PMID- 30971 TI - [beta-blockers and high risk pregnancies. Viewpoint of the nephrologist and the obstetrician]. PMID- 30970 TI - [Beta-blockers and arterial hypertension in the pregnant woman]. PMID- 30972 TI - [Surface defense mechanisms of the nasal mucosa]. PMID- 30973 TI - [Pharmacological treatment of coronary disease]. PMID- 30974 TI - Treating the outpatient schizophrenic. PMID- 30975 TI - [An evaluation of lorazepam (temesta) in out-patient practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 30976 TI - [Considerations in the drug treatment of parkinsonism (author's transl)]. PMID- 30977 TI - [Neurohormonal interactions in the regulation of sex behavior]. PMID- 30979 TI - Intraerythrocyte pH and physiochemical homogeneity. PMID- 30978 TI - [Isolation and properties of preparations the branching enzyme of muscles, amylose isomerase]. AB - The paper describes a modified method of isolating the branching enzyme of amylose isomerase from muscles and a study of the enzyme activity at different stages of purification. By enzyme fractionation on biogel R-150 and Sepharose 6B the fractions containing different RNA amounts have been isolated. The activity of fractions has been shown to depend on their content of RNA. The paper presents a procedure used to isolate a highly purified fraction of amylose isomerase and its properties (pH and temperature optima, enzyme optimal concentration and Michaelis constant). PMID- 30980 TI - Glutaminase-gamma-glutamyltransferase: subcellular localization and ammonia production in acidosis. PMID- 30981 TI - Potentiation of apomorphine action in rats by l-prolyl-l-leucyl-glycine amide. AB - Although the antiparkinsonian activity of 1-prolyl-l-leucyl-glycine amide (PLG=MIF-I) has been previously observed in several clinical trials, little is known of the mechanism of action of this tripeptide on the brain. Our study demonstrated potentiation of the action of apomorphine by PLG on the rotational behavior of mature rats which received unilateral 6-OHDA (16 microgram) lesions of the striatum as neonates. No change in tyrosine hydroxylase or dopa decarboxylase activities in rat striatal homogenates was found after addition of PLG (10(-8-10(-3) M). The results suggest that PLG modifies the dopamine receptor, making it more responsive to stimulation by the agonistic agent apomorphine and perhaps by the natural neurotransmitter dopamine. PMID- 30982 TI - Myocardial adrenoceptors and cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 30983 TI - [Conference report. III. International Symposium on Facial Nerve Surgery in Zurich, August 9--12, 1976]. PMID- 30984 TI - Specific immune recognition by lymphocytes: an evolutionary perspective. AB - In this review, we analyze data pertinent to the origins of specific immune recognition by lymphocytes. The phenomena of immunity in invertebrates and the cells that might be involved in these processes are considered. We conclude that the existence of vertebrate-type immunocompetent lymphocytes in invertebrates is not yet proven. All vertebrates apparently possess immunologically competent lymphocytes, and the following conclusions may be drawn: (1) Specific antigen recognition by lymphocytes of all vertebrates appears to be mediated by membrane bound immunoglobulins. These immunoglobulins are, in all probability, distinct from secreted, serum immunoglobulins (antibodies), although serum and surface immunoglobulins share combining sites for antigen which are formed of variable regions. (2) There is evidence for similar functional divisions among the immune systems of all vertebrates, as reflected in the results of anatomical, functional, and physicochemical investigations of lymphocytes from animals as diverse as fish and mammals. PMID- 30985 TI - [Change in tyrosine aminotransferase activity after gamma irradiation in the early embryogenesis period and the possible role of the cAMP system in this process]. PMID- 30986 TI - Rheooptical studies of platelet structure and function. PMID- 30987 TI - [Uptake of polyribonucleotidies by isolated rat liver mitochondria]. PMID- 30988 TI - [High temperature blowpipe]. PMID- 30989 TI - An analysis of measured and calculated calcium quantities in serum. AB - Potentiometrically measured ionized calcium (Ca2+) was compared with total and albumin corrected S-Calcium and calculated Ca2+ in serum samples from blood donors and patients, for whom a request of S-Calcium has been made. Total S Calcium, Ca2+ and S-Albumin in donors conformed with a simple mass law equation with a mean KCaAlb = 95 l/mol, whereas apparent albumin binding affinity rose with decreasing S-Albumin in patients (due to rise of other calcium binding proteins) with resulting overestimation of albumin corrected and particularly of calculated Ca2+. The frequency and severity of hypoalbuminaemia in patients make calculated Ca2+ unreliable and albumin corrected S-Calcium the clinically most satisfactory routinely practicable substitute for direct Ca2+ measurement. PMID- 30990 TI - The value of immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP) for etiological diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections due to pneumococci and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AB - Immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP) has been used to detect pneumococcal and Mycoplasma pneumoniae antigen in 324 sputum samples from 224 patients. Pneumococcal antigen was found in 30/37 samples from which pneumococci had earlier been isolated and in 72/243 specimens where they had not been found. Of these 72 samples 69 were from patients treated with antibiotics. Mycoplasma antigen was found in 9/57 sputum samples from which Mycoplasma had been isolated and in 2/32 other samples from patients with a serologically verified diagnosis of mycoplasmal infection. As to pneumococci, the IEOP is of value because of its rapidity and especially because antigen findings can be made in patients treated with antibiotics. In spite of sonication and concentration, mycoplasma antigen was too rarely found for the method, as now carried out, to be useful in diagnostic work. PMID- 30991 TI - Serological diagnosis of pneumococcal disease with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - Antibody response to pneumococcal type-specific polysaccharide was measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The test was shown to be up to 500 times more sensitive than indirect hemagglutination using chromic chloride treated red blood cells. In 16/17 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia a significant antibody increase was seen as measured with ELISA. Only 6/23 patients with pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae gave a pneumococcal antibody rise and in those cases the increase was very slight. The authors consider ELISA a valuable contribution to the serological diagnosis of pneumococcal disease. PMID- 30992 TI - Intraabdominal pneumococcal abscess. PMID- 30993 TI - Eleventh Congress of the Scandinavian Association of Urology, Turku, Finland, June 9th-10th, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 30994 TI - Review of papers about long-term cardiac pacing from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden presented at a symposium held at Elsinore on the 19th and 20th August 1976. PMID- 30995 TI - [Left ventricular function in hypertension treated with beta blockers]. AB - In 14 patients with essential hypertension, left ventricular function was assessed echocardiographically before and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment with the betablocking agent atenolol. Atenolol was given orally in a dose of 100 mg/day. After 4 weeks of treatment systolic blood pressure decreased from 160 to 138 mm Hg(p less than 0.001) and diastolic pressure from 105 to 91 mm Hg(p less than 0.001). Heart rate decreased from 76 to 64 beats/min (p less than 0.05). Systolic shortening of the left ventricular transverse diameter declined from 41 to 36% (p less than 0.01), though in no instance did it fall below the lower limit of normality (30%). After 8 weeks of betablocking therapy, blood pressure and heart rate remained essentially unchanged. Systolic shortening increased slightly but insignificantly to 38%. The left ventricular enddiastolic diameter did not change throughout the study. It is concluded that longterm betablocking therapy is associated with a significant reduction of left ventricular function which improves in the later stage of treatment. Since the diminution of left ventricular function is slight, the induction of left heart decompensation is unlikely, at any rate in patients with initially normal left ventricular function. PMID- 30996 TI - [Clinical course of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 30997 TI - Light stimulates tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine synthesis in retinal amacrine neurons. AB - Retinal dopamine-containing amacrine neurons are rapidly activated by light, as shown by an increase in the rate of dopamine formation in vivo and a concomitant increase in the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, measured in vitro with a subsaturating concentration of pteridine cofactor. Activation of tyrosine hydroxylase also occurs when isolated eyes from rats killed in the dark are exposed to a strobe light. Studies of amacrine neurons should provide basic data about the biochemical processing of visual information, as well as the physiological presynaptic regulatory mechanisms of dopamine-containing neurons. PMID- 30998 TI - Detection of an auditory nerve--activating substance. AB - A substance or substances capable of increasing the firing rate of primary auditory fibers is detectable in the perilymph of frogs and guinea pigs subjected to sound stimulation. The increase in firing rate occurs in single units of the frog auditory nerve after perilymph obtained from frogs or guinea pigs during sound stimulation is infused into the frog perilymphatic sac. Perilymph collected from animals maintained in silence failed to cause an increase in firing rate of primary auditory fibers of the frog. PMID- 30999 TI - NMR research: analysis of living cells and organs. PMID- 31000 TI - Kainic acid injections result in degeneration of cochlear nucleus cells innervated by the auditory nerve. AB - When kainic acid, a putative neurotoxin for neurons with glutamatergic input, is injected into the brainstem, it produces a selective pattern of degeneration in the cochlear nucleus. The rate and extent of degeneration is correlated with the distribution of the primary auditory fibers. This evidence supports the hypothesis that glutamate is the neurotransmitter for primary auditory fibers. PMID- 31001 TI - [Concerning the treatment of a late dyskinesia by Tiapridal (author's transl)]. AB - The authors study the effects of Tiapridal on the late dyskinesia resulting from the continuous use of neuroleptics. They present a conclusive observation of the effectiveness of this product on this syndrome. They have come to the conclusion that it is not necessary to prescribe anti-Parkinson drugs, the side-effects of which are well-known, firstly by diminuing the neuroleptic doses as soon as the first symptoms of extra-pyramidal syndrome appear, and secondly, when these symptoms appear by adding some Tiapridal to the dose of neuroleptics already taken. PMID- 31002 TI - Pharmacologic management of asthma in childhood. AB - New drugs such as inhalable corticosteroids, disodium chromoglycate, and selective beta2 sympathomimetic agents, as well as new understanding of pathophysiologic mechanisms of older drugs, enable better pharmacologic management of the child with asthma. Emphasis is on educating patient and parents and on using doses calculated for weight of anhydrous theophylline equivalent as well as for beta agonists. Preventive environmental measures should always be used in conjunction with drug therapy. PMID- 31003 TI - [Chronic pyelonephritis in patients who have had hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]. PMID- 31004 TI - The management of inflammation in rheumatic diseases. AB - Drugs used to control inflammation in the rheumatic diseases are extremely diverse. Despite this, the pattern of clinical response and similarities in side effects allow them to be subdivided into groups. These patterns also provide clues about the mode of action of the drugs. Conversely, studies of the mechanisms of action of drugs used to treat rheumatoid arthritis are beginning to throw light on the pathological process. PMID- 31005 TI - Sex and drugs. AB - Quackery has for centuries used aphrodisiacs to exploit vulnerable victims, 30% of whom, through the power of suggestion, have achieved sexual success from potions, powders and genital pomades. In the 1970s we still have no magical alchemy for sexual joy, but we are for the first time becoming aware of the complexity of human sexual functioning. We realize that new horizons of knowledge regarding cerebral as well as peripheral genital pathways and controls await discovery. Sexual side-effects requiring treatment must not only be noted but carefully and scientifically studied by physicians since these may offer important avenues of understanding of the many unsolved riddles of the neurophysiology of the human sexual response. PMID- 31006 TI - Physiologic monitoring goals for the critically ill patient. AB - Definition of the appropriate therapeutic goals for physiologic monitoring of patients postoperatively was approached by analyzing more than 50,000 values of the 20 most commonly monitored variables in a series of 113 critically ill patients throughout their immediate postoperative course. In general, normal values were poor criteria for monitoring, since normal values were restored in an average of 75 per cent of the survivors and 76 per cent of the nonsurvivors for the five most frequently measured variables; that is, arterial pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure, wedge pressure and cardiac output. Moreover, an average of 56 per cent of the 20 most commonly monitored variables of nonsurvivors was restored to the normal range. Furthermore, 34 per cent of all the nonsurvivors' values were within the normal range; this was only 2.4 per cent less than the percentage of normal values for the survivors. The empirically determined median value of the survivors taken in the late stage during periods remote from therapy was found to be a better criterion for therapeutic goals for most variables, including blood flow, oxygen transport and most intravascular pressures. However, normal values were satisfactory for arterial pressure, peripheral resistance, pH, mixed venous oxygen tension and arterial carbon dioxide tension, largely because of the biphasic patterns of these variables. PMID- 31007 TI - The effect of prolonged ischemia on high energy phosphate metabolism in skeletal muscle. PMID- 31008 TI - A new method of preparation of segmental pancreatic grafts for transplantation: trials in dogs and in man. AB - A new method of eliminating the exocrine function of the pancreas by obstruction of pancreatic duct with neoprene was investigated in dogs and applied to three cases of human segmental pancreatic transplantation. Neoprene is a liquid synthetic rubber which flocculates with changes in pH. In animals, progressive fibrosis of the pancreatic tissue occurs after injection of neoprene in the main pancreatic duct, leaving islets well vascularized and functioning for prolonged periods. Using this technique, three severely diabetic patients received a cadaver segmental pancreatic allograft. Blood sugar returned to normal levels within the first hours or days after operation. All three grafts continue to function 1.5, 2, and 8 months, respectively, following transplantation. If these results are confirmed by further clinical experience, this method may be of considerable assistance in the treatment of severe diabetes by pancreatic transplantation. PMID- 31009 TI - [Enamel solubility, caries and erosion]. PMID- 31011 TI - [The cadmium contents of dental soldering materials]. PMID- 31010 TI - [NIOM news: study on Cd and Ni contents of dental gold hard solder]. PMID- 31012 TI - Enhancement of chlorcyclizine teratogenicity in the rat by coadministration of calcium chelating agents. AB - Chlorcyclizine and structurally related drugs induce a high incidence of cleft palate and skeletal malformations in fetal rats. We have shown previously that these teratogens bind tightly and reversibly to chondroitin sulfate of cartilage and compete with calcium for binding. Experiments reported here demonstrate that co-administration of calcium chelating agents with chlorcyclizine significantly increases both the frequency of malformations and retention of [14C] chlorcyclizine by embryos. Retention of radioactive teratogen by embryos is inverse to retention of [45Ca]calcium. These findings suggest that drug binding to embryonic glycosaminoglycans is involved in the pathogenesis of malformations produced by chlorcyclizine. PMID- 31013 TI - Chlorcyclizine induction of cleft palate in the rat: degradation of palatal glycosaminoglycans. AB - Administration of the cleft palate teratogen chlorcyclizine or norchlorcyclizine to pregnant rats causes an alteration in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in embryonic palatal shelves. Pulse-chase experiments in vitro indicate that norchlorcyclizine enhances the degradation of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate but has little or no effect on their synthesis. These changes in GAGs are caused by concentrations of norchlorcyclizine that have no appreciable effect on DNA or protein synthesis. These findings suggest that degradation of palatal GAGs may be the primary biochemical defect responsible for the inhibition of palatal shelf elevation by norchlorcyclizine. PMID- 31014 TI - An anatomic and genetic study of canine cryptorchidism. AB - Twelve cases of cryptorchidism were found in a colony of Minature Schnauzer purebred and crossbred dogs. At least nine affected dogs were derived from the same sire directly or indirectly. Of 12 affected dogs, five cases were unilateral and seven were bilateral. Eight of the 12 cases were subjected to anatomic study. Fixation of affected organs was by vascular perfusion or immersion. Testes were separated from epididymides and both were weighed. All unilateral retained testicles were on the right side, and right sided bilaterally retained testes were always smaller than their left sided counterparts. With only one exception, ectopic testes were in the abdominal positon. Developmentally, the morphologic appearance of the epididymis of abdominal testes was very primitive in bilateral cases but nearly normal in the unilateral cases. Degree of inbreeding was greater for bilateral cases than unilateral cases. High incidence of cryptorchidism in this colony provided good evidence for hereditary nature of the condition in the Miniature Schnauzer dog. Morphologic observations were suggestive of a multiple gene defect. PMID- 31015 TI - [Mechanisms of enamel decalcification and its capacity to withstand dissolution]. PMID- 31016 TI - Effect of pH on bile salt degradation by mixed fecal cultures. AB - Stoll specimens from 3 healthy volunteers were cultured under an-aerobic conditions in brain heart infusion broth with and without the addition of cholate, deoxycholate of chenodeoxycholate. The initial pH of the medium was adjusted to 5.5, 6.3, 7.3 (unadjusted), 8.0, and 9.0. Cell-free extracts prepared from the resulting bacterial growth contained increased levels of NAD- and NADP dependent 3alpha-, 7alpha-, and 12alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductases when the initial pH was 8.0 or 9.0 and depressed levels of these activities when the initial pH was 5.5 or 6.3 (as compared to control values obtained at 7.3). At pH 5,5 all activities except NAD-dependent 7alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase were absent. A powerful selective effect was imposed on NAD-dependent 7alpha hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase when deoxycholate or chenodeoxycholate were incorporated into or chenodeoxycholate were incorporated into the medium. Thin layer chromatography of either extracts of cholate-containing, acidified spent bacterial medium showed alkaline or neutral (optimal at pH 8). The precent hydroxyl group estimations at the 3alpha-, 7alpha-, and 12alpha-positions revealed an increase in disappearance of OH groups at all three positions with increasing initial pH value. The order of extent of bioconversion was 7alpha-OH greater than 3alpha-OH; at pH 8 AND 9, approximately 90% 7alpha-OH bioconversion was observed. Spent bacterial media and a number of commercial secondary bile salts were all negative in the Ames' assay for mutagenicity. PMID- 31017 TI - The preparation of pregnancy urine for an estrogen profile. AB - A method is described for purifying the estrogen content of pregnancy urine with little loss of the labile estrogens. The procedure makes use of the initial 50 fold purification effected by their precipitation whith ammonium sulphate, with simultaneous elimination of most urinary corticosteroids and 50--60% of urinary ketosteroids. It also employs the antioxident ascorbic acid as an additive in most stages of the procedure. The mild organic-solvent-HIO partition system of Brown is used for separating the strongly polar, 2including all "labile" estrogens, and of the weakly polar estrogens, from neutral steroids. The remaining neutral steroid still interfering with the assays were removed by an ascorbic acid treated ion exchange resin (AG 1). The final residues were revealed by mass-spectroscopy to consist almost solely of estrogens. Gas-liquid chromatography in which just 2 chromatograms are required yields a total of 12 "estrogen" peaks (for 12 estrogens which are excreted in amounts greater than 0.1 mg/day) in normal pregnancy urine, including all the known labile estrogens. Identification as estrogen for all but a few minor peaks of the gas chromatogram was obtained by mass-spectroscopy. The practical significance of the method lies in the fact that some labile estrogens are much more important in the estrogen metabolism of pregnant and nonpregnant women than heretofore generally thought. PMID- 31018 TI - 3beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human fetal membranes. AB - A 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3betaHSD) was demonstrated in term human fetal membranes (chorion and amnion) with both dehydroepiandrosterone (3beta hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one) and pregnenolone (3beta-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one as substrates, and the subcellular distribution substrate and nucleotide specificity of the enzyme was studied. In both membranes the microsomal fraction (particles which sedimented at 105,000 g after 90 min) had the highest specific activity. The chorion was more active than the amnion but the enzyme in both tissues had similar substrate and nucleotide specificity. NAD was the preferred cofactor, and pregnenolone was a better substrate than dehydroepiandrosterone in the presence of NAD. However, with NADP as cofactor both steroids were equally good substrates. When the 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of chorion microsomes was compared with that of placental microsomes, the specific activities were found to be of the same order of magnitude, and the substrate, nucleotide specificity and steroid binding properties were almost identical. PMID- 31019 TI - Effects of 2-mercaptoethanol and aging in vitro on 17beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase of guinea pig liver microsomes. AB - When microsomes were prepared in 2-mercaptoethanol Vmax for 17beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (17beta-HSD) was greater, the Km for NAD+ was greater and the Km for testosterone lower than in its absence. During storage at 4 degrees Vmax increased in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and decreased in its absence; Km values for testosterone and NAD+ increased during storage in both cases. The presence or absence of 2-mercaptoethanol did not affect the extent or time-course of inactivation of 17beta-HSD by trypsin or phospholipase A. Furthermore, no differences were detected in sedimentation properties on sucrose density gradients suggesting that the differences and changes in the kinetic behavior of 17beta-HSD reflect a conformational flexibility at the active site and are not due to extensive changes in the structure of the microsomes. 17beta-HSD exposed to 2-mercaptoethanol was subject to substrate inhibition by testosterone, a type of inhibition not previously reported for this enzyme. PMID- 31020 TI - First international symposium on immunologic monitoring of the transplant patient. Part II. PMID- 31021 TI - Perspectives in patient monitoring. PMID- 31022 TI - [Diagnostic significance of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase determination in hepatobiliary diseases (initial results)]. PMID- 31023 TI - Abstracts from the 14th Congress of the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiologists. Uppsala, Sweden, June 28-July 2, 1977. PMID- 31024 TI - Cutaneous hemorrhages and gangrenes localized to the lower limbs in patients with collagen diseases and in diabetics. PMID- 31025 TI - [Morphological basis for the causes of cryptorchism]. PMID- 31026 TI - Effects of peritoneal dialysis solutions on human clearance and rat arterioles. PMID- 31027 TI - [The hepatocyte in acute alcoholic hepatitis. Histoenzymological and ultrastructural analysis (author's transl)]. AB - The interpretation of the morphological features of alcoholic hepatitis is discussed in terms of a comparison with the results of an ultrastructural and histoenzymological study of the liver biopsies of nine patients. In these patients liver biopsies were performed in the initial stage of the illness and fifteen days after five were re-biopsied, when the clinical and biological signs were improved. The correlations between morphological and biological data were good, especially for the levels of serological and histoenzymological alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase evaluations. However, when histological appearances had returned to normal, after two weeks of abstinence from alcohol several histological and ultrastructural features of the initial hepatitis persisted. The presence of evolving cirrhosis was a contributing factor to the severity of the changes seen. Morphologically, apart from the changes due to chronic alcoholic intoxication (steatosis, mitochondrial alteration), the hepatitic lesions comprise Mallory's bodies, cytoplasmic oedema and mitochondrial swelling. Cholestasis was invariably present. Histo-enzymologically there was a reduction in ATPase activity suggesting a metabolic failure in the energy producing pathways. In addition, in the periphery of lobules an active cirrhotic process was present, with tubular de-differentiation of hepatocytes and an increase in gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase on the cytoplasmic membrane. Because of the absence of any topographical relationship between hepatitis and cirrhosis, the presence of lymphocytes in the neighbourhood of the ductules suggested an indirect relationship between both processes, perhaps an autoimmune response initiated by Mallory's bodies. PMID- 31028 TI - The self-assembly of papaya mosaic virus. PMID- 31029 TI - The specificity of papaya mosaic virus assembly. PMID- 31030 TI - [Disordered regulation of cell membrane adenyl cyclase and guanyl cyclase activity as a possible factor in carcinogenesis]. AB - The author suggests an interpretation of the recently recognized significant enzymatic imbalance in cancer cell as a result of the shift in the balance of cell memrane adenyl- and guanylcyclase activities in favour of the former. The alternative patterns of the development of hypothetical central and peripheral regulatory disturbances are dealt with. The prospective new therapeutic approaches offered by the pathomechanism under study are pointed out. PMID- 31031 TI - [Value of the electrometric method of determination of the acid-forming function of the stomach in tuberculosis]. PMID- 31032 TI - [State of the acid-excretory renal function in pulmonary-cardiac insufficiency in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 31033 TI - [Beta-blockaders. Their pharmacology and clinical use]. PMID- 31034 TI - The Alma-Ata conference on primary health care. PMID- 31035 TI - [Regression of malignant hypertension and polyneuropathy following combined treatment of severe polyarteritis nodosa]. PMID- 31036 TI - [Treatment of general psychovegetative disorders with a single night dose of dipotassium-clorazepate within a multicenter study (author's transl)]. AB - The therapeutical effect of Tranxilium was studied in an open multicenter study by 66 general practitioners and 26 specialists. 1.027 patients were treated with Tranxilium 20, given in a single dose at night, for a period of three weeks. During this time, the patient's psychic status and functional organic disorders were assessed by means of rating scales. A complete medical assessment followed at the end of the study. States of anxiety, restlessness, depressive mood, irritation and insomnia as well as functional organic disorders improved significantly (p is less than 0.001) already after the first week of treatment. At the end of treatment, with the majority of patients the above symptoms had either completely disappeared or were found only to a small extent. In 85% of the patients, all investigators rated the stabilization and brightening effect on psychic conditions as well as the harmonizing effect on disturbed organic functions as "very good" to "good". In 89% of the patients, the overall therapeutic success was judged as "very good" to "good". The overall tolerance was excellent in 96% of the cases. PMID- 31037 TI - [Rational diagnosis of kidney diseases]. PMID- 31038 TI - [Hemolytic activity in the gastric and duodenal juice (proceedings)]. PMID- 31040 TI - Determination of internal representation of a decision structure in human problem solving by means of eye movement measurements. PMID- 31039 TI - [Lichen planus today]. PMID- 31041 TI - [Slow brain potentials in various structured tasks]. PMID- 31042 TI - Alma Ata: the consecration of the primary health care approach: what follow-up can we expect? PMID- 31043 TI - [Experience obtained in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Three different methods employed within the framework of complex therapy were used to treat 195 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis: 1. Alterative therapy using prodigiosan, a bacterial polysaccaride. 2. Desensitizing treatment using histaglobulin, an antihistaminic agent. 3. Symptomatic local treatment. The methods of treatment are described in detail. General therapy allowed the frequency of relapses and the duration of disease to be reduced and shortened, respectively. The use of a complex form of therapy is recommended. PMID- 31044 TI - [Chemical parameters in coastal waters in correlation with microbiological parameters (author's transl)]. AB - Nearly 4600 samples of coastal water from the Baltic Sea were characterized by microbiological parameters as well as by pH, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and oxidizability by permanganate. Correlation of E. coli with chemical parameters varies strongly according to parameter, region, and season. Sanitary assessments can only be based on microbiological findings.--As regards eutrophication, we should expect special and more comprehensive chemical test programmes to give us substantial knowledge, whereas chemical tests after the EC guidelines for bathing waters along the Baltic Sea coast would mean considerable work and costs without getting any new results. PMID- 31045 TI - [Abiotic synthesis of peptides containing a dicarboxylic acid and their catalytic properties]. AB - Studies have been made on thermal synthesis of peptides containing amino acids (glycine, alanine, leucine, threonine, and histidine) and succinic acid. The synthetic products were found to be heterogeneous, comprising mostly linear polymers. In the peptides obtained, the ratio between individual amino acids differed from the initial one. It was demonstrated that glycine exhibits high capacity for polymerization. At the same time, most polymerized peptides contained large amounts of leucine. In hydrolyzates of some of the peptides, a new non-identified amino acid was found which was formed from threonine. The peptides obtained exhibited catalytic properties: they hydrolyzed-p-nitrophenyl phosphate, increased the breakdown of ascorbic acid by hydrogen peroxide and splitted inorganic phosphate from ATP. These activities depended on PH of the medium, the duration of action and substrate concentration. Synthetic products which contained threonine residues, exhibited higher activities as compared to other peptides. The data obtained reveal a possibility of incorporating the organic acids into polypeptide chains during abiogenic synthesis of biologically active substances. Such compounds with non-specific catalytic properties could serve as one of the steps in evolution of biocatalyzers. PMID- 31046 TI - [Seventh Scientific Conference on Evolutionary Physiology, dedicated to the memory of Academician L. A. Orbeli (Leningrad, January 9--11, 1978)]. PMID- 31047 TI - Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation, Helsingfors: Neuroendocrine symposium, September 22-23, 1978, Swedish-Finnish Cultural Centre, Hanaholmen (Esbo), Finland. Abstracts. PMID- 31048 TI - [Belgian Society of Electroencephalography. Meeting of 4 June 1977]. PMID- 31049 TI - Localization of the immunoglobulins G, A and M, beta-trace protein and gamma trace protein on isoelectric focusing of serum and cerebrospinal fluid by immunofixation. AB - The mobility of the immunoglobulins G, A and M, beta-trace protein and gramma trace protein on isoleectric focusing of serum and CSF was determined by immunofixation using specific antisera. Polyclonal IgG migrated as multiple bands between pH 4.7--8.6, polyclonal IgA as multiple bands between pH 4.9--6.1 in CSF and serum. IgM could not be identified in normal CSF or serum. beta-trace protein gave three bands at pH 8.0, 8.4 and 7.4--7.5, respectively, while gamma-trace protein gave one single band at pH 9.5--greater than 9.5. Oligoclonal IgG in CSF in multiple sclerosis and neurosyphilis migrated between pH 8.6--greater than 9.5 and was easily discriminated from other proteins. PMID- 31050 TI - Comparison between agarose gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of CSF for demonstration of oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands in neurological disorders. AB - Isoelectric focusing and agarose gel electrophoresis of CSF and serum revealed similar frequencies of oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis (100% with both methods), infectious CNS disorders (38 and 23%) and other neurological diseases (8 and 10%). In selected cases with unsure CSF oligoclonal bands on agarose gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing displayed definite oligoclonal bands. In contrast to agarose gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing revealed evidence for oligoclonal bands in serum as well as in CSF in 41% of the multiple sclerosis patients, indicating diffusion from CSF to serum. In 4 cases with gammaglobulin bands appearing in both CSF and serum on agarose gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing revealed normal CSF and serum protein patterns at pH above 6.4 where most IgG is migrating. PMID- 31051 TI - Excretion of antiepileptic drugs in sweat. AB - In eight epileptic patients receiving chronic antiepileptic treatment, a study of the excretion in sweat of phenytoin, phenobarbitone and carbamazepine was performed. All three drugs were found to be present in sweat. Phenytoin sweat concentration was found to correspond to the free fraction in plasma and to be independent of sweat flow. Phenobarbitone sweat concentration was found to increase with increasing sweat flow. Regarding drug level monitoring it is proposed that under changing climatic conditions the phenomenon may be of clinical significance. PMID- 31052 TI - beta-D-galactosidase activities in juvenile GM1-gangliosidosis. AB - beta-Galactosidase activity was investigated in one case of juvenile GM1 gangliosidosis. This patient exhibited normal activity of the neutral form of beta-galactosidase (measured as beta-glucosidase activity) and normal pH curve of residual acid beta-galactosidase activity in leucocytes and fibroblasts. A shift towards more neutral pH optimum was seen in the beta-galactosidase enzyme occurring in serum. The communication also presents a study of the relationship of the different beta-galactosidases in human liver using isolated urine oligosaccharide from this patient as a beta-galactoside substrate. The other natural beta-galactoside substrates used in this investigation were different oligosaccharides, one glycopeptide and ceramide-beta-galactosidase. The beta galactosidase forms with acidic pH optimum towards synthetic substrate (A forms) exhibit activity towards the natural substrate (except ceramide-beta galactoside). The "neutral" beta-galactosidase with broad substrate specificity (B form) which includes beta-glucosides had no activity towards the natural substrates used. It could also be shown that the activity towards ceramide-beta galactoside was a third type of beta-galactosidase different from A and B forms. PMID- 31053 TI - Recent advances in research on Parkinsonism. PMID- 31054 TI - Sudden deafness in relapsing polychondritis. A scanning electron microscopy study. AB - The left ear of a 57-year-old female who suffered sudden deafness during the course of relapsing polychondritis was examined under a scanning electron microscope. Marked degeneration of the organ of Corti in all turns and dislocated and encapsulated tectorial membrane were found in the cochlea. Marked decrease in number of the sensory cells in the utricular and saccular maculae and total loss of sensory hair bundles in the ampullary cristae of the semicircular canals were seen in the vestibule. These findings strongly suggest that the cause of sudden deafness in this case might be viral. The usefulness of scanning electron microscopy in human temporal bone pathology is stressed. PMID- 31055 TI - Renal sequelae to nephropathia epidemica. AB - Clinical data and renal biopsy findings were studied in 9 patients 4-5 years after the acute phase of Nephropathia epidemica. Laboratory data suggested slightly depressed tubular function, but glomerular function was normal. Light microscopy of renal biopsy specimens showed slight residual interstitial fibrosis and occasionally atrophic tubuli, tubular casts, increased number of hyalinized glomeruli, and minor changes in other glomeruli. Two specimens showed fibrotic scars in the cortex. Electron microscopy revealed degenerative changes in the glomeruli, arterioles and tubules. The immunohistochemical study showed no fixed immunoglobulins in the kidney. The study shows that practically complete and lasting clinical recovery follows the acute phase of Nephropathia epidemica and that the disease does not leave diagnostic structural changes in the kidneys. PMID- 31056 TI - Protection against experimental Proteus mirabilis pyelonephritis in rats and significance of immunity. AB - Intraperitoneal immunization with formalin-killed bacteria as well as previous hematogenous infection with Proteus O3H1 showed a protective effect against hematogenous pyelonephritis in rats when the homologous strain was used. Transfer of hyperimmune antisera protected against hematogenously induced infection. Neither intravesical or intraperitoneal immunization with formalin-killed bacteria nor transfer of urines containing antibodies of the IgG class protected against ascending pyelonephritis when the O3H1 strain was used. Data are presented indicating that a rise of pH might decrease the biological effect of antibodies, suggesting that Proteus urease activity is a virulence factor of importance in this context. PMID- 31057 TI - [Analytic study of tofizopam]. PMID- 31058 TI - Studies on the stability and compatibility of drugs in infusion fluids. V. Effect of lactate and metal ions on the stability of benzylpenicillin. PMID- 31059 TI - The secretory pattern of growth hormone. An experimental study in the rat. PMID- 31060 TI - Differential effect on the sympathetic transmitter level in uterus and other organs of guinea-pig by drugs interfering with adrenergic nerve functions. AB - 5 types of adrenergic blocking agents with different modes of action were administered and the rate of transmitter depletion was studied in different uterine regions of guinea-pig, and compared with that in the heart and submandibular gland by a combination of fluorescence histochemical and spectrofluorimetric methods. The tyrosine-hydroxylase inhibitor, H 44/68, as well as reserpine and guanethidine, produced a more efficient reduction in neuronal noradrenaline in the heart and submandibular gland than in the uterus. A differential action on the sympathetic transmitter, though less clearcut, was seen with 6-hydroxydopamine. The noradrenaline-depleting effect of metaraminol did not distinguish between those adrenergic nerves supplying the uterus from those of the control tissues. It is suggested that the differential effects may be related to a lower activity in the uterine adrenergic nerve system, probably because this system is to a large extent composed of short adrenergic neurons, which appear to have a particularly slow transmitter turnover. PMID- 31061 TI - On the capacity of the beta-oxidation of palmitate and palmitoyl-esters in rat liver mitochondria. AB - The beta-oxidation of palmitate, palmitoyl-CoA and palmitoyl-L-carnitine proceeded at a high rate in isolated rat liver mitochondria. At high concentrations (100 nmol/mg protein) the oxidation of palmitate and palmitoyl-CoA was only partly carnitine dependent. All substrates were most rapidly oxidized in the presence of oxaloacetate and state 3 conditions. Succinate inhibited beta oxidation especially in state 4 conditions. beta-Oxidation was faster in hypotonic than in isotonic medium both in state 3 and state 4 conditions. Hypertonicity inhibited beta-oxidation. The initial formation of palmitoyl-CoA from palmitate, CoA and ATP was faster than the oxidation of palmitate under identical conditions. The presence of bovine serum albumin inhibited the beta oxidation, especially with palmitoyl-CoA or free palmitate as the substrates. Mitochondria contain a palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase which may influence the available intramitochondrial palmitoyl-CoA. The present results demonstrate no single rate limiting step in the beta-oxidation in vitro. Both the NADH/NAD ratio, competition for the respiratory chain, the level of ADP, binding of palmitoyl-CoA to extramitochondrial protein, and possibly intramitochondrial hydrolysis of palmitoyl-CoA all seem to influence the rate of beta-oxidation in vitro. It is suggested that in vivo the most important factor is the availability of acyl-CoA to the outer carnitine palmitoyl-transferase of the mitochondria. PMID- 31062 TI - Acid-base balance in blood during exhaustive bicycle exercise and the following recovery period. PMID- 31063 TI - Time-blind videotaped evaluation of injectable diazepam, lorazepam and placebo. AB - Eighteen inpatients suffering from a severe anxiety received in double-blind and crossover conditions iv and im injections of 10 mg diazepam, 5 mg lorazepam or saline t.i.d. during 5 days. The morning injections was made iv in a CCTV studio. Before injection and 20 mn after it, the patient filled out a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale; his doctor-in-charge proceeded to a standard interview and to physiological measurements (tremor of hand, patellar reflexes, blood pressure, pulse rate). The videotaped interviews were randomly, i.e. time-blind, rated by two independent observers on 3 scales: the VAS, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and an ad hoc Verbal and Non-Verbal Anxiety Scale (VNVA). The statistical analysis was completed by a logical analysis according to Lewis Carroll. The results demonstrate the superiority of lorazepam over diazepam on psychic anxiety, somatic anxiety, sleep and blood pressure, the only significant side-effect being drowsiness. PMID- 31064 TI - Effect of metrizamide on whole blood oxygen affinity. AB - The effects on whole blood oxygen affinity following addition to human blood of either ionic (diatrizoate) or non-ionic (metrizamide) contrast medium were investigated in vitro. No medium changed whole blood oxygen affinity. Solutions of metrizamide produced less changes in plasma pH than solutions of diatrizoate. This difference is explained by lower buffer capacity and lower osmolality of metrizamide solutions. Low osmolality gives less redistribution of anions between plasma and red cells and therefore less decrease in plasma pH. PMID- 31065 TI - The pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy. Experimental data and their clinical relevance with special reference to neurosurgical patients. PMID- 31066 TI - [7 years of experience with delayed action neuroleptics]. PMID- 31067 TI - [Clinical experience with the neuroleptic 19.366 R.P. (pipothiazine)]. PMID- 31068 TI - Homeostasis of phosphate and other minerals. Third International Workshop on Phosphate and Other Minerals, Madrid, Spain, July 15--18, 1977. PMID- 31069 TI - The thrombotic process in atherogenesis. PMID- 31070 TI - Secretin release in man: current status. PMID- 31071 TI - Secretin, gastrin and pancreatic bicarbonate responses to meals varying in pH levels. PMID- 31072 TI - Roles of the vagus in endogenous release of secretin and exocrine pancreatic secretion in dog. PMID- 31073 TI - The effect of atropine on secretin release and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion after duodenal acidification in man. PMID- 31075 TI - Histamine H2-receptors and gastric secretion. PMID- 31074 TI - Peptidergic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 31076 TI - Phosphopyridoxal cyclic compounds with histamine and histidine. 7: The properties of pyridoxal and phosphopyridoxal cyclic compounds with histamine and histidine. AB - Cyclic compounds synthesized from histamine (Hi) or histidine (His) with pyridoxal (PL)--[Hi-PL, His-PL] and Hi or His with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)- [Hi-PLP, His-PLP] were tested for stability in buffer, acid and base solutions, crude homogenates of various tissues and in the presence of enzymes which metabolize Hi or His. The cyclic pyridoxal compounds were stable in all experimental conditions, whereas phosphopyridoxal cyclic products were degraded by rat intestinal DAO and rat intestine homogenate, apparently enzymatically. In acidic and basic solutions changes in migration velocity and u.v. absorption spectrum occur. The characteristic fluorescence of these cyclic compounds is described. PMID- 31077 TI - Degranulation of rat mesentery mast cells by antihistamines: influence of ionization. PMID- 31078 TI - Anti-inflammatory drug actions on allergic responses in guinea-pig skin. AB - Five non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin, naproxen, meclofenamic acid, feprazone and phenylbutazone: NSAIDs) and three glucocorticosteroids (dexamethasone, hydrocortisone and prednisolone) have been tested as local inhibitors of increased vascular permeability in guinea-pig skin. Lesions were induced by histamine or by antigen to evoke type I (passive cutaneous anaphylaxis), type III (reverse passive Arthus) and type IV (delayed hypersensitivity) allergic reactions. NSAIDs and glucocorticosteroids caused either weak, inconsistent inhibition or slight, high-dose inhibition of the response to histamine. None of the drugs tested showed significant inhibition of the type IV response. The NSAIDs caused dose-related inhibition of both type I and type III responses whereas glucocorticosteroids were ineffective. Maximum inhibition with the NSAIDs was never greater than 50--60% Feprazone, meclofenamic acid and indomethacin were the most potent inhibitors of histamine, PCA and Arthus responses respectively. The possible significance of the effects of these anti-inflammatory agents on vascular permeability is discussed. PMID- 31079 TI - The effects of fractions (chalones) obtained from lymphoid organs on the immune response in vivo. AB - Aqueous extracts of calf and pig lymphoid organs were prepared and fractionated by means of gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. These fractions, which had been previously assessed on mitogen stimulated mouse spleen lymphocytes and other cells in vitro, were tested for their in vivo activity on humoral (haemolytic PFC in mice) and on cell-mediated immunity (skin allograft survival in mice, lymph node weight assay in rats, and systemic GvH-reaction in mice). None of these several fractions elicited either biologically significant or reproducible inhibitory effects. In particular, two fractions, a high and a small molecular weight fraction which were strongly inhibitory in vitro, remained without any chalone-like activity in these in vivo assays. Our results therefore failed to support the existence of a lymphocyte chalone. PMID- 31080 TI - Management of intraoral injuries. AB - Primary closure of intraoral wounds can be done up to 24 hours after the injury. A mucosal seal decreases the possibility of infection and allows the wound to heal more rapidly and less painfully than a wound left open to heal by secondary intention. Defects of the lips must be closed with exact alignment of the vermilion-cutaneous margins. Nerve repairs must be done without tension at the repair site. Parotid duct repairs are mandatory to prevent cyst and fistula formation. Anterior permanent teeth may be replanted. PMID- 31081 TI - Physicians' assistants: the new prescribers. PMID- 31082 TI - Effective interventions to reduce infection in malnourished populations. Proceedings of a symposium held on June 12--16, 1977 Port-au-Prince, Haiti. PMID- 31083 TI - Takayasu's arteritis associated with glomerulonephritis. A case report. AB - Takayasu's disease is a nonspecific arteritis of unknown cause with predilection for the aortic arch and its branches; approximately 20% of those affected are children or adolescents, predominantly females. The purpose of this article is to report the case of a young girl in which the mode of presentation was microscopic hematuria and proteinuria. Subsequently, aortic valvular insufficiency developed and there was evidence of aortitis in the thoracic and abdominal aorta, as well as in the arch. All functional and anatomical cardiac derangements were documented by ultrasound and angiocardiography. Renal biopsies showed progressive glomerular involvement characterized by focal and segmental glomerulonephritis. It is postulated that a common immunologic mechanism was responsible for the aortic and glomerular lesions. PMID- 31084 TI - Treatment of acute otitis media of infancy with cefaclor. AB - The emergence of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus as a clinical problem in otitis media necessitates a search for alternative, effective therapy. An orally absorbable cephalosporin derivative, cefaclor, is equally effective in vitro against ampicillin-susceptible and -resistant Haemophilus and against other bacteria that cause acute otitis media. Two dosage schedules of cefaclor (40 and 60 mg/kg/day) were evaluated in 95 infants with acute otitis media. Bacterial origin was determined by a culture of tympanocentesis fluid. Success rates using the smaller dosage were inferior to those using the larger dosage. Results of therapy for pneumococcal and Haemophilus infection with 60 mg/kg/day were comparable to those previously found with amoxicillin trihydrate or with combinations of trisulfapyrimadines with erythromycin or penicillin V. One patient with an ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus infection responded well to cefaclor and did not have a relapse. Cefaclor was well tolerated and caused an acceptably low incidence of minor, adverse effects. Cefaclor deserves further testing as a candidate for preferred status as a single-drug treatment of acute otitis media. PMID- 31085 TI - Azulfidine- (sulfasalazine-) induced hepatic injury. AB - A patient with Azulfidine-related hepatotoxicity in which prompt recurrence of symptoms, fever skin rash, and laboratory evidence of hepatocellular injury occurred upon readministration of Azulfidine is reported. The clinical and biochemical features support the fact that this was an example of an acquired hypersensitivity reaction to Azulfidine. PMID- 31086 TI - Effectiveness of high-dose spironolactone therapy in patients with chronic liver disease and relatively refractory ascites. AB - Ten patients with ascites due to chronic liver disease were treated with spironolactone as the sole diuretic in doses of 300 to 600 mg daily. Prior to spironolactone treatment ascites was relatively refractory as indicated by baseline 24-hr urine sodium values of less than 5 mEq and natriuresis of less than 30 mEq following 200 mg hydrochlorothiazide. With spironolactone, mean daily weight loss was 540 g and natriuresis 74 mEq; diuresis was considered satisfactory in nine of ten patients. Untoward effects were limited to a single episode of hepatic encephalopathy, a small fall in serum magnesium in several patients, and three instances of hyperkalemia (5.5, 5.6, and 7.5 mEq/liter). In spite of the tendency to hyperkalemia, urinary potassium excretion increased in seven of the ten patients. There was no rise in serum urea nitrogen or creatinine. Hydrogen ion excretion decreased initially leading to mild hyperchloremic acidosis. Serum urate did not increase. PMID- 31087 TI - Plasma secretin concentrations in fasting and postprandial state in man. AB - Plasma immunoreactive secretin concentrations were determined in both healthy subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer. The modified radioimmunoassay method could detect significant increases in the plasma secretin concentrations when 0.05 N HCl was infused intraduodenally at a rate of 1.1 and 2.2 ml/min. The mean fasting plasma secretin concentration of 13 normal healthy subjects was 4.4 +/- 0.38 pg/ml which was significantly less (P less than 0.01) than that of 13 duodenal ulcer patients, 6.9 +/- 0.64 pg/ml. In both groups ingestion of a meat containing meal resulted in significant increase in the plasma secretin concentrations. Recording of pH from proximal duodenum indicated that pH fell periodically below 4.5 during the postprandial period, indicating that only a short segment of proximal duodenum was exposed to acid after meal. The postprandial rise in plasma secretin levels was abolished when antral pH was raised 5.5 by intragastric infusion of 0.3 N NaHCO3 solution. These observations indicate that although fasting plasma secretin levels are low, the plasma secretin levels increase significantly after ingestion of a meal. This increase appears to be attributable to an increased amount of acid delivered to the proximal duodenum, and patients with duodenal ulcer were found to release more secretin during the postprandial period than normal subjects. PMID- 31088 TI - Does secretin influence rat colonic absorption and secretion? AB - In rats, a secretin (Jorpes) intravenous infusion superimposed on an intracolonic sodium acetate perfusion elicits, with respect to control values, a significant depression of Na+ absorption (0.16 mEq./h-0.00 mEq./h.) and mucus secretion (230 40 mg.). When the hormone is superimposed upon an intracolonic infusion of acetic acid, mucus secretion is also significantly inhibited (790-340 mg.). The influence of secretin on organic anion movement was pH related. At pH values of 7.0, absorption was unchanged (0.34--0.33 mEq./h.), at pH values of 2.9, absorption was significantly reduced (0.67-0.41 mEq./h). The secretin impairment of colonic mucus secretion could influence the transport of watersoluble (Na+) and lipid soluble (acetic acid) substances, probably through changes at the "unstirred layer" level. PMID- 31089 TI - The parotid and the pancreas. IV. Parotid secretion after secretin stimulation as a screening test of pancreatic dysfunction. PMID- 31090 TI - NCCLVP meeting debates inline i.v. filters, i.v. teams and i.v. admixture programs. PMID- 31091 TI - Improved ventilation of prematurely delivered primates following tracheal deposition of surfactant. AB - Twelve rhesus monkeys were delivered prematurely at 129, 130, or 131 days. The first breath was inhibited while tracheotomy was performed and a catheter introduced into the umbilical artery. Into the tracheal tubes of six of the newborn monkeys was instilled 0.20 to 0.27 ml. of a natural surfactant (SA) suspension, obtained from lung wash of adult rabbits. Nothing was given to six control monkeys. Breathing was then supported with a ventilator. Although its settings were adjusted in attempts to maintain normal blood gases, the control monkeys developed severe hypercapnia and acidosis, and two died after 4 1/2 and 5 1/2 hours. The remaining four control monkeys and the six treated monkeys were killed after six hours. Pulmonary pressure-volume characteristics were conspicuously better following SA treatment. It was concluded that instillation of SA in the upper airways of premature primates prior to their first breath holds promise as an effective way of preventing respiratory distress. PMID- 31092 TI - Circulatory shock in pregnant sheep. IV. Fetal and neonatal circulatory responses to hypovolemia--influence of anesthesia. AB - Hemodynamic responses to hypovolemia were investigated in unanesthetized, unstressed fetal lambs and in acute fetal and neonatal preparations. The unstressed fetus tolerated twice the amount of blood loss of the acutely studied fetus or newborn lamb and with a lesser hypotension. Hemodynamic behavior of the newborn lamb and fetus anesthetized with pentobarbital during hypovolemia was markedly different from that of the fetus studied under spinal anesthesia or chronically. Besides tolerating greater blood loss, the unstressed fetus reversed the state of hypovolemic shock rapidly as contrasted to the stressed fetus which was unable to do so even with total blood reinfusion. All animals exhibited bradycardia in response to hypovolemia. The following conclusions were drawn: (a) cardiovascular response to hypovolemia in the perinatal period depends on the initial status of the animal, (b) the fetus tolerates a greater degree of blood loss than a newborn or adult animal, and (c) anesthesia and stress of surgery modify considerably circulatory behavior during blood loss. PMID- 31093 TI - Urea and dilatation of the cervix. AB - The minimal elasticity of the uterine cervix has been related to its high collagen content. By interfering with cohesive forces that hold the collagen fiber bundle together, it is possible to diminish the physical strength of collagen. Urea has been used in collagen chemistry to dissociate collagen by interfering with hydrophobic linkages and hydrogen bonds. This results in a change of mechanical properties such as a decrease in tensile strength and an increase in elasticity. Basic studies of rat tail tendon demonstrated the additive effects of pH, concentration of urea, and temperature on the mechanical characteristics of collagen fibers. In vitro testing was performed using an injection of 30 per cent urea at pH 4. Serial measurements with a spring gauge instrument showed a reduction in cervical resistance. A cervical injection technique has been developed and toxicity of urea studied. PMID- 31094 TI - The twentieth annual research meeting of the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto. June 9, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 31095 TI - Thymic epithelial injury in graft-versus-host reactions following adrenalectomy. AB - In four separate experiments 140 adults A(H-2a) x C57BL/6(H-2b) F1hybrid mice were surgically adrenalectomized and divided into three experimental groups. Seventy-one additional adult F1hybrids (AXC57BL/6) which had not been adrenalectomized were divided into three similar groups. In Group 1 (GvH group), GvH reactions were induced by the injection of 50 x 106 pooled parental lymphoid cells intravenously. The second group (syngeneic group) received 50 x 106 pooled F1 hybrid lymphoid cells intravenously. The third group (uninoculated group) received no lymphoid inoculum. At regular intervals the animals were killed, autopsied, and histologically studied. Visceral alterations of GvH reaction were recorded in the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver in the GvH groups; none was present in the other groups. The thymuses in the nonadrenalectomized GvH group underwent prompt involution characterized by size reduction and cortical lymphoid cell depletion. These changes were not apparent in the GvH adrenalectomized group. Both GvH groups, however, demonstrated an effacement of the medulla, lymphocyte incursion into the medulla, lymphocyte emperipolesis of medullary epithelial cells, gradual disappearance of Hassall's corpuscles, epithelial cell injury, and an ingress of macrophages laden with nuclear and cellular debris. This study suggests that the stress and corticosteroid response which accompany a GvH reaction account for the reduction in the thymic size and cortical lymphoid cell mass. The medullary alterations, therefore, would appear to be initiated by the GvH reaction per se. PMID- 31096 TI - Oral-buccal dyskinesia symptoms associated with low-dose benzodiazepine treatment. PMID- 31097 TI - Baclofen in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 31098 TI - An analysis of the specialty and geographic location of physician assistants in the United States. PMID- 31099 TI - [Ecology of Bacteroides melaninogenicus in the oral cavities of preschool children (author's transl)]. PMID- 31100 TI - [Current trends in the treatment of the climacteric syndrome]. PMID- 31101 TI - [Technological and biomechanical aspects of hip and knee allo-arthroplasty]. PMID- 31102 TI - The relief of postoperative pain--an assessment. PMID- 31103 TI - Cimetidine as a single oral dose for prophylaxis against Mendelson's syndrome. AB - Cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist which inhibits gastric acid secretion, was administered as a single 400 mg oral dose before anaesthesia to forty-six patients undergoing elective gynaecological surgery. The incidence of gastric residue pH above 2.5 was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in cimetidine treated patients than in thirty-seven control patients. No patient who received cimetidine between 4 and 6 h prior to anaesthesia had a gastric residue pH less than 2.5. These findings suggest that cimetidine may be effective as a prophylaxis against acid pulmonary aspiration (Mendelson's) syndrome. PMID- 31104 TI - Arterial blood gas analysis: potential errors due to the addition of heparin. AB - The effect of sodium heparin on the determination of the major arterial blood gas parameters was studied. The addition of heparin produced errors in all three parameters tested, i.e. PO2, PCO2 and pH. The PCO2 determination was most affected, a 12% decrease being introduced into a 1.5 ml blood sample by the volume of heparin which fills the deadspace of a syringe and needle. Small but statistically significant errors were also produced in PO2 and pH by this heparin concentration. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed and certain measures outlined to avoid such errors. PMID- 31105 TI - [Hemodynamic study of the combination of beta-blocking agents and central analgesics: practical consequences in surgery]. PMID- 31106 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of equipotent doses of phenoperidine and fentanyl in man]. AB - The haemodynamic effects of phenoperidine and fentanyl were studied in ten patients with craniocerebral trauma who presented no surgical indications. They were all mechanically ventilated with a constant tidal volume and rate and their cardiovascular state was stable. The patients were given 5 gamma/kg of fentanyl intravenously; the haemodynamic measurements were performed at two mn interval for 20 mn. Three hours later, the patients were given 30 gamma/kg of phenoperidine intravenously and the haemodynamic measurements were performed similarly. Phenoperidine and fentanyl had the same effects: a significant fall in heart rate, mean arterial pressure and cardiac index without any change in pulmonary wedge pressure. These changes do not dangerously alter the haemodynamic condition of the patients and thus are not a contra-indication to the general use of phenoperidine and fentanyl in anaesthetic practice and in intensive care. PMID- 31107 TI - [Clinical and gasometric study of low dose administration of naloxone in the child in the postoperative period in 20 cases]. PMID- 31108 TI - Effects of testosterone upon feeding in male mice. AB - Food intake and pattern of feeding were recorded in intact and castrate male mice. Intact adults are larger and eat more than pre-pubertal castrates, due to rapid growth at puberty. Castration in adulthood has little effect upon food intake, but feeding becomes concentrated into large, infrequent meals. The change in meal size appears primary and is reversed by testosterone. During rapid growth at puberty, both meal size and frequency are high. It is suggested that testosterone affects feeding in two ways. Rapid weight gain at puberty leads to high meal size and frequency, but in adulthood meal size is depressed. Meal size in adults is further depressed by stimuli from females, and it is argued in this case that testosterone affects a general mechanism for altering feeding when other activities have a high priority. PMID- 31109 TI - [Antipsychotic neuroplegic and neuroleptic agents. III. Phenothiazines (2nd part)]. PMID- 31110 TI - [Thrombolysis: biochemical basis of fibrinolysis. Fibrinogen]. AB - Fibrinogen is synthetised in the parenchymatous cells of the liver. It is broken down in the plasma by cells equipped with the appropriate enzymes. The fibrinogen molecule is a dimer with a molecular weight of 340,000. Each monomer consists of three polypeptidie chains (alpha A, beta B and gamma) joined by disulphide bridges. The N-terminal region is rigid and constitutes the N-DSK (N-disulphide knot) around which the three C-terminal free extremities are rolled, thereby giving a symmetry and spherical form to the molecule. The existence of several types of alpha A chains explains their important role in polymerisation. PMID- 31111 TI - [Action of proteolytic enzymes on fibrinogen]. AB - The principal substrate of protealytic enzymes is fibrinogen. Thrombin severs four ARG-GLY bonds in the alpha A and beta B chains of its molecule, on the side of the terminal-N. It thus liberates two fibrinopeptides A and B, and leads to the formation of fibrin. Plasmin, by contrast, acts upon the fibrinogen molecule first by hydrolysis of the alpha and beta chains liberating the X fragment and three peptides A, B and C. It continues on the alpha, beta and gamma chains of fragment X, leading to the appearance of fragments Y and D. Fragment Y is in turn hydrolysed into a second fragment D and fragment E. The initial (X and Y) or terminal (D and E) fibrinogen breakdown products each possess their own anticoagulant properties together with immunological properties which may be used in their estimation. PMID- 31112 TI - [Enzymatic fibrinolytic agents]. AB - Urokinase (UK) and streptokinase (SK) transform plasminogen into plasmin by rupture of a ARG-VAL bond and the liberation of a peptide with a molecular weight of 6000 to 8000. Urokinase is a physiological activator with a direct action. By contrast, streptokinase is an enzyme of bacterial origin and two hypotheses may be advanced to explain its mechanism of action: the formation of a SK-plasminogen complex capable of activatiing new molecules of plasminogen or the formation of a SK-plasminogen complex within which plasminogen is transformed to plasmin. PMID- 31113 TI - [Non-enzymatic fibrinolytic agents]. AB - Non-enzyme fibrinolytic agents include pharmacological agents which are active in vivo but inactive in vitro and synthetic chemical compounds which when added to blood or plasma in vitro directly induce fibrinolysis. There are a number of drugs with a short duration of action such as adrenalin, nicotinic acid, vasopressin and histamine. Vasoactive drugs probably act by stimulating the liberation of vascular activator. The effect of nicotinic acid is rapidly exhausted when injections are repeated. By contrast, the biguanides and certain anabolic steroids are capable of exerting a long term stimulation of endogenous fibrinolysis. Amongst these substances, phenformin, metformin, ethyloestrenol, stanozolol and a new substance, moroxydine chloride, have been studied. The biguanides appear to be capable of exerting an effect upon the synthesis and liberation of plasminogen vascular activator. The combination of an anabolic steroid and a biguanide would appear to be the most powerful. These various drugs have been used with success in cases of recurrent venous thrombosis in patients with an abnormally low level of plasminogen activator in the venous walls and/or low fibrinolytic activity after venous stasis. Chemical fibrinolytic agents were studied only in vitro, since the use of these substances in human therapeutics would seem to be still difficult in view of the fact that they are active only in a narrow range of concentrations. PMID- 31114 TI - [Fibrinolysis]. AB - A large number of methods may be used in the study of fibrinolysis. They are either so-called direct when they demonstrate abnormal lytic activity and indirect when they analyse the results of this activity. In practical terms, the examinations used most widely are the euglobulin lysis test, evaluation of the plasminogenplasmin pair, and estimations of fibrinogen and of its breakdown products. PMID- 31115 TI - [Thrombolytic treatment (theoretical basis, therapeutic protocols, monitoring)]. AB - Thrombolytic therapy is aimed at dissolving thrombi. Streptokinase (SK) and urokinase (UK) are currently used in France but their mode of action has not been completely elucidated, which renders the establishment of therapeutic protocols and the choice of doses difficult. This treatment has a certain number of contraindications which must be strictly respected. The effectiveness of SK and UK in high doses has been demonstrated, in particular in pulmonary embolism and acute arterial obstruction of the limbs, but there is a risk of haemorrhage, whilst UK in moderate doses is usually well tolerated but has yet to prove its effectiveness in randomised double blind trials. Laboratory control has been simplified but it is essential not to forget the importance of clinical monytoring. Finally, drugs have recently been used in association with thrombolytics and more particularly the administration of plasminogen or defibrinating agents before or after thrombolytics. PMID- 31116 TI - [Streptokinase in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism]. AB - Fifty-two deep venous thromboses and 35 pulmonary emboli were treated by Streptokinase administered in accordance with a standard protocol. Radiological examinations revealed total lysis of clots in 22 cases, partial lysis in 42 and failure in 23. The latter more commonly involved venous clots than pulmonary emboli. Early treatment was more effective (21 total lyses out of 22) than late treatment. However, in venous thrombosis, late treatment may give partial lysis and free important venous junctions. With standard treatment, lysis was biologically correct in 70 p. 100 of cases. It was inadequate in 20 p 100 of cases and nil in 10 p. 100 of cases. The results could thus have been improved by treatment established and adjusted in the light of laboratory results. The extent of the thrombosis played an important role. Total lysis was obtained in 9 out of 10 cases of localised deep venous thrombosis. In pulmonary embolism there was an average gain of approximately 30 p. 100 in obstructed surface area. However, in these latter cases, it is important to take into account not only the pulmonary surface area obstructed but also the origin of the clots. PMID- 31117 TI - [The treatment of myocardial infarct with streptokinase]. AB - The current situation concerning the use of Streptokinase in the treatment of recent myocardial infarction does not make it possible to draw any definite conclusions with regard to its therapeutic value:--mortality would not appear to be significantly modified in the majority of series;--the occurrence rate of major complications during the acute phase is not notably altered but it seems possible that the electrocardiographic course of the necrosis is more favourable under the influence of Streptokinase when treatment is begun early. The long term course cannot be assessed. Finally, it is certain that the tolerance of Streptokinase therapy has been good in all the published series. In particular, Streptokinase does not appear to have been associated with severe haemorrhagic complications nor a higher prevalence of cardiac rupture. PMID- 31118 TI - [Moderate doses of urokinase (UK) in the treatment of myocardial infarct and pulmonary embolism]. AB - Since 1972, UK in moderate doses have been used in the treatment of severe or massive pulmonary emboli (PE) and of myocardial infarction (MI) present for less than 24 hours. The standard dose is 2,700,000 CTA units per 24 hours administered as a continuous infusion, in association with appropriate heparin therapy and a platelet anti-aggregant agent in order to palliate the hyperagregant effects of thrombolytic drugs. Laboratory surveillance has now been greatly simplified and is limited to that of the associated heparin therapy. In the acute phase of myocardial infarction, a personal randomised study of 120 cases consisting of 60 treated with heparin + UK and 60 with heparin alone showed that UK decreased mortality, cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac failure. Comparative studies at lower doses have failed to show any significant difference between the two groups of patients treated and the authors feel that the use of UK should be reserved for very recent infarctions in young subjects. In PE, the effectiveness of UK was assessed in 180 severe cases. It depended upon the length of time for which the thrombus had been present. Before the 5th day, there was early average revascularisation of 40 p. 100 of the avascular territory. Mortality was reduced to 15 p. 100 and at the 3rd week 32 p. 100 of the survivors had complete revascularisation, and 68 p. 100 partial but adequate revascularisation. Adjuvant therapy such as a combination of Lysil Plasminogen and/or defibrinating agent currently make it possible to reinforce therapeutic thrombolysis. PMID- 31119 TI - [Thrombolytic treatment of arteriopathies]. AB - Systemic streptokinase has shown its effectiveness in the treatment of recent arterial obstruction of the limbs. The haemorrhagic and embolic complications of this type of treatment nevertheless limit its indications. Streptokinase should be reserved for acute thromboses present for less than two months, and responsible for severe ischaemia without the possibility of surgical treatment. The intra-arterial administration of urokinase limits the risks of systemic fibrinolysis, though the effectiveness of the therapeutic protocols proposed has yet to be demonstrated. PMID- 31120 TI - Management of benign disease of the breast. PMID- 31121 TI - The spectrum of vasculitis: clinical, pathologic, immunologic and therapeutic considerations. AB - Vasculitis is a clinicopathologic process characterized by inflammation and necrosis of blood vessels. Certain disorders have vasculitis as the predominant and most obvious manifestation, whereas others have various degrees of vasculitis in association with other primary disorders. Within the entire spectrum of vasculitis virtually any size or type of blood vessel in any organ system can be involved. Most of the vasculitides can be associated directly or indirectly with immunopathogenic mechanisms. In this regard, immune complex mediation is being increasingly recognized as the underlying mechanism in several of the vasculitides. With clinical, pathologic, and immunologic criteria, certain vasculitic disorders can be clearly recognized and categorized as distinct entities, whereas in others there is an overlap of different diseases within a broader category. In recent years, several of the more serious vasculitides, such as Wegener's granulomatosis and the systemic necrotizing vasculitides of the polyarteritis nodosa group, which formerly had extremely poor prognoses, have been shown to be extraordinarily responsive to chronic low-dose cytotoxic therapy, particularly cyclophosphamide. PMID- 31122 TI - Trends in bacterial virulence and antibiotic susceptibility: streptococci, pneumococci, and gonococci. AB - Antibiotic usage and improved living conditions may have contributed to a dilution of "rheumatogenic" strains of group A streptococci and to their replacement by attenuated streptococci with less rheumatogenic potential. Whether this is due to decreased virulence or to loss of specific bacterial antigens or toxins in prevalent strains is not yet known. The pneumococcus, which has been moderately resistant to antibiotics only in isolated cases, has appeared in South Africa in strains that are highly resistant to at least five major antibiotics; plasmid transmission of resistance is suspected. The newly available pneumococcal vaccine may become very important if such strains spread. Gonococci isolated from urogenital lesions have developed only moderate drug resistance. Gonococci causing disseminated infection have retained their exquisite sensitivity to penicillin; the most virulent strains are associated with greatest sensitivity. However, the newly discovered penicillinase-plasmid in gonococci is transferable to these virulent strains as readily as to others. PMID- 31123 TI - Protective environment for marrow transplant recipients: a prospective study. AB - Laminar air flow isolation and decontamination procedures were evaluated in a prospective randomized study in patients with aplastic anemia or acute leukemia undergoing marrow transplantation from HLA-matched siblings. Patients transplanted in the laminar air flow group had significantly less septicemia and major local infections than did patients in the control group. Nineteen of 46 laminar air flow patients and six of 44 control patients are alive at present. In patients with aplastic anemia the survival was 13 of 17 in the laminar air flow group compared with four of 17 in the control group. In patients with acute leukemia the survival was six of 29 in the laminar air flow group versus two of 27 in the control group. These differences were not statistically significant. Death in both the laminar air flow and control groups was predominantly due to interstitial pneumonitis or recurrent leukemia, which were unaffected by isolation and decontamination. PMID- 31124 TI - [Process of fumigatin and spinulosin formation by Aspergillus fumigatus Fres and polarographic assay of these toxins (author's transl)]. AB - A strain of Aspergillus fumigatus (Fresenius) isolated from a milk food for calves was grown on a culture medium containing added saccharose. The purpose was to study the synthesis of two recently discovered mycotoxins, fumigatin and spinulosin. The work was performed under many different conditions of temperature, pH and inoculum. These mycotoxins were measured by analytical differential pulse polarography. Correlations were observed between the growth rate of A. fumigatus and variation in pH of the medium and the formation of fumigatin, which is only possible when pH falls to less than 4.0. Fumigatin appears promptly at the beginning of the growth phase of the fungus but quickly disappears. The production of metabolite depends on limited conditions of culture. Spinulosin, very similar to fumigatin, is substituted for fumigatin in slightly different conditions. During growth, the fungus degrades both metabolites. The nature of the substitution and the reason of these modifications have not been investigated. Fumigatin and spinulosin formation is observed in both toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains. PMID- 31125 TI - Progesterone: its role in the central nervous system as a facilitator and inhibitor of sexual behavior and gonadotropin release. PMID- 31126 TI - Trimolol: effect on intraocular pressure in chronic open-angle glaucoma. AB - Timolol maleate is an effective agent of reducing intraocular pressure in patients with chronic open-angle glaucoma. To date, there are no adverse side effects demonstrable with use of this medication. Its mechanism of action is not clearly delineated but preliminary data suggest an effect on outflow facility. PMID- 31127 TI - The "usefulness" product: concern for cupping, control, and compliance. PMID- 31128 TI - Cyclic pharyngeal lymphoiditis: immunological considerations. AB - This communication presents the concept that recurrent infections of the lingual tonsils, lateral pharyngeal lymphoid bands and lymphoid follicles on the posterior pharyngeal wall, occurring with the same periodicity, is a cyclic clinical and immunological entity. These patients lacked resistance to the normal flora of the nasopharynx and pharynx. They were accordingly treated with a mixed respiratory bacterial vaccine, administered intradermally and according to a formulated program, to improve resistance or immunity of the lymphoid tissue. These patients showed definite improvement by this method of therapy. It is suggested that the effectiveness of therapy was accomplished through the immunological process of cell-mediated immunity. The immunobiologic development of cell-mediated immunity by T thymic-dependent cells and humoral immunity by B cells is briefly discussed. PMID- 31129 TI - Optimal conditions for the estimation of ammonium by the Berthelot reaction. AB - A technique for optimising reagent concentrations on the AutoAnalyzer has been applied to the estimation of ammonia by the Berthelot reaction in the determination of urea and organic nitrogen. Comparison of the use of phenol and salicylate revealed that the optimum concentration of the latter is about four times that of the former. The optimum concentration of hypochlorite is five times greater with salicylate than with phenol, and for the catalyst, sodium nitroprusside, the factor is two. The precision obtained with the different methods is similar. PMID- 31130 TI - Neuropharmacological intervention on the pituitary-hypothalamic relationship. PMID- 31131 TI - [Dopamine, GABA-PIF and in vitro regulation of prolactin secretion in the rat (proceedings) (author's transl)]. PMID- 31132 TI - Depression of synaptic transmission by diphenylhydantoin. AB - Diphenylhydantoin (phenytoin, DPH) depresses synaptic transmission at the frog neuromuscular synapse by presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. In normal Ringer's solution the amplitude of the neurally evoked end-plate potentials and their quantal content are reduced. Somewhat paradoxically, miniature end-plate potential (mepp) frequency is increased by the drug. These effects could result if DPH blocked both calcium transport at the axonal membrane and intracellular calcium sequestration. Mepp amplitude is reduced, and DPH also induces nerve conduction block at high rates of stimulation. The relevance of these effects to the anticonvulsive activity of DPH is discussed. PMID- 31133 TI - Niemann-Pick disease type D: lipid analyses and studies on sphingomyelinases. AB - Lipids and sphingomyelinase activity were studied in spleen, liver, and brain tissues of a 13-year-old boy with Niemann-Pick disease type D (NPD-D). The greatest lipid changes occurred in spleen; cholesterol, cholesterol esters, total phospholipids, sphingomyelin, and bis-(monoacylglyceryl)phosphate were increased above normal range. In liver, striking increases were observed in cholesterol and bis-(monoacylglyceryl)phosphate. Minor changes in neutral and acidic glycolipid patterns occurred in liver, spleen, and brain. Sphingomyelinase activity (optimal at pH 5.0) was elevated above mean control levels in liver and spleen, but not in brain, kidney, or leukocytes. Enzyme properties were generally normal. Activity of NPD-D liver crude homogenate, but not that of normal liver homogenates, was inhibited at high protein concentrations. Activity levels of a second sphingomyelinase, optimal at pH 7.4, in NPD-D brain were apparently normal. These findings are generally consistent with the classification of NPD-D as a sphingomyelin lipidosis. PMID- 31134 TI - 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Neurological Association Jun 20--22, 1977, Palmer House, Chicago. PMID- 31135 TI - Importance of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Six of 36 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated in our laboratory during 1977 showed relative resistance to penicillin G. This level of resistance was detectable only by the broth dilution method. Using the disk diffusion method, all six strains appeared susceptible (zone size > 29 mm). PMID- 31136 TI - Heme-linked ionization in compounds I and II of horseradish peroxidases A2 and C. PMID- 31137 TI - A nitrilotriacetic acid monooxygenase with conditional NADH-oxidase activity. PMID- 31138 TI - Rabbit brain purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Physical and chemical properties. Inhibition studies with aminopterin, folic acid and structurally related compounds. PMID- 31139 TI - Use of sulfasalazine in dermatitis herpetiformis in young people. PMID- 31140 TI - Localization of transglutaminase in adult chicken epidermis. PMID- 31141 TI - Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase levels in arthritis: a correlation with clinical and laboratory indices of disease activity. AB - Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) was measured in 62 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 27 with osteoarthrosis (OA). The values for GGTP were significantly higher in the subjects with RA compared with the OA group. The prevalence of elevation of GGTP was higher in the RA subjects (77%) than in the OA patients (33%). Levels of GGTP correlated significantly with a number of objective indices of activity of RA in a separate group of 28 patients. Following treatment with penicillamine, GGTP levels showed a significant drop towards normal levels. PMID- 31142 TI - Heberden Society: combined meeting with the British Orthopaedic Research Society, London, March, 1978 [abstracts]. PMID- 31143 TI - Hyperprolactinemia and the multiple endocrine adenomatosis type 1 (MEA-1) syndrome. PMID- 31144 TI - Hyperprolactinemia in multiple endocrine adenomatosis, type 1. AB - Three cases are described in which hyperprolactinemia occurred as a feature of multiple endocrine adenomatosis, type 1 (MEA-1); enlargement of the sella turcica varied from gross to absent, and serum prolactin (PRL) levels ranged from 21 to 1,000 ng/ml in these cases. Since PRL-secreting pituitary tumors may occur with variable presentation in MEA-1, periodic measurements of serum PRL levels should be carried out to detect this abnormality. PMID- 31145 TI - Nitrogen assimilation in Rhodopseudomonas acidophila. AB - Rhodopseudomonas acidophila strain 7050 assimilated ammonia via a constitutive glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase enzyme system. Glutamine synthetase had a Km for NH+4 of 0.38 mM whilst the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide linked glutamate synthase had a Km for glutamine of 0.55 mM. R. acidophila utilized only a limited range of amino acids as sole nitrogen sources: L-alanine, glutamine and asparagine. The bacterium did not grow on glutamate as sole nitrogen source and lacked glutamate dehydrogenase. When R. acidophila was grown on L-alanine as the sole nitrogen source in the absence of N2 low levels of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide linked L-alanine dehydrogenase were produced. It is concluded, therefore, that this reaction was not a significant route of ammonia assimilation in this bacterium except when glutamine synthetase was inhibited by methionine sulphoximine. In L-alanine grown cells the presence of an active alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase and, on occasions, low levels of an alanine oxaloacetate aminotransferase were detected. Alanine-2-oxo-glutarate aminotransferase could not be demonstrated in this bacterium. PMID- 31146 TI - Studies of relationship among terrestrial Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, and enterobacteria by an immunological comparison of glutamine synthetase. AB - Antibody to purified glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli was prepared and used for an immunological comparison of glutamine synthetases from species of Salmonella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia, Proteus, Erwinia, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Xanthomonas, Alcaligenes, and Paracoccus. The results of Ouchterlony double diffusion experiments and quantitative microcomplement fixation studies indicated that the amino acid sequence of this enzyme was highly conserved in different organisms. The order of relationship to E. coli was found to be similar to that derived from immunological investigations of other enzymes. In addition, congruence was observed between ribosomal RNA homology and the results of the microcomplement fixation experiments. The results also suggested that some species of Alcaligenes were more closely related to species of Pseudomonas than to each other. Immunological comparisons of glutamine synthetases appear to be very useful for the elucidation of relationships among distantly related species and genera. PMID- 31147 TI - Hydrolysis and synthesis of ATP by membrane-bound ATPase from a motile Streptococcus. AB - ATPase was detected in the membranes of a motile Streptococcus. Maximal enzymic activity was observed at pH 8 and ATP/Mg2+ ratio of 2. Mn2+ and Ca2+ could replace Mg2+ to some extent. Besides ATP, GTP and ITP were substrates. The enzyme was inhibited by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide but not by sodium azide, uncouplers or bathophenanthroline. An electrochemical gradient of protons, which was artificially imposed across the membranes of Streptococcus cells by manipulation of either the K+ diffusion potential or the transmembrane pH gradient, led to ATP synthesis. ATP synthesis was abolished by proton conductors, an inhibitor of the ATPase or an increase in the extracellular K+ concentration. A comparison between the phosphate potential and the electrochemical proton gradient showed that the data found are in agreement with a stoichiometry of 2 protons translocated per molecule ATP synthesized. PMID- 31148 TI - Uptake and metabolism of alpha-aminoadipic acid by Penicillium chrysogenum Wis 54 1255. AB - The uptake of 1-14C-DL-alpha-aminoadipate in resting mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum Wis 54-1255 and its metabolism during benzylpenicillin formation were studied. The pH optimum for uptake at 25 degrees C was 6.4. Over a range of concentrations from 0.01--1.0 mM, approximately 45% of 1-14C-DL-alpha aminoadipate was taken up by carbon-starved mycelium. 14CO2 was formed at a low rate, and the total formed amounted to only 1--3% of the 1-14C-DL-alpha aminoadipate supplied. The intracellular pool of alpha-aminoadipate appears to be expandable, depending on the concentration of alpha-aminoadipate in the medium. The rate of penicillin synthesis depended on the intracellular concentration of alpha-aminoadipate. Penicillin biosynthesis achieved half of the maximum rate at an intracellular concentration of 0.06 nmol alpha-aminoadipate/mg dry cell weight. This low concentration, the result of adding 0.01 mM DL-alpha aminoadipate to the medium, was sufficient to reverse the inhibition of penicillin biosynthesis caused by 10 mM extracellular L-lysine. Aminoadipate appears to be recycled during penicillin formation. Labeled alpha-ketoadipate was formed from alpha-aminoadipate to the extent of about 25%. PMID- 31149 TI - Inosine nucleosidase from Azotobacter vinelandii. Purification and properties. AB - An enzyme catalyzing the hydrolysis of purine nucleosides was found to occur in the extract of Azotobacter vinelandii, strain O, and was highly purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. A strict substrate specificity of the purified enzyme was shown with respect to the base components. The enzyme specifically attacked the nucleosides without amino groups in the purine moiety: inosine gave the maximum rate of hydrolysis and xanthosine was hydrolyzed to a lesser extent. The pH optimum of inosine hydrolysis was observed from pH 7 to 9, while xanthosine was hydrolyzed maximally at pH 7. The Km values of the enzyme for inosine were 0.65 and 0.85 mM at pH 7.1 and 9.0, respectively, and the value for xanthosine was 1.2 mM at pH 7.1. Several nucleotides inhibited the enzyme: the phosphate portions of the nucleotides were suggested to be responsible for the inhibition by nucleotides. Although the inhibition of the enzyme by nucleotides was apparently non-competitive type with respect to inosine, allosteric (cooperative) binding of the substrate was suggested in the presence of the inhibitor. The physiological significance of the enzyme was discussed in connection with the degradation and salvage pathways of purine nucleotides. PMID- 31150 TI - [The oscillation frequency of FHR: its dependence from base-line level during the last 30 minutes of labour (author's transl)]. PMID- 31151 TI - [The influence of umbilical cord structure on the course of pregnancy and parturition (author's transl)]. AB - A series of 549 not selected placentas and umbilical cords were examined to show the influence of the different development of the umbilical cord structure on the umbilical cord perfusion and the course of parturition. For this purpose the quantity of Wharton's jelly, the spiraling of the umbilical vessels as well as the length of the cord are defined. At the same time anatomical pecularities and complications like umbilical cord torsions and true knots are considered. To judge the decisive condition of the newborn and with that the course of parturition, the pH-value of umbilical artery blood is determined. The analysis results that umbilical cords with much Wharton's jelly and with spiraling vessels are converted into an association with extremely better value than those with little jelly and less spiraling vessels. Short and rich jellied umbilical cords show a significantly lower incidence of loops around the fetal body. A similar trend can be demonstrated for umbilical cords with strong spiraling arteries. Rare phenomena like velamentous insertion, haematomas, edemas and true knots of the cords etc. proved to have no influence on the course of parturition in our relatively small examination series. PMID- 31152 TI - Effects of group systematic desensitization on female orgasmic dysfunction. AB - This study investigated the impact of group systematic desensitization (SD) on varied aspects of sexual functioning in primary and secondary nonorgasmic women. After serving as their own controls, 22 women (eight primary, 14 secondary) received 15 sessions of group SD using four common hierarchies of sexual scenes. The measures were administered to each subject and her regular sex partner at each of the testing periods. Significant positive treatment effects were found on measures of general and specific sexual adjustment and in extracoital orgasmic frequency. Treatment also enhanced sexual communication among subjects and their partners, increased the females' acceptance of their mates as being satisfactory sexual partners, and increased the females' self-acceptance as sexual beings. All but one of the treatment effects (degree of pleasure experienced during extracoital stimulation) were maintained at the 6-week follow-up. Secondary subjects reported significantly greater pleasure from coital and extracoital stimulation and significantly increased frequency of orgasm in response to extracoital stimulation than primary subjects. Primary and secondary subjects did not differ in their evaluation of the experiment. The need for controlled comparative treatment investigations is stressed. PMID- 31153 TI - Detoxication methods for bromureide poisoning. Comparison of haemodialysis, haemofiltration and haemoperfusion on bastard dogs. AB - The efficiency of different detoxication methods for Carbromal intoxications was evaluated on bastard dogs using haemofiltration, haemodialysis and haemoperfusion with coated charcoal and polystyrene resins. Clearance rates and eliminated amounts of Carbromal and bromine were compared. Haemoperfusion is most effective in the elimination of Carbromal and haemodialysis for removal of bromide ions. Haemofiltration was least effective for both and should therefore not be used for the treatment of Carbromal intoxications. PMID- 31154 TI - [On the toxicology of carbromal. IV. Binding of carbromal and its hypnotically active metabolites to human plasma proteins (author's transl)]. AB - The binding of carbromal and its metabolites bromoethylbutyramide and ethylbutyrylurea to human plasma proteins was investigated in vitro by use of Sephadex-gelfiltration, equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration. No differences appeared in the binding characteristics of human plasma and of human albumine. In a concentration range between 3.10-8 and 1.5.10-6 moles/ml about 40% of the carbromal, and in a concentration range between 3.10-8 and 1.10-5 moles/ml about 30% of the bromoethylbutyramide are bound to plasma proteins. Proteinbinding of ethylbutyrylurea was found to be less than 5%. The binding constants, Ka, to human albumine and the binding energies deltaF 0 were found to be in the range of 0.5--1.2.10(3) L/Mol and 1.7--4.4 kcal/Mol, respectively. Protein binding of carbromal, bromoethylbutyramide, their chlorinated analgous compounds, chloroethylbutyrylurea and chloroethylbutyramide, and of ethylbutyrylurea is strongly correlated to the partition coefficients of these compounds between n octanol and water, indicating that the intensity of proteinbinding depends on the hydrophobic character of the substances tested. PMID- 31155 TI - Behavioral sequelae of closed head injury. A quantitative study. AB - We determined the profile of behavioral disturbance in relation to closed head injury of graded severity. Patients with severe injuries, as defined by duration of coma and the presence of neurological deficit, were differentiated from a group of mildly injured patients by behavioral ratings that reflected cognitive disorganization, emotional withdrawal, and motor retardation. Neurologic measurements of injury related to the severity of behavioral disturbance included hemiparesis, aphasia, and abnormalities on computerized axial tomography. Agitation during the acute phase of injury was also predictive of residual behavioral disturbance. Hemispheric lateralization of the site of greatest injury had no discernible effect on behavioral sequelae. PMID- 31156 TI - Growth inhibition of Streptococcus mutans by the black pigment (haematin) of Bacteroides melaninogenicus. PMID- 31157 TI - [Current possibilities for analysis of etilefrin]. PMID- 31158 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies in monkeys after oral and intravenous administration of bromides and bromine-containing metabolites]. PMID- 31159 TI - 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate in arterial and venous blood in normal individuals and in those with respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 31160 TI - Some properties of (Na+--K+)-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase from human erythrocytes. PMID- 31161 TI - Acetyl-DL-phenylalanine beta-naphthyl esterase activity in human muscle disease. PMID- 31162 TI - Modulation by substrate and cations of guanylate cyclase activity in detergent dispersed plasma membranes from rat adipocytes. PMID- 31163 TI - Interactions of adrenergic compounds with brain membrane constituents. PMID- 31164 TI - Inhibition by adriamycin of a metmyoglobin reductase from beef heart. PMID- 31165 TI - [Prinzmetal's angina. Considerations on a clinical case]. PMID- 31166 TI - Premedication with lorazepam for bronchoscopy under general anaesthesia. AB - Lorazepam 3 or 4 mg i.m. was given to 100 patients as premedication before bronchoscopy under thiopentone-suxamethonium anaesthesia. Forty-nine of the patients assessed as anxious received oral lorazepam as preoperative night sedation also. Lorazepam was an effective night sedative. Forty-two of the 49 patients slept well and were calm and co-operative in the morning. Following the i.m. injection of lorazepam, 64% of patients had complete lack of recall for 4- 10 h following premedication. Only 5% recalled correctly a simple objective test of memory initiated in the anaesthetic room. The frequency of recall was higher in those who consumed alcohol regularly and in females. There was one case of awareness during bronchoscopy in a patient who received only a small dose of lorazepam (2.8 mg per 70 kg). Side-effects were minimal and patient acceptance was impressive. These results show an advance on previous studies using pethidine and diazepam. Further improvement is needed, particularly in adjusting the dose of lorazepam to body weight and to factors such as age, sex and alcohol intake. PMID- 31167 TI - Effect of intravenous infusion of betasympathomimetic agents on plasma renin activity during pregnancy. AB - The plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured in 26 pregnant patients before and during ritodrine infusion (10 patients), during isoxsuprine infusion (12 patients), and during glucose infusion (4 control patients). All patients were in the third trimester of pregnancy, not in labour and not hypertensive. A low dose of ritodrine, a beta2 adrenergic agent, caused a rise of PRA but no simultaneous rise in heart rate; this suggests that beta2 activity is involved in renin release. Normal doses of ritodrine and isoxsuprine increased the maternal heart rate to 110 to 120 beats/minute and also doubled the PRA level. Two hours after the end of the ritodrine infusion the PRA level was still above that before the infusion. The results suggest high reserves of renin during pregnancy. PMID- 31168 TI - Absorption of magnesium by the young steer. AB - 1. Steers with rumen and simple duodenal cannulas were allowed to graze pasture or were given diets of dried grass or flaked maize with or without hay. For an experiment a solution or suspension of magnesium chloride, polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 4000) and either 144Ce (as cerous chloride) or chromic oxide was added to the rumen with a morning feed. Conditions in the rumen were sometimes modified by adding sodium chloride or hydrochloric acid. 2. Changes in magnesium:marker in samples of strained rumen contents with time interval after adding the dose were due partly to changes in Mg distribution between different phases. Results indicated, but not unequivocably, that negligible amounts of Mg were absorbed in the first few hours. 3. Relative recoveries of Mg and markers at the duodenum indicated that proportions of Mg intake absorbed (net) varied from approximately zero for pasture to 0.2--0.5 for flaked maize. Significant correlations between absorption efficiency and sodium:potassium in rumen contents (positive) and rumen pH (negative) were observed. 4. Steers with simple duodenal and re-entrant ileal cannulas were given a diet of flaked maize and hay supplemented with different amounts of magnesium oxide. Little net change in Mg relative to an unabsorbed marker was found between these sites even for a diet containing an Mg supplement of 8 g/kg dry matter. PMID- 31169 TI - Role of tyrosyl and arginyl residues in rat liver microsomal stearylcoenzyme A desaturase. PMID- 31170 TI - Electrophoretic mobilities and diffusion coefficients of hemoglobin at high pH. AB - Diffusion studies by photon correlation of scattered laser light confirm the dissociation of the tetrameric form of human carboxyhemoglobin to dimers above pH 10 and provide new estimates of the subunit dissociation equilibrium constants in this pH range. Electrophoretic light-scattering experiments under the same conditions reveal that the electrophoretic mobilities of tetramers and dimers are indistinguishable to within instrumental resolution (ca. 7% in these experiments). The data imply an increase of the electrical charge on the dimer of at least 2.8 to 4.4 net negative charges upon dissociation. Mechanisms for the accumulation of negative charge by the dimer upon dissociation of the tetramer are proposed. PMID- 31171 TI - Evidence from hydrogen-1 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies that the dissociation rate of oxytocin from bovine neurophysin at neutral pH is slow. PMID- 31172 TI - Respiration-dependent proton translocation and the transport of nitrate and nitrite in Paracoccus denitrificans and other denitrifying bacteria. PMID- 31173 TI - The polymorphic phase behaviour of phosphatidylethanolamines of natural and synthetic origin. A 31P NMR study. AB - 1. The polymorphic phase behaviour of aqueous dispersions of phosphatidylethanolamines isolated from human erythrocytes, hen egg yolk and Escherichia coli have been investigated employing 31P NMR techniques. All species exhibit well defined, reversible bilayer to hexagonal (H11) phase transitions as the temperature is increased. The temperatures at which these transition take place (10, 25--30 and 55--60 degrees C for erythrocyte, egg yolk and E. coli phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively) are sensitive to the fatty acid composition, occurring at a temperature up to 10 degrees C above the high temperature end of the hydrocarbon phase transition as detected by differential scanning calorimetry. In some cases the bilayer to hexagonal (H11) transitions may also be detected employing calorimetric techniques. 2. The addition of equimolar concentrations of cholesterol to these naturally occurring phosphatidylethanolamines does not dramatically affect the bilayer-hexagonal (H11) transition temperature, producing changes of up to 10 degrees C. 3. 18 : 1t/18 : 1t phosphatidylethanolamine undergoes the bilayer to hexagonal (H11) phase transition as the temperature is increased through the interval 50--55 degrees C. Alternatively, hydrated 12 : 0/12 : 0 phosphatidylethanolamine remains in the bilayer phase at temperatures up to 90 degrees C (50 degrees C above the hydrocarbon phase transition temperature). 4. The presence of 100 mM NaCl or 10 mM CaCl2 in aqueous dispersions of egg yolk phosphatidylethanolamine does not alter the temperature-dependent polymorphic phase behaviour significantly. However, at 40 degrees C, increasing the p2H above 8.0 results in progressive inhibition of the hexagonal (H11) phase and the appearance of a phase possibly of cubic structure at p2H 9.0. At p2H 10.0 the bilayer phase is preferred. 5. It is suggested that in biomembranes containing phosphatidylethanolamine as a majority species (such as that of E. coli) the fatty acid composition may primarily reflect the need to maintain bilayer structure. Alternatively, it is pointed out that in mammalian membranes such as that of the erythrocyte, phosphatidylethanolamine tends to destabilize bilayer structure. The resulting possibility that transitory non-bilayer lipid configurations may occur may be directly related to many important properties of biological membranes. PMID- 31174 TI - Bacteriorhodopsin vesicles. An outline of the requirements for light-dependent H+ pumping. AB - A systematic study was performed to determine under which conditions bacteriorhodopsin can be applied as an energy generator in reconstituted systems. It is concluded that reconstitution of an active light-driven proton pump is possible over a wide range of conditions. High extents (per bacteriorhodopsin molecule) of proton uptake by reconstituted vesicles are found at a high lipid to protein ratio, after long sonication and at high pH. No active proton pump is obtained if reconstitution is attempted at high pH with neutral phospholipids or at low ionic strength with negatively charged lipids. Attention was also paid to the requirement of a crystalline array for active pumping; most likely, monomeric bacteriorhodopsin molecules can effectively pump protons. PMID- 31175 TI - Na+-dependent methyl beta-thiogalactoside transport in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - We have studied the role of sodium ions in methyl beta-thiogalactoside (TMG) transport via the melibiose permease (TMG II) in Salmonella typhimurium. TMG uptake via TMG II in anaerobic, straved and metabolically poisoned cells is dependent on an inward-directed Na+ gradient. Cells which have been partially depleted of endogenous substrates show H+ extrusion upon sodium-stimulated TMG influx. Measurements of the electrochemical H+ gradient in cells, starved in different ways for endogenous substrates, suggest that this proton extrusion is probably not linked to the actual translocation mechanism but is the result of metabolism induced by TMG plug Na+ uptake. PMID- 31176 TI - Light-induced pH changes inside bacteriorhodopsin vesicles as measured by 31 P NMR. AB - 31P NMR has been used to measure light-induced pH changes inside bacteriorhodopsin vesicles containing entrapped sodium glucose-6-phosphate. Reversible light-induced pH changes were observed at various pH values. The results indicate that our vesicle preparations were not homogeneous with respect to the generation of pH gradients. PMID- 31177 TI - Hyperanodic forms of human glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - Pure glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP+ 1 oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49) is transformed into 'hyperanodic forms' when incubated at acidic pH and in the presence of NADP+ with excess of glucose-6 phosphate or with some 'NADP+ modifying proteins' purified from the same cells. The enzyme hyperanodic forms exhibit low isoelectric point, altered kinetic properties and high lability to heat, urea, and proteolysis. Differences between hyperanodic and native forms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are also noted by microcomplement fixation analysis, ultraviolet absorbance difference spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum. Drastic denaturation of the enzyme by urea and acid treatment did not suppress the difference of isoelectric point between native and hyperanodic forms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. From our data we suggest that the conversion into hyperanodic forms could be due to the covalent binding on the enzyme of a degradation product of the pyridine nucleotide coenzyme. This modification could constitute a physiological transient step toward the definitive degradation of the enzyme. PMID- 31178 TI - Interaction of pyridoxal 5-phosphate with apo-serine hydroxymethyltransferase. AB - The interaction of pyridoxal 5-phosphate with beef liver serine hydroxymethyltransferase (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:glycine hydroxymethyltransferase, EC 2.1.2.1) has been investigated using sedimentation velocity, kinetic and equilibrium techniques. No evidence for an aggregating system could be found in sedimentation velocity experiments in the presence or absence of pyridoxal 5-phosphate. Reassociation of pyridoxal 5-phosphate with apoenzyme and reacquisition of enzymic activity follow identical kinetics. An initial fast step is followed by a second order process with a rate constant of 66 M-1. s-1. A dissociation constant of 27.5 micrometer was obtained from equilibrium studies. No interaction of binding sites was exposed by altering pH or in the presence of glycine or folate. Maxima observed in pH profiles with both binding and reactivation are interpreted as the composite fo two overlapping processes, one of which is ionization of the pyridinium nitrogen of pyridoxal 5 phosphate and the other a functional group on the apoenzyme. Evidence is presented to indicate the necessity for the formation of an enzyme . pyridoxal 5 phosphate Schiff's base complex during catalytic turnover. PMID- 31179 TI - Influence of pH on butylylcholinesterase reaction with organophosphorus inhibitors. AB - The non-covalent enzyme . inhibitor complex dissociation constants and the enzyme phosphorylation rate constants were measured as functions of pH in butyrylcholinesterase (actylcholine acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8) reaction with organophosphorus inhibitors (C2H5O)2P(O)SX, where X = (CH2)3SC2H5 and (CH2)6S+(CH3)C2H5. Two ionizing groups, a basic and an acidic one, were revealed in the overall reaction of the enzyme inhibition within the pH range between 5 and 10.5. In the enzyme phosphorylation step only the acidic group was found, while the basic group appeared in the non-covalent binding step of both the ionic and non-ionic compounds. The results strongly imply the participation of the basic functional group in the conformation transition which affects the ability of butyrylcholinesterase to bind hydrophobic reagents in the acidic pH region. PMID- 31180 TI - Dimeric nature and amino acid compositions of homogeneous canine prostatic human liver and rat liver acid phosphatase isoenzymes. Specificity and pH-dependence of the canine enzyme. AB - Two isoenzymes of rat liver acid phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum) EC 3.1.3.2) have been purified to homogeneity, at least one of these for the first time. Both of the rat liver isoenzymes have identical specific activities towards p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Molecular weights of the native enzymes are 92 000 for rat liver isoenzyme I and 93 000 for isoenzyme II, while the subunit molecular weights are 51 000 and 52 000 respectively. Data on substrate specificity and pH dependence are presented for the homogeneous canine prostatic enzyme, which is also isolated as a dimeric enzyme of (native) molecular weight 89 000. Carbohydrate analysis data are presented for canine prostatic acid phosphatase and it is further noted that both isoenzymes of rat liver acid phosphatase are also glycoproteins. The amino acid compositions of the two rat liver isoenzymes are presented together with those of the similar dimeric acid phosphatase of human liver and of canine prostate. Comparison of these results with published data for the amino acid composition of human prostatic acid phosphatase shows substantial similarities. However, significant differences are seen in the amino acid composition of rat liver acid phosphatase isoenzyme I as compared to a previous literature report. Most notably, 17 histidine residues are found per mol of isoenzyme I and 18 for isoenzyme II. PMID- 31181 TI - The sulphatase of ox liver. XXI: kinetic studies of the substrate-induced inactivation of sulphatase A. AB - The theoretical basis is given for methods of determining the apparent velocity constant, k*, for the substrate-induced inactivation of sulphatase A (aryl sulphate sulphohydrolase, EC 3.1.6.1) and the initial velocity, vo, of the catalytic reaction. The expression is of the same form as the empirical relationships previously used but the significance of the various terms is clearly established. The method has been applied to the characterisation of the inactivation occurring during the hydrolysis of a number of substrates and it has been shown that k* varies with so in a hyperbolic relationship described by k, a velocity constant at infinite substrate concentrations and by K, a constant analogous to the Michaelis constant. Although K varies considerably for different substrates, and is consistently less than the corresponding Km, k is almost constant at 0.23 min-1. It is therefore suggested that the inactivation of the enzyme does not proceed through an enzyme . substrate complex but through the enzyme . SO2-4 complex produced during the catalytic reaction. The effects of several variables on these parameters are described. PMID- 31182 TI - Reaction of alpha-mannosidase from Phaseolus vulgaris with group-specific reagents. Essential carboxyl groups. AB - When the pKm of alpha-mannosidase was determined at different pH values, the results indicated that ionizable groups with pK values of approx. 3.8 and 5.7 could be essential. Modification with carbodiimide or Woodward's Reagent K abolished the enzyme activity. The substrate analogue, alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, protected the enzyme against inactivation. Incorporation of a 14C-labeled nucleophile reagent in the presence or absence of the analogue suggested that 2- 4 carboxyl groups were protected. Exchange studies indicated that the essential Zn2+ could be bound to such groups. There was no indication that hydroxyl groups, sulphydryl groups, guanidino groups or amino groups take part in the catalytic activity. PMID- 31183 TI - Purification and comparative properties of the glycoprotein nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase from rat liver microsomal and plasma membranes. AB - NAD glycohydrolase, or NADase (NAD+ glycohydrolase, EC 3.2.2.5) was solubilized with porcine pancreatic lipase from isolated fractions of microsomes and plasma membranes obtained from rat livers. The enzyme from each organelle was further purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. The solubilized, partially purified enzymes had similar molecular weights, pH-activity profiles and Km values. Marked charge heterogeneity was observed for the microsomal enzyme on isoelectric focusing between pH 6 and 8 with maximum activity focusing at pH 8.0. Plasma membrane NADase displayed a single peak at pH 6.7. Treatment of the partially purified microsomal or plasma membrane enzyme with neuraminidase resulted in a single peak of activity on isoelectric focusing (pH 3.5--10) with a pI of 9.2. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of either NADase revealed a periodate-Schiff positive band which was coincident with enzyme activity. Compositional analyses of the microsomal enzyme focusing at pH 8.0 confirmed the presence of hexoses, hexosamines and sialic acid. Differences in carbohydrate composition might be important in determining the subcellular distribution of this enzyme. PMID- 31184 TI - Purification and some properties of rat liver tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase. AB - Rat liver cytoplasmic tyrosine:tRNA ligase (tyrosine:tRNA ligase, EC 6.1.1.1) was purified by ultracentrifugation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and repeated phosphocellulose chromatography by more than 1500-fold. The molecular weight of the enzyme was approx. 150 000 as determined by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. On the basis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the enzyme consisted of two subunits, each of 68 000 daltons. We found the following Km values for the enzyme: 13 micrometer for tyrosine and 1.7 mM for ATP in the ATP:PPi exchange reaction and 13 micrometer for tyrosine, 210 micrometer for ATP and 0.14 micrometer for tRNATyr in the aminoacylation reaction. The rate of tyrosyl-tRNA synthesis was 50-fold lower than that of ATP:PPi exchange. Addition of a saturating amount of tRNA did not affect the rate of ATP:PPi exchange. PMID- 31185 TI - An enzyme electrode for acetylcholine. AB - A new enzyme electrode is described to measure continuously acetylcholine concentration. A coating containing active acetylcholinesterase is produced on a pH-glass electrode. The mean thickness of the coating is 50 micrometer. Optimal operational conditions with respect to buffer concentration, ionic strength, linearity, stability, sensitivity, pH of the bulk solution, and response time are studied and discussed. The use of acetylcholinesterase-containing membranes as sensors could offer several novel advantages. PMID- 31186 TI - The purification of a bovine kidney enzyme which cleaves melanocyte-stimulating hormone-release inhibiting factor. AB - An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of L-prolyl-L-leucylglycinamide, the factor which inhibits the release of melanocyte-stimulating hormone, was purified 189-fold from bovine kidney in a 5% yield. The molecular weight of the enzyme on gel filtration was estimated to be 300 000 and its isoelectric point was found to be pH 4.1. The single component seen on sodium dodecyl sulphate-gel electrophoresis was estimated to have a molecular weight of 56 000, indicating that the native enzyme may be a pentamer or hexamer. The enzyme could clearly be distinguished from other prolyl-cleaving enzymes. PMID- 31187 TI - The pH-dependence of the non-specific esterase activity of carboxypeptidase A. AB - The hydrolysis of the following 6 esters by bovine pancreatic carboxypeptidase A (peptidyl-L-amino-acid hydrolase, EC 3.4.12.2) has been investigated over the range pH 5--10 at 25 degrees C, ionic strength 0.2: CH3CO2CHRCO2H (R = C6H5 (ester 3), C6H5CH2 (ester 4), 4-NO2C6H4CO2CHRCO2H (R = C6H5 (ester 5), C6H5CH2 (ester 6), CH3(CH2)2 (ester 7)), CH3CH2CO2CH(CH2C6H5)-CO2H (ester 9). For each ester the pH dependence of kcat/Km indicates that substrate binding is controlled by an acid of pKEH = 9.2 +/- 0.2 in the free enzyme, and although kcat/Km decreases in acidic solutions no simple dependence on an enzymic ionization is apparent. For esters 3, 5 and 7 the dependence of kcat on pH is 'bell-shaped' and is controlled by pKEH2S = 6.73, 6.72, 6.23, respectively and pKEHS = 9.3 +/- 0.2 for each ester. For esters 4 and 6 the 'bell-shaped' kcat (pKEH2S = 7.38, 6.28, respectively) is modified by a significant increase in kcat in the vicinity of pH 10. This latter phenomenon is also shown by ester 9, although data are only accessible over the range pH 7--10 for this latter ester due to pronounced product inhibition in acidic solutions. The common pH-dependences observed for the enzymic hydrolyses of these nonspecific ester substrates are compared with literature data for specific ester and peptide substrates, and possible assignments for the various enzymic pKa values are discussed. PMID- 31188 TI - Oxidation-reduction potential measurements of cytochrome c peroxidase and pH dependent spectral transitions in the ferrous enzyme. AB - The redox potential of the ferrous/ferric couple in cytochrome c peroxidase has been measured as a function of pH between pH 4.5 and 8. The redox potential decreases linearly as a function of pH between pH 4.5 and 7 with a slope of --57 +/- 2 mV per pH unit. Above pH 7, there is a positive inflection in the midpoint potential versus pH plot attributed to an ionizable group in the ferrous enzyme with pKa of 7.6 +/- 0.1. The midpoint potential at pH 7 is--0.194 V relative to the standard hydrogen electrode at 25 degree C. Ferrocytochrome c peroxidase undergoes a reversible spectral transition as a function of pH. Below pH 7, the enzyme has a spectrum typical of high spin ferroheme proteins while above pH 8, the spectrum is typical of low spin ferroheme proteins. The transition is caused by a co-operative, two proton ionization with an apparent pKa of 7.7 +/- 0.2. Two other single proton ionizations cause minor perturbations to the spectrum of ferrocytochrome c peroxidase. One has a pKa of 5.7 +/- 0.2 while the second has a pKa of 9.4 +/- 0.2. PMID- 31189 TI - The relative electron affinities of the alpha and beta chains of oxyhaemoglobin as a function of pH and added inositol hexaphosphate. An electron spin resonance study. AB - Exposure of aqueous glasses of oxyhaemoglobin to 60Co gamma-rays at 77K results in electron addition to the FeO2 unit, the ESR spectrum for the alpha-chain electron adduct being well separated from that for the beta-chain. The relative yields of these two centres has been measured in the pH range 4.5 to 8.5, with or without added inositol hexaphosphate. We find that, in the absence of inositol hexaphosphate, the yield of beta-chain adduct is almost equal to that of the alpha-chains in the pH 4--5 region, but these rapidly diverge with increasing pH, the beta-yield increasing and the alpha-yield decreasing. After a plateau in the pH 6--8 region, the yield of beta-chain adduct decreases, but that of the alpha chain adduct remains constant. In the presence of an excess of inositol hexaphosphate the pH change for the beta-adduct remains, but at low pH values the yield of the alpha-adduct is much greater than that of the beta-adduct. This constraint is removed with a pK of approx. 7.7 and at high pH values the yield of the beta-adduct is once again greater than that of the alpha-adduct. These results are significant in that they suggest that the electron affinities of the alpha and beta chains in oxyhaemoglobin are a function of pH, with that of the beta-chains being greater than that of the alpha-chains in the neutral region. Also inositol hexaphosphate clearly binds to one or both chains, and this has the effect of reversing the relative electron affinities of the two chains. PMID- 31190 TI - Degradation of proteoglycan in articular cartilage. AB - Adult rabbit articular cartilage was labelled in vivo over 48 h with [35S]sulphate and was then incubated in organ culture at pH 7.2. Approx. 65% of the tissue content of [35S]proteoglycan was released into the culture medium during the first 48 h of incubation. The average molecular size of the released proteoglycans, as assessed by fractionation on Sepharose 2B/CL and 4B/Cl, was only slightly smaller than that of the proteoglycans extracted from non-cultured cartilage with 4 M guanidine HCl. The percentage of released proteoglycans and extracted proteoglycans which formed aggregates with hyaluronic acid was approx. 25% and 75%, respectively. The results indicate that proteoglycan degradation in adult articular cartilage is initiated by a limited proteolysis of subunit core protein, with the production of non-aggregating species which diffuse readily from the tissue. PMID- 31191 TI - Effects of glutamine, methionine sulfone and dexamethasone on rates of synthesis of glutamine synthetase in cultured hepatoma cells. AB - Glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) activity of hepatoma tissue culture cells is elevated by corticosteroids and depressed by glutamine (Kulka, R.G., Tomkins, G.M. and Crook, R.B. (1972) J. Cell Biol., 54, 175--179). The transfer of cells from high (1--5 mM) to low (0.2--0.4 mM) concentrations of glutamine causes a marked increase in glutamine synthetase activity. The addition of a glutamine antagonist, methionine sulfone (1 mM) to cells suspended in high (1 mM) concentrations of glutamine also causes an increase of glutamine synthetase activity which is greater than that elicited by the transfer of cells to low concentrations of glutamine. Rates of synthesis of glutamine synthetase have been measured by radioimmunoprecipitation in hepatoma tissue culture cells incubated under various conditions. Incubation of cells with the synthetic corticosteroid hormone, dexamethasone, markedly stimulates the relative rate of glutamine synthetase biosynthesis. Glutamine, or its analogue, methionine sulfone, have no effect on the relative rate of synthesis of the enzyme. However, total protein and RNA synthesis increase markedly with increasing external glutamine concentration in the range 0--1 mM. Methionine sulfone (1 mM) inhibits the degradation of glutamine synthetase in the presence of 1 mM glutamine. The data are consistent with the conclusion that the corticosteroid, dexamethasone, elevates glutamine synthetase activity by stimulating its rate of synthesis, whereas methionine sulfone elevates glutamine synthetase activity by inhibiting the glutamine-stimulated degradation of preformed enzyme. PMID- 31192 TI - Blockade by N-methylhydroxylamine of activation of guanylate cyclase and elevations of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in nervous tissues. AB - Hydroxylamine and N-methylhydroxylamine prevented the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by the endogenous activator as well as by nitroso compounds such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine or nitroprusside, while other derivaties of hydroxylamine were ineffective. Hydroxylamine and N methylhydroxylamine did not alter the basal guanylate cyclase activity of purified enzyme preparations. Kinetics analysis indicated that N methylhydroxylamine competes with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine for guanylate cyclase. The activation of guanylate cyclase by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine and its inhibition by N-methylhydroxylamine were reversible reactions. These effects of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and N methylhydroxylamine were observed with guanylate cyclase from other tissues. N Methylhydroxylamine prevented the increase of guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) levels in cerebellar slices of guinea pig by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine, veratridine and adenosine, while the elevations of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate by these agents were not effected. N-Methylhydroxylamine also blocked the increases of cyclic GMP levels by carbachol, prostaglandin E1 and N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in neuroblastoma N1E 115 cells. Thus N methylhydroxylamine prevents the activation of guanylate cyclase and the increased synthesis of cyclic GMP in response to transmitters without blocking the synthesis of cyclic GMP via basal enzyme activity. PMID- 31193 TI - The dimerization of ferrihaems. III. Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the dimerization of coproferrihaem. AB - Spectrophotometric studies on the behaviour of coproferrihaem in aqueous solution showed that, in the pH range 6.66--8.04, a dimerization process occurs according to the equation 2 monomer K in equilibrium dimer + H+ The value of K, the pH independent dimerization constant, was found to be 2.10 . 10(-3), signifying that coproferrihaem shows the least tendency to dimerize of any ferrihaem so far investigated. Forward and reverse rate constants for the dimerization process have been determined by the temperature-jump method. The results suggest that the cation-bridging between carboxyl residues, postulated for the dimers of the dicarboxylic ferrihaems, cannot occur between the additional carboxyl residues of coproferrihaem and that the increased negative charge may cause destabiliztion of the coproferrihaem dimer by repulsion effects. PMID- 31194 TI - The influence of pH on the absorption spectrum of arsenazo III. AB - The absorption spectrum of arsenazo III in media containing K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ is sharply influenced by pH in the range of 7.5--5.0. The effect of pH is particularly pronounced in the wavelength range 532--602 nm due to the large pH dependence of the dissociation constant of Mg-arsenazo III complex. Therefore absorption changes at these wavelengths during muscle contraction cannot be used as reliable indicators of free ionized Ca2+ concentration in the cell. The effect of pH is less pronounced, but still noticeable at the wavelength pairs 575--650 or 660--685 nm. Multiple layers of muscle cells grown on polystyrene coils permit measurement of absorption changes of arsenazo III, introduced into the cells, by equilibration with 0.5 mM arsenazo III under routine culture conditions. The absorbance changes recorded at 660--685 nm are probably related to changes in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. PMID- 31195 TI - [Nature of the electron acceptor groups of peptide molecules and their derivatives. II. Compounds with aromatic and leucine amino acid residues]. PMID- 31196 TI - [Structure and function of horseradish peroxidase]. PMID- 31197 TI - [Identification of the functional groups of yeast thiamine pyrophosphokinase]. AB - The content of free sulfhydril groups in yeast thiamine pyrophosphokinase (EC 2.7.6.2) was studied. Their blocking was found not to affect considerably the enzyme activity. N-bromsuccinimide developes the inhibitory effect only if taken in excessive concentrations, which indicates that tryptophane has no key position for the enzyme-substrate complex formation. On account of high speed of photoinactivation with Rose bengale and methilene blue, sigmoid dependence of activity loss on pH under irradiation, characteristic narrowing of the modified enzyme absorption spectrum, it is suggested that imidazole residue of the histidine is one of the functional groups of thiamine pyrophosphokinase. PMID- 31198 TI - [Intramitochondrial proteolytic activity of rat liver]. AB - Highly purified mitochondria and lysosomes are isolated from rat liver homogenate. pH optimum of proteolytic activity with respect to proteins of own structures and to mitochondrial structural protein is investigated. The purification of mitochondria from lysosomes is found to be accompanied by the change of proteolytic activity pH optimum from 5.0 to 6.0 in coarse and purified mitochondria respectively. Comparative study of structural protein hydrolysis products with enzyme preparations from purified mitochondria and lysosomes has revealed differences in the spectrum of the reaction products. The data obtained suggest a presence of a proteolytic enzyme in rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 31199 TI - [Detection and properties of L-threonine-L-serine dehydratase in human liver]. AB - It has been shown that in liver extract of men deceased by different causes, L threonine and L-serine dehydratase activities probably, belonging to only one enzyme--L-threonine-L-serine dehydratase--are found. Both activities and their ratios depend on K+ concentration both in the buffer used for enzyme extraction and in the reaction medium. Before extraction of active and stable forms of enzyme the liver is to homogenized in a buffer containing 0.15 M KCl. Both enzymatic activities have a pH-optimum at pH 9.6--10.0. It was shown that D isomers of threonine and serine are not dehydratated and do not inhibit dehydratation of L-isomers. Studies of dependence of L-threonine and L-serine dehydratase reaction rates on temperature showed that at any temperature ranges the energy activation values are higher for the L-threonine dehydratase reaction than for the L-serine dehydratase reaction and that the ratio reaction rates for both reactions depends on temperature. PMID- 31200 TI - [Some peculiarities of trypsin and heparin interaction]. AB - The interaction of trypsin with an acid polysaccharide, heparin, at pH 4.2 and 8.0 is studied. Heparin is found to destabilize the enzyme under condition of both autolytic denaturation (pH 8.0) and thermoinactivation (pH 4.2). Data on trypsin inactivation kinetics suggest that the stage of forming molecular complexes with different contents of trypsin and heparin precedes the stage of the enzyme denaturation. Maximal trypsin inactivation rate takes place under equimolar enzyme:heparin ration. PMID- 31201 TI - [Mass-transfer and kinetics of microencapsulated alpha-chymotrypsin action]. AB - A theoretical model for transient and steady-state kinetics of microencapsulated enzymes action has been developed. The model is meant to overcome the diffusional limitations, caused by a microcapsulated membrane. The effects of various parameters (enzymatic reaction rate constants, enzyme concentration in microcapsules, membrane permeability, substrate concentration, and bulk pH values) on the overall apparent reaction rate have been analyzed using esters hydrolysis catalyzed by alpha-chymotrypsin encapsulated into polycarbonate membranes as an example. PMID- 31202 TI - [Isolation and some properties of potato 0-diphenol oxidase]. AB - Potato tuber o-diphenoloxidase is found to exist in heterogenous mixture of forms differing from each other in their molecular weight, electrophoretic mobility, substrate specificity. A method is proposed which permits to isolate several molecular forms of the enzyme in a relatively homogenous state. Conditions are studied, in which interconversion of o-diphenoloxidase molecular forms takes place. PMID- 31203 TI - [Acid-stable and acid-unstable alpha-amylases of the mold fungi Aspergillus]. AB - Acid-sable alpha-amylase of Asp. niger and acid-unstable, alpha-amylase of Asp. oryzae were studied. It was demonstrated, that beside being a more acid-stable properties, alpha-amylase Asp. niger has increased thermal stability as compared to alpha-amylase Asp. oryzae. The molecular weights of acid-stable alpha-amylase and acid-unstable alpha-amylase are 58 000 and 51 000, respectively. The amino acid composition, and the C- and N-terminal amino acids of both forms of alpha amylases were determined. It was demonstrated, that the enzymes under study contain one sylfhydryl group per mole of enzyme, which in the Ca2+-bound form plays an important role in the maintenance of the catalytically active enzyme conformation. PMID- 31204 TI - [Chitinolytic activity of the pigmented strains of Serratia marcescens and of their pigment-free variants]. PMID- 31205 TI - [Effect of the conditions for obtaining a water-soluble nuclear fraction from rat liver on the activation of a tissue-specific mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler]. PMID- 31206 TI - Contractile response of the uterus of the estrous ewe to adrenergic stimulation. PMID- 31207 TI - alpha- and beta-Adrenergic receptors in isolated rabbit uterine membranes: study of receptor alterations by pregnancy. PMID- 31208 TI - Ovarian contractility and its relationship to ovulation: a review. PMID- 31209 TI - An overview of the 1978 international meeting on comparative therapeutic trials. PMID- 31210 TI - [Study of the dynamics of acid formation in the stomachs of dogs under the influence of thyroidin by the method of intragastric pH-graphy]. AB - Intragastral pH-graphy was applied to the study of the dynamics of acid production in the stomach of dogs with fistulae of the fundal portion of the stomach out of and during digestion, and also before and after the thyroidin prescription. Biphasic character of the changes in acid production in the stomach under the effect of the hormonal preparation was revealed. PMID- 31211 TI - [Effect of neuromediators on acid-base status]. AB - A relationship between the state of adrenergic, cholinergic, and serotoninergic systems, on the one hand, and the acid-alkaline balance of the organism, on the other hand, was revealed in sharp and chronic experiments on dogs. A surplus of each of the mediators was accompanied by respiratory alkalosis, and its deficiency--by combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis. PMID- 31212 TI - [Allosteric modification of adenylate deaminase activity: appearance of adenosine deaminase activity as an effect of potassium ions]. AB - The activation of purified adenylate deaminase from the duck myocardium by K+ is accompanied by modification of the substrate specificity and by the appearance of the capacity to deaminate adenosine and adenine. Adenosine deaminase activity originates at the concentration of K+ of 0.15 M that possesses the most stimulating effect on adenylate deaminase activity; with the increase of potassium ions concentration adenosine deaminating activity is enhanced as well, with a parallel reduction of Hill's constant. The PH-dependence, mode of inhibition by phosphate ions and the effect of alkaline metals suggests that adenosine deamination is carried out by natural adenylate deaminase active centres when their conformation is changed under the activator action. PMID- 31213 TI - [Effect of conditions of cultivation on quantitative assessment of the viability of an organism's tissues]. AB - Viability of mouse kidney tissue explants as estimated quantitatively according to their growth in plasmafree culture depends on some factors connected with cultivation conditions. Methods of serum preparation, pH of the medium, as well as peculiarities of tissue explants distribution in cultivation, their size and fastness of attachment to the substrate proved to influence the quantitative estimation of the tissue explants viability. PMID- 31214 TI - Parallel decrease of erythrocyte membrane deformability and spectrin solubility at low pH. AB - Reduction of pH over the range 6.0-4.5 results in a decrease of erythrocyte deformability in parallel with the induced progressive sphericity of cells. At low deformation rates employed, increase of hemoglobin viscosity was not significant. A decrease of membrane elasticity was detected in cells when sphering, the major determinant of cellular deformability, was prevented at pH 5.0 by hyperosmotic medium. The pronounced change of deformability and the reduced elasticity occurred at calculated intracellular pH values at which solubility in vitro of extracted erythrocyte spectrin is also markedly reduced. The parallel decrease of deformability and spectrin solubility supports the hypothesis that spectrin aggregation may contribute to regulation of erythrocyte deformability through effects on shape and membrane elastic characteristics. PMID- 31215 TI - Interpretation of blood-gas and acid-base data. PMID- 31216 TI - Treatment of severe and resistant hypertension. PMID- 31217 TI - Influence of impaired renal function on the disposition of [14C]fazadinium in the anaesthetized greyhound [proceedings]. PMID- 31218 TI - Dexamphetamine-induced EEG arousal in rats: a possible new test model for potential anti-schizophrenic agents [proceedings]. PMID- 31219 TI - Selective affinities of bromocriptine and lergotrile for rat limbic dopamine binding sites [proceedings]. PMID- 31220 TI - Blockade of pre-synaptic alpha-adrenoceptors by metiamide [proceedings]. PMID- 31221 TI - Beta-adrenoceptor agonist stimulation of acid secretion in rat isolated stomach [proceedings]. PMID- 31222 TI - Lesions of the frontal cortex of the rat: changes in neurotransmitter systems in sub-cortical regions [proceedings]. PMID- 31223 TI - Effect of adrenoceptor and ganglion blocking agents on the in situ uterus of the anaesthetised rat [proceedings]. PMID- 31224 TI - The effects of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor agonists on inflammatory exudation in rabbit and guinea-pig skin [proceedings]. PMID- 31225 TI - Development of a radioreceptor assay for beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in plasma [proceedings]. PMID- 31226 TI - Ventilatory patterns in surgical patients premedicated with lorazepam or diazepam [proceedings]. PMID- 31227 TI - Surgical Research Society. Summer meeting. Papers. PMID- 31228 TI - Gamma-glutamyltransferase in ascitic fluid in primary hepatoma. PMID- 31229 TI - The role of glutamate in pigeon optic tectum. PMID- 31230 TI - Regional sensitivity of primate brain dopaminergic neurons to haloperidol: alterations following chronic treatment. PMID- 31231 TI - Otolith responses of extraocular muscles during sinusoidal roll rotations. PMID- 31232 TI - Collateral sprouting in central mesolimbic dopamine neurons: biochemical and immunocytochemical evidence of changes in the activity and distrubution of tyrosine hydroxylase in terminal fields and in cell bodies of A10 neurons. AB - The olfactory tubercle of adult rats was examined for the development of collateral sprouts from intrinsic dopaminergic axons following unilateral olfactory bulbectomy. In the ipsilateral tubercle tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity began to increase by 10-14 days following the lesion, gradually reaching a maximum of 125% of control (P less than 0.005) by 21 days where it remained permanently elevated. The rise of TH activity in the tubercle reflected changes of the dopaminergic innervation, since dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity was unchanged, and lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle reduced DBH but not TH activity in the tubercle. By immunocytochemical staining the elevation of TH reflected an increased number and altered distribution of TH-containing processes within the olfactory tubercle. By 30 days the uptake of [3H]dopamine into synaptosomes of the olfactory tubercle was also increased to 140% of control (P less than 0.05). In the dopaminergic cell bodies of the ipsilateral A10 group (which innervate the tubercle) TH activity was transiently elevated to 121% (P less than 0.05) by 4 days, returning to control levels by 10 days. Histologically no change in activity was detected. The results indicate that mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons of A10 which innervate the olfactory tubercle will sprout in response to removal of a major non-dopaminergic input, that the new innervation is sustained, and that during collateral sprouting there is a transient elevation of TH activity in the uninjured cell bodies which precedes the period of axonal growth. The activity in the uninjured cell bodies which precedes the period of axonal growth. The findings suggest that (a) the increase of TH activity in the A10 cell bodies during collateral sprouting may be a reflection of an increase in the amount of enzyme protein required for transport into the enlarging terminal fields, (b) that as in development sprouts are in place before they reach biochemical maturity, (c) the biochemical mechanisms underlying collateral sprouting of uninjured neurons are not necessarily the same as those associated with regenerative sprouting in response to axonal injury, and (d) the development and the acquisition of biochemical maturation of collateral sprouts in the CNS involves complex two-way signaling between terminal field and cell bodies. The development of collateral sprouts of dopaminergic neurons may be the cellular substrate of the development of behavioral hyperactivity and aggression produced by bilateral olfactory bulbectomy in rat. PMID- 31233 TI - [Pharmacology of new beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs. II. Bronchopulmonary and cardiovascular effects of VUL 111 and trimepranol (author's transl)]. PMID- 31234 TI - Pheochromocytoma in the modern context. AB - The hypertensive patient faces an uncertain future. Therefore a search for those cases in which the condition is potentially curable is eminently worth while and has become increasingly productive because of the specific diagnostic aids now available and because of the present safety of surgical intervention. Detection and localization of a pheochromocytoma allows a planned surgical approach. Correction of hypovolemia preoperatively ensures a safe course postoperatively. The use of blocking agents pre- and peroperatively prevents the hazardous hypertensive crises and arrhythmias that were a part of early surgical experience. Monitoring of central venous and arterial pressures as well as the electrocardiographic tracing during the operation permits prophylactic therapy when necessary. On the basis of a series of 31 patients the authors compare many aspects of the current management with earlier experience of pheochromocytoma in the same institution. The incidence of extra-adrenal lesions (3.8%), multicentric tumours (3.8%) and malignant change (11.5%) was lower in this group of patients than that usually reported. Abdominal exploration remains the approach of choice in most cases. Treatment of the solitary pheochromocytoma has become straightforward. However, management of the familial syndromes and the malignant from of the disease still requires careful scrutiny. PMID- 31235 TI - Quantitative histochemical and autoradiographic studies of hepatocarcinogenesis in rats fed 2-acetylaminofluorene followed by phenobarbital. PMID- 31236 TI - A model study for histochemical tetrazolium reduction by flavine enzymes. PMID- 31237 TI - Fine structure of the neuromuscular system of Polyorchis penicillatus (Hydromedusae, Cnidaria). AB - Polyorchis penicillatus exhibits outer, inner and endodermal nerve rings. The inner ring contains a number of giant axons with infolded plasma membranes and annular gap junctions. The existence of an innervation supplying the velar radial muscle strengthens the view that the steering mechanism is under nervous control. The basal portions of the cells of the endoderm canals form a muscle band which might enable the animal to regulate the flow of materials or could perform peristalsis. PMID- 31238 TI - Gap junctions suggest epithelial conduction within the comb plates of the ctenophore Pleurobrachia bachei. AB - Intercellular gap junctions occur between the ciliated cells that make up the comb plates of the ctenophore Pleurobrachia. Similar junctions are found within the ciliated grooves which run from the apical organ to the first plate of each comb row, as well as throughout the endoderm of the meridional canals. Gap junctions were not found in the ectodermal tissue between the comb rows. The distribution of junctions suggests that excitation conduction within the ciliated grooves, comb plates and meridional canal endoderm may be epithelial. PMID- 31239 TI - Monoamine-containing granulated cells in the frog lung. AB - The epithelium of the primary bronchus of the frog lung has been studied by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Clusters of five to ten, ovoid, brilliantly yellow fluorescent cells were observed in the basal portion of the epithelium. These cells contained numerous electron-dense granules of variable shape and size. The granules gave a positive argentaffin reaction at the ultrastructural level, suggesting a possible existence of monoamines in the granules. In addition, synaptic contact between the intraepithelial nerves and the cells, which was characterized by the aggregation of the granules toward the presynaptic membrane thickening of the cell, was also noted. These data are discussed in relation to similar studies in birds and mammals, and a possible function of these cells suggested. PMID- 31240 TI - The transplantation of bone marrow. PMID- 31241 TI - Colony-forming B cells in F1 hybrid and transplanted CBA/N mice. PMID- 31242 TI - Early changes in thymocyte immunocompetence during immunization to histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 31243 TI - [Statistical evaluation of a group of 1708 injured teeth in children]. PMID- 31244 TI - A technique for the measurement of breakage and repair of DNA alkylated in vivo. AB - The alkaline elution technique has been adapted for use in the assessment of DNA damage induced in the livers and lungs of mice after administration of an alkylating agent, methylemthanesulfonat (MMS). At 4 h after administration of MMS, damage ot DNA was readily demonstrable; the damage was repaired in liver by 24 h. The lung, particularly of the A/J mouse, exhibited an increased alkaline elution rate when compared to C57BL/6J, and repair was not entirely complete (as judged from the rate of alkaline elution of DNA) by 24 h. The rate of elution was dependent upon temperature. It is believed that this adaptation should have great utility in examining DNA repair in vivo. PMID- 31245 TI - [Role of insect vectors in the transmission of HBsAg]. PMID- 31246 TI - Effect of membrane potential on dialysis of calcium in a continuous-flow system. AB - Electical potentials across the membrane in a modified AutoAnalyzer dialyzer (Technicon) have been determined under various conditions and related to the dialysis of 45Ca. The results suggest that anomalies in the diffusion of calcium from protein and nonprotein containing streams could be due to factors other than "Donnan equilibrium effects." PMID- 31247 TI - Radial diffusion assay of NAD- and NADP-dependent oxidoreductases. AB - With a radial diffusion assay we measured the activity of six NAD- and NADP dependent oxidoreductases: alcohol, glucose-6-phosphate, hydroxysteroid, lactate and malate dehydrogenases, and glutathione reductase. The enzyme was allowed to diffuse for 24h in an agarose gel in which the substrate was incorporated, then reacted the pyridine nucleotide coenzyme. The size of an enzyme diffusion zone could be made visible by the change of the fluorescence of the coenzyme against the background when the coenzyme was either oxidized or reduced. The procedure for each enzyme is reported. The results indicate that this new technique may be applicable to all NAD- and NADP-dependent enzymes. Because of its simplicity and potentiality for screening many samples, we think this method has applications in the clinical laboratory and in nutrition studies. PMID- 31248 TI - Inhibition of gamma-glutamyltransferase: influence of instrumental error. PMID- 31249 TI - Conversion of T3 and rT3 to 3,3'-T2: pH dependency. AB - In the extrathyroidal deiodination of T4 the importance of T3 and rT3 for the peripheral action of thyroid hormones is well documented. With the development of a specific radioimmunoassay for 3,3'-T2, a deiodination product of both T3 and rT3, we were able to characterize these subsequent enzymatic reactions as well as the degradation of 3,3'-T2 in rat liver homogenate. It was found that the reaction T3 leads to 3,3'-T2 is slow compared to the conversion of T4 to T3. The pH activity profile shows a peak at 8.4. The reaction rT3 leads to 3,3'-T2 is very fast, with an apparent KM of 4 x 10(-7) M. The reaction velocity is significantly higher in acid than in alkaline pH. The deiodination of 3,3'-T2 is also faster in the acid than in the alkaline range. It is concluded that the outer ring of T4 is more readily deiodinated in acid and the inner ring in alkaline media, and that 3,3'-T2 is mainly degraded to 3-T1. In the acid pH range T3 may accumulate and in the alkaline range rT3 by the pH characteristics of these ractions. Therefore small shifts in pH can enhance the potent inhibitory action of rT3 on the 5'-deiodination of T4 adding another mechanism to the peripheral regulation of thyroid hormone activity. PMID- 31250 TI - Plasma acid hydrolases in normal adults and children, and in patients with some lysosomal storage diseases. AB - Optimal assay conditions are described for plasma alpha-galactosidase, beta glactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-glucosidase, N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase, alpha-fucosidase, N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase A. The levels of these activities in normal adults and children, and the stabilities of the activities on storage at -20 degrees C or 4 degrees C, are reported. The levels of these enzymic activities in plasma from patients with Fabry, Pompe, Sanfilippo A, Sanfilippo B, Tay Sachs and Hunter diseases, GM1-gangliosidosis and metachromatic leucodystrophy are described, and the possibility of using plasma hydrolase activities in the diagnosis of these conditions is discussed. PMID- 31251 TI - The change in the pH 4 and pH 6 forms of alpha-glucosidase in cultured amniotic fluid cells and its implication in prenatal diagnosis of Pompe's disease. AB - Activities of two major forms of alpha-glucosidase in cultured amniotic fluid cells have been measured by the 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucoside assay after 3, 6 and 9 weeks of culturing. Activity of the pH 4 forms of alpha glucosidase, which is deficient in Pompe's disease, was low in early culture but increased rapidly as the culture time was increased. The cells harvested at 3 weeks had a low absolute activity of the pH 4 form as well as low ratio of the pH 4 to pH 6 enzyme. The pH 6 form is not affected in Pompe's disease. The results suggest cautions when attempting early diagnosis by use of microtechniques and re emphasizes the need for differentiation of these two forms of alpha-glucosidases in prenatal diagnosis of Pompe's disease. PMID- 31252 TI - Comparative analysis of systemic immunological parameters in ulcerative colitis and idiopathic proctitis: effects of sulfasalazine in vivo and in vitro. AB - Comparative analysis of the systemic immunity revealed similarities between ulcerative colitis and idiopathic proctitis. In the active stage of both diseases, circulating complement receptor positive cells were increased whereas T cell percentages and lymphocyte functions were decreased. In severe forms of ulcerative colitis and idiopathic proctitis circulating EAC-phagocytosing esterase positive cells, indicative of activated monocytes, were demonstrated. Successful treatment with salicylazosulfapyridine (SASP) reversed these immunological changes. Incubation of SASP and its metabolites with leucocytes from patients and control subjects, in concentrations similar to those demonstrated in sera from patients treated with SASP, did not alter the immunological changes. PMID- 31253 TI - Comparative study of chronotropic and inotropic responses to 5-(-hydroxy-2 isopropylaminobutyl)-8-hydroxycarbostyril hydrochloride hemihydrade (procaterol), salbutamol, noradrenaline and isoprenaline in the dog heart. AB - 1. The cardiac chronotropic and inotropic responses to 5-(1-hydroxy-2 isopropylaminobutyl)-8-hydroxycarbostyril hydrochloride hemihydrade (procaterol) and salbutamol have been compared to noradrenaline and isoprenaline in isolated blood-perfused canine atrial and ventricular preparations. 2. All four compounds induced dose-related positive chronotropic and inotropic effects, but different individual response patterns were observed. 3. Procaterol and salbutamol were partial agonists compared to noradrenaline and isoprenaline for causing chronotropic and inotropic responses. The order of efficacy for the adrenoceptors mediating both chronotropic and inotropic responses was isoprenaline, noradrenaline, salbutamol and procaterol. The slopes of the salbutamol dose response curves were flatter than those for isoprenaline and noradrenaline; the slopes of the procaterol dose-response curves were flatter than those for salbutamol. 4. Because of these differences, the order of activity depended upon the level of response chosen for the comparison. When doses producing small chronotropic and inotropic responses were compared, the order of activity was isoprenaline, noradrenaline, procaterol and salbutamol; whereas with doses producing large responses the order was isoprenaline, noradrenaline, salbutamol and procaterol. 5. Procaterol was longer acting than salbutamol, and salbutamol was longer acting than noradrenaline. PMID- 31254 TI - A novel activity cage for rats: characterization of some phenylethylamine derivatives with central stimulant and depressant effects. AB - 1. A novel activity cage for rats is described. Eight light beams are aimed at a light-conducting perspex rod at the centre of a cylindrical cage. The photoresistor at the end of the rod detects the changes in light intensity produced by interruption of the light beams. 2. The apparatus is simple to operate and was capable of detecting small differences in the motor activity of groups of rats. 3. Dose-dependent increases in motor activity were produced by dexamphetamine (1.36 to 27.3 mumol/kg, i.p.). The depressant effects produced by 20 mumol/kg doses of nonfenfluramine were greater than those of fenfluramine. Large doses (100 mumol/kg) of tranylcypromine stimulated motor activity whereas its cis-isomer, cis-2-phenylcyclopropylamine, depressed motor activity. PMID- 31255 TI - Marrow transplantation for treatment of aplastic anaemia. PMID- 31256 TI - Treatment of aplastic anaemia by antilymphocyte globulin with or without marrow infusion. AB - Forty-one patients, suffering from severe aplastic anaemia were treated either with ALG alone (27 patients) or ALG followed by infusion of allogeneic bone marrow (14 patients). Eighteen patients (67 per cent) are presently alive after ALG alone at over 100 to over 550 days. Fourteen (52 per cent) showed sustained improvement of haematopoiesis, two are alive without change, one recovered autologous haematopoiesis after cyclophosphamide conditioning and transfusion of HLA identical marrow and one is lost to follow-up. Eight patients (57 per cent) are currently alive after ALG and transfusion of haplotype identical marrow with self-sustaining autologous haematopoiesis at over 200 days to over four and a half years. No lethal complications occurred and none of the bone marrow infusions led to permanent engraftment or graft-versus-host disease. The mechanism of action is not known, but our results support the hypothesis that unspecified autoimmune reactions block the normal outgrowth of haematopoietic precursor cells in a substantial number of patients with aplastic anaemia. This therapeutic approach seems to offer good chances of survival, especially for those patients who do not have an HLA identical sibling. Its value should be further investigated. PMID- 31257 TI - Drug kinetics and alcohol ingestion. AB - Acute and chronic ethanol ingestion can alter both the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of other drugs. For psychotherapeutic drugs, modification of drug action by alcohol is much more important than kinetic interaction, such as ethanol induced drug metabolism. In contrast, the importance of the effects of alcohol on the kinetics of other classes of drug is incomplete. The probability and mechanism of alcohol kinetic interactions with other drugs can nevertheless be anticipated, in part, on the basis of the extent of binding of the drug to plasma proteins, the capacity of the liver for extracting the drug from blood passing through the liver and the true distribution space of the drug. Highly bound drugs with low intrinsic hepatic clearance are among the most commonly reported to have their kinetics altered by ethanol (e.g. benzodiazepines, phenytoin, tolbutamide and warfarin). Less highly bound drugs are less consistently affected (e.g. meprobamate, glutethimide, pentobarbitone and phenobarbitone). Acute administration of ethanol to laboratory animals or incubation of microsomal preparations with ethanol inhibits the mixed function oxidase activity. In the human, the elimination half-life of meprobamate, pentobarbitone and tolbutamide is increased by acute ethanol administration. Chronic administration of ethanol to rats and humans causes proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, increase in microsomal protein content and cytochrome P450 and results in an augmentation in drug metabolising ability of the microsomes in vitro. Even though the plasma half-life of some drugs is decreased by chronic ethanol ingestion, the clinical determination of the mechanism is incomplete because few studies have measured drug metabolite levels. In addition, alcohol effects on drug distribution have not been studied very extensively. The effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on drugs with low and high hepatic extraction, high and low binding, important tissue localisation and microsomal and non-microsomal metabolism will be quite different. Systematic studies of the mechanism of alcohol kinetic interactions are needed. Such kinetic studies should be combined with pharmacodynamic measures in order to establish the clinical importance of changes in drug kinetics. PMID- 31258 TI - Metabolism of drugs and carcinogens in man: antipyrine elimination as an indicator. AB - The suitability of the most commonly used "prototype" drug, viz, antipyrine, in predicting drug and carcinogen metabolism was evaluated, by studying in vivo antipyrine elimination rate (Ke) and in vitro metabolism of drugs and carcinogens in liver preparations in the same individuals. Our subjects were 20 adult males undergoing abdominal surgery for gastrojejunostomy, although antipyrine Ke could be studied in only 16 subjects. Correlations of the various in vito--in vivo parameters were positive between the parameter pairs: in vivo antipyrine Ke--in vitro benzopyrene hydroxylase; benzopyrene hydroxylase--aniline hydroxylase; and benzopyrene hydroxylase--gamma-glutamyl transferase. Aminopyrine demethylase did not correlate with any of the parameters studied. The degree of correlation between antipyrine Ke and benzopyrene hydroxylase was statistically significant but was not satisfactory for predictive purposes. Our study indicates some of the problems and limitations of in vivo--in vitro comparisons and confirms earlier doubts on the usefulness of antipyrine as a "prototype" drug for predicting drug and carcinogen metabolism in man. PMID- 31259 TI - Atenolol and three nonselective beta-blockers in hypertension. AB - The object of this study was to establish whether cardioselectivity of atenolol confers any advantage over noncardioselective beta-blockade in the treatment of hypertension. A dose of atenolol was established on the basis of morning mean systolic blood pressure (mean of 5 readings) in 27 long-standing hypertensive patients previously controlled on one of three nonselective beta-blockers: propranolol, oxprenolol, or pindolol. Most patients were also taking a diuretic. A crossover trial was then conducted of atenolol and the previous nonselective beta-blocker, each drug being given for 8 wk in randomized order. Other drugs were kept constant. At the end of each 8-wk period a morning test of blood pressure and pulse rate was done, an 11:30 A.M. blood sample was taken for estimation of drug concentration, and spirometry was performed. During the eighth week a glucose tolerance test, fasting lipids, and other biochemical and hematologic estimations were done. On a separate occasion a late morning study was done on the response of blood pressure and pulse rate to three kinds of stress: bicycle ergometer, mental arithmetic, and handgrip. At dosage levels of atenolol giving a mean resting systolic blood pressure equal to that during nonselective beta-blockade, diastolic levels on atenolol tended to be lower at rest and during the mental and handgrip forms of stress. Serum creatinine levels on atenolol were lower than during nonselective beta-blockade. Anti dioxyribonucleic acid (DNA) titers remained normal in all patients. There was no difference in lung function. There was little difference in glucose and insulin levels during glucose tolerance tests in these patients, half of whom were diabetic. There were no serious side effects but there were a few surprising ones such as vivid dreams in three and muscle cramps in one patient. PMID- 31260 TI - [Beta blockaders in the treatment of hypertension. Part 2. Antihypertensive effect: hypotheses on the mechanism of action and practical methods of treatment]. PMID- 31261 TI - Teamwork conference '78. PMID- 31262 TI - British Collagen and Mucopolysaccharide Clubs. Combined meeting, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 31263 TI - Enzymatic formation of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine in epiphysial-plate cartilage. AB - The activity of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4'-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.7) from newborn pig epiphysial-plate cartilage was investigated. The formation of radioactive UDP N-acetylgalactosamine from UDP-N-acetyl[U-14C]-glucosamine was demonstrated by radioautography, after hydrolysis of UDP-derivatives and separation of the hexosamines by paper chromatography. The pH optimum and the Km values for UDP-N acetylglucosamine and NAD were determined. At equilibrium, the ratio UDP-N acetylglucosamine/UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine reaches a value of about 2.3. The effect of UDP-xylose and UDP-glucuronic acid on the enzyme activity was investigated. NADH inhibits UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 4'-epimerase activity. The inhibitory effect of NADH seems to be strikingly correlated with the value of NAD/NADH ratio and pH. PMID- 31264 TI - The phosphate-depletion syndrome. PMID- 31265 TI - The role and function of chlorine in the preparation of high-ratio cake flour. AB - The literature on the role of chlorine treatment of flour for use in high-ratio cake production is discussed in relation to current knowledge of cereal chemistry and cake technology. A brief perspective of the present use of chlorine in high ratio cake flours is included. Investigations of the uptake of gaseous chlorine by flour and its distribution among and chemical action upon the major flour components (water, protein, lipid, and carbohydrate) are assessed. The physical effects of chlorination as demonstrated by experiments with batters and cakes and by physicochemical observations of flour and its fractions are also considered. The characteristics of the starch in flour appear to be critical in high-ratio cakes. Chlorine treatment modifies the gelatinization behavior of the starch granules yet does not change their gelatinization temperature not is there evidence of chemical attack upon the starch molecules. Therefore, it is suggested that chlorine effects the necessary changes in starch behavior by reacting with the noncarbohydrate surface contaminants on the granules. Alternative methods of improving high-ratio cake flours are mentioned, particularly heat-treatment processes. PMID- 31266 TI - ["Regions' Day"]. PMID- 31267 TI - [Properties of adenohypophyseal proteinase I]. PMID- 31268 TI - Proceedings from two sessions of the Symposium on Drug Disposition in Man, held in Sarasota, Florida, November 6--11, 1977. PMID- 31269 TI - Dependence, tolerance, and addiction to benzodiazepines: clinical and pharmacokinetic considerations. PMID- 31270 TI - Cigarette smoking: a dependence on high-nicotine boli. PMID- 31271 TI - Symposium on drug disposition in man. Proceedings. PMID- 31272 TI - The long-acting neuroleptics: a retrospective appraisal. PMID- 31273 TI - Sphingolipid composition and catabolism in human fetal tissues. AB - Human fetal tissues derived from prostaglandin-induced abortuses (9--18 wk fertilization age) have been utilized to evaluate sphingolipid composition and catabolism. Sphingolipid composition (lipid-hexose, sulfatide, and lipid-bound NANA) was assessed in fetal brain. Sphingolipid catabolism was evaluated in fetal lung and brain through the measurement of relevant acid hydrolases (arylsulfatase A, beta-galactosidase, and hexosaminidase). During the fetal period studied, the parameters of sphingolipid composition revealed variability but no consistent pattern of change. Each acid hydrolase was readily detected. Enzyme specific activities revealed no variation during the 9 fetal wk studied. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis yielded the anticipated isoenzyme patterns for each acid hydrolase with little variation during the period of study. The compositional values support current concepts of cerebral development during this period of fetal life. Together with the catabolic analyses, these studies provide normative data relative to the assessment of metabolic abnormalities during this period of fetal development. PMID- 31274 TI - Lipogenesis in developing human adipose tissue. AB - De novo lipid synthesis can be demonstrated in human fetal subcutaneous tissue cells which are in the initial stages of liquid accumulation. Lipogenic capacity measured as ability to incorporate acetate into neutral lipid was shown to increase with gestational age. This lipogenic capacity was accompanied by an increased activity of acetyl co-enzyme A carboxylase. Insulin, which is known to activate this enzyme in mature adipose tissue, increased neutral lipid synthesis in fetal subcutaneous tissue. When tissue insulin levels were determined, insulin was found from 16 wk gestation. At this time triglyceride content of the tissue was also increasing. Thus de novo fatty acid synthesis is a means by which the developing adipose cell initiates lipid accumulation. PMID- 31275 TI - [The intragastral antibacterial effect and its importance in chronic enterocolitis]. PMID- 31276 TI - Factors influencing metabolism and toxicity of metals. Proceedings of an international workshop meeting organized by the Scientific Committee on the Toxicology of Metals of Permanent Commission and International Association of Occupational Health Stockholm, July 17-22, 1977. PMID- 31277 TI - Effect of H+ ion activity and Ca2+ on the toxicity of metals in the environment. AB - The role of acidity in determining and restricting plant distribution and performance is discussed. In soils especially, a key effect of H+ ion concentration is on the solubility of potentially toxic heavy metals such as aluminum, managenese, zinc, iron, copper, and nickel. Al has been reported from many studies since the 1920's as the key determining toxic factor in acid soils. Some acid-tolerant species have been shown to be especially tolerant of Al, and mechanisms of tolerance have been suggested. Mn is also a commonly toxic factor at soil pH less than 5.0. Calcium has been shown to alleviate Mn toxicity. Low pH soils are also generally low in Ca, K, Na, and P; all essential major elements for plant growth. In lakes and marine situations acidic waters are uncommon as the waters are buffered. Calcium is again ameliorative of metal toxicities. The pH, redox, and valency state are critical in determining nutrient availability and metal speciation. Recent increases in the H+ ion content of precipitation have caused increased acidities of freshwater lakes in Scandinavia and eastern North America, which have depleted biota, including fish populations. PMID- 31278 TI - Symposium on Target Organ Toxicity: Nervous System. Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Raleigh, North Carolina, October 19-20, 1977. PMID- 31279 TI - Central neurotransmitter function and its behavioral correlates in man. AB - The past decade has witnessed a tremendous increase in knowledge towards understanding the function of various brain neurotransmitter substances in behavior. Experimental observations in animals, utilizing specific pharmacological agents, have enabled the development of certain hypotheses regarding neurochemical substrates of behavior. These have led to cautious applications of complementary studies in humans. As a result, several neurotransmitter-related hypotheses have been developed for the explanation of normal behaviour, as well as of various abnormal behavior states in psychiatry and neurology. These hypotheses are currently undergoing extensive investigation. Highlights of the above sequence of events are presented, in order to provide as general, yet extensive, an overview of the subject as possible. Examples are provided from both basic laboratory investigations and from clinical findings. Principles of brain neurotransmitter function and interactions are reviewed. Various neurotransmitter-related hypothese of psychiatric and neurologic interest are introduced. Finally, the role that toxicants may have on behavior via alteration of brain neurotransmitter function is discussed, using the lead intoxicated animals as an illustrative example. PMID- 31280 TI - The neurochemistry of learning and memory. AB - The neurochemical basis of memory has been approached experimentally in four different ways: the bioassay; the interventive approach; the interventive correlative approach; and the correlative approach. These approaches are fundamentally similar to those used for the study of the chemistry of any behavior. Each of these approaches has serious limitations, and significant progress has only been made by combinations of more than one. I shall discuss each of these approaches in turn. PMID- 31281 TI - Symposium on Target Organ Toxicity: Cardiovascular System. Society of Toxicology and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Arlington, Virginia, January 17-18, 1978. PMID- 31282 TI - Cardiac lesions induced by chemicals. AB - Chemically induced cardiomyopathies are frequently the consequences of a cardiac metabolic imbalance brought about by exaggerated functional affects. The infarctlike lesions induced by adrenergic beta-receptor stimulants and the vasodilating antihypertensives serve as examples of this phenomenon. Direct cardiotoxic mechanisms not related to cardiovascular functional effects are responsible for another class of toxic cardiomyopathy. An example of this is the cardiomyopathy produced by the anthracycline antineoplastic agents. The pathogenesis, morphological changes and toxicologic features of these cardiomyopathies are described with particular reference to their detection in preclinical toxicity studies. PMID- 31283 TI - Culicine mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) of Ethiopia: checklist and distribution. PMID- 31284 TI - Messenger RNA activities for two liver enzymes, tyrosine aminotransferase and tryptophan oxygenase, in Morris hepatoma 5123C and 9618A and in HTC cells. Correlation with enzyme activities. PMID- 31285 TI - The effect of 2-methoxy-5-nitrotropone on the oxygen affinity of human erythrocytes and hemoglobin. AB - Human hemoglobin reacted with 2-methoxy-5-nitrotropone at pH 7.4 undergoes modification of the four N-terminal amino groups. The modified protein shows increased oxygen affinity with complete abolition of the effect of K-glycerate 2, 3-bisphosphate. The Bohr effect is abolished in the acid range and drastically reduced at alkaline pH values. Changes in the kinetics of ligand reactions parallel the oxygen equilibrium results. Cooperative effects are still present. Human erythrocytes treated with 2-methoxy-5-nitrotropone show increased oxygen affinity and some decrease in methemoglobin reductase efficiency but no change in resistance to hemolysis. PMID- 31286 TI - Cobalt hemoglobin: pH dependence of Adair constants and the Bohr effects. AB - Precise oxygen equilibrium curves have been obtained for cobalt hemoglobin at pH values from 5.5 to 8.2. The Hill plots are symmetric having asymptotes with slopes of unity. At pH 7.0, cobalt hemoglobin has p0.5 = 116 toor (15.45 kPa), pm = 117 torr (15.58 kPa) and a Hill coefficient of n = 1.72. The values of n decrease slightly with either decrease or increase of pH; the protein is almost non-cooperative at pH greater than 8.2. The Adair constants have been calculated with a non-linear least-squares program. From deltalnpm/deltapH a maximum of 2.5 Bohr protons was calculated at physiological pH values. The majority of alkaline Bohr protons are released after binding of the first and the third oxygen with maxima at pH 7.6 and 7.3, respectively. The acid Bohr effect was also observed with the majority of the protons taken up following the first and third oxygen bound. Smaller alkaline Bohr effects were obtained by differential titration and at higher pH than that calculated from oxygen equilibria. The discrepancy can be largely attributed to the binding of salt components to cobalt hemoglobin. PMID- 31287 TI - In vitro interaction between 99Tcm-labeled pyrophosphate, 32P-labeled pyrophosphate and rat tissues. AB - Whole-body sections from young rats were incubated with solutions containing 32P labeled pyrophosphate, 99Tcm-labeled pyrophosphate and 99Tcm-pertechnetate, respectively, at pH 7.6 or pH 8.6. After incubation, the sections were used for autoradiography and/or staining in order to visualize tissue affinity for 99 Tcm and areas of pyrophosphatase activity. At pH 7.6, the distribution patterns of 99Tcm-labeled pyrophosphate and 32P-labeled pyrophosphate were similar. When pH was raised to 8.6, 99Tcm-labeled pyrophosphate was degraded before reaching the tissues and their enzymes. The distribution pattern of 99Tcm-labeled pyrophosphate at pH 8.6 was similar to that of 99Tcm-pertechnetate. 32P-labeled pyrophosphate could serve as a substrate for alkaline pyrophosphatase and the enzyme activity was demonstrated autoradiographically. PMID- 31288 TI - Stimulation of arachidonic acid metabolism by human slow-reacting substances. AB - Human slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) and calcium ionophore induced human SRS released prostaglandin-like substances and rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS) from guinea-pig lungs. This effect was abolished by incubation of SRS-A and SRS with arylsulphatase or pretreatment of the lungs with indomethacin. Human SRS-A and SRS therefore resembled guinea-pig SRS-A in stimulating arachidonic acid metabolism. These results provide further evidence for a similar (or identical) nature of human SRS-A and SRS and suggest a possible role for slow-reacting substances in the release of prostaglandins during anaphylaxis. PMID- 31289 TI - Neuroleptic receptors in calf caudate: solubilization by digitonin. PMID- 31290 TI - Effect of arrhythmogenic doses of deslanoside on the uptake of monoamines in brain tissue and in cardiac tissue. AB - The purpose of our study was to determine whether a toxic arrhythmogenic dose of digitalis administered to an in vivo preparation would affect the neuronal uptake of norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine in brain tissue and norepinephrine in cardiac tissue. This was investigated by intoxicating anesthetized cats with deslanoside, removing cardiac and brain tissue at the onset of ventricular fibrillation, and examining the ability of brain tissue to accumulate [3H]-NE, [3H]-T-HT and [3H]-DA and cardiac tissue to accumulate [3H]-NE. It was found that deslanoside inhibited uptake of [3H]-NE into the left ventricle and [3H]5-HT into the area postrema. These selective effects may reflect greater blood flow to these regions or different sensitivities of the transport mechanisms for these amines. This inhibition of uptake into both left ventricular tissue and area postrema may contribute to some of the cardiovascular and emetic effects seen with digitalis drugs. PMID- 31291 TI - The influence of natural and synthetic cationic substances on phagocytic activity of human polymorphonuclear cells. An alternative pathway of phagocytic enhancement. PMID- 31292 TI - Enzymic properties and effects of androgen on nuclear histone phosphatase activity of rat ventral prostate. PMID- 31293 TI - Changes in the level of poly ADP-ribosylation during a cell cycle. PMID- 31294 TI - Ultrastructural findings in the mouse exocrine pancreas during graft-versus host reaction. AB - 12- to 36-hours-old newborn CBA mice were intraperitoneally injected each with 10 X 10(6) allogeneic spleen cells of adult C57Bl mice. Control mice received syngeneic spleen cells of adult CBA mice either in the same way or remained untreated. The animals were killed 1, 3, 7, 14 or 21 days after the spleen cell injection. The pancreas was studied histologically and electron microscopically by common methods. Together with an interstitial lymphohistiocytic infiltration of the pancreas different acinar cell alterations were observed in the mice treated with allogeneic spleen cells: 1. Acute lethal pancreatic cell damages on the day after the intraperitoneal injection of allogeneic spleen cells. 2. Membrane-lined inclusion vacuoles between the 7th and 21st experimental day. 3. Atrophy of pancreatic acinar cells in the terminal stage of a severe graft-versus host disease. The pathogenesis of the observed pancreatic changes seems to be due to nonimmunological and immunological processes. The membrane-lined inclusion vacuoles of the acinar cells could be the consequence of a cell-mediated immune process in the graft-versus-host reaction. PMID- 31295 TI - Possible regulation of membrane-associated cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase in rat cerebral cortex by lipids. AB - Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) in membrane fraction from rat cerebral cortex was activated by Triton X-100, and treatment at alkaline pH and with phospholipase C. These results suggest that membrane PDE exists in a latent form and is influenced by microenvironmental changes within the membrane. Furthermore, the PDE, unlike soluble enzyme, is not influenced by a protein activator and Ca++. PMID- 31296 TI - Effect of blood pH on anionic ferritin transport through rat aortic endothelium. AB - Acute lowering of blood pH between 7.4 and 6.9 in rats by ventilation with 10 or 20% CO2 does not increase the passage of ferritin molecules across the aortic endothelium. These results do not rule out alteration of endothelial permeability to anionic macromolecules in local circulatory disturbances when blood pH drops to levels much lower than 6.9. PMID- 31297 TI - Interaction of CDP-choline with synaptosomal transport of biogenic amines and their precursors in vitro and in vivo in the rat corpus striatum. AB - Added to a striatal synaptosomal homogenate of rat brain, CDP-choline 10(-4) M inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5 HT) in a competitive fashion and enhances the uptake of tyrosine and tryptophan; administered to animals, CDP-choline (50 mg/kg/l h/i.v.) inhibits only the in vitro uptake of DA but enhances the uptake of precursors. PMID- 31298 TI - [Effect of several psychotropic agents on changes in the behavior of mice induced by acetaldehyde]. AB - Results of a study on the effect produced by 26 psychotropic agents on a complex set of behavioral changes in mice induced by introduction of acetaldehyde are presented. Experiments were conducted according to the method of Ortiz et al. (1973) who have proposed this test as a model of the abstinence syndrome. The effect of the agents was evaluated by removal of convulsions according to the Goldstein 4-point scale system (1972). In this respect the most effective proved tranquilizers, hypnotics, sodium oxybutyrate and ethanol. Little effective were neuroleptics and antidepressants. The model may be used in the screening of drugs when treating the abstinence syndromes in chronic alcoholism. PMID- 31299 TI - [Pharmacologic regulation of the functional activity of the lysosomal apparatus of the cell (review of the literature)]. PMID- 31300 TI - Salt reversal of the acid-induced changes in purple membrane from Halobacterium halobium. PMID- 31301 TI - Saxitoxin binding to the mammalian sodium channel. Competition by monovalent and divalent cations. PMID- 31302 TI - Tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase: evidence for an anhydrous bond involved in the tryptophanyl enzyme formation. PMID- 31303 TI - Short-term effects of insulin and glucagon on lipid synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. Covariance of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity and the rate of 3H2O incorporation into fatty acids. PMID- 31304 TI - Aggregation of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 in aqueous solution. PMID- 31305 TI - Enzyme reactions of ATP studied by positional isotope exchange. AB - Reversible gamma-PO3 transfer in ATP reactions can be recognized by exchange of 18O from the beta,gamma-bridge position to the beta-P-nonbridge positions: (see article). Such intramolecular exchange is less demanding for the detection of the bond cleavage than the usual ATP:ADP isotope exchange because it does not require dissociation of bound ADP from the intermediate complex. Acyl phosphate intermediates are indicated for the glutamine synthetase and carbamyl-P synthetase reactions by their extreme requirements for glutamate and bicarbonate, respectively, for positional oxygen exchange. No support is given for E-P or concerted mechanisms. No support is found for an active CO2 in the latter reaction, although this is not ruled out by the data. Positional isomerization in ATP occurs with lamellae from spinach chloroplast only in the light. When the ATP molecule interacts, it also undergoes complete exchange of the gamma-PO3 oxygen with water before it rejoins the pool of free ATP. The difference in rates of the two exchanges suggests that the torsional motion of ADP-beta-PO3 is greatly hindered on the enzyme. This may explain, by the argument of substrate activation, the rapid reversibility of the ATPase reaction on the enzyme. PMID- 31306 TI - [Participation of paramedical personnel in services rendered to cattle breeders]. PMID- 31308 TI - New fund to prevent food losses. PMID- 31307 TI - [The effect of secretin on exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Part I: plasma secretin concentration and pancreatic exocrine secretion after intravenous secretin or intraduodenal HCl and 1-phenyl-1-hydroxy-n-pentane administration (author's transl)]. PMID- 31309 TI - First joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Energy Intake and Protein Requirements. PMID- 31310 TI - [37th seesion of the Sachische Gesellschaft fur Dermatologie at the Dermatological Clinic of Karl Marx University, Leipzig, April 22, 1978]. PMID- 31311 TI - [Dermatologische Gesellschaft at the Chartie Berlin. 42d session May 6, 1978]. PMID- 31312 TI - Properties of LH-sensitive adenylate cyclase in purified plasma membranes from rat ovary. PMID- 31313 TI - Developmental regulation of the first three enzymes of pyrimidine biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 31314 TI - [Onchocerciasis in Mexico]. PMID- 31315 TI - Comparative studies on the steroid metabolism in mammals. I. Characterization of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from monkey liver. PMID- 31316 TI - Steroidogenic cellular sites in the cat ovary: a histochemical study. PMID- 31317 TI - Psychologists and psychoactive drugs. AB - Research on psychoactive drugs: antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic was reviewed. The drug families and their usual side effects were described. Proliferation of drug use, polypharmacy, and tardive dyskinesia were seen as areas of concern; advances in biological explanations of schizophrenia and manic depressive disorders, and increasing knowledge about the brain's neurotransmitters brightened the investigative efforts. PMID- 31318 TI - [Rate of information processing by the visual analyzer using Anfimov's table]. PMID- 31319 TI - [Cimetidine and other H2 receptor blockers]. PMID- 31320 TI - [Estrogens and endometrial carcinoma. Position paper on the publication of the drug commission]. PMID- 31321 TI - [Embolic circumscribed encephalitis and collagenoses with CNS involvement. On differential diagnosis of the principal syndrome of recidivating bouts of fever and acute cerebral signs (author's transl)]. PMID- 31322 TI - Physician assistants achieve wide acceptance in health care field. PMID- 31323 TI - Control of esophageal and lower esophageal sphincter function: neurohumoral and myogenic factors. PMID- 31324 TI - [Practice of psychosomatic medicine--a review of the 4th Congress of International College of Psychosomatic Medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 31325 TI - [2nd international nitrate symposium, Berlin 1978--abstracts (author's transl)]. PMID- 31326 TI - [Effects of a new beta-blocker (CI 775) on left ventricular hemodynamics at rest and during exercise (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of a new beta-blocking agent (CI 778) were studied in 8 patients in whom non-invasive data suggested absence of significant organic heart disease. The left ventricular hemodynamics at rest and during bicycle exercise were measured before and after intravenous administration of 0,9 mg/kg body weight. With exercise there was a significantly smaller increment of heart rate (18%) after beta-blockade. Stroke volume index at rest was significantly lower (17%) after administration of CI 775; the difference disappeared with exercise. There was an 18% decrease of the resting cardiac output after CI 775 and a 23% decrease with exercise. Significant changes at rest and with exercise indicating a negative inotropic action of CI 775 were noted for max dP/dt and peak measured velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vpm). The left ventricular enddiastolic pressure with exercise increased with borderline significance by 41% after CI 775. Also left ventricular stroke work index at rest and with exercise decreased moderately (n.s.), the systemic arterial resistance changed to the same extent as cardiac output decreased. Also the arterial venous oxygen difference increased after CI 775 only according to the decrease of cardiac output. The data suggest the hemodynamic properties of CI 775 are located between propranolol and practolol within the spectrum of available beta-blockers. PMID- 31327 TI - [Guidelines for the medical management of arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 31328 TI - A simplified procedure for the purification of rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase. AB - Rat liver tyrosine aminotransferase was purified by chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50 and DEAE-cellulose, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and gel filtration on Sephadex G 200. Livers from 400 rats can be easily worked up by this procedure. Furthermore, this purification method has the advantage that hepatic tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase, which, like tyrosine aminotransferase, is induced by glucocorticosteroids, can be purified from the same homogenate. Tyrosine aminotransferase purified by this method was shown to be specific for 2 oxoglutarate. Its subunits have a molecular weight of 45 000. The following "apparent" Michaelis constants were determined: L-tyrosine, 1.7 X 10(-3) M; 2 oxoglutarate, 5.9 X 10(-4) M; and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, 2.1 X 10(-6) M. Tyrosine aminotransferase, depleted of its cofactors, binds 4 molecules of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate per 90 000 daltons with a KA of 2.2 X 10(5) M-1. PMID- 31329 TI - An unusual nodular lesion of the liver: probable partial nodular transformation. AB - An unusual nodular lesion of the liver is reported. The appearances closely resembled those described in cases referred to as partial nodular transformation, but there were several unusual features; these included areas with the appearances of cirrhosis, and significantly raised alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. Differentiation of this condition from other nodular lesions described in the literature is discussed. In the case reported here the Rose Waaler and Latex tests were also positive and this may be significant in view of certain types of nodular conditions described in some rheumatoid conditions. Although it is quite possible that these various lesions are related histogenetically, until more information becomes available, it is proposed that the lesion described here represents a variant of partial nodular transformation in which the changes in some areas have progressed to a stage of fibrosis. PMID- 31330 TI - Health care leaders examine role of nursing service administrator. AB - Selected leaders in hospital administration, nursing service administration, nursing education, medicine, and governing boards convened at the AHA's invitational conference, October 4--7, 1978, to jointly examine the role, functions, and qualifications of the hospital nursing service administrator and to discuss contemporary and future issues affecting the role. PMID- 31331 TI - Officials pledge crackdown on abuse and waste. PMID- 31332 TI - Studies on a nematode parasite (Romanomermis sp.:Mermithidae) of mosquito larvae isolated in Pondicherry. PMID- 31333 TI - Studies on the mosquitoes of Bankura district, West Bengal: adult populations. PMID- 31334 TI - Experimental evaluation of the possible neuroleptic activity of clomipramine. AB - Clomipramine, a new antidepressant, differs from imipramine by having chlorine in position 3 of the aromatic ring and in this respect resembles chlorpromazine. Clomipramine was therefore tested for neuroleptic activity. Clomipramine and imipramine were ineffective in inhibiting the traction response and pinna reflex in mice and in inducing catalepsy in rat. Compared to chlorpromazine they were less potent in blocking conditioned avoidance response and in decreasing spontaneous motor activity and exploratory behaviour. In contrast to chlorpromazine, clomipramine like imipramine was found to enhance methamphetamine induced stereotyped behaviour. Thus clomipramine like imipramine possesses negligible neuroleptic activity. PMID- 31335 TI - Symposium on head injuries. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 31337 TI - Irish Association for Cancer Research, Proceedings of 15th Annual General Meeting held at University College, Cork, on 29th-30th September, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 31336 TI - Potentiation of hyperphagia and relief of hypothermia in the genetically obese mouse (genotype, ob/ob) by alpha-methyl tyrosine. AB - DL-alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine methyl ester hydrochloride affected the hyperphagia and hypothermia characteristic of the genetically obese mouse (genotype, ob/ob) throughout an experimental period of 5 days. Intraperitoneal injections of 100 mg/kg body weight, daily, resulted in a significant increase in the average daily food consumption by 60 per cent, already elevated 35 per cent above that of lean litter-mates. The drug, administered at the same dose, caused a similar percentage elevation of food intake in the lean litter-mates. Rectal temperatures of obese mice were raised significantly throughout the 5-day period by an average of 0.95 degrees C, following administration of the drug. There was a significant rise of 0.75 degrees C in the rectal temperature of lean mice on 2 of the 5 days in the period. Body weight remained unchanged. Further experiments are necessary to determine the site of action at which DL-alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine brings about these effects at this dose in lean and obese mice. PMID- 31338 TI - [Which antihistaminics proved to be successful, due to their slight sedating effect, as day antihistaminings for the influencing of pruritus?]. PMID- 31339 TI - Hemoglobin J Rovigo (alpha53 Ala replaced by Asp) in association with beta thalassemia. PMID- 31341 TI - Proceedings of the Twenty-Second National Osteopathic Research Conference: Part 3. PMID- 31342 TI - An experimental educationally sponsored pilot internship program. PMID- 31340 TI - [Report of the conference for inner ear biology, Bordeaux 1977 (author's transl)]. PMID- 31343 TI - Peer review of the nurse educator: the process and development of a format. PMID- 31344 TI - Nursing practice decisions in emergencies: a course and how it was designed. PMID- 31345 TI - Nurses' preference of terminal digits in data reading. PMID- 31346 TI - The extended experience: operationalizing the ideal. AB - In general, community health faculty who have utilized Extended Experiences think they provide a unique way of exposing students to working with various professional disciplines, learning about administrative processes and identifying ways in which the community attempts to meet the needs of population groups. It allows students to enlarge their perception of the community health nurses' role beyond the scope of home visiting. We think that experiences such as these would be rewarding attempts by other faculty in assisting students to learn the complex role of today's community health nurse. PMID- 31347 TI - The pH-dependent influence of aminoglycoside antibiotics on iodohippurate accumulation in rabbit renal cortical slices. AB - The effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics on 125I-hippurate (OIH) accumulation in rabbit renal cortical slices were assessed in vitro using incubation media with pH-values ranging from 6.4 to 8.4 and containing streptomycin, kanamycin, amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin in concentrations ranging from 100 to 2,000 microgram base/ml. The aminoglycoside-induced inhibition of OIH accumulation was clearly pH-dependent and most pronounced at alkaline pH-values. At pH 6.4 and 7.4 the aminoglycosides had either no or only moderate effects on OIH accumulation, while all drugs produced a distinct depression in accumulation at pH 7.9 and 8.4. The microbiologically inert N-acetyl gentamicin had no influence on accumulation. The influence of aminoglycosides on OIH accumulation is probably related to the pKa-values of these drugs and implies the presence of free amino groups. PMID- 31348 TI - The influence of high concentrations of carbon dioxide on the germination of bacterial spores. PMID- 31349 TI - Colorimetric determination of arprinocid in feed. AB - An analytical method has been developed for the determination of arprinocid (9-(2 chloro-6-fluorophenylmethyl)-9H-purin-6-amine) in feed, based upon measurement of the absorbance of the diazo chromophore formed from a product of zinc reduction of the drug in acidic solution. The analyte is extracted from the feed into chloroform in the presence of a pH 7 phosphate buffer and isolated by adsorption chromatography on alumina, followed by partitioning between hexane and 0.15M HCl. The reduction product in the aqueous phase is then treated for colorimetric measurement. This procedure has been applied to determining 0.0010--0.0080% arprinocid in feed with a precision of less than 5% relative standard deviation near the middle of this concentration range. Of 32 feed additives examined, only zoalene and sulfamethazine were serious interferences. A study and discussion of several factors, e.g., reaction time, pH, and amount of zinc metal, that affect the analytical reactions are also included. PMID- 31350 TI - Symposium on drug residues in animal tissues. PMID- 31351 TI - Physiological role and membrane lipid modulation of the membrane-bound (Mg2+, na+)-adenosine triphosphatase activity in Acholeplasma laidlawii. AB - The membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of Acholeplasma laidlawii B differs in many respects from the common (Mg2+, Ca2+)-ATPase activity of higher bacteria, most notably in that it is specifically activated by Mg2+ and strongly and specifically stimulated by Na+ (or Li+). Various inhibitors diminish the ATPase activity with a concentration dependence which suggests that a single enzyme species is responsible for all of the observed ATP hydrolytic activity (both basal and Na+ stimulated). The Km for ATP is influenced by temperature but not by membrane lipid fatty acid composition. Vmax is influenced by both of these factors, showing a break in Arrhenius plots which falls below the lipid phase transition midpoint but well above the lower boundary when a phase transition occurs within the temperature range studied. The apparent energy of activation for Vmax is strongly influenced by lipid fatty acid composition both above and below the break. When whole cells of A. laidlawii B are incubated in KCl or NaCl buffers, they rapidly swell and lyse if deprived of an energy source or treated with ATPase inhibitors at concentrations which significantly inhibit enzyme activity in isolated membranes, whereas in sucrose or MgSO4 buffers of equal osmolarity, the cells are stable under these conditions. These results suggest that the membrane ATPase of A. laidlawii B is intimately associated with the membrane lipids and that it functions as a monovalent cation pump which regulates intracellular osmolarity as the (Na+, K+)-ATPase does in eucaryotes. PMID- 31352 TI - Nitrogen source regulates glutamine synthetase mRNA levels in Neurospora crassa. AB - Neurospora crassa glutamine synthetase mRNA was measured by its capacity to direct the synthesis of the specific protein in a cell-free system derived from rabbit reticulocytes. N. crassa cultures grown on glutamate as the sole nitrogen source had higher mRNA activities than did those grown on glutamine. The differences were about 10-fold when polysomal RNA was used for translation and about 5-fold when either total cellular RNA or polyadenylic acid-enriched cellular RNA was used. These data indicate that in exponentially growing N. crassa, the nitrogen source regulates glutamine synthetase by adjusting specific mRNA levels. PMID- 31353 TI - Unexpected and prolonged akinesia: a case report. AB - This report describes a male college student who experienced akinesia lasting almost 3 weeks following withdrawal from relatively brief, low-dose neuroleptic treatment. The literature is reviewed and the case is discussed with special focus upon the duration of extrapyramidal side effects. These syndromes are often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed and lead to unnecessary morbidity and noncompliance with recommended pharmacotherapy. PMID- 31354 TI - Pitfalls and prospects in clinical research on antianxiety drugs: benzodiazepines and placebo--a research review. AB - The research methodology of 78 double-blind studies comparing benzodiazepines and placebo in treating neurotic anxiety is critically reviewed. Many faults are noted in areas of subject selection, assessment of clinical response, study design and data analysis. Although 56.4% of the studies reviewed had results demonstrating a significant difference in clinical response between benzodiazepines and placebo, the frequent methodologic difficulties and inconsistent results from study to study lead the authors to question the efficacy of these drugs as a treatment for anxiety. A need for better designed studies is discussed and some research methodologies proposed. PMID- 31355 TI - Isolation and some properties of two deoxyribonucleases from a snail, Achatina fulica. AB - 1. Two main DNases were found in the dried liver extract of a snail, Achatina fulica. They were purified by the phosphocellulose batch method and by phosphocellulose column chromatography. The enzyme eluted earlier from the phosphocellulose column was designated as Achatina DNase-1 and the other as Achatina DNase-2. DNase-1 was purified further by QAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography (twice) just before use because of the instability of the purified enzyme. By these procedures, DNase-1 and 2 were purified 200- and 130-fold, respectively. 2. Divalent or monovalent cations had no marked effect on either enzyme. The showed pH optima of 4.8 (DNase-1) and 5.2 (DNase-2). Ionic strength was found to be critical for the maximal activity. The isoelectric points of DNase-1 and 2 were both 6.9. On heating at 70--75 degrees C for 5 min, each enzymic activity fell to half of the initial value. 3. The enzyme preparations degraded native DNA 1.5--2.5 times faster than heat-denatured DNA. They both degraded heat-denatured DNA endonucleolytically, to give oligonucleotides with 3' phosphates. 4. The 3'-phosphoryl and 5'-hydroxy termini of the resulting oligonucleotides were analyzed. DNase-1 possessed marked specificity for dThd at 3'-termini and dAdo at 5'-termini in the early stages of degradation, but only for dAdo at 5'-termini in the later stages. DNase-2 showed some preference for purine nucleotides at both 3'- and 5'-termini in the later stages of degradation. PMID- 31356 TI - Phosphoglucomutase from potato tubers. Chemical and catalytic properties. AB - The chemical and catalytic properties of potato phosphoglucomutase [EC 2.7.5.1] were studied using various enzyme species (Peaks Ia, Ib, Ic, and II; Takamiya, S. & Fukui, T. (1978) Plant Cell Physiol. 19, 319--328). The molecular weights of the species are all approximately 60,000. No indication of the presence of subunit structure was obtained under various conditions. The amino acid composition of Peak Ia is generally similar to those of the enzymes from other sources, though it has some peculiarities. The Peak Ia and Peak II enzymes both absolutely require alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and Mg2+ for activity, and appear to have a "ping-pong" mechanism. A low concentration of Be2+ inhibits their action, the inhibition being retarded either by Mg2 or EDTA. Although the inhibition patterns by various metabolites, are similar for Peaks Ia and II, they differ in their kinetic parameters and optimal pH values. PMID- 31357 TI - Bovine platelet myosin. III. Properties of Mg- and Ca-ATPase. PMID- 31358 TI - Isolation and identification of urinary beta-aspartyl dipeptides and their concentrations in human urine. AB - beta-Aspartyl-methionine, -aspartic acid and -glutamic acid and gamma-glutamyl threonine and -glycine were isolated and identified in human urine by ion exchange chromatography, high-voltage paper electrophoresis, acid hydrolysis and determination of N-terminal amino acids of the isolated compounds, and comparison of their behaviors in paper electrophoresis and chromatography with those of the authentic compounds. The concentrations of acidic beta-aspartyl dipeptides in human urine were determined using an amino acid analyzer. Their concentrations were as follows: beta-aspartyl-glycine, male, 44.4 +/- 8.5, female, 61.4 +/- 18.9, child, 83.7 +/- 27.1; -alanine, male, 11.0 +/- 4.9, female, 20.7 +/- 12.0, child, 25.3 +/- 9.1; -glutamic acid, male, 10.0 +/- 3.7, female, 23.0 +/- 8.5, child, 20.4 +/- 7.5; -serine, male, 9.9 +/- 2.8, female, 13.6 +/- 3.8, child, 14.9 +/- 4.7; -aspartic acid, male, 4.3 +/- 1.0, female, 9.1 +/- 2.2, child, 18.4 +/- 6.5; -threonine, male 3.9 +/- 0.9, female, 5.8 +/- 1.1, child, 13.2 +/- 4.9 mumol/g creatinine (mean +/- S.D.). The order of the sum of their concentrations tended to be child greater than female greater than male. Patients receiving intravenous hyperalimentation also excreted acidic beta-aspartyl dipeptides into urine in amounts similar to those in females and in a pattern similar to that observed in healthy persons. This finding indicates that urinary beta-aspartyl dipeptides were probably of endogenous origin because oral nutrition was stringently excluded in these patients. PMID- 31359 TI - Purification and properties of a new cathepsin from rat liver. AB - 1) A lysosomal protease, a new cathepsin that inactivates glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.49] and some other enzymes and differs from cathepsin B [EC 3.4.22.1] was purified about 2,200-fold from crude extracts of rat liver by cell-fractionation, freezing and thawing, acetone treatment, gel filtration, and DEAE Sephadex and CM-Sephadex column chromatographies. 2) The new cathepsin was markedly activated by the thiol-reagent, 2-mercaptoethanol and inhibited by monoiodoacetate. 3) The molecular weight of the new cathepsin was found by Sephadex G-75 column chromatography to be 22,000, which is smaller than that of cathepsin B. 4) The optimum pH of the enzyme for inactivation of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase was pH 5.0--5.5. The enzyme was unstable in alkali and on heat treatment. 5) The rates of inactivation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, apo-ornithine aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.13], apo-tyrosine aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.5], apo-cystathionase [EC 4.4.1.1], glucokinase [EC 2.7.1.2], glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.2.1.12], and malate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.37] by the new cathepsin were higher than those by cathepsin B. However aldolase [EC 4.1.2.13] was inactivated more rapidly by cathepsin B than by the new cathepsin. Lactate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.27], glutamate dehydrogenase [EC 1.4.1.2] and alcohol dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.1] were not inactivated by either cathepsin. Unlike cathepsin B, the new cathepsin scarcely hydrolyzes N-substituted derivatives of arginine. PMID- 31360 TI - The metabolism of [carboxyl-14C]anthranilic acid. I. The incorporation of radioactivity into NAD+ and NADP+. AB - A new pathway of NAD+ synthesis from anthranilic acid was found in the livers of rats. Starting from [carboxyl-14C]anthranilic acid, radioactive NAD+ and NADP+ were produced as judged by Dowex-1 X 8-formate column chromatography followed by radiochromatography. Several intermediate compounds, such as quinolinic acid, nicotinic acid mononucleotide, and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide were also identified with the aid of various chromatographic techniques. In the experiments with liver microsomal hydroxylation systems, anthranilic acid was converted into not only 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid but also 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. PMID- 31361 TI - Studies on the mechanism of the malate dehydrogenase reaction. AB - The stereospecificity of the chicken heart mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase as well as the ability of this enzyme to form various abortive complexes has been further investigated. The enzyme was found to be specific for the A-hydrogen of NADH. Complex formation of the enzyme with oxalacetate and oxidized coenzymes is pH-dependent and is promoted at alkaline pH values. The enol form of oxalacetate appears to be the species that participates in the formation of the complexes. The binding of L-malate, D-malate, or hydroxymalonate to the enzyme. NADH complex is also pH-dependent, and involves a group on the enzyme with a pK of 7.5. The binding of L-malate is promoted at alkaline pH values, whereas the binding of D malate and hydroxymalonate is favored at acidic pH values. These results indicate that L-malate and enol-oxalacetate preferentially or exclusively bind to the nonprotonated form of the enzyme, whereas keto-oxalactate, hydroxymalonate, and D malate only bind to the protonated form of the enzyme. Based on this conclusion, a detailed chemical mechanism for the malate dehydrogenase reaction has been postulated and a schematic illustration of the transition state of the enzyme is presented. PMID- 31362 TI - Identification of the high and low potential flavins of liver microsomal NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase. PMID- 31363 TI - Conformation of functionally homologous proteins. Turtle and bovine ribonucleases. PMID- 31364 TI - Regulation of glycosphingolipid metabolism in mouse neuroblastoma and glioma cell lines. Comparison of glioma (oligodendroglioma-like) with neutroblastoma cell lines. PMID- 31365 TI - Purification of soluble guanylate cyclase from rat lung. AB - The soluble form of guanylate cyclase from rat lung has been purified approximately 23,000-fold to homogeneity by isoelectric precipitation, GTP Sepharose chromatography, and preparative gel electrophoresis. A single protein staining band is observed after analytical gel electrophoresis on either 4 or 7.5% polyacrylamide gels. The final purified enzyme has a specific activity of about 700 nmol of cyclic GMP formed/min/mg of protein at 37 degrees C in the presence of 4.8 mM MnCl2 and 100 micrometer GTP. Bovine serum albumin appears to slightly increase guanylate cyclase activity, but mainly stabilizes the purified enzyme; in its presence, specific activities in excess of 1 mumol of cyclic GMP formed/min/mg of enzyme protein can be obtained. When Mg2+ or Ca2+ are substituted for Mn2+, specific activities decrease to approximately 21 and 40 nmol of cyclic GMP formed/min/mg of protein, respectively. The apparent Michaelis constant for MnGTP in the presence of 4.8 mM MnCl2 is 10.2 micrometer. Kinetic patterns on double reciprocal plots as a function of free Mn2+ are concave downward. The native enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 151,000 as determined on Sephacryl S-200; sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results in two protein-staining bands with approximate molecular weights of 79,400 and 74,000. Thus, it appears that the soluble form of guanylate cyclase from rat lung exists as a dimer. PMID- 31366 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the eighteenth annual meeting the American Society for Cell Biology. PMID- 31367 TI - Isolated flagellar apparatus of Chlamydomonas: characterization of forward swimming and alteration of waveform and reversal of motion by calcium ions in vitro. AB - The control of flagellar activity in the biflagellate green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was investigated by the in vitro reactivation of the isolated flagellar apparatus (the 2 flagella attached to their respective basal bodies plus accessory structures). The waveform and beat frequency of the isolated apparatus in the presence of 1 mM adenosine triphophate (ATP) were comparable to those recorded for living cells. Equimolar concentrations of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) could be substituted for ATP with little change in beat frequency and no apparent change in waveform, suggesting that the latter is converted to ATP by axonemal adenylate kinase. No reactivation occurred in adenosine monophosphate (AMP). But frequencies in cytidine, guanosine and uridine triphosphates (CTP, GTP and UTP) were approximately 10% that obtained in ATP. Reactivation was optimal over a broad pH range between pH 6.4 and pH 8.9 in both APT and ADP. Isolated flagellar apparatus could be induced to change from forward to reverse motion in vitro by manipulation of exogenous calcium ions. The 2 types of motion were directly comparable to recorded responses of living cells. Forward swimming occurred at levels of calcium below 10(-6)M, the isolated apparatus changing to backward motion above this level. Motility was inhibited at concentrations above 10(-3)M. The threshold for reversal of motion by calcium was lowered to 10(-7)M when the flagellar membranes were solubilized with detergent, indicating that the flagellar membranes are involved in the regulaion of the level of calcium within the axoneme. The reversal of motion by calcium was itself freely reversible. The relationship of these observations to the known tactic responses of Chlamydomonas is discussed. PMID- 31368 TI - IgG receptors on foetal chick yolk sac. AB - In the chicken, maternal IgG is deposited in the oocyte yolk and subsequently transported intact by the foetal chick yolk sac into the chick circulation. Such transport appears to require a specific membrane-localized IgG receptor. Using the assay of 125I-yolk IgG binding, we have investigated the existence and properties of such receptors in yolk sac tissue disks. We find that: (1) There are specific, 125I-IgG binding sites on yolk sac tissue; (2) specific yolk 125I IgG binding has a distinct pH optimum at pH 6.0--6.3; (3) the apparent equilibrium dissociation constant of specific 125I-IgG binding is 2--3 X 10(-6) M; and (4) heterologous proteins compete less efficently than yolk IgG for 125I IgG binding. PMID- 31369 TI - Capillary precipitin typing of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - The Neufeld test is presently the method of choice for typing Streptococcus pneumoniae. Although the test is reliable and relatively easy to perform, a simpler test, not requiring microscopic examination, would facilitate large-scale testing. A capillary precipitine test has been designed and tested for its usefulness in typing pneumococci. The type-specific carbohydrate antigens were obtained from broth culture supernatants. The antigens were reacted with type specific antisera in glass capillary pipettes. Results from 82 reference antigens and 166 antigens from diagnostic pneumococcal strains showed that the reactions ere specific, and the results agreed with Neufeld test results. These results indicate that the precipitin test is as specific as the Neufeld test. The test is easy to perform, requires small amounts of antiserum, and can be completed in a short period of time. PMID- 31370 TI - Detection of human intestinal bacterial overgrowth by sulfasalazine. PMID- 31371 TI - Effects of adding a Medex on practice costs and productivity. AB - Archival data on ten rural practices employing a Medex and on ten matched controls were compared to determine changes in the volume of patients seen and changes in the practice finances before and after the employment of a Medex. There were no significant differences in the changes in patient volume; however, the practices that employed a Medex showed an increase in revenue and in net profit per physician. On the average, the net profit increased approximately $11,000 (22%) for the physicians with Medex, compared with $9,000 (21%) for the control physicians. PMID- 31372 TI - Immobilization of rat lung soluble guanylate cyclase on alkyl-agarose gels. AB - The soluble guanylate cyclase from rat lung was immobilized by absorption rather than covalent attachment on hexyl-, octyl-, or decyl-agarose. The enzyme retained activity after being bound to these matrices and could be compared to the soluble, mobile form of the enzyme. Compared to the soluble enzyme, the immobilized guanylate cyclase had a lower apparent maximal velocity and a higher apparent Km for MeGTP in the presence of Mg2+, Ca2+, or Mn2+. The apparent maximum velocity was reduced to the same extent by hexyl-, octyl-, or decyl agarose, but the reduction in activity was greater with Mg2+ than with Ca2+ or Mn2+. Both the soluble and immobilized guanylate cyclase displayed concave downward patterns on double reciprocal polots as a function of Mn2+, and Ca2+ caused apparent activation of either form of the enzyme. MnATP appeared to be a linear competitive inhibitor with respect to MnGTP for both forms of the enzymes but the ki was 3 micron for the soluble form and 30 micron for the immobilized form. These results demonstrate that the soluble form of guanylate cyclase from rat lung retains many of its basic properties after being immobilized on a hydrophobic matrix; however, rather pronounced decreases in the maximum velocity and increases in the apparent Michaelis constant for MeGTP, particularly for MgGTP, are observed upon immobilization. PMID- 31373 TI - Hemodialysis for phenformin associated lactic acidosis. AB - A patient who attempted suicide by ingesting a large amount of phenformin developed a severe lactic acidosis. After receiving hemodialysis on two successive days, she recovered without sequela. On both occasions, the dialyses temporarily improved the degree of acidosis. The amount of phenformin extracted during these two procedures was measured and found to be only 1.5% of the total amount of drug ingested. Therefore, it is felt that hemodialysis does not remove the offending drug but does play a supportive role in the management of these patients by temporarily ameliorating some of the biochemical abnormalities. PMID- 31374 TI - The physicians assistant: a new breed of dental educator. AB - This article presents the concept of the physicians assistant as a new manpower source for teaching physical diagnosis in the dental school curriculum, and describes the role of the physicians assistant at The University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry. The education and training of the physicians assistant are explored, and his or her qualifications for teaching this type of course are considered. The advantages and cost effectiveness of using this type of educator, rather than a physician, are discussed. Finally, the positive impact of these new educators at Oklahoma is reviewed. Based on our experience, we suggest that other colleges of dentistry investigate this new manpower resource. PMID- 31375 TI - [Several neurochemical mechanisms of learning and memory]. PMID- 31376 TI - The Acoustical Society of America and the Acoustical Society of Japan Joint Meeting, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 31377 TI - Assessment of a dental anxiety scale. AB - A number of different sets of data concerning the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale were evaluated. The data indicate that the scale is a reliable, valid, and useful measure of dental anxiety. It can be successfully used in the dental office or in research projects. PMID- 31378 TI - An experimental study on "replantation toxemia". The effect of hypothermia on an amputated limb. AB - Hind legs of dogs were amputated at the middle of the thigh and preserved in three different conditions: in ice water, in a refrigerator, and at room temperature. After 6 or 12 hours of ischemia, recirculation was established. The survival rate of the animals was observed and measurement of limb edema, potassium, pH, and lactate in the blood was performed to study the effects of hypothermia on prevention of "replantation toxemia." Cooling of the amputated limb was effective for prevention of toxemia, and the cooling effect was greater in ice water than in a refrigerator. However, when cooled in ice water, some animals died due to toxemia when the time of ischemia was prolonged to 12 hours. In the dead animals, a close relationship was observed between the developement of toxemia and metabolic acidosis due to the increase in lactate. PMID- 31379 TI - Studies with Brugia pahangi. 18. Anthelmintic effects of stibocaptate. AB - Stibocaptate (Asiban, Hoffman--La Roche) killed third stage larvae of Brugia pahangi in vitro at 50 p.p.m. but had no effect on microfilariae at 1 X 10(4) p.p.m No larvae developed in infected mosquitoes fed 1% stibocaptate in 10% sucrose. It was neither micro-nor macrofilaricidal in either jirds or cats but did affect embryogenesis. PMID- 31396 TI - Pyridoxal phosphatase: cytochemical localization in GERL and other organelles of rat neurons. AB - A phosphatase, hydrolyzing pyridoxal-5-phosphate (P5P), a physiologically active component of the vitamin B6 complex and an essential co-enzyme in the synthesis of neurotransmitters, has been localized cytochemically in the perikarya of neurons in the peripheral, autonomic and central nervous systems of the rat. Neurons in dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic ganglia and ventral horn of spinal cord were studied by light and electron microscopy, while Purkinje cells, neurons in the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum, thalamus, and hypothalamus were studied by light microscopy only. Optimal conditions for demonstrating this activity in aldehyde-fixed tissue were determined with dorsal root ganglia. At the optimal pH of 5.0, neurons in these ganglia and in all other neurons studied show pyridoxal 5-phosphatase (P5Pase) activity in GERL. Small neurons in dorsal root ganglia also display enzyme activity in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); activities in GERL and ER are also appreciably high at neutral pH. Small and large neurons in these ganglia, and neurons of sympathetic ganglia, show variable P5Pase activity in the Golgi apparatus. These localizations differ from the usual sites of both acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities. The P5Pase activity, demonstrated cytochemically, is a new acid hydrolase activity in GERL. PMID- 31397 TI - Studies on acid lipase, and E 600-resistant acid esterase activities in human tissue homogenates. AB - Detailed comparison of acid lipase and acid esterase activities of human spleen, liver and kidney homogenates has been carried out by means of the following substrates: 14C-tripalmitin, alpha-naphthyl acetate, alpha-naphthyl butyrate, alpha-naphthyl laurate, p-nitro-phenyl acetate, butyrate and laurate. In addition, homogenates of the three tissues were subjected to isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels and histochemical staining with the above mentioned naphthyl substrates in the presence and absence of the organophosphate esterase inhibitor diethyl-p-nitrophenyl phosphate (E 600). These studies provide extensive support for the proposal that E 600-resistant acid naphthyl butyryl and lauryl esterase activities in human tissues derive largely from the enzyme acid lipase. The studies suggest that the most specific chromogenic substrate for this enzyme at a biochemical and histochemical level is alpha-napthyl laurate in the presence of E600 (3 X 10(-6) M). PMID- 31398 TI - Multiple forms with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in Musca domestica L. as revealed by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate gel. AB - Single newly emerged males of Musca domestica, WHO strain, usually show five electrophoretic bands of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity. Of these five molecular forms, designated with Roman numerals in order from the origin, we have considered the first three: these have been characterized with respect to their substrate and coenzyme specificity and to their sensitivity to some sulfhydryl inhibitors. The data show band III to be G6P specific, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dependent and to be a type I enzyme according to Kamada and Hori's classification. Bands I and II, on the other hand, show wide substrate specificity and low sensitivity to the sulfhydryl inhibitors assayed. In addition, in the absence of an exogenous substrate and in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as a coenzyme, fairly weak bands, which can be ascribed to the so called "nothing dehydrogenase" effect, are seen in the position I and II. Nevertheless, the data reported do not allow a clear definition of the enzymatic type corresponding to bands I and II of G6PD activity. PMID- 31399 TI - The in vitro conversion of a specific molecular form of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Musca domestica L. AB - A nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dependent glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), belonging to type I of Kamada and Hori's classification, is present on the zymograms of newly emerged males of Musca domestica. It is capable of undergoing tryptic degradation and being thus transformed into a different active enzymatic form, with some of its catalytic properties unchanged, but with different electrophoretic mobility. We show in this paper that this specific G6PD form of gut origin in M. domestica is not a tissue-specific enzyme, but rather a product of hydrolytic degradation by gut proteinases which act during the process of homogenization. Besides, the G6PD of type I in the housefly is shown to be sensitive to the "storage effect" and to protection by mercaptoethanol, contrary to its hydrolytic gut form which is not sensitive to these processes. In this connection, we discuss the possible reasons for these differences in behavior. PMID- 31400 TI - National Bureau of Economic Research conference on the economics of physician and patient behavior. Proceedings. PMID- 31401 TI - Syngeneic GvH induced in popliteal lymph nodes by spleen cells of old C57BL/6 mice. AB - The frequency of autoimmune processes seems to increase with age. We have studied here whether lymphoid cells of aged mice have the potential to express autoreactivity by the use of the in vivo graft-vs-host (GvH) assay. It was found that spleen cells from old (104 weeks) C57BL mice caused significant enlargement of the popliteal lymph node upon injection into the footpads of syngeneic young or old recipients. Histologically this enlargement presented characteristics of a GvH reaction. This effect, which was not abolished by irradiation of the hosts, was totally cancelled by in vitro irradiation or by anti-theta treatment of the donor cells. These results indicate that T cells from aged mice have the potential to manifest autoimmune reactivity. PMID- 31402 TI - Enhanced intracellular cGMP concentrations and lectin-induced lymphocyte transformation. PMID- 31403 TI - Effect of prolonged occlusion on the microbial flora, pH, carbon dioxide and transepidermal water loss on human skin. AB - The effects of prolonged occlusion on the normal microbial skin flora, pH, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and carbon dioxide emission rate (CDER) were studied. The total average counts before occlusion were 1.8 X 10(2)/cm(2) and increased to 4.5 X 10(6) on day 5. The highest counts were noted on day 4(9.8 X 10(7)/cm(2)). The composition changed: controls comprised of 63% coagulase negative staphylococci, 6% micrococci, 17% diphtheroids and 6% bacilli. After 5 days of occlusion, the percent compositon was: 63% coagulase negative staphylococci, 11% micrococci, 4% diphtheroids, 19% lipophilic diphtheroids and less than 0.003% gram negative rods. The pH of the skin before occlusion was 4.38 and increased to 7.05 on day 5. After 5 days of occlusion TEWL increased from 0.56 mg/cm2/hr to 1.87 mg/cm2/hr and CO2 emmission increased from 25 nl/cm2/min to 118 nl/cm2/min. PMID- 31404 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at the 51th General Meeting of the Japanese Biochemical Society (author's transl)]. PMID- 31405 TI - [Proceedings of the 75th Annual Scientific Session of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 31406 TI - High voltage electron microscopy 1977. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on High Voltage Electron Microscopy. PMID- 31407 TI - Models for assessing the effect of toxicants on immunocompetence in mice. Part I: The effect of diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine on antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. AB - This study characterizes the response of BALB/c mice to Type III pneumococcal polysaccharides (S3) administered alone or with a vaccine consisting of diphtheria toxoid, pertussis vaccine, and tetanus toxoid (DPT). The usefulness of this vaccine in toxicological protocols for determining immunocompetence is discussed. There were significant differences in antibody titers depending upon the route of injection and whether the S3 was administered in saline or mixed with DPT. Subcutaneous injections induced higher antibody titers to S3 than did intraperitoneal injections. The effect of DPT varied depending upon the manner of administration. Subcutaneous injections of DPT mixed with S3 increased the S3 antibody titers to a dose of 0.1 microgram S3, but had little or no effect at 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 microgram. Antibody titers were suppressed only at the highest dose administered (1.0 microgram). On the other hand, when administered intraperitoneally DPT has a consistently suppressive effect on 5 day peak S3 antibody titers. Intraperitoneal injections of DPT appeared to delay the rate of antibody induction, since antibody titers at 14 and 21 days were higher in the DPT treated mice than in those animals receiving S3 alone. PMID- 31408 TI - Proceedings of the Second Annual Conference on the Status of Predictive Tools in Application to Safety Evaluation: Hazards from Toxic Chemicals. PMID- 31409 TI - Enteroendocrine APUD cells in the digestive tract of larval Barbus conchonius (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). AB - The development of Barbus conchonius is described with special attention to the differentiation of the gut. Amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) are present in enteroendocrine cells during development, whereas these processes are lacking in adult specimens. The first APUD cells originate on the fourth day of development in the anterior part of the gut and on the fifth day in the caudal areas. The APUD facility of the cells disappears within 2 days, and after the 6th day APUD cells can no longer be distinguished in the intestinal epithelium. The first APUD cells were obsserved when four types of enteroendocrine cells were recognized with the electron microscope. These enteroendocrine cells contain granules of different electron densities, and microtubules and cilia can be observed. Some enteroendocrine-like cells are found below the basement membrane of the intestinal epithelium, indicating a possible extra-endodermal origin. APUD cells, except melanoblasts, have not been found migrating from the neural crest in ventral direction. The origin of the enteroendocrine cells of B. conchonius is discussed. PMID- 31410 TI - The mouse gut T lymphocyte, a novel type of T cell. Nature, origin, and traffic in mice in normal and graft-versus-host conditions. AB - Lymphocytes of the mouse intestinal mucosa, identified in tissue sections or purified suspensions of intraepithelial lymphocytes as T cells (gut T lymphocytes [GTL]), were studied in normal mice or in beige mice (the equivalent of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome in man, characterized by giant granules in various cell types, including mast cells). Mice were studied in normal or in germ-free conditions, or during a graft versus host (GVH) reaction resulting from the injection of parental thymocytes into lethally irradiated F1 mice, a condition leading to massive accumulation of T lymphocytes of donor origin in the host gut mucosa. In normal as well as in GVH conditions, a high percentage of the gut IE lymphocytes contain granules (up to 80% in the beige mouse). These granules have ultrastructural, hostochemical and other features resembling those of mast cell granules; in beige mice, up to 50% of them can be shown to contain histamine. Granulated T cells are also found in the lamina propria. It appears that the GTL may progressively lose their surface T antigens when the granules become more developed. Kinetics of [3H]TdR labeling of the GTL, transfer experiments with T cells of various origins, selective [3H]TdR labeling and selective irradiation of the Peyer's patches (PP), and effect of thoraic duct (TD) drainage led to the conclusion that GTL are the progeny of T cells stimulated to divide in the PP microenvironment, which endows them with a gut-homing tendency. From the PP, these cells follow a cycle, migrating to the TD and to the blood to colonize the whole intestinal mucosa, the majority of them as dividing cells undergoing a single round of traffic, with some probably able to recirculate and becoming a more long-lived variety. Antigenic stimulation within the PP is necessary for the emergence of GTL progenitors, but their gut-homing property is unrelated to the antigen as shown with fetal gut grafts, notably in GVH where grafts syngeneic to the host or donor become similarly infiltrated by GTL. On the basis of their properties and of further evidence to be reported elsewhere, it is proposed that GTL belong to a special class of T lymphocytes, related to the immune defenses of the mucosal systems in general, and capable of acting as progenitors of mucosal mast cells. PMID- 31411 TI - Facilitation of transmitter release at squid synapses. AB - Facilitation is shown to decay as a compound exponential with two time constants (T1, T2) at both giant and non-giant synapses in squid stellate ganglia bathed in solutions having low extracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca++]o). Maximum values of facilitation (F1) were significantly larger, and T1 was significantly smaller in giant than non-giant synapses. Decreases in [Ca++]o or increases in [Mn++]o had variable effects on T1 and F1, whereas decreases in temperature increased T1 but had insignificant effects on F1. The growth of facilitation during short trains of equal interval stimuli was adequately predicted by the linear summation model developed by Mallart and Martin (1967. J. Physiol. (Lond.). 193:676--694) for frog neuromuscular junctions. This result suggests that the underlying mechanisms of facilitation are similar in squid and other synapses which release many transmitter quanta. PMID- 31412 TI - Presynaptic potentials and facilitation of transmitter release in the squid giant synapse. AB - Presynaptic potentials were studied during facilitation of transmitter release in the squid giant synapse. Changes in action potentials were found to cause some, but not all, of the facilitation during twin-pulse stimulation. During trains of action potentials, there were no progressive changes in presynaptic action potentials which could account for the growth of facilitation. Facilitation could still be detected in terminals which had undergone conditioning depolarization or hyperpolarization. Facilitation could be produced by small action potentials in low [Ca++]o and by small depolarizations in the presence of tetrodotoxin. Although the production of facilitation varied somewhat with presynaptic depolarization, nevertheless, approximately equal amounts of facilitation could be produced by depolarizations which caused the release of very different amounts of transmitter. PMID- 31413 TI - Some characteristics of Ureaplasma urealyticum. Urease activity in a simple buffer: effect of metal ions and sulphydryl inhibitors. AB - Urealytic activity of the cytoplasmic fraction of Ureaplasma urealyticum prepared by digitonin lysis was assayed in a simple buffer system (HEPES plus EDTA) by measuring the release of 14CO2 from [14C]urea. The Km of this preparation agreed with our previous observations of the same activity measured in a more complex reaction mixture. The substrate concentration at which maximum velocity occurred was approximately 20 mM. The activity was sensitive to heavy metals and inhibitors which react with sulphydryl groups such as N-ethylmaleimide and p chloromercuribenzoate. It was not inhibited by Ca2+ or Mg2+ or by the reaction products, ammonia and carbon dioxide. PMID- 31414 TI - Photosensitization of herpes simplex virus type 1 with neutral red. AB - Commercial neutral red (NR) originally containing at least 8 components was purified by thin layer chromatography. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) treated in vitro with 30 microgram/ml of purified NR became sensitive to light inactivation within 2 min but rapidly lost this sensitivity upon dilution. Similarly, virus grown in the presence of NR lost its photosensitivity upon dilution of the virus stock. In both cases the kinetics of inactivation appeared to be multi-hit. Photoinactivation of intracellular virus was most effective when NR was applied between 6 and 12 h post-infection. The most efficient inactivation occurred when virus at pH 8.8 was irradiated by light at a wavelength of 470 nm. PMID- 31415 TI - Secondary depression in anxiety neurosis. AB - Forty-four per cent of 112 patients with anxiety neurosis reported episodes of depression during the course of their illness compared with only 7 per cent of surgical controls. Although the majority developed in response to environmental circumstances and were of brief duration, they commonly led to psychiatric treatment or hospitalization in this group of patients. Patients who developed this complication were shown to have a more chronic and severe underlying illness. PMID- 31416 TI - Frightening dreams and dosage schedule of tricyclic and neuroleptic drugs. AB - One previous study reported that psychiatric inpatients on bedtime-only doses of tricyclic or neuroleptic drugs reported more frequent frightening dreams than did those on divided daily doses. As a further test of this hypothesis, and in order to see whether differences in frequency of frightening dreams were a function of differences in total dream recall, we administered a questionnaire to outpatients in a Veterans Administration Hospital Mental Hygiene Clinic, asking about frequency of dream recall, frequency of frightening dream recall, and doses and times of any medications taken. Questionnaire reports of medications were checked with the medical record of the patient; for 48 patients on tricyclic or neuroleptic drugs the reports agreed, and the data of these patients were analyzed. Our findings corroborated the previous report of more frequent frightening dreams in patients on bedtime-only dosage schedules (p less than .01). In addition, we found no significant difference between the two groups with respect to frequency of dream recall; thus a difference in the affect of dreams, rather than a difference in quantity of dream recall, constituted the difference between the two groups. When a patient on bedtime doses of tricyclic or neuroleptic drugs has undesirable frightening dreams, the clinician should consider a change to divided daily doses. PMID- 31417 TI - Abstracts: program of the 1978 annual meeting of the Optical Society of America, San Francisco, California, 31 October, 1, 2, and 3 November 1978. PMID- 31418 TI - Prostaglandins: physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology and clinical applications. PMID- 31419 TI - Induced hypotension for orthognathic surgery. AB - Achieving satisfactory hemostasis during orthognathic surgery may be difficult because of the extensive vascularity of facial structures. Hypotensive anesthetic techniques provide clear operative fields by altering regional tissue perfusion through the use of systemic vasodilators, ganglionic blocking agents, and positioning of the patient. Thorough monitoring during surgery, careful selection of patients, and close communication between the surgeon and anesthesiologist permit safe anesthesia, can decrease operating time, and usually obviate the need for transfusions. PMID- 31420 TI - Isolation of anaerobes in Ludwig angina. PMID- 31421 TI - Continuous measurement of oxygen saturation in sick newborn infants. PMID- 31422 TI - Fever, diarrhea, anemia, rash, and acrocyanosis in a 2-month-old girl. PMID- 31423 TI - Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency associated with severe neonatal hyperammonemia: activity of urea cycle enzymes. PMID- 31424 TI - Survival of human milk leukocytes. PMID- 31425 TI - Hemolymph of Anopheles stephensi from noninfected and Plasmodium berghei-infected mosquitoes. 1. Collection procedure and physical characteristics. AB - Hemolymph was collected from adult female Anopheles stephensi by centrifugation of incised mosquitoes. Approximately 0.1 muliter was collected from each recently emerged mosquito, although smaller amounts were recovered with increasing age of the mosquito. Determinations were made of the pH, osmotic pressure, and specific gravity of this hemolymph at various times during the life of the adult mosquito. The values obtained were within the ranges found for other insects. Hemolymph collected from mosquitoes fed on hamsters infected with Plasmodium berghei had different values than hemolymph from mosquitoes fed on noninfected hamsters. This probably was due to differences between the quality of these 2 types of blood meals, rather than to the direct effects of the malaria parasite on the infected mosquito itself. PMID- 31426 TI - The effect of some formulation and process variables on the surface roughness of film-coated tablets. AB - The effect of some formulation and process variables on the surface appearance of film-coated tablets has been examined by measuring the arithmetic mean roughness, Ra, values across the faces of tablets before and after they were coated with hydroxypropyl methyl-cellulose. For all tablet cores except those that were very porous, film coating resulted in an increasing surface roughness; for very porous cores a decrease was found. Tablets with rough surfaces were produced by coating with low molecular weight grades of the polymer; increasing the polymer molecular weight resulted in a smoother finish with a minimum roughness at intermediate molecular weight grades. Increasing the polymer concentration above 2% w/v caused an increase in roughness as did increasing film thickness to 140 micrometer. There was a minimum in roughness at film thickness of 20 micrometer. The addition of pigment in low concentrations (0--25% v/v) caused a marginal increase in surface roughness but at concentrations above the critical pigment volume concentration, the surfaces were very rough. The results illustrate the potential of the method in the optimization of film formulations and process conditions during product development. PMID- 31427 TI - Effects of temperature on the tensile strength of pharmaceutical powders. AB - Measurements have been made of the tensile strengths of fatty acids, lactose and of an oxtetracycline and a paracetamol tablet formulation at temperatures between -20 and +90 degrees. The measurements were made on compressed tablets and on consolidated beds of powders, using a diametral compression tester and a split plate tensile tester which had been designed to operate over this range of temperature. The tensile strengths of all the materials increase with temperature and values are given for the activation energies of bonding between particles. PMID- 31428 TI - Chlorhexidine kinetics of hydrophilic contact lenses. PMID- 31429 TI - Lithium-6 stable isotope determination by atomic absorption spectroscopy and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in man. AB - No useful radioisotope of lithium exists to assist in the study of its biochemical pharmacology. A simple method has been developed for the determination of the stable isotope 6Li by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The technique is applicable in any laboratory equipped with simple AAS apparatus. Analysis of total lithium content (E) by flame emission spectroscopy is followed by separate determination (A6 and A7) of atomic absorption by the sample of the light emitted by separate hollow cathode lamps manufactured from the isotopes 6Li and 7Li. The standard curve of absorption ratio (A6/A7) against isotopic ratio (6Li/7Li) at any concentration (E) is an exponential which may be solved using a simple programmable calculator. Application of this method to the study of the pharmacokinetics of 6Li administered to 4 normal volunteers previously loaded with 7Li suggests that the rate of appearance of lithium in blood is unaffected by the previous state of lithium loading. PMID- 31430 TI - Sustained release of sulphadiazine. AB - An implantable system was developed which released sulphadiazine in mice over an extended period of time efficacious against infective challenges by Plasmodium berghei. The most successful preparation was a copolymer of L(+)-lactic acid + (+/-)-lactic acid (90 and 10% by weight, respectively) with a molecular weight of 150 000, with which sulphadiazine was mixed at 33.3% of the total weight, in a formulation as beads of 1.5 mm diameter. This preparation released sulphadiazine at a nearly constant rate over three months as measured by the appearance in urine of mice of radioactivity from [35S] sulphadiazine in transplanted material. When implanted in mice, the beads gave effective protection against repetitive (weekly) infective challenges with P. berghei by implanted beads at dosages equivalent to 57 mg kg(-1) sulphadiazine and greater over 21 weeks. PMID- 31431 TI - Distribution of pellets in the gastrointestinal tract. The influence on transit time exerted by the density or diameter of pellets. AB - The influence on transit time exerted by the density or diameter of pellets has been established in six ileostomy subjects. An increase in density from 1.0 to 1.6 significantly increased the average transit time of pellets in the small intestine. The average transit time for the light and heavy pellets being 7 and 25 h respectively. The diameter of pellets is of minor significance. The findings suggest the use of density as a means of modifying the period of absorption of controlled-release pellets. PMID- 31432 TI - Dopamine antagonistic effects of a series of analogues of oxiperomide and spiroxatrine measured behaviourally in the rodent. AB - The activity spectra of oxiperomide, spiroxatrine and analogues were determined in two experimental models of abnormal peri-oral movements (induced by intrastriatal dopamine and subcutaneously administered 2-(NN-dipropyl)amino-5,6 dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (NN-diPr-5,6-diOHATN) in the guinea-pig), and in a stereotypy test (induced by subcutaneous apomorphine in the guinea-pig); the ability of the test compounds to induce catalepsy or catatonia in the rat was also determined. The parent compounds oxiperomide and spiroxatrine possessed optimal activity in all tests, although responses to the series of compounds allowed clear differentiation between an ability to antagonize the peri-oral movements (dopamine- or NN-di Pr-5,6-diOHATN induced) and an ability to antagonize apomorphine stereotypy. However, all compounds that antagonized the abnormal peri-oral movements also caused catalepsy/catatonia. The results are considered in terms of the selection of suitable agent(s) for the treatment of peri-oral dyskinesias. PMID- 31433 TI - Potentiation of neostigmine and pyridostigmine by 4-aminopyridine in the rat. AB - The interaction between 4-aminopyridine and neostigmine or pyridostigmine was studied in vivo in the rat sciatic nerve-anterior tibialis preparation using the constant infusion of pancuronium technique. The ED50 (dose of drug which produced a 50% antagonism) of neostigmine, pyridostigmine and 4-aminopyridine were 18, 49 and 440 microgram kg(-1) respectively. The addition of 100 microgram kg(-1) of 4 aminopyridine, which produced no antagonism by itself, decreased the neostigmine ED50 to 7.4 microgram kg(-1). The addition of 200 microgram kg(-1) of 4 aminopyridine, which produced a 30% antagonism by itself, decreased the ED50 of pyridostigmine to 11 microgram kg(-1). We conclude that both neostigmine and pyridostigmine interact with 4-aminopyrine synergistically. PMID- 31434 TI - The effects of a hydroxyl group on some chemical and biological properties of n pentyl ammonium salts. AB - The effects of a hydroxyl group on the activity and affinity of compounds related to n-pentyltrimethylammonoum have been studied on the guinea-pig ileum, frog rectus, acetylcholinesterase and on partitioning (Rm) and size (phiov, Vm). The hydroxyl group lowered affinity in all tests, confirming the importance of hydrophobic forces in binding to receptors. Activity on the ileum was lowered appreciably but on the rectus only slightly. The effects on Rm did not indicate any interactions between hydroxyl, onium group and water but the apparent size of the hydroxyl group (deltaphiov) depends on the nature of the onium group. PMID- 31435 TI - The action of the local anaesthetic, benzyl alcohol and the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, clorgyline on the beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity of adult and weanling rat brain mitochondria. PMID- 31436 TI - Circling induced by dopamine uptake inhibitors. PMID- 31437 TI - GABA involvement in neuroleptic-induced catalepsy. PMID- 31438 TI - The influence of neuroleptics on amphetamine metabolism in the rat and guinea pig. PMID- 31439 TI - A possible augmentation of the extraneuronal adrenaline uptake caused by inhibition of the neuronal component. PMID- 31440 TI - Effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and p-chlorophenylalanine on temperature regulation in rats. PMID- 31441 TI - Release of prostaglandin-like material by depressor stimulation in rabbits. PMID- 31442 TI - Alteration of central catecholamine metabolism following acute administration of ethanol. PMID- 31443 TI - Distribution of ampicillin in human whole blood. PMID- 31444 TI - Morphine-induced changes in striatal dopamine mechanisms not evoked from the dopamine nerve terminals. PMID- 31445 TI - Inhibition of oestrogen-induced increase in uterine blood flow in the rat. PMID- 31446 TI - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone in man. PMID- 31447 TI - The enhancement of neomycin stability using propylene glycol and sodium metabisulphite. PMID- 31448 TI - The effect of neuroleptic derivatives of butyrophenone on the uptake of 5-HT by human blood platelets. PMID- 31449 TI - Autoxidation of polysorbates. AB - Aqueous solutions of polysorbate 20 undergo autoxidation on storage, with the peroxide number increasing and subsequently decreasing again, the acidity increasing continuously, the pH and surface tension falling and tending to level off, and the cloud point dropping sharply until turbidity begins at room temperature. The changes are accelerated by light, elevation of temperature, and a copper sulfate catalyst. At the same time, hydrolysis occurs, liberating lauric acid. Analysis of the alterations in these properties leads to the conclusion that hydrolysis has the major influence near room temperature and that oxyethylene undergoes chain shortening at temperatures above 40 degrees. However, evidence of degradation is detectable even in previously unopened commercial samples of polysorbates 20, 40, and 60, warranting attention to the stability of and standards for these surfactants as compared with the solid alkyl ether type of nonionic surfactant. PMID- 31450 TI - GI absorption of beta-lactam antibiotics II: deviation from pH--partition hypothesis in penicillin absorption through in situ and in vitro lipoidal barriers. AB - The absorption of propicillin from the rat stomach and small intestine in situ was examined as a function of recirculating solution pH. The in vitro interphase transport from an aqueous buffer of various pH values to the octanol phase was also studied for several penicillins by the use of a two-phase rolling cell. The rate--pH profiles obtained from both in situ and in vitro experiments deviated significantly from the dissociation curves. The degrees of the shifts were approximately 2 pH units for the in situ intestinal absorption of propicillin and in vitro transport of propicillin and cloxacillin, approximately 1.5 pH units for the in vitro transport of penicillin V, and 0.8 pH unit for the in situ stomach absorption of propicillin. These discrepancies from the classical pH--partition hypothesis can be interpreted by the permeation through the lipoidal barrier of the undissociated species of penicillins transported through the aqueous diffusion layer adjacent to the lipoidal surface. All in situ and in vitro experiments tend to support this theory. PMID- 31451 TI - Differential pulse polarographic determination of clorazepate monopotassium and dipotassium. AB - Polarographic investigation of clorazepate monopotassium and dipotassium showed two cathodic waves at about -1.28 and -1.66 v. The cathodic wave associated with clorazepate monopotassium or dipotassium at about -1.66 v was a pH-independent, diffusion-controlled wave. This wave was used to develop a specific stability indicating procedure for clorazepate monopotassium and dipotassium in the presence of their degradation products, namely, nordiazepam, 2-amino-5 chlorobenzophenone, and glycine. The method involves a 10(-2) M LiOH-10(-1) M LiCl extraction of the active ingredient from the formulation, filtration, dilution with the same supporting electrolyte, and then use of the standard addition technique for drug quantitation in capsules. Typical fomulation excipients did not interfere with the analysis. Accuracy and precision of the procedure were 99.55 +/- 0.68%. PMID- 31452 TI - Tautomerism of singly protonated chloroquine and quinacrine. AB - Differential absorptiometric pH titrations of the antimalarials chloroquine and quinacrine, employing the respective uncharged species at pH 12.5 in the reference cell, show that protolytic dissociation from the heterocyclic ring nitrogen atoms occurs over pH 6--12. This finding indicates that the singly charged cations of the drugs exist measurably in two tautomeric forms. The tautomeric equilibrium constants were calculated from the titration data. The existence of these tautomeric equilibria may have significance in the pharmacodynamics of chloroquine and quinacrine. PMID- 31453 TI - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of intravenous, intramuscular, and oral lorazepam in humans. PMID- 31454 TI - 13C-NMR spectra of strychnos alkaloids: brucine and strychnine. AB - The natural abundance 13C-NMR spectra of brucine and strychnine were obtained using the pulse Fourier transform technique. The chemical shifts of various carbon resonances were assigned on the basis of substituent effects on benzene shifts, intesities of signals, multiplicites generated in single-frequency off resonance-decoupled spectra, and comparisons with the chemical shifts of structurally related compounds. PMID- 31455 TI - Loss of hydrophobic amine from solution by adsorption onto container surfaces. AB - The apparent loss of the hydrophobic amine drug alpha-[(dibutylamino)methyl]-6,8 dichloro-2-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-4-quinoline-methanol monohydrochloride from solution due to its adsorption onto the surface of its storage container was studied. The drug appeared to be adsorbed only as the free base. Therefore, any perturbations to the solution phase that will help solubilize the drug and thus lower its chemical potential will minimize adsorption. Multilayer drug adsorption to the container surfaces appeared to take place, with some evidence of a highly organized system in the adsorbed phase. Adsorption was minimized when the heterogenous polar functionalities on glass surfaces were covered by a layer of silicone or methacrylate polymer, which yielded less reactive, more hydrophobic surfaces. Loss was also minimized when the environment was kept acidic (pH less than or equal to 4,8), the drug was dissolved in a proton-donating solvent (e.g., chloroform), and an ion-pairing agent (e.g., trichloroacetate) was present to solubilize further the monocationic form of the drug in organic media. PMID- 31456 TI - Possible role of taurine as a transmitter of thermoregulation in the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 31457 TI - Role of membrane-bound calcium in taste reception of the frog. AB - 1. The frog gustatory responses to various salt stimuli and distilled water were greatly enhanced after the tongue was treated with an alkaline solution containing salts of low concentration. The incubation of the alkali-treated tongue in solution of pH 6.0 containing Ca2+ restored reversibly the behaviour of the gustatory receptor to that before the treatment, while Mg2+ had no ability to do this. 2. The responses to salt stimuli and distilled water were greatly decreased after the tongue was incubated in solutions of pH 5.3 containing Ca2+. 3. On piece of tongue incubated in a solution of pH 5.3 containing 45Ca released a larger amount of 45Ca by the alkali treatment than another piece incubated in pH 7.0. It was concluded that removal of Ca2+ from the gustatory receptor membrane by the alkali treatment led to enhancement of the responses and binding of extra Ca2+ to the membrane by the incubation in acidic CaCl2 solution led to suppression of the responses. We emphasized that a conformational change of the receptor domains plays an important role in the transduction process of the gustatory response. PMID- 31458 TI - Evidence for anionic cation transport of lithium, sodium and potassium across the human erythrocyte membrane induced by divalent anions. AB - 1. The passive net transport of Li+ and Na+ across the human red cell membrane was accelerated by the divalent anions carbonate, sulphite, oxalate, phosphite and malonate. Phthalate, maleate, sulphate and succinate were found additionally to stimulate downhill transport of K+. Marked differences in anion efficacy and selectivity were observed. 2. The effects of these 'carbonate type' anions were reversible and fully blocked by SITS, dipyridamole and other inhibitors of anion transfer. 3. Cation transport acceleration induced by the monovalent anions salicylate, benzoate, thiocyanate and 2,4-dinitrophenol were inhibited by dipyridamole, but not affected by SITS. A great number of mono- and polyvalent anions were without detectable influence on Li+ transport. 4. Li+ net uptake induced by oxalate exhibited a pH dependence similar to that reported for halide self exchange. 5. Transport acceleration by carbonate type anions displayed a linear, 1:1 dependence on the concentrations of both the anion and the cation and was symmetric with respect to the two sides of the membrane. 6. It is concluded that the divalent carbonate type anions form singly charged, negative 1:1 ion pairs with the respective alkali metal cations, the ion pairs traversing the red cell membrane via the anion exchange pathway. This concept of anionic formation of some of the ion pairs considered. The relative efficacies and cation selectivities of polyvalent anions can largely be explained on the basis of electrostatic interactions governing ion pair formation. However, the chelating properties, structural flexibility, polarizability of the anions and the accessibility of the ion pairs to the anion exchange pathway need also be considered. 7. An exchange of NaCO-3 ion pairs for internal HCO-3 or Cl- is discussed as a possible mode of cellular pH regulation. PMID- 31459 TI - Muscular fatigue studied by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance in the frog [proceedings]. PMID- 31460 TI - Intracellular free Ca increased by lowering pH [proceedings]. PMID- 31461 TI - Effect of bicarbonate and SITS on alphaiCl recovery in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres [proceedings]. PMID- 31462 TI - An automated mixing apparatus for determining haemoglobin-oxygen dissociation [proceedings]. PMID- 31463 TI - Displacement of activator thresholds in cardiac muscle by protons and calcium ions. AB - 1. The Na current threshold in sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres and in frog atrium is shifted in a positive direction by protons and Ca2+ ions. The titration curves for Purkinje fibres are consistent with a surface potential of -18 mV at pH 7.4 and 1.8 mM-Ca. 2. In Purkinje fibres, the pacemaker K current activation curve, s infinity, is shifted in a positive direction by Ca2+ ions. The results are consistent with a surface potential of -16 mV in normal physiological solutions. 3. The results on s inifinity during pH changes are unexpected. As also shown by Van Bogaert, Vereecke & Carmeliet (1975) the voltage shifts are usually in the opposite direction to that expected from titration of external surface negative charges. 4. Acid solutions reduce the magnitude of iK2 when fully activated. Alkalinity has little effect on iK2. 5. Acidification and alkalinization are both capable of arresting spontaneous activity in Purkinje fibres. The effects of acidity are usually irreversible. The effects of alkalinity are reversible. PMID- 31464 TI - The interactions of protons, calcium and potassium ions on cardiac Purkinje fibres. AB - 1. In sheep Purkinje fibres, acidosis shifts the steady-state current-voltage relation in an inward direction over a wide range of negative potentials. The reversal potential for iK2 is shifted in a positive direction. These changes are consistent with K+ accumulation in the extracellular spaces of the Purkinje fibre. 2. These effects of acidosis are completely prevented by increasing [K]0 from the normal range (2.7--5.4 mM) to 10.8 mM. 3. Increasing [Ca]0 from 2 to 6 mM also produces an inward shift in the steady-state current-voltage relation and a positive shift of the iK2 reversal potential. 4. In 10.8 mM-[K]0 these effects are absent even when [Ca]0 is increased to 20 mM. 5. One possible explanation is that K+ ions may protect the Na pump from inhibition by protons and Ca2+ ions. Alternative explanations are also discussed. PMID- 31465 TI - Comparison of adenylate cyclase activity and in vitro secretion in the parotid and sublingual glands of the mouse. AB - 1. Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) activity has been determined in the parotid and sublingual glands of the mouse. Optimal activity of the enzyme was obtained at a Mg2+-concentration of 8 mM at pH 8.2, using AMP-PNP as the substrate. 2. Cyclic AMP degradation during the adenylate cyclase assay was relatively high in both the homogenate and the 40,000 g pellet-fraction of the glands. Theophylline was effective in inhibiting this degradation only in the parotid hemogenate, whereas isobutylmethylxanthine inhibited the cyclic AMP degradation in both salivary glands. Using the latter phosphodiesterase inhibitor, we observed a higher adenylate cyclase activity in the sublingual glands than in the parotid glands. 3. Various receptor-selective sympathetic and parasympathetic agonists and antagonists have been tested for their capacity to influence the adenylate cyclase activity and the glycoprotein secretion in the parotid and sublingual glands of the mouse, in vitro. (a) The parotid glycoprotein secretion was increased by beta-adrenergic agonists, which stimulate adenylate cyclase, and by cholinergic muscarinic drugs, which do not activate this enzyme. The adrenergic alpha-agonist phenylephrine appeared to be involved neither in the glycoprotein secretion nor in the direct regulation of the adenylate cyclase activity. (b) The sublingual protein and mucin secretion was increased by cholinergic muscarinic agents. The over-all protein secretion was stimulated also by phenylephrine, but this effect could be blocked by propranolol. The adenylate cyclase activity in membrane preparations was not stimulated by these secretogogues. PMID- 31466 TI - Adrenergic and 'non-adrenergic' components in the contractile response of the vas deferens to a single indirect stimulus. AB - 1. The mechanical response of the longitudinal smooth muscle of the rat vas deferens to stimulation of its motor nerves by a single pulse has been examined. The motor nerves were stimulated in vivo via the spinal outflows in the pithed rat or in vitro by field stimulation. 2. The contraction in the whole vas consisted of two components, an initial, rapid, brief contraction reaching a maximum at 300 msec and a second, slower and more prolonged contraction reaching its maximum at 600 msec. When the isolated vas was divided into prostatic and epididymal halves the contribution of these two components varied. The initial rapid component was more prominent in the prostatic half and the slower, second component more prominent in the epididymal half. Lowering the bath temperature caused, in both halves, these two components to merge into a single, slow, prolonged response. Both components were more rapid and briefer than the equivalent response of rat anococcygeus. 3. The second, slow component was abolished by alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist drugs, potentiated and prolonged by drugs which inhibit the neuronal uptake of noradrenaline and absent from tissues taken from rats pre-treated with reserpine, suggesting that the neurotransmitter for this component is noradrenaline. 4. These experiments were extended to the mouse or guinea-pig vas deferens. Both showed the same two component mechanical response as the rat vas and in both the second, slow component was preferentially inhibited by alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and potentiated by drugs blocking noradrenaline uptake. 5. Drugs known to reduce the response to repetitive nerve stimulation of the vas were examined for their effect on the response to a single stimulus. Lysergic acid diethylamide preferentially inhibited the second, slow phase of contraction whereas apomorphine preferentially inhibited the first rapid phase. Guanethidine inhibited responses but any differential effects could not be analysed due to its stimulant properties. 6. These results show that there are two components even to the response to a single stimulus. The second of these appears to be adrenergic while the transmitter responsible for the first remains to be determined. PMID- 31467 TI - Clinical evaluation of oral Candida in cancer chemotherapy patients. AB - No overt clinical oral candidiasis was noted upon either direct oral examination or review of medical records. No significant change in percent of Candida species as compared to other populations is seen in this study. Varying percents of individual species do differ from other reports. Alimentary and digestive tract tumors represented over 56% of the primary malignancies. There was a significant correlation between decrease in salivary pH and increase in percent of Candida species growth. Most significantly, however, the preliminary data in this study might eventually contribute to continuing investigation of Candida species in human cancer patients. PMID- 31468 TI - Attention and information processing in schizophrenia. Proceedings of a conference sponsored by the Scottish Rite Schizophrenia Research Program. PMID- 31469 TI - A theory of the relation between dopamine and attention. PMID- 31470 TI - Physiological and behavioral correlates of attention dysfunction in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 31471 TI - The effect of anti-psychotic medication and diagnostic criteria on distractibility in schizophrenia. PMID- 31472 TI - Reproductive efficiency of domestic animals. Proceedings of the twenty-second symposium of the society for the study of fertility Dublin, July 1977. PMID- 31473 TI - 2-Pyrrolidinylideneureas, a new class of central nervous system agents. AB - A series of N-aryl-N'-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinylidene)ureas was prepared and screened for pharmacological activity. Congeners possessing either phenyl or phenyl substituted with 4-nitro, 3-bromo, 3-chloro, 3-fluoro, and 3-methyl groups were found to demonstrate anxiolytic activity. 2,6-Disubstitution of the phenyl ring with methyl, chloro, and bromo imparted potent muscle-relaxant properties which appear to be centrally mediated. A significant separation of the anxiolytic and muscle-relaxant properties from other CNS activities, e.g., anticonvulsant, sedative, and hypnotic, was achieved. PMID- 31474 TI - 2-Methoxyphenylethanolamines, potential beta-adrenergic blocking agents. AB - The effect of the introduction of a 2-methoxy substituent on the beta-adrenergic antagonistic properties of a series of 3- and 4-substituted phenylethanolamines (1) was studied. Both the series of bromo- and methyl-substituted compounds behaved similarly, indicating that electronic forces are not significant in determining beta-adrenergic antagonist activity. When compared with the corresponding phenylethanolamines without a 2-methoxy substitutent, the 2-methoxy 4-substituted derivatives (3a and 3d) had enhanced potency and selectivity but the 2,3- (3b and 3e) and the 2,5-disubstitution patterns (3c and 3f) showed a loss of activity. The inconsistent changes in activity prevented any firm conclusions being made about the effect of the ether oxygen and the beta adrenoceptor antagonistic activity of phenoxypropanolamines. PMID- 31475 TI - Derivatives of 1,2,3,11a-tetrahydro-5H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine 5,11(10H)-dione as anxiolytic agents. AB - A study of the pharmacological properties of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine derivatives led to the choice of (+)-1,2,3,11a-tetrahydro-10-methyl-5H pyrrolol[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-5,11)10H)-dione as a candidate for anxiolytic evaluation in a limited clinical trial in man. Metabolism studies in laboratory animals have pointed to rapid hydroxylation, possibly in the 3 and 11a positions. A series of compouds containing methyl groups in one or more of these positions has been prepared in an effort to block metabolism and thereby obtain more active or longer acting compounds. All of these derivatives were less active than the parent compound. PMID- 31476 TI - Psychotropic agents. 3. 4-(4-Substituted piperidinyl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1 butanones with potent neuroleptic activity. AB - A series of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(1-piperidinyl)-1-butanones substituted with benzimidazole, benzotriazole, or quinoxaline at the 4 position of the piperidine ring was synthesized and subjected to neuroleptic tests. Neuroleptic activities of several compounds were comparable to those of haloperidol. In particular, 4-[4 (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-1-piperidinyl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1 butanone (10) was characterized by having a potent neuroleptic activity with less liability to the extrapyramidal side effect. PMID- 31477 TI - Molecular properties of the adrenergic alpha receptor. 2. Optimum covalent inhibition by two different prototypes of polyamine disulfides. PMID- 31478 TI - Synthesis of spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidines] as potential central nervous system agents. 4. Central nervous system depressants. AB - The synthesis of 1'-[3-(4-fluorobenzyoyl)propyl]-3-phenylspiro[isobenzofuran 1(3H),4'-piperidine] (2a) and eight halo and methoxy analogues is described. The compounds were generally more potent per os than chlorpromazine in the Sidman avoidance paradigm in rats and less potent than haloperido. 1'-[3-(4 Fluorobenzoyl)propyl]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4'-piperidine] (2e) approached the per os potency of haloperidol in this test and was shown to be active in inhibiting monkey avoidance also. Compound 2e was much less active than haloperidol in antagonizing apomorphine-induced emesis in dogs, apomorphine induced stereotypy in rats, and amphetamine-induced circling in lesioned rats. This lack of nonselective, dopamine-receptor blocking effects makes 2e attrative as a potential neuroleptic. PMID- 31479 TI - Synthesis and beta-adrenoceptor activity of the erythro and threo isomers of substituted alpha-hydroxytrimetoquinol. AB - The synthesis and pharmacological activity of erythro and threo isomers of 1 (3',4',5'-trimethoxy-alpha-hydroxy-benzyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4 tetrahydroisoquinoline, 2 and 3, are reported. The structural assignments of 2 and 3 are based upon NMR spectra of the 6,7-dibenzyl precursors, 6 and 10, and of the synthetic derivatives of 13alpha- and 13beta-hydroxy-2,3-(dibenzyloxy) 9,10,11-trimethoxytetrahydroprotoberberine, 8 and 12, respectively. The erythro isomer 2 was a more potent beta-adrenoceptor stimulant than the threo isomer 3 in guinea pig atrial, guinea pig tracheal, and rat adipocyte preparations. The differential activity of these compounds on lipolysis was favorably correlated to changes in the stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP accumulation in rat adipocytes. PMID- 31480 TI - Neuroleptics related to butaclamol. An investigation of the effects of chlorine substituents on the aromatic rings. AB - The synthesis of analogues of the antipsychotic drug butaclamol bearing chloro substituents on the benzene rings is described. On the basis of a perceived topographical similarity of a putative chlorophenylethylamine pharmacophore present in these analogues and in VUFB-10032 and doclothepin, agents related to octoclothepin which do not induce catalepsy, they have been tested for "noncataleptic" neuroleptic activity. None of the butaclamol analogues exhibit this type of activity. Depending on the position of the chlorine, the analogues either retained butaclamol-like activity or were inactive. PMID- 31481 TI - (2-exo-3-endo)-2-Aryltropane-3-carboxylic esters, a new class of narcotic antagonists. AB - Tropanes 4 bearing an exo aromatic group on carbon-2, an endo-carbomethoxy group on carbon-3, and either a methyl group or a hydrogen on the nitrogen were found to be narcotic antagonists which were devoid of demonstrable analgesic activity. The activity resided in the 1S enantiomer. Compound 4 (R = m-hydroxyphenyl) showed an AD50 of 0.37 mg/kg sc and 1.8 mg/kg po (rats) as an antagonist in the Harris-Pierson modification of the D'Amour-Smith test. The tropane esters for this study were prepared by a Grignard reaction which gave essentially complete 1,4-addition in the absence of copper salts. Nearly equal quantities of esters epimeric at carbon-3 were formed. PMID- 31482 TI - (exo, exo)-2-Aryltropane-3-carboxylic esters, hypoglycemic agents with accompanying analgesic activity. AB - (exo, exo)-2-Aryltropane-3-carboxylic esters of types 6, 7, and 10 lower circulating blood glucose levels by 60--80%. This activity is accompanied by an analgesic activity roughly equal to that of codeine. Both of these activities reside in the 1R enantiomer and extensive structure-activity studies failed to separate them. The specific opioid antagonist nalorphine blocks the analgesic activity but does not diminish the hypoglycemic action. Conformational integrity afforded by the ethylene bridge is neccessary for the observed activities. PMID- 31483 TI - Pharmacology of some metabolites of triazolam, alprazolam, and diazepam prepared by a simple, one-step oxidation of benzodiazepines. AB - A simple, one-step chemical oxidation of triazolam (7) to its 4-hydroxy analogue, 7a, has been developed and applied to other triazolo- and imidazobenzodiazepines. The reaction may be used to convert diazepam to temazepam. 4-Hydroxytriazolo[4,3 a][1,4]benzodiazepines have low central nervous system sedative and anticonvulsant activity in sharp contrast to metabolites of diazepam which remain active. While 10, an alpha-hydroxy metabolite of triazolam, retains much of the activity of 7, 10a, and alpha,4-dihydroxy metabolite of triazolam, is 250 times less potent than 7 on the nicotine-antagonism assay and over 300 times less potent on the traction assay. PMID- 31484 TI - Stereoelectronic factors in the binding of substrate analogues and inhibitors to purine nucleoside phosphorylase isolated from human erythrocytes. AB - Several aspects of the stereoelectronic requirements of substrates of human erythrocytic purine nucleoside phosphorylase (E.C. 2.4.2.1) were elucidated providing the following information: (a) the N1 position cannot have a nonhydrogen substituent; (b) the 5'-OH group must be present for catalytic activity to be exhibited but is not an essential functional group for inhibitory action to be observed; (c) on the C8 position groups larger than -NH2 or -Br cannot be accommodated; (d) the syn-glycosyl conformation (i.e., 8 bromoguanosine) is acceptable but may not be an absolute requirement for phosphorolysis; (e) among nucleic base inhibitors methylation at N3, N7, or N9 vastly decreases the inhibitory properties as does a nitrogen in lieu of C-H in the 8 position. The results clearly indicate that this enzyme differs in its stereoelectronic requirements from the Escherichia coli enzyme. PMID- 31485 TI - Nondepressant beta-adrenergic blocking agents. 1. Substituted 3-amino-1-(5,6,7,8 tetrahydro-1-naphthoxy)-2-propanols. AB - A series of 3-amino-1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthoxy)-2-propanols was synthesized and investigated for beta-adrenergic blocking activity and direct myocardial depressant action. The cis- and trans-diols 12--15 were found to retain the beta blocking potency of propranolol but to lack its myocardial depressant action. Compound 15 (nadolol) is currently undergoing extensive clinical evaluation as a potential antianginal, antiarrhythmic, and antihypertensive agent. PMID- 31486 TI - Structure-activity study of beta-adrenergic agents using the SIMCA method of pattern recognition. AB - The SIMCA method of pattern recognition (PaRC) was used to analyze structure activity data for a series of phenethylamine agonists and antagonists of the beta adrenergic receptor. On the basis of physicochemical substituent parameters the SIMCA method classified correctly 100% of the agonists and 88% of the antagonists. In addition, parameters derived from the class models were correlated with the biological activities of the agonists and antagonists, respectively. Test compounds not included in the initial data analysis were classified and their activities estimated. The applicability of pattern recognition in structure-activity studies in general is discussed. PMID- 31487 TI - Synthesis and biological evaluation of some 2-amino-4-aryl-3H-1,5-benzodiazepine analogues of clozapine. AB - 2-Amino-4-aryl-3H-1,5-benzodiazepines were prepared and evaluated for potential neuroleptic activity. Compound 60 showed some activity in the four assays; however, the activity was not consistently observed among other members of the series. The data reflected that the structural modifications led to a decrease in activity relative to clozapine. It was apparent that the 1,5-benzodiazepine portion of clozapine is not responsible for its antipsychotic activity. PMID- 31488 TI - Cardioselectivity as a function of molecular structure in beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents of the 1-(para-substituted aryloxy)-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-ol type. AB - The relationship between molecular structure and cardioselectivity is described in the 1-(para-substituted aryl-oxy)-3-(isoprophylamino)propan-2-ol type of beta adrenoceptor blocking agents. Cardioselectivity in the aforementioned series requires that the aromatic substitution in the position para to the amino alcohol side chain will have a minimal linear length of 5.0 A. Highest cardioselectivity is obtained when this para substituent is a rigid group coplanar with the aromatic ring. This may result from steric hindrance for binding at the beta2 adrenoceptor subtype which does not occur in the beta1 subtype. Evidence in favor of this suggestion was obtained by the finding that the trans isomer of 1-[4-(1 propenyl)-2-methoxyphenoxy]-3-(isopropylamino)propan-2-ol is cardioselective (beta1/beta2 = 25), whereas the cis isomer is beta2 selective (beta1/beta2 = 0.1). PMID- 31489 TI - Phospholipase A activity of highly enriched preparations of cardiac sarcolemma from hamster and dog. PMID- 31490 TI - Studies of noradrenergic influence on cardiac ornithine decarboxylase in rats. PMID- 31491 TI - HCN: a plausible source of purines, pyrimidines and amino acids on the primitive earth. AB - Dilute (0.1 M) solutions of HCN condense to oligomers at pH 9.2. Hydrolysis of these oligomers yields 4,5-dihydroxypyrimidine, orotic acid, 5-hydroxyuracil, adenine, 4-aminoimidazole-5-carboxamide and amino acids. These results, together with the earlier data, demonstrate that the three main classes of nitrogen containing biomolecules, purines, pyrimidines and amino acids may have originated from HCN on the primitive earth. The observation of orotic acid and 4 aminoimidazole-5-carboxyamide suggests that the contemporary biosynthetic pathways for nucleotides may have evolved from the compounds released on hydrolysis of HCN oligomers. PMID- 31492 TI - Renin profiling for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension. AB - Recent research shows that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis either maintains or causes some or all of the high blood pressure of most patients and demonstrates anew that renin-sodium profiling defines this involvement. Performed with a serum potassium measurement, this now reliable test is useful for primary screening and then, in conjunction with renal vein renin studies or an aldosterone profile, for diagnosis or exclusion of surgically curable renovascular or adrenocortical hypertensions. For the remaining majority with essential hypertension, renin profiling exposes the relative participation of either vasoconstriction or volume factors, thereby guiding simpler, more specific, and predictably effective antirenin or antivolume treatments. Renin profiling identifies those in whom treatment should begin with a beta-blocker as opposed to a diuretic while not infrequently also providing baseline information about severity and prognosis in individual patients. PMID- 31493 TI - Consensus for treatment of 'the sickest patients you'll ever see'. PMID- 31494 TI - Traction for re-forming charred hands. PMID- 31495 TI - The twenty fifth general meeting of the Japan Society of Anesthesiology in Hirosaki, May 19, 20, 1978. PMID- 31496 TI - [Sessions of the 19th Meeting of the Japanese Society of Hematology. Abstracts]. PMID- 31497 TI - [Hyperventilation syndrome]. PMID- 31498 TI - [Studies of HL-A antigens--historical survey]. PMID- 31499 TI - [Long-term measurement of intraluminal pH of the alimentary tract in conscious dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 31500 TI - [Regional abnormality of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation in occlusive thromboaortopahy (Takayasu's disease) by the lung scan (author's transl)]. PMID- 31501 TI - Enzymatic decarboxylation of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine in rat heart. AB - Decarboxylation of L-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (L-threo-DOPS) by the higher speed supernatant of the rat heart homogenate and the regional distribution of L threo-DOPS decarboxylase activity were examined. Decarboxylation was demonstrated to occur specifically with L-isomer but not with D-isomer. Addition of pyrogallol was necessary for maximal recovery of norepinephrine. The optimal condition for decarboxylation of L-threo-DOPS by the rat heart enzyme was similar to conditions required with the enzymes from brain and kidney. Under the optimal conditions, Km and Vmax for L-threo-DOPS were 2.1 mM and 6.4 nmoles/mg protein/15 min, respectively. Decarboxylation of L-threo-DOPS was markedly inhibited by D-threo DOPS and D-DOPA. The L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase activity was highest in the right auricle followed by the atrial body, the left auricle, the right ventricle and the left ventricle. PMID- 31502 TI - Hawaii Seminar 1977. The controls of contractions in visceral smooth muscles: mechanisms and clinical implications. PMID- 31503 TI - Dystonic reactions to phenothiazines. PMID- 31504 TI - Gastric cancer in Colombia. IV. Nitrite and other ions in gastric contents of residents from a high-risk region. AB - Samples of gastric contents from 2 groups of patients from a region of high risk for gastric cancer were analyzed for pH, nitrite, nitrate, thiocyanate, and chloride. In each group, the patients could be divided into 2 subgroups: those with a gastric pH of less than 5 and those with a gastric pH of greater than 5. Above pH 5, nitrite was correlated with nitrate. The pH greater than 5 subgroups had significantly higher (P less than 0.01) nitrite content (20- to 100-fold). Some high- and low-nitrite samples were also analyzed for macro and trace metal ions, but differences were not significant. This is the first report in which patients with diagnosed gastric pathology related to a precancerous state were shown to have high levels of a putative carcinogen precursor. The results were compatible with our original hypothesis of intragastric nitrite formation by bacterial reduction of nitrate and concomitant synthesis of carcinogenic N nitroso compounds. PMID- 31505 TI - Fulminant pneumococcal bacteremia in an asplenic chronic hemodialysis patient. AB - A chronic hemodialysis patient, previously splenectomized because of trauma in conjunction with gastrectomy, developed bacteremia with type 18 Streptococcus pneumoniae and died within 13 hours of onset of symptoms. Characteristics of this illness were severe hypoglycemia, pneumococci visible on peripheral blood smear, disseminated intravascular coagulation, neutropenia, and in vitro hemolysis. Splenectomy should be considered with caution in uremic patients and in renal transplant recipients because of the increased risk of fulminant bacteremia. Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine may be helpful in preventing this syndrome in such asplenic patients. PMID- 31506 TI - [Use of functional loads in assessing the state of the humoral systems in arterial hypertension]. AB - Some methodical approaches in examination of patients for the "hormonal profile" in 50 healthy individuals and in 100 patients with hypertensive disease an attempt is made to standardize the conditions for conducting the tests and the appraisal of their results. On the grounds of the study of the prostaglandin content, activity of blood plasma renin, and excretion of kallikrein in the urine in different types of loads it is concluded that it is necessary to choose an adequate load for each humoral system; when analysing the results of the load tests one must take into account the initial condition of the humoral system under study since the reaction of the system to the load depends on it. PMID- 31507 TI - [State of the sympathetic-adrenal system and renin activity in the blood in children with primary arterial hypertension in the process of beta-blockader treatment]. AB - The condition of the sympatheticoadrenal system and blood renin activity were studied in healthy children and in children suffering from primary arterial hypertension and treated with beta-blocking agents (Obzidan, Visken). A hypotensive effect was noted in the group of patients suffering from primary arterial hypertension with a high blood renin level and increased excretion of catecholamines in the urine. PMID- 31508 TI - [General hemodynamics and kidney function in hypertension in pregnant women]. AB - The indices of general hemodynamics and renal function were studied in 362 pregnant women (healthy and those suffering from hypertensive disease, glomerulonephritis or nephropathy) and in 20 healthy but not pregnant women. It was found that the hypokinetic type of circulation developed in glomerulonephritis and nephropathy in pregnant women and that the hyperkinetic type changes to eu- and hypokinetic types in pregnant women suffering from hypertensive disease. In all variants of hypertension in pregnancy, the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration reduce, while the resistance to the blood flow in the vessels of the kidneys increases. The role of the sympathetico adrenal and the renin-aldosterone systems in the changes in hemodynamics and renal function in healthy and sick pregnant women was studied. An opinion is voiced that increased sensitivity of the vascular receptors to vasoactive substances is very important. PMID- 31509 TI - Abstracts. Renal Association, London, England, October 1977 and February 1978. PMID- 31510 TI - Israel Society of Nephrology, Tel-Hashomer, Israel, January 1978: abstracts. PMID- 31511 TI - [Clinical pathology of the APUD system (apudopathy)]. PMID- 31512 TI - [Evaluation of the action of drug agents on the tonus of the lower esophageal sphincter]. PMID- 31513 TI - Semen preservation in Macaca fascicularis. AB - Semen was collected from adult male Macaca fascicularis using a rectal probe for electro-ejaculation. The effect on sperm motility of varying semen extender egg yolk concentration, pH, glycerol concentration, and equilibration times of sperm with glycerol was examined. No significant difference was observed between motilities at extender egg yolk concentrations of 10% to 40%. Progressive motility was significantly greater at pH 7.2 and 8.0 than at 5.8, 6.5, and 8.7 (p less than 0.05). Glycerol concentrations of 7% and 10% yielded optimum progressive motility after freezing. A 1-minute equilibration of semen in extender containing glycerol resulted in greater sperm motility after freezing than did equilibration for 25 or 45 minutes. PMID- 31514 TI - Effect of bilateral cryptorchidism on the in vitro transformation of progesterone by testicular tissue at different stages of sexual maturation. PMID- 31515 TI - Beta-adrenergic receptors: regulatory role of agonists. AB - Direct radioligand binding studies have been used to probe the molecular mechanisms whereby agonist catecholamines regulate the function of beta adrenergic receptors in a model system, the frog erythrocyte. The unique characteristics of agonist as opposed to antagonist action are first, the ability to stimulate the adenylate cyclase through the receptor and second, the ability to desensitize the system by alterations induced in beta-adrenergic receptors. These properties of agonist are not shared by antagonist despite the high affinity and specificity of antagonist binding to the beta-adrenergic receptors. Agonist and antagonist receptor complexes may be distinguished in a variety of ways including differences in their sensitivity to regulatory guanine nucleotides and also by gel chromatography on AcA 34 Ultragel. The agonist receptor complex appears to elute from the columns with an apparently increased size. A "dynamic receptor affinity model" of beta-adrenergic receptor action is proposed which features several distinct conformational states of the receptor. Agonists have much higher affinity for the physiologically active or coupled state of the receptor, whereas antagonists have equal affinity for both. In addition, a third "desensitized" state of the receptor is also postulated to exist. PMID- 31516 TI - Coronary bypass surgery. Five-year follow-up of a consecutive series of 140 patients. PMID- 31517 TI - Histochemical evaluation of the behaviour of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase and alkaline and acid phosphatase in the jejunal epithelium of chronic alcoholics. PMID- 31518 TI - Pentylenetetrazol induced clonic convulsions in rat. Role of brain monoamines. PMID- 31519 TI - On the effect of some important groups of drugs on peristaltic activity in isolated frog stomach. PMID- 31520 TI - Serum concentrations of monocarboxylic short-chain fatty acids C2--C6 in overweight children with regard to familial character of obesity and the time of its arising. PMID- 31521 TI - The AMA-Kennedy national conference of positive health strategies July 25-27, 1978, Washington, DC. PMID- 31522 TI - [Recent neurochemical data on hepatic encephalopathy]. PMID- 31523 TI - 1978 Keynote Conference: supportive staff and services for all registered nurse practice. PMID- 31524 TI - [Effect of atenolol in chronic pulmonary patients with airway obstruction]. PMID- 31525 TI - Hepatic and intestinal gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity: its activation by chronic ethanol administration. PMID- 31526 TI - Simultaneous radioenzymatic assay of catecholamines and dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid /DOPAC/; comparison of the effects of drugs on the tuberoinfundibular and striatal dopamine metabolism and on plasma prolactin level. PMID- 31527 TI - Analeptic and antianaleptic effects of naloxone and naltrexone in rabbits. PMID- 31528 TI - Beta-adrenergic receptor in the brain: comparison of 3H-dihydroalprenolol binding sites and a beta-adrenergic receptor regulating adenylyl cyclase activity in cell free homogenates. PMID- 31529 TI - Acute and chronic haloperidol treatment: comparison of effects on nigral dopaminergic cell activity. PMID- 31530 TI - Symposium papers presented at the symposium on Receptors of dopamine antagonists: new biochemical approaches. Beerse, Belgium, July 6--8, 1978. PMID- 31531 TI - 3-Methoxytyramine and different neuroleptics: dissociation from HVA and DOPAC. PMID- 31532 TI - Neuroleptic binding and their effects on the spontaneous and potassium-evoked release of 3H-dopamine from the striatum and of 3H-noradrenaline from the cerebral cortex. PMID- 31533 TI - Cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor: evaluation of FM 24 as a new and very slowly dissociable blocker. PMID- 31534 TI - Functionally opposite receptors on neurones. PMID- 31535 TI - Demonstration of [3H] diazepam binding to benzodiazepine receptors in vivo. PMID- 31536 TI - Beta1 and beta2 receptor mechanisms in rat jugular veins: differences between norepinephrine and isoproterenol-induced relaxation. PMID- 31537 TI - Effect of propylthiouracil and thyroxine on the inactivation of somatostatin by rat hypothalamus. PMID- 31538 TI - A simple, sensitive and specific radioreceptor assay for beta-adrenergic antagonist drugs. PMID- 31539 TI - Dopamine agonist pretreatment alters LSD's electrophysiological action from dopamine agonists to antagonist. PMID- 31540 TI - Stimulated production of slow reacting substances by mercaptans from ionophore A 23187-induced mononuclear cells: mercaptan structure-activity studies. PMID- 31541 TI - Lergotrile and lisuride: in vivo dopaminergic agonists which do not stimulate the presynaptic dopamine autoreceptor. PMID- 31543 TI - Effect of catecholamines and beta-blockers on linoleic acid desaturation activity. AB - The effect of catecholamines and adrenergic blocking agents on the oxidative desaturation of linoleic acid in rat liver microsomes was studied. Epinephrine (1 mg/kg/body weight) produced a significant decrease on the conversion of [1 14C]linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid. The effect of epinephrine was blocked by single injections of the beta blockers propranolol (10 mg/kg body weight) or dichloroisoproterenol 30 min before the hormone treatment. Isoproterenol (100 microgram/kg body weight) produced a significant decrease on the activity of the linoleyl-CoA desaturase. The effect of the catecholamines was postulated to be mediated through beta receptors by an enhancement of the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. PMID- 31542 TI - Indomethacin stimulation of lipid peroxidation and chemiluminescense in rat liver microsomes. AB - Peroxidation of endogenous lipid by liver microsomes, coupled with oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive materials, is markedly stimulated in the presence of indomethacin [1-(p-chlorobenzyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indole acetic acid] (0.1- 1.0 mM). Concurrently, indomethacin enhances the lipolysis of membrane phospholipid containing arachidonic acid but has no effect on the rate of O2 uptake in these samples. The system generates a rapidly developed chemiliminescense (CL), the intensity and rate of development of which are related to indomethacin concentration. The microsomal CL generated in the presence of indomethacin is distinct from the previously reported CL in that the time required for maximum intensity development is a matter of seconds (20--180) rather than hours. The enhanced CL is believed to be due to an energy transfer reaction whereby a high energy species transfers energy to the indomethacin molecule, which, in turn, decays via chemiluminescense. An enhanced chemiluminescense was also observed when indomethacin was added to a lipoxidase system and superoxide generating system (axanthine oxidase). Based on inhibitor studies, the rapidly developed chemiluminescense of the microsomal system requires cytochrome P-450 in addition to NADPH and coordinated iron ions. The results indicate that the CL is related to neither hydroxyl free radical nor superoxide anion formation. PMID- 31544 TI - Commitment to competence: a keynote address. PMID- 31545 TI - Presidential address delivered at MNA Convention October 13, 1978. PMID- 31546 TI - Coronary care units: legal considerations. PMID- 31547 TI - [Ethical, medical and forensic problems in intensive care. 62d session of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Pathologie. Scientific session--round table discussion- Vienna May 18, 1978]. PMID- 31548 TI - Proceedings of a conference on insulin insensitivity. PMID- 31549 TI - Child abuse and neglect. PMID- 31550 TI - [Species composition of the spore bacterial flora of mosquito larvae from natural bodies of water in the Ukraine]. PMID- 31551 TI - [Physicochemical properties of the proteinase preparations from Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mesentericus]. PMID- 31552 TI - [Effect of beta-receptor blaockaders on physical capacity]. PMID- 31553 TI - [Imported diseases from the viewpoint of the microbiologist]. PMID- 31554 TI - [The efficacy of a maintenance dose of 100 mg doxycycline (Vibramycin) daily in bacterial infections of chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. AB - The efficacy and tolerance of a daily maintenance dose of 100 mg doxycycline (Vibramycin) was investigated in ambulant patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bacterial infection by an open study with clinical, bacteriological and cytological control. The dosage was well tolerated and effective in the elimination of H. influenzae and pneumococci. A higher maintenance dose seems not to be necessary for this type of infections. PMID- 31555 TI - [Treatment of chronic bronchitis with Supristol and a cotrimoxazole preparation- comparative bacteriological and clinical findings, results of a double-blind study (author's transl)]. AB - In a randomized double-blind study on the treatment of chronic bronchitis, Supristol (co-trifamole) was compared with co-trimoxazole. 163 patients participated in the clinical trial that was performed at three different hospitals in accordance with a uniform trial plan. The microbiological investigations were done centrally at a hygiene institute for all three hospitals. The bacteriological results from the 61 patients whose antibiogram revealed sensitive pathogens before starting the therapy demonstrate the equal effectivenesss of the two preparations. With Supristol there was an elimination rate of 95.3%, and with co-trimoxazole of 93.2%. The clinical parameters do not show any difference in effectiveness either. PMID- 31556 TI - [Behavior of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and other liver enzymes in the plasma during alcohol withdrawal]. PMID- 31557 TI - [Food hosts of mass mosquito species (Diptera, Culicidae) in Tadzhikistan]. PMID- 31558 TI - [Prerequisites for detecting arboviruses in the USSR that are found on the territories of other countries]. PMID- 31559 TI - Fatty acid biosynthesis in yeast. AB - Fatty acid synthetase and acetyl CoA carboxylase mutants have been used to study several aspects of fatty acid biosynthesis in yeast: the contribution of the various enzymes of fatty acid biosynthesis and modification to the overall cellular fatty acid composition, the mechanism of fatty acyl chain elongation in yeast, the molecular structure and the reaction mechanism of the fatty acid synthetase complex and the genetic control of the biosynthesis of this multi enzyme system. Genetic and biochemical evidence suggest an alpha6beta6 molecular structure of this complex, where alpha and beta are multifunctional proteins comprising, respectively, 3 and 5 of the various fatty acid synthetase component functions. The two subunits alpha and beta are synthesized on two different, unliked genes, fas 2 and fas 1. The biosynthesis of both is coordinated. The various component enzyme activities reside in distinct domains on the multifunctional chains. While most domains appear to be functionally independent, the three acyl transferases exhibit extensive mutual interactions. It is suggested that the biosynthesis of a multifunctional protein is favoured on the grounds of kinetics and regulation as compared with the formation of a complex of the corresponding individual enzymes. PMID- 31560 TI - [A peculiar type of chronic persisting hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Six cases of persisting hepatitis with a duration of 3 to 9 years are reported. During this time 2--3 acute inflammatory episodes occurred with transaminase levels raised to more than 500 U/l. Icterus did not occur during these attacks. The remaining laboratory parameters which are usually normal in persisting hepatitis (gamma-GT, bromsulfalein) were pathological during the acute attack and later became normal. As the disease progressed after overcoming the attack, the transaminases were only slightly raised in all cases. Laparoscopy and histological examinations of between three and nine punctates gave an unchanged picture of chronic persisting hepatitis. During the acute attack the inflammatory activities in the liver punctates increased, there were also increased single cell necroses. It is suggested that this peculiar type of chronic persisting hepatitis shall be called "acute recurrent persistent hepatitis.". PMID- 31561 TI - [Are colonic neoplasms caused by faulty nutrition?]. PMID- 31562 TI - [The dynamics of the heart made visible]. PMID- 31563 TI - Improved nutrient absorption after cimetidine in short-bowel syndrome with gastric hypersecretion. PMID- 31565 TI - Congress 1978. National Association of Theatre Nurses. PMID- 31564 TI - Death from type 6 pneumococcal septicemia in a vaccinated child with sickle-cell disease. PMID- 31566 TI - Why I believe I should go to Manila. PMID- 31567 TI - Influence of cyclic AMP on intracellular pH regulation and chloride fluxes in barnacle muscle fibers. PMID- 31568 TI - Neurone-specific enolase is a molecular marker for peripheral and central neuroendocrine cells. PMID- 31569 TI - Slow synaptic excitation mediated by serotonin in Auerbach's plexus. PMID- 31570 TI - Neurotransmitters decrease the calcium ocmponent of sensory neurone action potentials. PMID- 31571 TI - The site of action of capsaicin on the guinea-pig isolated ileum. PMID- 31572 TI - [Beta-receptor blockers in hypertension: nonselective or selective]. PMID- 31573 TI - [Separation of potassium and calcium channels in the nerve cell soma membrane]. AB - Calcium inward and potassium outward currents were studied on internally dialysed isolated neurons of the snail Helix pomatia. Different sensitivity of the corresponding channels to changes in external pH was found. This difference was used for separation of their activation regions on the potential axis so that the characteristics of the inward and outward currents could be studied with minimal overlap. It is shown that the outward current channels possess a definite permeability to Tris ions (PTris :PK=0.05). This explains the impossibility to switch off this current by substituting Tris for internal potassium. The channels for the inward calcium current inactivate slowly with a first order kinetic; their instantaneous current-voltage characteristic reveals considerable Goldman type rectification. The selectivity of the calcium channels to other bivallent cations is Ba:Sr:Ca:Mg=2.8:2.6:1.0:0.2. PMID- 31574 TI - [The psychophysiology of schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 31575 TI - [Findings of biochemical research on schizophrenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 31576 TI - [A case of lumbosacral myelomeningocele--infected shunt system and the treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 31577 TI - Effects of dopamine agonists on neurones in the caudate nucleus and cerebral cortex of cats chronically treated with neuroleptics. PMID- 31578 TI - [A case of Churg-Strauss granulomatous angiitis: an autonomous clinical entity or a variant of panarteritis nodosa?]. AB - A fatal case of Churg and Strauss granulomatous angiitis in a 21-yr-old woman is described. Its unusual features included marked personal and familial dysreaction, sudden onset, bronchopulmonitis with distinct eosinophilia and antibiotic- and cortisone-resistant pericarditis, and a terminal picture of generalised septico-pyaemia. The histological findings included necrotising systemic vasculitis with granulomas, some of them extravascular, in various organs. Differential diagnosis and the relation between this form and panarteritis nodosa are discussed. PMID- 31579 TI - The management of dental phobia. PMID- 31580 TI - Dental injuries in 11- to 13-year-old children. PMID- 31581 TI - Self-poisoning in Auckland reconsidered. AB - Data is presented describing 345 self-poisoners presenting at the accident and emergency department and 211 referred to the psychiatric liaison service at Auckland Hospital during the 12 month period between August 1976 and July 1977. Both groups show the age and sex distribution commonly seen in self-poisoning, with a preponderance of young females. Referral rates increased with age and with the implication of anti-depressants, neuroleptics and anticonvulsants. Only 20 percent of the referred patients had a serious psychiatric disorder. Personality disorder, depressive neurosis and transient situational disturbance accounted for 80 percent. The benzodiazepine group of anxiolytics was implicated in 40 percent of incidents and the use of this class of medication is discussed in relation to the problem of self-poisoning. It is suggested that if all Auckland doctors made a decision not to prescribe oral benzodiazepines, the incidence of self-poisoning in the city could be reduced to a half to two thirds of its present proportions. PMID- 31582 TI - Foot mechanics and joggers' injuries. PMID- 31583 TI - Auckland Medical Research Club 3 July 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 31584 TI - Continuous fetal tissue pH measurement in labor. AB - Fifty-one women in labor had continuous monitoring of fetal scalp tissue pH, fetal heart rate by ECG, and uterine contractions. A miniature pH electrode secured by a double spiral fetal ECG electrode was used for measurement of fetal pH every 15 seconds. The results were correlated with fetal scalp blood pH values obtained simultaneously. Fetal scalp sampling is intermittent, requires repeated scalp incisions, is subject to errors due to air mixing and coagulation of the blood sample, and is uncomfortable for the parturient. Placement of the tissue pH electrode allows continuous data recording with the minimum discomfort to the patient and the least number of fetal scalp incisions. Clinical use of the tissue pH electrode might be a practical alternative to fetal scalp samples, if the data obtained accurately reflect fetal status. PMID- 31585 TI - Bupivacaine paracervical block. Effects on the fetus and neonate. AB - To evaluate effects on the fetus and neonate, 53 paracervical blocks were administered to 38 low-risk parturients using a controlled superficial injection of 0.25% bupivacaine. Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring revealed no instance of bradycardia or late deceleration pattern. Apgar scores, cord arterial and venous pH values, and neurobehavioral evaluations of the neonates were similar to those observed in other low-risk patients. The effectiveness of pain relief of the blocks was less than expected or reported by other authors. Although we observed no harmful effects on the fetus or neonate from the superficial paracervical injection of bupivacaine, we did not find this combination of drug and technique to give dependable, effective pain relief in labor. PMID- 31586 TI - Neonatal acid-base balance in spontaneous and instrumental vaginal deliveries. AB - The acid-base balances of 63 neonates delivered either spontaneously or by the vacuum extractor or low forceps were compared. The outcome was similar in neonates delivered by vacuum extractor or forceps. However, significant differences were noted in the pH and base deficit of infants born by instrumental versus spontaneous delivery. These differences were no longer present when groups with similar duration in the second stage of labor were compared. We conclude that the use of instruments for outlet vaginal delivery carries no additional risk for the fetus. PMID- 31587 TI - The effect of nicotine on fetal breathing movements in conscious pregnant ewes. AB - Nicotine (0.14--0.25 mg/kg), injected intravenously or intraarterially into conscious pregnant ewes, caused a decrease in fetal PaO2 within 5 minutes, persisting for up to 30 minutes. There was a significant fall in the incidence of fetal breathing movements. These changes did not occur if the ewe was treated with an alpha-blocking agent (phentolamine) or if the nicotine was infused for 30 minutes at 0.27 to 0.85 mg/minute. Nicotine crossed the placenta; fetal concentrations equaled those in the ewe 5 minutes after the injection and remained at or above maternal levels for 1 hour. Nicotine given directly to the fetus (0.005--0.03 mg/kg estimated fetal weight) stimulated fetal breathing movements in a dose-related manner. We suggest that the maternal injection of nicotine results in a fall of uterine blood flow by a sympathomimetic action, leading to transient fetal hypoxemia and a reduction of fetal breathing movements and that a similar phenomenon may occur when a pregnant woman smokes cigarettes. PMID- 31588 TI - President's address: 1978 Oklahoma Nurses Convention. Nurses accountable today for tomorrow. PMID- 31589 TI - Inhibition of gluconeogenesis in isolated rat kidney tubules by branched chain alpha-ketoacids. AB - Isolated rat kidney tubules served as a model to investigate the direct effects of branched chain aminoacids, their alpha-ketoderivatives, and of the homolog straight chain aliphatic alpha-ketoacids on renal gluconeogenesis. It is demonstrated that the alpha-ketoderivatives, rather than the branched chain aminoacids themselves, are potent inhibitors of renal gluconeogenesis from precursors, entering the glucogenic pathway on all levels below and above triose phosphate. This inhibitory action is not specific for the branched chain alpha ketoacids, since it is also observed in the presence of the homolog straight chain aliphatic alpha-ketoacids. The suppression of renal gluconeogenesis by alpha-ketoacids can not be explained by a direct inhibition of gluconeogenic reactions, by inhibition of cellular respiration, or by interference with the stimulatory action of Ca++, cAMP, and L-lysine on renal gluconeogenesis. Although the point of inhibitory attack of alpha-ketoacids in renal gluconeogenesis could not be localized, an impairment of the kidney to respond to metabolic acidosis with an increase of gluconeogenesis was observed, since the pH optimum of renal gluconeogenesis was shifted from pH 6.8 to pH 7.7 in the presence of alpha ketoisovaleric acid. PMID- 31590 TI - Bile salt-stimulated lipase in human milk: evidence of activity in vivo and of a role in the digestion of milk retinol esters. PMID- 31591 TI - Abstracts: 17th Annual Meeting, the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology, Athens, September 9--13, 1978. PMID- 31592 TI - Pneumococcal polysaccharide immunization in infants and children. AB - By using indirect hemagglutination, the antibody responses of normal infants and children to an octavalent pneumococcal vaccine that contained pneumococcal polysaccharide types 1, 3, 6, 7, 14, 18, 19, and 23 were evaluated. By 2 years of age, there was a significant rise in hemagglutination titers to all the polysaccharide types, except type 19. By 6 to 8 months of age, five of the eight types of pneumococcal polysaccharides tested resulted in up to 60% responders and, by 2 years, a significant number responded to all pneumococcal polysaccharide types in the vaccine. Pneumococcal polysaccharide type 3 resulted in a significant antibody response as early as 3 months of age, whereas type 19 never resulted in a significant antibody response. Except for type 3, it seemed that when the other pneumococcal polysaccharides tested produced an antibody response, the degree of resonse did not subsequently change significantly with increasing age. The relationship of antibody response to age for pneumococcal polysaccharides is similar to that found for other polysaccharide vaccines. Based on the results of our study, we would recommend immunization with pneumococcal vaccine at 6 months of age with repeat immunization at 2 years of age, especially in high-risk children. PMID- 31593 TI - Aspirin and acetaminophen. A comparative view for the pediatric patient, with particular regard to toxicity, both in therapeutic dose and in overdose. Proceedings of a symposium held in New York, November 4 and 5,1977. PMID- 31594 TI - Salicylate and gastric mucosal damage. AB - The mechanism(s) of salicylate-induced damage of the gastric mucosa is complex. The presence of acid in the lumen is essential for the occurrence of such injury. Although the absorption of salicylate is greater in the presence of acid, salicylate can selectively increase cation permeability both in the absence and presence of acid. Recent studies suggest that this permits increased diffusion of luminal acid into the tissue, which leads to major permeability changes of the mucosa. Salicylate also affects metabolic processes of the gastric mucosa, which appear to be independent of the increased diffusion of acid into the tissue also caused by salicylate. The release of histamine, which has been shown to occur in vivo as a result of mucosal damage, does not appear to intensify existing mucosal injury in an isolated system. PMID- 31595 TI - Report of the Conference on estrogen treatment of the young. PMID- 31596 TI - The newborn mouse as a model for study of the effects of hormonal steroids in the young. PMID- 31597 TI - Phosphate transport in the proximal convolution of the rat kidney. III. Effect of extracellular and intracellular pH. AB - Inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport was evaluated using the standing droplet method with simultaneous microperfusion of the peritubular capillaries. To evaluate rather small differences in Pi transport and to eliminate the influence of tubular heterogeneity, the technique of crossed paired samples was applied. 1. In chronic PTX rats changing the luminal or both luminal and peritubular pH by varying the HCO-3-concentration between 4 and 50 mmol/l at constant 5% CO2 had no influence on Pi transport. 2. If, however, bicarbonate was omitted from the perfusate and 2 mmol/l phosphate (pH 7.4) was the only buffer, Pi transport was decreased from the control. It was, however, further reduced when the perfusates were gased with 5% CO2 i.e. the starting pH was 5.6. 3. When the solutions contained HEPES buffer (25 mmol/l), Pi transport at pH 8 was much larger than at pH 6.0. 4. Raising the CO2 pressure from 35 to 70 mm Hg did not change the Pi transport when both perfusates had a HCO-3-concentration of 25 mmol/l. It reduced, however, the Pi transport, when the luminal perfusate had only 4 mmol/l bicarbonate. 5. Lowering the CO2 pressure from 38 to 7.6 mm Hg did hardly change the Pi transport when the luminal perfusate contained 4 mmol/l bicarbonate. It lowered, however, the Pi transport significantly when the luminal perfusate had 2k mmol/l bicarbonate. 6. Acetazolamide, 10-4M, lowered the Pi transport when the luminal perfusate contained 4 or 25 mmol/l bicarbonate. At 4 mmol/l luminal HCO 3, raising the pCO2 to 228 mmol/l depressed Pi transport even more. At 25 mmol/l luminal bicarbonate, raising the pCO2 from 38 to 114 mm Hg reversed the acetazolamide inhibition of the Pi transport almost completely. The data indicate that luminal acidosis and intracellular alkalosis inhibits the transtubular Pi transport. A shift of the intracellular pH to a more alkaline value seems to be responsible for the inhibition of Pi transport by acetazolamide, while omission of buffer from the perfusate inhibits Pi transport by effecting an acidic luminal pH. PMID- 31599 TI - The international organizations--United Nations. PMID- 31598 TI - Embryonic hemoglobins: dependency of functional characteristics on tetramer composition. PMID- 31600 TI - [Spontaneous perirenal haematoma in a case of polyarteritis nodosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 31601 TI - [Interaction of labetalol with alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors : biochemical study (author's transl)]. AB - The interaction of a new antihypertensive agent, labetalol was demonstrated in subcellular preparations enriched in alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. This result give direct confirmation of pharmacological data observed in isolated organs and in vivo. It illustrates the value of biochemical studies of receptors in order to define the mechanism of action of drugs. PMID- 31602 TI - A comparison of the circular dichroism spectra of synthetic DNA sequences of the homopurine . homopyrimidine and mixed purine- pyrimidine types. AB - We have obtained the ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra of two repeating trinucleotide DNAs, poly [d(A-G-G).d(C-C-T)] and poly[d(A-A-G).d(C-T-T)], that have all purines on one strand and all pyrimidines on the other. These spectra, together with spectra of other synthetic polymers, can be combined to give 3 first-neighbor calculations of the spectrum of poly[d(A).d(T)] and 2 first neighbor calculations of the spectrum of poly [d(G).d(C)]. The results show (1) that first-neighbor calculations utilizing only spectra of homopurine.homopyrimidine DNA sequences are no more accurate than are similar calculations that involve spectra of mixed purine-pyrimidine sequences, demonstrating that double-stranded homopurine.homopyrimidine sequences do not obviously belong to a special class of secondary conformations, and (2) that the wavelength region above 250 nm in the CD spectra of synthetic DNAs is least predictable from first-neighbor equations, probably because this region is especially sensitive to sequence-dependent conformational differences. PMID- 31603 TI - Fluorescent complexes of DNA with DAPI 4',6-diamidine-2-phenyl indole.2HCl or DCI 4',6-dicarboxyamide-2-phenyl indole. AB - 4',6-Dioarboxyamide-2-phenyl indole (DCI), a non-ionic structural analogue of 4',6-diamidine-2-phenyl indole.2HCl (DAPI), was synthesized in order to verify the hypothesis of intercalation of both dyes into the DNA double helix. The influence of pH, viscosity, and different concentrations of SDS (sodium dodecylsulphate) or NaCl on the optical and fluorescent properties and the changes in thermal transition of both dye complexes with DNA confirm the affinity of the dyes to the double helix as well as their stabilizing influence on the secondary DNA structure. The results of binding studies, carried out by fluorescent methods have shown that the dyes are strongly bound to DNA, though the number of binding sites is small. According to the experimental data, the fluorescent properties of DAPI and DCI complexes with DNA are connected with the intercalating binding mechanism of these dyes. On the other hand, the eventual ionic or hydrogen bonds of dyes outside the DNA helix do not change noticeably their fluorescent properties. PMID- 31604 TI - Phosphorus-31 NMR studies of E. coli ribosomes. AB - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, relaxation times and nuclear Overhauser (NOE) enhancement have been measured for E. coli ribosomes, subunits and rRNA. NOE and T1 experiments reveal that the phosphorus relaxation in this organelle is largely dipolar in origin. Moreover these results imply the presence of internal motion within the RNA chain with a correlation time of about 3-5 x 10(-9) sec. In all cases the predominant resonance is centered at about -1.5 ppm (relative to 85% H3PO4) as expected for a phosphodiester linkage where there is a large degree of double helix. The linewidth narrows by about a factor of four when the ribosomal proteins are removed indicating a substantial immobilization of the RNA when it is assembled into the ribosome. In addition to the phosphodiester resonance, ribosomes also reveal one or two narrower resonances shifted to low field by 1-4 ppm. Based on the observation that these resonances show a pH dependent chemical shift, we assign them to phosphate monoesters i.e. terminal 3' or 5' phosphate groups. These terminal phosphates are due to short oligomers of RNA derived from the terminus of the chain. PMID- 31605 TI - Nucleosome conformation: pH and organic solvent effects. AB - Monomer nucleosomes (nu 1) from chicken erythrocyte nuclei were examined in aqueous buffers (8 greater than pH greater than 3) and in solvent mixtures (i.e., water and ethanol, ethylene glycol, dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, 2-methyl-2,4 pentanediol, polyethylene glycol, sucrose, or urea). Circular dichroism, laser Raman spectroscopy of nu 1, and the fluorescence of nu 1 labeled with N-(3 pyrene) maleimide on thiol groups of H3 histone were employed to detect conformational transitions in nu 1. The results of pH studies were as follows: 5.5 greater than pH greater than 4.8, suppression of DNA ellipticity and no change of histone alpha-helix; 4.6 greater than pH greater than 4.2 an irreversible increase in the B character of DNA, a slight loss of histone alpha helix, and a parallel loss of pyrene excimer fluorescence; 4 greater than pH, aggregation of nu 1 and protonation of the DNA bases C and A. Results obtained in the studies of nu 1 in solvent mixtures included the following: sharp conformational transitions that variously involved an increase in the B character of DNA, a slight loss of histone alpha-helix, and a loss of pyrene excimer. Different solvents required different concentrations to effect these conformational changes. PMID- 31606 TI - [Changes in the number of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium stored in physiological solution at a temperature of 20 degrees C]. PMID- 31607 TI - The physiological interrelationships between depression, drugs, and sexuality. PMID- 31608 TI - 1979: International Year of the Child. Searching for the X-factor in the child under stress. PMID- 31609 TI - Studies on proliferation kinetics in liver and spleen during early graft-vs-host reaction in mice. AB - Autoradiographic and liquid scintillation counting studies were made during the early graft-versus-host-reaction in mice. At the height of GVHR on the 10th day after transplantation, hepatosplenomegaly correlated with the radioactive disintegrations (DPM). This coincided with a high proliferation rate of the blasts that appeared in the spleen, and of the portal infiltrations and Kupffer cells in the liver. Convenient control groups were used to show that these changes are a specific reaction in GVHR. PMID- 31610 TI - A case of multiple endocrine adenomatosis with primary amenorrhoea. AB - A well documented sporadic case of multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA) type I, with the pituitary tumour presenting as a prolactinoma, is described in a 28-year old female. Primary amenorrhoea, resulting from hyperprolactinaemia, was the first symptom of the polyglandular neoplasia. A gastrinoma was removed from the head of the pancreas and latent hyperparathyroidism appeared to be present. Treatment with bromocriptine was poorly tolerated; neurosurgical intervention was refused by the patient. The possibility that a serum prolactin determination may be useful in detecting pituitary involvement in MEA deserves consideration. PMID- 31611 TI - Paediatrics and growth. Scientific Proceedings of the 5th Unigate Workshop held at the Royal College of Physicians, St Andrew's Place, London, N.W.1 May 1977. PMID- 31612 TI - Endocrinological control of growth. AB - Many endocrinological factors control cellular growth of different tissues (cell multiplication and cell volume) and skeletal growth. The role of neuro transmitters and of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting factors of growth hormone secretion will be reviewed. The importance of the somatomedins on cartilage growth will be stressed. Thyroid hormones, androgens, and oestrogens have important stimulating actions on skeletal growth and maturation. Conversely, glucocorticoids have an important inhibitory effect on growth. The precise roles of these hormone factors in the regulation of growth hormone secretion, somatomedin production and tissue growth, particularly the cartilage, remain to be completely elucidated. PMID- 31613 TI - [The role respiratory acidosis in the development of acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of respiratory acidosis on the pancreas were studied in 25 Wistar rats. Ligation of the duct combined wiht respiratory acidosis resulted in the development of acute pancreatitis. In explantation of the results it is suggested that exhaustion of the buffering capacity causes a dramatic fall in pH of the pancreatic juice. The clinical relevance of findings is discussed. PMID- 31614 TI - [Northern German Society for Lung and Bronchial Diseases: congress papers and round table conferences on the evaluation of the therapy for chronic-obstructive airway diseases, ar Braunlage/Harz, 29 Sept.--2 Oct. 1977]. PMID- 31615 TI - [Clinical demonstration (author's transl)]. PMID- 31616 TI - [Preparation of extracellular ribonuclease form Actinomyces rimosus 994]. AB - By sequential acid treatment, gel filtration and KM-cellulose sorption a 18--20 fold purified preparation of ribonuclease with a yield of 50--60% was obtained from the culture liquid filtrate of Actinomyces rimosus 994. The preparation had a high specific activity of 450,000--600,000 units/mg protein, contained 85--98% protein, insignificant amounts of carbohydrates and hydroxytetracycline, and no quantities of DNase, phosphomonoesterases, phosphodiesterase or proteases. In RNA degradation (preparation of the total yeast RNA of the Sigma Co.) optimal results were obtained at 50 degrees C and pH 7.0--7.2 in phosphate buffer and 7.6--8.0 IN Tris-HCl buffer. The preparation was stable at high temperatures (80--100 degrees) in the wide pH range and during storage in the lyophilized form and in buffer solutions. RNase effect was inhibited by zinc, copper, iron and cobalt cations and activated by beta-mercaptoethanol, citrate and EDTA. Protamine sulphate and urea in low concentrations (0.01% and 1--4 M, respectively) accelerated and in high concentrations (1% and 8 M, respectively) terminated the enzyme reaction. With respect to many properties RNase from Act. rimosus 994 was similar to extracellular RNases, produced by other actinomycetes and fungi. PMID- 31617 TI - [Trypsin immobilization on a mineral matrix]. AB - Trypsin immobilization on the mineral matrix--silochrome was studied. The effect of the matrix electrochemical nature on the process was examined. pH-optima for trypsin binding with different silochromes and pH-optimum of action of the immobilized enzyme on casein were determined. The effect on the trypsin silochrome binding of different supplements--inhibitors (benzamidine), stabilizers (Ca2+) and substrates (casein, benzoyl argininamide hydrochloride) was demonstrated. PMID- 31618 TI - [Properties of immobilized acid proteinase from Aspergillus awamori]. AB - pH-optimum, thermal stability and storage stability of immobilized acid proteinase from Aspergillus awamori obtained by covalent binding on silochrome through glutaraldehyde were studied. Acid proteinase immobilization was found to shift towards the acid range by a unit. Thermal stability of the immobilized preparation was lower than that of the native enzyme. PMID- 31619 TI - [Effect of carbon composition of the fermented medium on the synthesis of volatile acids by the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 776]. AB - The effect of glucose, maltose and sucrose on the synthesis of volatile oils during fermentation of model carbohydrate solutions (6, 8 and 11%) by the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 776 was studied. The composition and concentration of carbohydrates affected the build-up of volatile fatty acids during fermentation. The accumulation of biomass and volatile fraction of fatty acids reached maximum on the medium containing 11% glucose. There was a certain correlation between the biomass synthesis and accumulation of volatile fatty acids, i.e. with an increase in the biomass the content of volatile fatty acids in the medium increased. During fermentation of disaccharide solutions cell multiplication diminished and the fermentation process accelerated. Ethanol, residual sugar and acidity of fermented solutions increased with the initial concentration of carbohydrates. The pH value of the fermented must remained essentially unaltered independent of the sugar amount used. PMID- 31620 TI - [Biochemical basis of use of pathogenetic therapy in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 31621 TI - Stoichiometry of vectorial H+ movements coupled to electron transport and to ATP synthesis in mitochondria. AB - In order to verify more directly our earlier measurements showing that, on the average, close to four vectorial H(+) are rejected per pair of electrons passing each of the three energy-conserving sites of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, direct tests of the H(+)/2e(-) ratio for sites 2 and 3 were carried out in the presence of permeant charge-compensating cations. Site 2 was examined by utilizing succinate as electron donor and ferricyanide as electron acceptor from mitochondrial cytochrome c; the directly measured H(+)/2e(-) ratio was close to 4. Energy-conserving site 3 was isolated for study with ferrocyanide or ascorbate plus tetramethylphenylenediamine as electron donors to cytochrome c and with oxygen as electron acceptor. The directly measured H(+)/2e(-) ratio for site 3 was close to 4. The H(+)/ATP ratio (number of vectorial H(+) ejected per ATP hydrolyzed) was determined with a new method in which the steady-state rates of both H(+) ejection and ATP hydrolysis were measured in the presence of K(+) + valinomycin. The H(+)/ATP ratio was found to approach 3.0. A proton cycle for oxidative phosphorylation is proposed, in which four electrochemical H(+) equivalents are ejected per pair of electrons passing each energy-conserving site; three of the H(+) equivalents pass inward to derive ATP synthesis from ADP and phosphate and the fourth H(+) is used to bring about the energy-requiring electrogenic expulsion of ATP(4-) in exchange for extramitochondrial ADP(3-), via the H(+)/H(2)PO(4) (-) symporter. PMID- 31622 TI - Evidence that the gamma-glutamyl cycle functions in vivo using intracellular glutathione: effects of amino acids and selective inhibition of enzymes. AB - The function of the gamma-glutamyl cycle was explored in in vivo studies in which amino acids and specific inhibitors of cycle enzymes (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, and 5-oxoprolinase) were administered to mice. The findings, which show that the gamma-glutamyl cycle functions in vivo, support the conclusion that gamma-glutamyl amino acids formed by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from externally supplied amino acids and intracellular glutathione are translocated into the cell and thus indicate that there is a significant physiological connection between the metabolism of glutathione and the transport of amino acids. PMID- 31623 TI - Twin research. Proceedings of the Second International Congress on Twin Studies August 29--September 1, 1977, Washington, DC. Part B. Biology and epidemiology. PMID- 31624 TI - Prevention of preterm delivery in twins. A neurohormonal approach. PMID- 31625 TI - Ammonia intoxication: changes of brain levels of putative neutrotransmitters and related compounds and its relevance to hepatic coma. PMID- 31626 TI - Methanol oxidation by rat brain homogenates. PMID- 31627 TI - Synthesis of some alkoxybenzamide derivatives as smooth muscle relaxant agents. AB - The preparation of 16 new N-substituted p-aminobenzamide derivatives which contain diethylaminoethyl-N-methylpiperazine, piperidine and morpholine moieties were described. Preliminary pharmacological testing of representative compounds showed that some of the prepared compounds possess anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities. PMID- 31628 TI - Dehydration of 2-hydroxy(ethoxy)-2-aryl-N.N-penta(tetra) methylenemorpholinium bromides. AB - Dehydration of 2-hydroxy(ethoxy)-2-aryl-N.N-penta(tetra) methylenemorpholinium bromide was achieved either by heating (175 degrees C) the compound with catalytic amounts of hydrobromic acid, or by refluxing the compound in a glacial acetic acid-hydrogen bromide mixture or by treating it with phosphorus tribromide at room temperature. In the acetic acid-hydrogenbromide method, the product was accompanied by N-bromoethyl(carbethoxy)-N-phenacylmorpholinium bromide, while strong heating (210 degrees C) of the title compounds or reflux in xylene yielded N-2-bromoethylpiperidine hydrobromide. Under the latter conditions, N-methyl-N phenacylpiperidinium bromide gave similarly N-methylpiperidine hydrobromide. A preliminary biologic activity study in the synthesized compounds has also been conducted. PMID- 31629 TI - [Interactions between macromolecular adjuvants and drugs. 13. The effect of viscosity and liberation on interactions of tetracycline antibiotics with macromolecular adjuvants]. PMID- 31631 TI - [Program for the electronic processing of data from the isothermal short time test]. PMID- 31630 TI - Aspects of application of cytochrome P-450 and related systems in substrate hydroxylation. AB - Extrapolating the recent progress in the near future the extensive utilization of cofactor-dependent enzymes (enzymes of the 3rd generation) for solving economic or medical problems will be restricted by the difficulties of cofactor regeneration. Real possibilities exist in analytical systems, for instance enzyme electrodes. In the present paper a special case of overcoming the cofactor regeneration in P-450 catalyzed substrate hydroxylation is demonstrated: The peroxide-dependent reaction gives the same products as obtained under physiological conditions; that is why in an electro-enzyme-reactor producing hydrogen peroxide by cathodic oxygen reduction a considerable simplification of the multi-enzyme complex is possible by omitting electron transfer proteins. At present the main problem is the instability of the terminal oxidase. Attempts are being made to solve these problems by immobilizing the protein or substituting P 450 by other hemoproteins or iron porphyrin derivatives. PMID- 31632 TI - Polarographic estimation of antazoline hydrochloride. AB - The dc-polarographic investigation of antazoline hydrochloride in aqueous acidic media is described. Using potassium chloride-hydrochloric acid mixture as the supporting electrolyte (pH = 3.25), antazoline hydrochloride was electrochemically reduced at the dropping mercury electrode, with the production of two waves with E1/2 values of --1.35 and --1.65 V respectively. As revealed from the study of the effect of mercury column height, pH of the medium and concentration of the depolarizer, the polarographic reduction of the antazolinium cation is preceded by a catalytic H-wave. The diffusion-controlled nature of the electrode process permitted the quantitative determination of antazoline hydrochloride in concentrations down to 1.0 . 10(-4)M. Application of the presented procedure to the analysis of different dosage forms of the compound studied proved successful and compared favourably with official estimations of anatazoline salts. In view of its simplicity, accuracy and sensitivity, the presented polarographic method can be recommended for routine analysis of antazoline formulations. PMID- 31633 TI - [The choice of a standard for 1H-NMR spectroscopic studies on dissolved complexes]. PMID- 31634 TI - A model of the pH-dependence of the number of oxygen-linked chloride binding sites in hemoglobin. AB - A model is presented of the pH-dependence of the number of oxygen-linked chloride binding sites established by nuclear magnetic resonance quadrupole-relaxation studies on various mutant and chemically modified hemoglobins. The predictions of the model are in good qualitative agreement with the measured pH-dependences of the linewidth of the 35Cl- NMR signal. The obtained agreement implies that more chloride is bound to oxygenated than to deoxygenated hemoglobin. PMID- 31635 TI - Stability of horse muscle acylphosphatase to heat and to urea. AB - The thermal stability of horse muscle acylphosphatase was investigated by measuring the inactivation constants at various pH and temperature values, and by differential spectra technique. This enzyme has high thermal stability in an acidic environment but is inactivated in an alkaline medium. It was found that the enzyme can be protected against such inactivation at pH 8.0 by increasing its concentration and the ionic strength of the solution. The effect of high urea concentrations on stability was also measured. It was found that spectral changes at 230 nm are related to urea inactivation of the enzyme, and that the enzymatic activity can be instantly and almost completely restored by dilution of the urea. PMID- 31636 TI - Glutamate and aspartate as possible transmitters in motor output in chick embryos. PMID- 31637 TI - Proceedings of the Czechoslovak Physiological Society. January 25--27, 1978. PMID- 31638 TI - [Relationship of seizure susceptibility and generalized convulsion to brain monoamine concentration in the kindled cat brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 31639 TI - Intensive antidepressive therapy by 48 hour slow-drip infusion with high doses dibenzepine. PMID- 31640 TI - Drug variables in the etiology of tardive dyskinesia application of discriminant function analysis. PMID- 31641 TI - Pharmacotherapy of narcotic dependence. PMID- 31642 TI - Early clinical testing of antianxiety drugs: an experimental model. PMID- 31643 TI - AHR 6134--a new anxiolytic drug with unusual clinical properties. PMID- 31644 TI - Some neurochemical correlates of "rebound" phenomenon observed during withdrawal after long-term exposure to 1, 4-benzodiazepines. PMID- 31645 TI - [1st Symposium on the Rehabilitation of Epileptics]. PMID- 31647 TI - Drug response and psychiatric nosology. AB - The possibility that pharmacological response might help to refine psychiatric nosology has been the subject of recurrent speculation, but few clear-cut results have been obtained. Only bipolar depressives and several other minor patient subgroups manifest consistent drug responses in association with characteristic psychobiological features. The presence of multiple intervening variables, such as individual differences in drug metabolism, drug-taking behaviour and biological sensitivity to drugs, may mitigate against the reliable identification of clinically distinguishable drug-responding subgroups. Futhermore, the majority of available psychoactive drugs have either multiple or broad spectrum effects inconsistent with hypotheses utilizing the mechanism or site of drug action to argue for a diagnosis-specific biological disorder at such sites. Nonetheless, the successful use of drug-response models in other areas of medicine suggests a rationale for continued exploration in this area, and a number of recent advances make this approach potentially more productive. Pharmacological developments have rendered it possible to assess the biological availability of drugs in potential responders, thus eliminating some of the confounding intervening variables. Further consideration should also be given to the use of drugs with more specific neurochemical effects, even when they themselves are not necessarily therapeutic. The comparison of drug responder and non-responder group has also been made more meaningful by the availability of more reliable methods of assessing clinical phenomena, more sophisticated diagnostic models and the introduction of other biological measures. Combining several of these approaches may allow the use of one to validate the other. PMID- 31646 TI - [Authors' own clinical evaluation of the effect of reladorm]. PMID- 31648 TI - Physical ill-health and psychotropic drug prescription--a review. AB - This review collates evidence of substantial physical morbidity in patients who receive psychotropic drugs, and evidence that these drugs are not infrequently prescribed for patients with known physical illness. Minor tranquillizers are the psychotropic drugs most commonly prescribed, and the category of physical illness most likely to be associated with psychotropic medication is cardiovascular disease. PMID- 31649 TI - Self-estimates in anxious and depressed outpatients treated with pharmacotherapy. PMID- 31650 TI - Effects of LSD and BOL on the catecholamine synthesis and turnover in various brain regions. AB - In the rat, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) 0.5 mg/kg and 2-bromo lysergic acid diethylamide (BOL) 0.5 mg/kg increased the rate of the striatal in vivo tyrosine hydroxylation as measured by the DOPA accumulation after decarboxylase inhibition. Neither LSD nor BOL significantly changed the DOPA accumulation in the olfactory tubercle, a dopamine-rich part of the limbic system. LSD but not BOL increased the DOPA accumulation in the cerebral cortex and in the brain stem. LSD and BOL appeared not to alter the rate of alpha-MT-induced disappearance of DA or of NA in the whole brain, nor did they change the rate of the alpha-MT induced disappearance of DA in the striatum. It is suggested that in the striatum LSD and BOL block autoreceptorss (presynaptic receptors) regulating the tyrosine hydroxylation. These receptors may be DA receptor, but may also be 5-HT- or LSD sensitive receptors. The regional differences observed between LSD and BOL suggest that LSD in the cerebral cortex and in the brain stem increases the DOPA accumulation by mechanism other than that functioning in the striatum. One possible explanation is that LSD and BOL may differ in their effects on 5 hydroxytryptaminergic systems in the cerebral cortex and in the brain stem. PMID- 31652 TI - The psychotherapeutic process. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of Psychotherapy; Paris, July 4-10, 1976. PMID- 31651 TI - Cocaine as a discriminative cue in rats: interactions with neuroleptics and other drugs. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate between the effects of 4 mg/kg of cocaine HCl and saline (1 ml/kg) in a T-shaped maze. When the animals reliably differentiated the imposed training conditions (cocaine vs. no drug), test sessions were interspersed in between the regular training sessions. Test trials resulted in a median effective dose (ED50) of 1.6 mg/kg of cocaine, and the duration of the discriminable effects of cocaine in producing 50% cocaine-appropriate responding was 57.9 min postinjection. Pretreatment with neuroleptics (pimozide, haloperidol, and chlorpromazine), but not with propranolol, phenoxybenzamine, alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine, or physostigmine, attenuated the cocaine discrimination. Data are discussed with reference to previous results from amphetamine discriminations. PMID- 31654 TI - The psychotherapeutic process. PMID- 31653 TI - [Opening address. The psychotherapeutic process]. PMID- 31655 TI - The human value of behavior therapy. PMID- 31656 TI - [The psychotherapeutic process. Summary and conclusions]. PMID- 31657 TI - The use of percutaneous nephrostomy and urinary alkalinization in the dissolution of obstructing uric acid stones. AB - Two patients are described who presented with complete urinary obstruction secondary to nonopaque uric acid stones. They were treated with percutaneous nephrostomy for urinary diversion and urinary alkalinization by local irrigation and oral sodium bicarbonate therapy with complete dissolution of the stone after 16 and 21 days of therapy. Percutaneous nephrostomy with urinary alkalinization is a reasonable, relatively safe alternative to surgical stone removal for patients with obstructing uric acid stones. PMID- 31658 TI - Film interpretation session. Radiological Society of North America. Sixty-fourth scientific assembly and annual meeting. November 1978. Summary of discussion and diagnoses. PMID- 31659 TI - Bile duct cysts secondary to liver infarcts: report of a case and experimental production by small vessel hepatic artery occlusion. AB - Hepatic bile duct cysts were demonstrated on an abdominal CT scan and confirmed at autopsy in a patient with polyarteritis nodosa. The cysts developed in close proximity to hepatic artery aneurysms and occlusions visualized at hepatic arteriography and confirmed postmortem. The development of similar bile duct cysts following hepatic artery occlusion was demonstrated in 13 Rhesus monkeys. PMID- 31661 TI - Headache today--an update by 21 experts. PMID- 31660 TI - [Gamma glutamyltransferase in myocardial infarction]. PMID- 31662 TI - Cytochrome P-450 dependent irreversible binding of 6-thiopurine to rat liver microsomal protein in vitro and protection by glutathione. AB - 6-Thiopurine when incubated in the presence of rat liver microsomes and reduced nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) binds to microsomal protein. Data support a mechanism involving initial metabolic activation via a cytochrome P450 mediated reaction to an intermediate which binds to protein. Glutathione protects against protein binding of the 6-thiopurine metabolite. PMID- 31663 TI - The effects of some stimulants and anti-psychotic drugs on urinary unconjugated tyramine levels in the rat. AB - The effects of intraperitoneal injections of amphetamine and methylphenidate (ritalin) at relatively low and high doses, the anti-psychotic drugs chlorpromazine and haloperidol and combinations of haloperidol with methylphenidate and amphetamine on the urinary excretion levels of unconjugated meta and para tyramine in the rat have been investigated. With the exception of a high dose of methylphenidate, none of the drug treatments changed significantly the urinary excretion level of para tyramine. meta Tyramine was significantly reduced by a low dose of amphetamine and a high dose of methylphenidate but significantly increased by a high dose of amphetamine. Such effects are different from those reported by Juorio (1977a, b) and Danielson, et al (1976) with respect to the rat striatum and mesolimbic systems where para tyramine was decreased and meta tyramine increased. The effect of adding anti-psychotic drugs in these latter studies was to potentiate their differential effects. Such differences indicate perhaps variations in the metabolism of the tyramines in peripheral tissues as compared with certain brain regions. PMID- 31664 TI - Some physiological effects of ketamine in sheep. AB - The effects of intravenous injections of ketamine in sheep on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are compared with the effects of intracerebroventricular injections of the same drug and also with the effects of intravenous barbiturate and steriod anaesthetics. Intravenously administered ketamine caused an initial fall in arterial blood pressure the extent of which was dose dependent. This depression was short lived and was occasionally followed by a mild pressor phase. Intracerebroventricular injection of the drug provoked only a mild transient rise in mean arterial blood pressure. The intravenous injection of ketamine gave a brief period of respiratory depression which was mirrored in the PaO2 and PaCO2 levels followed by a period of respiratory stimulation with elevated PaO2 levels. The comparison of the three injection anaesthetics showed that the blood gas tensions with ketamine showed there was a brief period of respiratory depression similar to that seen with the steroid anaesthetic but that the barbiturate caused a much longer depression similar to that seen with the steroid anaesthetic but that the barbiturate caused a much longer depression. The blood gas tensions following the steroid anaesthetic soon returned to normal while the tensions following ketamine indicated an elevated PaO2 after the initial depression. The blood gas tensions following intracerebroventricular injection of ketamine were difficult to evaluate due to the variable period of apnoea which followed the injection. PMID- 31665 TI - [Combined vasodilator and positive inotropic agent therapy in severe congestive cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 31667 TI - IVth annual meeting on basic research in Chagas disease (biology of Trypanosoma cruzi). Minas Gerais, Brazil, 5--7 November 1977. Abstracts. PMID- 31666 TI - [The potentiating effect of a new alpha-adrenergic blocking agent (E-643) on the action of bronchodilators (author's transl)]. PMID- 31668 TI - Third Rhodesia Nurses' Association Congress: "New Horizons in Nursing". PMID- 31669 TI - Opening address given by the Hon. Mr R. Cronje Co-minister of Health at the Third Rhodesia Nurses' Association Congress held at the Monomatapa Hotel, Salisbury 1978. PMID- 31670 TI - Trends in the drug treatment of rheumatic diseases. Proceedings of an Anglo Nordic symposium, Guy's Hospital, London, February 1978. PMID- 31671 TI - [Therapeutic problems in adult hypothyroidism]. PMID- 31672 TI - [VIIIth scientific faculty day of the Faculty of General Medicine of the Charles University in Prague. Hypoxia. Hypoxia and anoxia. Prague, March 21, 1978. Summaries of the presented papers (author's transl)]. PMID- 31673 TI - Structural studies on calcium fluoride formation and uptake of fluoride in surface enamel in vitro. AB - The structural changes in human enamel during exposure to an acetate buffer, pH 4, containing 150 parts/10(6) fluoride have been studied using scanning electron microscopy and polarized light microscopy. After exposure for 2 h the enamel surface was covered by a fine-granular layer of calcium fluoride. The underlying enamel was highly eroded with an increased pore volume in the outer layer. Following an equilibration period of 3 months the uptake of fluoride in the apatite lattice had resulted in a highly mineralized, 100-micrometer-thick surface layer rich in fluoride covering a subsurface porous zone with an unchanged fluoride content. The deeply located, caries-like porous zone may have provided calcium and phosphate for saturation of the liquid. PMID- 31674 TI - Food-stimulated acid secretion measured by intragastric titration with bicarbonate in patients with duodenal and gastric ulcer disease and in controls. AB - Gastric acid secretion stimulated by a normally eaten beefsteak meal was measured for 4 h in 16 patients with duodenal ulcer disease (DU), in 9 patients with gastric ulcer disease (GU), and in 14 controls by intragastric titration with bicarbonate to a constant pH 5.5. Reproducibility of the method investigated in 6 DU and in 5 controls gave similar acid secretory values (var. coeff. = 7.5%). DU produced acid on a higher level and with longer duration after food than controls and GU (p less than 0.001). Apart from the second half of the first hour after food, when the acid secretion was higher in controls than in GU (p less than 0.025), there was no significant difference in acid output after food between GU and controls. Maximum gastrin values and 'total gastrin output' after food were significantly higher in GU than in controls, but these differences were not significant between GU and DU and between DU and controls. Fasting gastrin and gastrin levels after food were not correlated to basal acid output or acid output after pentagastrin or food in any of the groups. The maximal acid output after food was higher than the peak acid output after pentagastrin in controls, DU and GU. The relation between food- and pentagastrin-stimulated acid output was not statistically significantly different between the three groups. Instead, acid secretion after food was well correlated to acid secretion after pentagastrin in controls, DU and GU (r = 0.85). PMID- 31675 TI - Serum group I pepsinogens and gastrin in relation to gastric H+ and pepsin outputs before and after subcutaneous injection of pentagastrin. AB - A conventional pentagastrin test was carried out in 25 patients with dyspeptic complaints, and gastric H+ and pepsin outputs were determined. Blood was drawn before the intubation and 5 and 30 min after subcutaneous injection of pentagastrin, and serum group I pepsinogens (PG I) and serum gastrin were determined by radioimmunoassay methods. A significant correlation was found between serum PG I, on the one hand, and basal gastric pepsin, output as well as pentagastrin-stimulated gastric H+ and pepsin outputs, on the other. Basal serum gastrin was also significantly correlated to pentagastrin-stimulated gastric pepsin output as well as to serum PG I. Pentagastrin failed to induce an increase in serum PG I during the first 30 min. PMID- 31676 TI - The influence of salicyl-azo-sulfapyridine on the immune response to antigenic tumour cells inoculated into the coecal lumen of C3H mice. AB - Pretreatment of C3H mice with salicyl-azo-sulfapyridine (SASP) was found to increase the susceptibility of the intestine to malignant ascites cells inoculated into the coecal lumen. The response to intestinal immunization was radically changed by prior treatment of mice with SASP. In non-treated animals protection against a subsequent graft followed the intracoecal inoculation of ascites tumour cells. By prior treatment of the mice with SASP the protective immune response was suppressed and some of the treated animals showed enhanced tumour growth of the challenging graft. The immunological enhancement induced in SASP-treated animals was transferable by spleen cells to untreated mice. In sera from SASP-treated and intestinally immunized animals were found factors which in a competitive manner interfered with the binding of antibodies to antigenic sites on the tumour cell membrane. It is proposed that treatment with SASP modifies the intestinal immunity by suppressing antibody production and increasing production of antigen-specific factors lacking some of the immunoglobulin determinants. PMID- 31677 TI - The use of bacteria for the functional characterization of human lymphocyte subpopulations in various lymphoid organs. AB - In a haemolytic plaque assay staphylococcal strain Cowan 1 was shown to induce polyclonal antibody secretion in human blood lymphocytes, whereas Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli gave low responses. Diplococcus pneumoniae and haemolytic streptococci generally did not activate blood cells. All five bacteria could activate spleen, tonsil and adenoid cells both to polyclonal Ig secretion and increased DNA synthesis. Thus blood cell reactivity does not necessarily reflect the response pattern in other lymphatic organs. The adenoid was shown to contain lymphocytes more responsive to bacteria normally residing in nasopharynx than cells residing in other lymphatic organs. On the other hand, spleen and mesenteric lymph node contain a subpopulation of cells highly responsive to bacteria such as Escherichia coli normally residing in the bowel. Therefore, we conclude that there exists a functional compartmentalization of lymphocytes in distinct secondary lymphoid organs. PMID- 31678 TI - Serological methods for rapid diagnosis of haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid: a comparison of Co-agglutination, immunofluorescence and immunoelectroosmophoresis. PMID- 31679 TI - The role of small rodents and patterns of living in the epidemiology of nephropathia epidemica. AB - The epidemiological role of small rodents and certain human patterns of living for contraction of nephropathia epidemica (NE) was studied by interviewing 46 NE patients and 52 control subjects. The occurrence of small rodents in dwellings and cupboards was significantly commoner among NE patients than among control subjects. The results suggest a connection between NE and small rodents. PMID- 31680 TI - Seventeenth Nordic congress of rheumatology, Helsingor, Denmark, 11--14 June, 1978. PMID- 31681 TI - Evaluation research and measurement of benefits of health services. A symposium in the series of congresses and conferences celebrating the 500th anniversary of the Uppsala University. PMID- 31682 TI - Myocardial protection during aortic valve replacement. Physiological and metabolic effects of selective coronary perfusion on the fibrillating heart. AB - The physiological effects and certain aspects of cardiac metabolism were studied in 14 patients undergoing primary aortic valve replacement. The operations were performed under moderate hypothermia (30 degrees +/- 2 degrees C) and blood for coronary perfusion was taken from a sidebranch of the arterial line. The majority of the hearts went spontaneously into ventricular fibrillation at some stage of the operation. In spite of the high resistance measured in the coronary perfusion cannulae, an intraluminar coronary blood flow of 380 ml/min was recorded. The myocardial oxygen uptake decreased to 6.0 ml/min at 29 degrees C compared with 20.0 ml/min at 36 degrees C. The elevated coronary sinus lactate throughout the period of coronary perfusion and the increasing level of ASAT-enzyme indicated that this technique could not fully protect the myocardium from ischaemic changes. One patient died of myocardial infarction and two others needed vasopressor support postoperatively, in spite of documented effective coronary perfusion throughout the procedure. Cannulation of the coronary sinus is a valuable adjunct for the study of cardiac metabolism during ECC and it was accomplished without complications. PMID- 31683 TI - Labetolol--combined alpha and beta blockade for hypertension. PMID- 31684 TI - University of South Dakota School of Medicine Physician Extender Program: proposal for a new primary health care team. PMID- 31685 TI - [Therapy of headaches. Apropos of 87 cases]. AB - The action of tiapride on headaches has been studied in several neurological departments, both in hospitalized and ambulatory patients. A favourable result was obtained in 63,3% of cases (nearly 2 out of 3). A dosage of 400 mg/day is adequate for an opinion of the efficacy of the product to be made, with the average dosage is about 150 mg/day (1/2 table x 3 times a day). Tolerance is excellent. Side-effects, wich were noted in 18% of the patients, consist mainly of somnolence and more rarely akathisia. The good results obtained, and the excellent tolerance, enable its use in debilitated alcoholics, the elderly, and those with vascular disorders. PMID- 31686 TI - Composition and differentiation of the genus Streptococcus. PMID- 31687 TI - The Society for Applied Bacteriology Symposium Series No. 7. Streptococci. Selected abstracts presented at the summer conference. PMID- 31688 TI - [General aspects of microorganisms. 1. Food hygiene]. PMID- 31689 TI - [Vasodilators and arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. PMID- 31691 TI - Recommendations of the International Symposium on Pathology and Pathogenesis of Tropical Diseases. PMID- 31690 TI - ECT in the treatment of recurrent psychotic depression. AB - Two cases of recurrent psychotic depression are reported in which ECT (electroconvulsive therapy) was administered with good results for previous episodes of depression, but treatment of the current episode with combined drug therapy (antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs) in one case and antidepressant chemotherapy in the other resulted in failure to improve. The patients were transferred to another facility, and improved when ECT was administered. Pertinent literature on ECT and drug treatment of depression is reviewed, and the conditions for which ECT is probably the treatment of choice are enumerated. PMID- 31692 TI - Gastric ulceration after a fundoplication operation for gastroesophageal reflux. AB - Gastric ulceration following an antireflux fundoplication procedure is the result of bile reflux into the stomach and not a consequence of gas bloat, antral distention or hypergastrinemia. Whether the bile reflux was present prior to the fundoplication or was a result of fundoplication is not known. PMID- 31693 TI - Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Sessions of the Forum on Fundamental Surgical Problems, 63rd Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons, Dallas, Texas, October 1977. PMID- 31694 TI - Significance of mixed venous oxygen reserve in traumatic shock. PMID- 31695 TI - Bacterial susceptibility of asplenic adult rats: effect of age and postsplenectomy interval. PMID- 31696 TI - Reversible inhibition of sodium absorption in the rat colon by low pH: a mechanism for diarrhea. PMID- 31697 TI - [Support from Carlsberg Mindelegat for nursing conference in Copenhagen: nurses from 25 countries participate in infection control conference]. PMID- 31698 TI - [Prescription should read like this: Rx. obtain freedom from pain]. PMID- 31699 TI - [WHO and UNICEF back international conference on health systems the world over: 1st conference on worldwide planning for public health]. PMID- 31700 TI - [Danish Nursing Council is host to international conference on work environment for health personnel: nursing and health care for the sick do not follow international boundaries]. PMID- 31701 TI - Perspectives '78. Encounter with reality: keynote address of 1978 NCNA Convention. PMID- 31702 TI - [Prophylaxis of chronic cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 31703 TI - [Results of a study with the antihypertensive agent Torrat]. PMID- 31704 TI - The electron microscopy of "fibrinoid necrosis" in pulmonary arteries. AB - Fibrinoid necrosis was induced in the pulmonary arteries of five male Wistar albino rats by feeding them on a diet adulterated by the addition of 0.07% ground Crotalaria spectabilis seeds by weight. Electron microscopy of the arteries affected by the process showed fibrin in the thrombus occluding their lumens and in the arterial intima, held up from further penetration of the media by the inner elastic lamina. Naturally occurring gaps in this lamina were found, and it is postulated that they determine the characteristic histological configuration of fibrinous vasculosis. The smooth muscle cells of the media of the pulmonary veins showed clear evaginations, devoid of myofilaments and organells, indicative of sustained constriction compatible with viability of the cells. In contrast, the smooth muscle cells of the media of the pulmonary arteries showed loss of myofilaments leading to frank necrosis. Other cells seen in the media include fibrocytes and "vasoformative reserve cells." The authors consider that the latter have considerable and varied potential. Once liberated during the process of fibrinoid necrosis in the arterial media they may play an important part in pulmonary vascular pathology as, for example, in the formation of the plexiform lesion. PMID- 31705 TI - Proceedings of the Thoracic Society. A meeting held in Oxford on 6--7 July 1978. Summaries of papers. PMID- 31706 TI - Heparin's endogenous function, primarily anticellular-destructive, incidentally anticoagulant, is dose-, source-, and pH-dependent. PMID- 31707 TI - The effect of small organic anions on aggregation and shape change of rabbit platelets. PMID- 31708 TI - HLA-Bw52 in Takayasu disease. AB - Takayasu disease is characterized by a pulseless condition which most often occurs in young females from Asian or South American areas. The cause of this disease remains obscure. Recently we encountered monozygotic, Japanese identical twin sisters, both of whom were diagnosed as having Takayasu disease. A genetically related factor was considered and HLA analysis was carried out. A population study on HLA typing analyses of 65 patients with Takayasu disease revealed a high frequency of HLA-B5 as compared with 128 healthy Japanese (chi2 :17.0, P less than 10(-4)). Subgroups of B5, Bw51 and Bw52 were successively studied in 82 patients with this disease. Bw51 antigen was found in 12.2% of patients with Takayasu disease and in 19.5% of 128 healthy Japanese. Contrarily, Bw52 antigen was confirmed in 43.9% of patients, a statistically significant frequency with the level of 26.5 in the chi2 test (cP less than 3 x 10(-4)) when compared with 12.5% in normal Japanese. Thus a genetically related factor in the pathogenesis of Takayasu disease has to be considered. PMID- 31709 TI - A study of cyclic nucleotide metabolism and the histology of rat liver during 3' methyl-4-dimethylamino-azobenzene carcinogenesis. III. Cyclic GMP metabolism. PMID- 31710 TI - New substrates for the radioassay of angiotensin converting enzyme of endothelial cells in culture. AB - To develop means of measuring angiotensin converting enzyme of endothelial cells in culture, we have synthesized benzoyl-Phe-Ala-Pro-OH (I), benzoyl-Pro-Phe-Arg OH (II) and benzoyl-Gly-His-Leu-OH (III), each bearing a 3H-atom on the para position of its benzoyl moiety. All three of the acylated tripeptides are substrates for the enzyme. Substrate I exhibits the lowest Km (12.5 micrometer) and yields the most sensitive assay: the enzyme of 10(6) cells can be measured in a 30 min incubation at 37 degrees C. Radiolabelled reaction product is separated from substrate by extraction of acidified reaction mixture with an organic solvent, and the rate of formation of product can be quantified by liquid scintillation counting of the organic phase. Substrate III can also be used to measure angiotensin converting enzyme of cells but requires longer incubations (180--240 min) and high salt concentrations (0.75 M Na2SO4). Substrate II is not specific: it is hydrolyzed by more than one enzyme of endothelial cells. PMID- 31711 TI - Activation of brain tyrosine hydroxylase in rats exposed to carbon disulfide and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. PMID- 31712 TI - Pharmacological and biochemical properties of a venom gland extract from the snake Thelotornis kirtlandi. PMID- 31713 TI - Toxicities of sea anemone (Anemonia sulcata) polypeptides in mammals. PMID- 31714 TI - Toxinology papers at the fourth all-union conference of Soviet herpetologists. PMID- 31715 TI - The assessment of pain following coelenterate envenomations. PMID- 31716 TI - Ocular effects of beta-blocking therapy. AB - A survey of 192 patients receiving beta-blocking drug therapy has been carried out. An ophthalmological examination was performed on each patient with particular reference to the clinical status of the cornea and conjunctiva, and to lacrimal function. A selected control group of 52 patients was similarly investigated. The results indicate that the beta-blocking drugs administered to the survey group did not produce any significant adverse effect on the cornea, conjunctiva, or tear secretion when compared with the control group. The findings did not provide any evidence to incriminate the non-practolol beta-blocking agents with the production of ocular pathology. PMID- 31717 TI - Aqueous humour changes after alkali burns. PMID- 31718 TI - Relationship of physical symptoms, ECG, free calcium, and other blood chemistries in reinfusion with citrated blood. AB - Changes in ECG, free calcium (CaF), and other biochemical parameters were measured during reinfusion of citrate anticoagulated blood in 12 subjects undergoing plateletpheresis. Physical symptoms during the procedure were also monitored. The CaF was found to correlate best with the Q-oTc interval as compared to the Q-oT, Q-Tc, or Q-T interval. While the correlation was significant (r = 0.592, p less than .001), the Q-oTc could not predict the CaF. A number of other blood constituents were found to change during plateletpheresis, with most directly related to either citrate administration or hemodilution. Severe physical symptoms were found in one subject and no symptoms in three. In the subjects without symptoms the changes in Q-oTc, Pi, alkaline phosphatase, and glucose through the plateletpheresis procedure were different from changes in all subjects. The decrease in glucose level was the most striking single factor correlating with the lack of physical symptoms during the citrate-induced hypocalcemia associated with plateletpheresis. It is concluded that monitoring of the ECG cannot substitute for direct measurement of free calcium in citrate induced hypocalcemia, that the physical symptoms associated with similar levels of hypocalcemia are variable, that glucose level may be a marker for the effects of citrate-induced hypocalcemia, and that lowered citrate loads during plateletpheresis appear warranted. PMID- 31719 TI - [Effect of papaverine on H+ transport in suspension of cat brain mitochondria]. AB - The intravenous administration of papaverin (3 mg/kg) under conditions of acute experiments showed that it is able to induce a considerable increase in intensity of H+ release from mitochondria of the cat brain tissue cells. Taking into consideration the data of previous researches testifying to the fact taht under the papaverine influence there occurs H+ accumulation in cells due to metabolism intensification, it may be suppose that an intensified release of H+ from the mitochondria plays a definite role in vasodilation of the brain by stimulation of the vessels H+-sensitive receptors. PMID- 31720 TI - [Effects of oxygen deficiency on rat brain peptide-hydrolase activity with and without hypothermia]. AB - The effect of acute oxygen deficiency on the rat brain peptide-hydrolases (EC 3.4) activity was studied under conditions of acute hypoxic hypoxia (the pressure in altitude chamber 240 mm Hg) with concomitant hypothermia (--5.8 degree C) and without it. The activity of neutral peptide hydrolases decreases by 29% in rats with hypothermia, in animals with normothermia remains unchanged. The activity of acid peptide hydrolases was the control level. The data obtained are compared with those relative to preservation of the content of soluble proteins under hypoxia with hypothermia. PMID- 31721 TI - [Peculiarities of amino acids transformation in brain under conditions of acute hypoxic hypoxia]. AB - Acute 15, 30 and 60-minute hypoxia induced in a rabbit placed in the altitude chamber at the atmospheric pressure of 260 mm Hg was an experimental model for a hypoxic state. An increase in the amount of aspartate in the brain under conditions of 15-minute hypoxia and its decrease with prolongation of the hypoxia period up to 1 h may be explained by different mechanisms of amino acids metabolic transformations under these conditions. Changes in the content of aspartate are adequate to these in the activity of aspartate aminotransferase. An increase in the glutamate content in the brain the 30- and 60-minute hypoxic effect is accompanied by a rise of the activity in the glutamine synthesis enzyme (glutamine synthetase). Dynamics of the aspartate quantitative changes in the brain in different periods of acute oxygen deficiency affecting metabolic shifts in amino acids metabolism may serve as an index of the hypoxic effect gravity. PMID- 31722 TI - [Determination of carboanhydrase activity in blood erythrocytes]. AB - A simple method is suggested for accelerated determination of carboanhydrase activity (in 0.01 ml of blood or other biological liquid for 3.0--4.0 min). The method is based on the ability of erythrocytes carboanhydrase to induce specifically carbonic acid gas hydration accompanied by formation of carbonic acid. The latter changes the medium reaction from alkaline (pH9,0) to slightly acid (pH 6.0). The reaction end is fixed by an acid-alkaline indicator (or automatically) according to the time of the solution color changes. A simple design is developed for the device to obtain the substrate which removes the factors affecting negatively the reaction course; the optimal concentration of reagents are selected and a new indicator-buffer mixture having no inhibitatory effect on the carboanhydrase activity is used. PMID- 31723 TI - [Prognosis in hemorrhagic proctitis]. PMID- 31724 TI - [Falanga torture. Are the sequelae of falanga torture due to the closed compartment syndrome in the feet and is this a common clinical picture?]. PMID- 31725 TI - [Testicular neoplasms: New endocrinologic and clinical results]. PMID- 31726 TI - Orchiopexy in prepubertal boys. Five-year survey. AB - A series of 141 prepubertal boys with undescended testes operated on in a provincial teaching hospital has been analyzed five years after operation. The main features noted at presentation were the mature age of the patients and the small number of boys referred by pediatricians. The incidence of unsatisfactory results was 36% in unilateral and 35% in bilateral operations. The majority of the patients (81%) were referred for surgery after the age of five years, commonly regarded as the most suitable time for surgical correction. Three patients required a primary orchiectomy for a small atrophic testis, while 2 patients had an orchiectomy done on a previously operated testis. The complication rate for the series was 4.5%. Testicular biopsy was not done at the time of operation, and no patients were referred for semen analysis. Eight patients underwent a second orchiopexy after the first operation failed. In 6 patients an atrophic testis developed after the second procedure. The need for more than one postoperative examination is stressed in view of the fact that an initially favorable result may not persist since the testes may be found, at a later date, to have retracted into an unsatisfactory position. The reasons for the poor results are discussed and compared briefly with previous reports. PMID- 31727 TI - Torsion of undescended testis. AB - Torsion of an undescended testis is uncommon. When encountered, this entity represents a surgical emergency and must be dealt with immediately. A report of 2 cases, one in a five-month-old child and the other in a twelve-year-old mentally retarded child, is made and the pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 31728 TI - Selective testicular venography for localization of nonpalpable testis. AB - Selective testicular venography is a safe, accurate outpatient procedure for preoperative localization of a nonpalpable testis. It may obviate surgery if testicular agenesis is identified or expedite surgical exploration by precise preoperative localization of the undescended testis. PMID- 31729 TI - Kansas Academy of Science, 109th Annual Meeting, Fort Hays State University, April 14, 1977. Abstracts of contributed papers. PMID- 31730 TI - Kansas Academy of Science, 110th Annual Meeting, the University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, April 14-15, 1978. Abstracts of contributed papers. PMID- 31731 TI - [8th International Symposium on Comparative Study of Leukemia and Related Diseases]. PMID- 31732 TI - [Support the initiative]. PMID- 31733 TI - [Conference held in Warsaw on 3rd April 1976 "Standardization of methods of identification of T. vaginalis"]. PMID- 31734 TI - [Parasitologic problems at the 5th International Congress of Protozoology held in New York (26 June - 2 July 1977)]. PMID- 31735 TI - [6th World Congress of the World Small Animals Veterinary Association and the 10th Congress of the Netherlands Small Animals Veterinary Association held on 21 22 April 1977]. PMID- 31736 TI - Results of a randomized study of medical and surgical management of angina pectoris. PMID- 31737 TI - A method of valvuloplastic esophagogastrostomy to prevent reflux after proximal gastrectomy: invited commentary. PMID- 31738 TI - The metabolites of procaterol HCl in urine and faeces of dog and man. AB - 1. The metabolites of procaterol HCl in dog urine and faeces and in human urine were qualitatively analysed by an improved g.l.c.-mass spectrometric method. 2. Trimethylsilylated derivatives of procaterol metabolites were identified by mass fragmentography as procaterol glucuronide, 5-(2-amino-1-hydroxybutyl)-8 hydroxycarbostyril (desisopropylprocaterol), 5-formyl-8-hydroxycarbostyril, 8 hydroxycarbostyril and unchanged procaterol. 3. The metabolic pattern of procaterol HCl was species-independent in rats, dogs and man. PMID- 31739 TI - [Drug-induced lung diseases]. PMID- 31740 TI - Effect of generalized graft-versus-host-reaction on B- and T-lymphocytes and a benzpyrene-induced murine sarcoma. AB - The investigations of 400 adult hybrids from A/Jax fem. BALB/c male were aimed at answering the following questions: 1. What is the influence of a generalized graft-versus-host-reaction (GVHR) on the induction and growth of benzpyren induced sarcoma? 2. What is the behavior of B- and T-lymphocytes during GVHR, and during induction and growth of benzpyren-induced sarcoma? 3. Which are the deductions to be drawn with regard to the effect of B- and T-lymphocytes during tumorigenesis and tumor growth? RESULTS: 1. The number of tumors was significantly greater in the GVHR animals (74.5%) than in the controls (49.5%). 2. A significant decrease of T-lymphocytes and increase of B-lymphocytes during GVHR were found in the peripheral blood. 3. The examination of the tumor marginal zone showed a marked decrease of the total round cell count and the T cells, while the count of B-lymphocytes remained uninfluenced. These results are discussed and compared with results of other authors. PMID- 31741 TI - [Development during ontogenesis of the hormone reactivity of metabolic enzyme systems and cyclic nucleotide function]. PMID- 31742 TI - [Transplantation immunology and pregnancy]. PMID- 31743 TI - [Biophysical and biochemical basis of muscle contraction]. PMID- 31744 TI - [13th Alpine Urologic Symposium. Bladder emptying disorders]. PMID- 31745 TI - Purification and properties of rennin-like enzyme from Aspergillus ochraceus. AB - An active milk-clotting enzyme was purified some 40-fold from culture supernatant of Aspergillus ochraceus. The purification steps included ammonium sulfate precipitation, G-100 Sephadex gel filtration, and ion exchange chromatography, using DEAE Cellulose column. The enzyme exhibited milk-clotting activity and proteolytic behaviour, an optimum at pH 6.0 and in the range of 7--8.5, respectively. The purified enzyme was actively proteolytic against casein, haemoglobin, and bovine serum albumin at pH 8. The milk-clotting activity was greatly enhanced by manganous ions and by increasing concentrations of calcium chloride. Copper, zinc, and ammonium ions were potent inhibitors of the milk curdling activity of the purified enzyme. Significant inhibition was also noted with sodium chloride at concentrations of 3% or more. Under the specified reaction condition, maximum rate of proteolysis against casein was obtained at 0.4% substrate concentration, whereas the milk-clotting time was linear proportional to dry skim milk concentration in the range of 8 to 24%. The results are discussed in comparison with other microbial milk-clotting enzymes, and limitations of applicability are also presented. PMID- 31746 TI - Dynamics of microbial population in soil as influenced by simazine and ecological factors. AB - Simazine, even at normal rates of application, showed toxicity to bacteria fungi. It was less toxic to actinomycetes, since toxicity up to 20 ppm of the herbicide was not observed. On the contrary, the normal rate of simazine stimulated both Azotobacter and actinomycetes population. The interaction of simazine with soil ecological factors, such as temperature, moisture, pH, and organic matter, affected soil microbial population differently. Simazine was relatively less toxic to bacteria under acidic and alkaline conditions of soil; they were not affected at 15 degrees C. Actinomycetes were comparatively not adversely affected even with 200 ppm of simazine under high soil moisture regime. The stimulatory effect of simazine on Azotobacter was also confirmed under different ecological conditions. The incorporation of 2 per cent of organic matter in soil mitigated the toxicity of simazine in respect to soil fungi. Simazine also appeared to be less toxic to soil fungi at lower temperatures, under acidic and alkaline conditions of soil, as well as under high moisture regime. PMID- 31747 TI - 2nd conference of the International Organization for Mycoplasmology (IOM) August 28--September 1, 1978 in Freiburg i. Br. 1. Symposium: "molecular biology of mycoplasmas". Abstracts. PMID- 31748 TI - L-Histidine ammonia-lyase activity of axenically grown Hartmannella culbertsoni. AB - 1. Histidine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.3) activity in the cell-free extracts of Hartmannella culbertsoni has been partially purified and the optimum activity is found at pH 9.0--9.2. 2. The enzyme required sulphydryl groups for its activity. L-2-Thiohistidine and EDTA competitively inhibit the enzyme. 3. Its molecular weight, as determined by gel filtration technique, is 131,800 daltons and the energy of activation for this enzyme is 15,205 cals/mole. 4. Certain amoebicidal drug and divalent cations have marked inhibitory effect on the enzyme. Co2+ has a profound stimulatory effect. PMID- 31749 TI - [Application of the main components method to studying the character of the distribution of humoral antibacterial antibodies in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 31750 TI - [Clinico-epidemiologic description of hemorrhagic fever with a renal syndrome in the Karelian ASSR]. PMID- 31751 TI - [Regional conference on the problems of the epidemiology, clinical picture, pathogenesis and treatment of mixed infections]. PMID- 31752 TI - [Role of B-lymphocytes in inactivating allogenic stem cells]. AB - Antisera to membrane antigens of B lumphocytes eliminated the capacity of lymphocytes to inactivate allogenous stem cells by 60%; however, lymphocytes from the lymph nodes of B mice possessed no inactivating capacity. T-lymphocytes were the main criteria inactivating allogenous stem cells. Cooperating with T lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes probably contributed to inactivation of precursor cells realized by T-lymphocytes. However, the presence of B-lymphocytes in the killer cells population was not a determinant, since T-lymphocytes were capable of inactivating allogenous stem cells without any participation of B-lymphocytes. PMID- 31753 TI - [1st All-Union Interdisciplinary Conference on "Functional asymmetry of the human brain"]. PMID- 31754 TI - Effects of bile acids, antacids, and cholestyramine on transmural electrical potential difference in man. AB - The effect of glycocholic acid (GCA) on functional changes of the gastric mucosal barrier was examined by measurement of transmural gastric potential difference (PD) in humans in the presence and absence of cholestyramine and of A1(OH)3 containing antacids possessing potent bile acid binding properties. Intagastric instillation of GCA induced reduction of PD which could be prevented by the more potent buffering Mg-A1(OH)3-containing antacid, but not by cholestyramine or the less potent A1(OH)3-containing antacid. It is concluded that for the prevention of bile acid induced damage of gastric mucosa potent antacids are superior to potent bile acid binding agents loosing the binding properties at low pH-values. PMID- 31755 TI - Effect of histamine-H2-receptor antagonists on the exocrine pancreatic secretion. AB - Pancreatic exocrine secretion has been studied in 10 patients with documented duodenal ulcer before and after 4 weeks of cimetidine treatment (1 g/die). This chronic 'short term' cimetidine administration did not result in any substantial modification of exo-pancreatic response stimulated by Secretin and Caerulein. From this point of view the drug could be employed in the treatment of pancreatic insufficiency in order to obtain a better utilization of pancreatic enzyme supplement. It is, however, questionable if such a 'long-term' therapy may be responsible for the appearance or the relapse of a peptic ulcer. PMID- 31756 TI - Effects of acute hypercapnia and hypocapnia on plasma and red cell potassium, blood lactate and base excess in man during anesthesia. AB - In order to test the relationship between changes in plasma potassium concentration and pH changes of respiratory origin, we produced hypercapnia (mean PaCO2 71 mmHg = 9.5 kPa) in a group of 17 patients and hypocapnia (mean PaCO2 21 mmHg = 2.8 kPa) in another 20 patients during neurolept analgesia and intraabdominal operations. A control group of 19 patients was studied under normocapnia but otherwise identical conditions. During hypercapnia, serum potassium rose, deltaK/deltapH amounting to -0.82, -1.05 and -1.34 after 30, 60 and 90 min, respectively. During hypocapnia, serum potassium decreased, deltaK/deltapH being a little more negative than during hypercapnia (mean values 1.62, -2.44 and -1.60). Red cell potassium concentration decreased in all three groups to a similar extent. Blood lactate levels during hypercapnia decreased to 75% of control and during hypocapnia rose to a maximum of 186% of control. In order to obtain reasonable values for base excess in primarily respiratory acid base disorders, it is necessary to use nomograms based on in vivo ECF-CO2 titration curves. With this premise, hypercapnia or hypocapnia in our patients was not associated with significant changes in base excess. PMID- 31757 TI - Influence of morphine anaesthesia on the endocrine-metabolic response to open heart surgery. AB - Twelve patients scheduled for aortic valve replacement during extracorporal circulation were randomly allocated to either morphine anaesthesia or fluroxene anaesthesia. Morphine in a total dose of 4 mg/kg was administered before skin incision. At the start of extracorporal circulation all patients received 25 g glucose intravascularly. The endocrine-metabolic response to surgery, as expressed by changes in plasma ACTH, cortisol, insulin, growth hormone, cyclic adenosine-3',-5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), glucose, free fatty acids, blood b hydroxybutyrate and cumulative nitrogen balance was measured before and during anaesthesia and surgery, and on the first five post-operative days. It was found that morphine anaesthesia blocked the increase in ACTH, cortisol, growth hormone, cyclic AMP, and glucose during surgery. However, after initiation of extracorporal circulation only ACTH, cortisol, and, to a lesser degree, the glucose and insulin response to glucose were lowered by morphine anaesthesia. From the first to the fifth days after operation no differences between the two groups could be demonstrated in any parameter. Cumulative nitrogen balance was similar in the two groups. It is concluded that morphine in large doses administered before skin incision inhibits the initial endocrine-metabolic response to open-heart surgery, but that the effect is short-lasting and without effect on overall postoperative protein catabolism. PMID- 31758 TI - Hypoxia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction in man: inhibition due to diethyl ether and halothane anesthesia. PMID- 31759 TI - Pressure passive cerebral blood flow and breakdown of the blood-brain barrier in experimental fetal asphyxia. AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied in non-exteriorized near-term sheep fetuses using the radioactive microsphere technique. By partially occluding the umbilical vessels for a period of 1--1 1/2 hours a progressive and severe asphyxia with a final arterial pH of 6.90 was achieved. Varying the mean arterial blood pressure in the fetuses by blood withdrawal or infusion in this state, CBF was measured at different perfusion pressures (mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) minus central venous pressure (CVP)). A passive flow/pressure relationship--loss of autoregulation--was found, with hyperemia reaching CBF values up to 6 times normal at normal MABP of about 60 to 70 mmHg, and severe ischemia reaching CBF values close to zero in large cortical areas at MABP of 30 mmHg. CVP remained essentially unchanged at 10--15 mmHg. The severe and prolonged asphyxia rendered the blood-brain barrier leaky to the albumin tracer Evans blue. In four other fetuses umbilical cord clamping was omitted. However, only in one of these cases was acidosis completely avoided, and CBF autoregulation maintained. The three other fetuses were acidotic at the end of the surgical procedure and had impaired autoregulation. PMID- 31760 TI - More on cross-reactions of Pneumococci and Klebsiella. AB - Earlier studies are extended to the higher-numbered K-types of Klebsiella, several of which may now be fitted into the previously found groups. Additional correlations between chemical structure and serological specificity are given, not only among the higher K-types, but also for several which were previously uninterpretable because structures were not known at the time. K1, K5, K6, K7 and K56 are shown to form a related group, although the reasons for their cross reactivities are not always the same. PMID- 31761 TI - California encephalitis group viruses isolated from mosquitoes collected in Southern and Arctic Norway. AB - Three virus strains serologically related to the California encephalitis group (Bunyaviridae) of arboviruses were isolated from 7331 mosquitoes collected in Norway in June-August 1975. Two of the isolates (S 548 and S 618) seemed to be closely related and the third, S 568, more distantly related by serological techniques to Tahyna virus. Viruses were found in the mosquito species Aedes sticticus, A. diantaeus and A. hexodontus colllected (in order) from Oyern (59 degrees N, 11 degrees 12' E), Trandum (60 degrees 08' N, 11 degrees 10' E) and Masi (69 degrees 26' N, 23 degrees 39' E). The Masi isolate seems to be the northernmost arbovirus isolate in the world so far. Strain S 568 was from 16 male A. diantaeus, indicating transovarial transmission of the virus. An accidental infection demonstrated the potential human pathogenicity of one of the newly isolated strains (S 568), and the ability of CE viruses to persistently infect suckling mouse brains was indicated by in vivo findings. The biological characteristics of the new strains so far investigated are consistent with those of the California encephalitis group. During this work the Aerosil absorption method for production of haemagglutinating antigens proved useful for Tahyna virus and the newly-isolated strains. Trypsinization of erythrocytes improved the haemagglutinating capacities of these viruses. PMID- 31762 TI - New evidence that demonstrates that L-pro-L-leu-L-gly-NH2 might be the natural MIF. AB - A wide range of doses was used to study the effect of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (MIF) on the MSH release in rat pituitaries incubated in vitro. The Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 was added to one half of the gland, and the other was used as control. The MSH released into the medium was measured by a bioassay and the activity of the samples referred to a standard of synthetic alpha-MSH. Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 in doses of 10 to 30 ng/ml inhibited the MSH release in about 60%. Doses between 10(3) to 10(4) ng/ml induced neither release nor inhibition of the release of MSH. Dose of 10(5) ng/ml clearly induced release of MSH. The results of the additional experiments presented, although they represent no proof, are in line with the contention that Pro-Ley-Gly-NH2 in the natural MIF. PMID- 31763 TI - Effect of intraantral pH on basal gastrin release into the circulation and antral lumen in anesthetized cats. AB - In acute experiments on cats antral pouches were perfused with solutions of different pH (1-13). After antrum passage the gastrin levels in the perfusates were measured with radioimmunoassay and the amounts of gastrin released into the antral lumen per minute calculated. The venous gastrin levels were determined concomitantly. Small amounts of gastrin (1,000--1,500 pg/min) were released into the antrum during perfusion with 0.1 M HCl. Subsequent perfusion with 0.15 M NaCl (pH 6.8) did not significantly increase the release of gastrin. On the other hand, 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) caused a dramatic augmentation of the gastrin output into the antral lumen (approximately 17 fold). A concomitant increase of peripheral gastrin levels was observed. Also other alkaline solutions such as 0.15 M NaHCO3 (pH 8), 0.15 M Tris buffer (pH) or 0.01 and 0.1 M NaOH (pH 12 and 13) promoted the release of gastrin. It is discussed whether the gastrin release at alkaline pH is induced by the alkaline pH itself or by anions such as HPO-4, HCO-3 and OH-. The apparent effect of pH could then be due to the formation of these ions at higher pH. PMID- 31764 TI - [Action of neuroleptics in the serum M.A.O. of the rat]. PMID- 31765 TI - [Experience and results in the treatment of cryptorchism]. PMID- 31766 TI - Carbonic anhydrase: structure catalytic versatility, and inhibition. PMID- 31767 TI - Cottonseed protein derivatives as nutritional and functional supplements in food formulations. AB - Cottonseeds contain protein with desirable food functional and nutritional properties. Storage globulins make up most of the protein stored in cottonseed and can be separated into five fractions by gel filtration chromatography. Each fraction is distinguishable from the other by its amino acid and polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic properties. Proteins of cottonseed contribute greatly to the functional properties of emulsions, co-isolates, and texturized derivatives. For example, increasing the amount of high protein cottonseed flour in wheat suspensions from 2% to 10% improved the capacity (54-97 ml of oil) and viscosity (5,000-100,000+ cps) of emulsions. The 10% suspension formed emulsions with increasing oil capacity (84-100 ml) and viscosity (28,000-100,000+ cps) as the pH was adjusted from 4.5 to 9.5. Consistencies of the products ranged from that of salad dressing (low percent suspensions, or acid pH) to that of mayonnaise (high percent, or basic pH). These data were utilized to derive a multiple regression model to predict optimum use of cottonseed proteins in emulsions of varying consistencies. A coprecipitated isolate containing greater than 94% protein was prepared from a blend of cottonseed and peanut flours. Amino acid content of the co-isolate reflected that of the protein in the two flours of the composite. The co-isolate has lower gossypol level and improved color and functional properties than a cottonseed protein isolate. Storage protein isolate of cottonseed suspended in aqueous solution and heated with constant stirring forms a texturized product; the quality of the product depends on heat, pH, salt, and the quantity of nonstorage proteins. Protein and amino acid content of meat products were improved by the addition of the texturized protein of cottonseed. PMID- 31768 TI - Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Drugs Affecting Lipid Metabolism. PMID- 31769 TI - Drugs, lipid metabolism, and atherosclerosis: summary. PMID- 31770 TI - Thermal and vortical stability of purified human fibroblast interferon. AB - The loss of biological activity upon heating or agitation of human interferons is markedly altered by changing their aqueous environment. Low pH significantly stabilizes liquid fibroblast interferon at 68 degrees C and 37 degrees C whereas chaotropic salts stabilize at 68 degrees C but not at 37 degrees C; this anomalous result may be due to reactivation of biological activity at the higher temperature. The concentration of extraneous proteins influences the apparent thermal stability at any temperature and pH; thus, interferon was not stable even at low pH at protein concentrations less than 5 microgram/ml. Solutions of partially purified fibroblast interferon can be inactivated by mechanical stress; the addition of proteins or nonionic detergents prevents such inactivation. Freeze-dried preparations show the greatest thermal stability. The use of high temperature, accelerated storage tests makes it possible to predict the shelf life of freeze-dried interferon. PMID- 31771 TI - Genetic control of susceptibility and resistance to parasitic infection. PMID- 31772 TI - Neurological and mental disturbances in the elderly. Proceedings of a conference held December 1977 in Jersey, Channel Islands. PMID- 31773 TI - Growth of infective forms of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei on buffalo lung and Chinese hamster lung tissue culture cells. AB - Infective cultures of Trypanosoma (T.) brucei (strain 427) have been initiated and maintained on Chinese hamster lung tissue culture cells and buffalo lung tissue culture cells. By changing daily one-third of the RPMI-1640 plus 20% fetal bovine serum medium, the cell numbers can be maintained at 2--4 X 10(6) cells/ml. The cultured trypanosomes on these two tissue culture cell types were infective to mice and morphologically similar to bloodstream slender trypomastigotes in having a subterminal kinetoplast and a surface coat. In addition, they possessed the L-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase, the predominant steady state terminal oxidase identified in bloodstream trypomastigotes. PMID- 31774 TI - The in vitro interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream forms and mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - The uptake and further development of bloodstream forms from T. cruzi Y and CL strains in mouse peritoneal macrophages have been investigated. Parasites from the Y strain (which present predominance of slender forms) are 20 to 30-fold more infective to macrophages than those from CL strain in which stout forms highly predominate. A complete amastigote-trypomastigote cycle is observed in normal or thioglycollate-induced macrophages infected with parasites from both strains.- Opsonization significantly increases the uptake by normal macrophages of parasites from both strains. The fate of the opsonizated parasites is, however, different: the Y trypomastigotes present a normal cycle which culminates with the release of newly formed trypomastigotes whereas CL parasites are extensively destroyed by normal macrophages.--The differences in the uptake and fate displayed by both T. cruzi populations are not well understood. They are apparently related to parasite membrane components or macrophage receptors differences, which are probably influencing endocytosis and the further intracellular development of the parasites. PMID- 31775 TI - Generation of free radicals from phenazine methosulfate in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. AB - A significant growth inhibition of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes by phenazine methosulfate (PMS) was observed in Warren's medium. This toxic activity could be related to the following parameters: a) formation of phenazinium free radical, b) generation of superoxide anion in intact cells incubated with PMS, and c) PMS also increased significantly the rate of O2- generation in epimastigotes mitochondrial and microsomal fractions using NADH as electron donor. PMID- 31776 TI - The influence of hydroxyurea and colchicine on growth and morphology of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Cultures of Trypanosoma cruzi have been exposed to the drugs hydroxyurea and colchicine. We found that hydroxyurea (200 microgram/ml) completely inhibited growth and differentiation of T. cruzi Y strain. Colchicine (200 microgram/ml) reduced the growth of T. cruzi 30% and stimulated cell differentiation from epimastigotes to trypomastigotes. Furthermore it caused anuclear cells with apparently intact kinetoplasts. The possible use of these anuclear forms in studies on kinetoplast DNA organization and expression is suggested. PMID- 31777 TI - Effect of ethidium bromide on growth and morphology of Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes in vitro. AB - Incubation of Leishmania tarentolae promastigotes in 0.01 microgram/ml ethidium bromide in Neo Ye medium for 96 h resulted in 60% inhibition of cell growth and 91% dyskinetoplasty. After 48 h incubation in ethidium bromide over 50% of the cells were scored dyskinetoplastic by light microscopy although the electron microscopical examination revealed that most promastigotes contained at least a small amount of kDNA. A few of the treated cells undergoing division contained two kinetoplasts--one devoid of kDNA and the other with a reduced amount of kDNA as seen in the electron micrographs. PMID- 31778 TI - Excretion of uric acid and amino acids during diuresis in the adult female Glossina morsitans. AB - Radiometric analysis was carried out on the urine collected for one hour following feeding of the adult female Glossina morsitans on day 1 of a pregnancy cycle, which had previously received haemocoelic injections of U-14C labelled arginine, histidine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine or valine. Mean radioactivity in the urine was quite high after labelled arginine (17.4% of injected activity) and histidine (21.8%) administration, most of the activity being in the amino acid fractions. With the remaining six labelled amino acids, mean radioactivity in the urine varied between 1.6 and 7.2% of injected activity, most of this activity occurred in a non-amino acid fraction (probably uric acid), though low radioactivity was also detected in a range of essential as well as non-essential amino acids. PMID- 31779 TI - Fluctuations in numbers and eventual collapse of a Glossina palpalis (R.-D.) population in Anara Forest Reserve of Nigeria. PMID- 31780 TI - Ectopic lesion of schistosomiasis of the penis simulating an early carcinoma. AB - A case of ectopic lesion of Schistosoma haematobium of the penis with extensive tissue destruction, simulating an early carcinoma of the penis and almost resulting in an autoamputation of the crown of the penis, is presented. The penis was surgically repaired and the patient treated with ambilhar. In schistosoma endemic area, it is important to think of ectopic schistosoma lesion by such a presentation. Existing theories to explain the presence of schistosoma eggs in locations outside the portal-caval system were reviewed and another one was advanced: its being sexually transmitted. PMID- 31781 TI - Immunological studies on onchocerciasis. Varying skin hypersensitivity and leucocyte migration inhibition in a clinical spectrum of the disease. AB - Soluble antigen was prepared from adult worms and microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus. In 27 patients clinically characterized as having generalized type (17) and localized reaction type (10) onchocerciasis, the response to this antigen was assessed in vivo by skin testing and in vitro by leucocyte migration inhibition assay. Three varieties of skin hypersensitivity were observed: Immediate, Arthus type and delayed or type IV hypersensitivity. The first 2 occurred in all patients, but type IV hypersensitivity was noted only in 10, eight of whom had localized reactive type onchocerciasis, whilst the other 2 had mild generalized lesions which had for the most part healed with treatment. The leucocyte migration inhibition assay showed a spectrum of responsiveness with significant inhibition in the presence of antigen in 8 patients with localized lesions and in 2 others with mild generalized disease which had largely healed.--The specificity of the skin reaction and leucocyte migration inhibition to the antigen used was confirmed by the results obtained when a control group of 18 subjects, with no evidence of previous filarial infection, was similarly tested. 16 of them showed no skin hypersensitivity and 2 had a doubtful immediate reaction. No significant inhibition of leucocyte migration in the presence of antigen was noted in this group. PMID- 31782 TI - The use of mebendazole in the treatment of Taenia saginata taeniasis in an endemic area in the Philippines. AB - The successful treatment of Taenia saginata taeniasis with mebendazole is herein reported. 41 subjects ascertained to have taeniasis based on the history of passage of gravid segments and positivity for Taenia egg were treated with 300 mg mebendazole b.i.d. for 3 days without need for fasting. No side-effects were observed. The drug acts as a taeniacide. The worms were expelled either as degenerated boluses or fragmented segments on the 2nd to the 4th day (Mean: 2.4 days) after the initial dose. 33 (84.6%) of the 41 subjects expelled the worm. A follow-up of all the subjects 2--3 months after treatment revealed that all those who expelled the worm following treatment and 6 of those who did not were negative for both Taenia egg and gravid segment, or a cure rate of 95%. PMID- 31783 TI - Free plasma amino acid profiles of normal and Trypanosoma brucei-infected rats. PMID- 31784 TI - Field and laboratory observations on parasitization rates of Glossina puparia by Syntomosphyrum species in Nigeria. Short communication. PMID- 31785 TI - Torsade de pointes: an addition to the nosography of ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 31786 TI - Biochemical aspects of arrhythmogenesis and ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 31787 TI - Effective interventions to reduce infection in malnourished populations. Proceedings of a symposium held on June 12--16, 1977, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. PMID- 31788 TI - The parotid and the pancreas. V. Effects of a synthetic prostaglandin analog on parotid gland secretion. AB - Effects of a synthetic prostaglandin analog--16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 methyl ester (16-diMe-PGE2)--on parotid secretion were evaluated in eight dogs under anesthesia. Graded doses of 16-diMe-PGE2 (0.3, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 microgram./kg.) were administered intravenously with the parotid in the resting state or in response to urecholine (intravenous infusion or subcutaneous injections). Profound and prolonged inhibition of volume occurred. Amylase concentration was increased but output was unchanged. Bicarbonate concentration was increased but output was decreased. Nonsteroid inhibitors of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis did not alter these effects. Although these studies do not establish a physiologic role for prostaglandins in the regulation of salivary secretion, they do demonstrate a wide-ranging effect of prostaglandins on the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 31789 TI - Clarification on legal status of some antihistamine products. PMID- 31790 TI - Cefoxitin sodium compatibility with intravenous infusions and additives. AB - The compatibility and stability of cefoxitin sodium in solution with a series of frequently used intravenous infusion fluids and injectable additives were studied. Cefoxitin sodium's stability in various solutions was measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, iodometry, thin-layer chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography and microbiological assay. Cefoxitin sodium was shown to maintain 90% of its initial concentration in aqueous solution for 40 hours at room temperature (25 C) and about 30 days at 5 C. The stability of cefoxitin sodium in common i.v. infusion fluids was independent of the concentrations (1 mg/ml to 400 mg/ml) and containers used, and was retained after 30 weeks storage at -20 C. Similar stability patterns were demonstrated for cefoxitin sodium in protein hydrolysate solutions and multivitamin formulations. Cefoxitin sodium was chemically and visually compatible with amikacin sulfate, gentamicin sulfate, kanamycin sulfate and tobramycin sulfate when admixed with normal saline or 5% dextrose in water injections. Cefoxitin sodium (397 mg/ml) in 0.5% lidocaine hydrochloride was stable after 26 weeks of storage at -20 C. Sodium cefoxitin is compatible with a wide variety of commonly used infusion solutions. Its stability is independent of concentration or pH within the ranges studied, and of types of common containers. PMID- 31791 TI - Effect of oxygen at high pressure on spontaneous transmitter release. AB - The effect of oxygen at high pressure (OHP) on resting membrane properties (effective membrane resistance (Reff) and membrane potential (Vm)) and the spontaneous release of excitatory transmitter were examined at the lobster neuromuscular junction. Pressurization with 100% oxygen to 150 pounds per square inch gauge pressure (psig) or with nitrogen to 150 psig (7,000 mmHg nitrogen and 135 mmHg oxygen) produced a decrease in Reff associated with a hyperpolarization of Vm. These changes, however, returned to control values within 20--30 min after completion of pressurization. Spontaneous release of excitatory transmitter was shown to increase dramatically in the presence of 100% oxygen at 150 psig. The increase in miniature end-plate potential (MEPP) frequency persisted beyond the transient changes seen with Reff and Vm. This effect was selective to oxygen, as pressurization with nitrogen did not produce an increase in MEPP frequency. No change in average MEPP amplitude was seen with either OHP or pressure alone. An OHP-induced increase in MEPP frequency was also seen at the frog neuromuscular junction. The results indicate that both glutamate-mediated and acetylcholine mediated synaptic transmission are altered by OHP. PMID- 31792 TI - Influence of pH on elastic deformability of the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - Fresh human blood was diluted 1:5000 in buffered saline-sucrose solution and titrated to a pH varying from 4.5 to 10.5 with 0.1 N HCl or 0.1 N NaOH. Circular regions of the membrane of individual cells were then deformed at 25 degrees C by aspiration into a micropipette having an internal tip diameter of 0.9-1.4 micron. A membrane surface elasticity modulus, mu (dyn/cm), was computed from the relationship between length of the aspirated membrane and the deforming pressure according to a two-dimensional membrane model. Surface elasticity increases with decreasing pH and with time after the cell suspension is acidified, rising several orders of magnitude with a t1/2 of 1--5 h as pH is lowered from 7.2 to 4.6. This increase in mu is only partially reversible. pH greater than 7.2 had little effect on mu. Membrane surface elasticity is not affected by variations in external [Ca2+] over the range of 0--50 mM, tonicity of the suspension medium from 275--400 mosM, or age of 0--50 h. Addition of 50 mM NaHCO3 to the medium increases the rate of change of mu at a given pH. These results suggest that the elastic properties of the red cell membrane are largely determined by interactions among structural proteins located on the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane and that these interactions are initiated by changes in intracellular pH. PMID- 31793 TI - Interrelationship between chloride fluxes in pancreatic islets and insulin release. AB - The role of Cl- in the function of pancreatic beta-cells was studied by using islets of noninbred ob/ob mice. 36Cl- was rapidly taken up by islet cells; apparent isotope equilibrium was reached within 30 min. The apparent distribution ratio was 0.50--0.72 in N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) medium and about 1.1 in Krebs-Henseleit medium. Uptake of 36Cl- was inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol, increased by ouabain, and not affected by omission of K+, Na+, or Ca2+. D-Glucose increased short-term uptake of 36Cl- but decreased the equilibrium content. Efflux of 36Cl- from prelabeled islets approached first-order kinetics with a half-life of about 5 min, was inhibited by 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid or low temperature, was stimulated by D-glucose, D-mannose, or hydronium ion, and was unaffected by L glucose or 3-O-methyl-D-glucose; D-manno-heptulose abolished the effect of D glucose. Insulin secretion in response to D-glucose was reversibly inhibited in Cl- -deficient media. It is suggested that Cl- is nonpassively distributed across the beta-cell plasma membrane. D-Glucose-induced depolarization of beta-cells may partly be mediated by an increase of the Cl- permeability. PMID- 31794 TI - Subcellular distribution of nucleotide cyclases in rat intestinal epithelium. AB - The subcellular distributions of adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase were determined for the mature enterocyte from the rat duodenum. Brush-border and basolateral membranes were prepared from isolated cells by an analytical isolation procedure, and multiple linear regression analysis was used to obtain a quantitative estimate of the distribution of recovered cyclase activities between the brush borders and basolateral membranes. Adenylate cyclase was largely confined to the basolateral surface of the epithelium, whereas guanylate cyclase was found on the brush-border and basolateral membrane fractions in the ratio 2.4:1. There was no evidence for the presence of nucleotide cyclases in the cytosol. Guanylate cyclase in both the brush-border and basolateral membranes was stimulated by epinephrine, insulin, and Triton X-100, but not by carbachol. Adenylate cyclase was not influenced by epinephrine, but was markedly stimulated by NaF and vasoactive intestinal peptide. These results are discussed in relation to the effects of hormones on transport across the small intestine. PMID- 31795 TI - Pancreatic response to intestinal perfusion with lactic acid or acidified albumin. AB - To test the hypothesis that the permeability of weak acids across the intestinal mucosa affects their ability to stimulate pancreatic bicarbonate output, we compared pancreatic bicarbonate secretion in response to intestinal perfusion with an acid presumed to be permeable to cell membranes, lactic acid (90 daltons), and an acid presumed to be impermeable, acidified bovine serum albumin (about 70,000 daltons). These two substances have similar titration curves from pH 2.00 to pH 4.50. In four conscious dogs with pancreatic fistulas, solutions of these weak acids were perfused at 50 ml/15 min into the intestine at concentrations adjusted to deliver 1, 2, or 4 mmol/15 min of acid titratable to pH 4.50 (threshold pH for bicarbonate stimulation) from an initial pH of 2.00 or 3.50. At both pH 2.00 and 3.50 and at all titratable acid loads, bicarbonate secretory responses to lactic acid and acidified albumin were not significantly different. Equal titratable acid loads of HCl produced much larger secretory responses. The data do not support the hypothesis that permeability of weak acids is a factor, but confirm the observation that weak acids are less potent than strong acids in stimulating pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. PMID- 31796 TI - Importance of chloride for acute inhibition of renin by sodium chloride. AB - To evaluate the contribution of chloride to acute renin inhibition by sodium chloride, plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured before and after peripheral venous infusion of NaCl, NaHCO3, NaBr, NaNO3, lysine monohydrochloride, or lysine glutamate in NaCl-deprived rats. In contrast to controls and animals infused with other sodium salts, PRA decreased (P less than 0.01) after infusion with NaCl [from 28.3 +/- 2.8 to 13.3 +/- 1.8 ng/ml per h (SE)] and NaBr (from 40.6 +/- 6.2 to 21.8 +/- 3.9 ng/ml per h), and renal tubular halide reabsorption increased (P less than 0.05). Arterial pressure, plasma volume, inulin clearance, net sodium balance, serum Na+ and K+, and pH were not different among sodium-loaded groups. PRA was also suppressed (P less than 0.01) by infusion with lysine monohydrochloride (from 51.6 +/- 5.4 to 32.4 +/- 5.1 ng/ml per h) but not with lysine glutamate. These results suggest that inhibition of renin by sodium is dependent on an intrarenal effect of chloride. During infusion with sodium salts which suppressed renin, negative free water clearance (TcH2O) increased, whereas infusion with sodium salts that did not inhibit renin resulted in either no change or decreased TcH2O. The association of renin inhibition and increased TcH2O indirectly supports the hypothesis that renin suppression by chloride is related to the magnitude of absorptive chloride transport in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. PMID- 31797 TI - Temporal stability and precision of ventricular defibrillation threshold data. AB - Over 200 measurements of the minimum damped sinusoidal current and energy for transchest electrical ventricular defibrillation (ventricular defibrillation threshold) were made to determine the stability and precision of threshold data in 15 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Threshold was determined by repeated trials of fibrillation and defibrillation with successive shocks of diminishing current, each 10% less than that of the preceding shock. The lowest shock intensity that defibrillated was defined as threshold. In three groups of five dogs each, threshold was measured at intervals of 60, 15, and 5 min over periods of 8, 5, and 1 h, respectively. Similar results were obtained for all groups. There was no significant change in mean threshold current with time. Owing to a decrease in transchest impedance, threshold delivered energy decreased by 10% during the first hour of testing. The standard deviations for threshold peak current and delivered energy in a given animal were 11% and 22% of their respective mean values. Arterial blood pH, Pco2, and Po2 averaged change of pH, PCO2 and PO2 were not significantly different from zero. The data demonstrate that ventricular defibrillation threshold is a stable physiological parameter that may be measured with reasonable precision. PMID- 31798 TI - Pulmonary capillary pressure in intact dog lungs. AB - We used a gravimetric method to determine the ratio (gamma) of pulmonary venous to total pulmonary vascular resistance in intact dog lungs. From this ratio, pulmonary capillary pressure (Pc) can be calculated. The average value of gamma was 0.50 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- SD) in 10 dogs. We found no correlation between gamma and PO2, PCO2, pH, or hematocrit in the narrow ranges of these experiments. Over the capillary pressure range of 22.4--35.2 mmHg we found no correlation between gamma and Pc. The value of gamma found in this study is not significantly different from the value found in isolated perfused lungs. PMID- 31799 TI - Endocrine testing in tardive dyskinesias: preliminary report. PMID- 31800 TI - Impressions of psychiatric problems and their management: China, 1977. AB - The authors, who visited the People's Republic of China in October 1977, describe the treatment methods used there, particularly in the Shanghai Mental Hospital, a 1,000-bed hospital for acutely ill patients. Psychiatric treatment there appears to be a blend of Western pharmacology, traditional Chinese medicine, and group therapy. The authors also speculate on the possible cultural sources of stress related and interpersonal problems, provide a review of the literature regarding psychiatry in modern China, and outline the history of psychiatric treatment there. PMID- 31801 TI - Introduction: overview of the clinical studies program. PMID- 31802 TI - Factors related to tardive dyskinesia. AB - The authors found a 31% incidence of tardive dyskinesia among 261 schizophrenic outpatients treated with neuroleptics. Multiple linear logistic regression analysis revealed a higher incidence of tardive dyskinesia among elderly patients, those with longer records of hospitalization, those for whom neuroleptic medication had little therapeutic effect, and those treated with fluphenazine. Patients manifesting tardive dyskinesia tended to have fewer parkinsonian symptoms than those without the disorder, especially when tremors and akathisia were excluded from consideration. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that brain-damaged patients and male patients were more susceptible to severe forms of the disorder, even though these factors were not implicated in its initial appearance. PMID- 31803 TI - Eastern equine encephalomyelitis in upstate New York: studies of a 1976 epizootic by a modified serologic technique, hemagglutination reduction, for rapid detection of virus infections. AB - An extensive outbreak of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) occurred in upstate New York during the summer of 1976, with 37 cases confirmed in horses by isolation of virus and/or by serologic examination. Other specimens collected in the affected area yielded 16 further isolates: 9 from 818 pools of 33,365 mosquitoes, 5 from tissues of 64 birds and 2 from 4 sentinel pheasants with serologic conversions. EEE antibodies were also detected in 81 of 499 wild birds tested. Our data implicate sparrows, cowbirds, and catbirds in the amplification of EEE virus and Culiseta melanura mosquitoes as vectors among avians. During the course of this epizootic a modified serologic technique involving hemagglutination reduction gave reliable diagnoses of EEE as early as 24 hours after receipt of field specimens. PMID- 31804 TI - An evaluation of the hypothesis of transovarial transmission of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus by Culiseta melanura. AB - Evidence for and against the hypothesis of transovarial transmission by Culiseta melanura was obtained during an ongoing eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) surveillance and control program. Evidence inconsistent with transovarial transmission included failure to isolated virus from 1,047 larvae, from 2,140 first-brood adults, or from 8,919 males collected at the same time as 3,977 nonblooded females which yielded 12 EEE isolates. Evidence supporting the hypothesis was the isolation of virus from both blooded and nonblooded adults simultaneously and also from a population with a parity rate so low that the infection rate for parous specimens would have been 1:8. Two alternative hypotheses which assume transovarial transmission are advanced to explain these results, but they seem so unlikely that the data are interpreted as opposing the concept. PMID- 31805 TI - Protection of gastric mucosa against acute ulceration by intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate. AB - The influence of intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate on gastric mucosal injury induced by topical sodium taurocholate and hemorrhagic shock was assessed in a canine ex vivo model. As expected, exposure of the gastric mucosa to sodium taurocholate and acid resulted in excessive back diffusion of hydrogen ions (H+) and mild mucosal damage. This mucosal injury was enhanced by hemorrhagic shock in the control dogs. The degree of mucosal injury was significantly less in the test dogs that received intravenous infusions of sodium bicarbonate. The protection afforded by intravenous bicarbonate was not due to a reduction in the amount of H+ entering the tissue, since the net H+ loss from the lumen was not significantly different between the control and the test dogs. The protection effect of intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate is probably secondary to an enhancement of mucosal tolerance to H+. These results support the hypothesis that the enhancement of mucosal injury during hemorrhagic shock may be a result of a decrease in the ability of the gastric mucosa to buffer the influxing H+. PMID- 31806 TI - Release of vasoactive intestinal peptide in the central nervous system in man. AB - Recent work has shown that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), one of the many candidate hormones of the gut, also occurs widely in neurones. To determine whether the neuronal peptide may have a neurotransmitter function, we studied changes in immunoreactive VIP in dog plasma and human cerebrospinal fluid after the infusion of choline esterase inhibitors (neostigmine and physostigmine, respectively). Immunoreactive VIP was released in both situations. The systemic changes (in VIP levels) were enhanced five weeks after portacaval shunting in dogs. Our results demonstrate that the immunoreactive VIP level increases as a result of choline esterase inhibitors. The plasma "release" may originate either from peripheral peptidinergic nerve terminals or from APUD cells of the gastroenteropancreatic system. The increase in immunoreactive cerebrospinal fluid VIP may very well originate from central neurons, since the peptide does not apparently cross the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 31807 TI - The pancreatic duct mucosal barrier. AB - The main pancreatic duct in cats possesses a relatively strong barrier to the diffusion of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-). We studied some of the characteristics of this barrier by perfusing the duct with a solution similar in composition to pancreatic juice before and after exposing the duct mucosa to various test agents. The difference in net flux of HCO3- across the duct before and after exposure to the test agent reflected damage to the barrier. The barrier was damaged by infected bile, aspirin (pH 2.3), hydrochloric acid (pH 2.3), ethanol (5 to 10 per cent), and secondary bile acids. It was not damged by sterile bile, aspirin (pH 6.5), and primary bile acids. These data indicate that the barrier to back diffusion in the pancreatic duct has unique properties, different in some respects from the properties of the gastric mucosal barrier. Furthermore, the barrier is vulnerable to some agents thought possibly to have a role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. PMID- 31808 TI - Clinical and in vitro analysis of determinants of gastroesophageal competence. A study of the principles of antireflux surgery. AB - The analysis of esophageal manometry and 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring in 266 consecutive patients indicates that the competency of the cardia depends upon the amplitude of the distal esophageal high pressure zone and the length of the abdominal esophagus. These two determinants of competency were examined using human esophagi in a unique in vitro model which allowed control of these parameters, as well as intraabdominal, intragastric, and intrathoracic pressures. The following principles of the function of the abdominal esophagus were graphically illustrated: (1) Competency of a segment of intraabdominal esophagus without intrinsic tone occurs only when intraabdominal pressure is equal to or greater than intragastric pressure. (2) Competency of a segment of intraabdominal esophagus without intrinsic tone is directly related to its length. (3) The length of intraabdominal esophagus necessary to maintain competency is indirectly related to variations in intraabdominal pressure. (4) Competency of a segment of intraabdominal esophagus is augmented by the presence of intrinsic tone, and the shorter the length, the greater the intrinsic tone needed. (5) Competency of a segment of intraabdominal esophagus is augmented by negative intrathoracic pressure. These findings beautifully illustrate the mechanical valvelike function of the abdominal esophagus and the objectives to be accomplished in the surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 31809 TI - [New aspects of tumor genesis (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports on the molecular biological site of action for cancerogenic substances. He shows how UV-radiation may lead to malignomas of the skin in the hereditary disease xeroderma pigmentosum and how ionising rays may cause changes of the DNA, the place of the genetic information. Since the virus genesis of malignant diseases has become more important lately, the author tries to point out the molecular biological connections of an eventual involvement of virus in the development of malignant diseases. PMID- 31810 TI - [Precancerous skin lesions in the aged (author's transl)]. AB - The term "precancerous" needs a new definition since it includes still malignant diseases like Morbus Paget of the nipple, Morbus Bowen and Erythroplasie Queyrat. The degree of malignancy of these disorders is analyzed. Precancerous conditions in the sense of benignant disorders which necessarily develop into malignant tumors are Melanosis circumscripta praeblastomatosa Dubreuilh and actinic keratoses. Potential precanceroses may be X-ray-atrophy, Leukoplakia and oral papillomatosis. Some actinic, chemic and cytostatic cancerogens are mentioned. Reference is made to the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of precancerous skin lesions. The problem of potential malignancy of nevi is considered in detail. Prevention of cancer needs regular careful clinical control of skin and mucous membranes at least after the 50th year of life. PMID- 31811 TI - [The rehabilitation therapy for older aged neoplastic patient (author's transl)]. AB - The advances in modern neoplastic therapie are benefitting more and more even older aged patients. The equality of chances for these patients is reached by general rehabilitation. The special problem of the therapy for older aged patients is their multi-morbidity. Besides the cancer exist for instant: malcirculation, emphysema, neurologic diseases and psychical defects. For all those diseases one has to take care within the rehabilitation. Beside consequently treated immuno-chemotherapy, modern surgical treatment, extinction of pain and mobilisation of the patients, the therapy of the patients psychical conditions is very important. For this the modern knowledge of group-therapy has it's special orientated engagement. PMID- 31812 TI - [New results on ageing of connective tissue (author's transl)]. AB - Some new results on ageing of connective tissue are demonstrated, regarding not only mesenchymal, but also parenchymal organs of human and rat (both sexes). These results show that ageing of connective tissue is more a dynamic process (with measurable metabolic parameters of the several connective tissue cells and their products) than a passive or so-called degenerative connective tissue process. The bradytrophy concept of connective tissue cannot be accepted any longer. Then connective tissue cells can produce metabolic rates of the same level like parenchymal cells. The different organs possess partly common basic processes partly differences in connective tissue ageing, dependent on the composition and patterns of proteoglycans resp. of GAG and collagen types, furthermore dependent on localisation, structure and function. The results on ageing of connective tissue are useful for better understanding of ageing processes of parenchymal organs. Then their ageing is influenced essentially by the ageing of the own connective tissues. The turnover, more than the number of mesenchymal and parenchymal cells, decreases with ageing. More old than young cells seem to exist in old tissues and organs. The performance of ageing connective tissue cells can be constant or increase or decrease. Many mesenchymal and parenchymal organs develop a so-called "ageing-fibrosis". PMID- 31813 TI - [Autoradiographic investigations on the behaviour of connective tissue metabolism during aging and hormonal disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 31814 TI - Age dependence of mechanical parameters in rat skin following repeated strain. AB - The mechanical parameters of rat skin repeatedly strained with increasing elongation or repeatedly strained with a constant elongation was studied and the hysteresis behaviour was analyzed depending on age. Male Sprague Dawlely rats of an age of 1,2,4, 12, and 24 months were used. Ultimate strain of skin showed a maximum at early adulthood (2 months) whereas the other ultimate values (ultimate load, tensile strength and ultimate modulus of elasticity) exhibited their maxima in late adulthood (4 months). All these ultimate values increased due to maturation and decreased due to senescence. At medium extensions the stress uptake and the elasticity modulus showed a minimum in adulthood. Likewise, in hysteresis experiments both energy dissipation and energy loss at medium extensions exhibited a minimum in adulthood. The ratio between these two parameters, i.e. the relative energy loss was almost independent from age. Residual extension had a minimum at 2 months of age. Therefore, in rat skin the reversibility of deformations had a maximum at early adulthood, stiffness at late adulthood. All those parameters were reversed due to the senescence process. PMID- 31815 TI - [Influence of age on biochemical parameters of the rat liver following partial hepatectomy (author's transl)]. AB - In the present paper measurements of DNA and protein content and lysosomal enzyme (beta-glucuronidase, beta-acetylglucosaminidase, cathepsin D) acitivities were performed in the rat liver following partial hepatectomy. The rats were divided into three age groups: 6 weeks, 10 months and 18 months. The regenerating liver of the 6 week and 10 month old animals disclosed significant higher concentrations of DNA than the controls. The 18 month old rats revealed no differences of the DNA content. In all age groups the protein content of the regenerating liver was significant diminished. There were age dependent differences of the activities of the three lysosomal enzymes. In comparison to the controls the beta-glucuronidase activity of the regenerating liver was significantly decreased in the 6 week and 18 month old animals, but significantly increased in the 10 month old rats. Refering to the protein content there were no differences of the activities of beta-acetylglucosaminidase and cathepsin D between the regenerating and control livers. Refering to the liver fresh weight the beta-acetylglucosaminidase activity of the regenerating liver was significant diminished in the 10 and 18 month old rats. PMID- 31816 TI - A new chromogenic substrate for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. PMID- 31817 TI - Improvements of the Anson assay for measuring proteolytic activities in acidic pH range. PMID- 31818 TI - A spectrophotometric determination of sulfate ion and its application in studies of substrate purity and of aryl sulfatase A kinetics. PMID- 31819 TI - A method for isolating lung mitochondria from rabbits, rats, and mice with improved respiratory characteristics. PMID- 31820 TI - Isoelectric focusing of human granulocyte lysosomal elastase in thin-layer polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 31821 TI - Two-stage methods for alkaline-range analytical isoelectric focusing in thin layer polyacrylamide gel: application to cationic proteins in serum. PMID- 31822 TI - Determination of isoelectric points in thin-layer isoelectric focusing: the importance of attaining the steady state and the role of CO2 interference. PMID- 31823 TI - Hindered migration of amino acids toward their isoelectric positions in gel electrofocusing, and facilitation of the migration at high ionic strength. PMID- 31824 TI - Reaction of o-phthalaldehyde and thiols with primary amines: fluorescence properties of 1-alkyl(and aryl)thio-2-alkylisoindoles. PMID- 31825 TI - A kinetic method for determination of arylsulfatase activity. PMID- 31826 TI - New methods for the colorimetric assay of PIID regulatory protein, uridylyltransferase, and uridylyl-removing enzyme in glutamine synthetase cascade. PMID- 31827 TI - [Elementary respiratory care in the postoperative period]. PMID- 31828 TI - Simulated intraoral laser microwelding of orthodontic appliances. PMID- 31829 TI - Cumulative dose-response curves for early evaluation of bronchodilator drugs. AB - SM 220, a new beta-receptor agonist, was compared with terbutaline by construction of dose response curves for FEV1, heart rate and blood pressure. The pharmacological profile of SM 220 after preclinical studies was that of a potent and highly selective bronchodilator. In this study the beta2 selectivity of SM 220 was poorer than that of terbutaline. The importance of commencing clinical evaluation of bronchodilators with a dose-response test is stressed. PMID- 31830 TI - Cardiovascular, acid-base, electrolyte, and plasma volume changes in ponies developing alimentary laminitis. AB - Twelve Shetland ponies were fed a high-starch ration. Seven ponies which had a transitory metabolic acidosis developed laminitis 56 hours (+/- 3.5, SEM) after overfeeding. These ponies also developed persistent hypokalemia, hyperthermia, and increased heart rate 24 hours before the onset of lameness. Serum sodium, serum chloride, hematocrit, plasma volume, and blood volume were unchanged. At the onset of clinical signs of laminitis, cardiac output and blood pressure increased, but total peripheral resistance was unchanged. None of the measured or calculated values predicted the onset of laminitis. Hypertension appeared to be a response to, rather than a cause of, lameness. Three of the remaining ponies apparently died of shock 29.3 +/- 2.7 hours after overfeeding. All 3 had severe metabolic acidosis; decreased cardiac output, systemic arterial pressure, and plasma volume; and increased hematocrit, total peripheral resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance. The 11th pony was unaffected and the 12th pony was euthanatized. PMID- 31831 TI - Failure to propagate equine infectious anemia virus in mosquitoes and Culicoides variipennis. AB - Laboratory-colonized mosquitoes, Culex tarsalis, aedes aegypti, Culiseta inornata, and Anopheles free-borni, and the biting gnat, Culicoides variipennis, were exposed to equine infectious anemia virus. Exposure to the virus was by intrathoracic inoculation for mosquitoes and by oral ingestion of an infective blood meal through a membrane for C variipennis. After various intervals, groups of 15 to 20 insects were homogenized and inoculated into susceptible ponies. Positive immunodiffusion test results were used as criterion for equine infectious anemia infection in ponies. Virus was not detected in the 4 species of mosquitoes at 3, 6, 12, and 18 days after inoculation, or in C variipennis at 6, 8, 12, 14, 21, and 26 days after oral exposure to the virus. PMID- 31832 TI - [Dimethylaminoethanol in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia]. PMID- 31833 TI - Control of cerebral blood vessels: present state of the art. PMID- 31834 TI - [Distribution of oleandomycin between the native broth and butylacetate depending on the biosynthesis conditions]. AB - Distribution of the active substance contained in the fermentation broth of Act. antibioticus between the acqueous phase and butylacetate depended on the fermentation conditions and the procedure for the fermentation broth treatment before filtration. Increase in pH values during the fermentation process resulted in lower antibiotic distribution coefficients which may be explained by the presence of oleandomycin-X, a biologically active substance in the fermentation broth filtrates. This substance differed from oleandomycin and did not pass into butylacetate from the acqueous alkaline solution. For transference of oleandomycin-X into oleandomycin exposition of the fermentation broth filtrate at pH 5.0--5.5 is required. PMID- 31835 TI - [Lysozyme activity of pneumococci]. AB - Examination of 329 pneumococcal strains showed that 41.2 per cent of the cultures had lysozyme activity. The frequency of the lysozyme feature depended on the method used. The lysozyme active strains were more frequently isolated from patients than from healthy persons and characterized by antibiotic resistance. The lysozyme feature correlated with the pneumococcal virulence with respect to albino mice, capacity for capsule formaiton and resistance to phagocytosis. PMID- 31837 TI - Proceedings of the seventh meeting of the World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. Sao Paulo, June 24, 1977. PMID- 31836 TI - HR 756, the syn isomer of a new methoxyimino cephalosporin with unusual antibacterial activity. AB - HR 756, the syn derivative of 7-[(2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2 methoxyimino)acetamido]cephalosporanic acid, is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin. It was 80 times more active than the anti derivative against beta lactamase-producing strains of gram-negative bacteria. The range of inhibitory concentrations of HR 756 against gram-negative bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae, susceptible or resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins was from 0.01 to 0.1 mug/ml. This activity was consistently higher than those observed with cephalothin, cephaloridine, cephalexin, and cefazolin. Nevertheless, some strains of Enterobacter cloacae were resistant. HR 756 showed very similar activity to that of ampicillin against group A streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae. PMID- 31838 TI - Deodorization of pig feces by actinomycetes. AB - Peg feces, a malodorous substance causing environmental pollution, were completely deodorized within 2 days by Streptomyces. The optimum conditions for deodorization were as follows: pH, 8.6 to 10; temperature, 35 to 40 degrees C; moisture content, 42 to 63%; and minimum amount of inoculum, 2 g of seed culture per 10 g of fresh feces. Many kinds of microorganisms were isolated from the deodorized feces, of which only actinomycetes were found to have the ability to deodorize. Two strains with strong deodorizing activity were identified as Streptomyces griseus and Streptomyces antibioticus. The low-molecular-weight fatty acids, which are the specific malodorous agents of pig feces, scarcely could be found in feces deodorized by the isolated strains. Chemical analysis showed that the deodorized feces are useful as manure. PMID- 31839 TI - Prevalence and distribution of Aeromonas hydrophila in the United States. AB - The abundance of Aeromonas hydrophila was measured in 147 natural aquatic habitats in 30 states and Puerto Rico. Viable cell counts were used to estimate density at all sites by using Rimler-Shotts medium, a differential presumptive medium for A. hydrophila. Temperature, pH, conductivity, salinity, and turbidity were measured simultaneously with water sample collection. The density of A. hydrophila was higher in lotic than in lentic systems. Saline systems had higher densities of A. hydrophila than did freshwater systems. A. hydrophila could not be isolated from extremely saline, thermal, or polluted waters, even though it was found over wide ranges of salinity, conductivity, temperature, pH, and turbidity. Of the water quality parameters measured, only conductivity was significantly regressed with density of A. hydrophila. PMID- 31840 TI - Infectivity titers of adenovirus type 5 suspensions after exposure to cigarette smoke. AB - Suspension of adenovirus type 5 in 2.0 ml of cell culture fluid at 37 degrees C were subjected to smoke from four cigarettes over a 4-h period. The cigarettes were smoked in a normal manner, and the inhaled smoke was exhaled through glass tubing into the virus-containing fluid. The virus suspensions were then titrated, using monolayer cultures of HEp-2 cells. Smoke from filter-tipped or regular cigarettes caused a 2- to 3-log drop in titer of tissue culture infectious doses of adenovirus type 5 per 0.1 ml of virus suspension. No reductions in titers were observed with parallel suspensions of the virus subjected to normal inhaled and exhaled air. PMID- 31841 TI - British Paediatric Association. Proceedings of Fiftieth Anniversary Meeting held at York from 11--15 April 1978. PMID- 31842 TI - Scottish Paediatric Society. The Summer Meeting held at Ninewells Hospital Dundee on Friday 2 June 1978. Scientific communications. PMID- 31843 TI - [Hyperglycemic effect and glycogenolytic action of catecholamines]. PMID- 31844 TI - Blockade by intracerebroventricular phentolamine of the respiratory and cardiovascular effects of bromocriptine. PMID- 31845 TI - [Problem in the management of arterial hypertension resistent to drug treatment. Study of 28 cases]. AB - The antihypertensive effect of the following therapeutic regimens: diuretic alone (DA), diuretic plus sympathetic inhibitor (DSI), diuretic plus betablocker (DB) and diuretic plus, betablocker plus vasodilator (DBV) was studied for 34.1 +/- 5.4 months in 28 patients with resistant essential hypertension (REH). Depending of treatment tolerability and the optimal antihypertensive action of drugs 21, 24, 26 and 10 cases were treated continuously or alternately with DA (9.9), DSI (15.0), DB (4.8), and DBV (14.6), respectively (in paragraph average duration of treatment in months). On admission the 89.3% and 42.8% of population had electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy or past-history of cardio-vascular complications, respectively. Arithmethic average and standard deviation of individual changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure obtained during DA, DSI, DB and DBV treatment were -32.4 +/- 31.8, -19.3 +/- 27.2, -18.9 +/- 15.9 and -18.2 +/- 21.3 for systolic and -35.8 +/- 20.2, -12.3 +/- 17.2, 15.1 +/- 16.9 and -15 +/- 13.1 (mm. de Hg.) for diastolic blood pressure respectively. Average blood pressure before treatment was 222.4 +/- 30.3/128.0 +/ 20.8 (mm of Hg) and under the most effective treatment was 175.5 +/- 21.8/106.5 +/- 12.1 with a p less than or equal to 0.001 for either sistolic and diastolic pressure. There were not significant regressive electrocardiographic changes during the therapeutic period, neither significant changes in urea and creatinine blood values. 46.4% and 25% of cases exhibited collateral drug symptoms and cardio-vascular no fatal complications, respectively. Three of the last group patients died outside of the Hospital (2 sudden deaths and 1 renal insufficiency death). RH still constitutes a challenge to medical therapy. Nevertheless individualized therapy may modify the natural history of this hypertensive variety. PMID- 31846 TI - Oxygen metabolism by the anaerobic bacterium veillonella alcalescens. PMID- 31847 TI - Behavior therapy, supportive psychotherapy, imipramine, and phobias. AB - In a controlled outcome study of phobias, 111 adult patients (69% women, 31% men) received a course of 26 weekly treatment sessions consisting of (1) behavior therapy and imipramine hydrochloride (2) behavior therapy and placebo, or (3) supportive psychotherapy and imipramine. Patients were classified as agoraphobic, mixed phobic, or simple phobic. The great majority of patients in all groups showed moderate to marked global improvement (70% to 86%, depending on rater). In agoraphobics and mixed phobics (both groups experiencing spontaneous panic attacks), imipramine was significantly superior to placebo. There was no difference between behavior therapy and supportive therapy, both resulting in high improvement rates (76% to 100%, depending on rater). In simple phobic patients, there was a high rate of improvement with all treatment regimens (72% to 93%, depending on rater), with no significant difference between imipramine and placebo or between behavior therapy and supportive therapy. Of 88 moderately to markedly improved patients followed up for one year after completing treatment, 83% maintained their gains and 17% relapsed. No patients showed symptom substitution. Eighteen percent of the patients receiving imipramine hydrochloride showed marked stimulant side effects on from 5 to 75 mg/day. PMID- 31848 TI - Minor tranquilizers: clinical correlates of use in an urban population. AB - Rapid growth in the production and prescription of minor tranquilizers has stimulated increasing concern that we live in an "overmedicated" society. Data regarding drug use from a health survey in Oakland, Calif, show that (1) 20% took a minor tranquilizer or sedative during the previous year, 10% daily for a week or more; (2) use was related directly to the amount of distress and dysfunction, to psychologic more than to other types of disturbance, but not to situational stress alone; and (3) taking tranquilizers was only one aspect of a complex pattern of coping behaviors including the almost universal use of some medication, most often a "nonpsychotropic" type. PMID- 31849 TI - [Principles and 1977 concept of cancer multistep therapy. Physiological fundamentals of the new timing. Selectotherm local hyperthermy (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on the further development of the Cancer Multistep Therapy (CMT) Concept. With a clinically applied blood glucose concentration of 5 . 10( 3) g ml-1 the pH value in tumour tissue reduces to about 6.0 which, in turn, causes an increase in thermal sensitivity of cancer cells by approximately 2 degrees C. At the same time, their proliferation ceases almost completely. In addition, the pH value at the venous end of capillaries in tumour tissue increases to about 6.5 so that the flexibility of the erythrocytes gets lost in a selective mode. From this it follows that, under CMT conditions, there will be a total decrease of microcirculation in tumour tissues. All the aforementioned facts have been considered by a new timing: applying cancerostatic drugs and/or ionizing radiation prior to the said drop of microcirculations and of cancer cell proliferation rate. The begin of the hyperthermy step is then planned to take place immediately after the decrease of microcirculation in tumour tissue since the action of the discussed local hyperthermy then becomes very strong (pronounced selective reduction of convection cooling by the blood stream; further enhanced thermal sensitivity of cancer cells). Local hyperthermy then is performed by superposing the Selectotherm Process on 40 degrees C whole-body hyperthermy which allows high power densities also with deep-seated tumour tissues. Finally calculated temperature profiles in tumour tissue of various diameters are discussed together with the practice-considered parameters used in the respective equations. PMID- 31850 TI - Periventricular leukomalacia complex. AB - At autopsy in the past three years, a new complex of CNS lesions has appeared in 54% (50/93) of the brains of premature infant cadavers that have come from our neonatal intensive care unit. This complex consists of necrotizing lesions in the periventricular white matter and in the gray nuclei of the cerebral hemispheres, the hippocampus and subiculum, cerebellar folia and white matter, and basis pontis. This entity is called the periventricular leukomalacia complex, since the distribution of lesions is similar, yet much more severe, than that described by Banker and Larroche in 1962. Clinical studies have indicated that these lesions may be related to long periods of time at high blood oxygen or prolonged periods in which PO2 and pH fluctuated widely. PMID- 31851 TI - Cimetidine in the management of metabolic alkalosis induced by nasogastric drainage. AB - Metabolic alkalosis resulting from nasogastric drainage is a well recognized and potentially serious clinical problem. In the postoperative patient with acute renal failure, the management of the metabolic alkalosis is particularly difficult, and established modalities of therapy are sometimes ineffective and can be hazardous to the patient. In this article, we report on the successful use of cimetidine (an H2-receptor antagonist) as an adjunct in the treatment of severe metabolic alkalosis in a postsurgical renal failure patient. To our knowledge, this is the first reported successful use of cimetidine in the treatment of metabolic alkalosis due to gastric acid loss. PMID- 31852 TI - [Histochemistry in pathology (based on data of the 5th International Congress on Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, Bucharest, 1976)]. PMID- 31853 TI - Properties of UDPG pyrophosphorylase from rat salivary glands and liver. PMID- 31854 TI - Effects of calcium glycerophosphate and sodium fluoride on the induction in vivo of caries-like changes in human dental enamel. PMID- 31855 TI - [Local measurements of pO2 and pH2 in the basal winding of the cat's cochlea after acute upper cervical sympathectomy using micro coaxial needle electrodes]. PMID- 31856 TI - The effects of agents modifying sympathetic nerve function on the response of the isolated rat tail artery to etilefrine and tyramine. AB - The effects of etilefrine on the ventral caudal artery of the rat have been examined in the presence of agents modifying sympathetic nerve function. Catecholamine levels were also measured in adjacent segments of artery to those studied pharmacologically and an attempt made to relate vascular response to etilefrine (and tyramine) with catecholamine content. Both guanethidine and reserpine produced significant attenuation of the vascular effects of etilefrine and tyramine. Pre-treatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor caused an increase in tissue catecholamine levels but, paradoxically, depressed the vascular response to etilefrine. The significance of some of the findings in terms of an indirect component to etilefrine's action are discussed. PMID- 31857 TI - Proceedings. ARA/SEAPAL Rheumatology Symposium. PMID- 31858 TI - Drugs and peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 31859 TI - Takayasu's arteritis in Thailand. PMID- 31860 TI - Anorexia nervosa, sexual behaviour modification as an adjunct to an integrated treatment programme: a case report. PMID- 31861 TI - Behavior Genetics Association abstracts. Eighth annual meeting of the Behavior Genetics Association on June 21-24, 1978. PMID- 31862 TI - The effect of beta adrenergic blockade on pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy and polycythaemia, induced in rats by intermittent high altitude hypoxia. AB - Adult male rats were used to study the effect of a beta blocking agent on pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy induced by intermittent high altitude (IHA) hypoxia (8 hr daily, 5 days a week, stepwise up to the simulated altitude of 7000 m). Trimepranol was injected subcutaneously in a single dose of 10 mg/kg/b.w. one hour before each IHA exposure. Administration of the beta blocking drug caused significant changes of haematocrit values even in animals kept under normoxic conditions. The initial deep decrease was followed by a slow return to control values; prolongation of treatment led to a further significant decrease of the haematocrit curve. The polycythaemic response of IHA exposed and Trimepranol-treated animals was, therefore, significantly less pronounced as compared with the hypoxic non-treated group. Administration of Trimepranol to IHA-exposed rats significantly decreased the values of right ventricular systolic and mean pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy as well as the degree of muscularization of pulmonary arteries. It may be assumed that the protective effect of Trimepranol is due to a) changes in pulmonary vascularization, b) reduction of polycythaemia, and c) lower cardiac output, induced by the negative inotropic and chronotropic effect of this drug. PMID- 31863 TI - Effect of the mouse mutants testicular feminization and sex reversal on hormone mediated induction and repression of enzymes. AB - The mouse mutants testicular feminization and sex reversal have been used to investigate hormone-mediated induction and repression of enzymes. Tfm/Y animals were already known to be androgen insensitive, rendering the androgen-inducible enzymes ADH and beta-glucuronidase noninducible because of an inherited deficiency of a cytosol androgen-receptor complex. The animals display female secondary sexual characteristics. Sxr/+,XX animals display male primary and secondary sexual characteristics with small testes. We demonstrate (1) that the Tfm mutation is pleiotropic, preventing repression of an androgen-repressible enzyme (ornithine aminotransferase) as well as induction of androgen-inducible enzymes, (2) that an estrogen-inducible enzyme (histidine decarboxylase) is not affected by the Tfm mutation, and (3) that Sxr/+,XX animals produce enough androgen for malelike activities of androgen-sensitive enzymes. It was also discovered that histidine decarboxylase repressed by androgen in normal animals, rather than being unaffected by it in Tfm/Y animals, is in fact induced. This unexpected phenomenon is discussed and an explanation is suggested for it. PMID- 31864 TI - Regulation of monkey liver serine hydroxymethyltransferase by nicotinamide nucleotide. AB - The positive homotropic binding of tetrahydrofolate to monkey liver serine hydroxymethyltransferase was abolished on preincubating the enzyme with NADH and NADPH. NAD+ was a negative heterotropic effector, whereas NADP+ was without effect. The allosteric effects of nicotinamide nucleotides on the serine hydroxymethyltransferase, reported for the first time, lead to a better understanding of the regulation of the metabolic interconversion of folate coenzymes. PMID- 31865 TI - Reconstitution of chlorophyllide formation by isolated etioplast membranes. AB - 1. The reconstitution of chlorophyllide biosynthesis by barley etioplast membranes is described. 2. The process is dependent on the additon of NADPH and protochlorophyllide and on illumination, which can be either continuous or intermittent. 3. The reconstituted process involves spectroscopically similar intermediates to the native reaction in whole leaves. 4. Steps in the process are an initial enzymic formation in the dark of a photoactive complex, P638/652 (probably a ternary protochlorophyllide-NADPH-enzyme complex), followed by a very rapid light-dependent hydrogen transfer from the NADPH to the protochlorophyllide giving chlorophyllide giving chlorophyllide, finally releasing the enzyme for repeating the process. 5. A continuous assay for the system regenerating complex P638/652 was devised on the basis of monitoring chlorophyllide formation. 6. The pH optimum of the reaction is at 6.9 and Km values for protochlorophyllide and NADPH are 0.46 and 35 micron respectively. 7. The reaction is associated specifically with the etioplast membrane fraction. 8. Activities of the system assayed in vitro are more than adequate to account for rates of chlorophyll formation in vivo. PMID- 31867 TI - Cerebral oxidized and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in mice during exposure to high oxygen pressure. AB - NADP+, NADPH and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were determined in the cerebral cortex of mice exposed to high O2 pressure for 0, 8 and 16 min. These time intervals corresponded to 0, 50 and 100% of the CT50 (the time taken for 50% of the mice to convulse). Cerebral NADP+, NADPH and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase also were determined in O2-exposed mice exhibiting hyperactivity, convulsions, and in mice killed 10s after convulsions. Similar increases in cortical NADP+ and decreases in NADPH were found in mice exposed to 610kPa (6 atm.) of 100% O2 for 0, 50 and 100% of the CT50, during hyperactivity, onset of seizure and 10s after convulsions. The NADP+/NADPH ratio increased approx. 25% at 0% of the CT50, and remained at this increased value at all O2-exposure periods including the hyperactive state, onset of seizure and 10s after convulsions. Identical changes in cerebral NADP+ , NADPH and the NADP+/NADPH ratio were found in mice exposed for 16min to 100% O2 at 100, 350 or 610kPa. No change in cerebral glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was found in mice exposed to 610kPa of 100% O2 during the various stages of O2 toxicity. Only in the 10s post-convulsive group was a statistically significant decrease in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase observed. Disulfiram [bis(diethylthiocarbamoyl) disulphide], an effective O2 protective agent, did not prevent the O2-induced increase in cerebral NADP+ and the NADP+/NADPH ratio, or decrease in NADPH. PMID- 31866 TI - Effects of glucagon and insulin on fatty acid synthesis and glycogen degradation in the perfused liver of normal and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. AB - 1. Rapid effects of hormones on glycogen metabolism and fatty acid synthesis in the perfused liver of the mouse were studied. 2. In perfusions lasting 2h, of livers from normal mice, glucagon in successive doses, each producing concentrations of 10(-10) or 10(-9)M, inhibited fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. In perfusions lasting 40--50 min, in which medium was not recycled, inhibition of fatty acid synthesis was only observed with glucagon at concentrations greater than 10(-9)M. This concentration was about two orders of magnitude higher than that required for the stimulation of glycogen breakdown. Glucagon did not inhibit the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, assayed 10 or 20 min after addition of glucagon (10(-9) or 10(-10)M). It is proposed that the action of glucagon on hepatic fatty acid biosynthesis could be secondary in time to depletion of glycogen. Insulin prevented the effect of glucagon (10(-10)M) on glycogenolysis, but not that of vasopressin. 3. Livers of genetically obese (ob/ob) mice did not show significant inhibition of lipid biosynthesis in response to glucagon, although there was normal acceleration of glycogen breakdown. This resistance to glucagon action was not reversed by food deprivation. Livers of obese mice exhibited resistance to the counteraction by insulin of glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis, which was reversible by partial food deprivation. PMID- 31868 TI - Catalase model systems. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide catalysed by mesoferrihaem, deuteroferrihaem, coproferrihaem and haematoferrihaem. AB - The catalytic decomposition of H2O2 by deuteroferrihaem, mesoferrihaem, coproferrihaem and haematoferrihaem was studied as a model for the mechanism of action of catalase. For haematoferrihaem, anomalous but reproducible results were obtained, which could not be adequately explained. For each of the other ferrihaems studied, both monomeric and dimeric species catalysed decomposition, although the activity of monomer (aM) was much greater than that of dimer (aD). The pH variation of aD in the range 6.5--11 was consistent with an inverse dependence on [H+]1/2. The molecular mechanism whereby such a dependence could be achieved is not apparent. A study of the pH-dependence of aM in the range 6.5--11 revealed a linear inverse relationship with [H+]. This is interpreted in terms of attack by HO2- on ferrihaem monomer. The specific pH-independent rate constants for this reaction were in the order coproferrihaem greater than protoferrihaem greater than or equal to mesoferrihaem congruent to deuteroferrihaem. The order of magnitude of these rate constants is the same as that for catalysis by Fe(H2O)63+ and the second-order rate constant for decomposition of H2O2 by catalase. The implications on the mechanism of action of catalase are discussed. PMID- 31869 TI - The role of peroxide in haem degradation. A study of the oxidation of ferrihaems by hydrogen peroxide. AB - The oxidation of ferrihaems by H2O2 was studied as a model for haem catabolism. Rates of ferrihaem oxidation were evaluated by using a new computer-based method that measures the loss in catalytic activity of the ferrihaem during oxidation. For protoferrihaem, deuteroferrihaem, coproferrihaem and mesoferrihaem, oxidation proceeded via the monomeric species and no dimer contribution was detectable. The pH-dependence of oxidation was studied in the range 6.5--11. Within experimental error, the data were compatible with an inverse linear dependence on [H+]. This was interpreted in terms of attack by HO2- on monomeric ferrihaem. The specific second-order rate constants for oxidation of monomeric species by HO2- were of the same order of magnitude for all the ferrihaems, and were in the sequence coproferrihaem greater than protoferrihaem greater than mesoferrihaem congruent to deuteroferrihaem. A model is suggested involving formation of a ferrihaem monomerperoxide complex, which may either dissociate with the formation of a peroxidatic intermediate or be involved in an intramolecular oxidation of the ferrihaem. Haem catabolism may occur via the same or a similar intermediate. PMID- 31870 TI - Properties of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in relation to the direction and regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate metabolism in muscles of the frog and marine invertebrates. AB - 1. The properties of pyruvate kinase and, if present, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from the muscles of the sea anemone, scallop, oyster, crab, lobster and frog were investigated. 2. In general, the properties of pyruvate kinase from all muscles were similar, except for those of the enzyme from the oyster (adductor muscle); the pH optima were between 7.1 and 7.4, whereas that for oyster was 8.2; fructose bisphosphate lowered the optimum pH of the oyster enzyme from 8.2 to 7.1, but it had no effect on the enzymes from other muscles. Hill coefficients for the effect of the concentration of phosphoenolpyruvate were close to unity in the absence of added alanine for the enzymes from all muscles except oyster adductor muscle; it was 1.5 for this enzyme. Alanine inhibited the enzyme from all muscles except the frog; this inhibition was relieved by fructose bisphosphate. Low concentrations of alanine were very effective with the enzyme from the oyster (50% inhibition was observed at 0.4mm). Fructose bisphosphate activated the enzyme from all muscles, but extremely low concentrations were effective with the oyster enzyme (0.13mum produced 50% activation). 3. In general, the properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from the sea anemone and oyster muscles are similar: the K(m) values for phosphoenolpyruvate are low (0.10 and 0.13mm); the enzymes require Mn(2+) in addition to Mg(2+) for activity; and ITP inhibits the enzymes and the inhibition is relieved by alanine. These latter compounds had no effect on enzymes from other muscles. 4. It is suggested that changes in concentrations of fructose bisphosphate, alanine and ITP produce a coordinated mechanism of control of the activities of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in the sea anemone and oyster muscles, which ensures that phosphoenolpyruvate is converted into oxaloacetate and then into succinate in these muscles under anaerobic conditions. 5. It is suggested that in the muscles of the crab, lobster and frog, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase catalyses the conversion of oxaloacetate into phosphoenolpyruvate. This may be part of a pathway for the oxidation of some amino acids in these muscles. PMID- 31872 TI - The mitochondrial localization of coproporphyrinogen III oxidase. AB - The location of coproporphyrinogen III oxidase in mitochondria was studied in rat liver by using the digitonin method or hypo-osmotic media for fractionation. The enzyme was found in the intermembrane space with a fraction loosely bound to the inner membrane. This fraction was released by washing the inner-membrane-matrix complex with alkaline solutions or solutions of high ionic strength. The enzyme in both fractions had the same Km (0.16 micrometer) for coproporphyrinogen III. When incubation was performed in a medium that avoided destruction of enzyme membrane binding, a dramatic increase in activity was observed after sonication of whole mitochondria or of the inner-membrane-matrix complex. PMID- 31871 TI - Regulation of synthesis of guanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate in neuroblastoma cells. AB - The increase in intracellular cyclic GMP concentrations in response to muscarinic receptor activation in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells is dependent on extracellular Ca2+ ion. The calcium ionophore A23187 can also evoke an increase in cyclic GMP in the presence of Ca2+ ion. Most (about 85%) of the guanylate cyclase activity of broken-cell preparations is found in the soluble fraction. The soluble enzyme can utilize MnGTP (Km = 55 micrometer), MgGTP (Km = 310 micrometer) and CaGTP (Km greater than 500 micrometer) as substrates. Free GTP is a strong competitive inhibitor (Ki approximately 20 micrometer). The enzyme possesses an allosteric binding site for free metal ions (Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+). The membrane-bound guanylate cyclase is qualitatively similar to the soluble form, but has lower affinity for the metal-GTP substrates. Entry of Ca2+ into cells may increase cyclic GMP concentration by activating guanylate cyclase through an indirect mechanism. PMID- 31873 TI - Bacteriolytic enzymes of Vi phage III lysate. PMID- 31874 TI - The extraction of guanosine 5'-diphosphate, 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) from Escherichia coli using low pH reagents: a reevaluation. PMID- 31875 TI - The oxygen affinity of hemoglobin betaSH chains is concentration dependent. PMID- 31876 TI - Synthesis of quinolinate from D-aspartate in the mammalian liver-Escherichia coli quinolinate synthetase system. PMID- 31877 TI - Effect of glucagon administration on mice liver fructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase. PMID- 31878 TI - Inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase by thioacetamide and thioacetamide-S-oxide. PMID- 31879 TI - Studies on the reaction catalyzed by transport (Na, K) adenosine triphosphatase II. In vitro and in vivo effects of phenoxybenzamine. PMID- 31880 TI - Uptake and retention of adriamycin and daunorubicin by sensitive and anthracycline-resistant sublines of P388 leukemia. PMID- 31881 TI - Dual effect of 2,4-dinitrophenol on the spontaneous release of transmitter at the frog neuromuscular junction. PMID- 31882 TI - Nitrite formation from 2-nitropropane by microsomal monooxygenases. PMID- 31883 TI - Effect of clorgyline on trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid incorporation into mitochondrial membranes. PMID- 31884 TI - Differences between the hydroperoxide-dependent and NADPH-dependent microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities. PMID- 31885 TI - Evaluation of a new beta-adrenoceptor agonist, procaterol, based on metabolic responses in rats. PMID- 31886 TI - Inhibition of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived histaminase activity by H 2 antagonists. PMID- 31887 TI - Tetrahydroisoquinolines derived from catecholamines or DOPA: effects on brain tyrosine hydroxylase activity. PMID- 31888 TI - Heterogeneity of anthracycline antibiotic carbonyl reductases in mammalian livers. PMID- 31889 TI - The polyamines in the central nervous system. PMID- 31890 TI - Metabolic activation of 2,4-diaminoanisole, a hair-dye component--II. Role of cytochrome P-450 metabolism in irreversible binding in vitro. PMID- 31891 TI - Nature of the inhibition by noradrenaline of induction by cortisol of hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase. PMID- 31892 TI - Hepatic microsomal metabolism of epinephrine and adrenochrome by superoxide dependent and -independent pathways. PMID- 31893 TI - Cumene hydroperoxide-supported microsomal hydroxylations of warfarin--a probe of cytochrome P-450 multiplicity and specificity. PMID- 31894 TI - Effects of some benzodiazepine derivatives on fibrinolysis and serum lipids in normolipidaemic rats and in humans. PMID- 31895 TI - IgA-related defective neutrophil chemotaxis in ulcerative colitis. AB - A case of ulcerative colitis with defective neutrophil chemotaxis, improved after short sulfasalazine therapy, is reported. This is the first case of this disease in which the chemotactic defect was characterized as a serum inhibitor, directed toward autologous and homologous neutrophils and associated with circulating IgA. Preincubation of normal neutrophils with increasing concentrations of patient's serum resulted in a dose-related inhibition, suggesting a stoichiometric relationship between humoral inhibitory power and neutrophils. PMID- 31896 TI - Lithium and neuroleptic drug combination: lack of an effect on blood glucose. PMID- 31897 TI - Ventilatory patterns in surgical patients premedicated with lorazepam or diazepam [proceedings]. PMID- 31898 TI - Zymogen activation in serine proteinases. Proton magnetic resonance pH titration studies of the two histidines of bovine chymotrypsinogen A and chymotrypsin Aalpha. AB - Reversible unfolding of bovine chymotrypsinogen A in 2H2O either by heating at low pH or by exposure to 6 M guanidinium chloride results in the exchange of virtually all the nitrogen-bound hydrogens that give rise to low-field 1H NMR peaks, without significant exchange of the histidyl ring Cepsilon1 hydrogens. These preexchange procedures have enabled the resolution of two peaks, using 250 MHz correlation 1H NMR spectroscopy, that are attributed to the two histidyl residues of chymotrypsinogen A. Assignments of the Cepsilon1 hydrogen peaks to histidine-40 and -57 were based on comparison of the NMR titration curves of the native zymogen with those of the diisopropylphosphoryl derivative. Two histidyl Cepsilon1 H peaks were also resolved with solutions of preexchanged chymotrypsin Aalpha. The histidyl peaks of chymotrypsin Aalpha were assigned by comparison of NMR titration curves of the free enzyme with those of its complex with bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz). The NMR titration curves of histidine-57 in the zymogen and enzyme and histidine-40 in the zymogen exhibit two inflections; the additional inflections were assigned to interactions with neighboring carboxyl groups: aspartate-102 in the case of histidine-57 and aspartate-194 in the case of histidine-40 of the zymogen. In bovine chymotrypsinogen A in 2H2O at 31 degrees C, histidine-57 has a pK' of 7.3 and aspartate-102 a pK' of 1.4, and the histidine-40-aspartate-194 system exhibits inflections at pH 4.6 and 2.3. In bovine chymotrypsin Aalpha under the same conditions, the histidine-57-aspartate-102 system has pK' values of 6.1 and 2.8, and histidine-40 has a pK' of 7.2. The results suggest that the pK' of histidine 57 is higher than the pK' of aspartate-102 in both zymogen and enzyme. A significant difference exists in the structure and properties of the catalytic center between the zymogen and activated enzyme. In addition to the difference in pK' values, the chemical shift of histidine-57, which is highly abnormal in the zymogen (deshielded by 0.6 ppm), becomes normalized upon activation. These changes may explain part of the increase in the catalytic activity upon activation. The 1H NMR chemical shift of the Cepsilon1 H of histidine-57 in the chymotrypsin Aalpha-pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) complex is constant between pH 3 and 9 at a value similar to that of histidine-57 in the porcine trypsin-pancreatic trypsin inhibitor complex [Markley, J.L., and Porubcan, M. A. (1976), J. Mol. Biol. 102, 487--509], suggesting that the mechanisms of interaction are similar in the two complexes. PMID- 31899 TI - Active site in zymogens. Proton magnetic resonance pH titration curves of histidine-57 in porcine and bovine trypsinogens and in their complexes with bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz). PMID- 31900 TI - Chemical modification of mitochondrial transhydrogenase: evidence for two classes of sulfhydryl groups. AB - Chemical-modification studies on submitochondrial particle pyridine dinucleotide transhydrogenase (EC 1.6.1.1) demonstrate the presence of one class of sulfhydryl group in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) site and another peripheral to the active site. Reaction of the peripheral sulfhydryl group with N ethylmaleimide, or both classes with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid), completely inactivated transhydrogenase. NADP+ or NADPH nearly completely protected against 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) inactivation and modification of both classes of sulfhydryl groups, while NADP+ only partially protected against and NADPH substantially stimulated N-ethylmaleimide inactivation. Methyl methanethiolsulfonate treatment resulted in methanethiolation at both classes of sulfhydryl groups, and either NADP+ or NADPH protected only the NADP site group. S-Methanethio and S-cyano transhydrogenases were active derivatives with pH optima shifted about 1 unit lower than that of the native enzyme. These experiments indicate that neither class of sulfhydryl group is essential for transhydrogenation. Lack of involvement of either sulfhydryl group in energy coupling to transhydrogenation is suggested by the observations that S-methanethio transhydrogenase is functional in (a) energy linked transhydrogenation promoted by phenazine methosulfate mediated ascorbate oxidation and (b) the generation of a membrane potential during the reduction of NAD+ by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). PMID- 31901 TI - Kinetic analysis of light-induced pH changes in bacteriorhodopsin-containing particles from Halobacterium halobium. PMID- 31902 TI - DNA bifunctional intercalators. I. Synthesis and conformational properties of an ethidium homodimer and of an acridine ethidium heterodimer. AB - An ethidium homodimer and an acridine ethidium heterodimer have been synthesized. The ethidium and the acridine chromophore were introduced in such bifunctional intercalators in order to allow the fluorometric study of the interaction of such molecules with DNA, which is reported in the companion paper (Gaugain, B., Barbet, J., Capelle, N., Roques, B.P., & Le Pecq, J.B.(1978) Biochemistry 17 (following paper in this issue)). In the preparation of the acridine-ethidium dimer, we report the use of acetyl groups as new protecting agents in the phenanthridine series. Conformational studies of these molecules by visible absorption and NMR spectroscopy indicate that these dimers exist in equilibrium between folded and unfolded conformations and that this equilibrium is pH and temperature dependent. Models for the geometry of the folded forms are proposed. PMID- 31903 TI - Subunit dissociation in the allosteric regulation of Glycerol kinase from Escherichia coli. 3. Role in desensitization. AB - The mechanism of desensitization of glycerol kinase to allosteric inhibition by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate caused by salt, urea, and high pH has been examined in the light of the model proposed in an earlier paper [de Riel, J. K., and Paulus H. (1978), Biochemistry 17] relating subunit dissociation and ligand binding. KCl (0.4 M) causes a tenfold decrease in the affinity of tetrameric glycerol kinase for fructose, 1,6-bisphosphate but has no significant effect on the dissociation process itself. Urea (2 M) causes a large increase in the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of the glycerol kinase tetramer to dimer but has no effect on the affinity of the tetramer for the allosteric inhibitor. High pH (9--10) has only a small effect on the subunit dissociation constant but greatly reduces the rates of subunit association and dissociation. Desensitization of glycerol kinase to allosteric inhibition can thus occur by three different mechanisms, two of which are directly related to the polysteric nature of the enzyme. PMID- 31904 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of histidine ionizations in myoglobins of various species. Specific assignment of individual resonances. PMID- 31905 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance study of histidine ionizations in myoglobins of various species. Comparison of observed and computed pK values. PMID- 31906 TI - Synthesis of peptide bonds by proteinases. Addition of organic cosolvents shifts peptide bond equilibria toward synthesis. PMID- 31907 TI - Acyl carrier protein from Escherichia coli: characterization by proton and fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance and evidence for restricted mobility of the fatty acid chain in tetradecanoyl-acyl-carrier protein. AB - The acyl-carrier protein (ACP) of Escherichia coli is a protein of molecular weight 8847 with a 4'-phosphopanthetheine prosthetic group. ACP functions (via the SH of the prosthetic group) as a coenzyme in the synthesis of fatty acids and complex lipids. We report proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of the structure of ACP under various experimental conditions. The motion of the fatty acyl chain of acyl-ACP has been investigated by 19FNMR studies of difluorotetradecanoyl-ACP. 31PNMR studies of the prosthetic group phosphorus of ACP and acyl-ACP are also reported. We make the following conclusions: (1) the structure of ACP is stabilized by surface charge, and (2) the fatty acid residue of acyl-ACP does not move freely and seems immobilized by an interaction with the protein moiety. PMID- 31908 TI - Sequence of reactions which follows enzymatic oxidation of propargylglycine. AB - The nonenzymatic reactions which follow enzymatic oxidation of the gamma-delta acetylenic amino acid propargylglycine (2-amino-4-pentynoate) have been studied. The product which accumulates in solution has been identified as 2-amino-4 hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate gamma-lactone, formed by intramolecular attack of the carboxylate anion on the electrophilic fourth carbon of 2-iminium-3,4 pentadienoate. This previously unknown substance was characterized by its reactions in acid and base and by its nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. The lactone is preceded in the pathway by 2-amino-2-penten-4-ynoate, a transient electron-rich species which binds tightly to D-amino-acid oxidase and induces a charge-transfer complex with the electron-deficient bound flavin coenzyme. The aminediene lactone is converted by base treatment to 2-amino-4-keto-2-pentenoate, which is also a strong inhibitor of D-amino-acid oxidase and induces a charge transfer complex. PMID- 31909 TI - Sequence of reactions which follows enzymatic oxidation of allylglycine. AB - The pathway following flavoprotein-catalyzed oxidation of allylglycine (2-amino-4 pentenoate) has been studied and found to be dependent on the incubation conditions. In N-2-hydroxyethyl-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (Hepes) buffer, the oxidation product 2-iminium-4-pentenoate predominantly reacts to form 2-amino-2,4 pentadienoate, a strong noncovalent inhibitor of D-amino-acid oxidase. However, in pyrophosphate buffer, the more rapid reaction is hydrolysis to form 2-keto-4 pentenoate, which has been found to be a substrate for L-lactic dehydrogenase. 2 Keto-4-pentenoate is in rapid equilibrium with 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate, which is also a strong noncovalent inhibitor of D-amino-acid oxidase. In both systems, these metastable intermediates react in subsequent slower steps to yield trans-2 keto-3-pentenoate, which accumulates in the incubation. Syntheses of trans-2 amino- and trans-2-keto-3-pentenoate are described. Comparisons between the reactivities of acetylenic and olefinic species have been made based on the differences between this pathway and that following oxidation of propargylglycine [Marcotte, P., and Walsh, C. (1978), Biochemistry 17 (preceding paper in this issue)]. PMID- 31910 TI - Lectin-induced agglutination of phospholipid/glycolipid vesicles. PMID- 31911 TI - Characterization of human platelet glutathione reductase. AB - Glutathione reductase (NAD(P)h:oxidized glutathione oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.2) has been purified 1000-fold from the cytoplasmic fraction of human platelets. Salts, including the heretofore unreported effect of sodium citrate, activate the NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized glutathione. Sodium citrate and monovalent salt activation appears to involve multiple sites having different binding affinities. At sub-saturating sodium phosphate, non-linear double reciprocal plots indicative of substrate activation by oxidized glutathione were observed. Initial velocity double reciprocal plots at sub-saturating and saturating concentrations of phosphate generate a family of converging lines. NADP+ is a partial inhibitor, indicating that the reduction of oxidized glutathione can proceed by more than one pathway. FMN, FAD, and riboflavin inhibit platelet glutathione reductase by influencing only the V while nitrofurantoin inhibition is associated with an increase Koxidized glutathione and a decreased V. PMID- 31912 TI - Characterization of glutathione reductase from porcine erythrocytes. AB - Glutathione reductase (NAD(P)H: oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.4.2) was purified to homogeneity from porcine erythrocytes by use of affinity chromatography on 2',5'-ADP-Sepharose 4-B. Analytical ultracentrifugation experiments were analysed to give the following physical parameters for the enzyme: s20,w = 5.7 S, D20,w = 50 microgram2/s, and Mw = 103 000 (protein concentration, 0.5 mg/ml). The frictional ratio was 1.37 and the Stokes radius was 4.3 nm. The enzyme molecule is a dimer composed of subunits of equal size each containing a FAD molecule. The amino acid compositions and circular dichroism spectra of the porcine and human enzymes indicated extensive structural similarities. The isoelectric point was at pH 6.85 (at 4 degrees C). The absorption spectrum of the oxidized enzyme had maxima at 377 and 462 nm. In vivo the enzyme appears to be partially reduced. At a physiological concentration of reduced glutathione the apparent Michaelis constants for glutathione disulfide and NADPH were higher than in the absence of reduced glutathione. At 0.15 M ionic strength the catalytic activity obtained with NADPH as reductant was optimal at pH 7 and more than 200 times higher than that obtained with NADH. S sulfoglutathione and some mixed disulfides of glutathione were poor substrates with the exception of the mixed disulfide of coenzyme A and reduced glutathione. The purified enzyme displayed low transhydrogenase activity with oxidized pyridine nucleotide analogs and diaphorase activity with 2,6 dichlorophenolindophenol as acceptor substrates; both NADPH and NADH served as donors. PMID- 31913 TI - Proton stoichiometry of the cytochrome c peroxidase mechanism as a function of pH. AB - The proton stoichiometry for the oxidation of cytochrome c peroxidase (ferrocytochrome c: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.5) to cytochrome c peroxidase Compound I by H2O2, for the reduction of cytochrome c peroxidase Compound I to cytochrome c peroxidase Compound II by ferrocyanide, and for the reduction of cytochrome c peroxidase Compound II to the native enzyme by ferrocyanide has been determined as a function of pH between pH 4 and 8. The basic stoichiometry for the reaction is that no protons are required for the oxidation of the native enzyme to Compound I, while one proton is required for the reduction of Compound I to Compound II, and one proton is required for the reduction of Compound II to the native enzyme. Superimposed upon the basic stoichiometry is a contribution due to the perturbation of two ionizable groups in the enzyme by the redox reactions. The pKa values for the two groups are 4.9 +/- 0.3 and 5.7 +/- 0.2 in the native enzyme, 4.1 +/- 0.4 and 7.8 +/- 0.2 in Compound I, and 4.3 +/- 0.4 and 6.7 +/- 0.2 in Compound II. PMID- 31914 TI - Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase from bovine liver mitochondria. Molecular properties of multiple forms. AB - Bovine liver mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA:acetyl-CoA C acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.9) has been obtained in three forms designated transferase I, A and B on the basis of their elution positions from chromatography on phosphocellulose. All forms have been shown to have a molecular weight of about 152 000, each being composed of four similar subunits. Amino acid analysis of transferase A and B, the two major forms, revealed a close relationship between both forms with almost identical amino acid composition and arginine as N-terminal residue. The three transferases differ with respect to their redox state and their multiplicity of forms with isoelectric points of 6.9, 7.5 and 8.8, into which the transferases I and A were spontaneously transformed upon isoelectric focusing or rechromatography on phosphocellulose. Transferase B represents a stable enzyme form with an isoelectric point of 8.8. Although the redox state of transferase B can be adjusted to that of transferase A still a difference in charge and in the multiplicity of forms exists, thus indicating different protein states. PMID- 31915 TI - The role of Zn(II) in calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase studied by the influence of chelating agents and chemical modification of histidine residues. AB - Alkaline phosphatase from calf intestine (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1) is reversibly inhibited at pH 8.0 by incubation with chelating agents. Complete reactivation may be achieved by stoichiometric addition of Zn2+. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used to demonstrate the linear correlation between Zn2+ content and degree of reactivation. The reversibly inhibited enzyme contained 1 Zn2+ per subunit whereas 2 Zn2+ were found in both the reactivated and the native enzyme. At more alkaline pH-values, inactivation by chelating agents becomes irreversible; under such conditions the inactivated alkaline phosphatase still contains 1 Zn2+ per subunit. The conformational changes resulting from the loss of Zn2+ and leading to irreversible inactivation were investigated by optical rotatory dispersion, immunological techniques, and ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy. Azocoupling of the alkaline phosphatase with diazonium-1-H-tetrazole and Zn2+ content measurement of azocoupled enzyme probes indicated that 2 histidine residues per subunit are involved in binding of the catalytically important Zn2+. PMID- 31916 TI - Properties of immobilized fig alpha-galactosidase and effect on ceramide-3 content of plasma from patients with Fabry's disease. AB - The possibility of lowering the level of ceramide-3 (galactosyl-alpha(1 leads to 4)-galactosyl-beta(1 leads to 4)-glucosyl-beta(1 leads to 1)-ceramide) in the plasma of patients with Fabry's disease was investigated. An immobilized alpha galactosidase (alpha-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.22) was prepared by coupling purified fig alpha-galactosidase to Sepharose 4B. The pH optimum for the hydrolysis of the artificial substrate p-nitro-phenyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside was shifted by approx. 0.5--1.0 pH unit to higher pH values upon coupling of the enzyme to Sepharose 4B. The immobilized enzyme was more stable than the native enzyme to incubation at 60 degrees C. The immobilized enzyme was able to hydrolyse ceramide-3 either at pH 4.5 or at pH 7.4 in an artificial system in which sodium taurocholate was used to solubilize the substrate. In contrast, when the immobilized enzyme was incubated with normal plasma or plasma from a patient with Fabry's disease, in which elevated levels of ceramide-3 occur, no hydrolysis of the glycosphingo-lipid could be detected. The results suggest that lowering of level of ceramide-3 in plasma from patients with Fabry's disease by enzymic means is not feasible. PMID- 31917 TI - Effects of amino acids, adenine nucleotides and inorganic pyrophosphate on glutamine synthetase from Anabaena cylindrica. AB - Glutamine synthetase (L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.1.2) from Anabaena cylindrica was inhibited by alanine, glycine, serine and aspartate. The effects of alanine and serine were uncompetitive with respect to glutamate, while those of glycine and asparatate were uncompetitive with respect to glutamate, while those of glycine and aspartate were non-competitive and mixed type respectively. Different pairs of amino acids and their various combinations caused a cumulative inhibition of the enzyme activity. Glutamine synthetase was also inhibited by ADP and AMP and both nucleotides affected the enzyme competitively with respect to ATP and non-competitively for glutamate. Inorganic pyrophosphate, between 2 and 3 mM, produced a very pronounced inhibiton of enzyme activity. The inhibition by PPi was uncompetitive for ATP. Various combinations of the adenine nucleotides, PPi and Pi exerted a cumulative inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity, as did the amino acids, in different combinations with either adenine nucleotides, PPi or Pi. The effects of the adenine nucleotides and the amino acids were more pronounced at higher concentrations of ammonia. Except for serine similar responses of these effectors were obtained with increasing concentrations of Mg2+. It is proposed that changes in the free concentrations of Mg2+ are important in energy-dependent regulation of the enzyme activity in this alga. PMID- 31918 TI - A rapid micro scale method for the detection of lysopine and nopaline dehydrogenase activities. AB - A rapid and sensitive method has been developed to determine lysopine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1-) and nopaline dehydrogenase activities in crown gall tumour tissues. By this method, enzyme activities as low as 0.2 micrometerol octopine or nopaline per h per g fresh weight tumour tissue can still be detected. In non-infected young pea seedlings, no lysopine dehydrogenase activity was detected. PMID- 31919 TI - Spectrophotometric titration of phenolic groups of pepsin. AB - The ionization of tyrosine residues in diazotized pepsin under various solvent conditions was studied. All tyrosyl residues of the protein titrated normally with a pK of 10.02 in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride solution. On the other hand, two stages in the phenolic group titration curve were observed for the inactivated protein in the absence of guanidine hydrochloride; only about 10 tyrosine residues ionized reversibly up to pH 11, above which titration was irreversible. The irreversible titration zone corresponds to the pH range 11--13 in which unfolding, leading to the random coil state, was shown to occur by circular dichroism and viscosity measurements. The number of tyrosine residues exposed in the native and alkali-denatured (pH 7.5) states of diazotized protein were also studied by solvent perturbation techniques; 10 and 12 groups are exposed in the native and denatured states, respectively. PMID- 31920 TI - Acid Bohr effects in myoglobin characterized by proton NMR hyperfine shifts and oxygen binding studies. AB - Proton NMR studies of sperm whale and horse deoxymyoglobin have revealed that both proteins exhibit a single, well defined, pH-induced structural change. The changes in hyperfine shifts are clearly observed not only at the heme peripheral substituents, but also at the proximal histidyl imidazole, which suggest that heme-apoprotein contacts are looser in the acidic than alkaline conformations. The hyperfine shift changes are modulated by a single titratable group with a pK of approx. 5.7 in both proteins. Oxygen binding studies of sperm whale myoglobin over a range of temperature and pH showed that, while the oxygen affinity was independent of pH at 25 degrees C, it increased below pH 7 at 0 degrees C and decreased below pH 7 at 37 degrees C. Hence, sperm whale myoglobin exhibits a small acid Bohr effect which most likely arises from the characterized structural changes in the deoxy proteins. While horse myoglobin failed to exhibit a resolvable acid Bohr effect between 0 and 37 degrees C, it did show a weak alkaline Bohr effect at 25 degrees C which disappeared at lower temperatures. Since the oxygen affinity changed smoothly over several pH units, this alkaline Bohr effect can not be associated with any well defined conformational change detected by NMR. PMID- 31921 TI - Laser Raman studies on cobrotoxin. AB - Laser Raman spectra of cobrotoxin under various conditions have been obtained. Comparison of the spectra of native cobrotoxin in lyophilized form and in aqueous solution indicates that the secondary structures of cobrotoxin are not significantly affected by the removal of the aqueous solvent. On going from the native to the partially reduced and the completely reduced, carboxy-methylated forms, characteristic peaks of the C-S-S-C and tyrosine ring in the region of 500 -900 cm-1 showed definite changes in structure. The partially reduced form gave two peaks at 502 and 524 cm-1, suggesting difference in the conformation of the remaining disulfide bonds. As indicated by the present work, the conformation of the main chain of cobrotoxin in the native unperturbed state, in the partially reduced and in the completely reduced forms are the coexistence of beta-pleated sheet with random-coil structure, predominantly random coil, and predominantly random coil with the existence of an alpha-helix type structure, respectively. The effect of pH on the conformation of cobrotoxin in solution appeared to give rise to the change of the local structure of two aromatic residues common to all snake neurotoxins. PMID- 31922 TI - Reaction of horseradish peroxidase with azide and some implications for the heme environmental structure. NMR and kinetic studies. AB - The azide complex of horseradish peroxidase was studied by high resolution 1H and 15N NMR spectroscopy and by the temperature-jump method. The heme peripheral methyl proton peaks and the ligand 15N resonance were resolved to show that binding of azide by horseradish peroxidase occurs only in acidic solution below pH 6.5. It was also found that the chemical exchange rate of azide with the ferric enzyme was much faster on the 1H and 15N NMR time scale. This was further substantiated by kinetics of azide binding by horseradish peroxidase where the chemical exchange rate was confirmed to be in the microseconds range at pH 5.0 and 23 degrees C. This rate is salient in usual ligand exchange reactions in hemoproteins so far reported. pH dependences of the first order association and dissociation rate constants were also studied by the temperature-jump method to suggest a strong linkage of the azide binding with a proton uptake of an amino acid residue on the enzyme. These results were compared with the case of horse metmyoglobin and were interpreted to indicate that a heme-linked ionizable group on the enzyme facilitates the fast entry of the ligand to the coordination site. A histidyl residue is a possible candidate for the ionizable group of the enzyme. PMID- 31923 TI - 13C NMR investigations on Npi-[13C1]carboxymethyl-histidine-119 ribonuclease. AB - The ribonuclease A derivative Npi-[13C1]carboxymethyl-histine-119 ribonuclease prepared by using [13C1]bromoacetate as alkylating reagent has been investigated with high resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy. In the 13C NMR spectra two carbon resonances of relatively high intensity appear which can be assigned to carboxyl groups attached to His-119 and Met-30, their intensity ratio being 10 : 1. The pH dependence of the carbon resonance of the carboxy-methyl group bound to the Npi of His-119 differs in the absence and presence of Cyd-2'-P, thus indicating that the catalytically inactive derivative does bind nucleotides. A mechanism of the alkylation reaction at pH 5.6 is proposed in which the epsilon-amino group of Lys 41 acts as the binding site for the carboxyl group of bromoacetate pushing the bromomethylene group towards the Npi of His-119 or the Ntau of His-12. PMID- 31924 TI - pH titration study of cytochrome c peroxidase and apocytochrome c peroxidase. AB - A pH titration study of cytochrome c peroxidase and apocytochrome c peroxidase was carried out at 25 degrees C and 0.1 M ionic strength. The net charge on cytochrome c peroxidase due to proton association and dissociation varies from +32 at pH 2 to --50.2 at pH 12, while that of apocytochrome c peroxidase varies between +24.5 at pH 3 to --48 at pH 12. The apoprotein tented to aggregate below pH 3. Between pH 4 and 8, the titration behavior of both the native enzyme and the apoenzyme are consistent with the semi-empirical Linderstrom-Lang theory. Between pH 9 and 12, the titration behavior of both the holo- and apoproteins suggest they assume a more extended conformation which reduces the electrostatic interaction charged groups on the surface. In the acid region, between pH 4 and 3, a similar transition occurs in which the protein expands 40% based on the electrostatic factor of the Linderstrom-Lang theory. PMID- 31925 TI - Tryptophan distribution in yeast hexokinase isoenzyme B. PMID- 31926 TI - Isoelectric focusing of ferredoxins, flavordoxins and a rubredoxin. AB - Isoelectric points of ferredoxins, flavodoxins and a rubredoxin from a range of sources were measured by electrofocusing over the pH range between 2.5 and 5.0 on thin layers of polyacrylamide gel. The pH gradient along the gel was measured directly by a surface electrode. The isoelectric points of the plant-type ferredoxins were between approx. 3.15 and 3.35, and those of the flavodoxins close to 3.5. Ferredoxin, rubredoxin and flavodoxin from Clostridium pasteurianum had isolectric points of the of 2.75, 2.9, and 3.1, respectively. The values for the isoelectric points ferredoxins are significantly lower than previous results in the literature suggest. PMID- 31927 TI - Tyrosine aminotransferase converting factor: kinetic properties, cellular localization, and tissue distribution. AB - Utilizing a more rapid procedure for determining tyrosine aminotransferase converting factor activity, the kinetic properties of this factor were characterized further. Tyrosine aminotransferase-converting factor is a heat labile substance present in the particulate fraction of rat liver that converts tyrosine aminotransferase form III to I at 4 degrees C. Analysis of the distribution of marker enzymes for mitochondria and lysosomes, and of converting factor, following differential and discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation indicated that this factor was associated with light lysosomes. The activity of converting factor was not altered following administration of cortisol. Converting factor activity, equivalent to that in liver, was also observed in particulate fractions from kidney and spleen, and to a lesser extent, in pancreas and salivary gland. No detectable activity was observed in brain, heart, small intestine, skeletal muscle, red blood cells, serum, or plasma. The presence of converting factor activity in kidney and spleen suggests that other proteins are substrates for this factor since tyrosine aminotransferase is virtually absent from these tissues. Alternatively, the absence of converting factor from other tissues need not indicate they are devoid of converting factor-like activity merely, that such activity in these tissues has different specificities and does not utilize tyrosine aminotransferase as a substrate. PMID- 31928 TI - Effects of hemolysate concentration, ionic strength and cytochrome b5 concentration on the rate of methemoglobin reduction in hemolysates of human erythrocytes. AB - An assay for determining the rate of methemoglobin reduction in hemolysates of human erythrocytes has been developed. The rates obtained by this assay, when corrected for dilution, are comparable to those obtained with intact cells. Increased ionic strength inhibits the reaction, whereas EDTA increases the rate of reduction. The rate with NADPH as electron donor is 65-70% of the rate with NADH. Added cytochrome b5 stimulates the reaction. The assay has been used to examine erythrocytes from two methemoglobinemic sisters and their asymptomatic mother. Hemolysates of the two patients have both decreased dichlorophenolindophenol reductase activity and decreased ability to reduce methemoglobin. Hemolysates from the heterozygous mother have intermediate dichlorophenolindophenol reductase activity and intermediate methemoglobin reduction ability. The data presented in this paper indicate that the concentrations of cytochrome b5 and cytochrome b5 reductase determine the rate of methemoglobin reduction in hemolysates. PMID- 31929 TI - Collagen-induced platelet aggregation and release. I Effects of side-chain modifications and role of arginyl residues. AB - To investigate the mechanisms governing collagen interaction with blood platelets, the effects of side-chain modifications on collagen-induced platelet aggregation and release of serotonin were studied. Since many chemical modifications alter the ability of collagen to form fibers that, according to current theory, may complicate interpretation of data, we eliminated this possibility by using collagen stabilized in a native-type fibrillar structure by treatment with either glutaraldehyde or ultraviolet irradiation. Acetylation, methylation, succinylation, treatment with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene, 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid or 1,2-cyclohexanedione, and deguanidination with hypobromite were used to modify collagen side-chain reactive groups: amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl and guanidino. Both unmodified monomeric dispersed and fibrillar collagen preparations initiated platelet aggregation and release, although the kinetics and magnitude of the response were different. Monomeric collagen which had been modified by deguanidination, methylation or succinylation, failed to polymerize in physiological conditions and did not induce platelet aggregation and release. However, none of the chemical modifications of stabilized native-type collagen fibers, except treatment with hypobromite or cyclohexanedione, had an effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation and release. Both hypobromite and cyclohexanedione modified guanidino groups of arginyl residues. Results showed that the ability of a collagen sample to induce platelet aggregation and release of serotonin is dependent on the arginine content of fibrillar collagen. These data demonstrate that manipulation of amino, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups is unimportant as long as the native-type fibrillar structure is maintained, and that arginyl residues are directly involved in collagen-platelet interaction. Moreover, the data suggest that only the arginyl residues in the Y position of the tripeptide unit Gly-X-Y of collagen are responsible. PMID- 31930 TI - Collagen-induced platelet aggregation and release. II Critical size and structural requirements of collagen. PMID- 31931 TI - Optical characteristics of carboxyl group in relation to the circular dichroic properties and dissociation constants of glycosaminoglycans. AB - Circular dichroism studies of glycosaminoglycans including chemically transformed heparins at various pH values reveal that carboxyl chromophore plays an important role in the dichroic behavior of the polymers. With decreasing pH, iduronic acid containing glycosaminoglycans show increased negative ellipticity near 220 nm whereas the polymers containing glucuronic acid display enhanced negative dichroism near 230 nm and decreased negative dichroism around 210 nm. The pH dependent optical properties have been utilized to determine the pKa values of uronic acid moieties. The acid strengths of the iduronic acid-containing glycosaminoglycans are inherently smaller than those of corresponding glucuronic acid-containing polymers. Glycosaminoglycans in which the amino sugars are linked with iduronic acid display a very weak n leads to pi* amide transition, or none. The rotational strength at 210 nm of these polymers is largely due to iduronic acid moieties. The CD variations above 200 nm with change in pH do not indicate any major conformational transition of the molecules but the difference between dermatan sulfate and heparin can be attributed to difference either in iduronic acid conformation or in intersaccharide linkages. PMID- 31932 TI - Effect of pH on chloroplast photosynthesis. Inhibition of O2 evolution by inorganic phosphate and magnesium. AB - 1. The pH optimum of CO2-dependent O2 evolution by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) chloroplasts was found to be between 7.8 and 8.2. The addition of 1 mM MgCl2 in the dark inhibited O2 evolution over the entire pH range tested and resulted in a much sharper pH profile centered around pH 8.2. 2. The pH optimum for O2 evolution, in the presence and absence of 1 mM MgCl2, was acid-shifted 0.3--0.4 pH units by 2 mM NH4Cl. The pH optimum of O2 evolution, with and without 1 mM MgCl2, was base-shifted by 2 mM sodium acetate, approx. 0.5 pH units relative to the controls. 3. O2 evolution in the presence of bicarbonate plus 3 phosphoglycerate or ribose-5-phosphate was considerably less sensitive to pH than CO2-dependent O2 evolution in the absence of substrate. With these substrates, both in the presence and absence of 1 mM MgCl2, the pH optimum was broad and was centered around pH 7.8. 4. Inhibition of CO2-dependent O2 evolution by inorganic phosphate and magnesium increased as the pH of the reaction mixture was decreased below the optimum. Decreasing the pH from 8.2 to 7.6, reduced over 3-fold the concentration of inorganic phosphate required to inhibit O2 evolution completely. For magnesium, a similar change in pH reduced the concentration required to inhibit O2 evolution 50% approx. 5-fold. At pH 8.2, magnesium inhibition required inorganic phosphate. Magnesium was not required for inhibition of O2 evolution by inorganic phosphate, but incresaed the relative inhibition observed. 5. Illumination of intact barley chloroplasts increased the activity of NADP glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase, phosphoribulokinase and fructose-1,6 diphosphatase. MgCl2 and inorganic phosphate prevented this increase in enzyme activity at concentrations that completely inhibited CO2-dependent O2 evolution. 6. The results obtained suggest that magnesium inhibition of O2 evolution may be caused by enhanced phosphate exchange across the chloroplast envelope. PMID- 31933 TI - Studies on the succinate dehydrogenating system. I. Kinetics of the succinate dehydrogenase interaction with a semiquindiimine radical of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl p-phenylenediamine. AB - 1. The activities of the soluble reconstitutively active succinate dehydrogenase (EC 1.3.99.1) measured with three artificial electron acceptors, e.g. ferricyanide, phenazine methosulfate and free radical of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p phenylenediamine (WB), have been compared. The values estimated by extrapolation to infinite acceptor concentration using double reciprocal plots 1/v versus 1/[acceptor] are nearly the same for ferricyanide and phenazine methosulfate and about twice as high for the WB. 2. The double reciprocal plots 1/v versus 1/[succinate] in the presence of malonate at various concentrations of WB give a series of straight lines intercepting in the third quadrant. The data support the mechanism of the overall reaction, in which the reduced enzyme is oxidized by WB before dissociation of the enzyme-product complex. 3. The dependence of the rate of the overall reaction on WB concentration shows that only one kinetically significant redox site of the soluble succinate dehydrogenase is involved in the reduction of WB. 4. Studies of the change of V and Km values during aerobic inactivation of the soluble enzyme suggest that only 'the low Km ferricyanide reactive site' (Vinogradov, A.D., Gavrikova, E.V. and Goloveshkina, V.G. (1975) Biochem. Biophys, Res. Commun. 65, 1264--1269) is involved in reoxidation of the reduced enzyme by WB. 5. The pH dependence of V for the succinate-WB reductase reaction shows that the group of the enzyme with the pKa value of 6.7 at 22 degrees C is responsible for the reduction of dehydrogenase in the enzyme substrate complex. 6. When WB interacts with the succinate-ubiquinone region of the respiratory chain, the double reciprocal plot 1/v versus 1/[WB] gives a straight line. The thenoyltrifluoroacetone inhibition of succinate-ubiquinone reductase or extraction of ubiquinone alter the 1/v versus 1/[WB] plots for the curves with a positive initial slope intercepting the ordinate at the same V as in the native particles. The data support the mechanism of succinate-ubiquinone reduction, in which no positive modulation of succinate dehydrogenase by ubiquinone exist in the membrane. PMID- 31934 TI - Conditions limiting the use of ionophore A23187 as a probe of divalent cation involvement in biological reactions. Evidence from the slow fluorescence quenching of type A spinach chloroplasts. AB - The conditions under which ionophore A23187 can be used as a probe of Mg2+ involvement in the reactions of intact (Type A) spinach chloroplasts have been investigated by monitoring ionophore-induced reversal of slow fluorescence quenching. The following observations were made: (1) A23187-dependent reversal of quenching is a strong function of pH. This is consistent with competition between protons and divalent cations for the carboxylic acid moiety of the ionophore. (2) In the presence of exogenous Mg2+, quenching reversal by A23187 is significantly slowed. It is suggested that formation of the dimeric A23187 . Mg2+ complex delays action of the ionophore at the thylakoid membrane by slowing equilibration of the ionophore among chloroplast membrane phases. (3) In the absence of Mg2+, significant interaction of A23187 with certain monovalent cations--Li+ and Na+, but not K+--is observed. Evaluations of the interaction of ionophore A23187 with specific biological systems and inferences of divalent cation involvement, or lack thereof, must take these limitations into account. PMID- 31935 TI - Characterization of two quenchers of chlorophyll fluorescence with different midpoint oxidation-reduction potentials in chloroplasts. AB - The properties of two redox quenchers of chlorophyll fluorescence in chloroplasts at room temperature have been investigated. (1) Redox titration of the fluorescence yield reveals two n = 1 components with Em7.8 at--45 and --247 mV, accounting for approx. 70 and 30% of the total yield, respectively. (2) Neutral red, a redox mediator often used at redox potentials below --300 mV, preferentially quenches the fluorescence controlled by the --247 mV component. Titrations using neutral red artifactually create an n = 2 quenching component with Em7.8 = --375 mV. (3) Analysis of fluorescence induction curves recorded at different redox potentials indicates that both the --45 and --247 mV components can be photochemically reduced. The reduction of the --247 mV component corresponds to a fast phase of the induction curve whilst the slower reduction of the 45 mV component accounts for the tail phase. (4) The excitation spectra for the fluorescence controlled by the two quenchers show small differences in the ratio of chlorophyll a and b. (5) Whereas the --247 mV component readily shows a 60 mV per pH unit dependency on solution pH, the ability of the --45 mV component to respond to pH change is restricted. (6) Triton Photosystem II particles contain both quenchers but the --247 mV component accounts for approx. 70% of the fluorescence and the high component has an Em7.8 of +48 mV. The relative merits of sequential and parallel models in explaining the presence of the two quenchers are considered. PMID- 31936 TI - Purification and properties of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from a methanol-utilizing yeast, Candida boidinii. AB - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6-phosphate: NADP oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.49) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-phospho-D-gluconate: NADP oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.44) were purified approx. 1700 fold and 330 fold, respectively, from Candida boidinii grown on methanol. The final enzyme preparations were homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weights of the enzymes were estimated to be 118 000 and 110 000, respectively. Both enzymes are composed of two probably identical subunits and the molecular weights of the polypeptide chains were calculated to be 61 000 and 58 000, respectively. From a consideration of enzyme activities and types of inhibition by different metabolites the role of these two enzymes in glucose- and methanol-metabolism is discussed. PMID- 31937 TI - Natural plant enzyme inhibitors. VI. Studies on trypsin inhibitors of Colocasia antiquorum tubers. AB - A trypsin inhibitor was purified from the tubers of Colocasia antiquorum. The inhibitor acted on bovine trypsin, human trypsin and weakly on bovine chymotrypsin. The inhibitor, which had a molecular weight of 40 000, contained trace amounts of carbohydrates. The purified inhibitor was stable over a pH range of 2.0--12.0 and was more thermostable than the crude preparations. Trinitrobenzene sulphonate treatment resulted in the inactivation of the inhibitor. Chymotrypsin, pepsin and pronase digested the inhibitor. Pretreatment with trypsin at neutral pH resulted in the partial loss of antitryptic activity, whereas treatment at pH 3.7 led to complete inactivation. Evidence for the formation of a trypsin-inhibitor complex at pH 7.6 is provided. During the plant growth, in the early phase (0--40 days) there was a gradual increase in protein content and in antitryptic activity. The middle phase (40--55 days) was characterized by a rapid fall and abolition of the antitryptic activity and a diminution in protein content in the tubers. The immature tubers had low antitryptic activity compared to the mature ones. Mild heat treatment caused a sharp rise in antitryptic activity in the extracts of immature tubers but not with the mature tuber preparations. PMID- 31938 TI - Particulate guanylate cyclase of skeletal muscle: effects of Ca2+ and other divalent cations on enzyme activity. AB - The properties of particulate guanylate cyclase (GTP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.2) from purified rabbit skeletal muscle membrane fragments were studied. Four membrane fractions were prepared by sucrose gradient centrifugation and the fractions characterized by analysis of marker enzymes. Guanylate cyclase activity was highest in the fraction possessing enzymatic properties typical of sarcolemma, while fractions enriched with sarcoplasmic reticulum had lower activities. In the presence of suboptimal Mn2+ concentrations, Mg2+ stimulated particulate guanylate cyclase activity both before and after solubilization in 1% Triton X-100. Guanylate cyclase activity was biphasic in the presence of Ca2+. Increasing the Ca2+ concentration from 10( 8) to 10(-5) M decreased the specific activity. As the Ca2+ concentration was further increased to 5 . 10(-4) M enzyme activity again increased. After solubilization of the membranes in 1% Triton X-100, Ca2+ suppressed enzyme activity. Studies utilizing ionophore X537A indicated that the altered effect of Ca2+ upon the solubilized membranes was independent of asymmetric distribution of Ca2+ and Mg2+. PMID- 31939 TI - Effect of salts on D-glycerate dehydrogenase kinetic behavior. AB - Bovine liver D-glycerate dehydrogenase (D-glycerate:NAD (NADP) oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.29) adapts its kinetic behaviour to a sequential mechanism. The presence of NaCl causes an appreciable variation in the Km and V values. relative to the both substrates in the hydroxypyruvate/D-glycerate dehydrogenase/NADH system, which does not happen in the D-glycerate/D-glycerate dehydrogenase/NAD system. The former system is inhibited by high concentrations of NaCl and activated by low salt concentrations. The hydroxypyruvate concentration causing substrate inhibition increases as the concentration of NaCl increases; excess NADH inhibition is independent of the salt concentration. The variation of the initial rates of both systems, in the presence of chlorides having monovalent and divalent cations, or sodium halides, Na2SO4 and NaNO3 (at constant ionic strength) suggests that the anions have a specific action on the enzyme. An increase in the NaCl concentration causes a displacement of the optimum D glycerate dehydrogenase pH (with hydroxypyruvate and NADH as substrates) towards the acid area. The enzyme stability, at varying pH, varies with the salt concentration. PMID- 31940 TI - Multiple acid proteinases in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Proteinase activity in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum has been analyzed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels containing denatured hemoglobin. At least eight bands due to acid proteinases have been defined using extracts of myxamoebae, four bands A-D which move faster than the fifth and major band E, a minor band E' which moves just behind E and two slow bands G and H. Fruiting body formation was accompanied by the appearance of one new proteinase band F. The proteinases were present in extracts of both axenically-grown and bacterially-grown cells. Differences between the pH dependence and stability of the individual proteinases were detected. Inhibitor studies suggested that the faster proteinases A-D may be cathepsin B-like, whilst the slower enzymes E, E' and F do not fit readily into any known group of proteinases since they were sensitive to HgCl2 but not to other inhibitors of cathepsin B and not to inhibitors of cathepsin D-like proteinases under standard conditions. None of the proteinases was apparently formed during or after preparation of extracts and the proteinases could be re-run on polyacrylamide gels to give only the band expected from the first run. The bands are believed to reflect multiple proteinase activities within the cell. PMID- 31941 TI - Nuclear phosphoprotein phosphatase from calf liver. AB - Calf liver nuclear phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.16) has been purified approx. 850-fold. The enzyme has a mol. wt. of 34 000 as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme has a pH optimum between 7.0 and 7.5 with phosphophosphorylase, phosphohistones f1 and f2b, and phosphoprotamine as substrates. The enzyme activity towards these substrates follows the order, phosphophosphorylase greater than phosphohistone f1 greater than phosphohistone f2b greater than phosphoprotamine. The Km values toward phosphophospharylase and phosphohistone f1 are 17 and 28 micron phosphate, respectively. Dephosphorylated histone f1 and orthophosphate are competitive inhibitors of the enzyme with respective Ki values of 11 micron and 4.1 mM. NaCl and divalent metal ions inhibit the enzyme but CaCl2 is slightly stimulatory. It appears that metal ion inhibition occurs at two sites, one on the enzyme and the other on the substrate. The enzyme is also inhibited by NaF and EDTA. Nucleotides bearing the pyrophosphate structure are potent inhibitors of the enzyme while mononucleotides are slightly inhibitory. DNA and other polyions also inhibit the enzyme. The enzyme appears to require free sulfhydryl groups for activity since it is inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate; the latter inhibition can be reversed by mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol. PMID- 31942 TI - Alpha-mannosidase in human red cells. AB - 1. A search for lysosomal hydrolases and related enzymes has been made in hemolysates from human and rabbit red cells. Apart from acid phosphatases, significant activities were found only for alpha-mannosidase, neutral alpha glucosidase and beta-hexosaminidase. 2. alpha-Mannosidase (alpha-D-mannoside mannohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.24) activity per cell in human red blood cells was 200 times lower than in white cells. The optimal pH was 5.5--6.0. Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate showed three bands. Hemolysates from four patients with mannosidosis were not deficient in alpha-mannosidase. pH activity curves and elctrophoretic pattern were similar to those of controls. From its biochemical and genetic properties, it is concluded that red cell mannosidase differs from the lysosomal acid mannosidase. PMID- 31943 TI - Characterization of an alpha-like DNA polymerase from Bombyx mori silkglands. AB - A soluble DNA polymerase has been purified near to homogeneity from Bombyx mori silkglands. The following characteristics were observed: high molecular weight (about 150 000 - 220 00); optimum pH about 8; inhibition by high salt concentrations, sulfhydryl-group blocking agents and polyamines; absence of nuclease activity; preference for magnesium as required divalent cation with all the efficient template-primers tested; and clear template-primer specificity, the purified enzyme being able to copy primed - polydeoxyribonucleotide templates [activated DNA, poly(dA).oligo(dT), poly(dA).oligo(rU)] but not polyribonucleotide chains [poly(rA).oligo(dT), poly(rA).oligo(rU)] in the presence of either Mg++ or MN++. Believed to represent the bulk of silkgland DNA polymerase activity, the purified soluble enzyme most resembles vertebrate DNA polymerases alpha when it is compared to other eukaryotic DNA polymerases as yet characterized. PMID- 31944 TI - Subcellular localization of neutral peptidase activity in rat liver. PMID- 31945 TI - Response waveforms of vertebrate photoreceptors: what are the underlying mechanisms? AB - A class of models is investigated using computer simulation in which the inner and outer segments of the vertebrate photoreceptor are coupled through a pump. The outer segment membrane conductance is controlled by an internal transmitter, activated by photolysis of the photosensitive molecules in the cell. Several possibilities for the coupling dynamics are investigated. The analysis favors the conclusion that the hyperpolarizing transient at high intensity stimuli arises from the coupling dynamics, (unless there is an extracellular current shunt path). It predicts, moreover, that the transient should be observed intracellularly, but not extracellularly to the outer segment. This is, in fact, the case. It also predicts that the transient should become more marked, as the steady state ratio of inner to outer segment currents decreases. The computer simulations are concerned with the intracellularly recorded responses; the long term adaptation parallel to pigment bleaching and regeneration is not considered explicitly here. In conclusion, it is shown that the state conditions as well as the response waveforms can be related to physiologically significant variables. PMID- 31946 TI - [Biosynthesis of extracellular proteolytic enzymes in Aspergillus candidus]. PMID- 31947 TI - Characteristics of the contingent negative variation in patients suffering from specific phobias. AB - The essential clinical feature of phobic neurosis is the anticipatory fear of certain objects and situations. Since an important factor in the generation of the contingent negative variation (CNV) is the anticipation of the imperative stimulus, records of CNVs were used as an indicator of electrocortical activity in a group of 14 patients suffering from specific phobias. After clinical evaluation, a CNV to a picture of a nondisturbing object was obtained. The amplitude of the CNV and duration of the PINV (postimperative negative variation) were taken as reference values against which response to the phobic objects were evaluated. Reaction time was automatically measured between the period of S2 and the button press. Significant differences, viz., larger CNV amplitude, longer PINV duration, and shorter reaction time, were found with phobogenic than with nondisturbing stimuli. After behavioral recovery with behavior therapy, no differences were noted in the CNVs obtained with the presentation of non disturbing and the ones that were phobogenic stimuli. The significance of the results for an understanding of phobic neurosis and behavior therapy are discussed. PMID- 31948 TI - Response to lithium carbonate. AB - We examined the clinical and research records of 29 acutely ill hospitalized patients with affective disorder who received only lithium carbonate during their first week of treatment. Nineteen patients (Group I) could be continued on lithium ion alone, while 10 patients (Group 2) needed additional somatic treatment. Compared with Group 1, Group 2 patients were significantly younger at illness onset, more severely ill on admission, clinically more "colorful" in dress and behavior, stayed more than twice as long in the hospital, and (although not statistically significant) had more than twice the morbidity risk for affective disorder in first-degree relatives. At discharge, both groups were equally improved, and 70% of Group 2 patients were receiving lithium alone. We did not confirm previous reports that nonresponders to lithium alone (Group 2) were more overactive or paranoid--destructive or less euphoric--grandiose than responders to lithium alone (Group 1). Our Group 2 patients had a more severe or penetrant form of illness than our Group 1 patients, requiring neuroleptic drugs or ECT in addition to lithium therapy. Eventually, however, they had a satisfactory outcome, suggesting therapeutic optimism and tenacity even in those patients who initially fail lithium alone and require polytreatment. PMID- 31949 TI - Base stacking in the dinucleoside phosphate rapa. AB - The pH-induced unstacking of rRpA has been investigated by batch calorimetry and uv spectroscopy. Equilibrium uv melting curves confirmed that the adenine bases in rApA are stacked at pH7 but unstacked at pH 1.5. The enthalpy change accompanying this pH-induced unstacking is +2.65 kcal (mole of A-A stack)-1 as measured by batch calorimetry. This represents the first direct determination of this important parameter for a dinucleoside phosphate. It is noted that the calorimetrically determined value reported here is considerably lower than published van't Hoff enthalpies but is consistent with values that can be derived from calorimetric data on polymers. PMID- 31950 TI - Cell surface factors, immune deficiencies, twin studies. Part A of Annual Review of Birth Defects, 1977, sponsored by the National Foundation--March of Dimes. PMID- 31951 TI - Recent advances and new syndromes. Part B of Annual Review of Birth Defects, 1977, sponsored by The National Foundation--March of Dimes. PMID- 31952 TI - The birth defects conferences: the last ten years and the next. PMID- 31953 TI - Recent advances and new syndromes. Part B of Annual Review of Birth Defects, 1977. Selected abstracts. PMID- 31954 TI - Recent advances and syndromes. Part B of Annual Review of Birth Defects, 1977. Section II. New syndromes. Selected Abstracts. PMID- 31955 TI - Sex differentiation and chromosomal abnormalities. Part C of Annual Review of Birth Defects, 1977, sponsored by the National Foundation--March of Dimes. PMID- 31957 TI - [23rd Annual meeting of the German Study-group for blood coagulation research. Congress 1979, Heidelberg, 15-17 February 1979. Abstracts]. PMID- 31956 TI - [Age and the course of nephrotoxic nephritis in rats]. AB - In experiments on two groups of mongrel rats (4 weeks old and 4 months old) with induced nephrotoxic nephritis it was revealed that in comparison with adult rats the course of nephritis in ratlings was characterized by lesser proteinuria, selective in nature, by lesser reducticn of endogenous creatinine clearance and diuresis. The acido- and ammo-niogenesis decreased in ratlings and adult rats to the same extent. Morphological changes in the kidneys of ratlings were less pronounced than in adult animals, and were mostly localized in the convoluted tubules. The level of DNA-synthetic activity of the epithelial nuclei of the glomeruli prevailed over this index of the convoluted tubules epithelium. The weight index of the kidneys increased less in ratlings with nephritis than in adult rats. beta-lipoproteinemia in ratlings increased 8 times. Normalization of the urine and blood indices occurred more rapidly in ratlings than in adult rats. PMID- 31958 TI - [23d International Tuberculosis Conference, Mexico, 22-26 September 1975]. PMID- 31959 TI - [Bacterial allergy in asthmatic syndromes]. PMID- 31960 TI - Factors influencing the release of acetylcholine from the myenteric plexus of the ileum of the guinea-pig and rabbit. AB - 1 The effects of electrical stimulation, changes in external ion concentrations and various drugs on acetylcholine release from the myenteric plexus were measured by bioassay in the presence of physostigmine and by recording the responses of the longitudinal muscle. In preparations from the guinea-pig, the acetylcholine output per pulse increased with decreasing frequency of stimulation and reached its maximum at a frequency of 0.017 Hz (1/min) and thus ensured that the output per unit of time was constant at frequencies below 0.5 Hz. Spontaneous release was suppressed during stimulation at 0.017 Hz. 2 In the rabbit, the fractional acetylcholine release was lower than in the guinea-pig. The output per pulse increased with decreasing frequency of stimulation but at a lesser rate, with the effect that the output per unit decreased between 0.5 and 0.017 Hz. 3 In the guinea-pig, reduction of the Ca2+ concentration, addition to the bath fluid of Mn2+, ganglion-blocking drugs, morphine and catecholamines reduced output more at low than at high frequencies of stimulation. In the rabbit, acetylcholine output was less sensitive to changes in Ca2+ concentration and insensitive to Mn2+ and morphine. 4 In the guinea-pig, morphine and catecholamines depressed both the contractile response and acetylcholine output whereas Mn2+ in concentrations up to 125 muM, bretylium and ganglion-blocking drugs depressed only acetylcholine output. 5 In preparations from the guinea-pig, drugs blocking noradrenergic neurons or alpha-adrenoceptors, e.g. bretylium, phenoxybenzamine, thymoxamine and phentolamine, increased acetylcholine output during stimulation at high (1.5 to 10 Hz) but not at low frequencies. 6 The implications of these findings for the release of acetylcholine from different pools in the heterogeneous myenteric plexus are considered. The possible errors, introduced by the effects of physostigmine, on the size of the acetylcholine pools and on the transmission of impulses within the myenteric plexus are discussed. PMID- 31961 TI - 4-Aminopyridine and evoked transmitter release from motor nerve endings. AB - 1 In the presence of tetrodotoxin, electrotonic depolarization of frog motor nerve terminals causes the appearance of stimulus-graded endplate potentials. When 4-aminopyridine is added, the graded endplate potential is converted into a triggered all-or-none response resulting in giant endplate potentials of about 70 mV amplitude and 50 ms duration. The triggered endplate potentials are abolished in Ca(2+)-free saline and are blocked by Mn(2+) ions. Sr(2+) but not Ba(2+) can replace Ca(2+) in supporting transmitter release. Mg(2+) fails, even in concentrations as high as 32 mM, to affect the amplitude and the shape of the endplate potential but abolishes it when the Ca(2+) concentration is reduced to 0.2 mM.2 Despite the large amplitude of the triggered endplate potential in the presence of 4-aminopyridine and tetrodotoxin, repetitive stimulation up to 10 Hz causes only a small decline in amplitude of successive endplate potentials. However, in the presence of (+)-tubocurarine or gallamine, repetitive nerve stimulation produces a marked decline in successive endplate potential amplitude. The fall is counteracted when evoked transmitter release is reduced in the presence of 0.2 mM Ca(2+). The results suggest that in the presence of 4 aminopyridine such large amounts of transmitter are released that even during repetitive stimulation (5 to 10 Hz) endplate potentials are of maximal amplitude.3 4-Aminopyridine causes a prallel shift to the right of the dose response curve to Mg(2+) for blockade of nerve impulse-evoked transmitter release (in the absence of tetrodotoxin). A similar parallel shift occurs in the presence of tetraethylammonium and guanidine.4 It is concluded that 4-aminopyridine increases transmitter release by enhancing the transport efficacy for Ca(2+) across the nerve terminal membrane during nerve terminal depolarization. PMID- 31962 TI - Rehearsal relief of a nightmare. AB - A recurrent nightmare of 14 years' duration rapidly disappeared after it was rehearsed repeatedly in treatment. The nightmare was independent of co-existing compulsive rituals ans sexual problems, but was related to co-existing depression. PMID- 31963 TI - Brain alpha-adrenergic receptors: comparison of [3H]WB 4101 binding with norepinephrine-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in rat cerebral cortex. AB - The ability of a series of adrenergic agents to displace the binding to brain membranes of [3H]WB 4101, a potent alpha-adrenergic antagonist (WB 4101 = 2-[2 (2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethylaminomethyl]-1,4-benzodioxane hydrochloride), has been compared with the potency of these agents in stimulating or inhibiting the alpha adrenergic component of cyclic AMP accumulation in rat cerebral cortex slices. [3H]WB 4101 rapidly bound to a high affinity site (KD = 2.7 nM) in membranes from cerebral cortex. Binding came to equilibrium by 2 min at 37 degrees C and was rapidly reversed in the presence of phentolamine. The potencies of adrenergic agents (WB 4101 greater than phentolamine greater than naphazoline) in displacing binding of [3H]WB 4101 were comparable to the potencies of these agents as inhibitors of the alpha-adrenergic component of norepinephrine-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulations. Phenoxybenzamine, clonidine, chlorpromazine and haloperidol were about 10--30 times more potent in inhibiting cyclic AMP accumulation than in displacing [3H]WB 4101 binding. The potency of classical alpha-adrenergic agonists in displacing WB 4101 (epinephrine greater than norepinephrine greater than methoxamine) correlated with the ability of these agonists to increase cyclic AMP levels. Overall a significant correlation (r = 0.87, P less than 0.005) was found between WB 4101 binding and alpha-adrenergically mediated cyclic AMP accumulation in brain. Several ligands bind to specific sites in brain membranes with alpha-adrenergic receptor properties. The identification of these binding sites as receptors depends on a correlation of binding with a known alpha adrenergic receptor-mediated response in brain. These data demonstrating that WB 4101 correlates with norepinephrine-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation suggest that WB 4101 may bind to the membrane receptor sites mediating the alpha adrenergic accumulation of cyclic AMP in rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 31964 TI - Early increase in phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity in a new strain of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - By repeated inbreeding, 2 strains of spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats have been simultaneously selected. The activities of tyrosine hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase were determined in various central catecholaminergic nuclei (C1, C2, A6 and A9) and in two peripheral tissues (adrenal glands and superior cervical ganglion). These assays were performed on rats belonging to the normotensive or the hypertensive strain at 3 ages which characterize the development of hypertension (5, 9 and 21 weeks). Except for a decrease in the C1 region of 9-week-old rats, no significant change in tyrosine hydroxylase activity occurred in central or peripheral structures of the spontaneously hypertensive rats when compared to the normotensive rats. In contrast, the activity of the phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT), was increased in the C2 adrenergic group of the medulla oblongata in young spontaneously hypertensive rats: +43% (P less than 0.001) at 5 weeks of age and +32% (P less than 0.001) in 9-week-old rats. However, there was no significant difference between the 21-week-old rats. No modification of the PNMT activity was found in the C1 adrenergic group of the medulla oblongata. PNMT activity was increased significantly in the adrenal glands of 5-week-old hypertensive rats (+22%, P less than 0.001). By 9 weeks, the difference in PNMT activity in the adrenals was no longer significant. Thus, in young rats of the hypertensive strain, there was an increase in the capacity to synthetize adrenaline in the C2 area of the medulla oblongata and in the adrenal glands. While the enzymatic change present in the adrenals seems to be specific to this new strain of hypertensive rats, the elevation of PNMT activity in a specific region of the medulla oblongata (C2 group) is a characteristic common to at least two independently derived strains of genetically hypertensive rats. PMID- 31965 TI - On the role of RNA synthesis in the selective induction of tyrosine hydroxylase by nerve growth factor. PMID- 31966 TI - Fine structural localization of glutamine synthetase in astrocytes of rat brain. AB - The distribution of glutamine synthetase was determined in rat brain by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry. Except for trace amounts in a rare indeterminate glial cell, all the reaction product was located in astrocytes. Specifically, none was observed in neurons, synaptic endings, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, pericytes, endothelial cells and other mesenchymal vascular elements. The results of this study clearly indicate that the astrocyte forms the compartment in brain concerned with glutamine synthesis, thereby assigning a key role to the astrocyte in the metabolism of ammonia and the putative neurotransmitters, glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid. The localization of glutamine synthetase in astrocytes additionally provides a valuable marker for a number of neurobiological studies. PMID- 31967 TI - Chronic taurine effects on various neurochemical indices in control and kainic acid-lesioned neostriatum. PMID- 31968 TI - Dynamics of serum potassium change during acute respiratory alkalosis. AB - In summary, one should be aware that hyperventilation and hypokalaemia occur frequently in the operating room under ordinary clinical conditions. An awareness of the rapidity with which these changes occur, and their extent as well as their potential hazards, should cause consideration of more aggressive attempts to maintain normocarbia and to use supplemental potassium during anaesthesia, particularly in patients with cardiac disease. PMID- 31969 TI - Purification and studies of some physicochemical properties of glutamine synthetase of Neurospora crassa. AB - Glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) of Neurospora crassa was purified to near homogeneity by chromatography on a glutamate-Sepharose affinity column. Its properties, including molecular weight, subunit structure, amino acid composition, and approximate alpha-helix content, have been examined. In the native state, this enzyme has been demonstrated by gel filtration to be an octamer of molecular weight 360,000 and as having a sedimetation coefficient of 13.2 S by sedimentation velocity measurements. Circular dichroism spectra in the far ultraviolet range suggest an approximate alpha-helix content of 23-24%. The subunit generated by treatment with urea was found to be 45,000 daltons by gel filtration methods and a molecular weight of 46,000 was calculated for the monomer obtained by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) treatment and electrophoresis in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Interprotomeric cross-linking experiments, using diimidoesters, suggest the presence of two noncovalently linked tetramers comprising the native octameric structure. Amino acid analyses revealed the presence of six tryptophans, four half cystines, and nine methionine residues per monomer of 45,000 daltons. PMID- 31970 TI - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in beef adrenal cortex. AB - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) activity (mevalonate:NADP+ oxidoreductase )CoA-acylating) EC 1.1.1.34) was demonstrated in beef adrenal cortex. Most of the HMG-CoA reductase activity is in the microsomal fraction while a small percentage of the activity is associated with the mitochondria, Mitochondria purified on a linear sucrose gradient are enriched in HMG-CoA reductase and cytochrome c oxidase activities. The reductase present in microsomal preparations from the whole adrenal cortex has an apparent Km of 5.6 X 10(-5) M for (R,S)-HMG-CoA. Reductase activities found in the microsomal fractions from the zona glomerulosa, the zona fasciculata, and the zona reticularis were 1.32, 7.37, and 9.74 nmol mevalonate formed per milligram protein in 30 min respectively. PMID- 31971 TI - Fractionation of avian erythrocyte histones by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. AB - The interactions of H1 (H1A, H1B), H2A, H2B, H3, H4, and H5 with phenyl cross linked agarose were studied. Procedures are described whereby all six histones can be bound, released, and fractionated by using appropriate salt concentrations or pH. The binding can be totally abolished by inclusion of hydrophobic disrupting agents. Control experiments with nonderivated cross-linked agarose ruled out a passive aggregation-disaggregation phenomenon governing the binding patterns. The absorption sequence based on the identification and quantitation of individual histones from either unfractionated (whole) histone or separate histone classes is as follows: H3 greater than or equal to H4 greater than H2B greater than or equal to H5 greater than or equal to H2A greater than H1A greater than or equal to H1B. The order differs only slightly from the reverse of the desorption sequence, H1B less than or equal to H1A less than or equal to H5 less than H2A less than or equal to H3. Preferential interaction of H2A-H2B, H3-H4, and H2A-H2B-H4 occur; these interactions can modify the original relative affinity of each individual component for the matrix. The variability in matrix affinity appears to involve simple stoichiometry of the histone components. PMID- 31972 TI - Effects of amino acids on Thiobacillus acidophilus. I. Growth studies with special reference to valine. AB - The heterotrophic growth of Thiobacillus acidophilus was inhibited by branched chain amino acids; valine, isoleucine, and leucine. The inhibition by valine and leucine were partially reversed by isoleucine, and the inhibition by isoleucine was partially reversed by valine. Inhibitions by methionine or threonine were partially reversed when both amino acids were present in the growth medium. Inhibition by tyrosine was increased by phenylalanine or tryptophan. Cystine completely inhibited growth. Other amino acids tested produced little or no inhibition. Acetohydroxy acid synthetase (AHAS) activity was demonstrated in crude extracts of T. acidophilus. In crude extracts the optimum pH was 8.5 with a shift to 9.0 in the presence of valine. Valine was the only branched-chain amino acid which inhibited the AHAS activity. The presence of only one peak of AHAS activity upon centrifugation in linear glycerol density gradients demonstrated that the AHAS activity sediments as one component. PMID- 31973 TI - Production and properties of polygalacturonate lyase by an alkalophilic microorganism Bacillus sp. RK9. AB - Bacillus sp. RK9 was isolated from soil and produced a constitutive polygalacturonate lyase. Production of the enzyme required the presence of complex nitrogen (peptone and yeast extract). Highest activity was obtained with an initial pH of 9.7. The organism was alkalophilic. No growth occurred below pH 7.5. The enzyme was purified by salt precipitation and diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. The pH optimum for activity was 10.0 in 0.01 M glycine-NaOH buffer. Calcium alone, of divalent cations, activated the enzyme by 2.9-fold. Complete inhibition of enzyme activity was achieved by 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Hydrolysis of substrate occurred in a random fashion and the enzyme was 50% more active towards acid soluble pectic acid (ASPA) than towards sodium polypectate. PMID- 31974 TI - DNA-dependent RNA and polyadenylic acid polymerase from phototrophically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - DNA-dependent RNA and polyadenylic acid polymerases have been purified from phototrophic Rhodospirillum rubrum. Their properties have been found to be very similar to those of the previously reported heterotrophic R. rubrum enzymes. However, several important differences do exist between the enzymes from the phototrophic and the heterotrophic cells, such as the lack of response to added polyadenylic acid for poly A synthesis and the presence of the sigma subunit in the phototrophic enzymes. Furthermore, additional purification steps were necessary for preparation of phototrophic enzyme fractions with high DNA dependence. PMID- 31975 TI - Cellulase and beta-glucosidase production by a basidiomycete species. AB - The optimisation of cellulase and beta-glucosidase production by a basidiomycete species was studied and cellulase and cellobiase production by this and Trichoderma viride (and its mutants) in shake flasks were compared. The former produced an active cellulase comparable to that of T. viride when tested on filter paper, carboxymethylcellulose, and cotton; however, it produced 20 to 26 times larger amounts of cellobiase. Both cellulase and beta-glucosidase were obtained in good yield only when cellulose was the carbon source. The production of these enzymes was not repressed by readily assimilated carbon sources in the presence of cellulose. Only traces of cellulase and beta-glucosidase were formed on glucose, fructose, maltose, and cellobiose although good growth was obtained on these substrates. These enzymes were not induced on sophorose, lactose, mannitol, or glycerol and growth was poor on these substrates. Cellobiose octaacetate was a less effective inducer of cellulase and beta-glucosidase than was cellulose. PMID- 31976 TI - alpha,alpha-Trehalase of Trichoderma reesei. AB - A simple adsorption and elution of the trehalase of Trichoderma reesei on bentonite increased the specific activity 70-80 times, with a recovery of 90%. This alpha,alpha-trehalase has an optimum pH of 4.4, a pl of 5.7, a Km of 3.1 X 10(-3) M, and a specific activity of 50 mumol/mg. min-1. PMID- 31977 TI - Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Immune Modulation and Control of Neoplasia by Adjuvant Therapy. Division of Cancer Cause and Prevention, National Cancer Institute. PMID- 31978 TI - [Critical assessment of present-day tendencies in the treatment of positional testicular anomalies (author's transl)]. PMID- 31979 TI - Phenotypic exclusion in mouse melanoma-rat hepatoma hybrid cells: pigment and albumin production are not reexpressed simultaneously. AB - Hybridization of cells of defined and different histotypes has been carried out to investigate whether the expression (or reexpression) of parental functions is mutually exclusive, as is expected if the generally assumed rule of discreteness of differentiation applies to hybrid cells. A cross of pigmented mouse melanoma cells and albumin-producing rat hepatoma cells gave rise to hybrids containing essentially one set of chromosomes from each parent and producing neither melanin nor albumin. Cells of one hybrid clone are shown to retain the potential to reexpress both parental differentiations. Successive subclonings of this hybrid have shown that cells which reexpress one function may retain the potential to reexpress the other, and that freshly isolated, morphologically homogeneous subclones may produce pigment or albumin, but not both; there successive and exclusive shifts of phenotype are documented, and in these cases, chromosome loss is very slight. The use of immunoadsorbed antisera has revealed that most (if not all) of the albumin produced by the hybrid cells is of the mouse type. We conclude that both parental determinations are retained by the hybrid cells, and that the parental differentiations are reexpressed only in a mutually exclusive fashion. PMID- 31980 TI - Mobility of histones on the chromosome of simian virus 40. AB - Linear simian virus 40 (SV40) chromosomes were prepared by Eco R1 nuclease cleavage of the circular SV40 chromosomes released from virions with dithiothreitol at pH 9,8. Chromatin-DNA hybrids were constructed with segments of 3H-labeled, naked SV40 DNA covalently joined via the Eco R1-generated cohesive ends to segments of linear SV40 chromosome. Upon incubation of chromatin-DNA hybrids at 37 degrees C and moderate ionic strength, histones migrated onto the labeled DNA while retaining the nucleosome structure. This was shown first, by the pattern of micrococcal nuclease digestion of labeled DNA; second by nitrocellulose filter binding of labeled DNA after redigestion of the chromatin DNA hybrids with Eco R1; and third, by examination of chromatin-DNA hybrids in the electron microscope. Migration was slow, being apparent after several hours. Parallel experiments in which naked DNA and chromosomes were mixed without joining showed no transfer of nucleosomal histones between DNA molecules. The kinetics of Eco R1 cleavage of the DNA in virion-derived SV40 chromosomes are also consistent with the notion that nucleosomal histones, in the absence of other proteins, can move on DNA. PMID- 31981 TI - Characterization of macrophage activation factor, a lymphokine that causes macrophages to become cytotoxic for tumor cells. PMID- 31982 TI - [Therapy of cryptorchism using D-leu6-des-gly10-GnRH-ethylamide, a highly effective analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH=LH-RH)]. PMID- 31983 TI - [Significance of preventive and dispensary provisions for the correct therapy of undescended testes]. PMID- 31984 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 8-chloro-10-(2 dimethylaminoethoxy)dibenzo[b,f]thiepin and related compounds. Neurotropic and psychotropic agents. III. PMID- 31985 TI - Prospects for the prevention of bacterial meningitis with polysaccharide vaccines. AB - MOST SUPPURATIVE INFECTIONS OF THE MENINGES ARE CAUSED BY FIVE BACTERIAL SPECIES: Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and group B streptococcus. The immune response of adults to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides has been studied in great detail and their responses to meningococcal and H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharides are quite similar. Immune responses of adults to E. coli and group B streptococcal antigens are disappointing. The responses of children below the age of 7 years differ both quantitatively and in duration. Early experience shows that useful antibody titres can be achieved with certain antigens but further studies are required. In order to prevent bacterial meningitis by immunization, three vaccine formulations will need to be developed. When epidemic meningococcal disease occurs in a population, the vaccine containing only components of the meningococcus would be applied to a large segment of the population to terminate the epidemic. The second vaccine would contain components of H. influenzae type b, pneumococcus, and the meningococcus and would be administered in the first year of life, and repeated at suitable intervals to maintain life-long immunity. The third vaccine, designed to prevent neonatal meningitis caused by E. coli K1 and group B streptococci, would be administered to women preferably during the third trimester of pregnancy, so that their offspring would inherit sufficient antibodies to protect them during the first 3 months of life.The vaccine against the meningococcus is a reality and has been used extensively during major epidemics, with excellent results. The two vaccines for control of endemic bacterial meningitides do not exist as yet, but the prospects are good. PMID- 31986 TI - Renovascular hypertension and plasma renin activity. PMID- 31987 TI - Measurement of arylsulfatase A activity in urine. PMID- 31988 TI - Improvement in a radioimmunoassay for digoxin. PMID- 31989 TI - The American Cleft Palate Association: its first 36 years. AB - History involves memory, and sometimes memory is faulty. History requires documentation, and sometimes documents cannot be found. History demands winnowing, and sometimes the wheat and the chaff cannot be completely separated. History is an assembly of details, and details may become burdensome. History is a challenge, to which the historian tries to respond. Surely, earlier Historians of the American Cleft Palate Association must have encountered this challenge. The present Historian acknowledges the work of her predecessors: George H. Foster, W. J. Robinson, and William Harkins from dentistry and Gretchen M. Phair and Asa J. Berlin from speech pathology. In preparing this review of events that took place from 1943 to 1978, in the United States and in other countries, during times of war and times of relative peace, through difficulties and accomplishments, I have attempted to be as accurate as possible. If I have distorted facts and if I have omitted people and happenings that should have been included, I have not done so intentionally. As Historian of the American Cleft Palate Association, I have appreciated the opportunity to learn about the organization and the people, past and present, who have built and maintained it. Thank you for giving me this assignment. PMID- 31990 TI - Management of hypertensive emergencies. PMID- 31991 TI - An improved method for preparation of samples for the simultaneous assay of some antiepileptic drugs by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - A new simple extraction method, e.g., for subsequent quantitative determination of some antiepileptic drugs by GLC is described. HCl and an internal standard are added to 100 microliter of plasma or any biological fluid. This mixture is applied directly to an Extrelut column. Lipophilic substances (i.e. the antiepileptic drugs diphenylhydantoin, primidone and phenobarbital) are then extracted into 20 ml of ether and the solvent is evaporated to dryness. Direct GLC analysis of the on-column methylated drugs is performed using a P-N-detector. PMID- 31992 TI - A new procedure for the visualization of multiple forms of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Results in normals, patients receiving enzyme-inducing drugs and patients having liver parenchymal lesions. AB - The activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT, EC 2.3.2.2) in sera of 68 healthy individuals, of 38 patients receiving anti-epileptic drugs, and of 27 patients having liver parenchymal lesions, was visualized after electrophoresis on cellulose-acetate gel using the substrate gamma-L-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide as a new colour reagent. The liberated p-nitroaniline was converted in situ into a lilac-coloured product using the Bratton-Marshall reaction. In most samples two bands were demonstrated, one located between albumin and alpha1-globulin, called GGT 1, the other located in the alpha2-globulin region, GGT 2. In a few samples a third band, GGT 3, with far less activity than the other bands, occurred in the beta-globulin region. When it occurred, an increase in total GGT activity was mainly due to an increase of GGT-1 activity. The possible role of the determination of GGT-1 activity as a monitor of microsomal enzyme induction is discussed. PMID- 31993 TI - Urinary albumin determination by the immediate bromcresol green method. AB - It has been demonstrated recently that the reaction of serum samples with bromcresol green (BCG) reagent proceeds in two steps. Albumin is responsible for the immediate reaction while other serum proteins produce the slow reaction. In this paper the immediate BCG reaction has been used for the determination of urinary albumin concentration in patients with proteinuria by a slightly modified method with a primary pH adjustment of the urine and the use of a urine blank. Comparison of the immediate BCG method (y) with Laurell "rocket" technique (x) gave the following equation: y = 17.2 + 1.006x (n = 98; r = 0.99) mg/l. The coefficient of variation (within-day), C.V. (%), ranged between 0.9 and 2.7% depending on the albumin concentration. It is thus possible to carry out rapid, accurate and precise albumin determinations in urine samples using this simple method. PMID- 31994 TI - Diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease using a simple and sensitive fluorimetric assay of sphingomyelinase activity. AB - Phosphodiesterase activity of cultured cells was determined with bis-(4 methylumbelliferyl) phosphate as substrate. In the presence of Triton X-100 an acid component was evident and results indicated that this enzyme was identical with sphingomyelinase. Acid phosphodiesterase activity was specifically inhibited by sphingomyelin. In fibroblasts from patients with Niemann-Pick diseases types A, B and C, acid phosphodiesterase activity was deficient whereas neutral activity was normal. Neutral activity could, however, be removed by acid precipitation or by binding to DEAE-cellulose. Hence a simple and sensitive fluorimetric method is described for the assay of sphingomyelinase activity in the diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease. PMID- 31995 TI - Validity and clinical utility of neuroleptic-facilitated electroencephalography in psychotic patients. PMID- 31996 TI - The effects of intracisternal administration of alpha-adrenoreceptor agonists on the systemic blood pressure and its response to head-up tilting in anaesthetized cats. PMID- 31997 TI - American Society for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Abstracts of papers, eightieth annual meeting, March 21--23, 1979, Crown Center Hotel, Kansas City, Mo. PMID- 31998 TI - Proceedings of the Fifth Meeting of the International Society of Hypertension, Paris, 12-14 June 1978. PMID- 31999 TI - Brain catecholamines and catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes in renovascular hypertension in the rat. AB - 1. Noradrenaline content of several rat brain stem and hypothalamic nuclei falls transiently at 72 h after initiation of renovascular hypertension (one-kidney Goldblatt model). 2. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity is significantly reduced in posterior, paraventricular and periventricular nuclei of hypothalamus at this time but returns to control value by 7 days. 3. Treatment with hydrallazine, 5 mg/kg intraperitoneally, twice daily or methaoxamine, 5 mg/kg, three times daily for 3 days respectively raises and lowers the noradrenaline content of brain nuclei, suggesting that short-term changes in noradrenaline may be secondary to afferent baroreceptor input. 4. At later times after the development of renovascular hypertension (7 and 28 days) activity of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase is increased in the nucleus of the solitary tract and the locus coeruleus. 5. Brain catecholamines may participate both early in the development and later in the maintenance of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 32000 TI - Enhanced hypothalamic noradrenaline biosynthesis in Goldblatt I renovascular hypertension. AB - 1. Hypertension was induced in rats by renal artery clip with the contralateral kidney removed (Goldblatt I) or left intact (Goldblatt II). 2. Plasma noradrenaline was increased 62% in the Goldblatt I animals after 3 weeks. 3. Hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase activities, and the concentration of noradrenaline were increased in the Goldblatt I animals after 3 weeks. 4. Enhanced hypothalamic noradrenaline synthesis may be a pathogenic factor in Goldblatt I renovascular hypertension. PMID- 32001 TI - Definitive evidence for renin in rat brain by affinity chromatographic separation from protease. AB - 1. Angiotensin I-generating activity of rat brain extract was separated into two components by affinity chromatography on a casein-Sepharose gel column. 2. The component without affinity to the gel was identified as true renin on the basis of its sensitivity to anti-renin antibody and the lack of protease activity. 3. The second renin-like component with affinity to the gel was a protease insensitive to the anti-renin antibody. Its renin-like activity examined with sheep substrate was pronounced compared with the rate of angiotensin I generation from the rat substrate. 4. It was concluded that rat brain contains true renin, which can be detected by the use of rat substrate but can be masked when examined with sheep substrate. PMID- 32002 TI - Renal release of active and inactive renin in essential and renovascular hypertension. AB - 1. Active and acid-activable inactive renin were measured in renal venous and arterial plasma of 18 patients with essential hypertension (EHT) and 19 patients with renovascular hypertension (RVHT). In seven patients with EHT and in 11 patients with RVHT measurements were made before and 25-35 min after an intravenous injection of 300 mg of diazoxide. 2. Under basal conditions the renal vein to artery ratios for active and inactive renin in EHT ranged from 0.71 to 1.96 and from 0.68 to 1.44 respectively. In 14 patients with RVHT the renal vein to artery ratio for active renin on the affected side was above the range found in EHT and in six of them the renal vein to artery ratio for inactive renin was also elevated. 3. The diazoxide-induced release of active renin from kidneys, which had a stenotic artery but were not seriously contracted, was associated with a fall of the renal vein to artery ratio for inactive renin to a value below 1.00. 4. The results indicate that changes in the release of active and inactive renin do not always run in parallel. The findings are compatible with the hypothesis that circulating inactive renin can be activated in the kidney. PMID- 32003 TI - An endogenous protease activating plasma inactive renin. AB - 1. The protease inhibitors Trasylol and soyabean trypsin inhibitor prevented the activation of plasma inactive renin by acid. 2. N-Ethylmaleimide inhibited acid activation to some extent but o-phenathroline had no effect. 3. Acid-activation of the inactive renin in human plasma is mediated by a serine protease. PMID- 32004 TI - Activation of inactive plasma renin: evidence that both cryoactivation and acid activation work by liberating a neutral serine protease from endogenous inhibitors. AB - 1. We have found that 'acid'-activation of inactive human plasma renin is a two phase process. About 30% of activation occurs during dialysis to pH 3.3; the remaining 70% occurs at alkaline pH. 2. The 'alkaline phase' of activation has a pH optimum between 7.5 and 8.4. It is inhibited by unacidified plasma and by soya bean or lima-bean trypsin inhibitors. 3. 'Cryoactivation' of inactive plasma renin, which occurs at -4 degrees C and alkaline pH, is also inhibited by soya bean or lima-bean trypsin inhibitors and by the serine protease inhibitors diisopropylphosphorofluoridate and benzamidine. 4. Thus endogenous neutral serine proteases participate in the activation of inactive plasma renin in vitro. Their action is prevented in the circulation by inhibitors which are inactivated by acid or cold. PMID- 32005 TI - The interaction between prazosin and clonidine. AB - 1. The interaction between prazosin and clonidine was studied in anaesthetized rats, pithed rats and in anaesthetized cats. 2. Prazosin diminished the clonidine induced hypotensive effect in anaesthetized rats, probably via an antagonism at the level of central alpha-adrenoreceptors. 3. In pithed rats, stimulation of the Nervi accelerantes caused tachycardia, which was diminished considerably by clonidine. The antagonism by clonidine was partly reversed by prazosin, suggesting that prazosin possesses a certain degree of presynaptic activity apart from its predominant effect at the postsynaptic alpha-receptor. Piperoxan was more active than prazosin. 4. The central hypotensive effect of clonidine, injected into the left vertebral artery of cats was significantly reduced by prazosin, administered before clonidine via the same route. Intravenously injected prazosin did not diminish the central hypotensive effect of clonidine. The antagonism is, therefore, caused by a central mechanism. 5. The combined application of clonidine and prazosin in antihypertensive treatment is probably not only irrational but ought to be discouraged in view of the interaction between the drugs, which leads to a reduced antihypertensive potency of clonidine. PMID- 32006 TI - Labetalol in hypertensive patients with angina pectoris: beneficial effect of combined alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor blockade. AB - 1. Eight hypertensive patients with angina pectoris had placebo added to their existing medications for 8 weeks, then incremental doses of active labetalol with simultaneous stepwise reduction in other medicines until blood pressure was satisfactorily controlled; after that only labetalol and thiazide (8 weeks) and finally labetalol-placebo together with previous beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists and thiazide for 4 weeks were administered. 2. During the labetalol plus thiazide period resting blood pressures and measurements obtained during isotonic exercise, isometric exercise and the cold pressor test were significantly lower than during the initial placebo addition period. Angina scores were significantly reduced during this period. 3. During the final treatment with placebo, beta adrenoreceptor antagonist and thiazide, blood pressures remained reduced, but angina was significantly worse. 4. Labetalol which antagonizes both alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors produced better relief of angina pectoris than beta adrenoreceptor antagonists during improvement in blood pressure in hypertensive patients. PMID- 32007 TI - beta-Adrenoreceptor-blocking agents and lipid metabolism. AB - 1. Chlorothiazide twice a day plus atenolol, metoprolol, pindolol and propranolol in single daily doses administered to patients with essential hypertension achieved effective control of blood pressure. 2. Each beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drug was associated with small, but significant, increases in plasma triglyceride concentrations and suppression of fasting immuno-reactive glucagon concentrations. PMID- 32008 TI - Sympathetic and parasympathetic components of reflex cardiostimulation during vasodilator treatment of hypertension. AB - 1. Haemodynamic responses to diazoxide (300 mg intravenously) were studied in 15 hypertensive patients before and after chronic beta-adrenoreceptor blockade by 320 mg of propranolol daily. After diazoxide alone, mean arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance were lowered by 24 +/- 3 and 35 +/- 5% (mean +/- SEM) respectively. Cardiac output and heart rate rose by 25 +/- 9 and 21 +/- 3%. During beta-adrenoreceptor blockade, the percentage changes of mean arterial pressure, heart rate, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance after vasodilatation were not significantly different from those after diazoxide alone. 2. Atropine, 0.04 mg/kg body weight, was given to 12 hypertensive patients chronically treated with beta-adrenoreceptor blockade, before acute vasodilatation by diazoxide. Diazoxide caused no increase in heart rate after combined beta-adrenoreceptor and parasympathetic blockade. However, cardiac output rose by 14 +/- 5%. 3. We conclude that withdrawal of parasympathetic tone is an important determinant of circulatory homeostasis after acute vasodilatation during beta-adrenoreceptor blockade. PMID- 32009 TI - Relation between prognosis and the blood pressure before and during treatment of hypertensive patients. AB - 1. A study was conducted amongst 1247 treated hypertensive patients to determine the predictive power of untreated baseline and achieved treated blood pressures in the development of the complications of hypertension. In addition the relative importance of systolic and diastolic pressures was calculated. 2. Statistical analysis was done by calculating univariate differences in blood pressure between cases with and without complications. The higher the univariate distance, the greater the predictive power. 3. Blood pressures achieved during treatment were more important than baseline pressures for predicting stroke in both men and women, confirming the benefits of antihypertensive therapy in preventing strokes. 4. There was some evidence of prevention of myocardial infarction in men and of angina in women as a result of therapy. 5. There was no evidence to suggest that any one group of drugs, including beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs and thiazides, conferred any extra benefit in preventing coronary heart disease. 6. The systolic blood pressures achieved during treatment predicted stroke better than diastolic pressure, but no consistent trends were found for coronary heart disease. PMID- 32010 TI - Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline in essential hypertension and after long-term treatment with beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking agents. AB - 1. Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline were measured in supine and upright positions in 27 essential hypertensive patients and in 12 age-matched control subjects. 2. Plasma adrenaline was markedly increased in a large proportion of patients, compared with control subjects, either in supine or in upright positions, whereas no significant differences were found in plasma noradrenaline. 3. Six hypertensive patients were chronically treated with beta-adrenoreceptor blocking agents (five with propranolol and one with pindolol). Plasma noradrenaline was not significantly changed in the supine position but was markedly increased on standing in four out of six patients. Plasma adrenaline was decreased in five out of six patients either in suprine or upright positions. 4. These findings support the view that the adrenergic system participates in the mechanism of essential hypertension. PMID- 32011 TI - The undescended testis. PMID- 32012 TI - Regulation of enzymes in C4 photosynthesis. PMID- 32013 TI - Immobilized model systems of enzyme sequences. PMID- 32014 TI - Functions, of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and its metabolism. PMID- 32016 TI - Functions of the septo-hippocampal system. PMID- 32015 TI - [Studies on staphylococcal enterotoxin B. II. Production and regulation (author's transl)]. AB - Enterotoxigenic strain of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 14458) was grown under various conditions with constant shaking to determine the requirements for maximum toxin production. It was evident that 3% tryptic soy broth, 3% NZ-Amine NAK + 3% casein hydrolysate, 3% NZ-Amine NAK + 1% yeast extract, and 3% NZ-Amine NAK + 1% yeast extract + 0.2% glucose are most available toxin production media. But concentration of glucose could strictly triggered the enterotoxin producing efficiency. When glucose concentration was less than 0.5%, although with higher yield, the toxin production was delayed for certain period of time. However, if glucose concentration was up to more than 0.5%, the enterotoxin production was almost inhibited. Some metabolites of glucose to elucidate the inhibitory effect have also investigated. Our results indicated that glycerol and citric acid inhibited the toxin production directly, while the inhibitory effect of lactic acid and acetic acid were due to those acidic metabolites, decreased the pH value of media, and adversely suppressed the bacterial growth. PMID- 32017 TI - Functions of the septo-hippocampal system. General discussion I. PMID- 32018 TI - The role of the septo-hippocampal system and its noradrenergic afferents in behavioural responses to none-reward. AB - Our experiments were designed with two purposes: (i) to examine the effects on one behaviour of differing interventions in the septo-hippocampal system; (ii) to compare these effects with those of minor tranquillizers. The behaviour studied (in rats) is extinction in the alley after continuous (CRF) or partial (PRF) reinforcement. Minor tranquillizers and large septal lesions produce three effects: (1) resistance to extinction is increased after CRF; (2) resistance to extinction is decreased after PRF; (3) the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) is abolished. Small septal lesions fractionate this syndrome: either effect (1) or an actual increase in the size of the PREE is produced by medial septal lesions abolishing hippocampal theta; effects (2) and (3), but not (1), are produced by lateral septal lesions sparing theta. Dorso-medial fornix section, abolishing theta, reproduces the effects of medial septal lesions. Fimbrial section, sparing theta, reproduces some of the effects of lateral septal lesions. Minor tranquillizers produce a rise in the threshold for septal driving of hippocampal theta specifically at 7.7 Hz. This effect is reproduced by blockade of noradrenergic transmission or destruction of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle with 6-hydroxydopamine. This lesion reproduces all three behavioural changes listed above. These results suggest a model for the role of the septo hippocampal system and its noradrenergic inputs in the PREE. This model is compared with other approaches to the septo-hippocampal system. PMID- 32019 TI - Localization of putative transmitters in the hippocampal formation: with a note on the connections to septum and hypothalamus. AB - Biochemical assays on microdissected samples, denervation studies, subcellular fractionation, and light and electron microscopic autoradiography of high affinity uptake have been performed to study the cellular localization of transmitter candidates in the rat hippocampal formation. High affinity uptake of glutamate and aspartate is localized in the terminals of several excitatory systems, such as the entorhino-dentate fibres (perforant path), mossy fibres (from granular cells) and pyramidal cell axons. Thus, in stratum radiatum and oriens of CA1, 85% of glutamate and asparate uptake and 40% of glutamate and aspartate content are lost after lesions of ipsilateral plus commissural fibres from CA3/CA4. Hippocampal efferents also take up aspartate and glutamate, since these activities are heavily reduced in the lateral septum and mamillary bodies after transection of fimbria and the dorsal fornix. The synthesis (by glutamic acid decarboxylase), content and high affinity uptake of gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) are not reduced after lesions of these or other projection fibre systems. A localization in intrinsic neurons is confirmed by a selective loss of glutamic acid decarboxylase after local injections of kainic acid. Peak concentrations of the enzyme occur near the pyramidal and granular cell bodies, corresponding to the site of the inhibitory basket cell terminals, and in the outer parts of the molecular layers. Some 85% of glutamic acid decarboxylase is situated in 'nerve ending particles'. Acetylcholine synthesis (by choline acetyltransferase) disappears after lesions of septo-hippocampal fibres. Since 80% of the hippocampal choline acetyltransferase is in 'nerve ending particles', the characteristic topographical distribution of this enzyme should reflect the distribution of cholinergic septo-hippocampal afferents. Serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine and histamine are located/synthesized in afferent fibre systems. Some monoamine-containing afferents to the hippocampal formation pass via the septal area, others via the amygdala. The hippocampal formation also contains nerve elements reacting with antibodies against neuroactive peptides, such as enkephalin, substance P, somatostatin and gastrin/cholecystokinin. PMID- 32020 TI - Origins of specificity in the binding of small molecules to dihydrofolate reductase. AB - Dihydrofolate reductase is the target for the therapeutically important 'anti folate' drugs such as methotrexate and trimethoprim. Methotrexate is a powerful inhibitor of the enzyme, binding up to 10,000 times more tightly than the structurally similar substrate, folate. Two contributions to this striking difference in affinity have been identified: the two ligands bind in different charge states, and there are conformational differences between the two complexes. The origins of the tight binding of methotrexate have been explored further by studying the binding of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine and p-aminobenzoyl-L glutamate, which may be considered as 'fragments' of methotrexate. These two compounds bind simultaneously but also cooperatively, the binding of one 'fragment' leading to a 50-fold increase in the affinity for the other. Studies of structural analogues of these fragments show that the specificity as well as the strength of binding can be altered by the presence of the other 'fragment'; both positive and negative cooperativity are observed. The relation of these observations to methotrexate binding, and the notion of intramolecular cooperativity in ligand binding are discussed. PMID- 32021 TI - [Local changes in the concentration of acid in mitochondrial membranes]. PMID- 32022 TI - [Chemically modified hemoglobin--artificial oxygen carrier]. PMID- 32023 TI - [Effect of beta receptor blockers in angina pectoris]. PMID- 32024 TI - [Astroglia. Structure, stereological and functional relations to extracellular space of central nervous system ]. PMID- 32025 TI - [Optimization of the conditions for testing for antinociceptive action by the Randall-Selitto method]. PMID- 32026 TI - Gamma glutamyl transferase: application of a new radiochemical assay to the analysis of its subcellular distribution in the rat liver. AB - gamma-Glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT) is a key catalyst in the metabolism of glutathione. Its activity in the rat liver is usually very low but it increases significantly during the process of chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. A new radiochemical assay is reported which measures the amount of 3H-aniline liberated from gamma-glutamyl-3H-anilide. This assay is highly specific and no biological substances interferes. By applying this new assay to the analysis of the subcellular distribution of the rat liver gamma-GT, it is shown that it distributes between two pools, one which corresponds to a membrane-bound enzyme, the other to a soluble enzyme. The subcellular distribution of gamma-GT is discussed by comparison with the patterns of distribution of classical marker enzymes. PMID- 32027 TI - Influence of detergents and organic solvent extraction on human gamma glutamyltransferase activity. AB - Human serum and urinary gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) have been found to react differently towards the detergents Triton X-100 and sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS). Serum gamma-GT was virtually unaffected by Triton X-100 at a concentration of 5% whereas urinary gamma-GT was 10-15% activated under similar conditions. There was a 100-fold difference in the response of serum and urinary gamma-GT to SDS. The enzyme activity in urine was completely destroyed by 0.02% SDS, whereas it required 2.0% to destroy the serum enzyme. These latter differences, however, were found to result from the environments of the serum and urinary enzyme rather than to intrinsic factors within the molecule. Extraction of serum gamma-GT from normal individuals with n-butanol resulted in little or no loss of activity from the aqueous phase, whereas more than 30% activity was lost from normal urines. Extraction using various mixtures of butanol and di-isopropyl ether (DIPE) produced largely similar results, except that 25% DIPE: 75% butanol mixture produced a marked loss of activity from serum. It is suggested that gamma-GT activity in human body fluids may be dependent on the presence of a lipid fraction. PMID- 32028 TI - Human skeletal muscle enolase and factors influencing its activity. AB - Enolase activity was determined in human skeletal muscle extracts using two procedures to measure the phosphoenolpyruvate formed. The results closely agreed, as did double determinations on bipartite muscle pieces. Activities in m. vastus lateralis quadricipitis did not differ significantly in adult males, females and 11- to 14-year-old girls. M. vastus medialis and deltoideus exhibited significantly higher activities than vastus lateralis. Endurance-trained athletes had lower enolase activities when compared to untrained subjects. The effects of changes in temperature, pH and K+ concentration in the medium were investigated and the possible physiological implications discussed. PMID- 32029 TI - Fourth international symposium on night and shift work, sponsored by the Permanent Commission and International Association on Occupational Health, Dortmund, West Germany, 14-17 November 1977. Proceedings. PMID- 32030 TI - Kinetics of milk lipoprotein lipase. Studies with tributyrin. PMID- 32031 TI - The quaternary structure of bovine alpha-crystallin. Size and shape studies by sedimentation, small-angle X-ray scattering and quasi-elastic light scattering. PMID- 32032 TI - Autoxidation of native oxymyoglobin. Kinetic analysis of the pH profile. AB - The rate of autoxidation of native oxymyoglobin to metmyoglobin has been examined over the pH range of 4.8--12.6 in 0.1 M buffer at 25 degrees C, and some 40 values of the observed first-order rate constant, kobs, are plotted against pH of the solution. In order to understand the kobs--pH profile thus obtained, some mechanistic models are proposed for the autoxidation reaction. The fitting of their rate equations as a function of pH has been examined to the experimental kobs-pH plot by a least-squares method with the use of a digital computer. The complicated pH-profile can be best explained by the 'acid-base catalyzed three states model', which reveals not only the catalytic role of hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions, but also the involvement of two dissociation groups of myoglobin molecule in the autoxidation reaction. PMID- 32033 TI - Agarose-bound horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Dependence of molecular properties and activity on coupling conditions. AB - 1. Spectroscopic methods for protein and active-site determination with the same sample of immobilised horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase have been developed. 2. The influence of pH, active-site protection of the soluble enzyme and protein concentration on coupling of alcohol dehydrogenase with cyanogen-bromide activated Sepharose has been investigated. In phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) products with over 90% active-site retention have been synthesized. The binary complex alcohol-dehydrogenase . NADH gives a preparation with the same active-site content but a lower apparent specific activity compared to the unprotected enzyme. Increase in protein concentration yields products with the same active site content relative to bound protein but the apparent specific activity is decreased. 3. The great similarity in spectroscopic properties of soluble and immobilised enzyme, as well as of their ternary complexes, shows that no significant conformational change has taken place during immobilisation. 4. Exchange of the non-catalytic Zn2+ against Co2+ yields a hybrid Sepharose--Co2Zn2 alcohol-dehydrogenase with over 90% active-site retention during metal exchange. The absorption spectra of the soluble and immobilised hybrid are identical. PMID- 32034 TI - Isolation and characterization of the acidic phosphoproteins of 60-S ribosomes from Artemia salina and rat liver. AB - Eucaryotic L7/L12-type proteins are present in ethanol/salt extracts (P1 protein) of ribosomes from Artemia salina and rat liver. These proteins are partially phosphorylated and occur in two forms of closely related structure: a major form eL12 having methionine at the N-terminal position and a minor form of eL12 (eL12') which seems slightly elongated and contains a blocked N terminus. Purification of the four different forms of this protein, eL12, eL12-P, eL12' and eL12'-P, was performed by ion-exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl-cellulose and DEAE-cellulose. Using a radioimmuno assay, 1.8 copies of eL12 and 0.9 of eL12' were found on the 80-S A. salina ribosome. In ribosomes of both rat liver and A. salina, eL12 is present in a larger quantity than eL12'. 40-S and 60-S ribosomal subunits extracted with ethanol/salt were essentially free of eL12 proteins. A large pool of eL12 was found in the cytosol after removal of the ribosomes by centrifugation or molecular sieving. The proteins of rat liver and A. salina are similar with regard to their isoelectric points and molecular weights. Sedimentation equilibrium studies indicated that the isolated protein eL12 occurs as a dimer. PMID- 32035 TI - The cycling of calcium, sodium, and protons across the inner membrane of cardiac mitochondria. AB - A method is described that permits simultaneous determination of the net charge transfer associated with Ca2+ transport by the ruthenium-red-sensitive carrier and the ionized internal [Ca2+] in heart mitochondria. The data indicate that this carrier catalyses a charge-uncompensated flux of Ca2+. Full charge compensation for Ca2+ influx is provided by the respiration-dependent efflux of H+. The net efflux of Ca2+ induced by Na+ is analysed in terms of two other carriers, a Na+-Ca2+ antiporter and a Na+-H+ antiporter. Evidence is presented that these two carriers are separate and that the Na+-H+ exchange is the more rapid. The fluxes of Ca2+, Na+ and H+ during the Na+-induced efflux of Ca2+ support a series of events in which the Na+-H+ exchange enables unidirectional Ca2+ fluxes via the uniport and antiport systems to be integrated into a cycle. PMID- 32036 TI - Purification and physicochemical properties of fatty acid synthetase and acetyl CoA carboxylase from lactating rabbit mammary gland. AB - Fatty acid synthetase was purified 13-fold from lactating rabbit mammary glands by a procedure which involved chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. The preparation was completed within two days and over 100 mg of enzyme was isolated from 100--150 g of mammary tissue, which represented a yield of over 40%. The preparation was homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis. The sedimentation constant, S20,w was 13.3 S, the absorption coefficient, A280nm1%, measured refractometrically was 10.0 +/- 0.1, and the amino acid composition was determined. The subunit molecular weight determined by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate was 252,000 +/- 6,000, and the molecular weight of the native enzyme measured by sedimentation equilibrium was 515,000. These experiments indicate that at the concentrations which exist in mammary tissue (2--4 mg/ml) fatty acid synthetase is a dimer. The purified enzyme did however show a tendency to dissociate to a monomeric 9-9S species on storage for several days or following exposure to a low ionic strength buffer at pH 8.3. There was only a small quantity of alkali labile phosphate (0.2 molecules per subunit) bound covalently to the purified enzyme. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase was purified 300-fold in a 50% yield within 24 h by ammonium sulphate and polyethylene glycol precipitations [Hardie, D.G. and Cohen, P. (1978) FEBS Lett. 91, 1--7]. The preparation was in a state approaching homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration on Sepharose 4B and ultracentrifugal analysis. The sedimentation constant, S20,w, was 50.5 S, the absorption index, A280nm1%, was 14.5 +/- 0.7, and the amino acid composition was determined. The subunit molecular weight of acetyl-CoA carboxylase determined by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate was identical to that of fatty acid synthetase (252,000) as shown by electrophoresis of a mixture of the two proteins. The preparations also contained two minor components of molecular weight 235,000 and 225,000, which appear to be derived from the major species of mol. wt 252,000. A large emount of phosphate (3.2 molecules per subunit) was found to be bound covalently to the purified enzyme. The properties of fatty acid synthetase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase are compared to those obtained by other workers. PMID- 32037 TI - Properties of human hemoglobin immobilized on Sepharose 4B. AB - This paper reports the properties of human hemoglobin covalently bound to Sepharose 4B both in 'high-affinity' and 'low-affinity' conformations. The results suggest that the coupling reaction is strongly affected by the conformational changes linked to oxygenation of the protein. The rate and the extent of the reaction are different for the oxy and deoxyderivatives, probably due to the change in reactivity of the amino groups in the liganded and unliganded tetramer. The data on the equilibrium which is established between matrix-bound and soluble subunits, measured by the 'subunit-exchange chromatography', indicate that the system displays a minimal heterogeneity when hemoglobin is coupled to the gel in the deoxy state at intermediate protein concentration and pH 8. Maxtrix-bound hemoglobin is characterized by a higher oxygen affinity and by decreased homotropic and heterotropic interactions with respect to hemoglobin in solution, but the changes depend strongly on the conditions used in the coupling procedure. PMID- 32038 TI - The binding of protons and inositol hexakisphosphate to ligated and unligated human des-Arg141alpha-hemoglobin. PMID- 32039 TI - The binding of protons and inositol hexakisphosphate to ligated and unligated human des-Arg141alpha-hemoglobin. PMID- 32040 TI - Study of the tryptophan residues of lysozyme using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The identification and complete assignment of the C-2 and N-1 proton nuclear magnetic resonances (NMR) of the six tryptophan residues of hen lysozyme are reported. Identification of the resonances required a detailed examination of the spectra of the protein in H2O and in 2H2O, and involved the application of spin echo and Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill pulse sequences. Assignment was achieved by observing the effects on the NMR spectra of performing specific chemical modifications, of binding paramagnetic species (lanthanide ions and spin labels), of binding inhibitors and protons and of carrying out solvent exchange experiments. The problems involved in completion of assignment are fully discussed. In the course of performing experiments to make assignments, several interesting aspects of the behaviour of the tryptophan residues in the protein structure were observed and are discussed. PMID- 32041 TI - Acute influence of different beta-blocking agents upon left heart hemodynamics at rest and during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - The study investigated the acute hemodynamic changes induced in patients with angiographically confirmed coronary artery disease by 3 beta-blockers: metoprolol, cardioselective without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA), group I, 11 patients; bunitrolol, noncardioselective with ISA, group II, 11 patients; oxprenolol, noncardioselective with ISA, group III, 11 patients. Hemodynamic variables were obtained at rest and during exercise, before and 45 min after 10 mg i.v. of the drug. Changes in LVEDP and cardiac indexes were such as LV function was improved in 1 patient of group I, 7 patients of group II and 5 patients of group III; impaired in 4 patients of group I and in 1 patient of group III; unchanged in the others. Contractility indexes were less influenced by bunitrolol and oxprenolol. During exercise there was a significant difference between groups for LVEDP which was lower in group II (P less than 0.01). The data seem to indicate that the choice of the beta-blocker may be of importance when it is desirable that an already compromised cardiac function be not further impaired by pharmacological intervention. PMID- 32042 TI - The pathophysiology of alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism in the liver. PMID- 32043 TI - Comparison of disposition and effect of timolol and propranolol on exercise tachycardia. AB - The kinetic disposition and beta-adrenergic blocking action in relation to plasma level of a single oral dose of either timolol or propranolol has been compared in healthy male volunteers. The disposition profiles clearly disclosed different properties of the two drugs, although their half-lives were similar. The available fraction of timolol in the systemic circulation was estimated to be approximately 60% of the dose, and 17.4% was exereted unchanged in urine. The logarithm of plasma concentration showed a significant correlation with the beta blocking activity assessed by an exercise test. The mean potency ratios of timolol to propranolol as an antagonist of chronotropic effects on exercise tachycardia were 11 to 17 and 3.6 to 5.5 in dose- and concentration-effect relationships, respectively. The absolute reduction of exercise heart rate gave the best coefficient of all measures of beta-blockade. When drug action was measured as beta-blockade assessed by a given response to exercise tachycardia, the effect declined linearly with time, even though plasma levels fell exponentially. This results suggest that the pharmacokinetic t1/2 is much shorter than the pharmacological t1/2. PMID- 32044 TI - Chronopharmacological study of antihistamines in man with special references to terfenadine. PMID- 32045 TI - Binding of thioridazine and thioridazine metabolites to serum proteins in psychiatric patients. PMID- 32046 TI - Influence of food on the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid from enteric-coated dosage forms. AB - The absorption of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) from two different enteric-coated dosage forms, tablets (Premaspin) and granules (Reumyl), was studied in healthy volunteers under fasting and non-fasting conditions by following the plasma concentration and urine recovery of salicylates after single doses of ASA 1 g. Conventional tablets (Aspirin) were used as the reference. Under fasting conditions the absorption of ASA from the two different enteric-coated preparations was complete. Taken with food the enteric-coated tablets gave much lower plasma concentrations than under fasting conditions, and absorption was not complete in all subjects. In contrast, absorption from the enteric-coated granules was not influenced by the intake of food. It was concluded that enteric coated granules of ASA permit more reproducible absorption than enteric-coated tablets. PMID- 32047 TI - A relatively specific and quantitative assay for histamine H2-receptor blocking activity by determination of inhibition of histamine-induced gastric acid secretion in the rat. AB - A relatively specific method for the quantitative assay of histamine H2-receptor antagonists has been developed. The method is based on the antagonism of the histamine-induced, and the spontaneous, gastric acid secretion in the stomach perfused, urethane-anesthetized acute rat. For the induced gastric acid secretion, the animal received two consecutive equal injections of histamine (2 mg/kg, intrajugularly), the second 1.7 h after the termination of the first histamine-induced acid hypersecretion. Atropine (5 mg/kg), chlorisondamine (2 mg/kg), imipramine (10 mg/kg) and tripelennamine (5 mg/kg), administered i.p., failed to inhibit the histamine-induced, or the spontaneous, gastric acid secretion. Metiamide inhibited the histamine-induced acid secretion (ED50 1.85 mg/kg, i.p.) and the spontaneous acid secretion (10 mg/kg, i.p.). These results suggest that in the rat model employed in this study, histamine and H2-receptors play a very important role in the regulation of the gastric acid secretion. Other mechanisms involving cholinergic tone, biogenic amine uptake and histamine H1 receptors do not seem to intervene. PMID- 32048 TI - Comparative effects of clozapine and alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drugs on regional noradrenaline metabolism in rat brain. AB - Clozapine increased brain noradrenaline (NA) metabolism, as indicated by changes in 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol sulfate content, in brain regions corresponding to the predominance of alpha- over beta-receptors, i.e., hypothalamus, medulla, midbrain and cortex, but not corpus striatum or cerebellum. Phenoxybenzamine had a stronger effect in the hypothalamus than did clozapine, but did not change cortical NA metabolism within a 60 min treatment time; however, cortical NA metabolism was increased 150 min after phenoxybenzamine. The delayed effect of phenoxybenzamine may be due to either a poor affinity for some central receptors or a slow rate of entry into certain brain regions. Thioridazine and the benzodioxane, dibozane, had regional effects similar to clozapine. The similarity between clozapine and dibozane in ther effects on regional brain NA metabolism may reflect a preference for presynaptic alpha-receptors. It is unlikely that the antipsychotic activity of clozapine is related to a specific adrenolytic effect, but may reflect the combined activity of this drug on several transmitter systems. PMID- 32049 TI - A phenoxypropanolamine derivative (RO363) with selective beta1-receptor stimulant actions. PMID- 32050 TI - Irreversible beta-adrenoceptor blockade of atrial rate and tension responses. AB - The competitive reversible beta-adrenoceptor antagonist activity of Ro 03-5255 [1 (5-acetylaminobenzfuran-2-yl)-2-isopropylaminoethanol] upon isoprenaline-induced increases of the rate and tension of guinea-pig isolated atria is described. The chlorinated derivative [Ro 03-7894; 1-[5-chloracetylaminobenzfuran-2-yl)-2 isopropyl-aminoethanol] in contrast exhibited concentration-dependent non competitive irreversible blocking activity as measured by depression of the maximum responses which were not restored by a washout period that successfully reversed Ro 03-5255. When orciprenaline was used as a weak agonist of low efficacy, the maximum responses were depressed to a greater extent. The blockade by Ro 03-7894 was relatively specific for beta-adrenoceptors since it did not antagonize histamine or calcium chloride. The depression of the maximum responses to orciprenaline was reduced by the presence of sodium thiosulphate. Sodium thiosulphate was ineffective in reversing an established blockade. The blockade by Ro 03-7894 was therefore assumed to involve irreversible binding to the beta adrenoceptor after conversion to an appropriate electrophilic ligand. The significance of this is discussed. PMID- 32051 TI - Presynaptic activity at peripheral adrenergic sites and blood pressure effect of alpha-adrenoceptor stimulating drugs. PMID- 32052 TI - Blockade by WB 4101 of alpha-adrenoceptors in the rat vas deferens and guinea-pig taenia caeci. AB - The effectiveness of WB 4101, a recently described alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, in blocking an excitatory and two inhibitory responses to alpha-receptor activation was studied. One of the inhibitory responses was the reduction by the selective alpha-agonist amidephrine of carbachol contractures of isolated guinea pig taenia caeci. WB 4101 antagonised this inhibition with a Schild plot slope of 0.99 and a pA2 of 8.9. The same pA2 value was obtained for blockade of the contractile effect of amidephrine and noradrenaline on the rat vas deferens. WB 4101 was, however, several hundred times less active in antagonising the inhibitory effect of clonidine on the twitch response of the vas deferens to field stimulation. Incidental observations were that the twitch was increased by low concentrations of amidephrine, and by relatively high concentrations of WB 4101. Because of its potency and postsynaptic selectivity, WB 4101 should be useful for adrenoceptor classification. PMID- 32053 TI - pH and temperature dependence of adenosine uptake in human erythrocytes. AB - Kinetic analysis of the saturable adenosine uptake in human erythrocytes suggests the existence of two saturable components, distinguished by different Km values (1.4 and 260 micron, respectively, at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C). Both components were abolished by p-nitrobenzylthioguanosine or dipyridamole. Total uptake was significantly higher at pH 8 than at pH 7 at adenosine concentrations above 2 micron. The increase in uptake at the higher pH was brought about mainly by an increase in the maximum rate of transport of the low-affinity uptake system. With rising temperature the Km and the V of both uptake components increased. No transition temperature was observed between 12 and 37 degrees C. PMID- 32054 TI - A difference in effects of physiological Ca2+ concentrations on activity of guanylate cyclase preparations obtained from the taenia caecum of guinea pig and from the longitudinal muscle of rat duodenum. AB - A cholinergic stimulant, butyltrimethylammonium bromide and serotonin increased the tissue levels of cyclic GMP in the taenia caecum of guinea pig but not those in the longitudinal muscle of rat duodenum. On the other hand, physiological Ca2+ concentrations enhanced the activity of a guanylate cyclase preparation obtained from the taenia caecum of guinea pig, while guanylate cyclase in the longitudinal muscle of rat duodenum was not influenced by Ca2+. The difference in the effects of the smooth muscle stimulants on the tissue levels of cyclic GMP in two different smooth muscles in attributed to differences in the properties of guanylate cyclase of smooth muscles. PMID- 32055 TI - Measurement of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in biological fluids using a radioreceptor assay. AB - A new assay for plasma levels of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists is described. The assay depends upon the ability of the drug to compete with a labelled beta adrenoceptor antagonist (-)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol for beta-adrenoceptor binding sites on lung membranes. The assay is simple to perform, very sensitive and does not require prior extraction of plasma. The assay can also detect bioactive metabolites of these agents and is clearly not limited to a single beta adrenoceptor antagonist. PMID- 32056 TI - Antagonism of central histamine H1 receptors by antipsychotic drugs. AB - The activity of 8 widely antipsychotic drugs as antagonists of central histamine H1 receptors was determined from the inhibition of the binding of 3H-mepyramine to a membrane fraction from guinea-pig brain. The phenothiazines examined, clorpromazine, fluphenazine, thioridazine and trifluoperazine, were all potent H1 antagonists. Both alpha- and beta-flupenthixol were potent inhibitors, but butaclamol, although less potent, showed stereospecificity. Haloperidol and spiperone were markedly weaker antihistamines than the phenothiazines. PMID- 32057 TI - Interaction of des-tyrosine-gamma-endorphin (DTgammaE, beta-LPH62-77) with neuroleptic binding sites in various areas of rat brain. PMID- 32058 TI - Antagonism of morphine-induced catalepsy by L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycinamide. AB - In view of the recently demonstrated extra-endocrine central actions of hypothalamic releasing hormones, we have investigated the effects of prolyl leucyl-glycinamide (PLG) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on morphine induced catalepsy. Although acute administration of PLG (10 mg kg-1 s.c.) slightly attenuated the cataleptic response, chronic PLG treatment (10 mg kg-1 s.c. for 10 days) virtually abolished morphine-induced catalepsy. TRH, administered subcutaneously, exhibited little or no anti-cataleptic activity. These results are discussed in relation to the possible central site of narcotic induced catalepsy and the therapeutic potential of PLG in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 32059 TI - Serotonin antagonists and central hyperthermia produced by biogenic amines in conscious rabbits. AB - Previous studies have shown that the hyperthermia produced by intracerebroventricular injection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to conscious rabbits was antagonized by cyproheptadine and increased by LSD. Other putative antagonists, i.e. cinanserin, methiothepin, 2-bromo LSD, methysergide and dimetiotazine are investigated in the present report. Cinanserin and methiothepin resembeld cyproheptadine, 2-bromo LSD had almost the same effects as LSD and methysergide exhibited a mixed pattern of action, being depressant or potentiating as a function of dose. Dimetiotazine had no specific action. Cinanserin, however, differed from cyproheptadine in selectively antagonizing and early component of the 5-HT rise, unmasking an important fall and leaving a late hyperthermic component unaffected, thus disclosing three distinct effects of 5-HT action. The cinanserin, methiothepin and methysergide antagonism of the 5-HT induced temperature rise was greater than the antagonism of the noradrenaline (NA)-induced rise. Methiothepin and methysergide inhibited both the 5-HT and DA hyperthermia; cinanserin--like cyproheptadine--was more effective on the 5-HT rise. The potentiation of the 5-HT temperature rise by 2-bromo LSD and methysergide was more developed than was the potentiation of the NA and DA rises. The effects of the drugs studied on 5-HT action argue in favour of the existence of several types of central 5-HT receptors. The dissociation observed between the antagonism to 5-HT and that to DA does not favour a mediation of DA hyperthermia by 5-HT; antiserotonin drug antagonism of DA hyperthermia is more simply accounted for by interactions at the level fo specific DA receptors. The potentiation of the 5-HT-induced temperature rise by 2-bromo LSD and methysergide might result from an antagonism of the hypothermic component. As with LSD, 2 bromo LSD and methysergide alone also produced hyperthermia, the origin of which is briefly discussed. PMID- 32060 TI - Effects of the unilateral nigral application of dopaminergic drugs on the in vivo release of dopamine in the two caudate nuclei of the cat. AB - The effects of the unilateral application of d-amphetamine, benztropine, haloperidol and thioproperazine to one substantia nigra on the release of 3H dopamine (3H-DA) in the two caudate nuclei were examined in halothane anesthetized cats. For this purpose animals were implanted with push-pull cannulae and 3H-DA was estimated in superfusates during the continuous delivery of L-3,5-3H-tyrosine. The nigral application of d-amphetamine (10-6 M) or benztropine (10-6 M) reduced the release of 3-H-DA in in the ipsilateral caudate nucleus and induced an opposite effect in the contralateral side. In contrast, the nigral application of haloperidol (10-6 M) or thioproperazine (10-6 M) slightly increased the release of 3H-DA in the ipsilateral caudate nucleus and induced a reduction of 3H-transmitter release in the contralateral side. These results emphasize the role of the dendritic release of DA in the control of the activity of dopaminergic neurons and confirm our previous findings concerning the existence of a reciprocal control in the activity of the two dopaminergic pathways. PMID- 32061 TI - Analysis of the action of 4-aminopyridine during repetitive stimulation at the neuromuscular junction. AB - 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) increased the quantal content (m) of end-plate potentials (e.p.p.s) evoked by continual stimulation (0.2--25 Hz) in frog end-plates depressed by Mg2+. The increase in m was due to an increase in the binomial parameter n. This was interpreted to mean that 4-AP increased the number of activated release sites. In junctions blocked by d-tubocurarine, 4-AP first increased and then decreased the amplitude of e.p.p.s. elicited during a train of stimuli of increasing frequency, indicating that 4-AP increased transmitter release more than mobilization. PMID- 32062 TI - Expertise trauma report. PMID- 32063 TI - Glutamine synthetase in the developing rat retina: an immunohistochemical study. PMID- 32064 TI - Responses of olfactory bulb neurones to the dipeptide carnosine. AB - Carnosine has been applied by microiontophoresis ot identified neurones in the olfactory bulb of the rat from solutions of different pH. Although mainly without effect when compared with conventional excitatory and inhibitory amino acids, the dipeptide tended to be depressive when ejected as a cation and excitant when ejected as an anion. The results obtained are not in favour of this substance being an excitatory transmitter in the primary olfactory pathway. PMID- 32065 TI - Effect of denervation on muscle glycogen synthase kinase activity. PMID- 32066 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: physical and chemical factors affecting the mechanical properties of the adult male musculature. PMID- 32068 TI - Factors influencing the distribution of 99m-technetium methylene diphosphonate in bone and soft tissues. AB - The influences of dilution, storage and pH on the distribution of 99m-technetium methylene diphosphonate (99m-Tc-MDP) in bone and various soft tissues have been investigated in the rat. The results show a marked departure from normality when large dilution factors and very acidic or basic preparations are used. PMID- 32067 TI - Glutathione peroxidase in dried blood spots. AB - A new procedure utilizing dried blood spots was developed for detecting glutathione peroxidase deficiency. Samples from a known patient with a partial defect and from rats with an induced deficiency were distinguished from respective control groups by their longer defluorescence endpoints. Samples from 100 patients with anemia and 2 phenyl-ketonuric infants on low-protein diets contained glutathione peroxidase activity similar to that in 82 controls, when screened for the enzyme defect by the new procedure. PMID- 32069 TI - Cholinergic and adrenergic innervation of the penis artery of the bull: transmitter concentrations and synaptic vesicles. AB - The penile artery of the bull contained significant amounts of acetylcholine, noradrenaline and dopamine, and its axon profiles contained either numerous small granular or agranular vesicles, as well as some large granular vesicles. In the dorsal metatarsal artery, only noradrenaline and dopamine were detectable, and the axon profiles observed contained numerous small granular vesicles. In the penile artery, the axons with small agranular vesicles, probably cholinergic axons, were in close contact with axons containing small granular vesicles. It is suggested that, in the penile artery of the bull, one of the functions of the cholinergic nerves is suppression of excitatory adrenergic neurotransmission. PMID- 32071 TI - Lympho-kinetics. Proceedings of the International Colloquium at Brussels (Belgium). PMID- 32070 TI - Swiss Society of Microbiology. Reports of the 37th annual meeting, Basel, 16--17 June 1978. PMID- 32072 TI - [Effect of pH on the stability of sodium salicylate solutions with caffeine sodium benzoate for injections]. PMID- 32073 TI - Mn2+ inside submitochondrial particles as a tool for studying the functional state of the mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 32074 TI - Inhibition of mitochondrial anion permeability by local anaesthetics. PMID- 32075 TI - Formation and properties of bacteriorhodopsin monomers in the non-ionic detergents octyl-beta-D-glucoside and Triton X-100. PMID- 32076 TI - Intramitochondrial phosphate is the source of protons in the response of liver mitochondria to cations. PMID- 32077 TI - The use of immobilized cibacron blue in plasma fractionation. PMID- 32078 TI - NADPH and H2O2-dependent reactions of cytochrome P-450LM compared with peroxidase catalysis. PMID- 32080 TI - The XVIth International Symposium on Laboratory Animals. Hruba Skala. April 1978. Section I: genetics of the Norway rat. PMID- 32079 TI - Transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow from thymus-deprived monkeys and certain characteristics of "graft-versus-host" cells. AB - Transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow both from normal and thymus-deprived donors (thymectomized lethally irradiated and restored with autologous bone marrow) was followed 6--7 days later by the appearance of large numbers of GVH cells in bone marrow and peripheral blood which were one of the characteristic features of acute GVHR. GVH cells isolated from peripheral blood 7 days after transplantation showed a high labelling index (about 30%) after 40 min incubation with 3H-thymidine. The prolongation of incubation failed to increase the proportion of labelled cells due to the low viability of GVH cells. The results obtained with T and B cell tests suggested that GVH cells had the properties of T lymphocytes: about 60% of the cells could form rosettes with non-sensitized sheep red blood cells; there were virtually neither Ig-bearing cells nor cells with receptors for C3 and Fc portion of Ig. PMID- 32081 TI - The XVIth International Symposium on Laboratory Animals. Hruba Skala. April 1978. Section II: the nude mouse. PMID- 32082 TI - [Hormone and metabolic profile in diabetic hyperosomolar coma. Plasma insulin response to intravenous tolbutamide (author's transl)]. AB - Fifteen patients with non-ketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma were investigated and compared with ketoacidotic patients. Basal plasma insulin levels were low in all patients (14.8 +/- 1.0 micronU/ml in hyperosmolar coma, 11.0 +/- 1.3 in keto acidosis), but insulin level increased after intravenous tolbutamide (between 30 and 105 micronU/ml) in eight hyperosmolar comas. Insulin showed no increase in seven hyperosmolar comas and in none of the ketoacidotic patients. In hyperosmolar coma plasma free fatty acids (1710 +/- 197 micronEq/1), triglycerides (3,4 +/- 0,4 g/1) and cortisol levels (49,7 +/- 9,0 microgram/100 ml) were increased, must as in keto-acidosis. Growth hormone (1,7 +/- 0,1 ng/ml) was normal, unlike the case in keto-acidosis. Plasma lactate concentrations were elevated and account for the frequent mild acidosis found in hyperosmolar coma. In spite of the low peripheral "insulin/glycemia ratio", the positive response to tolbutamide in half of the hyperosmolar cases suggests a less complete pancreatic deficiency than in keto-acidosis. The plasma high free fatty acid and triglyceride levels suggest that the lack of ketosis is not due to inhibition of lipolysis but could be a consequence of inhibition of hepatic ketogenesis. PMID- 32083 TI - A clinical study of maternal age and parturition in 2791 Tanzanian primiparae. PMID- 32084 TI - The incidence, complications and predictors of low birth weight. PMID- 32085 TI - Multiple spontaneous fractures of the pelvis and femoral neck during pregnancy. PMID- 32086 TI - Continued pregnancy after curettage and incidental tubal fulguration by laparoscopy: a case report. PMID- 32087 TI - Emotional reaction to interval and postpartum sterilization. PMID- 32088 TI - Ectopic pregnancy: an analysis of 153 patients. PMID- 32089 TI - Adjuvant progesterone therapy for stage I endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 32090 TI - Gartner's ducts: a radiographic demonstration. PMID- 32091 TI - Gonadotropic patterns in psychogenic amenorrhea. PMID- 32092 TI - A study of serum and urine osmolality values in pregnant Nigerian women. PMID- 32093 TI - Biophysical and biochemical analysis of semen in fertile and infertile Nigerian males. PMID- 32094 TI - The monthly injectable contraceptive: a two-year clinical trial. PMID- 32095 TI - Maternal mortality in south Iran: a seven-year survey. PMID- 32097 TI - Interruption of a severe hydrocephalic pregnancy. PMID- 32096 TI - Prophylactic clotrimazole treatment to prevent mycoses contamination of the newborn. PMID- 32098 TI - Primary liposarcoma of the cervix: a case report. PMID- 32099 TI - Postnatal formation of ovarian stroma and its relation to ovarian pathology. PMID- 32100 TI - The use of a Karman cannula and suction to manage a retained IUD with retracted thread. PMID- 32101 TI - Uterine arteriovenous shunt after removal of an embedded IUD: a case report. PMID- 32102 TI - Rectovaginal fistula: management by intravenous feeding and surgical repair. AB - Two patients, each with a large rectovaginal fistula, were managed successfully by intravenous feeding and surgical repair of their fistulae. Intravenous feeding eliminated the need for food from the gastrointestinal tract, thus minimizing the fecal flow. Both fistulae healed following surgical repair. Neither patient required a diverting colostomy. PMID- 32103 TI - Microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - There has been remarkable improvement in the early diagnosis of cervical carcinoma in recent years. There is, however, disagreement regarding the definition and treatment of microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. This review analyzes a large number of reports representing current opinion about the definition, diagnosis and appropriate management of early cervical carcinoma. PMID- 32104 TI - Laparoscopic sterilization with spring-loaded clip and tubal ring in postabortal cases--one-year follow-up. PMID- 32105 TI - Serum immunoglobulin levels in normal, premature and postmature newborns and their mothers. AB - Immunoglobulin (Ig) levels (IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD) were measured in 92 paired maternal and cord sera by the modified single radial immunodiffusion method. There was a progressive increase in mean IgG levels as the gestational age increased which reached a maximum of 1771 mg/100 ml in the postmature babies. The mean IgG level of infants of 32--36 weeks' gestation was lowest (1395 mg/100 ml). The maternal IgG levels were generally higher than those of the cord sera. The mean maternal IgG level (1773 mg/100 ml) was considerably higher than the corresponding level in the cord sera of the lowest gestational age group. Such marked difference was not present in newborns who were of normal gestational ages. The mean IgA and IgM levels of the cord sera were low. There were no significant differences between the mean IgA and IgM levels of newborns in different gestational age groups, even when their mothers showed variations in mean IgA and IgM levels. There was no detectable level of IgD in the cord sera. PMID- 32106 TI - Galactorrhea and the defective luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. AB - Twelve patients with primary infertility due to a defective luteal phase associated with hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea are reported. All were treated with 2-bromoergocryptine. During the first cycle of therapy, the serum prolactin level decreased in all cases, and galactorrhea disappeared during the second cycle of therapy. Seven women responded to 2-bromoergocryptine, as was reflected in their endometrial biopsies. The remaining five were given clomiphene citrate on the second and sixth days of the next 2-bromoergocryptine cycle. Three of these patients responded favorably to this combined therapy. Six pregnancies were reported during therapy. The results of follow-up after labor or abortion suggested that these cases represent a latent stage of the amenorrhea galactorrhea syndrome. PMID- 32107 TI - Pregnancy and labor in Tanzanian primigravidae aged 15 years and under. AB - The outcome of pregnancy and labor in 259 Tanzanian primigravidae 15 years and under is compared with that of 377 primigravidae between the ages of 21 and 25. The risk of antenatal complications, such as anemia, and premature labor and low birth weight babies was much higher in the younger age group. There was no difference in the incidence of preeclampsia or complications during labor between the two groups. The younger women had a lower perinatal mortality rate than the controls. PMID- 32108 TI - A comparison of socio-demographic and fertility characteristics of women sterilized in hospitals and camps. AB - Socio-demographic characteristics of 5846 women undergoing sterilization in hospitals and 1752 women undergoing sterilization in camps in India are analyzed. The average age of women accepting sterilization was 29.8 years; the mean number of living children was 4.2. Women sterilized in hospitals were of significantly higher age and parity than those sterilized in camps. The mean parity for all women was 4.6. A steep increase in median parity was observed with increasing age in both hospitals and camps. The study indicates that, while the level of education may affect acceptance of sterilization, there is no minimum level of education necessary for its acceptance. Most of the women in the study were not gainfully employed. As expected most of the women were Hindus. Muslims were underrepresented in the hospital series; in camps, however, Muslims showed a much higher rate of acceptance of sterilization. The rate of pregnancy wastage was significantly higher in the hospital and the child loss rate was significantly higher for the camp cases. While the rate of previous abortions was higher for low parity women, the child loss rate was higher for high parity women. The child loss parity ratio was significantly higher for the camps than for the hospital cases. The vast majority of women in both hospitals and camps reported no previous contraceptive practice. Sterilization appears to have been the method of choice for most of these women. PMID- 32109 TI - Tubal sterilization and ovarian perfusion: selective arteriography in vivo and in vitro. AB - To determine whether there are changes in the utero-tubo-ovarian circulation after tubal sterilization, selective arteriograms were taken in vivo every 0.3- 7.0 seconds with a Puck-type seriograph and also in vitro. A control arteriographic study was made. The operations performed were fimbriectomy and modified Pomeroy. The 30 patients studied were divided into two groups. One was formed by 20 nonpregnant women. The other ten patients were in the early puerperium. Arteriographic images with and without tubal sterilization were prepared, and the different techniques were compared. With the Pomeroy operations, the various tubal sites where surgery was performed were also compared. It was concluded that neither the modified Pomeroy sterilization nor fimbriectomy alters ovarian perfusion in either nonpregnant women or those in the early puerperium. PMID- 32110 TI - First trimester abortion by vacuum aspiration: interphysician variability. AB - This study compares the performances of four physicians using two types of plastic cannulae (flexible and rigid) for 1100 vacuum aspiration procedures. The criteria for assessing physician performance by cannula type were: (a) frequency of cannula obstructions, (b) amount of retained tissue obtained by sharp curettage after vacuum aspiration, (c) estimated blood loss during the procedure and (d) time required to perform the procedure. Data for each physician were compared and yielded significantly different results. The length of time required to use the cannula differed significantly among physicians; two of them had significantly shorter cannula times with the flexible instrument. The others had the lowest distributions of blood loss and the most difference between cannula usage. Consistent grouping over several variables suggests that differences in these criteria are more likely to be attributable to subtle distinctions in operator technique than to variations in equipment. PMID- 32111 TI - A comparison of the clip and ring techniques for laparoscopic sterilization of postabortion and postpartum patients. AB - The spring-loaded clip and the tubal ring techniques of laparoscopic female sterilization are compared for ease of performance, safety and effectiveness at the Kandang Kerbau Hospital in Singapore. The two techniques were randomly assigned to 299 postpartum patients and 300 postabortion patients. The assigned procedure could not be performed for two of the ring cases and three of the clip cases. Bleeding and equipment problems made laparotomy necessary in two clip cases and equipment problems caused a change in technique in the other clip case. Hydrosalpinx and adhesions were responsible for a change to laparotomy in the two ring cases. Surgical difficulties, chiefly the result of equipment problems, were significantly higher for both postpartum and postabortion clip procedures. Complications and complaints reported immediately after surgery and at the 7- to 21-day follow-up visit were low for all four groups. For both postabortion and postpartum patients, six- and 12-month data show that pregnancy rates are significantly higher for patients sterilized with the clip than with tubal rings. PMID- 32112 TI - Comparative IUD study: Lippes Loop D, Dalkon Shield and TCu-200. AB - A study was undertaken to look at the clinical behavior of the Dalkon Shield, the Lippes Loop D and the TCu-200 inserted by physicians and midwives. Differences among the three devices were not statistically significant, although lower expulsion rates and higher pregnancy rates were reported for the Dalkon Shield. No differences were observed between insertions performed by physicians and those performed by midwives; this emphasizes the efficiency of using paramedical personnel in the field of intrauterine contraception. PMID- 32113 TI - A comparative study of the tubal ring applied via minilaparotomy and laparoscopy in postabortion cases. AB - Sterilization with tubal rings applied via minilaparotomy or laparoscopy was performed on 300 randomly selected postabortion subjects to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the two surgical methods. One hundred and forty-nine procedures were performed by minilaparotomy and 151 by laparoscopy. Gas leakage due to equipment problems was the most common technical difficulty during laparoscopy, and difficulty in exteriorizing the tubes was the most common surgical difficulty. Women undergoing laparoscopy experienced significantly less pain during surgery and had significantly lower rates of immediate and early postoperative complications than those women undergoing minilaparotomy. The rates of gynecologic abnormalities at six and 12 months were similar for both procedures. At this writing, no pregnancies have been reported among the study subjects. The results of our study indicate that laparoscopy is superior to minilaparotomy when it is performed in a controlled hospital situation. PMID- 32114 TI - Radiographic abnormalities in patients with Stein-Leventhal syndrome. AB - Radiographic abnormalities in 254 patients with Stein-Leventhal syndrome are presented in a retrospective study of the six-year period from 1972--1977. Twenty two (8.7%) of the patients were found to have abnormal sella turcica x-rays, eight (3.2%) patients had abnormal hysterosalpingograms and five (2.0%) patients had abnormal intravenous pyelograms. In addition, three patients with an abnormal sella turcica had serum prolactin levels greater than 45 ng/ml, which should be regarded as evidence of a pituitary adenoma. These findings suggest that serum prolactin assays and skull x-rays with polytomography should be routinely performed on patients with Stein-Leventhal syndrome. PMID- 32115 TI - Systemic reactions with total dose infusion of iron dextran complex in obstetric patients. AB - Iron dextran complex (Imferon) total dose infusion (TDI) was used to treat iron deficiency anemia in 310 obstetric patients. Systemic reactions were reported for 13.5% of the group. Most (90.5%) of the severe reactions occurred during the test dose, while 66.6% recorded during or after TDI were mild. Antihistamine premedication included administration of promethazine hydrochloride to 104 patients and intramuscular and intravenous drip chlorpheniramine hydrogen maleate to 206 patients. Total systemic reactions were statistically greater with intramuscular promethazine hydrochloride than with intramuscular and intravenous chlorpheniramine maleate (p less than 0.001). On the other hand, the rates of severe reactions and reactions during the test dose were similar for both antihistamine schedules (p greater than 0.05). The incidence of all systemic reactions was the same for pregnant and postnatal women (p greater than 0.05), but severe reactions were more frequent among pregnant than postnatal patients (p less than 0.001). There were no fatalities. PMID- 32116 TI - Plasma concentrations of methylergometrine after intravenous and intramuscular administration. AB - The concentrations of methylergometrine (M) in the plasma were determined by a new radioimmunoassay after a single intravenous and intramuscular administration of two brands. Methergin (Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, Inc, East Hanover, NJ, USA) and Myomergin (Leiras Pharmaceuticals, Turku, Finland). No significant differences between the two brands were found. After the intravenous injection, M distributed quickly from the plasma to the tissues, and according to the elimination phase half-life M has no cumulative properties. After the intramuscular injection, M was absorbed quickly with peak plasma concentrations at one-half hour. PMID- 32117 TI - International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: development and activities. PMID- 32118 TI - The prevalence and persistence of group B streptococcal colonization among hospital personnel. AB - A prospective study was performed to determine the prevalence and persistence of group B streptococcal colonization among obstetric (high-risk) and nonobstetric (low-risk) personnel. Seventy-four individuals participated in the study and the following sites were sampled: throat, rectum, vagina (females) and anterior urethra (males). The overall colonization rate was 32.4% and no statistical difference was found between high- and low-risk groups. The most frequently recovered serotypes were type III (37.5%) and type II/Ic (33.3%). Individuals older than 30 years were more likely to carry type II/Ic, whereas personnel in their twenties were most frequently colonized with type III. The rectum was the most frequently colonized site (83.3%). The vagina/urethra was colonized in 62.5% and the throat in 8.4% of carriers. Twenty-three culture-positive individuals were recultured from all sites three to six months later and persistent colonization was found in 56.5%. There was no statistical difference in persistence between the high- and low-risk groups. Type III carriers tended to become culture-negative, whereas type II/Ic carriers were significantly more likely to remain colonized with group B streptococci. PMID- 32120 TI - Novel gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase isoenzyme specifically found in sera of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID- 32119 TI - The incretin concept today. AB - 1. The insulinogenic factor of the gastrointestinal mucosa named "incretin" is only one part of the complex enteroinsular axis. --2. Of the chemically defined gastrointestinal hormones GIP is the strongest incretin candidate. --3. Because of the dual function of GIP as gastrone and insulinotropic substance several safeguards against GIP-mediated insulin hypoglycaemia exist. --4. No pathological condition has yet been found which is causally related to hyper- or hyposecretion of GIP. However, an exaggerated GIP response (usually secondary to the disease) may participate in the pathogenesis of hyperinsulinaemia of patients with obesity and duodenal ulcer. --5. The injection of GIP antibodies only partially abolishes the incretin effect. Therefore, GIP, although important, is not the only incretin. PMID- 32121 TI - The pharmacology of labetalol, an alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent. PMID- 32122 TI - Effects of alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking agents on the biogenic amine stimulated (Na+-K+) ATPase of rat cerebral cortical synaptosomal membrane. PMID- 32123 TI - Histamine receptors in the gastric microcirculation. AB - The types and functions of histamine receptors in the submucosal arterioles of the corpus and antrum of the cat and rat stomach were studied using an in vivo microscopy technique. Change in arteriolar diameter in response to superfusion of histamine with and without antagonists was measured by an image-splitting technique. H1 and H2 histamine receptors subserving vasodilatation were demonstrated in both the antral and corpus submucosal arterioles of the cat and rat. However, the H1 effect was predominant in the antrum (the H2 antagonist inhibited histamine dilatation only in the presence of the H1 antagonist), while H1 and H2 effects were approximately equal and independent in the corpus. PMID- 32124 TI - [Presynaptic receptor systems in central noradrenergic neurons]. AB - Slices of rat occipital cortex, hypothalamus or cerebellar cortex were stimulated either electrically or by high potassium (in few experiments by tyramine). 1. Electrical or potassium stimulation elicit physiologically noradrenaline release in contrast to tyramine. 2. Stimulation-induced overflow of tritium, reflecting noradrenaline release, was diminished by a) alpha-adrenoceptor agonists, b) morphine and enkephaline, c) prostaglandin E1. The effect of agonists was abolished only by specific antagonists. Metabolism of 3H-noradrenaline was unchanged. 3. It is concluded that transmitter release from the noradrenergic neurones of several brain areas is modulated by drugs acting on alpha adrenoceptors, opiate receptors and prostaglandin receptors. In contrast to other tissues there was no evidence obtained for presynaptic dopamine, beta-, muscarine, nicotine and angiotensin receptors. It seems likely that the receptors, involved in the modulation of noradrenaline release, are located at the noradrenergic nerve ending themselves, i.e. that they are presynaptic receptors. PMID- 32125 TI - [Clinical and experimental histochemical studies on the activities of liver lysosomal enzymes and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of acute and chronic administration of D-Galactosamine (GalN), Ethanol and Phenobarbital were investigated on the activities of lysosomal enzymes, i.e.; acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and n-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase, and others such as gamma-GTP and adenosine triphosphatase. The histochemical distribution of gamma-GTP in the liver was also studied on biopsy specimens from patients with chronic hepatitis, and gamma-GTP levels in the serum of patients receiving drugs inductable of hepatic microsomal enzymes. 1) After a single intraperitoneal injection of GalN, the lysosomal enzyme activities were lowered in the necrotic areas, but raised in the perinecrotic areas, the proliferative Kupffer cells and intra- and/or extra-cellular eosine bodies. 2) gamma-GTP activities in rat liver after chronic administration of GalN were markedly increased in bile canalicular membrane of periportal parenchymal cells, the epithelium of bile duct and ductules, and som inflammatory cells of portal fields. Levels of serum gamma-GTP were also elevated. On histochemical studies with biopsy specimens from patients with chronic active hepatitis showing elevated gamma-GTP activity, the activity was revealed a similar localization to GalN-treated rats. These data suggested that the increased activities might be reflected on the active stage in chronic hepatitis. 3) Chronic ethanol treatment in rats induced clearly-stained lysosomes varied in size, especially large-sized. The activities of hepatic gamma-GTP were slightly increased in the bile canalicular membrane of periportal parenchymal cells and the epithelium of proliferative bile ductules. 4) It has been shown by histochemical and biochemical techniques that hepatic gamma-GTP activity was increased after phenobarbital administration in rats. A significant rise in serum gamma-GTP was observed in patients on long-term treatment with anti-epileptic drugs. These data indicated that the increased activities of serum gamma-GTP might be accompanied with induction of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 32126 TI - [A longitudinal study on the EEG abnormalities in schizophrenic patients treated with neuroleptics (author's transl)]. PMID- 32127 TI - 27. Konferenz der Gesellschaft fur Biologische Chemie. Membrane Structure and Membrane Transport. Held in Konstanz, September 14th and 15th, 1978. PMID- 32128 TI - The hospital and optimal chemotherapy in schizophrenia. AB - With some schizophrenics, response to antipsychotic drugs is best monitored in the hospital. They include dysphoric responders, those whose illness has been only minimally responsive to antipsychotic drugs, and habitual noncompliers with drug regimen. Dysphoric responses need to be acknowledged and regarded as a danger signal. Patients whose illness is only modestly sensitive to drugs are particularly in danger of psychotoxicity due to excessive dosage. Habitual noncompliers have little investment in staying well, and cannot be expected to bear even mild drug side-effects. PMID- 32129 TI - Psychiatrist-administrators examine their unique role, problems in a changing field. PMID- 32130 TI - Pharmacists expand their roles through clinical services. AB - This article highlights various educational forums that were held at the 13th annual Midyear Clinical Meeting of the American Society of Hospital Pharmacists. Among the areas covered by the article are justification for clinical pharmacy services, administrative considerations in a drug utilization review program, and the expanding role of the pharmacist in the emergency department. PMID- 32131 TI - Report of Blue Cross-Blue Shield conference: critics measure VE record; project other containment efforts. PMID- 32132 TI - A report on mosquitoes collected in the Krishna-Godavari delta, Andhra Pradesh. PMID- 32133 TI - A note on the tree hole breeding mosquitoes in Pondicherry town. PMID- 32134 TI - Ganglion and cholinergic blocking activities of some synthetic quaternised quinoline derivatives. PMID- 32135 TI - Doing something about high blood pressure. PMID- 32136 TI - Immunogenicity of gonococcal Gc2 polysaccharide: comparative studies with pneumococcal type III polysaccharide and Salmonella typhosa Vi antigen. AB - A plaque assay technique was used to assess the immunogenicity of a gonococcal cell wall polysaccharide (Gc2 antigen) in BALB/c mice. The Gc2 antigen was shown to be immunogenic, and the kinetics of the response differed from that of a pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III) and a polysaccharide antigen of Salmonella typhosa (Vi antigen). In addition, using antithymocyte sera, the T-lymphocyte dependency of these antigens was investigated. The immune response to the Gc2 antigen was demonstrated to be dependent on a population of helper T cells, whereas the response to SSS-III appears to be regulated by suppressor T cells. There appears to be marked differences in the immune response of mice to different bacterial polysaccharides. PMID- 32137 TI - Degradation of levan by Actinomyces viscosus. AB - Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987 was examined for its ability to hydrolyze its own levan. Washed whole cells and an ammonium sulfate fraction from cell-free culture fluids were shown to possess levan hydrolase activity. Analyses of reaction mixtures by gel filtration and thin-layer chromatography demonstrated that the product of levan hydrolysis was free fructose. The cell-associated and extracellular enzyme preparations also hydrolyzed inulin and the levans synthesized by Aerobacter levanicum and Bacillus subtilis. Growth of A. viscosus in media supplemented with 0.1% A. viscosus levan resulted in a 33-fold increase and a 7-fold increase in the specific activities of the respective extracellular and cell-associated enzymes when compared with those from 55 mM glucose cultures. Growth in the presence of 29.2 mM sucrose resulted in a 28-fold increase and a 5 fold increase in the specific activities of the respective enzymes when compared with those from the glucose cultures. The extracellular enzyme exhibited high activity over a wide pH range, with 87 and 89% of its pH 6.0 optimum activity at pH 5.0 and 7.0, respectively. The cell-associated enzyme also exhibited optimum activity at pH 6.0, but this was decreased to 10 and 20% at pH 5.0 and 7.0, respectively. Analysis for the presence of extracellular levan during growth of A. viscosus in sucrose broths demonstrated that peak levan concentrations occurred during the mid-exponential to late-exponential phase of growth followed by a rapid decline in extracellular levan as a result of levan hydrolase activity. PMID- 32138 TI - Bordetella pertussis does not induce beta-adrenergic blockade. AB - Bordetella pertussis organisms induce histamine sensitivity and diminish the normal hyperglycemic response to epinephrine in experimental animals. These effects have been attributed to beta-adrenergic blockade. However, under conditions in which the decrease in epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia after B. pertussis administration was demonstrable, there was no change in rat reticulocyte beta-adrenergic receptor number or affinity measured by iodohydroxybenzylpindolol binding or in isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. Therefore, there was no generalized beta-adrenergic blockade induced by B. pertussis. The observed effects can be explained by the hypersecretion of insulin resulting from B. pertussis administration. PMID- 32139 TI - Binding of cholesterol by Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The binding of [1,2-3H]cholesterol to Neisseria gonorrhoeae CS-7, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhimurium (smooth and rough strains) was investigated. The kinetics of cholesterol binding to N. gonorrhoeae CS-7 demonstrated that binding occurred slowly with maximum binding by 10 h. Under optimum conditions, a large percentage (65%) of the added cholesterol was associated with the cells. Chemical fractionation revealed that ca. 98% of the labeled cholesterol was associated with the cell membrane(s). The bound cholesterol was not esterified and was associated primarily with the cytoplasmic membrane. Intact gonococci bound 4 to 30 times more cholesterol than the deep rough mutant S. typhimurium TA1535, the wild-type S. typhimurium DB-21, and P. aeruginosa. In contrast, isolated cell membranes from all organisms rapidly bound cholesterol to the same extent. Therefore, the outer membrane can function as a permeability barrier to cholesterol. Cholesterol binding to both whole cells and isolated cell membranes was influenced by the incubation temperature. The rate of cholesterol binding by whole cells of N. gonorrhoeae decreased markedly at lower temperatures, with almost complete cessation of binding at 0 degrees C. A similar temperature effect on the binding of cholesterol to isolated membranes was not observed. Thus, the effect of temperature on the binding of cholesterol to whole cells was an effect not on the actual binding process but rather on the ability of the cholesterol molecule to penetrate the lipid domain of the gonococcal outer membrane. PMID- 32140 TI - Extractability of cell wall polysaccharide from lactobacilli and streptococci by autoclaving and by dilue acid. AB - Autoclaving cell wall of Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt for 15 min under the Rantz and Randall conditions released one-tenth of the total cell wall carbohydrate, whereas two-thirds was extracted after autoclaving for 180 min. The extract contained the serotype c-specific antigen but lacked the lipoteichoic acid component extracted when whole cells were autoclaved. Autoclaving cell wall preparations from other strains of S. mutans and also Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus mitis in 0.85% NaCl for 180 min released the major proportion of the wall polysaccharide fraction. Approximately 50 to 90% of wall carbohydrate of Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus casei was released when cell wall preparations were autoclaved in 0.85% NaCl for 180 min. For wall preparations from several strains of S. mutans, autoclaving for 60 min at pH 3.75 released only 39 to 62% of wall carbohydrate, whereas almost total release could be achieved with the lactobacilli. Heating S. mutans Ingbritt cell wall for 24 h at 60 degrees C in 0.1 N H(2)SO(4) released only two-thirds of the wall carbohydrate; by comparison nearly all of the wall carbohydrate was released in 3 h from L. casei and L. fermentum. Autoclaving L. casei cell wall and purified soluble wall fractions hydrolyzed the phosphodiester bond between the polysaccharide and peptidoglycan. This was shown by the release of reactive N acetylhexosamine in both cases and the presence of a phosphomonoester in the autoclaved soluble wall fractions. The results indicate that autoclaving can hydrolyze covalent linkages, and this must be considered when the Rantz and Randall procedure is used to obtain antigen preparations. PMID- 32141 TI - Proteolytic activity of Candida albicans: action on human salivary proteins. AB - The susceptibility of human salivary proteins to degradation by Candida albicans was studied. The organism was cultivated in either whole-salivary supernatant or parotid fluid, both of which were supplemented with glucose (0.1%). The culture pH's were at, or above, neutrality. After growth, the culture supernatant solutions were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for alterations in their profiles of salivary proteins. No evidence of proteolysis of whole-saliva or parotid fluid proteins was found. Salivary proteins, however, are susceptible to degradation by preparations of C. albicans protease. Candida protease was incubated with parotid fluid adjusted to several pH values. After incubation the reaction mixtures were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Extensive degradation of parotid proteins was found at pH 4, very slight proteolysis at pH 5, and no degradation at pH 6 or 7. No selectivity in proteolysis of the several parotid proteins was noted. These results indicate that C. albicans protease is strictly dependent upon low (ca. 4) pH for activity on salivary proteins. Furthermore, it is suggested that due to the pH requirements of the enzyme, it is unlikely to be of major significance to the pathogenesis of Candida-induced oral inflammatory lesions. PMID- 32142 TI - Phytohemagglutinin stimulation of enhanced immunoglobulin G production in mice inoculated with type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. AB - In BALB/c mice previously inoculated intraperitoneally with an immunogenic dose of the T-independent antigen type III pneumococcal polysaccharide, the intravenous administration of the T-cell activating agent phytohemagglutinin P causes a pronounced increase in the number and relative proportion of immunoglobulin G-producing cells. These results, detected by a modified hemolytic plaque assay, were supported by finding increased levels of serum immunoglobulin G anti-type III pneumococcal polysaccharide in the treated mice. A comparable stimulation of immunoglobulin G antibody-producing cells was not induced in phytohemagglutinin P-treated nude mice, indicating that the change in class of the predominant antibody is attributable to the activation by the phytohemagglutinin P of a T-cell population. Under the conditions of these experiments, phytohemagglutinin P also promotes a progressive suppression of the antibody-forming cells during the response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide. PMID- 32144 TI - Dissociation between clinical and exercise responsiveness to beta-blockade in angina. AB - Twenty outpatients with mild angina were prescribed placebo tablets b.i.d. for 7 weeks followed by acebutolol, a cardioselective beta-blocker, 200 mg b.i.d. for 21 weeks under single-blind conditions. One graded multistage treadmill test was carried out after each treatment period and an angina diary was filled daily for the 6 months of the trial. Attack frequency declined by 71% from 2.59 per week on placebo to 0.76 per week on acebutolol (p less than 0.05). Exercise duration on the treadmill increased by 56%, from 5.95 minutes on placebo to 9.32 minutes on acebutolol (p less than 0.001). A satisfactory clinical response (50% or greater decline in attack frequency per week) occurred in 15 out of 19 patients (79%; a 100% or greater increase in exercise duration on the treadmill was observed in 10 out of 19 cases (53%). Exercise responsiveness was well predicted by exercise duration on placebo (r = 0.91, p less than 0.0005), patients with the least initial tolerance being the most improved. Clinical responsiveness was not well predicted by initial exercise tolerance (r = 0.38, N;S.) or by the improvement in exercise tolerance (r = 0.33, N.S.). It is concluded that acebutolol substantially reduces anginal attack frequency even in patients in whom exercise tolerance is not significantly improved, at the dose of 400 mg/day. PMID- 32143 TI - In vitro cultivation of leprosy bacilli in hyaluronic acid-based medium. 2. Progress and developing concept of the role of hyaluronic acid suggested by culture and armadillo infection studies. AB - Progress is summarized relating to the verification, identification of M. leprae and understanding of the process of adaptation the pathogen passes through before in vitro growth takes place. It is recognized that hyaluronic acid apparently does not serve as a source of energy but the possibility is presented that it plays a role in the reconstruction of M. leprae cell walls made "leaky" by constant intracellular life. This apparently occurs, in culture, initially by the development of coccoid forms which after a period of weeks finally give rise to acid-fast bacilli. If these understandings are correct and the bacillary cell walls are vitated by enzyme and other action occasioned by intra-macrophage existence, then cell wall antigenicity may also be vitiated or altered by intracellular parasitism and restored by in vitro cultivation. The possible importance of this hypothesis in the understanding of immunologic responses in leprosy, and in the possibilities for therapeutic use and vaccine development are discussed. PMID- 32145 TI - Pharmacological studies of the detection of catecholamine neurons in the rat brain and changes with psychotropic drug treatment. Especially by fluorescent histochemical method. PMID- 32146 TI - Extramitochondrial protein synthesis in calf brain synaptosomes. AB - Isolated synaptosomes of calf brain cortex incorporated labelled amino acids into their mitochondrial, membranous and soluble proteins in an approximate ratio of 1:1:0.5 Synaptosomal protein synthesis was sensitive to ATP, noradrenaline, cycloheximide and puromycin, and together with mitochondrial protein synthesis, also to chloramphenicol, 2.4-dinitrophenol, KCN and hyperosmotic conditions. The absence of Na+ and K+ ions slightly inhibited both synaptosomal and mitochondrial protein synthesis. Using incorporated radioactivity as an indicator of synthesized proteins, the synaptosomal soluble proteins could be obtained in one large peak in gel and indicator of synthesized protein, the synaptosomal soluble proteins could be obtained in one large peak in gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and G-25, and in two components in disc electrophoresis on a 7% polyacrylamide gel. An approximate molecular weight was calculated for the synthesized proteins using known proteins as standards, giving 15000-35000 in the gel filtration eluant, and 27000 and 36000 in the disc electrophoresis bands. PMID- 32147 TI - Scintigraphy of the testes: a new method in the diagnosis of undescended testes. AB - A new method of scintigraphy of the testes using 99mTc--Na-pertechnetate is described. Eleven men without clinical features of testicular disease and 38 patients with cryptorchidism were examined. The results of the radionuclide investigations were confirmed surgically. Scintigraphy of the testes provides an opportunity to work out the indications for the particular type of the operation and management of the patients with cryptorchidism. PMID- 32148 TI - Adverse effects in maintenance therapy. AB - Adverse effects in maintenance therapy with neuroleptic drugs and lithium salts were reviewed with special emphasis on tardive dyskinesia. The possible teratogenicity of neuroleptics and lithium salts was discussed and the chromosomal abnormalities seen in patients treated with lithium salts described. PMID- 32149 TI - Therapy of extrapyramidal side effects, with particular reference to persistent dyskinesia and lithium tremor. AB - In 13 of 27 cases of persistent dyskinesia, treatment with amantadine, in an average dose of 300 mg, brought good to moderate improvement. In 14 patients who showed no response whatever, further treatment, with bromocriptine in doses raised gradually to a final daily dosage of 15 mg, was effective in four cases, though the improvement was generally only moderate. In more than 50 percent of the cases of initial tremor induced by lithium therapy, oxprenolol in daily doses of 160--240 mg produced good effects and moderate improvement was noted in a few further cases. In a series of 20 patients with initial tremor due to neuroleptic therapy, on the other hand, the same treatment proved unsuccessful in the majority of cases. This is the converse of the experience gained with the classical antiparkinson agents, which have proved more effective against tremor induced by neuroleptics than against lithium-induced tremor. PMID- 32150 TI - [Surgical management of hiatal hernia]. PMID- 32151 TI - The ocular hypertensive response following experimental acid burns in the rabbit eye. AB - Following application of 50 microliter of 2N hydrochloric acid to the rabbit cornea, the intraocular pressure rapidly increases and remains markedly elevated for up to 3 hr. The initial rapid increase in intraocular pressure appears to be the result of acid-induced shrinkage of the outer collagenous coats of the eye. The sustained rise in intraocular pressure is mediated in part by prostaglandin release. Increased prostaglandin-like activity, determined in the aqueous after an acid burn, was greatly inhibited by pretreatment of rabbits with indomethacin and to a much lesser extent by pretreatment with imidazole. Both indomethacin and imidazole essentially abolished the sustained elevation of intraocular pressure after an acid burn. Analysis of changes in pH and protein level in the aqueous implies that the stimulus for prostaglanding release within the eye is the penetration of hydrogen ions into the aqueous humor, with resultant intraocular trauma. PMID- 32152 TI - Clinical applications of beta adrenergic blocking drugs: a growing spectrum. PMID- 32153 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the Workshop on Molecular Genetics of the Mouse September 4-6, 1978 at the Institute of Ecology and Genetics University of Aarhus, Denmark. PMID- 32154 TI - The cytochemical localization of nucleotide pyrophosphatase activity in plant tissues using naphthyl esters of thymidine-5'-phosphate. AB - A cytochemical method for the localization of nucleotide pyrophosphatase activity in plants employing naphthol AS-BI thymidine 5'-monophosphate and alpha-naphthyl thymidine 5'-monophosphate as specific substrates is reported. Biochemical evidence for the validity of this method is presented and the synthesis of the naphthol AS-BI ester is described. The application of this cytochemical technique to shoots of Triticum sp. and roots of Vicia faba has shown nucleotide pyrophosphatase to be ubiquitous in its distribution in these organs and to occur in a structurally-bound form in the cytoplasm. The highest activity was detected in developing fibres adjacent to the leaf vascular bundles, in the coleoptile epidermal and hypodermal cells and in the coleoptile and leaf xylem. PMID- 32155 TI - A combined histochemical and biochemical study of myofibrillar ATPase in pectoral, leg and cardiac muscle of several species of bird. AB - Frozen sections of the pectoral, gastrocnemius and cardiac muscles from seven different species of birds were stained for myofibrillar ATPase and for succinic dehydrogenase. Several methods of myofibrillar ATPase were used including different pre-incubation treatments. Myofibrillar ATPases were also measured biochemically and the pH profile of the activity was compared with the histochemical staining following pre-incubation at different pH. Myofibrils from the different muscles were also subjected to sodium dodecyl sulphate acrylamide gel electrophoresis in order to separate the low molecular weight components of myosin. The results demonstrated that histochemical methods can be applied, with a reasonable degree of confidence, to classifying fibres in avian muscles although the classification used for mammalian muscles needs to be modified. They also showed that avian muscles, particularly the pectoralis, varies considerably between species and their mode of locomotion. PMID- 32156 TI - Morphometric analyses of the electric organ of Torpedo: the influence of different fixative modes on the vesicle diameter. AB - The influences of various fixatives on the vesicle size of the electric organ of Torpedo marmorate were investigated. Thin section and freeze etched preparations were examined under the electron microscope. In thin section increased vesicle diameters were observed compared with the freeze etched preparations. The same experiments in different torpedo fish led to significantly different vesicle sizes observed. Variations of the molarity, the pH and osmolarities result in particularly high differences in vesicle diameters. Using Karnovsky's method (1965) and a fixative consisting of 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.2 M cacodylate buffer, pH 7.2, results in vesicle sizes comparable to those reported by other authors. Results obtained from freeze etched preparations are not comparable in general with results from thin section experiments with the same fixative. PMID- 32157 TI - Proceedings of the Twenty-Second National Osteopathic Research Conference: part 4. Abstracts. PMID- 32158 TI - Pulmonary eosinophilia: review of the literature and report of a case. PMID- 32159 TI - Analysis of PCO2 differences during rebreathing due to slow pH equilibration in blood. AB - A quantitative analysis of the reaction and transport processes that occur in blood during and after gas exchange has been used to investigate mechanisms that might account for positive alveolar-mixed venous (A-V) and alveolar-arterial (Aa) PCO2 differences during rebreathing. The analysis was used to determine PCO2 changes that take place in blood as it travels from veins to arteries under conditions in which no CO2 is exchanged in the lung. The predicted A-V and Aa PCO2 differences are all positive and lie within the range of reported measured values. The differences are due to disequilibrium of [H+] between plasma and red blood cells, and to disequilibrium of the reactions CO2 in equilibrium HCO3- + H+ in plasma, as blood leaves the tissue and/or lung capillaries. The differences are increased with exercise and with continued O2 uptake in the lung, the latter due to the Haldane shift. We conclude that the two disequilibria and the Haldane shift contribute to the reported PCO2 differences in rebreathing animals but may not fully account for them. These mechanisms cannot explain any PCO2 differences that might exist during net CO2 elimination from blood in the lung. PMID- 32160 TI - Slow postcapillary pH changes in blood in anesthetized animals. AB - To investigate the hypothesis that blood pH and PCO2 continue to change after the blood leaves an exchange capillary, we used a rapidly responding, pressure insensitive, stopped-flow pH electrode apparatus. Arterial blood from an anesthetized dog or cat is drawn through the apparatus into a syringe. Syringe movement is then suddenly stopped. Temperature and pH of the blood in the electrode assembly are continuously monitored, both before and after blood withdrawal ceases. Hemolysis was reduced by coating all blood contact surfaces with silicone and fasting the animal overnight, anesthetizing it with crystalline pentobarbital sodium, and allowing it to ventilate spontaneously. After stopping withdrawal, pH of blood in the electrode chamber continued to change, rising 0.01 unit with t1/2 of 4.4 s. After lysed blood was returned to the animal to provide carbonic anhydrase to the plasma, no pH change was seen after stopping the flow. The small pH rise occurring in arterial blood in vivo is probably due in large part to disequilibrium of [H+] between red blood cells and plasma at the end of the pulmonary capillary, the equilibration process being rate-limited by the extracellular CO2 hydration-dehydration reaction. PMID- 32161 TI - Sensitivity of the carotid body to within-breath changes in arterial PCO2. AB - Respiration, sinus nerve chemoreceptor discharge, and carotid arterial pH were monitored in cats. Chemoreceptor discharge frequency showed oscillations that had a respiratory period when averaged over many respiratory cycles. These oscillations disappeared when pH oscillations of respiratory period were eliminated from the carotid arterial blood. The maximum sinus nerve discharge was associated with the most acid point of the recorded pH oscillation. Briefly increasing PCO2 by giving CO2-rich saline into the aortic root resulted in brief reduction in carotid arterial pH, and when this reduction occurred during inspiration tidal volume increased, even with a pH change no larger than the pH oscillations. However, increased chemoreceptor discharge could only be demonstrated when each pH change had twice the amplitude of the pH oscillations. Injections of fixed acid mixed with free carbonic anhydrase transiently increased chemoreceptor frequency, whereas injections of fixed acid alone had no effect. The carotid body is therefore sensitive to small rapid changes in arterial PCO2, and the pH electrode record indicates the size of the stimulus except when fixed acid changes are produced too closely upstream. PMID- 32162 TI - Mixing technique for study of oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium: a critical evaluation. AB - In the mixing technique for study of oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium, the O2 saturation (SO2) of a blood mixture is calculated from the volume ratio at which an oxygenated sample is mixed with a deoxygenated sample, and the PO2 in the mixture is measured polarographically. Any predetermined level of SO2 may be obtained by proper choice of the volume ratio. It is shown that the volume and oxygen saturation of the mixed samples are by far the most critical parameters in calculating SO2, and a method is suggested by which the volume ratio is accurately measured by weighing the blood samples before mixing. Other parameters that influence determination of SO2, e.g., the O2 capacity of the blood, are much less important. The method has been applied to establish the O2 dissociation curve in human blood, and good reproducibility and agreement with standard curves were obtained. Measurements in rabbit blood yielded similarly satisfactory results. The technique is particularly applicable to problems that require exact adjustment of SO2 to a predetermined value, such as determination of the half saturation pressure or of the Bohr effect at various levels of O2 saturation. PMID- 32163 TI - Temperature-induced changes in blood acid-base status in the alligator, Alligator mississipiensis. AB - Gas exchange and arterial blood acid-base status were measured in 13 conscious alligators, Alligator mississipiensis, at 15, 25, and 35 degrees C. Arterial pH decreased by 0.250 units (from 7.635 to 7.385) and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure increased by 11.4 Torr (from 11.8 to 23.2) as body temperature increased from 15 to 35 degrees C. No statistically significant changes occurred in arterial bicarbonate concentration. When OH-/H+ and alpha-imidazole were compared at each temperature, more variability was observed in OH-/H+, which increased from 8.7 to 12.0 as temperature increased from 15 to 35 degrees C. alpha-Imidazole remained essentially constant (0.76 at 15 degrees C and 0.80 at 35 degrees C). Body temperature increase caused marked increases in minute ventilation (VE), oxygen consumption (VO2), and carbon dioxide production (VCO2). The relative changes in these parameters resulted in a decrease in both VE/VO2 and VE/VCO2. The data of the present study are consistent with the concept that poikilotherms regulate their alveolar ventilation with changes in body temperature in order to keep OH-/H+ or alpha-imidazole constant. PMID- 32164 TI - Interrelationships between lactobacilli and streptococci in plaque formation on a tooth in an artificial mouth. PMID- 32165 TI - Comparative beta adrenoreceptor blocking effect of propranolol and penbutalol. Preliminary observations. PMID- 32166 TI - Clinical trials with beta-adrenergic blocking agents in angina pectoris. PMID- 32167 TI - Affinity chromatography of trypsin and related enzymes. V. Basic studies of quantitative affinity chromatography. AB - A detailed study of the quantitative affinity chromatography of trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4] is reported here. Frontal chromatography using an enzyme solution of very low concentration on an affinity adsorbent gave the dissociation constant of the enzyme-immobilized ligand complex (Kd). Kd values determined under various conditions enabled us to discuss in detail the interaction of trypsin and affinity adsorbents (mainly Gly-Gly-Arg Sepharose). The pH dependence of Kd was consistent with that of the interaction of trypsin and product-type compounds. The effects of changes in temperature, ionic strength, dielectric constant, etc., were also studied. The Ki values of soluble competitive inhibitors can be determined by analysis of their effects on the elution volume of the enzyme. The values obtained were in good agreement with those obtained by kinetic analysis. The present method proved to be useful as a general procedure to investigate the interaction of a protein and a specific ligand. PMID- 32168 TI - Crystalline reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-adrenodoxin reductase from pig adrenocortical mitochondria. Essential histidyl and cysteinyl residues of the NADPH-binding site and environment of the adrenodoxin-binding site. AB - Pig NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase was crystallized from pig adrenocortical mitochondria and its physicochemical properties were investigated. Pig NADPH adrenodoxin reductase is a typical flavoprotein. Its optical absorption spectrum showed peaks at 272, 377, and 450 nm in the oxidized form. The adrenodoxin reductase contained one FAD per mol. The molecular weight was 49,000. The isoelectric points of the adrenodoxin reductase and its complex with adrenodoxin were 5.3 and 4.6, respectively. Pig NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase, unlike bovine NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase, was found to be free of carbohydrate. The fluorescences of tryptophanyl residues and FAD of the adrenodoxin reductase were quenched by holo- and apo-adrenodoxins. The NADPH-binding site of the adrenodoxin reductase was examined by photooxidation and selective chemical modifications with diethyl pyrocarbonate and sulfhydryl reagents. The results indicate that a histidyl and a cysteinyl residue of the adrenodoxin reductase are essential for the NADPH-binding site. The circular dichroism spectrum of the adrenodoxin reductase showed negative ellipticity in the visible region. Spur formation was observed between pig and bovine NADPH-adrenodoxin reductases against the antibody to bovine NADPH-adrenodoxin reductase in Ouchterlony double-diffusion agar plates. The antibody did not interact with spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. PMID- 32169 TI - A D-serine dehydratase acting also on L-serine from Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - D-Serine dehydratase [EC 4.2.1.14] was purified from a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae 140-fold from crude extract with a yield of 5%. This enzyme catalyzed formation of pyruvate and ammonia not only from D-serine but also from L-serine, and also catalyzed the formation of alpha-ketobutyrate and ammonia from D threonine. Km values for D-serine, L-serine, and D-threonine were 2.8 mM, 20 mM, and 3.6 mM, respectively. Km for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate was 2.5 micron. The molecular weight was estimated to be 46,000 by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration and 40,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This enzyme was inducible by D serine. Induction by casamino acids appeared to depend on the presence of D serine. PMID- 32170 TI - Subunit structure of acetate kinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus as studied by hybridization and cross-linking experiments. PMID- 32171 TI - Partial purification and characterization of an enzyme involved in the formation of beta-aspartyl dipeptides in rat kidney. AB - The formation of beta-aspartyl-glycine from asparagine and glycine was demonstrated in the supernatant of rat kidney. The enzyme involved in this process was partially purified. Based on the properties of the enzyme reaction and the coincidence of purification rates of this activity and asparaginase, it can be speculated that the enzyme is a kind of asparaginase. Examination of the preference for beta-aspartyl donors and acceptors showed that asparagine and glycine were the preferred donor and acceptor, respectively. beta-Aspartyl dipeptides also transferred their aspartyl residues to amino acids. Amino acids other than glycine also accepted the aspartyl moiety from the donors. PMID- 32172 TI - Purification and some properties of three forms of glucoamylase from a Rhizopus species. AB - 1. Three forms of glucoamylase [EC 3.2.1.3] were simultaneously purified from a Rhizopus species by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and successive chromatographies on Sephadex G-75, DEAE-Sephadex, and CM-Sephadex, and were finally separated from each other by means of recycling chromatography on Bio-Gel P-150. The purification achieved was 3--4 fold from crude extract with respect to each glucoamylase; the yields of the three glucoamylases, designated as Gluc1, Gluc2, and Gluc3 in order of content, were 39, 7, and 0.4%, respectively. All the purified enzymes were homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, and ultracentrifugation. 2. The three glucoamylases were glycoproteins differing in both amino acid composition and carbohydrate content, but showed a common antigenicity in immunodiffusion. The molecular weights of Gluc1, Gluc2, and Gluc3 were estimated to be 74,000, 58,600, and 61,400, respectively, by sedimentation equilibrium and these values were verified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific activities of the three enzymes toward starch were in the opposite order to their molecular weights. 3. The three glucoamylases had the same broad pH optima in the range pH 4.5--5.0 and shared a common susceptibility to inactivation by heat, extreme pH, and such divalent cations as Hg2+, Pb2+, and Mn2+, indicating close similarity in enzymatic properties. PMID- 32173 TI - Direct fluorometric determination of a dissociation constant as low as 10(-10) M for the subtilisin BPN'--protein proteinase inhibitor (Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor) complex by a single photon counting technique. AB - It was found that an increase in fluorescence intensity at 340 nm is observed on the binding of Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor (SSI) with subtilisin BPN' in the pH range 6--10. The dissociation constant, Ki, of the enzyme-inhibitor complex was determined as a function of pH and temperature by direct fluorometric titration utilizing the single photon counting technique in the protein concentration range of 10(-9) M. Ki values as low as 10(-10) M could be obtained with reasonable accuracy by this high-sensitivity detection method. From the temperature dependence of Ki, it was found that the binding is endothermic, and is entirely "entropy-driven" in nature. The effect of pH on Ki suggested the participation of an ionizable group with pKapp = 8.5 in the binding. PMID- 32174 TI - Enzymic acetylation of nucleosome histone. AB - Rat liver chromatin prepared from purified nuclei catalyzed the acetylation of histones in nucleosomes at the same level as that of nuclei. The activity of histone acetyltransferase in chromatin was destroyed by heat treatment at 65 degrees C for 5 min. Histones in exogenously added nucleosomes also served as substrate for the enzyme. The sites of acetylation in the nucleosomes appeared to be in the trypsin-digestable N-terminal regions of histones H4, H3, and H2A, as has been reported in an in vivo system. PMID- 32175 TI - Purification and properties of an exo-cellulase of Avicelase type from a wood rotting fungus, Irpex lacteus (Polyporus tulipiferae). AB - A cellulase component of Avicelase type was obtained from Driselase, a commercial enzyme preparation from a wood-rotting fungus Irpex lacteus (Polyporus tulipiferae). It showed a single band on SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of this cellulase resembled those of cellulase components of endo-type from the same fungus. However, it produced exclusively cellobiose from CMC as well as from water-insoluble celluloses such as Avicel or cotton at earlier stages of hydrolysis. In addition, the hydrolysis of CMC practically stopped after an initial rapid stage. The cellulase showed a strong synergistic action with an endo-cellulase of higher randomness (typical CMCase-type) in the hydrolysis of CMC as well as Avicel. In contrast to cellotriose and -tetraose, cellopentaose and -hexaose were attacked very rapidly, and only cellobiose was produced. These results suggest that the cellulase is an exo-type component. However, it mutarotated the products from cellopentaitol in the same direction as endo-cellulases. it represented a relatively large portion of the total cellulase activity, and may play an important role in the degradation of native cellulose in vivo. PMID- 32176 TI - Purification and enzymatic properties of gamma-glutamyltransferase from bovine colostrum. PMID- 32177 TI - Bovine gamma-glutamyltransferases. Immunological identity and varying affinities for concanavalin A. PMID- 32178 TI - On the heterogeneity of catalase from goat liver. Purification and characterization. PMID- 32179 TI - Peptide bond synthesis catalyzed by alpha-chymotrypsin. AB - alpha-Chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.21.1] catalyzed the syntheses of peptide bonds with various N-acylated amino acids or peptides having aromatic or hydrophobic amino acid residues at the C-terminal position as carboxyl components, and amino acid derivatives, peptides or their derivatives as amine components. A neutral pH was most efficient and quite high concentrations of alpha-chymotrypsin and starting materials were required for synthesis. Four amine components, hydrophobic or bulky amino acid residues were useful at the N-terminal position. Stereospecificity was also observed at the N-terminal position of amine components. Peptide synthesis was not usually seen when the products were soluble in the reaction mixture. This could be partly overcome by increasing the concentration of either the carboxyl or the amine component to more than ten times that of the other. PMID- 32180 TI - Characterization of phospholipase A activity of beta1-bungarotoxin from Bungarus multicinctus venom. I. Its enzymatic properties and modification with p bromophenacyl bromide. PMID- 32181 TI - Bacteriorhodopsin induces a light-scattering change in Halobacterium halobium. AB - When suspensions of Halobacterium halobium are exposed to bright light, the light scattering properties of the bacteria change. This light-scattering response can produce a transmission decrease of about 1% throughout the red and near-infrared region. The action spectrum for the light-scattering response appropriately matches the absorption spectrum of bacteriorhodopsin. The response is eliminated by cyanide p-trifluoro-methoxyphenylhydrazone, a proton ionophore, and by triphenylmethylphosphonium, a membrane permanent cation. A mild hypertonic shock induces a similar light-scattering change, suggesting that bright light causes the bacteria to shrink about 1% in volume, thereby producing the light-scattering response. PMID- 32182 TI - Determination of antipsychotic drugs by gas-liquid chromatography with a nitrogen detector using a simple acetylation technique. PMID- 32183 TI - Evaluation of weighted discriminating power calculations as an aid to the selection of chromatographic systems for the analyses of drugs. AB - In toxicological analyses some chromatographic separations are more important than others. Two weighting methods for chromatographic data are described which incorporate the importance of particular separations into discriminating power calculations. The data were abstracted from a publication on the separations of acidic drugs on thin-layer chromatographic systems. When compared with non weighted discriminating power calculations, those obtained with the weighting procedure did not give any advantage. PMID- 32184 TI - Choice of thin-layer chromatographic systems for the routine screening for neutral drugs during toxicological analyses. AB - The efficiencies of fifteen thin-layer silica gel chromatographic systems for separating commonly encountered neutral drugs are compared. The discriminating powers of the systems are measured both individually and in combination. Chloroform-acetone (4:1) is found to be the best system. The combination of the ethyl acetate-methanol-ammonia (85:10:5) system with this gives the best pair of systems. A suitable sequence of spray reagents is also suggested. The chloroform acetone (4:1) system is recommended as the best system to use when screening for both acidic and neutral drugs. PMID- 32185 TI - Choice of thin-layer chromatographic systems for the routine screening for acidic drugs during toxicological analyses. AB - The efficiencies of fifteen thin-layer silica gel chromatographic systems in separating commonly encountered acidic drugs are compared. The discriminating powers of the systems are measured both individually and in combination. Ethyl acetate and chloroform-methanol (9:1) are found to be the two best systems. The combination of the ethyl acetate-methanol-ammonia (85:10:5) system with either of these gives the best pair of systems. Various sequences of spray reagents are also examined. PMID- 32186 TI - Simultaneous determination of atropine and its acidic and basic degradation products by mixed-column high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 32187 TI - Separation of penicillin and cephalosporin diastereoisomers by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 32189 TI - Diseases of connective tissue. Symposium organised by The Royal College of Pathologists delivered in London in February 1978. PMID- 32188 TI - Precipitate produced by Serratia marcescens on MacConkey agar: useful diagnostic test. AB - The production of a precipitate by Serratia marcescens on Oxoid MacConkey agar has proven useful as a laboratory diagnostic test. This phenomenon is specific for Serratia within the Enterobacteriaceae, although precipitate production is also given by Acinetobacter anitratus and some Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, and Aeromonas species. Precipitate production seems to be specific for certain batches of MacConkey agar, and is probably related to a specific property of some batches of bile salts. PMID- 32191 TI - Atherosclerosis--disease of old age or infancy? PMID- 32190 TI - Lysosomes and the connective tissue diseases. PMID- 32192 TI - New knowledge of the pathogenesis of gout. PMID- 32193 TI - Program and abstracts of papers: 57th General Session. International Association for Dental Research. Annual session. American Association for Dental Research. March 29-April 1, 1979. New Orleans (Louisiana) Marriott. PMID- 32194 TI - 56th AADS Annual Session. March 25--28, 1979. New Orleans, Louisianna. Abstracts of educational research and new program presentations. PMID- 32195 TI - Beta adrenergic agents--how much is enough? PMID- 32196 TI - Appraisal of ascorbic acid for acidifying the urine of methenamine-treated geriatric patients. AB - A study was made of 73 elderly patients receiving methenamine and ascorbic acid concurrently. Each patient had an indwelling Foley catheter. Urinary pH was assessed in relation to the dosage of ascorbic acid, duration of therapy, formulation, and dosing intervals for ascorbic acid and methenamine. Statistical analysis revealed a significant increase in urinary pH when the dosage of ascorbic acid was increased. No significant relationships were found between urinary pH and the dosage forms of ascorbic acid, the salt of methenamine used, or the duration of methenamine therapy. Changes in urinary pH at different dosing intervals for ascorbic acid were found to be significant, at the 10 percent level only, for the three-times-daily dose schedule. These data raise a question as to the value of ascorbic acid for acidifying the urine of catheterized patients receiving methenamine therapy. PMID- 32197 TI - [The value of measuring blood pH in fetal monitoring during labour (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a series of methodological studies carried out to assess the value of the place of measuring fetal blood pH in monitoring in labour. Comparisons of the measures of pH, pCO2, pO2 and lowering of the base were carried out on the scalp in the 3 minutes which preceded the birth and in the umbilical vessels at birth. Comparing the three modes of taking blood in the mother, intra-arterially and from the capillaries with and without local vasodilatation was carried out. The limits of the values were defined both for the fetus and the mother of the parameters of pH, pCO2, pO2 and base deficit in 100 normal deliveries. A study was carried out of their correlations with the Apgar score at 1 minute and with the arterial pH. A comparison of the two series of measurements was carried out on the vessels of the cord--arterial and venous. The results confirm the value of measuring pH for diagnosing the state of the infant during labour. PMID- 32198 TI - The Belgian Hand Group. PMID- 32212 TI - A kinetic study of the reaction between glutaraldehyde and horseradish peroxidase. AB - Horseradish peroxidase was reacted with glutaraldehyde under various reaction conditions. The reaction product was, in a second step, bound covalently to aminohexyl groups attached to Sepharose particles. The influence of pH, time and the concentration ratio of enzyme:glutaraldehyde on the reaction was evaluated. A first step reaction with 100-fold molar excess of glutaraldehyde to horseradish peroxidase at pH 9.5 for 2 hr at room temperature results in a high yield of conjugated enzyme with well preserved enzymatic activity. PMID- 32213 TI - Symposium on effects of modern work systems on human performance. PMID- 32214 TI - The effect of fostering nude mice with allogeneic mothers on subsequent mortality. AB - Mortality in nude mice fostered by allogeneic mothers was studied. The data failed to support the hypothesis that mortality was due to graft versus host disease resulting from the passage of immunocomponent cells to the young in the mothers' milk. It was apparent that there were significant differences in the ability of mothers of different strains to rear nude mice. PMID- 32215 TI - [The dental soldering by means of high frequency induction heating (author's transl)]. AB - The authors examined the methods of high frequency induction soldering, especially Loop-method, other than the gas flame soldering which was known generally. The details which was done are: (1) about the form of induction coil, and the relative places of the coil and restrative appliance, and some supplementary appliances of them. (2) about strength of soldered joints of Co-Cr wire using silver solder and Pd-solder, and observation on the corrosion of soldered-joints by the scanning electron-microscope. (3) about the comparison of the characteristics of Co-Cr wire by means of high-frequency induction heating and gas-flame one. (4) about the examples of soldering of porcelain crown-bridge and clasp wire attached on the dental cast, and possibility of soldering techniques of them on the dental cast. The authors found that the high frequency induction method was preeminent from the other method on the point of (a) the characteristic of heated wire, (b) the strength of soldered joints, (c) the easiness of operating of them, and (d) the possibility of soldering using the high-melting point of Pd-solder, and the soldering of them on the dental cast. Therefore we can enough respect the application on the dental area of this apparatus and this techniques of the high-frequency induction soldering. PMID- 32216 TI - Quantification of apoC-II and apoC-III of human very low density lipoproteins by analytical isoelectric focusing. AB - ApoC-II and apoC-III of human very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) have been quantified by analytical isoelectric focusing (IEF) between pH 4 and 6 in polyacrylamide gels containing 8 M urea. The isoelectric point of apoC-III0 is pH 4.93; apoC-II, pH 4.78; apoC-III1, pH 4.72, and apoC-III2, pH 4.54. ApoC-I is not found in the pH range between pH 4 and 6. Two minor peptides, apoC-IV and apoC-V, with isoelectric points of pH 4.61 and 4.44, respectively, are apoproteins not previously identified. The sensitivity (5--40 microgram) and reproducibility (+/- 8%) of this method allow quantitative analysis of apoC-II and apoC-III distribution in VLDL. PMID- 32217 TI - Concentrations of hydrogen ions, oxygen, carbon dioxide and bicarbonate in porcine follicular fluid. PMID- 32218 TI - Models for assessing the effect of toxicants on immunocompetence in mice. II. Effect of cyclophosphamide on the antibody responses to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide and tetanus toxoid in BALB/c female mice. AB - A mixture of antigens was used to detect alterations in immunocompetence. Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (S3) and tetanus toxoid (TT) stimulate different cellular components, and can therefore be used to assess different compartments of the immune mechanism. Cyclophosphamide (CP), a known immunosuppressant, had a potent effect upon the antibody responses to both S3 and tetanus toxoid. All doses of CP administered within 2 days of priming with S3 resulted in a dose related immunosuppressive action which persisted even after reinjection of S3. 300 mg/kg of CP given up to 14 days prior to or following primary immunization resulted in a marked suppression of antibodies to S3. Doses of S3 which were partially tolerogenic were made even more so by injections of CP. The effect persisted over a 96 day experimental period. CP also suppressed the formation a memory cells necessary for induction of a secondary-type IgG response to TT. The time of injection for maximum suppression was days 10 to 14 after priming. Therefore, the suppression must involve cellular mechanisms different from those responsible for S3 antibody suppression. In addition, there was a difference in the degree and persistence of the suppressive effect, since the suppressed animals were able to mount an immune response to subsequent injections of TT. Double injections of a high dose (300 mg/kg) of CP 4 weeks after priming completely suppressed the acquired immunity to both S3 and TT. Low and moderate doses of CP appeared to induce a mild augmentation of S3 antibody response when given 4 weeks after priming. However, an immunosuppressive effect occurred if the primed animals were reinjected with S3 or challenged with TT within a period of 2 days prior to or after receiving the CP treatment. Doses of CP, injected prior to challenge and resulting in suppressed tetanus antitoxin production, elevated the titers of specific IgE antibody. This class of antibody is associated with adverse hypersensitivity reactions. These data provided background for the development of models to assess immunocompetence in mice, based on a study of immune profiles following exposure to selected T-dependent and T-independent antigens. Such models may be used to detect potentially hazardous chemicals found in the environment of incorporated into foods, drugs, or cosmetics. PMID- 32220 TI - The major fraction of deoxyribonuclease activity from human urinary proteins. Purification and properties. AB - The major fraction of deoxyribonuclease activity from human urinary protein was purified 40-fold in about 14% yield. The enzyme shows an isoelectric point at pH 4.2 and has a molecular weight of 33,600+/-3,000. Optimum activity was shown at pH 6.8 in the presence of 12.5 mmol/l Mg2+ plus 1 mmol/l Ca2+. The enzymic reaction is inhibited by high ionic strength (greater than 300 mmol/l Na+). The purified enzyme readily hydrolyzes native DNA to oligodeoxyribonucleotides with an average chain length of 5.3+/-0.2 after exhaustive digestion. Therefore, this endonuclease may be designated as neutral deoxyribonuclease (deoxyribonucleate oligonucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.5). PMID- 32219 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyls: in vivo and in vitro modifications of cholesterol and fatty acid biosynthesis. AB - Aroclor 1254 (0.1 percent w/w) administered in the diet caused moderate to severe vacuolar degeneration of periportal hepatocytes, heptocyte enlargement, lipid accumulation, and necrosis of the liver. The incorporation of [2-14C]mevalonate into nonsaponifiable lipids was inhibited 18 percent and 26 percent after 14 days and 30 days, respectively. Biosynthesis of cholesterol from [2-14C]acetate and [2 14C]mevalonate was decreased by 51 percent and 31 percent respectively after 30 days, but no significant inhibition was observed after 14 days of feeding Aroclor 1254. [2-14C]Acetate incorporation into non-saponifiable lipids was 1.66 times greater in homogenates from Aroclor-treated rats than in those from control rats. Similar results were obtained when 3H2O, Mevalonate-14C, and acetate-2-14C were incubated in vivo. The conversion of [2-14C-A1acetate to fatty acids was decreased 43 percent by Aroclor 1254 (0.1 percent w/w, dietary) and 73 percent by Aroclor 1254, 500 ppm, in vitro. The in vitro incorporation of each [2 14C]acetate, [2-14C]mevalonate and [1-14C]isopentenyl pyrophosphate into cholesterol was inhibited by Aroclor 1254. There was no inhibition of the conversion of [1-14C]mevalonate to CO2, indicating that there was no inhibition of mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate anhydrodecarboxylase. Fatty acid synthase was not inhibited by PCB. Citrate cleavage enzyme was inhibited by Aroclor 1254. When ATP and citrate concentrations were varied, the Ki's were 5.3 X 10(-5)M and 11.5 X 13(-5)M, respectively. Acetyl CoA carboxylase activity was not inhibited by 1000 ppm Aroclor 1254 in vitro. Inhibition of citrate cleavage enzyme is a possible explanation for the observed decrease in fatty acid synthesis. There was an apparent diversion of acetate from fatty acid synthesis into the formation of non saponifiable lipids, accompanied by an inhibition of the biosynthesis of cholesterol per se. PMID- 32221 TI - Net charge and oxygen affinity of human hemoglobin are independent of hemoglobin concentration. AB - The dependence of net charge and oxygen affinity of human hemoglobin upon hemoglobin concentration was reinvestigated. In contrast to earlier reports from various laboratories, both functional properties of hemoglobin were found to be independent of hemoglobin concentration. Two findings indicate a concentration independent net charge of carbonmonoxy hemoglobin at pH 6.6: (A) The pH value of a given carbonmonoty hemoglobin solution remains constant at 6.6 when the hemoglobin concentration is raised from 10 to 40 g/dl, indicating that there is no change in protonation of titratable groups of hemoglobin: (b) the net charge of carbonmonoxy hemoglobin as estimated from the Donnan distribution of 22Na+ shows no dependence on hemoglobin concentration in this concentration range. The oxygen affinity of human hemoglobin was determined from measurements of oxygen concentrations in equilibrated samples using a Lex-O2-Con apparatus (Lexington Instruments, Waltham, Mass.). P50 averaged 11.4 mm Hg at 37 degrees C, pH = 7.2, and ionic strength approximately 0.15. Neither P50 nor Hill's n showed any variation with hemoglobin concentrations increasing from 10 to 40 g/dl. PMID- 32222 TI - Purification and properties of an NAD(P)+-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). AB - Crude soluble extracts of Methylococcus capsulatus strain Bath, grown on methane, were found to contain NAD(P)+-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Activity in the extract was lost on dialysis against phosphate buffer, but could be restored by supplementing with inactive, heat-treated extract (70 degrees C for 12 min). The non-dialysable, heat-sensitive component was isolated and purified, and has a molecular weight of about 115000. Sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis of the protein suggested there were two equal subunits with molecular weights of 57000. The heat-stable fraction, which was necessary for activity of the heat-sensitive protein, was trypsin-sensitive and presumed to be a low molecular weight protein or peptide. A number of thiol compounds and other common cofactors could not replace the component present in the heat-treated soluble extract. The purified formaldehyde dehydrogenase oxidized three other aldehydes with the following Km values: 0.68 mM (formaldehyde); 0.075 mM (glyoxal); 7.0 mM (glycolaldehyde); and 2.0 mM (DL-glyceraldehyde). NAD+ or NADP+ was required for activity, with Km values of 0.063 and 0.155 mM respectively, and could not be replaced by any of the artificial electron acceptors tested. The enzyme was heat-stable at 45 degrees C for at least 10 min and had temperature and pH optima of 45 degrees C and pH 7.2 respectively. A number of metal-binding agents and substrate analogues were not inhibitory. Thiol reagents gave varying degrees of inhibition, the most potent being p-hydroxymercuribenzoate which at 1 mM gave 100% inhibition. The importance of possessing an NAD(P)+-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase, with respect to M. capsulatus, is discussed. PMID- 32223 TI - Anaerobic transport of serine and 2-aminoisobutyric acid by Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - A membrane-bound ATPase detected in extracts of anaerobically grown Staphylococcus epidermidis was inhibited by a variety of compounds which inhibit ATPases in other organisms. Serine and 2-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) were shown to enter the organism via the same transport system. The transport of AIB, the membrane potential and the transmembrane pH gradient were partially or completely abolished by the same inhibitors and also by uncoupling agents and lipid-soluble ions. It is proposed therefore that this ATPase generates and maintains an electrochemical gradient of protons across the cytoplasmic membrane of S. epidermidis capable of driving AIB uptake. Studies of AIB-induced proton movements suggested that AIB enters via a proton symport mechanism. PMID- 32228 TI - Kleine-Levin syndrome with periodic apnea during hypersomnic stages--E.E.G. study. AB - A 33 year old male, suffering from Kleine-Levine syndrome associated with periods of apnea during the hypersomnic attacks, is reported. Ventilatory studies negate the Pickwickian syndrome. The E.E.G.'s recorded during the hypersomnic attacks and the apneic periods showed a direct correlation between high-voltage delta waves paroxysmal E.E.G. activity, and apneic period. Medications known to improve Kleine-Levin syndrome, in our case, had no effect upon the clinical hypersomnic and apnea periods, nor on the correlatives E.E.G.'s pattern and spirometric studies. Theoretical considerations let us assume that these paroxysmal E.E.G. patterns associated with apnea are NRem-sleep serotonin dependent, and have an inhibitory influence on the respiratory centers, by alternating the equilibrium between the catecholamines and acetylcholine activities. PMID- 32229 TI - Acid and alkaline phosphatases in a brain tubulin preparation. PMID- 32230 TI - Tyrosine hydroxylase activity in noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus after reserpine administration: sequential increase in cell bodies and nerve terminals. PMID- 32231 TI - Time course of the development of neurotransmitter synthesizing enzymes in the superior cervical ganglion and adrenal gland of the hamster. PMID- 32232 TI - A comparative study of pineal acetyl-CoA hydrolase and N-acetyltransferase activities. PMID- 32233 TI - The effects of chronic regimens of clorgyline and pargyline on monoamine metabolism in the rat brain. PMID- 32234 TI - Role of vitamin B12 and enzymes related to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in a methanol utilizing bacterium, Protaminobacter ruber. AB - A methanol-utilizing bacterium, Protaminobacter ruber, required cobalt ion or vitamin B12 as its growth factor, which could be replaced by succinate among various additions to the cobalt-deficient medium. The presence of adenosylcobalamin (adenosyl-B12)-dependent methylmalonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) mutase was demonstrated in the cell-free extracts of P. ruber. The specific activity of this mutase was not only fairly high in comparison with that reported with other organisms but also detected at a similar level throughout the cultivation period. The cell-free extracts of P. ruber grown on non-C1 compounds as a sole carbon and energy source also had methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity. Furthermore, the extracts of this microorganism catalyzed the reactions from propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA and from alpha-ketoglutarate to alpha-hydroxyglutarate. PMID- 32235 TI - Use of intraoperative esophageal manometrics in surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in pediatric patients. AB - Intraoperative lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressures and lenghts were measured in 10 pediatric patients requiring surgery for compications of gastroesophageal reflux. LES pressure changed significantly pre- and post-Nissen fundoplication (9.8 +/- 1.51 mm Hg vs. 32.8 +/- 2.68 mm Hg, p less than 0.001). LES length also showed a significant change (1.3 +/- 0.13 cm vs. 2.8 +/- 0.26 cm, p less than 0.001). One week postoperatively LES pressures were significantly greater than preoperative values (26.4 +/- 1.74 mm Hg vs. 15.6 +/- 2.64 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). Eight of 10 patients have been evaluated 6 mo post fundoplication. None has gastroesophageal reflux by acid reflux testing or water siphon barium esophagram. None of the 10 patients has had gas bloat syndrome during the follow-up period. PMID- 32236 TI - Content uniformity of potent drugs in tablets. AB - The type of distribution of low dosage drugs that occurs in batches of commercially available tablets has been examined. The uniformity of content of ethinyloestradiol tablets 10 micrograms B.P. from different sources, assessed by single tablet assay showed that three batches exhibited some positive skewness and one marked positive skewness. At the high level of dilution required, the mixing theory indicates that particles of drug must be very fine if acceptable content uniformity is to be obtained. Cohesion of particles impairs the efficiency of the mixing process. It is shown theoretically that unless the drug is dispersed into its component particles the shape of the distribution curve for the content of drug per tablet, in a batch of tablets, will be positively skewed. The relation between the tensile strength of the powdered drug and the degree of skewness of the drug content is also discussed. A positively skewed distribution for tablets containing a small amount of potent drug is unacceptable because this can lead to the presence of relatively large doses of drug in a single tablet. Where one unexpectedly high result occurs in the quality control of the content uniformity of tablets containing potent drugs it is suggested that sufficient single tablet assays be performed to allow the shape of the distribution curve to be assessed. A test for skewness should be included in compendial standards. PMID- 32237 TI - The effect of the photodecomposition of chlorpromazine on lecithin monolayers. AB - Chlorpromazine hydrochloride (cpz) is decomposed when irradiated with ultraviolet light, forming H+, hydrochloric acid, chlorpromazine sulphoxide and 2 hydroxypromazine. The order of the reaction (as measured by the expansion that is produced in a lecithin/cpz monolayer) varies between zero and about 3/4. The results have been used to explain some of the adverse side effects that are observed when patients are treated with cpz. PMID- 32238 TI - Gastric ulceration and the concentration of salicylate in plasma in rats after administration of 14C-labelled aspirin and its synthetic triglyceride, 1,3 dipalmitoyl-2(2'-acetoxy-[14C]carboxylbenzoyl) glycerol. AB - Triglycerides containing aspirin in place of one or more fatty acid residues of the molecule have been synthesized. Metabolism of the compound with the labelled (14C) drug residue introduced specifically into the 2-position of the triglyceride is reported. Plasma salicylate concentrations with this synthetic glyceride were determined and compared with those obtained with commercially available aspirin labelled with the 14C-isotope. Both compounds gave a therapeutic concentration of salicylate in the plasma after ingestion. The 1,3-di fatty acyl-2-aspirin glyceride was absorbed through the intestine as 2-aspirin monoglyceride, some 20% of which was transported through the thoracic-duct chyle and about 30% through the portal system. Whereas pronounced ulceration of the rat stomach occurred with free aspirin, the above fatty acyl glyceride of aspirin produced no ulceration. PMID- 32239 TI - The effects of a decarboxylase inhibitor, benserazide, on both thermoregulation and chlorpromazine-induced hypothermia in rats. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide (Ro4-4602) to unanesthetized rats produced alterations in body temperature which depended on ambient temperature. In the cold, hypothermia was brought about by a decrease in metabolic heat production. At room temperature, a dose-dependent hypothermia was preceded by a slight hyperthermia. The hypothermia was due to an increase in skin temperature (tail) and a decrease in metabolic heat production, while the hyperthermia was due to a decrease in skin temperatures (both tail and footsole) and an increase in metabolic heat production. In the heat, hyperthermia responses to benserazide were associated with decrease in skin temperature (both tail and footsole). Benserazide treatment produced no significant change in brain 5-HT content. Chlorpromazine-induced hypothermia was greatly enhanced after pretreatment of the animals with benserazide at room temperature (22 degrees). PMID- 32240 TI - The effect of PGE1 on peristalsis and on perivascular nerve inhibition of peristaltic activity in guinea-pig isolated ileum. AB - The effect of PGE1 on peristalsis of guinea-pig isolated ileum was examined using a modified Trendelenburg method to evoke and record peristaltic activity. PGE1 (14 nM, 0.11 microM and 0.56 microM) increased peristaltic activity of both longitudinal and circular muscle, mainly by increasing the amplitude of contraction. Preparations of ileum subjected to a 'minimal' peristaltic stimulus were more sensitive to the effects of PGE1 than were preparations subjected to a 'just-maximal' peristaltic stimulus. The inhibition of peristaltic activity caused by perivascular nerve stimulation was antagonized by 0.56 microM PGE1 but slightly increased by 14 nM PGE1. PMID- 32241 TI - Hypertension: its effect on the stimulated release of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the rat. AB - Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) concentrations have been postulated as providing an index of sympathetic nerve activity. Using a microspectrophotometric assay system, plasma DBH concentrations have been measured in emergent blood from autoperfused heart, spleen and mesentery of normotensive, deoxycorticosterone (doca)/NaCl-treated, Goldblatt (1 kidney) renal and spontaneously hypertensive rats following sympathetic nerve outflow stimulation. Changes in plasma DBH concentrations as a result of sympathetic nerve outflow stimulation rates of 1- 25 Hz for the mesentery and spleen and 1--4 Hz for the heart, were found to be frequency-dependent in all groups. Significantly greater amounts of DBH were found in the perfusate from the spleen (1--25 Hz) and mesentery (3--25 Hz) but not the heart (0.5--4Hz) of renal hypertensive rats compared with normotensive controls. Significantly greater concentrations of DBH were released from the spleen but not the mesentery in all hypertensive groups following high stimulation frequencies of 12 and 25 Hz. It is concluded that there is a relation between plasma DBH concentrations and sympathetic nerve activity. Furthermore, greater amounts of the enzyme are released from the spleen and mesentery of chronic renal hypertensive rats following sympathetic nerve stimulation. PMID- 32242 TI - Assessment of the neuroleptic potential of some novel benzamide, butyrophenone, phenothiazine and indole derivatives. PMID- 32243 TI - Early observations and their importance today. I. Diabetes in childhood, II. Theophylline in myasthenia gravis, III. Properties of cod liver oil. PMID- 32244 TI - Inhibition of leucocyte migration by salicylates and indomethacin. PMID- 32245 TI - Alterations in the vascular compartment with acute ethanol treatment. PMID- 32246 TI - Atropine manipulation of elevated cerebral dopamine turnover caused by haloperidol or substituted benzamide drugs. PMID- 32247 TI - Clonidine as an adenosine antagonist. PMID- 32248 TI - On the formation of 6-hydroxyindoles in rat brain. PMID- 32249 TI - Differential activities of some benzamide derivatives on peripheral and intracerebral administration. PMID- 32250 TI - Effect of chronic amphetamine administration on the behaviour of rats in the open field apparatus: reversal of post-withdrawal depression by two antidepressants. PMID- 32251 TI - The role of dopamine in sound-induced convulsions. PMID- 32252 TI - An effect of cannabis treatment in vivo on noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis in rat adipocytes. PMID- 32253 TI - Effect of phenobarbitone on the disposition of lignocaine and warfarin in the dog. PMID- 32254 TI - Increased intestinal absorption of insulin: an insulin suppository. PMID- 32255 TI - Solubility studies on ethyl cellulose used in film coating. PMID- 32256 TI - A new fluorometric method for simultaneous determination of penicillins and penicilloic acids. PMID- 32257 TI - The pH dependent absorption of propranolol and indomethacin by Parafilm, a stimulant of salivary secretion. PMID- 32258 TI - Common stereochemical features in anti-epileptic drugs: a reinvestigation. PMID- 32259 TI - Rauwolfia schueli as a potential source of ajmaline. PMID- 32260 TI - Tremor induced by S-adenosyl-L-methionine: possible relation to L-dopa effects. PMID- 32261 TI - Actions of propranolol on 5-HT receptors of snail neurons. PMID- 32262 TI - The adsorption of hydrophilic polymers at the liquid-solid interface [proceedings]. PMID- 32263 TI - The interaction of steroidal hormones with mucus glycoproteins [proceedings]. PMID- 32264 TI - The in vivo disintegration of hard gelatin capsules [proceedings]. PMID- 32265 TI - The effect of lubricant type and concentration on the bioavailability of frusemide from 40mg tablets [proceedings]. PMID- 32266 TI - Synergy and co-trimoxazole sensitivity [proceedings]. PMID- 32267 TI - Differences in antibacterial resistance related to differences in cell envelope structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia [proceedings]. PMID- 32268 TI - The implication of stearate mould release agents in the loss of benzalkonium chloride from ophthalmic solutions in polyethylene bottles [proceedings]. PMID- 32269 TI - Mutator and UV-resistance plasmids from incompatibility groups other than N [proceedings]. PMID- 32270 TI - Unusual patterns of antibiotic resistance from a clinically isolated R-factor [proceedings]. PMID- 32271 TI - Do R-factors affect the ability of host bacteria to compete for nutrients? [proceedings]. PMID- 32272 TI - The crystal habit modification of a tablet lubricant, adipic acid [proceedings]. PMID- 32273 TI - Diffusion of small molecules in poly-N-alkyl cyanoacrylates [proceedings]. PMID- 32274 TI - Recompression of tablets formed from direct compression bases [proceedings]. PMID- 32276 TI - Wet mass shear strength and tablet dissolution [proceedings]. PMID- 32275 TI - The effect of temperature on the tableting of powders [proceedings]. PMID- 32277 TI - Relationship between granule structure, process of manufacture and tableting properties [proceedings]. PMID- 32278 TI - The segregation of perfect powder mixes [proceedings]. PMID- 32279 TI - Interbatch variation in compression properties of Elcema G250 [proceedings]. PMID- 32280 TI - The effects of a dry-binder on tablet toughness [proceedings]. PMID- 32281 TI - Plasticization of cellulose ethers used in the film coating of tablets--the effect of plasticizer molecular weight [proceedings]. PMID- 32282 TI - Intramuscular formulations of fluphenazine and their duration of activity in the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 32283 TI - Biological activity of some commercial polyoxyethylene ethers in the goldfish [proceedings]. PMID- 32284 TI - The dissolution of hydrophobic drugs in media containing hydrophilic polymers [proceedings]. PMID- 32286 TI - Use of goldfish turnover time in predicting gastrointestinal absorption [proceedings]. PMID- 32285 TI - The influence of nonionic surfactants on the absorption of thiopentone by goldfish [proceedings]. PMID- 32287 TI - The influence of polyoxyethylene ether surfactants on transport of paraquat across isolated gastric mucosa [proceedings]. PMID- 32288 TI - The influence of some weak electrolytes on transmural potentials in rat small intestine [proceedings]. PMID- 32289 TI - Effects of the antiemetic drug domperidone on guinea-pig isolated gastrointestinal tissue [proceedings]. PMID- 32290 TI - A passive avoidance response in mice--the effects of phase-shift and chlordiazepoxide [proceedings]. PMID- 32291 TI - The effect of viloxazine hydrochloride (Vivalan) on food intake and obesity in the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 32292 TI - The incorporation and release of a dibasic drug from liposomes [proceedings]. PMID- 32293 TI - The interaction of phenothiazine drugs with phosphatidyl choline liposomes [proceedings]. PMID- 32295 TI - An effect of permeability asymmetry in single and layered films [proceedings]. PMID- 32294 TI - A simple impinger device for rapid quality control of the particle size of inhalation aerosols delivered by pressurised aerosols and powder inhalers [proceedings]. PMID- 32296 TI - An assessment of the Royco 225 particle counter for measuring inhalation aerosol particle size distributions [proceedings]. PMID- 32297 TI - Powder retention within a capsule dosator nozzle [proceedings]. PMID- 32298 TI - Quantifying agitation conditions in compendial dissolution tests [proceedings]. PMID- 32299 TI - Improving the stability of a product containing inter-reactive ingredients: a comparison of different approaches [proceedings]. PMID- 32300 TI - Multilayered syrup granules--a method for improving product stability [proceedings]. PMID- 32301 TI - A novel penicillin enzyme electrode [proceedings]. PMID- 32302 TI - Differential pulse polarographic determination of adrenaline at the glassy carbon electrode [proceedings]. PMID- 32303 TI - Photodegradation of solutions of the antitumour drug DTIC [proceedings]. PMID- 32304 TI - alpha-Hydroxylated triazenes: potential active metabolites of anti-tumour dimethyltriazenes [proceedings]. PMID- 32305 TI - Effect of lipophilicity of ionisable drugs on deviations from expected pH partition behaviour [proceedings]. PMID- 32306 TI - In vitro degradation rates of biodegradable poly-N-alkyl cyanoacrylates [proceedings]. PMID- 32307 TI - The variation of forward and reverse partitioning rate constants with lipophilicity [proceedings]. PMID- 32308 TI - Use of a physical multi-cell model to confirm theoretical predictions of biphasic structure-activity relationships [proceedings]. PMID- 32309 TI - The photostability of thiomersal [proceedings]. PMID- 32310 TI - Effects upon plasma glucose of inhibitors of 5HT uptake and their interaction with 5-hydroxytryptophan in producing hypoglycaemia [proceedings]. PMID- 32311 TI - Kidney function and blood flow in the experimentally diabetic rat [proceedings]. PMID- 32312 TI - Uptake of amphetamine by guinea-pig lung in vitro [proceedings]. PMID- 32313 TI - Lung accumulation of some beta-adrenoceptor antagonists [proceedings]. PMID- 32314 TI - The influence of hypoxia and hypercapnia on the cardiotoxicity of isoprenaline in dogs [proceedings]. PMID- 32316 TI - An investigation into the mechanism of the menopausal hot flush [proceedings]. PMID- 32315 TI - Digoxin plasma and myocardial level correlation in hypoxic dogs [proceedings]. PMID- 32317 TI - Permeability asymmetry in composite films of an acrylate-methacrylate copolymer [proceedings]. PMID- 32318 TI - A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model for absorption of oral paracetamol in man [proceedings]. PMID- 32319 TI - Spectrophotometric measurements against air as a reference [proceedings]. PMID- 32320 TI - The use of base line technique for the determination of optical purities using NMR and chiral lanthanide shift reagents [proceedings]. PMID- 32321 TI - The analysis of phenol and aromatic alcohols by second derivative UV-spectroscopy [proceedings]. PMID- 32322 TI - Surfactant ion-pair HPLC--a group contribution approach [proceedings]. PMID- 32323 TI - Analysis of methylxanthines by high pressure liquid chromatography [proceedings]. PMID- 32324 TI - Determination of six non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in plasma and urine by HPLC [proceedings]. PMID- 32325 TI - The detection of an epoxide intermediate by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [proceedings]. PMID- 32326 TI - Sensitive and specific photometric determination of N-ethyl drugs [proceedings]. PMID- 32327 TI - Sustained release potassium chloride products: in vitro-in vivo correlations [proceedings]. PMID- 32328 TI - Calculation of the partition coefficient of an unstable compound using kinetic methods [proceedings]. PMID- 32329 TI - A method for testing intestinal irritancy of sustained release potassium chloride preparations in animals [proceedings]. PMID- 32330 TI - Conductivity changes during enzyme inhibitor interaction [proceedings]. PMID- 32331 TI - The binding of some anti-inflammatory drugs to albumin as measured by circular dichroism [proceedings]. PMID- 32332 TI - The effect of azapropazone on the binding of warfarin to human serum proteins [proceedings]. PMID- 32333 TI - A pH effect on the macrocationic inhibition of pepsin [proceedings]. PMID- 32334 TI - Steric stabilization of suspensions, the adsorbed polymer layer thickness [proceedings]. PMID- 32335 TI - Barium sulphate in double contrast radiology: electrical properties [proceedings]. PMID- 32337 TI - Composition of the wrappings of an ancient Egyptian mummy [proceedings]. PMID- 32336 TI - Toxicity of sodium ascorbate and alloxan monohydrate to 3T3 mouse cells [proceedings]. PMID- 32338 TI - Three new seed lectins of Phaseolus L, species showing specifities within the ABO blood group-system [proceedings]. PMID- 32339 TI - Pharmacokinetics of salicylate after chronic dosing in man [proceedings]. PMID- 32340 TI - Chemical studies on Centaurium spicatum--the structures of "spicatine" and "kantaurin" [proceedings]. PMID- 32341 TI - The hydroxylation of tropane alkaloids [proceedings]. PMID- 32342 TI - The biosynthesis of tropic acid [proceedings]. PMID- 32343 TI - The biosynthesis of hygrine and tropane alkaloids [proceedings]. PMID- 32344 TI - Alkaloids of Papaver tauricola [proceedings]. PMID- 32345 TI - Study of the coprecipitates of some hypoglycaemic drugs [proceedings]. PMID- 32346 TI - Sterols and naphthoquinones from Diospyros gracilescens [proceedings]. PMID- 32347 TI - Technique for determining the delivery pattern of intravenous fluids from various types of container [proceedings]. PMID- 32348 TI - Aqueous cellulosic film coating of tablets [proceedings]. PMID- 32349 TI - The microcomputer as a teaching aid [proceedings]. PMID- 32350 TI - The effect of additives on the rheological properties of tracheal mucus [proceedings]. PMID- 32351 TI - The role of the human appendix in immunity to infections [proceedings]. PMID- 32352 TI - An ECD-GLC technique for the determination of paracetamol in human biofluids [proceedings]. PMID- 32353 TI - Crystal structure of procaine benzylpenicillin monohydrate [proceedings]. PMID- 32354 TI - MacDope--an interactive computer program for the simulation of pharmacokinetics in the human [proceedings]. PMID- 32355 TI - Techniques in plant cell and dispersion culture [proceedings]. PMID- 32356 TI - Comparison of two systems for the instrumentation of rotary tablet machines [proceedings]. PMID- 32357 TI - The release of a model low-dose drug (riboflavine) from hard gelatin capsule formulations. AB - The in vitro release of a model low dose drug, riboflavine, from hard gelatin capsules, formulated with a range of diluents, in the absence and presence of magnesium stearate (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0% w/w), has been assessed by a dissolution technique. Comparison of the values of the time for 50% of the drug content of the capsule to appear in solution T50, by analysis of variance, indicated that the type of diluent significantly influenced the drug release. Irrespective of the magnesium stearate content, the diluents could be ranked in the following order of effectiveness: Primojel greater than sodium bicarbonate greater than Avicel congruent to Dri-flo starch congruent to lactose greater than Emcompress congruent to kaolin greater than starch. Correction of the T50 values for possible adsorption of riboflavine onto the water insoluble diluents, using experimentally determined adsorption isotherms, altered the relative order of effectiveness of the diluents to Primojel greater than sodium bicarbonate greater than kaolin congruent to lactose greater than Avicel congruent to Dri-flo starch greater than Emcompress greater than starch. Comparison of the urinary excretion of riboflavine, after administration of capsule formulations containing lactose, Emcompress or kaolin as the diluent, to volunteers, suggests that the dissolution results not corrected for adsorption provide a better indication of the in vivo performance of the formulations. PMID- 32358 TI - An in vitro method simulating drug release from viscous eye drops in rabbit and man. AB - A method has been developed using a diffusion cell in an attempt to determine the drug release from viscous solutions under conditions simulating the blinking movements in the rabbit and human eye. Diffusion coefficients were determined at rest and at different velocities. For the solutions at rest, corresponding with the conditions at the surface of the rabbit cornea, the diffusion velocity decreases with increasing viscosity. When the solution is moved at a velocity corresponding to that of lachrymal fluid at the surface of the human eye, the influence of viscosity may be neglected. PMID- 32359 TI - A comparison of the cardiovascular effects of centrally administered clonidine and adrenaline in the anaesthetized rat. AB - Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of clonidine and adrenaline-induced hypotension and bradycardia in urethane anaesthetized spontaneous hypertensive rats. The hypotension induced by clonidine (3 microgram i.c.v.) was antagonized by pretreatment with the alpha-antagonists piperoxan, which also antagonized clonidine-induced bradycardia, and yohimbine. The hypotension and bradycardia induced by adrenaline (10 microgram i.c.v.) were unaffected by alpha-antagonist pretreatment, while beta-antagonist pretreatment with (--)-propranolol or metoprolol was effective against adrenaline but not clonidine-induced hypotension and bradycardia. Pretreatments with the histamine H2-receptor antagonists metiamide and cimetidine antagonized clonidine but not adrenaline-induced hypotension. These data indicate that different central mechanisms are involved in mediating the hypotension and bradycardia induced by centrally administered clonidine and adrenaline and do not, therefore, support the hypothesis that the hypotensive effects of clonidine (i.c.v.) are mediated by central adrenaline receptor activation in urethane-anaesthetized spontaneous hypertensive rats. PMID- 32360 TI - Long-lasting inhibition of angiotensin response in rats by depot administration of octanoyl-[Leu8]-angiotensin II. AB - Depot administration of a lipophilic angiotensin II (AII) antagonist was tested for obtaining prolonged inhibition of the pressor response to AII in rats. Intramuscular injections of 1.5 or 5.0 mg of octanoyl-[Leu8]AII (oct-LAII), in oil solution produced the same degree of AII inhibition either 6 h or 24 h after the injection. The inhibition was comparable to that expected from the continuous intravenous infusion of oct-LAII at the rate of 1.2 microgram kg-1 min-1. The prolonged effect of intramuscular injections of oct-LAII in oil solution may be useful for chronic studies of physiopathological states involving the renin angiotensin-aldosterone system. PMID- 32361 TI - Plasma corticosterone responses to stress following chronic oral administration of diazepam in the rat. AB - The effect of daily, oral administration of diazepam on plasma corticosterone responses to stressors of varying intensity was investigated. In rats exposed to the mild stress of noise, diazepam, 10 mg kg-1 but not 1.0 or 0.1 mg kg-1, reduced plasma corticosterone concentrations by 30% in comparison with controls. However, in rats exposed to the more severe stressors, foot-shock or immobilization, none of these doses of diazepam reduced plasma corticosterone responses. In unstressed rats, diazepam 10 mg kg-1 raised plasma corticosterone concentrations. It is suggested that plasma corticosterone concentrations are not a reliable indicator of the tranquillizing effect of diazepam during stress. PMID- 32362 TI - p-Chloroamphetamine-induced hyperthermia pharmacologically distinct from fenfluramine-induced hyperthermia. AB - The influence of various drug pretreatments upon the responses of rabbits to the putative indirect 5-hydroxytryptaminergic agonists p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) and fenfluramine were examined. In naive rabbits PCA evoked hyperthermia, behavioural excitation and prominent forepaw clonic activity, while fenfluramine produced only hyperthermia and behavioural stimulation. The hyperthermic and behavioural responses of both agents were reduced by the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, potentiated by the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, pheniprazine, and unaltered by the dopaminergic antagonist, haloperidol. Pretreatment with the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic receptor blockers cinanserin, cyproheptadine or D-2-bromolysergic acid diethylamide markedly attenuated the effects of fenfluramine but only slightly influenced the responses to PCA. Depeletion of central 5-HT stores with p-chlorophenylalanine also affected responses to fenfluramine more than responses to PCA. The tryptaminergic receptor blocker methergoline abolished both PCA-induced hyperthermia and forepaw clonus- but not behavioural stimulation--while the effects of flenfluramine were only partly reduced. We interpret these data to mean that PCA- and fenfluramine induced drug effects have different underlying mechanisms, the PCA responses relying possibly upon tryptamine while the fenfluramine responses are 5 hydroxytryptaminergic. PMID- 32363 TI - Comparative study of the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the striatum and hypothalamus of rat brain. AB - Stimulation by dopamine of adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rat brain striatum was enhanced in the presence of ATP (0.6--3 mM) and GTP (10--100 micrometer). The stimulation by dopamine appeared to be the result of its antagonism of inhibition of adenylate cyclase by GTP or higher concentrations of ATP. Stimulation of the enzyme by dopamine was also dependent on MgCl2, and was maximal at MgCl2 concentrations of at least two fold excess over ATP. While ATP did not inhibit adenylate cyclase in homogenates of the ventral hypothalamus, GTP (10--100 micrometer) significantly stimulated it. Dopamine stimulated the adenylate cyclase in the hypothalamus. This action was blocked by chlorpromazine (10 micrometer) and phentolamine (100 micrometer) but not by an analogue of chlorpromazine having no neuroleptic activity or by propranolol (100 micrometer). PMID- 32364 TI - Peroxide removal from non-ionic surfactants. PMID- 32365 TI - Interactions between amethocaine (tetracaine) and non-growing cultures of Escherichia coli. PMID- 32366 TI - Mechanisms of dihydroergotoxine's effect on prolactin release. PMID- 32367 TI - Effects of 5-hydroxykynurenamine, a metabolite of 5-hydroxytryptamine, on guinea pig isolated trachea. PMID- 32368 TI - Effects of chlorine substituents on the benzene rings of an analogue of the antipsychotic drug butaclamol on the interaction with dopamine and muscarinic receptors in rat brain. PMID- 32369 TI - Evidence for the existence of another type of histamine H2-receptor in guinea-pig ileum. PMID- 32370 TI - Effect of metiamide, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist on the clonidine-induced decrease in rat brain noradrenaline turnover. PMID- 32371 TI - Modification by harmaline of the effects of N-cyclopropyl-p-chloro-amphetamine on 5-hydroxyindole concentration in rat brain. PMID- 32372 TI - Metoclopramide reverses inhibitions of electrically-induced contractions of guinea-pig isolated ileum by anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 32373 TI - Benzodiazepines potentiate GABA-dopamine stereotyped dependent gnawing in mice. PMID- 32374 TI - Effect of a single oral dose of phenelzine on the tyramine pressor and ocular responses in man. PMID- 32375 TI - Plasma prolactin concentrations in hypertensive rats. PMID- 32376 TI - Oestrogenic activity of enoxolone in rodents. PMID- 32377 TI - Influence of L-glutamine on aspirin-induced gastrointestinal microbleeding in dogs. PMID- 32378 TI - Codeine impurity in ethylmorphine hydrochloride B.P.C. PMID- 32379 TI - A method to estimate binding constants at variable protein concentrations. AB - The association constants of the binding of chlorpromazine and imipramine to serum albumin at low saturation of the protein were determined by a new experimental approach with the protein concentration rather than the ligand concentration being varied. This approach is suitable for estimating binding constants in systems with one class of binding sites. In addition, the method is proposed to complement conventional binding studies of systems with two classes of binding constant with higher accuracy. PMID- 32380 TI - [Influence of the route of administration on the metabolism of a beta-adrenergic blocker, o-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-benzonitrile (bunitrolol) (author's transl)]. PMID- 32381 TI - In vitro studies on the metabolic activation of the pulmonary toxin, 4-ipomeanol, by rat lung and liver microsomes. AB - Rat lung and liver microsomes mediated the biotransformation of the pulmonary toxin, 4-ipomeanol, to an alkylating metabolite. The enzyme-mediated microsomal alkylation required NADPH and oxygen and was strongly inhibited by carbon monoxide, which indicated the participation of a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase. Other studies with inhibitors including pyrazole, piperonyl butoxide, SKF-525A, and cobaltous chloride, and with the inducers phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene, also were consistent with this view. The Km for the pulmonary microsomal alkylation pathway was more than 10-fold lower than for the hepatic microsomal pathway. There was no significant enzyme-mediated covalent binding of analogs of 4-ipomeanol lacking the furan moiety, suggesting that metabolic activation of the parent compound involves oxidation of the furan ring. Reduced glutathione prevented the microsomal alkylation by 4-ipomeanol, indicating the electrophilic nature of the alkylating metabolite. PMID- 32382 TI - Regulation by histamine of cyclic nucleotide levels in sympathetic ganglia. AB - An investigation has been carried out of the role of histamine H1- and H2 receptors in the control of cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP) levels in blocks of bovine superior cervical ganglion. The data suggest that activation of H1-receptors is associated with cGMP accumulation and that activation of H2-receptors is associated with cGMP accumulation. Histamine increased both cGMP and cGMP levels with similar time course and concentration-response relationships. Low concentrations of the H1-receptor agonist 2-(2-aminoethyl)thiazole increased cGMP but not cAMP levels. Conversely low concentrations of the H2-receptor agonist 4-methylhistamine increased cAMP but not cGMP levels. H1-receptor antagonists blocked the histamine induced increase in cGMP at low concentrations but blocked the cAMP increase only at substantially higher concentrations. Conversely, H2-receptor antagonists blocked the histamine-induced increased in cAMP but not cGMP. The effects of histamine on cyclic nucleotide levels did not appear to be mediated via the release of an endogenous neurotransmitter. The histamine-induced increase in cGMP appeared to be mediated through calcium: the increase in cGMP required the presence of calcium in the extracellular medium, and the calcium ionophore A23187 caused a calcium-dependent increase in cGMP. When considered with previous electrophysiological and biochemical findings in sympathetic ganglia, a correspondence can be seen: both histamine (at H1-receptors) and acetylcholine (at muscarinic receptors) raise cGMP levels and are associated with excitatory actions; both histamine (at H2- receptors) and dopamine raise cAMP levels and are associated with inhibitory actions. PMID- 32383 TI - Monensin potentiation of potassium contracture in cat myocardium. PMID- 32384 TI - Effect of pH on the response of adrenal medulla to various agonists. PMID- 32385 TI - Effects of drugs on regional brain concentrations of dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid. PMID- 32386 TI - Effects of antipsychotic and antianxiety drugs on the morphine abstinence syndrome in rats. AB - The effects of representative antipsychotic and antianxiety drugs on the abstinence syndrome in morphine-dependent rats were compared. Groups of 10 to 22 male albino Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) were individually implanted s.c. with either two 75-mg morphine base pellets or two placebo pellets. After 72 hr, chlorpromazine (CPZ 1,2 and 4 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg), thioridazine (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide (2,4 and 8 mg/kg), diazepam (DPM, 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg) or vehicle was injected s.c. 55 min before precipitation of abstinence with naloxone (1 mg/kg s.c.). Jumping was exacerbated by CPZ (4 mg/kg), chlordiazepoxide (4 and 8 mg/kg) and DPM (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg); haloperidol and thioridazine had no significant effect on this sign. Weight less over 1 hr was decreased by CPZ (4 mg/kg) and DPM (4 mg/kg). Wet-dog shakes were decreased by all doses of haloperidol but increased by chlordiazepoxide (8 mg/kg) and DPM (1, 2 and 4 mg/kg). CPZ (2 and 4 mg/kg) significantly increased the incidence of teeth chattering. Other abstinence signs were not affected in a dose-related manner. Although the antipsychotic agents each decrease dopamine availability at the postsynaptic receptor, this mechanism alone cannot explain their actions on individual signs of abstinence. Perhaps it is therefore time to question how modifying agents can be meaningfully compared in morphine-abstinent rats. PMID- 32387 TI - The effects of chronic beta adrenergic blockade on the relationship between plasma noradrenaline and systolic blood pressure in hypertensive man [proceedings]. PMID- 32389 TI - Effect of carbon dioxide on electrical communication between pancreatic acinar cells [proceedings]. PMID- 32388 TI - Biliary excretion of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the adult rat [proceedings]. PMID- 32390 TI - The effect of neuroleptic drugs on angiotensin- and carbachol-induced drinking [proceedings]. PMID- 32391 TI - Is there a link between in regulation of intracellular sodium and intracellular pH in mammalian cardiac tissue? [proceedings]. PMID- 32392 TI - Ca2+-dependent tension generation in chemically 'skinned' cardiac trabeculae: effect of pH [proceedings]. PMID- 32393 TI - Abstracts of papers for the Fifteenth National Meeting of the Reticuloendothelial Society. PMID- 32394 TI - Proceedings. International symposium on levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis. Universtiy of Antwerp, Belgium, June 23, 1978. PMID- 32395 TI - Presumed Dirofilaria immitis infections in natural mosquito populations of Connecticut. PMID- 32396 TI - Epithelia as hormone and drug receptors. A tribute to H. H. Ussing, on the occasion of his sixty-fifth birthday. PMID- 32397 TI - Action of extracellular pH on Na+ and K+ membrane currents in the giant axon of Loligo vulgaris. AB - Voltage-clamp currents and resting membrane potential of squid giant axons have been studied at extracellular pH varying between 4 and 10. The membrane currents, analyzed according to the Hodgkin-Huxley equations, showed that sodium permeability, PNa(E), and potassium conductance gK(E), curves were shifted toward positive voltages by different amounts and slightly depressed as the external pH was lowered. Under the same conditions, taum(E) and taun(E) were found to be enhanced and shifted to a larger extent in the same direction. The rate constants alpham and alphan were shifted substantially toward positive voltages, but betam and betan changed hardly at all. The shift of the alpham(E) curve was analyzed in terms of a fixed surface charge model; it indicates that unspecific negative groups with an approximate pKa of 4.5 are located in the vicinity of sodium active sites with an average charge separation of 8 A. A similar figure is obtained for the potassium system from the shift of the alphan(E) curve. PMID- 32398 TI - The mechanism of lactate transport in human erythrocytes. AB - Lactate accumulates in human erythrocytes stored at 4 degrees C in the presence of glucose. Efflux of lactate exhibits an activation energy of 22kcal/mole and is markedly stimulated with increasing medium pH. Lactate influx into erythrocytes that were depleted of intracellular lactate by incubation at 37 degrees at pH 8.0 was stimulated by decreasing medium pH. Under appropriate conditions the pH dependent lactate flux was insensitive to 4-acet-amido-4'-isothiocyano-2,2' disulfonic stilbene or 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic stilbene, inhibitors of the inorganic anion channel, while, e.g., inorganic phosphate transport was fully sensitive. These experiments as well as measurements of H+ movements associated with lactate fluxes demonstrate that lactate transport takes place via a specific monocarboxylate transporter (distinct from the inorganic ion channel) by a H+-lactate symport mechanism. PMID- 32399 TI - The two faces of the purple membrane. II. Differences in surface charge properties revealed by ferritin binding. PMID- 32401 TI - [French Urology Society. 71st Meeting, Paris, 9-13 October 1977]. PMID- 32402 TI - [Specific treatment of urinary bilharziasis]. PMID- 32403 TI - Characterization of Rauscher murine leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein receptor in membranes from murine fibroblasts. AB - Plasma membrane preparations from KA31 (mouse) cells contained receptors for the binding of Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV) envelope glycoprotein, gp70. This binding was demonstrated by gel filtration of a mixture of the microsomal fraction of the cells and 125I-labeled gp70. A rapid and convenient assay was developed to measure the complex formation between the membrane receptors and gp70 involving specific precipitation of the complex by 3 to 4% polyethylene glycol. The complex formation was responsive to the concentrations of both the receptor and gp70 and also to changes in temperature and pH. The gp70 binding was a noncooperative, saturable process, and an association constant of 3.5 X 10(8) M 1 was estimated from the binding data. The complex formation was reversible and a near-total exchange of 125I-labeled gp70 in the complex was achieved by incubation with excess of unlabeled gp70. The complex formation was inhibited by protein denaturing agents, guanidine-hydrochloride and urea. Pretreatment of the membrane fractions with either chymotrypsin or phospholipase C led to a loss of the membrane-associated receptor activity, indicating that a lipoprotein structure was important for the receptor function, consistent with the observation that nonionic detergents strongly inhibited the complex formation. PMID- 32404 TI - The pH of prostatic fluid: a reappraisal and therapeutic implications. AB - A basic assumption in all experiments on prostatic physiology, particularly those designed to study the diffusion of drugs into the prostate gland, is that the pH of human prostatic fluid is similar to that of the dog, that is pH 6.1 to 6.5. We believe that this assumption is incorrect. Our data indicate 1) the expressed prostatic secretion of most normal men is alkaline (mean pH 7.31), 2) with prostatic infection the pH of prostatic fluid increases markedly (mean pH 8.34) and, therefore, drugs shown to diffuse into the canine prostate may be ineffective in treating prostatitis in humans and 3) the increase in pH of the expressed prostatic secretion seen with infection is not simply owing to an increase in the relative concentration of alkaline seminal vesicular components. Biochemical markers of seminal vesicular activity (fructose and prostaglandins) showed no correlation with pH values of expressed prostatic secretion. Hence, it appears that the change in pH of the expressed secretion is owing to a real increase in pH of prostatic fluid. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. An appreciation of the profound variation in the prostatic fluid pH may be of importance not only in furthering the understanding and treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis but, also, of other prostatic diseases as well. PMID- 32405 TI - Spontaneous perirenal hematoma: a complication of polyarteritis nodosa. AB - Polyarteritis nodosa is a rare cause of perirenal hematoma owing to rupture of 1 of the aneurysms. Eleven cases have been reported previously in the English literature, including 5 with a preoperative angiographic diagnosis. Our case, which was diagnosed angiographically before a successful conservative operation, is the first report of a patient who survived 3 years. The pathology is discussed. PMID- 32406 TI - HLA and cardiovascular disease. PMID- 32407 TI - Nomenclature of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 32408 TI - Proceedings of XIII annual scientific meeting of the Council for the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) October 29, 30, 1977, Ehime-ken. PMID- 32409 TI - Hypotensive and vascular effects of labetalol in the normotensive rat and dog. AB - A new antihypertensive agent, labetalol, has potent hypotensive effects in the anesthetized rat and dog when given intravenously and also in the unanesthetized beagle when given orally. Labetalol slightly increased renal blood flow of the anesthetized dog while decreasing blood pressure. Labetalol slightly increased blood flow of canine femoral artery under constant pressure perfusion. However as compared with hydralazine, labetalol seems to have no marked vasodilatatory effect which accounts for its hypotensive effect. Pharmacologically, labetalol possessed both alpha- and beta-blocking activities, though weaker than phentolamine and propranolol respectively. Another specific action of labetalol was that it has stronger beta-blocking action on beta1 receptor (heart rate response) than on beta2 receptor (blood pressure response). Like several other beta-blockers, labetalol seems to block neuronal uptake of noradrenaline. PMID- 32410 TI - [Hexamethonium and ganglionic blocking agents]. PMID- 32411 TI - [Phentolamine, hydralazine and alpha blockaders]. PMID- 32412 TI - [Fluorometric method for measuring aminopeptidase. III. Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 32413 TI - Antimycobacterial activity of lecithin-cholesterol liposomes in the presence of phospholipase A2. AB - Tubercle bacilli were preincubated with lecithin-cholesterol liposomes to be subsequently exposed to phospholipase A2. After further incubation in the environment of acidic buffer, viable units in the final mixture were enumerated by inoculating the serial dilutions of an aliquot onto Kirchner agar medium containing horse serum in 5%. Another aliquot was used for lipid analyses to confirm hydrolysis of lecithin. In addition to this bactericidal type of experiments, bacteriostatic tests were also conducted with Kirchner semi-solid agar medium, into which liposome-treated bacilli were inoculated with the enzyme at a time. Various natural and synthetic lecithins different in constituent fatty acids were employed. The results indicated that toxic fatty acids released from lecithin acted to kill the bacilli or to inhibit their growth. PMID- 32414 TI - Purification of a nontoxic phospholipase A2 from the venom of Indian krait (Bungarus caeruleus). AB - A nontoxic phospholipase A2 was purified from the venom of Indian krait (Bungarus caeruleus) by a four-step procedure involving electrophoresis, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The recovery of the enzyme activity was 37% and the purified preparation was 38 times as active as the crude venom. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 12,500 and the optimum pH of 7.2. The enzyme showed higher specificity toward phosphatidylethanolamine than phosphatidylcholine. The preparation was not very labile to heat and its activity was dependent on the presence of divalent cations, calcium ions being the most effective activators. The enzyme was completely inhibited by iodoacetic acid but showed high stability against 8 M urea. Purified phospholipase A2 was nontoxic at an iv dose of 5 microgram/g mouse. The high specific activity, the high yield and the nontoxic nature of the enzyme indicate that the major form of phospholipase A2 in Bungarus caeruleus venom is not associated with any toxicity and has properties somewhat similar to that of phospholipase A2 from some other venoms. PMID- 32415 TI - Relationship between gastric secretion and serum gastrin levels in dogs anesthetized with morphine and urethane. AB - The serum levels of immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) and secretion of gastric juice were simultaneously determined in dogs anesthetized with morphine and urethane. There was a significant positive linear correlation between secretion and serum IRG level in these dogs. Serum IRG level and gastric secretion were reduced by bilateral vagotomy at the neck. The amount of gastric juice was reduced dose dependently by an intravenous injection of atropine (0.001--0.016 mg/kg), hexamethonium (0.064--1 mg/kg) and secretin (2--8 U/kg). The reduction of gastric secretion paralleled that of the serum IRG level. However, the reduction of gastric secretion did not parallel that of serum IRG level under the influence of prostaglandin E1 (0.002--0.008 mg/kg i.v.) and duodenal acidification. Prostaglandin E1 and duodenal acidification reduced gastric secretion without the reducing serum IRG level. These findings were discussed in relation to the mechanism of gastric juice stimulation by morphine, and it is suggested that endogenous gastrin release through the vagal and non-vagal pathways participates in morphine-induced gastric secretion. The difference in inhibitory effect between duodenal acidification and secretin suggests the possibility that substances other than secretin may participate in the regulation of gastric secretion in dogs. PMID- 32416 TI - Antiarrhythmic effect of oxprenolol on halothane-epinephrine and coronary ligation induced ventricular arrhythmias in beagle dogs. AB - Antiarrhythmic effects of oxprenolol, a beta-blocker, were studied quantitatively on arhythmias produced by epinephrine during halothane anesthesia and by two stage coronary ligation, and were compared to those of other beta-blockers, propranolol and Ko 1400, which have been already reported. Though oxprenolol has potent beta-blocking activity, the antiarrhythmic effect on halothane-epinephrine arrhythmia was significantly weaker than those of propranolol and Ko 1400. The effective dose of oxprenolol was 60 +/- 18 microgram/kg (mean +/- S.E., N = 6), which is in the range of the so-called beta-adrenergic blocking dose. The weaker antiarrhythmic effect of oxprenolol as compared to propranolol and Ko 1400 is probably due to the intrinsic positive chronotropic effect, which is most clearly observed in oxprenolol as compared to the other two drugs. As for two-stage coronary ligation arrhythmia, oxprenolol suppressed only that observed 48 hours after coronary ligation using higher doses (5 to 10 mg/kg). Other beta-blockers also showed similar effects. Because of the high doses necessary for the antiarrhythmic effects on the coronary ligation arrhythmia, the mechanism for suppressing the arrhythmia is probably due to the local anesthetic action of the beta-blockers. PMID- 32417 TI - On the histamine receptor of the canine myocardium and coronary vasculature. PMID- 32418 TI - Cardiovascular actions of optical isomers of propranolol. AB - Effects of the optical isomers of propranolol on blood pressure in the rat, and in the spinal rat during adrenaline infusion were studied to investigate the mechanism of the pressor action of propranolol. Both isomers of propranolol produced a sustained pressor action in the rat and in the spinal rat infused with adrenaline. The magnitude of the pressor action produced by the d- and 1 propranolol was proportional to their beta-adrenoceptor blocking activities in the heart as was reported by several investigators. It is concluded that the pressor action of propranolol is due to the blockade of the beta-adrenoceptors mediating vasodilation in the skeletal muscle vascular beds. PMID- 32419 TI - [Psychosomatic obstetrics; 5th International Congress in Rome]. PMID- 32420 TI - [Physiology of lactation and weaning. II]. PMID- 32421 TI - [Greetings from the International Congress of Midwives]. PMID- 32422 TI - [Finnish Duodecimin Society of Medical Practitioners, anniversary symposium]. PMID- 32423 TI - [The International Congress on Gerontology]. PMID- 32424 TI - [Phenomenon of the "stone heart"]. PMID- 32425 TI - Symposium on metabolism and growth in children with kidney disease. PMID- 32426 TI - [Rhine-Main Society of Ophthalmologists. 50th meeting on 22 and 23 October 1977 in Frankfurt a. M]. PMID- 32428 TI - Symposium: Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and hypertension. PMID- 32427 TI - [Pharmaco-kinetic aspects of protein-binding (author's transl)]. AB - Binding of drugs to plasma proteins will influence distribution and elimination especially if factors interfere altering the extent of binding. These factors are: dependence on species, age, H+-concentration, speed of i.v. injection or the interaction of another drug for instance. Considering the quantitative aspects changes in binding to the plasma proteins will turn only then relevant to drug action if the extent of alteration is very large or the drugs are bound to a very high degree. But the scene changes completely if the binding to other proteins of the organism is considered. Experimental results concerning the binding of drugs to hemoglobin and muscle tissue suggest that this kind of binding is possibly more effective in pharmacokinetics than binding to plasma proteins. PMID- 32429 TI - Sympathetic vascular tone in spontaneous hypertension of rats. PMID- 32430 TI - [3H] Dihydroergonine binding to alpha-adrenergic receptors in human platelets. PMID- 32431 TI - Organotoxic effects of excessive doses of sodium nitroprusside in the rabbit. AB - The simultaneous iv. infusion in conscious rabbits of 7.5 mg/kg.h sodium nitroprusside (SNP) plus sodium thiosulfate in the molar ratios 1:5 or 1:10, respectively, for 4 h produced perilobular necroses of liver cells. 21 days after the infusion, regeneration of the damaged cells was complete. No histological changes were found in various other organs after this high dose of SNP. No signs of liver toxicity were found in rabbits that had received 0.75 mg/kg.h SNP for 8 h daily during a period of 5 consecutive days. This dose was in the range of SNP doses recommended for clinical use in human patients. Nevertheless we suggest that apart from the thiocyanate plasma levels, also the GOT, GPT, and gamma-GT concentrations in blood be controlled, especially when high doses of SNP are to be given for prolonged periods in order to exclude possible hepatotoxic effects of SNP. PMID- 32432 TI - Compounds in the urinary pH 1 extract reacting with corticosteroid and tetrahydrocorticosteroid antisera. Separation of a nonpolar substance with affinity to a tetrahydroaldosterone antiserum. AB - In human urinary pH 1 extracts prepared for the aldosterone-18-glucuronide estimation, several other substances are present, crossreacting not only with aldosterone antisera, but also with various corticosteroid and tetrahydrocorticosteroid antisera. Aldosterone was measured before and after chromatographic purification. Further characterization of the non-aldosterone immunoreactive material was made by immunological analysis of paper chromatogram eluats. Pregnancy, and administration of ACTH, dexamethasone, and metopirone led to a change of excretion in the antigenic equivalents. A method for the separation of the antigenic material is described. For structural elucidation the gaschromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was applied. PMID- 32433 TI - Humoral and neurohormonal aspects of blood pressure regulation: focus on angiotensin. AB - Angiotensin circulates in the blood as a hormone. Its main target organs are vascular smooth muscle, adrenal gland and the kidney. Hormonal angiotensin increases blood pressure by its vasoconstrictor action, by stimulation of aldosterone secretion and subsequent sodium and water retention, and by the stimulation of catecholamine release. Circulating plasma angiotensin also effects brain mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. In addition to this hormonal function, angiotensin is present in the brain as part of an endogenous brain renin-angiotensin system. Brain angiotensin is not secreted into the blood and can be considered a neurohormone with local function. A role of brain angiotensin in the maintenance of high blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats has been demonstrated. Circulating plasma angiotensin appears to influence brain renin levels and vice versa. Stimulation of specific areas in the brain known to be involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, stimulate renin secretion from the kidney. The renin-angiotensin system can therefore serve as an example for the intimate interrelationship between humoral and neurohumoral mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. PMID- 32434 TI - Effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agents on peripheral vascular resistance. AB - The effects of the beta-adrenergic blocking agents propranolol, pindolol, atenolol, bunitrolol, and methypranol on the vascular resistance of isolated perfused hindlimbs of rats were investigated. At concentrations of 0.01 microgram/ml in the perfusate dl-propranolol and pindolol significantly increased vascular resistance by blockade of beta2-receptor mediated vasodilatation, whereas atenolol, bunitrolol and methypranol had no effect on peripheral resistance at this concentration. With increasing concentrations up to 10 microgram/ml all drugs, with the exception of atenolol, caused vasodilatation. We conclude that the specificity of beta-blocking agents can be established in the isolated perfused hindlimb vasculature of rats through its effect on vascular resistance. The lack of inhibition of vascular beta2-receptors at low concentrations of atenolol and also bunitrolol and methypranol show relative selectivity for beta1-receptors. The differential effects of beta-adrenergic agents on vascular resistance may have significance for the clinical use of the drugs. PMID- 32435 TI - The isolation of carbon dioxide-requiring (carboxyphillic) type 19 pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) from diseased guinea-pigs. AB - Type 19 pneumococcus was isolated only in anaerobic cultures from tissue fluids of guinea-pigs suffering from exudative pericarditis and pleuropneumonia. The organism was pathogenic to mice even after 40 subcultures. Further study showed it to be carboxyphilic rather than anaerobic. The necessity of specifying various atmospheric conditions in the diagnostic bacteriological isolation routine is emphasized. PMID- 32436 TI - Effect of prostaglandin E2 on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury. PMID- 32437 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of human erythrocyte membrane NADH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase. AB - The NADH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.99.3) was isolated from human erythrocyte ghosts by a procedure including Triton X-100 solubilization, affinity chromatography on an NAD+-Sepharose 4B column, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and isoelectric focusing. This enzyme preparation was characterized by a single band on the urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by a single precipitin line with its corresponding antiserum on double diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. A 103-fold purification indicates that the oxidoreductase represents approximately 1% of the ghost protein mass. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 112 units/mg protein. The pH optimum was 6.8 and the isoelectric point, pI, was 6.6 The oxidoreductase has a specificity for NADH as a cofactor. The NADPH was ineffective as a reducing agent. The enzyme activity was strongly temperature-dependent, displaying maximal activity between 35 and 40 degrees C. The energy of activation was 4.9 kcal. The enzyme activity was inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents, anionic detergents, and divalent ions. The amino acid composition of the purified enzyme is characterized by the presence of all common amino acids including half-cystine and tryptophan. The results of carbohydrate and lipid analyses indicated that the oxidoreductase is a glycolipoprotein with fucose, galactose, mannose, and glucosamine as the sugar components and cholesterol and sphingomyelin as the lipid constituents. The apparent subunit molecular weight estimated by urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence and presence of 2 mercaptoethanol was 40,000. The antiserum completely inhibited the enzymic activity at the equivalence point. We suggest that the membrane-bound NADH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase might be a transmembrane protein. PMID- 32438 TI - Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of spectrin. AB - The phosphorylation of spectrin polypeptide 2 is thought to be involved in the metabolically dependent regulation of red cell shape and deformability. Spectrin phosphorylation is not affected by cAMP. The reaction in isolated membranes resembles the cAMP-independent, salt-stimulated phosphorylation of an exogenous substrate, casein, by enzyme(s) present both in isolated membranes and cytoplasmic extracts. Spectrin kinase is selectively eluted from membranes by 0.5 M NaCl and co-fractionates with eluted casein kinase. Phosphorylation of band 3 in the membrane is inhibited by salt, but the band 3 kinase is otherwise indistinguishable operationally from spectrin kinase. The membrane-bound casein (spectrin) kinase is not eluted efficiently with spectrin at low ionic strength; about 80% of the activity is apparently bound at sites (perhaps on or near band 3) other than spectrin. Partitioning of casein kinase between cytoplasm and membrane is metabolically dependent; the proportion of casein kinase on the membrane can range from 25% to 75%, but for fresh cells is normally about 40%. Dephosphorylation of phosphorylated spectrin has not been studied intensively. Slow release of 32Pi from [32P] spectrin on the membrane can be demonstrated, but phosphatase activity measured against solubilized [32P] spectrin is concentrated in the cytoplasm. The crude cytoplasmic phosphospectrin phosphatase is inhibited by various anions--notably, ATP and 2,3-DPG at physiological concentrations. Regulation of spectrin phosphorylation in intact cells has not been studied. We speculate that spectrin phosphorylation state may be regulated 1) by metabolic intermediates and other internal chemical signals that modulate kinase and phosphatase activities per se or determine their intracellular localization and 2) by membrane deformation that alters enzyme-spectrin interaction locally. Progress in the isolation and characterization of spectrin kinase and phosphospectrin phosphatase should lead to the resolution of major questions raised by previous work: the relationships between membrane-bound and cytoplasmic forms of the enzymes, the nature of their physical interactions with the membrane, and the regulation of their activities in defined cell-free systems. PMID- 32439 TI - Primary hyperparathyroidism with multiple parathyroid gland enlargement: review of 53 cases. AB - Of 53 patients who had hyperparathyroidism assocated with multiple parathyroid gland enlargement, 39 (74%) had primary hyperparathyroidism without clinical or laboratory evidence of associated endocrine gland dysfunction, 2 had documented familial primary hyperparathyroidism, and 12 had hyperparathyroidism as part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome. When last studied, 31 of the 39 patients with nonfamilial hyperparathyroidism had normal serum calcium levels, 3 had permanent hypoparathyroidism, 2 had recurrent hyperparathyroidism, and 3 were lost to follow-up. The two patients with familial hyperparathyroidism were treated by removal only of enlarged parathyroid glands, and in each, hyperparathyroidism recurred. Five patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1, were treated by removal only of enlarged parathyroid glands, and hyperparathyroidism recurred in four. Four patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1, were treated by removal of three or more parathyroid glands, and there were no instances of recurrent hyperparathyroidism. In one patient, permanent hypoparathyroidism developed. Three patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome, type 2, had total parathyroidectomies as a part of thyroidectomy for medullary thyroid carcinoma. In each patient, permanent hypoparathyroidism developed. When primary hyperparathyroidism occurs in the absence of a definite history of polyendocrine or familial disease, only the glands that are definitely enlarged should be removed, and normal-appearing glands should be tagged rather than risk the possibility of permanent hypoparathyroidism that may attend routine subtotal parathyroid gland excision. PMID- 32440 TI - Metabolic rates and intercellular transfer of molecules in cultures of human glia and glioma cells. AB - Metabolic rates and intercellular transfer of metabolites were studied in human glia and glioma culture cells via topographic scan of NAD(P)H fluorescence by multichannel microfluorometry in conjunction with microinjection of glucose-6-P + allosteric activators. Metabolic rates evaluated from NAD(P) in equilibrium NAD(P)H transients and the required substrate levels were 3--4 times lower in glioma cells as compared to glia cells. Both glia and glioma cells showed variability in the occurrence of intercellular metabolite transfer, detectable via observation of a transient in a neighbour of the cell injected with substrate. On this basis "multicellular integrated states" can be defined in clusters of glioma and glia cells interconnected by cell-to-cell contact and a mesh-like network of intercellular processes. Such multicellular steady states and the associated metabolic rates or their impairment can be used in turn to classify different culture lines in reference to cell physiology and pathology. PMID- 32441 TI - [Drug therapy of chronic gastritis]. PMID- 32442 TI - Pharmaceutical review: Ubretid - beta-carotene. PMID- 32443 TI - [Proceedings of the German Society for Surgery. 95th Congress, from 3-6 May 1978]. PMID- 32444 TI - [President's opening address]. PMID- 32446 TI - [Trends in the development of life insurance medicine in Italy]. PMID- 32445 TI - The masquerade of vasculitis: head and neck diagnosis and management. AB - Wegener's granulomatosis and forms of giant cell arteritis result from vasculitis and masquerade with symptoms of common head and neck disease entities. Recognition of the manifestations of vasculitis can be made early in the disease course and confirmed pathologically, allowing effective therapy. Current therapy of Wegener's granulomatosis with Cytoxin and Imuran and steroids for giant cell arteritis frequently results in reversal of head and neck involvement, prevention of systemic disease, and prolonged survival. PMID- 32447 TI - [Evaluation of trauma-related coronary disease from the internist's viewpoint]. PMID- 32448 TI - [What sequelae in accidents can impair life expectancy?]. PMID- 32449 TI - [Evaluation of prior injury in judgments on the sequelae of accidents from the medical viewpoint]. PMID- 32450 TI - [Prognosis of chronic persistent hepatitis]. PMID- 32451 TI - [Life expectancy and work capacity in modern infarct rehabilitation]. PMID- 32452 TI - [Joint meeting of the National Society of Gastroenterology and of the Northern Society of Gastroenterology, 20 May 1978. Biliary microlithiasis]. PMID- 32453 TI - [Value of hydralazine-beta blockader association in hypertension of pregnancy]. PMID- 32454 TI - Cyclic AMP-independent relaxation of depolarized rat ileal smooth muscle by isoproterenol. PMID- 32455 TI - Physiological changes in rats exposed to cold/restraint stress. PMID- 32456 TI - Role of biotransformation in the toxicity of inhalation anesthetics. PMID- 32457 TI - Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting of the American Society of Pharmacognosy held with the Phytochemical Society of North America, August 14-17, 1978, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma. PMID- 32458 TI - The issue of malpractice in psychiatry. PMID- 32459 TI - [The chronic organic psychosyndrome]. PMID- 32460 TI - [Bromazepam lowers the blood pressure in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 32461 TI - [Tubular functional disorders in diseases of the renal parenchyma]. PMID- 32462 TI - Metabolism of cortisol by human thrombocytes. AB - A study was made in order to see whether human thrombocytes are capable to metabolize cortisol. Known concentrations of thrombocytes were incubated with 1.23H-cortisol and the products isolated and identified by t.l.c., paper chromatography, and derivations. Two metabolites were found to be produced by thrombocytes: 20beta-hydroxycortisol and tetrahydrocortisol. The enzymatic nature of the reactions was proved by (1) heat treatment (2) finding out NADPH to be a specific cofactor and (3) the dependence of the activity on the number of thrombocytes in suspensions. PMID- 32463 TI - [From diagnostic coding to hospital information systems. Report on the 4th European Conference on Medical Records]. PMID- 32464 TI - The influence of pH on starch hydrolysis by neutrophilic and acidophilic streptomycetes. AB - The effect of pH on the starch hydrolysing activity of one neutrophilic and two acidophilic soil streptomycetes was studied in detail. The neutrophilic culture extract was active from pH 5.0 to pH 8.0, with optimum activity from pH 5.5 to 6.5. Acidophile activity occurred from pH 2.5 to 7.0 with an optimum at pH 4.0 to 4.5. After storage for 24 h at different pH levels, neutrophiles showed a sharp reduction in activity at pH 5.0 with none below this point; some activity was maintained up to pH 10.0. Acidophiles remained active after storage at pH 3.0 and retained some activity up to pH 7,0--9.0. Less detailed tests on a range of soil streptomycetes showed that the differences between acidophiles and neutrophiles were consistent. The results indicated that acidophilic streptomycetes may produce a range of exo-enzymes which are themselves acid-requiring and play an important part in decomposition processes in acidic soils and litters. PMID- 32465 TI - [Total activity of glucose oxidase, catalase and invertase and their distribution in the mycelial subcellular fractions of Penicillium vitale Pidopl. et Bilai]. PMID- 32466 TI - Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee: ADRAC. Report for 1977. PMID- 32467 TI - An overview of acupuncture in Australia. PMID- 32468 TI - Prevalence of alcoholism in a Sydney Teaching Hospital: some aspects. AB - This paper presents some preliminary findings from an epidemiological study of inpatients in Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in 1977. The sample included 457 patients. Of these, 15% were found to have alcohol-related reasons for admission to hospital, and 33% had concomitant alcohol problems. The drinking habits of 30% of males and 9% of females placed them at risk. Some commonly used laboratory tests are evaluated. PMID- 32469 TI - Effects of age and sex on biochemical responses to drinking habits. PMID- 32470 TI - Allergic rhinitis. PMID- 32472 TI - [The status and possibilities of rehabilitation in Vojvodina. (Conclusions of lectures presented within the scope of the IX seminar for concise postdiploma education of the physician held in Bezdan on 8 October 1977)]. PMID- 32471 TI - [Gastric stump carcinoma]. PMID- 32473 TI - [Seminar for the general practitioner. The status and possibilities of rehabilitation in Vojvodina. (Conclusions of lectures presented within the scope of the IX seminar for postdiploma education of the physician held in Bezan on 8 October 1977)]. PMID- 32474 TI - Alpha adrenergic and cholinergic-muscarinic regulation of adenosine cyclic 3',5' monophosphate levels in the rat parotid. PMID- 32475 TI - Amylase secretion from the rat parotid: refractoriness to muscarinic and adrenergic agonists. PMID- 32476 TI - Metal and metal-ATP interactions with human platelet adenylate cyclase: effects of alpha adrenergic inhibition. PMID- 32477 TI - The effect of temperature on mixed function amine oxidase intrinsic fluorescence and oxidative activity. PMID- 32478 TI - Retinal tyrosine hydroxylase: comparison of short-term and long-term stimulation by light. PMID- 32479 TI - Pharmacological characterization of histamine receptors mediating the stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation in slices from guinea-pig hippocampus. PMID- 32480 TI - Coexistence of beta1 and beta2 adrenoceptors in mammalian lung: evidence from direct binding studies. PMID- 32482 TI - Studies on the glycosidases of semen: purification and properties of alpha-D mannopyranosidase from goat seminal plasma. AB - Alpha D-mannosidase activity in goat semen was observed to be distributed in sperm and seminal plasma. In sperm the enzyme, present in soluble and bound forms, was located within the acrosome. The bound enzyme was associated with the denuded sperm. Seminal plasma alpha-mannosidase was purified 100-fold and the final preparation was shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide and SDS gel electrophoresis and on isoelectric focusing. The molecular weight of the enzyme, determined by gel filtration and disc electrophoresis in the presence of SDS, was 220,000. The isoelectric pH was 7.42 and the amino acid composition is reported. alpha-Mannosidase catalyzed the hydrolysis of both synthetic and natural substrates. The Km of p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannoside and alpha-methyl D mannoside were 0.695 mM and 71.9 mM at pH 4.0, the optimum pH. The natural substrates were hydrolysed to varying degrees. Zn2+ was not essential though it activated the enzyme activity over longer incubations. The enzyme was observed to be more stable at wider pH range in the presence of Zn2+ than in its absence. EDTA which did not affect the enzyme activity has effect on enzyme stability similar to Zn.2+ Seminal alpha-mannosidase is not a zinc metalloenzyme but is activated by Zn2+. PMID- 32481 TI - Binding interactions of glycoproteins with lectins. AB - Since plant lectins were used to help define differences between normal and transformed cell surfaces (reviewed in References 1-4), they have been employed in many other situations where their sugar-recognition specificities could be used to advantage. One of these applications has been the purification and characterization of enzymes and other proteins; this work is reviewed here in order to define some of the variables that affect binding of glycoproteins to lectins, as well as to demonstrate how this technique has been profitably exploited for isolation of purified glycoproteins, and for their better understanding. PMID- 32483 TI - Inborn errors of metabolism in man. Part I: carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid metabolism. PMID- 32484 TI - [Drug interactions]. AB - Every alteration of the effect of a drug within the human body due to substances introduced from outside are considered drug interactions. Several types of these mutual actions are differentiated. They can be influenced with varying success according to the site of the interaction. An unusual variant of the interactions sometimes appears in genetically induced disturbances in the metabolism of drugs. PMID- 32485 TI - Fatal pneumococcal bacteremia in a vaccinated splenectomized child. PMID- 32486 TI - Blockade of the flush associated with metastatic gastric carcinoid by combined histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists. Evidence for an important role of H2 receptors in human vasculature. PMID- 32487 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 5-1979. PMID- 32488 TI - Receptors, neurotransmitters and drug responses. PMID- 32489 TI - Drug-resistant pneumococci. PMID- 32490 TI - C-terminal side of alpha-helix is more stable than N-terminal side. PMID- 32491 TI - [Acid-forming agents in urinary tract infections and kidney calculi]. PMID- 32493 TI - Joint meeting of the Neurosurgical Society of America and the Mexican Society of Neurological Surgery, Acapulco, Mexico, January 22 to 26, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 32492 TI - Twenty-seventh annual meeting of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, San Francisco, California (open scientific sessions, October 13, 1977) and Carmel-by the-Sea, California (supplementary scientific sessions, October 15 and 16, 1977). Abstracts. PMID- 32494 TI - Changing concepts of neuroglial function. PMID- 32495 TI - Introduction: neurosurgical training of the foreign medical graduate and U. S. immigration policy. PMID- 32496 TI - Distribution of substance P-like immunoreactivity in the central nervous system of the rat--II. Light microscopic localization in relation to catecholamine containing neurons. PMID- 32497 TI - Benzodiazepines--the opium of the masses? PMID- 32498 TI - Evaluation of glutamate as a neurotransmitter of cerebellar parallel fibers. PMID- 32499 TI - Distribution of putative neurotransmitters in the neocortex. PMID- 32500 TI - Tyrosine hydroxylase and DOPA decarboxylase activities in the guinea-pig uterus: further evidence for functional adrenergic denervation in association with pregnancy. PMID- 32501 TI - [Neuropathological changes in rat brain following long-term treatment with neuroleptics, oxazepam and protryptyline]. PMID- 32502 TI - The treatment of threatened premature labor by betamimetic drugs: a comparison of fenoterol and ritodrine. AB - Studies have shown that, in patients with threatened premature labor, fenoterol and ritodrine are effective agents for delaying its onset. However, the side effects of these drugs can be a problem. Among 133 patients studied, the intravenous administration of either agent caused marked tachycardia (but no changes in blood pressure) and a high incidence of palpitations, trembling, and nausea. During oral therapy, subjective symptoms were less frequent. The addition of the calcium antagonist, iproveratril, to the therapeutic regimen did not influence the effectiveness of the 2 agents or the incidence of their adverse side-effects. PMID- 32503 TI - Acid-base determinations in amniotic fluid and blood of normal late pregnancy. AB - Amniotic fluid (AF) and arterial blood were obtained almost simultaneously from 59 healthy third-trimester pregnant women. Oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions (Po2, Pco2), pH, bicarbonate (Bicarb), total carbon dioxide (TCO2), lactate (L), and pyruvate (P) concentrations were measured. Only AF-Bicarb, AF-TCO2, AF-pH, and AF-P showed a statistically significant correlation, negative, with gestational age. AF-Po2, AF-pH, AF-Bicarb, and AF-TCO2, were lower, and AF-Pco2 was higher than in maternal blood. Amniotic fluid lactate was about 6 times, and AF-P was 2 times higher than maternal blood levels. The latter, the low bicarbonate, and the high Pco2 all contributed to the acidic pH of AF. Amniotic fluid pH was affected by fetal and maternal variables, notably maternal pH. There was no correlation between AF-Po2 and Pao2 (arterial oxygen tension), between AF Pco2 and Paco2 (arterial carbon dioxide tension), or between AF-L and blood L. AF Po2, AF-Pco2, and AF-L may correlate better with the intrauterine fetal status than AF-pH. Normal values obtained in this study should be useful as a baseline to monitor changes in the intrauterine environment in abnormal prgenancies. PMID- 32504 TI - [Spina bifida and hydrocephalus as a sociopediatric task; report on the 30th Annual Meeting of the Germany Society for Social Pediatrics on 9 June, 1978 in Freiburg i. Br]. PMID- 32505 TI - Analysis of the use of Dycal with gutta-percha points as an endodontic filling technique. AB - The use of Dycal combined with gutta-percha cones as a permanent root canal filling material was analyzed. The following experiments were performed: 1. In vitro microscopic analysis of Dycal's adaptation in the dentin wall--gutta-percha cone interphase. 2. Study of the duration period of alkalinity. 3. Clinical and radiograhic posttreatment, inspection and evaluation, and follow-up. The results obtained in these studies showed: 1. There was correct adaptation and adherence of the material. 2. The alkalinity persisted up to 8 months after mixing. 3. There was clinically good postoperative tolerance. 4. Clinical and radiographic success was found in 90 percent of the cases in the treatment of normal vital pulps, vital inflamed pulps, and pulpless teeth with or without areas. PMID- 32506 TI - Infection control: it's catching! PMID- 32508 TI - [Recommendations of the Scientific Conference of the Republic on severe combined and multiple injuries]. PMID- 32507 TI - [1st All-Union Conference on Road-Traffic Injuries]. PMID- 32509 TI - [Environmental factors in the pathogenesis of hypospadias]. PMID- 32510 TI - [Neurohormones and neurotransmitters]. PMID- 32511 TI - [Study of the liver structure in post-transplantation disease]. PMID- 32512 TI - Symposium on pediatric cardiology. PMID- 32513 TI - Acute suppurative parotitis caused by anaerobic bacteria: report of two cases. AB - Staphylococcus aureus is the predominant pathogen in acute suppurative parotitis. Although anaerobic bacteria are prevalent in the normal oral and upper respiratory tract flora and frequently are involved in oral and facial infections, they have seldom been isolated from patients with suppurative parotitis. It may be that a role for anaerobes in parotitis has not been documented because of inadequate specimen transport or anaerobic culture techniques. We describe two cases of acute suppurative parotitis in which cultures yielded anaerobic bacteria. In one case, no aerobes were isolated; in the other, the anaerobe was the predominant organism numerically. PMID- 32514 TI - Asthma: a modern perspective. PMID- 32515 TI - [Reactions and complications to immunization with ADPT vaccine and the ways to prevent them]. PMID- 32516 TI - [Neurological complications in smallpox vaccination and their prevention]. PMID- 32517 TI - [Neurological complications in children from smallpox vaccination]. PMID- 32518 TI - [Vaccinal angina in children]. PMID- 32519 TI - Information systems of the body: current concepts and speculations, with emphasis on genetic metabolic diseases. PMID- 32520 TI - Effects of inositol hexaphosphate on the Bohr effect induced by CO2 and fixed acids in chicken hemoglobin. PMID- 32521 TI - Impaired distal nephron acidification in chronically phosphate depleted rats. AB - Renal tubular bicarbonate reabsorption and acidification were evaluated in phosphate depleted rats (PD) and controls. After 33 days of phosphate depletion, urine pH of PD rats (N = 5, 5.36 +/- 0.15) was significantly higher than control (N = 5, 5.64 +/- 0.09, P less than 0.005) following an NH4Cl load. Urinary titratable acid of PD rats (9.6 +/- 1.8) was significantly reduced compared to control (117.2 +/- 19.7 muEq/3 h, P less than 0.001), whereas NH+4 excretion was not different. The plasma HCO-3 thresholds at which bicarbonaturia occurred (approximately 25 mEq/l) were identical in controls and phosphate depleted rats during isotonic bicarbonate infusion. The higher urine pH of phosphate depleted rats following NH4Cl administration was not due to low urinary phosphate as 3-day phosphate depleted rats could normally acidify urine after NH4Cl (pH = 5.86 +/- 0.09, N = 6 vs. control 5.87 +/- 0.08, N = 6, P = N.S.) despite urinary phosphate excretion as low as in 33-day PD rats. These data indicate the presence of impaired distal tubular acidification in chronically phosphate depleted rats. PMID- 32522 TI - Time course of changes of extracellular H+ and K+ activities during and after direct electrical stimulation of the brain cortex. AB - The kinetics of H+ and K+ activities were recorded during and after direct electrical activation of the brain cortex (cat). H+ activity was measured with H+ sensitive glass microelectrodes (tip diameters of 1--4 micron) and K+ activity was registered with double-barrelled ion-sensitive microelectrodes (tip diameters of 1--3 micron). It could be shown that extracellular H+ activity initially decreased for a few seconds and increased only after the 7.s. Maximum acidosis was always noticed after stimulation ended. Alkalotic as well as acidotic changes were the higher the stronger the stimulation parameters were. K+ activity increased very rapidly after stimulation began, reached its maximum when stimulation ended and then decreased to its initial value with an undershoot. It is concluded that the functional hyperemia of microflow could be triggered by the rapid increase in K+ activity, whereas the initial alkalotic change of extracellular pH means that H+ activity does not play a role in the first phase of this kind of hyperemia. The alkalotic shift is interpreted to be caused by the washout of C02 due to the rapid increase in microflow. In the further course, H+ activity obviously contributes to the maintenance of functional hyperemia. In this later period K+ activity is always below the control value. PMID- 32523 TI - [Hemolysis caused by anti-glafenine antibodies with acute kidney failure]. PMID- 32524 TI - [Acute kidney failure caused by glafenine. Demonstration of antibody by Coombs' test in presence of the drug]. PMID- 32525 TI - [Thrombopenic purpura and Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome in a woman patient treated by quinidine and beta-blockaders]. PMID- 32526 TI - [Beta blockers in high risk pregnancies]. PMID- 32527 TI - [Evolution of biological psychiatry. 2nd world congress. Barcelona, 31 August--6 September 1978]. PMID- 32528 TI - [Man and the environment. 6th congress of the International Society for Research on Diseases of Civilization and the Environment, Brussels, 6-9 September 1978]. PMID- 32529 TI - [Responsibility of beta-mimetics prescribed during pregnancy in the genesis of postpartum cardiomyopathy?]. PMID- 32530 TI - [The "pill", disease of civilization?]. PMID- 32531 TI - [Combined symposia of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and the German Society for Circulation Research, "Nuclear Medicine Methods in Cardiology", Titisee, 17-19 November 1977]. PMID- 32532 TI - [Gastric emptying and methods of its determination]. PMID- 32533 TI - [Pharmacological treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 32534 TI - [Functional disorders of the beta adrenergic system in atopic allergy]. PMID- 32535 TI - Hyperbilirubinemic and cholestatic syndromes. New concepts aiding recognition and management. AB - An elevated bilirubin level can be classified as hyperbilirubinemia only if results of all other liver function tests are normal. In contrast, cholestatic syndromes are characterized by elevations in various measurements of liver function, particularly alkaline phosphatase, bile acid, gammaglutamyl transferase, and 5'-nucleotidase. PMID- 32536 TI - Localization of the site of adenylylation of glutamine synthetase by electron microscopy of an enzyme-antibody complex. AB - Antibodies to the nucleosidel,N(6)-ethenoadenosine have been used to localize the site of adenylylation of the glutamine synthetase [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.1.2] of Escherichia coli. Antibodies were induced in rabbits by injection of a bovine albumin-ethenoadenosine conjugate. The resulting antisera strongly bound ethenoadenosine, its 5'-nucleotide, or protein conjugates of the nucleoside; little or no crossreaction was seen to adenosine, AMP, or the protein carrier. Ethenoadenylylated glutamine synthetase was prepared by modification of the enzyme by the E. coli adenylyltransferase, using etheno-ATP as a substrate. The ethenoadenylylated glutamine synthetase was precipitated by antibodies to ethenoadenosine in conjunction with goat anti-rabbit gamma globulin. Electron micrographs of reaction mixtures of ethenoadenylylated glutamine synthetase and anti-ethenoadenosine showed individual enzyme molecules complexed with one or more antibodies and pairs of enzyme molecules crosslinked by a single antibody. The approximate site of adenylylation was located from the apparent area of contact between enzyme and antibody. We conclude that the adenylylation sites are on the periphery of the bilayered hexagonal disc, offset by 15 +/- 10 degrees from the 2-fold axis of symmetry through a vertex of the hexagon and 20 +/- 10 A from the plane between the layers of the disc. PMID- 32537 TI - Selective labeling of serotonin receptors by d-[3H]lysergic acid diethylamide in calf caudate. AB - Since it was known that d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) affected catecholaminergic as well as serotoninergic neurons, the objective in this study was to enhance the selectivity of [3H]LSD binding to serotonin receptors in vitro by using crude homogenates of calf caudate. In the presence of a combination of 50 nM each of phentolamine (added to preclude the binding of [3H]LSD to alpha adrenoceptors), apomorphine, and spiperone (added to preclude the binding of [3H]LSD to dopamine receptors), it was found by Scatchard analysis that the total number of [3H]LSD sites went down to 300 fmol/mg, compared to 1100 fmol/mg in the absence of the catecholamine-blocking drugs. The IC50 values (concentrations to inhibit binding by 50%) for various drugs were tested on the binding of [3H]LSD in the presence of 50 nM each of apomorphine (A), phentolamine (P) and spiperone (S). With this combination, the IC50 for serotonin was 35 nM (compared to 1000 nM without it), indicating that [3H]LSD had become considerably more selectively displaceable by serotonin under these conditions whereas the effects of norepinephrine and dopamine on [3H]LSD binding were eliminated. Various ergots had approximately equal IC50 values against [3H]serotonin and [3H]LSD but tryptamines were much more selective against [3H]serotonin; the data may indicate the existence of the two types of serotonin receptors. PMID- 32538 TI - gamma-Aminobutyric acid: a neurotransmitter candidate for cone horizontal cells of the catfish retina. AB - In the catfish retina, horizontal cells that receive inputs exclusively from red sensitive cones are the only neurons that accumulate exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid under our experimental conditions. When isolated eyecups are perfused with bicuculline methochloride, an antagonist of postsynaptic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors, responses of cone photoreceptors to a field of light (3 mm in diameter) become much slower and approach those to a small spot of light (0.3 mm). In addition, bicuculline methochloride decreases the frequency responses of cone horizontal cells to a field of light. These findings indicate that, in the catfish retina, feedback synapses from cone horizontal cells to cones are chemically mediated and may use gamma-aminobutyric acid as a neurotransmitter. Our results also confirm the hypothesis that, in the catfish retina, a function of the negative feedback is to improve the frequency responses of the system. PMID- 32539 TI - Competitive inhibition of benzodiazepine binding by fractions from porcine brain. AB - Fractions of porcine cerebral cortex extract separated by molecular weight on a Sephadex G-75 column were tested for their activities and potencies to inhibit [3H]benzodiazepine binding to rat brain homogenates. The fractions spanned molecular weights from 500 to 100,000. A potent inhibitor (benzodiazepine competitive factor I, BCF-I) was discovered in the fraction containing substances with molecular weights from 40,000 to 70,000. Equilibrium binding studies indicated that BCF-I was a competitive inhibitor, making it a candidate as a benzodiazepine endogenous factor or profactor. BCF-I was heat stable, but trypsin digestion destroyed its activity. Another inhibitory fraction (BCF-II) was 1/5th as active as BCF-I and contained substances with molecular weights from 1000 to 2000. PMID- 32540 TI - The energy value to sheep of mixed diets containing alkali-treated straw and ground field beans [proceedings]. PMID- 32541 TI - Ectomycorrhizas as nutrient absorbing organs. AB - Early work on ectomycorrhizas indicated that they were probably adapted to efficient nutrient absorption. The use of excised mycorrhizas has allowed study of their properties as absorbing organs. The factors affecting their rates of nutrient uptake are similar to those of other absorbing organs but their rates are often greater. On absorption the nutrient is primarily accumulated in the fungal layer but may be mobilized later by reactions under metabolic control. Phosphate is accumulated in particularly large quantities as polyphosphate, which probably explains the linear relations of phosphate absorption and oxygen uptake in certain conditions. Hyphal connections between the fungal sheath and the substrate are variable, and this poses problems about absorption of ions of low mobility, and about the function of surface phosphatases. The fungal sheath is dependent on the host for carbohydrate and the drain on it may be considerable. PMID- 32542 TI - Dendro-dendritic and reciprocal synapses in the primate motor cortex. AB - Dendro-dendritic synapses have been observed infrequently in the deep layers of the motor cortex. The presynaptic dendrites are of a varicose type and themselves receive a considerable density of synapses both of the asymmetric and symmetrical type. The ultrastructure of the dendro-dendritic synapse itself shows the typical arrangement of presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane densities, often with presynaptic dense projections, and the membrane specialization is of the symmetrical type. There is the usual cleft containing electron-dense material between the presynaptic and postsynaptic profiles. The synaptic vesicles occur in a small cluster confined to a region close to the presynaptic membrane specialization; some of the vesicles are flattened and were shown by tilt analysis to be of the discoid type. Two examples were found of reciprocal dendro dendritic synapses, both components being of the symmetrical type. A single axon terminal may make a synapse on to both dendrites involved in a dendro-dendritic synapse. PMID- 32543 TI - Gap junctions between dendrites and somata of neurons in the primate sensori motor cortex. AB - Gap junctions have been found infrequently between two dendrites or a dendrite and a cell soma in the deep layers of both the motor and somatic sensory cortices of the primate. At these junctions the outer leaflets of the plasma membranes of both profiles are intimately apposed with a gap of 2 nm between them which shows a structure of hexagonal subunits in tangential sections. These gap junctions occur mainly between the dendrites or dendrites and somata of large stellate cells but are also associated in some examples with a dendro-dendritic synapse and thus occur between large stellate dendrites and presynaptic dendrites; a desmosome may also occur in association with a gap junction and dendro-dendritic synapse. Gap junctions have been identified as sites of electrical transmission between cells in a number of sites and it is therefore suggested that some neurons in the sensori-motor cortex are electrotonically couples. PMID- 32544 TI - Some critical qualitative details of lorica construction in the type species of Calliacantha Leadbeater (Choanoflagellata). AB - Qualitative structural details, amplifying or correcting previous accounts in the literature on this species have been compiled by means of light and/or electron microscopy of dry whole mounts, prepared in situ from freshly gathered wild material mainly from temperate sources in Denmark, Britain and south Alaska. The more important findings are summarized diagrammatically. These include elaborate and constant details of assembly at the anterior end of the lorica, combined with much greater variability at the hind end. The absence of continuity between the three anterior spines and any of the six longitudinal costae present at the front end of the lorica chamber is confirmed, but a range of conditions involving numerical reduction in costal numbers at the hind end is illustrated. The overall size range encountered in the three temperate localities listed is illustrated photographically, but the large cells characteristic of arctic sources are represented, for a qualitative purpose only, by means of a single photograph recording a specimen collected beneath sea ice in N. Alaska, a source which will be considered more fully on a later occasion. PMID- 32545 TI - Alterations in the structure of sarcolemma in a denervated skeletal muscle. PMID- 32546 TI - Growth and cell replacement in the new-born pig intestine. PMID- 32547 TI - Some further information about the abnormal membrane glycoprotein associated with malignancy. AB - The abnormal membrane glycoprotein that we previously found to be associated with malignancy in a wide range of different tumours is present in the cell membrane as a dimer and appears to have a specific binding site for glucose. PMID- 32548 TI - The effect of glucocorticoid antagonizing factor on hepatoma cells. PMID- 32549 TI - Decrease in renal perfusion, glomerular filtration and sodium excretion by hypoxia in the dog. PMID- 32550 TI - Total salivary calcium and amylase output of rat parotid with electrical stimulation of autonomic innervation. PMID- 32551 TI - Effects of oral pH on cigarette smoking. AB - Permeability of nicotine across the oral mucosa had been shown to be a direct linear function of alkalinity in the oral cavity. Here, oral pH in cigarette smokers was manipulated from pH 5 to 8 by rinses with Sorenson's and McIlvaine's buffers. As a alkalinity increased, cigarette taste was perceived as stronger, more bitter, and, in some cases, more upleasant; and heart-rate accelerated slightly. Nicotine self-administration and blood pressure were not influenced. Differential absorption of nicotine and cross-adaptation of sour to bitter taste are both discussed as explanations for the results. PMID- 32552 TI - Brain and adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity after chronic footshock stress. AB - Rats subjected to 9 daily sessions of electric footshock stress showed marked increases in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in various brain regions and in the adrenal gland. The activity of the brain enzyme was elevated in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, locus coeruleus and the pons-medulla indicating a widespread effect of stress throughout the brain. Anatomical specificity of the response was indicated by a greater percent increase in the locus coeruleus, a nucleus containing noradrenergic cell bodies, than in the hypothalamus, cortex and pons-medulla, areas that contain noradrenergic terminals. PMID- 32553 TI - Effects of anisomycin and CNS stimulants on brain catecholamine synthesis. AB - Mice were injected with anisomycin, an inhibitor of cerebral protein synthesis; d amphetamine, strychnine, or caffeine was administered 30 min later. Fifteen min before sacrifice at 1 or 2 hr after injection of anisomycin, 3H-tyrosine was injected intravenously, and catecholamine synthesis rates were estimated by measurement of the specific activity of 3H-tyrosine and the accumulation of 3H norepinephrine and 3H-dopamine. Anisomycin decreased synthesis rates of catecholamines, but this effect was not significantly affected by any of the CNS stimulants. These results suggest that the recently reported reversal of anisomycin-induced amnesia by these stimulants is not due to an attenuation of brain catecholamine synthesis inhibition. PMID- 32554 TI - Structure--inhibition relationships of various phenolic compounds towards mitochondrial respiration. PMID- 32555 TI - Modifications induced in the renin-angiotensin-aldo-sterone system of rats by alpha-blocking drugs. PMID- 32556 TI - [Progress in the field of drug development. 11]. PMID- 32557 TI - [Choice of the reaction component for the extraction photometric determination of heptacaine]. PMID- 32558 TI - Drugs in the treatment of asthma. PMID- 32559 TI - The anatomy, physiology, pharmacology and pathology of tracheobronchial mucus secretion and the use of expectorant drugs in human disease. PMID- 32560 TI - Transport of model compounds across the peritoneal membrane in the rat. AB - The absorption into the systemic circulation of compounds administered intraperitoneally in large volumes was investigated in the rat. The influence on absorption of molecular weight, lipid-water partition coefficient (K), and dissociation constant (pKa) was studied. Nine neutral compounds ranging in molecular weight from 18 to 2 million demonstrated absorptions that decreased with increasing molecular weight. Five compounds were tested with variable lipid partition (K) values (0.001--3.3) and the absorptions increased from 57 to 96% as the K values increased. A series of nine acids and bases covering a wide range of pKa values )0.9--9.9) were investigated. For the acids, absorption increased with increasing pKa value, while for the bases absorption decreased with increasing pKa. For both groups of compounds absorption was directly related to the extent of ionization at physiologic pH. As has been documented for other biological membranes, the peritoneal membrane in the rat was found to behave in a lipoid manner. Unionized or lipid-soluble compounds are absorbed to a greater extent than ionized or lipid-insoluble compounds, and neutral compounds are absorbed in relation to their molecular weights. PMID- 32561 TI - The 1978 Stockholm meeting of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. PMID- 32562 TI - Multisite topographic microfluorometry of intracellular and exogenous fluorochromes. PMID- 32563 TI - Singlet oxygen and related species in chemistry and biology. Proceedings of the international conference, held at Pinawa, Manitoba, Canada, on 21-26 August 1977. PMID- 32564 TI - Evidence for the multiplicity of products from acid-treated reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). AB - Treatment of NADH with acid gives rise to as many as 10 products derived from breakdown of the dihydropyridine ring. These substances are neutral or cationic in character, and one or more may be carbonyls. They have been separated on a column of Dowex 1-formate and characterized spectrophotometrically. No evidence was obtained to indicate that acidification of NADH leads to formation of a dinucleotide containing a modified dihydronicotinamide moiety. PMID- 32565 TI - American Physiological Society fall scientific meeting. October 22--27, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 32566 TI - Regulation of feeding behavior in the prepubertal female rat. PMID- 32567 TI - Effects of presynaptic polypeptide neurotoxins from tiger snake venom (notechis II-5 and notexin) on frog neuromuscular junction. PMID- 32568 TI - Electrophysiological examination of transmitter release in non-quantal form in the mouse diaphragm and the activity of membrane ATP-ase. AB - The subsynaptic area of mouse diaphragm fibres was hyperpolarized by 1--2 mV during local curarization of the junctional zone in the presence of the reversible anticholinesteraze prostigmine (6 X 10(-6) M), or after treatment of the muscle with organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor Soman. In a solution containing 5 mM K+ the mean hyperpolarization was 1.1 +/- 0.27 mV at mean resting potential--70 mV. After adding 2 X 10(-5) M ouabain the hyperpolarization increased to 1.5 +/- 0.25 mV. Removal of potassium ions from the bathing medium also increased curare induced hyperpolarization to 1.80 +/- 0.40 mV. Reactivation of membrane ATP-ase by addition of K+ after a period in K+-free medium reduced the hyperpolarization to zero, where measurements were performed 10--20 min after the readdition. It was concluded that spontaneous non-quantal leakage of acetylcholine occurs at the mouse neuromuscular junction, as it does in the frog (ref. Katz and Miledi 1977). Conditions which block the Na+-K+-dependent ATP-ase of nerve terminals increased the continuous leakage of ACh and activation of the pump decreased it. PMID- 32569 TI - [Area-wide nursing conference]. PMID- 32570 TI - Dopamine-receptor binding and adenylate-cyclase activity in mouse striatal tissue in the supersensitivity phase after neuroleptic treatment. PMID- 32571 TI - Evidence for a dopaminergic dominance in the 4,alpha-dimethyl-m-tyramine-induced hypermotility in mice. PMID- 32572 TI - Etonitazene as a reinforcer: oral intake of etonitazene by rhesus monkeys. AB - Drinking of etonitazene HCI was studied in three rhesus monkeys during daily 3-h sessions. As the drug concentration was increased, the number of liquid deliveries decreased, and etonitazene intake (microgram/kg body weight) increased. As fixed-ratio (FR) requirements were increased, rate of responding increased, and liquid deliveries slightly decreased. When water was substituted for the drug, there was a large increase in responding for several sessions, followed by a slow decline to low rates. When etonitazene was reintroduced, responding abruptly increased to previous drug levels. These data suggest that etonitazene can serve as a positive reinforcer when taken orally by rhesus monkeys. PMID- 32573 TI - Propranolol in experimentally induced stress. AB - The beta-adrenergic receptor-blocking drug, d,l-propranolol, was compared with placebo for relief of experimentally induced anxiety. Subjects were chosen on the basis of having high levels of trait anxiety. Stress was induced experimentally by two performance tests. Single 40-mg doses of propranolol significantly slowed the heart rate, suggesting a satisfactory pharmacologic effect of the drug. The treatment was not superior to placebo, however, on any other measure. The experimental model used had clearly demonstrated an antianxiety effect of single 5-mg doses of diazepam. Propranolol at the dose used had little effect on psychic anxiety as determined by this model. PMID- 32574 TI - Dopaminergic supersensitivity after neuroleptics: time-course and specificity. AB - It is known that a single dose of a neuroleptic can elicit dopaminergic supersensitivity in animals. On the other hand, the clinical syndrome of tardive dyskinesia takes many months of years to develop. To resolve this apparent discrepancy, it is possible that subclinical or latent tardive dyskinesia is fully compensated in most patients taking neuroleptics. In others, where the tardive dyskinesia is full-blown and grossly apparent, the dopaminergic supersensitivity may be decompensated. Such compensatory and decompensatory phases have been proposed earlier by Hornykiewicz (1974), in the case of Parkinson's Disease. Dopaminergic supersensitivity persists for a period proportional to the lenght of the neuroleptic treatment. It is not yet clear whether the relation between the length of treatment and the persistence of supersensitivity holds for very long treatments, but in principle the relationship might account for the persistence of tardive dyskinesia after years of neuroleptic pretreatment. PMID- 32575 TI - Growth hormone and cortisol responses, tranquillizer usage, and their association with survival from myocardial infarction. AB - Sixty-six patients consecutively admitted to a Coronary Care Unit with a diagnosis of myocardial infarction were evaluated physically, psychologically, and neuroendocrinologically. Records were also kept of appetite and drug intake. Serum cortisol and growth hormone, physical, and mood variables were evaluated daily and the neuroendocrine measures were also taken serially at the time of removal from the cardiac monitor. At the end of the 2 years the patient's functional status was evaluated and the outcome correlated with the aforementioned indices. Three factors emerged as being significantly related to outcome. Survivors' appetites were significantly better than the appetities of nonsurvivors. Those who were alive at follow-up had taken significantly more minor tranquilizers than those who had died. Survivors had consistently lower levels of growth hormone than nonsurvivors and these differences were statistically significant for those samples taken at the time of removal from the monitor. The findings are incorporated in two new indices predictive of both survival and functional outcome. PMID- 32576 TI - Transport for the disabled. Seminar held on 15 May 1978. PMID- 32577 TI - RSNA: 64th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting. Gold Medalists (David Shields Carroll, M. D. (1917--). PMID- 32578 TI - RSNA: 64th Scientific Assembly and Annual Meeting. Gold Medalists (Philip J. Hodes, M. D. (1906--). PMID- 32579 TI - Comparison of the morphology of synapses in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems: analysis of the significance of the anatomical differences and interpretation of the morphological specializations. PMID- 32580 TI - [Modern technological achievements in the field of food production and its use in clinical diet]. PMID- 32581 TI - [Information on drugs (in Poland and in the world) and the prophylaxis of drug induced side-effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 32582 TI - Streptococcus mutans, an assessment of its physiological potential in relation to dental caries. AB - Streptococcus mutans converts low levels of sucrose to lactic acid, but at high levels favours synthesis of glucans for plaque accumulation. Thus, the continued exposure to sucrose fluxes would select microorganisms in the oral cavity (S. mutans being a prototype) with highly specialized adaptation and potential dental caries activity. The bacteria that have evolved physiological systems to function efficiently under these conditions are the lactic acid bacteria. These organisms survive in environments where carbohydrate availability is constantly changing. High tolerances to acidic environments may be an important determinant in establishing the ecology of the carious lesion. Also, the intercellular polysaccharide storgae (glycogenamylopectin) and extracellular polymer reserves (levan and soluble glucan) are important during carbohydrate depletion. Further, the formation of insoluble glucans is a prerequisite for the caries process on smooth surfaces of teeth through plaque development. These conditions could result in an increase in S. mutans and cariogenic microorganisms. As a result, this process may be best understood as a manifestation of an amphibiotic shift. PMID- 32584 TI - Lymphoid neoplasias I: classification categorization natural history. PMID- 32583 TI - [Effect of diets with different lipid content on some humoral parameters during HBSAG-negative and HBSAG-positive acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 32585 TI - Lymphomagenesis and autoimmunization caused by reactions of T-lymphocytes to incompatible structures of the major histocompatibility complex: a concept of pathogenesis. PMID- 32586 TI - IV. Covalent coupling of rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase. AB - Rat liver phenylalanine hydroxylase (PheH) was covalently coupled to AH-Sepharose 4B, CH-Sepharose 4B, alginic acid and polygalacturonic acid. The activities of the bound enzyme from the ethanol and ammonium sulfate fractions were studied under a variety of conditions. The ethanol enzyme coupled to AH-Sepharose 4B showed the best thermal stability from 20 degrees to 50 degrees after heating for 15 min. It retained more than 15% of its initial activity after storage at 25 degrees for 9 days. The covalently linked enzymes generally had a broader range of optimal activity from pH 5.8 to 7.5. The presence of a positive or negative microenvironment on the matrix had no effect on the activity of the enzyme coupled to AH- or CH-Sepharose 4B. The failure to obtain hydroxylase activity with enzyme linked to alginic acid or polygalacturonic acid was attributed to the acidic microenvironment of the matrices. PMID- 32587 TI - Effect of benzodiazepine derivatives on purified blood cholinesterases in vitro. AB - The in vitro effect of several benzodiazepine derivatives on purified blood cholinesterases were determined. The results were generally in close agreement with previous results obtained on freshly drawn human blood. PMID- 32588 TI - [3H] Flunitrazepam: its advantages as a ligand for the identification of benzodiazepine receptors in rat brain membranes. PMID- 32589 TI - Response of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors in the duck to changes in PCO2 and pH. AB - We have estimated the relative importance of changes in blood PCO2 and pH in determining activity of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC) in the unidirectionally ventilated duck. The response of single unit vagal afferents from IPC to changing lung gas PCO2 was tested before and after changing blood pH by intravenous infusion of NaHCO3. Using multiple linear regression analysis, we calculated how much of the change in IPC activity for a given change in PCO2 was due to the changing PCO2 at constant pH (CO2 sensitivity) or to the change in pH concomitant with the change in PCO2 (H+ sensitivity). For 10 IPC, the CO2 sensitivity was on the average 2.3 times larger than the H+ sensitivity. Changes in pH as well as PCO2 of lung blood should be considered in assessing the role of IPC in control of breathing. PMID- 32590 TI - [The 1978 Bordeaux week-long phono-audiology seminars, 9--11 March 1978]. PMID- 32591 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp's syndrome)]. PMID- 32592 TI - [Effect of drugs on human neutrophilic granulocyte functions]. PMID- 32593 TI - [Role of the "coagulation-fibrinolytic-thrombocytic" system in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiopathies]. PMID- 32594 TI - [Atypical clinical forms of gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 32595 TI - [Atrial hemodynamic characteristics after electroconversion]. PMID- 32596 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse. Study of 10 cases (preliminary note)]. PMID- 32597 TI - [Studies concerning the mechanism of direct hyperbilirubinemia]. PMID- 32598 TI - [Biochemical diagnosis of cholestasis]. PMID- 32600 TI - [Polycystic renal disease in adults (clinical considerations on 105 cases)]. PMID- 32599 TI - [Incidence of streptococcal injections in essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 32601 TI - [Studies of blood sugar equilibrium in chronic nephropathies]. PMID- 32602 TI - [Study of the familial factor in desseminated lupus erythematosus (DLE)]. PMID- 32603 TI - [Transitory atrioventricular block induced by acute alcoholic intoxication. Considerations on 2 cases]. PMID- 32604 TI - [Symposium on the problems of drug therapy; Liege, 12 April 1978]. PMID- 32605 TI - [Problems of practical nephrology, Aigle, 1978. Introduction]. PMID- 32606 TI - [Practical nephrology (3d French-speaking Swiss conference on nephrology, Aigle, 6/1/78)]. PMID- 32607 TI - [HLA and diseases. Physiopathological role of major histocompatibility complex (continued)]. PMID- 32608 TI - The bioavailability of benorylate in hot beverages. AB - It has been recommended that benorylate may be administered with hot beverages to overcome the problem of its relative unpalatability. Urine salicylate recovery used as a measure of bioavailability in 20 normal subjects has shown that hot coffee has no significant effect on drug availability from the orally administered suspension. PMID- 32609 TI - A comparison of benorylate and naproxen in degenerative arthritis. AB - A single-blind two-week comparison of benorylate and naproxen tablets was carried out in 85 patients with painful osteoarthritis. The degree of discomfort, pain at rest and on movement, joint stiffness and difficulty using affected joints all improved during the study with no significant difference between the treatments. Both patients' and observers' assessment of overall improvement favoured benorylate although the difference was not statistically significant. The majority had disease of weight-bearing joints for which Benoral was significantly more effective. Both drugs were well tolerated. PMID- 32610 TI - [Effect of organic mercury pesticides on the activity of acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase A and beta glucuronidase in the liver and blood of rats]. PMID- 32611 TI - [Microsomal biogenesis of fatty acids by condensation of carrier proteins and a multi-enzymatic complex]. PMID- 32612 TI - The peripheral platelet count in response to adrenergic alpha-and beta-1-receptor stimulation. AB - The aim of the present work was to investigate the effect of adrenergic alpha- and beta-1-receptor stimulation on the peripheral platelet count. The experiments were carried out on 8 healthy male volunteers using radioisotopically labelled platelets. 3 subjects received i.v. infusions of adrenaline (0.09 microgram X kg 1 X min-1) before and after the ingestion of 40 mg propranolol. In response to the first infusion there was an instant increase in the venous platelet-bound radioactivity (PBR) which amounted to 12% over basal value. This effect of adrenaline seemed to be potentiated by propranolol pretreatment. 5 subjects received i.v. infusions of the highly selective beta-1-receptor agonist H 133/22 (prenalterol, Hassle, Sweden). In response to a cumulative dose of 4.75 mg prenalterol a slight but significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in PBR occurred. It is concluded that alpha-receptor stimulation causes a depletion of platelets from the exchangeable splenic platelet pool resulting in a concomitant increase in the peripheral platelet count. Beta-receptor stimulation has an opposite effect on the spleen. The trapping of platelets by the spleen is mediated both via beta-1- and beta-2-receptors, but the effect of beta-2-receptor stimulation seems to predominate. PMID- 32613 TI - 121st meeting of the Swiss Neurological Society held jointly with the British Neurological Society, 26-27 May 1978 at Montreux. PMID- 32614 TI - Electrocardiographic findings in patients with connective tissue disease. AB - ECG changes in 49 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 18 with ankylosing spondylitis, 47 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 17 with dermatomyositis, 21 with scleroderma and 7 with polyarteritis nodosa were compared with ECG changes in 106 control subjects. The classification of ECG findings was based mainly on the Minnesota Code. Compared with control subjects, pathological Q--QS, ST segment and T wave patterns were more common in all patient groups--including dermatomyositis, in which cardiac involvement has rarely been reported. P terminal force (PTF) was higher in the patient group. Conduction defects were probably more common in connective tissue diseases, whereas differences in ectopic beats, arrhythmias, QRS duration and QRS axis and R wave amplitude were not significant. The only significant difference between the steroid-treated patients and those without such treatment was the higher frequency of ST changes in the steroid-treated group. The results imply that heart affection is common in all connective tissue diseases. The several mechanisms underlying the cardiac involvement are reflected in many ways in the electrocardiograms of these patients, including an increased frequency of ECG changes mimicking those met in coronary heart disease. PMID- 32615 TI - Twice daily dosage of bacampicillin in chronic bronchitis. A double-blind study. AB - Three groups of patients (total 48) with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were treated orally for 10 days, in a double-blind clinical trial, with bacampicillin (an ampicillin ester) 1600 mg twice daily, 800 mg three times daily and oral ampicillin 1000 mg three times daily. Most exacerbations were caused by Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clinical and bacteriological results were significantly more favourable in the two bacampicillin-treated groups. Both drugs were generally well tolerated. Serum and sputum ampicillin assays after the first dose showed higher and earlier peak levels after bacampicillin. Only after bacampicillin did the sputum levels regularly exceed the ampicillin M.I.C. for the Haemophilus influenzae strains. After the 1600 mg and 800 mg dose these levels averaged 0.85 and 0.41 mg/l respectively. One third of the Haemophilus influenzae strains studied required more than 0.25 mg/l ampicillin for inhibition of growth. Bacampicillin 1600 mg twice daily appears to be an effective and safe treatment for most episodes of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. PMID- 32616 TI - Metabolism and mutagenicity of styrene. PMID- 32617 TI - [Pancreatic islet cell tumors and their syndromes. II. Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, glucagonoma syndrome, multiple endocrine adenomatosis and islet cell tumors not obviously provable]. PMID- 32618 TI - The reward system of the brain. PMID- 32619 TI - Intraventricular carbachol mimics the effects of light on the circadian rhythm in the rat pineal gland. AB - Environmental lighting regulates numerous circadian rhythms, including the cycle in pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity. Brief exposure of rats to light can shift the phase of this enzyme's circadian rhythm. Light also rapidly reduces nocturnal enzyme activity. Intraventricular injections of carbachol, a cholinergic agonist, can mimic both of these effects. Light and carbachol presumably act on the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. These experiments demonstrate the feasibility of using a neuropharmacologic approach to the mechanisms underlying mammalian circadian rhythms. PMID- 32620 TI - Methylazoxymethanol treatment of fetal rats results in abnormally dense noradrenergic innervation of neocortex. AB - A single injection of methylazoxymethanol in pregnant rats at 15 days of gestation results in severe cortical atrophy in the offspring. In the adult offspring, the neurochemical markers for the cortical gamma-aminobutyric acid containing neurons are severely reduced, whereas the noradrenergic markers are minimally altered. Immunohistofluorescence microscopy demonstrates a marked increase in the density of noradrenergic axons which have an abnormal pattern of distribution in the atrophic cortex. The results suggest that the central noradrenergic neurons determine the number of axons to be formed early in brain development, but local factors in the terminal field regulate the ultimate distribution of the noradrenergic axons. PMID- 32621 TI - Fertilization: a uterine glycosaminoglycan stimulates the conversion of sperm proacrosin to acrosin. AB - Acrosin is a proteinase required for mammalian fertilization, and in freshly ejaculated spermatozoa exists as an inactive zymogen, proacrosin. A factor prsent in uterine flushings of gilts stimulates the conversion of highly pruified boar proacrosin to acrosin. Characterization of this factor indicates that its active component is a glycosaminoglycan. PMID- 32622 TI - [Interest of tiaprid in chronic ethylism and psychic disorders (author's transl)]. AB - Tiapride was applied to 25 mostly alcoholic patients affected by tremor, agitation and psychic disorders, with favourable results in more than half cases. By oral or parenteral way, efficacy is the same and the minimal active dose may be fixed at 300-400 mg/24 h. The treatment is well tolerated. PMID- 32623 TI - [The practitioner faced with anxiety and somatic symptoms (author's transl)]. AB - In order to determine the psychopharmacological profile of tiapride, the authors carried out 3 studies. The first study of ten resistant psychiatric cases permitted us to detect the direction of later studies. The object of the second was to analyse the neurovisceral properties and the action of tiapride on somatic symptoms due to anxiety in 25 ambulatory patients. The last study was a therapeutic approach. Tiapride appears to be one of the best drugs for anxiety in one of the 3 following circumstances: a paroxysmal or chronic somatic expression, depression, or behaviour suggesting latent and masked psychosis or early psychosis. Tiapride is tolerated in the same way as a neuroleptic for even in low dosage (150-300 mg/day) may appear undesirable side effects of extrapyramidal type. On the other hand, and contrary to sulpiride, neuro-endocrine effects are exceptional. PMID- 32624 TI - [Abnormal involuntary movements in the elderly and their treatment (author's transl)]. AB - In the elderly, there are two main types of abnormal involuntary movements: tremors on one hand and dyskinesias on the other. Among tremors, senile and parkinsonian types have to be separated because they have different semeiologic signs and distinct therapeutics. Senile tremor is present during movements and tonically maintained attitude. It affects upper extremities (often asymmetrically) and the head; it is reduced by alcohol. When possible (in the absence of contrindications) its best treatment is by beta-blockers. Parkinsonian tremor is typically present at rest and is reduced by a voluntary movement. L dopa is active but in the elderly the dosis has to be reduced. Dyskinesias are repetitive but not rythmic involuntary movements which are made at the speed of a normal movement. There are at least two types of dyskinesias: spontaneous and post neuroleptics (i.e. tradive). Spontaneous dyskinesias essentially involve the axial muscles and are chiefly bucco-linguo-facial. They are well controlled by various neuroleptics. If eventual side effects are taken into account, tiapride appears to represent the good choice. Tardive dyskinesias do not disappear when responsible neuroleptics are stopped and are usually permanent. Paradoxically, when necessary, their treatment consists in resuming a neuroleptic prescription. PMID- 32625 TI - Diagnosis and management of fetal distress during labor. PMID- 32626 TI - Fetal scalp sampling: its place in management. PMID- 32627 TI - International Geographical Union XVIIth International Congress Washington, 1952. First Report of the Commision on Medical Geography (Ecology) of Health and Disease. PMID- 32628 TI - Penicillin-insensitive pneumococci: isolation from patients with pneumonia. AB - Pneumococci relatively insensitive to penicillin G were isolated from the sputum of two patients with pneumonia. One of the organisms was also relatively insensitive to ampicillin, cefamandole, and cephalothin and was resistant to tetracycline. Because penicillin-insensitive pneumococci are being reported with greater frequency, continued surveillance of pneumococcal sensitivity to penicillin is appropriate. PMID- 32630 TI - [The 4th Scientific Conference of Immunologists]. PMID- 32629 TI - [Ways of improving the teaching subject of internal diseases in medical schools (according to the materials of the All-Union educational-methodical conference)]. PMID- 32631 TI - Measurement of fetal scalp pH by continuous-recording scalp electrode and correlation with capillary blood pH. AB - Experience with the use of a continuous-recording scalp electrode for fetal pH in subcutaneous scalp tissue is described. After initial problems, the correlation with capillary blood pH, taken by fetal scalp blood sampling, was found to be good, and it is concluded that this method is accurate enough to merit further trials in clinical practice. Residual technical problems remain which should not prove insurmountable. PMID- 32633 TI - Symposium on burns. PMID- 32632 TI - [Gastroenterological nurses' seminar in Sweden]. PMID- 32634 TI - Metabolic changes in burned patients. AB - The systemic metabolic and circulatory alterations following thermal injury are directed to support the healing wound. The open wound is an immediate priority of the body; structural and functional components of uninjured tissue undergo breakdown to provide energy, substrate, and micronutrients for the healing wound. Glucose is synthesized by the liver and utilized by granulation tissue. Wound blood flow is elevated and the injured surface is heated to enhance repair. These changes in systemic metabolism and directed by alterations in neurohumoral control; the exact mechanisms ultilized by the wound to initiate these changes are presently not known. PMID- 32635 TI - [Anti-inflammatory preparations in dental practice. Antihistamines and enzymes]. PMID- 32636 TI - [Report of the 16th Congress of the International Council of Nurses in Tokyo, Japan, May 30- June 3, 1977, in "New Horizons for nurses"]. PMID- 32637 TI - [Report of the 16th Congress of the International Council of Nurses in Tokyo, Japan, May 30-June 3, 1977, in "New Horizons for nurses"]. PMID- 32638 TI - [Report of the 16th Congress of the International Council of Nurses in Tokyo, Japan, May 30-June 3, 1977, in "New Horizons for Nurses"]. PMID- 32639 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of the hypnotics. Comparison of changes in the modifications of the vigilance under the influence of the estazolam and the nitrazepam]. PMID- 32640 TI - [Leukocyte migration test and the allergenicity of a drug]. PMID- 32641 TI - [14th International Therapeutics Congress, 8-10 September 1977, Montpellier, France. Abstracts]. PMID- 32642 TI - [Comprehensive care conference in Caux, Switzerland; 14-17 August 1978--a different kind of conference]. PMID- 32643 TI - [Research in nursing. Report of the 1st Conference for European Nurse Researchers]. PMID- 32644 TI - Difference in the effect of bucolome on the hepatic transport maximum of sulfobromophthalein and indocyanine green. AB - The effects of bucolome (BC, 1-cyclohexyl-5-n-butyl-2,4,6 trioxoperhydropyrimidine, a non-steroid antiinflammatory agent), a potent choleretic, on the maximal biliary excretion rates (Tm) of sulfobromophthalein (BSP) and indocyanine green (ICG) were investigated in rats. With continuous infusion of BSP or ICG, Tm and bile flow rate in control rats and rats given BC (40--100 min after 20 mg/100 g body weight i.p. injection) were compared. The BSP Tm was not significantly different in control and BC administered rats (BC rats), while the bile flow rate and endogenous bile salts excretion rate were significantly higher in BC rats. On the other hand, ICG Tm was significantly higher in BC rats, although ICG concentration in bile was significantly lower in BC rats. The rates of the rise in plasma concentration of the dyes were significantly lower in BC rats. However, the plasma concentration of ICG was significantly higher in BC rats at corresponding time intervals than in control rats throughout the experimental period. The difference in the effect of BC on the transport of these two dyes indicates variability in the regulatory mechanisms for hepatic anion transport. PMID- 32645 TI - Effects of adrenergic agonists and antagonists on immediate cutaneous reactions in bronchial asthma. AB - Asthmatic patients who showed an allergic skin reaction to house-dust antigen (HD) were injected intradermally with a mixture of HD and a various dose of isoproterenol (Isopr) or propranolol (Propr). In some cases Isopr clearly suppressed the formation of the wheal, but in some others Isopr did not much affect the allergic skin reaction. Also Propr increased markedly the skin reaction of some patients, or had little effect on it. The sensitivity of the skin of asthmatic patients to these drugs was closely correlated with the general response of the patients to adrenaline, such as changes in heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, blood glucose level, and blood triglyceride level. PMID- 32646 TI - Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Laboratory Meeting Demonstrations. Scottish Branch, Appleton Tower, University of Edinburgh Thursday, 18th May, 1978. Reports of demonstrations. PMID- 32647 TI - Sir Richard Christophers: A Tribute. PMID- 32648 TI - Intrathymic and extrathymic T cell maturation. PMID- 32649 TI - Collaborative role of macrophages in interactions between parental and F1 hybrid strain lymphocytes. PMID- 32650 TI - Ontogeny of suppressor cells. II. Suppression of graft-versus-host and mixed leukocyte culture responses by embryonic cells. AB - Ontogenic development of suppressor cells was studied in mouse embryos. It was found that liver cells of embryos at various stages of gestation were capable of interfering with the mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) reaction. The MLC reaction was also inhibited by embryonic spleen and thymus cells. However, the latter were inhibitory only when originating in 16- and 17-day-old embryos. Embryonic liver cells were also found to interfere with the graft-versus-host (GVH) response induced in neonatal (BALB/c x C57BL)F1 or (C3H X C57BL)F1 mice by adult parental type C57BL spleen cells. The effect was expressed in the mortality rates but was less pronounced in the splenomegaly reaction measured in vivo or in an in vitro test system. Suppression of the GVH mortality response was manifested predominantly when the liver cells were syngeneic with the effector cells. In contrast, the MLC reaction was inhibited by liver cells syngeneic or allogeneic with the effector cells. The possible developmental patterns of these cells are discussed. PMID- 32651 TI - Drug-induced chimerism and prevention of graft-versus-host disease in lethally irradiated mice transplanted with rat bone marrow. PMID- 32652 TI - Successful transplantation of marrow from an HLA-A, -B, -D mismatched heterozygous sibling donor into an HLA-D-homozygous patient with aplastic anemia. AB - A patient with aplastic anemia who was found to be homozygous for an HLA-D determinant shared by her unrelated parents achieved sustained engraftment and full restoration of hematopoietic and lymphoid function following a transplant from an HLA-A and -B nonidentical, ABO incompatible sibling who was heterozygous for the shared HLA-D specificity. Transplantation was complicated by transient graft-versus-host disease of moderate severity, which resolved completely following treatment with antithymocyte globulin and prednisone. The case indicates that patients found to be HLA-D-homozygous may be successfully transplanted from HLA-D-heterozygous sibling donors despite HLA-A and HLA-B incompatibilities, and thus further demonstrates the importance of the HLA-D region as a marker of donor-host histocompatibility. PMID- 32653 TI - Reconstruction of glutamine synthetase using computer averaging. AB - The axial projection of the glutamine synthetase molecule has been reconstructed from electron micrographs of a stained preparation by using a new method of correlation search and averaging. The average over 50 individual molecules appears as a radial pattern with sixfold symmetry. The handedness evident in the average is attributed to nonuniformity of the negative stain. PMID- 32654 TI - Ultrasonic absorption in the human breast cyst liquids. PMID- 32655 TI - Pathological aspects of the infertile testis. AB - In this review, the pathological findings from testicular biopsies of men suffering from various types of infertility are presented. The causes of male infertility are divided into three major categories: pretesticular, testicular, and post-testicular causes. The pre-testicular causes of infertility may be defined as extra-gonadal endocrine disorders, such as those originating in the hypothalamus, pituitary, or adrenals, which have an adverse effect on spermatogenesis. The testicular causes of infertility are primary defects of the testes. The post-testicular causes of infertility consist primarily of obstructions of the ducts leading away from the testes. Cases in which the spermatozoa are normal in number but greatly impaired in motility, presumably due to faulty maturation or improper preservation of the spermatozoa during their sojourn in the epididymides, or due to biochemical abnormalities of the seminal plasma, are also included in the postesticular category. PMID- 32656 TI - [Use of prolonged moderate ganglionic blockade in prevention of acute liver insufficiency in patients operated upon for liver and biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 32657 TI - [Immobilized asparaginase and its use in medicine]. PMID- 32658 TI - [Glucose-6-phosphate transformation in the tissues of animals which have received high doses of hydroxythiamine or thiamine]. AB - Administration of hydroxythiamin or thiamin into rats at a dose 400 mg/kg body weight caused a single-directed (unspecific, nonenzymatic) effect on the activity of glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases within short periods (3-12 hrs). Within 24 and 72 hrs the effects of vitamin and antivitamin acquired the opposite (specific) direction towards the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in liver tissues. Content of glucose-6-phosphate was altered depending on time of hydroxythiamin effect. Reverse correlation between the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and content of the substrate was observed in heart muscle either after administration of hydroxythiamin or thiamin; the phenomenon suggest that dehydrogenase reactions affect considerably the regulation of glucose-6-phosphate content in the tissue. PMID- 32659 TI - [Detection and possible role of DNAases in the secretion of human lacrimal glands]. PMID- 32660 TI - [Symposium on rabies]. PMID- 32661 TI - [International symposium on the molecular biology of influenza and hepatitis viruses]. PMID- 32663 TI - Symposium on vitamin and carrier functions of polyprenoids. PMID- 32662 TI - [Case of the necrotic form of periarteritis nodosa manifested by severe complications in the gastrointestinal system]. AB - A case is described with a rare, not typical form of periarteriitis nodosa. The disease is manifested with an acute complication in the gastrointestinal tract, and later a typical clinical picture of periarteriitis nodosa developed--severe affection of the arterial vessels of the whole organism and thrombotic-necrotic lesions of the vessels of the parenchymal organs, gastrointestinal tract and the extremities. PMID- 32664 TI - International Symposium on Renal Adaptation to Nephron Loss. PMID- 32665 TI - Evidence for altered cyclic nucleotide metabolism during compensatory renal hypertrophy and neonatal kidney growth. AB - In adult male Sprague-Dawley rats contralateral nephrectomy was followed by an initial fall of the concentration of cGMP in renal cortical tissue followed by a rise to a peak level of 300 percent of the initial concentration within two hours. cGMP concentration in the remaining renal cortex remained at about 300 percent of the initial value during the subsequent 72 hours and slowly declined to 150-200 percent in the following two weeks. The changes in cGMP concentration were due to exactly parallel changes in the soluble fraction of renal cortical guanylate cyclase activity, while cGMP-phosphodiesterase activity remained unchanged. cAMP concentration after contralateral nephrectomy fell significantly by about 25 percent within two hours and remained below baseline level for up to eight hours. In the kidneys of newborn rats the concentration of cAMP was approximately one-half that found in adult kidneys: it slightly fell between the fourth and the seventh day after birth and subsequently continuously rose to reach adult values approximately two weeks after birth. The concentration of cGMP was significantly greater four days after birth than in adult rats, further rose between the fourth and the seventh day after birth and subsequently gradually declined to adult levels. The increased cGMP concentration appears to be due to an increase of guanylate cyclase activity in total kidney homogenates which, in turn, was mainly due to an increase of the particulate (membrane-bound) fraction of the enzyme. cGMP-phosphodiesterase activity, however, was also increased in respect to adult levels, one or three weeks after birth. Renal growth from the seventh day after birth to adulthood is accompanied by a continuous increase of the ratio cAMP/cGMP. Removal of one kidney four to seven days after birth resulted in a slower increase of this ratio. The data suggest that cGMP may trigger renal growth and that increases of cGMP concentration in the kidneys are the result of a primary increase in the activity of guanylate cyclase. PMID- 32666 TI - Regulative influence of o-aminobenzoic acid on the biosynthesis of nourseothricin in cultures of Streptomyces noursei JA 3890b. III. Change of redox state of nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotides in the presence of aminobenzoic acids. AB - o-Aminobenzoic acid (OABA, anthranilic acid) and related compounds which are known to stimulate the biosynthesis of streptothricin-type antibiotic nourseothricin by Streptomyces noursei JA 3890b were found to increase strongly the NADH/NAD+ ratio in growing mycelium of this strain suggesting that these effectors are capable of interfering with the function of the respiratory chain. In parallel, a complex shift of metabolism was induced shown by simultaneous alteration of mycelial activities of alanine dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. These changes may be responsible for the observed delay of amino acid catabolism and may improve the precursor supply of the secondary metabolism. PMID- 32667 TI - [Autolysis in fungi. I. Autolysis of Coprinus and in fungal cultures]. PMID- 32668 TI - [Enzymes of the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in Hansenula henricii: anthranilate phosphoribosylpyrophosphate-phosphoribosyltransferase (E.C.2.4.2.18)]. PMID- 32669 TI - [Oxidation of homologous aliphatic aldehydes by membrane-bound and solubilized aldehyde dehydrogenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus]. PMID- 32670 TI - [Autolysis in fungi. II. Autolytic catabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids]. PMID- 32671 TI - [Rehabilitation and gerontology (author's transl)]. AB - The 9th congress of the GDR Society for Rehabilitation was organized jointly with the GDR Society for Gerontology and held from 4 to 6 January 1977. The article outlines observations made at and conclusions derived from this important scientific event. Three major problems were discussed: rehabilitation of chronically ill and handicapped persons of advanced age within the working process as a task for society as a whole; the combination between gerontology and rehabilitation as a result of the change in the age and morbidity structures of economically advanced countries; beginnings and first experience in the field of gerontology-oriented rehabilitation in the GDR and recommendations made by WHO on the planning and organization of geriatric services with special consideration for rehabilitation in advanced age. PMID- 32672 TI - [Drug therapy and metaphylaxis of urolithiasis]. PMID- 32673 TI - [Mechanism of action and methods for prescription of antidepressive agents and neuroleptics for medical practice]. PMID- 32674 TI - Metabolism of arachidonic acid by platelets: utilization of arachidonic acid by human platelets in presence of linoleic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acids. AB - In vitro human platelet prostaglandin synthesis has been studied from added radioactive arachidonic acid (i) as function of substrate concentration, (ii) as function of platelet concentration and (iii) as function of pH. Platelets, as in platelet rich plasma when labelled with arachidonic acid, washed and treated with thrombin, released radioactivity mainly from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol. The released radioactivity was mostly accounted for by the formation of the previously identified oxygenation products of arachidonic acid. Platelet utilization or arachidonic acid was also studied in presence of linoleic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acids, the two essential fatty acids known for antithrombotic effect. At its high concentrations linoleic acid decreased platelet cyclo-oxygenase activity as seen by a decreased formation of endoperoxides from arachidonic acid. Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid was found to be a mutually competitive substrate with arachidonic acid for the platelet prostaglandin synthetase thus causing reduced utilization of arachidonic acid as shown by measuring the various oxygenation products of arachidonic acid. These two acids were utilized differently by platelet prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 32675 TI - [The problem of the Romano-Ward syndrome--misinterpretation as genuine epilepsy]. AB - It is reported on a case of Romano-Ward-syndrome in a 40-year-old female patient. The problems of the most frequent false interpretation as idiopathic epilepsy as well as the differential-diagnostic considerations concerning the exclusion of symptomatic QT(U)-elongations in the ECG are entered. The pathomechanisms which perhaps are the basis of the syndrome are discussed. PMID- 32677 TI - [18th Congress for psychiatric nurses and technicians in Heidelberg]. PMID- 32676 TI - [Influence of drugs used in obstetrics on carbohydrate metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - Drugs used in obstetrics which affect carbohydrate metabolism are reviewed in regard to their mode of action and their effects on diabetic pregnancies. Hyperglycemic reactions can be expected following administration of diuretics (especially with long acting thiazides), diazoxide, beta-adrenergic stimulants (tocolytics), glucocorticoids, and prolactin. Hypoglycemic reactions can occur with high doses of acetylsalicylic acid and in the presence of insulin with beta adrenergic blockers or other inhibitors of the sympathetic system such as guanethidine. Other drugs affecting the carbohydrate metabolism are listed in regard to their hypo- or hyperglycemic effects. PMID- 32678 TI - [The heart in hypertension. V. Systolic and diastolic wall stress and degree of hypertrophy as determinants of diagnostic and therapeutical consequences (author's transl)]. AB - The appropriateness of hypertrophy was analyzed in 64 patients with essential hypertension during diagnostic cardiac catheterization and left ventriculography. The degree of hypertrophy may be described by the relationships between peak systolic pressure, mass to volume ratio and peak systolic wall stress. The peak systolic wall stress represents an important determinant of the appropriateness of hypertrophy and has great influence on left ventricular function and myocardial energy demand. The hypertrophy in essential hypertension may be subdivided into 3 different types of hypertrophy: (a) inappropriate hypertrophy associated with increased mass-to-volume ratio and decreased systolic wall stress, (b) appropriate hypertrophy with normal systolic wall stress and (c) inappropriate hypertrophy with normal or decreased mass-to-volume ratio, however with significantly increased systolic wall stress. On the basis of the appropriateness or degree of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension the therapeutical consequences are being discussed with special reference to beta receptor blockade and digitalis glycosides. PMID- 32679 TI - [ECG body surface mapping--a new tool of electrocardiography. Report on a meeting at the University Karlsruhe (author's transl)]. PMID- 32680 TI - [Use of ion exchange membranes in electrophoresis]. PMID- 32681 TI - The effect Mg2+ on the reduction of NADP by an artificial electron donor. AB - The effect of Mg2+ on the light-dependent reduction of NADP by an artificial electron donor has been investigated with isolated broken chloroplasts. In both short and long wavelength actinic light, addition of the salt under most conditions stimulates the yield and the saturation rate. The magnitude of the stimulation is a function of pH. The data indicate that previous interpretations of the Mg2+ effect in this system invoking changes in the spill-over rate between the photosystems is no longer tenable. It is suggested that addition of the salt causes activation of inactive reaction centers. PMID- 32682 TI - [On the ecology of filariases (author's transl)]. PMID- 32683 TI - [Gastropulgit gel in medical practice. Report on experiences with a mucosa protective adhesive antacid]. PMID- 32684 TI - [Status and prospects for study of the laws of higher nervous activity in accordance with the long-term "Brain" program]. PMID- 32685 TI - Experimental gastric ulcer induced by cinchophen. PMID- 32686 TI - Abstracts from the 6th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nigerian Cardiac Society University College Hospital May 28th, 1977. PMID- 32688 TI - [Attempt at the classification (districting) of rural locales in the Kirghiz SSR for the purposes of organizing public health]. PMID- 32687 TI - Prevention and its possibilities. report on the Work Meeting Davos Forum 1978: Limits of medicine III. PMID- 32689 TI - [Disability of the rural population and its medical support]. PMID- 32690 TI - [Experience in studying patient visits for medical care before and after establishing disability]. PMID- 32691 TI - [ECG changes in the active form of Itsenko-Cushing disease and in a state of clinical remission]. PMID- 32692 TI - [Nephropexy with muscle flaps]. PMID- 32693 TI - [State of the dynamic function of the thrombocytes and of the coagulating capacities of the erythrocytes in experimental hyporegenerative anemia]. PMID- 32694 TI - [Basic trends in immunological research on high-altitude adaptation]. PMID- 32695 TI - [State of blood coagulation in vascular eye disease]. PMID- 32696 TI - [Transplacental transfer of salmonellal antibodies and the immunological indices of specific protection in children during the 1st years of life]. PMID- 32697 TI - [Treatment of chemical injury to the esophagus]. PMID- 32698 TI - [Etiological structure of gastrointestinal diseases in children during the 1st years of life]. PMID- 32699 TI - [Giant ovarian cystoma (a case from practice)]. PMID- 32700 TI - [Echinococcosis of the urogenital system]. PMID- 32701 TI - [Beishen Turusbekovich Turusbekov (on his 50th birthday)]. PMID- 32702 TI - [Basic principles of Soviet medical deontology]. PMID- 32703 TI - Influence of soil pH and calcium nutrition on resistance of alfalfa to bacterial and verticillium wilt. AB - Alfalfa plants of a resistant, a susceptible and a highly susceptible strains were grown in unlimed soil at pH 5.8 and in limed one at pH 6.9 and inoculated by the pathogens of vascular wilt, Corynebacterium insidiosum and Verticillium albo atrum. Two types of liming were performed: 1) before inoculation and 2) after inoculation. Liming of the soil led to an increase in number of resistant plants. In susceptible plants the external symptoms of disease on the plant tops were delayed or alleviated. This phenomen was more conspicuous with Verticillium wilt than with bacterial wilt. The favourable effect of liming was less distinct in resistant strains than in susceptible ones. For an increase in resistance, post infection liming of the soil was more effective in the case of bacterial wilt, while pre-infection liming provided the best results in the Verticillium wilt. The nitrogen content in the dry matter of roots from plants grown in limed soil was higher by more than a quarter as compared to roots from plants growing in unlimed soil. PMID- 32704 TI - [Cobalt-chromium alloys, their properties and handling]. PMID- 32705 TI - [Studies of the ph dependency of the rubella HAI test (author's transl)]. AB - To establish a possible dependency of the rubella hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test upon the pH value, 4 pooled sera were examined for their content of rubella-specific antibody in the HAI test at varying pH (6.0;6.5;7.0;7.5;8.0). The results obtained for the range of pH 6.0--8.0 speak against a pH dependency of the rubella HAI test. PMID- 32706 TI - [Aqueous iodine solutions as disinfectants: composition, stability, comparison with chlorine and bromine solution (author's transl)]. AB - The equilibrium concentrations of aqueous iodine solutions in dependence of the total concentration and the pH-value have been calculated with and without regard of the iodate formation. The values obtained by the latter methode enabled by application of the known rate law to calculate the initial rate of the iodate formation and to draw from this conclusions concerning the stability of iodine solutions. On the grounds of these calculations to aqueous iodine solutions in the concentration and pH-range which is relevant for disinfection (greater than 10(-5) M/l, pH 6--9) one can attribute a stability sufficient for the use in practice and - unlike chlorine and bromine solutions - a content of bactericidal "free halogene" which is higher and independent of the pH-value. The disinfecting action of the iodine cation (H2O+J) which is supposed to be very powerful can be neglected because of its low concentration (10(-3)--10(-6%) of the total concentration). Hypoiodic acid which has already been converted into iodate by disproportionation is as good as lost for the disinfection because of the extremely slow reverse reaction. PMID- 32707 TI - Intestinal rennet activity of newborn lambs. PMID- 32708 TI - [Effect of adrenoreceptor blockade on plasma renin activity during postnatal ontogenesis in dogs]. AB - The activity of renin in the blood plasma of 10-, 18--22-day and 2--3-month puppies is higher than in adult dogs. Blocking beta adrenoreceptors in 18--22 day, 2--3 month and adult animals decreases the activity of renin. Hypotensive effect following beta adrenergic block in 10-day puppies and alfa adrenergic block in puppies of all age groups is accompanied by the increase in renin activity. In early ontogenesis, the leading role in regulation of renin secretion belongs to changes in renal hemodynamics. PMID- 32709 TI - [Scientific and practical conference of neuropathologists and psychiatrists of Uzbekistan (October 28--29, 1977)]. PMID- 32710 TI - [Age patterns in the dynamics of unfavorably developing forms of schizophrenia in the light of late follow-ups in old age]. AB - On the basis of study of 376 elderly patients it was established that the progression of the schizophrenic process, even in unfavorably developing forms (continuous-progressive, attacklike becoming continuous and attacklike with protracted attacks) in most of the cases is not unlimited. The greatest activity of the morbid process is seen in middle age and in the involutional period, while its alleviation (irrespective of age of the disease onset) coincides with senescence. These data may facilitate an establishment of a long-term prognosis and determine the correct therapeutic and social measures in relation to patients of old age. PMID- 32711 TI - [Neurohumoral shifts in brain tumor patients]. AB - The metabolism of acetylcholine and sympatheticoadrenal substances was studied in patients with cerebral tumors. A significant increase in the content of acetylcholine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid with a simultaneous decrease in the content of inhibitors and sympatheticoadrenal substances were established. A direct dependence between the degree of intracranial hypertension and the level of acetylcholine in blood and cerebrospinal fluid was revealed. Disorders of the metabolism of biologically active substances and their role in the pathogenesis of edema of the brain substantiate pathogenetically the inclusion of cholinolytic and sympathicotonic drugs in the symptomatic treatment of patients with cerebral tumors. PMID- 32712 TI - [Changes in cerebrospinal fluid pressure following administration of sodium hydroxybutyrate and viadril-G to patients with brain tumors]. AB - The effect of sodium oxybutyrate and viadril-G on intracranial pressure was tested in 30 patients with tumours in injecting an anaesthetic. The electromanometric method was applied in measuring the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid and central venous pressure. A considerable reduction of intracranial pressure was noted in inducing anaesthesia by sodium oxybutyrate (by 34.5%) and viadril-G (by 24%), which was attended by an increase in perfusional brain pressure. PMID- 32713 TI - Analysis of pH-induced changes of the glycolysis of human erythrocytes. AB - The full time courses of some important metabolites of the glycolysis of human erythrocytes are reported following pH-shifts from pH 7.4 to 8.1 and from 8.1 to 6.9. The regulatory enzymes which are affected by the pH-transitions have been identified by computer simulation using a mathematical model of the erythrocyte glycolysis. It is concluded that in the transition to pH 8.1 the hexokinase phosphofructokinase system is activated and the pyruvate kinase is inhibited. At pH 6.9 the hexokinase-phosphofructokinase system and the bisphosphoglycerate mutase are inhibited whereas the non-glycolytic ATP-consuming processes seem to be activated. PMID- 32714 TI - [Properties of vagal excitation transfer to the heart atrium]. AB - A mathematical model of pre- and postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fiber excitation transfer is developed. This model gives a measure Q of acetylcholine (ACh) release from presynaptic preganglionic boutons and postganglionic varicosities. When increasing Ca++ the measure Q increases too. Na-ions exert a competitive inhibition. The relationship between Q and the Ca/Na2-quotient is a hyperbolic one. Mn++ inhibits the release of ACh non-competitively. Q increases both by excess potassium and Cs+ depolarization. The ACh release is diminished by Mg++. Ba++ cannot replace the effect of Ca++ on ACh release in Ca++ depleting conditions. Q increases with decreasing pH-level. The ACh release is not significantly influenced by increasing pH, Verapamil (4 mg/l), prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha (20 ng/ml) and substitution of nonpermeable anions for Cl-. PMID- 32715 TI - Alkaline ribonuclease associated with polyribosomes in fibroblasts of experimental granulation tissue. AB - Alkaline ribonuclease (RNase) from polyribosomes derived from experimental granulation tissue has been purified 1900-fold through affinity chromatography. The preparation was homogeneous in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an estimated molecular weight of 15 000. Purified RNase was completely inhibited in the presence of divalent ions Mg2+(100 mM) and Ca2+(100 mM) but activated slightly with Na+(50 mM). The enzyme is an endonuclease and the best substrates were poly(U), mixed RNA from yeast, rRNA from granulation tissue and poly(C). The estimated apparent Km-values were 0.037, 0.064, 0.13 and 0.27 g1-1, respectively. In polyribosomes RNase occurred in both free and p-chloromercuribenzoate (pCMB)-liberated forms. The total activity was at the highest but the proportion of the free activity minimal in the granulation tissue during the maximal synthesis of collagen. PMID- 32716 TI - Quantitative and functional assessment of peripheral T-lymphocytes in thyroid diseases. PMID- 32717 TI - Interrelation between gastric blood flow and HCl secretion in dogs. The basal condition and influence of secretory stimulants and vasoactive substances. AB - Total and mucosal blood flow in the nonsecreting stomach and the interrelation between local blood flow changes and gastric hydrochloric acid secretion as influenced by various drugs or hormones were investigated in 188 anaesthetized dogs. Substances acting on gastric acid secretion (histamine, pentagastrin, atropine and metiamide) and those showing vasoactive properties (norepinephrine, epinephrine, Hypertensin, nicotinic acid and glucagon) were used. Instillation of 0.1 N HCl solution into the stomach provided a good estimate of the mucosal blood flow of the nonsecreting stomach as measured by the aminopyrine clearance technique of Jacobson et al. Simultaneous recording of the total gastric blood flow with an electromagnetic blood flowmeter revealed the distribution of blood flowing through the mucosal and non-mucosal (submucosa-muscle) tissues of the resting stomach. During acid stimulation a shift of the gastric blood flow to the mucosa was observed, which may reach even 75--80% of the total amount of the blood supply during a given period. Metiamide entirely inhibited the gastric acid secretion induced by both histamine and pentagastrin, but did not parallelly diminish mucosal blood flow. Given during histamine infusion, glucagon strongly inhibited acid secretion while it did not decrease mucosal blood flow. PMID- 32718 TI - [Discussions with the speakers on histamine-H2-receptor antagonists. 21 April 1978, Vienna]. PMID- 32719 TI - [Histamine and its role in peptic gastric diseases: the discovery of histamine-H2 receptor antagonists]. AB - For the definition of histamine receptors the following prerequisites must be fulfilled: (1) Course of dose-response curves according to the mass-action law; (2) parallel displacement of these curves to the right in the presence of antagonists; (3) inhibition only by specific histamine antagonists; (4) slope of a Schild-plot not significantly different from unity. For H2-receptors these prerequisites could ideally be fulfilled, especially by the development of highly specific H2-receptor antagonists. However, this new class of compounds acts not only by mere competitive inhibition of histamine at its H2-receptor, but also by activating the metabolism of this secretagogue. A further explanation of the action of H2-receptor antagonists in the treatment of chronic duodenal ulcer may be given by studying the pathogenetic role played by histamine in the development of this disease: duodenal ulcer patients showed an increased liberation of histamine from mucosal mast cell stores as well as a decreased activity of histamine methyltransferase (i. e. longer action of histamine!). The rise in histamine content and histamine methyltransferase activity after vagotomy may be the basis for a biochemical explanation of the acid-reducing effect of this operation. PMID- 32720 TI - [Cimetidine in peptic ulcer hemorrhage and in reflux esophagitis]. AB - The therapeutic effect of cimetidine in the treatment of 27 patients with peptic gastrointestinal ulcer, and of 7 patients with acid gastrooesophageal reflux, is reported. This product is recommended for the treatment of these two entities. PMID- 32721 TI - 20th Annual Psychopharmacological Meeting, Jesenik, 1978. (Proceedings). PMID- 32722 TI - Influence of ethylalcohol on the effect of benzodiazepines in rats and mice. PMID- 32723 TI - Absence of Landolt's normalisation of EEG after anxiolytic drugs. PMID- 32724 TI - Placebo controlled study with tofisopam in anxious neurosis. PMID- 32725 TI - Bromazepam in out- and in-patient psychiatric practice. PMID- 32726 TI - Comparative clinical study of oxyprothepin and clothepin in psychoses. PMID- 32727 TI - Effect of physostigmine-Eunalgit interaction upon alimentary motor reflexes in cats. PMID- 32728 TI - Analgesic activities of some commonly used analgesics and analgesic mixtures in animal experiments. PMID- 32729 TI - General anesthesia for cardiac catheterisation in children. PMID- 32730 TI - Evaluation of drug-induced sedation in intubated patients. A new measuring scale. PMID- 32731 TI - Clinical use of lorazepam in postoperative intensive care. PMID- 32732 TI - ["Struggle against leprosy in Spain from 1901 till 1978"]. PMID- 32733 TI - Timolol. Hypotensive effect, used alone and in combination for treatment of increased intraocular pressure. AB - In 43 persons with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) Timolol maleate eye drops (0.25% and 0.5%) were used as a single and combined treatment. A significant decrease in IOP was noticed in 34 persons (P less than 0.001) initially. No diminished effect of treatment was apparent after 9 weeks in 34 subjects or after 15 weeks in 23 subjects with Timolol alone. In nine persons with high IOP, Timolol had a significant (P less than 0.001) but insufficient lowering effect. Epinephrine (1%) and acetazolamide appeared to have an additive effect in these cases. No serious local or systemic adverse effects were discovered. PMID- 32734 TI - The structural and functional organization of the vestibular apparatus of rats exposed to weightlessness for 20 days on board the Sputnik "Kosmos-782". AB - This investigation of the vestibular apparatus of rats exposed for 20 days to weightlessness on board an earth satellite and to acceleration during take-off and landing has revealed a set of changes in the structural and functional organization, such as adjoinment of the otolith to the utricle receptor surface and peripheral localization of the nucleoli inside the receptor cells' nuclei. Destruction of some receptor cells, apparently due to increased swelling of the vestibular apparatus tissue and alteration of the shape and structure of the otoconia were observed. In the horizontal crista, detachment of the cupula took place. PMID- 32735 TI - Physico-chemical modification of lidocaine uptake in rat lung tissue. AB - The uptake of lidocaine, methyllidocaine, bupivacaine, etidocaine was studied in rat lung slices at different pH-values. The accumulation of the quaternary analogue, methyllidocaine, was not changed in the pH interval 7.0--8.0. The uptake of the three other substances was about 3--4 times lower at pH 7.0 than at pH 8.0. The rank order of distribution at a fixed cation/base ratio was bupivacaine greater than etidocaine greater than lidocaine. Interactions between lidocaine and other substances were studied in lung slices and in isolated perfused lungs. Bupivacaine and nortriptyline counteracted the accumulation of 14C-lidocaine in lung slices in a dose-dependent manner. Nortriptyline was more effective than bupivacaine. In isolated perfused lung, bolus injections of nortriptyline and lidocaine rapidly displaced 14C-lidocaine from the tissue. In this study we suggest that the base form of local anaesthetics accumulate in the lung tissue, while the cationic form binds to accessible binding sites in the cell membranes. PMID- 32736 TI - The influence of biperiden in overdose on respiration and circulation in the dog. AB - Biperiden lactate was administered intravenously in overdose to dogs under general anaesthesia. Biperiden appeared to have a toxic influence on respiration and circulation independently. Respiratory arrest occurred at a dose of 33 +/- 10 mg/kg and has probably a central origin. When artificial ventilation was instituted circulatory standstill occurred at a dose of 45 +/- 5 mg/kg. The toxic influence of biperiden is characterised by a decrease of heart rate and of left ventricular contractility resulting in cardiogenic shock. Biperiden is compared with orphenadrine as far as its potential hazard is concerned for patients trying to commit suicide by ingesting an overdose. PMID- 32737 TI - Organic anion and cation transport in vitro by dog choroid plexus: effects of neuroleptics and tricyclic antidepressants. AB - Dog lateral choroid plexus accumulates the cation 14C-emepronium and the divalent anion 125I-iodipamide in vitro. At 10 micron, high potency neuroleptics with a substituted piperazine side chain and also haloperidol depress only the uptake of the cation and even stimulate the uptake of the anion. In contrast, at 1--10 micron, the accumulation of both test substances is inhibited by neuroleptics and tricyclic antidepressants with an aliphatic side chain. Such unspecific effects on seemingly unrelated transport systems at concentrations reached clinically in the CSF might explain some side actions of low potency neuroleptics and antidepressants. PMID- 32738 TI - Anti-arrhythmic action of melperone in the dog heart in situ. PMID- 32739 TI - Haemodynamic effects of the quaternary ammonium compound QX 572 in anaesthetized cats. III. Interactions with adrenergic beta-adrenoceptor blockade. AB - The positive cardiac chronotropic effects of the antiarrhythmic compound, QX 572, in anaesthetized cats has been shown mainly to be due to a release of catecholamines from sympathetic nerve-endings. Furthermore, these undesired effects of QX 572 on heart rate were decreased by adrenergic beta blockade in the animals. In the present study it was found that an adrenergic beta-blockade did not reveal any cardiodepressive effects of QX 572, that in the normal animals might have been masked by the effects of the drug-induced catecholamine-release. PMID- 32741 TI - International Symposium on Preservation and Storage of Organs and Tissues for Transplantation, September 8-10, 1977 Warsaw-Jablonna, Poland. PMID- 32740 TI - The effects of liver disease and aging on the disposition of diazepam, chlordiazepoxide, oxazepam and lorazepam in man. PMID- 32742 TI - Effects of some cardioactive drugs on the oxygen affinity of whole blood. AB - Increasing amounts of Digoxin, Lasix, Teofyllamin and CI-775 were added to human blood in vitro and the whole blood oxygen affinity was measured. We found no definite proof that any of the drugs was able to affect the oxygen affinity of the red cells even at unphysiologically high concentrations. PMID- 32743 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the XXXVI Scandinavian Congress of Internal Medicine. June 1-3, 1978 Oslo, Norway. PMID- 32744 TI - Bacterial alpha-amylases. PMID- 32745 TI - Amino acids as neurotransmitters. PMID- 32746 TI - Relation between ataxia and defects of the gamma-glutamyl cycle. PMID- 32747 TI - Abnormalities in neurotransmitter amino acids in dominantly inherited cerebellar disorders. PMID- 32748 TI - Intracerebral injections of kainic acid and tetanus toxin: possible models for the signs of chorea and dystonia. PMID- 32749 TI - Recent advances and outstanding problems in the biology of phlebotomine sandflies. A review. PMID- 32750 TI - Development of Trypanosoma cruzi in the vector in the absence of blood. AB - First stage nymphs of Triatoma infestans and Dipetalogaster maximus which had never fed after egg hatching, were allowed to ingest by artificial feeding a blood-free suspension of Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes collected from experimentally infected mice. A high percentage of the vectors acquired a normal infection and produced infective stages. The parasite's development in the vector did not require blood but may have needed the presence of unknown factors secreted and/or excreted in the insect's digestive tract. PMID- 32751 TI - Trypanosoma (megatrypanum) melophagium in the sheep ked, Melophagus ovinus. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) study of the parasites and the insect gut wall surfaces. AB - A description of the different stages of Trypanosoma (M.) melophagium in different regions of the gut of the sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus) as observed by the SEM is presented. The extensive pile carpet or palisade colonization of the midgut and pylorus is described. The method of attachment and the relationship of the parasites to the microvilli in the midgut and the cuticle of the pylorus and ileum observed by other methods are confirmed. The micro-structure of the surfaces themselves in the regions of the gut to which parasites attach are described. The use of the technique for the study of other similar systems is discussed. PMID- 32752 TI - Studies on Trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense. I. On the morphological appearance of the parasite in the mouse. AB - The pleomorphism of bloodstream Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense was studied during the course of the first parasitaemic wave in mice using cloned and uncloned derivatives of three recent field isolates. The different morphological types were identified using the criteria described by Godfrey (1960). It was found that at any point of parasitaemia there were several morphological types of the parasite present, ranging from short to long forms. In the rising phase of parasitaemia, the short forms predominated, while at peak parasitaemia the parasites were highly pleomorphic, with significant proportions of short and "intermediate" forms although the long forms predominated. Pleomorphism was observed both in normal and in lethally irradiated (900 R) mice, even when the infection was initiated using a single organism. Such pleomorphism may result from physiological differences between the different forms of this parasite since these morphological types of T. congolense also differed in their ability to infect a new mammalian host. PMID- 32753 TI - Studies on Trypanosoma (nannomonas) congolense II. Observations on the cyclical transmission of three field isolates by Glossina morsitans morsitans. AB - Teneral flies of Glossina morsitans morsitans were fed on mice infected with cloned and uncloned derivatives of three recent field isolates of Trypanosoma (Nannomonas) congolense. Flies with mature infections were identified by the warm slide probe method and phase-contrast microscopy. High infection rates were achieved when such flies were fed on mice at peak parasitaemia. The infection rates were low when flies were fed on mice prior to or late after peak parasitaemia. The duration of the developmental cycle of T. congolense in the tsetse fly varied from 7 to 40 days: in 45% of the infective flies the developmental cycle was completed within 12 days; and in 76%, within 18 days. PMID- 32754 TI - Some effects of uninfected laboratory-reared tsetses (Glossina morsitans morsitans westw.) (diptera: glossinidae) on host-rabbits. AB - Rabbits (Flemish giant x French lop-eared) exposed to 300 to 500 tsetses (Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw.) a day, 2 or 3 days a week, did not show significant differences from littermates receiving no exposure, with respect to weight changes, haematocrits, red and white blood cell counts or whole blood clotting times. In other rabbits, the same daily exposure, 6 days a week, resulted in sharp decreases in haematocrit levels and in some, changes in weights, but no change in citrated plasma thrombin times. Rabbit haematocrit levels correlated negatively with estimated weekly blood loss. Weights and haematocrits of most rabbits exposed to 1,200 to 1,500 flies on a single occasion were not affected. However, following heavy exposure, ears were cold and blood letting difficult, indicating the possibility of arteriolar vasoconstriction. PMID- 32755 TI - [A contribution to the study of the Siphonaptera found on rodents and shrews in the region west of lake Kivu (Zaire) (author's transl)]. PMID- 32756 TI - Report of a case of a giant phytobezoar in a patient with a duodenal bulb ulcer. AB - A case of a large phytobezoar (750 g weight and with the length of 29 cm) due to Khormalou (Persimmon) is being reported in a young patient with chief complaint of abdominal pains and concomitant duodenal ulcer. Review of the literature in this subject shows that bezoars of this size and weight are relatively rare in healthy individuals. PMID- 32757 TI - International Cancer Research Workshop on Low Dose Rate Teletherapy. PMID- 32758 TI - Antivertigo and antimotion sickness drugs. PMID- 32759 TI - Poison prevention: it's not just a one-week effort. PMID- 32760 TI - Supportive therapy in burn care: Consensus Development Conference. PMID- 32761 TI - Improved pacing tolerance of the ischemic human myocardium after administration of carnitine. AB - The possibility that DL-carnitine has a protective effect during myocardial ischemia was evaluated by performing two rapid coronary sinus pacing studies 15 minutes apart in 21 patients with coronary artery disease. Eleven patients received DL-carnitine (20 or 40 mg/kg) before the second pacing study. The treated group had a significant increase in mean heart rate (12.5 beats/min, P less than 0.001), pressure-rate product (1,912 units, P less than 0.01) and pacing duration (3.2 minutes, P less than 0.001) after the administration of carnitine. The treated group also had improvements in percent myocardial lactate extraction (8.8 percent increase, P less than 0.001) and left ventricular end diastolic pressure (a decrease of 5.3 mm Hg, P less than 0.05). There was significantly less S-T segment depression during the second pacing period in both the untreated and treated groups. The results of this study suggest that in ischemic human hearts with reasonably well preserved left ventricular function, DL-carnitine may improve the tolerance for stress associated with an increase in heart rate and pressure-rate product. PMID- 32762 TI - Abstracts of papers to be presented at the 28th annual scientific session of the American College of Cardiology, Miami Beach, Florida, March 11 to 15, 1979. PMID- 32763 TI - Lack of effect of riboflavin deficiency on vitamin B12-related metabolic pathways and fatty acid synthesis. AB - The neurological sequelae of riboflavin deficiency posed the possibility that this tissue injury was mediated by defective vitamin B12 function due to the requirement for riboflavin-dependent oxidoreductase systems in B12 coenzyme synthesis and function. Studies of the B12-dependent enzymatic reactions (5 methyltetrahydrofolic-homocysteine methyltransferase and methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase) in a fiboflavin-deficient rat model documented normal B12 activity in liver and neural tissue. In addition, examination of neural lipids and separation and analysis of neural fatty acids failed to reveal the increased odd chain fatty acids characteristically seen in the B12-deficient state. Thus, the neural tissue sequelae of riboflavin deficiency do not appear to relate to B12 coenzyme function. PMID- 32764 TI - Intestinal microecology. V International Symposium held at University of Missouri Medical School Columbia, Missouri May 31 to June 1, 1978. PMID- 32765 TI - Sphingolipid biosynthesis and vitamin K metabolism in Bacteroides melaninogenicus. AB - B. melaninogenicus provides a unique system for the study of the biosynthesis of an important group of lipids, the phosphosphingolipids. Sphingolipid biosynthesis can be repressed and induced by depletion and restoration of vitamin K. At least one enzyme involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis from the microorganism can be solubilized and so purified by conventional methods. Pathways involved in biosynthesis may differ from hitherto postulated pathways, for example, the incorporation of NH4+ into ethanolamine residue of ceramide phosphorylethanolamine. Moreover, the derivation of mutants defective in steps in sphingolipid biosynthesis would be of great value in these studies. PMID- 32766 TI - Mechanisms of action of cholera and Escherichia coli enterotoxins. AB - Current information is reviewed on the mechanism of secretion in small intestine, including how it is altered by cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate and on the structures and properties of cholera and both heat-labile and heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxins. Two separate active ion transport processes are altered by cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate: 1) coupled absorption of NaCl is inhibited in villus cells and 2) active anion secretion is stimulated, probably in crypt cells. Cholera and heat-labile E. coli toxins exert their secretory effect by stimulating intestinal mucosal adenylate cyclase. This stimulation results from the A1 subunit catalyzed transfer of adenosine diphosphate ribose from NAD to a membrane-bound guanosine triphosphatase, thereby inhibiting the enzyme, which normally represses adenylate cyclase. Heat-stable E. coli enterotoxin stimulates intestinal mucosal guanylate cyclase, which appears to be the basis for its enterotoxicity. PMID- 32767 TI - Illicit drug use among urban adolescents. A decade in retrospect. AB - Over the past decade (1967 to 1977), 76,000 adolescents were screened for a history and somatic signs of illicit drug use at a detention center for juveniles and at an adolescent inpatient unit of a university-affiliated hospital. Dramatic changes in the patterns of drug abuse are reported. Opiate use was prominent in the first half of the decade with a peak in 1970 to 1971 and marijuana use more prominent in the last five years. Inhalant abuse as represented by glue and halogenated cleaning fluids was documented only early in the decade, while the existence of stimulant and depressant abuse follows still other patterns over the decade. Hospital admissions for serious somatic complications of illicit drug use, namely, overdose, drug-related death, hepatic coma, detoxification, and viral hepatitis, were correlated only with trends in the use of opiates. Awareness of drug abuse patterns among adolescents is important for the health professional so that complications can be diagnosed and treated and educational efforts properly directed. PMID- 32768 TI - Fluid secretion in the duodenum and intestinal handling of water and electrolytes in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. AB - The slow marker perfusion technique was used in five patients with the Zollinger Ellison syndrome in order to determine the basal and postcibal flow rates of fluids passing the duodenojejunal junction and distal ileum, and the composition of those fluids. Fecal water and electrolyte excretions were also measured. The 24-hr outputs at the ligament of Treitz were markedly increased, while fecal losses were normal or only slightly increased. Thus, the overall intestinal reabsorption of water was 96%. Fasting rates of fluid and electrolyte flow at the ligament of Treitz were also measured during a basal period, followed by a period of continuous gastric aspiration. Removal of gastric secretion had the following effects on the fluid passing through the duodenum: (1) dramatic decrease in flow rate; (2) an increase in osmolality, from hypotonicity to isotonicity; (3) rise of pH, from acid to alkaline values; (4) a decrease of PCO2, from high to normal values. No increase in fasting plasma levels of immunoreactive secretin and motilin was observed in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, whereas normal subjects respond to acid in the duodenum by a marked rise in the circulating levels of these hormones. These facts suggest that, in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome: (1) the ability of the small bowel and colon to reabsorb water and electrolytes is normal: (2) duodenal dissipation of hydrogen ions is mainly due to intraluminal neutralization by bicarbonate; and (3) stimulation of water and electrolyte secretion by the pancreas is inadequate. PMID- 32769 TI - Gamma-glutamyl transferase. PMID- 32770 TI - Anesthesia for cesarean section: further studies. AB - This study was designed to re-evaluate neonatal condition at birth following elective cesarean section performed with epidural anesthesia and a modified technique of general anesthesia. Two groups of 20 patients were studied. Twenty received epidural anesthesia with 2 per cent lidocaine-carbon dioxide epinephrine, and 20 patients were given general anesthesia. Modifications of our previous general anesthetic technique included the administration, to the mother, of high inspired concentrations of oxygen (66 per cent) prior to delivery, short induction-to-delivery intervals, and positioning of the mother in a 20 degrees left lateral tilt position. No significant differences in oxygen tension and acid base balance in umbilical venous and arterial blood were demonstrated between the two sets of neonates. One-and five-minute Apgar scores and time to sustained respiration were similar in both groups. Our observations of the infants immediately after delivery led us to conclude that either anesthesia technique is acceptable for elective cesarean section. PMID- 32771 TI - Cardiac and uterine hemodynamic responses to ritodrine hydrochloride administration in pregnant sheep. AB - The changes in the maternal circulation following administration of ritodrine hydrochloride were investigated in chronically prepared pregnant sheep. Low infusion rates of ritodrine (see text) elevated the maternal heart rate and cardiac output and decreased peripheral vascular resistance. Stroke work fell while minute work increased. The distribution of uterine blood flow did not change, as measured with microspheres. Simultaneously measured fetal cardiac output and umbilical blood flow were not altered. When ritodrine infusion rates (see text) were increased there was a slight but significant decrease in uterine perfusion pressure, and an increase in uterine vascular resistance with uterine blood flow decreasing. These changes were observed when the ewes were not in labor, and similar changes were again recovered with ewes in labor despite the simultaneous inhibition of uterine contractions. Selective beta blockade with practolol during ritodrine administration decreased the maternal tachycardia without affecting cardiac output, peripheral vascular resistance, or uterine vascular resistance. PMID- 32772 TI - Continuous intrapartum monitoring of fetal scalp pH. AB - Forty patients were monitored intrapartum with a continuous fetal scalp tissue pH electrode in the mean time of 2.39 hours. The monitoring records were considered "accurate" with good correlation to the intermittent fetal scalp capillary pH values in 76.9 per cent. The correlation coefficient was 0.74. The "accuracy" improved in the latter 23 cases to 87 per cent with a correlation coefficient of 0.82. This improvement was probably due to modification of the application technique, as well as to a new calibration method at 37 degrees. Continuous fetal scalp pH monitoring was clinically useful in 65 per cent, it was partially useful in 20 per cent, but of no value in 15 per cent of the patients studied. There were no apparent maternal complications with the use of this technique and 38 of the infants had no sequelae. Two infants had complications: one developed inflammation of the electrode site. This was treated with antibiotics. One electrode broke during the application and a fragment of the electrode tip remained in the fetal scalp. All the infants were grossly normal and there was a good correlation between the continuous pH readings and the immediate neonatal outcome. PMID- 32773 TI - beta-carotene intestinal absorption: bile, fatty acid, pH, and flow rate effects on transport. AB - beta carotene absorption in the unanesthetized rat was investigated by recirculating a micellar perfusate that contained beta-carotene through jejunal and ileal intestinal loops. Radioautography revealed extensive distribution of the provitamin throughout the layers of the small bowel. A linear relationship was found between the concentration of beta-carotene in the perfusate and its rate of absorption at perfusate concentrations of 0.5--11 mM. Increases in the perfusate hydrogen ion concentrations, additions of fatty acids of varied chain lengths and degrees of saturation, and an increase in the perfusate flow rate caused higher rates of beta-carotene absorption. Increase in the perfusate sodium taurocholate concentration above 2.5 microM did not change the absorption rate of beta-carotene. These experiments indicate that beta-carotene absorption takes place by passive diffusion. The process of diffusion can be modulated by intraluminal factors that change the physical characteristics of perfusate or stimulate the intracellular cleavage of carotene to retinal. PMID- 32774 TI - Different mechanisms of hydrogen ion removal in stomach and duodenum. PMID- 32775 TI - Volume overload heart failure: length-tension curves, and response to beta agonists, Ca2+, and glucagon. AB - Left ventricular force-generating capacity was determined in 19 anesthetized dogs with heart failure (HF) from aortocaval fistula. At the time of study all dogs had ascites, edema, and elevated pulmonary wedge pressure. Length-contractile force (CF) curves recorded from the left ventricle (LV) with a modified Walton Brodie arch indicated that the LV was operating on the ascending limb of the length-CF curve at 62.4 +/- 0.1% Lmax in the normal group and in the HF group at 83.4 +/- 2.7% Lmax. In HF the length-CF curve was depressed when compared to normal and was further depressed when CF in grams was normalized for changes in LV wall thickness and expressed as g/cm2. Additionally, dose-response curves of CF in response to injected norepinephrine, isoproterenol, glucagon, and calcium were depressed when compared to the normal group while the response of heart rate and blood pressure was not different. These findings indicate that volume overload HF is associated with depressed ventricular muscle function and a depressed response to inotropic drugs. PMID- 32776 TI - Lorazepam, a new benzodiazepine derivative, in the treatment of anxiety: a double blind clinical evaluation. AB - Ninety-five adult outpatients suffering from moderate to severe anxiety were randomly assigned to treatment with lorazepam or placebo in a double-blind four week study. Patients were evaluated at pretreatment and after two and four weeks of treatment using three rating scales. Lorazepam, at an average daily dose of 3.2 mg twice daily, was highly effective in relieving anxiety as documented by clinically and statistically significant differences over placebo in most of the items on all rating scales at all rating periods. No serious adverse effects were reported, and there were no adverse interactions with other medications, including digitalis and aspirin. PMID- 32777 TI - Comparative efficacy of tofisopam and placebo. AB - Tofisopam is a new agent marketed in Europe as a minor tranquilizer. The authors conducted a 4-week double-blind trial of this drug compared with placebo in 57 outpatients with anxiety and depression. They found that according to physician ratings and patient self-ratings tofisopam was an effective anxiolytic agent for subjects with anxiety and depression. Twenty-one percent of the patients receiving tofisopam and 10% of those receiving placebo reported side effects. The drug was especially effective in the treatment of somatic difficulties. PMID- 32778 TI - Tardive dyskinesia and antiparkinsonian medication. PMID- 32779 TI - Injuries in soccer. AB - The injury profile of a professional soccer team from the 1976 to 1977 season is compiled in this report. Injuries are spread across all of the playing positions, with midfielders and forwards being most prone to injury. During the entire season of this report, 60 injuries were encountered, 35 during game situations and 25 in practice. The most common injuries noted were foot and ankle sprains, but muscle strains were also frequent. Most injuries were of a minor variety. Seventeen injuries resulted in missed games while 46 injuries resulted in no games being missed. Only one player had an injury which did not allow him to return to play during the season. Although little is written in the American literature concerning soccer injuries, it does appear that the injury potential is much less when compared with that of football. The rapid increase in interest in this sport will require physicians and trainers to become familiar with its specific needs in order to render adequate care and participate in injury prevention programs. PMID- 32780 TI - Neuroendocrine tumors. PMID- 32781 TI - [Acid concentration of the parietal component of gastric secretion in patients with gastroduodenal disease]. PMID- 32782 TI - Formation of heparin-haemoglobin complexes in acid medium. PMID- 32783 TI - [The value of diagnostic methods in colon cancer. 1. The value of screening methods]. PMID- 32784 TI - [The value of diagnostic methods in colon cancer. 2. The value of endoscopy]. PMID- 32785 TI - [The value of diagnostic methods in colon cancer. 3. The value of X-ray examination]. PMID- 32786 TI - [Surgical treatment of colon cancer. 1. Guidelines and limits of surgical curative methods]. PMID- 32787 TI - [Surgical treatment of colon cancer. 2. Surgical methods for cancer complications]. PMID- 32788 TI - [Surgical treatment of colon cancer. 3. Methods of colonic anastomosis]. PMID- 32789 TI - [Surgical treatment of colon cancer. 4. Preoperative preparation of the colon]. PMID- 32790 TI - [Therapeutic guidelines for colonic polyps with cancer. 1. Pathologicanatomic basis]. PMID- 32791 TI - [Therapeutic guidelines for colonic polyps with cancer. 2. Endoscopic therapy]. PMID- 32792 TI - [Therapeutic guidelines for colonic polyps with cancer. 3. Surgical treatment]. PMID- 32793 TI - [After care following surgery for colon cancer. 1. Objectives and organization of after care]. PMID- 32794 TI - [After care following surgery for colon cancer. 2. The value of CEA for diagnosis and after care]. PMID- 32795 TI - [Adjuvant therapy following curative surgery of colon cancer]. PMID- 32796 TI - [Colon cancer - diagnosis, therapy and supplementary measure. Foreword]. PMID- 32797 TI - [Epidemiology and risk factors of colon cancer]. PMID- 32798 TI - [The solubilizer of diazepam (valium)--its action on respiration (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations carried out in volunteers showed that when compared with physiological saline the solubilizer of diazepam caused hyperventilation. Among the constituents of the solubilizer propylene glycol and ethyl alcohol have to be excluded, likely benzyl alcohol was due to the respiratory response. Benzyl alcohol has local anesthetic properties and its action on respiration has never been examined up to now. Therefore a further study was performed to compare ampoule solutions of diazepam with or without benzyl alcohol in the solubilizer used. The solutions were given intravenously, the dose of diazepam was 0.35 mg/kg, that of benzyl alcohol 1.1 mg/kg respectively. The measurements showed that solutions containing benzyl alcohol produced a statistical significant increase of respiratory rate and of minute volume. In case of intravenous administration of Valium using ampoule solutions diazepam and in addition a second active substance are applicated. The latter defined as benzyl alcohol has stimulating effects on respiration. PMID- 32799 TI - [Lormetazepam in preoperative sleeplessness. Dose dependance of the effect and comparison with 100 mg pentobarbital (author's transl)]. AB - Lormetazepam (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 mg)--a new benzodiazepine--was tested versus Pentobarbital (100 mg) under double blind conditions on 240 preoperative inpatients for night-time sedative and side effects after acute oral intake. Results are based on p less than 0.05. Additionally p less than 0.125 in binomial two-sample-tests was accepted. Lormetazepam shows dose dependent increase in hypnotic effects (e.g. reduction in sleep latency and number of awakenings, increase of total sleep duration), and side effects (e.g. dopiness, dizziness), but no relevant change in vital signs. About 0.5 mg of Lormetazepam are equivalent to 100 mg of Pentobarbital. 2 mg of Lormetazepam seem to be the optimum dose regarding the relation between hypnotic and side effects. In the view of anaesthesists Lormetazepam is preferable to Pentobarbital because of more favorable safety aspects. PMID- 32800 TI - Southern Society of Anatomists. Seventeenth annual meeting. October 19--21, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 32801 TI - Leydig cells within the lamina propria of seminiferous tubules in four patients with azoospermia. AB - Mature, polygonal Leydig cells within the thickened lamina propria of the seminiferous tubules are commonly found in three cases of cryptorchidism and one case of Sertoli-cell-only syndrome. By contrast, under normal conditions Leydig cells between the peripheral layers of the peritubular tissue were only occasionally met in a spindle-shaped variant. In both instances, Leydig cells were positively identified in the electron microscope by characteristic features such as anabundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, tubular inclusions and crystals of Reinke. The development of Leydig cells from myoid contractile cells within the lamina propria is discussed. PMID- 32802 TI - The hypotensive response to rapid intravenous administration of hypertonic solutions in man and in the rabbit. AB - Transient hypotension has been observed in patients after rapid intravenous administration of mannitol, 25 per cent, in clinical doses. These studies were conducted to determine the mechanism for the hypotension, to determine dose and rate of injection response curves in rabbits, and to determine which vascular beds were most reactive. Studies in six patients showed mean decreases in blood pressure of 23 +/- 6.0 per cent (+/-SE) and in total peripheral resistance of 38 +/- 7 per cent after infusion of mannitol. Studies in 18 patients during cardiopulmonary bypass with mechanically fixed cardiac output demonstrated decreases in mean blood pressure of 30 +/- 5 to 40 +/- 3 per cent, depending on dose and rate of administration of mannitol. Patients not on bypass compensated for large decreases in total peripheral resistance by increases in cardiac output (3.6 +/- .4 at baseline to 4.4 +/- .4 l/min) during mannitol-induced hypotension with no change in heart rate. Serum osmolality increased as blood pressure decreased. Significant but clinically unimportant decreases in sodium and potassium ions, hemoglobin, pH, and base excess values were observed. Studies in 18 rabbits showed that the greater the dose or rate of injection of mannitol the greater the decrease in blood pressure. Injection of radiolabeled microspheres in rabbits demonstrated a near doubling of blood flow to skeletal muscle tissue during the hypotension. This occurred with both equiosmotic hypertonic glucose (17 +/- 3 to 32 +/- 7 per cent) and mannitol (17 +/- 1 to 31 +/- 5 per cent), but not after isotonic saline solution. Changes in blood flow to other organ beds were variable and unimportant. The results suggest that hypotension following the intravenous administration of hyperosmotic solutions is due primarily to vasodilation in skeletal muscle. PMID- 32803 TI - [Effect of the pH of Ascaridia galli egg culture medium on the experimental infection in chickens]. AB - 1. A prolonged preservation of Ascaridia galli eggs in acid medium when cultivating them under laboratory conditions inhibits considerably the establishment of Ascaridia galli in the organism of chickens. The neutralization of medium of egg cultivation 3 days before their application for infesting facilitates the increase of larvae established in the organism. 2. In chickens invaded with Ascaridia galli eggs cultivated in medium with pH 8.0, larvae develop in the period of 7--21 days of invasion in the amount of 2.5--69 times more than in chickens receiving the same eggs but which have been cultivated in acid medium (pH 2.2) for the whole cultivation period. 3. With the increase in invasion period, the number of established larvae decreases in both test groups, but in chickens receiving eggs which have been cultivated in medium with pH 8.0, the number of larvae is considerably higher. PMID- 32804 TI - [Equipment of a mobile pediatric intensive care unit]. PMID- 32805 TI - [Antipsychotic neuroplegic and neuroleptic agents. IV. Phenothiazines (3)]. PMID- 32806 TI - [Pathogenesis of the respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 32807 TI - [Anesthesia and intensive care in surgery of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 32808 TI - [Osmotic colloidal pressure: measurement and clinical importance]. AB - Knowledge of osmotic pressure has long existed and its practical use in the treatment of patients under intensive care has been widely developed over the past few years following the introduction of simple electronic osmometers. It is related more to plasma albumin than to globulins. It varies in relation with a certain number of physiological factors and in different pathological circumstances. The value of OP and above all of the difference OP--PCP in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pulmonary oedema has been clearly demonstrated in several recent studies. Its value in relation to total serum proteins is that it takes into account any possible dysproteinaemia and that it is directly expressed in units of pressure which makes possible the calculation of the OP--PCP difference which represents the difference between the only OP--PCP difference which represents the difference between the only two intravascular forces which participate in fluid exchanges at the level of the pulmonary capillary. PMID- 32809 TI - [Plasma concentration of fentanyl during and after its administration at constant flow]. AB - Using the technique of the radio-immunological estimation with fentanyl-H3, a study was made in sixteen adults anaesthetised by the administration at a constant rate of alfadione and fentanyl, of plasma concentrations of fentanyl during and after anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was induced by the administration of 4.2ml of alfadione and 0.084mg of fentanyl. The maintenance dose was 0.147 ml/kg/hour of alfadione and 2.95 microgram/hg/hour of fentanyl. Five minutes after induction, the concentration of fentanyl was 2.7 microgram/l. The level fell significantly to 2.56 microgram/l at the 45th minute. From this point onwards, it increased regularly up to the 120th minute, when it reached a level of 3.7 microgram/l. When the infusion was stopped, the level first decreased rapidly, the excretion curve then becoming flattened out. At the 120th minute, a level of 1 microgram/l persisted. This study indicates that the administration of fentanyl at a constant rate is not accompanied by a constant blood concentration up to the 120th minute, the point at which the study was terminated. The residual level found after administration and in the absence of any clinical effect implies the need for a reduction in dose at the time of any complementary administration of fentanyl during the postoperative period. PMID- 32810 TI - [A case of dextromoramide allergy with positive lymphoblast transformation test]. AB - An allergic type complication with cardiac arrest occurred at the time of induction of anaesthesia in a 17-year-old girl. There were no sequelae. The lymphoblastic transformation test was positive to Palfium, indicating the existence of an immune factor in the aetiogenesis of the complication. PMID- 32811 TI - [Treatment of terminal conditions with hyperalgia]. PMID- 32812 TI - [Malignant syndrome caused by neuroleptics (3 observations)]. AB - This study concerns 3 cases of malignant syndrome due to neuroleptics. Our aim is to clarify the nature of this syndrome and to attempt to delimit it from malignant hyperthermia. The etiology suggests that its occurence should increase with the growing use of very active neuroleptics. It consists clinically of an extrapyramidal syndrome with hypertonicity, akinesia, tremor and with a neuro vegetative syndrome of which the main sign is hyperthermia. On the basis of physiopathology it is attempted to explain, in the light of fresh data, the extrapyramidal signs, the hyperthermia and the rise in the OPK Etiological treatment has, however, proved disappointing. PMID- 32813 TI - [Comparison of the penetration of various short venous catheters]. AB - Two methods used to measure the degree of the forces involved, in an experimental model--a polyethylene film stretched over a drum, during the penetration of different short venous catheters were compared. One involved strain gauge force sensors, whilst the other used simple and easy to use equipment. The forces necessary for the penetration of introducer needles are on the one hand relatively slight and secondly quite close to each other. By contrast, there are wide differences between the degree of force necessary to obtain penetration of the catheter itself. These forces are in general less for teflon catheters than for those made of polypropylene. The degree does not appear to be related to the size. It remains to attempt to establish a correlation between ease of penetration and tolerance. PMID- 32814 TI - [Analytical study and processing of information from a primary intervention report]. AB - Analytical study of treatment of information from a primary intervention by the S.A.M.U. were brought about with the aim of performing a "statistical" study of enumeration of the various possibilities, using three "standard" programmes. After exploitation of the statistical data, the card index is stocked on conventional magnetic tape and verified by different parameters permitting its identification. In addition, the concatenation of different card indices is easy to obtain, which makes it possible to carry out research into all existing file cards regardless of the month or year. PMID- 32815 TI - [The effect of surgical incisions on ventilatory function]. AB - Normal surveillance was extended to include respiratory function tests (Vital capacity, FEV1, Maximum Breathing Capacity) on 40 post-operative patients. The reduction relative to pre-operative values on the 1st day after operation was of the order of 60 p. 100 for high abdominal incisions, 35 p. 100 for low abdominal incisions and 15 p. 100 for non abdominal incisions. A return to preoperative values was obtained on the 15th, the 6th and the 4th post-operative days respectively. These changes are found to be well correlated to the limitation of diaphragmatic movement in high incisions. As a result, there is a hypoventilation of the lower lobes of the lungs and a shunt effect which lead to hypoxaemia. The reduction in respiratory function in those subjects without an abdominal incision demonstrated that other factors, particularly the influence of a general anaesthesia, need to be taken into account. Numerous clinical observations show that a reduction in respiratory volumes and capacities do not spare the young subjects and may be dramatic in certain cases. These indicate that a daily assessment of respiratory function at the bedside may provide a simple means for early recognition of intercurrent complications. PMID- 32816 TI - [Spectrofluorimetric estimation in biological fluids of a new beta-blockader: atenolol. Application to its pharmacokinetic study (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a simple method of fluorimetric estimation of atenolol, applicable to blood and urine, sufficiently sensitive to permit a pharmacokinetic study. After administration of a dose of 200 mg by the oral route to hypertensive subjects, one may observe a maximal plasma concentration 3 hours after the dose average value 3.91 +/- 0.71 mumol/l (1.04 +/- 0.19 mg/l). The apparent half life of elimination of phase beta is 14.1 +/- 4.9 h, values comparable with those calculated from urinary data 14.6 +/- 2.0 h. The renal clearance was 140 +/- 32 ml/min; 54 +/- 14% of the administered dose are excreted in the urine. After administration by the venous route, urinary excretion represents 96% of the dose administered. PMID- 32817 TI - [Determination of dipotassium clorazepate in the plasma by gas chromatography (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a method of estimation of dipotassium clorazepate by gas chromatography with a detector for electron capture. It requires 2 ml of blood. Two separate extractions are necessary, including one immediately after the sampling to determine the nordiazepam present at the time of the blood sample. The second extraction permits one to determine the total nordiazepam obtained by transformation of all the dipotassium clorazepate. This method is simple and rapid and permits one to determine with precision, specificity and good reproducibility (CV -- 3%) the therapeutic concentrations of this drug. PMID- 32818 TI - Biological and biochemical characteristics of Fusobacterium necrophorum leukocidin. AB - The production of a leukocidal exotoxin by 18-hour dialysis cultures of Fusobacterium necrophorum was detected in vitro by a cytotoxicity assay, using bovine leukocytes isolated from peripheral blood. Biological characteristics were determined while maximizing the in vitro assay. Biochemical characteristics of heat stability and stability to degradative enzymes were investigated and indicated that the leukocidin is protein in nature. The characteristics indicate that this leukocidin is different from previous descriptions in the literature of the characteristics of a leukotoxin produced by F necrophorum. PMID- 32819 TI - Nurse HEW official strives for affordable quality care (Eddie Bernice Johnson). PMID- 32820 TI - Turpentine pleurisy in rabbits: a model of pleural fluid acidosis and low pleural fluid glucose. PMID- 32821 TI - Clotting and fibrinolytic activity of pleural fluid in a model of pleural adhesions. PMID- 32822 TI - Synthesis and properties of low-dimensional materials, New York Academy of Sciences, 13-16 June 1977. PMID- 32823 TI - [Effects of the nature of energy in food and use of anabolic agents on the quality of veal]. AB - The effects of the nature of energy intake, of the slaughter weight and of the use of hormones on the quality of veal meat were studied. Concerning the colour of meat, the use of hormones has no effect either on the pigment content or on the ultimate pH, but the nature of energy intake and the slaughter weight can affect these two parameters. With the increase of the slaughter weight and the substitution of lipids by starch in the diet, the probability to get a redder meat increases. For a given carcass weight, the use of hormones goes with a significant decrease of the tenderness of meat. PMID- 32824 TI - Responsiveness of the rabbit eye to adrenergic and cholinergic agonists after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine or alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine: part II- intraocular pressure changes. AB - The influence of adrenergic and cholinergic drugs on intraocular pressure after chemical sympathectomy produced by 6-hydroxydopamine has been examined in rabbits. For comparison, ocular tension in response to these same drugs has been measured after chronic treatment of rabbits with the norepinephrine synthesis inhibitor alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine. The results indicated that the effects of these 2 treatments were both qualitatively and quantitatively similar. In both cases, supersensitivity to the pressure-lowering effects of alpha and beta adrenergic amines developed. After administration of cholinergic drugs, however, ocular tension became elevated to values ranging from 3 to 7 mm Hg above the baseline levels. PMID- 32825 TI - [Evaluation of the duration of the effect of a single dose of nadolol on the product frequency x tension during exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 32826 TI - Some laboratory correlates of drinking habits. AB - The effect of drinking habits on the frequency distributions of eight biochemical or haematological test results was studied in 7915 patients attending a multiphasic health testing centre. Increasing incidences of abnormal results with increasing alcohol intake, at levels of alcohol intake habitual for a large proportion of the population, were found for plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, triglycerides and uric acid, and for erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume. Of four frequently used liver function tests, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and albumin, only aspartate aminotransferase was strongly affected by drinking habits. These findings have relevance for the detection of individuals whose drinking habits are harmful to them, and for the interpretation of 'profile' results. PMID- 32827 TI - Estimation of alcohol intake from laboratory results. AB - Subjects with abnormalities in a number of laboratory tests were shown to have higher than usual probabilities of being heavy drinkers. Quantitative estimates have been made of the probabilities of heavy drinking from the results of the following tests: gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, mean corpuscular volume, uric acid, triglyceride, and aspartate aminotransferase. In men, but not in women, there was a clear increase in this probability with increasing test results for these five tests, which may prove useful in the detection of individuals who are at risk from their drinking habits. PMID- 32828 TI - Detection and incidence of B and C vitamin deficiency in alcohol-related illness. AB - The activity of the red blood cell enzymes transketolase, glutathione reductase, and aspartate transaminase, and their activation by the coenzymes thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine, the pyruvate tolerance test, the leucocyte vitamin C concentration, and the activity in serum of gamma-glutamyl transferase were measured in a series of 35 patients with alcohol-related illness. The incidence of thiamine deficiency was 31% as assessed by the activation of transketolase, and 55% as assessed by the pyruvate tolerance test. The incidence of riboflavin deficiency was 23% and of ascorbic acid deficiency 91%. No cases of pyridoxine deficiency were detected. The pyruvate tolerance test was found to be a more sensitive test of thiamine deficiency than the transketolase activation, and the activation of red blood cell aspartate transaminase was found to be a poor indicator of pyridoxine deficiency. There was a poor correlation of the gamma glutamyl transferase activity with the degree of vitamin deficiency, suggesting that alcohol exposure is only partly responsible for the observed vitamin deficiency. PMID- 32829 TI - Effect of anticonvulsant drugs on urinary excretion of gamma-glutamyl transferase in women. AB - Excretion of gamma-glutamyl transferase was found to be significantly higher in a group of epileptic patients on long-term anticonvulsant therapy than in normal subjects. The losses, which may reflect renal enzyme induction, were unrelated to drug dose or duration of therapy and were significantly lower than those found in normal healthy pregnant women at term. PMID- 32830 TI - Kristiansand Conference on Nickel Toxicology, Kristiansand, Norway, May 22 to 24, 1978. PMID- 32831 TI - The brain and cognitive sciences. PMID- 32832 TI - Antiviral effect of apple beverages. AB - A variety of apple beverages were tested for antiviral activity against poliovirus 1 or coxsackievirus B5. Freshly prepared apple juice was particularly antiviral, but its activity declined more readily than that of commercial juice in response to heat and storage. The component responsible for activity was located both in the pulp and skin; after ultrafiltration, activity was present in fractions greater and less than molecular weight 10,000. Virus infectivity was not restored from virus-apple juice complexes with gelatin, serum, Tween 80, or polyethylene glycol. PMID- 32833 TI - Production, characterization, and partial amino acid sequence of xylanase A from Schizophyllum commune. AB - Xylanase A, one of several extracellular xylanases produced by Schizophyllum commune strain Delmar when grown in submerged culture with spruce sawdust as carbon source, was purified 43-fold in 25% yield with respect to total xylanase activity. Although some polysaccharide was strongly bound to the purified enzyme, the complex could be dissociated by sodium dodecyl sulfate and appeared homogeneous on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the protein, calculated from the electrophoretic mobility, was 33,000. The molecular activity of the purified xylanase A, determined with soluble larch xylan as substrate, was 1.4 X 10(5) min-1, with xylobiose and xylose as the major products. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 5.0 and a temperature optimum of 55 degrees C in 10-min assays. The acid hydrolysate of xylanase A was rich in aspartic acid and aromatic amino acids. The sequence of 27 residues at the amino terminus showed no homology with known sequences of other proteins. PMID- 32834 TI - Quantitative assay for algal chemotaxis. AB - A quantitative capillary assay is described for measuring chemoreception in the neritic and littoral unicellular alga Dunaliella tertiolecta. Lucite chemotaxis plates were used in the assay with 3-microliter capillaries. A Coulter Counter was employed to determine algal cell numbers. D. tertiolecta is attracted to ammonium ion with a maximum positive response at 10(-3) M. Inclusion of calcium and L-methionine in the chemotaxis medium stimulates algal chemoreception, although neither chemical is essential for motility. Attraction of the chlorophyte to ammonium is dependent on time of incubation, cell density, and pH. The optimum pH for attraction was found to be 6.25. PMID- 32835 TI - Injury to Staphylococcus aureus during sausage fermentation. AB - Staphylococcus aureus 196E added to a beef sausage containing starter culture and 0.5 to 2.0% glucose and incubated at 35 degrees C was unable to grow when plated on tryptic soy agar (TSA) containing 7.5% NaCl. The injury, presumed to be due to the lactic acid produced during fermentation, was more pronounced at the lower concentrations of glucose (and lower acid levels). In the absence of glucose and/or starter culture, no injury was observed. When sausages containing S. aureus injured by fermentation at 35 degrees C were incubated at 5 degrees C, the counts on TSA (measures both injured and uninjured cells) and TSA containing 7.5% NaCl (measures uninjured cells only) remained constant; however, upon reincubation of the cold-stored sausage at 35 degrees C, the staphylococcus counts on TSA and TSA containing 7.5% NaCl and were similar to the counts of S. aureus present in fermenting sausages that had never been subjected to 5 degrees C. The demonstration of acid injury indicated that the injury phenomenon must be considered when determining numbers of viable S. aureus in fermented sausages. PMID- 32836 TI - Silica gel media for isolating and studying bacteria under hydrostatic pressure. AB - Individual colonies of micrococcus euryhalis and of a marine bacterial isolate were grown in pour tubes under hydrostatic pressure. The medium was prepared in a silica sol, and gelation was effected at 4 degrees C by addition of salts to achieve concentrations found in seawater. PMID- 32837 TI - Elution of poliovirus adsorbed to membrane filters. AB - At a constant pH of 9, recovery of poliovirus adsorbed to membrane filters was dependent on the chemical nature of the material used for elution. Neutral and basic acids were relatively good eluents, whereas acidic amino acids and organic acids were poor eluents. PMID- 32838 TI - Effects of glucose, pH, and dissolved-oxygen tension on Bacillus cereus growth and permeability factor production in batch culture. AB - The production of a Bacillus cereus enterotoxin, measured as rabbit skin permeability factor (PF), in response to differences in glucose availability, pH, and dissolved oxygen tension was studied in a 1-liter batch fermentor system. Glucose had to be present for toxigenesis to occur. In uncontrolled fermentation an increasing inhibition of PF production and growth occurred as pH dropped occurred below 6.5. Optimum pH for toxigenesis was 7.0 to 7.5, and fermentations maintained at this level yielded 10- to 20-fold more PF than comparable uncontrolled fermentations. PF production was appreciably diminished at or below pH 6.0 and at or above pH 8.5. Peak PF titer was associated with a drop in acid output, and the titrant utilization profile could be used as an indication of this point. Productivity was greatest in the early exponential phase of growth and decreased to zero at the transition phase. Differences in dissolved oxygen tension affected both the maximum productivity early in the fermentation and the rate of its decrease as growth progressed. The optimum dissolved oxygen tension for toxigenesis was 0.002 atm, and the most rapid growth occurred at 0.10 atm. Productivity and growth were reduced under anerobic conditions, whereas a hyperoxic environment severely reduced productivity, but not growth. Postexponential-phase loss of toxic activity coincided with a rapid increase in cellular oxygen demand. Neither was inhibited by the presence of glucose. However, PF loss was completely prevented by stringent oxygen limitation. Extracellular proteolytic activity did not appear to be responsible for the loss of toxic activity. PMID- 32839 TI - Pectinolytic enzymes of large rumen treponemes. AB - Large spiral organisms isolated from the rumen of cattle produced and released into the external environment a complex of pectinolytic enzymes, consisting mainly of poly(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide) lyase (EC 4.2.2.2, formerly EC 4.2.99.3), most active at pH 8.0 to 9.0, and another enzyme acting at pH below 7.0, probably a poly(1,4-alpha-D-galacturonide) glycanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.15). The mixture of enzymes degraded polygalacturonate to saturated and unsaturated monogalacturonates as the end products. A pectin pectylhydrolase (pectinesterase) (EC 3.1.1.11) was also present in the clarified cultures. PMID- 32840 TI - Initial steps in the induction by glucocorticosteroids of rat liver tryptophan oxygenase and tyrosin aminotransferase. PMID- 32841 TI - Intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence probes of subunit interactions in ovine lutropin. PMID- 32842 TI - Coupled oxidation of NADPH with thiols at neutral pH. PMID- 32843 TI - Optical properties of Cu(II) complexes with heparin and related glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 32844 TI - Human epidermal transglutaminase: stimulation by trypsin, organic solvents, and chaotropic salts. PMID- 32845 TI - Electrostatic and conformational effects on the reaction of thiol groups of calf thymus histone H3 with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). PMID- 32846 TI - American Society of Dermatopathology. Abstracts. Annual meeting, Dec. 1, 1978. PMID- 32847 TI - The proposed use of H2-receptor antagonists in urticaria and atopic dermatitis. PMID- 32848 TI - The reaction of the normal and pathologically changed skin to tangential vibration effect of drugs on this reaction. PMID- 32849 TI - Abnormal circulating red blood cells in the painful bruising syndrome. AB - Red cells of 3 patients with the painful bruising syndrome showed morphological abnormalities. In the fraction not sedimenting in Ficoll/Isopaque gradient centrifugation, some of the cells had club-shaped processes, mitochondria, nuclear remnants, and vacuoles. In freeze-etch preparations, 90% of the red cells showed membrane elevations at pH 7.4 and 25% at pH 6.4, while in freeze-etch preparations of controls these values were 55 and 0 respectively. In addition, rouleaux formation was markedly enhanced in the preparations of blood of patients with the painful bruising syndrome. PMID- 32850 TI - Gonadotrophic hormones and testicular descent. AB - The effect of fetal decapitation on gubernacular development and testicular descent was studied in the pig. Gubernacular development was unaffected and testicular descent occurred normally in decapitated fetuses. Neither testicular descent nor gubernacular development could be induced by HCG or LH-RH, administered to naturally unilateral cryptorchid prepuberal pigs in doses comparable to those used in human therapy. Gubernacular development and, subsequently, testicular descent seem to be independent of gonadotrophic stimulation. PMID- 32851 TI - Relationship between sperm concentration and polyspermy in intact and zona-free mouse eggs inseminated in vitro. AB - Intact and zona-free mouse eggs were cultured with preincubated (capacitated) spermatozoa for 1 or 4 hr. High proportions of eggs (84%--100%), examined either 1 or 4 hr after insemination, were undergoing fertilization in the intact and zona-free eggs in sperm concentration from 25--800 X 10(3) sperm/ml. The average number of spermatozoa attached to the zona pellucida and to the vitellus was only slightly increased as the sperm concentration increased. Polyspermy was increased from 25--200 X 10(3) sperm/ml but there was no clear correlation between the incidence of polyspermy and further increase of sperm concentration in both the intact and zona-free eggs. Besides a functional zona reaction, there was a definite vitelline block to further sperm entry. It seems that due to the chance collision of sperm and egg with the subsequent formation of a block mechanism in the zona pellucida and in the vitelline membrane within a short time, polyspermy cannot be increased by further increase of sperm concentrations. PMID- 32852 TI - Ninth annual meeting of Israel's society of Fertility. (Andrology session), Tel Aviv, Israel, December 8, 1977. Abstracts. PMID- 32853 TI - Effects of chronic administration of delta8- and delta9-tetrahydro-cannabinol on hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity in mice. AB - The effects of delta8-THC and delta9-THC administered twice weekly for 8 and 12 weeks at doses of 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg on murine hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity are described. These data suggest that treatment with relatively low doses of cannabinoids over long periods of time appear to produce some type of biochemical "tolerance," resulting in a diminished response, in contrast to previously reported data utilizing high doses of delta8-THC and delta9-THC over short experimental time periods. PMID- 32854 TI - Diflunisal renal clearance in anesthetized dogs: effect of probenecid, urine flow, and urine pH. AB - Using conventional clearance technique, the net renal clearance of diflunisal is very low, about 1% of glomerular filtration rate. Although net renal secretion is not demonstrable, probenecid significantly decreased renal clearance of the drug. Also, the renal clearance was increased by increases in urine flow or urinary pH. However, in contrast to acetylsalicylic acid, these effects would be expected to be minor, on the one hand to conserve drug or on the other hand in facilitating drug elimination in cases of overdosage. PMID- 32855 TI - "Acute chest syndrome" in adults with sickle cell anemia. Microbiology, treatment, and prevention. AB - Fifty-two episodes of fever, chest pain, increased leukocytosis, and pulmonary infiltrate ("acute chest syndrome") were studied in 28 adults with sickle cell anemia. Possible bacterial pathogens were identified in sputum cultures from less than half of the episodes; no pneumococci were found, and Staphylocococcus aureus was the only bacterium associated with a longer illness than that seen when only normal flora were recovered. Much disease diagnosed as "pneumonia" in adults with sickle cell anemia is probably pulmonary infarction. Many of these patients will recover with no more than modest supportive care; if antibiotics are used they should be directed against S aureus (and possibly Hemophilus species). Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine has great potential for preventing life threatening infection in children with sickle cell anemia, but may not change the incidence or severity of the acute chest syndrome in adults. PMID- 32856 TI - [8th seminar of French language cardiology. Marseilles, 15--17 June 1978. Abstracts of communications]. PMID- 32857 TI - Characteristics of a cholera phage. AB - The basic physical, chemical and physiological properties of a group II cholera phage belonging to Mukerjee's classification has been described. PMID- 32858 TI - A rapid and sensitive radioreceptor assay for benzodiazepine in plasma. AB - We describe a rapid and sensitive radioreceptor assay for measuring benzodiazepines in plasma. This method is based on the competition between tritiated diazepam and pharmacologically active benzodiazepines present in plasma, for binding sites on rat brain synaptosomal membranes. No interference is obtained with drug-free plasma or plasma samples containing high concentrations of other commonly used drugs. High correlations (r = 0.98; P less than .001) were obtained between the "diazepam equivalents" measured in plasma with the radioreceptor assay and the levels of diazepam and nordiazepam obtained by gas liquid chromatography. The radioreceptor assay is rapid, sensitive, specific, and requires no sophisticated equipment or methods. It should therefore prove useful in monitoring blood benzodiazepine levels for both therapeutic and toxicologic purposes. PMID- 32859 TI - Flurazepam effects on sleep EEG. Visual, computer, and cycle analysis. AB - Analysis of sleep effects of flurazepam hydrochloride on four normal subjects confirmed that this drug substantially suppresses both REM and stage 4 sleep. Computer analysis disclosed that delta wave amplitude was greatly reduced by flurazepam. However, low density delta wave activity (ie, stage 2 sleep, which was increased in duration beyond the reduction in stage 4), permitted the number of delta waves and the time they occupied per night to remain at baseline levels. This finding suggests that sedative-hypnotics increase total sleep time by slowing the metabolic processes of sleep so that a longer sleep duration is required for the same biological effects. New observations on the induction times of REM and stage 4 effects are also presented. In general, the distortions in sleep EEG produced by flurazepam qualitatively resemble, but are quantitatively greater than, those produced by barbiturates in equivalent hypnotic doses. PMID- 32860 TI - International workshop on surgical adjuvant antineoplastic chemotherapy in solid tumours. Berlin German Democratic Republic 13.--14. February 1978. PMID- 32861 TI - A double-blind comparison of melperone and thiothixene in psychotic women using a new rating scale, the CPRS. AB - Eighty-one women with psychosis of schizophrenic and paranoid type were assigned to a double-blind study comparing the clinical effects of melperone (100 mg X 3) and thiothixene (10 mg X 3). The antipsychotic effect was evaluated by clinical rating according to the CPRS and the NOSIE-30 scales before and after 2 and 4 weeks of drug treatment. A satisfactory interrater reliability was obtained for the CPRS. Significant correlation was also found between the CPRS and NOSIE ratings. Treatment with both drugs was associated with significant reductions in morbidity as estimated by several measures of therapeutic effect from the CPRS, by the NOSIE scale and by global ratings. There were no marked differences at any rating time point between the drugs in this regard. There were more extrapyramidal side effects in the thiothixene group than in the melperone treated patients. The results encourage the use and further evaluation of melpherone in the treatment of psychotic patients. PMID- 32862 TI - Isolation of drugs from autopsy material by XAD-2 adsorption-elution technique. A routine procedure. AB - The method of adsorption of drugs on Amberlite XAD-2 resin, followed by differential elution was under study during 1 1/2 year of routine use. The method allows a separation of acidic and basic drugs and--due to acid hydrolysis step before adsorption--assures better recovery of conjugated and protein-bound drugs. The amounts of various drugs, found in autopsy cases by the XAD-2 method were usually higher than those found by solvent extraction. The method applied requires 20 g of sample (biofluid or tissue) for general toxicological analysis. PMID- 32863 TI - Determination of monoureides in biological fluids by high-pressure-liquid chromatography. AB - A sensitive and specific method for the simultaneous determination of bromisoval, carbromal, and methaqualone is described. The drugs are adsorbed from serum onto charcoal at pH 11 and eluted from it with organic solvent. The eluate is separated by high-pressure liquid-chromatography on reverse phase (RP 18) column using acetonitrile: water (26 : 74 by volume) as mobile phase. The eluted drugs are detected by uv-absorption at 210 nm. The method is sensitive, specific, precise, and accurate. PMID- 32864 TI - [Analytical data of the new 1,5-benzodiazepine clobazam (Frisium) and its main metabolite nor-clobazam (author's transl)]. PMID- 32865 TI - The Thoracic Society of Australia. May 8--9, 1978, Melbourne. Abstracts. PMID- 32866 TI - The Australian and New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine. May 8--10, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 32867 TI - Naloxone's antagonism of rigidity but not explosive motor behavior: possible evidence for two types of mechanisms underlying the actions of opiates and opioids. PMID- 32868 TI - Effects of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists on post-trial epinephrine modulation of memory: relationship to post-training brain norepinephrine concentrations. PMID- 32869 TI - Gonadal testosterone and perineal sniffing behavior of the male rat. PMID- 32870 TI - Fading vs systematic desensitization in the treatment of snake and spider phobia. PMID- 32871 TI - Rationale of systematic desensitization and covert positive reinforcement. PMID- 32872 TI - Catalytic properties and stability of three common variants of placental alkaline phosphatase. AB - Three placental alkaline phosphatases purified to homogeneity, i.e., the F, I, and S variants, were investigated for catalytic and stability properties. All three forms of the enzyme were found to have almost identical pH optima (10.7- 10.8), similar sensitivity to the uncompetitive inhibitors L-phenylalanine (70%) and L-leucine (30%), and identical Km values against p-nitrophenylphosphate, beta glycerophosphate, and alpha-naphthylphosphate. Significant differences among the three types were observed in thermal stability. The F variant was found to be most stable and the I variant most labile at 79 C. At 70 C all three forms were stable. PMID- 32873 TI - Transcription of rat liver deoxyribonucleic acid in vitro at low ionic strength. AB - 1. When RNA polymerase is in excess over DNA, the single-stranded breaks of DNA can be recognized as initiation sites for the ezyme. On the other hand stabel initiation complexes (resistant to inhibition by heparin) are the most abundant under these conditions. The formation of these complexes needs double-stranded DNA. It seems that RNA sequences rich in cytidine are preferentially synthesized; since rat liver DNA is A + T-rich, the transcription thus appears not to be random with respect to the base composition of DNA. 2. When the template is in excess over the polymerase, the single-stranded gaps of DNA are preferentially transcribed by rat liver RNA polymerase B and native DNA regions by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. 3. With a large excess of DNA over the polymerase, the enzyme activity is markedly inhibited. This inhibition is proportional to the concentration of double-stranded DNA ends, but it also depends on the presence of a contaminant of DNA, removed when DNA is banded in a CsCl gradient. This contaminant could be polyphosphates. Low concentrations of spermine completely reverse this inhibition, by enhancing the rate of RNA chain elongation. 4. Double stranded RNA is synthesized in great abundance when RNA polymerase is in excess over native DNA. Besides a majority of symmetrical sequences, stable 'hairpins' can be found. Whereas the synthesis of symmetrical sequences is more prevalent in polymerase excess, it seems that the proportion of stable 'hairpins' in RNA is independent of the polymerase/DNA ratio. PMID- 32874 TI - A specific dimerization of rabbit beta-globin messenger ribonucleic acid. AB - Rabbit globin mRNA, when layered in low salt on 0.1 M-NaCl/sucrose gradients, separates into two peaks of material. Translation of these two RNA fractions in the wheat-germ cell-free system, hybridization against globin complementary DNA (cDNA) and cross-hybridization against cDNA species prepared from each fraction show that the first peak sedimenting at 10S is a alpha-globin mRNA and the second peak, sedimenting at approx. 15S, is beta-globin mRNA. The sedimentation rate of the beta-globin mRNA is concentration-dependent. By changing concentration and pH, it is indicated that in low-salt beta-globin mRNA adopts a conformation that leads to specific, but weak, self-dimerization during centrifugation in 0.1M NaCl. This property permits rapid preparation of intact and relatively pure alpha and beta-globin mRNA species. PMID- 32875 TI - Adenylate cyclase in bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei sp. AB - 1. The adenylate cyclase in Trypanosoma brucei is located in the plasma membrane. 2. A partial kinetic analysis of the properties of the enzyme revealed a Km for ATP of 1.75 mM and a Km for Mg2+ of 4mM. 3. At low concentrations, Mg2+ activated the enzyme directly in addition to its effect of lowering the concentration of inhibitory free ATP species. 4. At high concentrations, Mg2+ inhibited the enzyme. Furthermore, the enzyme was inhibited at any Mg2+ concentration if the concentration of ATP exceeded that of Mg2+. 5. The opposing effects of Mg2+ at low and high concentrations would be consistent with more than one binding site for Mg2+ on the enzyme. 6. A study of the patterns of product inhibition revealed little or no effect of 3':5'-cyclic AMP, but a profound inhibition by pyrophosphate, which was competitive with respect to ATP (Ki 0.135 mM). This result suggests that the substrate-binding domain on T. brucei adenylate cyclase interacts mainly with the triphosphate portion of the ATP molecule. 7. The enzyme activity was unaffected by the usual mammalian enzyme effectors glucagon, adrenaline, adenosine, GTP and guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate. 8. The enzyme was not activated by fluoride, instead a powerful inhibition was found. The enzyme was also inhibited by relatively high concentrations of Ca2+ (1 mM). PMID- 32877 TI - Changes in ionized and total calcium concentrations in serum and urine during open heart surgery. PMID- 32876 TI - The reactions of Pseudomonas cytochrome c-551 oxidase with potassium cyanide. AB - The binding of cyanide to both oxidized and ascorbate-reduced forms of Pseudomonas cytochrome c-551 oxidase was investigated. Spectral studies on the oxidized enzyme and its apoprotein showed that the ligand can bind to both the c and d, haem components of the molecule, and kinetic observations indicated that both chromophores reacted, under a variety of conditions, with very similar rates. Cyanide combination velocities were dependent on ligand concentration, and increasing the pH also accelerated the reaction; the second-order rate constant was estimated as approx. 0.2M-1 . s-1 at pH 7.0. The binding of cyanide to the protein was observed to have a considerable influence on reduction of the enzyme by ascorbate. Spectral and kinetic observations have revealed that the species haem d13+-cyanide and any unbound haem c may react relatively rapidly with the reductant, but the behaviour of cyanide-bound haem c indicates that it may not be reduced without prior dissociation of the ligand, which occurs relatively slowly. The reaction of reduced Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase with cyanide is radically different from that of the oxidized protein. In this case the ligand only binds to the haem d1 component and reacts much more rapidly. Stopped-flow kinetic measurements showed the binding to be biphasic in form. Both the rates of these processes were dependent on cyanide concentration, with the fast phase having a second-order rate constant of 9.3 X 10(5) M-1 . s-1 and the slow phase one of 2.3 X 10(5) M-1 . s-1. The relative proportions of the two phases also showed a dependency on cyanide concentration, the slower phase increasing as the cyanide concentration decreased. Computer simulations indicate that a reaction scheme originally proposed for the reaction of the enzyme with CO is capable of providing a reasonable explanation of the experimental results. Static-titration data of the reduced enzyme with with cyanide indicated that the binding was non stoicheiometric, the ligand-binding curve being sigmoidal in shape. A Hill plot of the results yielded a Hill coefficient of 2.6. PMID- 32878 TI - Regulation of progesterone from pregnenolone biosynthesis by phosphopyridine nucleotides in the human placental mitochondrial fraction. PMID- 32879 TI - Elevation of plasma levels of lysosomal enzymes during treatment with rifampicin and isoniazid. PMID- 32880 TI - A decreased effect of organic phosphates on hemoglobin S at low concentrations. PMID- 32881 TI - Relaxation kinetic studies of coenzyme binding to glutamate dehydrogenase from beef liver. PMID- 32882 TI - A kinetic study of the effects of hydrogen peroxide and pH on ascorbate oxidase. PMID- 32883 TI - Inhibition of lysyl oxidase by disulfhydryls, diamines and sulfhydryl-amines. PMID- 32884 TI - A proline shuttle in insect flight muscle. PMID- 32885 TI - The degradation of different forms of cytochrome P-450 in vivo by fluroxene and allyl-iso-propylacetamide. PMID- 32886 TI - Synthesis of dehydrosqualene in microsomal fraction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 32887 TI - Kinetic studies of 18O exchange from inorganic phosphate catalyzed by Mg2+ activated unadenylylated glutamine synthetase (E. coli w). PMID- 32888 TI - Microcalorimetric studies on the binding of some benzodiazepine derivatives to human serum albumin. PMID- 32889 TI - Kininases and converting enzyme in human placenta. PMID- 32890 TI - The effects of endogenous catecholamine and pure alpha-and beta-adrenoceptor stimulation on myocardial glycogenolysis, lactate production and distribution. PMID- 32891 TI - Hydroxamic acid oxidation--pharmacological considerations. PMID- 32892 TI - Pharmacological augmentation of acetylcholine levels in kainate-lesioned rat striatum. PMID- 32893 TI - [Initial experimental evidence of fumarate transport in rat heart mitochondria]. PMID- 32894 TI - [Liver function in drug addicts. Use of gamma-glutamyltransferase]. PMID- 32895 TI - [Determination of neuraminidase in the cervical mucus of women]. PMID- 32896 TI - [Human cryptorchidism: changes in the basement membrane of the seminiferous tubules. Preliminary findings]. PMID- 32897 TI - [Hyperprolactinemic effect of anti-psychotic drugs]. PMID- 32898 TI - [Characteristics of NAD glycohydrolase of rat thymocytes]. PMID- 32899 TI - Comparative effect of nadolol and propranolol on exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 32900 TI - Treatment of severe 2,4-D and mecoprop intoxication with alkaline diuresis. AB - 1 Self-poisoning with a selective weedkiller containing 2,4-D and mecoprop in a 39 year old man resulted in prolonged deep coma, pyrexia, hyperventilation, hypoxaemia, myotonia, skeletal muscle damage and electrocardiographic changes consistent with cardiomyopathy. 2 The admission plasma concentrations of 2,4-D and mecoprop were 400 and 751 microgram/ml respectively. The patient remained gravely ill with no signs of improvement for 2 days with supportive therapy and there was no fall in the 2,4-D level. 3 Alkaline diuresis greatly increased the renal clearance of 2,4-D, and there was a rapid fall in plasma concentration (T1/2 3.7 h) with corresponding clinical improvement. The effect on the elimination of mecoprop was similar, but less dramatic. 4 Forced alkaline diuresis may improve the otherwise very poor prognosis in severe intoxication with 2,4-D and related weedkillers. PMID- 32901 TI - A pharmacokinetic study of doxapram in patients and volunteers. AB - 1. Following intravenous bolus injections or brief infusions in healthy volunteers, plasma concentrations of doxapram declined in a multi-exponential fashion. The mean half-life from 4-12 h was 3.4 h (range 2.4-4.1h), the mean apparent volume of distribution was 1.5 1 kg-1 and the whole body clearance was 370 ml min-1. 2. Enteric-coated capsules of doxapram base were absorbed rapidly after an initial delay, and the systemic availability was about 60%. 3. Doxapram is extensively metabolized and less than 5% of an i.v. dose was excreted unchanged in the urine in 24 h. A metabolite (AHR 5955) was present in plasma in amounts comparable to the parent compound and had a similar half-life. 4. The disposition of doxapram appears to be similar in healthy volunteers and patients with respiratory failure. 5. The previously held belief that plasma concentrations fall rapidly when an infusion is stopped is only true following short duration infusions. The pharmacokinetic properties of doxapram are such that steady-state plasma concentrations will not be achieved for many hours with the recommended constant rate infusion regime. PMID- 32902 TI - Renal tubular function in normal pregnancy. PMID- 32903 TI - Specific cation modulation of anion transport across the human erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 32904 TI - The kinetics of the active and de-energized transport of O-methyl glucose in Ustilago maydis. AB - The kinetics of the uptake and efflux of 3-O-methyl-glucose in sporidia of Ustilago maydis were measured, both in active cells and in cells whose metabolic activity had been inhibited by azide and iodoacetate. The de-energized transport system proved to be carrier mediated with apparent affinity constants 13 +/- 2 mM outside (Ko) and 18 +/- 2 mM inside (K1). The apparent maximum rate constants for the same system were 0.66 +/- 0.05 mmol/1 cell water per min for uptake (V+) and 0.53 +/- 0.04 mmol/l cell water per min for efflux (V-). For the active system K0 = 0.08 +/- 0.01, K1 greater than 40, V+ = 9.7 +/- 0.5 and V- = 1.1 +/- 0.9 (in equivalent units). These results are discussed in the context of the carrier mechanism as proposed by Regen and Morgan (Regen, D.M. and Morgan, H.E. (1964) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 79, 151--166). The antifungal compound carboxin had no effect on de-energized transport but was shown to decrease both K0 And V+ in the active system. Phloretin and phlorizin were also found to be without effect on de energized cells but the former enhanced while the latter inhibited active uptake. PMID- 32905 TI - Inactivation of the ribosomal protein S1 in polyuridylate binding by reductive methylation of the lysyl-ammonium groups. AB - The ribosomal protein S1 was modified by reductive methylation of some of its lysyl ammonium groups (S1). With 6 out of 30 groups methylated the protein lost its capacity to form stable complexes with polyuridylate. Addition of excess polyuridylate inhibited the methylation of the lysyl groups. In equilibrium dialysis experiments it was shown that the binding constant between S1 and U15 was lowered 10-fold as compared to the native protein. The pH-dependence of the complex formation between S1 and U15 confirms a participation of the lysyl residues. When S1 depleted 30-S ribosomes were reconstituted with methylated S1 these ribosomes were inactive in the poly(U) stimulated Phe-tRNA binding. The data are discussed with respect to a grid-like interaction between the lysyl groups of the protein and the phosphodiester bonds of the polynucleotide as a molecular basis of protein nucleic acid interaction. PMID- 32906 TI - DNA-bound proteases. Partial characterization of proteolytic activities in commercial sources of DNA. AB - The presence of variable amounts of protease in commercial sources of calf thymus DNA has been established by means of three independent methods; electrophoresis, substrate labelling and microfluorometry. The microfluorometric method, which is particularly useful for initial velocity measurements, has been used to characterize this proteolytic activity, either bound to DNA or solubilized by salt extraction. The proteolytic activity had a maximum at neutral pH and was not affected by NaCl concentration up to 0.5 M. Studies of specificity with natural substrates showed a higher V for protamine and lower Km for histones. The proteolytic activity was resolved by gel filtration chromatography in two major molecular weight species, differing in thermal stability and pH activity profile. PMID- 32907 TI - Yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Isolation and some properties of enzyme-bound valyl adenylate and seryl adenylate. AB - As a continuation of our studies on plant (yellow lupin, Lupinus luteus) aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases we describe here formation and some properties of valyl-tRNA synthetase-bound valyl adenylate (EVal(Val-AMP)) and seryl-tRNA synthetase-bound seryl adenylate (ESer(Ser-AMP)). Valyl-tRNA synthetase-bound valyl adenylate was detected and isolated by several approaches in the pH range 6 -10. In that range inorganic pyrophosphatase increases the amount of valyl adenylate by factor 1.8 regardless of pH. 50% of valine from the EVal(Val-AMP) complex isolated by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration was transferred to tRNA with a rate constant greater than 4 min-1 (pH 6.2, 10 degrees C). The ratio of valine to AMP in the enzyme-bound valyl adenylate is 1 : 1 and it is not changed by the presence of periodate-oxidized tRNA. In contrast to enzyme-bound valyl adenylate, formation of ESer(Ser-AMP) is very sensitive to pH. Inorganic pyrophosphatase increases the amount of seryl adenylate by a factor 6 at pH 8.0 and 30 at pH 6.9 60% of serine from the ESer(Ser-AMP) complex was transferred to tRNA with a rate constant greater than 4 min-1 (pH 8.0, 0 degrees C). The ratio of serine to AMP in the enzyme-bound seryl adenylate is 1 : 1. The rate of synthesis of the enzyme bound aminoacyl adenylates was measured by ATP-PPi exchange. Michaelis constants for the substrates of valyl-tRNA and seryl-tRNA synthetases in ATP-PPi exchange were determined. Effects of pH, MgCl2 and KCl on the initial velocity of aminoacyl adenylate formation are described. For comparison, catalytic indices in the aminoacylation reactions catalyzed by both lupin enzymes are given and effects of pH, MgCl2 and KCl on tRNA aminoacylation are presented as well. Under some conditions, e.g. at low pH or high salt concentration, lupin valyl-tRNA and seryl-tRNA synthetase are active exclusively in ATP-PPi exchange reaction. PMID- 32908 TI - Delta14-sterol reductase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - An in vitro assay for delta14-sterol reductase from yeast was developed, using ergosta-8,14-dien-3beta-ol as the substrate. The kinetics and localization of the enzyme were examined. The inhibition of the enzyme by the antimycotic agent, 15 azasterol, was verified. PMID- 32909 TI - The influence of pH on the EPR and redox properties of cytochrome c oxidase in detergent solution and in phospholipid vesicles. PMID- 32910 TI - Studies on the proton transport at system II in trypsin-treated spinach chloroplasts. AB - The proton transport coupled with the DCMU-insensitive oxygen evolution mediated by K3[Fe(CN)6] in trypsin-treated chloroplasts (Renger, G. (1976) FEBS Lett. 69, 225--230) has been investigated with the aid of the pH indicator bromcresol purple. It was found that (1) the proton uptake from the outer aqueous phase observed in normal chloroplasts is completely suppressed by mild trypsin treatment; (2) a rather slow proton release into the external phase is detected which is insensitive to DCMU; (3) in the presence of DCMU, the extent of the proton release depends on the incubation time with trypsin in a similar manner as the average oxygen yield per flash. The results are interpreted by the assumption, that: (i) the reduced primary electron acceptor of System II, X 320-, does not become protonated, and (ii) the external acidification is caused by a passive efflux of protons, which are released by the watersplitting enzyme system Y into the inner phase of the thylakoids. The pK value of X 320- in trypsinated chloroplasts is estimated to be below 4.5. A possible pK shift caused by a modification of the proteinaceous barrier, which earlier (Renger, G. (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 440, 287--300) was postulated to cover up the primary electron acceptor X 320, is discussed. Furthermore, the watersplitting enzyme system Y is inferred to be sensitive to deletereous attack from the outer aqueous phase mainly by secondary structural effects. Trypsination does not change the direction of the proton release in system Y. PMID- 32911 TI - Enzymic synthesis of a new type of fucose-containing glycolipid with fucosyltransferase of rat ascites hepatoma cell, AH 7974F. AB - An alpha-fucosyltransferase activity has been demonstrated in rat ascites hepatoma AH 7974F cells catalyzing the transfer of L-fucose to asialo-GM1 prepared from bovine brain GM1 ganglioside to form a fucolipid in the presence of Triton X-100. The radioactive fucolipid was shown to be Fuc-(alpha1 leads to 2) Gal-(beta1 leads to 3)-GalNAc-(beta1 leads to 4)-Gal-(beta1 leads to 4)-Glc ceramide from the following results. The radioactive product coincided with authentic blood group H-active fucolipid from AH 7974F cell on thin-layer chromatography. The product formed a precipitation line not only with Ulex europeus lectin but also with eel anti-H serum on agarose gel plates. The terminal 14C-labeled fucose was released by Bacillus fulminans alpha(1 leads to 2)fucosidase as well as Charonia lampas alpha-fucosidase. The optimum pH value for the incorporation of L-fucose into asialo-GM1 was 5.8 in cacodylate/HCl buffer. The fucosyltransferase was highly specific for asialo-GM1. PMID- 32912 TI - Biosynthesis of different gangliosides in two types of rat ascites hepatoma cells with different degrees of cell adhesiveness. PMID- 32913 TI - Characterization of a soluble glycolipid galactosyltransferase which occurs in bovine milk. AB - Bovine milk was found to contain, in soluble form, an enzyme which transfers galactose from UDPgalactose to glucosylceramide. This enzyme was partially purified by the same procedure used to isolate the galactosyltransferase of lactose synthetase. The partially purified enzyme required detergents for activity, had a pH optimum of 7.2--7.3 and required Mn2+. The apparent Km calculated for glucosylceramide was 1.33 . 10(-4) M. With glucosylceramide as acceptor the product of the reaction was identified as lactosylceramide by autoradiography on thin-layer chromatograms. Lactosylceramide was also an effective acceptor for the transferase reaction but neutral glycosphingolipids or gangliosides with terminal galactose of N-acetylgalactosamine residues were ineffective or poorly effective as acceptors. Addition of alpha-lactalbumin inhibited the transferase reaction. PMID- 32914 TI - Purification and characterisation of prostaglandin endoperoxide D-isomerase, a cytoplasmic, glutathione-requiring enzyme. AB - Prostaglandin endoperoxide D-isomerase in rat spleen was purified until homogeneity. This cytoplasmic enzyme occurs in many organs of the rat and also in other species, and requires specifically glutathione for its action. The molecular weight is 30 000 and the isoelectric point pI 5.2. PMID- 32915 TI - Participation of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase-catalyzed peroxidation of methyl linolenate. AB - 1. NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase-catalyzed peroxidation of methyl linolenate is inhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase, ethanol, and mannitol, and is potentiated by H2O2. 2. H2O2 is shown to be generated in the incubation mixture in the presence of NADPH and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. If the system contains Fe-EDTA complex, H2O2 is not formed. In the presence of the enzyme and Fe-EDTA complex, added H2O2 is consumed. 3. In the presence of Fe-EDTA complex, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase is shown to generate O-2 at a slow rate. These results suggest that H2O2 produced from O-2 is decomposed to form OH . by the action of Fe-EDTA complex in the lipid peroxidation system, and that OH . is a trigger of lipid peroxidation. PMID- 32916 TI - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from avian liver. Catalytic properties. AB - The catalytic properties of microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase from avian liver have been investigated. Solubilized and highly purified reductase preparations were not cold labile, and enzymic activity remained unchanged following preincubation at 37 degrees C. The pH optimum was 6.8--7.0 and maximal catalytic activity was achieved with 2 mM dithiothreitol and 0.75 M KCl. The heat stability of the enzyme was studied and the addition of 0.75 M KCl, 0.8 mg/ml bovine serum albumin and 5 mM NADPH reduced the inactivation of the purified reductase associated with heat treatment at 65 degrees C. At 37 degrees C, 0.8 mg/ml bovine serum albumin enhanced the purified reductase activity by 100 (+/- 20)%. An improved assay was developed for the avian hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase and the specific activity of the purified enzyme increased from 1550 to 3300 nmol . min-1 . mg-1. The Km values of solubilized and purified reductase for D-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA were 1.05 micrometer and 1.62 micrometer, and for NADPH, 1 mM and 263 micrometer, respectively. The activities of the reductase preparations were non-competitively inhibited by coenzyme A, acyl-CoA esters, and hydroxymethylglutarate. MgATP also reduced avian reductase activity. These modulators may play a role in the cellular regulation of the reductase activity. PMID- 32917 TI - The thermal unfolding of ribonuclease A. A 13C NMR study. AB - The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of ribonuclease A over the pH range 1-7 and between 6 and 70 degrees C reveal many of the details of its reversible unfolding. Although the unfolding may loosely be described as 'two state', evidence is presented for intermediate unfolding stages at least 10 degrees C on either side of the main unfolding transition, particularly at low pH. The first residues to unfold are 17-24, in agreement with other results. The C-terminal region shows a steeper temperature dependence of its unfolding than does the main transition, which itself is shown to lead at all pH values to a semi-structured but internally flexible state which is far from being truly random-coil. This is confirmed by measurements of T1 and of nuclear Overhauser enhancement. Indeed, even at pH 1.1 and 70 degrees C there is evidence for considerable motional restriction of cysteine and proline residues, amongst others. The native protein has more variability of structure at low pH than at neutral pH, and also interchanges more rapidly with the semi-structured, denatured state. PMID- 32918 TI - Effect of triton WR-1339 on peroxisomal enzymes of rat liver. PMID- 32919 TI - A kinetic study of rat liver 17beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase. PMID- 32920 TI - Investigation of transmitter-receptor interactions by analyzing postsynaptic membrane noise using stochastic kinetics. AB - The stoichiometric and kinetic details of transmitter-receptor interaction (the number of conformations and the rate constants of conformation changes( in synaptic transmission have been investigated analyzing postsynaptic membrane noises by the aid of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem of stochastic chemical kinetics. The main assumptions are the following: (i) the transmitter-receptor interactions is modelled by a closed compartment system (a special complex chemical reaction) of unknown length,--(ii) the quantity of transmitter is maintained at a constant level,--(iii) the conductance is a linear function of the conformation quantity vector.--The main conclusion is: the conductance spectral density function is determined by three qualitatively different factors: (i) the length of the compartment system,--(ii) the precise form of the conductance-conformation quantity vector--(iii) the matrix of the reaction rate constants. PMID- 32921 TI - [Electrophoretic analysis of substrate specificity of wheat alcohol dehydrogenases]. AB - Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel slabs has been used to study the isoform composition and substrate specificity of alcohol dehydrogenases in the embryo and young seedlings of the diploid wheat Triticum monococcum L., the tetraploid T. dicoccon (Schrank) Schuebl and the hexaploid T. spelta L. Three alcohol dehydrogenases of different substrate specificity and developmental pattern were distinguished: a) the NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, catalyzing the oxidation of different primary and secondary aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, as well as certain compounds with several hydroxyl groups (tris, triethanolamin) and revealing, after electrophoresis, one major band in the diploid wheat and three bands in both polyploid wheats; b) the NADP-dependent aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase (substrate--cinnamic alcohol), revealing, after electrophoresis, one major fast moving band in the diploid wheat and two bands in polyploid wheats; c) an aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase (2-3 bands after electrophoreis) with no specificity to the cofactors (NAD or NADP). PMID- 32922 TI - [Spectral parameters of the cytochrome c and hemoglobin interaction with methanol and aniline]. AB - At 20 degrees C, in a phosphate buffer, pH 5,8--8,0, methanol and aniline interactions with hemoglobin and cytochrome c were studied using the difference spectrophotometry method. The difference absorption spectra are characterized by following values of lambdamax and lambdamin (nm): I--MeOH--hemoglobin (405 and 420), II-MeOH--cytochrome c (405--406 and 419--422), III--aniline--cytochrome c (421--410 and 401--396). The values of lambdamax and lambdamin for system III are shifted in the region of shorter wavelengths from 421 to 410 nm and from 401 to 396 nm, respectively within the pH range of 5,8--7,95. From difference spectra for systems I, II, III the dissociation constants of complexes obtained, Ks were calculated. Log Ks is linearly dependent on pH. System I is characterized by two values of Ks at all pH. The Ks values were calculated in general form from the dependences obtained. The nature of the complexes is discussed. PMID- 32923 TI - [Investigation of adenosinetriphosphatase activity of rat liver and thymus cell nuclei]. AB - The activity of ATPase was studied in highly purified rat liver and thymus cell nuclei, HCO3-, CO3(2-) and SO3(2-) stimulated nuclear ATPase in 1.5--2 times. HSO3- did not affect the enzyme activity, and NO3-, J-, ClO4-,F- and SCN- inhibited it. Bicarbonate increased V and decreased Ka for ATP. SCN- inhibited HCO3--ATPase activity non-competitively with respect to HCO3-. Mg2+-ATPase activity did not depend on pH, and HCO3-component of the activity was decreased under alkaline pH. Mg2+, Mn2+ and Co2+ increased the initial ATPase activity and helped its stimulation with HCO3-. Ba2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ inhibited the ATPase activity, and Ca2+ did not affect it, Nuclear ATPase is sensitive to 2,4 dinitrophenol and DNAase. It is suggested that cell nuclei have their own H+ ATPase differing for some characteristics from mitochondrial H+-ATPase. PMID- 32924 TI - [Metabolic activation of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in normal and tumor cells]. AB - N-methyl-N-nitrosourea is metabolised by mouse liver microsomes yielding highly reactive product(s) capable of alkylating cellular macromolecules. Based on cofactor requirement (NADPH, oxygen), inhibition (NaN3) and induction by phenobarbital, 3,4-benz(a)pyrene, and MNU, the reaction is cytochrome P-450 dependent. Analysis of the kinetics and dose dependence of alkylation in vivo and in tissue homogenates confirms the fact that MNU must undergo metabolic activation in vivo. PMID- 32925 TI - [Buffer capacity of polyproton substances]. AB - Mathematical analysis of protolytic properties of a polyelectrolite with arbitrary set of stepwise dissotiation constants is carried out, based on disintegration of summary titration curves and buffer capacity for basic functions. It is demonstrated, that in some cases (for example, investigation of biomembranes and their components) simplified disintegration variants can be used. Buffer titration curve of biopolymers and biomembranes is a "buffer spectrum", the position of bands on the pH scale, their intensity and half-width being determined by the nature of the object (the quantity and quality of hydrophilic groups and the set of its conformation states). Sharp peaks of the buffer spectrum correspond to the conformation transition of the object, and their half-width on the pH scale determines the cooperative degree of each conformation transition. The mathematical analysis described is not specific to the formation of polyprotonic complex, and it can be used in investigation of the complex formation with any monodentant ligand. It is concluded that the method described can be used in the investigation of complex biomembranes and different processes, in which these membranes participate. PMID- 32926 TI - [Chemical modification of lysine epsilon-NH2-groups in horseradish peroxidase. Its effect on enzyme stability. Temperature dependence of thermo-inactivation constants for native and modified peroxidase]. AB - Thermostability of horseradish peroxidase modified by acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric and succinic anhydrides and trinitrobenzolsulfonic acid (TNBS) is studied within the temperature range of 56-80 degrees C. Acylation of 4 amino groups and arylation of 3 amino groups with TNBS are found to stabilize the enzyme, while modification of 6 groups decreases the enzyme stability. Chemical modification of peroxidase does not change its pH-dependence with respect to enzyme thermostability. Thermodynamic activation parameters of irreversible thermoinactivation are determined for native and modified peroxidase. Native peroxidase has deltaH not equal to = 30+/-1 kcal/mole and deltaS not equal to = 14 e. e.; modified by acid anhydrides peroxidase has deltaH not equal to within 64-87 kcal/mole and deltaS not equal to within 110-178 e. e. depending on the nature of a modifying agent. The effect of the structure of a radical introduced into the enzyme molecule, and of a number of modified epsilon-amino groups on thermoinactivation deltaH not equal to and deltaS not equal to values is discussed. PMID- 32927 TI - [Effect of glucose and its derivatives on systems of riboflavin uptake and excretion in the yeast Pichia guilliermondii]. AB - Riboflavin uptake by washed cells of riboflavin deficient mutant MS1-3 of Pichia guilliermondii yeast was strongly depressed by D-glucose, L-sorbose, alpha-methyl D-glucoside, sucrose, trehalose, maltose and salicin but not by D-mannose, D galactose, D-fructose or ribitol. Glucose decreased also the initial uptake rate of riboflavin analogue, 8-piperidyl-10-(1'-D-galactityl) isoalloxazine; the inhibition having a competitive character (Ki==5,7 mM). Apparently riboflavin permease is able to accept not only riboflavin and its analogues but also glucose and some of glucose derivates. Cells preloaded with riboflavin and transferred into riboflavin-free medium excreted vitamin B2 into the medium. This excretion was strongly stimulated by D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose but not by citrate or succinate. In contrast to riboflavin, 8-piperidyl-10-(1'-D-galactityl) isoalloxazine was not excreted into the medium even in the presence of glucose. The rate of riboflavin excretion depended on temperature and pH of incubation medium (pH optimum approximately 7.0) and was decreased in the presence of different inhibitors of energy metabolism. It seems that the exit of riboflavin from the cells is accomplished by energy-dependent specific system of excretion (excretase) which in some properties is different from that of riboflavin permease. PMID- 32928 TI - [Interaction of aliphatid alcohols with cytochrome P-450 from rat liver microsomes]. AB - The interaction of alyphatic alcohols and cyclohexanol with cytochrome P-450 in microsomes has been investigated. All alchohols induced the modified 11 type spectral changes by mixing with microsomes. These changes are characterized by lambdamax = 412 and lambdamin = 380-382 nm in difference spectra. The dissociation constants of the alcohol cytochrome P-450 complexes are determined. On this dissociation constants influence pH and Triton X-100 presence. The interaction of the alcohols with cytochrome P-450 in phosphate buffer pH = 6,0 in the detergents absence is characterized by one dissociation constant for MeOH, EtOH, n-BuOH and cyclohexanol and by two dissociation constants for i-PrOH, i BuOH and tert.-BuOH. The interaction of the alcohols with cytochrome P-450 in Tris-HCL-buffer (pH 7.5) in the Triton X-100 presence is characterized for all above alcohols by the dissociations constants, which are described by Taft equation with coefficient rho =-1.55. This fact confirms the interaction of alcohols HO-groups with heme iron of cytochrome P-450. The scheme of interaction of alcohols with cytochrome P-450 is discussed. PMID- 32929 TI - Cardiovascular reactivity of neonatal and adult sheep to autonomic stimuli during adrenergic depletion. AB - The cardiovascular responses of the neonatal and adult sheep to autonomic agonists and antagonists were studied in the resting state and following adrenergic neuronal depletion with reserpine. Both the neonates and adults showed similar supersensitivity of the effector system of the peripheral circulation to alpha adrenergic stimulation with catecholamines. In addition, the neonates exhibited supersensitivity of the myocardial effector system to beta-adrenergic stimulation. Unusual finding was a marked supersensitivity of the heart and peripheral circulation to cholinergic receptor blockade with atropine, the mechanisms of which are as yet unclear. PMID- 32930 TI - Gastric response in low birth weight infants fed various formulas. AB - Feeding techniques, delayed gastric emptying, volume overload, or reverse peristalsis may lead to regurgitation and aspiration in the premature infant. Noting these complications, various aspects of gastric function were studied in relation to the type of formula fed. 27 low birth weight infants (less than 2,000 g) were each fed one of three randomly assigned commercial formulas, which varied in osmolarity and MCT content. Gastric pH and emptying were monitored during the first 48 h of life. The fatty acid chain length of the triglyceride in the formula apparently did not influence either gastric pH or emptying. Infants fed formulas having a higher osmolar load (539 mosm/1) and containing protein hydrolysate showed greater gastric retention. PMID- 32931 TI - Perinatal development of the tyrosine oxidizing system. AB - The enzymes of the tyrosine oxidase (TO) system of rat liver were measured during pre- and postnatal development. At all ages, the rate of tyrosine oxidation was limited by the activity of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT). TAT of liver was undetectable from 4 days to 1 day before birth and was lower than p hydroxyphenylpyruvate oxidase (pHPPO) and homogentisate oxidase (HO) postnatally. At birth, TAT, pHPPO, and HO were 2.9, 13, and 40% of adult values, respectively. Relative levels in fetal liver were HO greater than pHPPO greater than TAT. When enzyme activities were adjusted to compensate for dilution by hematopoietic cells, absolute activities increased, but other relationships remained the same. pHPPO rose at 15-17 days after birth and exceeded adult values at 31 days. HO was unchanged after birth. We conclude that each enzyme of TO follows a unique developmental path, with no concerted control of the entire TO system. PMID- 32932 TI - In vivo demonstration of renal carbonic anhydrase activity in the fetal lamb. AB - The capacity of the fetal renal carbonic enzyme to facilitate the renal reabsorption of bicarbonate was studied in 8 long-term fetal lamb preparations (103-124 days of gestation). After acetazolamide administration the fetal arterial blood pH and PCO2 values decreased significantly (p less than 0.05). Significant increases in fetal urinary pH (p less than 0.001), and urinary excretion of bicarbonate (p less than 0.001), potassium (p less than 0.05) and total cation (Na+ + K+) were observed after carbonic anhydrase inhibition. It is suggested from these in vivo studies that renal carbonic anhydrase is present and active during fetal life and does not limit the capacity of the fetal kidney to reabsorb bicarbonate. PMID- 32933 TI - Multimodal information processing in neurons. AB - Advances in neuroscience research have led to substantial expansion and even revision of many concepts of neuronal structure and function. The essence of this progress is contained in the knowledge that there are multiple modes of information processing in neurons and even subneuronal elements such as the dendrite. The challenge and opportunity of the new findings lies in understanding how the various modes are integrated in complex brain function. Progress in this area should offer new insights into the pathophysiology of neurological disease. PMID- 32934 TI - The assessment of antichymotrypsin in cancer monitoring. AB - A comparative study of serum antichymotrypsin, acid glycoprotein and antitrypsin levels has been made in various cancers. Antichymotrypsin (ACT) shows a non specific elevation in metastatic cancer, and the response reflects tumour progression in a similar fashion to the other two acute phase reactant proteins. The main advantage of ACT as a marker appears to be its Normal distribution in health, and lack of phenotypic variation. PMID- 32935 TI - The quantitation of carbamino adduct formation of angiotensin II and bradykinin. AB - The two equilibrium constants that define the extent of carbamino adduct formation with amines for all values of pH and PCO2 are determined for the alpha amino groups of the peptide hormones angiotensin II(AII) and bradykinin (BK) by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. From these constants the variation of carbamino adduct formation has been calculated over the pH range 6.60--8.00 with variable PCO2, and the results are superimposed upon standard pH-bicarbonate diagrams. PCO2, and the results are superimposed upon standard pH-bicarbonate diagrams. The mole fraction, Z, of carbamino adduct form of AII or BK shows a maximum variation in going from metabolic alkalosis, Z congruent to 0.30, to metabolic acidosis, Z congruent to 0.02, with Z near 0.2 for normal acid-base conditions. Adduct formation to hormone may alter the biological effect of the hormone (a) by limiting proteolysis, particularly at the amino-terminal, (b) by altering hormone binding affinity to specific receptors, or (c) by converting the hormone to an antagonist which binds to receptor but does not activate subsequent metabolic events. The requirements for any of these mechanisms to operate are examined in terms of simple equilibrium considerations, and experimental evidence of inhibition of an aminopeptidase model system is presented. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that regulation of some physiological processes through formation of carbamino adduct of peptide hormones is possible. PMID- 32936 TI - Morphogenesis and malformation of the cardiovascular system. The Fourth International Workshop on Morphogenesis and Malformation held at Grand Canyon, Arizona, November 9--12,1977. PMID- 32937 TI - Surface dilatational viscosity of pulmonary surfactant films. PMID- 32938 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Biorheology, June 19, 1978, Tokyo, Japan. PMID- 32939 TI - [Submicroscopic features of guanylate cyclase detection in mammalian epithelial and myocardial cells]. AB - The electron cytochemical method of guanylate cyclase demonstrated a number of advantages making possible differentiation between the plasmalemmal, cytoplasmic, nucleoplasmic, and nucleolar localization of the enzyme. This method permitted to reveal that the enzyme possessed organ specificity of distribution in the cell and could be activated by a specific activator--sodium azide. The distribution of guanylate cyclase strictly correlated with the functional state of the cell. PMID- 32940 TI - An increased Bohr effect in sickle cell anemia. AB - Recent findings that hemoglobin S gelation and sickling are pH-dependent and also influence oxygen affinity suggested that the red cells containing this hemoglobin variant might show an abnormal Bohr effect. We therefore studied the effects of pH variation on the in vitro oxygen affinity of whole blood from persons with sickle cell anemia (SS) and normal donors (at 37 degrees C and constant carbon dioxide tension of 40 mm Hg). The Bohr effect in SS blood was greatly increased only between blood pH 7.4 and 7.2 (cell pH 7.2 and 7.0, a shift that strongly affects gelation), with delta log p50/deltapH= - 0.92 to -0.99 (normal = -0.42 to -0.46). Thus a drop in SS blood pH below 7.4 in tissue capillaries yields twice the normal decrease in oxygen affinity and a large release of oxygen from red cells, whose risk of sickling is high. Even mild transient acidosis would seem hazardous for patients with sickling disorders. PMID- 32941 TI - A prospective study of androgens and bone marrow transplantation for treatment of severe aplastic anemia. PMID- 32942 TI - The biochemistry of schizophrenia. PMID- 32943 TI - Differentiation of the roles of histamine H1- and H2-receptors in the mediation of the effects of histamine in the isolated working heart of the guinea-pig. AB - 1 Differentiation of the roles of histamine H1- and H2-receptors in the mediation of the effects of histamine on the isolated working heart of the guinea-pig was achieved through the use of histamine and selective histamine receptor agonists and antagonists. 2 Histamine over the dose range 10(-9) mol to 10(-6) mol produced dose-related increases in sinus rate, left intraventricular pressure (LVP)max, LVdP/dtmax, coronary flow, aortic flow, total cardiac output and external pressure-volume work. 3 Dimaprit, a selective histamine H2-receptor agonist, produced very similar responses to histamine. 4 2-Pyridylethylamine, a selective histamine H1-receptor agonist, had little effect on cardiac function unless large doses were administered. Such doses produced increases in all measured parameters. 5 Cimetidine, a selective histamine H2-receptor antagonist, antagonized the effects of histamine and dimaprit and some but not all effects of 2-pyridylethylamine. In the presence of cimetidine a decrease in all parameters with the exception of sinus rate was observed with both histamine and 2 pyridylethylamine. 6 The selective histamine H1-receptor antagonist, mepyramine, had little effect on responses to all three agonists. However, the depressant effects observed with histamine and 2-pyridylethylamine in the presence of cimetidine were antagonized by mepyramine. 7 The results indicate the important role of the histamine H2-receptor in the mediation of the gross cardiac effects of histamine and also indicate that histamine H1-receptors can mediate cardiac depression. PMID- 32944 TI - The metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine and beta-phenylethylamine in perfused rat lung and in vitro. AB - 1 Metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and beta-phenylethylamine (PHE) by monoamine oxidase (MAO) was investigated in rat isolated lungs and in mitochondrial preparations from rat lung. 2. In perfused lungs 5-HT metabolism had an apparent Km of 2 microgram and PHE metaoblism a Km of 54 microgram, whereas in vitro the Km values were 330 microgram and 28 microgram respectively. 3 In vitro, MAO activity had substrate and inhibitor specificities compatible with the presence of A and B types of MAO. 4 In perfused lung, metabolism of 5-HT but not that of PHE was inhibited by desmethylimipramine. 5 These results show that PHE metabolism in perfused lung, unlike that of other metabolized amines, is not limited by transport and the transport process for PHE is unlike that of 5-HT or noradrenaline. 6 These results also show that the kinetic parameters obtained for MAO activity in vitro do not generally apply to the isolated lung where transport of substrate can be the deciding factor. This discrepancy emphasizes that the enzymic properties of the whole organ cannot relaibly be deduced from its enzymic content. PMID- 32945 TI - Lack of release of prostaglandins from isolated perfused lungs during pulmonary hypertension and oedema. AB - 1 The effects on pulmonary prostaglandin synthesis of pulmonary hypertension and oedema have been studied. 2 Seventeen isolated lungs of rabbit, cat and guinea pig were perfused with plasma, whole blood or Krebs Ringer solution in a recirculating system. 3 The venous effluent from the lungs superfused (10 ml/min) a series of smooth muscle tissues sensitive to prostaglandins and thromboxane A2; these were: rat stomach strip, rat colon, chick rectum and rabbit aorta. 4 Left atrial pressure was increased by between 10 and 30 mmHg for periods of 3 to 59 minutes. Gross alveolar oedema eventually developed in all experiments. 5 Neither pulmonary hypertension nor subsequent oedema caused release of prostaglandins into the venous effluent. PMID- 32946 TI - Prevention and reversal of isolation-induced systolic arterial hypertension in rats by treatment with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. AB - 1. Rats were made hypertensive by 5 days of continuous isolation in glass metabolic cages; in the text "hypertensive" means having a systolic blood pressure greater than 145 mmHg. 2. Daily intraperitoneal injections of either propranolol (5 mg/kg) or atenolol (5 mg/kg) reduced systolic blood pressure within 3 days and the systolic blood pressure remained low provided that the treatment was continued. 3. Treatment with metoprolol also lowered the systolic blood pressure of isolated rats but only when a larger dose (10 mg/kg) was given. 4. Systolic blood pressure returned to hypertensive levels following withdrawal of treatment after 15 days of isolation. However, following cessation of treatment after 27 days of isolation, the systolic blood pressure did not rise. 5. Rats given propranolol in the drinking water (intake equivalent to a daily dose of 5 mg/kg) before and during isolation did not develop hypertension. 6. The possibility that suppression of sympathetic function by the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists was responsible for these changes is discussed. PMID- 32947 TI - The sites of action of 5-hydroxytryptamine in nerve-muscle preparations from the guinea-pig small intestine and colon. AB - 1 The sites of action of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were examined in isolated segments of guinea-pig intestine. Mechanical records were taken from the longitudinal muscle of the ileum and proximal colon and from the circular muscle of the ileum and distal colon.2 In order to examine direct actions of 5-HT, nerve mediated responses were blocked with tetrodotoxin (0.2 mug/ml). There was a gradient in the responsiveness of the longitudinal muscle of the ileum; in the proximal ileum it was usually unresponsive, whereas in the distal ileum about 30% of the amplitude of contraction was caused by a direct effect on the muscle. In the circular muscle from all parts of the ileum, direct effects on the muscle were weak or absent. In the distal colon, the circular muscle was almost always unresponsive to direct effects of 5-HT even when concentrations of 5-HT as great as 100 mug/ml were used. All direct actions of 5-HT on intestinal muscle were blocked by methysergide (1 mug/ml), which itself did not affect nerve-mediated responses.3 Excitatory cholinergic nerves and excitatory and inhibitory nerves which released unidentified substances were all stimulated by 5-HT. The contractions mediated through cholinergic nerves were blocked by hyoscine (0.6 mug/ml).4 Tachyphylaxis to the action of 5-HT occurred both for effects mediated through nerves and for direct effects on the muscle. Responses returned promptly after 5-HT was washed from the organ bath.5 While 5-HT blocked its own action on neural receptors, it did not antagonize the stimulation of nicotinic receptors on cholinergic neurones by 1-1 dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP). Moreover, pentolinium markedly reduced contractions caused by DMPP without significantly affecting responses to 5-HT. In contrast, (+)-tubocurarine, another nicotinic receptor antagonist, was effective in reducing contractions caused by 5 HT.6 Phenyldiguanide, which has been reported to antagonize the stimulant action of 5-HT on cholinergic neurones in the mouse small intestine, did not cause any significant reduction in the action of 5-HT on cholinergic neurones in the guinea pig ileum unless a concentration of 1 mg/ml was used. However, contractions elicited by carbachol and DMPP were antagonized to a similar extent by phenyldiguanide at this concentration. Antagonism of the action of 5-HT at neural receptors by bromolysergic acid and by tryptamine was found but it was not specific, these drugs causing comparable decreases in responses to 5-HT, carbachol and DMPP.7 The present results, which show that 5-HT has little or no direct effect on the circular muscle of the ileum and colon, imply that, if 5-HT is a transmitter in enteric reflexes, it must be released from interneurones. PMID- 32948 TI - Drugs in threatened preterm labour. PMID- 32949 TI - Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with lorazepam, hyoscine butylbromide, and ispaghula husk. AB - A double-blind controlled therapeutic trial of factorial design was used to study the therapeutic effects of lorazepam, hyoscine butylbromide, and ispaghula husk in 12 randomised blocks of eight patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Each of the three agents caused a sustained symptomatic improvement in some of the patients, although only with ispaghula was the difference between the real and dummy preparation statistically significant. When the eight possible combinations of treatment were analysed none of the 12 patients who received only dummy preparations of the three agents had maintained any improvement over the three months of the trial. Seven patients improved among the 12 who received potent preparations of all three agents, and between four and six patients improved in the groups receiving one or two of the potent preparations. These therapeutic results, though far from perfect, show that the types of drug commonly used to treat IBS are of some value and may be additive in their effects. Similar combinations of other therapeutic agents may be more effective, but it will be possible to determine this only by carrying out factorial therapeutic trials. PMID- 32950 TI - Cryptorchidism: a renewed plea. PMID- 32951 TI - "Trench foot" caused by the cold. PMID- 32952 TI - Aetiology and natural history of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 32953 TI - Hydronephrosis. PMID- 32954 TI - Hair cell polarization in the gravity receptor systems of the statocysts of the cephalopods Sepia officinalis and Loligo vulgaris. AB - The complete patterns of polarization of the sensory epithelia of the various gravity receptor systems of the decapods Sepia and Loligo have been described (Fig. 6). Each individual receptor cell (hair cell) bears up to 150 kinocilia, but is polarized unidirectionally by 3 morphological features: (I) by the orientation of the internal 9X2+2 tubuli structure of each kinocilium, (II) by the location of their basal feet. Each hair cell is additionally polarized (III), in that its kinociliary group is inclined toward the plane of the macula surface, forming an angle of 40-60 degrees with it (Figs. 1-3); the direction of polarization, as given by the ultrastructural features (I and II), is always opposite to this acute angle (Fig. 4). The results are discussed with reference to their physiological consequences. PMID- 32955 TI - Stimulation-dependent release of possible transmitter substances from hippocampal slices studied with localized perfusion. PMID- 32956 TI - Neurotransmitter synthesis, storage and release by aggregating cell cultures of rat brain. AB - Rotation-mediated aggregating cell cultures of mechanically dissociated fetal (15 16 days gestation) rat brains between 25 and 35 days in vitro were examined for their ability to synthesize neurotransmitters and putative neurotransmitters from radioactively labeled precursors added to the culture medium. Cultures derived from whole brain synthesized [3H]acetylcholine from [3H]choline, [3H]gamma aminobutyric acid from L-[3H]glutamic acid, [3H]dopamine from L-[3H]tyrosine, [3H]dopamine and [3H]norepinephrine from L-[3H]dihydroxyphenylalanine, and [3H]serotonin from L-[3H]tryptophan. Veratridine increased and tetrodotoxin decreased the rate of [3H]-dopamine synthesized by aggregates derived from midbrain plus hindbrain. In chase experiments in which aggregates were incubated for 4 h with radioactively labeled precursors and then for 4 h with non radioactively labeled precursors, addition of veratridine (50 micronM) during the second 4 h incubation significantly decreased the amounts of radioactively labeled acetylcholine, L-glutamic acid, dopamine and serotonin recovered from aggregates. Tetrodotoxin (5 micronM) present during the chase significantly increased the amounts of [3H]acetylcholine and [3H]dopamine recovered from the aggregates. In addition, reserpine (4 micronM) markedly depleted [3H]dopamine from aggregates in these experiments. These results indicate that these cultured cells synthesized neurotransmitters and in addition suggest that some of these compounds are stored by and released from electrically active cells within the aggregates. PMID- 32957 TI - Presence in human cerebrospinal fluid of cholesterol esterifying enzyme utilizing free fatty acids. PMID- 32958 TI - A comparison of Ca2+-, Mg2+-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities of rat incisor pulp. PMID- 32959 TI - Effects of fluoride on in vitro calcification of tendon matrix. AB - Ca2+ and Pi uptake induced in vitro by a collagenous matrix derived from bovine tendon is inhibited by 1 X 10(-6) to 2 X 10(-5) M NaF and stimulated by 2 X 10( 5) to 2 X 10(-3) M NaF. Fluoride uptake occurs only over the latter concentration range. The uptake of Ca2+, Pi, and F-1 progresses toward a limiting extent at which the molar Ca/P and Ca/F values are 1.6 to 1.7 and 4.5 to 5.7, respectively. Although the matrix-bound mineral, previously formed in the absence of NaF, readily undergoes dissolution when exposed to a Ca2+- and P-free medium of pH less than 7.4, the bound mineral phase formed in the presence of NaF does not. We conclude that fluoroapatite is the primary matrix-bound mineral. The uptake of fluoride, Ca2+. amd Pi by both uncalcified and previously calcified matrices is inhibited by methylenediphosphonate and by phosphonoacetate as is calcification in the absence of NaF. Kinetic studies indicate that formation of a CaP complex precedes the uptake of F-1 and suggest that F-1 and OH-1 compete for interaction with that CaP complex during the calcification process. We concluded that fluoroapatite formation induced by the collagenous matrix occurs by a multistep pathway comparable to that proposed previously for hydroxyapatite formation. PMID- 32960 TI - Biological calcium phosphates and their role in the physiology of bone and dental tissues I. Composition and solubility of calcium phosphates. AB - Variations in the composition of bone and tooth mineral are consistent with the model that the constituents are a mixed microcrystalline apatite (AP)-octocalcium phosphate (OCP) like phase and an amorphous or submicrocrystalline calcium phosphate (ACP) like phase whereby these phases can occur in different proportions. An appropriate model for a description of the variable composition and the solubility behavior of the apatite phase is given by the formula (formula: see text) in which the compositional parameters x, y, z, and u each account for one type of defect mechanism. Other point defects are formed as well by incorporation of minority amounts of ions such as Cl-, K+, and F-; a number of trace elements can substitute for Ca2+ ions under in vivo conditions. It is suggested that the incorporation of ions in or loss from the crystals in contact with aqueous solutions is reversible. Literature data are used to show the direction in which the solubility product of the apatite phase shifts by incorporation of the different physiologically relevant ions. A quantitative evaluation of the available literature data revealed that Na+ and CO3= incorporation is the main cause for shifts in the solubility product of biological apatites. PMID- 32962 TI - Obesity: use of fenfluramine discussed at international symposium in Montreal. PMID- 32963 TI - College of family physicians of Canada wants fee schedules to reflect practice realities. PMID- 32961 TI - Midazolam compared with thiopentone as a hypnotic component in balanced anaesthesia: a randomized, double-blind study. AB - Midazolam is a short-acting water soluble benzodiazepine derivative. It is a hypnotic used for intravenous anaesthesia induction. The present investigation was designed in a prospective double-blind fashion to compare midazolam with thiopentone as hypnotic components in balanced anaesthesia. The study included 50 healthy patients undergoing relatively short surgical procedures. The results revealed that thiopentone is faster in onset than midazolam for induction of anaesthesia, with less variation of dose response. However, maintenance of anaesthesia was superior with midazolam, requiring fewer supplemental anaesthetic drugs, having better patient acceptance and providing more amnesia. Postoperative complications were very low with both techniques. Midazolam was surprisingly similar to thiopentone in most parameters including emergence time from anaesthesia. Midazolam is a new drug with potential both for induction of anaesthesia and maintenance of balanced anaesthesia. PMID- 32964 TI - Diagnostic imaging. PMID- 32965 TI - gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase and malignant transformation of cultured liver cells. AB - The relationship between gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)and malignant cell transformation was analyzed in malignant and nonmalignant culture epithelial cell lines derived from rat livers and fibroblastic cell types derived from hamsters and mice. GGT activity was prominent (25 to 90% of cells) in 3 of 5 malignant epithelial liver cell lines. None of the 9 fibroblastic or 4 nonmalignant epithelial cell lines exhibited GGT activity. Our results suggest that by use of GGT activity we can detect in cultured liver cells a significant fraction of the spontaneously or chemically induced malignant cells. Thus, in conjunction with other markers, this marker may help in identifying tumorigenic cells in liver epithelial cultures. PMID- 32966 TI - Glucocorticoid receptors and glutamine synthetase in leukemic Sezary cells. PMID- 32967 TI - Gross murine leukemia virus-induced alterations in the thymus of preleukemic AKR mice. PMID- 32968 TI - International Workshop on Leukocyte Adherence Inhibition. PMID- 32969 TI - [Changes in mammary tissue lipid metabolism in the goats during the first 2 months of lactation]. AB - 5 French Alpine Goats were studied after normal or premature parturition. Mammary tissue acetyl-C oA carboxylase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities varied in parallel with milk fat secretion from the 3rd to the 9th week of lactation. Variations of mammary LPL activity and of long chain fatty acid secretion were positively highly correlated during that period. In goats with normal parturition, lipogenic activities seemed to reach a maximum level shortly after parturition. There was a positive correlation between mammary Ll activities and plasma non esterified fatty acid contents, possibly reflecting a relationship between adipose tissue mobilisation and mammary metabolism. PMID- 32970 TI - The dilating effect of histamine on pial arteries of cats and its mediation by H2 receptors. AB - We studied the effect of histamine and H1 or H2 blockers on the diameter of pial arteries (39-227 micron) using microapplication into the perivascular space. Concentration-response curves for histamine showed dilations which started at 10( 7) M and were maximal at 10(-5) and 10(-4) M. The H2 blocker, cimetidine, induced no vascular reaction over the whole concentration range tested (10(-7) to 10(-3) M). The H1 blocker, mepyramine, was not vasoactive in the concentration range from 10(-7) to 5 X 10(-5) M and evoked dilations at higher concentrations. The concentration-response curve for histamine was only slightly displaced by 10(-5) M mepyramine but was significantly shifted to the right by 10(-5) M cimetidine. The dilating effect of histamine could be reduced in a stepwise manner by increasing concentrations of cimetidine. These findings are in accordance with a selective antagonism between histamine and cimetidine at the H2 receptors of smooth muscle cells of pial arteries. The insignificant role of H1 receptors in histamine-induced dilations is supported by the finding that a combination of H1 and H2 blockers resulted in the same reduction of histamine-induced dilation as did the application of the H2 blocker. PMID- 32971 TI - Hemodynamic responses of the sheep fetus to vasopressin infusion. PMID- 32972 TI - Influence of pH on the simple solubility test for myoglobinuria. AB - We have investigated the effect of urine pH on the simple solubility test for myoglobinuria and found that the sensitivity of the test is very pH dependent. As much as a 10 fold increase in sensitivity can be obtained if the test is performed at pH 7.5 instead of pH 5.5. As such, we recommend that the urine pH should first be adjusted within the range 7.5--8.0 before performing the solubility test for myoglobinuria. PMID- 32973 TI - Cell-surface receptors in health and disease. AB - Assessment of interaction of hormones and neurotransmitters with their cell surface receptors can lead to an understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie diseases in man involving resistance and supersensitivity to these humoral agents and to pharmacological agents. They can also lead to the development of simple diagnostic procedures for such disorders, as well as the development of radioreceptor assays for humoral agents and drugs in blood and tissues, assays which combine sensitivity comparable to those involving radiommunoassay with a greater biological accuracy. PMID- 32974 TI - Automated enzymatic assay for plasma ammonia. AB - An enzymatic method for determining plasma ammonia with the Du Pont Automatic Clinical Analyzer (aca) is described. The assay requires a sample volume of 500 muL for a kinetic ammonia measurement. The reaction is initiated with glutamate dehydrogenase and the rate of depletion of NADPH is monitored with two measurements, 17 s apart, at 340 nm. Reaction conditions have been optimized for maximum sensitivity through both one-factor-at-a-time and multiple variable response surface optimization techniques. Linearity to 1000 mumol of ammonia per liter of plasma has been achieved. No significant interferences were observed from anticoagulants or endogenous blood components, including pyruvate and oxalacetate. Use of the coenzyme NADPH (instead of NADH) in this aca procedure eliminates the lengthy pre-incubation otherwise required for endogenous dehydrogenase reactions. PMID- 32975 TI - Hydrolysis of glutathione by human liver gamma-glutamyltransferase. AB - We studied the catalytic hydrolysis of glutathione by human liver gamma glutamyltransferase [(gamma-glutamyl)-peptide:amino acid gamma glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.2]. Glutamate production from glutathione was maximal at pH 7.4 (37 degrees C). Kinetically, the liver enzyme is similar to human kidney gamma-glutamyltransferase: their respective Km values with glutathione as substrate are similar (0.096 x 10(-3) mol/L and 0.097 x 10(-3) mol/L, respectively). S-Methylglutathione was hydrolyzed at a slightly higher rate than glutatione by liver gamma-glutamyltransferase. From these findings and other established properties of liver and kidney gamma-glutamyltransferase we propose that human liver is an important site of glutathione catabolism and that gamma-glutamyltransferase in liver catalyzes the first step of the catabolism of glutathione and glutathione conjugates in this organ. PMID- 32976 TI - Selective heat precipitability or reduced human hemoglobins in alkaline urea. AB - Solutions of reduced hemoglobins from patients with either SS, SC, or CC hemoglobinopathies precipitated when heated for two minutes at 100 degrees C at pH 9.20 in the presence of 3.64 M urea, while hemolysates of normal adult AA and newborns (FA hemoglobin) remained clear. In patients with hemoglobin C trait (AC) having 30% or more C hemoglobin, precipitation also occurred. The conditions of pH and urea concentration affording precipitation of hemoglobin S approximated those observed for hemoglobin C. PMID- 32977 TI - A coupled enzymatic method to measure blood lactate by amperometric monitoring of the rate of oxygen depletion with a Clark oxygen electrode. AB - A rapid, sensitive and reliable method to measure lactate in blood is described. The method is based on the enzymatic oxidation of lactate to pyruvate in the presence of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The reaction product, NADH, is then oxidized by molecular oxygen, carried in the buffered reagent medium, in the presence of horeseradish peroxidase and other cofactors. The maximum rate of oxygen depletion, which is directly proportional to the amount of lactate ion present in the sample, is amperometrically monitored by a membrane oxygen electrode. No sample pretreatment is required in the present procedure other than dilution, and a comparison study between the described method and a spectrophotometric method shows good correlation. PMID- 32978 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Sicily. Incidence, biochemical characteristics and clinical implications. AB - This report deals with the incidence, type and clinical implications of G6PD deficiency in Sicily. Of 3347 male subjects examined, 56 were deficient in G6PD. They were distributed throughout the island. The G6PD levels in RBC were almost zero; in leukocytes, platelets and saliva they were found to be 26%, 18% and 16%, respectively, of controls. The Michaelis constant for NADP and G6PD was lower than for controls. Conversely, the utilization of the analogous Ga16P and 2dG6P was higher. The thermostability of the enzyme was lower and the pH optima (6.5 and 9.5) were different from the controls. An identical electrophoretic pattern was found both in normal and deficient subjects. This pattern is superimposable on that described as Mediterranean variant. The analysis among 270 subjects admitted to our Clinic with hemolysis due to G6PD deficiency demonstrated that the most frequent disease is favism, followed by neonatal jaundice, while hemolysis due to drugs is very rare. Ingestion of fresh fava beans was the most frequent cause of favism, but cases occurred after breast feeding and inhalation of pollen. PMID- 32979 TI - The role of bacteria in acne vulgaris: a new approach. PMID- 32980 TI - A study of the relationship between cardiac beta-adrenoceptor blockade and intrinsic sympathomimetic activity in rats depleted of catecholamines. AB - 1. The intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of a range of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists and its relationship to beta-adrenoceptor blockade was studied in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized, vagotomized rats which had been depleted of catecholamines by pretreatment with syrosingopine. Dichlorisoprenaline, practolol, oxprenolol, pindolol and acebutolol, produced dose-dependent positive chronotropic responses in this preparation. 2. The relationship between the dose requirements for this intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity was not the same for all drugs: (i) dichlorisoprenaline and practolol had intrinsic activity at all beta-adrenoceptor-blocking doses; and (ii) oxprenolol, pindolol and acebutolol had predominantly beta-adrenoceptor blockade at the lower dose levels and agonist activity only became significant at high doses relative to those producing beta-adrenoceptor blockade. 3. The positive chronotropic response to both practolol and pindolol was observed in rats which had been pithed and was antagonized by propranolol (0.1-3.0 mg/kg, i.v.), indicating that beta-adrenoceptors were involved. 4. It was concluded that the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists was not a simple property as it was described by the relationship between the dose requirements for intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and for beta-adrenoceptor blockade as well as the degree of partial agonist activity. PMID- 32981 TI - The influence of the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on haemodynamic effects in anaesthetized dogs. AB - 1. The effects of propranolol, atenolol (ICI 66,082), practolol and pindolol on heart rate and maximal left ventricular dp/dt, atrioventricular conduction time, mean aortic flow and diastolic blood pressure during cardiac pacing were investigated over a wide dose range (0.025-4.0 mg/kg, i.v.) in dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbitone.2. Propranolol and atenolol produced similar reductions in haemodynamic parameters. Propranolol had no further effect in dogs pretreated with atenolol. 3. Practolol tended to cause smaller reductions in the haemodynamic parameters than either propranolol or atenolol. Subsequent administration of propranolol still had some depressant activity. 4. Pindolol produced a biphasic response, with depression of cardiac function at the low doses (0.025 and 0.1 mg/kg), but a reversal of effect as the dose was increased. 5. It is therefore concluded that, in anaesthetized dogs, the intrinsic activity of practolol and pindolol limits the fall in heart rate, cardiac conduction, aortic flow and maximal dp/dt observed with beta-adrenoceptor blockade. With pindolol, however, the influence of intrinsic activity is observed only in high doses related to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. PMID- 32982 TI - An application of receptor models to the analysis of data on beta-adrenoceptor blockade. AB - 1. The classical single receptor competitive occupancy model accurately describes the joint action of an agonist (isoprenaline) and a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist (propranolol) or some partial agonists (dichlorisoprenaline, practolol) on the positive chronotropic response in rats which have been depleted of catacholamines. 2. The mathematical form of the model suggests that the dissociation constants of classical competitive partial agonists may be assessed using dose ratios by exactly the same method as that currently used for agonist antagonist interactions, provided that the log dose-response curves are first suitably normalized. 3. Close agreement between the theoretical mathematical models and the experimental data can be demonstrated by statistical fitting for certain beta-adrenoceptor antagonists (propranolol, dichlorisoprenaline, practolol). 4. The model fails to describe the behaviour of other beta adrenoceptor antagonists (oxprenolol, pindolol). A possible extension of the model to include these drugs is proposed. PMID- 32983 TI - Studies in the rat on the haemodynamic overshoot response to withdrawal of guanfacine or clonidine treatment. AB - 1. Normal rats were injected intramuscularly twice daily for either 3 days or 3 weeks with guanfacine (0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg), clonidine (0.01 or 0.1 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline. All were anaesthetized at various times before or after the last injection, and their arterial pressures and heart rates were monitored via a carotid artery catheter. 2. Overshoots in systolic and diastolic pressure and heart rate, reaching peak values as soon as 16 h after the last injection, occurred in all rats withdrawn from guanfacine or clonidine treatment, but in no control rats. 3. Post-withdrawal blood pressures and heart rates of rats which had received the low dose of guanfacine or clonidine were as great as those of rats which had received the ten-fold greater dosage. Moreover, withdrawal responses were as great in rats which had been treated for only 3 days as in those treated for 3 weeks. 4. The dosages and duration of treatments used in these experiments thus did not influence the magnitude of the haemodynamic overshoots provoked by withdrawal of guanfacine or clonidine. However, all groups of rats from which guanfacine was withheld exhibited significantly greater peak overshoots in systolic and diastolic pressure than did those withdrawn from clonidine treatment. PMID- 32984 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid lactate and pH in patients with acute severe head injury. AB - Cerebral ventricular fluid (CSF) lactate and pH were measured repeatedly in 21 comatose patients with severe head injury during the first three weeks after trauma. In addition, regional cerebral 133Xe blood flow (rCBF) was measured two to four times in each patient at various time intervals, depending on the indications for carotid angiography, and the pressure in the cerebral ventricular system (IVP) was measured continuously. The series was divided into three groups: (1) patients with local cortical cerebral lesions, (2) patients with brain-stem symptoms, and (3) patients with both local cortical lesions and brain-stem symptoms. The results showed that a high CSF lactate level in patients with severe acute brain injury suggested severe and extensive brain lesions and predicted a poor outcome of the injury. In the individual patients, increasing CSF lactate foreboded clinical deterioration, whereas decreasing CSF lactate indicated recovery. The CSF pH was decreased in most patients, but very low pH levels (below 7.20) were seen only in three patients who all had a poor outcome. Correlation was not observed between CSF lactate and rCBF or between CSF pH and rCBF. It is concluded that repeated determination of CSF lactate and pH during the post-traumatic period may be a valuable tool in the assessment of the course and outcome of the brain injury. PMID- 32985 TI - Acute effects of piretanide in normal subjects. AB - Acute clearance studies were performed in normal subjects to assess the actions of the new diuretic, piretanide, on renal function. The drug increased both glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow in roughly proportionate amounts, so that filtration fraction did not change. In a dosage of 2 to 3 mg, it induced an increase in sodium excretion of almost 13% of filtered load, and there was an associated 2- to 3-fold increase in potassium excretion. The abstraction of solute-free water from the collecting duct was markedly reduced, but the drug induced no significant decline in the generation of free water. The rate of bicarbonate excretion, as well as that of titratable acid and ammonium, was increased approximately proportionately so that there was no increase in urinary pH or net hydrogen ion excretion. There was no phosphaturia, a unique finding, since all other drugs and maneuvers that cause a bicarbonate diuresis are also phosphaturic. Piretanide increased calcium excretion by approximately 19% of filtered load. The data suggest that the drug acts largely in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and that it also affects the proximal tubule. Despite its sulfonamide structure, none of the drug's effects appear to be related to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 32986 TI - The isolated perfused rat kidney. PMID- 32987 TI - The effect of established beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking therapy on the release of cytosolic and lysosomal enzymes after acute myocardial infarction in man. AB - 1. Serial venous blood samples were obtained from 45 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Ten of these patients were receiving beta-adreno-receptor blocking drugs at the time of onset of chest pain and continued on these drugs during their stay in the coronary care unit. The activities of creatine kinase and its MB-isoenzyme (CK-MB) were assayed in the plasma. A lysosomal enzyme, beta N-acetylglucosaminidase, was also assayed. 2. In the 35 untreated patients it was found that creatine kinase activity was maximal at a mean time of 21.3 +/- 1.3 h after the onset of chest pain, whereas in the patients receiving beta adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs peak activity of the enzyme occurred at 24.4 +/- 0.7 h. 3. Peak CK-MB acitivity was also delayed from 18.1 +/- 1.6 h in the control group to 22.4 +/- 1.2 h in the treated patients. 4. The lysosomal enzyme showed a similar pattern of changes to that of CK-MB. Maximum activity in plasma occurred at 18.0 +/- 1.0 h after the onset of chest pain in the control group of patients. In the treated patients peak lysosomal enzyme activity was not found until 24.2 +/- 1.2 h. 5. These alterations in the time-course of plasma enzyme changes after acute myocardial infarction are consistent with the suggestion that beta-receptor antagonists may delay tissue damage during myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 32988 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension in the aged]. PMID- 32989 TI - [Hepatoprotective effect of a combination of UDPG, vitamin B 12 and liver extract in psychiatric patients with liver diseases]. PMID- 32990 TI - Epidemiologic survey of accidental dentofacial injuries among U.S. Army personnel. AB - This epidemiologic study of accidental dentofacial injuries to U.S. Army personnel was conducted to determine the frequency and distribution patterns of accidental dentofacial injuries to soldiers. Administratively, it was anticipated that this data would permit identification of high-risk groups and would suggest feasible preventive measures. This 9-month study was conducted on 16 Army posts with a combined population at risk of 210,500 soldiers; a standardized data collection form was completed by the dental corps officer treating the injury case and then was mailed to a central collection site for analysis. The data from this dentofacial injury study clearly reveal that differential risks exist for various military subpopulations. While the overall U.S. Army accidental dentofacial injury rate was 37.7 cases/10,000/year, this rate varied greatly for specific subgroups with high-risk factors including young males, lower enlisted ranks, recent recruits, and combat training posts. The primary specific causes of these injuries were fistfights (nearly 30%), sports (over 20%), and vehicles (about 15%). PMID- 32991 TI - Symposium on the plasma level monitoring of tricyclic antidepressants. XIth Congress of the Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum (CINP), Vienna, 9-14 July 1978. Proceedings. PMID- 32992 TI - The first family (adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, octopamine, tyramine, phenylethanolamine and phenylethylamine). PMID- 32993 TI - Relaxation of Mytilus smooth muscle in low sodium. PMID- 32994 TI - The nature of potassium- and acetylcholine-induced contractures in the anterior byssal retractor muscle of Mytilus edulis. PMID- 32995 TI - Gamma-aminobutyric acid synthesis in erythrocytes of Testudo hermanni Gmelin. PMID- 32996 TI - Phospholipid analysis of the chick ventricles in the early stages of development when their excitability changes in tetrodotoxin or in sodium substitute media. PMID- 32997 TI - Comparative pharmacological properties of muscle function in the foregut and the hindgut of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. PMID- 32998 TI - Cholinergic involvement in nervous control of salivary fluid secretion in ixodid ticks. PMID- 32999 TI - Penetrable and impenetrable anions into the GABA-activated chloride channel on the postsynaptic neuromembrane of an identifiable giant neurone of an African giant snail (Achatina fulica Ferussac). PMID- 33000 TI - Disposition of diphenyl ether following intravenous administration to thorny skate (Raja radiata). PMID- 33001 TI - Induction of hepatic mixed-function oxidase (MFO) enzymes in trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) by feeding Aroclor 1254 or 3-methylcholanthrene. PMID- 33002 TI - Superoxide anion production and trypanocidal action of naphthoquinones on Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 33003 TI - Isolation of a C-reactive protein-like precipitin from the eggs of the lumpsucker (Cyclopterus lumpus L.). PMID- 33004 TI - The effects of monoamines on tarantula skeletal muscle. PMID- 33005 TI - Effects of some cyclic nucleotides on the wound healing and the regeneration of the sea-anemones, Cereus pedunculatus Penn. and Metridium senile L. PMID- 33006 TI - Thermoregulatory effects of central injection of noradrenaline in the Richardson's ground squirrel (Spermophilus richardsonII). PMID- 33007 TI - Species differences in catecholamine uptake and storage, cyclic AMP levels and adenyl cyclase activity in heart muscle. PMID- 33008 TI - Activity changes induced by some biogenic amines on identified nerve cells of Aplysia depilans. PMID- 33009 TI - Control of ciliary activity in Paramecium--I. Modification of K+-induced ciliary reversal by temperature and ruthenium red. PMID- 33010 TI - Control of ciliary activity in Paramecium--II. Modification of K+-induced ciliary reversal by cholinergic ligands and quaternary ammonium compounds. PMID- 33011 TI - The innervation of the resorptive structures in the swimbladder of a physoclist fish Pollachius virens (L.). PMID- 33012 TI - The effect of caffeine and quinine on calcium efflux and cyclic AMP levels in bovine ileal smooth muscle. PMID- 33013 TI - Free amino acids and amines in the pineal organ of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): influence of light and dark. PMID- 33014 TI - The regional distribution of cholinacetyl transferase and acetylcholinesterase in the brain of the Lamprey (Petromyzon fluviatilis). PMID- 33015 TI - Release of nickel from cooking utensils. AB - The release of nickel to boiling water from new and used saucepans of different material was measured. No nickel was released from aluminium, teflon and enamel. Certain amounts of nickel were released from stainless steel, but only at acid pH. PMID- 33016 TI - The effect of blood pH on the electrocardiogram. PMID- 33017 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the great masquerader. Clinical conference from the Cardiology Branch of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md. PMID- 33018 TI - [Changes in the affinity of the acidic group of the sodium channel for hydrogen ions following exposure to aconitine]. PMID- 33019 TI - [Disruption of tyrosine aminotransferase induction by hydrocortisone in the livers of mice which had received o-aminoazotoluene]. PMID- 33020 TI - [Cyanide binding with ferricytochrome a3 in rat liver mitochondria]. PMID- 33021 TI - Conjugation of various drugs in isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 33022 TI - Stereoselectivity in the metabolism of the enantiomers of cyclophosphamide in mice, rats, and rabbits. PMID- 33023 TI - alpha-Methyldopamine, a key intermediate in the metabolic disposition of 3,4 methylenedioxyamphetamine in vivo in dog and monkey. AB - Metabolites of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine in the urine of dogs and monkeys were separated by gas-liquid chromatography as their trifluoroacetyl and/or n butyl ether derivatives and identified by comparison of the chromatographic and mass spectrometric behavior of these derivatives with those of synthetic compounds. The metabolites identified in dog and monkey urine were alpha methyldopamine, 3-O-methyl-alpha-methyldopamine, and 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ketone. The monkey urine also contained 3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl methyl ketone and 3,4-methylenedioxybenzoic acid present as a glucuronide and/or sulfate conjugate, whereas the dog urine had 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid present as a conjugate other than glucuronide and sulfate. The phenolic metabolites in both species were present free and as glucuronide and/or sulfate conjugates. PMID- 33024 TI - Rabbit hepatic microsomal O-demethylation of chlorotrianisene. AB - The in vitro hepatic O-demethylation of the nonsteroidal estrogen chlorotrianisene (CTA) has been studied. The rate of O-demethylation was maximal at 0.4 mM NADPH. Although NADH did not catalyze the reaction alone, it had a synergistic effect in the presence of equimolar amounts of NADPH. Carbon monoxide decreased the rate of O-demethylation. Nicotinamide was found to decrease the O demethylation rate at a concentration of 40 mM, but had no apparent effect at concentrations of 20 mM or lower. Extracts from incubation mixtures contained one major (mono-O-demethylated) and a minor (bis-O-demethylated) metabolite. Extracts of mixtures containing soluble rather than microsomal enzymes or from mixtures in which microsomal protein had been denatured did not contain these metabolites. PMID- 33025 TI - Pharmacokinetics of sulfadimidine in normal and diarrheic calves. AB - Pharmacokinetics of sulfadimidine after intravenous and oral administration of 50 mg per kg body weight were investigated in 2- to 22-day-old healthy and diarrheic calves. The data were processed in a digital computer. The values of absorption and elimination half-times after oral administration were 7.3 and 26 hr in healthy and 2.5 and 17.7 hr in diarrheic calves. It is evident from the results that the elimination of sulfadimidine in calves is very slow and characteristic of the species. In diarrheic calves the absorption half-time was significantly shortened and the same was found for the elimination half-time. The slow elimination must be taken into account when designing therapeutic schedules in calves. The effect of diarrhea on the pharmacokinetics of sulfadimidine indicate that more attention should be paid to changes of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination during diarrhea. PMID- 33026 TI - Evaluation of succinimidoethyl and pivaloyloxyethyl esters as progenitors of methyldopa in man, rhesus monkey, dog, and rat. AB - The succinimidoethyl (Sm) and pivaloyloxyethyl (P) esters of methyldopa were evaluated as progenitors of the latter. Experiments in spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats and humans demonstrated that a radioactive dose of progenitor was well absorbed. The metabolism of these progenitors appeared to be comparable in the SH rat; the urinary excretion of [3H]methyldopa was similar after oral administration of [3H]Sm or [3H]P. In humans the levels of [3H]methyldopa were higher in the urine following administration of [3H]P. Apparently Sm was more resistant than P to extrahepatic esterase action in man (and dog). In man the catechol nucleus of Sm was apparently conjugated prior to hydrolytic cleavage to release conjugated [3H]methyidopa. The progenitors possessed similar antihypertensive properties in the SH rat but preliminary results in humans suggested that Sm possessed less antihypertensive potency than P. PMID- 33027 TI - Biotransformation of prochiral 2-phenyl-1,3-di(4-pyridyl)-2-propanol to a chiral N-oxide metabolite. AB - The prochiral compound, 2-phenyl-1,3-di(4-pyridyl)-2-propanol (PPP) labeled with 3H in the phenyl ring, was administered to rats, dogs, and a human subject. Paper chromatography of the urine indicated that a major metabolite common to all three species was excreted. This metabolite was isolated from the urine of chronically dosed dogs and was identified by mass, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and infrared spectrometry as the N-oxide, 2-phenyl-1-(4-pyridyl)-3-(4-pyridyl-1 oxide)-2-propanol. In addition, polarimetry indicated that this metabolite was levorotatory. Examination of the enantiomeric purity of a crystallized sample of the metabolite by NMR spectroscopy of resolvable diastereomeric salts formed with lasalocid revealed the presence of only the levorotatory enantiomer. Accordingly, this metabolic N-oxide formation in the dog was at least stereoselective, and perhaps stereospecific. The N-oxidation of PPP was also demonstrated in vitro with 9000 g supernatant fraction of rat liver fortified with an NADPH generating system, and this reaction was inducible by phenobarbital, indicating that it is mediated by the cytochrome P-450 mixed-function oxidase system. This study, in addition to providing another example of the pyridyl N-oxidation pathway, illustrates the necessity of considering the stereochemical aspects of the metabolism of prochiral drugs. PMID- 33028 TI - The absorption, distribution, and excretion in mice of the antimalarial mefloquine, erythro-2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-alpha-(2-piperidyl)-4 quinolinemethanol hydrochloride. AB - Following oral administration of 14C-labeled mefloquine hydrochloride to female mice, the drug was well absorbed and distributed throughout the body. At both 24 and 48 hr after dosing the majority of radiolabel remaining in the body was in the form of parent drug. The major route of radiolabel excretion was fecal after either oral or intraperitoneal administration, with approximately 20% in the urine by 240 hr. The elimination t1/2 of unchanged drug after oral or intraperitoneal dosing was 18.7 and 13.5 hr, respectively, for urine and 14.5 and 15.4 hr, respectively, for feces. The t1/2 of parent drug after oral administration was 17.0 hr for plasma and 18.6 hr for erythrocytes. The erythrocyte concentration of drug was approximately five times the plasma concentration. PMID- 33029 TI - Physiological disposition and metabolism of cyclobenzaprine in the rat, dog, rhesus monkey, and man. AB - The absorption, distribution, excretion, and metabolism of 3-(5 H dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene)-N,N-dimethyl-1-propanamine (cyclobenzaprine) were investigated in the rat, dog, rhesus monkey, and man. The drug was well absorbed in all species after oral administration. The rat eliminated the drug primarily in the feces, but urinary excretion was predominant in the dog, monkey, and man. The drug was rapidly and widely distributed into rat tissues, highest concentrations being found in the small intestine, lung, kidney, and liver. The drug was highly bound in human plasma. Extensive biliary excretion of the labeled compound was observed in the rat. Major metabolites in the rat were phenolic derivatives but in man the major metabolites were 10,11-dihydroxynortriptyline and cyclobenzaprine glucuronide. Only minor amounts of unchanged drug were present in the urine. PMID- 33030 TI - N-Didemethyl-n-propionyl-6,9;9, 12-erythromycin A-spiroketal, a new metabolite of erythromycin ethyl succinate in man. AB - A novel, neutral metabolite of erythromycin was isolated from the urine of a patient treated with erythromycin ethyl succinate. After separation and purification on Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, the structure of the metabolite was deduced from spectral data to be the propionamide of the didemethylated 6,9;9, 12-spiroketal of erythromycin A. PMID- 33031 TI - Enzymatic conjugation and hydrolysis of [18O]isoborneol glucuronide. AB - Introduction of 18O into the acetal linkage of isoborneol glucuronide has been accomplished through the in vitro enzymatic conjugation of 18O-labeled isoborneol by use of immobilized, partially purified, rabbit liver UDP-glucuronyltransferase supplemented with UDP-glucuronic acid. Mass-spectrometric analysis of 18O enrichment in both the aglycon and the intact conjugate made it possible to study both enzymatic conjugation and enzymatic hydrolysis. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry indicated that the labeled hydroxyl oxygen of isoborneol is retained during both conjugation and hydrolysis. PMID- 33032 TI - Effects of phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene on anesthetic defluorination in Fischer 344 rats. PMID- 33033 TI - [Drug interactions in antiepileptic combination therapy]. PMID- 33034 TI - [Pharmaceutic incompatibilities--pharmaceutically undesirable conditions--in feed drugs. II. Chemical incompatibilities]. PMID- 33035 TI - A three hours study of the response of plasma corticosterone and of three liver enzymes in rats subjected to stress in the late afternoon or during the morning hours. AB - In adult male rats kept under controlled illumination (lights on from 6 a.m.--6 p.m.) the existence of higher afternoon values of plasma corticosterone ("B") is reconfirmed. Moreover, plasma "B" increases induced by 400 revolutions in Noble Collip drums or immobilization for 2.5 h were found substantially less pronounced if stressor application took place at 4 p.m. rather than 8 a.m. so that essentially no difference between morning and afternoon poststress peaks was observed. Also the response to 0.05 mg ACTH i.p. was smaller in the afternoon experiments. Additionally three liver enzymes the activity of which is increased by corticosterone released under conditions of stress were also studied. Higher afternoon activity of liver tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and tryptophan pyrrolase (TP) was observed in spite of fasting from 8 a.m. imposed to the animals taking part in the afternoon experiments. The activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was also increased in the afternoon probably because of the food deprivation. Immobilization-induced increase in the activity of all three enzymes showed a similar blunting as plasma "B" response, so that no differences between morning and afternoon were found in peak poststress values. In conclusion, the low plasma "B" response of rats at a time when the animals begin the active part of their day seems to have important metabolic implications. PMID- 33036 TI - Higher plant systems as monitors of environmental mutagens. Proceedings of the NIEHS-sponsored workshop, Marineland, Florida, January 15-19, 1978. PMID- 33037 TI - Fifth Los Alamos life sciences symposium: hazardous solid wastes and their disposal, Los Alamos, New Mexico, October 12-14, 1977. Proceedings. PMID- 33038 TI - beta-Galactosidases in mouse duodenal mucosa. AB - beta-Galactosidase activity, in fetal mice, first appears at 16 days of gestation and has a pH optimum of 4. In postnatal development the enzyme activity of cell homogenates tends to show bimodal pH at 4 and 5.6. There are two molecular forms of the enzyme, separable both by molecular-sieve chromatography and electrophoresis. One of the molecular forms of the enzyme is active over a wider range of pH (3.2-6.2) and has half as much activity at 5.6 as it does at 4. This isoenzyme is continuously present in both fetal and postnatal stages. The second isoenzyme first appears at birth, is active over a narrower range of pH (4.6-6.2) and inactive at PH 4. The bimodal pH optima observed in postnatal stages in the cell homogenates, appears to be due to the combined activity of the two molecular forms. In isolated brush border membranes, isoenzyme 2 is the only one present. The other organelles (mitochondria, microsomes, lysosomes, nuclei and cytoplasm) have variable proportions of both isoenzymes, as indicated by the activity ratio at pH 4/5.6. PMID- 33039 TI - Trimethoprim-induced elevation of dihydrofolate reductase activity in human leukocytes. AB - The administration of trimethoprim (TMP)--a diamino benzylpyrimidine compound which binds very tightly the bacterial dihydrofolate reductase--was accompanied by the appearance of measurable levels of dihydrofolate reductase in peripheral leukocytes from patients with nonhematological diseases. In all instances, enzyme activity rose rapidly between the fourth and eighth day after TMP. The time course of the rise and fall of dihydrofolate activity approaches cellular life span and is similar to that obtained after methotrexate or triamterene administration. Dihydrofolate reductases, partially purified from leukocytes of patients treated with TMP, bone marrow and leukemic leukocytes, had simila molecular weights, pH optima, Ki of inhibitor (methotrexate); they were stimulated to the same degree by KCl and urea. Electrophoresis of the enzyme on cellulose acetate strip resulted in the separation of two enzymatically active protein components. No differences in the electrophoretic behavior of the three blood cell enzymes were noted. The findings noted above are consistent with the suggestion that the observed rise in dihydrofolate reductase activity is a quantitative one. Moreover, the effect of TMP in vivo is discussed in comparison with the currently held hypothesis for methotrexate action (stabilization by the drug of a previously synthetized enzyme). PMID- 33040 TI - An investigation of the action and haemolytic effect of glyceryl guaiacolate in the horse. PMID- 33041 TI - Dissociation of light chains from cardiac myosin. PMID- 33042 TI - Calcium gradient-dependent and calcium gradient-independent phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum by orthophosphate. The role of magnesium. AB - Phosphorylation of the calcium-transport ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by inorganic phosphate was investigated in the presence or absence of a calcium gradient. The maximum phosphoprotein formation in the presence of a calcium gradient at 20 degrees C and pH 7.0 is approximately 4 nmol/mg sarcoplasmic reticulum protein, but only between 2.4 and 2.8 nmol/mg protein in the absence of a calcium gradient, using Ionophore X-537 A or phospholipase-A treated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. Maximum phosphoprotein formation independent of calcium gradient at 20 degrees C and pH 6.2 is in the range of 3.6 -4 nmol/mg protein. Half-maximum phosphoprotein formation dependent on calcium gradient was achieved with 0.1--0.2 mM free orthophosphate at 10 mM free magnesium or at 0.1--0.2 mM free magnesium at 10 mM free orthophosphate. Phosphoprotein formation independent of calcium gradient is in accordance with a model which assumes, firstly, the formation of a ternary complex of the ATPase protein with orthophosphate and magnesium (E . Pi . Mg) in equilibrium with the phosphoprotein (E-Pi . Mg) and, secondly, an interdependence of both ions in the formation of the ternary complex. The apparent equilibrium constant was 0.6 and the apparent dissociation constants KMg, KMg', KPi and KPi' were 8.8, 1.9, 7.2 and 1.5 mM respectively, assuming a total concentration of the phosphorylation site per enzyme of 7 nmol/mg protein. PMID- 33043 TI - The 1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectra of Neurotoxin I and cardiotoxin Vii4 from Naja mossambica mossambica. AB - Two toxins from the venom of Naja mossambica mossambica, neurotoxin I and cardiotoxin VII4, were investigated in aqueous solution by high-resolution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques at 360 MHz. The spectral characterization of the proteins included determination of the number of slowly exchanging amide protons which can be observed in 2H2O solution, measurement of the amide proton chemical shifts and exchange rates, characterization of the aromatic spin systems and the internal mobilities of aromatic rings, and studies of the pH dependence of the NMR spectra. For numerous resonances of labile and non-labile protons quite outstanding pH titration shifts were observed. It is suggested that these NMR parameters provide a useful basis for comparative structural studies of different proteins in the large group of homologous snake toxins. As a first application the NMR data presently available in the literature on neurotoxin II from Naja naja oxiana, toxin alpha from Naja nigricollis and erabutoxin a and b from Laticauda semifasciata have been used to compare these three proteins with neurotoxin I from Naja mossambica mossambica. This preliminary comparative study provides evidence that the same type of spatial structure prevails for these four homologous neurotoxins and that the folding of the backbone corresponds quite closely to that observed in the crystal structure of erabutoxin b. A second application is the comparison of cardiotoxin VII4 from Naja mossambica mossambica with the neurotoxins. The experimental data indicate that the folding of the polypeptide backbone is closely similar, but that the cardiotoxin molecule is markedly more flexible than the neurotoxins. PMID- 33044 TI - Response of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence to transmembrane pH-gradients in chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. PMID- 33045 TI - Purification and properties of a new restriction endonuclease from Haemophilus influenzae Rf. AB - Haemophilus influenzae Rf 232, showing the phenomena of restriction and modification, contains an endonuclease that inactivates in vitro the biological activity of DNAs lacking the strain-specific modification. This specific restriction endonuclease has been purified to near homogeneity by a procedure that includes DNA-agarose chromatography. This highly purified enzyme requires ATP and Mg2+ for activity and is stimulated by S-adenosylmethionine. The enzyme seems to cleave DNA at well-defined sites, since it produces a specific pattern of bands upon agarose gel electrophoresis. The enzyme has no ATPase activity. A methylase activity is observed in the course of the endonucleolytic reaction, which probably protects some of the DNA sites from cleavage. PMID- 33046 TI - Refolding and reactivation of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase beta2 subunit after inactivation and dissociation in guanidine hydrochloride at acidic pH. PMID- 33047 TI - Calcium-induced inactivation of microtubule formation in brain extracts. Presence of a calcium-dependent protease acting on polymerization-stimulating microtubule associated proteins. AB - Incubation of brain extracts in the presence of 1 mM CaCl2 results in the permanent loss of tubulin polymerization, even after later addition of ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), when assembly conditions are chosen which rely on the presence of microtubule associated proteins (such as MAP1 and MAP2). Purified microtubular protein, by contrast, recovers readily from calcium inhibition by the later addition of EGTA. Mixing experiments, using purified microtubular protein and brain extract, show that permanent loss of tubulin assembly is always accompanied by proteolysis of high-molecular-weight microtubular-associated proteins. Addition of purified protein MAP2 after chelation of calcium by EGTA, immediately restores microtubule assembly. Furthermore, substitution of guanosine 5'-[alpha, beta methylene]triphosphate for GTP after EGTA treatment results in the typical tubulin polymerization process, which is independent of the presence of microtubule-associated proteins. Thus, the proteolytic action of a calcium dependent protease is specific for high-molecular-weight microtubule-associated proteins and not tubulin itself. The protease is soluble and therefore removing during the purification of microtubular protein by cycles of temperature dependent polymerization and depolymerization. We discuss the potential physiological importance of this calcium-dependent protease. PMID- 33048 TI - Affinity purification and properties of cathepsin-E-like acid proteinase from rat spleen. AB - A unique acid proteinase different from cathepsin D was purified from rat spleen by a method involving precipitation at pH 3.5, affinity chromatography on pepstatin-Sepharose 4B and concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B, chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-Sephacel, and isoelectric focusing. A purification of 4200-fold over the homogenate was achieved and the yield was 11%. The purified enzyme appeared to be homogeneous on electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was determined to be 4.1-4.4. The enzyme hydrolyzed hemoglobin with a pH optimum of about 3.1. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 90000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. In sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified enzyme showed a single protein band corresponding to a molecular weight of about 45000. The hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin by the enzyme was much higher than that of serum albumin. Various synthetic and natural inhibitors of the enzyme were tested. The enzyme was inhbited by Zn2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, cyanide, p chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetic acid and pepstatin, whereas 2-mercaptoethanol, phenylmethyl-sulfonyl fluoride and leupeptin showed no effect. PMID- 33049 TI - Studies on polypeptide-chain-elongation factors from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. 3. Molecular properties. AB - Molecular properties of the polypeptide chain elongation factors from Thermus thermophilus HB8 have been investigated and compared with those from Escherichia coli. 1. As expected, the factors purified from T. thermophilus were exceedingly heat-stable. Even free EF-Tu not complexed with GDP was stable after heating for 5 min at 60 degrees C. 2. GDP binding activity of T. thermophilus EF-Tu was also stable in various protein denaturants, such as 5.5 M urea, 1.5 M guanidine-HCl, and 4 M LiCl. 3. Amino acid compositions of EF-Tu and EF-G from T. thermophilus were similar to those from E. coli. On the other hand, amino acid composition of T. thermophilus EF-Ts was considerably different from that of E. coli EF-Ts. 4. In contrast to E. coli EF-Tu, T. thermophilus EF-Tu contained no free sulfhydryl group, but one disulfide bond. The disulfide bond was cleaved by sodium borohydride or sodium sulfite under native conditions. The heat stability of the reduced EF-Tu . GDP, as measured by GDP binding activity, did not differ from that of the untreated EF-Tu . GDP. 5. T. thermophilus EF-Ts contained, in addition to one disulfide bond, a sulfhydryl group which could be titrated only after complete denaturation of the protein. 6. Under native conditions one sulfhydryl group of T. thermophilus EF-G was titrated with p chloromercuribenzoate, while the rate of reaction was very sluggish. The sulfhydryl group appears to be essential for interaction with ribosomes, whereas the ability to form a binary GDP . EF-G complex was not affected by its modification. The protein contained also one disulfide bond. 7. Circular dichroic spectra of EF-Tu from T. thermophilus and E. coli were very similar. Binding of GDP or GTP caused a similar spectral change in both. T. thermophilus and E. coli EF-Tu. On the other hand, the spectra of T. thermophilus EF-G and E. coli EF-G were significantly different, the content of ordered structure being higher in the former as compared to the latter. PMID- 33050 TI - N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA hydrolase from yeast. Purification and properties. AB - This paper describes the purification and properties of an enzyme present in yeast which splits N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA to N-acetylphenylalanine and tRNA. The enzyme has been 35000 as estimated by filtration on Sephadex G-150, is maximally active in the presence of a divalent cation (Mg2+ , Mn2+ or Ca2+) and has a pH optimum at around neutrality. The enzyme is highly specific in hydrolyzing N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA (Km = 0.4 micron). Phenylalanyl-tRNA is hydrolyzed with a similar apparent affinity but with an efficiency of 40% of that found for N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA. Other free or N-substituted aminoacyl-tRNAs are not substrates of this hydrolase. Neither of the two reaction products are effective inhibitors of this enzyme. Based on its substrate specificity, the trivial name of N-acetylphenylalanyl-tRNA hydrolase is proposed for this enzyme. PMID- 33051 TI - Protons and Mg2+ cations as probes in investigating the role of GTP in initiation complex formation. AB - fMet-tRNAfMet binding to both 30-S subunits and to 70-S particles is dependent on both pH AND Mg2+ concentration: for fMet-tRNAfMet binding to 70-S particles, variations of pH and Mg2+ concentration are tightly interdependent. This behavior can be interpreted by the polyelectrolyte theory as a direct consequence of the fact that the binding occurs in a polyanionic micro-environment. The pH-dependent binding to 70-S particles clearly shows the involvement of two prototropic groups which appear to be those carrying out GTP hydrolysis, therefore directly linked to initiation complex formation; in the presence of a non-hydrolyzable analogue to GTP, guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma-imido]triphosphate, the binding of fMet tRNAfMet shows much less interdependence between variation of pH and Mg2+ concentration. PMID- 33052 TI - "Spontaneous" neoplastic transformation in vitro of epithelial cell strains of rat liver: cytology, growth and enzymatic activities. PMID- 33053 TI - Effects of terfenadine and diphenhydramine alone or in combination with diazepam or alcohol on psychomotor performance and subjective feelings. AB - The effects of single oral doses of terfenadine, diphenhydramine and placebo, alone or in combination with diazepam or alcohol, on psychomotor performance and subjective feelings were evaluated in a double-blind, crossover study in 20 normal male volunteers. Terfenadine 60, 120 and 240 mg had no effect on psychomotor skills and subjective feelings, whereas diphenhydramine 100 mg slightly impaired certain features of psychomotor performance and severely worsened subjective feelings. Terfenadine 120 mg did not influence the adverse effects of oral diazepam 10 mg or of alcohol 0.75 g/kg on psychomotor performance and subjective feelings. In contrast, diphenhydramine 100 mg significantly enhanced these effects of diazepam and alcohol. PMID- 33054 TI - A topographic analysis of metabolic pathways in single living cells by multisite microfluorometry. PMID- 33055 TI - Imino acid transport in human diploid fibroblasts. PMID- 33056 TI - Adrenergic drugs and intraocular pressure: effects of selective beta-adrenergic agonists. PMID- 33057 TI - Effect of triiodothyronine on glutamine synthetase in the developing rat retina. PMID- 33058 TI - Age dependent kinetic changes in the activities of central cholinergic enzymes. PMID- 33059 TI - Partial characterization of the age-related stabilizing factor of post-mature human collagen--I. By the use of bacterial collagenase. PMID- 33060 TI - Partial characterization of the age-related stabilizing factor of post-mature human collagen--II. By the use of trypsin. PMID- 33061 TI - [Influence of O2-, CO2-tension and anaerobiosis upon number and morphology of pneumococcal colonies (author's transl)]. PMID- 33062 TI - The influence of pH on the sex-related differences in renal organic ion transport. AB - The stimulating effects of elevated medium pH and androgen on in vitro transport of p-aminohippurate and N-methylnicotinamide (NMN) were additive, although the androgenic effect was pH-dependent only in the case of NMN. The similarity of response of the 2 systems supports the idea of a common passive efflux pathway for organic anions and cations. PMID- 33063 TI - Drug protein interaction: inhibition of glutamate dehydrogenase by psycoactive butyrophenones. PMID- 33064 TI - Effect of vitamin B6 deficiency on the crosslink formation of collagen. PMID- 33065 TI - How many distinct enzymes are responsible for the several cellular processes involving thiol:protein-disulphide interchange? PMID- 33066 TI - Calcium-proton exchange in cardiac and liver mitochondria. PMID- 33067 TI - Oxidative phosphorylation and proton translocation in a lipoate-deficient mutant of Escherichia coli. PMID- 33068 TI - Neuroendocrine mechanisms and aging. AB - Evidence describing altered neuroendocrine function during aging from this and other laboratories is reviewed, with focus on changes in the brain-pituitary ovarian-adrenal-hepatic and in the brain-pituitary-ovarian systems. Difficulties in interpreting the discordant data on age-related changes in pituitary function are discussed. Among mechanisms of reproductive aging are changes at both the ovarian and hypothalamic level (including reduced catecholamine levels, turnover, and synaptosomal uptake). However, it cannot yet be concluded that impairments of hypothalamic catecholamine metabolism are the primary cause for the loss of regular cycles. Evidence for dopaminergic impairments in the basal ganglions of humans and rodents during normal aging suggests that these changes may be a general phenomenon of aging. Although the origins of the changes are not yet known, neuronal cell loss in the substantia nigra would not seem to be the only cause. PMID- 33069 TI - [Drug preparations: salasopyridazine]. PMID- 33070 TI - Scientific papers to be presented at the thirty-fifth annual meeting of the American Fertility Society, February 5 to 7, 1979. San Francisco, California. PMID- 33071 TI - The effect of chloroquine diphosphate on the local graft-versus-host reaction and skin graft survival in mice. PMID- 33072 TI - [Austrian Dermatological Society. Scientific meeting on the 10th of December 1977 in Vienna. Abstracts]. PMID- 33073 TI - [Dermatological Society at the Charite Berlin. 41st meeting on 2.1.1978. Abstracts]. PMID- 33074 TI - [Continuous-education sessions of regional dermato-venereologists and their welfare workers of the districts Erfurt, Gera and Suhl. March 15-16, 1978 in Oberhof]. PMID- 33075 TI - A radiometric method for the measurement of L-asparagine synthetase activity: comparison with available methods. PMID- 33076 TI - Fetal-maternal hemorrhage after amniocentesis: incidence, degree and ramifications. AB - A review of the literature indicates a small but significant incidence of fetal maternal hemorrhage following amniocentesis. In these studies, consideration has not been given to the frequency with which erythrocytes containing hemoglobin F are to be found in the maternal circulation in the absence of amniocentesis. In this investigation, Kleihauer-Betke analysis was carried out before and after amniocentesis. This study confirms previous reports that spontaneous fetal maternal hemorrhage is not uncommon during normal intrauterine gestation and that amniocentesis is probably only an occasional cause of fetal-maternal hemorrhage. This impression is based on the findings that most Kleihauer-positive maternal blood samples after amniocentesis were also positive before amniocentesis. In spite of these findings, and since Rh-immune serum globulin is apparently harmless to the fetus and mother, its use is still advocated in nonsensitized Rh negative mothers after amniocentesis. PMID- 33077 TI - Repeat laparotomy as a preclinical diagnostic and therapeutic method for treating ovarian carcinoma. AB - One hundred forty-two cases of epithelial ovarian carcinoma were treated from 1972 to 1976 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Central Hospital, Turku, Finland. Repeat laparotomy was performed on 37 of the patients about six months after total extirpative surgery (group I). In addition, a second laparotomy was performed on 14 patients after partial surgery or exploratory laparotomy (group II). All patients were given external radiation therapy combined with cytostatic treatment prior to the repeat laparotomies. A preclinical carcinoma was detected in six of the 37 patients in group I. Two of them are asymptomatic after five years of follow-up. In group II, total surgery after initial partial or exploratory laparotomy succeeded in half of the cases. Serous and endometroid carcinomas appeared to respond best to conservative therapy preceding repeat laparotomy. PMID- 33078 TI - Surgical closure of the incompetent cervix: 15 years' experience. AB - This paper presents the author's experience, over a 15-year period, with 33 patients who demonstrated cervical incompetence and who were treated by surgical procedures. The surgical approach is unique in that the band is placed under direct vision above the uterosacral ligaments and through the cardinal ligaments. Slippage of the band, with resultant loss of pregnancy, is most unlikely. Fifty three pregnancies occurred in this group. Each patient treated by the described technique produced one or more living children. Complications which occurred in the group are also discussed. PMID- 33079 TI - The effectiveness of obligatory lymphadenectomy in treating carcinoma of the cervix. AB - For the past 20 years, obligatory lymphadenectomy has been performed with the Wertheim's operation for carcinoma of the cervix at the First University Women's Clinic in Vienna. Formerly, selective lymphadenectomy was performed with the radical operation, with only nodes suspected of metastasis being removed. The theoretical advantages and disadvantages of each system are discussed, and several previous reports are analyzed and criticized. Our experience at the First University Women's Clinic shows that rates of mortality from recurrence were higher for a group of patients who underwent selective lymphadenectomy from 1946 to 1949 than for two more recent series who were treated with obligatory lymphadenectomy. Thus, the effectiveness of performing the latter procedure with the Wertheim's operation to reduce mortality from recurrence is confirmed. PMID- 33080 TI - Reducing the morbidity of vacuum aspiration abortion. AB - This paper reports an analysis of the measures taken at Preterm, Inc, of Washington, DC, to reduce the incidence of complications of first trimester outpatient abortions. Data are presented on the 291 complications (40.0/1000) resulting from 7272 procedures performed during 1976. Forty-one women were hospitalized (5.6/1000). It has been our experience that routine use of ultrasonography when gestational age is unclear, careful examination of tissue especially when a small quantity is present and early use of reevacuation to diagnose and treat postabortal complications are essential in reducing the incidence and severity of abortion complications. PMID- 33081 TI - The effect of maternal age, parity, fetal sex and season upon early intrauterine development. PMID- 33082 TI - Consumption coagulopathy associated with intrauterine fetal death: the role of heparin therapy. AB - A gravida with intrauterine fetal death who developed progressive chronic consumption coagulopathy was treated with heparin. When serial fibrinogen levels fell below 100 mg% and the prothrombin time was significantly prolonged, intravenously injected heparin corrected hypofibrinogenemia. A safe delivery followed administration of oxytocin. The authors emphasize the infrequent need for heparin therapy in the majority of cases of the intrauterine fetal death syndrome. Therapeutic guidelines for its use in selected cases are reviewed. PMID- 33083 TI - Successful pregnancy following myocardial infarction: a case report. AB - A case of successful pregnancy following myocardial infarction is reported. The literature on this subject is reviewed and discussed. It is concluded that, if sufficient time is allowed for healing, pregnancy following myocardial infarction is associated with little or no maternal or fetal mortality. A plan of obstetrical management is outlined. PMID- 33084 TI - Histologic malignancy grading in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. AB - A preliminary report on a histologic malignancy grading of vulvar carcinoma is presented. A retrospective histologic study of 40 vulvar carcinoma cases stage I and II (TNM-system) with a minimum five-year follow-up was carried out and correlated to the course of the disease. Morphologic criteria characterizing the tumor cell population, as well as the tumor-host relationship, were examined and scored. The scores obtained could be divided into three groups that correlated well with the clinical outcome. The low-score group had no metastases or recurrence, whereas 82% of the high-score group had both metastases and fatalities. Depth of invasion was found to have a strong correlation to clinical outcome. A more accurate morphologic malignancy grading of such carcinomas could lead to a more individual and often less radical treatment plan. PMID- 33085 TI - Correlates of human umbilical cord length. AB - In this study of the umbilical cord lengths of 602 Nigerian infants delivered at term, the mean, median and modal measurements were 57.48, 57.71 and 68.00 cm, respectively (range = 20-100 cm). There was a significant positive correlation between cord length and fetal weight (r = 0.2177, p less than 0.001) and also between cord length and placental weight (r = 0.2504, p less than 0.001). Other fetal and maternal variables studied did not correlate with cord length. Further investigations of the factors responsible for the growth of the umbilical vessels are needed. PMID- 33086 TI - Treating dysmenorrhea with anti-inflammatory agents: a double-blind trial with naproxen sodium. AB - Thirty-two dysmenorrheic patients participated in a double-blind trial of naproxen sodium for three consecutive menstrual cycles. The women were divided into two groups: 15 women were given naproxen sodium (the sodium salt of d-2-(6 methoxy-2-naphthyl) propionic acid) and 17 women received placebo tablets. The women were prescribed two tablets (550 mg) at the first sign of menstrual pain and one tablet (275 mg) thereafter every six hours, as required. There were no significant differences between the two groups in physical characteristics, obstetric and gynecologic histories, including the character of dysmenorrhea and pretreatment pain intensity scores (p = 0.7). Following intake of the drug or placebo, the participants rated the relief provided by the medication with a six point scoring system. When the scores for pain relief were tallied for the three treatment cycles, the naproxen sodium group averaged 13.7 +/- 0.65 standard error, while the placebo group averaged 8.8 +/- 0.95 standard error out of a possible maximum relief score of 18. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant at p = 0.0004. Few patients reported side effects. PMID- 33087 TI - Risks and benefits of culdoscopic female sterilization. AB - This paper reviews the risks and benefits of the culdoscopic approach to female sterilization in an alnalysis of 2153 culdoscopic sterilization procedures performed at 11 centers in nine countries. Inability to occlude the tubes as planned was reported for approximately 6.0% of the cases including 1.4% in which one or both tubes could not be occluded by any technique. Surgical difficulties were reported for about 13.0% of the procedures, and surgical complications, of which the most frequent was torn or bleeding tubes, occurred in 2.0% of the cases. Pregnancy rates were significantly higher for patients whose tubes were occluded by tantalum clips (7.7 per 100 women at 12 months), indicating that this is not the preferred technique of tubal occlusion; the 12-month life table pregnancy rates were 0.1 per 100 women for tubal ring and 0.0 for Pomeroy and fimbriectomy. Comparison of these data with similar pooled data on laparoscopy and minilaparotomy indicates that culdoscopy is associated with greater technical difficulty and morbidity. Thus, abdominal procedures will continue to be preferred for use in most large-scale programs. PMID- 33088 TI - Collagenolytic activity and steroid levels after administration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. AB - Seventy-five pregnant women in the 38th to 41st weeks of gestation were given a single intravenous injection of 200 mg of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS). The changes in estriol, 17beta-estradiol and progesterone levels in the serum, the uterine cervix and the myometrium of the placenta-implanting site were then determined. Estriol levels remained unchanged both in serum and tissue, but the level of 17beta-estradiol increased sharply both in serum and tissue after four hours. The increases of 17beta-estradiol in the serum and the portio vaginalis of the same patient were well correlated (r = 0.79898), but the percentage of increase was much higher in the portio vaginalis than in the serum (p less than 0.001). Serum progesterone levels did not change initially, but always decreased within four or eight hours in cases in which labor had started or delivery was accomplished within 24 hours (p less than 0.01 at four hours). The total amount of collagenase was determined in ten subjects before and after the administration of DHAS. The total collagenase activity was elevated by an average of 152.3%. The peak of activity was accelerated from the fourth to the second day (p less than 0.001) of the culture. A probable mechanism of DHAS action in accelerating cervical ripening is presented. PMID- 33089 TI - Midtrimester abortion with prostaglandin and hypertonic saline--a comparative study. AB - This study was conducted in Baroda, India, to evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of intraamniotic prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and 20% saline augmented with intravenous oxytocin for terminating 200 pregnancies of 14 to 20 weeks' gestation. While there was no method failure among the group treated with saline, ten method failures were reported for patients treated with the PGF2alpha. The rate of incomplete abortions was significantly lower for the group treated with saline (19.4%) than it was for the group treated with the PGF2alpha (33.7%). The administration of oxytocin after fetal expulsion did not reduce the rate of incomplete abortion. The mean instillation-to-abortion time was significantly lower with saline than with PGF2alpha. The incidence of gastrointestinal side effects and excessive bleeding (less than 200 ml) during the procedure was significantly higher for patients treated with PGF2alpha than for those treated with saline. PMID- 33090 TI - Ovarian and peripheral venous blood prostaglandin F2alpha levels in pregnant and nonpregnant women. AB - Prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) was measured by radioimmunoassay in human blood plasma collected from both ovarian veins and from a peripheral vein in eight pregnant and seven nonpregnant women. In the pregnant women, significantly higher levels of PGF2alpha were found in venous blood plasma taken from the ovary which contained the corpus luteum than were found in either the ovarian vein blood plasma from the opposite ovary or in the blood plasma from a peripheral vein. Thus, PGF2alpha levels in the venous blood plasma from the ovary without a corpus luteum were not significantly different from those found in the peripheral venous blood plasma. In seven nonpregnant women, significantly higher levels of PGF2alpha were found in the venous blood plasma taken from the ovary which contained a corpus luteum than were found in the blood plasma taken from a peripheral vein. The former levels did not differ significantly from those found in the venous blood plasma taken from the ovary without a corpus luteum in these nonpregnant women. Thus, in nonpregnant women a significant difference was found between PGF2alpha levels in the venous blood plasma from the ovary without a corpus luteum and those in peripheral venous blood plasma. PMID- 33091 TI - Ectopic pregnancy coexisting with a primary carcinoma of the Fallopian tube: a case report. PMID- 33093 TI - Proceedings of a Conference on Diabetes and Exercise sponsored by the Kroc Foundation, Santa Ynez Valley, California, March 13--17, 1978. PMID- 33092 TI - Studies on rat sympathetic neurons developing in cell culture. II. Synaptic mechanisms. PMID- 33095 TI - What's new in Quebec. PMID- 33094 TI - Oesophageal function in cirrhotic patients undergoing injection sclerotherapy for oesophageal varices. AB - Oesophageal function has been studied in three groups of cirrhotic patients: those without varices, those with varices and those with varices treated by injection sclerotherapy. Using the Honeywell Model 31 oesophageal motility probe and the Ingold combined stomach pH electrode, measurements were made of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and length, swallowing responses, reflux and clearance of acid. The presence of varices was associated with an increase in LES length and reduced lower oesophageal contraction pressure during swallowing and some failure of sphincter relaxation during swallowing. Sclerotherapy was associated with a reduction in the maximum LES pressure both at rest and during swallowing, and an impairment of acid clearance, but postural reflux of acid was not observed in any patient. PMID- 33096 TI - Planning diagnostic imaging services. PMID- 33097 TI - Oxygen availability from the blood and the effect of phosphate replacement on erythrocyte 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and haemoglobin-oxygen affinity in diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - Eleven patients with diabetic ketoacidosis were given intravenous phosphate in doses (mean 118 mmol; range 83--320 mmol) adequate to maintain normal plasma phosphate, in addition to a standard treatment regime. Prevention of hypophosphataemia stimulated recovery of the initially low red-cell 2,3 diphosphoglycerate concentrations (10.6 +/- 5.8 (SD) mumol/g Hb) after twenty four hours. In ten control patients (initial concentration 8.1 +/- 4.4 mumol/g Hb) treated without phosphate replacement, significantly lower red-cell 2,3 diphosphoglycerate concentrations were found between 2 and 6 days after admission (forty-eight hour value for control patients 14.6 +/- 1.6 and for phosphate treated patients 18.9 +/- 4.1 mumol/g Hb; p less than 0.01). However, no effect on in vivo p 50 or on the availability of oxygen from the blood resulted from the higher 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels. Maintenance of normal plasma phosphate levels by intravenous phosphate is, therefore, not indicated to improve tissue oxygenation in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 33098 TI - [Clinical use of prifinium bromide in the treatment of pain caused by hypertonia of smooth muscle]. PMID- 33099 TI - [Symposium. Use and abuse of tranquilizers, to tranquilize whom? I. The physician in need of tranquility. The patient anxiety as a therapeutic problem]. PMID- 33100 TI - beta-Adrenoceptor blocking drugs and hypertension. PMID- 33101 TI - Associations of [3H]dihydroalprenolol with biological membranes. PMID- 33102 TI - [Function of the androgen gland in crossed implantations between two species of isopod terrestrial Crustacea, Porcellio dilatatus Brandt and Armadillium vulgare Latreille: specificity of androgenic hormones and neurohormones implicated in the control of androgenic function]. PMID- 33103 TI - [Disinfection of the return water at stations for the washing of long-distance trains]. PMID- 33104 TI - On the relationship between gastric pH and pressure in the normal human lower oesophageal sphincter. AB - The effect upon the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) of acid in the proximal stomach was investigated in 12 young healthy subjects. The cardia was perfused in turn with solutions at pH 7, 4, 3, 2, and 1, during successive withdrawals of three perfused pressure-recording catheters, openings of which were at the same axial level. Although there was considerable individual variation, there was a direct and significant relationship between LOW pressure and the acidity of the solution perfused. The results suggest that resting LOS pressure and the acidity of the solution perfused. The results suggest that resting LOS pressure may be determined in part by the pH of the gastric content. PMID- 33105 TI - [Cytochemical studies of blood and bone marrow cells in alcoholics]. PMID- 33106 TI - [Swiss Society for Gynecology. Report of the Annual Meeting, 22-24 June 1978 in Biel]. PMID- 33107 TI - [Induction of labor with prostaglandins]. PMID- 33108 TI - [Beta-receptor blockaders in pre- and post-menopause]. PMID- 33109 TI - Microelectrophoretic study of Candida utilis. PMID- 33110 TI - [Symposium on Alclofenac]. PMID- 33111 TI - Resistance to adrenergic alpha-blocking agents by twitch-like contraction following field stimulation in rabbit vas deferens. PMID- 33112 TI - The effect of pH on colchicine conformation and structure. AB - The effect of various pH values between 0 and 14 on the structure and conformation of colchicine was examined using UV-vis spectrophotometry at a concentration of 1.7 x 10(-5) M and NMR techniques at a colchicine concentration of 0.1M. The complete interpretation of the colchicine NMR spectrum in D2O is given. A stable structure of the colchicine molecule in aqueous solutions at pH from 2 to 12 was demonstrated. However, during incubation at 40 degrees C colchicine was found to be stable only at pH values between 2 and 10. The significance of these data for reactions of cholchicine in regard to metabolism and interaction with macromolecules is discussed. PMID- 33113 TI - Report of AHA annual meeting: VE in face of inflation remains number 1 hospital issue. PMID- 33114 TI - Beta-lipotropin and endorphins: implications of current knowledge. AB - Evidence that the endorphins, metabolites of the pituitary hormone beta lipotropin, profoundly affect mood and behavior, are secreted with ACTH in response to stress, and may act as neurotransmitters in the GI tract, suggests that they play an important role in CNS homeostasis. The fact that these peptides are synthesized in the GI tract as well as the brain casts new light on CNS endocrine-environmental interrelationships. PMID- 33115 TI - So, you are going to be a delegate to the NSNA convention! PMID- 33116 TI - Role of malic enzyme in mycobacteria: Part I--Malic enzyme & its relationship to growth rate & intracellular level of NADPH. PMID- 33117 TI - Role of malic enzyme in mycobacteria: Part II--Purification & properties of malic enzyme from Mycobacterium smegmatis. PMID- 33118 TI - The capacity of microsomally-activated cyclophosphamide to induce immunosuppression in vitro. AB - Cyclophosphamide (CY) was activated in vitro with washed rat liver microsomes and cofactors. Pretreatment of mouse spleen cells in vitro with the activated drug abolished their capacity to give a primary antibody response to SRBC and levan on transfer to irradiated syngeneic recipients. However, responsiveness returned if challenge was delayed for 7 or more days after transfer. Part of this was shown to be of donor origin by an allotype marker. The treatment of normal spleen cells with activated CY in vitro also prevented B cells from regenerating their immunoglobulin receptors after capping with anti-immunoglobulin serum. The induction of suppression required contact between lymphocytes and activated CY for at least 30 min at 37 degrees and did not appear following incubation for 1 h at 0 degrees. Since the antibody response of drug-treated spleen cells to SRBC could not be restored with purified normal B or T cells, it is probable that B and T lymphocytes are both susceptible to suppression by activated CY in vitro. Similar pretreatment abrogated the graft-versus-host (GVH) reactivity of spleen cells as measured by survival and in a popliteal lymph node assay. B cell chimerism in F1 recipients of drug-treated parental spleen cells was demonstrated by the presence of congenic allotype markers. This suggests a possible approach for the attenuation of GVH disease which is associated with bone marrow transplantation in man. PMID- 33119 TI - Effect of leukocyte hydrolases on bacteria. IX. The release of lipoteichoic acid from group A streptococci and from Strep. mutans by leukocyte extracts and by lysozyme: relation to tissue damage in inflammatory sites. AB - Human leukocyte extracts, egg white lysozyme, cationic proteins, polymyxin, colimycin, and phenol are capable of releasing lipoteichoic acids (LTA) from group A streptococci and Strep. mutans. While the extraction of LTA by phenol is optimal at pH 4.7, the release of LTA from streptococci by the other agents is optimal at pH 7.4. LTA released by all agents was found to have the same sensitizing abilities, as determined by passive hemagglutination, and to have a similar chemical composition, as shown by thin-layer chromatography and radioactive scanning. The LTA-releasing capacity of all the agents is strongly inhibited by normal human serum. The possible role played by LTA released by leukocyte factors in the pathogenesis of tissue damage during bacterial infections is discussed. PMID- 33120 TI - Effect of leukocyte hydrolases on bacteria. X. The role played by leukocyte factors, cationic polyelectrolytes, and by membrane-damaging agents in the lysis of Staphylococcus aureus: relation to chronic inflammatory processes. AB - A heat-stable factor present in extracts of human blood leukocytes is capable of lysing young Staphylococcus aureus at pH 5.0. Lysis is characterized by breakdown of cell-wall components as judged by electron microscopic and biochemical analysis. The leukocyte extracts can be replaced by a variety of agents known to injure cell membranes, e.g., leukocyte cationic protein histone, polymyxin B, colimycin, phospholipase A, and lysolecithin. The mechanisms by which all these agents bring about the degradation of the staphylococcal walls was studied. By using 14C-labeled cell walls devoid of cytoplasmic structures, it was demonstrated that none of the above-mentioned agents had a direct lytic effect on purified cell walls. On the other hand, when any of these agents first interacted with intact staphylococci, a factor (presumably an autolysin) was generated that directly lysed the cell walls. Lysis of cell walls in the presence of intact staphylococci used as a source of autolysin was strongly inhibited by a variety of anionic polyelectrolytes such as heparine and liquoid. The possible role played by bacterial autolysins in the generation of microbial cell-wall components capable of triggering chronic inflammation is discussed. PMID- 33121 TI - Cerebrovascular effects of YC-93, a new vasodilator, in dogs, monkeys and human patients. AB - Cerebrovascular effects of YC-93, a new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative, was examined in experimental animals and in human patients using a variety of methods. YC-93 in doses ranging from 0.001 to 0.03 mg/kg i.v. increased regional cerebral cortical blood flow and cerebral venous outflow in anesthetized dogs, and internal carotid blood flow in anesthetized monkeys. The increase in cerebral blood flow was accompanied by an increase in oxygen delivery to the brain and an elevation of cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Both intracarotid injection and intraduodenal administration of YC-93 also resulted in cerebral vasodilation in monkeys. In patients with cerebrovascular diseases and other chronic diseases, measurements of cerebral blood flow by 133-xenon clearance method showed that an intracarotid injection of 1 microgram/kg of YC-93 increased cerebral blood flow by 28.8% without changing arterial blood pressure and arterial pCO2, and that an intravenous injection of 0.01 mg/kg of YC-93 increased cerebral blood flow by 17.0% with a minimal decrease in the arterial blood pressure but without changing arterial pCO2. Thus, YC-93 produced a potent cerebral vasodilation not only in experimental animals but also in human patients in the same dose, and seemed to act perhaps directly on the cerebral vascular beds. PMID- 33122 TI - The First International Symposium on Positron Emission Tomography. 2-3 June, 1978, Montreal Neurological Hospital and Institute. Montreal, Canada. Abstracts. PMID- 33123 TI - Potentiation of the mydriatic effect of norepinephrine in the rabbit after monoamine oxidase inhibition. AB - Dose-response curves of pupillary dilation after topical administration of norepinephrine or methoxamine have been determined in rabbits after chronic inhibition of ocular monoamine oxidase by treatment with pargyline or pheniprazine. Eyes treated with either monoamine oxidase inhibitor showed an enhanced responsiveness to the mydriatic effect of norepinephrine given either topically or intravenously. Increments in pupil size of the treated and control eyes in response to methoxamine applied topically, on the other hand, were the same. These results suggest that monoamine oxidase may play a role in the iris as one factor influencing the concentration of norepinephrine at the receptors. PMID- 33124 TI - Irish Society of Gastroenterology. Proceedings of the Autumn meeting held at the Meath Hospital on 24-25th November, 1978. PMID- 33125 TI - On the product of the reaction between cysteamine and 3-bromopyruvate. AB - Some properties of TZCA, the addition compounds of cysteamine and 3 bromopyruvate, have been investigated. From the behaviour of the UV absorption spectra in acidic and alkaline solutions in the presence or absence of oxygen, it was shown that the instability of TZCA was imputable to an oxidative degradation. It was further shown that TZCA undergoes in alkali spontaneous oxidative decarboxylation, and that the arising product may be hydrolyzed to cystamine and glyoxylic acid. Some chemical reactions and the paper chromatographic behaviour of TZCA are reported. It was shown that TZCA, despite its great instability, may be the reactions described, and thus differentiated from other adducts of bromopyruvate and different aminothiols. PMID- 33126 TI - Use of porcelain fused to metal as a restorative material. PMID- 33127 TI - Twenty-Third Annual Meeting of the Health Physics Society. Abstracts. PMID- 33128 TI - Study on malnutrition. III. Biochemical assessment of the dietary treatment and evolution of the illness. AB - During the course of a malnutrition study, the efficiency of two diets has been followed by clinical observations and biochemical tests. The diets were adapted to the physiological state of 25 patients (16 children, 6 young mothers, 1 adolescent and 2 men) undergoing treatment in a rural hospital at Yasa-Bonga, Zaire. One group of patients was examined after two weeks of treatment (6 children, 2 mothers), the other group after two months (8 children, 5 adults). In order to study the evolution of the illness, 9 children and 3 young mothers were examined regularly after the return to their villages every 6 months for 2-4 years. The patients responded positively to both diets. After two months of treatment they had clinically recovered, except for the most serious cases. After two weeks of treatment a deficiency in electrolytes, low levels of prealbumin and a net increase in transferrin were noted. After 2 months of treatment the children had regained their normal growth (hydroxyproline index), and most of the biochemical parameters had reached their normal value despite a few deficiencies in electrolytes, phosphorus and magnesium. However, the prealbumin level remained low, particularly amongst children suffering from relapses. In a few cases the activities of cholinesterase (CHE) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GT) remained low, which was taken as a sign of poor response to treatment. Generally, the adults responded more slowly to treatment than the children. Regular examinations carried out on certain patients on their return to the villages permitted 2 groups to be distinguished: the first one was composed of patients recuperating well due to good social conditions; the second group of patients suffered from relapses due to lack of hygiene and of rudimentary knowledge of nutrition, and above all severe social problems. The condition of the liver of all these patients was very important; it could be estimated by the determination of the serum levels of prealbumin and the activities of CHE, gamma-GT and isoenzymes of gamma-GT. PMID- 33129 TI - Electroncytochemical and biochemical demonstration of guanylate cyclase activity in the pancreatic islet. AB - With a cytochemical method using guanylyl imidodiphosphate as a substrate, the guanylate cyclase activity was localized on the plasma membrane of A, B and D cells of islets of Langerhans isolated from the rat. Adequate control experiments were performed by a double-blind method. Parallel biochemical assay showed that guanylate cyclase activity was not completely lost after fixation with 1% glutaraldehyde and incubation with 4 mM lead nitrate. Furthermore, the depressed activity was still stimulatable with acetylcholine. PMID- 33130 TI - Black Lung Benefits Reform Act of 1977. PMID- 33131 TI - Duties and powers of the coroner's office. PMID- 33132 TI - Intussusception associated with intestinal intubation. PMID- 33134 TI - Renal failure in surgical patients. PMID- 33133 TI - An early cancer detection questionnaire for public education distribution. PMID- 33135 TI - Blunt trauma of the heart and great vessels. PMID- 33136 TI - Calf pain in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 33137 TI - Oral cavity evaluation. A part of prenatal care. PMID- 33138 TI - Thoracic outlet syndrome revisited. PMID- 33139 TI - Recent mortality decline in Illinois. PMID- 33140 TI - Medicine and the law: an historical perspective. PMID- 33141 TI - Robert King Stone, M.D., physician to Abraham Lincoln. PMID- 33142 TI - The susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to rosamicin, erythromycin and clindamycin and factors affecting the activity of rosamicin. PMID- 33143 TI - Fluorimetric assay of cefoxitin. PMID- 33144 TI - Further characterization of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate: nitrate oxidoreductase in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - The reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH):nitrate oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.6.2) from Aspergillus nidulans wild-type bi-1 was purified by means of salt fractionation, gel filtration, affinity chromatography, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Enzyme which was adsorbed on Cibacron blue agarose could be eluted with 2 mM NADPH or 2 mM oxidized NADP (NADP(+)), the former being about three times more effective than the latter. About half the total NADPH:nitrate reductase activity adsorbed on agarose required elution with 1 M NaCl. This salt-elutable form remained active with NADPH and was not converted to the NADPH-elutable form after readsorption on Cibacron blue agarose. The NADPH-eluted enzyme exhibited a markedly different electrophoretic mobility than the enzyme eluted with NADP(+) or NaCl. After electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels, the NADPH-eluted NADPH:nitrate reductase was separated into four proteins, two of which contained nonheme iron and exhibited reduced methyl viologen-nitrate reductase activity. None of these proteins, singly or in combination, reduced nitrate with NADPH as substrate. Difference spectra analyses and specific heme iron stains revealed the presence of cytochrome b(557) in the largest of the proteins. The molecular weights of the four proteins, which were determined from the relationship of their mobilities on varied concentrations of acrylamide gel, were 360,000, 300,000, 240,000, and 118,000. The subunit molecular weights of these, which are determined via sodium dodecyl sulfate slab gel electrophoresis, were 49,000, 50,000, and 75,000. The key role of NADPH in maintenance of the active form of the heteromultimer is further substantiated. PMID- 33145 TI - Metabolism of phenol and resorcinol in Trichosporon cutaneum. AB - Trichosporon cutaneum was grown with phenol or resorcinol as the carbon source. The formation of beta-ketoadipate from phenol, catechol, and resorcinol was shown by a manometric method using antipyrine and also by its isolation and crystallization. Metabolism of phenol begins with o-hydroxylation. This is followed by ortho-ring fission, lactonization to muconolactone, and delactonization to beta-ketoadipate. No meta-ring fission could be demonstrated. Metabolism of resorcinol begins with o-hydroxylation to 1,2,4-benzenetriol, which undergoes ortho-ring fission yielding maleylacetate. Isolating this product leads to its decarboxylation and isomerization to trans-acetylacrylic acid. Maleylacetate is reduced by crude extracts to beta-ketoadipate with either reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate as a cosubstrate. The enzyme catalyzing this reaction was separated from catechol 1,2-oxygenase, phenol hydroxylase, and muconate lactonizing enzyme on a diethyl-aminoethyl-Sephadex A50 column. As a result it was purified some 50-fold, as was the muconate-lactonizing enzyme. Methyl-, fluoro-, and chlorophenols are converted to a varying extent by crude extracts and by purified enzymes. None of these derivatives is converted to maleylacetate, beta-ketoadipate, or their derivatives. Cells grown on resorcinol contain enzymes that participate in the degradation of phenol and vice versa. PMID- 33146 TI - Effects of aeration on formation and localization of the acetyl coenzyme A synthetases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A method is shown to be effective over a wide range of enzyme ratios for the simultaneous detection of the two isoenzymes of acetyl coenzyme A synthetase [acetate:coenzyme A ligase (AMP-forming); EC 6.2.1.1] in homogenates and cellular fractions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When this method was used, it was found that cells grown under anaerobic conditions contained only one variety of this enzyme, designated the nonaerobic synthetase, whereas cells grown with vigorous aeration contained principally the other, aerobic, synthetase. In cells grown as standing cultures (i.e., semi-aerobically), both enzymes were present and were found mainly in the extramitochondrial material of homogenates. When anaerobic cultures were aerated, the amount of aerobic enzyme increased steadily over a 24 h period, so that at the end of this time, aerated cells contained predominantly aerobic enzyme. During this same period, the amount of nonaerobic enzyme decreased. The percentage of aerobic enzyme that sedimented with the mitochondria increased steadily during this period of aeration, so that, at the end of 24 h of aeration, essentially all of the aerobic enzyme sedimented with the mitochondria. The nonaerobic enzyme was never found in this cellular compartment. PMID- 33148 TI - Transport of coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) in Methanobacterium ruminantium. AB - A system for transport of coenzyme M, 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (HS--CoM), in Methanobacterium ruminatium strain M1 required energy, showed saturation kinetics, and concentrated the coenzyme against a gradient. The process was sensitive to temperature and was maximally active at pH 7.1. Cells took up HS- CoM at a linear rate, with a Vmax of 312 pmol/min per mg (dry weight) and an apparent Km of 73 nM. An intracellular pool of up to 5 mM accumulated which was not exchangeable with the medium. Uptake required both hydrogen and carbon dioxide; it was inhibited by O2. Bromoethanesulfonic acid (BrCH2CH2SO3-), a potent inhibitor of methanogenesis in cell-free extracts, inhibited both uptake and methane production. Results of inhibitor studies with derivatives and analogs of the coenzyme showed that the specificity of the carrier is restricted to a limited range of thioether, thioester, and thiocarbonate derivatives. 2 (Methylthio)ethanesulfonic acid (CH3--S--CoM) showed an apparent Ki for HS--CoM uptake of 15 nM, being taken up itself with a Vmax of 320 pmol/min per mg (dry weight) and an apparent Km of 50 nM. An analysis of intracellular pools after HS- CoM uptake indicated that the predominant forms are a heterodisulfide of unknown composition and CH3--S--CoM. PMID- 33147 TI - Tumor inhibitory and non-tumor inhibitory L-asparaginases from Pseudomonas geniculata. AB - Two enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of l-asparagine have been isolated from extracts of Pseudomonas geniculata. After initial salt fractionation, the enzymes were separated by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex and purified to homogeneity by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The enzymes differ markedly in physicochemical properties. One enzyme, termed asparaginase A, has a molecular weight of approximately 96,000 whereas the other, termed asparaginase AG, has a molecular weight of approximately 135,000. Both enzymes are tetrameric. The asparaginase A shows activity only with l-asparagine as substrate, whereas the asparaginase AG hydrolyzes l-asparagine and l-glutamine at approximately equal rates and it is also active with d-asparagine and d-glutamine as substrates. The asparaginase A was found to be devoid of antitumor activity in mice, whereas the asparaginase AG was effective in increasing the mean survival times of both C3H mice carrying the asparagine-requiring Gardner 6C3HED tumor line and Swiss mice bearing the glutamine-requiring Ehrlich ascites tumor line. These differences in antitumor activity were related to differences in the K(m) values for l-asparagine for the two enzymes. The asparaginase A has a K(m) value of 1 x 10(-3) M for this substrate whereas the corresponding value for the AG enzyme is 1.5 x 10(-5) M. Thus the concentration of asparagine necessary for maximal activity of the asparaginase A is very high compared with that of the normal plasma level of asparagine, which is approximately 50 muM. PMID- 33149 TI - Mannosyl transfer by membranes of Aspergillus niger: mannosylation of endogenous acceptors and partial analysis of the products. AB - A smooth membrane fraction of Aspergillus niger catalyzed the transfer of mannose from GDP-mannose to endogenous lipid and protein acceptors. The mannolipid was acidic, as judged by diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography, and had a mobility similar to ficaprenyl phosphate on thin-layer chromatograms. Mannose transfer occurred optimally at pH 6.5 to 7.5 and required Mn(2+) for use of the protein as acceptor, but either Mn(2+) or Mg(2+) with the lipid as acceptor. Glycopeptides of the mannosylated protein ([(14)C]gly) and of an alpha glucosidase (alpha-glu) secreted by the organism were produced by Pronase digestion and separation of the products on Sephadex G-25. Because ovalbumin has a carbohydrate composition similar to that of alpha-glu and because the carbohydrate structure of ovalbumin is known, ovalbumin glycopeptides (Ov) were similarly obtained and used as standards in determining carbohydrate structures. Oligosaccharide chains of [(14)C]gly, alpha-glu, and Ov were obtained by treatment of the respective glycopeptides with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, reduction with NaBT(4), and concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography. The (3)H labeled oligosaccharides obtained were subjected to the following treatments: (i) digestion with alpha- and beta-mannosidases, (ii) Smith degradation, and (iii) acetolysis. Subsequently, changes in paper chromatographic mobilities were detected. Also, alpha-glu was permethylated, and the partially methylated alditol acetates were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The resultant proposed structure shows that the oligosaccharide chain of alpha-glu is almost identical to that of an Ov chain, while [(14)C]gly has a structure which is probably the same as that of alpha-glu. It is suggested that the transferase(s) involved in [(14)C]gly synthesis in vitro may be responsible for glycosylation of secreted enzymes. PMID- 33150 TI - Genetic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus RNA polymerase mutants. AB - Spontaneous mutants of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to rifampin, rifamycin SV, streptovaricin, or streptolydigin were isolated and shown to be resistant due to chromosomal rather than plasmid mutations. Based on data concerning spontaneous mutation rates, genetic cotransduction rates, and in vitro sensitivity studies, four major antibiotic cross-resistance patterns were found. The genetic markers responsible for these cross-resistance patterns were shown to be separable by transduction. Nonpurified RNA polymerase activity in lysates of mutants showed the same sensitivity to these antibiotics as shown by the mutants on solid media. A model is proposed explaining possible structure-function relationships involved in the binding of these antibiotics to the RNA polymerase molecule and the mutations resulting in resistance to these antibiotics. This model includes generally overlapping but different-sized binding sites on the RNA polymerase protein coded for by similarly arranged mutable sites on the DNA. PMID- 33151 TI - Regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis by hydrocarbon substrates in Mycobacterium convolutum. AB - When Mycobacterium convolutum R22 was grown on the n-alkanes C13 through C16, the predominant fatty acids were of the same chain length as the growth substrate. Cells grown on C13 through C16 n-alkanes incorporated between 15 and 85 pmol of acetate per microgram of lipid into the fatty acids, whereas acetate- or propane grown cells incorporated 280 and 255 pmol of acetate per microgram of lipid, respectively. In vivo experiments demonstrated that hexadecane, hexadecanoic acid, and hexadecanoylcoenzyme A (CoA) all inhibited de novo fatty acid synthesis. Hexadecanoyl-CoA was the most potent inhibitor. Hexadecane and hexadecanoic acid inhibited acetyl-CoA carboxylase by up to 37 and 39%, respectively, at 1 mM. Hexadecanoyl-CoA inhibited the enzyme activity by 65% at 50 micrometer. Cells that were grown on C14 through C16 n-alkanes had about 25 times less acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity than did cells grown on acetate or propane, suggesting repressed levels of the enzyme. Hexadecane- or pentadecane grown cells were found to have 5 to 10 times more intracellular free fatty acid than cells grown on acetate, propane, or ethane. PMID- 33152 TI - Isolation, characterization, and crystallization of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from autotrophically grown Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - Serial culture of Rhodospirillum rubrum with 2% CO2 in H2 as the exclusive carbon source resulted in a rather large fraction of the soluble protein (greater than 40%) being comprised of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (about sixfold higher than the highest value previously reported). Isolation of the enzyme from these cells revealed that it has physical and kinetic properties similar to those previously described for the enzyme derived from cells grown on butyrate. Notably, the small subunit (which is a constituent of the carboxylase from eucaryotes and most procaryotes) was absent in the enzyme from autotrophically grown R. rubrum. Edman degradation of the purified enzyme revealed that the NH2 terminus is free (in contrast to the catalytic subunit of the carboxylase from eucaryotes) and that the NH2-terminal sequence is Met-Asp-Gln-Ser-Ser-Arg-Tyr-Val Asn-Leu-Ala-Leu-Lys-Glu-Glu-Asp-Leu-Ile-Ala-Gly-Gly-Glx-His-Val-Leu-. Crystals of the enzyme were readily obtained by dialysis against distilled water. PMID- 33153 TI - Purification and properties of an inducible beta-galactosidase isolated from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. AB - beta-Galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.32) was purified 80-fold from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis induced for this enzyme by growth on lactose. When the purified enzyme was subjected to electrophoresis on an acrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, one protein with an apparent molecular weight of 135,000 was observed. The enzyme has a sedimentation coefficient of 9.6S. This beta-galactosidase and the one from Escherichia coli are not antigenically related. Maximal enzyme activity requires Na+ and Mn2+ and a reducing agent. beta Galactosidase has Km values of 12 to 17 and 1.6 mM for lactose and o-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside, respectively. The hydrolase and transgalactosylase activities of the enzyme are similar to those of E. coli beta-galactosidase. PMID- 33154 TI - Bacteriophage-associated gene transfer in pneumococcus: transduction or pseudotransduction? AB - Lysates of pneumococcal phage PG24 transferred genes from one host to another in a process with many of the properties of generalized transduction, in that the host genes were packaged in DNase-resistant particles that closely resembled infectious phage in physical properties, adsorbed to the recipient cells like phage, and were inhibited by antisera to the phage and by trypsin. However, phage processes did not complete the transfer of host DNA as they did phage DNA. Instead, gene transfer required development of competence and entry of the host DNA by the endonuclease-dependent pathway used for transforming and transfecting DNA. This process often occurred on the assay plate hours after adsorption of the particles to the cells, and the transfer was DNase sensitive if challenged at this time. Phenotypic expression was therefore also delayed. The product of entry was like that in transformation, a single strand of DNA that integrates by formation of a hex-sensitive donor-recipient heteroduplex. Whether this gene transfer process is unique to this system or is only the first one described is not clear. The term "pseudotransduction" may be useful in calling attention to its unexpected features. The DNA of PG24 phage has anomalous physical properties reflecting unusual bases. PMID- 33155 TI - Purification and characterization of an extracellular beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase from Paecilomyces persicinus. AB - Both beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase nad beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activities were detected in the culture fluids of Paecilomyces persicinus P-10 after growth in a soybean meal-corn meal medium. The active material was purified by means of protamine sulfate fractionation and ultrafiltration, followed by ion exchange and gel chromatography. The ratio of the two activities remained constant throughout the purification, and the final product was shown to migrate as a single band by using gel isoelectric focusing, disc electrophoresis, and detergent gel electrophoresis. Temperature, pH, inhibition, and kinetic studies were performed to characterize both activities. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 100,000 by high-resolution gel chromatography. Based on the data obtained, it is suggested that both beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-N acetylgalactosaminidase activities reside in the same protein. PMID- 33156 TI - Long term treatment of tardive dyskinesia. AB - A 4 year trial to treat tardive dyskinesia by a very slow progressive stepwise diminution of the neuroleptic dose and of antiparkinsonian agents as well as by administration of small, slowly increasing and then decreasing doses of reserpine or haloperidol was conducted on 62 chronic schizophrenic patients. This treatment program caused disappearance of tardive dyskinesia in 23, improvement in 26 patients and had no effect in 13 patients. The group of patients with disappearance of tardive dyskinesia had a mean age significantly lower than other groups. The rationale of this treatment was based on the concept of "desensitization" by a slow, progressive unblocking of dopaminergic receptor sites. Another tardive neuroleptic side effect, the "rabbit syndrome" was successfully treated in 7 other patients by antiparkinsonian drugs. PMID- 33157 TI - Antipsychotic drugs and seizures. AB - The authors examine the clinical problem of which antipsychotic drug to use when antipsychotics are indicated in patients with a seizuire disorder or who are susceptible to seizures. While definitive answers to this problem are still unknown, guidelines are offered for antipsychotic drug use in this situation, based on the author's understanding of psychotropics and epilepsy. PMID- 33158 TI - The pH-dependent reactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa nitrite reductase with nitric oxide and nitrite. PMID- 33159 TI - Transport of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in an unc mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - The presence and some properties of an NAD+ transport system were examined in PA5, a Mg, Ca-ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3]-defective mutant strain of Escherichia coli W2252. NAD+ uptake was stimulated by exogenous energy sources and dependent on external substrate concentrations with an apparent Km of about 25 micrometer. Most of the radioactivity from [14C]-NAD+ accumulated in the cells was identified as NAD+. [14C]NAD+ uptake was competively inhibited by unlabeled NAD+, NADP+, NMN+ or nicotinamide. Similar uptake activity was also observed in W2252. PMID- 33160 TI - Lifetime of the purple intermediate of D-amino acid oxidase under anaerobic conditions. AB - The lifetime of the purple intermediate formed from D-amino acid oxidase [D-amino acid: O2 oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.3.3] and a neutral D-amino acid under anaerobic conditions was measured with a series of neutral D-amino acids. The lifetime increases with increase in the number of carbons in the side chain of the amino acid up to 4-5 atoms and then decreases with further increase in the number of carbons. This suggests that the hydrophobicity of the alkyl group of the neutral D-amino acid determines the lifetime of the purple intermediate unless a steric effect occurs. PMID- 33161 TI - A fluorescence study of the effects of pH and Mg2+ on the conformation of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase from spinach chloroplasts. AB - 2-p-Toluidino-naphthalene-6-sulfonate is a sensitive fluorescent reporter group which can be used for the detection of the conformation of fructose 1,6 diphosphatase from spinach chloroplasts. When fructose 1,6-diphosphatase was added to a dilute solution of 2-p-toluidino-naphthalene-6-sulfonate at pH 9.0, the fluorescence intensity gradually increased. At this pH, the enzyme activity decreased at the same rate. However, at neutral pH (7.5), this time-dependent fluorescence change was not observed. In the presence of Mg2+, which is an activator of the enzyme, the fluorescence intensity was increased instantly and did not change for 30 min in the pH range 8.0--9.0. From the concentration dependence of the fluorescence intensity, the dissociation constant for Mg2+ was determined, Kdis = 3 mM. The effects of pH and Mg2+ on the conformation and activity of chloroplast fructose 1,6-diphosphatase are discussed. PMID- 33162 TI - Phospholipid-deacylating enzymes of rat small intestinal mucosa. AB - 1. Two phospholipase activities, provisionally designated as phospholipase activity I and phospholipase activity II, were found to be present in the mucosal homogenates of rat small intestine. These phospholipase activities were present in the membraneous particle fraction and were characterized in this study without further purification, using phosphatidylcholine as a substrate. Phospholipase activity I was assayed at pH 5.9 in the absence of deoxycholate, whereas phospholipase activity II was assayed at pH 9.4 in the presence of deoxycholate. Phospholipase activity I was more easily inactivated by heat treatment and trypsin digestion than phospholipase activity II. Both phospholipase activities were inhibited by diisopropyl-fluorophosphate but not by SH-binding reagents. 2. Phospholipase activity I had a pH optimum at 5.9. A sigmoid curve was obtained when the amount of the enzyme preparation was plotted against the phospholipase activity I. The unusually low activity found at low enzyme concentrations was enhanced by addition of the heat-inactivated enzyme preparation to a level where a linear relationship was found between the amount of enzyme and the activity. The effector present in the enzyme preparation was tentatively identified as fatty acid(s). The addition of oleic acid or linoleic acid to the incubation mixture enhanced the phospholipase activity I. At 1 mM levels of these fatty acids the highest activity was obtained when 1.5 mM phosphatidylcholine was used as a substrate. 3. The phospholipase activity II increased on addition of deoxycholate. In the presence of 5 mM deoxycholate, a pH optimum was found at 9.6. It was found that the maximal extent of hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine in the incubation mixture was dependent on the concentration of deoxycholate. This indicates that deoxycholate facilitates the action of phospholipase activity II, presumably by forming deoxycholate-phosphatidylcholine mixed micelles. Phospholipase activity II was found to deacylate specifically the 2-acyl moiety of phospholipids. PMID- 33163 TI - Kinetic study of soybean beta-amylase. The effect of pH. AB - 1) Beta-Amylase [EC 3.2.1.2] was prepared from defatted hawk eye soybean flour. The enzyme concentration dependence of the initial velocity for the hydrolytic reaction was investigated at pH 5.4 in the range of the enzyme concentration from 6.6 x 10(-10) M to 5.0 x 10(-6) M. It was found that the initial velocity was proportional to the enzyme concentration in this range. 2) The hydrolyses of maltodextrin (DPn = 74.4) and soluble starch catalyzed by soybean beta-amylase were investigated in the pH range from 3.0 to 9.1 at 25 degrees C, and the Michaelis constant, Km, and the maximum velocity, V, for each substrate were determined at each pH. The pH-rate profile showed a bell-shaped curve, and the pH "optimum" was at 5.85. From Dixon plots of V and V/Km, the pK values were found to be 3.5 and 8.2 for the free enzyme, and 3.5 and 8.5 for the enzyme-substrate complex. The pH-rate profile in the presence of 25% methanol (v/v) was also obtained at alkaline pH. The pKe values were the same as those in the absence of methanol. Based on these results, it was estimated that the ionizable acidic group was an amino group and the basic group was a carboxyl one. PMID- 33164 TI - Regulation of electron transfer in Chromatium vinosum chromatophores by intravesicular H+ concentration. PMID- 33165 TI - Chemical modification of epsilon-amino groups in glutamine synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus with ethyl acetimidate. AB - The activity of glutamine synthetase [EC 6.3.2.1] from Bacillus stearothermophilus decreased slightly on modification with ethyl acetimidate. Acetamidination of 25--26 of the 2 epsilon-amino groups/subunit of the enzyme affected the maximum velocity, but not the Michaelis constant. The thermostability of the enzyme was considerably increased on acetamidination. Acetamidination of the enzyme did not affect the circular dichroism, the tryptophan fluorescence or the quenching effects of KI and acrylamide on the tryptophan emission. The fluorescence spectrum of p-toluidinylnaphthalene sulfonate bound to the enzyme changed on acetamidination. PMID- 33166 TI - Glucagon regulation of protein phosphorylation. Identification of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase as a substrate. AB - A hormonally induced change in the covalent phosphorylation state of several enzymes is generally regarded as an important mechanism for hormonal modulation of enzyme activity. We have previously demonstrated that epinephrine stimulates the phosphorylation of a peptide of Mr = 220,000 in adipocytes. Incubation of 32P labeled cytosolic proteins from adipocytes and hepatocytes with antisera raised against homogeneous chicken and rat liver acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase results in the specific and complete precipitation of the same phosphopeptide. No other major phosphopeptide is specifically precipitated. In hepatocytes, glucagon stimulates the incorporation of 32P into this peptide associated with an inhibition of enzyme activity. These data, coupled with previous studies in adipocytes, suggest that cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphorylation plays a major role in the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity and of fatty acid biosynthesis in adipose tissue and liver. PMID- 33167 TI - Affinity labeling of alanine aminotransferase by 3-chloro-L-alanine. PMID- 33168 TI - Catalytic role of the metal ion of carboxypeptidase A in ester hydrolysis. AB - The mechanism of action of bovine pancreatic carboxypeptidase. Aalpha (peptidyl-L amino acid hydrolase; EC 3.4.12.2) has been investigated by application of cryoenzymologic methods. Kinetic studies of the hydrolysis of the specific ester substrate O-(trans-p-chlorocinnamoyl)-L-beta-phenyllactate have been carried out with both the native and the Co2+-substituted enzyme in the 25 to --45 degrees C temperature range. In the --25 to --45 degrees C temperature range with enzyme in excess, a biphasic reaction is observed for substrate hydrolysis characterized by rate constants for the fast (kf) and the slow (ks) processes. In Arrhenius plots, ks extrapolates to kcat at 25 degrees C for both enzymes in aqueous solution, indicating that the same catalytic rate-limiting step is observed. The slow process is analyzed for both metal enzymes, as previously reported (Makinen, M. W., Yamamura, K., and Kaiser, E. T. (1976) Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 73, 3882-3886), to involve the deacylation of a mixed anhydride acyl-enzyme intermediate. Near --60 degrees C the acyl-enzyme intermediate of both metal enzymes can be stabilized for spectral characterization. The pH and temperature dependence of ks reveals a catalytic ionizing group with a metal ion-dependent shift in pKa and an enthalpy of ionization of 7.2 kcal/mol for the native enzyme and 6.2 kcal/mol for the Co2+ enzyme. These parameters identify the ionizing catalytic group as the metal-bound water molecule. Extrapolation of the pKa data to 25 degrees C indicates that this ionization coincides with that observed in the acidic limb of the pH profile of log(kcat/Km(app)) for substrate hydrolysis under steady state conditions. The results indicate that in the esterolytic reaction of carboxypeptidase. A deacylation of the mixed anhydride intermediate is catalyzed by a metal-bound hydroxide group. PMID- 33169 TI - Mixed function oxidases in sterol metabolism. Separate routes for electron transfer from NADH and NADPH. AB - Oxidative deformylation of 4-hydroxy[14C]methylene-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3-one and oxidative demethylation of [30,31-14C]4,4-dimethyl-5alpha-cholest-7-en-3beta-ol by rat liver microsomes have been compared with regard to the manner in which electrons are introduced from both NADH and NADPH. Evidence suggests that NADH and NADPH support oxidation of both substrates via separate routes of electron transfer. Thus, 10 micron cytochrome c will inhibit NADPH-supported oxidation to 40 to 50% of control activity leaving NADH-supported oxidation unaffected. Also, treatment of microsomes with subtilisin diminishes NADPH-supported oxidation to 10 to 30% of control activity for either substrate to 70 to 90% of control activity while NADH-supported oxidative activity is virtually unaffected. Studies on the oxidase activities and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase as well as NADH ferricyanide reductase have shown marked differences in activity in the presence of inhibitors. Thus, 9 mM 2'-AMP inhibits NADPH-cytochrome c reductase to 10 to 20% of control activity while NADPH-supported oxidative demethyl ation and deformylation are essentially unchanged. Mersalyl at 15 to 25 nmol/mg of microsomal protein inhibits both reductases to 20 to 40% of control activity; oxidative demethylation is unaffected and oxidative deformylation stimulated slightly when NADPH is used. Finally, antibody to NADPH-cytochrome c reductase inhibits oxidase activity for either substrate to 70 to 90% of control activity while reductase activity is inhibited to 10 to 30% of control activity. PMID- 33170 TI - In vitro phosphorylation of bovine adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase by adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. AB - We have studied the effects of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase on the phosphorylative and functional modification of bovine adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase. Incubation of partially purified tyrosine hydroxylase with cAMP-dependent protein kinase in the presence of [gamma32P]ATP and 5 micron cAMP led to a 3- to 5-fold activation of tyrosine hydroxylase and to incorporation of [32P]phosphate into protein. When tyrosine hydroxylase preparations activated by exposure to enzymatic phosphorylating conditions were analyzed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and gel electrofocusing, the radioactivity of 32P was coincident with the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase, suggesting incorporation of 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP into tyrosine hydroxylase. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the phosphorylated tyrosine hydroxylase preparation in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed that the 60,000-dalton polypeptide subunit of tyrosine hydroxylase served as the phosphate acceptor. PMID- 33171 TI - Induction of lysyl oxidase with copper. Properties of an in vitro system. PMID- 33172 TI - Stereochemical aspects of amine substrate attachment to acyl intermediates of transglutaminases. Human blood plasma enzyme (activated coagulation factor XIII) and guinea pig liver enzyme. PMID- 33173 TI - Functional properties of the glycosylated minor components of human adult hemoglobin. PMID- 33174 TI - Ca2+-induced bioluminescence in Renilla reniformis. Purification and characterization of a calcium-triggered luciferin-binding protein. AB - A Ca2+-triggered luciferin-binding protein (BP-LH2) from the bioluminescent marine coelenterate, Renilla reniformis, has been purified by conventional methods. One kilogram of processed animals yields approximately 2.7 mg of pure protein with an overall yield of 55%. Physicochemical studies show that BP-LH2 is a globular protein containing one single polypeptide chain with one disulfide bond. Ultracentrifugation studies, amino acid analysis, and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis show that BP-LH2 has an average molecular weight of 18,500. BP-LH2 has a Stokes radius of 23 A, a sedimentation coefficient, S020,w, of 2.3 S, and an isoelectric point of 4.3. The acidic nature of the protein was confirmed by amino acid analysis, which showed that 27% of the residues are acidic. The protein contains no carbohydrate, phosphate, or tryptophan. There is one noncovalently bound molecule of coelenterate type luciferin resulting in distinct protein spectral properties with absorption maxima at 276 nm (epsilon 0.1% 276 = 1.31) and 446 nm (episoln 0.1% 446 = 0.47) and a fluorescence emission at 520 nm (uncorrected). In the presence of Ca2+, BP-LH2 will react with Renilla luciferase to give the characteristic in vitro blue bioluminescence. Ca2+ binding produces a distinct change in the spectral properties of BP-LH2 including a 4 fold enhancement of tyrosine fluorescence at 332 nm and a 5-fold fluorescence enhancement at 520 nm. In addition, the visible absorption maximum shifts from 446 nm to 420 nm. The fluorescence enhancement at 320 nm occurs over the range from 1 to 10 micrometer Ca2+. BP-LH2 has two Ca2+-binding sites with an estimated Kd of 0.02 micrometer, in 10 muM Tris at pH 7.2. BP-LH2 was compared to several well studied Ca2+-binding proteins and was found to possess similar Ca2+-binding and physicochemical properties. This study clearly demonstrates that BP-LH2 is capable of triggering a bioluminescent flash in response to an intracellular Ca2+ transient. PMID- 33175 TI - An energy transfer protein in coelenterate bioluminescence. Characterization of the Renilla green-fluorescent protein. PMID- 33176 TI - Identification of the prosthetic group of urocanase. The mode of its reaction with sodium borohydride and of its photochemical reactivation. AB - Urocanase from Pseudomonas putida and from beef liver were isolated by modifying described procedures. Both enzymes were inactivated and labeled on treatment with tritiated sodium borohydride and gave, upon subsequent hydrolysis, a radioactive acid. The previously reported identity of this acid as 2-hydroxybutanoic acid was disproved by several criteria. Other hydroxy acids were also proved to be different from the radioactive acid derived from urocanase. A large portion of the radioactive material from P. putida was found to be nicotinic acid by 1H NMR spectroscopy, gas-liquid chromatography of its methyl ester, and co crystallization with authentic reference compounds both as the acid and as the hydrazide. A significant portion of the radioactive material derived from beef liver urocanase also co-crystallized with nicotinic acid. Sodium borohydride treated inactive urocanase was partially reactivated by light. The action spectrum of the photoreactivation showed a maximum at 330 nm. Treatment of urocanase with sodium borodeuteride followed by hydrolysis afforded a sample of nicotinic acid which carried deuterium mainly in position 6. Both the reversible reducibility of urocanase and its action spectrum of photoreactivation suggest that urocanase contains an enzyme-bound nicotinamide nucleotide molecule which is essential for enzymic activity. PMID- 33177 TI - Evidence for multiple electronic forms of two-electron-reduced lipoamide dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. AB - Results are presented which demonstrate that the 2-electron-reduced lipoamide dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.4.3) from Escherichia coli is a mixture of species. In catalysis, this enzyme cycles between the oxidized and the 2-electron-reduced forms. Three spectrally distinct species are indicated in the pH range 5.8 to 8.0 from measurements of the fluorescence and visible spectra during dithionite titration. These have the following properties. 1) A fluorescent form where the FAD is oxidized and the active center disulfide is reduced. This species is unable to charge transfer and predominates at low pH. 2) A form in which there is a facile charge transfer between thiolate and FAD (epsilon530 - 3300 M-1 cm-1). This species, which predominates at high pH, is very similar to the 2-electron reduced pig heart enzyme at high pH. 3) A form where the flavin is reduced and the disulfide is oxidized. The spectra of these three species have been determined. Anaerobic reduction of the enzyme with stoichiometric dihydrolipoamide leads to the formation of the charge transfer species in less than 1 s. Subsequently, in a process requiring about 12 s, the charge transfer complex relaxes to a mixture of species observed in dithionite titrations. The pH dependence of the oxidation-reduction potential, the fluorescence, the charge transfer absorbance (530 nm), and the 455 nm absorbance indicates the presence of a base which is able to stabilize the thiolate anion generated upon reduction of the active center disulfide. The pH dependence of the oxidation-reduction potential indicates that the reduction of the enzyme by dihydrolipoamide involves 2 protons as well as 2 electrons. These potentials are somewhat more positive than those determined for the pig heart enzyme and thus explain the ready further reduction of the E. coli enzyme to the 4-electron-reduced enzyme. The pH independent formation constant (Kf) for the disproportionation of 2-electron reduced enzyme (2EH2 in equilibrium E + EH4) is about 55 as calculated from dithionite titrations. Therefore at equilibrium there is about 80% 2-electron reduced enzyme, 1-% oxidized enzyme, and 10% 4-electron-reduced enzyme. The spectrum of fully formed 2-electron-reduced enzyme has been calculated at several pH values from these data. The results confirm the previous conclusion that lipoamide dehydrogenase from E. coli is qualitatively similar to the pig heart enzyme, differing only in certain quantitative features such as the distribution between the various forms at the 2-electron-reduced level. PMID- 33178 TI - Interactions of guanidinium chloride and pyridine nucleotides with oxidized and two-electron-reduced lipoamide dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. PMID- 33179 TI - On the stable enzyme-substrate complex of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase. Evidences for the proton uptake from the substrate. PMID- 33180 TI - A comparison by 220-MHz NMR of histidine hydronium ion titrations in porcine pancreatic ribonuclease and an extensively deglycosylated derivative. AB - 220-MHz NMR was used to observe the titration behavior of the 5 histidine residues in porcine pancreatic ribonuclease (ribonucleate pyrimidine-nucleotido 2'-transferase (cyclizing), EC 3.1.4.22) and a derivative prepared by removal of 80% of the attached carbohydrate from this glycoprotein. Resonances due to histidine C-2 protons were observed over the full pH range for 3 of the residues; such resonances for the remaining 2 histidine residues broadened out as the pH was increased. Resonances due to histidine C-4 protons were also observed for 2 of the residues. The titration curves for both proteins were identical within experimental error. Resonances were assigned by comparison with histidine NMR titrations in ribonucleases from other species. Histidine 105, immediately adjacent to the site of attachment of a heterosaccharide side chain, has a C-2 proton chemical shift and pK that are insensitive to the large alteration in the bulk of the carbohydrate side chain. The chemical shifts of the C-2 proton of histidine 48 and of the C-4 proton of histidine 80, histidine residues that are close to one another and to another heterosaccharide side chain, show a similar insensitivity. The observations are direct evidence in support of the thesis that the heterosaccharides in porcine ribonuclease project away from the surface of the protein into the solution environment. PMID- 33181 TI - Synthesis and use of a new spin-labeled analogue of ADP with platelet-aggregating activity. AB - A new spin-labeled derivative of ADP, 2-(4-acetamido-2,2,6,6 tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl)thioadenosine-5'-diphosphate, has been synthesized. The compound causes both the reversible and irreversible phases of aggregation of human blood platelets at concentrations similar to those required for similar phases of aggregation by ADP itself. The spin-labeled ADP also rivals ADP as a substrate for pyruvate kinase. The interaction of intact human blood platelets and of isolated platelet membranes with the platelet-aggregating spin-labeled derivatives of ADP has been studied. The dramatic decrease in the ESR signal of the spin label is primarily due to chemical reduction of the nitroxide, rather than immobilization of the label. When platelets and spin-labeled ADP are mixed, a rapid burst of nitroxide reduction occurs, followed by a much slower reduction similar in time course to that seen for other spin labels. The rapid burst of reduction, but not the slow reduction, is inhibited by adenosine, an inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, and by sulfhydryl-blocking agents. Experiments conducted with Ellman's reagent and platelet membranes or washed platelets revealed a 10 to 30% increase in the number of reactive membrane sulfhydryl groups when ADP was present. These results indicate that there is an increase in the number of reactive sulfhydryl groups on the platelet surface when platelets or membranes are stimulated by ADP. PMID- 33182 TI - Comparison of the association and orientation of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in lecithin vesicles and in native membranes. AB - gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase purified following solubilization with Triton X-100 can associate with single-layered [14C]lecithin vesicles. Enzyme activity and radiolabeled vesicles were shown to co-migrate during Sepharose 4B chromatography and isopycnic sucrose gradient centrifugation. The enzyme-vesicle complex exhibits a density corresponding to that of a single enzyme molecule bound to a single vesicle, gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase purified following a solubilization with papain does not bind to vesicles. In addition, papain treatment of vesicles containing the Triton-purified transpeptidase results in the release of 95% of the transpeptidase activity without release of internally trapped [3H]sucrose. The released transpeptidase is chromatographically identical to the papain purified transpeptidase. gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase activity associated with both native membranes and with lecithin vesicles exhibits a temperature-induced transition in its energy of activation. In contrast, the proteolytic- and detergent-solubilized forms of the enzyme exhibit a single energy of activation over the entire temperature range. These results suggest that gamma glutamyltranspeptidase binding to vesicles is due to a papain sensitive sequence of amino acids and that the enzyme.vesicle complex closely approximates the interaction and orientation of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase with brush border membranes. PMID- 33183 TI - Regulation of mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylation and gluconeogenesis in rat hepatocytes via an alpha-adrenergic, adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate-independent mechanism. AB - Experiments were performed to determine if catecholamines can regulate control points in the gluconeogenic pathway, such as mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylation and pyruvate kinase activity, via an alpha-adrenergic, adenosine 3':5' monophosphate-independent mechanism. Of a number of alpha agonists tested, only norepinephrine, epinephrine, and phenylephrine caused an increase in mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism. The effects of catecholamines on pyruvate carboxylation were not attenuated by 1-propranolol which abolishes changes in cyclic nucleotide levels but were blocked by alpha antagonists such as ergotamine, phenoxybenzamine, and phentolamine. Time course experiments demonstrated that the effects of catecholamines on the mitochondria and on carbohydrate metabolism correlated temporally with the concentration of epinephrine in the medium but not with the small changes in adenosine 3':5' monophosphate. The effects of catecholamines appeared to require extracellular Ca2+ ion. The observation that catecholamines do not increase gluconeogenesis to the same extent as glucagon was not due to a differential effect on mitochondrial CO2 fixation. Rather, catecholamines caused a smaller inhibition of pyruvate kinase activity than did glucagon. The effects of catecholamines on pyruvate kinase also appeared to be mediated by an alpha-adrenergic, adenosine 3':5' monophosphate-independent mechanism. PMID- 33184 TI - Separation and properties of NAD+- and NADP+-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases from Streptococcus mutans. PMID- 33185 TI - Internal pH and state of ATP in adrenergic chromaffin granules determined by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 33186 TI - Alkylation of methionine in human heart TPN-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase. PMID- 33187 TI - Inhibition of glutathione biosynthesis by prothionine sulfoximine (S-n-propyl homocysteine sulfoximine), a selective inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase. PMID- 33188 TI - Regulation of rat hepatic stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase. The roles of insulin and carbohydrate. AB - The rat hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturation decreased by 3.7-fold in streptozotocin induced diabetes. Insulin treatment of diabetic rats increased the enzyme activity by 7-fold. In marked contrast to glucose administration, fructose feeding in diabetic rats resulted in 20-fold stimulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturation, although both carbohydrates stimulated stearoyl-CoA desaturation in normal rats. Measurement of the microsomal electron transfer components showed no significant changes in the NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activity or in the concentration of cytochrome b5. However, the activity of the terminal desaturase changed in a parallel fashion as the amount of terminal desaturase reflect changes in the overall desaturation. Supplementation of various microsomes with the saturating amount of purified terminal desaturase resulted in the formation of similar amounts of catalytically active complex and increased the stearoyl-CoA desaturation to the same level suggesting that the changes in the amount of terminal desaturase reflect changes in the overall desaturation. The results support the suggestion that both insulin and the intermediates of carbohydrate metabolism are involved in the regulation of terminal desaturase. PMID- 33189 TI - Stimulation by epinephrine of in vivo phosphorylation and inactivation of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase of rat epididymal adipose tissue. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of inorganic 32P into rats results in the incorporation of 32P into acetyl-CoA carboxylase without inactivation of the enzyme. Administration of epinephrine stimulates 32P incorporation and results in enzyme inactivation. Incubation of epididymal fat tissues with inorganic 32P also results in incorporation of 32P into carboxylase. This 32P incorporation reaches a maximum level in 3 h and it has no effect on carboxylase activity. Administration of epinephrine at the time of maximum phosphorylation (3 h) results in further phosphorylation and inactivation of carboxylase. Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent which inhibits epinephrine action, blocks both the epinephrine-stimulated phosphorylation and the inactivation of the carboxylase. However, propranolol has no effect on that component of the phosphorylation which is unrelated to enzyme inactivation. These results establish that phosphorylation of carboxylase occurs in vivo at two different sites, only one of which results in enzyme inactivation. The phosphorylation site associated with enzyme inactivation is hormonally controlled. PMID- 33190 TI - Evidence for a high molecular weight factor(s) in serum which increases alkaline phosphatase specific activity in HeLa. AB - HeLa (substrain Ho) grown in serum free medium showed an increase in the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase when fetal calf serum (10%) was added to the medium (9.7 nmoles/sec/mg protein to 86.8). Under the same conditions, eight intracellular enzymes showed no increase in activity. Similar results were obtained using a different serum or medium, and with a second strain of HeLa (substrain ATC). For a given set of growth conditions, the effect of serum was dependent on its concentration and required one or more culture generations to develop. The type of isozyme expressed did not change. Neither zinc nor a total serum lipid extract would substitute for serum. The enzyme expressed by HeLaHo was not induced by prednisolone, while that in HeLaATC was. However, for cells grown in excess prednisolone without serum, the specific activity was 25% of that found for cells grown with prednisolone and serum. Cortexolone, an antagonist of prednisolone, was without effect for HeLaHo grown in A3 medium with or without serum. The serum factor had the following characteristics. It was not lost on dialysis, treatment with DNase and RNase, or removal of lipoproteins. It was reduced after heating by 65% and after treatment with Pronase by 82%. The data are interpreted to indicate the presence of a factor (s) in serum, probably a protein, which is involved in stimulating alkaline phosphatase specific activity. PMID- 33191 TI - Purification and properties of human erythrocyte inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase. AB - Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase from human erythrocytes was purified and characterized. The enzyme is highly specific for ITP and shows optimal activity in glycine buffer pH 9.6 and 50 mM MgCl2. The Km of the enzyme is 1.3 X 10(-4), the Vmax = 1.2 X 10(-9) and the Keq = 3.8 X 10(4). Human erythrocyte ITP pyrophosphohydrolase does not require SH compounds for activation. The enzyme is inhibited by Cd++, Co++, and Ca++ ions and by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. PMID- 33192 TI - Quantitative analysis of methylguanidine and guanidine in physiologic fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detection method. AB - A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the quantitative analysis of methylguanidine and guanidine in physiological fluids. These quanidino compounds are separated on a 6 x 0.23 cm cation-exchange column with 0.5 M sodium hydroxide solution. The guanidino compounds are detected with a fluorometer, which monitors the fluorescent guanidine derivatives produced by the reaction of the eluted constituents with 9,10-phenanthrenequinone. Sensitivity to sub-nanomole levels of methylguanidine and guanidine is demonstrated. The method was successfully applied to physiological fluids such as serum and cerebrospinal fluid from uremic patients. PMID- 33193 TI - Quantitative analysis of amineptine (S-1694) in biological samples by gas chromatography--mass fragmentography. AB - A sensitive, specific method for the quantitative analysis of amineptine in rat blood and brain is described. After extraction and purification amineptine is detected by mass fragmentography, monitoring the fragment ion at m/e 192. The method allows the quantitative analysis of as little as 50 ng of amineptine per ml blood and 200 ng per g for brain. PMID- 33194 TI - Analysis of cysteinyldopas, dopa, dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline in serum and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography and electrochemical detection. AB - The catecholic amino acids, dopa, 2-S- and 5-S-cysteinyldopa, and 2,5-S,S dicysteinyldopa were determined qualitatively in serum from patients with malignant melanoma by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, using electrochemical detection. In urine the catecholamines dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline were also determined qualitatively, as well as the above-mentioned compounds, in a single chromatographic run. The conditions were optimized by changing the pH of the mobile phase and by the addition of methanesulphonic acid. A comparison was made between the performance of four commercial reversed-phase packing materials containing chemically bonded octadecyl groups, using a standard mixture of catecholic amino acids. The influence of ionic strength, pH and amount of methanesulphonic acid on retention was investigated. PMID- 33195 TI - Sixth international symposium: biomedical applications of chromatography, Hluboka, Czechoslovakia, 21-24 May 1978. Proceedings. PMID- 33196 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of aminosalicylate, sulfapyridine and their metabolites. Its application for pharmacokinetic studies with salicylazosulfapyridine in man. PMID- 33197 TI - Gas-liquid chromatography of submicrogram amounts of drugs. V. Preparation of low activity packed columns and their application to the toxicological analysis of underivatized polar drugs in the low nanogram range. AB - When diatomaceous earth and glass columns are acylated prior to coating with a silicone liquid phase, then subjected to heat treatment in an atmosphere of nitrogen, gas chromatographic columns can be prepared that show a marked reduction in adsorption. These columns can be used with a nitrogen-specific detector to chromatograph unmodified polar compounds such as morphine and cyclobarbital in nanogram amounts. Virtually no alteration of peak shape and no variation of retention time are observed over the range 10(-6)-10(-9) g of polar drugs. This represents, for these polar drugs, an "improvement" in chromatographic capability of the order of about 1000-fold in comparison with the best conventional commercial columns. Application to toxicological analysis of morphine in urine is described. PMID- 33198 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of chlorodesmethyldiazepam and lorazepam in rats and mice. PMID- 33199 TI - Simultaneous determination of befunolol, a beta-blocking agent, and its metabolite in human plasma by gas chromatography with electron-caputre detection. PMID- 33200 TI - The metabolism of floctafenin in man and rodents. AB - Floctafenin (FFn), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl--N--(8--trifluoromethyl--4--quinolyl) anthranilate, a new nonnarcotic analgesic drug, was studied in man, mice, and the isolated perfused rat liver. In all species the drug is rapidly hydrolyzed to floctafenic acid (FFa). In seven volunteer subjects who each received a single oral dose of 400 mg floctafenin on an empty stomach, the blood concentration of FFa usually reached a maximum between 1 and 2 hours (mean 1.57 +/- 1.28 microgram/ml at 1.5 hours) and declined over the next 6 hours. Eight hours after drug administration the mean concentration of FFa in the blood of the volunteers was 0.1 +/- .05 microgram/ml. Approximately 25 per cent of the administered dose of floctafenin was recovered as FFa and hydroxy-FFa in the urine collected from each subject for 48 hours after drug administration. In mice each having received a single intraperitoneal dose of floctafenin (2 mg), the concentration of floctafenin declined by about 50 per cent in 15 minutes, and this decline was accompanied by a rise in the concentration of FFa that remained constant for 3 hours. The analgesic effect observed after administration of floctafenin to humans is likely to be mediated by its major metabolite, FFa. In these volunteers no free floctafenin was detected in the blood. PMID- 33201 TI - Relative systemic availability of sulfapyridine from commercial enteric-coated and uncoated sulfasalazine tablets. AB - The absorption of sulfapyridine after a single 2.0-Gm oral dose of sulfasalazine, the drug of choice in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, as commercial uncoated and enteric-coated and uncoated tablets was evaluated in four healthy male adults. The peak plasma concentration of sulfapyridine after the enteric coated tablets occurred at 20 hours on the average (compared to 14 hours for the uncoated tablets) and was only 50% of that attained from the uncoated tablets (P less than 0.05). The low relative extent of systemic availability of sulfapyridine from the enteric-coated tablets (65.5 +/- 6.3 per cent, mean +/- S.E.) compared to uncoated tablets may be due to absorption rate-dependent presystemic metabolism, since the relative extent of sulfapyridine absorption was 92.7 +/- 6.2 per cent compared to uncoated tablets. These findings suggest that enteric-coated and uncoated tablets of sulfasalazine are not bioequivalent. It remains to be determined whether the clinical efficacy of sulfasalazine from enteric-coated tablets is affected. PMID- 33202 TI - The effect of tablets composed of various mixtures of sugar alcohols and sugars upon plaque pH in children. AB - Changes in plaque pH were examined following ingestion of tablets composed of of sorbitol (S) or xylitol (X) combined with various levels of dextrose (D), fructose (F), or sucrose (U). Pure S and X tablets caused a slight pH rise. The 3:1 ratios of S:D,, S:F, X:D, and X:F caused slight lowerings to plaque pH means of 6.3, 6.8, 6.7, and 6.7, respectively, while 3:1 S:U caused the pH to drop to 5.6. All the 1:1, 1:3 and 0;1 ratios caused large drops in plaque pH. PMID- 33203 TI - Biological apatite crystal disolution. AB - The dissolution curves of human acid-treated enamel powder are characterized by a rapid initial step followed, after 10 or 15 minutes, by a second stage, with release of very small amounts of calcium. Increase in pH and addition of fluoride ions tend to diminish, for short intervals, the amount of dissolved apatites. For higher pH values the decrease is noted over a longer time. Study of the relative ionic variation of human enamel powder from young and adult patients subjected to acid requires infra-red vibration band analyses. Special attention was given to the absorptions at 610 cm-1 (phosphate groups), 880 cm-1 (CO32- in OH- sites and HPO42-), 1410 cm-1 (CO32- in phosphate sites) and 1550 cm-1 (CO32- in OH- position). All results were related to vibration band at 610 cm-1. A preferential loss of carbonates in the two possible sites was always observed for 10 or 15 minutes, followed by a high release of phosphate. The increase of pH or small amounts of fluoride displaced the preferential carbonate loss to longer times. In the presence of higher fluoride levels a disappearance of the preferential loss of carbonates was noted. A continuous increase of HPO42- in the absence of fluoride occurred; however a straight line with a smaller shape was present, with fluoride addition. PMID- 33204 TI - [Mycotoxins (producers, chemistry, biosynthesis, determination, effect on the body). Symposium, September 28--30, 1977, Orenburg]. PMID- 33205 TI - Elemental content of apple, millet, and vegetables grown in pots of neutral soil amended with fly ash. PMID- 33206 TI - Anaphylactoid reaction: the ultimate allergic emergency. PMID- 33207 TI - The etiology of the neuropathic plantar ulcer: a review of the literature and a presentation of current concepts. PMID- 33208 TI - Organic problems in the aged: brain syndromes and alcoholism, discussion. PMID- 33215 TI - The effect of therapist presence on a desensitization program for test anxiety. AB - This study investigated the effect of varying degrees of therapist presence on outcome measures of a test anxiety program on systematic desensitization. Three treatments, which included face-to-face administration by a therapist, some therapist involvement, and fully automated administration were compared to a waiting list control group. It was found that all three treatments were effective when compared to the control group in terms of reduction of reported anxiety as measured by the STABS. It was noted that clients who used the automated program were more likely to terminate prematurely. It was concluded that, while all of the treatments may be effective in a laboratory setting, the presence of a counselor would seem to be important for the use of this type of program in a service agency. PMID- 33216 TI - Survival and growth of non-cholera vibrios in various foods. AB - A study was made of the growth of three strains of non-cholera vibrio in a range of foodstuffs and of the effect of temperatures and pH on their ability to grow. Growth was tested at 4 degrees, 10 degrees, 22 degrees, 30 degrees, 37 degrees and 43 degrees C in a range of foods likely to be incorporated into cold hors d'oeuvres, e.g. egg, cream, rice, cold meat, seafood, aspic and mayonnaise. Non cholera vibrios grew well in all these foods except mayonnaise, the rate of growth increasing with increased temperature of storage. At acid pH values the organisms died or grew very poorly but growth improved as the pH became more alkaline. None of the three strains showed any resistance to heat, an initial inoculum of greater than 10(7) organisms/g was reduced to less than 100 organisms/g in 2--3 min at 55 degrees C. PMID- 33217 TI - Cell-mediated suppression of the fifth component of complement in mice. AB - Suppression of levels of circulating C5 in (C5- C5+)F1 hybrids by administration of (C5- C5-) parental lymphoid cells in the neonatal period has been accomplished with the three strain combinations tested ((SWR X RIII)F1, (A/He x RIII)F1, and (SWR X DBA/1)F1). Suppression was shown to be specific for C5 and not accompanied by reductions of C1, C2, C6, or other major groups of blood proteins. This demonstrated that the C5 reduction was not due to activation of complement (C) with resultant hypercatabolism of C components. When there was a concurrent chronic GVH reaction induced by lymphoid cells administered to offspring of H-2 incompatible parents, there was usually a resultant hypergammaglobulinemia that was also unrelated to the presence or absence of C5 suppression. Effective suppression required preimmunization of either the cell donor, the mother of the F1 hybrids, or both. This suggests that either two cell types or a single cell plus a humoral factor are required for suppression in this system. PMID- 33218 TI - Structural studies of Fc receptors. I. Binding properties, solubilization, and partial characterization of fc receptors of macrophages. PMID- 33219 TI - In vivo activity of amoxicillin and ampicillin against gram-positive bacteria: results of prophylactic studies. AB - In prophylactic treatment of intraperitoneal infections with Streptococcus pneumoniae (types 1 and 2) and Streptococcus pyogenes in mice, amoxicillin had a definite advantage over ampicillin in terms of protective effect. When the infecting agent was given to mice so as to produce an infection in the brain or lung (for example, S. pneumoniae given intracranially or intranasally), amoxicillin was also more effective prophylactically than ampicillin. PMID- 33220 TI - [Detection of HBs Ag and anti-HBs mosquitoes collected indoors of HBs Ag positive patients' house (author's transl)]. PMID- 33221 TI - The productivity potential of physicians' assistants: an integrated approach to analysis. AB - Although many previous analytical studies indicate that physicians' assistants can substantially increase productivity and reduce costs, the utilization of physicians' assistants in ambulatory health care settings has grown at a disappointing rate. This apparent discrepancy may be explained in part through close examination of the models used in the analytical studies. This paper describes the limitations of previous studies and shows how analysis can be improved through the use of a combined optimization-simulation model. The model is applied to a hypothetical example to demonstrate how productivity and income benefits can be overstated, and to test the sensitivity of such benefits to a range of management policies for the ambulatory care practice regarding patient load, physical resources, appointment scheduling, and more flexible assignment of providers to patients. PMID- 33222 TI - Ischemic infarction of the pulp: sequential degenerative changes of the pulp after traumatic injury. PMID- 33223 TI - The role of H-2 and Ia antigens in graft-versus-host reactions (GVHR). Presence of host alloantigens on donor cells after GVHR and suppression of GVHR with an anti-Ia antiserum against hose Ia antigens. AB - By using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, the presence of host cell derived H-2K, H-2D, and Ia alloantigens on donor cells recovered from recipient spleens after a graft-versus-host response (GVHR) was demonstrated. Mapping studies indicated that only host K, D, and I-A region gene products could be identified on the donor cells. Host I-E/C- and I-J-subregion products were not absorbed by donor cells. Treatment of activated donor cells with anti-Ly sera plus C' revealed that donor cells carrying host Ia antigens have a Ly-1+,2-,3- phenotype, whereas donor cells carrying H-2K and H-2D host antigens have a Ly-1 ,2+,3+ phenotype. A GVHR that resulted from only an I-region incompatibility was suppressed by the injection of recipient mice with an anti-Ia antiserum directed against self Ia antigens. The degree of suppression was proportional to the amount of anti-Ia antiserum administered. PMID- 33224 TI - Immunological studies of T-cell receptors. II. Limited polymorphism of idiotypic determinants on T-cell receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex alloantigens. AB - These studies explore the extent of genetic polymorphism in the expression of anti-MHC receptors by T cells in different strains of rats. This question was approached with the use of the model of specifically induced GVH resistance in F1 rats which has been shown to reflect a specific T-cell mediated immune response against parental strain T cell anti-MHC receptors specific for host alloantigens. When A/B F1 rats derived from MHC incompatibile matings are immunized with lymphocytes from one parental strain (A they display a specific resistance to anti-B GVH reactivity caused by T cells from that parental strain, but not anti AGVH reactions from the other. In addition, they resist anti-B GHV reactivity by T cells from third-party donors (C, D, E,...), a finding taken to indicate that the idiotypes of anti-MHC receptors on T cells, recognized by other T cells, show little or no polymorphism. This conclusion suggests that anti-MHC receptors are shared in the species and may be encoded, at least partially, by germ-line genes. PMID- 33225 TI - Isolation of type-specific polysaccharide antigen from group B type Ib streptococci. AB - Group B streptococcus type Ib (strain H36B) was subjected to digestion with extracellular muralytic enzymes prepared from Streptomyces albus. Type Ib specific polysaccharide antigen was isolated from the lysate by alcohol precipitation and Sepharose 6B chromatography. The purified type Ib antigen has a Kd value of 0.31 on a Sepharose 4B column and contains four sugars, galactose, glucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, and sialic acid in a molar ratio of 2.05:0.86:1.00:0.90. Acid treatment (pH 2.0) of this polysaccharide results in partial degradation of the antigen (Kd = 0.41 on Sepharose 4B) with the loss of 93% of the sialic acid. The molar ratio of the remaining sugars in the polysaccharide remains identical to that in the native one. This suggests that the sialic acid is at the terminal position in the molecule. Both intact and acid treated antigen cross-react with some type Ia and type Ic antisera as a result of the common Iabc determinant, but not with type II and type III antisera. Absorption studies indicate that Ib-specific determinant and Iabc determinant are on the same molecule and that sialic acid is not the cross-reactive determinant. PMID- 33226 TI - Studies on the chemical nature of the substance inducing transformation of pneumococcal types. Inductions of transformation by a desoxyribonucleic acid fraction isolated from pneumococcus type III. PMID- 33227 TI - [Horseradish peroxidase: a study of the kinetics and the determination of optimal reaction conditions, using hydrogen peroxide and 2,2'-azinobis 3 ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) as substrates (author's transl)]. AB - The reaction of the two substrates hydrogen peroxide and ABTS with horseradish peroxidase was studied kinetically. Enzyme activity was determined as a function of substrate concentration and pH. Michaelis constants were determined for the two substrates at various pH values. It was found that the affinity of the enzyme for ABTS decreases with increasing pH, and that with higher ABTS concentrations the pH optima of the reaction are shifted towards neutrality. Maximal rate is reached at pH 4.2 with an ABTS concentration of 2 mmol/l. For hydrogen peroxide the data show that the dissociated O2H- is the proper substrate, its affinity for the enzyme being independent of pH. The two substrates show competitive binding to the peroxidase, and each therefore influences the binding constant of the other. A procedure is proposed which allows the determination of peroxidase down to a concentration of 10 ng/l or 2.5 x 10(-13) mol/l. PMID- 33228 TI - The use of a colour reagent for the detection and estimation of benzodiazepines and their benzophenone derivatives. PMID- 33229 TI - Age factors in patient-therapist relationship. AB - This paper reports on the effects of therapist and patient age as factors in the evaluation and treatment of adult psychiatric outpatients. Therapist ratings and patient self-ratings are contrasted in three age groups. Rating scales include symptomatology, motivation, insight, and prognosis. In addition, a chart review follow-up of 68 patients includes disposition and drop-out. The data suggest that older patients are perceived as sicker, but less treatable than younger patients or patients of the same age group as the therapist. Residents express a strong preference for treating younger patients, but more readily develop a treatment relationship with same age patients. Both older and younger patients were significantly less likely to remain in treatment. Age of therapist and patient as a significant, frequent unrecognized factor in psychotherapeutic intervention is discussed and modifications in psychiatric training programs are suggested. PMID- 33230 TI - Lack of complaints in schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia. AB - Eighteen of a population of 518 outpatients were found to fulfill diagnostic criteria for tardive dyskinesia. None of these patients complained to their therapists of their symptoms, and eight of them were not even aware of them. Five of the unaware patients were actively delusional or hallucinating. Since all eighteen were chronic schizophrenics on neuroleptics, these findings suggest that this group may not report their symptoms. The findings are important because early diagnosis of tardive dyskinesia allows more chance for intervention with satisfactory results. PMID- 33231 TI - Correlation of plasma and brain amino acid and putative neurotransmitter alterations during acute hepatic coma in the rat. PMID- 33232 TI - Developmental changes of enzymes associated with energy metabolism and the synthesis of some neurotransmitters in discrete areas of human neocortex. PMID- 33233 TI - Post mortem stability and storage in the cold of brain enzymes. PMID- 33235 TI - Palmityl-CoA and stearyl-CoA desaturase in mouse brain microsomes during development in normal and neurological mutants (Quaking and Jimpy). PMID- 33234 TI - Endogenous levels of neurotransmitter candidates in photoreceptor cells of the turtle retina. PMID- 33236 TI - The role of pH in the isolation of nerve ending particles which transport GABA and glutamic acid. PMID- 33237 TI - [Sessions of the 79th Meeting of the Japanese Society of Otolaryngology. Abstracts]. PMID- 33238 TI - Kinetics and equilibria of the reaction between physostigimine and bisulfite. PMID- 33239 TI - Comparative evaluation of six techniques for determining the Michaelis-Menten parameters relating phenytoin dose and steady-state serum concentrations. AB - Using randomly generated data within set error limits, the Michaelis-Menten parameters Dmax and Km relating steady-state serum phenytoin concentrations (Css) and dose (D) were determined by 5 graphical techniques and an iterative computer fit to the hyperbolic equation. The best mean estimates of Dmax and Km were provided by the latter. Assuming the experimental error to be in Css the results indicate that the most reliable graphical technique is that based on the equation Css = Dmax Css/D - Km. However, considering its obvious simplicity and relative reliability the direct linear plot is recommended for clinical use. PMID- 33240 TI - Possible differences in alpha-adrenoceptors in rat, guinea-pig and rabbit spleen. PMID- 33241 TI - Role of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic and adrenergic mechanism in antagonism of reserpine-induced hypothermia in mice. PMID- 33242 TI - Effect of lysolecithin on the systemic arterial blood pressure of anaesthetized rats. PMID- 33243 TI - Comparison of the effects of diflunisal and other salicylates on the intragastric electropotential. PMID- 33244 TI - Transport of cycloserine across the mucosae of rat colon and the human mouth. PMID- 33245 TI - Spectrofluorimetric method for aminoglycoside antibiotics. PMID- 33246 TI - Physiological pharmacokinetics of beta-lactam antibiotics: penicillin V distribution and elimination after intravenous administration in rats. PMID- 33247 TI - Effect of pH on salicylic acid permeation through ethyl cellulose-PEG 4000 films. PMID- 33248 TI - Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole in pharmaceutical preparations. PMID- 33249 TI - Potentiometric analysis with a silver electrode in stability control of quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant solutions during storage in plastic and glass containers. PMID- 33250 TI - The effect of mesh size on disintegration time measurements. PMID- 33251 TI - Influence of pimozide on the locomotor hyperactivity produced by caffeine. PMID- 33252 TI - Limitations of the Washburn equation in quantifying penetration rates. PMID- 33253 TI - Percutaneous absorption: interfacial transfer kinetics. AB - A new rotating diffusion cell is described in which a solute diffuses through a rotating filter. The transport of the solute to both sides of the filter is controlled by the rotation. The filter is filled with an organic phase. The rate of transfer of the solute through the filter is determined by the transport and by the kinetics of the interfacial transfer reactions. Since the transport is controlled the rate constant for the transfer reaction can be measured. Results for eleven different systems are reported and it is found that the rate constants are all smaller than 10(-4) ms-1. PMID- 33254 TI - The mechanical strength of film-coated tablets. AB - The mechanical strength of film-coated tablets has been assessed using the diametral compression test. The results show that the influence of the film is more complex than that suggested by Stern (1976). The film may increase the breaking load of the core itself by acting as a padding material during the test and also by filling in surface irregularities. The film may also have enough intrinsic strength and elasticity to hold the core together once it has broken. The maximum breaking load to completely fracture the coated tablet is related to film properties, but the relation is not a simple one. PMID- 33255 TI - Improved gas chromatographic method and micro-extraction technique for the measurement of nicotine in biological fluids. AB - A rapid and sensitive method for the measurement of nicotine in plasma, urine, saliva and breast milk is described. An internal standard (quinoline) is added to the samples and these are made alkaline and extracted with diethyl ether. The solvent is evaporated to small bulk and extracted with dilute acid which is then made alkaline. The nicotine is finally extracted into butyl acetate and an aliquot of this extract is injected onto a gas-chromatograph fitted with a nitrogen detector. Quantitation relies on comparison of peak areas and the calibration curve is linear over the concentration range 0.5 to 100 ng ml-1. Nicotine concentrations as low as 0.1 ng ml-1 can be measured. In addition, a micro-method is described which requires only 100 microliter of sample and yields an accurate result in 5 min. PMID- 33256 TI - A spectropolarimetric assay of (-)-adrenaline in compendial formulations. AB - A method is described for the determination of (-)-adrenaline in certain formulations containing adrenaline hydrogen tartrate at concentrations down to 0.18 mg ml-1 (1:10 000 adrenaline). The assay is based upon a spectropolarimetric measurement at 249 nm of sample solutions, suitably treated to remove interfering substances. The rotation of the sample solutions is corrected for the rotation of the tartaric acid species which is determined by a difference rotation measurement on equimolar sample solutions at pH 1.1 and pH 5.6. The concentration of (-)-adrenaline in the sample is calculated from the net rotation at 249 nm due to the (-)-adrenaline and the total concentration of adrenaline (+)-and (-) isomers) determined by a published spectrofluorimetric method. The assay is specific for (-)-adrenaline in the presence of (+)-adrenaline, (+)-tartaric acid, adrenaline sulphonic acid and low levels of adrenochrome. PMID- 33257 TI - The application of cryobiology to the microbiological assay of nystatin. AB - Improvements in the reproducibility of nystatin agar diffusion assays have been achieved by the use of liquid nitrogen stored inocula and deep frozen standard stock solutions. The overall percentage variability of the assay has been reduced from over 5% with daily prepared standards and inocula to around 1% with a frozen inocula and to 0.6% with a combination of frozen inocula and standards. The implications of these improvements in the standardization of nystatin assays, and microbiological assays generally are discussed. PMID- 33258 TI - Modification of cortical neuron responses to acetylcholine by viloxazine. AB - Viloxazine, an antidepressant with no peripheral antiacetylcholine activity, was capable of reducing responses of single cortical neurons to acetylcholine. Acetylcholine responses could also be potentiated by viloxazine. Both potentiation and reduction by viloxazine were often seen in the same study, reduction of responses invariably preceding potentiation. These results suggest that viloxazine may have selective effects on central cholinergic receptors. Responses of cortical neurons to monoamines could also be potentiated by viloxazine although it has little effect on monoamine uptake. These results are compatible with the idea that potentiation of monoamine responses may occur by a postsynaptic mechanism. PMID- 33259 TI - N-o-Methoxyphenylpiperazine: a simple blocker of dopaminergic receptors in the brain. AB - N-o-Methoxyphenylpiperazine (MPP) is a moderately effective in vivo blocker of dopaminergic receptors. Its ability to increase the concentration of rat brain homovanillic acid (HVA) and the resulting time course for HVA were similar to the actions of clozapine. The increased concentration of HVA did not result from decreased outflow from brain because HVA also rapidly decreased after a subsequent injection of pargyline. MPP blocked the circling behaviour caused by apomorphine in mice with a unilateral striatal lesion, and MPP and apomorphine reciprocally blocked the occurrence of stereotypy and increased HVA in rats. Diazepam partially prevented the MPP-induced elevation of HVA. Thus, both biochemical and pharmacological evidence indicate the dopaminergic blocking action of MPP. PMID- 33260 TI - Effects of drugs on the formation of 3-methoxytyramine, a dopamine metabolite, in the substantia nigra, striatum, nucleus accumbens and tuberculum olfactorium of the rat. PMID- 33261 TI - Change in brain guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) content by thyrotropin releasing hormone. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) causes a significant increase in rat cerebellar guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) content after parenteral administration. A smaller but still significant increase in cGMP was also observed in brain stem, whereas no significant changes were observed in cGMP in other gross brain regions or in adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in any brain region. TRH also caused a similar increase in cerebellar cGMP content in hypophysectomized rats indicating that the increase is independent of an intact pituitary. The time course of cGMP elevation in the cerebellum after administration of 10 mg/kg of TRH i.v. showed a peak at 2.5 to 5.0 min followed by a less rapid decrease. The time course of TRH immunoreactivity in the same cerebellar homogenates roughly paralleled these changes. Only those TRH analogs which were previously shown to antagonize pentobarbital sleeping time in mice caused an elevation in cGMP content in the cerebellum. TRH also caused a significant increase in cerebellar cGMP in rats pretreated with phenobarbital and chlordiazepoxide. The TRH-induced increase in cerebellar cGMP was not affected by cerebellar climbing fiber lesions caused by 3-acetylpyridine nor blocked by haloperidol, suggesting that TRH acts by mechanisms different from harmaline or apomorphine in raising cerebellar cGMP. PMID- 33262 TI - Studies on the selectivity of alloxan for the beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans: effect of pH on the in vitro action of alloxan. PMID- 33263 TI - Characterization of cytochrome P-450-dependent aminopyrine N-demethylase in rat brain: comparison with hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylation. PMID- 33265 TI - The Coming Age of Psychosomatics. Twenty-first annual conference of The Society for Psychosomatic Research held at the Royal College of Physicians. PMID- 33264 TI - Dense Crithidia growth and heme sparing: relation to Fe, Cu, Mo chelation. PMID- 33266 TI - An eclectic approach to regressional techniques. PMID- 33267 TI - Psychopharmacology and psychosomatic theory. PMID- 33268 TI - Opportunist lung infections. PMID- 33269 TI - Current concepts in contraception: a discussion. PMID- 33270 TI - Declaration of Hawaii. PMID- 33271 TI - A randomized study of the educational effects of an algorithm system. PMID- 33272 TI - The stimulation of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase activity by adenosine triphosphate. Relation with the other regulatory conformational changes; a model. PMID- 33273 TI - Quantitative subunit hybridization of drosophila alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The dimeric enzyme, alpha-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, was purified from eight Drosophila species by the method of Collier et al. (1976). The enzymes were inactivated at high pH and the conditions sufficient for reactivation were established. Electrophoretic patterns of reactivated alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenases which were mixed following inactivation of two species' enzymes, demonstrate that high pH dissociates the enzyme into its constituent subunits and reactivation involves subunit reassociation. Twenty interspecific combinations of dissociated enzymes were allowed to reassociate, and the amounts of both heterospecific and homospecific enzyme activity and protein were determined by densitometry. In all 20 tests there were no differences between observed and expected heterospecific:homospecific enzyme ratios. These results are consistent with the very slow rate of evolution of this enzyme in the family Drosophilidae (Collier and MacIntyre, 1977). PMID- 33274 TI - [Proceedings: The 5th meeting for the study of toxicology, 19 May 1978, Tokyo]. PMID- 33275 TI - Complications of deep puncture wounds of the foot. AB - Eleven cases of deep puncture wounds of the foot and their complications are reviewed. More than half of the patients had foreign materials introduced at the time of the injury which was not completely removed initially. The morbidity with these "simple puncture wounds" may be quite prolonged. The authors conclude that attention to details when the patient is first seen in the emergency room or the physician's office and aggressive treatment of these wounds will prevent serious sequelae in many instances. PMID- 33276 TI - Psychopharmacological screening criteria development project. PMID- 33277 TI - Use of anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 33278 TI - Hypovolemic shock. PMID- 33279 TI - Pleuro-pulmonary lesions in amebic liver abscess. PMID- 33280 TI - [Mechanisms of local anesthetic seizures (author's transl)]. PMID- 33281 TI - [Current concepts and research on shock]. PMID- 33282 TI - [Proceedings of the 7th meeting of the Japanese Society of Neuroradiology]. PMID- 33284 TI - [Moving experience with a lively spirit of the midwives - an observation at the 34th Congress of the Japan Midwifery Association]. PMID- 33283 TI - [Sessions of the 20th meeting of the Japan Geriatrics Society. Abstracts]. PMID- 33285 TI - [Sessions of the 18th Meeting of the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine. Abstracts]. PMID- 33286 TI - [Expanding role of nursing. 2. Trends in nursing activities in the United States. A speech at the 24th Nursing Seminar by Igaku Shoin]. PMID- 33287 TI - [Effects of transmural electrical stimulation, raising of intraluminal pressure and application of some drugs on motility and intracellular potentials of the chicken bile duct (author's transl)]. PMID- 33288 TI - [Effects of intrarenal arterial administration of beta adrenergic blocking agents on renin release and renal function (author's transl)]. PMID- 33290 TI - [Removing the misunderstanding against the movement for ratification of the ILO's Nursing Personnel Convention and recommendation]. PMID- 33289 TI - [Attending "The International Congress on Primary Health Care"]. PMID- 33291 TI - [18th Congress of ICM is held - for 7 days, starting on September 9, at Jerusalem]. PMID- 33292 TI - [The entire report on the congress of the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM)]. PMID- 33293 TI - [Attending the ICM Congress - focusing on the executive committee meeting]. PMID- 33294 TI - [Attending the "International Conference on Cancer Nursing"]. PMID- 33295 TI - [Pages for ILO - the activities, their results, and the future questions posed to the Japanese Nursing Association 18 months after the adoption of the resolution - from the conference of ILO delegates representing various blocks]. PMID- 33296 TI - [Experimental and clinical basis of conservative treatment of cryptorchism]. PMID- 33297 TI - [All-Union Conference on Proctology]. PMID- 33298 TI - Pharmacologic antagonism of beta-adrenergic blockade in dogs. I. Hemodynamic effects of isoproterenol, dopamine, and epinephrine in acute propranolol administration. AB - Hemodynamic effects of isoproterenol, dopamine, and epinephrine were studied before and after acute beta-adrenergic blockade in 16 open-chest, anesthetized mongrel dogs. Beta blockade was induced with 1 mg. per kilogram of intravenous propranolol. Cardiac output measurements were obtained by thermal dilution, and pressure recordings were obtained in the right ventricle, pulmonary artery, left atrium, left ventricle, and aorta. Derived parameters included stroke volume, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances, and peak left ventricular dP/dt. In the presence of propranolol, epinephrine became a lethal drug in large doses and did not increase cardiac output in standard doses. Dopamine, in 25 to 50 mcg. per kilogram per minute doses, increased arterial pressure and systemic resistance; cardiac output was diminished compared with dopamine, 10 mcg. per kilogram per minute, prior to propranolol, as a result of increased resistance and decreased LV contractility. Isoproterenol, 0.6 to 0.9 mcg. per kilogram per minute, 15 to 20 times standard dosages, had moderately positive inotropic effects and increased cardiac output. Left ventricular systolic pressure with isoproterenol after propranolol was reduced when compared with effects of smaller doses prior to propranolol. These observations suggest that none of the catecholamines studied would be optimal for circulatory support in heart failure in the presence of propranolol. The present results define a pharmacologic basis for design of appropriate drug combinations for circulatory support in beta-blocked animals. PMID- 33299 TI - Anatomy of the interstitial tissue. AB - Aspects on composition and function of the interstitial tissue have been given. The glycosaminoglycans of the interstitum have at physiological pH a net negative charge and are osmotically active. They restrict free diffussion through the interstitium. The ground substance phase can be further subdivided into a colloid rich subphase and a colloid-poor subphase. The latter seems to constitute the true tissue fluid phase of the interstitium. The functional importance of the interstitium on exchange processes between the vascular and the cellular compartments is discussed. Changes in aggregation and hydration of the ground substance change the physico-chemical properties and the functional characteristics of the interstitium. PMID- 33300 TI - Improved antimony--antimony (III) oxide pH electrodes. PMID- 33301 TI - [Bacterial polysaccharides--a new generation of vaccines]. PMID- 33302 TI - [Catatonia caused by neuroleptics]. PMID- 33303 TI - [Developmental trends of life-insurance medicine in Brazil]. PMID- 33304 TI - [The apoplectic attack. Possibilities and limitations of surgical therapy]. PMID- 33305 TI - [Prognosis of schizophrenia]. PMID- 33306 TI - [Prognosis of depression]. PMID- 33307 TI - [Diagnostic problems in alcoholism]. PMID- 33308 TI - [Maintenance of work capacity or early retirement of mental patients]. PMID- 33309 TI - [The effect of chenodesoxycholic acid on cholesterol gallstones (author's transl)]. AB - 30 patients with radiolucent gallstones and 2 patients with radioopaque stones recieved chenodesoxycholic acid (CDC). In 12 patients stones were dissolved completely by CDC therapy, in 6 of the patients the size of the stones decreased by 40-70%. Only 1 patient developed severe diarrhea, so therapy had to be stopped. In 5 patients there was a slight and transient increase in SGOT and SGPT, in 2 other patient gammaGT increased; value normalized while treatment was continued. In 23 cases liver biopsies were done before and during treatment: no histological changes could be found in the specimens. 5 of the patients, whose gallstones had been dissolved, received 500 mg CDC/day thereafter, another 5 patients received 500 mg/d every other day. No recurrence of lithiasis was observed in either group. One patient on 500 mg CDC twice a week developed lithiasis after 6 months, another one stopped treatment completely and gallbladder stones reappeared after 8 months. The patients with radioopaque stones did not show any changes during treatment. PMID- 33310 TI - beta-Adrenergic blockade in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 33311 TI - Evidence against a transformation of the beta2-adrenoceptor in the frog heart by changes in temperature or metabolic state. PMID- 33312 TI - Adrenoceptor-mediated activation of liver glycogen phosphorylase: effects of thyroid state. PMID- 33313 TI - Distinct alpha-noradrenergic receptors differentiated by binding and physiological relationships. PMID- 33314 TI - Effects of phalloidin on K+-dependent, Ca2+-independent neurotransmitter efflux and K+-facilitated, Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitter release. PMID- 33315 TI - The central stimulatory action of inhibitors of the dopamine uptake. PMID- 33316 TI - The interpretation of physiological correlates of differential housing in laboratory rats. PMID- 33317 TI - [Treatment of angina pectoris II]. PMID- 33318 TI - [Drugs against stage-fright?]. PMID- 33320 TI - Abstracts: ASME Scientific Meeting, 1978. PMID- 33319 TI - Flow of reducing equivalents into isolated intestinal mitochondria. AB - A system of enzymes is required for the transport of reducing equivalents from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) generated in the cytosol into the mitochondria by the substrate cycles. Also, the intestinal mitochondria must be capable of oxidizing the substrates of the cycles. Both substrate cycle enzymes and permeable mitochondria are necessary for the flow of pyruvate derived from glucose into the mitochondria for oxidative decarboxylation and for the efficient production of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) for the unique intestinal nutrient transport functions. Mitochondria from hamster intestinal mucosa were prepared exhibiting good respiratory control ratios. The isolated intestinal mitochondria would not oxidize NADH unless N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p phenylenediamine (TMPD) was added as a carrier of reducing equivalents. The rates of oxidation of the substrates of the L-glycerol 3-phosphate and the L-malate/1 aspartate substrate cycles were measured with the mitochondria isolated from the small intestinal mucosa. The key enzymes measured in the cytosol and mitochondria from the mucosa were NAD-L-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, Fp-L-glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase, L-malate dehydrogenase and L-glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase. In addition, the substrate cyclase were simulated in vitro by following NADH oxidation by isolated mitochondria in the presence of added cytosolic constituents. PMID- 33321 TI - Treatment of pneumonia with antihistamine. PMID- 33322 TI - Perhexiline maleate in the treatment of angina pectoris. Five years of personal clinical experience. AB - A five-year personal experience of the use of perhexiline maleate (Pexid) in the treatment of severe angina pectoris is presented. Ninety-four patients, all severely incapacitated by cardiac pain, received perhexiline maleate for an average period of 12.2 months. Perhexiline maleate was used either alone or, more commonly, in conjuction with other antianginal therapy, such as beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents. The results demonstrate that perhexiline maleate is a very effective agent which appears to be safe for long-term usage. Side effects have been frequent, and occasionally bothersome, but all have been transient and dose-dependent. The possibility that the regimens of treatment may materially improve long-term prognosis is raised. PMID- 33323 TI - [Metabolism of carbromal during detoxication with combined hemoperfusion and hemodialysis (author's transl)]. AB - Combined charcoal hemoperfusion and hemodialysis was performed on three occasions in two patients with severe carbromal intoxication. The concentration of carbromal, its organic metabolites and of bromide was determined in arterial blood before and after passage of the charcoal column and behind the dialyzer cartridge. Results show a rapid metabolic degradation of carbromal including cleavage of bromide. Besides carbromal and its main metabolite 2-brome-2 ethylbutyramide (=carbromide) debromised organic metabolites appear to be responsible for the severity of the intoxication. Bromide plays no role in the pathogenesis of acute intoxication. Carbromal and its organic metabolites are eliminated through a large surface dialyzer almost as effectively as with charcoal hemoperfusion. The effectivity of detoxication is enhanced by the combination of both procedures. Free bromide is not adsorbed at charcoal but is readily dialyzable. Values of carbromal, calculated out of bromide levels, do not correspond to directly measured blood levels. Treatment of carbromal intoxication with combined hemoperfusion-hemodialysis should be performed early in all severe, risky or otherwise complicated cases until the patients awakens. PMID- 33324 TI - Cytoplasmic malic enzyme from mouse kidneys. AB - NADP+-dependent cytoplasmic malic enzyme was purified to homogeneity from mouse kidneys by a two-step procedure involving 8-(6-aminohexyl)-amino-2', 5'-ADP Sepharose affinity chromatography and DEAE-Sephadex ion exchange chromatography. The biochemical properties of the purified enzyme from DBA/2J mice were characterized. These include the determination of molecular weight and amino acid compositions, steady-state kinetics, thermal stability and inactivations by iodoacetate and urea. The native enzyme is a tetramer with a molecular weight of 270,000.Km's for NADP+, L-malate, NADPH and pyruvate were determined to be 3.3 micrometer, 50 micrometer, 10.5 micrometer respectively. Similar to the pigeon liver enzyme, the mouse enzyme exhibits an ordered kinetic mechanism proceeding with the binding of coenzyme first. The enzyme is only weakly inhibited by ATP and other cellular metabolites. A remarkable similarity in amino acid compositions was found between the mouse and rat liver malic enzymes. PMID- 33325 TI - Kinetic characterization of plasma membrane ATPase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - 1. Plasma membrane preparations have been isolated from spheroplasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, strain R XII, via lysis and subsequent differential centrifugation. These preparations are almost devoid of mitochondrial contamination. 2. The plasma membrane ATPase is fairly stable when refrigerated, but loses activity at 8 degrees C and above. Below pH 5.6 the ATPase is irreversibly inactivated. The enzyme also splits GTP and ITP, although to a lesser extent. 3. Mg2+-ions are essential as part of the reactive substrate, MgATP, and furthermore they activate the ATPase. Optimal conditions depend on substrate concentration. When the concentration of free Mg2+ ions exceeds about 0.1 mM, competitive inhibition occurs. 4. In the range of pH 5.6-9.2 two functional groups dissociate. One, with pKb = 8.1 +/- 0.1 participated in substrate binding and another one with pKb' = 8.1 +/- 0.1 is involved in substrate splitting. 5. The experiments with group-specific inhibitors suggest that an alpha-amino group and a sulfhydryl residue are involved in substrate binding and conversion. Furthermore, imidazole, tryptophan and carboxyl residues may be important for the catalytic process. PMID- 33326 TI - Clinical differences between anxiolytics and sedatives. PMID- 33327 TI - Differential psychopharmacology of tranquilizing and sedating drugs. PMID- 33328 TI - Effect of sedatives and anxiolytics on aggressivity. PMID- 33331 TI - [Potassium levels during treatment with Torrat]. PMID- 33330 TI - Behavioral studies to differentiate anxiolytic and sedative activity of the tranquilizing drugs. PMID- 33329 TI - Neuropharmacology of sedatives and anxiolytics. AB - Sedative drugs are intended to cause various degrees of drowsiness. Animal experiments indicate that barbiturates induce these effects primarily by depression of the reticular activating system in the rostral brainstem. This in turn potentiates the thalamic recruiting system, thereby inducing 'barbiturate bursts' in the EEG. Anxiolytic drugs are intended to reduce anxiety or tension at doses which do not cause sedation or sleep. Propanediols may depress deactivating centers in the caudal brainstem, thereby releasing the activating centers in the rostral brainstem and depressing the thalamic recruiting response. These drugs may also act on the amygdala. Benzodiazepines have depressant effects on the amydala or hippocampus. These effects may release the reticular formation from inhibition. Enhanced activity of the activating and deactivating centers, to a different extent in different animals, would produce restlessness in some animals and sedation in others, accompanied by a mixture of fast and slow waves in the EEG. Sedative and anxiolytic agents also have central relaxant effects. The barbiturates act directly on the spinal cord, depressing both monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflexes. Propanediols and benzodiazepines act primarily on the descending facilitatory influence of the brainstem. Reduction of this influence depresses spinal polysynaptic but not monosynaptic reflexes. Biochemical studies suggest that barbiturates may act by antagonizing synaptic excitation induced by glutamate. Benzodiazepines may act by enhancing presynaptic inhibition mediated by GABA. The mechanism of action of propanediols is unknown. PMID- 33332 TI - [Rational diagnosis of liver diseases]. PMID- 33333 TI - [Treatment of bronchitis with cefaclor (Panoral) (author's transl)]. AB - 14 patients from the Allergy Unit of an outpatient clinic suffering from acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and 13 outpatients with acute bronchitis were treated with 250 mg cefaclor (Panoral) 3 times daily per os for 5 days. 59% of the organisms isolated from cefaclor-sensitive sputum at the time of prominent clinical symptoms were resistent to tetracycline, 53% of them were resistant to penicillin, and 37% were resistant to ampicillin. 12 out of the 14 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis became asymptomatic, and no organisms could be detected in the sputum of 13 out of the same 14 patients two days after cessation of cefaclor treatment. In 12 out of the 13 patients with acute bronchitis, the acute clinical symptoms disappeared and in 11 out of the 13 patients the initial sputum organisms were two days after stopping cefaclor treatment. PMID- 33334 TI - An evaluation of routine follow-up blood screening of infants for phenylketonuria. PMID- 33335 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 11-1979. PMID- 33336 TI - Cyclic-AMP-induced differentiation in neuroblastoma is independent of cell division rate. PMID- 33337 TI - Giardia excystation can be induced in vitro in acidic solutions. PMID- 33338 TI - Substance P causes direct depolarisation of neurones of guinea pig interpeduncular nucleus in vitro. PMID- 33339 TI - Protection of rats against phalloidin by ligation of bile duct. PMID- 33342 TI - The Netherlands Society for Clinical Science. Abstracts of papers read at the 122nd meeting, October 21st, 1978, Utrecht. PMID- 33341 TI - Phosphorylated derivatives of phloretin inhibit cyclic AMP accumulation in neuronal and glial tumor cells in culture. AB - The potencies of polyphloretin phosphate, di-4-phloretin phosphate, 4-phloretin phosphate and phloretin to inhibit the stimulation of cAMP accumulation by prostaglandins, isoproterenol and adenosine were studied in 2 clonal cell lines of CNS origin. The sequence of potency to inhibit PGE1 effects was the same in neuroblastoma (N4TG3) and human astrocytoma cells (1321N1): di-4-phloretin phosphate greater than polyphloretin phosphate greater than phloretin greater than 4-phloretin phosphate. The inhibition of PGE1 stimulated cAMP accumulation by the most prostaglandin-specific inhibitor di-4-phloretin phosphate was rapidly established after its addition, fully reversible after a 30 min preincubation period and independent of the presence of calcium. Kinetic studies of the inhibition of PGE1 effects by di-4-phloretin-phosphate suggest a different type of inhibition in 1321N1 and N4TG3 cells. PMID- 33340 TI - Cataleptic and anticataleptic effects of muscimol and gabaculine injected into globus pallidus and substantia nigra, and interactions with haloperidol or benzodiazepines. AB - Intranigral injection of muscimol induced hyperactivity in rats and antagonized haloperidol-induced catalepsy. Intranigral injection of gabaculine, an inhibitor of GABA transaminase, induced similar effects 5h after injection, when the nigral GABA content was increased 7-fold. On the other hand, injections of muscimol (30 ng) into the globus pallidus potentiated the cataleptic effect of haloperidol, and muscimol alone in high doses (100 and 200 ng) induced catalepsy. Gabaculine also induced catalepsy of medium intensity and potentiated the effect of haloperidol 24h after injection, when GABA was increased in the globus pallidus as well as in the substantia nigra. Injections of muscimol into either the globus pallidus or substantia nigra increased striatal HVA and enhanced haloperidol induced elevation of HVA. Three benzodiazepines, nitrazepam, diazepam and chlordiazepoxide administered orally, potentiated the effect of muscimol (30 ng) injected into the globus pallidus and induced catalepsy. A similar effect was not obtained with phenobarbital. It is suggested that stimulation of GABA receptor or increase of GABA content in the sustantia nigra antagonize haloperidol-induced catalepsy by activation of nigral dopaminergic system, and that enhancement of pallidal GABA function induces catalepsy by non-dopaminergic mechanisms. Potentiation of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by benzodiazepines may be due to enhancement of GABA-ergic transmission within the globus pallidus. PMID- 33343 TI - Beta-D-glucosidase in fractions from rat brain. AB - Beta-Glucosidase activity has been determined in homogenate and in centrifugation fractions of 7-day-old and adult rat brain; maximum activity was found at pH 4 and pH 5. Of the adult brain, more than 50% of the activity was concentrated in the 800-g sediment fraction (P1), while in the brain of 7-day-old rat about 20% was found in the corresponding fraction. The activity maximum in all fractions after a 2% Triton X-100 treatment occurs at pH 5. Addition of Triton to adult brain homogenate enhances the activity, but this stimulation is less than the sum of the activities observed at pH 4 and pH 5 in the absence of Triton. Triton addition to brain homogenate of 7-day-old rat results in a fall in activity at pH 4 and in a maximum at pH 5. In rat brain homogenate subjected to sonication, a loss of activity is observed at pH 4, scarcely at pH 5; the activity loss is completely abolished and turned into an increase under the influence of Triton. This increase equals the level obtained when Triton is added to an untreated brain homogenate. Sonication of rat brain homogenate leads to changes in the distribution pattern; about 25% of the activity of the adult brain is found in the P1 fraction compared to 50% in the corresponding fraction of the untreated brain. Fractionation of a sonicated brain homogenate from adult rat reveals that at pH 4 most activity (52%) is concentrated in the 20,000-g pellet (P2), 23% in supernatant fluid (S2); at pH 5 the opposite is observed; most activity (49%) is found in the 20,000-g supernatant (S2) and 23% in the 20,000-g pellet (P2). In the presence of Triton the activity of the sonicated brain homogenate of adult rat increases; this stimulation roughly equals the sum of the corresponding activities measured at pH 4 and pH 5 in the absence of Triton. PMID- 33344 TI - Phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase from the brain and adrenal medulla of the rat: a comparison of their properties. AB - Two different molecular forms of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT, EC 2.1.1) have been isolated from the brain and adrenal glands of the rat as indicated by certain of their physicochemical properties, such as: molecular weight estimated on the basis of gel chromatography of Sephadex G-100; pH optima; electrophoretic mobility on acrylamide gel; and steady-state kinetic parameters. The high Km value for the brain PNMT has been assumed to be responsible for the low methylation ratio between norepinephrine and epinephrine in the CNS. PMID- 33345 TI - d-Amphetamine binding to brain lipid. AB - The interaction of d-amphetamine with several brain tissue components has been investigated. A brain lipid extract and a number of individual phospholipids were found to bind d-amphetamine when measured by means of a hexane-buffer partition coefficient technique. Phosphatidylserine showed the greatest binding and phosphatidylethanolamine and dipalmitoyllecithin were also effective. Phospholipid binding of d-amphetamine was shown to be related to fatty acid composition. Cholesterol and ganglioside did not bind. It is suggested that phospholipid binding of d-amphetamine may play a role in the pharmacological action of this drug. PMID- 33346 TI - CNS site of beta-adrenergic blocker-induced hypotension in the cat: a microiontophoretic study of bulbar cardiovascular neurones. PMID- 33348 TI - Twenty-eighth annual meeting of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Supplementary Scientific Sessions, Hot Springs, Virginia, September 30 to October 1, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 33347 TI - Shock-induced locomotor excitation following acute and chronic amphetamine treatment. PMID- 33349 TI - Role of carotid body catecholamines in chemoreceptor function. PMID- 33350 TI - [Arousing agents and narcotics. Experimental study]. PMID- 33351 TI - [Roipnol in pediatric anesthesia]. PMID- 33352 TI - [Comparison of various exocrine pancreatic function tests]. PMID- 33353 TI - [Complications from general surgery]. PMID- 33354 TI - Report on Ninth International Congress of Child Psychiatry and Allied Professions. Melbourne--August, 1978. PMID- 33355 TI - Alpha blockade and surgical intervention of pheochromocytoma in pregnancy. AB - The antepartum diagnosis of pheochromocytoma concurrent with pregnancy has been reported in 42 cases. These cases were analyzed for the effect of preoperative alpha blockade and of the timing of surgical intervention. Alpha blockade, when performed promptly in all pregnant patients in whom the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was made, reduced fetal mortality regardless of the gestational age. In addition, when the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was made in the third trimester of pregnancy and alpha blockade was adequately maintained, a combined procedure of cesarean section and tumor resection was best. If the tumor could not be located during a combined procedure, delivery followed by delayed resection was not associated with any greater maternal mortality. The surgical approach required for patients diagnosed in the first or second trimester was less clear. Although alpha blockade is indicated in such early patients, it cannot yet be determined if a delay in the tumor excision will subject the mother and fetus to a greater risk than the accepted practice of early resection with delayed delivery. PMID- 33356 TI - [Guidelines for Laevolac therapy against the endogenous factor in periodontal diseases]. PMID- 33357 TI - [Effect of chest physiotherapy on pO2 and pCO2 in premature and mature babies with respiratory distress syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - pH, pCO2, pO2 and where possible DAaO2 determinations were done before, immediately after and 30 minutes after chest physiotherapy in 4 groups (respiratory adaptation disturbance, pneumonia, hyaline membrane disease- controlled ventilation and RDS--nasal-CPAP) of mature and premature infants and in a group of healthy infants. The most striking alterations of the parameters investigated were found in infants treated with nasal-CPAP and controlled ventilation where especially a decrease of pH and increase of pCO2 was observed. After small increases of paO2 immediately after physiotherapy the paO2 values and concomitantly DAaO2 values 30 minutes after chest physiotherapy fell below the levels before physiotherapy. There was no significant change from pretreatment values in any group of infants. A physiotherapist experienced in the care of infants with respiratory diseases is most important for achieving satisfactory results. PMID- 33358 TI - [Comparative evaluation of pH, pCO2 and pO2 from arterial and capillary blood samples during the first two weeks of life (author's transl)]. AB - 193 determinations of pH, pCO2 and pO2 have been performed simultaneously on arterial and capillary blood samples in 22 mature and premature infants 1 to 2 weeks old. Despite good agreement of arterial and capillary pH and pCO2 values no such results could be found in pO2 values. In cases of oxygen therapy especially if positive endexspiratory pressures are used control of oxygen tension should be done exclusively from arterial and not from capillary blood samples. PMID- 33359 TI - Plasmodium knowlesi in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). AB - Common marmosets were shown to be susceptible to Plasmodium knowlesi malaria. The morphology of the parasite was indistinguishable from the observed in the natural host (Macaca fascicularis) and the common laboratory model (Macaca mulatta). A differential susceptibility to P. knowlesi was observed in the 8 marmosets studied. Multiplication rates of parasites were variable over 24 h periods. Five animals died of a fulminating infection within 12--17 days after challenge. Three animals recovered spontaneously from infection and were subsequently resistant to challenge with homologous and heterologous variants and strains of P. knowlesi. This resistance was maintained for intervals up to 100 days between challenge infections. PMID- 33360 TI - [Effect of ethyl alcohol on the behavior of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and aminotransferases in the blood and liver of rat (a biochemical and histochemical study)]. PMID- 33361 TI - [Behavior of alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and aminotransferases in the small intestine mucosa of rats poisoned with ethyl alcohol (biochemical and histochemical study)]. PMID- 33362 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in rat internal organs following long-term administration of neuroleptics]. PMID- 33363 TI - [Juvenile form of metachromatic leukodystrophy. Clinical variant of sulfatidosis]. PMID- 33364 TI - The impact of new health professionals. PMID- 33365 TI - Cancer nursing's 'first' at Buenos Aires. PMID- 33366 TI - Recognition of the infection control nurse. PMID- 33367 TI - The influence of neuroleptics on the behavioural effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan. AB - The antagonism of neuroleptics of various groups (chlorpromazine, chlorprothixene, clopenthixol, clozapine, flupenthixol, fluphenazine, haloperidol, levomepromazine, mepazine, perazine, perphenazine, pimozide, prochlorperazine, promazine, spiperone, thiopromazine, thioridazine, trifluperazine, trifluperidol, triflupromazine) towards L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5 HTP) was assessed on the basis of inhibition of characteristic head-twitches. ED50 was assayed in mice and rats. The results indicate that all investigated neuroleptics inhibit the action of 5-HTP and their ED50 values are, as a rule, lower than the values of ED50 for catalepsy. That action is for the majority of neuroleptics more pronounced in mice than in rats. The present paper disucsses possible serotonergic, dopaminergic and also noradrenergic mechanism of action of neuroleptics in the 5-HTP test. PMID- 33368 TI - The effect of baclofen and aminoxyacetic acid on catalepsy in the rat. AB - Gabaergic compounds, baclofen and aminoxyacetic acid (AOAA) potentiate the catalepsy induced by neuroleptics. This effect indicates their functional antagonism towards the central dopaminergic system. Both compounds exert a central antiserotonin effect. Baclofen, but not AOAA, also shows weak cholinolytic properties. However, the potentiation of cataleptogenic action of neuroleptics by baclofen and AOAA is not related to their effect on the central serotonergic or cholinergic systems. PMID- 33369 TI - Studies on the mechanisms of central action of alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking agents. AB - The article summarizes the results of experiments, partly published, on the central action of alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs given systemically in rats. Phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine and aceperone increase utilization of noradrenaline (NA in whole brain and antagonise NA--stimulated formation of cyclic AMP in brain cortical slices. They also counteracts locomotor hyperactivity and flexor reflex stimulation induced by NA receptor agonists. The investigated alpha-adrenolytics do not antagonize brain dopamine (DA) or acetycholine (ACh) receptor stimulation, although they weakly reduce the effects of central serotonin (5-HT) system activation. It is concluded, that phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine and aceperone block directly central NA receptors. They do not block DA or ACh receptors in the brain but they are weak antagonists of 5-HT system stimulation. The investigated compounds decelerate utilization of DA and increase those of ACh in the brain, these effects seem to be secondary to NA system hypofunction. PMID- 33370 TI - The effect of alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulant drugs on amphetamine or apomorphine-induced stereotypy in rats. AB - Clonidine, xylometazoline and naphazoline given ip cause a transition from sniffing to licking or gnawing stereotypy induced by amphetamine or apomorphine. Methoxamine, phenylephrine and in a lesser degree noradrenaline (all given ivc) inhibit licking and gnawing stereotyped behavior. Biochemical results correlate with the depressant action of clonidine and naphazoline on central noradrenergic neurotransmission and also with the stimulant action of methoxamine and phenylephrine on noradrenergic system. The both groups of alpha-adrenergic agonists seem to modify both the central dopaminergic and noradrenergic system activity in the same direction. It is suggested that this action can play a role in observed modification by alpha-sympathomimetic drugs of responses to dopamine agonists. However, the influence of alpha-sympathomimetics on other brain systems must be also taken into consideration. PMID- 33371 TI - Blood gas measurements. AB - pH and blood gas measurements are used to detect and monitor ventilation, oxygenation, and acid-base disturbances. The blood sample must be drawn anaerobically and transported in ice water to the laboratory. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (PaCO2) reflects alveolar ventilation; partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2) reflects oxygen loading. The alveolar arterial PO2 gradient (PA-aO2) distinguishes hypoxemia due to hypoventilation from that due to inefficent pulmonary gas exchange. The demand status of the cardiovascular system and the hemoglobin value reflect oxygen delivery to tissues. The relationship among pH, PaCO2, and bicarbonate concentration, when interpreted in the light of clinical findings, specifies the type and duration of acid-base disturbance. PMID- 33372 TI - Preventing portal systemic encephalopathy in the patient with cirrhosis. AB - Portal systemic encephalopathy is a serious complication of cirrhosis. It can be prevented if the patient avoids the contributing factors--ingestion of alcohol, inappropriate diet, infection, stress, hepatotoxic agents--and if other complications are treated promptly. PMID- 33373 TI - The role of progestogens in peri- and post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy. PMID- 33374 TI - Advances in drug treatment in psychiatry. PMID- 33375 TI - Indomethacin and benorylate in osteoarthrosis of the hip. PMID- 33376 TI - [The influence of sedation with diazepam and flunitrazepam during regional anaesthesia upon postoperative pulmonary performance (author's transl)]. AB - In 32 patients between 53 and 86 years of age, undergoing transurethral prostatectomy, the influence of intraoperative sedation with Diazepam (5-10 mg) and Flunitrazepam (0,4-0,8 mg) on postoperative forced vital capacity, forced exspiratory volume (1 sec.) and peakflow, were measured, compared to placebo. We could not find a depression of these ventilatory parameters, in the three groups except peak-flow after sedation with Flunitrazepam in the evening after operation (p less than or equal to 0,05). We conclude that sedation during regional anesthesia does not impair the most important advantage of local anesthesia, the minor effect on ventilation, compared with general anesthesia. PMID- 33377 TI - [The sedative and amnesic effects of flunitrazepam during regional anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - The sedative, hypnotic and amnesic effects of flunitrazepam, a new benzodiazepine, were tested in doses of 0 (placebo), 0,4 mg and 0,8 mg. These doses were sufficient to produce a satisfying sedative effect on patients, being operated on in regional anaesthesia. In few cases we found undesirable effects. Positive and negative aspects of amnesia will be discussed. PMID- 33378 TI - [Therapy of a severe agoraphobia]. PMID- 33379 TI - [First All-Union Conference on the "Physiology of Human Development"]. PMID- 33380 TI - Proceedings of the Fifteenth Congress of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association, Istanbul, Turkey, 1978. PMID- 33381 TI - Direct phosphorylation of brain tyrosine hydroxylase by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase: mechanism of enzyme activation. AB - Tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine monooxygenase, L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2] was highly purified from rat caudate nuclei. When the pure hydroxylase was phosphorylated by incubation with cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and [32P]ATP, 32P and tyrosine hydroxylase activity were detected after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a single protein band. After sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, 32P was detected only in a probably active subunit of tyrosine hydroxylase of molecular weight 62,000. Phosphorylation of the hydroxylase increased its activity by 2-fold, and was associated with an increase in Vm without any change in Km for either substrate or cofactor. We propose that the pool of native tyrosine hydroxylase is composed of a mixture of enzyme molecules in both active and probably inactive forms, that the active form is phosphorylated, and that phosphorylation produces an active form of the enzyme at the expense of an inactive one. PMID- 33382 TI - Serine-borate complex as a transition-state inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. AB - gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase, a membrane-bound enzyme, functions in the gamma glutamyl cycle to catalyze utilization of glutathione. It has been postulated that the amino-acid-stimulated utilization of glutathione by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase reflects an aspect of amino acid translocation. As one approach to the effective in vivo inhibition of this enzyme, the inhibition of the enzyme by L-serine in the presence of borate buffers [Revel, J.P. & Ball, E.G. (1959) J. Biol. Chem. 234, 577-582] was reinvestigated. Inhibition by L-serine, D-serine, and alpha-methyl-DL-serine in the presence of borate is competitive with respect to gamma-glutamyl substrate and such inhibition is parallel to the activity of transpeptidase toward L-gamma-glutamyl, D-gamma-glutamyl, and L-gamma-(alpha methyl)glutamyl derivatives. L-Serine and borate effectively protect against inactivation of the enzyme by the gamma-glutamyl analogs, 6-diazo-5-oxonorleucine and azaserine, which bind to the gamma-glutamyl site of the enzyme. These studies, kinetic investigations, equilibrium dialysis experiments, and other data support the view that inhibition is produced by formation of serine-borate complex which binds at the gamma-glutamyl binding site of the light subunit of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The data indicate that serine-borate complex is a transition state inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. PMID- 33383 TI - Iron, an essential element for biosynthesis of aromatic compounds. AB - Homogeneous preparations of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase [7-phospho-2-keto-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptonate D-erythrose-4-phosphate lyase (pyruvate phosphorylating), EC 4.1.2.15] isolated as the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate complex from Escherichia coli are shown by atomic absorption analysis to contain approximately one mole of iron per mole of native enzyme. No cobalt was found, in contrast to suggestions of earlier workers. Pure enzyme preparations show a unique absorption maximum around 350 nm with an epsilon value of about 3500 M-1cm-1. The 350-nm band as well as the enzyme activity is lost when the enzyme is denatured with guanidine-hydrochloride, or when phosphoenolpyruvate, the first substrate to bind to the enzyme, is totally removed from the enzyme by incubation with an excess of erythrose 4-phosphate, the second substrate to bind to the enzyme. The iron remains bound to the enzyme when phosphoenolpyruvate is removed from the enzyme-phosphoenolpyruvate complex. PMID- 33384 TI - Sanfilippo syndrome type C: deficiency of acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N acetyltransferase in skin fibroblasts. AB - Removal of N-sulfated glucosamine residues during degradation of heparan sulfate is accomplished by the sequential action of three enzymes. Action of sulfamidase results in the formation of alpha-glucosaminide residues. Removal of these groups requires conversion to alpha-N-acetylglucosaminide by the action of an acetyltransferase in the presence of acetyl-CoA, followed by hydrolysis by alpha N-acetylglucosaminidase. In fibroblast homogenates from three patients with Sanfilippo syndrome type C (mucopolysaccharidosis III C), a biochemical variant of the Sanfilippo syndrome, complete deficiency of the acetyl-CoA:alpha glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase activity was detected. Activities of all lysosomal hydrolases known so far to degrade mucopolysaccharides, including those of sulfamidase and alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, were in the range of controls. Acetyl-CoA:alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase activity was normal in fibroblasts of patients with other genetic mucopolysaccharidoses, including Sanfilippo syndrome A and B. PMID- 33385 TI - Evidence that catecholamine transport into chromaffin vesicles is coupled to vesicle membrane potential. AB - The effects of ATP, Mg(2+), and various agents on pH gradient, membrane potential, and catecholamine transport across membranes of intact bovine chromaffin vesicles were investigated. Methylamine and thiocyanate (SCN(-)) distributions across the vesicle membrane were used to estimate the H(+) concentration gradient and membrane potential, respectively. The H(+) concentration ratio (intravesiculanmedium) equals 16 when the medium pH is 6.9 and is unaltered by ATP and Mg(2+). In the absence of ATP and Mg(2+), the steady state intravesicular S(14)CN(-) concentration is lower than the medium concentration. ATP and Mg(2+) cause an increased influx and a decreased efflux of SCN(-) that results in SCN(-) being concentrated in the vesicles 6- to 8-fold over the medium. The findings are consistent with an ATP,Mg(2+)-induced potential of approximately 50 mV (intravesicular side positive). Carbonyl cyanide p trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), a H(+) translocater, and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), a sulfhydryl reagent, decrease the SCN(-) ratio and, thus, the membrane potential in the presence of ATP and Mg(2+). They have no effect on the H(+) concentration gradient. The rate of catecholamine uptake into vesicles is increased 4- to 6-fold by ATP and Mg(2+). The ATP,Mg(2+)-stimulated uptake is inhibited by FCCP and NEM over the same concentration ranges that reduce the SCN( ) distribution (membrane potential). FCCP increases and NEM decreases vesicular membrane ATPase activity. Thus, catecholamine uptake is correlated to an inside positive membrane potential, and not to ATPase activity. If catecholamine uptake is coupled to membrane potential, then a charged species must be involved in the transport mechanism. Reserpine and rotenone inhibit catecholamine influx but have no effect on the H(+) electrochemical gradient; they probably act at a step before coupling to the membrane potential (or the H(+) electrochemical gradient). Atractyloside, an inhibitor of nucleotide transport, has no effects on catecholamine transport or the H(+) electrochemical gradient. PMID- 33386 TI - The imitation of enzymic catalysis. PMID- 33387 TI - A re-examination of curare action at the motor endplate. AB - Recent evidence indicates that curare, in addition to its competitive' interference with endplate receptors, can block open ionic channels by a 'non competitive' action on the activated acetylcholine-receptor complex. These findings called for further study of the kinetic behaviour of endplate channels and their modification by curare. Examining impulse-evoked endplate currents and acetylcholine-induced current fluctuations, it is found that the lifetime of the open channel is shortened by relatively high concentrations of curare (greater than 5 micrometer), an effect which shows up most strikingly at hyperpolarized levels of membrane potential (-130 mV and above). No shortening of this kind is observed when a neuromuscular block of equal or greater intensity is produced by a dose of alpha-bungarotoxin. Two other neuromuscular blocking agents, gallamine and pancuronium are shown to have an action on channel kinetics which cannot be explained by competitive receptor binding, but conforms to the hypothesis of rapidly repeated blocking and unblocking of individual ion channels, which had been proposed originally to account for the endplate action of local anaesthetics. PMID- 33388 TI - Morphology and molecular composition of isolated postsynaptic junctional structures. AB - The solubilization of isolated brain synaptosomal plasma membranes by various detergents was studied and in each case found to depend upon detergent concentration. By using conditions sufficient to extract maximally protein and phospholipid from the membranes, postsynaptic junctional particles were isolated with each of four detergents and their ultrastructural appearances and protein contents compared. Two basic structural forms were identified. One, isolated with Triton X-100, consists of a planar array of dense-staining particles ca. 20 nm in diameter. It resembles the postsynaptic density seen in undigested synaptosomal plasma membranes. The other, isolated with sodium deoxycholate, contains less protein. It has the same overall shape and dimensions as the postsynaptic density, but consists of a branching network of short 5 nm fibres (the postsynaptic junctional lattice) making up an array of contiguous polygons, each ca. 20 nm across. The interior of these polygonal elements seems to be hydrophobic since it cannot be penetrated by metallic salts used for negative staining. It is suggested that the dense-staining 20 nm subunits observed at the postsynaptic junctional site may be composed of hydrophobic proteins inserted into the hollow cores of the lattice polygons. Electrophoretic analysis of the proteins present in the various postsynaptic junctional preparations identified two major common components with molecular masses of 275000 and 47500. The latter is tentatively identified as actin. Components comigrating respectively with alpha- and beta-tubulin are present, and the relation of the lattice structure to subjacent microtubules is discussed. PMID- 33389 TI - The position of regenerating cambia: auxin/sucrose ratio and the gradient induction hypothesis. AB - To account for the positions in which vascular cambia regenerate in wound callus, a gradient induction hypothesis was proposed in 1961 in terms of gradients in 'some factor as yet unknown'. It now seems likely that the gradient is based on morphogen diffusion between source and sink on opposite sides of existing cambia, with morphogen diffusing into the adjoining wound callus. It is specifically proposed that there are two morphogens, auxin diffusing centrifugally and sucrose diffusing centripetally. The cambium then regenerates along a path where the ratio of auxin to sucrose concentration is similar to that at the original cambium, and its orientation (as regards xylem and phloem formation) is determined by the direction of the gradient in this ratio. These proposals are supported by published evidence on auxin and sucrose concentration gradients across the cambium, and on their sources, movements, and known effects on vascular differentiation. Simulations of the proposed positional control system predict patterns of cambial regeneration and orientation corresponding to those observed in four different types of wound and graft. PMID- 33390 TI - Intestinal uptake and transport of proteins in the adult rat. AB - The transport of immunoglobulin and ferritin across the intestinal mucosa of adult rats provides an excellent model for transcellular protein transport study. Intestinal uptake and transcellular transport have been extensively studied in the neonatal rat, but not to such an extent in the adult rat. The transport of 125I labelled bovine immunoglobulin G and ferritin was studied in 100 days old rats using intestinally administered proteins. Antigen was estimated in the tissues by reacting extracts against specific immune antiserum prepared in rats, and visualization studies were carried out by fluorescence microscopy and direct deposition autoradiography at electron microscopic level. From these studies, it can be seen that these proteins are taken up by the intestinal cells and transported, antigenically intact, across the barriers to the body organs. PMID- 33391 TI - Observations on the vegetation of northeastern Mato Grosso II. Forests and soils of the Rio Suia--Missu area. AB - The vegetation of the well drained soils along the Suia--Missu road in the Serra do Roncador region of NE Mato Grosso is Evergreen Seasonal forest of Amazonian type. The area lies close to the meeting place of the Amazonian forest (the hylaea) and the cerrado (savanna) formation of Central Brazil. The structure of the forest is simple: the canopy is at about 18--23 m, and is exceeded by a few scattered emergents; no recognizable strata can be distinguished among the understorey trees and the shrub and herb layers are sparse. Table 1 lists the most important species and gives information on stratification and general distribution. Most of the species appear to have a hylaean centre of distribution but extend into other vegetation types. The forest differs from related communities which lie closer to the cerrado/forest boundary in its greater height and luxuriance, the presence of additional tall tree species, and the great reduction in abundance of a cerrado floristic element. A survey on the Xavantina- Sao Felix road allowed us to extend previous observations on the distance to which the cerrado tree Pterodon pubescens extends into the forest. The results obtained indicate a considerable extension of forest into cerrado during the life of an individual tree. A characteristic low forest occurs in the flood plain of the Rio Suia--Missu while Swampy Gallery forests occur on permanently waterlogged soils around the headwaters of streams. The well drained soils of the Suia--Missu forest are very uniform, deep latosols (oxisols) of very dystrophic nature with pH (in water) between 4.0 and 5.0 (see table 2, p. 203). PMID- 33392 TI - The coding of sound pressure and frequency in cochlear hair cells of the terrapin. AB - Intracellular recordings have been made from single hair cells in the cochlea of the terrapin, and the site of recording has been verified by injection of a fluorescent dye through the recording electrode. A hair cell gives periodic voltage responses graded with the intensity and frequency of the sound stimulus, and produces the largest response at its characteristic frequency. When small current steps are injected through the recording electrode, the voltage response of the cell exhibits damped oscillations at its characteristic frequency. The results are consistent with the idea that the cochlear frequency selectivity arises in two stages and it is suggested that the second stage resides within the hair cell itself. PMID- 33393 TI - Synaptic vesicles and microtubules in frog motor endplates. AB - Motor endplates of the cutaneous pectoris skeletal muscle of the frog have been examined by electron microscopy using a new technique. This involves pretreatment with an albumin solution, followed by fixation with 4% unbuffered tetroxide. A small proportion of the endplate axonal ramifications show microtubules clothed in synaptic vesicles and focused on the presynaptic membrane, in particular on the active zones. The microtubules run in the presynaptic cytoplasm either parallel to or across the active zones. These two sets of microtubules cross each other at the active zones, which lie opposite the dips in the post-junctional folds. The possibility that the microtubules are involved in the translocation of synaptic vesicles to the active zone is discussed. PMID- 33394 TI - Tendon and ligament from the horse: an ultrastructural study of collagen fibrils and elastic fibres as a function of age. PMID- 33395 TI - A comparison of the size distribution of collagen fibrils in connective tissues as a function of age and a possible relation between fibril size distribution and mechanical properties. PMID- 33396 TI - Kinetic studies in isolated organs: tools to design analgesic peptides and to analyze their receptor effects. AB - The opioid activities of peptide and non-peptide narcotics were studied in longitudinal muscle strip of guinea pig ileum (GPI) and in mouse vas deferens (MVD). The comparison of agonist activities of peptides found in GPI and MVD offered the opportunity to predict the presence but not the magnitude of potential analgesic activity. The kinetics of the antagonism between naltrexone and different types of agonists were also determined in these systems. Using C-6 epimers of naltrexone, it was found that the site of opiate receptors recognizing the information provided by the C-6 substituent of naltrexone are different in GPI and MVD. PMID- 33397 TI - [Dopamine-receptor stimulators and neuroleptic-induced dyskinesia (author's transl)]. AB - We have examined bromocriptine, levodopa and trihexyphenydil ins ingle-blind design in 16 chronic productive schizophrenics having the same degree of tardive dyskinesias. Treatment time for each patient was 60 days: Bromocriptine was given in mean daily doses of 32 mg, levodopa 3,2 g and trihexyphenydil 27 mg. Bromocriptine and trihexyphenydil allowed the continued use of neuroleptics, without necessitating an increase in dosage. On the other hand, with levodopa 25% of the patients deteriorated, and this could not be prevented by increasing the dose of neuroleptics. Bromocriptine and trihexyphenydil permitted treatment of tardive dyskinesias, whereby bromocriptione was clinically (and statistically) superior to trihexyphenydil. Trihexyphenydil had only a slight effect on tremor, whilst treatment with levodopa was ineffective. PMID- 33398 TI - CNS effects of the antihistamines diphenhydramine and terfenadine (RMI 9918). AB - The quantitative EEG profile of a putative antihistaminic drug, terfenadine, was determined in a crossover comparison with diphenhydramine in normal male volunteers. Terfenadine failed to elicit the characteristic EEG or behavioral effects of sedative antihistaminics, and was distinguishable from diphenhydramine. The EEG profile confirmed the lack of CNS effect observed in preclinical and clinical trials. PMID- 33399 TI - [Clinical study and development of a revealing case of phlebitis]. AB - This article deals with a case of pleural metastases of an adenocarcinoma starting at an unknown point in a 59-year-old patient without notable circulatory antecedents, shown by a recurrent phlebitis having several sites over two months and a hemothorax. PMID- 33400 TI - Chemical modification of the surfaces of bacterial cell walls. AB - The surfaces of the isolated cell walls of four bacterial species were studied by microelectrophoresis following chemical treatments intended to remove specific charged groups. Acid-base titrations of the walls were used to assess specificity and extent of the modifications. Carboxyl groups were specifically and completely modified by activation with a water-soluble carbodiimide and subsequent reaction with a nucleophile, such as glycinamide, to give an uncharged pH-stable product. Aqueous media and mild reaction conditions make the method suitable for modifying carboxyl groups on cell surfaces too labile to withstand the harsh conditions required for conventional esterification reactions. Use of the carbodiimide mediated reaction for discharging carboxyl groups, along with fluorodinitrobenzene for discharging amino groups and extraction procedures for removing constituents carrying phosphoester groups (teichoic acids), made it possible to obtain information about the spatial arrangement of charged groups on the wall surfaces. Removal of the exterior negative charge dominating wall surfaces allowed underlying amino groups to become electrokinetically effective and, in the case of E. coli, also revealed a lipophilic region with an affinity for a cationic surfactant. PMID- 33401 TI - Stability and kinetic behavior of carboxymethylated horse muscle acylphosphatase. AB - Horse muscle acylphosphatase consists of a main chain S-S bound to glutathione. It was found that removal of the glutathione by reduction and successive carboxymethylation of the only cysteine of the main chain affects the stability of the enzyme, mainly with respect to thermal inactivation. On the other hand, the kinetic properties of the enzyme are affected very little. PMID- 33402 TI - Management of compound injuries of the lower extremity. AB - The reconstructive surgeon experienced in the use of rotated or free muscle and myocutaneous flaps, skilled in microvascular surgery, and interested in lower extremity trauma, may favorably alter the course of management of these historically difficult problems. It can be of great advantage to the patient if this surgeon is involved in the primary evaluation, so that all initial therapy can be performed with the future reconstructive goals in mind. PMID- 33403 TI - Ipsilateral buttock flap for coverage of a foot and ankle defect in a young child. PMID- 33404 TI - Selection and attrition profiles of physician-extender students. PMID- 33405 TI - Use of pseudodesensitization in treatment of an experimentally produced fear. PMID- 33406 TI - Trial of diphenpyraline in hyperactive children. PMID- 33407 TI - Neurohumoral determinants of sensitivity to LSD. PMID- 33408 TI - Conformationally restricted phenothiazines. PMID- 33409 TI - Dopamine and chronic antipsychotic drug treatment. PMID- 33410 TI - Neuroleptic CNS effects: acute and chronic studies. PMID- 33411 TI - Regulation of catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes. PMID- 33412 TI - Dissociation of the hyperphagic from the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines. PMID- 33413 TI - Sixteenth annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 14--16 December 1977--abridged proceedings. PMID- 33414 TI - An evaluation of a remote, rural clinic manned by a physician's assistant. PMID- 33415 TI - [Action of x-ray and ultraviolet radiations on egg albumin solutions]. PMID- 33416 TI - [Author reports of the 15th symposium of the Nuclear Medicine Section of the Society for Medical Radiology of the GDR, Reinhardsbrunn, May 7-11, 1978]. PMID- 33417 TI - [Proceedings of the Histochemical Society XVI Symposium held in Leiden/Noordwijk. Value and possibilities for error in histochemical enzyme reactions]. PMID- 33418 TI - [Enzyme biochemistry]. PMID- 33419 TI - [Different properties of fluorescein isothiocyanate isomers]. PMID- 33420 TI - Synaptic events in sympathetic ganglia. PMID- 33421 TI - [Established cell lines expressing differentiated characters of liver cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 33422 TI - [Study of gastro-esophageal reflux by means of spot-fluorography alone and associated with manometry and pH measurement ]. PMID- 33423 TI - [Bilateral cryptorchism and its implications in male sterility]. PMID- 33424 TI - [Determination of activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 33425 TI - [Syndrome of Churg-Strauss]. PMID- 33426 TI - [Anesthesia in ophthalmic surgery: use of dipotassium chlorazepate as preanesthetic medication in geriatric patients]. PMID- 33427 TI - Biochemical changes in Alzheimer's disease-senile dementia: neurotransmitters in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. PMID- 33428 TI - Temperature and blood acid-base status in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. AB - The blood acid-base status of blue crabs. Callinectes sapidus, was assessed at temperatures ranging from 10 to 30 degrees C. Blood pH varied inversely with temperature, with a slope (dpH/tT) of - 0.012. The PaCO rose only slightly between 10 and 27 degrees C, from 2.09 torr to 2.91 torr, with the result that the total dissolved CO2 actually fell slightly due to the decrease in solubility. In vitro the blood behaved like a conventional Rosenthal system, with a rise in PCO2 at constant CT which was much greater than the observed in vivo increase. I vivo the CT of the blood decreased significantly in order to maintain the OH/H ratio. The ratio of ventilation to oxygen consumption (and presumably carbon dioxide production) was not significantly different at 10 and 27 degrees C, indicating that ventilation is not participating in the acid-base adjustment to temperature. The principal acid-base regulating mechanisms in the crab are probably ionic exchanges in the gills rather than ventilatory control of PaCO2. PMID- 33429 TI - Regulation of oxygen affinity in blood of fetal, newborn and adult mouse. AB - Oxygen half saturation pressure (P50) of blood and the role of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (DPG), adenosine-triphosphate and red cell pH regulating oxygen affinity were examined in fetuses (16,5-18,5 days of gestational age), neonatal (1-22 days post partum) and adult mice (Balb/c). The high oxygen affinity of fetal blood (P50 = 29 Torr at 37 degrees C, pH 7.4 and Pco2 = 40 Torr) decreases to an average adult value of 41 Torr within two weeks after birth, accompanied by an increase of DPG-concentration from 0.2 M/MHb4 to the average of 1.5 M/MHb4. At a constant pHe of 7.4 red cell pH decreases from pH 7.3 to 7.18 from 18.5 days of gestational age to ten days post partum. Electrophoretic mobility and functional characteristics of purified fetal and adult hemoglobin were identical. Changes in oxygen affinity occur only due to organic phosphate concentration variations. A rapid replacement of large size fetal red cells by smaller adult cells after birth fairly coincides with the increase of the 2,3-DPG concentration. PMID- 33431 TI - Golden medal of trachoma 1978. Pr. T. Daghfous and Pr. C. R. Dawson. PMID- 33430 TI - Combined effects of hypoxia and moderate heat load on ventilation in awake Pekin ducks. PMID- 33432 TI - Acceptance of Medaille d'Or du Trachome by Dr. Chandler R. Dawson M. D. Kyoto, 16 May 1978. PMID- 33433 TI - XXIII International Ophthalmology Congress May 16, 1978. Joint meeting of the "International Organization against Trachoma" and the "League against Trachoma". PMID- 33434 TI - [Evaluation of antacids "in vitro"]. AB - Five different antacids were compared "in vitro" through titration with NaOH 0.5 N to observe their neutralising power towards HCl 1.0 N. Eight pH measurements were done for each antacid. The neutralising capacity of the antacid was calculated with a specific formula for each pH measure reading, with this information statistical calculation were made to compare the antacids among themselves, with suggest that the method can be useful in the valuation of newly produced antacid before their clinical application. PMID- 33435 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at the XII National Congress of Gastroenterology]. PMID- 33436 TI - [Determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase in the differential diagnosis of jaundice: value in the ALT/GGT index]. PMID- 33437 TI - [European conference of nurse researchers; Utrecht, 20-22 September 1978]. PMID- 33438 TI - [The diagnostic significance of histochemical technics in muscle biopsy examination]. PMID- 33439 TI - [Evoked nystagmus in man: pharmacological analysis of some neurotransmitters]. PMID- 33440 TI - [Late chronic dyskinesia from neuroleptic drugs (CSF and pharmacological data) (author's transl)]. AB - CSF values of dopamine and serotonine metabolites (homovanillic acid and 5 hydroxy-indoleacetic acid) have been studied in 4 patients suffering from late dyskinesia due to neuroleptics. Trazodone (which acts on all monoaminergic systems, namely noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotoninergic) induced a marked clinical improvement associated with CSF HVA increase and 5-HIAA decrease. The Authors suggest that involuntary movements could be due to an impairment of 5-HT e DA link. PMID- 33441 TI - [Histamine H2 receptor antagonists. Pharmacology and clinical applications]. PMID- 33442 TI - [Unstable angina]. PMID- 33443 TI - [The determination of salivary pH by contact pH meter in individuals receiving psychotropic therapy. Study of pH on the tongue and at the orifice of Wharton's and Stenon's ducts (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied salivary pH at different sites in 172 patients receiving psychotropic therapy in hospital. For statistical purposes, the study was limited to individuals receiving a "moderate" dose of: --a benzodiazepine derivative --a neuroleptic and benzodiazepine --antidepressant, neuroleptic and benzodiazepine. Regardless of the type of psychotropic therapy and of the site of measurement, acidification of salivary pH which was statistically significant in comparison with values found in healthy subjects was noted. This acidification was particularly marked with regard to "lingual" pH. In addition, regardless of the site of measurement, a higher degree of acidification of salivary pH was seen in individuals receiving a combination of psychotropic agents. This acidification was particularly striking with regard to salivary pH in patients given a combination of antidepressant, neuroleptic and a benzodiazepine derivative. The cause of this acidification is not definitely known. A number of hypotheses may be put forward: decrease in salivary volume (Laudenbach, 6, and Vermeil, 7), excretion of acid metabolites by the salivary glands, effect of psychotropic agents upon the action itself of the salivary glands. PMID- 33444 TI - Shifts in the conformation of serum albumin and their possible significance in normal catabolism. PMID- 33445 TI - Hydrolysis of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA in homogenates of human blood platelets: the existence of a platelet palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase. AB - The existence of a very active long-chain fatty acyl-CoA hydrolase in homogenates of human blood platelets is reported. The highest activity was found with palmitoyl-CoA as the substrate. Palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity was not found in intact platelets indicating that the enzyme is localized within the platelet membrane. No palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity was found in fasting plasma. Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+ and Triton X-100 inhibited the palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity. Sulphydryl reagents had no effect, whereas high concentrations of D- and L carnitine inhibited the activity. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase did not interfere with the assay of palmitoyl-CoA hydrolysis as the activity of carnitine palmitoyl hydrolase was less than 1% of the palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity. PMID- 33446 TI - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis of sputum and blood for the diagnosis of chest infections caused by pneumococci or Haemophilus influenzae. AB - In 107 patients with lower respiratory tract infections, counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) of blood and sputum, bacterial cultures of blood, sputum and nasopharyngeal secretion, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibody determination were performed, with special reference to pneumococci and Haemophilus influenzae. For pneumococci CIE of sputum was superior to culture especially in antibiotic-treated patients. The clinical significance of a positive CIE of sputum was supported by close correlation to significant antibody increase. The usefulness of CIE regarding H. influenzae was more difficult to evaluate. PMID- 33447 TI - Polyglycolic acid (Dexon) sutures in Escherichia coli infected urine. AB - The tensile strength, knot strength and stretch of polyglycolic acid (Dexon) was studied after emersion in physiological saline, sterile urine and infected urine. Tests were made each day under controlled conditions over a 10 day period. The results are compared with those of other earlier studies. Tensile strength, knot strength and stretch were found to be fully acceptable in all studies, and there are no grounds to advise against the use of Dexon when urine is infected. PMID- 33448 TI - Urodynamic studies in prune belly syndrome. A case report. AB - Urodynamic studies were carried out in a 14-year-old boy with Prune Belly Syndrome and terminal renal failure prior and after successful renal transplantation. Increased bladder capacity, nonprovocative detrusor instability and a high compliance were the most characteristic findings during the filling phase of the bladder. During the voiding phase an increased detrusor pressure was demonstrated. Outflow resistance and maximum urinary flow rate were within normal range before and after transplantation. In contrast to the findings before renal transplantation, however, micturition was imbalanced after transplantation (residual urine 100 ml). Urodynamics revealed that the bulging of the posterior urethra, observed in the early voiding phase, was due to a congenital insufficiency of the posterior urethral musculature (megalourethra) and not caused by mechanical obstruction leading to urethral dilatation. It is suggested that detrusor-bladder-neck-dyssynergia is the primary cause of the imbalanced micturition and its consequences (bladder distention, reflux, urinary tract infection, hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis) in patients with Prune Belly Syndrome. The findings of a normal, respectively increased detrusor activity are in contrast to the observations of some authors, describing attenutation and absence of detrusor muscle fibres. The indications and effects of transurethral resection and internal urethrotomy, proposed by some authors, are discussed. PMID- 33449 TI - [The treatment with tiparide of the agitation and aggressivity of oligophrenic patients (author's transl)]. AB - Tiapride, which is an original medication for the treatment of agitation and psychomotor excitation, was studied in mentally retarded patients; 9 severe and 3 moderate, suffering from bouts of agitation and excitation and aged from 18 to 40 years. The dosage was 4 ampoules (400 mg) daily by IM injection in acute agitation (2 cases), 6 tablets (600 mg) daily in moderately severe cases, and 4 tablets (400 mg) daily in milder cases (4). Very good results were obtained in 3 patients, and good results in 6 others, while no effect was noted in 3 patients (in spite of a reduction in dosage of the other medications). Tolerance was excellent in all cases. Tiapride should fill the therapeutic gap which exists today in the treatment of the agitation and aggressivity of oligophrenia. PMID- 33450 TI - [Bucco-linquo-facial and choriform hyperkinesies (author's transl)]. AB - These bucco-linguo-facial and choriform hyperkinesies still remain all too frequent in many neurological diseases. The authors study exclusively the dyskinesies of essential origin or iatrogenous including the post neuroleptic and post dopatherapy dyskinesies. All the neuroleptics can be involved at different stages of the treatment, giving rise to difficulties in the diagnosis. Dopatherapy in the Parkinson disease is also responsable of many dyskinesias. Time of appearance after the drug's taking, significance and treatment are discussed. The idiopathic dyskinesis are more unusual either with the some only facial involvement, or in association with another abnormal movements. The physiopathology is doubtful, so the treatment is often very difficult. PMID- 33451 TI - [Interest of the use of pain drug in hyperalgic ophthalmic herpes zoster (author's transl)]. AB - In ophthalmic herpes, very frequent residual pain may be the cause of severe facial neuralgia which may persist for many years. These cases of neuralgia often occur in the elderly and raise difficult therapeutic problems. Tiapride which is a neuro-visceral mediator of the substituted benzamide family gave excellent results in 3 cases of ophthalmic herpes zoster in the elderly. The dosage was 200 to 300 mg daily by the intramuscular route, then by the oral route. Tolerance was excellent. PMID- 33452 TI - The seventh annual meeting of the Surgical Research Society of Southern Africa. Abstracts. PMID- 33453 TI - Clinical usefulness of the beta-adrenergic antagonists. PMID- 33454 TI - Metronidazole in the prophylaxis and treatment of anaerobic infection. AB - The influence of prophylactic metronidazole on vaginal carriage rates of anaerobes and the development of postoperative anaerobic infection was studied in 104 women who underwent abdominal hysterectomy. Metronidazole prophylaxis in 54 patients led to a decrease in the anaerobe vaginal carriage rate from 65% pre operatively to 17% and 28% on the 3rd and 7th postoperative days respectively. In the control group (50 patients) no significant decrease in anaerobe yield was noted, corresponding percentages being 72%, 64%, and 74%. Postoperative infection occurred in 36 patients (28 controls; 8 on prophylactic metronidazole). Wound swabs from all 8 patients in the latter group yielded aerobes, and in 1 patient mixed infection (aerobes/anaerobes) occurred. In 7 of these patients (including the patient with mixed infection), the infection resolved spontaneously, while the 8th patient responded to therapy with metronidazole, kanamycin and ampicillin. In the control patients, 21 cases of postoperative wound infection and 4 of vault infection were seen; wound swabs from patients in the former group yielded aerobes in only 6 cases, and mixed growth of aerobes/anaerobes in 10 cases. Postoperative wound/vault infections in control patients cleared spontaneously in 18 cases and responded to imidazole therapy, with or without ampicillin and kanamycin, in 7 cases. PMID- 33455 TI - Anaesthetic induction of caesarean section with thiopentone, methohexitone and ketamine. AB - Thiopentone (3,5 mg/kg) was compared with methohexitone (1 mg/kg) and 'low-dose' ketamine (1 mg/kg) for induction of obstetric anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was maintained with gas, oxygen, muscle relaxant and 0.6% enflurane. Fetal oxygenation was superior with thiopentone, but blood gas/acid base status was otherwise comparable among the different agents. Methohexitone and low-dose ketamine appear to offer reasonable alternatives to thiopentone for anaesthetic induction at caesarean section. PMID- 33456 TI - [WHO and UNICEF conference in the Soviet Union: development of primary health care is major concern everywhere]. PMID- 33457 TI - [Joint Scandinavian conference on primary health care]. PMID- 33458 TI - [A productive congress of laboratory technicians in Scotland]. PMID- 33459 TI - [Federal Congress 1979: open membership elections accomplished]. PMID- 33460 TI - [Conference for clinical instructors at the Norwegian Nursing College]. PMID- 33461 TI - [Discussion on occupational health services in international congress]. PMID- 33462 TI - [With the courage to face responsibility: meeting of our representatives]. PMID- 33463 TI - [Hard to understand the congress' resolutions on internal affairs]. PMID- 33464 TI - [Study of Cd and Ni content of dental gold solders. News from NIOM]. PMID- 33465 TI - [Current approaches to the studies on the pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatic diseases (according to the data of the 14th International Congress of Rheumatologists, San Francisco, July 1977)]. PMID- 33466 TI - [Phonomecanographic study of 3 beta-blockers and d-propranolol in obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 33468 TI - [Annual Congress 1978, also 125th General meeting]. PMID- 33467 TI - [Beta blockaders and premedication in thyrotoxicosis surgery]. PMID- 33469 TI - [Qualitative and quantitative determination of amino-2 benzimidazole in aqueous medium by polarography (author's transl)]. AB - Amino-2 Benzimidazole, a residue of the decomposition of some fungicides (Benomyl, Carbendazine, Thiophanate, Methylthiophanate), is measured by polarography in aqueous medium, with a platinium rotating electrode, for the exploration in potentials from +0.5 v to 1.4 v. The best conditions for the quantitative determination are investigated, the study according to pH is performed and the standard curve is given for concentrations from 10(-5) to 10( 3) M/l. The interaction of elementts found in tap water and in aquarium water is also investigated. PMID- 33470 TI - [Urine elimination of gamma-glutamyl transferase with repeated injections of mercuric chloride in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Daily intraperitoneal injection of HgCl2 (2.5 mu-mole Hg/kg) induces an early and important increase of urine gamma-glutamyl transferase, This enzyme is a good test of the evolution of the toxic lesion in the live animal. PMID- 33471 TI - Comparison fo metridiolysin from the sea anemone with thiol-activated cytolysins from bacteria. PMID- 33472 TI - Influence of pH on the kinetic and spectral properties of phospholipase A2 from Bitis gabonica (gaboon adder) snake venom. PMID- 33473 TI - [Effect of a soft dental deposit on the permeability of the hard dental tissues (an experimental study)]. PMID- 33475 TI - Declaration of Alma-Ata. PMID- 33474 TI - [Evaluation of results of therapy with cast removable partial prosthesis. I. Significance of the residual teeth]. AB - On the basis of results from follow-up examinations in patients with removable cast partial prostheses, the author points to injuries to the remaining teeth which are attributable above all to errors of indication, insufficient preliminary measures, and inadequate metaphylaxis. PMID- 33476 TI - Eperythrozoon ovis. III. The effect of infection on blood pH, concentrations of pyruvate, lactate and glucose in blood, haematology, and on concurrent and superimposed trypanosoma vivax infection in sheep. AB - Infections of sheep with Eperythrozoon ovis has been shown to increase pyruvate and lactate concentrations in blood and to reduce blood pH over a period of 10-14 days post-inoculation. There was no effect on the concentration of blood glucose. However, if care is not taken to inhibit glycolysis, the concentration of blood glucose in samples of blood taken for analysis falls markedly. Rapid destruction of erythrocytes started about 10 days post-inoculation and was progressive. Superimposition of Trypanosoma vivax infection on E. ovis infection did not appear to affect the growth of either parasite. PMID- 33477 TI - [Perinatal asphyxia and acidosis]. PMID- 33478 TI - Abstracts of paper presented at the Annual Conference of The Dutch Society of Electron Microscopy. November 23 and 24, 1978, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. PMID- 33479 TI - Role of microsurgery in orchiopexy. AB - Intra-abdominal tests cannot be completely brought down into the scrotum by conventional methods. Four intra-abdominal testes in 3 patients underwent successful orchiopexy by dividing the spermatic artery and vein near their origin and anastomosing these vessels to the inferior epigastric vessels with the use of microsurgical technique. PMID- 33480 TI - The pH of prostatic fluid: a reappraisal and therapeutic implications. PMID- 33482 TI - The destruction of pig helminth ova and larvae in a slurry treatment process. AB - It was established that a thermophilic system for the treatment of pig slurry at 55 degrees C rapidly killed the free living stages of three common pig parasites. This treatment could be beneficially incorporated in any pig slurry recycling process, whether to land or to animals. PMID- 33481 TI - [Effect of oxylidin in combination with narcotic analgesics on the emotional state of patients during esophagoscopy]. PMID- 33483 TI - [Effect of physical and chemical factors on the antigenic activity of the cell walls of Brucella abortus 99]. AB - Studied was the effect of some physical and chemical factors--heating, acidity, treatment with ultraviolet rays, and enzyme treatment--on the activity of the Brucella abortus 99 cell wall antigen. The activity of the antigen was determined through the microreaction of complement-fixing after Kolmer. It was found that the antigen was most sensitive to acid treatment and treatment with ultraviolet rays, and was more slightly sensitive to the effect of alkaline agents and pronase. Besides, the antigen proved heat-resistant and did not lose its activity after treatment with trypsin and alph- and beta-amylase. The chemical nature of the epitopes (the determinant groups), substantiating the activity of the antigen is briefly discussed. PMID- 33484 TI - Stabilization and particle morphology of prune dwarf virus. PMID- 33485 TI - Properties of solubilized RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from alfalfa mosaic virus infected and healthy tobacco plants. PMID- 33487 TI - [Heart diseases in the elderly]. PMID- 33486 TI - Enkephalins and endorphins. PMID- 33488 TI - [Effect of diadynamic currents on the gastroduodenal system in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 33490 TI - [Report of the meeting of the 31st Austrian Medical Congress from 24-29 October 1977 in Vienna]. PMID- 33489 TI - Arthritis and hepatitis. AB - The evidence relating four clinically distinct rheumatologic syndromes to infection by the hepatitis B virus is reviewed. Acute hepatitis B is not infrequently heralded by a prodromal rash and rheumatoidlike polyarthritis. Chronic active hepatitis B more rarely is associated with transient arthritis or arthralgias. Polyarteritis nodosa may be a manifestation of hepatitis B infection in as many as 40 percent of cases, and recently the syndrome of "essential" mixed cryoglobulinemia has also been linked to infection with this virus. The finding of immune complexes of varying composition, sometimes with the viral antigen or its antibody (or both) contained in both the serum and synovial fluid suggests that these four syndromes are clinical manifestations of immune complex disease resulting from hepatitis B infection. PMID- 33491 TI - [Urinary calculi in childhood]. PMID- 33492 TI - [Urinary calculi prevention]. PMID- 33493 TI - [The angina pectoris syndrome. II. Therapeutic principles]. PMID- 33494 TI - [Biochemistry of hepatic encephalopathy]. PMID- 33495 TI - [Influence of pirenzepin on healing of gastric ulcer. A double blind study in in patients (author's transl)]. AB - In a double-blind study the influence of Pirenzepin on ulcer healing was studied in 28 in-patients with gastric ulcer under endoscopic control. The ulcer size was reduced by Pirenzepin significantly quicker, and the number of ulcers healed after three weeks treatment with Pirenzepin was significantly higher than under placebo. As to accompanying symptoms appetite stimulation was significantly more frequent with Pirenzepin compared to placebo. No patient complained of dryness of the mouth. PMID- 33496 TI - [Clinical studies on acidosis morbidity (author's transl)]. AB - Basing on the pH values of the umbilical artery of a total of 3,421 births in 1977 and in the first half of 1978, the acidosis morbidity associated with the various methods of delivery and dependent upon the weight at birth is determined, and compared with the Apgar score. The results are discussed with reference to literature. It is concluded from this study that electronic monitoring should be intensified, that indication for abdominal Caesarean section should be considered on a relatively liberal scale, and that the quota of underweight children should be reduced further. PMID- 33497 TI - [Ernst Heinrich Weber, 1795-1878]. PMID- 33498 TI - [Speech perception and hemispheric dominance]. PMID- 33499 TI - [International symposium on piribedil]. PMID- 33500 TI - [Hypothesis concerning the biological function of the Na+/K+-gradient as a reserve form of energy]. PMID- 33501 TI - [Effect of action potentials and synaptic excitation on RNA and protein metabolism in nerve tissue]. PMID- 33502 TI - [Demonstration of more sialylized fetal enzyme variants of serum gamma glutamyltransferase in patients with liver diseases and during azathioprine therapy. A new diagnostic parameter]. PMID- 33503 TI - [The arterial and intercellular acid-base balance in patients with chronic respiratory acidosis]. PMID- 33504 TI - [Effect of propranolol and bunotrolol on the sympathico-adrenal activity]. PMID- 33505 TI - [Basis for the resistance to infections]. PMID- 33506 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of aplastic anemia and acute leukemia. PMID- 33507 TI - [Urinary excretion of dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline in patients with heart failures of various severity]. PMID- 33508 TI - [The effect of so-called cardioselective and non-cardioselective beta-receptor blockers on the metabolism during ergometric exercise in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 33509 TI - [Histamine content of blood and the use of antihistaminic drugs in allergic cutaneous vasculitis]. PMID- 33511 TI - Influence of the addition of urea to a low-protein diet on plasma amino acids and other metabolites in growing bulls fed sugar beet silage. PMID- 33510 TI - [The reaction of lung mast cells to acute barbiturate and bromureide poisoning (author's transl)]. AB - Guinea pigs were poisoned by large oral doses of hypnotics in order to study the effect of bromureides on the mast cell contents of the lungs in comparison to the influence of barbiturate intoxication. The dose of the hypnotics chosen was thus, that all animals died within the first three hours after the beginning of feeding. Then the degranulation of mast cells with decrease of the mast cell number in the lung tissue was merely small in the barbiturate poisoned animals, but very extensive in the animals intoxicated by bromureides. The difference is highly significant. The possible influence of this effect upon the different clinical course of both kinds of intoxication is discussed. PMID- 33512 TI - [Treatment of intra-alveolar fractures and periodontally damage front teeth by means of pegging (author's transl)]. PMID- 33513 TI - [Agenda--prevention of alcoholism in children and adolescents]. PMID- 33514 TI - The effect of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs on free fatty acid and glucose utilization of the isolated canine heart with normal and restricted flow in the presence and absence of noradrenaline. AB - Effect of adrenergic beta-receptor blockade on the myocardial utilization of the main substrates by the isolated fibrillating dog heart perfused with constant volume of blood from a donor animal was studied at normal and restricted flow, and in the presence of noradrenaline. A direct metabolic action of the beta blockade by increasing glucose uptake in the normal and reducing it in the ischemic heart, furthermore moderating the ischemic diminution of the lactate uptake could be shown. The intervention reduced elevated serum free fatty acid level and increased myocardial free fatty acid uptake observed in the presence of noradrenaline. PMID- 33515 TI - Effects of prostaglandins, calcium, and bradykinin on guanylate cyclase in different organs. AB - The effects of prostaglandins and bradykinin on the activity of guanylate cyclase in plasma membranes from rat uterus and duodenum have been found strongly dependent on calcium content. PMID- 33516 TI - Studies of the TSH radioreceptor assay. AB - We have examined several variables in the reagents and procedures used in the TSH radioreceptor assay, the binding of iodinated TSH to its thyroidal receptor. We found that iodinated bovine TSH (S.A. 30 U/mg) was more effectively bound to receptor than iodinated human TSH (S.A. 7.3 U/mg). Iodination of TSH was the Bolton-Hunter acylation method apparently prevented binding to TSH receptor. Surgically removed human thyroid tissue specifically bound 10.3 +/- 1.0 (mean +/- SEM) of added [125I]TSH, but post-mortem human thyroid bound only 3.9 +/- 0.4% of [125I]TSH (p less than 0.001). Maximal binding of [125I]TSH was found at pH 5.8. Many tissue preparations contained activity, possibly due to proteases, which inactivated TSH, and inclusion of a protease inhibitor, aprotinin, significantly increased specific binding. PMID- 33517 TI - [Enteroglucagon]. PMID- 33518 TI - [Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (V.I.P)]. PMID- 33519 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia using a histocompatible paternal donor. AB - A bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical, MLC nonreactive paternal donor has been performed in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia resistant to drug treatment. Prompt engraftment was documented; however, the patient died of interstitial pneumonitis due to cytomegalovirus 65 days after transplant. Clinical manifestation of graft-versus-host reaction was mild. Recurrence or persistence of leukemia was found at the time of death using cytogenetic markers and determination of the leukemic marker enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. PMID- 33520 TI - Purification studies on an acidic protease from adult Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 33521 TI - Relief of postoperative pain with intercostal blockade compared with the use of narcotic drugs. PMID- 33522 TI - Analgesics in postoperative pain relief. PMID- 33523 TI - [Ulcerative colitis and pregnancy]. PMID- 33524 TI - Acid-base balance during laparoscopy. The effects of intraperitoneal insufflation of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide on acid-base balance during controlled ventilation. AB - During laparoscopy the carbon dioxide used to achieve a pneumoperitoneum is absorbed from the peritoneal cavity into the blood. The object of the present study was to clarify certain aspects concerned with anesthetic and ventilatory techniques, mostly in connection with the comparison between the effects of insufflation of either carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide. Anesthesia included ventilation with a volume controlled ventilator in curarised patients. Respiratory volumes were calculated according to the patient's body area. The results show a sharp rise in PaCO2 and a fall in pH after intraperitoneal insufflation with carbon dioxide, while no changes were observed when nitrous oxide was used. The clinical consequences of these findings are discussed. PMID- 33525 TI - Proceedings of Paediatric Societies. North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Joint Meeting, Paris, France May 4-6 1978. PMID- 33526 TI - The 4th International Beilinson Symposium on 'nutrition and the diabetic child,' Israel, May 21-24, 1978. PMID- 33527 TI - International Study Group on Diabetes in Children and Adolescents, Fourth Annual Meeting, Netanya at Sea, Israel, May 19-20, 1978. PMID- 33528 TI - Increase in bilirubin binding to albumin with correction of neonatal acidosis. AB - Twenty-six serial measurements of free bilirubin concentration and apparent association constant of bilirubin for albumin (Ka) at a bilirubin: albumin molar ratio of 0.8 were performed and compared with baseline values in 11 newborn infants with acidosis before treatment and during recovery from acidosis. When arterial pH was corrected from 7.12 +/- 0.02 (Mean +/- S.EM.) to 7.34 +/- 0.02, there was a significant decrease in serum free bilirubin concentration and a significant increase in the Ka at molar ratio 0.8. The data offer in vivo evidence that correction of acidosis in the neonate results in an improvement of the apparent bilirubin binding affinity of albumin. PMID- 33529 TI - Electron microscopy of nephropathia epidemica cell nuclei in kidney biopsies. AB - Ultrastructural changes in cell nuclei were studied in kidney biopsies from 18 patients suffering from Nephropathia epidemica. Three patients showed small nuclear particles in a large aggregate in a few cells of the distal tubule. The particles had a diameter of about 30 nm and their occurrence was not associated with intravenous glucose infusions. Large light nuclear bodies were numerous in the nuclei of both interstitial and tubular cells. Many showed strands of darker material about 35 nm in diameter at their center. Nuclear vesicles with varying amounts of membrane debris were seen in both tubular and interstitial cells. Occasional interstitial lymphocytes showed abnormal margination of chromatin. Of the changes observed the small nuclear particles are not found in kidney biopsies in other conditions and it is possible that they are aggregates of viral protein. PMID- 33530 TI - Effect of proteolytic activation on intraocular hydrodynamics the pressure of O2, CO2 and pH in the aqueous humor. AB - The effect of proteolytic activation on the tonographic indices and secretion of the aqueous humor was studied. It was found that active peptides rise the secretion of intraocular fluids increasing the permeability of capillary plexuses and decreasing the metabolic processes in the structures secreting the aqueous. They may perticipate in haemodynamic and hydrodynamic intraocular autoregulation. PMID- 33531 TI - Central monoamine metabolism and neonatal oxygen deprivation. An experimental study in the rat brain. PMID- 33532 TI - Nervous control of pancreatic exocrine secretion in pigs. AB - The pancreatic secretion of fluid, bicarbonate and protein in response to electrical stimulation of the vagus and splanchnic nerves, to exogenous and endogenous secretin and to various pharmacological agents was studied in anesthetized young pigs (21 kg). Vagal stimulation increased flow, bicarbonate output and protein output in a frequency dependent manner; the half maximal effective frequency was 2--4 Hz and the maximal effective frequency 12 Hz. The secretory response to vagal stimulation was potentiated by physiological elevations of the arterial concentration of secretin brought about by injection of secretin or by acidification of the duodenal bulb. Simultaneous stimulation of the splanchnic nerves strongly inhibited the response to vagal stimulation; splanchnic nerve stimulation alone had no demonstrable effect. The flow and bicarbonate response to vagal stimulation was unaffected by atropine, but abolished by hexamethonium. Protein output was strongly inhibited by both agents. The response to intraarterial infusion of acetylcholine resembled that elicited by vagal stimulation but it was smaller and it was completely abolished by atropine and unaffected by hexamethonium. Alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockade stimulated rather than inhibited the secretory response to vagal stimulation. The portal vein plasma concentration of secretin was not affected by vagal stimulation. The results indicate that the protein response, and the flow and bicarbonate response to vagal stimulation are not brought about by the same mechanism. An increased release of secretin is not involved. Peptidergic (VIP containing) nerves may contribute. PMID- 33533 TI - A phenomenologic evaluation of CO2-diffusion restriction in kidney tubules studied in an artificial membrane system. AB - The chemical course in a multi-membrane system with interacting H+ and HCO3 ions has been described phenomenologically as an analogy of the neutralisation reaction between secreted H+ and filtered HCO-3 ions in the proximal tubules of the kidney. It was shown that the produced CO2 gave the highest PCO2 in the asymmetrically placed reaction centre, which favours a build-up of a high intratubular PCO2. The CO2 transport was dependent on the rate-limiting permeation of the reacting ions, and the permeation could be increased by the influence of solutions of macromolecules such as carbonic anhydrase, albumin and dextran. PMID- 33534 TI - PCO2 of the proximal tubular fluid and the efferent arteriolar blood in the rat kidney. AB - Recordings in vivo of the carbon dioxide tension of the proximal tubular fluid and of the efferent arteriolar blood were performed with PCO2 microelectrodes in the rat kidney. The buffer lines of the efferent arteriolar blood and systemic arterial blood were determined with an ultramicro equilibration system and the acid-base status of the systemic arterial blood was measured. The intratubular PCO2 was significantly higher than the PCO2 of the arterial blood, and the PCO2 of the efferent arteriolar blood was significantly lower than that of the arterial blood. The buffer capacity was higher and the bicarbonate concentration slightly lower for the efferent arteriolar blood than for the arterial blood. It is concluded that a PCO2 difference exists across the tubular wall and that the high intratubular PCO2 favours a chemical equilibrium of the carbonic acid bicarbonate system in the proximal tubular fluid. It is supposed that the slightly lowered bicarbonate concentration in the efferent arteriolar blood is an effect of the glomerular ultrafiltration process. PMID- 33535 TI - CO2 along the proximal tubules in the rat kidney. AB - The proximal intratubular pH of the rat kidney was measured in vivo with an antimony electrode system. PCO2 and bicarbonate concentration of the proximal tubular fluid were determined with an ultramicro equilibration system. The tubular fluid to plasma inulin concentration ratio was evaluated by a microscope fluorometric method. The acid-base parameters and the inulin concentrations were determined under control conditions and during acetazolamide treatment. The intratubular PCO2 was higher than the PCO2 of the systemic arterial blood under control conditions and the difference in PCO2 was increased during acetazolamide treatment. In acetazolamide treated rats the rate of fractional bicarbonate reabsorption was decreased in the early part of the proximal tubule, while it was of about the same in the middle and late parts as compared with control rats. The total bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule was reduced by 50% due to the carbonic anhydrase inhibition. It seems possible that the bicarbonate is still reabsorbed as CO2 after carbonic anhydrase inhibition, as hydrogen ion secretion is not totally stopped by this treatment. The increase in intratubular PCO2 after acetazolamide treatment is assumed to be due to an inhibition of the carbonic anhydrase facilitating effect on outward diffusion of CO2 from the tubular lumen across the cell wall. PMID- 33536 TI - ECG-changes in the fetal lamb during asphyxia in relation to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation and blockade. AB - Progressive changes in the S-T interval of the fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) were studied in 14 lamb fetuses, acutely exteriorized and subjected to graded hypoxia. The aims of the study were to investigate whether beta-adrenoceptor stimulation and hypoxia exerted additive or potentiating effects on the FECG and several cardiovascular parameters and whether the hypoxic changes of the FECG could be blocked by beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents. The FECG changes were studied in order to correlate them with cardiovascular function, as measured by heart rate, mean arterial pressure, end diastolic pressure, maximum dP/dt and combined cardiac output, estimated by the thermodilution method, as well as with blood gases, acid base status, blood lactate and glucose. Injections of small doses (0.02 to 0.4 microg kg-1 min-1) of isoprenaline induced the same pattern of changes in the FECG as we have previously recorded during hypoxia. By increasing the isoprenaline dose an increase in the duration of the FECG changes and amplitude of the T-wave changes was obtained. Propranolol was found to completely abolish the FECG changes induced by isoprenaline, as well as by mild hypoxia. During severe hypoxia the FECG changes could not be abolished by propranolol. Our previous findings indicated that the hypoxic changes could be regarded as a sign of myocardial glycolysis. Thus, the present finding that even small doses of isoprenaline given to the fetus, initiates the same pattern of FECG changes corroborate this hypothesis. PMID- 33537 TI - Simulated discharge system of prescription and long-term drug treatment in a psychiatric hospital. AB - The drug sheets of patients resident in a psychiatric hospital for more than 1 year were reviewed. The simulated discharge system involving the re-writing of drug sheets every 12 weeks was in operation, but there was only a slight increase in prescription changes at the time of renewal; 35.4% of prescriptions had been unchanged for 1 year and 4.3% for 5 years. A high proportion of long-term prescriptions were for purgatives, hypnotics and neuroleptics. PMID- 33538 TI - Psychopharmacological treatment of psychotic children. A survey. AB - Controlled investigations on the psychopharmacological treatment of psychotic children are reviewed. Children with infantile autism might benefit from psychopharmacological medication when they grow older, e.g. above the age of 7 years. Learning might be facilitated when the psychoactive medication is able to inhibit psychotic preoccupations and idiosyncratic reactions. Schizophrenic and manic-depressive psychoses are rarely seen in childhood. A subgroup of the children with infantile autism might develop schizophrenic symptoms. Schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis in children are treated as in adults. Special caution must be paid to the toxic effects of imipramine. PMID- 33540 TI - Proceedings of the 26th annual meeting of the Societa Italiana di Neurochirurgia 24-26 November 1977, Rome, Italy. Abstracts. PMID- 33539 TI - Proceedings of the joint meeting of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons, the Nederlandse Vereniging van Neurochirurgen and the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Neurochirurgie in Berlin, May 3-6, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 33541 TI - Pathophysiology and pharmacology of angina pectoris. PMID- 33542 TI - Assay and properties of IgA protease of Streptococcus sanguis. AB - An assay procedure for streptococcal IgA protease is described which uses isotopically labelled human serum IgA as substrate. Enzyme activity was monitored by the radioactive counts in the Fab alpha product, which was separated from other components in the digestion mixture by electrophoresis. Cleavage of IgA was linear with respect to time using catalytic amounts of the enzyme. Km was calculated to be 5.5 X 10(-6)M, pH optimum 6.0-7.0 at 37 degrees C, and the enzyme was fully inactivated at low concentrations of the metal chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. PMID- 33543 TI - Effect of growth conditions on the antigenic components of Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli. AB - 1) The release of LTA from chemostat-grown cultures of S. mutans and L. fermentum is dependent on the generation time and pH. 2) The growth rate affects the immunogenicity of LTA and the wall polysaccharide of L. fermentum. 3) The growth of L. plantarum under glucose limitation influences the glucose content of the wall teichoic acid. The composition of the wall polysaccharide of S. mutans Ingbritt may also be changed under these conditions. 4) The conditions of autoclaving used to release cell wall antigens can hydrolyse the covalent linkage between polysaccharide and peptidoglycan. PMID- 33544 TI - Genetic alterations of Streptococcus mutans' virulence. AB - The use of mutants defective in caries-associated traits has enabled the genetic dissociation of agglutination from adhesion, the demonstration of serotype specific contributions of IPS to virulence, the importance of glucanohydrolase to virulence to a greater degree than to plaque formation, and the apparent lack of importance of agglutination to virulence. We have also been able to demonstrate the ability of plaque formation-defective mutants and other variants both to infect and to emerge, yet not to cause disease. Additional mutants, currently under study in our laboratory include fructanase, invertase, and sucrose permease defectives. Ultimately, the identification of key, probably surface-associated virulence factors will offer more potent and specific antigens for directed immune responses by the host. PMID- 33545 TI - Cow's milk allergy: pathogenesis, manifestations, diagnosis and management. PMID- 33546 TI - Studies on ionized calcium in serum and plasma from normal cows. Its relation to total serum calcium and the effects of sample storing. PMID- 33547 TI - The redox potential of growing cultures of Streptococcus bovis Orla-Jensen compared with other facultative anaerobes. PMID- 33548 TI - Society for Pediatric Radiology abstracts: 1978 meeting. PMID- 33549 TI - Protection against fatal endotoxin shock in mice by antihistamines. AB - Protection against endotoxin shock by antihistamines and similar pharmacologic agents has been reported in the literature. The authors tested the validity of this form of treatment by animal experiments which were conducted in three phases. During the first phase, 10 mice each were treated intravenously with various doses of gram negative endotoxin to determine the dose of endotoxin which would kill 80% of the animals (LD80). This dose was determined to be 36 mg/kg bodyweight. During the second phase, 10 mice each were pretreated with various doses of either diphenhydramine (Benadryl) or of hydroxyzine HCI (Atarax) one hour prior to the administration of the LD80 of endotoxin. It appeared that high doses of diphenhydramine as well as of hydroxyzine were highly fatal to most animals by causing severe convulsions within 3 to 6 hours at doses of 40 or 50 mg/kg. Doses of less than 1 mg/kg appeared to have no protective effect, while doses of 2.5 and of 5 mg/kg, given one hour prior to the LD80 of endotoxin, had some protective value. In the case of diphenhydramine, 60% of the animals survived with 5 mg/kg pretreatment. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride protected 100% of the 10 animals so treated during the initial experiment and 90% during a subsequent experiment, if given 1 hour before the endotoxin. The third phase of this experiment was designed to determine the optimal time at which hydroxyzine needs to be given to protect against fatal endotoxin shock. Given 6 hours before endotoxin, hydroxyzine appeared to protect half of the animals, 1 hour prior to endotoxin, 5 mg/kg of hydroxyzine protected 90% of animals; if given simultaneously, it protected all animals. When hydroxyzine was given 1 hour after endotoxin there was a 70% survival and, if given 3 hours after endotoxin, a 40% survival. PMID- 33550 TI - Modified method for determination of urinary benzidine. PMID- 33551 TI - Penicillin-insensitive pneumococci. Case report and review. AB - Infections due to pneumococci with decreased susceptibility (or resistance) to penicillin have been infrequently recognized. Our experience and that of others suggest that (1) penicillin susceptibility testing of significant pneumococcal isolates should become routine; (2) penicillin may not be adequate therapy for CNS infections due to pneumococci whose penicillin minimal inhibitory concentration is greater than 0.1 microgram/ml; and (3) long-term penicillin "prophylaxis" may be inappropriate in the splenectomized patient in areas where these organisms are prevalent. PMID- 33552 TI - Hemolysis during salicylazosulfapyridine therapy. AB - In 36 unselected patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease taking 4.5-6 gm. salicylazosulfapyridine per day the incidence of hemolysis and its relation to the serum level of salicylazosulfapyridine (Salazopyrin, Azulfidline, SASP), free sulfapyridine (SP) and acetyl sulfapyridine (ac-SP) was investigated. In 19 patients hemolysis was present. Serum levels of free SP were significantly higher in these patients (P less than 0.001). All patients with a serum SP level higher than 37 microgram./ml. had hemolysis as compared to only four of 21 patients with a serum SP level below 37 microgram./ml. Four patients had evidence of hemolytic anemia. In these patients the serum SP level was higher than 55 microgram./ml. Eighteen of the 19 patients with hemolysis were slow acetylators while six of the 17 patients without hemolysis belonged to the slow acetylator phenotype. PMID- 33553 TI - The parotid and the pancreas. VI. Clinical and physiologic associations between the pancreas and parotid glands. PMID- 33554 TI - Beta hemolytic streptococcal endocarditis: predominance of non-group A organisms. AB - Identification of beta hemolytic streptococci (BHS) as group A or non-group A on the basis of bacitracin sensitivity rather than Lancefield serogrouping may lead to misidentification of the pathogen. In four recent cases of endocarditis due to BHS, the pathogens initially were identified as group A; Lancefield serogrouping showed all four to be group G. All four patients presented with a syndrome characteristic of acute bacterial endocarditis. Review of all cases of endocarditis at our institution for the past five years showed none due to group A BHS. In 166 previously reported cases of endocarditis due to BHS, 68 pathogens were serogrouped: 53 belonged to groups B, C, G, or H; only five were group A. Our four cases and review of the literature demonstrate the need for Lancefield serogrouping in serious beta hemolytic streptococcal infections, rather than reliance on bacitracin sensitivity. PMID- 33555 TI - Evaluation of regional myocardial perfusion and ischemia from coronary venous blood. PMID- 33556 TI - Monocytosis and agranulocytosis due to neuroleptics. PMID- 33557 TI - [The heart of the old hemiplegic patient (author's transl)]. AB - The heart of the old hemiplegic patient is examined as follows: 1. The preapoplectic situation of the heart which often induces in a conclusive manner the beginning of a stroke, 2. the occurrence of heart troubles with the stroke itself and 3. the influence of rehabilitation measures and the heart function. Preexistent heart troubles are very frequent (in ca. 80%). Thereby the hypertension with a left ventricular hypertrophy and later with heart failure play an important role. The stroke itself especially in subarachnoidal bleedings can cause severe electrocardiographic anomalies. The telemetric controlled heart shows specially while rehabilitation more extrasystoles and alterations of repolarisation but usually do not impair the rehabilitation. With a systematic rehabilitation (training) the heart is most favourably influenced. PMID- 33558 TI - [Follow up and treatment of pacemaker-patients in advanced age (author's transl)]. AB - Most of the pacemaker-patients are in the eight decade of life. The continuous follow ups of the patient with a pacemaker system have to reguard the often advanced age, the cardiac basic disease, other concomitant diseases and futhermore technical details of the device, the date of implantation and the expected longevity of the power source. The risk of the patient by pacemaker failure in the underlying rhythm disturbance can be estimated by short extinguish of the pacing activity. The additional medical treatment is determined by the findings and must be adapted to the mentioned circumstances. PMID- 33559 TI - [Peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment in hypertension of the aged (author's transl)]. AB - It can be noted, a consequently discovered and treated hypertension is one of the most important achievements of modern medicine within the last 20 years. The earlier treatment begins, the better it success of treatment in avoiding complications on the basis of arterio sclerosis and expectation of life. For elderly hypertensives it is particularly important, what is good in younger decades too - but in higher age the acute threat of life by hypertension is much more pronounced. PMID- 33560 TI - [Prevention and therapy of arteriosclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - Arteriosclerosis is caused by many factors. These pathogenic factors especially over-nutrition, nicotinabusus, deficiency of muscular exercise, muscular overstrain, emotional stress and concomitant basic diseases, especially arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia are the most important points for preventive and therapeutical action. When possible the risk factors has to be eliminated, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia have to be treated orderly. In the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis are known disturbances of the lipid metabolism, the blood coagulation and the metabolism of the arterial wall cells most important. Application of anticoagulants and lipid lowering medicaments did not come up to our expectations. Experiences with animal models and a double blind study (secondary prevention of myocardial infarction) have given good reason for recommending antirheumatic or as we like to say, mesenchyme suppressive drugs. PMID- 33561 TI - [The concept of the subculture of the aging reconsidered (author's transl)]. AB - This article reviews the concept of a "subculture of aging" (Rose 1965) and describes the conditions necessary for the development of a subculture. The discussion proves this concept to be ambivalent. On the one hand the term "subculture of aging" covers the acquisition of new age-appropriate roles, on the other hand it stresses segregation of old people from society as a whole. The results of some preliminary studies suggest that intensified age-homogenous interaction may indeed facilitate new patterns of behaviour among older people although they are relatively well integrated. Instead of the label "subculture" the more appropriate term of "partial culture" is proposed. PMID- 33562 TI - The influence of aging on the myosin type of the rabbit soleus and longissimus dorsi muscles. AB - The influence of aging on the myosin type, and on the fibre composition of both the slowly contracting ("red") M. soleus and the fast ("white") M. longissimus dorsi was examined in the rabbit. For myosin characterization isolated myofibrils were electrophoresed on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, and the fibre pattern within the respective muscles was analyzed with an immunocytochemical method. Antisera against either fast or slow rabbit myosin were collected from guinea pigs after longterm immunization. After incubation of the paraformaldehyde-fixed muscle thin sections the fibres containing either fast or slow myosin could be distinguished from each other by indirect immunofluorescence. The soleus muscles of 1 day old rabbits were composed of 25% slow and 75% fast fibres. In young-adult (5--8 mo.) rabbits the fibres were mostly slow (over 90%), while in old age (4--7 y.) again up to 50% of the soleus fibres contained fast myosin. In contrast, in the longissimus dorsi muscle constantly around 95% of the fibres contained fast myosin. In accordance with the immunocytochemical finding of an increase of fast fibres in the aging soleus muscle, the presence of fast myosin could also be demonstrated electrophoretically. With this method, soleus myofibrils from young adult animals were observed to contain virtually slow myosin only. No slow, but only fast myosin was identified in SDS-gels of longissimus dorsi myofibrils at all ages. These results are discussed in relation to the well known metabolic alterations occurring in the mammalian skeletal muscle during aging. PMID- 33563 TI - Age-dependent structural changes in human neuronal chromatin. AB - After partial digestion with micrococcal nuclease, DNA was extracted from nuclei of cerebral cortex neurons from young (23--36 y.) and old (78--85 y.) humans. The DNA fragments were subjected to gel electrophoresis, and their base-pair content determined. The nucleosomal DNA repeat length was found to increase from 170 (+/- 18) base-pairs in the young group to 199 (+/- 8) base-pairs in the old group. This increase of 29 base-pairs appears to be confined to the linker region of the nucleosomal DNA, since the core-DNA was always found to contain approx. 140 base pairs. In addition, the amount of nuclear DNA digested by the micrococcal nuclease was observed to vary with age: after 30 min. of incubation at 37 degrees C hydrolysis of up to 80% of the nuclear DNA in the young but only up to 60% in the old neuronal nuclei was achieved. The age-dependent increase in chromosomal DNA repeat length is a direct proof of alterations in the basic chromatin structure with aging. It cannot be decided, however, whether the change in DNA digestibility is dependent on alterations of the chromatin basic structure, its superstructure, or both. PMID- 33564 TI - [Comment on the creation of model hospices]. PMID- 33565 TI - [Possibilities and contraindications of manual therapy in geriatrics (author's transl)]. AB - Complaints of the locomotor apparatus increase in the old age. The arising of these disturbances is discussed and their effect to the locomotor apparatus with the clinical findings are described. The clinical findings are diagnosed by the methods of the Manual Medicine. The manual therapy enables the treatment of the reflectoric expression of these disturbances. The contraindications are mentioned. The "soft Tissue Technics" and the "Technics of Mobilisation" are of great importance for the treatment of complaints of the locomotor apparatus in the old age. Examples of those technics are described. PMID- 33566 TI - [Cardiac surgery in patients older than 60 years (author's transl)]. AB - If indicated cardiac surgery can be performed in geriatric patients with success. Among 525 own patients there were 63 older than 60 years (12%), especially patients with stenosis and/or incompetence of aortic or mitral valve, instable angina pectoris, and certain congenital malformations (atrial septal defect). The poor prognosis of these diseases in the elderly must be compared with the higher early mortality in surgically treated aged patients. PMID- 33567 TI - [Treatment of leukemia in the elderly (author's transl)]. AB - The treatment of elderly patients, who suffer from leukemia must not be standardized. Impaired bone marrow function, cardiovascular disease and other organopathias require an individually adapted therapy. The aim of treatment should be a good quality of life and not a remission at any price. Aggressive therapy in cases of acute leukemia with little progress should be avoided in favour of symptomatic treatment. CLL are treated in the progressive state of disease. Haemolytic anaemia and recurrent infections may complicate the course of CLL. CML is not a disease of old age but when it occurs intermittent therapy with cautious dosage is preferable to a continuous therapy. PMID- 33568 TI - [Psychosocial aspects of institutional dying in the elderly (author's transl)]. AB - Especially in the elderly dying is less a somatic than a psychosocial act, which results from the relationship of institution, structur, professional staff, and patient. During the psychosocial dying occurs a continual death of identity, integrity, and relationship, which has the origin in station ideologies, insufficient training of the staff, psychiatric injudiciousness, and in the fail in death-contact. During a some years lasting research-work the different connections are inquired and the dangers of an over-subscribed theory of activity are represented. PMID- 33570 TI - Bylaws of the International Association of Gerontology (1978, revision),(Satzung der Internationalen Association fur Gerontologie (1978, Revision). PMID- 33569 TI - [Spa treatment in age (author's transl)]. PMID- 33571 TI - [New aspects in the treatment of elderly people with carcinoma of the urinary bladder (author's transl)]. AB - 50% of the patients with carcinoma of the bladder are older than 70 years. During the first examination a deep muscle invasion was found in about 60%. (Stages T3/T4. This situation makes forced surgical intervention in most cases impossible (e.g. radical cystectomy and segmental resection), therefore the transuretheral resection has to be the leading therapeutical procedure. During the past 10 years 80% of the bladder cancer patients were treated by TUR most ofter followed by external irradiation. The 3-year-survival rate now shows better results than before 1968 when TUR was performed in only 10% of the cases. During the period between 1968-1974 90% of the patients with superficial bladder carcinoma were still alive after 3 years, in comparison with only 52% between 1953-1967. The figures for patients with deeply invasive bladder carcinoma now shows 18% in comparison with 12%. The 3-year-survival rate for all stages shows an increase from 24% to 44%. Discussion of these results. PMID- 33572 TI - [New aspects pertaining to the Surgical Treatment of genital cancer in elderly women (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1960 and 1969, 7150 major operations have been performed in the gynecological departements of West-Berlin on female patients of 60 years of age or more. Of 6658 cases the case-history was at our disposal. In contrast to reports in literature, the largest group was that of 3111 malignant tumors (46.7%). The postoperative mortality of the entire group was 7.7%, in cases of malignant tumors 12.1%. Discussion on surgical methods for the most frequent gynecological malignomas, and on possibilities to reduce the postoperative mortality, as well as on some aspects pertaining to the gynecological geroprophylaxis. PMID- 33573 TI - [Diagnosis of breast cancer by contact thermography (author's transl)]. AB - Epidemiological studies performed in cooperation with the Austrian National Institute for Statistic show an increase of breast cancer in the age-group of women older than 50 years. Especially in this age-group screening for breast cancer is very important and successful. Mammography in this age-group is the most useful and accurate method. In the group of women aged less than 50 years and particularly less than 45 years the use of mammography for screening is limited because of its risks for the induction of breast cancer in young women. Therefore the combination of clinical examination and contact-thermography is a very promising alternative for the detection of breast cancer. In 133 cases of histologically proved breast cancer the high accuracy of this combination of clinical examination and contact-thermography in comparison with mammography is shown. Based on this good results a recommendation for a detection-scheme for breast cancer with a reduction of radiation exposure in young women by the use of contact-thermography is presented and discussed. PMID- 33574 TI - [Risk of anaesthesia in geriatric urology (author's transl)]. PMID- 33575 TI - [Disablement and needs among the elderly of several population groups in Switzerland (author's transl)]. AB - A preliminary communication is made about an epidemiolocial survey in Switzerland concerning the habits and problems of several groups of elderly under different life conditions. Special interest is given as well the aspects of health and competence in the activities of daily life as the question of disablement and need for personal aid. PMID- 33576 TI - [Guttman scales for impairment due to old age in average daily activity (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of 100 interviews with subjects aged over 65 Guttman scales have been calculated which make it possible to quantitate the degree of competence in two activities, namely house work and mobility. PMID- 33577 TI - [Assessing functional health and sociability of aged persons: the development and validation of two guttman-scales (author's transl)]. AB - Studies to develop and validate two Guttman-scales are reported, which aim at measuring level of functional health and inclination to engage in social contacts in aged persons. A first scale analysis, based on the answers of 150 old persons, resulted in two, 12-item scales, which according to Guttman's criterion were fully satisfying. In two consecutive studies Guttman-selfratings of two other samples of old people were validated against ratings of experts, who disposed of profound knowledge of the sampled persons (a physician of a nursing home, managers of homes for the aged). A second scale analysis was performed, too. The results, especially the very significant correlations between expert ratings and selfassessments, suggest a broader application of at least the functional health scale. It is proposed to use the scales, if one aims at increasing the fit between individual needs and amount of services provided, and as instruments to control for sample characteristics, if different care programs are evaluated. PMID- 33578 TI - [Socialpsychological aspects of sexuality in old age (author's transl)]. AB - In contrast to other existing studies, which mostly discuss the physical changes of human sexuality during age, this socialpsychological survey analyzes the existence and relevance of negative attitudes towards sexuality in old age and their relations to the sexual activity of older people. Though - according to the results of medicinal surveys - there is no biological limit for a satisfactory sexuality during old age, after personal interviews with 500 random sampled people the hypothesis was confirmed, that older people are often thought to be asexual. Especially older women, who in most cases have no more sexual relations, often believed sexuality in age to be inappropriate, indecent, perverse or even sinful. More than that it could be shown, that sexual inactivity of older people cannot be explained by detoriation of old age only - like illness or loss of partner -, but that the normative evaluation of sexuality is probably an important determinant also. PMID- 33579 TI - Psychopharmacology with adolescents: a current review. PMID- 33580 TI - Enzymatic determination of urea in serum based on pH measurement with the flow injection method. PMID- 33581 TI - Preconvention seminar of the American Association of Veterinary Anatomists. College Station, Texas, July 16, 1978. PMID- 33582 TI - [XII Congress of the European Veterinary Anatomists. Saint-Vincent. Italy, September 5-8, 1979 (proceedings)]. PMID- 33583 TI - [Analogs of L-ascorbic acid in oxidation-reduction reactions]. PMID- 33584 TI - [Early, late and distant results of surgical treatment of cryptorchism]. PMID- 33585 TI - [Usefulness of various graphometric methods in the evaluation of the neuroleptic threshold]. PMID- 33586 TI - Bacterial allergy in allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. AB - Nineteen patients suffering from allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma were studied for bacterial allergy with Staphylococcus aureus, Kelbsiella pneumoniae and Diplococcus pneumoniae. Allergy skin tests, provocative tests and the Migratory Inhibition Factor were employed. The correlation indicates to the authors that bacterial allergy is more important than bacterial "infection" as a cause of allergic rhinitis and asthma in many instances. This is often overlooked by practicing allergists. PMID- 33587 TI - Recent developments in chemotherapy of narcotic addiction, 3-4 November 1977, Washington, D.C.: proceedings. PMID- 33588 TI - Use of psychotropic drugs in treatment of methadone maintained narcotic addicts. PMID- 33589 TI - [Comparative trial of 2 antihistaminics: mequitazine and dexchlorpheniramine]. PMID- 33590 TI - [Limatus martiali Senevet and Abonnence, 1939 and Wyeomyia nigricephala n. sp. (Diptera, Culicidae) from French Guiana (author's transl)]. PMID- 33591 TI - 9th annual meeting of the European Thyroid Association. Abstracts. Berlin-4--8 September 1978. PMID- 33592 TI - Autosomal dominant neurological disorders. PMID- 33593 TI - Mechanism of acridine uptake by submitochondrial particles. PMID- 33594 TI - The kinetics of rat liver citrate synthase in situ. PMID- 33595 TI - Mechanism of action of a wound-induced omega-hydroxyfatty acid:NADP oxidoreductase isolated from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum L). PMID- 33596 TI - Cascade control of E. coli glutamine synthetase. I. Studies on the uridylyl transferase and uridylyl removing enzyme(s) from E. coli. PMID- 33597 TI - Cascade control of E. coli glutamine synthetase. II. Metabolite regulation of the enzymes in the cascade. PMID- 33598 TI - A homogeneous isoenzyme of human liver acid phosphatase. PMID- 33599 TI - Hysteretic kinetic behavior of beef liver pyruvate carboxylase. PMID- 33600 TI - Proceedings of the first international workshop on continuous tissue pH measurements in obstetrics--Heidelberg, March 10, 1978. PMID- 33601 TI - Fundamental basis of tissue pH measurement. AB - The first tissue pH electrode is described and illustrated and notable features are commented on. Calibration procedure is discussed particularly concerning the need for temperature control. Experience with early examples of the tissue electrode is described and its performance with an independent pH monitoring and recording system assessed. Attention is drawn to the fact that the electrode tip is immersed in a tissue fluid of uncertain composition and that the buffer power of the fluid must be of importance with regard to the reaction of the electrode to an acid-base disturbance. Acid-base status in man is still best described by the Henderson-Hasselbalch relationship and several features of this relationship are neglected by obstetricians intent on measuring only fetal pH. The need for careful animal experiments to determine the fundamental behaviour of the tissue pH electrode is emphasised. PMID- 33602 TI - Practical experience in the usage of a pH electrode. AB - A total of 57 continuous pH measurements have been carried out at the University Clinic of Gynecology in Graz since September 1976. In 41 cases diagrams were suitable for evaluation. In fetal distress the pH curves showed increasing waves synchronous with labor activity. A linear pH curve seems to preclude imminent danger to the fetus. A decline in the pH curve prior to delivery may be caused either mechanically or by fetal distress. PMID- 33603 TI - An evaluation of the continuous tissue pH electrode (tpH) during labor in the human fetus. AB - The subcutaneous tissue pH (tpH) of 31 fetuses has been measured continuously during labor using the tissue electrode designed by Stamm and adapted for fetal use by ROCHE Medical and Laboratory Systems. There were seven failures, 16 reliable readings, and eight erratic and low readings. Comparison of the reliable tpH readings with scalp capillary blood pH showed a correlation coefficient of 0.64 (p less than 0.001). Comparison of the last intrapartum tissue pH value and cord arterial blood pH showed a correlation coefficient of 0.86 (p less than 0.001). Difficulty in application of the electrode to the fetal scalp appears to be the biggest problem and this is also responsible for unreliable readings. Technical improvements and a substantial increase in the number of the available electrodes and accessory instruments are necessary before this procedure becomes a routine clinical tool in the delivery suite. PMID- 33604 TI - Continuous recording of fetal pH during labor. AB - 58 fetuses were monitored during labor, recording simultaneously F.H.R. U.P. and subcutaneous pH using an electrode by Stamm. The values of subcutaneous pH were correlated with 98 samples of capillary blood and 46 of umbilical vein blood. The correlation indices were 0.649 and 0.39, respectively. A selection of the 44 good quality records correlated with the corresponding 68 samples of capillary blood, gave an correlation coefficient of 0.95. The possible clinical use of this technique to monitor the fetus during labor is presently under discussion. PMID- 33605 TI - Clinical aspects of continuous tissular pH measurements of the newborn and the fetus. AB - The first results of continuous tissular pH readings in 58 neonates are presented. These results are compared with blood pH values and technical problems are discussed. The positive results made us proceed to sub-partu measurements. We finally give our opinion on the new ROCHE equipment and insist that it is not yet ready for routine use, but a promising tool for clinical research. PMID- 33606 TI - Continuous tissue pH measurement on the fetus during delivery. AB - Tissue pH values of 70 fetuses have been measured continuously during labor using the micro-electrode designed by Stamm. Significant correlation between continuous tissue pH and corresponding micro blood values can be shown. However, the relationship between patterns of tissue pH and capillary pH values seems not to be very constant. Therefore, the reliability of individual tissue pH measurements is still questionable. PMID- 33607 TI - First experience with continuous pH measurements on fetus during delivery. AB - First experience with continuous pH measurement is reported. It was possible to apply well calibrated electrodes to the fetal scalp in 22 cases. Of these 22 cases eight must be regarded as failures because of unstable values. Of the remaining 14 measurements, seven were of good (or acceptable) quality and seven of poor quality. The size of the electrodes and the excessive depth of penetration are probable reasons for these failures. An important condition for obtaining reliable pH values is a perpendicular position of the electrode in the fetal scalp. An indicator for correct position of the electrode appears to be the irregularity in the recording of the pH curve. Experience so far indicates that the pH electrode in its present form is not suitable for routine use. PMID- 33608 TI - Evaluation of continuous fetal scalp pH during labor. AB - Continuous monitoring of fetal scalp tissue pH was technically acceptable in 79.4% of 35 patients sequentially studied. Overall, the correlation coefficient (r) between the continuous pH readings and the intermittent pH values was 0.75. The accuracy improved greatly in the latter 23 patients. This was probably due to improved skills of the operators but also to a revision of the calibration technique. The correlation coefficient in these 23 patients was 0.82, and 87% of the records were accurate. The mean monitoring time was 2.39 h and eight infants were monitored throughout delivery and post natal. Although good results were obtained in this study, the method still demands technical skill in order to achieve clinically useful results. PMID- 33609 TI - Clinical evaluation of tissue pH monitoring during labor. Second series of 61 cases. AB - A newly developed tissue pH electrode designed for continuous pH monitoring was evaluated in 61 fetuses during labor. The results obtained in this series confirm the reliability of this method. The correlation coefficient between tissular pH and capillary blood pH is 0.94. The correlation coefficient between the last intrapartum tissue pH and the umbilical arterial blood pH is 0.84. PMID- 33610 TI - Continuous fetal pH monitoring. Preliminary results. AB - Preliminary results obtained with the new subcutaneous pH electrode confirm the reliability of this method as far as the purely technical aspects are concerned. The routine clinical use is still burdened with several unsolved problems which should be worked out as soon as possible. PMID- 33611 TI - Analysis of sixty consecutive cases of continuous fetal pH measurement. AB - 60 consecutive fetal CTG-pH-registrations (cardiotocography with continuous pH registration) were analyzed in order to find the causes of the nonsuccessful tracings. Of the 60 tracings, 21 were of good quality, 16 partly successful, and 23 nonsuccessful. The monitoring for each patient had lasted for an average of 154 min with the range of 5--530 min. The quality of the pH recordings were not related to the duration of the pH observation, the maternal age and parity, or to the weight of the infant. If the electrode was applied too early (cervical orifice less than 5 cm) there was a greater risk of a nonsuccessful tracing. The drift of the electrode was less than 0.06 pH-units in 90% of the cases. The rate of nonsuccessful tracings is still too high and the difficulty in sterilization, calibration, and application of the electrode is still rather pronounced. At this moment the pH-electrode should be reserved for scientific use. PMID- 33612 TI - Continuous fetal tissue pH monitoring in labor with high risk pregnancies. AB - Continuous tissue pH monitoring was performed in 61 high risk pregnancies in labor. Useful data was obtained in 48 cases, and compared with fetal scalp blood pH and umbilical artery and vein blood pH. The relationshiip of tissue pH and fetal heart rate changes was analyzed. The tissue pH changes occurred within 2--3 min of the fetal heart rate change, and conformed to the expected fetal physiology of their heart rate pattern. PMID- 33613 TI - The effect of fibrin deposition on the sensitivity of the continuous monitoring pH electrode and on the recorded pH value: an in vitro study. AB - One of the problems concerning the continuous pH-monitoring technique is whether the relationship between pH measured by the electrode and pH in central and/or capillary fetal blood is constant. To test to what extent a fibrin clot deposited on the pH-electrode influenced the recorded value and the sensitivity of the electrode, the following in vitro study was performed. Fibrin was deposited on the pH-electrode by means of thromboplastin and fibrinogen, or by thromboplastin and whole blood. The deposition of a clot was verified by inspection of the electrode in a microscope. The time for stabilization of the recorded pH-value and the recorded pH-value was measured in standard calibration solutions before and after deposition of the fibrin clot and after decomposition of the fibrin clot by plasmin. FDP was measured in the decomposition solution. From the study it was obvious that the stabilization time of the electrode was considerably influenced by deposition of an "unphysiological" fibrin clot, less so if the clot was deposited by means of whole blood. The recorded pH-value was not influenced. PMID- 33614 TI - Experience with continuous tissue pH electrode in the human fetus during labor. AB - In our experience the method was reliable in about 80% of the cases. The unsatisfactory reliability in the remaining 20% was partly due to the electrode instability. This problem was solved by using the new type of electrode. It proved suitable for getting stable tracings for longer periods in all the cases we examined. We are unable to give an answer to the other problem regarding the absence of correlation in some cases between the tissue and the blood pH values, got through blood samples taken according to the Saling technique. In these cases, however, the tracing can be used for the recording of pH variations regardless of its absolute values. From our experience the main clinical indication of the method has been found to be in the variable decelerations with normal values of the blood pH. Using this method the frequent repetition of separate blood samplings would be avoided. PMID- 33615 TI - Clinical experience with fetal continuous monitoring by pH electrode. AB - Experiences about continuous measurement with the pH electrode are reported. Difficulties with the use of the electrode noticed when sterilizing, calibrating, and fixing it on the fetal head are discussed separately. PMID- 33616 TI - Continuous measurement of tissue pH in the human fetus. AB - The ROCHE pH electrode was tested clinically in 20 fetuses and one nonviable newborn with severe malformations. The proper fixation of the electrode in the fetal scalp is difficult. In the physiologic pH range a good correlation between capillary blood pH and tissue pH exists. The situation is less clear for the acidotic range. PMID- 33617 TI - ROCHE bibliography of perinatal pH monitoring with special reference to monitoring tissue pH. PMID- 33618 TI - Influence of sterilization and temperature changes on the in vitro characteristics of the pH electrode. AB - 1. When chemical sterilization (with Korsolin, Cidex) is performed, a minimal duration of sterilization of 3 h is required for asepsis. 2. Duration of Korsolin sterilization up to 3 h does not influence the in vitro characteristics of the pH electrode. 3. Sterilization with formaldehyde (24 h, 40 degrees C) is safe, but needs another 24 h restabilization time of the electrode. 4. The temperature dependence of the pH-electrode is minimal. With increasing temperature a slight decrease of pH measurement can be found (-0.02 pH units from 20--40 degrees C). PMID- 33619 TI - The relationship between tissue and arterial pH in hypercarbic rabbits. AB - Continuous tissue pH and intermittent central arterial pH were measured in six rabbits during 10-min exposures to a mixture of 10% CO2 and 90% O2. In control and recovery situations tissue pH was more acidic than arterial pH by a mean value of 0.07 pH units. During periods of rapidly increasing pCO2, the steady state relationship was inverted with tissue pH being more alkaline than arterial pH. After a second exposure to CO2, mean tissue pH values did not recover to baseline. It is concluded that in the rabbit during acute hypercarbia, the relationship of tissue to central pH is variable. The possible implications of these results in human fetuses during labor are discussed. PMID- 33620 TI - A study of the pH monitor in cats. AB - A study of the accuracy of the tpH electrode was performed in 10 cats. Hypoxia and acidosis were produced by ventilatory means and bicarbonate infusions were used to elevate the pH . Tissue pH correlated well with arterial (r = 0.9) within the physiological rates of change of pH. Prolonged tissue acidosis lead to eventual death. The correct and stable mechanical fixation of the pH electrode is a critical factor in assuring accurate results. The ROCHE tpH electrode accurately reflects arterial pH, and a correlation coefficient of at least 0.85 should be attainable in the human fetus. PMID- 33621 TI - In vivo performance of the pH tissue electrode during acute acid-base changes in the dog. AB - The ROCHE tissue pH-electrode was tested in acute animal experiments under various metabolic conditions. In anesthetized dogs an electrode was placed in the subcutaneous tissue of the scalp, neck, and axilla. Simultaneous with the continuous measurement of tissue pH, the overall acid-base balance of the animal was measured discontinuously at 5-min intervals by means of indwelling arterial and venous catheters. Various forms of acidosis and hypoxia were produced in the experimental animal and the sensitivity of the electrodes in relation to their site was tested. A high correlation between the continuously measured tissue pH values and the corresponding arterial and venous actual blood pH values were found in the physiologic pH range. With acute changes of acid-base balance no correlation could be found in the acidotic range. PMID- 33622 TI - Continuous pH-measurement on anesthetized patients. AB - 43 patients under general anesthesia were monitored by continuous tissue pH measurement and intermittent micro-blood-samples. The values obtained for the capillary pH and tissue pH were correlated. A highly significant correlation was found between tissular pH and capillary pH. Different methods of general anesthesia apparently do not influence the continuous tissue pH measurement. PMID- 33623 TI - Application technique of tissue pH electrode on human fetuses. AB - The application technique of a newly developed tissue pH electrode designed for continuous pH monitoring is described. Some parameters are described as criteria of technically accurate records. PMID- 33624 TI - Clinical experience in the application of the tissue pH electrode. AB - Only after placing the pH electrode through an incision could its point enter deep enough into the tissue. The storage of the pH electrode in a reference buffer considerably improved the stability of the electrode. The ECG electrode is at present the weakest link in the realization of continuous pH measurements. Improvements should be effected mainly with the ECG electrode, the electrode cable and the application instruments. PMID- 33625 TI - A new application tool for the ROCHE pH electrode. AB - Using this tool the application of the pH electrode is nearly as easy as the attachment of a common ECG-scalp-electrode [3]. Visual control and lithotomy position is not necessary any more. The different tools are adapted to each other so that incision place and the tip of the pH electrode are automatically centered perpendicularly. The first results by using this tool promise to be successful. Time of application is short, the maintenance of the pH electrode is good and the application for the patient no longer disagreeable. PMID- 33626 TI - New instrument developments for fetal pH monitoring. AB - Recent technical improvements in the ROCHE fetal pH monitor have simplified its use and increased the proportion of useful and accurate recordings. These improvements include electronic changes to reduce static electricity, a new spiral electrode which stabilizes the pH electrode in the fetal scalp, improved incision tools, simplified applicator tools, and a total system for reducing pH electrode handling during calibration. PMID- 33627 TI - Improvements in the results with the continuous pH electrode due to technical progress: a comparison between two series of cases. AB - Our experience is based on 139 attempts of tissular pH electrode applications in the fetal scalp during labor and includes 119 records comprising 86 tracings of good quality and 33 tracings of bad quality. Technical progress in the electrode and application material allowed an increase in the good quality tracings rate (from 54.5--66%) and a decrease of the complications, particularly the numbers of broken electrodes (from 18 to 2.4%). PMID- 33628 TI - Principle and characteristics of the ROCHE tissue pH electrode. AB - A miniaturized probe for continuous measurement of tissue (interstitial fluid) pH is described. The electrode design follows closely the concept described by Stamm and co-workers. The pH sensitive tip has a length of 1 mm and is made of a Li-Ba Si glass of low electrical resistivity. The reference electrode with a capillary type liquid junction is an integrated part of the electrode assembly. This paper summarizes the important design features of the electrode and describes its in vitro characteristics. PMID- 33629 TI - Multicenter clinical trials of fetal pH monitoring in the U.S.A. AB - A multicenter collaborative study of the safety and clinical efficacy of the ROCHE fetal pH monitor has been started. A common protocol and reporting forms are used. As of April, 1978, 115 case reports have been received describing results with the latest hardware. The tissue pH monitor can be relied upon to monitor pH if the values are in the normal range. Comparison of tissue pH (tpH) with 146 capillary pH samples revealed 98% accuracy of tpH in classifying normal (greater than or equal to 7.20), but false tpH acidosis occurred in 6% of normals. Therefore, acidotic tpH values must be verified. Although six infants had some degree of trauma (small lacerations), there were no serious or permanent injuries. PMID- 33630 TI - Effects of pH on alpha 1-antitrypsin activity in premature infants with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The inhibitory and specific activities of serum alpha 1-antitrypsin (1-AT) at pH levels of 8.20, 7.45, 7.35, 7.25 and 7.15, were studied in 66 neonates with idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) and in 82 healthy neonates. In vivo pH values were also correlated in both groups with the specific and inhibitory activities of 1-AT. Comparisons between healthy neonates and neonates with IRDS showed that in the latter, the inhibitory and specific activities of 1 AT were lower, with every pH assayed, together with twice a percentual decrease from pH 8.20 to pH 7.15 in both activities. No statistical correlation was established in the in vivo pH of infants in both groups with the inhibitory and specific activities of 1-AT. Results suggest two alternatives. The first one related to a molecular structure different from 1-AT in infants with IRDS, and the second one regarding changes in 1-AT produced by partial breakdown or modified by hypoxia, acidosis or both. PMID- 33631 TI - [Myocardiopathies during pregnancy. Possible role of beta-mimetics]. AB - The authors report two cases of severe non-obstructive cardiomyopathy presenting at the end of pregnancy in young women treated for long periods and at high dosage with beta 2-adrenoceptor stimulants, prescribed for threatened abortion or premature labour. The circumstances of the presentation, the clinical prescribed for threatened abortion or premature labour. The circumstances of the presentation, the clinical picture and the course towards complete recovery suggest that this might be a pathological process different from "cardiomyopathy of pregnancy" and be an "adrenergic myocarditis" induced or made worse by these drugs. The authors deduce some simple preventive measures. PMID- 33632 TI - Telemetered EEG-EOG during psychotic behaviors of schizophrenia. AB - In an effort to establish correlations between abnormal behaviors characteristic of schizophrenia and simultaneous cerebral electrical activity, EEGs and electro oculograms (EOGs) were continuously recorded for 2 to 24 hours by radiotelemetry from 40 patients with schizophrenia and 12 normal control subjects. Trained observers recorded specific behavior patterns permitting visual and computer analysis of EEG during hallucinations, stereotypy, catatonia, psychomotor blocking, and other characteristic manifestations of schizophrenia. Electroencephalographic abnormalities consisting of focal slow or spike activity over either temporal region were found in nearly half of the patients so recorded. In contrast to the EEG during ictal episodes of epilepsy, the abnormal wave forms of schizophrenic patients seldom coincided with episodes of blocking, stereotypy, or other abnormal behaviors. Increased extraocular activity or blinking were recorded in a majority of patients, but were not consistently associated with the abnormal behavior or perceptual events. PMID- 33633 TI - Alterations in cerebral laterality during acute psychotic illness. AB - A dichotic listening test was used to assess cerebral laterality in 26 right handed patients with schizophrenic, schizoaffective, or primary major depressive illness and in 23 controls. Clinical state was assessed by twice-daily nurses' ratings and patient self-ratings. Ratings of psychotic thought and behavior were lower during the week of highest laterality than during the week of lowest laterality (P less than .01). Similarly, when most improved, patients had higher laterality than when most ill (P less than .01). Changes in laterality were not specific to diagnostic group, were not present in control subjects, could not be related to direct drug effects, and were independent of changes in accuracy of performance. There were large, stable, interindividual differences in degree of lateralization, but no differences between patients and controls. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that in acute psychotic illness there is a breakdown in the interhemisphere inhibition that normally mediates cerebral laterality. PMID- 33634 TI - Bodily reactions to people and events in schizophrenics. AB - Schizophrenic patients were tested on psychophysiologic measures within their homes and in the laboratory. Sweat gland activity and heart rate changes when patients encounter novel situations such as life events, together with the home atmosphere generated by a critical or overinvolved relative, confirmed objectively the importance of previous social measures of these factors in determining relapse. Drug effects were also found to be modified by these social factors. Environmental and socially induced changes found in the home were undetectable in the laboratory situation. PMID- 33635 TI - Low-dose neuroleptic regimens in the treatment of borderline patients. AB - The use of pharmacologic agents in treating patients described as borderline generally has been accorded an insignificant, or at best, minor, role. We discuss this observation and review the literature that has dealt with this aspect of treatment. Diagnostic criteria are presented that appear to define a specific population of borderline patients who have been observed to be responsive to low doses of neuroleptic drugs. Five case histories of patients with conditions diagnosed and treated in this manner are presented, followed by a discussion of the implications of this approach in terms of clarifying the nosologic issues that have arisen around the "borderline" concept. PMID- 33636 TI - [Effect of food deprivation on various parameters of rumen juice and blood of sheep]. AB - In order to find out how short-time denutrition changes the concentration of some substances in the rumen fluid and the blood, tests with full-grown sheep were carried out. Fodder was withheld from sheep with inserted Jarrett fistulae for 48 hours after normal feeding. After 48 hours the animals were given concentrated fodder, after 52 hours exclusively hay. From the 72nd hour onwards the animals were provided with fodder as usual. Samples of the rumen fluid and blood samples were taken at the beginning of the test, after the last normal feeding and then in the 24th, 32nd, 48th, 52nd, 56th, 72nd and 96th hour. We could find out that, during the 48-hour denutrition, the pH-value of the rumen fluid turned alkaline and the concentrations of ammonia, volatile fatty acids and lactic acid decreased. The protein metabolism underwent a rapid change in the organism. The protein content of the blood plasma decreased, above all the albumin content, as well as the concentration of glycoproteins and volatile amino acids. Among the various amino acids, the concentration of glycine increased highly, that of alanine and valine just slightly. The concentration of most amino acids decreased or--of some of them remained the same. Among the paramters that are characteristic of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the total content of lipids and cholesterin decreased, and so did the concentration of blood sugar, lactic acid and pyruvic acid in the blood plasma. The results indicate that short-time denutrition has a considerable influence on the rumen fermentation and the intermediary metabolism of ruminants. The quickly arising lack of energy of ruminants slows down the protein synthesis and increases the glyconeogenesis from amino acids. The tissue is supplied with energy by the mobilisation of lipids. PMID- 33637 TI - Options in solute extraction: the Tutzing Symposium. An editorial introduction. PMID- 33638 TI - The Tutzing Symposium on hemoperfusion, dialysate and diafiltrate purification. An editorial introduction. PMID- 33639 TI - Clinical and technical aspects of hemofiltration. AB - The removal of uremic substances in hemofiltration, in contrast to hemodialysis, is achieved by means of a convective transport across membranes of high porosity. Since 1974, more than 30 patients with chronic renal insufficiency have been treated with regular hemofiltration three times weekly for four to five hours each. After completing a pilot study, a controlled study to compare hemodialysis and hemofiltration was initiated during January, 1978. A normalization of blood pressure in patients with severe hypertension, and remarkable stability of the circulatory system, even after dehydration in patients who had hypotension in spite of fluid overload, could be demonstrated. Hemofiltration is preferred, especially in older patients with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular problems, because of its lower frequency of hypotensive episodes compared to dialysis. An important aim--the miniaturization of the artificial kidney--has not yet been achieved, however, because of the necessity for an extensive monitoring system for the exact proportioning of the sterile substitution fluid. First results in the application of a fluid regeneration system consising of a charcoal cartridge and a bioelectric cell, for degradation of urea, are presented. PMID- 33640 TI - Inhibition by thiocyanate of lactoperoxidase-catalysed oxidation and iodination reactions. PMID- 33641 TI - Complement activation by Propionibacterium acnes and Bacteroides melaninogenicus. PMID- 33642 TI - Changes of non-specific phosphomonoesterase activity of the human dental pulp in health and disease. PMID- 33643 TI - Drug intervention in the management of aggression and explosive behaviour. AB - Disturbed patients provoke fear in those around them. The disturbance that I wish to discuss is the disturbance of the acute psychotic decompensation. I do not wish to deal with the drug intervention used in the management of people prone to aggressive outbursts as a chronic phenomenon. Rather, I wish to deal with those people who are in constant danger of acting on distorted perceptions or delusional ideas and may impulsively commit homicide or suicide, or mutilate themselves despite restraint. People in this psychotic state experience severe discomfort, and optimal treatment begins with the most rapid alleviation of symptoms possible. PMID- 33644 TI - Urticaria. PMID- 33645 TI - Contraception in the adolescent. Proceedings of a seminar held in Melbourne, March 10, 1978, by the Family Planning Association of Victoria. PMID- 33646 TI - Victorian child health seminar. PMID- 33647 TI - Colonic and oesophageal disturbance in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2b. AB - We report the illness of a 32-year-old male with the syndrome of multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2b, which comprises medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, phaeochromocytoma, oral mucosal neuromas and skeletal deformity. The patient also had evidence of ganglioneuromatosis of the alimentary tract, a finding which is held to be responsible for constipation and a number of the other gastrointestinal manifestations of the MEN, 2b. Dysphagia, which has not been previously reported in the syndrome was also present. Investigations of the oesophagus which included endoscopy, radiology and a motility study support the diagnosis of achalasia as the cause of the dysphagia. PMID- 33648 TI - Gastroenterological Society of Australia. Annual scientific meeting, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 33649 TI - The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Abstracts. PMID- 33650 TI - Keratoconjunctivitis sicca in dogs associated with sulphonamide administration. AB - This report describes the clinical characteristics of 14 cases of sulphonamide induced keratoconjuctivitis sicca in dogs. Two drugs, sulphadiazine and salicylazosulphapyridine, were associated with the disease. It is recommended that Schirmer Tear Test be performed regularly when sulphonamides are administered long term to dogs. The hypothesis that a nitrogen-containing pyridine ring is responsible for the lacrimotoxic effect is advanced. PMID- 33651 TI - News from Vienna. World Congress of the International League of Societies for the Mentally Handicapped, October 1-6, 1978. PMID- 33652 TI - Loose associations: straight and crooked thinking and the group of schizophrenias. AB - In this paper I hope to provide the basis for a discussion on logic, logical thinking and creativity in medicine, particularly in psychiatry. By way of illustration we will examine schizophrenia with particular reference to biochemistry, but the discussion will focus on semantic issues and philosophical concepts. These issues are of fundamental importance in the development of psychiatry both as art and craft. Thus the paper deals both with the study of madness and madness itself. The title of the address illustrates some forms of communication which occur in the schizophrenias. It includes references to other ideas, to formal thought disorder and illogical thinking, private puns, vague links, and pointers to other sources and authors, namely, Bleuler (1950), Ernest Jones (1959) and Thouless (1974). These are all contained in a loose framework, wherein reference is made to a key anomaly always found in, but by no means unique to schizophrenia. PMID- 33653 TI - [German Ophthalmological Society. Report on the 75th Meeting in Heidelberg 1977. Synthetic implants in ophthalmology]. PMID- 33654 TI - A comparative approach to protein- and ligand-dependence of the Root effect for fish haemoglobins. AB - Ligand-binding equilibria, kinetics and (13)C n.m.r. spectra of bound (13)CO, of the haemoglobins from two fishes that are very distant on the evolutionary scale, i.e. the fourth haemoglobin component from Salmo irideus and the single component from Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, were studied. The C-terminal sequence was also determined for the haemoglobin from Osteoglossum. The results show that (i) the C terminal residues of both chains are not directly responsible for the characteristic heterotropic effect known as Root effect, since for both fish haemoglobins these residues are identical with those of human haemoglobins. (ii) In all haemoglobins characterized by the Root effect a dependence of the (13)CO n.m.r. resonances on pH is observed. However, the extent of the shift(s) depends on the particular protein, and is probably the result of a combination of both tertiary and quaternary conformational changes. (iii) Both haemoglobins from trout and Osteoglossum manifest a functional heterogeneity between the two types of chains in the tetramer, which increases with proton activity. For CO, the effect is very small for trout haemoglobin IV, and very marked for Osteoglossum haemoglobin; for O(2) strongly heterogeneous binding curves were obtained at approx. pH6.2 with both haemoglobins. (iv) Estimations of the relative values of the affinity constants for the alpha and beta chains in the tetramer were obtained for both haemoglobins from (13)CO n.m.r. spectra at low fractional saturation. On the basis of these findings the molecular mechanism underlying the Root effect is discussed. PMID- 33655 TI - Histidine residues of zinc ligands in beta-lactamase II. AB - 1. The Zn(II)-requiring beta-lactamase from Bacillus cereus 569/H/9, which has two zinc-binding sites, was examined by 270 MHz 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy. Resonances were assigned to five histidine residues. 2. Resonances attributed to three of the histidine residues in the apoenzyme shift on the addition of one equivalent of Zn(II). 3. Although these three histidine residues are free to titrate in the apoenzyme, none of them titrates over the pH range 6.0--9.0 in the mono-zinc enzyme. 4. The ability of the C-2 protons of these three histidine residues to exchange with solvent (2H2O) is markedly decreased on Zn(II) binding. 5. It is proposed that these three histidine residues act as zinc ligands at the tighter zinc-binding site. 6. Resonances attributed to a fourth histidine residue shift on addition of further zinc to the mono-zinc enzyme. It is proposed that this histidine residue acts as a Zn(II) ligand at the second zinc-binding site. PMID- 33656 TI - Interaction of glutathione analogues with Hydra attenuata gamma glutamyltransferase. AB - gamma-Glutamyltransferase activity was studied in extracts of the cnidarian Hydra attenuata. The binding of gamma-glutamyl peptide analogues to the enzyme was studied by observing their effects on heat denaturation and their inhibition of p nitroaniline release from gamma-glutamyl p-nitroanilide. Neither position-1 analogues, in which the gamma-glutamyl moiety was changed to a beta-aspartyl (beta-Asp-Abu-Gly) or an alpha-glutamyl (Glu-Abu-Gly) linkage, nor glutamate protected the enzyme against inactivation at 58 degrees C. GSH (reduced glutathione), gamma-Glu-Abu-Gly and gamma-Glu-Met on the other hand did prevent heat denaturation. GSH and analogues of GSH were competitive inhibitors of p nitroaniline release, but those analogues in which glycine was replaced by 2 aminoisobutyrate, phenylalanine, leucine or tyrosine had Ki values that were approximately five times those of analogues with the cysteine residue replaced. PMID- 33657 TI - Microbial metabolism of amino alcohols. Purification and properties of coenzyme B12-dependent ethanolamine ammonia-lyase of Escherichia coli. AB - 1. The 120-fold purification of ethanolamine ammonia-lyase from Escherichia coli extracts, to apparent homogeneity, is described. Ethanolamine, dithiothreitol, glycerol and KCl protected the apoenzyme from inactivation. 2. At the optimum pH7.5, K(m) values for ethanolamine and coenzyme B(12) were 44mum and 0.42mum respectively. The K(m) for ethanolamine was markedly affected by pH, transitions occurring at pH7.0 and 8.35. 3. The enzyme was specific for ethanolamine as substrate, none of the 18 analogues tested being active. l-2-Aminopropan-l-ol (K(i) 0.86mum), dl-1-aminopropan-2-ol (K(i) 2.2mum) and dl-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol (K(i) 88.0mum) inhibited competitively. 4. Enzyme activity was inhibited, irreversibly and non-competitively, by the coenzyme analogues methylcobalamin (K(i) 1.4nm), hydroxocobalamin (K(i) 2.1nm) and cyanocobalamin (K(i) 4.8nm). 5. Iodoacetamide inhibited in the absence of ethanolamine, but only slightly in its presence. p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate inhibited markedly even in the presence of ethanolamine. Dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol (less effectively) restored activity to the enzyme dialysed against buffer containing ethanolamine. 6. Although K(+) ions stabilized the enzyme during dialysis or storage, they were not necessary for activity. 7. Gel filtration showed the enzyme to be of high molecular weight, ultracentrifugal studies giving s(20,w) of 16.4 and an estimated mol.wt. 560400. The isoelectric point for the apoenzyme was approx. pH5.0. inhibited enzyme activity at concentrations above 1m (95% inhibition at 3m) and sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated protein subunits of mol.wt. 61400. 8. Immunological studies showed that the E.coli enzyme was closely related to those of other enterobacteria, but only distantly to that of Clostridium sp. A double precipitin band suggested that the apoenzyme may be made up of two protein components. PMID- 33658 TI - Enhancement of the viscosity of mucin by serum albumin. AB - The interaction of serum albumin with a model epithelial mucin from pig stomach was explored by rotary viscometry. During 30 min of incubation of human serum albumin(20mg/ml) and pig gastric mucin (8mg/ml) in iso-osmotic buffers at 37 degrees C, the solution became markedly viscous. Viscosity enhancement was proportional to albumin concentration (2-40mg/ml), was most pronounced under conditions of low shear rate (less than 45S-1), and was considerably greater than the additive or multiplicative viscosity values calculated from albumin or mucin solutions measured separately. The viscous mucin-albumin complex was destroyed by high shear rates (greater than 90S-1), but slowly re-formed under zero shear conditions. Elevation of pH (7 to 9), ionic strength (0.1 to 1.0), and addition of disodium EDTA (5mM) did not cause marked or specific alterations in the viscosity of the mixture, suggesting that electrostatic interactions probably do not stabilize mucin-albumin complexes. Urea (7M) and heating (35 to 55 degrees C) caused a major increase in the viscosity of mucin and mucin-albumin mixtures, suggesting that rupture of hydrogen bonds, unfolding and partial denaturation of mucin promotes greater intertangling (possibly hydrophobic interactions) between mucin and albumin molecules. The implications of mucin-albumin interaction in diseases associated with mucus obstruction are briefly discussed. PMID- 33659 TI - Subcellular localization of gamma-glutamyltransferase in calf thymocytes. AB - The subcellular localization of gamma-glutamyltransferase in calf thymocytes was investigated and compared with that of alkaline phosphodiesterase I, alkaline nitrophenyl phosphatase, succinate-tetrazolium oxidoreductase (succinate-INT reductase) and lactate dehydrogenase after two different methods of cell disruption and differential centrifugation. Most of the activity was recovered in the crude membrane fractions (43.0%), but significant amounts co-pelleted with the large-granule (mitochondria) fractions (31%). The specific activity of the gamma-glutamyltransferase in the purified plasma membrane was 30-50 times that of the enzyme in the cell homogenate and had a similar subcellular distribution to the plasma-membrane markers, alkaline phosphodiesterase I and alkaline nitrophenyl phosphatase. It was concluded that gamma-glutamyltransferase was primary a plasma-membrane-bound enzyme, and that its location in other subcellular fractions was probably due to their contamination with plasma membrane vesicles. PMID- 33660 TI - Purification and properties of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase from the mollusc Helicella ericetorum Muller. AB - 1. A beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase was purified 330-fold from the digestive gland of the terrestrial mollusc Helicella ericetorum Muller. 2. Its pH optimum is 4.5 for both beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activities in two buffer solutions; it is fully stable at 37 degrees C for 2h in the pH range 3.8--4.6 and shows one isoelectric point (pH 4.83). 3. The estimated mol.wt. is between 120,000 and 145,000. 4. The enzyme shows an endo-beta-N acetylhexosaminidase activity on natural substrates such as ovalbumin, ovomucoid, chondroitin 4-sulphate, chitin and hyaluronic acid. 5. Two forms of the enzyme were separated by preparative polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 6. Km and Vmax. for p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside and p-nitrophenyl 2 acetamide-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside are 0.43 mM, 30.1 micronmol of p nitrophenol/min per mg and 0.19 mM, 8.6 micronmol of p-nitrophenol/min per mg respectively. 7. It is inhibited by Hg2+, Fe3+, acetate, some lactones, N acetylgalactosamine, N-acetylglucosamine and mannose. 8. Mixed-substrates analysis and Ki values for competitive inhibitors indicated that beta-N acetylglucosaminidase and beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activities are catalysed by the enzyme at the same active site. PMID- 33661 TI - Rabbit liver acetyl-CoA synthetase. AB - Acetyl-CoA synthetase (EC 6.2.1.1) was assayed in subcellular fractions of rabbit liver homogenates. The activity was located almost exclusively in the cytosol. There was no decrease in activity when butyrate or propionate (each at 5--20 mM) were added to the assay medium. PMID- 33662 TI - The structure of C-polysaccharide from the walls of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - The well-known immologically active component of pneumococci, C-polysaccharide, is a teichoic acid that can be isolated from the cell walls and purified by Sephadex and ion-exchange chromatography. Further details of the structure of C teichoic acid were established by chemical degradation, including hydrolysis in acid and alkali, treatment with HF, periodate oxidation and methylation. In addition, the use of 13C n.m.r. has confirmed some of these structural features and resulted in a proposal for the order of substituents, the location of positions of substitution and the configuration of anomeric centres in the repeating unit of the polymer. PMID- 33663 TI - alpha-Galactosidases II, III and IV from seeds of Trifolium repens. Purification, physicochemical properties and mode of galactomannan hydrolysis in vitro. AB - Five alpha-galactosidases (alpha-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.22) were identified by chromatography and by their different electrophoretic mobilities, in the germinated seeds of Trifolium repens (white clover). alpha Galactosidases II, III and IV were purified to homogeneity, with increases in specific activity of approx. 4600-, 4900- and 2800-fold respectively. The enzymes were purified by a procedure that included (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, hydroxyapatite, Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and preparative polyacrylamide-gel disc electrophoresis. The purified enzymes showed a single protein band, corresponding to the alpha-galactosidase activity, when examined by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The pH optimum was determined with o nitrophenyl alpha-D-galactoside and the galactomannan of T. repens To as substrate. All three enzymes are highly thermolabile. Hydrolysis of oligosaccharides and galactomannans was examined, including two galactomannans from the germinated seed of T. repens (T24 and T36). By sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis the mol.wts. of the multiple forms of enzyme were found to be identical (41 000). PMID- 33664 TI - Purification and properties of beta-mannanases I and II from the germinated seeds of Trifolium repens. Mode of galactomannan degradation in vitro. AB - Two beta-mannanases (beta-mannosidases, EC 3.2.1.25) purified from the germinated seeds of Trifolium repens by a procedure that included chromatography on hydroxyapatite, gel filtration on acrylamide/agarose (Ultragel 5/4) and preparative polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis. The final purification step completely resolved two beta-mannanases with distinct specificities, which were termed beta-mannanase I and beta-mannanase II. beta-Mannanase I was purified 1400 fold and beta-mannanase II 1000-fold. The purified enzymes showed a single protein band when examined by polyacrylamide-gel disc electrophoresis. beta Mannanase I, apparent mol.wt. 43 000, accounted for 49% of the total activity recovered from the final step of purification. beta-Mannanase II, apparent mol.wt. 38 000, accounted for the remaining 51% of activity. Molecular-weight determinations were by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and by the electrophoretic method of Hendrick & Smith [(1968) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 126, 155-164]. The substrate specificities of both enzymes were examined with the galactomannans of T. repens and of Medicago sativa, as well as with manno-oligosaccharides. The pH optimum was between pH 5.1 and 5.6 for both enzymes. PMID- 33665 TI - Subunit ratios of separated hybrid hexamers of Neurospora NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase containing complementing mutationally modified monomers. AB - The am1 and am3 mutational variants of the Neurospora crassa NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase show complementation activity in hybrid hexamers. A freeze-thaw hybridization method was used to construct hybrids from purified enzymes and the products were separated into species of different monomer ratio by affinity chromatography. Hexamers with am1:am3 ratios of 1:5, 2:4, 3:3, 4:2 and 5:1 were all recovered as resolved or partially resolved peaks in quantities approximating to a binomial distribution. Reassociation of monomers during the hybridization process was random, except for some differential loss of am3 protein by precipitation and an apparent absence of reassociated am1 homohexamers. Complementation activity was shown by hybrids of all five monomer ratios, owing to activation of am3 monomers by conformational constraints arising from the intrinsically inactive am1 monomers. The activating effect of such constraints was greatest in hexamers containing only a single am1 monomer and least in the 5 am1:1am3 species. When fully activated by L-glutamate all am3 monomers were equivalent in intrinsic catalytic activity, irrespective of the number of am1 monomers per hexamer. PMID- 33666 TI - pH-jump studies at subzero temperatures on an intermediate in the reaction of xanthine oxidase with xanthine. AB - Xanthine oxidase is stable and active in aqueous dimethyl sulphoxide solutions of up to at least 57% (w/w). Simple techniques are described for mixing the enzyme in this solvent at--82 degrees C, with its substrate, xanthine. When working at high pH values under such conditions, no reaction occurred, as judged by the absence of e.p.r. signals. On warming to--60 degrees C, for 10 min, however, the Very Rapid molybdenum(V) e.p.r. signal was obtained. This signal did not change on decreasing the pH, while maintaining the sample in liquid nitrate reductase, caused its molybdenum(V) e.p.r. signal to change from the high-pH to the low-pH form. These findings are not compatible with the conclusions of Edmondson, Ballou, Van Heuvelen, Palmer & Massey [J. Biol. Chem. (1973) 248, 6135-6144], that the Very Rapid signal is in prototropic equilibrium with the Rapid signal, and should be important in understanding the mechanism of action of the enzyme. They emphasize the unique nature of the intermediate represented by the Very Rapid e.p.r. signal. The possible value of the pK for loss of an exchangeable proton from the Rapid signal is discussed. PMID- 33668 TI - Ovalbumin digestion by human pepsins 1, 3 and 5. AB - 1. Of the three major human pepsins, pepsin 1 has greater proteolytic activity towards ovalbumin than has pepsin 3. Pepsin 5 has low activity towards this substrate. 2. Proteolytic pH-activity curves show only on pH maximum, about pH 1.4 for pepsin 1, pH 1.4--1.5 for pepsin 3 and pH 1.2--1.4 for pepsin 5. The curve for pepsin 3 has a shoulder between pH 2.4 and 3.4. 3. The rate of digestion of ovalbumin by pepsin 1 is approximately three times slower than are those of bovine haemoglobin or human globin. 4. The results suggest that there may be a physiological advantage in having more than one pepsin. PMID- 33667 TI - Synthesis of chloromethyl ketone derivatives of fatty acids. Their use as specific inhibitors of acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase, cholesterol biosynthesis and fatty acid synthesis. AB - A general route for the synthesis of chloromethyl ketone derivatives of fatty acids is described. 5-Chloro-4-oxopentanoic acid, 7-chloro-6-oxoheptanoic acid, 9 chloro-8-oxononanoic acid and 11-chloro-10-oxoundecanoic acid were synthesized by this method and tested as covalent inhibitors of pig heart acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase. The K1 decreased by approx. 20-fold for each pair of methylenes added to the chain length, showing that the initial stage in inhibitor binding occurs at a non-polar region of the protein. This region is probably located at the enzyme active site, since inhibition was prevented by acetoacetyl-CoA or acetyl CoA but not by CoA. The site of modification by chloromethyl ketone derivatives of fatty acids is restricted to a thiol group, since inactivation of the enzyme was prevented by reversible thiomethylation of the active-site thiol. In contrast, an amino-directed reagent, citraconic anhydride, still inactivated the enzyme, even when the active-site thiol was protected. Evidence that the enzyme thiol was particularly reactive came from studies on the pH-dependence of the alkylation reaction and thiol-competition experiments. Inhibition of the enzyme proceeded suprisingly well at acidic pH values and a 10(5) molar excess of external thiol over active-site thiol was required to prevent inhibition by 0.3 mM-9-chloro-8-oxononanoic acid. In addition to inhibiting isolated acetoacetyl CoA thiolase, in hepatocytes the chloromethyl ketone derivatives of fatty acids also inhibited chloresterol synthesis, which uses this enzyme as an early step in the biosynthetic pathway. In isolated cells, the chloromethyl ketone derivatives of fatty acids were considerably less specific in their inhibitory action compared with 3-acetylenic derivatives of fatty acids, which act as suicide inhibitors of acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase. However, 9-chloro-8-oxononanoic acid was also an effective inhibitor of both hepatic cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in mice in vivo, whereas the acetylenic fatty acid derivative, dec-3-ynoic acid, was completely ineffective. The effective inhibitory dose of 9-chloro-8 oxononanoic acid (2.5-5 mg/kg) was substantially lower than the estimated LD50 for the inhibitor (100 mg/kg). PMID- 33669 TI - Participation of cysteine and cystine in inactivation of tyrosine aminotransferase in rat liver homogenates. AB - 1. Inactivation of tyrosine aminotransferase was studied in rat liver homogenates. Under an O2 atmosphere with cysteine added, inactivation was rapid after a lag period of approx. 1h, whereas a N2 atmosphere extended the lag period to approx. 3h. 2. Replacement of cysteine with cystine resulted in rapid inactivation both aerobically and anaerobically. 3. Removal of the particulate fraction by centrifuging rat liver homogenates at 13,000g for 9min resulted in an aerobic lag period of 0.5h in the presence of cystine and approx. 3h in the presence of cysteine. 4. It is proposed that the stimulatory effect of cysteine on tyrosine aminotransferase inactivation occurs largely as a result of oxidation to cystine, which appears to be a more directly effective agent. PMID- 33670 TI - The regulation of extramitochondrial free calcium ion concentration by rat liver mitochondria. AB - The mechanism whereby rat liver mitochondria regulate the extramitochondrial concentration of free Ca(2+) was investigated. At 30 degrees C and pH7.0, mitochondria can maintain a steady-state pCa(2+) (0) (the negative logarithm of the free extramitochondrial Ca(2+) concentration) of 6.1 (0.8mum). This represents a true steady state, as slight displacements in pCa(2+) (0) away from 6.1 result in net Ca(2+) uptake or efflux in order to restore pCa(2+) (0) to its original value. In the absence of added permeant weak acid, the steady-state pCa(2+) (0) is virtually independent of the Ca(2+) accumulated in the matrix until 60nmol of Ca(2+)/mg of protein has been taken up. The steady-state pCa(2+) (0) is also independent of the membrane potential, as long as the latter parameter is above a critical value. When the membrane potential is below this value, pCa(2+) (0) is variable and appears to be governed by thermodynamic equilibration of Ca(2+) across a Ca(2+) uniport. Permeant weak acids increase, and N-ethylmaleimide decreases, the capacity of mitochondria to buffer pCa(2+) (0) in the region of 6 (1mum-free Ca(2+)) while accumulating Ca(2+). Permeant acids delay the build-up of the transmembrane pH gradient as Ca(2+) is accumulated, and consequently delay the fall in membrane potential to values insufficient to maintain a pCa(2+) (0) of 6. The steady-state pCa(2+) (0) is affected by temperature, incubation pH and Mg(2+). The activity of the Ca(2+) uniport, rather than that of the respiratory chain, is rate-limiting when pCa(2+) (0) is greater than 5.3 (free Ca(2+) less than 5mum). When the Ca(2+) electrochemical gradient is in excess, the activity of the uniport decreases by 2 fold for every 0.12 increase in pCa(2+) (0) (fall in free Ca(2+)). At pCa(2+) (0) 6.1, the activity of the Ca(2+) uniport is kinetically limited to 5nmol of Ca(2+)/min per mg of protein, even when the Ca(2+) electrochemical gradient is large. A steady-state cycling of Ca(2+) through independent influx and efflux pathways provides a model which is kinetically and thermodynamically consistent with the present observations, and which predicts an extremely precise regulation of pCa(2+) (0) by liver mitochondria in vivo. PMID- 33671 TI - Utlization of D-3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate for lipogenesis in vivo in lactating rat mammary gland. AB - Incorporation of D-3-hydroxy[3-14C]butyrate into lipid in vivo suggests that lactating mammary gland is a major site of ketone-body utilization. The incorporation decreases in short-term insulin deficiency (2h) and on starvation (24h), but increases again on refeeding (2h). The activity of cytosolic acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase parallels the changes in nutritional state, but is not affected by short-term insulin deficiency. PMID- 33672 TI - L-Threonine dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 33673 TI - Circular dichroism of Fusarium lipoxygenase from Fusarium oxysporum. PMID- 33674 TI - Scorpion toxin: specific binding to rat synaptosomes. PMID- 33675 TI - Alteration of human pancreatic secretions by pancreatic and ampullary carcinoma. A computer-aided analysis of isoelectric focusing patterns. PMID- 33676 TI - Conversion of high molecular weight CRF (corticotropin-releasing factor) or PRF (prolactin-releasing factor) into lower molecular weight forms by boiling at low pH. PMID- 33677 TI - Evidence from ATP synthesis driven by a proton gradient in Methanosarcina barkeri. PMID- 33678 TI - Activation of guanylate cyclase and inhibition of adenylate cyclase by cytotoxic preparations from marine sponges of Haliclona genus. PMID- 33679 TI - Titration curves of interacting cytochrome b5 and hemoglobin by isoelectric focusing-electrophoresis. PMID- 33680 TI - Ribavirin treatment in murine autoimmune disease. I. Therapeutic efficacy and effect on the immune response. AB - NZB/W F1 female mice were treated from 20 weeks of age with ribavirin (a broad spectrum antiviral drug), cyclophosphamide, or saline. Treatment with ribavirin (250 mg/kg twice weekly) prolonged survival from 9.8 to 18.5 months, reduced anti DNA antibodies, and prevented proteinuria. Ability of ribavirin to prolong survival was dose related when given on a twice weekly schedule. However, daily ribavirin (25 mg/kg/day) was as effective as higher intermittent doses. Optimal ribavirin therapy was equal to cyclophosphamide treatment with regard to prolongation of survival. Ribavirin treatment did not significantly alter the body weight, hematocrit, WBC count, serum immunoglobulins, or Coombs reactivity. No alterations in either cellular or humoral immune responses were noted in NZB/W F1 or BALB/c mice treated for prolonged periods with ribavirin. The impressive therapeutic response to a broad spectrum antiviral agent seen in mice already manifesting immune complex nephritis provides a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of autoimmunity. PMID- 33681 TI - Alteration of lymphocyte function in NZB/NZW mice. IV. Response to levamisole. AB - NZB/NZW F1 female mice received levamisole in an attempt to increase suppressor T cell function. Responses varied with dosage of drug and age of mice. When treatment with 25 microgram/gm doses (intermittent or daily) was begun at 12 weeks of age, nephritis was accelerated in spite of transient reduction of anti DNA antibodies. When treatment was begun at 4 weeks, or when doses of 250 microgram/gm were given, no clinical effects were observed. In the mice with accelerated disease, delayed hypersensitivity and antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes increased; antibody responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide were unaffected. It is possible that some increased immune responses associated with levamisole are undesirable in murine lupus. PMID- 33682 TI - [Action of some gastric antisecretory drugs on histamine H2-receptors (author's transl)]. AB - A series of compounds endowed with gastric antisecretory activity were examined for their possible effects on histamine H2 receptors in different experimental conditions. The data obtained suggest that, apart from cimetidine, all the other compounds are devoid of antagonistic properties on H2 receptors. The inhibitory effect observed in some of the examined preparations is probably connected with unspecific actions. PMID- 33683 TI - [President's opening address at the Administrative Session of the Annual College Assembly]. PMID- 33684 TI - [Mechanism of action of 8-N-phenethyl-1-oxa-2-oxo-3,8-diaza-(4,5)-spirodecane hydrochloride, a bronchodilator agent, on the isolated trachea of the guinea pig]. PMID- 33685 TI - [New beta-phenethylamine derivatives: Synthesis and pharmacologic properties]. PMID- 33686 TI - [Effect of decaspiride on the immunosuppressive action of prednisone, dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide]. PMID- 33687 TI - [Acute intravenous toxicity of decaspiride in the dog]. PMID- 33688 TI - [Effect of 8-N-phenethyl-1-oxa-2-oxo-3,8-diazaspiro(4,5)decane hydrochloride (decaspiride) on histamine receptors]. PMID- 33689 TI - [Cardiocirculatory and respiratory reflex changes induced by injection of solutions with acid pH into the femoral artery of the rabbit]. PMID- 33690 TI - [Triazolam: characteristics of its depressive action]. PMID- 33691 TI - [Effect of environmental conditions on arginine metabolism in Helix vermiculata]. PMID- 33692 TI - Proton and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance studies of ribonuclease T1. PMID- 33693 TI - Kinetic study of manganese association to demetallized concanavalin A. PMID- 33694 TI - Isolation and characterization of Ca2+-dependent modulator protein from the marine invertebrate Renilla reniformis. AB - An acidic, low molecular weight (18 400--19 100) protein capable of activating porcine brain phosphodiesterase in the presence of calcium has been purified 2700 fold from the anthozoan coelenterate, Renilla reniformis. The protein has physical, spectral, and chemical properties similar to those of modulator proteins isolated from mammalian species. Amino acid composition studies reveal no significant differences between the Renilla and mammalian modulator proteins. For example, we observed 1 mol of epsilon-N-trimethyllysine per mol of protein, no tryptophan or cysteine, and high levels of glutamic and aspartic acid residues. The protein from Renilla complexes with troponin I and T subunits in the presence of calcium and quantitatively replaces porcine brain modulator in the calcium-dependent activation of porcine brain phosphodiesterase. The protein has a high affinity for calcium as judged by the low levels of free calcium required for modulator-dependent activation of phosphodiesterase. The similarities in physical and chemical properties, high affinity for calcium, and identical calcium-dependent activities of this protein from Renilla (as compared with modulator protein purified from mammalian systems) suggest that a high degree of structural conservation has been retained in modulator proteins isolated from these diverse evolutionary forms. PMID- 33695 TI - Refolding behavior of a kinetic intermediate observed in the low pH unfolding of ribonuclease A. AB - A transient intermediate (I3) observed previously in the unfolding of ribonuclease A has been studied by employing a sequential mixing instrument to populate selectively this species. This approach has made it possible both to determine the refolding behavior of this species and to characterize further the kinetics of its formation. (1) Formation of I3 represents the earliest detectable change in unfolding. (2) The loss of the 2'CMP binding site occurs in parallel with the exposure of the interior of the protein to solvent. (3) I3 is distinct from previously described intermediates in refolding. (4) Overall condensation of the protein to exclude solvent from the interior, as well as the formation of a substrate binding site, takes place in approximately 30 ms (pH 5.8, 47 degrees C), indicating that the formation of native structure can take place faster than had previously been supposed. PMID- 33696 TI - Mechanism of association of a specific aldehyde "transition-state analogue" to the active site of alpha-chymotrypsin. PMID- 33697 TI - 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase: use of a spin-labeled probe to study acyl coenzyme A binding. PMID- 33698 TI - Reactivity of the imino acids formed in the amino acid oxidase reaction. AB - The reactivity of the imino acids formed in the D- or L-amino acid oxidase reaction was studied. It was found that: (1) When imino acids reacted with the alpha-amino group of glycine or other amino acids, transimination yielded derivatives less stable to hydrolysis than the parent imino acids. In contrast, when imino acids reacted with the epsilon-amino group of lysine or other primary amines, transimination yielded derivatives more stable to hydrolysis than the parent imino acids. (2) Imino acids react rapidly with hydrazine and semicarbazide, forming stable hydrazones and semicarbazones. At pH 7.7, the rate of reaction of the imino acid analogue of leucine with semicarbazide was 10(4) times greater than that of the corresponding keto acid. The reaction of imino acids with these reagents is rapid enough to permit one to follow spectrophotometrically the amino acid oxidase reaction. Imino acids also reacted with cyanide to yield stable adducts. (3) The rate of hydrolysis of the imino acid analogue of leucine was independent of pH above pH 8.5. At lower pH values, the rate of hydrolysis increased with decreasing pH. At 25 degrees C and in the absence of added amino compounds, this imino acid had a half-life of 22 s at pH 8.5. Its half-life was 9.9 s at pH 7.9. PMID- 33699 TI - Enzymatic resynthesis of the hydrolyzed peptide bond(s) in ribonuclease S. PMID- 33700 TI - Proton electrochemical gradient in Escherichia coli cells and its relation to active transport of lactose. PMID- 33701 TI - 1H NMR and ESR studies of oxidized cytochrome c551 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Near neutral pH, Fe(III) cytochrome c551 exhibits an ESR absorption due primarily to a single species with g values of 3.24, 2.06, and 1.48. These g values are somewhat different from those of horse heart cytochrome c and can be interpreted by the generalizations of Brautigan et al. [(1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 574] to be due to Fe binding by the imidazole anion of histidine rather than by neutral imidazole. The NMR spectrum of Fe(III) cytochrome c551 exhibits a number of hyperfine-shifted peaks whose pattern shows similarities to but many differences from that of horse heart cytochrome c. Variation in shifts of some of the peaks in the pH range 5--9 is ascribed to ionization of a somewhat buried propionic acid side chain (pK = 5.8) and to ionization of the N-terminal NH3+ group (pK = 7.7). At alkaline pH greater than 9.4, as shown by a variety of optical and ESR spectral changes, the Met-61 S ligand is replaced by other ligands. PMID- 33702 TI - Mechanism of serine hydroxymethylase catalyzed cleavage of L-erythro-beta phenylserine: pH dependence of elementary kinetic processes from spectroscopic, pre-steady kinetic, and competitive inhibition studies. PMID- 33703 TI - Investigation of the pre-steady-state kinetics of fructose bisphosphatase by employment of an indicator method. AB - The pre-steady-state kinetics for the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate by rabbit liver fructose bis-phosphatase have been investigated by stopped-flow kinetics utilizing an acid-base indicator method that permits the continuous monitoring of the inorganic phosphate product. The reaction sequence is characterized by two successive first-order steps followed by establishment of the steady-state rate. The first exponential process results from a conformational change in the protein that is dye sensitive owing to a perturbation of an acidic residue on the protein. A second process reflects the rapid initial turnover of all four subunits of the enzyme with the concomitant release of inorganic phosphate followed by the rate-limiting step of the catalytic cycle. This latter step may involve a product release (fructose 6 phosphate) or a second conformational change. The catalytic cycle ends with decay of the enzyme to its initial unreactive resting state. PMID- 33704 TI - Application of the pH-jump method to the titration of tyrosine residues in bovine alpha-lactalbumin. AB - A stopped-flow technique has been developed for the zero-time spectrophotometric titration of tyrosine residues in the purely native or in the purely alkaline denatured state of alpha-lactalbumin that undergoes an alkaline conformational transition in the pH region of tyrosine ionization. The progressive absorption change at 298 nm caused by a pH jump from neutral pH is shown to result from the change in ionization of the tyrosine residues brought about by a first-order process of the conformational transition. Extrapolation to zero time gives the titration curve for purely native alpha-lactalbumin. Similarly, the pH jump from highly alkaline pH gives the titration curve for the purely alkaline denatured protein. The method should be generally applicable to other proteins that contain tyrosines. Analysis of the titration curves suggests that the four tyrosines in native alpha-lactalbumin have pK values of 10.5, 11.8, 11.8, and 12.7, respectively. After the alkaline transconformation, all of them become titrated normally with a pK value of 10.3. A comparison of these results with the ionization behavior of tyrosines in hen egg white and human lysozymes is presented and discussed in terms of differences in the sequences of the proteins. PMID- 33705 TI - Conformations of denatured and renatured ovotransferrin. AB - Conformational properties of native, denatured, and renatured ovotransferrin were studied. The samples were denatured either in 7.2 M urea or in acidic (pH 3.0) conditions for periods up to a few hours. Combined data from quasielastic light scattering and transient electric birefringence were used to estimate the molecular dimensions under the various conditions. The native ovotransferrin is best described as a prolate ellipsoid with a major axis a = 68 A and a minor axis b = 21 A. Such an ellipsoidal shape is consistent with a globular particle where the solvation factor is approximately 0.28 mg/mg of solute. The urea-denatured sample was more expanded and more globular than the native sample. This observation was supported by a decrease in helical content, which was shown using circular dichroism data. Complete recovery of conformation and capacity to form a colored complex with Fe3+ seemed to occur with the simple dilution of urea or by adjustment of the low pH sample to pH 7.3. PMID- 33706 TI - Reduction of methemerythrin by deoxymyoglobin: a protein-protein redox reaction not involving electron-transfer proteins. AB - The stoichiometry and kinetics of reaction of methemerythrin with the deoxy forms of myoglobin and hemoglobin have been examined at I = 0.2 M and 25 degrees C. One mole of methemerythrin (on the basis of the monomer unit containing two irons) reacts with 2 mol of deoxymyoglobin and with 0.5 mol of deoxyhemoglobin. All reactions are second order. Rate constants for reaction with deoxymyoglobin are 0.25 M-1s-1 (Phascolopsis gouldii) and 5.6 M-1s-1 (Themiste pyroides) at pH 6.3. There is little effect of raising the ionic strength to 1.35 M and only a small decrease in rate when the pH is adjusted to 8.2. The rate constant for reaction of deoxyhemoglobin with P. gouldii methemerythrin is approximately 0.1 M-1s-1 at pH 6.3. Metmyohemerythrin from T. pyroides reacts slightly slower than the octamer form (k = 2.0 M-1s-1 at pH 6.3 and 7.0). Oxymyoglobin is converted to metmyoglobin by methemerythrin. The electron-transfer path is discussed and a self-exchange rate constant for hemerythrin assessed as 10(-3) M-1s-1 on the basis of Marcus's theory. PMID- 33707 TI - Characterization of the in vitro reassembly of tubulin derived from stable Strongylocentrotus purpuratus outer doublet microtubules. PMID- 33708 TI - Sugar transport in Coprinus cinereus. AB - Two transport systems for glucose were detected: a high affinity system with a Km of 27 muM, and a low affinity system with a Km of 3.3 mM. The high affinity system transported glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (Km = 26 muM), 3-O-methylglucose (Km = 19 muM), D-glucosamine (Km = 652 muM), D-fructose (Km = 2.3 mM) and L sorbose (Km = 2.2 mM). All sugars were accumulated against concentration gradients. The high affinity system was strongly or completely inhibited by N ethylmaleimide, quercetin, 2,4-dinitrophenol and sodium azide. The system had a distinct pH optimum (7.4) and optimum temperature (45 degrees C). The low affinity system transported glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (Km = 7.5 mM), and 3-O methylglucose (Km = 1.5 mM). Accumulation again occurred against a concentration gradient. The low affinity system was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, quercetin and 2,4-dinitrophenol, but not by sodium azide. The rate of uptake by the low affinity system was constant over a wide temperature range (30--50 degrees C) and was not much affected by pH; but as the pH of the medium was altered from 4.5 to 8.9 a co-ordinated increase in affinity for 2-deoxy-D-glucose (from 52.1 mM to 0.3 mM) and decrease in maximum velocity (by a factor of five) occurred. Both uptake systems were present insporelings germinated in media containing sodium acetate as sole carbon source. Only the low affinity system could initially be demonstrated in glucose-grown tissue, although the high affinity system was restored by starvation inglucose-free medium. The half-ti me for restoration of high affinity activity was 3.5 min and the process was unaffected by cycloheximide. Addition of glucose to an acetate-grown culture inactivated the high affinity system with a half-life of 5--7.5 s. Addition of cycloheximide to an acetate-grown culture caused decay of the high affinity system with a half life of 80 min. Regulation is thus thought to depend on modulation of protein activity rather than synthesis, and the kinetics of glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 3-O-methylglucose uptake would be consistent with there being a single carrier showing negative co-operativity. Analysis of transport defective mutants revealed defects in both transport systems although the mutants used were alleles of a single gene. It is concluded that this gene (the ftr cistron) is the structural gene for an allosteric molecule which serves both transport systems. PMID- 33709 TI - How do ionic channel properties depend on the structure of polyene antibiotic molecules? AB - A study has been made of the properties of ionic channels formed in phospholipid cholesterol bilayers by polyene antibiotics of various molecular structures. Properties of channels created by natural antibiotics with different structures of the lactone ring (amphotericin B-nystatin-mycoheptin) as well as by some derivatives of amphotericin B modified with respect to the amino and carboxyl groups are compared. Neutralization of one or both charges of the amphotericin B molecule (both by chemical modification and by pH shift) increases the probability of the channel to be in a nonconducting state. An increase of cholesterol concentration in the membrane produces an opposite effect. It is assumed that the electrostatic interaction of the amino group of an antibiotic molecule with the carboxyl group of an adjacent one stabilized the channel. Conductance and selectivity of an open channel are not influenced by changes in the charged groups. These properties strongly depend on the structure of the polar chain of the lactone ring. For example, the appearance of one more carbonyl group in the mycoheptin molecule results in a sharply decreasing anion permeability of channels. An antibiotic concentration which is necessary to observe single channels depends on the polyene chain structure: this is about 10( 7) M for tetraene nystatin and 2.10(-8) M for heptaene amphotericin B an mycoheptin. PMID- 33710 TI - Identification of gamma-like DNA polymerase from sea urchin embryos. AB - A gamma-like DNA polymerase devoid of DNA polymerase-alpha and -beta activities was prepared from the nuclear fraction of blastulae of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. The enzyme sedimented at the position of an approximate sedimentation coefficient of 3.3 S under high salt conditions by sucrose gradient centrifugation. An isoelectric point was determined to be pH 5.8. The enzyme activity was sensitive to sulfhydryl blocking reagents. Poly(rA) . oligo(dT)12--18 followed by poly(dA) . oligo(dT)12--18 was effectively utilized as a template-primer. From the above results, this polymerase seems to resemble the vertebrate DNA polymerase-gamma. PMID- 33711 TI - Amidination of amino groups of aldehyde reductase from human liver. AB - Amidination of human liver aldehyde reductase (alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.2) with monofunctional n-alkane methylimidates increased the enzymic activity by 10--30%, whereas analogous bifunctional imidoesters caused a loss of activity of about 80%. Both effects were prevented in the presence of the coenzyme NADPH or NADP+, but not of the substrate 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. Amidination increased the apparent Michaelis constant of both the coenzyme (up to 20-fold) and the substrate (about 5-fold). Bifunctional imidoesters with at least 4 carbon atoms between the functional groups (approx. 0.7 nm) crosslinked the enzyme intramolecularly. This reaction was retarded in the presence of the coenzyme, whereas 4-nitrobenzaldehyde had no effect. The results suggest the presence of reactive amino groups at the coenzyme binding site of aldehyde reductase. PMID- 33712 TI - Exchange of free and bound coenzyme of flavin enzymes studied with [14C]FAD. AB - The exchange of bound FAD for free FAD was studied with D-amino acid oxidase (D amino acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.3.3) and beta-D-glucose oxidase (beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.4). For a simple measurement of the reaction rate, equimolar amounts of the enzyme and [14C]FAD were mixed. The exchange occurred very rapidly in the holoenzyme of D-amino acid oxidase at 25 degrees C, pH 8.3 (half life of the exchange: 0.8 min), but slowly in the presence of the substrate or a competitive inhibitor, benzoate. It also occurred slowly in the purple complex of D-amino acid oxidase. In the case of beta-D-glucose oxidase, however, the exchange occurred very slowly at 25 degrees C, pH 5.6, regardless of the presence of the substrate or p chloromercuribenzoate. On the basis of these findings, the turnover of the coenzymes of flavin enzymes in mammals is discussed. PMID- 33713 TI - Glycosylation of kappa-casein. I. Localization and characterization of sialyltransferase in bovine mammary gland. AB - A sialyltransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:D-galactosyl-glycoprotein N acetylneuraminyltransferase, EC 2.4.99.1) which attaches N-acetylneuraminic acid to the terminal end of the carbohydrate chain of kappa-casein was found to be concentrated in Golgi apparatus-enriched fractions of bovine mammary gland. Maximum sialyltransferase activity was obtained at pH 5.5 and 37 degrees C in the presence of 1 mM dithiothreitol and Triton X-100. A Km of 0.19 mg asialo-kappa casein/ml (0.01 mM) was obtained for the sialyltransferase. Native kappa-casein also served as acceptor for N-acetylneuraminic acid transferase of Golgi apparatus-enriched fractions although at a slower rate than did asialo-kappa casein. The sialyltransferase has a divalent cation requirement for maximum activity which was best satisfied by the presence of 10 mM Mn2+. PMID- 33714 TI - Purification and properties of troponin T kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle. AB - A protein kinase (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) which catalyzes the phosphorylation of troponin T, phosvitin and casein has been purified over 2000 fold from rabbit skeletal muscle. The partial purification of this new enzyme, designated troponin T kinase, involves precipitation of contaminating proteins at pH 6.1, fractionation of the supernatant with (NH4)2SO4 and successive column chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite and Sepharose 6B. The chromatographic patterns on DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite columns show two peaks of troponin T kinase activity. Gel filtration experiments indicate the existence of multiple, possibly aggregated, forms of the enzyme. The purified enzyme does not catalyze the phosphorylation of phosphorylase b, troponin I, troponin C, tropomyosin, protamine, or myosin light chain 2 nor does it catalyze the interconversion of glycogen synthase I into the D form. Troponin T kinase is not affected by the addition of cyclic nucleotides or AMP to the reaction mixture. Divalent cations (other than Mg2+, required for the reaction) do not stimulate the enzyme, and several are inhibitory. Other characteristics of the reaction catalyzed by troponin T kinase, such as Km values for ATP and substrate proteins, pH optima, effect of the concentration of Mg2+, substitution of ATP for GTP have also been studied. PMID- 33715 TI - The activity of arylsulfatase A and B on tyrosine O-sulfates. AB - L-Tyrosine O-sulfate was hydrolyzed by pure human arylsulfatase A (arylsufate sulfohydrolase, EC 3.1.6.1). The rate of hydrolysis was 1/20 of the rate with nitrocatechol sulfate, but was comparable to the rate with cerebroside sulfate. The reaction was optimal at pH 5.3--5.5 and displayed zero order kinetics with time and enzyme concentration. The Km was about 35 mM. The enzyme showed no stereospecificity and hydrolyzed D-tyrosine O-sulfate with Km and V similar to those for the L-isomer. Arylsulfatase B was less than 5% as effective as arylsulfatase A in catalyzing the hydrolysis of the tyrosine sulfates. The daily urinary excretion of tyrosine sulfate by a patient with metachromatic leukodystrophy (arylsulfatase A deficiency) was comparable to the excretion by control subjects. The biological relevance of the tyrosine sulfatase activity of arylsulfatase A remains uncertain. PMID- 33716 TI - Affinity chromatography and separation of the molecular forms of monkey brain alpha-L-fucosidase on fucose-linked sepharose. AB - A simple affinity system which required coupling of alpha-L-fucose to Sepharose 4B by epichlorohydrin treatment of Sepharose 4B in the presence of alpha-L-fucose under alkaline conditions has been described. A partially purified preparation of monkey brain alpha-L-fucosidase (alpha-L-fucoside fucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.51) was resolved at pH 5.0 into two major fractions: one bound and one retarded. The enzyme bound to the affinity column and specifically eluted by 2 mM alpha-L fucose at pH 5.0 appeared to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was constituted mainly by the tetrameric form of the enzyme. The enzyme fraction retarded by the affinity column was found to contain mainly the monomeric form of the enzyme. Additional evidence for the different molecular forms of the enzyme in the bound and retarded fractions came from pH activity profiles and heat inactivation studies. The fucose-Sepharose appeared to bind the tetrameric form of the enzyme specifically and, further, alpha-L-fucose helped to retain the molecular integrity of the tetrameric enzyme. PMID- 33717 TI - Interaction of rat muscle AMP deaminase with myosin. I. Biochemical study of the interaction of AMP deaminase and myosin in rat muscle. AB - AMP deaminase was completely solubilized from rat skeletal muscle with 50 mM Tris HCl buffer (pH 7.0) containing KCl at a concentration of 0.3 M or more. The purified enzyme was found to be bound to rat muscle myosin or actomyosin, but not to F-actin at KCl concentrations of less than 0.3 M. Kinetic analysis indicated that 1 mol of AMP deaminase was bound to 3 mol of myosin and that the dissociation constant (Kd) of this binding was 0.06 micrometer. It was also shown that AMP deaminase from muscle interacted mainly with the light meromyosin portion of the myosin molecule. This finding differs from that of Ashby and coworkers on rabbit muscle AMP deaminase, probably due to a difference in the properties of rat and rabbit muscle AMP deaminase. AMP deaminase isozymes from rat liver, kidney and cardiac muscle did not interact with rat muscle myosin. The physiological significance of this binding of AMP deaminase to myosin is discussed. PMID- 33718 TI - Tissue-specific effects of divalent cations and activators on soluble guanylate cyclase. PMID- 33719 TI - Comparison of AMP deaminase from skeletal muscle of acidotic and normal rats. AB - The deamination of AMP by AMP aminohydrolase (EC 3.5.4.6.) serves as the major source of ammonia production in skeletal muscle. It has been suggested that the ammonia may serve either in a buffering capacity to combat acidosis due to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during prolonged muscular activity, or as a substrate for glutamine formation which can ultimately be utilized by the kidney in adapting to metabolic acidosis. In view of this proposal, the properties of the enzyme obtained from skeletal muscle of acidotic rats have been compared with the enzyme from normal muscle. The specific activity of AMP deaminase in crude homogenates of acidotic muscle was not significantly different from normal levels. The enzyme from acidotic muscle was purified to homogeneity and was found to be identical to the enzyme obtained from normal muscle by the criteria of electrophoretic mobility, pH optimum, molecular weight, sedimentation coefficient, subunit composition, amino acid composition, monovalent cation requirement, substrate saturation, and inhibition by ATP, Pi and creatine-P. Thus, if the enzyme functions to prevent acidosis, the ability to respond to changes in the intracellular environment which accompany acidosis must be built into the structure of the enzyme normally found in skeletal muscle. Three lines of evidence strongly support this viewpoint: (a) the rate of deamination is approximately 2-fold higher at pH 6.5 than at pH 7.0, (b) the activity increases linearly with a decrease in the adenylate energy charge, and (c) within the normal physiological range of the adenylate energy charge, the enzyme is operating at only 10--20% of its maximum capacity. PMID- 33720 TI - Destruction and resynthesis of mouse beta-glucosidases. AB - 1. Injection of a single dose of conduritol B epoxide into mice produced almost complete destruction of glucocerebrosidase (D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.45) in liver, spleen, brain, and kidney within 5 h. Restoration of activity became noticeable within 1 day (2 days in the case of brain) and was about 80% of normal within 16 days. 2. The same injection produced less destruction of aryl beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21), measured at pH 5.4 with methylumbelliferyl glucoside in the absence of taurocholate. Brain showed the least amount of destruction, about 50%, but measurements of activity at lower pH values revealed complete loss of activity. This suggests that brain contains two different aryl glucosidases with differing sensitivity to the inhibitor. Liver, on the other hand, did not show differential destruction when assayed at different pH values. Resynthesis of the enzyme activities was almost complete by 16 days. 3. Injection of phenylhydrazine produced hemolysis and spleen enlargement, with concomitant increases in specific activities of glucocerebrosidase and aryl glucosidase in liver and spleen (but not in kidney). When this experiment was done in mice previously treated with conduritol B expoxide, the reappearance of cerebrosidase was found to be accelerated. This is interpreted to mean that the increased load of glucolipids from the erythrocytes had induced an enhanced synthesis of the glucohydrolase. A similar explanation may apply to aryl glucosidase and glucopeptides in the cells. PMID- 33721 TI - Calcium-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Inhibition of basal activity by heat-stable factors from rat cerebrum. AB - The boiled supernatant fraction from rat cerebrum contained factors which inhibited the basal activity of a Ca2+-dependent phosphodiesterase from rat cerebrum. Two inhibitory fractions were isolated by DEAE-cellulose or Sephadex chromatography and were deemed proteins, based on their sensitivity to trypsin digestion. The inhibitory fractions eluted from DEAE-cellulose columns prior to the Ca2+-dependent activator protein. The inhibitory factors, unlike the activator protein, were stable to heat treatment under alkaline conditions. The inhibitory factors caused both an increase in Km for cyclic GMP and a decrease in V. In the presence of calcium ions and purified activator protein, the Ca2+ dependent phosphodiesterase was not inhibited by the factors, but instead was slightly stimulated. The inhibitory factors caused a slight apparent stimulation of a Ca2+-independent phosphodiesterase from rat cerebrum but this proved instead to be a nonspecific stabilizing effect which was minimicked by bovine serum albumin. After prolonged alkaline treatment, the purified activator protein caused a modest Ca2+-independent activation of Ca2+-dependent phosphodiesterase. The inhibitory factors antagonized the activation of Ca2+-dependent phosphodiesterase by alkaline treated activator protein or by lysophosphatidylcholine. The inhibitory factors had no effect on activity of trypsinized Ca2+-dependent phosphodiesterase. Of various other proteins, only casein mimicked the effects of the inhibitory factors on phoshodiesterase activity. PMID- 33722 TI - The hydration of a zwitterion, glycine, as a function of pH. AB - 1. The hydration numbers of glycine (concentrations 1--3 M), as a function of concentration, were determined by surface tension measurements, using octan-1-ol as a 'reference' substance. 2. The hydration number of glycine at the isoelectric point decreased from 17.7 to 10.7 upon increasing the concentration from 1 to 3 M. 3. The changes in hydration of glycine as a function of the pH are due to the difference between hydrations of the ionized functional groups (NH+3, COO-) and the added ions (Me+ A-). PMID- 33723 TI - Studies on lectins. XLIV. The pH dependence of lectin interactions with sugars as determined by affinity electrophoresis. AB - The pH dependence of association constants of the lectin-sugar complexes was determined by means of affinity electrophoresis. All the lectins studied (from the seeds of Dolichos biflorus, Glycine soja, Lens esculenta and Vicia cracca and of the fruiting body of Marasmius oreades) were characterized by a similar course of pH dependence of the association constants, with the maximum values at pH 7- 9. For concanavalin A and the L-fucose binding Ulex europaeus lectin only the association constants at three selected pH values were determined. Concanavalin A does not interact with immobilized alpha-D-mannosyl residues at pH 2.3. The association constants vs. pH curves measured for lectins isolated from two different lentil varieties slightly differ in accordance with the differences observed in the interaction of these lectins with the Sephadex gel. PMID- 33724 TI - Changes in the composition and properties of humic acids brought about by the action of microorganisms of the genus Nocardia. AB - The results of an investigation of the influence of microorgansims of the genus Nocardia on changes in the composition and properties of humic acids are presented. According to these data, the elemental composition and IR spectra showed different effects on the structure of humic acids after utilization of these compounds as a nutrient source for three and six months by microorganisms. PMID- 33725 TI - [Comparative biochemical studies of polyhedral proteins of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses]. AB - Using disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weights of polyhedral proteins of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPV) of Porthetria dispar, Mamestra brassicae, and Aporia crataegi were found to be 28000 +/- 3000. It was shown that NPV polyhedra of Bombyx mori, Galleria mellonella, P. dispar, and M. brassicae contain a protease. During dissolution of the polyhedra at pH 10,5 this protease specifically cleaves the matrix protein into 2--5 fragments. The amino acid compositions of NPV polyhedral proteins of P. dispar, M. brassicae, A. crataegi, Hyphantria cunae were shown to be very similar. It was found that tyrosine is a C-terminal amino acid of NPV polyhedral proteins of P. dispar, M. brassicae, and A. crataegi. PMID- 33726 TI - [Effect of lecithin on liver microsomal lipid peroxidation]. AB - The effect of exogeneous (egg) lecithin on peroxidation of microsomal lipids was studied with the view of elucidating the role of various components of lipid substrate in the overall oxidation rate of the lipids. The following processes were studied a) NADPH-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation in the presence of lecithin; b) ascorbate-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation in the presence of lecithin; c) oxidation of lipid mixture, isolated from the microsomes, and that of lecithin in the presence of the Fe2+ + ascorbate system; 4) oxidation of lecithin induced by the Fe2+ + ascorbate system. It was found that in the presence of exogeneous lecithin the oxidation of microsomal lipids in inhibited, which is probably due to the peculiarities of lecithin oxidation. It was shown that the specific rate of lecithin oxidation is decreased with an increase in lecithin concentration. Possible mechanisms of lecithin effect on microsomal lipid peroxidation are discussed. PMID- 33727 TI - [Principle of free energies linearity in chymotrypsin catalysis]. AB - The applicability of the previously described principle of free energies linearity for semispecific substrates of chymotrypsin for the derivatives of acetylphenylalanine, acetyltryptophane and acetyltyrosine was demonstrated. The pH dependence of the parameters of a linear equation describing the relationship between the free energy of hydrolysis and the logarithmus of the kcat/Km(app) ratio suggests that at optimal pH the stability of the activation barrier of enzyme acetylation for all semispecific substrates is observed. PMID- 33728 TI - [Effect of some fragments of peptide hormones on the content of biogenic monoamines from mouse brain]. AB - The effect of some tripeptides, which are fragments of peptide hormones, and their analogs on the content of biogenic monoamines (BM) from albino mice brain was studied. It was found that thyroliberin, melanostatin and the C-terminal tripeptide of gonadoliberin activate the dophaminergic (DA-ergic) system in the forebrain of mice treated with reserpine or haloperidol, whereas the C-terminal tripeptide of gastrin acts as a synergic blocker of the DA receptors. The N terminal tripeptides (with and without the amido group) do not affect the content of BM. No effect of the tripeptides was observed in intact animals. It is assumed that the agonistic or antagonistic effect of the tripeptides on BM is due to certain structural peculiarities of the tripeptides, e.g. the presence of the C terminal amido group and their endogenous nature. PMID- 33729 TI - Monoacylcadaverines in schizophrenia. AB - Monoacetylcadaverine and monopropionylcadaverine were found in the blood of schizophrenic patients in higher concentrations than in the blood of nonschizophrenic subjects. The blood levels of both monoacylcadaverines in schizophrenics were relatively higher during exacerbation of the illness and were relatively lower during improvement. PMID- 33730 TI - Hoffmann reflex abnormalities in psychotic patients. PMID- 33731 TI - Effects of ovarian steroids on in vitro kinetic properties of tyrosine hydroxylase from rabbit oviducts. PMID- 33732 TI - Lack of primary defect in maldescended testis of the neonatal pig. PMID- 33733 TI - On clinical biochemical pharmacology of 5-fluorouracil and anticancer pyrimidines, Marseille, July 22-23, 1978, USA-France agreement in clinical trial and treatment research (NCI-INSERM). PMID- 33734 TI - Catastrophe theory and cellular determination, transdetermination, and differentiation. PMID- 33736 TI - New roles for personnel: nurses and physician extenders. PMID- 33735 TI - The hospital reconsidered: a new perspective. The 1978 Annual Health Conference, the New York Academy of Medicine May 1 and 2, 1978. PMID- 33737 TI - New roles for personnel in hospitals: physician extenders. PMID- 33738 TI - The 1978 annual meeting of the American Rheumatism Association. PMID- 33739 TI - An abdominal extraperitoneal approach for the difficult orchidopexy. AB - An abdominal extraperitoneal approach is described for use in patients who have a severe degree of incomplete descent of the testicle. In 86 such operations, the testicle was placed in the scrotum in 85. The approach allows certainty of diagnosis in cases of anorchia and it is helpful when orchidopexy has to be combined with a herniotomy in infancy. PMID- 33740 TI - Sequential patterns of haemodynamic and metabolic changes in experimental hypovolaemic shock. I. Responses to acute haemorrhage. AB - Little is known about cardiorespiratory changes during the development of hypovolaemia. This study attempts to provide such information and compares the period of bleeding with that of established hypovolaemia. Eleven anaesthetized and ventilated greyhounds were bled and analyses of cardiopulmonary function made at fixed intervals both during and after haemorrhage. Six sequential patterns of cardiopulmonary and metabolic change were recognized. It was apparent that bleeding caused the first three phases of change, recovery from the effects of bleeding the next two and steady hypovolaemia the last. The event of bleeding is the main factor that elevates total peripheral resistance and reduces tissue perfusion with consequent lowering of oxygen consumption and alkalosis secondary to impaired carbon dioxide production; when bleeding ceases these changes partially reverse in a manner characteristic of that induced by the reinfusion of shed blood; and hypovolaemia per se has a relatively weak influence. These findings provide an explanation for disparities in previous published reports and have obvious clinical implications. PMID- 33741 TI - Comparative study of automatic blood-gas analysers and their use in analysing arterial and capillary samples. AB - Three automatic blood-gas analysers were compared for ease of use; calibration; reproducibility and accuracy of results; maintenance; fault-finding; and use of expert technician time. Results obtained from arterial and capillary blood were compared with duplicate values obtained with a semi-automatic analyser controlled and calibrated with tonometered blood. No analyser was fully automatic, and all three needed maintenance by expert technicians. Difficulties were encountered when inexperienced operators used the machines. One automatic blood-gas analyser gave aberrant values for oxygen pressure (PO2) due to electrode dysfunction that was not indicated by the fault-finding system. A second analyser gave significantly lower values for blood pH than the standard machine. A comparison of pH, carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2), and PO2 measured in 40 simultaneous paired samples of arterial and arterialised capillary blood showed no significant difference for pH or PCO2, but the PO2 values were significantly lower in the capillary samples over the range studied. We conclude that all machines perform satisfactorily in terms of blood-gas analysis, but none may be regarded as fully automatic. Some degree of technical supervision is essential, as is proper training for all potential users. PMID- 33742 TI - Beta-blockers and the peripheral circulation. PMID- 33743 TI - Electron microscopic localization of substance P and enkephalin in axon terminals related to dendrites of catecholaminergic neurons. AB - Morphological and pharmacological data suggest that catecholaminergic neurons receive afferent axons positively labeled for the peptides, substance P and [Met5]-enkephalin. In the present study, electron microscopic immunocytochemistry was used to determine whether a positive reaction for these peptides could be localized to axon terminals forming synapses with catecholaminergic neurons in the locus coeruleus and A2 regions of rat brain. Adjacent sections through these areas were incubated with antiserum to either substance P, [Met5]-enkephalin, or tyrosine hydroxylase, a specific marker for catecholaminergic neurons. The sections were subsequently processes by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique. In both the locus coeruleus and A2 region, tyrosine hydroxylase was localized primarily to perikarya and dendrites of intrinsic neurons; whereas substance P and enkephalin-like immunoreactivity was localized to axons and axon terminals. The axon terminals showing positive reactions for substance P and [Met5]-enkephalin were morphologically similar to each other and to one type of axon terminal which formed synapses with dendrites labeled for tyrosine hydroxylase. This type of axon terminal always formed asymmetric synaptic junctions and contained 3-4 large (75-100 nm) dense vesicles (LDVs) and many small (40-60 nm) clear vesicles (SCVs). The reaction product for substance P and [Met5]-enkephalin was distributed throughout the lumen of the LDVs and formed a rim of labeling around the outer boundaries of the SCVs. These findings demonstrate that substance P and [Met5]-enkephalin-positive reactions are selectively localized to subcellular organelles in axon terminals in the locus coeruleus and A2 region of rat brain. They further suggest that the labeled axon terminals form synapses with dendrites of the catecholaminergic neurons. PMID- 33744 TI - Phenytoin and transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction of the frog. AB - The effects of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin, DPH) on transmitter release were studied at the frog neuromuscular junction. It was found that in Ringer's solutions containing a normal concentration of Ca2+ ions, DPH (1-2 X 10(-4) M) depresses neurally evoked transmitter release, whereas in Ca2+-deficient Ringer's solutions it produces an increase in evoked release. Spontaneous transmitter liberation is augmented by DPH under all the above conditions. An abrupt disappearance of the evoked response occasionally occured with stimulation at 0.5 Hz, but a normal response could be elicited by a second stimulus delivered shortly after the first. At 100-200 Hz, DPH regularly induced a partial block in synaptic transmission. In 8 mM MgCl2, this phenomenon appeared at 50 Hz and developed into a total neuromuscular blockade. PMID- 33745 TI - Glutaminase and glutamine synthetase activity in synaptosomes, bulk-isolated glia and neurons. PMID- 33746 TI - Correlation between presynaptic dense bodies and transmitter output at lobster neuromuscular terminals by serial section electron microscopy. AB - Lobster neuromuscular terminals releasing comparatively small (low-output type) and large (high-output type) amounts of transmitter but arising from the single excitatory motor axon to the proximal accessory flexor muscle were serially sectioned for electron microscopy. The three-dimensional reconstruction showed the two types of terminals to have a complex branching pattern in which thin branches of the motor axon often enlarged into synapse bearing terminal regions. Quantitative comparison showed that the mean surface area of a synapse is similar in the two types of terminals. However, the low-output terminal has a higher synaptic density and devotes a greater part of its surface area to synapses compared to its high-output counterpart suggesting that transmitter output is not directly related to synaptic area. The mean surface area of a presynaptic dense body is not significantly different between low- and high-output synapses, but there is a significantly greater density of these active zones in the high-output terminal. This results in the ratio of mean dense body area to mean synaptic area being approximately 3 X greater in the high-output synapses than the low-output ones. This significant difference in the surface area of presynaptic dense bodies between low- and high-output synapses correlates with the difference in transmitter output at these two synapses, and implicates the dense bodies in the mechanism of transmitter release at lobster neuromuscular synapses. PMID- 33747 TI - Low pH selectively blocks calcium action potentials in amphibian neurons developing in culture. PMID- 33748 TI - Tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry in human brain. PMID- 33749 TI - Unit activity of limbic system neurons: effects of morphine, diazepam and neuroleptic agents. AB - The effects of morphine, diazepam and three neuroleptic agents (chloropromazine, perphenazine and haloperiodol) on neuronal firing rats were studied in the limbic system of immobilized cats. Parietal craniotomy was carried out under 1.5--4.0% halothane. Extracellular potentials from single cells in the cingulate gyrus, septum and lateral hypothalamic areas were recorded using glass-coated, platinum iridium microelectrodes. In general, intravenous adminstration of morphine sulfate augmented the spontaneous firing rates of most of the neurons studied. In contrast, diazepam produced a marked attenuation of both spontaneous and morphine augmented firing rates, whereas the neuroleptic agents had no significant or consistent effects on the morphine augmented firing rates of neurons in these limbic areas. These data indicate that the limbic system may play an important role in the behavioral excitement in cats induced by morphine administration and also the depressant effect of the tranquilizer diazepam. In contrast, the inability of the neuroleptic agents to antagonize the morphine augmented neuronal firing rates suggest these agents may act outside the limbic areas studied here. PMID- 33750 TI - Glucocorticoids and the hippocampal enzyme activity. PMID- 33751 TI - Blood gases and pH in the controlled brain ischemia. PMID- 33752 TI - Abstracts of the International Conference on Defective DNA Repair, Mutation and Human Ill Health. PMID- 33753 TI - Toleration of artificial tears - the effect of pH. AB - We studied the effect of altering the pH of an artificial tear preparation on the tolerance of 20 patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Of those who expressed a preference, 11/17 preferred a tear substitute more alkaline than any preparation now available in North America. We recommend an alkaline tear substitute as a valuable alternative in patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca. PMID- 33754 TI - Effects of SITS on chloride permeation in Xenopus skeletal muscle. PMID- 33755 TI - A study of carbachol-atropine interaction on intestinal smooth muscle vesicles, using a fluorescent probe. AB - Plasma membrane vesicles were prepared from guinea pig ileum longitudinal muscle. The vesicles were characterized by electron microscopy and analysis of lipid and protein content. They were shown to be free of gross contamination from actomyosin, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. 8-Anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid (ANS) binding characteristics were similar to those found in other membranes. Both carbachol and atropine increased the fluorescence of ANS bound to this membrane, the maximum increase for atropine being greater than that for carbachol. Since neither drug effected the apparent affinity constant for the ANS membrane interaction. It may be assumed that the increased fluorescence was due to an increase in the number of ANS binding sites. The carbachol-dependent increase in ANS fluorescence was blocked noncompetitively by atropine but not by tubocurarine or diphenhydramine. These latter two antagonists also increased ANS fluorescence but at much higher concentrations than either carbachol or atropine. Neither atropine nor carbachol increased ANS fluorescence on either erythrocyte ghosts or liposomes (prepared from a lipid extract of the muscle membrane). PMID- 33756 TI - The effect of pH and amino acids on conidiation and pigment production of Monascus major ATCC 16362 and Monascus rubiginosus ATCC 16367 in submerged shaken culture. AB - Monascus major ATCC 16362 and Monascus rubiginosus ATCC 16367 were cultivated aerobically on media containing nitrate or ammonium as nitrogen source to which the following modifications were made: (1) pH adjusted to 2.5 before sterilization; (2) addition of yeast extract; (3) addition of amino acids in identical proportions and concentrations to those found in yeast extract; (4) adjustment of pH to 2.5 after addition of amino acids. The addition of amino acids in the form of yeast extract increased mycelium formation and reduced conidiation and pigment production. The addition of an amino acid mixture did not increase mycelium formation to the same extent as yeast extract but increased the number of conidia, while pigment production was reduced, especially when nitrate was the nitrogen source. As the amino acids are taken up after conidial formation has started, it would appear that it is not the amino acids themselves which are directly responsible for the induction of conidiation. The addition of amino acids inhibits nitrate and ammonium uptake suggesting the need for an early intracellular nitrogen limitation to induce conidiation. Lowering the pH inhibits the formation of conidia and increases pigment production; also the effect of amino acid addition is totally annulled. The pH of the medium is all important in regulating the formation of conidia and pigment production. The possible effects of the pH on the uptake of certain medium components is discussed, as well as their possible control of certain metabolic pathways which ultimately determines the availability of intermediates for conidiation and pigment production. PMID- 33757 TI - [Evaluation of the efficiency of the adsorption-elution technic for poliovirus 1 on fiber glass filters: application in the virological analysis of 100 ml to 1000 1 of water]. AB - The efficiency of the adsorption-elution technique using fiber glass filters to concentrate viruses from water was evaluated to detect poliovirus type 1 in drinking, river, and sewage water. At pH 3.5 and with 5 X 10(-4) M aluminium chloride more than 99% were adsorbed at a 0.25-micron filter. Beef extract (3%), pH 9, eluted 85-95% of the adsorbed viruses and organic flocculation at pH 3.5 permitted to reconcentrate the viruses in 1/20 of the elution volume with a 50 72% efficiency. The overall efficiency of the technique for 100 ml to 1000 l of the different types of water using 10(2) to 10(6) PFU was 38 to 58%. PMID- 33758 TI - Physicochemical properties of Nebraska calf diarrhea virus hemagglutinin. AB - Highly purified Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) was prepared by cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation. The effect of temperature, pH, different concentrations of formaldehyde, chloroform, ether, ethyl alcohol, and methyl alcohol on NCDV hemagglutinin and virus morphology was studied. NCDV hemagglutinin was inactivated by temperature, pH 2.0, chloroform, ethyl alcohol, and methyl alcohol. PMID- 33759 TI - Functional implications of changes in the senescent brain: a review. AB - The morphological, chemical, and physiological changes in the brain accompanying old age are reviewed. The deterioration of the striatal and hypothalamic dopaminergic systems were implicated in the onset of age related Parkinsonian like slowing of performance and altered affect. Cholinergic hippocampal and neocortical systems were chemically and physiologically abnormal in the aged. The implications for slowed cognitive processing and persistance of the memory trace are presented. PMID- 33760 TI - Ontario's family physicians entering winter of discontent. PMID- 33762 TI - International conference declaration states requirements for good universal primary health care. PMID- 33761 TI - Pneumococci resistant to erythromycin. AB - Susceptibility to erythromycin was determined for all pneumococci isolated in one laboratory from clinical specimens between 1969 and 1977. All 4724 isolates examined prior to October 1973 were susceptible to erythromycin. From October 1973 to December 1977, 64 (0.71%) of 8995 pneumococcus isolates were resistant to erythromycin. The resistant strains were isolated from 38 patients living in six widely separated communities in Alberta. The erythromycin-resistant strains were of nine capsular types, including six that often cause bacteremic disease and five for which resistance to erythromycin has not been reported hitherto. Certain strains of type 33 and of type 15 were highly resistant, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of erythromycin being 2000 microgram/mL; these strains were also highly resistant to lincomycin and clindamycin. Resistance in strains of other types was much lower, the MIC of erythromycin being 0.6 to 20 microgram/mL, and all but one of these strains were susceptible to lincomycin and clindamycin. All the erythromycin-resistant pneumococci were suspectible to penicillin. PMID- 33763 TI - Musings on scientific communications: information exchange or podium pondification? PMID- 33764 TI - Primary health care in developing countries: a look at some of the problems. PMID- 33765 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the forty-sixth annual meeting of the Laboratory Division of the Canadian Public Health Association. PMID- 33766 TI - Enzyme changes after coronary angiography. AB - The enzymatic response to contrast media after coronary angiography was observed in 24 patients. The enzymes studied were glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), alpha hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (alpha-HBDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma GT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and the myocardial-specific isoenzyme of CPK (CK-MB). Angiography produced no significant elevations in SGOT, SGPT, alpha HBDH, LDH, or CK-MB activities; gamma-GT increased up to the twelfth hour. High levels of CPK and CK-MB observed in one patient were found to be products of a thymus carcinoma. In vitro examinations also showed that concentrations of contrast media used in coronary angiography do not inhibit gamma-GT, LDH, and CPK activities. PMID- 33767 TI - Organization of haemopoietic stem cells: the generation-age hypothesis. AB - This paper proposes that the previous division history of each stem cell is one determinant of the functional organization of the haemopoietic stem cell population. Stem cells from a lineage of stem cells which have generated many stem cells (older stem cells) are used in the animal to form blood before stem cells which have generated few stem cells (younger stem cells). The stem cell generating capacity of a lineage of stem cells is finite. After a given number of generations a stem cell is lost to the stem cell compartment by forming two committed precursors of the cell lines. Its part in blood formation is taken by the next oldest stem cell. We have called this proposal the generation-age hypothesis. Experimental evidence in support of the proposal is presented. We stripped away older stem cells from normal bone marrow and 13 day foetal liver with phase-specific drugs and revealed a younger population of stem cells whose capacity for stem cell generation was three- to four-fold greater than that of the average normal, untreated population. We aged normal stem cells by continuous irradiation and serial retransplantation and found that their stem cell generative capacity had declined eight-fold. We measured the stem cell generative capacity of stem cells in the bloodstream. It was a half to a quarter that of normal bone marrow stem cells and we found a subpopulation of circulating stem cells whose capacity for stem cell generation was an eighth to a fortieth that of normal femoral stem cells. This subpopulation was identified by its failure to express the brain-associated antigen which was present on 75% of normal femoral stem cells but was not found on their progeny, the committed precursors of granulocytes. PMID- 33768 TI - Neuroglandular contacts between vasopressin-reactive fibers and cells of the pars tuberalis in the rat. AB - In electron micrographs fibers containing vasopressin-immunoreactive elementary granules 100--120 nm in diameter are observed within the basal lamina of the adenohypophyseal pars tuberalis adjacent to the rostral portion of the median eminence. The concept of a neuroglandular transmitter function of vasopressin is discussed. PMID- 33769 TI - Rapid method for measuring intracellular pH in vivo. AB - Intracellular pH (pHi) was simultaneously measured in 6 normal tissues and a malignant tumour of rats by a rapid triple isotope technique, based on the in vivo distribution of 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione-2-14C (DMO), tritiated water and sodium chloride-36. Results compared favourably with pH measured directly in the same rat by capillary glass electrode, and with values of other workers for pHi in rat tissues. Mean pHi of normal tissues was close to pH 7, and in each organ there was a linear relationship between pHi and extracellular pH (pHe) over the normal range of pHe encountered (pH 6.9-7.6). Organ pHi altered in response to administration of NH4Cl or NaHCO3 to the host. PMID- 33770 TI - PH-dependent behavior of erythrocyte membrane elevations. II Occurrence in moderate acidemic and alkalemic conditions. AB - Changes of the number of red cell membrane elevations revealed by freeze-etch electron microscopy are pH-dependent in vitro and in vivo. In healthy volunteers a decrease of the number of red cell surfaces with elevations was observed under moderate acidemic and alkalemic conditions. These changes were different in patients with Huntington's chorea and affective psychotic disorders. Elevations of the red cell membrane with the same diameter can be demonstrated in ultrathin sections, if sodium azide is added during the fixation procedure. PMID- 33771 TI - [Secular changes in the physical condition of populations]. PMID- 33772 TI - [A serological survey of arboviruses in the human population of Senegal]. AB - 2,457 serum samples collected during an epidemiological survey on treponematosis in Senegal by the W. H. O. IR051 team in five areas of Senegal between 1972 and 1975 were studied for arbovirus antibodies using hemagglutination inhibition test. In addition 998 were studied using CF test and 1012 in neutralization test with yellow fever virus. The prevalence of arbovirus antibodies is important in all the country and does not vary basically between the different areas. In group A, chikungunya antibody is the most frequent and Sindbis antibody was found only in areas where migrant birds are resting. There is evidence of recent yellow fever infection in Upper Casamance and in Eastern Senegal. Most of the children are not immune and have to be immunized. Zika and Wesselsbron viruses show activity in all the areas and West-Nile, as Sindbis, is related to areas where birds are numerous. Bunyamwera virus activity is low. PMID- 33774 TI - Flunitrazepam combined with local anaesthesia in 1400 operations. PMID- 33773 TI - [Association of acute intestinal amebiasis and hemorrhagic recto-colitis: diagnosis and therapeutic problems, pathogenetic incertitudes]. PMID- 33775 TI - Drug treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 33776 TI - Effects of placental tissue on immunological responses. PMID- 33777 TI - Proceedings of the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists. 11th annual meeting 23--25 November 1977, Sydney. Abstracts. PMID- 33778 TI - Fetal tissue transplantation for immunotherapy of combined immunodeficiency in horses. PMID- 33779 TI - [Use of a platelet anti-aggregant in evolutive glomerular nephropathies associated with regional intravascular coagulation disorder]. PMID- 33780 TI - Communicating with patients about antipsychotic drugs. PMID- 33781 TI - Contact dermatitis from ethylenediamine. AB - This study of seven patients with an allergic contact dermititis from ethylenediamine has shown that sensitisation to topical antihistamines and disodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetate is not inevitable in a allergic contact dermatitis from ethylenediamine. PMID- 33782 TI - Freeze-thaw damage in isolated lobster sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes: a model system for membrane damage. PMID- 33783 TI - The effects of bile on the gastric mucosa. AB - Pure rat bile, mixed with an equal volume of 43% ethanol or distilled water, was intubated into the stomachs of fasted rats. Control rats were intubated with saline solutions or received no intraluminal solutions into the stomachs. Following a 10 min period of exposure of the bile or saline solutions to the luminal surface of the gastric mucosa, samples of the stomachs were processed for routine scanning and transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. Observations indicated that the bile solutions produced extensive damage to the luminal surface of the stomach. The most prominent alteration was evident as a massive cytolysis of the epithelial cells which line the gastric glands, pits, and luminal surface of the gastric mucosa. Loss of the epithelium revealed the underlying honey-combed structure of the lamina propria. In addition, haemorrhagic areas were often observed throughout the mucosa. The findings of this study indicated that bile mixed with water or ethanol was highly destructive to the gastric epithelium, even more destructive than a solution of ethanol and water; however, the basal lamina and connective tissue fibres of the lamina propria were apparently unaltered by the bile solutions. Furthermore, the presence of an intact lamina propria in many areas where there was not extensive haemorrhage, following exposure of these solutions to the gastric mucosa, suggested the existence of a scaffolding structure for the proper orientation of the reconstruction process of epithelium of the glands, pits, and luminal surface of the altered gastric mucosa. PMID- 33784 TI - Laboratory studies with BL-S 578 (Cefadroxil) a new broad-spectrum orally active cephalosporin. AB - BL-S 578 (Cefadroxil) is a new orally active semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. The new compound was evaluated in vitro in comparison with cephalexin. Some properties studies such as, antibacterial activity, binding with serum proteins and stability in acid and neutral solution at 37 degrees C for both cephalosporins were similar. In experimental infections of mice, the protective action of BL-S 578 was more effective than cephalexin against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. BL-S 578 was more resistant than cephalexin to the beta-lactamases produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. PMID- 33785 TI - [Clinical experimentation of a new analgesic]. PMID- 33786 TI - [Use of a new analgesic in dental practice]. PMID- 33787 TI - [Reaction between dexamethasone-receptor complexes and DNA as the basis for their translocation into the cell nucleus in vivo]. PMID- 33788 TI - Diazepam and lorazepam in anaesthesia. PMID- 33789 TI - [Drug therapy of masked depression]. PMID- 33790 TI - [Hereditary cleft lips (cheilognathoschisis) combined with cryptorchism in Holstein-Friesian cattle (author's transl)]. PMID- 33791 TI - [Relations between the levels of neuroleptics and the doses, the therapeutic effects and the side effects]. AB - The mass fragmentography and the gas-liquid chromatography are available actually for quantitation of very low levels of neuroleptics. The Radio-immunological assay is full of promise. Their plasma levels are not correlated with their dosage in a man to another, but, for some of them, there is lineary relation for one person. A correlation between their levels and their clinical efficacy is not certainly demonstrated for thioridazine and non transformed chlorpromazine; it could be possible for his sulphoxide metabolite and for butaperazine. The sides effects are relatively correlated with their levels in the begining of the therepautic. The antiparkinsonian drugs, the antidepressants and the lithium could influenced them. PMID- 33792 TI - Neuropharmacological regulation of episodic growth hormone and prolactin secretion in the rat. AB - The effects on GH and PRL secretion of several pharmacological agents known to modify central neurotransmitter action were determined in unanesthetized male rats. Phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenergic blocker (5 mg/kg iv), abolished episodic GH secretion and caused elevation of serum PRL levels. Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker (5 mg/kg iv), had no effect on GH secretion and caused a small but significant depression in PRL levels. Parachlorophenylalanine methyl ester, an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase (300-350 mg/kg ip), resulted in significant inhibition of GH pulsatile secretion and suppressed PRL levels. Methysergide hydrogen maleinate (25 mg/kg iv), a serotonin receptor antagonist, also inhibited GH secretion, but produced a transient stimulation in PRL levels. Atropine sulfate (2 mg/kg iv) caused significant suppression in GH secretion, but had no effect on PRL. Picrotoxin, a gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonist, in a subconvulsive dose of 1-3 mg/kg iv, also depressed GH episodic secretion but did not affect PRL levels. These results indicate that several neurotransmitters, i.e., norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid, found in high concentration in the hypothalamus, influence GH and PRL secretion. PMID- 33793 TI - The effect of varying iodine content on the susceptibility of thyroglobulin to hydrolysis by thyroid acid protease. PMID- 33794 TI - Regulation of thyroidal deiodinase activity. PMID- 33795 TI - Triiodothyronine nuclear receptors: an in vitro comparison of the binding of triiodothyronine to nuclei of adult rat liver, cerebral hemisphere, and anterior pituitary. PMID- 33796 TI - Prevention of estrogen-induced uterine hyperemia by alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking agents. PMID- 33797 TI - Steroid metabolism in normal mammary gland and in the dimethylbenzanthracene induced mammary tumor of rats. AB - After incubation of [4-14C]progesterone with cell-free homogenates of 9,10 dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumor of rats, 20 alpha hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, 20 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha pregnan-3-one, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, and 5 alpha-pregnane-3 alpha, 20 alpha-diol were identified as the metabolites. In normal mammary tissue, however, 4-pregnene-3 alpha-diol was isolated in addition to 5 alpha reduced, and 3 alpha- and 20 alpha-hydroxy metabolites. When radioactive testosterone was employed as a substrate, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol were obtained as the metabolites of the mammary tumor. In the normal mammary gland, only 4-andorstene 3 alpha, 17 beta-diol was formed as its metabolite. Although the enzyme activities relevant to the metabolism varied among the tumor examined, the activity of 20 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the mammary tumor was significantly lower than that in the normal mammary gland, whereas the activity of 5 alpha-reductase was higher in some of the mammary tumors than in the normal gland. The 5 alpha reductase activity in the normal mammary gland was mostly localized in the crude microsomal fraction, whereas the same enzyme activity in the tumor was detected in all the organelle fractions. The activities of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and NADPH-linked 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase were found mainly in the cytosol fractions of the tumor and the normal tissue. The NADH linked 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity was detected only in the cytosol fraction of the normal mammary gland, but in the tumor studied, the activity of this enzyme was detected in all the subcellular fractions examined. PMID- 33798 TI - The effect of solubilization on the properties of the insulin receptor of human placental membranes. AB - The insulin receptor for human placental membranes has been solubilized in Triton X-100 and its properties have been examined in detail. Binding of [125 I]iodoinsulin to the soluble receptor is markedly inhibited by increas-ng concentrations of Triton X-100, due to a fall in receptor affinity. In 0.02- 0.10% Triton X-100, the soluble receptor exhibits all the essential characteristics of the intact or particulate receptor. These include strict specificity for insulin and its analogues, increase in steady state binding with decrease in temperature, a pH optimum at 7.8--8.0, and negatively cooperative site-site interactions. The initial association rate of [125 I]iodoinsulin and the soluble receptor is a direct function of temperature, but the level of steady state binding is lower at higher temperatures due to a marked increase in dissociation rate. Scatchard binding plots are curvilinear and show a large increase in affinity at 4 C with no change in total binding capacity (R0); increased binding to the particulate placental membrane at 4 C is due chiefly to an increase in R3. Negative cooperatively in the soluble receptor has been confirmed by kinetic experiments; thus, the dissociation of [125I]iodoinsulin from the receptor in the presence of "infinite" dilution is accelerated in the presence of 10(-8) M unlabeled insulin. The apparent molecular weight of the placental receptor, determined by gel filtration on 6% agarose, is approximately 300,000. These studies show that the basic properties of the insulin receptor do not depend on it being an integral conponent of the cell membrane. PMID- 33799 TI - The possible roles of membrane organization in the activity of androgen biosynthetic enzymes associated with normal or tumorous mouse Leydig cell microsomes. AB - The enzymes involved in conversion of pregnenolone to testosterone in Leydig cell tumors showed a wide distribution among smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and cytosol, while these enzymatic activities in normal testes were associated primarily with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Progesterone, used as a substrate in the presence of an NADPH-generating system, was metabolized to androstenedione and finally to testosterone by microsomes from some strains of tumor which did not form testosterone from exogenous labeled androstenedione. Treatment of microsomal membranes from normal testes with 0.1 M Ca++ and Mg++ caused a marked decrease in 17 beta-dehydrogenase activity, measured as conversion of exogenous [3H]androstenedione to [3H]-testosterone, without serious effects on activities of 3 beta-ol-dehydrogenase or 17 alpha hydroxylase. Studies of initial velocity kinetics showed that treatment with magnesium ion resulted in a marked reduction in affinity of androstenedione for 17 beta-dehydrogenase while the maximum velocity was the same as in untreated microsomes. Also, experiments using [14C]progesterone and [3H]androstenedione simultaneously as substrates demonstrated that treatment with Mg++ ion made it more difficult for exogenous [3H]androstenedione to reach the active site of 17 beta-ol-dehydrogenase than [14C]androstenedione formed in the microsomal membrane from [14C]progesterone. Microsomal proteins were more easily solubilized and 3 beta-ol-dehydrogenase was more severely influenced by Mg++ ion in tumor membranes than in normal microsomes. PMID- 33800 TI - Characterization of hypophysiotropic hormones in porcine hypothalamic extracts. PMID- 33801 TI - On the role of calcium in adrenocorticotropin-induced changes in mitochondrial pregnenolone synthesis. AB - The importance of calcium in the ACTH-induced increase in adrenal mitochondrial pregnenolone synthesis was evaluated. In mitochondria prepared in the absence of EDTA and albumin, calcium enhanced the binding of cholesterol to cytochrome P-450 and subsequent pregnenolone synthesis. Although these effects of calcium were slightly greater in control than in ACTH-treated mitochondria, a sizeable effect of ACTH remained even at high calcium levels (500 micron). In mitochondria prepared from adrenals homogenized in fluid containing EDTA and albumin, ACTH induced effects on pregnenolone synthesis were relatively poor unless calcium was added to the incubation mixture. High concentrations of added calcium (500 micron or greater) obviated the need for the labile protein required for ACTH-induced effects in intact mitochondria, presumably by disrupting mitochondria and allowing an "unrestrained" interaction of cholesterol with cytochrome P-450. Thus, cholesterol-rich mitochondria from ACTH plus cycloheximide-treated rats produced large amounts of pregnenolone when high (probably unphysiological) calcium concentrations were present. The present findings suggest that calcium is required at the mitochondrial level for ACTH-induced effects on pregnenolone synthesis, and the reported ACTH-induced increase in intraadrenal calcium may thus amplify the effects of ACTH on steroidogenesis. However, it seems unlikely that calcium is the agent primarily responsible for mediating the ACTH-induced steroidogenic effect at the mitochondrial level. PMID- 33802 TI - Changes in luteinizing hormone and prolactin control mechanisms produced by glutamate lesions of the arcuate nucleus. PMID- 33803 TI - Isoelectric focusing of thyroid-stimulating antibody of Graves' disease. PMID- 33804 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at XIVth Annual Medical Conference. PMID- 33805 TI - The charge heterogeneity of soluble human galactosyltransferases isolated from milk, amniotic fluid and malignant ascites. AB - UDP-galactose: N-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase was isolated from pooled human milk, pooled amniotic fluid and from two different individual samples of malignant ascites. The purification procedure involving two successive affinity chromatography steps on N-acetylglucosamine--agarose and alpha-lactalbumin- agarose yielded an enzyme preparation homogeneous by size. Under non-denaturing conditions the ascites and amniotic fluid enzymes had identical electrophoretic mobility, but they moved faster than the milk enzyme. Isoelectric analysis in the presence and absence of urea resolved the milk enzyme into at least 13 different forms, nine of which had the same isoelectric points after refocusing. All enzyme forms showed similar activity when free N-acetylglucosamine, ovalbumin, sialic acid-free ovine submaxillary mucin and glucose, in the presence of alpha lactalbumin, were used as acceptor substrates. Comparative isoelectric focusing of the three galactosyltransferases revealed identical patterns of the amniotic and ascites enzymes, but only partial overlap with the milk enzyme, which was less negatively charged. Neuraminidase treatment of ascites and milk galactosyltransferases produced very similar focusing patterns. The possible structural basis for this charge heterogeneity is briefly discussed. PMID- 33806 TI - Yeast killer toxin: purification and characterisation of the protein toxin from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Killer toxin from killer strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was isolated from concentrates of extracellular medium by precipitation in poly(ethylene glycol) and chromatography through glyceryl-controlled-pore glass. The toxin migrated as a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A molecular weight of 11470 was determined for the toxin protein from its electrophoretic mobility and amino acid composition. Gel filtration of the active toxin indicated that the 11,470-Mr monomer was the active unit. Electrophoretic comparison of extracellular concentrates from a killer strain and an isogenic non-killer showed the presence of the toxin protein only in the killer-derived material. The activity of the toxin was most stable between pH 4.2 and 4.6. At 30 degrees C toxin from a superkiller strain was more stable than that from a normal killer. PMID- 33807 TI - Determination of the interaction of ADP and dADP with copper(II), manganese(II) and lanthanide(III) ions by nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. AB - The aqueous solution conformation of the 1:1 complexes of ADP and dADP bound to a lanthanide ion have been determined by examination of the dipolar shifts and induced relaxation at pH 6.4. Apparent inconsistencies in the observed data are interpreted in terms of a gradually changing lanthanide-oxygen bond length from Pr3+ to Yb3+. The conformations of ADP and dADP are very similar showing an extended diphosphate, a 2E ribose conformation and with the adenine base displaying a small syn contribution. Relaxation data obtained from Mn(II) titrations are readily interpreted in terms of bidentate coordination to alpha and beta phosphates with the nucleotides retaining the same overall conformation found from the lanthanide study. No evidence to support an intramolecular water bridged backbound structure is observed. The interaction with Cu(II) is more complex, coordination is observed not only at the diphosphate but also at two sites on the base, N-1, and the chelate formed between N-7 and the amino group. The relative importance of these sites is different for ADP and dADP and is also pH-dependent for ADP. PMID- 33808 TI - kappa-Carrageenase from Pseudomonas carrageenovora. AB - A kappa-carrageenase was isolated from the cell-free medium of cultured Pseudomonas carrageenovora. From dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a single protein (identified as the kappa-carrageenase) was detected in the medium. Activity against nominal carrageenan types and inspection of the products indicate the enzyme to be a kappa-carrageenase. Purification is described here by ammonium sulphate precipitation and subsequent CM-Sepharose CL 6B ion-exchange chromatography. Molecular weight was estimated as 35,000 by dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Products of degradation were analysed by gel filtration, spectrophotometric assays and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. These results are consistent with the product of limit digest being neocarrabiose 4-O-sulphate. PMID- 33809 TI - Pial arterial reactions to hyper- and hypocapnia: a dynamic experimental study in cats. AB - In 29 cats, the extent and time-course of the pial arterial reactions to hypo- and hypercapnia were studied by means of the skull-window technique. The typical, well-known dilatations and constrictions during hyper- and hypocapnia were seen. The latent period for dilatation after the beginning of CO2-inhalation was ca. 20 sec. There was no stable relation observable between vessel diameter and arterial carbon dioxide tension (paCO2). Diameter changes lagged behind CO2-changes, indicating that CO2 acts via metabolic regulation, probably extracellular pH. PMID- 33810 TI - Relation between the test for gonadal stimulation with HCG and testicular histology in cryptorchism. AB - A histological study, by means of bilateral biopsy, on 44 cryptorchid patients (26 of whom are monolateral and 18 bilateral), comparing them with the response obtained for the HCG gonadal stimulation test, is presented. A direct, although not always exact, relation is established between the testicular histology and the testosterone levels after the administration of 4,500 U of HCG. PMID- 33811 TI - Haemodynamic effects and pharmacokinetics of a new selective beta1-adrenoceptor agonist, prenalterol, and its interaction with metoprolol in man. AB - The haemodynamic effects of the selective beta1-adrenoceptor agonist prenalterol were studied in healthy subjects before and after therapeutic doses of the selective beta1-adrenoceptor blocker metoprolol. Plasma levels of the drugs were also determined in order to calculate certain pharmacokinetic variables. Intravenous infusion of prenalterol 0.13, 0.25 and 0.50 mg induced a dose dependent decrease in total electromechanical systole (QA2) and pre-ejection period (PEP). The effect on left ventricular ejection time (LVET) was not significant. Increases in systolic blood pressure and heart rate were dose dependent. Diastolic blood pressure did not change significantly. When metoprolol had been administered in a cumulative dose of 150 mg (mean maximal plasma level, 284 nmol/l) prenalterol had to be administered in doses that were twelve times higher than before the beta-blocker in order to induce the same haemodynamic effects. Prenalterol was rapidly distributed with an average half life of 8 min. This indicates that distribution equilibrium will be achieved within 30 min after intravenous administration. The overall elimination rate in the post-distributive phase corresponded to an average half life of 2.0 h. PMID- 33812 TI - Alterations in blood levels of carbohydrate and lipid metabolites and of cyclic AMP mediated by beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptors in beagle dogs: effects of procaterol, a new selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist. AB - The intravenous injection of isoprenaline (10 nmole/kg) into conscious beagle dogs caused significant increases in the blood level of lactate, glucose, FFA, insulin and cyclic AMP. These metabolic alterations induced by isoprenaline were blocked completely by pretreatment of the dog with propranolol (1 mg/kg). Butoxamine (10 mg/kg) antagonized isoprenaline-induced increases in glucose, lactate and insulin, but not the increases in FFA. Practolol (10 mg/kg) diminished the increase in blood FFA very strongly. Salbutamol, which is known to be an agonist of the beta 2-subtype in its bronchomotor and cardiovascular actions, produced marked increases in the blood concentrations of lactate, glucose and insulin but were without effect on the FFA level. Thus metabolic responses of conscious beagle dogs to beta-adrenoceptor agonists appeared to depend differentially on two types of beta-adrenoceptors: beta1-adrenoceptors are largely involved in lipolysis while beta2-adrenoceptors are involved in the regulation of blood glucose metabolism and insulin secretion. A new beta adrenoceptor agonist, 5-(1-hydroxy-2-isopropylaminobutyl)-8-hydroxycarbostyril hydrochloride hemihydrate (Procaterol), was classified as a beta 2-agonist, because it markedly increased plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate and insulin but increased the plasma level of FFA to a lesser degree. The order of potency of beta2-agonists was procaterol greater than salbutamol greater than trimetoquinol. Metabolic responses of beagle dogs would be useful for appreciating the selectivity and potency of beta-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists. PMID- 33813 TI - Isolated lung strips of guinea pigs: responses to beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists. AB - Isolated lung strips of guinea pigs were examined as an in vitro model for assessing the direct effect of beta-adrenergic drugs at the level of peripheral airways. Changes in intrinsic tone of thin strips of lung parenchyma were measured with an isometric force transducer. Isoproterenol, a nonselective beta adrenergic agonist, and several beta-adrenergic agonists, soterenol, salbutamol, metaproterenol and ritodrine elicited a dose-related relaxation of lung strip. Responses to isoproterenol were antagonized by propranolol and the selective beta blocking agents butoxamine (beta2) and practolol (beta1). These results were compared to data obtained with the same compounds on isolated guinea pig atria. All agonists except ritodrine were full agonists in the lung strip whereas isoproterenol and metaproterenol were the only full agonists in the atrial preparation. In the atria, practolol was a more effective blocker of isoproterenol responses than butoxamine, and the reverse was true for the lung strip. PMID- 33814 TI - The action of verapamil on the rate of spontaneous release of transmitter at the frog neuromuscular junction. AB - Verapamil is known to reduce Ca2+ entry in a variety of cells. At 10(-5) M it produces a small reduction in MEPP frequency at the frog neuromuscular junction, whereas the rate of spontaneous release rises following treatment at a concentration of 10(-4) M. This latter effect is augmented by raising [Ca2+]0 to 9 mM or, more especially, by raising the temperature from 17 to 23 degrees C. It is argued that both these opposing effects are related to the action of verapamil in modifying [Ca2+]i at the presynaptic terminals and it is suggested that the drug can affect both inward Ca2+ flux (so reducing the steady-state position of [Ca2+]i) and also, at higher concentration, either inhibit the membrane Ca2+ pump or cause the release of Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores (so raising [Ca2+]i). PMID- 33815 TI - Dopaminergic interaction with the respiratory control system in the rat. AB - Apomorphine given to rats lightly anesthetized with halothane produces a dose dependent increase in respiratory frequency and minute ventilation. Although basal arterial CO2 tensions were not significantly altered by apomorphine, the mechanical response to exogenous CO2 exposure was greatly increased in rats given apomorphine. Haloperidol returned the apomorphine-stimulated respiratory pattern to control values. It is concluded that dopamine neurons may have important interactions with respiratory control. PMID- 33816 TI - Pre- and postsynaptic effects of alpha-agonists in the anococcygeus muscle of the pithed rat. AB - In the pithed rat electrically induced contractions of the anococcygeus muscle were inhibited by clonidine (0.1--3.0 microgram/kg, i.v.), mecamylamine (1 mg/kg, i.v.) and guanethidine (1 mg/kg, i.v.). Only the inhibition produced by clonidine was antagonised by yohimbine (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.). At higher concentrations (10 microgram/kg, i.v.) clonidine increased the resting tension of the tissue; this effect was antagonised by phentolamine (1 mg/kg, i.v.). The anococcygeus muscle of the pithed rat was used to simultaneously assess pre- and postsynaptic alpha adrenoceptor agonist activity. Guanfacin was more selective and tiamenidine less selective than clonidine for presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors. Naphazoline and oxymetazoline were selective postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor agonists. PMID- 33817 TI - The effect of dopaminergic modifiers on morphine-induced analgesia and respiratory depression. AB - The influences of the dopaminergic system on morphine-induced analgesia and respiratory depression were compared using modulators of dopaminergic activity. Blockade of dopaminergic receptors by haloperidol or pimozide produced a potentiation of morphine analgesia, while stimulation of dopaminergic activity by L-dopa methyl ester inhibited morphine analgesia. Morphine-induced depression of respiratory rate was potentiated by haloperidol and inhibited by pimozide or L dopa methyl ester. These results suggest that the dopaminergic system plays a modulating role in morphine-induced analgesia, but not in morphine-induced respiratory depression. PMID- 33818 TI - Tumor acceptance modified by passage in hybrids with graft-versus-host reaction. AB - A graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) was produced in adult F1 hybrid mice by the injection of 10(8) parental strain spleen cells and 8 days later they were challenged with allogeneic third-party tumor. BALB/c Leydig cell tumor (C4092), C57BL/6 sarcoma (30795), and DBA/1 melanoma (S91) often grew progressively in B6D1F1, CD1F1, B6CF1 or their reciprocal hybrid recipients, respectively, when GVHR had been induced in these animals. Control, without GVHR, hybrids always rejected the tumor. The C4092 tumor was serially transplantable in untreated hybrids after its initial passage in unrelated GVHR-treated mice; the S91 grew in its first passage into untreated B6CF1 mice but thereafter was rejected by these hybrids; while the B6 tumor 30795 grew progressively only in the initial GVHR treated CD1F1 or reciprocal hybrids. Reduced immunogenicity of tumors resulting from passage in unrelated recipients immunosuppressed in association with a GVHR is comparable to allograft adaptation achieved by such techniques as organ culture pretreatment and presents an additional method for attenuating rejection of allotransplants. PMID- 33819 TI - Experimental hypoplastic marrow failure in the mouse. AB - In order to study the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia in man, hemopoietic stem cells were investigated in 'aplastic mice' the aplasia being induced by the immunological method. C3H/He (H-2k, Mlsc) received 600 rad whole body x irradiation followed by the transplantation of 10(7) lymph node cells prepared from B10.BR mic e (H-2k, Mlsb). The C3H/He mice developed pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia 21 days after these treatments. The total number of nucleated cells, CFU-S and CFU-C in the marrow and the wet weight and CFU-C of the spleen were markedly reduced. These findings are consistent with those of aplastic anemia in man and the model may provide a useful tool for the investigation of the pathogenesis of this anemia. Control mice that received irradiation only recovered from the damage 21 days later, while control mice that receive lymph node cells only showed no hematological changes. PMID- 33820 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: glycosyl transferase activity and the carbohydrate composition of the tegument. PMID- 33821 TI - Plasmodium falciparum: physiological interactions with the human sickle cell. PMID- 33822 TI - A rotating bottle culture method with continuous replacement of the gas phase. AB - A 'rotator' culture method is described which provides a continuous flow of oxygenating gas to cultures in rotating bottles. The system maintains constant O2 and CO2 levels in the culture medium throughout the incubation period. It also provides a more stable pH than systems with sealed culture bottles. PMID- 33823 TI - Brain microvessel hexokinase: kinetic properties. AB - Kinetic differences between brain capillary and parenchymal hexokinase in the presence of glucose, ATP. fructose, potassium, sodium and different pH were established. Parenchymal hexokinase is more susceptible to glucose inhibition, can tolerate greater variations in the ATP concentration, is inhibited by increasing concentrations of fructose and potassium, and showed greater activity on the lower pH values. The data suggest that in brain parenchyma and endothelial cells of brain microvessels, there are 2 different enzymes with regard to the kinetics properties. PMID- 33824 TI - Evidence for a neuronal release of isotopically labelled gamma-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA) from the rat dorsal medulla in vivo. AB - High potassium and electrical stimulation consistently increase efflux of labelled GABA from the in vivo superfused rat dorsal medulla in a calcium dependent fashion. The depolarizing alkaloid, veratridine, also evokes a large increase in efflux of labelled GABA. These data strongly suggest release from a neurotransmitter pool in this region. PMID- 33825 TI - Inhibition of saline-induced diuresis in the rat by sulpiride. AB - Sulpiride (120 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited saline-induced diuresis in the rat, an effect not observed with haloperidol, clozapine, pimozide or chloromazine. The antidiuretic effect of sulpiride also occurred in hypophysectomized rats suggesting that the response was not prolactin-mediated. PMID- 33826 TI - Increased lysyl oxidase activity in aortas of hypertensive rats and effect of beta-aminopropionitrile. PMID- 33827 TI - [Effects of decaspiride on cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases in the brain and lung of the rat]. PMID- 33828 TI - [Effect of neuroleptics on spontaneous and evoked noradrenaline release from brain nerve endings of rats]. AB - Spectrofluorometric determination of the noradrenaline content in the non purified fraction of the rat's brain stem synaptosomes and radioisotope method resulted in finding that carbidine is capable to release noradrenaline from the nerve endings. Azabutyron, droperidol and fluphenazine had no noticeable effect on this process. The release of noradrenaline with carbidine depends upon the presence of Ca2+ ions in the medium. This neuroleptic is also capable of intensifying the release of the mediator provoked by the potassium depolarization of the nerve endings. PMID- 33829 TI - [Antihistaminic and antiserotonin properties of new complex tropine esters]. AB - The antihistaminic and antiserotonin properties of 16 new tropine esters, analogues of atropine, tropacin and tropaphen, were studied. All of them were found to lessen the spasmogenic effects of histamine and serotonin. The intensity of the antihistaminic and antiserotonin action of the drugs varied depending upon the structure of the radical at the alpha-carbon atom in the acidic part of the molecule. Both types of the activity are most marked in the desoxymethyl propyl and butyl analogues of atropine. The absence of the oxymethyl group at alpha carbon in the series of atropine analogues is shown to facilitate the manifestation of the antihistaminic activity. PMID- 33830 TI - [Tetrahydropyridoazepine and tetrahydropyridoazepinone derivatives. I. Derivatives of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,2b]azepine and of the corresponding lactam]. AB - Preparation of N-derivatives of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,2-b]azepine and, in one case, of 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,2-b]azepine-2-one was achieved by introducing the substituents COCl, CONH2, CO2(CH2)3N(CH3)2, COCH2Br and (CH2)3N(CH3)2. The pharmacological results indicate some effect on the ANS. PMID- 33831 TI - Molecular properties of the adrenergic alpha-receptor. III - Origin of topographical dualism in the reaction of a receptor thiol with symmetrical and unsymmetrical polyamine disulfides. AB - Structure activity relationship studies previously led to the discovery of two distinct classes of tetramine-disulfides [(I) and (II)] each exhibiting optimum adrenergic alpha-blocking activity. The more potent one (I) was shown to uniquely discriminate between noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) binding sites. The unusual receptor topographical dualism toward (I) and (II) led to an investigation of the role of structural symmetry in their interaction with the receptor. To this end, a series of unsymmetrical disulfide analogs (x-z) where half of (I) was retained and the other half was made of unsubstituted N-(omega aminoalkyl)cysteamines [as present in (II) and its homologs] were synthesized and evaluated as alpha-blockers. In addition, the role of the number of basic nitrogens on activity was also examined. It was found that the presence of four nitrogens is necessary for optimum activity. Moreover, it was discovered that optimum alpha-blocking potency is obtained when the respective halves of the two best prototypes (I) and (II) of symmetrical structures are fused [compound (XVI)]. This new unsymmetrical tetramine disulfide has a potency approaching that of (I) and its receptor saturation mechanism is similar. Moreover, it also shares with (I) the ability to discriminate between NA and A elicited responses. The effect of methylation of a single inner nitrogen on potency allowed the conclusion that each half of the unsymmetrical disulfide (XVI) respectively occupy half of the sites for (I) and half of those for (II). Accordingly, the previously observed topographical dualism toward (I) and (II) can best be accommodated by a model where two distinct sets of sites crossing each other over the same receptor thiol are involved. The possible significance of the anionic site multiplicity of the alpha-receptor is briefly discussed. PMID- 33832 TI - Molecular properties of the adrenergic alpha-receptor. I--Structural requirements for specific covalent occupancy by N,N'-bis--(5-aminopentyl)cystamine derivatives. AB - The synthesis and alpha-adrenoreceptor blocking activity of several substituted analogs of the prototype alpha-blocker N,N'-bis-(5-aminopentyl)cystamine (APC) are described. The three optical forms of the analog carrying methyl groups on the carbons alpha- to the sulfurs were synthesized and shown to be equipotent and somewhat less active than APC. The omega, omega'-bis-guanidino analog of APC was less active. Significant improvement in potency was observed only with APC analogs carrying benzyl and substituted benzyl groups on the terminal nitrogens. Linking the terminal nitrogens of APC with a p.xyledenyl group so as to give the 26-membered analog caused a sharp drop in activity. The significance of these results as regards the alpha-receptor topography is discussed. PMID- 33833 TI - Use of Ca--EGTA buffers for transposing Ca2+ efflux into pH changes. Application to rod outer segment membrane vesicles. PMID- 33834 TI - The role of a transmembrane pH gradient in 5-hydroxy tryptamine uptake by synaptic vesicles from rat brain. PMID- 33835 TI - Direct biochemical evidence for the existence of alpha-adrenergic receptors in hamster white adipocyte membranes. PMID- 33836 TI - The low pH species of bacteriorhodopsin. Structure and proton pump activity. PMID- 33837 TI - Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 63rd Annual Meeting, Dallas, Texas, April 1-10, 1979. Abstracts of papers. Part I. PMID- 33838 TI - Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology 63rd Annual Meeting, Dallas, Texas, April 1-10, 1979. Abstracts of papers. Part II. PMID- 33839 TI - [First aid in infants with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 33840 TI - [Organization of physicians' assistants' health activities in a rural district]. PMID- 33841 TI - [Change in the hemodynamic indices of dogs after acute massive blood loss and the transfusion of modified globulin solutions]. PMID- 33842 TI - [Report on the centenary meeting of the Society of Hungarian Dentists (Budapest, October 5-7, 1978)]. PMID- 33843 TI - [A specific radioimmunoassay of a hCG-beta subunit in the presence of native hCG, and immunological, biological and chemical characterization of hCG and its chemically modified subunits (author's transl)]. PMID- 33844 TI - Studies of factors regulating the ageing of human erythrocytes--I. The role of pH and of divalent cations. PMID- 33845 TI - A simple method for measuring erythrocyte porphobilinogenase, and its use in the diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria. PMID- 33846 TI - Is there a membrane-bound, calcium-dependent phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase in rat brain? PMID- 33847 TI - Chemical activation of native prothrombin. PMID- 33848 TI - Presynaptic factors preconditioning synaptic activity. PMID- 33849 TI - Pharmacological and physiological correlates of variable receptor sensitivity. PMID- 33850 TI - Possible roles for purine compounds in neuronal adaptation. PMID- 33851 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of action of aldehyde reductase from pig kidney. PMID- 33852 TI - Properties of 5-hydroxyisophthalate 4-hydroxylase from a coryneform bacteria. PMID- 33853 TI - Isocitrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase in synaptic and non-synaptic rat brain mitochondria: a comparison of their kinetic constants. PMID- 33854 TI - The crystal structure of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. PMID- 33855 TI - Differences between 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase from pig placenta and human placenta [proceedings]. PMID- 33856 TI - Citrate regulation of NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase of Aspergillus niger [proceedings]. PMID- 33857 TI - Determination of the activity of 3-iodopyridine-adenine dinucleotide and its phosphate as hydride acceptors in the presence of several dehydrogenases by using a coupled redox system [proceedings]. PMID- 33858 TI - Studies on some metalloenzymes in aqueous/organic solvents at subzero temperatures [proceedings]. PMID- 33859 TI - Topography of nitrate reductase of the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli: the nitrate-reducing site [proceedings]. PMID- 33860 TI - The respiratory chain and proton electrochemical gradient in the alkalophile Bacillus pasteurii [proceedings]. PMID- 33861 TI - Phospholipases in the membranes of rat kidney lysosomes [proceedings]. PMID- 33862 TI - Initial experience with a new long-acting beta-blocker, nadolol, in hypertensive patients. AB - Nadolol, a new beta-blocker that is not metabolized and has a uniquely long pharmacological half-life (up to 24 hours) was employed as the sole drug therapy for thirty-one patients with mild to moderately severe essential hypertension. Twenty-two patients had a reduction over 3 months of 10% or more in supine diastolic pressure, including twelve who became normotensive. Daily dosage, administered in two divided doses, ranged up to 640 mg; however, twenty patients required 160 mg or less. Twenty-three patients continued therapy for a median additional period of 15 months, during which satisfactory control was maintained in seventeen patients. Side-effects of nadolol caused termination of therapy in only one patient. PMID- 33863 TI - Angina pectoris: effective therapy once daily. AB - Twenty-nine anginal patients were randomly allocated to nadolol once daily, or propranolol four times daily and titrated to optimum dosage over 14 weeks under double-blind conditions: all patients then continued on nadolol once daily. Efficacy was assessed by numbers of anginal attacks and nitroglycerin (GTN) usage, and exercise EKG on the bicycle ergometer. Results showed the two drugs to have similar effects regarding anginal attacks and GTN consumption, but nadolol produced better performance in exercise time. In the extended treatment period on nadolol, the improvements over baseline readings were maintained. No serious side effects or laboratory abnormalities were encountered. PMID- 33864 TI - Proceedings of the International Embryo Transfer Society. Fifth annual conference - 14-16 January, 1979. PMID- 33865 TI - Ontario Hospital Association Convention: encouraging patients to donate organs. PMID- 33866 TI - [Effect of prolonged pirenzepin administration on the gastric cell populations in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 33867 TI - Metabolism of the third component of complement in acute type B hepatitis, HBs antigen positive glomerulonephritis, polyarteritis nodosum, and HBs antigen positive and negative chronic active liver disease. PMID- 33868 TI - Mechanism of the inhibitory action of electric current on H+ secretion by frog gastric mucosa. PMID- 33869 TI - Takayasu's arteritis in Crohn's disease. AB - This report describes a patient with coexistent Crohn's colitis and Takayasu's arteritis involving the thoracic aorta, superior mesenteric artery, and left hepatic artery. Unlike most previously reported cases of this association, characteristic histopathology is demonstrated. This case is also unusual in that the Takayasu's arteritis presented as aneurysmal disease instead of occlusive disease. We believe that Takayasu's arteritis may represent another of the many extra-intestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 33870 TI - [Report on the round-table discussion of the subject "idea and experience" in connection with the 1977 annual meeting "process kinetics" of the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina (Halle/S., October 16, 1977)]. AB - A report is given about a round-table-discussion upon the role and meaning of "idea and experience" in the creative scientific process. Notable representatives of mathematics, theoretical physics and geophysics, chemistry, theoretical and general experimental biology, and of medicine contribute in the discussion guided by C. F. V. WEIZSACKER to this theme from point of view of their disciplines. The components of meaning of "idea and experience" in their connection one to another may be paraphrased by such pairs of terms as "theory and practice", "theoretical or empirical", "law and appearance of a single phenomenon", "unity and diversity", abstract and concrete". It was demonstrated that in each of the mentioned scientific disciplines there is a natural, and that, starting from mathematics and going to biology and medicine, the weight in that relation will shift more and more to "experience". Many of the known methodological problems and difficulties will arise in the mentioned scientific branches if one stresses immoderately only one component of "idea and experience" by leaving the natural, discipline-related range of variation of the relation "idea and experience". PMID- 33871 TI - EcoRI activity: enzyme modification or activation of accompanying endonuclease? AB - A study has been made of the factors and mechanism leading to appearance of the so-called EcoRI activity described by Polisky et al. (1975) in the restrictase EcoRI preparations. The preparations of purified restrictase EcoRI, precipitated at 0.9 ammonium sulphate saturation, as well as that obtained using standard techniques have been found to contain an admixture of an endonuclease which at neutral pH and high ionic strength multiply cleaves those DNAs which normally have only one recognition site for EcoRI. Under the standard conditions for EcoRI digestion this activity is found only when large amounts of freshly isolated enzyme are added to the incubation mixture and it is sharply enhanced by replacement of Mg2+ with Mn2+. The number and size of DNA fragments produced under such conditions practically do not differ from those found under the so called EcoRI conditions, that is for alkaline pH values and low ionic strength. The optimum incubation mixture for the EcoRI activity has been found to be 10 mM Tris . HCl buffer (pH 8.8) + 2 mM Mn2+. Similar activity is induced also by addition to EcoRI solution of 40--50% glycerol or a number of organic solvents (dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), sulphalane (SP) in concentrations from 1 to 6%. The EcoRI activity induced by 50% glycerol or at alkaline pH values and low ionic strength is suppressed or sharply inhibited by 2--3 mM parachloromercuribenzoate (PCMB), while EcoRI is not sensitive to this agent. The DNA fragments cleaved by EcoRI have cohesive termini and can be easily ligated. It is suggested that the EcoRI activity can be due not only (or largely not) to modification of the "recognizing capacity" of the EcoRI restrictase but not activation of a latent specific endonuclease which is present in the restrictase preparation as an impurity. PMID- 33872 TI - [Absence of the inhibitor factor of the Mullerian structures. Report of a case]. AB - A 30 year old patient with normal masculine phenotype, karyotype 46 XY with a congenital left inguinal hernia, was studied. This hernia contained (at surgery): uterus, tubes and a hypoplasic vagina, as well as testis. The Mullerian structures and the right testicle, were resected, and left orchidopexy was performed. FSH, LH, testosterone, prolactine, B-HCG in blood by radioimmunoanalysis, total estrogens, 17-ketosteroids and 17 hydroxicorticosteroids in urine, were all normal. Roentgenologic and endoscopic urologic studies were normal. A post-operative study of semen showed moderate oligospermia. The factors involved in masculine sexual differentiation, were reviewed, specially the inhibitory factor of Mullerian structures. PMID- 33873 TI - [Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) activity in the seminal fluid]. PMID- 33874 TI - Effect of glucagon and pentagastrin on gastric mucosal potential difference in man. AB - Glucagon given as an intravenous injection of 2 mg (0.57 mmol) or as constant intravenous infusion of 1.64 microgram/kg/h (0.47 nmol/kg/h) significantly increased gastric mucosal potential difference (PD) in man. Pentagastrin infusion of 2 microgram/kg/h (2.8 nmol/kg/h) dramatically reduced gastric PD in man. The effect of each of these hormones on PD was reversed by the administration of the other. Changes in PD induced by one hormone were not associated with reductions in blood levels of the other. There was an approximate correlation between changes in PD and pH of gastric aspirates, however, the patterns of PD and pH changes were at times dissimilar. This study indicates that administration of gastrointestinal hormones significantly alters gastric mucosal PD in man. PMID- 33875 TI - Comparative trial of sulphasalazine and oral sodium cromoglycate in the maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. AB - Patients with ulcerative colitis in remission were randomly allocated to treatment with sulphasalazine (2 g/day) or oral sodium cromoglycate (160 mg/day or 2 g/day), and the relapse rates in these treatment groups were compared during continued treatment for one year. The percentage cumulative relapse rate after 12 months' treatment was 30% in the 33 patients treated with sulphasalazine compared with 71% in the 25 treated with high dose sodium cromoglycate, a highly significant difference (P less than 0.01). Patients allocated low dose sodium cromoglycate were only treated for a maximum of six months, and the relapse rate in these 12 patients was similar to that in patients on the high dose. These results suggest that oral sodium cromoglycate is considerably less effective than sulphasalazine in maintaining remission, and by analogy with results in other trials may be no more effective than placebo tablets. PMID- 33876 TI - Favourable effect of storage at 0 degrees C on the O2 transport function of heparinized blood. AB - The biological value of heparinized blood was found to decrease less on storage at 0 degrees C than on storage at +4 degrees C. At 0 degrees C the P50 value decreases substantially later and less, the blood is less acidotic, and the UV absorption of the dialysate is less enhanced than at +4 degrees C. The findings justify a further search for the conditions suitable for the widespread practical application of storage at 0 degrees C. PMID- 33877 TI - [The 11th International Congress on Gerontology]. PMID- 33878 TI - [The 7th International Congress of the Transplantation Society, Rome. September 8, 1978]. PMID- 33879 TI - [Withdrawal of antiparkinson drugs in long term neuroleptic treatment]. PMID- 33880 TI - [Alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking actions of labetalol and effects on the myocardial function, coronary circulation and myocardial energy metabolism thereof (author's transl)]. AB - In the isolated atria, trachea and aorta of the guinea pig and in the heart-lung preparation (HLP) of the dog, labetalol was 3.6 approximately 5.9 times less potent than phentolamine in blocking alpha-adrenoceptors, 1.4 approximately 3.6 times less potent as beta 1-blocker and 6 times less potent as beta 2-blocker than propranolol. Beta 1 and beta 2-blocking actions were 12 approximately 28 and 7 times more potent than alpha-blocking action, respectively. As regards beta 1 blockade, attenuation of the heart rate increase was more prominent than that of the augmentation of the contractile force. Both in the isolated atrial preparation of the guinea pig and in canine HLP, labetalol produced a positive inotropic and chronotropic effect and a slight increase in the coronary flow associated with a slight increase in the myocardial O2 consumption and improvement of the myocardial redox potential. Myocardial extraction and usage of lactate, pyruvate and glucose tended to be decreased and those of FFA decreased significantly. The positive inotropic and chrontropic effect was observed in HLP of 6-hydroxydopamine-pretreated dogs and was abolished with propranolol. Labetalol produced a relaxation of the isolated trachea of the guinea pig, which was inhibited with propranolol. In doses higher than those required for alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade, labetalol produced calcium-antagonistic action. PMID- 33881 TI - Amylase activity of Torulopsis ingeniosa Di Menna. AB - Torulopsis ingeniosa DI MENNA was found to possess an alpha-amylase strongly attached to the cell wall, its pH optimum being at 5.5, optimum temperature at 50 degrees C, highly sensitive to thermal inactivation. The enzyme was found to be induced by starch but the synthesis is not subject to a glucose effect. PMID- 33882 TI - Production of L-glutamic acid by a Bacillus sp. AB - A strain of Bacillus cereus var. mycoides isolated from Burdwan soil produces L glutamate in the medium. The strain is able to grow and produce in a synthetic medium but supplementation with casamino acid or yeast extract improves the yield. Maintenance of pH of the fermentation medium near neutrality prolongs the active growth period and improves the yield. Glucose and ammonium nitrate were found to be most suitable carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Cane sugar molasses (as a substitute for glucose) significantly stimulated the growth but glutamate production was less. Various B vitamins stimulate the growth and glutamate yield. The yield of glutamate under optimal condition is 5.2 g/l. PMID- 33883 TI - [Proteolytic activity of the human gastric juice]. PMID- 33884 TI - [New developments in the field of bronchospasmolytics]. AB - Bronchial obstruction is mainly treated by bronchospasmolytics. They have different sites of action and work either by stimulating the beta-adrenergic receptors (beta-sympathicomimetics), by inhibiting the phosphodiesterase (theophylline-derivatives) or by blocking the cholinergic receptors (anticholinergica). Beta-sympathicomimetics do not only act via the beta receptors but also by inhibiting the degranulation of the mast cells and thus preventing the liberation of spasmogenic substances. A very promising development is ipratropium bromide, an anticholinergic with a spasmolytic effect as pronounced as that of a beta2-adrenergic substance but with hardly any adverse side-effect. Glucocorticoids which are highly effective in bronchial asthma were shown to have also an "permissive effect" towards beta-sympathicomimetics. PMID- 33885 TI - [Rational therapy of peptic ulcers]. AB - Prerequisites of rational conservative treatment of peptic gastroduodenal ulceration are rational diagnostics(endoscopy, histology, cytology), present state knowledge of peptic ulcer pathogenesis, and knowledge of the drug to be used. Treatment should aim at: pain relief, promotion of ulcer healing, prophylaxis of ulcer relapse including consideration of side-effects and costs of the drug, which should be minimal. At present, rational recommendations can be given only for the treatment of the acute ulcer attack but not as to prophylaxis of recurrences. Patients with uncomplicated peptic ulceration should be treated as outpatients, whereas in case of complications (penetration, perforation, bleeding of ulcers, symptoms of stenosis, dramatic pain, or particularly adverse living conditions at home) patients need hospitalization. PMID- 33886 TI - [Drug interactions in the intestinal tract]. AB - The mechanisms of drug-drug interactions are generally classified and interferences within the gastrointestinal tract are discussed. The latter mainly concern interactions in which absorption of a drug is affected. Unwanted reactions may easily be avoided by choosing carefully combination and time of administration of two or more drugs to be used in a patient. PMID- 33887 TI - [Testing antacid with intragastric Ph measurements and gastroscopy]. AB - In connection with the testing of an antacid in form of a suspension, pH measurement and gastroscopy are carried out in the same 11 patients. Essential criteria of the efficacy of an antacid are its buffering capacity and its retention in the stomach as a mechanical protective for the gastric mucosa. The Talcid suspension tested in this way showed a good period of stay in the stomach, often exceeding the period of acid-binding capacity. Compared with bicarbonate, its buffering period is about twice as long above pH 4.5 and about 2 1/2 times as long at lower pH's. PMID- 33888 TI - Effect of metabolic alkalosis on the B-cell sensitivity to alloxan in vivo. AB - Metabolic alkalosis was induced in starved mice by treatment with NaHCO3, which did not significantly alter the blood glucose concentration, but protected against the diabetogenic effect of subsequently given alloxan. This protection and the alkalosis had disappeared 4 hr after NaHCO3 treatment. Protection against alloxan, and metabolic alkalosis, were found also in starved mice pretreated with sodium lactate. The findings indicate that metabolic alkalosis, directly or indirectly, protects against alloxan toxicity in vivo. PMID- 33889 TI - Comparison of two pig intestinal brush border peptidases with the corresponding renal enzymes. AB - Intestinal dipeptidyl peptidase IV and gamma-glutamyltransferase were compared to the corresponding kidney enzymes with respect to immunological and electrophoretic properties. The influences of selected effectors on the two enzymes were also studied. The two kidney peptidases exhibited the reaction of total identity with the corresponding intestinal enzymes in immunodiffusion. Furthermore, the intestinal dipeptidyl peptidase IV and gamma-glutamyl transferase showed the same inhibition patterns as the corresponding kidney enzymes and the acceptor specificity of the intestinal gamma-glutamyl-transferase was found to be identical to that of the kidney enzyme. The electrophoretic mobilities of dipeptidyl peptidase IV from the two organs differed greatly. The difference was almost abolished by treatment with neuraminidase, suggesting that the variation in mobility was due to different contents of sialic acid. It is suggested that the intestinal brush border peptidases, dipeptidyl peptidase IV and gamma-glutamyltransferase, are closely related to the corresponding enzymes obtained from the kidney. PMID- 33890 TI - Treating acutely psychotic patients with high doses of neuroleptic drugs. PMID- 33891 TI - Report of the Mid-West Health Congress: Califano and McMahon renew battle over cost containment. PMID- 33892 TI - Repulsive van der Waals forces. I. Complete dissociation of antigen-antibody complexes by means of negative van der Waals forces. PMID- 33893 TI - Effect of dietaty protein status on the activities of hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase & tyrosine aminotransferase & their induction. PMID- 33894 TI - A note on the 1976 epidemic of Japanese encephalitis in Burdwan district, West Bengal. PMID- 33895 TI - XXII Annual conference of the Indian Public Health Association, Haryana Agri. University, Hissar, February 24--26, 1978. PMID- 33896 TI - New aspects of joint inflammation: white cells and prostaglandins. Proceedings of a symposium held in San Francisco, June 28, 1977, XIV International Congress of Rheumatology. PMID- 33897 TI - [Psychiatric intensive therapy after acute alkaloid withdrawal syndrome]. AB - Two groups of patients (nine patients each) were treated for acute alcaloid withdrawal-syndromes. One group was given peroral neuroleptic medication, the other was treated by neuroleptic cocktail administered via vena subclavia catheter. By statistic comparison of the two methods the superiority of the latter could be shown in that duration of withdrawal, the syndrome itself and hallucinatory transitional psychoses could be drastically reduced. A suitable prescription and dosages of the neuroleptic cocktail are presented. The results are compared to the ones in current literature. PMID- 33898 TI - Correlation between in vivo and in vitro functional tests for activated macrophages. AB - Mice undergoing graft-versus-host reaction, skin grafting, and inoculation with tumor cells were tested for nonspecific resistance by intravenous challenge with Listeria monocytogenes. Peritoneal exudate macrophages from mice treated in a similar manner were tested in vitro for increased degradation of [1-14C]glucose, ability to degrade antigen/antibody complexes, ability to inhibit intracellular growth of listeria, and staining for beta-galactosidase. There was good correlation between in vivo resistance towards L. monocytogenes and in vitro inhibition of intracellular growth. There was also good correlation between increase in beta-galactosidase and in vivo resistance in mice undergoing a graft versus-host-reaction. PMID- 33899 TI - Regulation of lactose catabolism in Streptococcus mutans: purification and regulatory properties of phospho-beta-galactosidase. AB - Phospho-beta-galactosidase (P-beta-gal), the enzyme which catalyzes the first step in the metabolism of intracellular lactose phosphate, occurred at high specific activity in the cytoplasm in 12 of 13 strains of streptococcus mutans grown on lactose but not other carbon sources. The P-beta-gal from S. mutans SL1 was purified 13-fold using diethylaminoethyl-cellulose ion exchange and agarose A -0.5 M molecular exclusion column chromatography. The molecualr weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 40,000, and its pH optimum was 6.5 in three different buffer systems. P-beta-gal activity was inhibited by Co2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+, but other cations, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, orthophosphate, and fluoride had no effect upon enzyme activity. The kinetic response of P-beta-gal to a model substrate, o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside-6-phosphate, obeyed Michaelis Menten kinetics, and the Km for this substrate was 0.19 mM. In addition to being under genetic control, P-beta-gal activity was regulated by a number of biologically active metabolites. Enzyme activity was inhibited in a sigmoidal fashion by phosphoenolpyruvate. The M 0.5 V value for phosphoenolpyruvate was 2.8 mM, and the Hill coefficient (n) was 3. In addition, P-beta-gal exhibited strong inhibition by ATP, galactose-6-phosphate, and glucose-6-phosphate. In contrast to inhibition of P-beta-gal activity by phosphoenolpyruvate, the inhibition exerted by ATP, galactose-6-phosphate, and glucose-6-phosphate obeyed classical Michaelis Menten kinetics; the Ki values for these inhibitors were 0.55, 1.6, and 4.0 mM, respectively. PMID- 33900 TI - Nutritional requirements for synthesis of heat-labile enterotoxin by enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli. AB - Optimal growth conditions have been established for production of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) by both porcine and human strains of enterotoxigenic (ENT(+)) Escherichia coli. There were no unusual growth factor requirements, and some strains produced fairly high levels of LT in a basal salts medium containing 0.5% glucose if the pH was carefully controlled. Several amino acids markedly stimulated LT synthesis when added to the basal salts-glucose medium. Methionine and lysine were the most stimulatory for both human and porcine strains. Either aspartic acid or glutamic acid further enhanced LT synthesis in the presence of methionine and lysine, with aspartic acid being more stimulatory for porcine strains and glutamic acid more stimulatory for human strains. There were no apparent vitamin requirements and no unusual cations needed for toxin synthesis except that Fe(3+) was slightly stimulatory for porcine strains. The stimulation by Fe(3+) was observed only in the presence of the three amino acids, suggesting that the effect was indirect rather than on toxin synthesis. The carbon source also influenced the yield of LT. Glucose supported maximal synthesis, but other carbon sources which exhibit a high degree of catabolite repression also supported high levels of synthesis. Little or no LT was released below pH 7.0; therefore, because the pH drops during growth from 7.5 to 6.8, even in highly buffered media, it was necessary to adjust the pH to 8.0 to effect complete release of cell-associated toxin. The defined medium containing three amino acids reduced the amount of UV-absorbing material in culture supernatants about fivefold and increased LT activity for various strains from two- to fivefold over a complex Casamino Acids-yeast extract medium. Conditions found to be optimal for synthesis of LT were inhibitory for the heat-stable enterotoxin. PMID- 33901 TI - Effect of growth rate and glucose concentration on the activity of the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system in Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt grown in continuous culture. AB - Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt was grown anaerobically in a chemostat with a glucose limitation, as well as with an excess of glucose (amino acid limitation) at dilution rates (D) between 0.05 and 0.4 h(-1) (mean generation time = 12 to 1.5 h). The glucose-limited culture produced cells having 1.5- to 6.0-fold greater glycolytic activity than the cells from the glucose-excess culture. The preferred substrate for these cells was glucose, with the glycolytic rate for sucrose being only slightly lower; the rate for fructose was half that of glucose. The glycolytic rate of the glucose-limited cells was maximum at D = 0.1 h(-1), with a decline in rate as the growth rate approached D = 0.4 h(-1). A comparison of the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS) in the two types of cells showed that the glucose-limited cells had 1.7- to 5.6 fold greater PTS activity for the three sugars than the glucose-excess-grown cells. Whereas little difference was seen between the three sugars with the latter cells, the glucose-PTS had the greatest activity with glucose-limited cells, with the maximum in cells grown at D = 0.1 h(-1). Comparison of the rate of sugar uptake in the chemostat with the rate of PTS transport activity in the cells at each growth rate demonstrated that only under conditions of slow growth with a glucose limitation was the PTS system capable of supporting growth on glucose. Furthermore, PTS activity in cells grown with an excess of glucose was insignificant when compared with glucose uptake during growth in the chemostat. This evidence supports the observation that S. mutans possesses at least one other system, in addition to the PTS, for the transport of glucose into the cell. The organism was, however, devoid of glucose-proton symport transport activity. PMID- 33902 TI - Longitudinal study of experimentally induced periodontal disease in Macaca arctoides: relationship between microflora and alveolar bone loss. AB - Macaca arctoides monkeys develop periodontal disease, and they harbor a periodontopathic indigenous flora largely similar to that of humans. This study showed that various Haemophilus isolates and H2O2-splitting asaccharolytic Bacteroides melaninogenicus strains constituted major segments of the monkey periodontal microflora. These organisms have not been previously identified among human isolates. Furthermore, the present data revealed that asaccharolytic B. melaninogenicus strains increased in proportion from a few percent to about 66% of the total isolates concomitant with the development of a significant loss of alveolar bone mass. Hence, this study strongly implicates B. melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus and closely related strains as important pathogens in actively destructive periodontal disease. PMID- 33903 TI - Cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae CS7: peptidoglycan protein complex. AB - Treatment of cells grown to exponential phase with 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 3 h at 100 degrees C resulted in solubilization of all cellular components except for peptidoglycan. In most strains, cells cultured in liquid gonococcal broth at pH 7.2 yielded a peptidoglycan composed primarily of N-acetylmuramic acid N acetylglucosamine, alanine, glutamic acid, and diaminopimelic acid in a molar ratio of 1:1:2:1:1. The peptidoglycan in these cells accounted for 1 to 2% (dry weight) of the cells. However, in cells cultured at pH 6.0, the dry weight of peptidoglycan increased to 4 to 13%. Preliminary investigations indicated that the apparent increase in weight is strain dependent and is due in part to associated protein(s). Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain CS7 had elevated amounts of protein associated with the peptidoglycan regardless of growth pH. The peptidoglycan-protein complex could not be dissociated by additional extraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate, 10 M LiCl2, or ethylenediaminetetraacetate or by 7.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The complex could be degraded by lysozyme, trypsin, chymotrypsin, Pronase B, and Chalaropsis sp. muramidase. PMID- 33904 TI - Pneumococcal adherence to human epithelial cells. AB - Evidence is presented that pneumococci adhere poorly to oropharyngeal cells in vitro and that the capsule may interfere with adherence. A brief survey indicated that pneumococci may also adhere poorly in vivo. PMID- 33905 TI - Inhibition of the interaction between the complement component Clq and immune complexes. AB - Several groups of compounds were examined for their ability to inhibit in vitro the binding of Clq to insoluble immune complexes. As expected from previous studies, polyinosinic acid, liquoid, sodium pentosan polysulfate, aliphatic diamines and heparin are good inhibitors. This study shows that compounds with much lower toxicity, such as certain amino acids and substances with vitamin B6 activity (pyridoxal-5-phosphate:P5P) were also capable of decreasing the binding of Clq. Using methods of equilibrium dialysis and difference spectra, it was shown that this compound binds to both, Clq und IgG antibody by forming Schiff bases. Clq binds approximately 10 times more P5P when compared to IgG. Immune complexes prepared with IgG antibody modified by P5P and stabilized with sodium borohydride had the same complement-fixing and Clq-binding capacity as normal immune complexes. This suggests that the inhibition of Clq-binding to immune complexes by P5P is due to a modification of lysyl resides in Clq. Collagen and IgG fragments derived from Fc were also found to inhibit Clq binding to immune complexes, but at higher concentrations than the above small-molecular compounds and with a different mode of action. PMID- 33906 TI - Clinical and laboratory findings on admission to an alcohol detoxification service. AB - A review of 260 consecutive admissions for alcoholic withdrawal to the Alcohol Detoxification Service of the Los Angeles County--University of Southern California Medical Center shows that 98% of the patients fulfill the criteria for alcoholism as stated by the National Council of Alcoholism Criteria Committee. Previous alcoholic history, current symptoms, physical findings, and laboratory tests indicate frequent multiple organ dysfunction in acute alcohol withdrawal. Hallucinations occurrred in more than 46% of patients with a blood alcohol over 100 mg%. More than 90% of the patients had one or more abnormal laboratory values, and the serum gamma glutamyl transpeptidase was the most commonly elevated laboratory test. PMID- 33907 TI - Tubal reanastomosis using absorbable stent. PMID- 33909 TI - A comment on tubal microsurgery--1977 [proceedings]. PMID- 33908 TI - Microsurgery in infertility. PMID- 33910 TI - Fallopian tube transplantation and its future [proceedings]. PMID- 33911 TI - The selection of patients for tubal microsurgery [proceedings]. PMID- 33912 TI - Tubal microsurgery. The opinions of the experts [proceedings]. PMID- 33913 TI - Tubal surgery [proceedings]. PMID- 33914 TI - Animal and human oviducts and reanastomosis. PMID- 33915 TI - Uterotubal implantation and obstetric outcome after previous sterilization [proceedings]. PMID- 33916 TI - When is the operating microscope necessary? [proceedings]. PMID- 33917 TI - Routine for microsurgical tubal reanastomosis [proceedings]. PMID- 33918 TI - Microsurgery [proceedings]. PMID- 33919 TI - Recent advances in diagnosis and management of galactorrhea. AB - Using prolactin suppression (L-dopa) and provocative (thorazine) tests along with the clomid test the intactness of hypothalamico-pituitary axis was assessed in a group of eight patients with galactorrhea syndrome. Pituitary neoplasm was suspected in three cases on the basis of elevated plasma prolactin and its abnormal response to L-dopa, thorazine, and clomid tests. Trans-sphenoidal exploration of the pituitary gland in these three cases confirmed the diagnosis. In these cases, however, the commonly used parameters for evaluation of the pituitary gland (skull X ray, visual field measurement, echoencephalogram, etc.) failed to reveal the presence of the pituitary lesions. In two of the three cases, normal menses recurred following extirpation of the tumors and conception was achieved successfully. In the remaining patient the operation failed to remove the entire pituitary lesion and it was necessary to irradiate the pituitary gland as the patient continued to have persistent galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia. The importance of the prolactin assay, and its response to stimulation and suppression tests for proper evaluation of galactorrhea was fully discussed. PMID- 33920 TI - Treatment of infertility caused by antisperm antibodies. AB - Twenty infertile couples with antisperm antibodies in the male or in the female partner were scheduled for treatment. In 15 couples the male and in 5 couples the female partner was the antisperm antibody carrier. In all the couples the result of the in vivo and in vitro sperm-penetration test was negative or poor. The SCMC test was strongly positive in each of the couples. In all the couples IgG and IgA antisperm antibodies could be demonstrated on the spermatozoa or in the cervical mucus. It was postulated that antisperm IgA and not antisperm IgG is responsible for the penetration reduction of spermatozoa in cervical mucus and for the "shaking phenomenon" in the SCMC-test. Intrauterine inseminations, performed in 20 couples, resulted in four pregnancies. Condom therapy in three couples, for at lest 6 months, had no result. Two men were treated with 96 mg methylprednisolone per day for 7 days; this resulted in a slight decrease of the sperm-agglutination titre, but no pregnancy occurred. PMID- 33921 TI - The "unexplained" poor postcoital test. AB - In 30 or 32 infertile couples with an unexplained negative or bad in vivo and in vitro sperm penetration test, we obtained a strongly positive Sperm Cervical Mucus Contact test (SCMC-test) and demonstrated the presence of antisperm antibodies in the male or female partner. In these 30 couples 25 of the male partners had a sperm-agglutination titre of at least 32 in the serum and at least 4 in the seminal plasma. In the five remaining couples the female partner showed a minimum sperm-agglutination titre of 16 in the serum and a cervical mucus titre of at least 128. In 48 couples with a fair or good sperm penetration in cervical mucus, in vivo and in vitro, we never found a strongly positive SCMC-test. In 43 of these couples the SCMC-test was negative. Only one man in the latter group had sperm-agglutinating activity in the semen. In a group 32 couples, with a negative SCMC-test, there was no or only weak sperm-agglutinating activity in the cervical mucus, although 2 women had moderate sperm-agglutinating activity in the blood serum. Based on these data we conclude that the so called "unexplained" poor postcoital test is almost always due to the presence of antisperm antibodies in the semen or in the cervical mucus. We consider the SCMC-test not only to be a simple and reliable technique for detecting the presence of these antisperm antibodies, but also a method of demonstrating the mechanism by which antisperm antibodies decrease the chance of conception. PMID- 33922 TI - A quantitative study of the effects of acetylsalicylic acid on spermatogenesis and organs of the rat. AB - Although the occurrence of prostaglandins in the male reproductive organs is consistent, their physiological role in fertility and reproduction is not known. The influence of acetylsalicylic acid, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, on the male reproductive tract was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats of proven fertility. Acetylsalicylic acid dissolved in phosphate buffer was administered once a day at two dosages (300 mg/kg body weight and 150 mg/kg body weight) over a period of 12 days and a period of 6 days. The animals were killed 24 hours after the final treatment and the testes, epididymides, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, kidneys, and adrenal glands were removed and placed in Bouin's solution. Subsequently, the tissues were cleaned and weighed and the testes were prepared for quantitative study under the light microscope. Organ weights were not significantly altered in the animals that were treated with acetylsalicylic acid. Cell counts indicated that there was a significant increase in the mean number of preleptotene spermatocytes and spermatids in those animals treated with the drug for 6 days at a dose of 150 mg/kg body weight. Treatment at the same dosage for a period of 12 days produced a significant decrease in the mean numbers of preleptotene and pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids. The mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules was also significantly decreased in the latter group of animals. In the group of animals treated with ASA for 12 days at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubules was significantly increased. No clear conclusion as to the effect of the drug on spermatogenesis or the various organs could be drawn. PMID- 33923 TI - Significance of sperm antibodies in human fertility. AB - Indirect immunofluorescent, macroagglutination and immobilizing sperm antibody estimations were performed as part of a prospective study on a representative group of 63 infertile couples. Serum from both, cervical mucus and seminal plasma were tested and the clinical use of the tests evaluated by considering the pregnancies that occurred and the causes of infertility that were discovered in the subsequent year. The indirect immunofluorescent test had the largest number of positives although more were found in seminal plasma than elsewhere. In these, both male and cervical factors were implicated and in this media there were less positives pregnant with the acrosome and midpiece patterns absent. The macroagglutination test had no positives pregnant and again more significance was attached to positives in the male. Similarly, immobilization results showed most positives in seminal plasma where the male and cervical factors featured prominently. It would, therefore, appear that if any clinical use is to be derived from the three tests in the search for antisperm antibodies as a cause of infertility, testing the male and especially seminal plasma appears to correlate best. If treatment is to be recommended, therefore, it should be concentrated on the man. PMID- 33924 TI - Correlation between in vivo inhibition of gonadotropin release induced by LH-RH and the blockade of ovulation by synthetic analogues of LH-RH. AB - Several antagonists of LH-RH were examined for their anti-LH/FSH releasing activities in an immature male rat assay and for their ability to block ovulation. The in vivo inhibition of the release of LH and FSH induced by LH-RH over a 4-h period of time and the antiovulatory activity of these analogues were parallel to each other. The analogues that exhibited at least a 95% inhibition of LH and 77% of FSH release at 1 h and 75% and 40% of FSH release at 4 h in immature male rats, gave high blockade of ovulation. [D-Phe2, D-Trp3, D-Phe6]-LH RH was the most potent analogue of the series and it seems to be active in men. PMID- 33925 TI - The correlation between sperm count and testicular biopsy using a new scoring system. AB - Biopsies of 320 testes were evaluated and a new scoring system for describing testicular biopsies was used. This scoring system uses four criteria in the evaluation of the biopsy: the diameter of the tubules (D), the thickness of the peritubular membrane (M), the population of cells within the tubules (P), and the spermatogenic maturation degree (S). The score of each biopsy was correlated to the sperm count of each patient. A typical correlation between the biopsy score and the sperm count was found in cases with sperm count between 0 and 12 million/cc. The clinical value of the new scoring system in describing typical clinical syndromes and in the evaluation of the prognosis of treatment was emphasized. PMID- 33926 TI - Delayed diagnosis in a case of secondary amenorrhea caused by a long arm isochromosome--X; i(xq). AB - Secondary amenorrhea was observed in a 27-year-old woman with a structurally abnormal isochromosome--X, i(Xq), in all cells analyzed. The apparent phenotypical variability that may be observed in subjects with functional monosomy for the short arm of X, must be taken into consideration when patients with amenorrhea are clinically investigated. A correct, and early diagnosis of the etiology of the dysgenetic state of the gonads may only be obtained by accurate cytogenetic investigations, i.e., by utilizing various modern banding techniques. PMID- 33927 TI - Clinicopathologic implications and diagnosis of nongranulomatous nonspecific endometritis. AB - The analysis of 600 subsequent endometrial biopsies from urban gynecologic outpatient clinics was carried out with special regard to nongranulomatous and nonspecific endometritis. The total incidence of inflammatory changes reached 10.8%; after excluding all postabortion and puerperal endometria 9.4% of the curettings showed endometritis. The relative occurrence of acute, subacute, and chronic disease was respectively 6.2, 30.8, and 63.0%. The etiologic factor remained obscure in 64.7% of all the cases. The influence of inflammatory changes on the hormonally induced modifications of the endometrium are discussed. PMID- 33928 TI - The separation of peptide hormone diastereoisomers by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Factors affecting separation of oxytocin and its diastereoisomers--structural implications. AB - Experimental conditions and parameters involved in high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separations of the peptide hormone oxytocin and seven of its diastereoisomers, namely [1-hemi-D-cystine]-, [2-D-tyrosine]-, [4-D glutamine]-, [5-D-asparagine]-, [6-hemi-D-cystine-], [7-D-proline]-, and [8-D leucine]-oxytocin, on reverse phase columns were investigated. The effects of solvent, pH, and salt concentration were studied. Using the solvent systems 10% tetrahydrofuran-ammonium acetate buffer or 18% acetonitrile-ammonium acetate buffer and the muBondapak C18 support, oxytocin was separated from each of its diastereoisomers under all conditions studied, but the order of elution of diastereoisomers was highly dependent on solvent and to a lesser extent on pH. Separations of the hormone and its diastereoisomers on reverse phase HPLC and on classical partition chromatography on Sephadex G-25 were compared. The results are discussed in terms of the interactions of the solute with the reverse phase column and the solvent system. Implications of these findings in terms of the different solution conformations of the peptides are discussed. PMID- 33929 TI - Haloacetyl groups as reversible protection of the amino function: cleavage with 2 aminothiophenol. AB - Haloacetylamino acids and haloacetyl peptides react rapidly with 2 aminothiophenol in weakly alkaline media to yield 2-aminothiophenoxyacetyl derivatives. These intermediates are subject to acidolysis under mild conditions with release of free amino acids or peptides. With this mild method for removal of the haloacetyl group N-haloacetoxysuccinimide derivatives, which rapidly and specifically acylate amino groups of polypeptides in aqueous solutions, become promising reagents for the reversible protection of amino groups. The chloroacetylation of amino groups in lima bean trypsin inhibitor and the quantitative removal of the chloroacetyl groups demonstrate the applicability of the method for polypeptides. The haloacetyl group also serves an analytical function in that treatment of a completely or partially haloacetylated polypeptide with cysteine forms one carboxymethylcysteine residue per haloacetyl group in the polypeptide derivative. Carboxymethylcysteine is readily measured by amino acid analysis of acid hydrolysates. Approaches to further improvement of conditions for removal of haloacetyl groups are discussed and potential applications of the general chemistry of 2-haloacids to modern polypeptide chemistry are outlined. PMID- 33930 TI - Identification and observation of alkyl proton resonances of the amino-terminal residues of bovine neurophysins. Evidence for conformational differences between neurophysin-I and neurophysin-II. AB - Analysis of the 220 MHz proton magnetic resonance spectra of bovine neurophysins I and -II and of the effects of pH and succinylation of these spectra has allowed identification of the -CH3 proton resonances of the amino-terminal alanine of both proteins and of the -CH3 resonances of methionine-2 of neurophysin-II. The alanine -CH3 resonance of neurophysin-I is a sharp doublet at all pH values between 1 and 10.5 indicating relatively few restrictions on its mobility. By contrast, the -CH3 resonances of the amino-terminal alanine and methionine-2 of neurophysin-II undergo pH-dependent changes in broadening compatible with the formation of an intramolecular salt-bridge at neutral pH between the protonated alpha-amino and an unprotonated side chain carboxyl. The results suggest that differeces in the properties of the two proteins are partially mediated by conformational differences involving their amino-terminal sequences. The potential usefulness of the amino-terminal resonances as n.m.r. 'reporter' signals is additionally demonstrated by studies of the effects of spin labels on the neurophysin-I amino-terminal alanine resonance; these studies place the amino terminus of neurophysin-I approximately 14 A from residue 3 of peptides bound to the strong neurophysin hormone-binding site. PMID- 33931 TI - Studies of the interaction of bovine neurophysin-II with [1-hemi-D-(3 13C)cystine] oxytocin and [1-hemi-(3-13C)cystine] oxytocin. PMID- 33932 TI - [Dermatologic societies' proceedings. Society of Schleswig-Holstein Dermatologists; scientific meeting on 9 November 1977 in the Medical University of Lubeck]. PMID- 33933 TI - Liver damage in the hemolytic uremic syndrome. AB - During the recovery stage of the hemolytic uremic syndrome in 2 cases an increase of serum levels of GOT, GPT, LDH, gammaGT, 5'ND and AP was noticed, without signs of a recurrence of the disease. In one patient also jaundice and hepatomegaly were found. The observations suggest a parenchymal damage of the liver. PMID- 33934 TI - Oculocutaneous tyrosinosis. Report of two cases in the same family. AB - Clinical and biochemical evidence of oculocutaneous tyrosinosis, a rare disease due to hepatic soluble tyrosine aminotransferase (STAT) deficiency, was found in a 3 1/2-year-old girl and in her maternal aunt. Different expressivity of this disease, resulting in clinical heterogeneity, is shown to occur commonly according to the cases reported in this as well as in previous studies. The metabolic pathways leading to the unexpected excretion of phenolic acids in urine are reviewed, and the need for early diagnosis and dietary treatment, in order to prevent corneal clouding and brain damage is finally stressed. PMID- 33935 TI - Proceedings of the Twenty-Second National Osteopathic Research Conference: Part 6. PMID- 33936 TI - Fetal demise, an accurate diagnosis. PMID- 33937 TI - Management of drug overdose. Rapid whole-gut evacuation. PMID- 33938 TI - Immunology of atopy. PMID- 33939 TI - Case report: Constrictive pericarditis. PMID- 33940 TI - Acid-base curve nomogram for chimpanzee blood and comparison with human blood characteristics. AB - An acid-base nomogram for chimpanzee blood was constructed. Blood was drawn from eight lightly anesthetized chimpanzees. Each sample of blood was oxygenated and nine aliquots were prepared with three different concentrations of hemoglobin and three different amounts of added acid or base. Each aliquot was equilibrated at two PCO2 levels and the pH was measured and plotted on pH-logPCO2 coordinates. Using the intersection point of these pH-logPCO2 lines as a point of equal hemoglobin-independent "base excess" for each condition, values for true base excess were plotted. Connecting these values provided a Cartesian PCO2-pH base excess nomogram for the chimpanzee comparable to that devised by Siggaard Andersen for humans. Examination of blood from normal human subjects by the same methods showed no appreciable differences from the original Siggaard-Andersen nomogram. However, the PCO2-pH-base excess nomogram for chimpanzee blood deviated slightly from that for human blood. It is possible that the deviation is related to an arterial bicarbonate concentration in the chimpanzee slightly higher than that in human. PMID- 33941 TI - Textbook selection for associate degree nursing programs (an evaluative study). PMID- 33942 TI - The nurse's role with parents of the dying child. PMID- 33943 TI - The effects of clinical teaching on the budgets of schools of nursing. PMID- 33944 TI - Teaching strategy and learner performance. PMID- 33945 TI - TA: a useful tool in the teaching-learning process. PMID- 33946 TI - Maximizing videotaped learning of interpersonal skills. PMID- 33947 TI - Organizational autonomy for nursing education. PMID- 33948 TI - A comparison of mental health nursing education in the United Kingdom and the psychiatric component of a baccalaureate program in the United States. PMID- 33949 TI - The older student--stress or success on campus. PMID- 33950 TI - The coronary care unit: practical psychological aspects of specialized nursing. PMID- 33951 TI - Alternative leadership experiences for senior students in an acute care setting. PMID- 33952 TI - How to select clinical agencies for clinical experiences in baccalaureate nursing education. PMID- 33953 TI - Education: a way to theory construction in nursing. PMID- 33954 TI - Effects of clinical setting on anxiety and achievement in psychiatric nursing education. PMID- 33955 TI - Behavior rehearsal revisited: a multi-faceted tool for the instructor. PMID- 33956 TI - Anesthesia of swine under field conditions. PMID- 33957 TI - Proceedings of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. July 1978. The summer meeting for the session 1977--8 was held on Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, 18, 19 and 20 July at the Department of Anatomy, University of Glasgow. abstracts of papers. PMID- 33958 TI - Glutamine synthetase regulation, adenylylation state, and strain specificity analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - We used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to examine the regulation and adenylylation states of glutamine synthetases (GSs) from Escherichia coli (GS(E)) and Klebsiella aerogenes (GS(K)). In gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), we found that GS(K) had a mobility which differed significantly from that of GS(E). In addition, for both GS(K) and GS(E), adenylylated subunits (GS(K) adenosine 5'-monophosphate [AMP] and GS(E)-AMP) had lesser mobilities in SDS gels than did the corresponding non-adenylylated subunits. The order of mobilities was GS(K)-AMP < GS(K) < GS(E)-AMP < GS(E). We were able to detect these mobility differences with purified and partially purified preparations of GS, crude cell extracts, and whole cell lysates. SDS gel electrophoresis thus provided a means of estimating the adenylylation state and the quantity of GS present independent of enzymatic activity measurements and of determining the strain origin. Using SDS gels, we showed that: (i) the constitutively produced GS in strains carrying the glnA4 allele was mostly adenylylated, (ii) the GS-like polypeptide produced by strains carrying the glnA51 allele was indistinguishable from wild-type GS(K), and (iii) strains carrying the glnA10 allele contained no polypeptide having the mobility of GS(K) or GS(K)-AMP. Using native polyacrylamide gels, we detected the increased amount of dodecameric GS present in cells grown under nitrogen limitation compared with cells grown under conditions of nitrogen excess. In native gels there was neither a significant difference in the mobilities of adenylylated and non-adenylylated GSs nor a GS-like protein in cells carrying the glnA10 allele. PMID- 33959 TI - Purification and properties of phosphoglycerate phosphomutase from spores and cells of Bacillus megaterium. AB - Phosphoglycerate phosphomutase has been purified to homogeneity from vegetative cells and germinated spores of Bacillus megaterium, and the spore and cell enzymes appear identical. The enzyme is a monomer of molecular weight 61,000. The compound 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid is not required for activity, but the enzyme has an absolute and specific requirement for Mn2+. The enzyme is inhibited by ethylenediaminetetraacetate and sulfhydryl reagents, has a pH optimum of about 8.0, and has Km values for 3-phosphoglyceric acid and Mn2+ of 5 x 10(-4) and 4 x 10(-5) M, respectively. PMID- 33960 TI - Peptidoglycan synthesis in cocci and rods of a pH-dependent, morphologically conditional mutant of Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Mir M7 is a spontaneous morphologically conditional mutant of Klebsiella pneumoniae which grows as round cells (cocci) at pH 7 and as normal rods at pH 5.8. We studied the rates of peptidoglycan synthesis of cocci and rods growing at pH values of 7 and 5.8, respectively. It was found that exponentially growing cocci produced a reduced amount of peptidoglycan per cell, compared with rods. Moreover, a shift of cocci to the permissive pH (5.8) caused an increase in the rate of peptidoglycan synthesis, whereas the reverse shift of rods to pH 7 determined a twofold reduction in the rate of [(3)H]diaminopimelic acid incorporation. During synchronous growth at pH 7, the rate of peptidoglycan synthesis after cell division decreased with time and rose before and during the first division. The susceptibilities of rods and cocci to beta-lactam antibiotics were also studied. It was found that cocci were more sensitive both to penicillin G and to cephalexin than were rods, but they showed a high level of resistance to mecillinam. The peculiar behavior of this mutant was interpreted as supporting the existence in bacterial rods of two different sites for peptidoglycan synthesis: one responsible for lateral wall elongation and one responsible for septum formation. In Mir M7, shape damage is described as dependent on the specific inhibition, at the nonpermissive pH, of the site for lateral wall extension. PMID- 33961 TI - A plasmid in Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid has been detected in three related laboratory strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Strains D39S, R36, and R36NC each contain a minimum of two copies per cell of a 2.0-megadalton plasmid (pDP1). A plasmid twice as large as this smaller one is also present in much lower quantity in these strains, but neither plasmid is present in four strains related to these or in a drug-resistant clinical isolate from Paris. The plasmid yield was not amplified in the presence of chloramphenicol. No phenotype has been correlated with the presence of pDP1, which has existed in strains carried for many years in laboratory collections. PMID- 33962 TI - Cellulases released during the germination of Dictyostelium discoideum spores. AB - Dormant spores of Dictyostelium discoideum contained cellulase at a specific activity of 130 to 140 U/mg of protein; when heat activated, the spores germinated, progressively releasing the cellulase activity into the extracellular medium. The cellulase release was a selective process and resulted in recovery of the cellulase activity at a specific activity of 2,000 U/mg of protein; beta glucosidase in the spores remained completely associated with the emerging amoebae. Release of the cellulase required heat activation of the spores and occurred during the swelling stage of germination; inhibition of the emergence stage with cycloheximide had no effect on the release of the cellulase. The cellulase activity released consisted of two enzymes whose molecular weights were 136,000 and 69,000. Studies of their pH optima, heat lability, and of their sensitivity to inhibition revealed no distinctive differences between these two proteins. Analysis on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex columns showed that the higher molecular-weight protein could be converted into the lower-molecular-weight component in vitro. PMID- 33963 TI - Purification and properties of the manganese-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Phosphoglycerate mutase of Bacillus subtilis was purified to apparent homogeneity. It specifically required manganese ions for stability and activity, but it does not need 2,3-diphosphoglycerate as cofactor; the Km for Mn2+ is about 4.5 micrometer. Enzyme activity was inhibited by heavy-metal ions, 2,3 butanedione, and sulfhydryl agents. The mutase has a molecular weight of about 74,000 as shown by Sephadex gel filtration and by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate; it consisted of one polypeptide. PMID- 33964 TI - Oxidation of carbon monoxide in cell extracts of Pseudomonas carboxydovorans. AB - Extracts of aerobically, CO-autotrophically grown cells of Pseudomonas carboxydovorans were shown to catalyze the oxidation of CO to CO(2) in the presence of methylene blue, pyocyanine, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, or toluylene blue under strictly anaerobic conditions. Viologen dyes and NAD(P)(+) were ineffective as electron acceptors. The same extracts catalyzed the oxidation of formate and of hydrogen gas; the spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for the three substrates, CO, formate, and H(2). The CO- and the formate oxidizing activities were found to be soluble enzymes, whereas hydrogenase was membrane bound exclusively. The rates of oxidation of CO, formate, and H(2) were measured spectrophotometrically following the reduction of methylene blue. The rate of carbon monoxide oxidation followed simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics; the apparent K(m) for CO was 45 muM. The reaction rate was maximal at pH 7.0, and the temperature dependence followed the Arrhenius equation with an activation energy (DeltaH(0)) of 35.9 kJ/mol (8.6 kcal/mol). Neither free formate nor hydrogen gas is an intermediate of the CO oxidation reaction. This conclusion is based on the differential sensitivity of the activities of formate dehydrogenase, hydrogenase, and CO dehydrogenase to heat, hypophosphite, chlorate, cyanide, azide, and fluoride as well as on the failure to trap free formate or hydrogen gas in coupled optical assays. These results support the following equation for CO oxidation in P. carboxydovorans: CO + H(2)O --> CO(2) + 2 H(+) + 2e(-) The CO oxidizing activity of P. carboxydovorans differed from that of Clostridium pasteurianum by not reducing viologen dyes and by a pH optimum curve that did not show an inflection point. PMID- 33965 TI - Nitroalkane oxidation by streptomycetes. AB - Crude cell-free extracts of nine strains of Streptomyces tested for nitroalkane oxidizing activity showed production of nitrous acid from 2-nitropropane, 1 nitropropane, nitroethane, nitromethane, and 3-nitropropionic acid. These substrates were utilized in most strains but to a decreasing extent in the order given, and different strains varied in their relative efficiency of oxidation. p Nitrobenzoic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, enteromycin, and omega-nitro-l-arginine were not attacked. d-Amino acid oxidase, glucose oxidase, glutathione S transferase, and xanthine oxidase, enzymes potentially responsible for the observed oxidations in crude cellfree extracts, were present at concentrations too low to play any significant role. A nitroalkane-oxidizing enzyme from streptozotocin-producing Streptomyces achromogenes subsp. streptozoticus was partially purified and characterized. It catalyzes the oxidative denitrification of 2-nitropropane as follows: 2CH(3)CH(NO(2))CH(3) + O(2) --> 2CH(3)COCH(3) + 2HNO(2). At the optimum pH of 7.5 of the enzyme, 2-nitropropane was as good a substrate as its sodium salt; t-nitrobutane was not a substrate. Whereas Tiron, oxine, and nitroxyl radical acted as potent inhibitors of this enzyme, superoxide dismutase was essentially without effect. Sodium peroxide abolished a lag phase in the progress curve of the enzyme and afforded stimulation, whereas sodium superoxide did not affect the reaction. Reducing agents, such as glutathione, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, reduced form, as well as thiol compounds, were strongly inhibitory, but cyanide had no effect. The S. achromogenes enzyme at the present stage of purification is similar in many respects to the enzyme 2-nitropropane dioxygenase from Hansenula mrakii. The possible involvement of the nitroalkane-oxidizing enzyme in the biosynthesis of antibiotics that contain a nitrogen-nitrogen bond is discussed. PMID- 33966 TI - Possible involvement of bacterial autolytic enzymes in flagellar morphogenesis. AB - Autolytic enzymes were found to be required for flagellar morphogenesis in Bacillus subtilis 168 and Bacillus licheniformis 6346. Two previously characterized, poorly lytic, chain-forming mutants of B. subtilis 168, strains FJ3 (temperature conditional) and FJ6, each 90 to 95% deficient in the production of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, were observed to be nonmotile at 35 degrees C in a variety of liquid and semisolid meida. In contrast, cells of the isogenic wild-type strain were motile and fully separated. Electron microscopy revealed the complete absence of flagella on the mutant cells. Similar observations were made with another poorly lytic strain of B. subtilis 168 (Nil5) and with two poorly lytic, phosphoglucomutase-deficient mutants of B. licheniformis 6346 (MH-3, MH-5). In minimal media lacking galactose (restrictive conditions), the B. licheniformis mutants failed to form flagella, or had serious abnormalities in flagellar morphogenesis and motility. Under permissive conditions, mutants FJ3 (grown at 17 degrees C) and MH-5 (grown with addend galactose) showed increased autolytic activities, grew in the dechained form, and regained their capacities to synthesize functional flagella. Examination of several classes of spontaneous revertants derived from the various mutant strains further demonstrated a close relationship between autolysin acttivity and flagellation in the two Bacillus spp. PMID- 33967 TI - A survey of psychotropic medication in mental retardation facilities. AB - A survey of psychotropic drug usage by questionnaires was conducted at 5 regional residential centers for the mentally subnormal in Eastern Ontario, Canada. Of the 2238 residents studied, 42% were given psychotropics, 27% anticonvulsants, and 11% a combination of both. Prolonged medication and polypharmacy were observed in all facilities. The therapeutic responses to psychotropic medication were generally poor, especially among the disturbed epileptics who had received psychotropic and anticonvulsant simultaneously. It is estimated that between one half to two-thirds of those on psychotropics were given the agents too liberally. PMID- 33968 TI - High dose desipramine, plasma drug levels and clinical response. AB - The concentration of tricyclic antidepressants in plasma may be a more important factor than the oral dose in determining whether or not a patient will respond to treatment. Knowledge of the drug dose-response curve and its levels in blood may enable the physician to convert a patient from a "nonresponder" into a "responder." PMID- 33970 TI - Antipsychotic drugs: can education change prescribing practices? AB - Forty-two VA Hospitals participated in an evaluation of educational techniques for physicians on the use of psychotherapeutic drugs. The purpose of the study was to determine whether educational techniques, such as articles and videotapes can be instrumental in changing physician prescribing practices so that they are more in conformity with current recommendations. The 2 major findings of the study were that there was less polypharmacy--less use of antiparkinson drugs and less use of antiparkinson drugs for longer than 6 months--and that there were no statistically significant differences among educational groups. PMID- 33969 TI - Ethopropazine and benztropine in neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism. AB - In a 12-week controlled study ethopropazine was compared to benztropine in the treatment of parkinsonism induced by fluphenazine enanthate in 60 schizophrenic outpatients. Ethopropazine and benztropine were found to be equally effective in controlling parkinsonian symptoms and were as efficacious as procyclidine, their previous antiparkinsonian drug. However, benztropine treated patients had a significant increase in tardive dyskinesia compared to their condition during procyclindine treatment, and significantly more anxiety and depression than ethopropazine treated patients. This suggests that benztropine is not the anticholinergic drug of choice in the treatment of neuroleptic-induced parkinsonian symptoms, because of its more toxic central and peripheral atropinic effect. PMID- 33971 TI - Prolonged delirium with propanolol. AB - Propanolol use can result in a severe toxic psychosis. In this case, mild perceptual errors progressed eventually to a severe confusional state over a period of 6 months. Life threatening cardiac symptoms forced the continuation of propanolol until the bundle of His was surgically severed. Despite the prolonged delirium, the patient showed complete clearing of sensorium within 2 weeks after cessation of the drug. The differential diagnosis of delirium in the cardiac patient needs to include consideration of propanolol use. PMID- 33972 TI - Tardive dysphrenia and subjective akathisia. PMID- 33973 TI - Comparative studies of three exo-beta-glycosidases of Aspergillus oryzae. AB - beta-Glucosidase [beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase EC 3.2.1.21] and beta galactosidase [beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23] of Takadiastase were purified by acetone fractionation, DEAE-cellulose, and hydroxylapatite chromatography. Purity was confirmed by disc electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation and measurement of other glycosidase activities which coexisted in Takadiastase. Molecular weight of the beta-glucosidase was 218,000 by sedimentation equilibrium and 110,000-116,000 by SDS-disc electrophoresis. Molecular weight of the beta galactosidase was 112,000 by sedimentation and 56,000-59,000 by SDS-disc electrophoresis. These values showed that both enzymes consisted of two subunits. Taka-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase also consisted of two subunits. Both enzymes were glycoproteins containing glucosamine and neutral sugar. Stability, pH optima, isoelectric points, and some specificities were observed. PMID- 33974 TI - Biochemical studies on the muscle microsomes of Ascaris lumbricoides var. suum. II. Purification and characterization of b-type cytochrome and NADH-ferricyanide reductase from Ascaris muscle microsomes. AB - A b-type cytochrome and NADH-ferricyanide (FC) reductase were solubilized from Ascaris muscle microsomes by detergents and purified by column chromatography. The purified b-type cytochrome displayed absorption bands at 560 (alpha-peak), 525 (beta-peak), and 424 nm (gamma-peak), with a marked shoulder at 555 nm in the reduced from, 415 nm (gamma-peak) in the oxidized form. This absorption spectrum was different from that of rat liver microsomal cytochrome b5. The molecular weight was estimated to be about 100,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the absorption spectrum of alkaline pyridine ferrohemochrome suggested that the prosthetic group of this cytochrome is protoheme. The molecular weight of the purified NADH-FC reductase was estimated to be about 55,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified reductase required NADH as a specific electron donor. The reductase efficiently reduced some redox dyes with NADH, but the reduction of cytochrome c was much slower. The purified reductase, like the membrane-bound reductase, was not inhibited by thiol reagents. PMID- 33975 TI - Calcium-activated adenosine triphosphatase activity of pellicles from Paramecium caudatum. AB - Pellicles were isolated from Paramecium caudatum for a study of the properties of its insoluble ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] activity. Pellicular ATPase was solubilized by sonication and fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The sedimentation coefficient of the ATPase was about 9S. The ATPase required Ca2+ for maximum activation. Addition of neutral salts to the assay medium inhibited the activity. Substrate specificity for ATP was low; other nucleoside triphosphates were hydrolyzed at about the same rate as ATP; AMP, pyrophosphate, and p-nitrophenyl phosphate were not hydrolyzed. The ATPase activity of the pellicle preparation had a pH optimum at pH 6.5, and a Michaelis constant of 9 micrometer. On the other hand, the enzymatic properties of the ATPase were somewhat modified by the procedure of solubilization and fractionation. The pellicular ATPase does not resemble ciliary dynein ATPase or the soluble ATPase of Tetrahymena. PMID- 33976 TI - Difference absorption spectra, circular dichroism, and disulfide cleavage of hen and turkey lysozymes in the alkaline pH region. AB - The difference absorption spectra of hen and turkey lysozymes in the alkaline pH region had three maxima at around 245, 292, and 300 nm and had no isosbestic points. The ratio of the extinction difference at 245 nm to that at 295 nm changed with pH. These spectral features are quite different from those observed when only tyrosyl residues are ionized, and it was impossible to determine precisely the pK values of the tyrosyl residues in lysozyme by spectrophotometric titration. A time-dependent spectral change was observed above about pH 12. This is not due to exposure of a buried tyrosyl residue on alkali denaturation. The disulfide bonds and the peptide bonds in the lysozyme molecule were cleaved by alkali above about pH 11. The intrinsic pK value of Tyr 23 of hen lysozyme was determined to be 10.24 (apparent pK 9.8) at 0.1 ionic strength and 25 degrees C from the CD titration data. Comparison of the CD titration of turkey lysozyme with that of hen lysozyme suggested that Tyr 3 and Tyr 23 in turkey lysozyme have apparent pK values of 11.9 and 9.8, respectively. PMID- 33977 TI - pH dependency of kinetic parameters and reaction mechanism of beef liver catalase. AB - The pH-dependence of the kinetic parameters in H2O2 decomposition by beef liver catalase was investigated. At pH 7.0, the ternary complex (ESS) decomposition rate was about 100 times faster than ESS formation (42 microM H2O2), and the value of the Michaelis constant was 0.025 M. From ethanol competition experiments, two different proton dissociation constants of the enzyme (pKe1 = 5.0, pKes2 = 5.9) were obtained for the binding of first and second H2O2 molecules. Another pKa value (pKes1) of 4.2 was obtained from the pH dependence of overall rate constant (ko). The reaction mechanism of catalase was discussed in relation to these ionizable groups. PMID- 33978 TI - Carbodiimide-binding protein of H+-translocating ATPase and inhibition of H+ conduction by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. AB - H+-Translocating ATPase, which catalyzes ATP synthesis in biomembranes, is composed of a head piece (F1) and a membrane moiety (F0). Using highly-purified F0 from a thermophilic bacterium PS3 (TF0), the following results were obtained. 1. Inhibition by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) of H+ conduction through TF0 followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The second-order rate constant for inhibitor-enzyme interaction was 5 times 10(3) M(-1)-min(-1). 2. H+ conductivity blocked by DCCD was proportional to the amount of DCCD incorporated in the band 8 protein of TF0. When only one-third of the band 8 protein was labeled with DCCD, TF0 hardly transported any H+. 3. By extracting TF0 with chloroform-methanol, the band 8 protein was obtained as a proteolipid. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with dodecyl sulfate and urea showed that the molecular weight was about 6,000. 4. The amino acid composition of band 8 protein indicated that this protein contained an extremely high percentage of hydrophobic amino acids (0.29 in polarity) and was devoid of histidine, tryptophan, cysteine, and lysine. Its minimum molecular weight was 6,500. 5. The role of band 8 protein (DCCD-binding protein) in H+ conduction through TF0 is discussed on the basis of these results. PMID- 33979 TI - Selective extraction of marker enzymes of bovine milk fat globule membrane by nonionic detergents. AB - Large amounts (66-97%) of marker enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, 5' nucleotidase, phosphodiesterase I, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase of bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) were selectively solubilized by nonionic detergents such as Triton X-100, Tween 20, Nonidet P-40, Liponox NCK, and Emulgen 109-P. On the other hand, the extractability of MFGM protein with these detergents was less than 50%. Judging from the recovery of total activity, it is likely that alkaline phosphatase, phosphodiesterase I, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase are activated by nonionic detergents, whereas 5'-nucleotidase is somewhat inhibited by the detergents, except for Tween 20, and acid phosphatase is strongly inhibited by all detergents. In addition, solubilization of the protein with the nonionic detergents was found to be somewhat selective by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. There was no appreciable difference between the five brands of nonionic detergents used as regards the extractability of protein and the enzymatic activity of the extracted marker enzymes of MFGM, except that the solubilizing ability of Tween 20 was relatively low. PMID- 33980 TI - Irreversible adsorption of human serum albumin onto polyethylene film. PMID- 33981 TI - 31P NMR of alkaline phosphatase. Saturation transfer and metal-phosphorus coupling. AB - The rate constants which characterize the formation and breakdown of the noncovalent (E.P) and covalent (E-P) enzyme-phosphate intermediates on the alkaline phosphatase reaction pathway are known to be sensitive to the nature of the metal ion bound to the enzyme. 31P NMR saturation transfer has been demonstrated to provide a simple and sensitive method for measuring the metal ion dependence of these rates under equilibrium conditions. When the native Zn2+ was replaced by Cd2+, the 31P NMR spectrum at high pH revealed a new resonance at 12.6 ppm which has been assigned to the noncovalent enzyme.phosphate complex. Reconstituting the enzyme with enriched 113Cd2+ caused this unusually downfield shifted resonance to appear as a doublet due to 113Cd-31P spin coupling (2J31P-O 113Cd = 30 Hz). This result provides the first unequivocal evidence for direct metal-phosphate interaction in alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 33982 TI - Glycoproteins and blood group activity. Oligosaccharides of A+ hog submaxillary glycoproteins. PMID- 33983 TI - Dihydrofolate reductase from trimethoprim-resistant Escherichia coli MB 3746 and MB 3747. Purification, amino acid composition, and some kinetic properties. PMID- 33984 TI - Inactivation of Escherichia coli elongation factor Ts by the arginine-specific reagent butanedione. PMID- 33985 TI - Phenylalanine hydroxylase from Chromobacterium violaceum. Purification and characterization. AB - Phenylalanine hydroxylase was purified approximately 3000-fold to apparent homogeneity with a 13% yield and crystalized from L-phenylalanine-induced cells of Chromobacterium violaceum. The enzyme was shown to be composed of a single polypeptide chain with an estimated molecular weight of approximately 32,000. Some of the physical properties of the enzyme include: a Stokes radius of 26.0 A, a sedimentation coefficient of 2.71 S, a diffusion coefficient of 8.20 X 10(-7) CM2/S, a frictional ratio of 1.23, and an isoelectric point of pH 4.5. No detectable iron was found in the purified enzyme. Apparent Km values for L phenylalanine and 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropteridine were 140 and 54 muM, respectively. PMID- 33986 TI - Cytochrome c1 complexes. AB - Cytochrome c1 forms an active complex with cytochrome c as previously reported (Chiang, Y. L., Kaminsky, L. S., and King, T. E. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 29 36). It also forms a complex with cytochrome oxidase with heme ratio of 1:1. This cytochrome c1.oxidase complex has been purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and is stable in media of high ionic strength (greater than 0.1 M) but dissociates as the pH deviates from neutral. The purified cytochrome c1 aggregates to an oligomer, presumably a pentamer. No agent has been found to depolymerize isolated c1 without denaturation. However, in the cytochrome c1.oxidase complex, these two cytochromes apparently were depolymerized to form smaller aggregates, if not monomeric units, as judged by sedimentation behavior. Cytochrome c1 also forms a ternary complex with cytochrome c and oxidase in the heme ratio of 1:1:1. This complex can be prepared by any of the following four methods: (i) c1 + c + oxidase: (ii) c1.c complex + oxidase; (iii) c1 + c.oxidase complex: or (iv) c + c1.oxidase complex. The mode of formation of these complexes is all from pure protein-protein interactions. Cytochrome c1 is also incorporated into phospholipid vesicles and these vesicles show about 200 molecules of phospholipid/cytochrome c1 in terms of heme. The spectrophotometric, circular dichroic, sedimentation behavior and enzymic properties of these complexes have been investigated. PMID- 33987 TI - Agrobactin, a siderophore from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. AB - A siderophore (microbial iron transport compound) was isolated from low iron cultures of Agrobacterium tumefaciens B6. The substance was characterized as a threonyl peptide of spermidine acylated with 3 residues of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, the carbonyl group of 1 residue of the latter participating in an oxazoline ring with the beta-hydroxyl of the threonine moiety. The compound, N-[3-(2,3 dihydroxybenzamido)propyl]-N-[4-(2,3-dihydroxybenzamido)butyl]-2-(2,3 dihydroxyphenyl)-trans-5-methyl-oxazoline-4-carboxamide, was given the trivial name agrobactin. Exposure to acid opened the oxazoline ring to afford agrobactin A. Ferric agrobactin A and agrobactin A itself, but not agrobactin or its ferric complex, had some capacity to feed iron to enterobactin-deficient strains of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Agrobactin was produced by A. tumefaciens in response to iron deficiency and was able to reverse the iron starvation in this organism precipitated by the presence of a ferric complexing agent not utilized by the cells. PMID- 33988 TI - Binding of regulatory ligands to rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase. A model for nucleotide binding as a function of temperature and pH. AB - The binding of nucleoside triphosphates to rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase has been determined in 0.05 M phosphate buffers by changes in intrinsic protein fluorescence and by direct binding measurements. These experiments have been performed over a wide range of pH, temperature, and effector concentration. Quenching of protein fluorescence is shown to measure binding of nucleotides to a site which is not the active site but rather a site responsible for inhibition of the kinetic activity. This site is relatively specific for either ATP or MgATP with free ATP binding about 10-fold more tightly than MgATP. A model to describe binding to this site as a function of pH and temperature is proposed. This model assumes that the apparent affinity for ATP is determined by protonation of two ionizable groups (per subunit) and that ATP binds exclusively to protonated enzyme forms. Several ligands which affect the apparent affinity for nucleotide binding at the inhibitory site act by shifting the apparent pK of the ionizable groups. NH4+ and citrate do not influence nucleotide binding to the inhibitory site. At pH 6.9 in 0.05 M phosphate, low concentrations of MgATP or MgGTP enhance the protein fluorescence due to binding at the active site. The fluorescence studies and direct binding studies show that there is one active site and one inhibitory site per subunit. As described elsewhere (Pettigrew, D. W., and Frieden, C. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 3623-3627), there is a third nucleotide binding site on each subunit which is specific for cAMP, AMP, and ADP. PMID- 33989 TI - Regulation of adenylate cyclase of neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells by alpha adrenergic receptors. I. Inhibition of adenylate cyclase mediated by alpha receptors. AB - (-)-Norepinephrine and other catecholamines inhibit basal and prostaglandin E1 stimulated adenylate cyclase activities by 35 to 60% in homogenates of NG108-15 neuroblastoma x gloma hybrid cells and markedly reduce adenosine 3'35:' monophosphate levels of intact cells, but do not affect guanosine 3':5' monophosphate levels. The specificity of the NG108-15 receptor for ligands is that of an alpha receptor, possibly a presynaptic alpha 2 receptor. The inhibition of adenylate cyclase by norepinephrine is reversed by alpha receptor antagonists such as dihydroergotamine or phentolamine, but not by the beta receptor antagonist propranolol. The effect of norepinephrine on adenylate cyclase activity initially is dependent on GTP; half-maximal inhibition of enzyme activity by norepinephrine is obtained with 0.2 micron GTP. The inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity by norepinephrine is reduced by 10 mM NaF and is abolished by 0.05 mM guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate. Inhibitions of NG108-15 adenylate cyclase mediated by alpha receptors, opiate receptors, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors are not additive; this suggests that the three species of receptors can be functionally coupled to the same adenylate cyclase molecules or molecules regulating the enzyme. PMID- 33991 TI - Cation/proton antiport systems in Escherichia coli. Properties of the calcium/proton antiporter. PMID- 33990 TI - Regulation of adenylate cyclase of neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cells by alpha adrenergic receptors. II. Long lived increase of adenylate cyclase activity mediated by alpha receptors. PMID- 33992 TI - Equilibrium constants under physiological conditions for the reactions of polynucleotide phosphorylase and RNA polymerase. PMID- 33993 TI - The effects of estradiol on stearyl-CoA desaturase activity and microsomal membrane properties in rooster liver. PMID- 33994 TI - Activation of yeast hexokinase PII. Changes in conformation and association. PMID- 33995 TI - British Orthopaedic Association. Joint meeting with Sociedad Espanola de Cirugia Ortopedica y Traumatologia. Abstracts. PMID- 33996 TI - Congenital abnormalities and Perthes' disease. Clinical evidence that children with Perthes' disease may have a major congenital defect. AB - This paper reports a high incidence of minor congenital anomalies in boys and girls with Perthes' disease compared with that in a control population. There is a similarity of the incidence of minor anomalies in the children with Perthes' disease to that in babies with a single major congenital defect. Multiple major defects were more numerous and more severe than in the control children. It is speculated that there may be a congenital abnormality affecting skeletal development which in some way makes the hip susceptible to Perthes' disease at a later date. PMID- 33997 TI - Starting transients in sea urchin sperm flagella. AB - Live sea urchin spermatozoa were rendered immotile by lowered pH; Triton extracted spermatozoa were rendered immotile by either lowered pH or by deprivation of ATP. The spermatozoa began to beat after an increase in pH or as ATP was supplied, and the first bends were recorded on cine film. Triton extracted spermatozoa deprived of ATP retained a partially formed basal bend which could be either principal or reverse, and which resumed its development and propagation as ATP was supplied. Both live and tritonated flagella straightened at low pH. As the pH was increased, a series of principal bends formed near the base and propagated to the tip. Reverse bends began to develop as the pH continued to increase. The principal and reverse bends thus exhibited different sensitivities to pH, which suggests differences in the mechanisms that produce them. Straight flagella began to move by synchronous sliding all along the flagellum, thus forming principal bends. Flagella that contained a basal bend began to move by primarily metachonous sliding within that bend. PMID- 33999 TI - Polyarteritis in mice due to spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 33998 TI - Effect of nadolol in treatment of hypertension. AB - Nadolol, a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent, was administered orally in gradually increasing single daily doses to 13 hospitalized patients with essential hypertension. Maximal doses ranged from 200 to 480 mg/day. Blood pressure was reduced in nine patients and heart rate was decreased in 11 patients. The decrease in blood pressure was either partial or temporary in five of the nine patients who responded. Concomitant administration of the diuretic chlorthalidone decreased blood pressure in a previously unresponsive patient. Nadolol effectively inhibited isoproterenol-induced tachycardia and decreased cardiac output by 18 per cent. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were not changed significantly by the treatment. Body weight was not altered significantly. Blood pressure response was independent of the pretreatment renin levels or the change in renin induced by nadolol; it was also independent of the changes in cardiac output and heart rate but was more pronounced in patients with milder baseline hypertension. The decline in serum concentration of nadolol was consistent with the drug's reported half-life of 12.2 hours. The results indicate that single daily doses of nadolol alone can reduce blood pressure significantly with minimal cardiodepressant effects and no important side effects. The effectiveness of nadolol may be enhanced by the addition of a diuretic. PMID- 34000 TI - Studies on microstructure of gold soldered joints. AB - Solder microstructures were found to be influenced by those of the castings. A tendency of solder to match the microstructures contacted during its solidification was demonstrated. Several different types of defects were identified in the soldered joints. Tentative correlations of the observed microstructures and defects with physical properties, corrosion resistance and dimensional changes of soldered structures have been made. PMID- 34003 TI - The Iowa Physician's Assistant. PMID- 34004 TI - [Clinical studies on familial multiple endocrine adenomatosis type II (author's transl)]. PMID- 34005 TI - Neurotransmitter release statistics: moment estimates for inhomogeneous Bernoulli trials. AB - Evoked release of quanta of neurotransmitter is generally treated as a set of homogeneous, stationary Bernoulli trials, hence governed by the binomial distribution. Relaxing the assumptions of uniformity and stationarity leads to a more realistic physiological model of transmitter release but also introduces systematic biases in the moment estimates of the binomial parameters. We derive probability generating functions for quantal release and expressions for the moment estimates of n and p for a generalized model that incorporates temporal variation and nonuniformity in individual release probabilities and in numbers of release sites. PMID- 34007 TI - A trypsin-like oviducal proteinase involved in Bufo arenarum fertilization. AB - When the jelly-less eggs removed from the most cephalic region of the oviduct (pars recta) of the toad Bufo arenarum were inseminated at a high sperm concentration, high frequencies of fertilization were obtained. On the other hand, control eggs removed from the pleuroperitoneal cavity (coelomic eggs)) were neither fertilized upon insemination under identical conditions, nor with the water extract of the jelly. Under these inseminating conditions, however, a high frequency of fertilization was obtained when coelomic eggs were preincubated in the presence of the fluid secreted by the epithelium of the pars recta or of an extract prepared from pars recta homogenate. Experimental evidence is presented showing that the component responsible for this effect acts on the vitelline envelope of the egg, increasing its susceptibility to sperm lysin. It is probable, therefore, that it induces successful fertilization of coelomic eggs by making the vitelline envelope more easily penetrable by sperm. The active factor was partially purified by Sephadex chromatography. The product obtained was of high activity and, as judged by its inhibition with soybean trypsin inhibitor and lima-bean trypsin inhibitor, it is likely to be a trypsin-like enzyme. The molecular weight of the factor was estimated to be 47000 by Sephadex chromatography. Secretion of the pars recta factor is hypophysis-dependent and its activity is not influenced by pH within the range testes (6.0--8.4). PMID- 34006 TI - Renal transport and renal metabolism of 2, 4, 5-trichlorophenoxyacetate by the chicken. AB - In vitro and in vivo renal tubular transport of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4,5-T), a hormone-type herbicide, was studied in the chicken. Renal cortical slices incubated with 14C-labeled 2,4,5-T demonstrated a slice-to-medium ratio of the 14C-label of 26 after 2 hr of incubation. This accumulation was inhibited significantly by probenecid, phenol red, dinitrophenol and iodoacetamide. In vitro metabolism of 2,4,5-T was apparent in the renal slice studies; at least two metabolites were found by electrophoretic analysis. Even though chicken liver slices were able to accumulate 2,4,5-T, the accumulated herbicide was not metabolized. In addition, chicken kidney slices metabolized 2,4,5-T to a much greater extent than did rat or rabbit kidney slices, which produced only negligible amounts of metabolites. When [14C]-2,4,5-T was infused into the renal portal system of the chicken, the 14C-label originally associated with 2,4,5-T was shown to be secreted by the renal tubule. Probenecid inhibited the transport of the 14C-label without affecting the simultaneous transport of tetra ethylammonium, an organic cation transported by the renal proximal tubule. At the present infusion rate of 2,4,5-T (2.9 X 10(-10) mol/min), the excreted label was associated primarily with an acidic metabolite(s). It can be concluded that the chicken transports 2,4,5-T by a probenecid sensitive mechanism; however, this transport appears to be associated with the metabolism of the herbicide. PMID- 34008 TI - Splenectomy and sudden death. AB - Four cases of fatal fulminant Streptococcus pneumoniae septicemia in asplenic individuals have been presented, demonstrating the relative lack of specificity of the symptoms and rapidity of the clinical course. Vigorous specific therapy was without apparent effect in two of the cases. No apparent reticuloendothelial deficiency prior to splenectomy was detected in two cases, and theoretically rather than clinically present in the others. Individual was hyposplenic secondary to splenic atrophy. The rapidity of the course and unexpected death will often bring such cases under the jurisdiction of the coroner or medical examiner, and medicolegal investigators should be alert for this syndrome. PMID- 34009 TI - Influence of cultivation conditions on the production of staphylocoagulase by Staphylococcus aureus 104. AB - High yields of staphylocoagulase from Staphylococcus aureus 104 were obtained in a simple salts medium supplement with glycerol, casein hydrolysate and three vitamins. Conditions of oxygen-limitation (dissolved oxygen concentration less than 2%), a pH of 7.4, a temperature of 35 degrees C and a 1 in 10 inoculum of overnight culture were required for optimal yields of staphylocoagulase. PMID- 34010 TI - The uptake of choline by Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Uptake of choline, a structural component of pneumococcal C- and F-teichoic acids, into bacteria growing in a defined medium was very efficient with an uptake constant ([S]10 5) of 3.2 microns. It was inhibited by iodoacetate, dinitrophenol and oligomycin but not by structural analogues of choline. Ethanolamine, however, was transported in the absence of choline but with a reduced affinity ([S]0.5 71.4 microns). The same constitutive system was probably used by both ethanolamine and choline. It is suggested that this system required ATP and probably involved choline kinase. PMID- 34011 TI - Study on the ion-permeability of human dental enamel with special reference to an electrochemical approach. PMID- 34012 TI - Pseudomonas arthritis following puncture wounds of the foot. PMID- 34013 TI - Muscle pH monitoring. AB - The evaluation of muscle pH is a recent method of monitoring the critically ill. We have found it a useful, safe, and reliable method. We, therefore, urge its routine use during and after major surgery. We think it will also be very useful in clinical patients with perfusion problems. PMID- 34014 TI - Fetal heart rate deceleration index--its relation with fetal pH, Apgar score and dips or decelerations. PMID- 34015 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium of derivatives of phenothiazine hydrochloride in aqueous solutions (author's transl)]. PMID- 34016 TI - [Studies on the peptization of ferric hydroxide. IV. Effect of L-alanine on the peptization of ferric hydroxide (author's transl)]. PMID- 34017 TI - [Studies on cardiac principle in Aconite roots. I. Isolation and structural determination of higenamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 34018 TI - Solubility of doxycycline in aqueous solution. AB - The solubility of doxycyline monohydrate and doxycycline hydrochloride dihydrate was investigated in aqueous solution. The hydrochloride dihydrate salt was isolated and identified from solutions initially containing doxycycline hyclate in water. The pKa' = 3.09 (mu = 0.1 and 25 degrees) for protonation of doxycycline was determined spectrophotometrically. The pH-solubility profiles were determined for doxycycline monohydrate in water and in 1.0 M NaNO3-HNO3 and NaCl-HCl. The pH-solubility profile at 25 degrees for doxycycline in aqueous hydrochloric acid without added salt reached a sharp maximum fo 50 mg/ml at pH 2.16. Added chloride ion strongly suppressed the solubility of the hydrochloride dihydrate salt. The apparent solubility product was not constant but decreased as the concentration of added salt increased. A theoretical model was developed involving dimerization of doxycycline and applied to the experimental data. The dimerization constant, Kd = 24 M-1, and true solubility product, K0sp = 1.8 X 10( 3) M2, were calculated. The effect of concentration on NMR and visible spectra indicated that dimerization resulted from intermolecular hydrogen bonding of the phenolic beta-diketone portion of the molecule. PMID- 34019 TI - Cinoxacin in female mongrel dogs: effect of urine pH on urinary drug excretion and correlation of in vitro characteristics of oral dosage forms with bioavailability. PMID- 34020 TI - Hydrolysis and dissolution behavior of a prolonged-release prodrug of theophylline: 7,7'-succinylditheophylline. PMID- 34021 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of 1-(2'-acetoxybenzoyl)-2-deoxy-alpha-D glucopyranose, a novel aspirin prodrug. AB - The formation rate of aspirin from the prodrug was determined as a function of the pH, temperature, and dielectric constant of the solvent spectrophotometrically and was confirmed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Aspirin formation was first order with respect to the prodrug and zero order with respect to the hydroxide-ion concentrations. The hydrolysis rate was independent of buffer concentration but very sensitive to the dielectric constant of the solvents. The half-life for the formation of aspirin at 37 degrees was 7 min. The activation energy for the hydrolysis was 23.7 kcal/mole. The results suggest that the hydrolysis of the prodrug to aspirin proceeds by an SN1-type mechanism. PMID- 34022 TI - Physicochemical properties of amphoteric beta-lactam antibiotics. II: Solubility and dissolution behavior of aminocephalosporins as a function of pH. AB - The solubility of aminocephalosporins in aqueous solution at 37 degrees and an ionic strength of 0.5 exhibited U-shaped curves against pH. At their isoelectric pH, cephradine monohydrate was the most soluble, followed by cephalexin monohydrate and cephaloglycin dihydrate, with intrinsic solubilities of 26.0, 17.2, and 14.8 mg/ml, respectively. The dissolution rate constants from the rotating disk were also determined as a function of the pH of the dissolution medium and interpreted reasonably by the simultaneous dissociation equilibrium reaction and the diffusion kinetics model. Energies for the solubility and dissolution were determined for these three aminocephalosporins. PMID- 34023 TI - Sustained release of drugs from ethylcellulose--polyethylene glycol films and kinetics of drug release. AB - Cast films composed of different ratios of polyethylene glycol and ethylcellulose containing salicylic acid, caffeine, and tripelennamine as model dispersed drugs were prepared and exhibited sustained release. The drug content of the film declined at an apparent first-order rate initially, whereas the drug quantity released was proportional to the square root of time. Data analysis validated the latter treatment, which is in accordance with the diffusional matrix model, and disproved the validity of the apparent first-order conformity. The release rates were independent of film thickness and proportional to drug concentration in pure ethylcellulose films; in polyethylene glycol--ethylcellulose films, a positive deviation from linearity was observed. The logarithm of the rate constant was proportional to the fraction of polyethylene glycol in the film. Unlike in pure ethylcellulose films, the release rate in mixed films was altered by a change in the external fluid pH. PMID- 34024 TI - Facile in vitro method for screening inhibitors of IgE binding to mast cells. AB - A method for rapidly testing large numbers of chemical structures as potential modulators of the interaction between immunoglobulin E (IgE) and its specific receptors on rat peritoneal mast cells is described. IgE, isolated from the ascitic fluid of a transplantable rat IgE immunocytoma, is labeled with iodine 125 under mild conditions employing the Bolton--Hunter reagent. The antibody is incubated with mixed periotoneal cells at 37 degrees, and the cell-bound IgE is separated from unbound label by sedimentation through an 8% sucrose--polymer solution in microsediment tubes. Optimal conditions for the interaction of 3 nM IgE with 3 X 10(5) mast cells in 150 mul are: incubation time, 2 hr; pH, 6.5- 7.0; and ionic strength, equivalent to 150 mM NaCl. Mixed peritoneal cells bind IgE with an affinity equal to that of purified mast cells. Human IgE pentapeptide III and several antiallergic agents do not compete with rat IgE in this assay. PMID- 34025 TI - Interaction of digoxin and montmorillonite: mechanism of adsorption and degradation. AB - IR, X-ray diffraction, and absorption studies showed that digoxin is adsorbed onto montmorillonite by a reversible adsorption mechanism at pH 2 and 6. Degradation studies indicated abnormally high acid hydrolysis rates for digoxin interacted with montmorillonite. Accelerated digoxin degradation is attributed to the ability of the clay surface to concentrate both digoxin and protons. The effective pH at the clay surface appeared to be 1.5 pH unites lower than the bulk suspension pH. Bisdigoxigenin was the major adsorbed degradation product. A similar catalytic effect also may occur with other neutral drugs that degrade by acid hydrolysis and should be considered in the formulation of clay-containing drug products or their coadministration with other drugs. PMID- 34026 TI - Topical mosquito repellents XI: carbamates derived from N,N'-disubstituted diamines. AB - Carbamates derived from various N,N'-disubstituted diamines were synthesized and evaluated as repellents for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with an in vitro blood feeding test system. Several compounds were more effective than diethyltoluamide. PMID- 34027 TI - Topical mosquito repellents XII: N-substituted ureas and cyclic ureas. AB - Various N-substituted urea and cyclic urea derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as repellents for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with an in vitro blood feeding test system. Several compounds were superior to diethyltoluamide. PMID- 34028 TI - The effects of bovine albumin on the vascular permeability of the perfused rat mesentery [proceedings]. PMID- 34029 TI - Intracellular potassium activity measurements in rat skeletal muscles equilibrated with Kreb's fluid at various PCO2 values [proceedings]. PMID- 34030 TI - Nucleotides and neurotransmission. PMID- 34031 TI - Adenosine triphosphate in the bovine chromaffin granule. AB - 1. pH and potential gradients are generated across the membranes of chromaffin granule 'ghost' by incubating them with MgATP: the inside of the 'ghosts' is positive and acid with respect to the incubation medium. 2. The pH gradient is partially dissipated by inclusion of a substrate for the catecholamine pump, or a mitochondrial uncoupling agent, but is enhanced by reserpine. 3. An imposed pH gradient leads to amine uptake by the 'ghosts': a potential gradient leads to ATP uptake. Studies with inhibitors confirm that amine accumulation by chromaffin granules is dependent on the former, and that ATP uptake results from ATPase induced potential difference generation. 4. ATP has two known roles in chromaffin granule structure: the first is as a substrate for a membrane-bound proton translocating ATPase; the second is as a component of the intragranular catecholamine storage complex. PMID- 34032 TI - The role of cyclic AMP in the modulation of synaptic efficacy. AB - 1. Heterosynaptic facilitation (modification of synaptic transmission by a neuron influencing the terminals of the presynaptic neuron) was studied in the pleural ganglion of Aplysia. Among several identified synapses, heterosynaptic facilitation was observed only in one type (EIPSP synapses) when repetitive stimulation was applied to the tentacular nerve or to a particular identified neuron. 2. Serotonin was shown to increase the amplitude of the EIPSP at this synapse; this facilitatory effect was prolonged in the presence of theophylline and mimicked by cyclic AMP. 3. When transmission was abolished by calcium-free solution, calcium injected in the region of the synapse caused partial recovery of the EIPSP; when calcium injection was preceded by serotonin injection near the same terminal, the EIPSP was much larger than with calcium injection alone. 4. It was concluded that the activation of one neuron (the heterosynaptic neuron) caused it to release serotonin, which activated an adenylate cyclase in the pre synaptic terminals of another neuron. Consequent accumulation of cyclic AMP in these terminals is supposed to have increased their voltage-dependent calcium conductance and hence the amount of transmitter released during an action potential. PMID- 34033 TI - Modulation of neuronal activity by peptides and neurotransmitters: possible role of cyclic nucleotides. PMID- 34034 TI - [Physiology Society. Meeting in Paris, 22-4 June 1978. Abstracts]. PMID- 34035 TI - An investigation of tensile strength of dental solder joints. AB - Tensile specimens of dental solder joints were tested to determine the effect of gap distance on the strength of solder joints. Two dental alloys were used; a Type III gold alloy and a gold-palladium (Au-Pd) alloy. The Type III alloy was joined with the recommended gold solder. The Au-Pd alloy was joined using preceramic and postceramic application soldering techniques. Gap distances of 0.13 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1 mm were used with each soldering technique. All solder specimens were machined to a uniform diameter and then tested for tensile strength. It was concluded that: 1. There was a significant increase in strength for the Type III gold as the gap distance was increased. 2. The trend toward stronger joints at narrow gap distances for Au-Pd alloy joined with presolder was not statistically significant. 3. The trend toward stronger joints at wide gap distances for the Au-Pd alloy joined with the postsolder was not statistically significant. 4. The postsolder joints were statistically stronger than the presolder joints. 5. The trends observed could be partially explained in terms of competing effects of yield strength (triaxially), wettability, and void or inclusion content at the various gap distances. PMID- 34036 TI - The maintenance of motility and the surface properties of epididymal spermatozoa from bull, rabbit and ram in homologous seminal and epididymal plasma. AB - Epididymal spermatozoa from bull, rabbit and ram were incubated in homologous epididymal plasma or seminal plasma in a buffered saline-based medium with or without serum albumin. The spermatozoa were either diluted directly into the medium or were washed first. No effect of washing was observed on the subsequent reaction of the cells to the different media. A considerable proportion of the populations of epididymal spermatozoa survived (i.e. continued to exhibit motility) for up to 22 h at 30 degrees C in the simple saline-based medium. Initially epididymal plasma had a slight stimulatory effect on sperm motility in ram and bull but it had no effect on sperm survival in any of the 3 species. Seminal plasma stimulated motility markedly in ram initially, but in all 3 species seminal plasma was detrimental to survival: in ram even a 15-min exposure to the fluid reduced survival. Serum albumin also stimulated motility; it delayed, but did not prevent, the detrimental effect of seminal plasma, although it had no effect itself on survival. The effects of epididymal plasma, seminal plasma and serum albumin on surface properties of epididymal spermatozoa, i.e. agglutination, sticking-to-glass and eosinophilia, were also noted. These varied between species and there was no correlation between these effects and the effects on motility and survival. PMID- 34037 TI - The ovum, its milieu and possibilities for contraceptive attack. Proceedings of a Symposium of the Society for the Study of Fertility and the World Health Organization, Cambridge, July 1978. PMID- 34038 TI - Proceedings: Second South African Laboratory Animal Science Symposium. 21-23 September 1977. PMID- 34039 TI - The benzodiazepine story. PMID- 34040 TI - Synthesis and preliminary biological studies of 4- and 5-[2-hydroxy-3 (isopropylamino)propoxy]benzimidazoles: selective beta2 adrenergic blocking agents. AB - Benzimidazoles carrying the 2-hydroxy-3-(isopropylamino)propoxy side chain at either the C-4 or C-5 ring positions were synthesized and investigated for beta adrenergic blocking activity. Both compounds demonstrated beta2 selectivity when evaluated in guinea pig atrial and tracheal preparations. The C-4 isomer was 17 times more selective toward tracheal tissue, and its overall potency was roughly comparable to that of propranolol. beta2 selectivity of the C-5 isomer was minimal, with a potency about one-hundredth that of propranolol. PMID- 34041 TI - Control of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in cardiac muscle. PMID- 34042 TI - Generation of protons by metabolic processes other than glycolysis in muscle cells: a critical view. PMID- 34043 TI - NCTR/NCI symposium on the use of inbred and outbred animals in toxicological testing, Little Rock, Arkansas, February 1978. PMID- 34044 TI - Abstracts of the 31 annual meeting of the Scandinavian Society for Electron Microscopy. PMID- 34045 TI - [Congenital triade of abdominal muscular deficiency, urinary tract abnormality and cryptorchidism. (Prune belly syndrome) (author's transl)]. PMID- 34046 TI - ["Pseudo-urologic" acute lumbar painful syndrome following the absorption of glifanan]. PMID- 34047 TI - International Council 16th Quadrennial Congress Tokyo, Japan. Toward a unified voice: individual and collective responsibility of nurses. PMID- 34048 TI - Bacteriological study of human fasting and nonfasting saliva. PMID- 34049 TI - Salivary yeast flora in healthy adults and its relation to pH. PMID- 34050 TI - [A case of chronic calcifying pancreatitis associated with familial primary hyperparathyroidism suggesting multiple endocrine adenomatosis (type I) (author's transl)]. PMID- 34051 TI - [Contributions of medicine and nursing to the dying patient and his family - an observation based on 40-year-clinical experience. A special lecture at the 2nd Research Meeting on Terminal Care]. PMID- 34052 TI - Antihypertensive effects of a combination of a diuretic and a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent in conscious, renal hypertensive dogs. PMID- 34053 TI - [Medical topics: beta blockers]. PMID- 34054 TI - [Pages for ILO: What the ILO Convention Promotion Movement aims at - why are we engaged in this campaign?]. PMID- 34055 TI - [Clinical and electrophysiological trial of the soporific and anesthetic properties of flunitrazepam]. PMID- 34056 TI - [Nephrogenic hypertension in patients with a history of hemorrhagic fever with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 34057 TI - [Clinical characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with nephrotic syndrome in young patients]. PMID- 34058 TI - [Seminar on nursing and primary health care: role of nurses in primary health care in South-East Asia]. PMID- 34059 TI - [KNA 46th General Assembly Keynote speech: nurse's participation in establishing a welfare society]. PMID- 34060 TI - [Prospects for using Japanese quail in biological life support systems]. PMID- 34061 TI - [Nursing research in Europe. 1st International Conference of Nurse Researchers in Utrecht (20-22 September 1978)]. PMID- 34062 TI - pH, titratable acidity & osmolality of human breast milk & some infant milk formulae. PMID- 34063 TI - ACTH-stimulated rabbit adrenal 17alpha-hydroxylase. Kinetic properties and a comparison with those of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. PMID- 34064 TI - Acidic steroid metabolites: biosynthesis of steroid carboxylic acids by rabbit liver microsomes and the involvement of a cytochrome P450-independent mixed function oxidase system. PMID- 34065 TI - Studies of the human fetal adrenal gland--properties of 17alpha-hydroxylase and C17-C20 lyase in the biosynthesis of dehydroepiandrosterone from pregnenolone. PMID- 34066 TI - Site-exposure model for proton-lactose symport in Escherichia coli. PMID- 34068 TI - [A new trend in geriatric nursing - a new system in gerontology, results of the 11th International Congress of Gerontology]. PMID- 34067 TI - pH influence on enzymic activity: the involvement of two active ionized forms of either substrate or enzyme in the reaction. PMID- 34069 TI - 4th European Conference on Medical Records. PMID- 34070 TI - Arterial hypoxemia in patients with anterior and posterior nasal packings. AB - Previous clinical reports indicate that nasal packing is frequently associated with arterial hypoxemia. Anesthesia and surgery in hypoxemic patients can be hazardous, especially when it is associated with acute blood loss. Nine patients with severe epistaxis, who failed to respond to anterior and posterior nasal packing, were anesthetized for emergency internal maxillary artery ligation. Arterial blood-gas and pH changes during the procedure were evaluated. The results indicate some degree of arterial hypoxemia and high alveolar/arterial PO2 difference without significant change in PaCO2 and pH in most of the patients observed. Arterial PO2 was within normal range 24 hours after operation. The anesthetic management is described and the various causes of such arterial hypoxemia are reviewed. It is important to recognize the presence of arterial hypoxemia and treat accordingly during surgery for such patients. PMID- 34071 TI - Effects of chronic administration of antipsychotic drugs on GABA and other amino acids in the mesolimbic area of rat brain. PMID- 34072 TI - Symposium: High Density Lipoproteins (HDL). Structure, function, analysis, clinical, epidemiological and metabolic aspects of HDL. AOCS Annual Meeting, St. Louis, Missouri - May 15, 16, 1978. PMID- 34073 TI - Symposium: Polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites. Presented at the AOCS Annual Meeting St. Louis, Missouri--May 14-18, 1978. PMID- 34074 TI - Enzymic regulation of arachidonate metabolism in brain membrane phosphoglycerides. PMID- 34075 TI - Study of the two pathways for arachidonate oxygenation in blood platelets. AB - During collagen-induced blood platelet aggregation, arachidonic acid is set free from membrane phospholipids and subsequently converted into 12 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by arachidonate lipoxygenase and into thromboxane A2, 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid (HETE) and malondialdehyde by cyclooxygenase and thromboxane synthase. Lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase have optimal activity at neutral to basic pH, while the thromboxane synthase is pH-independent between 5 and 9. These enzymes are membrane-bound. The cyclooxygenase is rapidly inactivated upon membrane disruption by nonionic detergents or phospholipid degradation with phospholipase A2. It was found that platelet phospholipase A2 preferentially splits off fatty acid with four double bonds. Eicosatetraynoic acid was used to investigate the physiological function of the arachidonate lipoxygenase during collagen-induced aggregation of rat blood platelets. This fatty acid is a more efficient inhibitor of lipoxygenase than of cyclooxygenase. At an inhibitor concentration of 0.6 microgram/ml, platelet aggreation, 12 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production as well as 15-hydroxytryptamine release are completely inhibited, while there is an apparent stimulation of the cyclooxygenase. These results indicate that arachidonate lipoxygenase is essential for irreversible blood platelet aggregation. PMID- 34076 TI - [Bases for control of arthropod vectors: I--Definitions, bioecology of vectors (author's transl)]. AB - Arthropoda form the most diversified and multitudinous phyllum of the animal kingdom. In this "arthropod world", the authors give the respective position of the arthropoda: a) detrimental to crops, b) venomous and noxious for human being, but mainly those who are vectors of human diseases, say about a hundred species. Biological, ecological and environmental main features of the most important arthropod vectors of human tropical diseases are reviewed. Various factors acting on the relation between pathological agent and vector and between vector and man are considered. Importance and complexity of entomological surveys are emphasized with, as a consequence, the necessity of specialized medical entomologists to manage them. PMID- 34077 TI - Monolayer culture techniques. PMID- 34078 TI - Mass culture of mammalian cells. PMID- 34079 TI - [Symposium on biotechnology and bioengineering]. PMID- 34080 TI - [Effect of pH and temperature on the kinetics of Fe2+ oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans]. AB - A correlation has been established between the action of pH and temperature on the activity of Fe2+ oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The rate of Fe2+ oxidation by the bacterium is inhibited at 12 degrees C mainly due to an increase in the pH. Autooxidation of the medium upon hydrolysis of Fe3+ is inhibited at low temperatures. Apparently, the enzymes of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans involved in Fe2+ oxidation are only slightly susceptible to a decrease of temperature to 10--12 degrees C. PMID- 34081 TI - [Effect of pH on the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis]. AB - The effect of pH on the growth phase parameters was studied with Bacillus thuringiensis. The experimental data obtained were used to draw the regression equation describing the spore titre as a function of pH. As a result of analysing the equation coefficients and the effect of pH on the growth phase parameters, a pH profile has been proposed which favours an increase in the titre of spores. The profile decreases the rate of oxygen uptake at the exponential growth phase and increases the rate of accumulation of acetic acid in the growth medium with its subsequent accelerated utilization at the phase of deceleration of growth. PMID- 34082 TI - Stability of oral pancreatin powders. AB - In-vitro study which duplicated the conditions to which the orally administered pancreatin is exposed in the human stomach showed that the oral administration of pancreatin in uncoated powder form could result in a substantial loss of enzymic activity. Therefore, it may not be an efficacious replacement therapy in pancreatic disorders where pancreatin secretion is reduced. PMID- 34083 TI - Ergot derivatives for Parkinsonism. AB - The response of Parkinsonism to three ergot derivatives which modify dopaminergic transmission was studied. CF 25-397 behaved more as an antagonist than an agonist. Lergotrile was an agonist with therapeutic properties marred by prominent hepatotoxicity. Bromocriptine is an effective anti-Parkinsonian agent, particularly useful in patients with prominent dyskinesia or "on-off" reactions to levodopa; in most patients optimal results have been obtained by combining from 40 to 90 mg of bromocriptine daily with approximately 60% of the previous maximal dose of levodopa. Unfortunately, only some 50% of patients tolerate long term bromocriptine therapy, but all adverse reactions have been dose dependent and reversible. PMID- 34084 TI - [The effect of metipranolol on the carbohydrate metabolism in diabetics treated with glibenclamide (author's transl)]. AB - Previous investigations on the effect of beta-receptor blockers on the carbohydrate metabolism of diabetics have reported varying effects, the most frequent being hypoglycaemic symptoms which were interpreted as potentiating effects caused by interference with the antidiabetic agents. For this reason, the effect of the beta-receptor blocker metipranolol on the carbohydrate metabolism of diabetics treated with glibenclamide was investigated in a double blind cross over study comparing metipranolol with placebo. The results do not show any significant difference between the placebo and the metipranolol with respect to the blood or urinary sugar values or the plasma insulin levels. Whether or not this is a substance-specific property needs to be clarified by further comparative investigations using other beta-receptor blockers. There were similarly no significant differences in the most important parameters of hepatic and renal function. PMID- 34085 TI - Cancer markers in patients receiving chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: a preliminary report. AB - The combination of CEA, hepatic function marker enzymes, and four acute phase reactant proteins (haptoglobin, alpha 1 antitrypsin, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, and prealbumin) has been used to monitor patients with colorectal cancer receiving chemotherapy. In 18 patients with advanced lesions who survived at least 3 months treatment the markers predicted progression in 92% of 25 incidents of progression; the mean lead time was 2.8 months. A rising CEA was only present in 28%, but in these patients it gave a mean lead time of 4 months. In the group of 14 patients with minimal residual disease progression to clinically detectable disease has occurred in 9 of them. In these cases the markers predicted progression with a mean lead time of 6 months; in a further six patients the markers have indicated progression, but as yet their disease is not detectable, the mean lead time being at least 8.6 months. CEA and the liver enzyme markers are the most sensitive indicators of progression of the minimal residual disease group. PMID- 34086 TI - Snowmobile injuries in children. PMID- 34087 TI - [Italian Society of Odontostomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery]. PMID- 34088 TI - Superoxide radical as an intermediate in the oxidation of hydroxylamines by mixed function amine oxidase. PMID- 34089 TI - Isolation and characterization of S49 lymphoma cells deficient in beta-adrenergic receptors: relation of receptor number to activation of adenylate cyclase. PMID- 34090 TI - Multi-subsite receptors for multivalent ligands. Application to drugs, hormones, and neurotransmitters. PMID- 34091 TI - NMR study of the interactions between flurazepam and human serum albumin. The nature of the complexation site on the benzodiazepin molecule. PMID- 34092 TI - Induction of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine beta-hydroxylase in cultured mouse neuroblastoma by 8Br-cAMP. Involvement of RNA and protein synthesis. PMID- 34093 TI - Oxidative metabolism of chicken polymorphonuclear leucocytes during phagocytosis. AB - The oxidative response to phagocytosis by chicken polymorphonuclear leucocytes was investigated as compared to guinea pig polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The polymorphs from both species respond to phagocytosis with an increased oxygen consumption, an increased generation of O2 and H2O2, and an increased oxidation of glucose through the hexose monophosphate shunt. The rate of oxygen consumption, and generation of O2- and H2O2 by phagocytosing chicken polymorphonuclear leucocytes is considerably lower than with phagocytosing guinea pig polymorphonuclear leucocytes. By contrast, the extent of hexose monophosphate shunt stimulation in chicken polymorphs is comparable to that of guinea pig polymorphs. Evidence is presented suggesting that H2O2 is preferentially degraded in chicken cells through the glutathione cycle, whereas catalase and myeloperoxidase are the two main H2O2 degrading enzymes in guinea pig cells. The 20,000 g fraction of the postnuclear supernatant of chicken polymorphs contains a cyanide-insensitive NADPH oxidizing activity which is stimulated during phagocytosis. Similar properties for the NADPH oxidizing activity of guinea pig polymorphs have been previously reported. It is concluded that the metabolic burst of phagocytosing chicken polymorphonuclear leucocytes is qualitatively similar to that of guinea pig polymorphonuclear leucocytes, but the latter cells are more active in all the biochemical parameters that have been measured. The difference in the H2O2 degradation pathways between the two species is accounted for by the lack of myeloperoxidase and catalase in chicken polymorphs. PMID- 34094 TI - [Lupine leghemoglobin affinity to ligands. The effect of pH and buffer nature]. AB - The myoglobin-like haemoprotein leghaemoglobin (Lb I) from lupine root nodules has a great affinity to molecular oxygen and seems to be involved in O2 transport. Some ligands of low molecular weight are supposed to affect the haemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mo) function in O2-transport. To investigate this possibility for lupine Lb I, the affinity of this protein to cyanide (CN-), azide (N3-), fluoride (F-), thiocyanate (NCS-), imidazole (Im), nicotinic acid (NA), acetic acid has been investigated, using: 0.05 M MES, pH 5.2-6.5; 0.1 M Na phosphate in 0.05 M Tris-buffer, pH 6.5-9.0. The affinity for Lb I to N3-, CN-, F and NA (the Bohr effect) was found to be pH-dependent. The values of PK ionization for the groups affecting the ligands binding were determined. The positive correlation between the ligand affinity and the ligand power was found. Lb I appears to have the greatest ligand affinity constants when compared with other haemoproteins of this class. PMID- 34095 TI - [Methylviologen photoreduction by chloroplasts]. AB - The condition of methylviologen photoreduction by chloroplasts was investigated. Argon bubbling through the suspension of chloroplasts or degasing in vacuum caused inhibition of methylviologen reduction probably due to the denaturation of chloroplast membranes at the water/air boundary. Adding glycerol or bovine serum albumine or removing oxygen from chloroplast suspension with the aid of the oxygen absorbing-systems preserved the activity of chloroplasts. Methylviologen photoreduction is inhibited by DCMU (10(-7) M) and Tris-buffer treatment and is activated by uncouples. The pH-dependence is similar to that of the Hill reaction. Triton X-100 (0.007%), ethyl ether (2%) and heating up to 42 degrees activated the Hill reaction but inhibited methylviologen reduction. Water molecule probably acts as an initial electron donor in this reaction. It is proposed that the steady level of methylviologen photoreduction is determined by a relationship between the rate of methylviologen electron acceptance and cyclic electron flow short-circuiting photosystem I. PMID- 34096 TI - Fluroxene mutagenicity. AB - The commercially available volatile anesthetic fluroxene (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl vinyl ether) which contains the stabilizer N-phenyl-1-napthylamine, was tested for mutagenicity using four strains of S. typhimurium, TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100, and one strain of E. coli, WP2. In addition, purified fluroxene; N-phenyl 1-napthylamine; trifluoroethanol, a major metabolite of fluoroxene; and urine from rats anesthetized with fluroxene were tested. Several procedures were utilized including exposure of bacteria to vapor in desiccators and in liquid suspension. Results indicate that fluroxene, but not its stabilizer, was mutagenic to strains TA1535, TA100 and WP2 only in liquid suspension and only in the presence of a rat-liver enzyme system. Trifluoroethanol and urine from fluroxene-treated rat were not mutagenic to any strain of bacteria. These findings indicate that fluroxene is a promutagen which requires preincubation before it is recognized. Further experiments were performed with enzymes prepared from mouse, hamster and human liver. Fluroxene was mutagenic only in the presence of enzymes prepared from Aroclor 1254 pretreated rodents. Since fluroxene was not mutagenic in the presence of enzymes prepared from three human livers, the significance of these findings to man are unclear. PMID- 34097 TI - Sleeping pills, insomnia and medical practice. PMID- 34098 TI - Metabolic basis of renal-stone disease. PMID- 34099 TI - Beta-2-blocking effect of metoprolol. PMID- 34101 TI - The international challenge of drug abuse. PMID- 34100 TI - Immunoblastic sarcoma in donor cells after bone-marrow transplantation. PMID- 34102 TI - Biological aspects of cannabis use. AB - In this paper the results of a multidisciplinary long term and controlled study on chronic cannabis use are critically reviewed. The first part of the study consisted of: (a) standardization of methods and identification of the experimental sample of chronic cannabis users and matched controls; (b) comparison of the two groups on a number of variables following administration of a battery of medical, psychiatric, neurophysiologic, and psychologic tests; (c) acute cannabis inhalation experiments during which the effect of cannabis preparations of various strengths and of THC-delta-9 were studied in relation to behavioral, psychologic, neurophysiologic, and psychophysiologic responses; (d) identificaiton of possible withdrawal symptoms during a 3-day abstinence period and reintroduction of hashish use. The second part of the study consisted of: (a) a controlled histochemical and electron-microscopic investigation of blood cells and sperm, aimed at revealing changes produced by cannabis at the molecular level, particularly in the cell-nuclear area; (b) a biochemical investigation of changes in biogenic amines and substances related to their metabolism and function during cannabis pre-smoking and postsmoking periods. Our findings from the first part of the study failed to distinguish users from nonusers on most of the investigated parameters. However, they provided useful information on a variety of controversial issues and revealed methodological limitations which should guide future research. Our findings from the second part of the study, although still preliminary, clearly indicate that cannabis use affects cell nuclear metabolism and produces changes on the molecular level potentially significant for man's biologic functioning. Furthermore findings from this part of this study indicated that cannabis' acute effects in man are correlated with changes in metabolism directly related to biogenic amine biosynthesis and function. It is concluded that despite advances in recent years cannabis research has still a long way to go before providing the definitive answers to the very important questions arising from its habitual use by man. PMID- 34103 TI - The end of the week. PMID- 34104 TI - Together we can make it happen: First World Conference of Operating Room Nurses. PMID- 34105 TI - Hypothalamic enkephalin neurones may regulate the neurohypophysis. PMID- 34106 TI - Novel alpha2-adrenoreceptors primarily responsible for inducing human platelet aggregation. PMID- 34107 TI - Histological proof for selective stop of microcirculation in tumor tissue at pH 6.1 and 41 degrees C. PMID- 34108 TI - Substance P: characteristics of binding to synaptic vesicles of rat brain. AB - 1. The binding of substance P (SP) to synaptic vesicles from rat brain was studied by use of the 125I-Tyr8-analogue of SP. 2. The pH dependence of the binding of both peptides to the lipid extractable fraction of synaptic vesicles was shown to be comparable. 3. The binding of 125I-Tyr8-SP shows a rate constant of association (k1 = 6.6 x 10(6) M-1 S-1), a rate constant of dissociation (k-1 = 6.4 x 10(-4) S-1) and gives a KD of 1 x 10(-10) M. Kd derived from equilibrium studies was 3.2 x 10(-10) M. 4. The binding of 125I-Tyr8-SP to lipids of synaptic vesicles was shown to be reversible, saturable and highly specific. 5. The kinetic data suggest one population of binding sites with a maximal number of 0.8 pmol per mg protein of the synaptic vesicle preparation. 6. Unlabeled SP and the (2--11)-, (3--11)- and (4--11)-analogues of SP inhibit the binding of 125I-Tyr8 SP in a decreasing order in a competitive way when added in excess. Tyr8-SP and eledoisin did not interfere with the binding of 125I-Tyr8-SP whereas uperolein and neurotensin caused a partial inhibition. Physalaemin and D-Ala2-D-Met5 enkephalin enhance the binding of 125I-Tyr8-SP in a cooperative way. PMID- 34109 TI - [Differential diagnosis of cerebral syndromes in collagen disease and in subacute sepsis lenta (author's transl)]. PMID- 34110 TI - [Clinical and bioptic findings in 23 cases of periarteritis nodosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 34111 TI - [Incompatibility of lithium therapy with neuroleptics. a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 34112 TI - Adaptive changes induced by high altitude in the development of brain monoamine enzymes. AB - Exposure to high altitude (HA) affects neurotransmitter levels in the adult brain and induces a number of neurologic and behavioral disturbances. The present work was undertaken to investigate the effects of chronic exposure to a moderate hypoxic environment (natural altitude of 3800 m, 12.8% O2 in inspired air) on the development from birth until adulthood of brain monoamine enzymes in rats. The activity of synthesizing (tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylase) and catabolizing (catechol-O-methyl transferase and monoamine oxidase) enzymes were studied in discrete brain areas (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, mesodiencephalon, hypothalamus, corpus striatum, and pons medulla) and was shown to be selectively affected by HA, depending on the age of the animal and the brain region. In general, enzyme activity was less susceptible to HA during the first week after birth than at later ages, some brain areas such as the hypothalamus showing significant alterations in some enzymes throughout development, and in all enzymes at adulthood. Furthermore, in all brain areas and at all ages, tyrosine and tryptophan hydroxylase were more affected by HA than the catabolizing enzymes, and their activity was increased in some areas (e.g., cerebral cortex and cerebellum) but decreased in other areas (e.g., hypothalamus, mesodiencephalon, corpus striatum). These enzymatic changes and the corresponding alterations in precursor amino acids, particularly tryptophan, seem to be due more to the direct effect of hypoxia on oxygen-dependent enzymes, than to the stress. It appears that an hypoxic environment may provoke both early and long term alterations in catecholamine and serotonin metabolism, thus neurotransmitter imbalances may explain some of the alterations in neurologic and endocrine development characteristic of the hypoxic animal. PMID- 34114 TI - Some factors influencing the neurotoxicity of intrastriatal injections of kainic acid. AB - Intrastriatal injections of kainic acid are known to destroy striatal neurons including many containing choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Using these enzymes as indices of neuronal loss, the neurotoxicity of small doses of kainic acid was found to be influenced by injection time and volume. It was partly blocked by coinjection of some but not all glutamate antagonists or by prior lesioning of the corticostriatal tract. Other adjuvants, drugs, or lesions tested had little modifying effect, except that changes in the dopaminergic system seemed to increase the toxicity towards cholinergic but not GABAnergic systems. High-affinity glutamate accumulation by neostriatal synaptosomes was significantly increased 1--7 days following kainic acid injections. MAO and acetylcholinesterase activities were depressed in kainic acid-lesioned striata but not nearly as much as were CAT and GAD. An indirect mechanism involving glutamate release and inhibition of reuptake is suggested for kainic acid neurotoxicity. PMID- 34113 TI - Abnormal amino acid metabolism and brain protein synthesis during neural development. PMID- 34115 TI - Modification of the tyrosine hydroxylase assay. Increased enzyme activity in the presence of ascorbic acid. AB - A modification of the tyrosine hydroxylase assay is described in which ascorbate, rather than 2-mercaptoethanol or dihydropteridine reductase with NADPH, is used as the reductant. Enzyme activity is 3-4 times higher with ascorbate than with the other reducing agents. Low blanks are obtained with the ascorbate system provided that catalase is also included. The tissue distribution and kinetic activation of the enzyme have been studied with the ascorbate assay. The results obtained are consistent with the biological and regulatory properties of the enzyme which have been determined with the other reducing systems. PMID- 34116 TI - Role of putative neurotransmitters in prolactin, GH and LH response to acute immobilization stress in male rats. AB - Immobilization for 30 min induced a significant rise of prolactin (Prl), a significant reduction of growth hormone (GH), and no modification of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) values in male rats. Depletion of brain catecholamine stores increased Prl and decreased LH levels while GH secretion was not affected. Blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors reduced GH and increased LH values. Plasma GH levels were also drastically reduced by depletion of brain serotonin (SER) levels and by atropine, and were increased by blockade of the H1 histamine (HIS) receptor. The anti-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agent picrotoxin significantly reduced Prl and GH plasma levels. Depletion of brain catecholamine stores or blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors antagonized the restraint-induced rise of plasma Prl values, while the decrease of GH elicited by stress was not modified by any pharmacological manipulation. These results indicate that although several putative neurotransmitters (PN) of the central nervous system (CNS) are implicated in the modulation of baseline levels of Prl, GH and LH, only the stress-induced activation of Prl secretion appears to be mediated by a PN, namely through a noradrenergic, beta-adrenergic route. PMID- 34117 TI - The effect of muscarine on cholinoceptive neurones subserving the peristaltic reflex of guinea-pig isolated ileum. PMID- 34118 TI - Involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the central control of respiration, blood pressure and heart rate in the anaesthetized rat. PMID- 34119 TI - Proceedings of the British Association of Psychopharmacology, University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology, Cardiff, (2-4 July 1978). Abstracts. PMID- 34120 TI - Development of a schizophrenia scale sensitive to change. PMID- 34121 TI - [CT diagnosis in cerebral complications of collagenous diseases (author's transl)]. AB - The CT examinations described demonstrate the incidence of focal defects of cerebral substance corresponding to the aspect of a completed cerebral infarction. Progress of the disease over several years may induce a remarkable, mainly internal and cortical, cerebral atrophy, due to the vascular damage of the brain. That is why it is important to consider the possibility of a collagenous disease, particularly in the case of young patients, when a differential diagnosis is being made on the basis of such findings. PMID- 34122 TI - Transport function of hypothalamic tanycyte ependyma: how good is the evidence? PMID- 34123 TI - The effects of surgical and chemical lesions on neurotransmitter candidates in the nucleus accumbens of the rat. PMID- 34124 TI - Changes in spontaneous and evoked release of transmitter induced by the crotoxin complex and its component phospholipase A2 at the frog neuromuscular junction. PMID- 34125 TI - Absence of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine beta-hydroxylase immunoreactivity in intrinsic nerves of the guinea-pig ileum. PMID- 34126 TI - Multiple molecular forms of arylsulfatase A in different forms of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). AB - Arylsulfatase A (ARA) can be separated into six to eight individual enzymatic bands of activity by isoelectric focusing on cellulose acetate membranes. The residual ARA activity in juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) has a single band of activity with apI of 5.5, whereas the residual ARA in the late infantile form of MLD has three bands of activity with pI range of from 5.4 to 5.8. The technique of isoelectric focusing on cellulose acetate membranes demonstrates enzymatic differences which can be correlated with the clinical form of the disease. PMID- 34127 TI - Variation of arylsulphatase A: comparative studies of arylsulphatase A with synthetic and natural substrates in three families with metachromatic leucodystrophy. AB - Arylsulphatase A activity was measured in leucocytes and cultured tibroblasts from individuals of three families with late infantile and adult metachromatic leucodystrophy, comparing enzyme assays with natural and two synthetic substrates including a simple and sensitive test employing 4-methylumbelliferly sulphate and AgNO3. Enzyme activities were compared with those obtained after isoelectric focusing. Arylsulphatase A values obtained for different heterozygotes were almost continuously scattered over the entire range from patient level to normal level. Nevertheless arylsulphatase A values of the heterozygotes were at least sligtly higher than the activity of diseases persons when measured with three different assays. The possibility is discussed of a crucial minimal level of residual arylsulphatase A activity necessary to avoid manifestation of the disease. PMID- 34128 TI - Medical Society of the State of New York. Proceedings of the House of Delegates. 172nd annual meeting, October 22 to 26, 1978. New York City. PMID- 34129 TI - Australian Rheumatism Association and New Zealand Rheumatism Association, combined meeting, Queenstown, 9--12 April 1978. PMID- 34130 TI - International Conference on Primary Health Care. PMID- 34131 TI - Drugs and dosages: Dobutrex. PMID- 34132 TI - [Effects of saliva components on the rise of pH by shaking (author's transl)]. PMID- 34133 TI - [Effects of various factors on the fall of saliva pH by heating (author's transl)]. PMID- 34134 TI - [A clinical investigation of traumatic injuries to teeth of children in our clinic (author's transl)]. PMID- 34135 TI - An evaluation of the McGill pain questionnaire for use in dental pain assessment. AB - Pain following tooth extraction was assessed in 60 patients using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Anxiety Differential, along with other measures of patient expectations and behavior. The McGill Pain Questionnaire demonstrated efficacy in assessing postextraction pain with subscale measures relating to situational anxiety, recovery time and use of analgesics. Significant overlap among the subscales (7--58% common variance) was found suggesting further scale refinement is indicated. Pain descriptive words used and mean subscale scores were similar to those previously reported for toothache pain. PMID- 34136 TI - [Value of the antibiogram for the treatment of urogenital Ureaplasma infections]. AB - We have currently established the spectrum of sensitivity of the isolated strains to various antibiotics before prescribing the appropriate treatment. A microtechnic has been used. The most active antibiotics are: minocyclin, pristinamycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, oxytetracyclin, kanamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin, in this order. PMID- 34137 TI - [Renal function and histologic studies in rats treated by floctafenin (author's transl)]. AB - The nephrotoxic action of floctafenin has been studied in rats. When administered orally at 20 or 50 mg/kg/day for 20 or 50 days, this analgesic agent had no effect on the renal function, either in intact rats or in animal with reduced renal parenchyma. There is no histological change in the kidneys of the treated animals except some focal dilatations of the distal tubules. The tubular alterations were more important in treated and untreated rats with nephronic reduction. The whole body autoradiographic studies of rats treated with 14C floctafenin showed that liver and kidney accumulate radioactivity, and that the intake of radiolabeled compounds is twice higher in renal cortex than in medulla. This study suggests that the toxicity of floctafenin for the rat kidney is very low or none. PMID- 34138 TI - Antibodies distinguishing between intact and alkali-hydrolyzed 7-methylguanosine. AB - Antibodies specific for intact 7-methylguanosine (m7G) were induced in rabbits and mice by immunization with nucleoside-BSA or nucleoside-hemocyanin conjugates. Since m7G undergoes alkali-catalyzed hydrolytic fission of the purine ring, modifications were made in the procedure for conjugation of m7G to proteins. After periodate oxidation, m7G was incubated with protein at pH 9.1 at 4 degrees C for one hour during which the nucleoside was found to be stable. Reduction of the Schiff base was done with t-butylamine borane for 30 minutes, and the conjugated protein was isolated quickly by gel filtration at pH 7.2. Both rabbits and mice produced antibodies that readily distinguished between the intact and hydrolyzed m7G. Antibody specificity depended largely on the presence of an intact 7-substituted imidazole ring and some cross-reaction occurred with 7 methylinosine. A weaker reaction occurred with ribothymidine and thymidine. Mouse antibodies induced by m7G-hemocyanin showed the highest specificity. They also recognized m7G in the isolated mRNA cap structure m7G(5')ppp(5')A. PMID- 34139 TI - Gateway to power. PMID- 34140 TI - [Continuation of the panel discussion held during the Jubilee Session of the Polish Medical Society in Szczecin on November 7, 1977. Hypertension: diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 34141 TI - The "neuroleptic" antipsychotic drugs. 1. Mechanisms of action. AB - The antipsychotic drugs have provided effective and relatively safe treatment of schizophrenia, paranoid illnesses, and manic-depressive conditions marked by psychotic features. These agents are sometimes called "neuroleptic," as virtually all produce signs of extrapyramidal neurologic disorders in addition to their antipsychotic actions; in part, evidently, the neuroleptic effects are an artifact of the means of screening of potential new agents. These agents have a strong and selective antagonistic action on synaptic mechanisms in the brain mediated by dopamine as a neurotransmitter. This antidopamine action almost certainly contributes importantly to their parkinsonism effect (basal ganglia) and their prolactin-elevating (hypothalamic) effect; in addition, antipsychotic actions may be mediated by antidopamine effects, possibly in limbic and other forebrain centers. PMID- 34142 TI - The "neuroleptic" antipsychotic drugs. 2. Neurologic side effects. AB - The specific neurologic side effects of the antipsychotic agents include acute dystonias, parkinsonism, motor restlessness, and late choretoathetosis. Treatment of the acute reactions is usually effected by the use of anticholinergic agents; treatment of the later dyskinesias is unsatisfactory, and these reactions are to be avoided by judicious use of antipsychotic drugs for long-term treatment. PMID- 34143 TI - Post-infectious encephalomyelitis: some aetiological mechanisms. AB - The possibility that acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis ('epidemic neuromyasthenia') may share a common pathogenesis is examined and many factors common to the two diseases are described. It is suggested that further study of ADEM may help our understanding of epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis. PMID- 34144 TI - The neurological manifestations of malabsorption. AB - The clinical and pathological findings in patients with neurological disorders in association with disordered function of the small intestine, in particular coeliac disease, are outlined. The possible significance of the abnormalities of pyridoxine, tyrosine and tryptophan metabolism are considered in relation to biopterin derivatives and their relevance to neurological dysfunction. PMID- 34145 TI - [Use of various preparations with beta-adrenergic blocking action in the overall therapy of thyrotoxicosis]. AB - Three beta-adrenoblockers (trasicor, alpheprol, isoptin) were used in 68 patients with thyrotoxicosis in the complex therapy of the disease. Their effect on hemodynamic indices, urinary catecholamine excretion were studied, and the results of investigation were compared with the data obtained earlier with the use of anaprylin. The action of the latter on the thyroid metabolism was ascertained. Anaprylin proved to be the most effective of the aforementioned preparations. Trasicor, which was somewhat less effective, could be used in patients with thyrotoxicosis complicated by cardiovascular insufficiency due to its less pronounced inotropic action. Isoptin may be recommended as an anti arrhythmic agent in thyrotoxicosis. The action mechanism of beta-adrenoblockers in thyrotoxicosis is suggested. PMID- 34146 TI - [Neurohumoral mechanism of the regulation of the blood and lymph coagulation process in heterologous blood transfusion shock]. PMID- 34147 TI - Mechanochemical properties of brain clathrin: interactions with actin and alpha actinin and polymerization into basketlike structures or filaments. AB - Two molar urea (pH 7.5) and column chromatography on Sepharose 4B were used to separate clathrin (coat protein) from the membrane of coated vesicles from bovine brain. Lytron (polystyrene) particles were used for study of the interaction of clathrin with contractile proteins. Muscle G-actin, F-actin, and alpha-actinin were bound by clathrin-coated Lytron particles, while no interaction was found when muscle tropomyosin and serum albumin were tested. Clathrin molecules dispersed in a solution of 20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) were found to be elongated. When the pH was adjusted from 7.5 to 6.5, clathrin molecules associated into basketlike or cage structures similar in size and shape to those observed in enriched preparations of coated vesicles. Below pH 6.0, cages or baskets became amorphous aggregates. Raising the pH from 6.5 to 8.0, addition of 5-10 mM ATP or EDTA, or addition of 200 mM KCl resulted in the dissassembly of baskets and the formation of filamentous arrays of various widths. Because of clathrin's biochemical and biophysical properties, its interaction with contractile proteins, and its presence in the membrane of vesicles of various cell types, we classified clathrin in the group of mechanochemical proteins. PMID- 34148 TI - Formation and properties of 1000-A-diameter, single-bilayer phospholipid vesicles. AB - Two methods are reported for the formation of large, uniform-sized phospholipid vesicles. The methods involve the treatment of phospholipid, in the form of either small, sonicated vesicles or a dry lipid film, at a molar ratio of deoxycholate to phospholipid of 1:2. Subsequent removal of deoxycholate yields a stable preparation of vesicles. These vesicles are bounded by a single bilayer, have an average diameter of 1000 A, and are readily separated from sonicated vesicles (230 A) by gel filtration on Sepharose 4B. Since the 1000-A vesicles are capable of trapping enzymes and other macromolecules, they may prove valuable for the delivery of liposome-entrapped solutes to cells and for the localization of peptide segments of a spectrum of membrane-bound proteins. PMID- 34149 TI - X-ray diffraction studies of fibers and crystals of deoxygenated sickle cell hemoglobin. AB - Paracrystalline fibers of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin in erythrocytes or concentrated solutions exhibit a phase transformation to a fully crystalline state. X-ray diffraction patterns of the fiber and crystallites are similar except in two respects: the equatorial spacings of the fibers suggest that they pack into a square lattice with a = 220 A, whereas those of the crystals can be indexed on the basis of a net of 187 A by 54 A, and the second-order near meridional reflections are strong on the fiber pattern but weak on that of the crystallites. The crystallites are isomorphous with single crystals grown in polyethylene glycol solution at pH 4.5 whole structure has been determined at near-atomic resolution (Wishner, B.C., Ward, K.B. Lattmen, E.E. & Lowve, W.E. (1975) J. Mol. Biol. 98, 179-194). Double filaments of molecules with an axial repeat of 64 A comprise the basic unit of both the crystal and fiber structures. Each filament of the pair is translated with respect to its neighbor by half a molecular diameter along the fiber axis. The two filaments are held together by contacts made by Val 6beta in the molecules of one strand with hydrophobic side chains of the molecule in the neighboring strand. This interaction is probably the cause of the aggregation of filaments into fibers that leads to the sickling of erythrocytes. PMID- 34150 TI - Translocation of intracellular glutathione to membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase as a discrete step in the gamma-glutamyl cycle: glutathionuria after inhibition of transpeptidase. AB - Several inhibitors of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in vitro [L-serine plus borate, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, and L- and D-gamma-glutamyl-(o carboxy)phenylhydrazide] are active in vivo, as indicated by their effect in decreasing the conversion of administered D-gamma-glutamyl-L-alpha amino[(14)C]butyrate to respiratory (14)CO(2) in mice. The hydrazides (both L and D isomers) are the most potent inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in vivo by the hydrazides is accompanied by extensive glutahionuria. The evidence suggests that a substantial fraction of the urinary glutathione arises from the kidney. The findings support the view that renal intracellular glutathione is normally translocated to the membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase as a separate step in the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Studies on in vivo inhibition of glutathione synthesis and of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase provide direct evidence that glutathione is normally translocated from tissues to the blood plasma and that the turnover of plasma glutathione is relatively high. The data suggest that the low but significant steady-state level of glutathione in the plasma reflects synthesis of glutathione (predominantly in the liver) and its utilization by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (predominantly in the kidney). Thus, glutathione synthesized in cells that have transpeptidase may be translocated to and used by the membrane-bound enzyme, whereas glutathione synthesized in cells that lack the transpeptidase may be transported via the plasma to transpeptidase located on the membranes of other cells. PMID- 34151 TI - beta-Adrenergic receptor agonists increase phospholipid methylation, membrane fluidity, and beta-adrenergic receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling. AB - The beta-adrenergic agonist L-isoproterenol stimulated the enzymic synthesis of phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine in rat reticulocyte ghosts containing the methyl donor S-adenosyl-L-methionine. The stimulation was stereospecific, dose-dependent, and inhibited by the beta-adrenergic agonist propranolol. The addition of GTP inside the resealed ghosts shifted the dose response of phospholipid methylation by L-isoproterenol to the left by 2 orders of magnitude. Direct stimulation of adenylate cyclase [ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1] with sodium fluoride or cholera toxin did not increase the methylation of phospholipids. At a concentration of S-adenosyl-L-methionine that stimulates synthesis of phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine, the activity of isoproterenol-sensitive adenylate cyclase was increased 2-fold without changes in the basal activity of adenylate cyclase and the number of beta-adrenergic receptors. The increase of phospholipid methylation by L-isoproterenol decreased membrane viscosity and increased translocation of methylated lipids. These findings indicate that enhancement of phospholipid methylation by L-isoproterenol decreases membrane microviscosity and thus increases lateral movement of the beta adrenergic receptors and coupling with adenylate cyclase. PMID- 34152 TI - Photomutagenesis by chlorinated phenothiazine tranquilizers. AB - Phenothiazine tranquilizers are widely used pharmaceuticals that have been associated with side effects, such as formation of cataracts, that seem related to light exposure. Because patients may use them over extensive time periods, it is important to determine what deleterious cellular effects these drugs may cause and, if possible, to select or design drugs that do not cause such effects. The results reported here demonstrate that chlorinated phenothiazine drugs can be photoactivated to mutagenic species, whereas the nonchlorinated analogues do not possess this characteristic. None of the phenothiazines tested is mutagenic in the dark. Mutagenicity was observed only in strains of Salmonella typhimurium that lacked excision repair of DNA, and the mutagenicity was elevated in strains that contained the plasmid pKM101, which may enhance error-prone repair. PMID- 34153 TI - Appearance of catecholamine-synthesizing enzymes during development of rat sympathetic nervous system: possible role of tissue environment. AB - We sought to determine, in rat embryo, when and at what site in their migration cells derived from the neural crest differentiate into sympathetic neuroblasts. This has been accomplished by immunocytochemical detection, within the cells, of the enzymes catalyzing catecholamine biosynthesis-tyrosine hydroxylase [TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase, L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2] dopamine-beta-hydroxylase [DBH; 3,4 dihydroxyphenylethylamine,ascorbate:oxygen oxidoreductase (beta-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.17.1)]-and, as a marker of prospective adrenal medullary cells, the enzyme phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT; S-adenosyl-L methionine:phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.28). TH and DBH, not detected in the neural crest, appear almost simultaneously in cells of the thoracic sympathetic ganglia in 11-day-old embryos, and in abdominal and lumbar ganglia 1-2 days later, thereby exhibiting a characteristic rostral-caudal gradient of differentiation. Cells stained for TH and DBH are seen in the gut wall from day 11 to day 14, but not thereafter. Cells stained for TH and DBH appear in the adrenal anlage at day 15. However, PNMT is not detected in the adrenal until day 17 of development, and is present only in the sympathoblasts in contact with the adrenal cortex. Treatment of pregnant rats with dexamethasone failed to accelerate the appearance of PNMT in the embryo or to initiate its expression in cells of other sympathetic organs. We conclude that neural crest cells express a noradrenergic phenotype only after leaving the neural crest and that these cells are labile with respect to their neurotransmitter and are capable of transformation in response to environmental stimuli. PMID- 34154 TI - Acetylcholine and local anesthetic binding to Torpedo nicotinic postsynaptic membranes after removal of nonreceptor peptides. AB - After alkaline extraction, purified subsynaptic fragments isolated from Torpedo electric tissue exhibit on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis predominant peptides of apparent Mr 41,000, 50,000, and 65,000 (i.e., the peptides characteristic of the nicotinic receptor purified and isolated in detergent solutions). The peptide of Mr 43,000 that is also found in the isolated postsynaptic membranes is recovered in the supernatant after alkaline extraction. The alkaline-extracted membranes were functionally intact, as demonstrated by the following criteria. The kinetics of binding of [3H]acetylcholine in the presence and absence of 30 micron carbamoylcholine to occupy acetylcholine binding sites, [14C]-meproadifen [2 (diethylmethylaminoethyl)-2,2-diphenylvalerate iodide ] was bound with a dissociation constant, KD, of 0.3 +/- 0.1 micron to 0.3 +/- 0.1 site per [3H]alpha-toxin site. This binding was displaced by perhydrohistrionicotoxin. The carbamoylcholine-stimulated efflux of 22Na+ from the Torpedo vesicles were preserved after alkaline extraction. It is concluded that not only the acetylcholine binding site, but also the local anesthetic binding site, must be associated with the peptides of the cholinergic receptor itself and not that of Mr 43,000. Those peptides remaining after alkaline extraction are also sufficient for permeability control. PMID- 34155 TI - Thymidylate synthetase purified to homogeneity from human leukemic cells. AB - Thymidylate synthetase (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate:dUMP C-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.45) from a human leukemic cell line has been purified to homogeneity with one-step affinity column chromatography. The purified enzyme has a specific activity of 3.8 micron/min per mg of protein, which corresponds to a turnover number of 250. These are the highest values reported for a thymidylate synthetase from neoplastic tissue. A ratio of 1.7 mol of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate binds per mol of enzyme in the presence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. The ternary complex so formed migrates intact on denaturing gels and can be precipitated with trichloroacetic acid; however, urea dissociates the ternary complex. The human thymidylate synthetase is composed of two subunits of 33,000 daltons each. It contains more residues of cysteine, glycine, and arginine and fewer of histidine than the well-studied thymidylate synthetase from Lactobacillus casei. PMID- 34156 TI - NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase activation of quinone anticancer agents to free radicals. AB - With NADPH as the electron donor, rat liver NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase (NADPH:ferricytochrome oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.2.4) catalyzes the single-electron reduction of several quinone antibiotics to a semiquinone or free radical state. The benzanthraquinones adriamycin, daunorubicin, carminomycin, 7-O methylnogalarol, and aclacinomycin A and the N-heterocyclic quinones streptonigrin and mitomycin C are activated to free radical intermediates which can transfer their single electron to molecular oxygen to form superoxide. The overall Km range for this electron transfer is 0.4 to 42.1 X 10(-4) M. We postulate that the formation of the "site-specific free radical/ intermediate is central to the cytotoxic action of these antibiotics. PMID- 34157 TI - Immunity to malaria. AB - Malaria remains prevalent throughout tropical and subtropical regions and almost a third of the World's population is exposed to the risk of infection. There is currently a serious resurgence of the disease in Asia and Central America. The failure of global eradication measures based upon the use of insecticides and chemotherapy has resulted from difficulties of practical implementation compounded by the spread of insecticide and drug resistance. Repeated natural infection does not produce detectable resistance to the exo-erythrocytic cycle of malaria in man. Irradiated sporzoite vaccines do, however, induce stage specific immunity in murine malaria and in a proportion of human subjects. Vaccinated individuals remain susceptible to blood stage infection which causes clinical malaria. In addition the vaccine is unstable and must be administered by intravenous inoculation. Since neither sporogonic nor exo-erythrocytic parasite development is cyclical in human malarias, there is little prospect for vaccine production through cultivation of these stages. The inhabitants of hyperendaemic areas become increasingly resistant to malaria during childhood and adolescence, through the slow development of specific, acquired immunity to asexual blood stage parasites. Immunity is mediated by antibody, which blocks merozoite invasion of red cells, as well as by cell mediated mechanisms and non-specific cytotoxic agents. Vaccination with merozoites induces long lasting immunity of broad serological specificity active against the blood-stage of the parasite. Merozoite vaccines can be preserved by freeze drying and harvested from continuous cultures of blood stage parasites. The major problem in development of a human merozoite vaccine concerns the requirement for Freund's complete adjuvant which is not acceptable for man. The effective immunity induced by vaccination contrasts with the slow development of incomplete resistance which follows repeated natural infection. The latter is associated with the generation of immune suppressor cells, lymphoid cell mitogens and soluble antigens, and in some species by the occurrence of antigenic variation--all of which may favour parasite survival. It is probable that vaccination with non-viable antigen of appropriate composition, induces immune effector processes without activating mechanisms which allow parasites to escape the consequences of immunity. Many effective vaccines such as those against measles, poliomyelitis, tetanus and rabies are commercially available but barely used in the developing world. The affected nations cannot afford their purchase, nor do the means exist for their distribution. It follows that if a safe and effective malaria vaccine were to be developed, its bulk manufacture and administration would require massive international support and cooperation. PMID- 34158 TI - The correlation between discharge times of neighbouring neurons in isolated cerebral cortex. AB - The purpose of the experiments was to find out whether neighbouring neurons in chronic preparations of neurally isolated cerebral cortex are more likely to fire synchronously than are similar neurons in the intact brain. Chronically implanted extracellular microelectrodes were used to obtain simultaneous records of the spontaneous discharges of neighbouring neurons in the suprasylvian gyrus of the unanesthetized, unrestrained cat. We have examined multi-unit records obtained from neurons in islands of neurally isolated cortex; these records have been compared with similar records from neurons in the same cortical region of the intact brains of control animals. In isolated cortex, neighbouring neurons showed a tendency to discharge in near synchrony. In contrast, there was a random temporal relation between the firing times of adjacent nerve cells of intact cortex, provided the cat was awake. These results, taken together with the relevant observations of other workers, may indicate the manner in which biologically important information is transmitted within the mammalian brain. PMID- 34159 TI - The eye of the soldier beetle Chauliognathus pulchellus (Cantharidae). AB - The soldier beetle eye is unusual in having large optically isotropic corneal cones which project inwards from a thick isotropic cornea. Refraction is mainly at the corneal surface. Calculation shows that the first focal plane is near the tip of the cone, from which the optical pathway continues as a crystalline tract. At the distal end of the crystalline tract, 3 micrometer in diameter, the four cone cells enclose the proximal tip of the corneal cone; at the proximal end they enclose the distal tip of a long fused rhabdom rod. The eye is remarkable in that there are two classes of retinula cells; four cells contribute to the long thin axial rhabdom, 2 micrometer in diameter and 120 micrometer long, and the other four cells form two rounded rhabdoms, 10 x 4 micrometer in cross-section and 20 micrometer deep, which lie to one side of the optical axis. The physiological properties of individual retinula cells were measured by intracellular recording. The retinula cells are of three spectral types with peaks near 360, 450 and 520- 530 nm. Except by the criterion of spectral sensitivity, the retinula cells sampled could not be sorted into more than one class. The measured value of the acceptance angle, near 3 degrees in the dark-adapted state, is consistent with the hypothesis that all sampled cells were of the anatomical type that participate in the central rhabdom rod. A calculation of the theoretical field size of individual retinula cells from measurments of refractive index and lens dimensions predicts that cells which participate in the central rhabdom will have acceptance angles near 3 degrees. The conclusion, therefore, is that only one anatomical type of cell has so far been sampled. PMID- 34160 TI - A search for causes of polymorphism in Clithon oualaniensis (Lesson) (Gastropoda; Prosobranchia). AB - Western Clithon from India and Ceylon differs from eastern Clithon from the Malay Peninsula and Hong Kong as regards shell pattern and coloration (Gruneberg 1976, 1978). The western form lives in regions with high surface salinity whereas the eastern form lives in regions with low surface salinity. This situation may either reflect a causal relation, or it may be the result of a coincidence. The evidence presented in this paper speaks against a causal relation and suggests that other factors with a similar geographical distribution may be at work. PMID- 34161 TI - Hyperaccumulation of nickel by Alyssum Linnaeus (Cruciferae). AB - Herbarium specimens of all except one of the 168 recognized species of Alyssum Linnaeus have been analysed for their nickel content in order to identify hyperaccumulators (greater than 1000 microgram per g dry mass) of nickel. A further 31 hyperaccumulators (all in section Odontarrhena) were discovered in addition to the 14 European species reported earlier. Pot trials on the non accumulator A. serpyllifolium Desfontaines and the hyperaccumulator A. pintodasilvae Dudley in ed. involving addition of nickel to the medium in which the plants were growing, showed that not all species of of section Odontarrhena were able to act as hyperaccumulators of nickel. Hyperaccumulation occurred almost exclusively in the eastern Mediterranean area and Turkey. There appeared to be a definite correlation between species diversity, proliferation and endemism on the one hand, and extremely high nickel concentrations (greater than 1%) on the other. The data have been used to assess the evidence for promoting section Odontarrhena to generic rank. PMID- 34162 TI - The interpretation of structure from motion. AB - The interpretation of structure from motion is examined from a computional point of view. The question addressed is how the three dimensional structure and motion of objects can be inferred from the two dimensional transformations of their projected images when no three dimensional information is conveyed by the individual projections. The following scheme is proposed: (i) divide the image into groups of four elements each; (ii) test each group for a rigid interpretation; (iii) combine the results obtained in (ii). It is shown that this scheme will correctly decompose scenes containing arbitrary rigid objects in motion, recovering their three dimensional structure and motion. The analysis is based primarily on the "structure from motion" theorem which states that the structure of four non-coplanar points is recoverable from three orthographic projections. The interpretation scheme is extended to cover perspective projections, and its psychological relevance is discussed. PMID- 34163 TI - Ionic basis of different synaptic potentials mediated by an identified dopamine containing neuron in Planorbis. AB - A specified dopamine neuron in Planorbis corneus produces dopamine-mediated e.p.s.ps, i.p.s.ps or biphasic, depolarizing-hyperpolarizing p.s.ps in different follower neurons. The excitatory potentials were of three types. Some follower neurons exhibited slow e.p.s.ps (ca 1 s), and a long-lasting, slowly desensitizing, depolarizing response to iontophoresed dopamine. Others showed rapid (ca. 150 ms) e.p.s.ps, often of variable amplitude, and a rapid, quickly desensitizing, response to iontophoresed dopamine. The rapid e.p.s.ps were sometimes followed by the inhibitory response (biphasic potential). The e.p.s.ps were potentiated by hyperpolarization and reduced by depolarization, though they could not be inverted. The slow e.p.s.p. was shown to be associated with an increase in membrane conductance, but it has proved difficult to elucidate the ions involved. A third type of e.p.s.p. was produced by electrical transmission. The inhibitory potentials were generally reduced in amplitude by artificial hyperpolarization but could rarely be inverted. This is probably due in part to the presence of of electrotonic coupling between these follower neurons. The i.p.s.ps were associated with an increase in conductance which appeared small when measured in the cell body. However, the i.p.s.ps produced considerable shunting of electrotonic transmission between coupled followers indicating a large increase in conductance at the synapse. I.p.s.ps were unaffected by Cl-free solution but they were greatly reduced, though rarely inverted, by increasing the external K concentration. They were blocked by intracellular tetraethylammonium, or cooling. The effects on corresponding responses to iontophoresed dopamine were in each case the same as on the i.p.s.ps. It is concluded that the i.p.s.ps mediated by the dopamine neuron are produced by an increase in permeability to K+. On a few occasions i.p.s.ps mediated by the dopamine neuron were potentiated by hyperpolarization. This appeared to be caused by a sharp increase in membrane resistance with hyperpolarization of these particular neurons. However, mediation by a mechanism of conductance decrease could not be completely excluded. PMID- 34164 TI - Local development of action potentials in slow muscle fibres after complete or partial denervation. AB - Pyriformis muscles of Rana temporaria were completely or partially denervated by cutting the sciatic nerve or some of the small nerve branches entering the muscle. One stimulating and one to three recording microelectrodes were inserted along the fibres in order to compare the electrical activity at these points. In an early period following denervation action potentials of variable size and shape could be observed; these action potentials were often composed of two, sometimes of three or four, components. The size of individual components depended on the position of the recording microelectrode. Individual components could occasionally be triggered separately by adjusting the strength of the stimulating current pulse; propagation of these "all or none" responses was absent. In other fibres one component of the action potential could trigger another one several millimetres apart, thus indicating propagation. Conduction velocities were approximately 0.4 m/s. In partially denervated slow fibres, endplate potentials were confined to one lateral segment of the fibres, while the action potential occupied the denervated part of the membrane. The amplitudes of endplate and action potentials varied inversely with distance. Rough estimates of the length constant of the slow fibre membrane were calculated from the spatial decay of action potentials, endplate potentials and hyperpolarizing electrotonic potentials; mean values obtained were 2.5, 4.8 and 7.7 mm respectively. The results suggest that following denervation Na channels are built into discrete areas of the slow fibre membrane and that this process depends on the amount of denervation in individual fibres. PMID- 34165 TI - Effect of halogenated hydrocarbons on synaptosomal uptake and release of neurotransmitters. PMID- 34166 TI - Drug interactions with nerve membrane components regulating ionic permeability: action of tetrodotoxin, procaine, pentobarbital, and ethanol. AB - The interaction of neuroactive agents with surface membrane ionizable groups which regulate passive ionic permeability in crayfish giant axons was examined. Every ionizable membrane group was found to contribute in various degrees to regulating membranes ionic permeability. However, some membrane ionizable groups have dominant control over specific ions. Thus potassium and sodium passive permeability is predominantly activated by deprotonation of imidazole on protein and the secondary ionization of phosphatidic acid. Chloride permeability appears activated almost entirely by protonation of amino side groups on protein. The conformational state of membrane protein which regulates ionic permeability changed when the axon was potassium depolarized. The effects of tetrodotoxin, ethanol, and the amphipathic molecules procaine and pentobarbital, on the passive ionic conductances were determined. Both procaine and pentobarbital could, when charged, alter specific ionic conductances through their effects on surface double layer potentials although protein conformational changes were also involved. Studies on animals made dependent with ethanol showed an increased passive sodium conductance which further increased following ethanol withdrawal. A physical mechanism for ethanol dependency is suggested. Although the above four agents show differences in how they alter specific ionic conductances of nerve, their common mode of action, at concentrations which block the action potential, is to prevent a normal conformational change in membrane protein from occurring when nerve is depolarized. PMID- 34167 TI - Membrane mechanisms of drugs of abuse. A review of the conference. PMID- 34168 TI - Digestion, absorption and transport of lipids in ruminant animals. PMID- 34169 TI - [Analysis of products and modes of decomposition of dimethindene maleate]. PMID- 34170 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of bufuralol in man]. PMID- 34171 TI - [Role of the acidification of hydrophilic matrices on the liberation of poorly soluble drugs in intestinal fluid]. PMID- 34172 TI - Effects of lesions in the ventral noradrenergic bundle on behavior and response to psychotropic drugs in rats. AB - Bilateral lesions of the ventral noradrenergic bundle (VB) decreased concentration of noradrenaline within the mesendiencephalon but not in the cortex. Lesioned rats showed increased activity measured in the open field test. Cataloptogenic effects of chlorpromazine and haloperidol were almost completely abolished in VB-lesioned animals. The stereotypy induced by both--amphetamine and apomorphine was, however, unchanged. It is supposed that lesions of the VB lead to increased activity in dopaminergic neurons in the brain. PMID- 34173 TI - Interaction of alpha-MSH and MIF-I with amphetamine on open-field behavior of rats. PMID- 34174 TI - Enhancement of 3H-diazepam binding by SQ 65,396: a novel anti-anxiety agent. AB - SQ 65,396, a clinically active anti-anxiety agent, enhanced the binding of 3H diazepam at 1.5 nM. This effect was due to an increase in the affinity for the ligand, without a change in the number of 3H-diazepam binding sites. This action of SQ 65,396 may mediate its anti-anxiety effects by affecting the action of an endogenous modulator of the "benzodiazepine receptor." Several other substances and treatments increase the affinity of 3H-diazepam for its receptors by mechanisms which may be related to the effect produced by SQ 65,396. PMID- 34175 TI - Relationship between benzodiazepine receptors and experimental anxiety in rats. AB - The in vitro and in vivo ability of benzodiazepines to inhibit specific 3H diazepam binding correlated with their ability to increase punished responding in a conflict situation. Conflict and foot shock, the punishing stimulus used in most conflict procedures, also altered 3H-diazepam binding. These data implicate 3H-diazepam binding sites in mediating at least some of the anxiolytic properties of benzodiazepines and suggest the existence of some endogenous substance which might be involved in the etiology of anxiety. PMID- 34176 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of narcotic analgesic drugs. PMID- 34177 TI - On the correlation between alpha-adrenoceptor blockade and inhibition of neuronal uptake of 3H-noradrenaline. PMID- 34179 TI - The separation of visual axes in apposition compound eyes. PMID- 34178 TI - Effects of urotensin I on the isolated rat tail artery. AB - Urotensin I (UI) was found to elicit dose-related relaxation responses in isolated helical strips of the rat tail artery. The responses were not prevented by adrenergic, cholingergic or histaminergic blocking agents. Competitive and non competitive components of antagonism were observed to noradrenaline-, 5 hydroxytryptamine-, and arginine vasopressin-induced contractions. Atropine caused a direct relaxation of the isolated vascular tissues, as well as a significant potentiation of UI responses. PMID- 34180 TI - The constitutive heterochromatin in chromosomes of Fritillaria Sp., as revealed by Giemsa banding. AB - The incidence of C-bands (constitutive heterochromatin), as determined by differential Giemsa staining, was studied in the chromosomes of 56 species, varietal forms and subgenera of Fritillaria and 30 of them are illustrated. With the exception of the subgenera Korolkowi, a supposed link between lilies and fritillaries, and chromsome complements of all plants contained bands. There were wide differences in the size and number of these bands among species both within and between groups. In those with the largest and most abundant bands, there was a pronounced tendency for centromeric localization, both in Old and New World species. The Giemsa positive centromeres were masked when this occurred. Heteromorphy in respect of banding occurred in most species. The relation of repetitive DNA sequences with heterochromatin is discussed, as is also the problem of evolution in Fritillaria. PMID- 34181 TI - Selected soft-tissue research: an overview from carville. AB - Studies are underway on the effect on insensitive feet of repeated, "normal," nonischemic pressure, such as that caused by walking. Although such stress does not harm normal tissues, it can lead to soft-tissue damage in the insensitive foot. This research is trying to determine such information as the amount of energy input required to damage soft tissue, microscopic and macroscopic changes that occur during early soft-tissue damage, importance of time sequence of energy input, and amount of energy input that causes hypertrophy rather than ulceration. The progress of these studies is reported. PMID- 34182 TI - Management of the insensitive limb. AB - The limb or part of a limb that becomes insensitive often is destroyed or must be amputated. This is largely due not to intrinsic weakness of the limb but to damage from external forces that would normally be avoided by the person experiencing a warning pain. When the lack of pain sensation can be compensated for, the insensitive limb need not become damaged. Techniques for protecting the insensitive foot and hand are presented. PMID- 34183 TI - [Cooperative examination of allogeneic marrow prior to transplantation in humans]. PMID- 34184 TI - The pharmacology of aggressive behavioural phenomena elicited by muscarine injected into the cerebral ventricles of conscious cats. PMID- 34185 TI - Antipsychotic effect of propranolol on chronic schizophrenics: study of a gradual treatment regimen. AB - Ten chronic treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients were treated in a single blind trial for six weeks with propranolol in daily doses increasing up to 3 g in order to evaluate a modified dose regimen of propranolol treatment in these patients. Four of the patients improved significantly and could be released from the hospital, regaining premorbid social and work adjustments. The modified regimen proved safe as long as the dose increment was not more than 80 mg/day. The mean therapeutic level of propranolol was 1600 mg/day, which proved to be a safe dose. Although three patients with hypertensive encephalophaty responded, their response was related not to the maximum dose but to a drastic change in the rate of the dose increase. It seems that on the basis of these results a double blind comparative study would be worthwhile. PMID- 34186 TI - Individual variations in the effects of flurazepam, clorazepate, L-dopa and thyrotropin-releasing hormone on REM sleep in man. AB - The comporative effects of flurazepam, clorazepate, L-dopa, and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on REM sleep were investigated in normal, healthy adults. A single dose of each drug was given orally to the subjects 30 min before bedtime. A dose of 30 mg flurazepam significantly decreased REM sleep-time when compared to the mean baseline record. No change was noted in REM sleep-time on the clorazepate (15 mg) night, L-dopa (1000 mg) night, or TRH (2 mg) night, when compared to the mean baseline record. Because large individual variations were found in REM sleep time on each drug night, and in percentage increase in REM sleep following partial differential REM deprivation (PDRD), correlation was investigated between them. The percentage decrease in REM sleep during flurazepam was found to have a significant negative correlation with the percentage increase in REM sleep after PDRD in individual subjects. Although there was no significant change in REM sleep on TRH night when compared to the mean baseline record, a similar significant negative correlation was noted. On the L-dopa night, there was a tendency toward a negative correlation between them. No significant correlation was noted on the clorazepate night. PMID- 34188 TI - Proceedings on the Experimental Psychology Society, 1978. PMID- 34187 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 18th Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research. PMID- 34189 TI - [Pharmacological treatment of syndromes of aggressivity]. AB - In the treatment of violent-aggressive behavior, four major groups of drugs emerged: 1. Major tranquilizers in the treatment of aggressive-violent behavior associated with psychotic syndromes. 2. Anti-epileptic drugs such as diphenylhydantoin and barbiturates in the treatment of aggressive-violent behavior within the epileptic syndrome. 3. Psychostimulants in the treatment of aggressive behavior of adolescents and children within behavior disturbances. 4. Anti-male hormones such as cyproterone acetate in the treatment of violent aggressive behavior associated with pathological sexual hyperactivity. Whereas each category of drug is predominantly effective in one type of aggressive syndrome, it may also be effective in other conditions as well. Aggression as a result of a personality disorder is most difficult to treat with drugs. PMID- 34190 TI - [Soldering blind surfaces with Vita-metal correction fluid]. PMID- 34191 TI - [Fastening objects for soldering (I)]. PMID- 34192 TI - [Fastening objects for soldering (II)]. PMID- 34193 TI - Comparison views in extremity injury in children: an efficacy study. AB - Routine comparison views in cases of suspected extremity injury in children have not been adequately substantiated, in the authors' opinion. Three hundred such cases were reviewed, with pediatric radiologists requesting comparison views of the uninjured side in 8%. In no case did the comparison view change the initial diagnosis. When the initial interpretation is made by pediatric radiologists, selective use of comparison views is more cost-efficient and delivers less radiation to patients and personnel, compared to obtaining them routinely in all cases. PMID- 34194 TI - [Proceedings of the XVII Symposium of the Society for Histochemistry held in Schlob Korb Bozen October 2-5, 1974. Standardization and Deliniation of Histochemical Findings]. PMID- 34195 TI - [Opening of the symposium and awarding of the Robert Feulgen Prize for histochemistry]. PMID- 34196 TI - The development of supraspinal control of spontaneous motility in chick embryos. PMID- 34197 TI - Ontogenesis of some sleep regulations: early postnatal impairment of the monoaminergic systems. PMID- 34198 TI - [Proceedings of the scientific meeting at the occasion of Prof. A Biourge's jubilee]. PMID- 34199 TI - [Joint meeting with the French Rheumatology Society. The rheumatoid knee]. PMID- 34200 TI - [Multiple endocrine neoplasms]. PMID- 34201 TI - [XV Chilean Congress of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Chile, 29 November to 2 December 1978. Abstracts]. PMID- 34202 TI - [Psychopharmacological treatment in the organic cerebral psychosyndrome and in psychosomatic diseases]. PMID- 34203 TI - [Acute intoxication by phenothiazines and major antidepressants]. PMID- 34204 TI - [Celebration of the 50th anniversary of the French League against Rheumatism (proceedings)]. PMID- 34205 TI - [French Society of Rheumatology, General meeting (proceedings)]. PMID- 34206 TI - Comparative studies of the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reaction in the plasma of reptiles and amphibians. PMID- 34207 TI - Physiological significance of secretin in the pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. I. Responsiveness of the secretin-releasing system in the upper duodenum. AB - In nine normal subjects intraduodenal pH was measured by means of a glass electrode placed in the passage from the first to the second part of the duodenum. The physiological variations in pH were simulated by intraduodenal injection of 2.5, 5, or 10 ml of 0.1 mol x 1(-1) HCl and subsequent neutralization by injection of bicarbonate. A total of 26 injections of acid was followed by a pH spike from a median pH of 7.0 to a median of pH 2.1 Median spike duration was 45 sec. The concentration of secretin in plasma increased from a median of 1.2 pmol x 1(-1) to a peak value of 2.2 pmol x 1(-1) after 4 min. It is concluded that the secretin response to a brief acidification of the first 4--6 cm of the duodenum is sufficient to explain the physiological variations in the concentration of secretin in human plasma. PMID- 34208 TI - Long-term prognosis and followup in schizophrenia. AB - The long-term course or natural history of schizophrenia is correlated with differing diagnostic criteria and commonly agreed upon prognostic variables. A review of 38 long-term followup studies of hospitalized schizophrenics reveals that unspecified or Kraepelinian-type schizophrenia has a much worse prognosis than atypical schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis, reactive psychosis, or other good premorbid types. Diagnoses based on longitudinal as well as cross reactional data are more predictive of outcome than cross-sectionally based diagnoses. Drug and psychosocial treatment results must be evaluated in terms of prognostic variables, many of which are incorporated in some currently employed diagnostic criteria. There is no firm evidence that maintenance medication is indicated in some good prognosis patients. The paucity of long-range followups, the inadequacies of outcome assessments, and diagnostic disagreements limit our understanding of the effects of drug treatment, a treatment which is not without dangerous neurological side effects in many patients. PMID- 34209 TI - Therapeutic antagonism between anticholinergics and neuroleptics: possible involvement of cholinergic mechanisms in schizophrenia. AB - We have answered technical criticisms of our work in which anticholinergic agents were added to ongoing neuroleptic treatment in an ABA' research design. The suggested analysis of variance for repeated measures of the three periods is inappropriate because of the expected carryover effects from continuous neuroleptic treatment. The multivariate analysis of various parameters seems unsuitable because homogeneity of covariance cannot be ensured due to the heterogeneity of schizophrenia and the diverse factors represented in the psychopathology measures. We have summarized the results of recent parametric and nonparametric analyses of combined data from our three studies to show that the significant effects clearly pointed to therapeutic antagonism between anticholinergic agents and neuroleptics. We suggest that cholinergic neurons may be part of some crucial discriminative control mechanisms in the brain organization that are ineffective in schizophrenia and lead to a relative overactivity of the opposing catecholaminergic neurons in the midbrain-limbic circuitry which promote repetition of behaviors in goal-directed activity. PMID- 34210 TI - Do anticholinergic antagonize antipsychotic drug action? PMID- 34211 TI - Social influences on the prognosis of schizophrenia. AB - Literature relating to social influences on prognosis of schizophrenia is selectively reviewed. The influence of the care system is considered separately from other social influences such as business cycle fluctuations, community organization and attitudes, social class membership, independent events in the patient's life, and expression of emotion by the patient's family members. Several studies of milieu indicate that milieu can influence course of illness for better, or for worse. One study of group psychotherapy suggests that groups help improve social function of schizophrenics in the community. Studies of individual psychotherapy fail to demonstrate its efficacy. Business cycle fluctuations clearly relate to admission rates of schizophrenics to hospitals; independent life events are associated with onset and relapse. Community attitudes and family emotional expression relate to relapse and rehospitalization. Clearly, social events, especially those occurring outside the care system, do influence the course of illness. There is also evidence for the influence of psychosocial treatment but at the present time is less consistent the evidence for the influence of other social events on the prognosis and course in schizophrenia. PMID- 34212 TI - A drug-free month for outpatient schizophrenics. PMID- 34213 TI - [Antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Switzerland]. AB - One hundred and eighty strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated from various materials at the Institute of Medical Microbiology in Zurich between March and October 1978. Examination of these isolates for resistance to 6 standard antimicrobials revealed that 17 (9.4%) strains were resistant to the tetracyclines, 2 strains to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim and 1 strain to both tetracycline and chloramphenicol. All strains were highly sensitive to benzylpenicillin, cephalothin and erythromycin. Serotyping of the pneumococci was done by the capsular quellung reaction. The prevalent serotypes in the entire collection of strains were Nos. 6, 23, 19, 3, 9, 14 and 7. The prevalent serotypes of strains isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, pus, and bronchial secretions were Nos. 4, 8, 7, 14, 9, 3, 19 and 6. Vaccination with PneumovaxTM, a vaccine containing 14 capsular antigens, should provide protection against 75% of pneumococci identified as true pathogens in this study. Pneumococci are rather rarely isolated in our laboratories. For this reason, and because the strains isolated are still sensitive to antibiotics in conventional use, mass vaccination of the population in Switzerland is not recommended. Vaccination should be carried out in certain high risk groups of patients. PMID- 34214 TI - [Use of frozen thrombocytes for the determination of von willebrand factor with the aid of ristocetin]. AB - The quantitative assay of von Willebrand factor using ristocetin aggregation is simplified and improved by the use of frozen normal platelets. The main advantages of the method described are excellent reproducibility, maintenance of a stable optimal pH and the possibility of eliminating interfering factors, such as inhibitors, by dilution. PMID- 34215 TI - Phosphorylation of Isocitrate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. AB - Addition of acetate to a stationary phase culture of Escherichia coli in glycerol mineral salts medium containing phosphorus-32-labeled orthophosphate results in rapid loss of isocitrate dehydrogenase activity and concomitant incorporation of phosphorus-32 into the enzyme. This is the first example of protein phosphorylation in a bacterium in which the endogenous substrate for the protein kinase has been identified. PMID- 34216 TI - Mediatory role of calcium and guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate in adrenocorticotropin-induced steroidogenesis by adrenal cells. AB - When incubated in a calcium-free medium, isolated rat fasciculata cells showed neither an increase in the concentration of guanocine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) nor an increase in corticosterone production in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). In response to submaximum and maximum steroidogenic concentrations of ACTH, corticosterone formation was directly proportional to increases in calcium concentration ranging from 0 to 2.5 mM. Higher concentration of calcium, however, inhibited maximal ACTH-induced steroidogenesis. In the absence of ACTH, calcium did not stimulate cyclic GMP accumulation and corticosterone formation. ACTH-induced corticosterone synthesis, preceded by an increase in cyclic GMP, was restored when ACTH and calcium were both present in the medium. Cyclic GMP or dibutryl cyclic GMP-induced steroidogenesis was substantially reduced in the absence of calcium, but in contrast to the ACTH effect a significant amount of corticosterone formation occurred without calcium. It is proposed that at the physiological concentrations of the hormone, calcium regulates the transduction of information between hormone receptors and guanylate cyclase. PMID- 34217 TI - [Sultopride: a new powerful neuroleptic (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have used sultopride as a treatment for twenty-five hospitalized psychiatric patients whose states of agitation belonged to different nosographic kinds. They could notice the remarkable efficacy previously stated. Interesting results have been obtained in behaviour disorders in epileptics and oligophrenic patients. Sultopride at low dosage also seems to have favourable effects on the agitation of the demented states and in the case of late delirante psychose. PMID- 34218 TI - [Dietary and drug treatments of calcium nephrolithiasis (author's transl)]. AB - Dietary and drug treatments of calcium nephrolithiasis depend mainly on the mineral composition of renal stones: calcium oxalate, phosphate or mixed stones. The association with an hypercalciuria is an important factor which must be taken into account because oxalates and phosphates precipitate as calcium crystals in case of urinnary oversaturation. Despite many therapies have been proposed, their efficiency seems to be rather small when they are used alone. Usually, it is necessary to act on several factors with a combination of therapeutic methods. Absorptive hypercalciuria are improved with both low calcium diets and inhibitors of calcium absorption. In renal hypercalciuria, the treatment is based on the administration of thiazide diuretics which enhance calcium renal tubular reabsorption. The other therapeutic methods depend on the nature of renal stones: urinary acidification for calcium phosphate; administration of succinimide, oral phosphate or organic phosphonates for calcium oxalate stones; association with purine biosynthesis inhibitors in case of the presence of urates in renal calculi. PMID- 34219 TI - [Cases of abnormal movements]. AB - Four patients with abnormal movements were treated with tiapridal. Very good results were obtained in a case of buccofacial dyskinesia associated with an extrapyramidal syndrome and dementia, and in another patient with middle-of-the dose dyskinesias induced by L-dopa treatment for Parkinson's disease. No effect was observed, however in a case of beginning of the dose dyskinesias, and the extrapyramidal symptoms increased in severity. A dopadecarboxylase-inhibitor was associated with the L-dopa treatment in these three cases. In the fourth case, there was an increase in the spasms of the medial part of the face. PMID- 34220 TI - [Present-day treatment of dyskinesias (author's transl)]. AB - The physiopathological processes involved in the production of dyskinesias will become clearer as our knowledge of neuromediators and their receptors increases. Among centrally-acting molecules, pimozide and the substituted benzamides block dopaminergic receptors only. Tiapride, which is a substituted benzamide, has an original neurotropic action expressed as relaxant and antidyskinetic activity. It is perfectly well-tolerated and is simple to prescribe, which has made it a product for use in general practice where very encouraging results have been obtained, especially in the two cases reported: an elderly patient with buccofacial dyskinesia often seen in this age group, and a patient with severe dopa-induced dyskinesias. PMID- 34222 TI - [Cross-section of nursing congresses]. PMID- 34221 TI - Polyarteritis nodosa: a clinical and angiographic analysis of 17 cases. PMID- 34224 TI - A model for the function of bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 34223 TI - Actin, motility, and membranes. PMID- 34225 TI - Symposium: peptic ulcer disease. Introduction. PMID- 34226 TI - Symposium: peptic ulcer disease. PMID- 34227 TI - [Intragastric pH determination in patients with hernia of esophageal opening of the diaphragm]. PMID- 34228 TI - [Local treatment of nonspecific ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 34229 TI - [Effect of flunitrazepam, administered intravenously, on memory and other functions of the central nervous system]. PMID- 34230 TI - Practical solutions to controversial problems--undescended testis. PMID- 34231 TI - A retractor for groin surgery in infants and children. PMID- 34232 TI - Oral epidemiology. PMID- 34233 TI - [Symposium on medical education. 20th-22nd March 1978, Bloemfontein]. PMID- 34234 TI - General anaesthesia with intravenous flunitrazepam, continuous ketamine infusion and muscle relaxant. A preliminary report. AB - We present a preliminary report of an anaesthetic technique for abdominal surgery involving a combination of flunitrazepam induction and continuous ketamine maintenance of anaesthesia, specifically avoiding the use of any inhalational agents. Standard techniques of muscle relaxation, intubation and ventilation with oxygen-enriched air were employed. PMID- 34235 TI - Fetal heart rate in the second stage of labour and fetal outcome. AB - Fetal heart rate tracings were obtained in 50 patients who had a normal 1st stage of labour until delivery of the baby. Fetal condition at birth was assessed by umbilical cord artery (UCA) pH and Apgar scores. Forty-eight of the 50 fetal heart tracings showed frequent, marked, early decelerations throughout the 2nd stage of labour. These tracings, when not accompanied by other pathological features, were associated with a good fetal outcome at birth. PMID- 34237 TI - Apudomas and the gastro-intestinal tract. PMID- 34236 TI - Hypothesis: volatile anaesthetic agents enhance transplacental exchange between mother and fetus. A preliminary study of fetal scalp blood gas changes associated with enflurane anaesthesia. AB - A hypothesis that volatile anaesthetic agents, represented by enflurane, facilitate transplacental exchange was tested by simultaneous blood sampling of both mother and fetus. A trend towards improved fetal scalp blood gas status and maternal-to-fetal acid-base matching was observed with enflurane. Our results encourage further research into the feasibility of intra-uterine fetal resuscitation by anaesthetically induced promotion of intervillous perfusion. PMID- 34238 TI - Persistent gastric mucosal hypoxia and interstitial edema after hemorrhagic shock: prevention with steroid therapy. AB - To define the role of the nutrient microvasculature in the pathogenesis of acute gastric mucosal erosions, a correlation was performed of changes in intracellular oxygenation (ICPO2) and intracellular potential difference (ICPD) in surface epithelial cells with the histological alterations in the apices of the faveoli of canine gastric mucosa after 3 hours of hemorrhagic shock. ICPO2 fell from 16.7 +/- 0.8 mm Hg before shock to 5.4 +/- 0.9 mm Hg at the end of shock. Ninety minutes after reinfusion of blood and restoration of total gastric blood flow to baseline levels, ICPO2 was 5.8 +/- 0.7 mm Hg. ICPD changes were similar, but more gradual. Treatment with methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) 30 minutes after hemorrhage ameliorated mucosal hypoxia during shock (10.9 +/- 1.0 mm Hg) and prevented it after resuscitation (15.4 +/- 0.8 mm Hg). The microscopic anatomy of untreated gastric mucosae showed severe subepithelial edema with dialted capillaries in the lamina propria; methylprednisolone treatment prevented these changes. We conclude that pathophysiological arteriovenous shunting occurs in the microcirculation of the apical faveoli and speculate that it is caused either by redistribution of nutrient blood flow away from the surface epithelium or by increased permeability of the microvascular endothelium with concomitant mucosal interstitial edema. These findings suggest an explanation for the paradox between restoration of mucosal blood flow and continued mucosal injury which occur after shock. PMID- 34239 TI - [Do you know enough about this? Newborn infant--body temperature and heat]. PMID- 34240 TI - [Clorazepate dipotassium, a tranquilizing agent for patients with dentophobia]. PMID- 34241 TI - Recent advances in the benzodiazepines. PMID- 34242 TI - [Drug induced cutaneous effects, particularly Lyell's syndromes; recent physiopathological aspects]. PMID- 34243 TI - [The biological detection of chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 34244 TI - [Drug therapy of anxiety]. PMID- 34245 TI - [5th International symposium on infectious diseases in sheep and goats. Tunis, 20 22 November 1978]. PMID- 34246 TI - [W.H.O. symposium on nursing services and management patterns in a number of European countries, from 20-23 November in Stuttgart]. PMID- 34247 TI - The fate of triphenyllead acetate in the rat. PMID- 34248 TI - A vial-equilibration method to evaluate the drug-metabolizing enzyme activity for volatile hydrocarbons. PMID- 34249 TI - Potentiation by carbon tetrachloride of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in lung microsomes. PMID- 34250 TI - [Torsion of an undescended testis]. PMID- 34251 TI - [Delirium tremens--a noradenaline-induced stress syndrome treated with alpha and beta blockaders]. PMID- 34252 TI - [Drug therapy of uric acid calculi--litholysis]. PMID- 34253 TI - [Genetically conditioned variability of metabolic profile parameters in dairy cows]. AB - Individual heritability and differences in the concentration of the chemical components of the blood were studied in the dairy cows of the Slovak Spotted breed. The experiment was performed with 166 cows. The set comprised six groups of half-sisters from three stocks. The differences among the cows were statistically significant (alpha = 0.01) in the majority of the parameters studied: haematocrit, haemoglobin, pH, PO2, oxygen saturation of the blood; plasma potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, total protein, urea, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, and esterified fatty acids. The coefficients of repeatibility for the mentioned parameters ranged from 0.19 to 0.75. The heritability coefficients were calculated for the parameters in which the inter group differences were significant: total protein (0.62), magnesium (0.57), potassium (0.51), urea (0.49), glucose (0.45), phosphorus (0.43), calcium (0.39), haematocrit (0.37), haemoglobin (0.35), pO2 (0.29). The results suggest that some of the parameters under study are under certain genetic control. PMID- 34254 TI - [Biochemical aspects of acute cadmium poisoning in pigs]. PMID- 34255 TI - [Evaluation and comparison of acid-base findings obtained using the partial and Astrup's technic in cattle]. AB - The aim of the study was to compare the acid-base (AB-) findings in cattle obtained parallelly by the equilibration method after Astrup and the partial method (titration determination of total carbon dioxide in blood plasma) and at the same time to determine pH, net acid-base exudate in urine and the specific weight of urine. Altogether we made 65 parallel examinations in three groups of cows according to phases of reproduction. In 70.8% of cases correlation between the two results was very good or good, however under the condition that in many cases it was necessary to know also blood pH for the employment of the partial method. Without the knowledge of the blood pH good correlation would be obtained only in 33.8% of all cases. The partial method does not provide satisfactory results mainly in diagnosing respiratory disturbances and in determining compensatory degree of acid-base disturbances. We analysed two alternative values for the top, reference limit of vol. % CO2 in plasma: 60.0 or 55.0. The results imply that from the aspect of correct partial method interpretation it is more accurate to use the value 60.0. A high interpretation correlation between pH and net acid-base urine exudate was also confirmed and that independent urine pH values may be used in a complex acid-base examination to obtain acid-base findings. The representation of the basic types of acid-base disturbances indicates that metabolical acidoses are most frequent in highly pregnant cows (36.9%) mostly without proved compensation. The largest proportion of normal acid base findings (43.4%) was determined in cows after calving in which also the compensatory mechanisms were most often activated. In connection with these findings the possibilities of impaired health of calves are discussed. PMID- 34256 TI - [Microbiology of various liver products]. AB - The proportions of mesophilic, thermophilic and psychrophilic microorganisms were investigated in the total number of microbes and aerobic sporogenic microorganisms in delicatessen liver sausages and liver cheeses. At the same time the content of ammonia and the pH of the products were determined. The largest part of the microflora comprised mesophilic microorganisms, 10 to 25% of which belonged to the sporogenic microflora. The incidence of staphylococci, enterococci and coliform microorganisms was also studied. The total number of microbes contributed to the ammonia content in the products, however, no intercorrelation was statistically proved. In the case of pH no relationship between its value and the number or kind of investigated microorganisms was found. All the indicators were followed in the raw material, in the finished products after heat processing and in products stored at refridgerator and room temperatures for one week. PMID- 34257 TI - Practical aspects of the storage of herpes simplex virus samples. PMID- 34258 TI - Some low molecular weight proteins of bacteriophage lambda are produced by proteolytic degradation. PMID- 34259 TI - [I. Endocrinological days in Banska Bystrica, September 27-9, 1978, on the topic: thyroid gland]. PMID- 34260 TI - [Effect of lorazepam (Tavora) on the anxiety syndrome]. PMID- 34261 TI - [Solid blast injuries of the skeleto-articular system]. PMID- 34263 TI - McMaster conference on prevention of Rh immunization. 28-30 September, 1977. PMID- 34262 TI - [Late outcomes of the severe form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in children]. PMID- 34264 TI - [Overall treatment of chronic cardiopulmonary insufficiency]. PMID- 34266 TI - [Official proceedings of the Society for Physicians in Vienna. Abstracts]. PMID- 34265 TI - Behcet's syndrome with ileal involvement--the beneficial effect of sulphasalazine. PMID- 34267 TI - [Official protocol of the Society for Physicians in Vienna (abstracts)]. PMID- 34268 TI - [Official protocol of the Society for Physicians in Vienna]. PMID- 34269 TI - [Abstracts of proceedings of the Society for Physicians in Vienna]. PMID- 34270 TI - [The rural physician and his co-workers--today]. PMID- 34271 TI - [Cholestatic hepatosis caused by Talinolol (Cordanum)?]. AB - It is reported on a 38-year-old female patient who was treated for 18 days with 150 mg cordanum (talinolol) each and then fell ill with a dyspeptic clinical picture and signs of cholestase. The result of a liver biopsy was the picture of a cholestatic hepatosis. According to the results of the lymphocyte transformation test and the monocyte test as well as to the reexposition with following clinical recidivation the talinolol medication is to be regarded as cause. Pathogenetically is referred to the structural relations of talinolol to substances with paragroups as well as to a possible summation of different loads of the liver function. PMID- 34272 TI - [The effect of placental transfer of bicarbonate on fetal metabolic acidosis. Experimental results and clinical aspects for the diagnosis and treatment of fetal acidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 34273 TI - [pH measurements following delivery from breech presentation (author's transl)]. AB - In 1977 the adaptation capability of 22 out of 89 breech presentation new-borns was studied by way of punctual pH-measurements within the first 30 minutes after birth. Thus, it was possible to gain an insight into the extra-uterine adaptation, especially with respect to the mode of delivery. Further points of comparison were parity, maturity and a possible correlation with the Apgar Score. The study included a comparison with identical measurements of 20 spontaneous head position new-borns. According to the results under certain preconditions a vaginal delivery in breech presentation is also today by all means to be justified. PMID- 34274 TI - [Comparison of k therapies after determination of success and failure]. AB - To compare k therapeutic methods, N patients are suggested to be assigned to k therapies at random. The effect of each therapy is rated to be present or absent. The resulting k x 2 contingency table is evaluated according to one of the following questions: 1) Do the k therapies differ in their effects? 2) Is a given therapy more effective than the k-1 remaining therapies? 3) Is a given therapy more effective than a competitive therapy? The methods are exemplified by a numerical example from treatments of schizophrenics. PMID- 34275 TI - Deviated lysis: lysis of unsensitized cells by complement. V. Generation of the activity of low pH or low ionic strength. AB - In serum exposed to acid pH (6.4), a serum activity was generated which lyzed unsensitized erythrocytes in the presence of EDTA. It was similar to the d.l. activity found following serum activation by inulin (2). In contrast to the d.l. generation by the classical or by the alternative pathway of C activation, the generation of d.l. by acid pH did not require C4 plus C2 or C3 plus factor B resp. It was, thus, not dependent on any hitherto known pathway of C activation. A similar activity appeared when NHS was centrifuged in a sucrose gradient at low ionic strength. Physicochemical alterations of the component proteins which influence their affinity for each other are seen as the basis for the activation of the attack phase of C. PMID- 34276 TI - Thymic stromal alterations in mice undergoing a chronic graft-versus-host reaction. AB - Graft-versus-host induced immunosuppression has previously been shown to be accompanied by severe morphological changes in the thymus; furthermore chronic GvH could become acute by grafting a normal syngeneic thymus, suggesting a functional defect in the autologous thymus. In this work, we monitored the changes occuring in two biologically active thymic stromal fractions during a state of chronic GvH reaction. It was thus observed that a soluble thymic factor (STF), normally found in the reticuloepithelial cells, was lost, and that an insoluble thymic fraction (ITF) found in a double basement membrane surrounding medullary blood vessels, became markedly hypertrophied. These changes are interpreted as being possibly related to the state of immunosuppression by interfering with normal T cell differentiation and traffic through the thymus. PMID- 34277 TI - Modelling of cognitive processes and the artificial intellect. PMID- 34278 TI - [Regular patterns of central acoustic masking. 1]. PMID- 34279 TI - [Regulation of sensorimotor learning processes through biosignals. (external bioregulation)]. PMID- 34281 TI - [Determination of effectiveness in psychotherapy--possible concepts]. PMID- 34280 TI - [Methods and models of cluster analysis]. PMID- 34283 TI - [The health officer and his co-workers]. PMID- 34282 TI - [Current problems in cryptorchism]. PMID- 34284 TI - [Comparison of the effects of etilefrin and dihydroergotamine in management of the orthostatic syndrome]. PMID- 34285 TI - [72d Congress in Aachen from 12-16 April, 1977. Proceedings of the Anatomical Society. Welcoming and opening address]. PMID- 34286 TI - [Nerve growth factor-induced axon growth and its antagonism with dexamethasone: in vitro studies on adrenal medulla cells]. PMID- 34287 TI - [Microtubules, catecholamines and enzymes of catecholamine synthesis in adrenal chromaffin cells following treatment with vinblastine (demonstration)]. PMID- 34288 TI - [Modification of differentiated taste buds through the nervous system]. PMID- 34289 TI - [Uptake and transport of labeled neurotransmitters following injection in the cerebral cortex]. PMID- 34290 TI - [The self evident aspect of pathology. Chairman's opening address]. PMID- 34291 TI - [Pathophysiology of shock--metabolic aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 34292 TI - [Clinic and pathophysiology of shock (author's transl)]. PMID- 34293 TI - [Morphology of GvH reactions]. PMID- 34294 TI - [Morphology of vein endothelium following mechanical injury and osmotically induced lesions]. PMID- 34295 TI - [Changes in complement activity in vasculitis of the skin]. PMID- 34296 TI - Influence of different disinfection conditions on the structure of the hepatitis B virus (Dane particle) as evaluated in the morphological alteration and disintegration test (MADT). PMID- 34297 TI - Trimethoprim in sheep influence of pH and protein binding on mammary and renal excretion. PMID- 34298 TI - [Enterocins and their properties]. PMID- 34299 TI - [All-Union Scientific and Practical Conference on Brucellosis]. PMID- 34300 TI - [Several matters concerning the theory and practice of infectious disease prevention (from the report of the 16th All-Union Conference of Microbiologists and Epidemiologists)]. PMID- 34301 TI - [Teaching of microbiology at medical institutes (on the results of the XVI All Union Congress of Microbiologists and Epidemiologists)]. AB - Data on teaching microbiology, virology, and immunology to students of the 2nd and 3rd course of medical institute are presented. A number of recommendations of the improvement of bacteriology and virology teaching at the sanitary-hygienic faculties are given; in particular it is suggested to introduce into the teaching plan for students of the 6th course of sanitary-hygienic faculties specialization on medical microbiology and virology. For the general view on virology the author considers it necessary to begin study of the viruses by delivery of individual lectures in the general course of microbiology during the 4th semester; it is recommended to present the main virology course during the 5th semester. PMID- 34302 TI - [Autolysis of hemolytic streptococcus group A]. AB - As revealed, autolytic enzymatic system of hemolytic streptococcus, group A, expressed the maximal activity at the end of the exponential growth phase. Autolysis was accompanied by the release of N-acetylaminosugars and of free amino group. Optimal conditions for the lytic system function were chosen (composition, ionic strength, and buffer pH). The activating action of trypsin and chemotrypsin was demonstrated. PMID- 34303 TI - [Makeup of a population El Tor vibrios according to their agglutinability by type specific sera]. AB - The authors studied population composition of 14 strains of EL Tor vibrios. Of 7 strains of Ogava serological type the population composition was homogeneous in 2, and heterogeneous in 5. All the 7 strains of EL Tor vibrios of Inaba serological type had homogeneous population composition. Changes of the existence conditions of EL Tor vibrios of Ogava serological type, containing in their population 5% cells of Hikoshima serological tupe, led to separation of the cells of Inaba serological type; under the same conditions, in El Tor vibrios of Ogava and Inaba serological type with homogeneous population the latter was stable. PMID- 34304 TI - [Differential diagnosis of enterococci]. AB - The most stable differential signs of enterococci are: growth in the medium at pH 10.2, growth in broth containing 40% bile, citrate utilization, resistance to 0,05% potassium tellurite, 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction, the staining of colonies (plaques) on a medium with manganese, iron and zinc salts, glycerine fermentation under anaerobic conditions, mannite fermentation, the presence of hemolysin, of the proteolytic enzyme, and mobility. Combined differential-diagnostic nutrient medium permits to determine simultaneously 5 enterococci signs--resistance to nalidixic acid and to crystal violet, TTC reduction, hemolytic and proteolytic activity. The suggested scheme of enterococci laboratory diagnosis including a set of hard nutrient media poured into multisection Petri dish is simple reliable and accessible for any bacteriological laboratory. PMID- 34305 TI - [4th Tbilisi Symposium on the problem of "Cerebral Blood Supply"]. PMID- 34306 TI - [Correlations between chemical structure and cardiac effectivity of a group of beta-receptor blockaders]. AB - 13 compounds from the families of halogenated phenylethanolamines and phenoxypropanol-amines were tested for their antagonistic effect against an isoproterenol-induced increase in heart rate and lowering of blood pressure, and the AD50 values were determined. All the substances had beta-adrenolytical effects. 2.4-Difluoroisoproterenol and 1-(2.4-dichlorophenoxy)-3-t butylaminopropanol-(2) showed a higher affinity to the beta1-receptors of the heart than to the beta2-receptors of the vessels. Correlations existing between chemical structure and action on the adrenergic beta-receptors are described. PMID- 34307 TI - A sensitive method for the assay of guanylate cyclase activity. AB - A method for the assay of guanylate cyclase is described utilizing alpha-[32P] GTP as substrate for the enzyme reaction. 100-150 microgram of enzyme protein is incubated in a 15.6 mM Tris-HCl buffer incubation mixture, pH 7.6. The reaction is stopped by the addition of EDTA. The [32P]-cyclic GMP formed is separated by a two-step column chromatography on Dowex 50W-X4 ion-exchange resin and neutral alumina. The recovery for cyclic GMP was about 70%. The blank values ranged from 0.001-0.003% of the added alpha-[32P]-GTP which had been purified by Dowex 50W-X4 column chromatography. This method was employed for the assay of guanylate cyclase activities in different tissues. PMID- 34308 TI - Spontaneous non-aneurysmal rupture of the renal pedicle artery due to acute vasculitis in polyartheritis nodosa--with survival. AB - The first published case is presented of survival following a ruptured renal artery due to acute vasculitis in polyarteritis nodosa (PAN). Spontaneous, massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage was the presenting symptom in this case. Emergency nephrectmoy was carried out as a life-saving procedure. Postoperative studies revealed that only the kidneys and joints were involved in the disease. PMID- 34309 TI - Development of guanylate cyclase activity in mouse embryonic lung. PMID- 34310 TI - Pancreatic bicarbonate response to a meal. AB - In dogs with gastric and pancreatic fistulas, the rate of delivery of acid from the stomach to the duodenum and the rate of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion were measured in response to a meal of liver extract. The time course of changes in quantity of bicarbonate secreted per minute closely paralleled that of changes in quantity of hydrogen ions delivered to the duodenum per minute. For each mole of hydrogen ion entering the duodenum, about 5 moles of bicarbonate were secreted. PMID- 34311 TI - Hepatic secretion enzymes and electrophoretic lipoprotein fractions in liver disease. PMID- 34312 TI - Hemodynamic effects of prenalterol, a beta1-adrenoreceptor agonist, in hypotension induced by high thoracic epidural block in man. AB - The hemodynamic effects of prenalterol, a new beta1-adrenoreceptor agonist, on hypotension induced by a thoracic epidural block extending between T1 and T12 and thereby blocking the cardiac sympathetic supply have been studied in eight patients scheduled for abdominal aortic aneurysm resection. The thoracic epidural block induced a drop in blood pressure, due to a reduction in cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. Intravenous infusion of 10 mg of prenalterol rapidly and effectively reversed the hypotension by an increase in cardiac output without any effects on systemic vascular resistance or heart rate. The results indicate that prenalterol is a pure beta1 agonist with a marked inotropic but no chronotropic property. PMID- 34313 TI - Characteristics of gastric secretion in suckling calves. AB - In the investigations on five calves with fistulae in the abomasum and oesophagus the secretion of gastric juice as well as its content of proteolytic enzymes and hydrogen ions were measured. It was found that the gastric juice of calves possessed a fairly high proteolytic activity (about 6 UP/l) and hydrogen ion level already on the 3rd day of life. Sham feeding produced two different types of gastric secretion response, depending on the age of calves. In the first week of life sham feeding caused an inhibition of secretion which became more intensive only about 30 min following food administration. In the second week of life gastric juice secretion increased immediately after feeding. PMID- 34314 TI - Presence of a lipolytic factor in the gastric juice of calves. AB - In experiments performed on 5 calves the lipolytic activity of pure gastric juice obtained from the abomassum was investigated during the first 2 weeks of life. It was found that the gastric juice of suckling calves possesses the ability of releasing free fatty acids from all triglycerides present in the milk. The highest activity was observed, however, using monoglyceride--Tween 80 as a substrate. The optimum pH for the lipolytic reaction approached 3.0. PMID- 34315 TI - Serum free fatty acid level and body temperature changes in emotional stress in rabbits. Effect of hydroxydial. AB - Fourteen New Zealand rabbits were immobilized for 75 minutes During this time the ear (Te) and rectal (Tre) temperatures were measured at 5 min intervals. Immediately before immobilization, and then in the 35th, 55th, and 75th min of immobilization blood samples were taken for determinations of the serum free fatty acid (FFA) levels. A statistically significant fall of Tre and a significant rise in the serum FFA levels were observed at the end of immobilization. The ear temperature in these animals exceeded considerably the values as normal. Intravenous administration of hydroxydial 0.1 mg/kg before repeated immobilization prevented body temperature changes and blood FFA level rise in half the animals. In the remaining animals the changes became more intensive. It is supposed that the tested rabbits differed in their reactivity to stressful stimuli, and this hypothesis was confirmed by experiments in which weaker stimuli were used. Repetition of stressful stimuli increased the intensity of these autonomic responses in all animals. PMID- 34316 TI - Minoxidil in refractory hypertension. Effects on blood pressure, plasma volume and muscle blood flow. PMID- 34317 TI - Some aspects of energy coupling by mitochondria. PMID- 34318 TI - Hormonal control of hepatic lipogenesis. PMID- 34319 TI - Bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 34321 TI - Nutrition and the diabetic child. PMID- 34320 TI - Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. PMID- 34322 TI - Point estimates and confidence intervals for infection rates using pooled organisms in epidemiologic studies. PMID- 34323 TI - Bone marrow transplantation. AB - Bone marrow transplantation can be considered in any disease state resulting in the malfunction or absence of part or all bone marrow elements. Diseases such as aplastic anemia, leukemia, and immunodeficiency disease are being treated with bone marrow transplantation. As with any organ transplant, graft rejection is a possibility. In bone marrow transplantation, there is the additional, unique problem of graft versus host disease. In order to prevent or minimize graft rejection, the immunocompetence of the recipient and the degree of disparity between donor and recipient at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci are considered. The results of bone marrow transplantation are variable, and the mortality rate is still relatively high. However, progress is being made, and in many instances, normal bone marrow function can be restored in patients with whom other treatment has failed. PMID- 34324 TI - 5 alpha-Reductase activity in human placenta. AB - The concentration of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione in peripheral blood of pregnant women is higher than that found in blood obtained from nonpregnant women throughout the luteal phase of the ovulatory cycle. The in vitro synthesis of 5 alpha-reduced pregnanes from [3H]progesterone by placental tissue was investigated using tissue minces and homogenates in the presence of added nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate. The metabolites, [3H]5 alpha pregnane-3,20-dione and [3H]3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, were isolated and characterized employing a combination of chromatographic techniques, derivative formation, and crystallization with authentic [14C]5 alpha-pregnane 3,20-dione and [14C]3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one to constant 3H:14C ratios. In short-term incubations with placenta homogenates, the apparent pH optimum for the synthesis of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione was 8.8. There was no evidence for the formation of 5 beta-reduced pregnanes from [3H]progesterone by placental tissue. The in vitro metabolism of [3H]progesterone by minces of five term placentas, during 1 hour incubations at pH 7.4, was studied. The rate of formation of 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione varied from 109 to 197 pmoles/gm placental tissue/hr. PMID- 34325 TI - Determination of liver intracellular pH in vivo and its homeostasis in acute acidosis and alkalosis. AB - An in vivo method is presented for the determination of liver intracellular pH (pHi) using [14C]dimethadione (DMO) in dogs. This method differs from those previously published in that hepatic venous and portal venous blood pH were selected as the extracellular reference pH, and liver blood space corrections are applied to whole liver tissue [14C]DMO activity. Using these corrections, a normal liver pHi of 6.99 +/- 0.03 (SE) was obtained. During acute metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, as well as during acute respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, the liver pHi remained normal; metabolic acidosis was 7.04 +/- 0.04; metabolic alkalosis was 6.92 +/- 0.08; respiratory acidosis was 6.98 +/- 0.04; and respiratory alkalosis was 7.00 +/- 0.10. None of these values was significantly different from normal (P greater than 0.05). Changes in intracellular bicarbonate and lactate appeared to account in part for the observed stability of the liver pHi despite acute manipulations resulting in a range of pH values between 7.09 and 7.63 in arterial blood. PMID- 34326 TI - Renal acidosis in mineralocorticoid deficiency is not dependent on NaCl depletion or hyperkalemia. PMID- 34327 TI - Lithium in chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 34328 TI - Heat and neuroleptics: a deadly combination. PMID- 34329 TI - Treatment of tardive dyskinesia and mania with RBC lithium determinations. AB - The authors report the usefulness of RBC lithium determinations in managing the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. They present a case report in which manic manifestations and tardive dyskinesia symptoms paralleled the rise and fall of RBC lithium and plasma lithium levels were constant during the period of symptom improvement. They conclude that RBC lithium levels appeared to reflect toxicity, control of mania, and symptom suppression of tardive dyskinesia better than plasma lithium levels alone. PMID- 34330 TI - Early and lage results of coronary revascularization with saphenous vein and internal mammary artery grafts. PMID- 34331 TI - [Effect of infecundin in combination with spasmolytin on the reproductive function and progeny of white rats]. PMID- 34333 TI - Fifth Annual Student Research Day. College of Medicine University of South Alabama. Mobile, Alabama. Abstracts of papers presented. PMID- 34332 TI - Cardiopulmonary effects of midazolam. PMID- 34335 TI - Obstetric anaesthetists association. Autumn meeting 1978. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 34334 TI - Neuromuscular blocking potency of fazadinium in man. AB - The study was designed to compare the recovery rates of fazadinium and four other commonly used competitive muscle relaxants in forty patients and eight volunteers. One-fifth to 1/10 of the clinical doses of the muscle relaxants were diluted in 20 ml of saline and injected intravenously at the wrist after inflation of a pneumatic tourniquet on the upper arm. After 3 min the tourniquet was released and the recovery time of twitch tension from 25 to 75% of the control determined. Evoked force of middle finger adduction was measured at a frequency of 0.2 Hz. The mean 25-75% recovery times of twitch tension for tubocurarine, pancuronium, alcuronium, gallamine and fazadinium were 14.20 +/- 1.42, 12.30 +/- 1.02, 10.12 +/- 0.77, 10.07 +/- 1.12 and 9.90 +/- 0.87 min, respectively. The authors conclude that the dissociation rate of fazadinum from the receptor of the motor endplate appears to be the fastest among the competitive muscle relaxants studied in man. PMID- 34336 TI - Beta-adrenoceptor blockade and anaesthesia. Beta-adrenoceptor antagonism during anaesthesia for coronary artery surgery. AB - Twenty-six patients with severe coronary artery disease, receiving long term beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs were anaesthetised for aorto-coronary bypass operations. Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs were withdrawn 2 to 8 days before surgery in ten patients only. In the remaining sixteen patients there were no serious complications due to the presence of a degree of beta-blockade during anaesthesia and surgery. The undesirable cardiovascular responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation were diminished in these patients, and the rise in heart rate/systolic pressure product, and indicator of myocardial oxygen consumption, was less in this group. The need for peripheral vasodilators to treat systemic arterial pressure rises in response to surgery was also reduced. There appeared to be no contraindication to the continuation of beta-adrenoceptor blockade before operation in patients undergoing aorto-coronary bypass procedures when suitable anaesthetic agents were selected and when an appropriate blood volume was maintained. PMID- 34337 TI - Electrophoretic mobility of membrane fragments on a sucrose gradient. Application to isolated purple membrane fragments from Halobacterium halobium. PMID- 34338 TI - American Association of Anatomists. Ninety second session. University of Miami School of Medicine. April 2, 3, 4, 5, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 34339 TI - Aortic calcification in young women: a case report. PMID- 34340 TI - [Rapid preparation of ornithine carbamyl transferase without carbamyl phosphate synthetase activity (author's transl)]. AB - A rapid method of preparation of ornithine carbamyl transferase from rat liver is described. The enzyme preparation obtained is lacking in carbamyl phosphate synthetase activity. It may thus be used for the estimation of this enzyme on liver fragments obtained by needle biopsy of the liver in the diagnosis of neonatal hyperammonemia. PMID- 34341 TI - Impaired renal tubular potassium secretion in sickle cell disease. AB - We examined renal tubular function in six patients with sickle cell hemoglobin. All had normal inulin and para-aminohippurate clearances and impaired urinary concentrating and acidifying abilities. After intravenous potassium chloride administration, maximum excretion of potassium (U,V) was significantly lower in sickle cell patients than in control subjects, and the percentage of potassium load excreted in 5 h was markedly reduced. Urinary potassium excretion after sodium sulfate infusion was also markedly reduced in sickle cell patients compared to control subjects. After 40 mg of oral furosemide, U,V was also diminished in sickle cell patients. Plasma aldosterone response to ACTH and intravenous potassium was similar to that of control subjects. Plasma renin activity increased normally after volume contraction. We conclude that sickle cell patients have a defect in their ability to excrete an acute potassium load that cannot be attributed to abnormal renin or aldosterone secretion. Overall potassium homeostasis is maintained by extrarenal mechanisms during acute potassium loading. PMID- 34342 TI - Diagnosis and treatment: drugs five years later. Amoxicillin. AB - Amoxicillin is an aminopenicillin available in the United States only for oral use. It has an antibacterial activity and spectrum similar to that of ampicillin and is destroyed by gram-positive and gram-negative beta-lactamases. It is more active against enterococci and salmonellae than ampicillin, but less active against Shigella. It is better absorbed than ampicillin from the gastrointestinal tract with blood levels two to two and one half times those of ampicillin. Amoxicillin is an excellent agent to treat otitis media, bacterial sinusitis, bacterial exacerbations of bronchitis, acute lower-urinary-tract infections, gonorrhea, and typhoid. In special settings it may be useful as oral therapy of endocarditis, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis and as prophylaxis to prevent endocarditis. When the cost of amoxicillin approaches that of ampicillin, it should replace that agent as the oral aminopenicillin of first choice. PMID- 34344 TI - Psychology: the state of the art. PMID- 34343 TI - Acute toxic and withdrawal reactions associated with drug use and abuse. PMID- 34345 TI - Brain death: interrelated medical and social issues. PMID- 34346 TI - Disconnecting tests and oxygen uptake in the diagnosis of total brain death. PMID- 34347 TI - Cardiac and metabolic alterations in brain death: discussion paper. PMID- 34348 TI - [Trial of Idarac in stomatology and maxillofacial surgery (author's transl)]. AB - In the light of a study involving a group of 50 patients hospitalised or seen on an ambulatory basis in a department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial surgery, Idarac (floctafenine) was felt to be an effective analgesic, at an average dose of 4 tablets. Tolerance was excellent from a clinical standpoint, rendering the drug easy to use, both on an out-patient basis as well as postoperatively. PMID- 34350 TI - The role of the colostrum in relation to immunity and survival in the newborn ruminant and pig. A seminar held in the Institut National Agronomique de Paris Grignon, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France. April 25, 26 and 27th 1978. PMID- 34349 TI - Effect of environmental CO2, O2 and pH on the growth of respiratory epithelium in vitro. PMID- 34351 TI - [The advantage of hemodynamic investigations in the treatment of arterial hypertensions (author's transl)]. PMID- 34352 TI - [New ways of treating basic arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 34353 TI - [Clinical, hormonal and spermiologic evaluation in 25 crytorchids patients (author's transl)]. AB - To obtain as many informations as possible about the degree of their fertility, 25 patients treated with gonadotropin or surgically for unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism, were submitted to clinical examination, to evaluation of the endocrine testicular function, and to detailed sperm analysis. With respect to the serum gonadotropin levels, it is possible to distinguish three groups of patients : some with normal FSH and LH, some with increased FSH and normal LH, and some with increased FSH and LH. It appears that the tubular cells exerce a feed-back control on the FSH level, probably through a substance called "inhibin". The possibility is suggested that some feed-back control on the LH level is equally exerced from the tubular cells. PMID- 34354 TI - [Growth hormone specific binding sites : characteristics of lactogenic receptors induced by estrogens (author's transl)]. AB - In vitro binding of growth hormone was characterized in rat liver. Microsomal preparations were found more active than membranes purified with an aqueous two phase polymer system. Binding conducted at 4 degrees C was found optimal after 72 hours of incubation in 5 mM Tris-Maleate buffer pH 6.4 with 25 mM CaCl2. Injecting estrone (25 microgram/100 g B.W.) for one week induced the formation of lactogenic receptors, and increased the specific binding of hGH from 2.8 +/- 1.9 to 22.3 +/- 7.1%. Prolactin and hGH, but not rGH or other pituitary hormones, could displace radioactive hGH. With incubations conducted at 37 degrees C, equilibrium was reached more rapidly but at the cost of a more extensive degradation. The presence of membrane receptors in the medium partly protected the hormone against aggregation and degradation. Scatchard plots were obtained from experiments conducted under optimal conditions and analyzed on computer using a program based on an iterative method. Data indicated that lactogenic receptors possessed a single specific binding site for hGH with a constant (Ka) of 2.18 +/- 0.22 x 10(9) M-1 and a binding capacity of 304 +/- 91 fm/mg proteins. PMID- 34355 TI - [In memoriam Bernard Halpern (1904-1978)]. PMID- 34356 TI - Meeting of French Society of Immunology and the French Society of Microbiology. Paris, October 20-21, 1978 [proceedings]. PMID- 34357 TI - Palatal myoclonus and denervation supersensitivity in the central nervous system. AB - We postulate that palatal myoclonus after infarction of the brainstem or cerebellum, or both, is the manifestation of denervation supersensitivity secondary to lesions involving the dentatorubroolivary system. Two cases of our own and 31 from the English and French literature were analyzed in order to determine the delay between the occurrence of presumed anatomical lesions and the recognition of palatal myoclonus. The intervals varied from 2 to 49 months with the median between 10 and 11 months. The natural history of palatal myoclonus following brainstem infarction seemed consistent with the hypothesis. PMID- 34358 TI - Postvaccinal encephalomyelitis without cutaneous vaccination reaction. AB - A 5-year-old girl developed a progressive febrile neurological illness consisting of right focal seizures, right hemiparesis, and stupor evolving over a period of six weeks. During the month preceding the onset of her illness she had received two apparently unsuccessful smallpox vaccinations without a skin lesion. Elevation of cerebrospinal fluid gamma globulin and findings on brain biopsy were consistent with postinfectious encephalitis, and a simultaneous increase in serum vaccinia antibody titer suggested that the illness was postvaccinial encephalitis. Clinically, the child developed a severe extrapyramidal movement disorder during the acute phase followed by nine months of stuporous unresponsiveness, yet subsequently made a substantial recovery. PMID- 34359 TI - [Effect of triterpene glycosides on plasma membrane permeability for UV-absorbing substances in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis yeast cells]. AB - The effect of triterpene glycosides of cauloside C from Caulophyllum robustum M, stichoposide A from Stichopus japonicus S. and theasaponine from Thea sinensis Z. on permeability of plasmic membranes of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis for UV absorbing substances was studied. It was found that incorporation of 14C-uridine from the endocellular pool into the yeast acid-insoluble fraction decreased under the effect of the triterpene glycosides as a result of the precursor leakage from the cell into the medium. It was found that the triterpene glycosides stimulated the leakage of the UV-absorbing substances with an absorption maximum at 260 nm from the cells. The maximum membranotropic effect was observed at 30--40 degrees C and in the presence of monovalent potassium, sodium, ammonium and lithium ions in the medium. Cauloside C and theasaponine, pentacyclic glycosides had the highest effect on the permeability at pH 4.8--5.6, while stichoposide A, a tetracyclic glycoside, had the highest effect at pH 7.0. PMID- 34360 TI - Effect of ampicillin and chloramphenicol against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Antagonism, determined by isobolograms constructed from data from combinations of ampicillin and chloramphenicol at or below the minimal inhibitory or bactericidal concentrations, was observed against 13 clinical isolates of meningococcus and against one isolate of pneumococcus. Synergy occurred against six strains of pneumococcus and three of meningococcus. Additive effects were noted against 14 isolates of pneumococcus and 5 of meningococcus. There was no relationship between the minimal inhibitory or bactericidal concentrations for the isolates and the occurrence of antagonistic, additive, or synergistic effects. These data indicate that ampicillin and chloramphenicol may be antagonistic in vitro against some strains of pneumococcus or meningococcus. PMID- 34361 TI - Application of oxygen-enriched aeration in the production of bacitracin by Bacillus licheniformis. AB - The physiological effects of controlling the dissolved oxygen tension at 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 atm by the use of oxygen-enriched aeration were investigated during growth and bacitracin production by Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 10716. Up to a 2.35-fold increase in the final antibiotic yield and a 4-fold increase in the rate of bacitracin synthesis were observed in response to O(2)-enriched aeration. The increase in antibiotic production was accompanied by increased respiratory activity and an increase in the specific productivity of the culture from 1.3 to 3.6 g of antibiotic per g of cell mass produced. Oxygen enrichment of the aeration decreased medium carbohydrate uptake and the maximum specific growth rate of B. licheniformis from 0.6 h(-1) to as low as 0.15 h(-1), depending upon the level of enrichment and the conditions of oxygen transfer rate (impeller speed). The response of this culture to O(2) enrichment suggests that this method of controlling the dissolved oxygen tension for antibiotic-producing cultures may simulate conditions that would occur if the carbon source were fed slowly, as is often employed to optimize antibiotic production. Analysis of the biologically active bacitracins produced by B. licheniformis ATCC 10716 suggested that the ratio of biologically active peptides was not changed by O(2) enrichment, nor were any new biologically active compounds formed. PMID- 34362 TI - Surgeons discuss medical, surgical progress at ACS. PMID- 34363 TI - Milk pH, acid base status, and growth in babies. AB - Metabolic acidosis is common in babies fed cows' milk-based formulae. Therefore the effects of adding alkaline salts (sodium and potassium citrate) to a demineralised whey formula were studied in vitro and in 26 low birthweight babies fed on the formula or formula plus citrate. The alkali altered the pH and titratable acidity to a value nearer human milk but it increased the buffering capacity to a value further away. This may effect the bacterial flora of the intestine. The babies fed on formula plus citrate did not make greater gains in weight, length, head circumference, skinfold thickness, or midarm muscle circumference, although they had a greater blood base excess. Some of these babies developed a mild metabolic alkalosis and 3 had hyponatraemia despite their increased sodium intakes. These babies also had lower levels of plasma transferrin but showed no differences in urea, albumin, cholesterol, and calcium levels. No baby fed on the demineralised whey formula without added citrate had a base deficit exceeding 5 mmol/l; late metabolic acidosis is less common in babies fed on this formula and the routine addition of alkali can have untoward metabolic effects. PMID- 34364 TI - Effects of water soluble splenic extracts on intestinal smooth muscle. PMID- 34365 TI - [Experimental comparative study of acute toxicity and gastric tolerance of eterylate, benorylate and acetylsalicylic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 34366 TI - [Proceedings of scientific societies. French Society of Clinical Cytology, December 16, 1977 (proceedings)]. PMID- 34367 TI - [Proceedings of scientific societies. French Society of Clinical Cytology, February 24, 1978 (proceedings)]. PMID- 34368 TI - Differential neurohumoral modulation of myoclonic and clonic seizures. AB - Differential effects of neuropharmacological drugs upon susceptibility to flurothyl-induced myoclonic and clonic convulsions were assessed in two selectively bred lines of mice. Dopaminergic drugs (apomorphine and haloperidol) only affected myoclonus, whereas cholinergic (pilocarpine and scopolamine), gabaergic (AOAA and bicuculline), and serotonergic (PCPA) compounds principally influenced clonus. Noradrenergic drugs (clonidine, phentolamine and sotalol), however, altered the expression of both types of seizures. The apparent differential neurohumoral modulation of myoclonus and clonus is discussed in light of previous suggestions that these behaviors have separate neural substrates. PMID- 34369 TI - Effects of terbutaline, a synthetic beta adrenoceptor agonist, on in vivo erythropoietin production. AB - Terbutaline sulfate, a new synthetic beta2-adrenoceptor agonist, was found to produce a dose-related increase in 59Fe-incorporation into newly formed red blood cells of exhypoxic polycythemic mice. This effect was blocked by prior treatment of the polycythemic mice with the potent beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, DL propranolol. Terbutaline was also infused (i.v.) (500 microgram/kg/min) into restrained unanesthetized rabbits for a period of 5 hr with constant monitoring of arterial blood pressure and periodic blood Po2, Pco2, and pH analyses. Terbutaline was found to significantly elevate plasma erythropoietin titers in rabbits while producing a slight but nonsignificant decrease in mean blood pressure. Terbutaline did not produce a significant effect upon blood gases or blood pH. These data suggest a possible involvement of beta2-adrenoceptor activation of erythropoietin production. PMID- 34370 TI - Long-term suppression of pain by narcotic drugs in the absence of tolerance development. PMID- 34371 TI - Does bromocriptine possess alpha-lytic properties? PMID- 34372 TI - [French Society of Pediatrics, October 1977 (proceedings)]. PMID- 34373 TI - [French Society of Pediatrics, April 1978 (proceedings)]. PMID- 34374 TI - [Congress report: XV. Meeting of the Cancer Tissue and Organ Culture (CTOC) Study Group "Mechanisms of action of anticancer drugs and drug sensitivity testing in vitro" (April 15-17, 1977, Budapest)]. PMID- 34375 TI - [Congress report: "Carcinogenic risks--strategies for intervention" Lyons, November 30 - December 2, 1977]. PMID- 34376 TI - [H2-antihistaminics, III: Synthesis and H2-antihistaminic activity of sulfoxides and sulfones analogous to metiamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 34377 TI - 2nd annual meeting of the Association of Veterans Administration Surgeons, St. Louis, May 1, 1978. Papers presented. PMID- 34378 TI - Adenovirus aggregation and preservation in extracellular environment. AB - The conditions of adenovirus aggregations are analyzed. Adenovirus type 2 was propagated on Hep2 cells; virion aggregation analysis was performed by sedimentation velocity on sucrose gradients. The results show that aggregation depends on: 1) Ionic strength: aggregate formation was verified between 0.005 M and 0.05 M NaCl; 2) pH: at pH 7.1 virus particles are dispersed, 90 per cent of particles are aggregated at pH 4--5; at pH lower than 4 aggregation is not reversible; 3) Particle concentration: the dilution of a stock containing 5 X 10(11) particles/ml decrease rate of aggregate formation until all aggregation is inhibited; 4) Temperature: the degree of aggregation in the 25 to 37 degrees C range is constant but decreases when the temperature falls below 20 degrees, at +4 C there is no aggregation. The aggregation reaction presents a positive deltaH of 17.9 Kcal/mol and a deltaG of --1.32 Kcal/mol. PMID- 34379 TI - [Histoenzymological characteristics of changes in the thymus gland in xenogenous form of graft vs host reaction]. AB - The structural and functional lesions in the thymus of newborn animals in which xenogeneic graft versus host reaction was produced. Against the background of thymus hypoplasia, a decrease in mitogenesis and a reduction in the number of metabolically active lymphocyte forms were found. At the same time, activation of reticuloepithelial cells, macrophages, and giant cells was observed. It is assumed that such changes in the thymus may reflect an adaptative reaction of the host directed at making up the deficiency of peripheral T-lymphocytes developing in GVHR. PMID- 34380 TI - [Changes in the pulmonary artery in collagen diseases]. AB - Morphological changes in the pulmonary artery and its major branches were studied histologically and histochemically on autopsy cases of polyarteritis nodosa (23), systemic lupus erythematosus (10), systemic scleroderma (12), and rheumatoid arthritis (5). The ages of the fatalities ranged from 9 months to 77 years. An identical type of lesions was revealed: disorders of the connective tissue, destruction of elastic fibers, alterations of vasa vasorum, with cellular reactions typical of each nosological form reflecting the peculiarities of the immunological processes. The initial stage in the genesis of lesions in the vascular walls of the major pulmonary arteries is the involvement of vasa vasorum as a regular disorder of the microcirculatory ways in all collagen diseases. PMID- 34381 TI - W. A. health care forum attracts widespread interest. PMID- 34382 TI - Bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 34383 TI - Synchronous and desynchronous changes during fear reduction. PMID- 34384 TI - Stimulation threshold studies and the effect of antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 34385 TI - Acetoacetate metabolism in rat brain. Development of acetoacetyl-coenzyme A deacylase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase. AB - 1. Data are provided that indicate that the rat brain acetoacetyl-CoA deacylase is almost exclusively mitochondrial. Developmental studies show that this enzyme more than doubles its activity during suckling (0--21 days) and then maintains this activity in adults (approx. 1.1 units/g wet wt.). 2. Kinetic studies (on the acetoacetyl-CoA deacylase) in a purified brain mitochondrial preparation give a Vmax. of 47 nmol/min per mg of protein, and a Km for acetoacetyl-CoA of 5.2 micron and are compatible with substrate inhibition by acetoacetyl-CoA above concentrations of 47 micron. 3. The total brain 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA synthase remains constant in the developing and adult rat brain (approx. 1.2 units/g wet wt.). This enzyme is located in both the mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. During suckling (0--21 days) the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA synthase represents approx. one-third of the total, but this increases markedly to about 60% of the total in the adult. The cytosolic enzyme correspondingly falls to approx. 40% of the total. 4. The role of the acetoacetyl CoA deacylase in providing cytosolic acetoacetate for biosynthetic activities in the developing brain is discussed. PMID- 34386 TI - Purification and properties of four species of lysyl oxidase from bovine aorta. AB - Lysyl oxidase of bovine aorta was resolved into four enzymically active species by elution from DEAE-cellulose with a salt gradient in 6m-urea, consistent with purification results obtained with enzyme of other tissues [Stassen (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta438, 49-60]. In the present study, each of the four peaks of activity was purified to apparent homogeneity by subsequent chromatography on gel-filtration media in 6m-urea. Each enzyme is eluted as a species with mol.wt. approx. 30000 under these conditions, although lysyl oxidase polymerizes to a series of multimers with molecular weights ranging up to 1000000 in the absence of urea. The apparent subunit molecular weight of each enzyme species determined by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate and 8m-urea is approx. 32000-33000. The amino acid compositions of the purified forms of lysyl oxidase are similar to each other, although sufficient differences exist to conclude that each is a unique molecular species. Incorporation of alpha-toluenesulphonyl fluoride into the purification scheme does not alter the resolution of enzyme into four species, suggesting that proteolysis during isolation is not the basis of the heterogeneity. The similar sensitivities of each form of enzyme to chelating agents and to semicarbazide and isoniazid indicate that each requires the participation of a metal ion, presumably Cu(2+), and of a carbonyl compound for enzyme function. The present study describes a method for the purification of multiple species of lysyl oxidase and reveals that significant chemical differences exist between the different enzyme forms. PMID- 34387 TI - Interaction of dinitrophenyl groups bound to bovine serum albumin with univalent fragments of anti-dinitrophenyl antibody. AB - Two lysine residues of bovine serum albumin reacted with 1-fluoro-2,4 dinitrobenzene with apparent second-order rate constants approx. 500-times greater than those observed in similar reactions with low-molecular-weight lysine derivatives. A series of dinitrophenyl (Dnp)-bovine serum albumins were prepared and their ability to bind univalent fragments of anti-Dnp antibody was measured by fluorescence-quenching titrations. Compared with the Dnp group of the free hapten, 6-N-Dnp-aminohexanoate, the majority of the protein-bound Dnp groups were unavailable to the antibody at pH8.0. When the same Dnp-albumins were titrated at pH3.0 the availability of the Dnp groups increased approx. 3-fold. Dnp-albumins were treated with pepsin at pH3.0 and Dnp-containing fragments isolated by chromatography on DE-52 DEAE-cellulose. Fluorescence-quenching titrations showed that the Dnp groups on the fragments behaved like the free hapten with respect to quenching efficiency, although with an increased dissociation constant. The association between the Dnp-albumins and the antibody was measured also by difference-spectral titrations at high protein concentrations. Antibody binding was increased under these conditions, but the Dnp group of mono-Dnp-albumin remained unavailable to antibody. We propose that the reactive lysine residues are located in clefts between the globular sub-domains of the single polypeptide chain. Dnp groups attached to these lysine residues are fully exposed to the solvent, but binding of the macromolecular probe, anti-Dnp antibody, is sterically hindered by the adjacent surface of the albumin molecule. PMID- 34388 TI - The role of link-protein in the structure of cartilage proteoglycan aggregates. AB - Proteoglycan fractions were prepared from pig laryngeal cartilage. The effect of link-protein on the properties of proteoglycan-hyaluronate aggregates was examined by viscometry and analytical ultracentrifugation. Aggregates containing link-protein were more stable than link-free aggregates at neutral pH, at temperatures up to 50 degrees C and in urea (up to 4.0M). Oligosaccharides of hyaluronate were able to displace proteoglycans from link-free aggregates, but not from the link-stabilized aggregates. Both types of aggregate were observed in the ultracentrifuge, but at the concentration investigated (less than 2 mg/ml) the link-free form was partially dissociated and the proportion aggregated varied with the pH and temperature and required more hyaluronate for saturation than did link-stabilized aggregate. The results showed that link-protein greatly strengthened the binding of proteoglycans to hyaluronate and suggest that under physiological conditions it 'locks' proteoglycans on to the hyaluronate chain. PMID- 34389 TI - Derivation of molecular pK values from pH-dependences. AB - If the titration pK values of a dibasic acid are called pK +/- logp, then its molecular pK values are pK +/- log(p+1/p). If the pH values at which the concentration of its monoprotonated form is half-maximal are called pK +/- logq, then its molecular pK values are pK +/- log(q-4+1/q). PMID- 34390 TI - Properties of the cupric sites in bovine superoxide dismutase studied by nuclear magnetic-relaxation measurements. AB - Proton nuclear-relaxation rates have been measured as a function of frequency, temperature, pH and cyanide concentration in aqueous solutions of superoxide dismutase from bovine erythrocytes. The results show that, whereas for pH less than or equal to 9 only one water molecule is bound to each Cu2+ ion, at higher pH a second co-ordination site for OH- becomes available; it is proposed that this involves cleavage of the bond between Cu2+ and the histidine residue that bridges to Zn2+. PMID- 34391 TI - The multiple forms and kinetic properties of the N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidases from colonic tumours and mucosa of rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. AB - The separation and purification of the N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase activities from tumours induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in the rat colon and from colonic mucosa of tumour-bearing animals are reported. Mucosa contained N acetylhexosaminidases A and B, as well as a third form whose properties with regard to electrophoretic mobility and thermostability lay between those of A and B. Tumours contained only N-acetylhexosaminidase A and B activities. Each form possessed both N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) and N acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.53) activities, which could not be separated by a variety of techniques. The alteration of the ratio of the two specific activities in each form during purification, together with differences in the kinetic inhibition constants and behaviour during inactivation by various reagents or a temperature of 50 degrees C, supported the belief that each form contains the two enzyme activities, glucosaminidase and galactosaminidase, at separate active sites. This model is in contrast with that reported for these activities from a number of other sources. A variety of treatments reported to cause the conversion of form A into a form resembling B failed to produce such an effect on the rat colonic hexosaminidases. PMID- 34392 TI - Acetyl-coenzyme A deacylase activity in liver is not an artifact. Subcellular distribution and substrate specificity of acetyl-coenzyme A deacylase activities in rat liver. AB - Whole liver and isolated liver mitochondria are able to release free acetate, especially under conditions of increased fatty acid oxidation. In the present paper it is shown that rat liver contains acetyl-CoA deacylase (EC 3.1.2.1) activity (0.72mumol/min per g wet wt. of liver at 30 degrees C and 0.5mm-acetyl CoA). At 0.5mm-acetyl-CoA 73% of total enzyme activity was found in the mitochondria, 8% in the lysosomal fraction and 19% in the postmicrosomal supernatant. Mitochondrial subfractionation shows that mitochondrial acetyl-CoA deacylase activity is restricted to the matrix space. Mitochondrial acetyl-CoA deacylase showed almost no activity with either butyryl- or hexanoyl-CoA. Acetyl CoA hydrolase activity from purified rat liver lysosomes exhibited a very low affinity for acetyl-CoA (apparent K(m)>15mm compared with an apparent K(m) value of 0.5mm for the mitochondrial enzyme) and reacted at about the same rate with acetyl-, n-butyryl- and hexanoyl-CoA. We could not confirm the findings of Costa & Snoswell [(1975) Biochem. J.152, 167-172] according to which mitochondrial acetyl-CoA deacylase was considered to be an artifact resulting from the combined actions of acetyl-CoA-l-carnitine acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.7) and acetylcarnitine hydrolase. The results are in line with the concept that free acetate released by the liver under physiological conditions stems from the intramitochondrial deacylation of acetyl-CoA. PMID- 34393 TI - pH dependence of magnesium ion binding to prothrombin fragment 1 and gamma carboxyglutamic acid-containing peptides via 25Mg NMR. PMID- 34394 TI - Spin-state exchange in fusarium lipoxygenase on binding of linoleic acid. PMID- 34395 TI - The activity of guanylate cyclase and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase during synchronous growth of the acellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 34396 TI - Enzymatic methemoglobin reduction - effect of organic phosphate. PMID- 34397 TI - Purification and structure of a new nucleotide from Proteus mirabilis that amplifies induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by glucocorticoid. PMID- 34398 TI - Oxidized NADP as a potential active-site-directed reagent of pigeon liver malic enzyme. PMID- 34399 TI - Effects of morphine on the rat striatal dopamine metabolism. PMID- 34400 TI - New inhibitors of histamine-N-methyltransferase. PMID- 34401 TI - Effects of chlorpromazine and other phenothiazine derivatives on the permeability of liposomes. PMID- 34402 TI - Kinetics, activation, and induction of aortic mono-oxygenases--biotransformation of benzo[a]pyrene. PMID- 34403 TI - Distinction between dopaminergic and serotonergic components of neuroleptic binding sites in limbic brain areas. PMID- 34404 TI - A new assay for glutathione S-transferase using [3H]-benzo(a)pyrene 4,5-oxide as substrate. Inducibility by various chemicals in different rat tissues compared to that of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and epoxide hydratase. PMID- 34405 TI - Effects of some antimalarials and related substances on intralysosomal proteolysis. PMID- 34406 TI - Tyrosine hydroxylase:--examination of conditions influencing activity in pheochromocytoma, adrenal medulla and striatum. PMID- 34407 TI - Substance P degradation by rat brain peptidases: inhibition by SQ 20881. PMID- 34408 TI - Analysis of late infections in 89 long-term survivors of bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 34410 TI - Proceedings of the British Cardiac Society. 20-21 November 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 34409 TI - Blockade of cardiac and renal beta-receptors by low dose propranolol in normal subjects. Clues to its antihypertensive effect. PMID- 34411 TI - European Academy of Anaesthesiology. PMID- 34412 TI - Effect of age on amnesia and sedation induced by flunitrazepam during local anaesthesia for bronchoscopy. AB - Bronchoscopy was undertaken in 79 outpatients using local anaesthesia plus an i.v. injection of flunitrazepam 0.01 mg kg-1. The co-operation of the patients and the ease of bronchoscopy were good regardless of the age of the patient. There was an increase in amnesia for the bronchoscopy with increasing age, but the most distinct difference between different age groups was that the amnesic action of flunitrazepam was evident earlier and persisted longer in patients of more than 60 yr. Eye co-ordination and ability to stand steadily and walk on a line returned to normal more slowly in patients more than 60 than in those less than 60 yr, but no differences in recovery were noted between patients less than 40 and those of 40--59 yr, or between those 60--69 and those more than 70 yr. PMID- 34413 TI - Effects of glycopyrrolate and cimetidine on gastric volume and acidity in patients awaiting surgery. AB - Glycopyrrolate or cimetidine was administered before operation to patients undergoing elective surgery. After the induction of anaesthesia, the stomach contents were retrieved and the volume and pH measured. Neither drug diminished the volume of gastric contents compared with control. Glycopyrrolate produced little diminution in hydrogen ion concentration. Cimetidine caused a marked increase in pH with a mean [h+] 3.2 x 10(-3) g litre-1 compared with 1.4 x 10(-2) g litre-1 in the controls and 1.1 x 10(-2) g litre-1 in the glycopyrrolate group. Seventy-seven per cent of the patients receiving cimetidine had a pH greater than 2.5. PMID- 34414 TI - Mixing local anaesthetics. PMID- 34415 TI - Effects of H1- and H2-receptor blocking agents on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in non-asthmatic subjects. AB - 1 Two studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of H1- and H2 receptor blocking agents on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in non asthmatic subjects. 2 The H2-receptor blocker cimetidine administered orally had no effect on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction on any of the subjects tested. In three of four subjects, the H1-receptor blocker, chlorpheniramine given orally, inhibited the effect of the histamine in the lung. 3 The effects of intravenous chlorpheniramine and cimetidine, both alone and in combination, upon histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, were also studied. Chlorpheniramine inhibited the effect of the histamine and this was significantly dose related. This was not so with cimetidine and there was no evidence that the dose response curve to chlorpheniramine was affected by the additional administration of cimetidine. 4 The results show that histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in non asthmatic subjects is not mediated by H2-receptors, but it is likely that H1 receptors are involved. PMID- 34416 TI - Study of urinary excretion of butobarbitone in man in relation to the percentage of ideal body weight. AB - 1 Thirty-three patients with no evidence of endocrine disease, hepatic or renal insufficiency or sleep disorders, were classified in groups 1 to 4 in order of increasing of percentage of ideal body weight (IBW) respectively: less than 90% of IBW, 90--120%, 120--180%, and greater than 180% of IBW. After oral administration of 200 mg butobarbitone, concentration of the intact drug was measured by gas liquid chromatographic assay in urine samples collected during 72 h and at three times in blood. 2 A highly significant negative relationship was found between the cumulative excretion of butobarbitone with urine and the logarithm of the percentage of IBW. In contrast for a given weight, excretion of the drug with urine was found to be weakly correlated with the diuresis. 3 The cumulative urinary elimination of butobarbitone was significantly different between the groups studied, except of the difference between the group 2 and 3 of the patients. No significant difference was found between the renal clearances of butobarbitone in the four groups of subjects. 4 We conclude that redistribution of butobarbitone into adipose tissues can explain the obtained results and that obesity modifies the pharmacokinetics of the drug. PMID- 34417 TI - Effect of urinary pH and flow rate on catecholamine excretion. PMID- 34418 TI - The separate effects of H+ and 2,3-DPG on the oxygen equilibrium curve of human blood. AB - Addition of non-saturating amounts of 2,3-DPG (2,3-diphosphoglycerate) within the red cell (2,3-DPG/haemoglobin less than 1) initially reduces Hill's parameter, n. With increasing 2,3-DPG/haemoglobin, n increases until a maximum is reached at 2,3-DPG/haemoglobin greater than 1. Thus, 2-3-DPG influences the shape as well as the position of the whole blood oxygen equilibrium curve (OEC). The importance of this effect on the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is considered. The effect of 2,3-DPG on the position of the OEC (p50, the pO2 at one-half maximal O2 saturation) is via its allosteric effect on haemoglobin at 2,3-DPG/haemoglobin less than 1. Above the ratio, its effect is to reduce intracellular relative to the extracellular pH. PMID- 34419 TI - A report of the meeting of the Blair Bell Research Society at the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists on 9th October, 1978. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 34420 TI - The influence of diet and diabetes on stearoyl Conenzyme A desaturase (EC 1.14.99.5) activity and fatty acid composition in rat tissues. AB - 1. Rats were given low-fat diets for 3 d in which the carbohydrate source was starch. The livers of animals given the fructose or sucrose had increased hepatic activities of the fatty acid synthetase and stearoyl CoA desaturase (EC 1.14.99.5) enzyme complexes: in those given fructose there was a lower activity of the enzymes in adipose tissue. 2. Similar results were obtained in rats given fructose diets for 30 d, but in animals which had previously been made diabetic with streptozotocin, the activities were lower. The dietary treatment made little difference to the fatty acid profiles of the tissue lipids. The diabetic condition on the other hand produced considerable changes in fatty acid profile. 3. With diets containing approximately 200 g fat/kg in the form of butter or of polyunsaturated margarine, the tissue lipids from rats given sucrose had less linoleic acid than those from rats given starch. In addition, there was the expected difference between the rats given butter or margarine. The results are discussed in relation to the current literature. PMID- 34421 TI - The behaviour of thiomolybdates in in vitro systems. AB - The stability of potassium tetrathiomolybdate was studied in vitro using solutions with molybdenum, hydrogen ion and phosphate concentrations similar to those normally found in the rumen. Under these conditions K2[MoS4] hydrolysed rapidly and as a result the solution contained [moS4]2-, [MoOS3]2-, [MoO2S2]2-, [HS]- and H2S in equilibrium. In view of this hydrolysis, in vivo studies of thiomolybdate on copper metabolism of sheep should not exclude the possibility that either sulphide or molybdate is responsible for any observed effect. PMID- 34422 TI - Fluorescence studies of native and modified neurophysins. Effects of peptides and pH. AB - The effect of neurophysin-hormone interaction on the environment of the single tyrosine of bovine neurophysin (Tyr-49) and on that of the tyrosine of oxytocin and vasopressin was studied by fluorescence; tyrosine-free peptides were used to determine effects on Tyr-49, and acetylated neurophysin was used to determine effects on the hormone tyrosine. Binding increases the fluorescence intensity of Tyr-49 by 130% while the fluorescence of the hormone tyrosine is almost completely quenched. Correlation of these results with those obtained on binding oxytocin or vasopressin to native neurophysin indicates that in the hormone complexes less than half of the fluorescence of Tyr-49 is lost by Forster energy transfer to the quenched hormone tyrosine. These results support spin-label studies in indicating that the distance between Tyr-49 and the tyrosine of hormone bound to the strong hormone binding site is greater than 5 A. In the absence of peptides, the fluorescence of Tyr-49 increases by 40% on lowering the pH from 6.2 to 2. Titration of the acid fluorescence transition in bovine neurophysins-I and -II, and in bovine neurophysin-II treated with carboxypeptidase B to remove the Arg-Arg-Val sequence at the carboxyl terminus, indicates that this transition is due to titration of a side-chain carboxyl with an intrinsic pK of 4.6. The effects of guanidine, glycerol, and disulfide cleavage on the magnitude of the acid transition indicate that the conformational information necessary for the transition resides within the amino acid sequence adjacent to Tyr-49. Accordingly, the fluorescence acid transition is attributed to decreased quenching by Glu-46 or Glu-47 upon protonation. Glycerol is shown to perturb the glutamate-tyrosine interaction in the absence of general conformational effects. Comparison of the fluorescence low-pH transition with that of the low-pH circular dichroism transition of nitrated neurophysins suggests that the fluorescence and CD transitions reflect related, but not necessarily identical, phenomena. In an appendix, evidence is presented which suggests that the products of carboxy-peptidase digestion of bovine neurophysin II are the same as two minor bovine neurophysin components, one of which is neurophysin-C. PMID- 34423 TI - Cross-bridge movement in glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers. PMID- 34424 TI - Expression of functionality of alpha-chymotrypsin. The structure of a fluorescent probe--alpha-chymotrypsin complex and the nature of its pH dependence. PMID- 34425 TI - CO and O2 complexes of soybean leghemoglobins: pH effects upon infrared and visible spectra. Comparisons with CO and O2 complexes of myoglobin and hemoglobin. AB - The effects of pH upon infrared spectra [CO stretching frequency (vco) region] and visible spectra of the CO complexes of soybean leghemoglobins a, c1, and c2, sperm whale myoglobin, and human hemoglobin A are reported. The vco for leghemoglobin--CO complexes was 1947.5 cm-1 at neutral pH. At acid pH myoglobin-- and hemoglobin--CO complexes developed vco bands at 1966--1968 cm-1, whereas leghemoglobin--CO complexes developed vco bands at approximately 1957 cm-1. All pKapp co values determined by pH-dependent variation of vco fell in the range 4.0 -4.6. The pKapp co values determined from visible spectra were consistent with vco-determined values except for that of myoglobin--CO (visible pKapp co = 5.8). The pKapp co values in the 4.0--4.6 range appear to be pK values of the distal histidines, while the visible pKapp co of myoglobin--CO appears to be the pK of a group other than the distal and proximal histidines. The data are consistent with a model in which protonation of the distal histidine permits protein-free heme FeCO geometry in leghemoglobin--CO complexes but not in myoglobin-- or hemoglobin -CO complexes. Thus the heme pockets of leghemoglobins appear to be more flexible than the heme pockets of myoglobin and hemoglobin. The effects of pH upon visible spectra of the O2 complexes of soybean leghemoglobins a, c1, and c2, sperm whale myoglobin, and human hemoglobin A also are reported. pKapp o2 values of approximately 5.5 (leghemoglobins) and 4.4 (hemoglobin) are probably the pK values of the distal histidines. Comparisons of pKapp o2 values with pKapp co values indicate a more flexible heme pocket in leghemoglobins than in hemoglobin. The O2 complex of leghemoglobin c2 differed significantly from the O2 complexes of leghemoglobins a and c1 in visible spectra and titration behavior. These differences might be associated with the small structural differences in the region between the E and F helixes of leghemoglobins. PMID- 34426 TI - Electrostatic interactions at charged lipid membranes. Electrostatically induced tilt. AB - The changes in bilayer structure induced by surface charges in the case of an ionizable lipid were studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and film balance measurements. With increasing surface charge in the ordered phase, the X ray results show a decrease in bilayer thickness, whereas the hydrocarbon chain packing stays essentially constant, the Raman data signify that the internal chain ordering does not change, and the monolayer studies show a lateral expansion of the bilayer. These results are interpreted in terms of a tilt of the chains caused by the surface charges on the polar heads. The tilt angle between the direction of the chains and the bilayer normal is obtained by a detailed theoretical evaluation. The tilt allows for a better understanding of the electrostatically induced shift of the phase transition temperature and of the shift induced by the binding of water in the case of lecithin in contrast ethanolamine. PMID- 34427 TI - Use of phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance to distinguish bridge and nonbridge oxygens of oxygen-17-enriched nucleoside triphosphates. Stereochemistry of acetate activation by acetyl coenzyme A synthetase. AB - Adenosine 5'-(thiophosphate) AMPS) contains a prochiral phosphorus center. Differentiation of the two diastereotopic oxygens would allow elucidation of the stereochemical course of biological adenylyl transfer reactions. A general method was developed to distinguish between the "pro-R" and "pro-S" oxygens. When we converted the AMPS to the isomer A of adenosine 5'-(1-thiotriphosphate) (ATPalphaS), which is known to have S configuration at Palpha, the pro-R oxygen is incorporated into the bridge position, whereas the pro-S oxygen is located at the nonbridge position. The 31P NMR spectra of the 17O-enriched compounds were used to distinguish between the bridge and nonbridge oxygens based on the decrease in the peak intensity of 31P NMR signals caused by the directly bound 17O isotope. The method was used to elucidate the stereochemical course of acetate activation catalyzed by yeast acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase. The results indicate that yeast acetyl-CoA synthetase is specific for the isomer B of ATPalphaS and that the nucleophilic displacement proceeds with net inversion of configuration at Palpha of ATPalphaS (B), supporting the "in-line" mechanism. PMID- 34428 TI - Cooperative binding of coenzyme in D-amino acid oxidase. PMID- 34429 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance study of D-serine dehydratase: pryridoxal phosphate binding site. AB - The pyridoxal phosphate dependent enzyme D-serine dehydratase has been investigated using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) at 72.86 MHz. In the native enzyme, the pyridoxal phosphate 31P chemical shift is pH dependent with pKa = 6.4, indicating exposure of the phosphate group to solvent. Binding of the competitive inhibitor isoserine results in the formation of the isoserine pyridoxal phosphate complex. This transaldimination complex is fixed to the enzyme via the phosphate group of the cofactor as the dianion, independent of pH. At pH 6.6 the dissociation constant KD for isoserine determined by NMR is 0.43 mM. Reconstitution of the apoenzyme with pyridoxal phosphate monomethyl ester produces an inactive enzyme. NMR and fluorescence measurements show that this enzyme does not form the transaldimination complex, indicating that the fixation of the dianionic phosphate (probably via a salt bridge with an arginine residue) observed in the native enzyme is required for the transaldimination step of the catalytic mechanism. PMID- 34430 TI - Preparation and characterization of cobalt(III)- and chromium(III)-glutamine synthetase derivatives. PMID- 34431 TI - Near-heme histidine residues of deoxy- and oxymyoglobins. AB - Proton NMR titration curves of the histidine Cepsilon-H resonances of the deoxy and oxy forms of human, horse, and sperm whale myoglobins (Mb) were determined and compared with the results for the met and azide forms. One extra titrating resonance (H-8) was observed for each deoxy-Mb compared with the corresponding met-Mb, and a further extra resonance (H-9) was observed for the oxy-Mb form. These resonances correspond to the two additional resonances previously described for azide-Mb [Hayes, M., Hagenmaier, H., & Cohen, J. S. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 7461--7472]. This new evidence prompts us to reassign these resonances to the near-heme histidine residues. PMID- 34432 TI - Interpretation of nuclear magnetic resonance spectra for Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase based on the X-ray structure of the enzyme-methotrexate NADPH complex. AB - The three-dimensional molecular structure of Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase complexed with NADPH and methotrexate has been used to interpret published magnetic resonance spectra for this enzyme. Proton resonances from histidine residues and 19F resonances from fluorine-labeled fluorotyrosine and fluorotryptophan dihydrofolate reductase have been assigned in several cases to specific amino acids in the primary sequence. Furthermore, the 31P signals from the pyrophosphate moiety of bound NADPH have been assigned and the large upfield shift for 13C-labeled (at the carboxamide carbon) NADP+ upon binding to the reductase has been explained in terms of desolvation effects. PMID- 34433 TI - Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of Rhodospirillum rubrum cytochrome. AB - Rhodospirillum rubrum cytochrome c2 was studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance at 220 MHz. Assignments were made to the resonances of heme c by double resonance techniques and by temperature-dependence studies. The aromatic resonances of Trp-62 and Tyr-70 of ferrocytochrome c2 were identified by spin decoupling experiments. The resonances of the Met-91 methyl group of the ferri- and ferrocytochromes were assigned by saturation-transfer experiments. The assignments are compared to those made for cytochromes c. A pH titration showed that the methionine methyl resonance of ferricytochrome c2 shifted with a pK of 6.25 and disappeared above pH 9. No histidine CH resonances that titrated normally over the neutral pH range were observed in the spectrum of either oxidation state of the protein. The possible origins of the ionizations at pH 6.25 and 9 are discussed. PMID- 34434 TI - Transient spectra of intermediates in the photolytic sequence of octopus rhodopsin. AB - The intermediate photolytic sequence of octopus rhodopsin was studied at different temperatures and different pH values by means of a flash photolysis rapid scan spectrophotometry near physiological temperature. The first photoproduct in the photolysis of rhodopsin was lumirhodopsin. Transformation of lumirhodopsin leads to mesorhodopsin took place independently of the pH of the solution. Mesorhodopsin was transformed to acid metarhodopsin in acid solution. In alkaline solution, mesorhodopsin was transformed to transient acid metarhodopsin whose absorption spectrum was similar to acid metarhodopsin. Transient acid metarhodopsin was then transformed to alkaline metarhodopsin reaching a tautomeric equilibrium which was determined by the pH of the solution. PMID- 34435 TI - Kinetics of Ca2+ and Sr2+ uptake by yeast. Effects of pH, cations and phosphate. AB - The uptake of Ca2+ and Sr2+ by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is energy dependent, and shows a deviation from simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics. A model is discussed that takes into account the effect of the surface potential and the membrane potential on uptake kinetics. The rate of Ca2+ and Sr2+ uptake is influenced by the cell pH and by the medium pH. The inhibition of uptake at low concentration of Ca2+ and Sr2+ at low pH may be explained by a decrease of the surface potential. The inhibition of Ca2+ and Sr2+ uptake by monovalent cations is independent of the divalent cation concentration. The inhibition shows saturation kinetics, and the concentration of monovalent cation at which half maximal inhibition is observed, is equal to the affinity constant of this ion for the monovalent cation transport system. The inhibition of divalent cation uptake by monovalent cations appears to be related to depolarization of the cell membrane. Phosphate exerts a dual effect on uptake of divalent cations: and initial inhibition and a secondary stimulation. The inhibition shows saturation kinetics, and the inhibition constant is equal to the affinity constant of phosphate for its transport mechanism. The secondary stimulation can only partly be explained by a decrease of the cell pH, suggesting interaction of intracellular phosphate, or a phosphorylated compound, with the translocation mechanism. PMID- 34436 TI - Kinetics of sulfate uptake by yeast. AB - Uptake of sulfate by yeast requires the presence of a metabolic substrate and is dependent on the time during which the cells have been metabolizing in the absence of sulfate. At low concentrations of sulfate, uptake can be described by simple saturation kinetics. Uptake of sulfate is accompanied by a net proton influx of 3 H+ and an efflux of 1 K+ for each sulfate ion taken up. Divalent cations stimulate sulfate uptake at low concentrations of sulfate; the maximal rate of uptake is not significantly affected but Km is lowered. Stimulation by divalent cations shows an optimum at a cation concentration of about 4 mM. Monovalent cations are less effective, trivalent cations are more effective in stimulating sulfate uptake. The results are qualitatively in accordance with the notion, that the effect of cations is due to an effect via the surface potential. PMID- 34437 TI - Evidence against a MgATP-dependent proton pump in rat-liver lysosomes. AB - 1. The effect of MgATP has been studied on the accumulation of the lipid-soluble anion thiocyanate, the accumulation of the lipid-soluble base methylamine, and the fluorescence of bound anilinonaphthalene sulphonate in rat-liver lysosomes. The lysosomes used were isolated from the livers of rats pretreated with Triton WR 1339. 2. The accumulation of thiocyanate is stimulated by the addition of valinomycin in the presence of K+ but not by the addition of MgATP. 3. The fluorescence of anilinonaphthalene sulphonate bound to lysosomes is enhanced by valinomycin in the presence of K+, the extent of the enhancement being dependent on the concentration of K+. In contrast, MgATP has no effect on the fluorescence. 4. The intralysosomal pH, as estimated from the distribution of methylamine, is not affected by the addition of MgATP in media with or without K+, Na+ or HCO3-. 5. These data strongly suggest that there is no MgATP-dependent proton pump in rat-liver lysosomes. PMID- 34438 TI - An improved method for the isolation and assay of the acid lipase from human liver. AB - An improved method for the isolation and assay of the lysosomal acid lipase from human liver has been developed. Over 90% of the enzymatic activity was extracted in soluble form by brief homogenization of frozen tissue with the nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100. With cholesterol, [1-14C]oleate and 4 methylumbelliferyl plamitate as substrate in emulsions with the amphoteric surfactant, N-tetradecyl-N,N,-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate, and ethanol, an apparent V of 1.9 nmol . min-1 . mg-1 protein was obtained with the radioactive substrate and 29 nmol . min-1 . mg-1 protein with the fluorogenic substrate analog, respectively. The released radioactivity-labelled oleic acid was quantitated by selective extraction with a new biphasic solvent system containing carbon tetrachloride and hexane. This assay procedure offers the advantages over other procedures that subcellular fractionation of the tissue is not required for the isolation of the cellular fractionation of the tissue is not required for the isolation of the enzyme; the enzymatic activity toward these emulsions is much greater than previously reported for other methods of substrate solubilization and cholesterol esters with saturated and unsaturated fatty acids can be employed as substrate since both types of fatty acids can be efficiently partitioned and quantitated with this solvent system. PMID- 34439 TI - The pH dependence of the reversible unfolding of ovalbumin A1 by guanidine hydrochloride. AB - The pH dependence of the reversible guanidine hydrochloride denaturation of the major fraction of ovalbumin (ovalbumin A1) was studied by a viscometric method in the pH range 1-7, at 25 degrees C and at six different denaturant concentrations (1.5-2.6 M). At any denaturant concentrationa reduction in pH favoured the transition from the native to the denatured state. The latter was essentially 'structureless', as revealed by the fact that the reduced viscosity of the acid and guanidine hydrochloride denatured state of ovalbumin A1 (obtained at different denaturant concentrations in acidic solutions) was measured (at a protein concentration of 3.8 mg/ml) to be 29.2 ml/g which is identical to that found in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride wherein the protein behaves as a cross linked random coil. A quantitative analysis of the results on the pH dependence of the equilibrium constant for the denaturation process showed that on denaturation the intrinsic pK of two carboxyl groups in ovalbumin A1 went up from 3.1 in the native state to 4.4 in the denatured state of the protein. PMID- 34440 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance study of side-chain conformation of phenylalanine residue in [Met5]-enkephalin: solvent, pH, and temperature dependence. AB - [Met5]-Enkephalin and N-acetylphenylalanine methylamide containing (2S,3S)-[2,3 2H2]Phe were synthesized 270 MHz 1H NMR spectra of the normal and selectively deuterated species were analysed. The lower-field and higher-field beta-proton signals of the Phe4 residue of [Met5]-enkephalin were unambiguously assigned to the pro-S and pro-R protons, respectively. The same assignments apply to N acetylphenylalanine methylamide in polar organic solvents and in 2H2O, but the alternative assignments apply in C2HCl3. For [Met5]-enkephalin, the vicinal spin coupling constants 3JalphabetaS and 3 JalphabetaR and the rotamer populations around the Calpha-Cbeta bond were determined in a variety of solvents. From the pH and temperature dependences of rotamer populations of [Met5]-enkephalin, the side-chain conformation of the Phe residue in 2H2O solution was found to be considerably different from that in (C2H3)2SO solution. Rotamer populations of the Phe4 residue of [Met5]-enkephalin in organic solvents depend on solvent polarity. As compared with the reference model molecule of N-acetylphenylalanine methylamide, the rotamer populations of Phe4 of [Met5]-enkephalin are affected possibly by steric repulsion with other residues; the rotamer I is primarily favored but the rotamer II is appreciably destabilized in weakly polar solvents. PMID- 34441 TI - Study of some physicochemical properties of the neurotoxic complex and its components from the venom of Bulgarian sand viper, Vipera ammodytes ammodytes. I. Luminescence of tryptophan residues. PMID- 34442 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of intermediate filament protein (skeletin) from cow heart Purkinje fibres. AB - The intermediate filament protein skeletin from cow heart Purkinje fibres was purified to homogeneity by a selective extraction procedure and gel chromatography in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. Monospecific antibodies were obtained by immunisation of rabbits with the sodium dodecyl sulphate-skeletin complex, and rocket electrophoresis made it possible to quantify the concentration of protein. The skeletin monomer has a molecular weight of 55 000. Amino acid analysis revealed that skeletin has a high content of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine and leucine, together constituting more than 50% of the molecule. The isoelectric point is determined as 6.35. Skeletin is insoluble at pH 4--6 in the absence of detergent and shows increasing solubility at higher and lower pH. The biochemical characteristics are discussed in relation to the cytoskeletal function of the filaments. Comparison with intermediate-sized filament protein of other tissues show certain important similarities suggesting that the filaments may share a common evolutionary ancestry. PMID- 34443 TI - Separation of soluble adenylate and guanylate cyclases from the mature rat testis. AB - The mature rat testis contains both a soluble guanylate cyclase and a soluble adenylate cyclase. Both these soluble enzymes prefer manganous ion for activity. It is known that guanylate cyclase can, when activated by a variety of agents, catalyze the formation of cyclic AMP. The following experiments were performed to determine whether the testicular soluble adenylate and guanylate cyclase activities were carried on the same molecule. Analysis of supernatants from homogenized rat testis by gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation showed that the two activities were clearly separable. The molecular weight of guanylate cyclase is 143 000, while that of adenylate cyclase is 58 000. Treatment of the column fractions with 0.1 mM sodium nitroprusside allowed guanylate cyclase activity to be expressed with Mg(2+) as well as with Mn(2+). Sodium nitroprusside did not affect the metal ion or substrate specificity of adenylate cyclase. These experiments show that adenylate and guanylate cyclase activities are physically separable. PMID- 34444 TI - Non-H-2 antigens can induce high GVH mortality in adult recipients of normal cells. AB - It is demonstrated that, under experimental conditions resembling those used for bone marrow grafting in man, disparity for minor histocompatibility antigens alone (i.e., antigens coded for by genes not included in the major histocompatibility complex) is in fact sufficient for the induction of severe lethal graft-versus-host disease in adult (DBA/2 X B10.D2)F1 recipients of normal B10.D2 myeloid and lymphoid cells. PMID- 34445 TI - The analysis of terbutaline in biological fluids by gas chromatography electron impace mass spectrometry. AB - A highly sensitive and specific assay is described for the bronchodilator drug terbutaline in human plasma and urine, based on single ion monitoring gas chromatography mass spectrometry and employing a homologue of the drug as internal standard. Recovery of terbutaline and internal standard into ethyl acetate is effected at pH 9.8, while back-extraction into dilute acid serves to purify the initial extract. Following preparation of O-TMS, N-TFA derivatives, the drug and its homologue are detected by selected ion monitoring of their common base ion at m/e 355. The limit of detection of terbutaline by this procedure is 0.3 ng ml-1 from a 4 ml sample of plasma. PMID- 34446 TI - Potentiometric titration behavior of a copolymer of glutamic acid and alanine prepared by thermal polycondensation. PMID- 34447 TI - Cellulase production and ammonia metabolism in Trichoderma reesei on high levels of cellulose. AB - Trichoderma can be cultured in stirred-tank fermentors on high (8%) cellulose concentrations without increasing the salt concentration of the medium when NH4OH is used to control pH and as a nitrogen source. Approximately 90% of the ammonia consumed by the organism can be added as NH4OH. The advantage of using high concentrations of cellulose is that culture filtrates with greater cellulase activity are obtained. The advantage of a low salts medium is that unwanted solutes in the final enzyme preparation are reduced. The appearance of cellulase in the medium occurs later than net ammonia uptake so that only 20% of the final amount of cellulase has appeared when 80% of the maximum amount of ammonia has been consumed. PMID- 34448 TI - Immobilization of aminoacylase by adsorption to tannin immobilized on aminohexyl cellulose. AB - The immobilization of aminoacylase (N-acylamino acid amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.14) was investigated by using tannin immobilized on aminohexyl cellulose. The most active immobilized aminoacylase was obtained when aminoacylase was adsorbed to the immobilized tannin in a weak alkaline medium containing sodium chloride and n butanol at 37 degrees C. The activity of the immobilized tannin-aminoacylase complex per unit volume was five times higher than that of the DEAE-Sephadex aminoacylase complex used for industrial production of L-amino acids in our plants. The half-life of the immobilized tannin-aminoacylase complex was 20 days under continuous operation at a high concentration of substrate; on the contrary, that of the DEAE-Sephadex-aminoacylase complex was 0.5 days. PMID- 34449 TI - Properties of beta-amylase immobilized to alkylamine porous silica. PMID- 34450 TI - Third International Congress of Biorheology: abstracts of papers. PMID- 34451 TI - [General characteristics and comparative evaluation of the radioprotective properties of aryl alkyl amine adrenomimetics in experiments on mice]. AB - The radioprotective effect (RPE) of some arylalkylamines (AAAs) was studied in experiments on mice. Mesaton and its close analogues were injected subcutaneously 15 minutes prior to irradiation at a dose of 800 rad. The protective effect is exerted by AAAs in low doses (25--50 mumole/kg), the compounds show stable and high RPE (80--80% survival, dose reduction factor being 1.3--1.4) and low toxicity (LD50 = 4--8 mumole/kg). AAAs studied are not less effective than aminothiols. Their pharmacological spectrum--K = LD50/ED50 (200--500) is superior to that of known aminothiols and indolylalkylamines. PMID- 34452 TI - [Phenomenon of parental resistance and its genetic regulation]. AB - Lymphocytes of mice F1 (CBA X M523) and F1 (A X M523) transplanted to 1000 R irradiated CBA or A mice responded to the test antigens--SRBC or S. typhi Vi antigen--by formation of 100--1000 times less antibody forming cells than in syngeneic recipients. An intermediate result is achieved when the lymphoid cells are transplanted to the irradiated M523 mice. Lymphocytes of mice F1 (A X CBA), F1 (CBA X C57Bl/6), or F1 (A X A.CA) developed a similar immune response in the irradiated syngeneic mice and in both parental lines. The ability of parental line M523 to respond to SRBC was the same as in the other lines studied when examined in situ or in adoptive transfer experiments. The stem hemopoietic cells of mice F1 (CBA X M523) develop in the spleen of CBA mice 2--2.5 times less hemopoietic colonies than in the spleen of syngeneic animals. A conclusion was drawn that mutation M523 in CBA mice inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic and lymphoid cells in the irradiated nonsyngeneic recipients. PMID- 34453 TI - [Liver reactivity to glucocorticoids in the process of chemical hepatic carcinogenesis]. AB - The rat hepatocytes during chemical carcinogenesis (3'-MDAB), as well as the cells of chemically-induced primary rat hepatomas preserved their response to partial hepatectomy by stimulation of the 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA; as in the normal liver this process is inhibited by dexamethason. No impairment in the inducibility of tyrosine aminotranspherase (EC.2.6.1.5) by the hormone was observed, whereas the hormonal induction of tryptophane pyrrolase (EC.1.13.11.11) in primary hepatomas was lost completely. The problem of the adequacy of the model of chemical carcinogenesis of the organ without consideration of the cell populations heterogeneity is discussed. PMID- 34454 TI - [Activation of tumor tissue glycolysis by inorganic phosphate at low pH values]. AB - It was shown that the activating effect of inorganic phosphorus on glucose utilization by the tumour tissue in vitro was retained at low pH of the incubation medium. The 0.15M Na2HPO4 in tris-buffer solutions infusion at the moment of cessation of the tumour selfacidity under glucose infusion led to further decrease of the tumour tissue pH. The tumour tissue pH values of about 4.5--4.6 were obtained. It is recommended to use the solutions with inorganic phosphorus for acidifying the tumour tissue in optimisation of the complex therapy schemes. PMID- 34455 TI - [French Association for the Study of Cancer symposium on cellular kinetics and cancer, Paris, 1,2,3 March 1978: proceedings]. PMID- 34456 TI - The role of the hypogastric nerve in bladder and urethral activity of the dog. AB - 1. Stimulation of the hypogastric nerves increased the pressure in both the bladder and urethra of anaesthetized female dogs. 2. The responses were reduced but not abolished by the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine, whereas the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol was either without effect or increased the responses. Atropine, methysergide and hexamethonium were without effect. 3. Close arterial injection of phenylephrine increased and isoprenaline decreased urethral pressure but both produced only a slight increase in bladder pressure. 4. Hypogastric nerve stimulation reduced subsequent responses of the bladder and urethra to pelvic nerve stimulation or to close arterial injection of acetylcholine. Isoprenaline, but not phenylephrine, also had an inhibitory action and 5-hydroxytryptamine enhanced the responses. 5. In the presence of hexamethonium the inhibitory action of isoprenaline still occurred but 5 hydroxytryptamine no longer enhanced the responses, suggesting that 5 hydroxytryptamine acts on the ganglia and isoprenaline acts, at least partially, on smooth muscle. 6. These results suggest that the role of the hypogastric nerves may be to modify inputs to the bladder and urethra as well as to act directly on the smooth muscle. PMID- 34457 TI - beta-Adrenoceptor blocking drugs and isoprenaline: central effects on cardiovascular parameters. AB - 1. The central hypotensive activity of (+)- and (-)-propranolol (100 microgram), pindolol (100 microgram) and isoprenaline (1 and 4 microgram) injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) was studied in rats anaesthetized with urethane and chloralose. Blood pressure, cardiac output and heart rate were measured; systolic stroke volume and peripheral vascular resistance were calculated. 2. (+)- and (-)-Propranolol and pindolol induced a fall of blood pressure but (+)-propranolol was less active. The heart rate was reduced more by (-)-propranolol than by (+)-propranolol or (-)-pindolol. The decrease of systolic stroke volume was greater for (-)-propranolol and pindolol than for (+) propranolol. Peripheral vascular resistance was reduced to the same level but with different time courses, (-)-propranolol having a longer effect than (+) propranolol and pindolol. 3. Isoprenaline induced a hypotensive effect, while cardiac output and heart rate increased; the systolic stroke volume remained stable but peripheral vascular resistance was significantly decreased. 4. These results suggest that different central regulatory centres are involved in the control of cardiac function and peripheral vascular tone. PMID- 34458 TI - Do chronic schizophrenics in hospital need more than one neuroleptic drug? PMID- 34459 TI - Proceedings of the British Institute of Radiology. Comparison of diagnostic techniques for the chest and mediastinum. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 34460 TI - Proceedings of the British Institute of Radiology. High dose-rate afterloading gynaecological irradiation as an adjuvant to gynaecological surgery: an assessment of the cathetron. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 34461 TI - Cryptorchidism: a renewed plea. PMID- 34462 TI - Cryptorchidism: a renewed plea. PMID- 34463 TI - "Trench foot" caused by the cold. PMID- 34464 TI - Chemical coding of the hypothalamic neurones in metabolic control. I. Acetylcholine-sensitive neurones and glycogen synthesis in liver. PMID- 34465 TI - Catecholamine synthesizing enzymes in brain stem and hypothalamus during the development of renovascular hypertension. AB - The activities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase (PNMT) have been measured in brain stem and hypothalamic nuclei during the development of renovascular hypertension. TH activity fell at 72 h in the posterior hypothalamic and peri- and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, but had returned to control levels by 7 days. PNMT activity was raised in the nucleus of the solitary tract at 7 days and was also elevated in the nucleus of the solitary tract, parahypoglossal nucleus, locus coeruleus and cerebellar cortex at 4 weeks. No change in PNMT was noted in hypothalamus. It appears from these results that both central noradrenergic and adrenergic pathways are involved in the development of this model of experimental hypertension. PMID- 34466 TI - Long-term effects of preganglionic nerve stimulation on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the rat superior cervical ganglion. AB - The effects of increased synaptic stimulation of sympathetic neurons on the tyrosine hydroxylase activity of these cells were studied. Seventy-two hours after unilateral stimulation of the preganglionic cervical sympathetic trunk at 10 Hz for 30 min tyrosine hydroxylase activity was 32% higher in stimulated than in control superior cervical ganglia. Stimulation at 10 Hz for only 10 min increased enzyme activity by 25% when measured 72 h later, while stimulation for 60 min increased activity by 73%. No further change in enzyme activity was found after 90 min of stimulation although electrophysiological recordings from the ganglion demonstrated that synaptic transmission was maintained throughout the period of stimulation. Ganglionic neurons also follow high frequency trains of stimuli when they are interrupted by silent periods. Stimulation with 40 Hz trains (250 msec on/500 msec off) for 30 min and 90 min produced a 50% and a 92% increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity, respectively. Stimulation of ganglia with the same number of pulses administered either continuously or in trains produced the same size increase in enzyme activity. The relationship between preganglionic nerve activity and tyrosine hydroxylase activity may represent an adaption of sympathetic neurons to situations requiring increased transmitter release. PMID- 34467 TI - Alterations in the benzodiazepine receptor of Huntington's diseased human brain. PMID- 34468 TI - Regional development of norepinephrine, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase in the rat brain subsequent to neonatal treatment with subcutaneous 6 hydroxydopamine. AB - Neonatal rats were injected subcutaneously with 100 mg/kg 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA), or vehicle, on postnatal days 1, 2 and 3. At several times thereafter, determinations of tyrosine hydroxylase (TOH) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activities, and norepinephrine (NE) concentration were made in the parietal cortex, cerebellum and pons-medulla in order to assess the extent of initial noradrenergic degeneration induced, and the rate of any ensuing regeneration. By the day following completion of the treatment (postnatal day 4), degeneration of noradrenergic terminals in the parietal cortex and cerebellum was very extensive, with NE levels and DBH activities reduced by more than 80%, and TOH activities reduced by 50%. In the parietal cortex noradrenergic degeneration remained virtually complete; and 9 and 70 days postnatal NE concentration and DBH and TOH activities were all decreased by more than 90--95%. In the cerebellum a progressive regeneration and apparent sprouting of NE fibers was observed. By postnatal day 9, NE, DBH and TOH in this tissue had all recovered to near control levels, and by day 70 these measures exceeded control levels by 95%, 115% and 50% respectively. In the pons-medulla, the initial effect of 6-OHDA on any of the measured parameters was negligible. By postnatal day 9 an increase in NE concentration was apparent, which increased further by day 70 to surpass the control level by 70%. At this same time DBH activity was increased by only 15% and TOH activity was unchanged. Separate analysis of the rostral half of the pons, which contains the locus coeruleus, revealed that on day 70 NE and DBH levels were increased much more substantially than in the whole pons-medulla, and TOH activity was also significantly elevated. This data indicates that the initial amount of degeneration induced by the 6-OHDA treatment is similar in both the parietal cortex and cerebellum, but regeneration proceeds only in the cerebellum. This suggests that noradrenergic fiber growth and regeneration in each target tissue is under independent regulation, possibly by the individual target neurons themselves. PMID- 34469 TI - Assessment of the effects of neonatal subcutaneous 6-hydroxydopamine on noradrenergic and dopaminergic innervation of the cerebral cortex. AB - Female rats, treated at birth with 6-hydroxydopamine (3 x 100 mg/kg s.c. at 24 h intervals) or vehicle, were subjected at 112 days of age to unilateral electrolytic lesions of the locus coeruleus. Two weeks later regions of the telencephalon, both ipsi- and contralateral to the lesion, were simultaneously assayed for norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) content, and for tyrosine hydroxylase (TOH) and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activities. In the vehicle treated rats the lesion resulted in at least an 80% reduction of NE and DBH on the ipsilateral side, relative to the contralateral side. TOH was reduced to a similar extent only in the parietal cortex and hippocampus. In the prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus TOH was decreased by only 31% and 64% respectively; the remainder was interpreted to be associated with projections of the mesocortical dopamine system. From this data it was possible to calculate that the ratio of TOH to DA in dopaminergic terminals is about 10-fold greater than the ratio of TOH to NE in noradrenergic terminals. Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment resulted in practically total elimination of noradrenergic terminals throughout the telencephalon, and the locus coeruleus lesion had no additional effect. The drug treatment produced no significant change in DA content or in the TOH to DA ratio in the prefrontal cortex and cingulate gyrus, indicating complete sparing of the mesocortical DA projections. PMID- 34470 TI - Measurement of brain tissue carbon dioxide content in vivo by emission tomography. PMID- 34471 TI - [Diagnostic value of some hepatologic biochemical examinations in the light of adaptive linear neuron (author's transl)]. PMID- 34472 TI - [Comparative effects of antiepileptics on the alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyltransferase activities in plasma and leukocytes]. AB - Alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyltransferase activities have been compared in plasma and leukocytes from presumably healthy subjects and from epileptic patients under treatment with different antiepileptic drugs. Plasma enzyme activities are always increased by antiepileptic treatment, leukocytic enzyme activities are increased only for some patients. No relation has been observed between the variations in any of the two enzyme activities and plasma level of anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 34473 TI - Hemolysins of Edwardsiella tarda. AB - Isolates of Edwardsiella tarda from four sources produced nonfilterable hemolsin in trypticase soy broth. The cell-associated hemolysin was partially heat labile, destroyed by formalin and sensitive to treatment with trypsin. These characteristics, and the observation that Ca++ or Mg++ ions enhanced activity, suggest that a proteinaceous, enzymic component may be responsible for the hemolytic activity. PMID- 34474 TI - Cardiac muscarinic blocking and atropinic blocking effects of a tetramine disulfide and alpha-adrenoceptor blocking activity. AB - Since many alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drugs were known to have muscarinic blocking activity, BHC, a newly synthesized tetramine disulfide with alpha adrenoceptor blocking activity, and two of its analogs were tested for muscarinic blocking activity in the isolated guinea pig atrium and ileum. BHC had muscarinic blocking activity. Its potency was higher in the atrium than in the ileum. The cardiac muscarinic blocking potency of the analog that contained carbon atoms instead of sulfur atoms was similar to that of BHC. Lower concentrations of the drugs antagonized inotropic effects of acetylcholine competitively, but higher concentrations had a smaller effect than expected for competitive antagonism. In the atrium BHC competitively inhibited the muscarinic blocking effect of atropine. Its atropinic blocking potency was similar to the muscarinic blocking potency. Quinidine and gallamine also had muscarinic blocking and atropinic blocking effects in the atrium but were about 10 times less potent than BHC. PMID- 34475 TI - California encephalitis virus activity in mosquitoes and horses in southern Ontario, 1975. AB - A study was undertaken in 1975 to determine California encephalitis virus activity in southern Ontario. Three thousand and sixty-one mosquitoes, primarily Aedes species, were divided into 104 pools and inoculated into suckling mice. Isolates of snowshoe hare virus were obtained from one pool each of Aedes fitchii and A. triseriatus mosquitoes collected in the Guelph area. Serological testing of horse sera revealed extensive virus activity in southern Ontario and indicated that horses may serve as excellent monitors for California encephalitis virus. PMID- 34476 TI - Enumeration of stressed cells of Escherichia coli. AB - Cells of Escherichia coli K-12 were stressed by heating at 48 degrees C or by acid treatment at pH 4.2 for periods up to 1h. The addition of catalase to the selective medium increased the count of heat-stressed cells by 2.3-fold and acid stressed cells by 4.8-fold. However, these values represented only a small percentage (3% for heat-stressed and 6% for acid-stressed cells respectively) of the population of injured but still viable cells. The addition of mannitol to the selective medium used to count acid-stressed cells did not increase the count. Whilst the presence of H2O2 in media may cause significant errors in the estimation of E. coli in certain situations these errors are unlikely to be significant in physiological studies of populations of cells injured by stress. PMID- 34477 TI - Response of cells to hyperthermia under acute and chronic hypoxic conditions. AB - The lethal response of Chinese hamster cells heated to 42 degrees was determined following 0 to 30 hr culturing under hypoxic conditions. Oxygenated and acutely hypoxic cells were equally sensitive to hyperthermia; however, sensitivity increased with the time of culturing under hypoxic conditions prior to treatment. Three hr at 42 degrees resulted in a surviving fraction of approximately or equal to 0.1 under acute hypoxic conditions and less than 0.001 for cells cultured for 30 hr under oxygen-deprived conditions before the heat treatment. The increased sensitivity to hyperthermia was was due in part to a decrease in the pH of the medium which occurred as a result of cell metabolism; this could be reversed by increasing pH to 7.3 immediately prior to heat treatment. However, even under fully controlled pH conditions, prolonged oxygen deprivation increased hyperthermic cell killing by a factor of approximately or equal to 5. This effect was not reversed by returning the cells to normal oxygen tension prior to treatment. These data demonstrate that tumorlike microenvironmental conditions (reduced O2 tension and pH) substantially increase the sensitivity of cells to 42 degrees hyperthermia. PMID- 34478 TI - Evidence for several demethylase enzymes in the oxidation of dimethylnitrosamine and phenylmethylnitrosamine by rat liver fractions. AB - The steady state kinetics and isotope effects were examined for demethylation of dimethylnitrosamine and phenylmethylnitrosamine, as well as their deuterated analogs, using the S-9 fraction, the microsomal pellet, and postmicrosomal supernatant from rat livers. The isotope effect (ratio of maximal rates for the deuterated and light substrates) using the S-9 from Long-Evans rat livers was found to be 1.82 for dimethylnitrosamine and 5.38 for phenylmethylnitrosamine. Phenobarbital was shown to induce dimethylnitrosamine demethylase activity in the microsomal pellet of both Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats but to repress this activity in the postmicrosomal supernatant in the Long-Evans rats, while markedly increasing it in the Sprague-Dawley rats. It was also found that there was nitrosamine demethylase activity in the so-called "pH 5 enzymes" and in the supernatant from that preparation. The latter activity shows substantially different characteristics from that found in the other fractions. PMID- 34479 TI - The use of opiate analgesics in cancer patients. PMID- 34480 TI - [Changes in cytotoxic reactivity and absorption capacity of HLA antigens on lymphocytes. Effect of lithium, neuroleptics and antidepressive agents in vivo and in vitro]. PMID- 34481 TI - [Problems in pediatrics dermatology in the light of international conventions during the past years]. PMID- 34482 TI - [Development of epileptic seizures following secondary encephalitides in children]. PMID- 34483 TI - Covalent binding of carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methyl-carbamate) to rat liver microsomes in vitro. AB - Enzyme mediated binding of carbaryl (1-naphthyl-N-methylcarbamate) to rat hepatic microsomes occurred in vitro in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and oxygen and was inhibited by nitrogen, carbon monoxide, reduced glutathione, cysteine, N-ethyl maleimide, and 2 diethylaminoethyl-2,2'-diphenylvalerate-HCl (SKF 525-A). Binding was markedly increased, 2- to 3-fold, by pretreatment of animals with phenobarbital or 3 methylcholanthrene and appeared to be dependent on the production of an active metabolite which was formed oxidatively in liver microsomes by cytochrome P-450 mixed-function oxidases. SDS-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis of ether extracted, solublized microsomes and the distribution of radioactivity after Pronase digestion, treatment with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, and extraction with ethyl acetate and ether at pH 9 and 1 indicated that the radiolabeled products were covalently bound to amino acid residues of microsomal protein. PMID- 34484 TI - The early effects of chemical carcinogens on adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture: I. Quantitative changes in intracellular enzyme activities following a single dose of carcinogen. AB - The effects of exposure of adult rat hepatocytes to chemical carcinogens have been studied using a short-term maintenance culture system. Scanning microdensitometry was used to quantitate the observed changes in enzyme activity. The dose-response curves showed a biphasic response for all 4 enzymes studied (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADPH oxidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) there being decreased enzyme activities at the higher dose levels used, possibly indicating cytotoxicity. The enhancement of enzyme activity at low dose levels was due to generalised increases occurring in every cell, rather than to selection of a cell species particularly high in enzyme activity. A culture period of 24 h was necessary for the complete adaptation of the cells to the culture environment as evidenced by the response of intracellular glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity to carcinogen treatment. These findings are discussed in relation to previously reported in vivo studies. PMID- 34485 TI - Reactions of nitrosobenzene with reduced glutathione. AB - Nitrosobenzene (NOB) formed acid labile conjugates with reduced glutathione (GSH) and hemoglobin within red cells. In vitro, NOB rapidly reacted with GSH with formation of phenylhydroxylamine (PH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and a water soluble compound identified as glutathionesulfinanilide (GSO-AN). Free aniline (AN), aminophenols and azoxybenzene were not detected. The proportion of PH formed increased with increasing GSH concentration and at higher pH values. Spectroscopic analysis revealed the formation of a labile adduct following a second order reaction (K = 5 x 10(3) M-1 . sec-1 at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees). This reaction was reversible because nearly all NOB could be extracted with ether from the labile intermediate. On the other hand, the labile intermediate was transformed into GSO-AN (with increasing rate at lower pH values) or it was cleaved by GSH with formation of GSSG and PH. Intermediate formation of NOB and thiol radicals was ruled out by analysis of the equilibrium data. A tentative scheme is presented for the proposed reaction mechanism. PMID- 34486 TI - Studies on the structure-activity relationship of adrenergic beta-mimetic benzylamine derivatives. IV.1) Aryl-substituted 1-aminotetralins and 1 aminoindans. PMID- 34487 TI - Psychotropic agents. II. Synthesis and psychotropic activity of conformationally restricted butyrophenone analogs. PMID- 34488 TI - [Comparative sensitivities of six different species of mosquitoes to Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis]. PMID- 34489 TI - [Viral hemorrhagic fevers in man]. PMID- 34490 TI - Neurogenic dilator and constrictor responses of pial arteries in vitro. Differences between dogs and sheep. PMID- 34491 TI - The effects of dopamine, bromocriptine, lergotrile and metoclopramide on prolactin release from continuously perfused columns of isolated rat pituitary cells. AB - The control of secretion of prolactin was studied using continuous perfusion of a column of isolated rat pituitary cells supported by Bio-Gel polyacrylamide beads. Prolactin secretion was inhibited repeatedly by dopamine and rapidly recovered in its absence. Maximum inhibition was achieved at 5 x 10(-7) M dopamine. Bromocriptine and lergotrile directly inhibited prolactin release from the pituitary cells. Bromocriptine had a longterm action in inhibiting secretion. The dopamine receptor blocking agent, metoclopramide, overcame the inhibitory effect of dopamine but had no effect on prolactin secretion in its absence. PMID- 34492 TI - [Brain peptides (neuropeptides)]. PMID- 34494 TI - Scientific meeting of the 'Amsterdamsche Neurologenvereeniging' held in Amsterdam on October 6, 1977 [abstracts]. PMID- 34493 TI - Adult metachromatic leukodystrophy. Arylsulphatase-A values in four generations of one family and some reflections about the genetics. AB - The authors describe an investigation of Adult Metachromatic Leukodystrophy in a Dutch family, of which two persons were affected. The studies of leukocyte arylsulphatase-A activity were made in 47 members of 4 generations of the same family. The propositus, a 30-year old man, showed a conspicious organic brain syndrome, that progressed in two years to a complete dementia. His leukocyte, liver and kidney arylsulphatase-A activities (ASA) were very low; leukocyte-ASA activity increased after aceto-salicylate. His brother had died at 34 years, after a progressive debelitating neuropsychiatric illness of eight years; postmortem metachromatic leukodystrophy was diagnosed. In all living family members, urine and leukocyte arylsulphatase-A activities were determined. The findings are discussed in relation to the genetics and pathogenesis of this adult form of metachromatic leukodystrophy. Allelic heterozygoty is proposed as inheritance model in this family. Suggestions for further research are made. PMID- 34495 TI - Effects of positive pressure ventilation on cerebral blood flow in the newborn infant. PMID- 34496 TI - Methodology for demonstrating sustained efficacy of hypnotics: a comparative study of triazolam and flurazepam. AB - To test for sustained hypnotic efficacy, triazolam (0.6 mg) or flurazepam (30 mg) was given to chronic insomniac patients for 7 consecutive nights in parallel, double-blind design. Triazolam at this dose was an effective hypnotic by all usual subjective measures and did not produce appreciable hangover. Flurazepam performed similarly. For either drug, comparison of the mean scores for the first 2 nights with that for the last 2 nights for any of the parameters did not reveal any significant difference. Thus, both triazolam and flurazepam showed sustained efficacy for 1 week at these doses. Some interesting theoretical and practical questions about the measurement of sustained efficacy of hypnotics in situations of repetitive dosing were addressed by the study. While a placebo control is desirable, the results obtained may be uninterpretable. An acute-care hospital setting may not be the ideal setting for doing such studies. There were indications from the study that the first-night results in a hypnotic clinical trial may be atypical. PMID- 34497 TI - Contribution of 4-hydroxy-alprenolol to adrenergic beta receptor blockade of alprenolol. PMID- 34498 TI - In vitro phosphorylation of a purified preparation of bovine corpus striatal tyrosine hydroxylase. PMID- 34499 TI - In vitro degradation of enkephalin: evidence for cleavage at the Gly-Phe bond. PMID- 34500 TI - Changes in the state of ionization of carboxyl groups in elastin in response to the binding of sodium dodecyl sulfate. AB - The interaction of sodium dodecyl sulfate with elastin has been studied by complexometric titration. Approximately 1.2 mumoles of protons with a pKapp of 5.45 are taken up by 10 milligrams of insoluble elastin upon the binding of detergent, apparently due to the protonation of normally ionized carboxylate functions in this protein. Since ionized carboxylate functions of elastin are essential for its interaction with elastase and, possibly, metallic cations, these results may have physiological significance in view of the affinity of elastin for lipid-like ligands. PMID- 34501 TI - Cutaneous-systemic reactions to toxins and venoms of common marine organisms. AB - The potential adverse effects of North American marine organisms are presented herein. It is stressed that water sports enthusiasts should be aware of possible dangers when in unfamiliar waters. PMID- 34502 TI - Nonthrombocytopenic purpura induced by carbromal. AB - A case of carbromal-induced purpura is described and the typical clinical features are presented. The diagnosis was confirmed by patch tests with 1 percent and 5 percent carbromal in propylene glycol and the positive results of a macrophage migration inhibitory factor test for carbromal. The rash gradually subsided following withdrawal of the drug. PMID- 34503 TI - International Symposium on Psoriasis. Stanford, California, July 12-15, 1976. PMID- 34504 TI - Effects of ethanol on plasma protein shedding in the human stomach. AB - Plasma protein shedding in the stomach was measured in 23 normal individuals before and after intragastric administration of a 30% solution of ethyl alcohol. Two different methods were used to assess plasma protein shedding. The first technique utilizes [131I]albumin and requires neutralization of the gastric juice. It was used in 12 subjects and failed to demonstrate any increase of plasma protein shedding under the influence of ethanol. The second technique which utilizes [51Cr]chloride was used in 11 subjects. It demonstrated a significant increase of the gastric clearance of plasma protein which reached 2.5 times the control values. The [51Cr]chloride technique does not require prior neutralization of gastric acidity. It is concluded that, in normal man, ethanol administration increases plasma protein shedding in the stomach when it is given in the presence of an acid gastric juice. The effect is not observed when the gastric acidity is neutralized. PMID- 34505 TI - Continuous peritoneal dialysis as treatment of acute experimental pancreatitis in the rat. II. Analysis of its beneficial effect. AB - In acute sodium-taurocholate-induced pancreatitis in the rat, peritoneal dialysis reduced serum amylase levels and the amount of fat necrosis, but did not influence the damage to the pancreas itself. Pancreatic ascites obtained in the early course of the disease was found to have a hypotensive effect when given intraperitoneally to healthy rats. This effect vanished in the later course of acute experimental pancreatitis and was reduced by acidification of the ascites or by administration of an antihistaminic drug. Thus the beneficial effect of continuous peritoneal dialysis on survival time and mortality rate seems to be of systemic origin. PMID- 34506 TI - [The effect of carbamide additives for the reduction of the cariogenicity of chocolate]. PMID- 34507 TI - [Comparison of the metabolism of isolated streptococci and dental plaque]. AB - 1. Isolated cultures of Streptococcus mutans form lactic acid as well as small amounts of formic acid and acetic acid during the anaerobic break down of glucose. The composition of the acids in terms of percent is independent of time. 2. Plaque specimens incubated in vitro show a complicated spectrum of substances; propionic and butyric acids are found in addition to lactic, formic, and acetic acids. The composition in terms of percent depends on the incubation period. The percentage of lactic acid drops as the incubation period is extended. 3. Just as the plaque, the product spectrum of isolated streptococci in terms of quantitative composition depends on the buffer capacity. PMID- 34508 TI - Thyrotropin binding to cultured lymphocytes and thyroid cells. AB - The TSH-binding properties of human lymphocytes in continuous culture were studied and compared to those of bovine and human thyroid cells in primary culture. Both lymphocytes and thyroid cells had maximal TSH-binding capacity at pH 5.2. At pH 7.4, thyroid cells bound 15% but lymphocytes bound only 3% of the amount bound at pH 5.2. At 37 C, maximal binding of [125I]iodo-TSH to lymphocytes was reached within 60--90 min and maximal binding to thyroid cells was reached within 15--20 min. TSH binding to lymphocytes was salt sensitive, being inhibited to 50% by 0.2 mM MgCl and 0.4 mM CaCl2 and by 20 mM Kl, KCl, and NaCl. The saturable binding of bovine TSH (bTSH) to thyroid cells at pHs 5.2 and 7.4 was above 90% of the total binding. Saturable binding of bovine TSH (bTSH) to thyroid cells at pHs 5.2 and 7.4 was above 90% of the total binding. Saturable binding to lymphocytes at pH 5.2 was also above 90%, but at pH 7.4 was 75% of total. At pH 5.2, both cell types displayed identical displacement curves of [125I]iodo-bTSH by unlabeled bTSH. Pure hCG, human placental lactogen, human GH, and insulin cross-reacted to less than 1% with [125I]iodo-bTSH binding to lymphocytes at pH 5.2, whereas a crude preparation of hCG and human FSH plus human LH showed a strong cross-reaction. Nonhormone glycoproteins, including mucin, normal human gamma-globulin, and bovine thyroglobulin showed intermediate cross-reactivity. At pH 7.4, the cross-reactivity of normal human gamma-globulin, bovine thyroglobulin, and pure hCG with bTSH binding to both lymphocytes and thyroid cells was below 1%. The TSH-binding properties of lymphocytes and thyroid cells show many similarities but differ in kinetics and the relative binding capacity at neutral pH. Although the physiological significance of these differences is not yet clear, cultured cells provide a convenient system for studies of TSH receptor interaction. PMID- 34509 TI - Binding of rat and bovine thyrotropin to specific sites in rat thyroid tissue. PMID- 34510 TI - Testicular teratoma in an equine cryptorchid. AB - An abnormal cryptorchid testicle removed from the abdominal cavity of a 4 year old Thoroughbred stallion is described. The abnormal organ conforms to the requirements of Willis (1960) for a teratoma. The difference between these tumours in man and horses is discussed. PMID- 34511 TI - Blood-gas, acid-base and haematological values in horses during an endurance ride. AB - The effects of prolonged strenuous exercise on arterial and venous oxygen tension, carbon dioxide tension, pH, bicarbonate, standard bicarbonate, base excess, haemoglobin, packed cell volume and total plasma protein were studied in 36 horses during a 100 km endurance ride. There were significant changes in many parameters when pre-ride values were compared with both mid-ride and end of ride values. The prominent changes were the development of dehydration and a metabolic alkalosis. At the mid-ride sampling time those horses with higher heart rates had a greater degree of metabolic alkalosis than those with lower heart rates. The first 4 horses in the race completed the ride with speeds between 322-330 m/min and demonstrated a metabolic acidosis. PMID- 34512 TI - Response of erythrocytic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate to strenuous exercise. AB - Since increases of erythrocytic 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) have been shown to enhance the release of oxygen from hemoglobin, experiments were designed to evaluate the response of 2,3-DPG to two different work-loads in 13 fasted human subjects. No signficant mean change in 2.3-DPG was found following 16 min of strenuous exercise on a bicycle ergometer, but when the subjects were subjected later to a greater workload for 20 min, there was a significant mean decrease in 2.3-DPG despite much individual variation. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation of 2.3-DPG reduction with increases in postexercise lactate, and a significant inverse correlation of oxygen consumption during exercise with postexercise lactate. The data suggest that the 2.3-DPG mechanism may not be compensating in exercise when the workload requires a preponderance of anaerobic metabolism promoting lactacidaemia. PMID- 34513 TI - Effects of active, passive or no warm-up on the physiological response to heavy exercise. AB - Six endurance-trained young men were subjected to a 4 min maximal aerobic treadmill run (100% of VO2 max), after active or passive warm-up or rest on separate days. The increase in body temperature during the active and passive warm-up was controlled, so that the temperature reached the same level, before the subject was exposed to the maximal exercise. On average the rectal temperature rose to 38.3 degrees C (range 38.1-38.6 degrees C). The standard work resulted in a significant higher oxygen uptake, lower lactate concentration and higher blood pH when the work was preceded by active warm-up as compared with passive or no warm-up. The difference in total oxygen uptake during the run between the active and passive warm-up procedure was 0.8 1. No significant difference in minute volume of expired air or respiratory quotient was found. It is concluded that the physiological effects of a thorough active warm-up may be of substantial benefit to athletic performance. PMID- 34514 TI - A 13C nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of CO2-HCO3-exchange catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase C at chemical equilibrium. AB - The effects of human carbonic anhydrase C on the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of equilibrium mixtures of 13CO2 and NaH13CO3 were measured at 67.89 MHz. Enzyme-catalyzed CO2-HCO-3 exchange rates were estimated from the linewidths of the resonances. The results show that: (a) the maximal exchange rates are larger than the maximal turnover rates; (b) the exchange is equally rapid with 1H2O or with 2H2O as solvents; (c) the exchange is equally rapid in the presence or in the absence of added buffers; (d) the apparent substrate binding is weaker than predicted if steady-state Km values are assumed to represent substrate dissociation constants. The main conclusion concerning the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme is that the proton-transfer processes which limit turnover rates in the steady state are not directly involved in CO2-HCO-3 exchange. In addition, the results suggest that CO2-HCO-3 interconversion takes place by a nucleophilic mechanism, such as a reversible reaction of zinc-coordinated OH- with CO2. PMID- 34515 TI - Conformational studies of neurotoxin II from Naja naja oxiana. Selective N acylation, circular dichroism and nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of acylation products. AB - After treatment of neurotoxin II, a component part of the venom of the Middle Asian cobra Naja naja oxiana, with acetoxysuccinimide all five possible epsilon acetylated-lysyl derivatives were obtained and the position of the label was established. Trifluoroacetylation of both the derivatives and the parent toxin yielded, respectively, the five acetyl-penta(trifluoroacetyl)-neurotoxins II and the hexa(trifluoroacetyl)-neurotoxin II, which were studied by circular dichroism (CD), 1H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The availability of this series of compounds made possible assignment of all six fluorine signals (from the N-terminal and the five epsilon-amino groups) in the hexa(trifluoroacetyl)-neurotoxin II NMR spectra and disclosure of the proximity of the Lys-26 and Lys-46 trifluoroacetyl groups. The pH dependence of the 19F NMR signals was determined and the pK values of the groups affecting the signal chemical shifts were calculated by a computer iterative program. In order to ascertain the relative accessibility of the lysyl side chains, the change in halfwidths of the hexatrifluoroacetylated neurotoxin II 19F signals, with addition of varying amounts of an iminoxyl spin probe, was determined. The data obtained are compared with the X-ray data on sea snake neurotoxins and the significance of the side chain interactions observed in solution is discussed. PMID- 34516 TI - Synthesis and activation of asparagine in asparagine auxotrophs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - L-Asparagine synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is performed by a glutamine dependent asparagine synthetase of the type found in higher organisms. Auxotrophy for asparagine has been obtained in two classes of mutants. In class I, asparagine synthetase activity is cancelled. These mutants combine two mutations, asnA- and asnB-. Neither asnA- nor asnB- mutation alone leads to total auxotrophy. Partial auxotrophy as well as a strong decrease in enzyme activity result from asnA- mutation. No change is detectable in cells with the asnB- mutationalone. This, and Jones' report [J. Bacteriol. 134, 200-207 (1978)] of auxotrophy resulting from the combination of two mutations, are strong supports for asparagine synthesis being an unusual biosynthetic operation. In class II, auxotrophy results from a single mutation which leads to a modification of the efficiency of the asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase (asnRS- mutation). This auxotrophy is cancelled if asparaginase I activity (the only one present in sigma 1278b wild type) is cancelled by casnI- mutation. This latter mutation allows an increase in the asparagine pool which is able to compensate for the asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase partial defect of the asnRS- mutant. PMID- 34517 TI - Spin transition of camphor-bound cytochrome P-450. 2. Kinetics following rapid changes of the local paH at sub-zero temperatures. AB - The kinetics of the spin transition in the heme iron of the cytochrome P-450 substrate complex have been observed by stopped-flow measurements between 4 degrees C and -27 degrees C. Large displacements in the spin equilibrium are induced by small changes in the concentration of hydrogen or potassium ions. The kinetic and thermodynamic data indicate that the spin transition is rate-limited by conformational changes of the protein. The spin transition appears to be governed by the local paH, modulated in turn by external factors: a satisfying kinetic analysis is attained only by accounting for the difference between local paH (paH, in) and bulk paH (paH, out), as described in the preceding paper. Indeed, the low-spin to high-spin rate constant obeys a local paH titration curve with a pK = 5.4 +/- 0.1 at -17 degrees C. PMID- 34518 TI - Solution conformation of glycosaminoglycans: assignment of the 300-MHz 1H magnetic resonance spectra of chondroitin 4-sulphate, chondroitin 6-sulphate and hyaluronate, and investigation of an alkali-induced conformation change. AB - Complete assignments are given for the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra at 300 MHz of chondroitin 4-sulphate, chondroitin 6-sulphate and hyaluronate in deuterium oxide solution, supported by spin decoupling and computer simulation. Coupling constants and chemical shifts are as expected from spectra of the model glycosides, methyl beta-D-glucopyranosiduronate, methyl 2 acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside and methyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D galactopyranoside, when allowance is made for systematic influences on chemical shifts of interglycosidic linkages and sulphate substitution. As reported elsewhere, addition of alkali causes the hyaluronate spectrum to sharpen considerably. This is taken to indicate that segmental motion is enhanced by disruption of some system of inter-residue bonding on ionisation of hydroxy groups. Concomitant changes in chemical shifts are seen mainly for H-2 of the glucuronate residue, and the CH3 and H-2 of the acetamidodeoxyglucose residue. Similar effects are not seen for chondroitin sulphates, either in line widths or chemical shifts. Comparison of the spectra of hyaluronate, chondroitin sulphates, and the model glycosides, indicates that proton chemical shifts are sensitive to the conformation differences between the polysaccharides in alkaline solution, but do not detect the differences in neutral solution that are known from NMR relaxation to be present. The altered configuration and/or substitution pattern of the acetamidodeoxyhexose residue in hyaluronate compared with chondroitin sulphates appears to have a critical influence on overall conformation in both alkaline and neutral solution. PMID- 34519 TI - Investigations on the activation of bovine prochymosin. AB - Activation of prochymosin at pH below 2.5 results in formation of the active enzyme pseudochymosin by proteolytic cleavage of the bond 27--28. Pseudochymosin is 15 amino acid residues longer than chymosin. It is the final activation product at low pH, whereas chymosin is formed by activation between pH 4 and 5. Pseudochymosin is converted to chymosin when it is brought to pH 5.5. Our present knowledge does not allow quantitative evaluation of the possible reactions involved in formation of pseudochymosin, but the course of activation at pH 2 is in accordance with an intermolecular reaction between two zymogen molecules as the predominant reaction. We find indications of an intramolecular reaction when intermolecular reactions are prevented by immobilization of the zymogen. PMID- 34520 TI - Electrophysiologic properties of intravenous Tenormine in man. AB - The acute electrophysiologic effects of intravenous Tenormine (0.1 mg/kg body weight), a new cardioselective beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drug, were studied in 18 subjects with estimated normal impulse formation and conduction. The most significant (P less than 0.01) effects were sinus cycle lengthening, depression of intranodal conduction and prolongation of AV node refractory periods. Sinus node recovery time, sinoatrial conduction time and atrial refractory periods were only slightly prolonged (P less than 0.05). Intraatrial conduction and infra-His conduction were unchanged. These properties are compared with those of the most commonly employed beta-blocking agents. The clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 34521 TI - [25th Sumposium of the Japanese Society of Experimental Animal Research]. PMID- 34522 TI - [Origin of the SL mice and their application--the SL mice as a disease model]. PMID- 34523 TI - [The measurement of the placenta, umbilical cord and components of amniotic fluid in beagle dogs]. AB - The body weight of newborns, the weight of placenta, the length of umbilical cord and the content of urobilinogen, gulcose, protein, pH, keton body in amniotic fluid were investigated with samples from 16 litters of beagles. The mean body weight of newborn, weight of placenta and length of umbilical cord were 258.0 +/- 44.6 g (85 samples), 48.5 +/- 8.5 g (85 samples) and 11.0 +/- 2.7 cm (52 samples), respectively without any sex difference. The significant correlation were recognized between the weight of placenta and the body weight of newborn, between the length of umbilical cord and the body weight of newborn and between the weight of placenta and the length of umbical cord (P less than 0.01). PMID- 34524 TI - In vitro proliferation of haemopoietic cells in the presence of adherent cell layers. I. Culture conditions and strain dependence. AB - The culture system, in which a marrow-derived adherent cell population, established in vitro, exerts a long-term promoting influence on proliferation of haemopoietic cells, is reproduced. Essential parameters of the system are investigated; it is confirmed that the system is critically dependent on horse serum, and on the in vitro age of the adherent cell layer. The growth-promoting effect on haemopoietic cells seems to be independent of the number of marrow cells per culture flask initially inoculated into the cultures to establish the adherent cell layer. In vitro established marrow-derived adherent cell layers from RFM (H-2f) and BALB/c (H-2d) mice can promote the long-term proliferation of syngeneic and allogenic haemopoietic cells; haemopoietic marrow cells from C3H (H 2k) cannot be maintained on syngeneic or allogeneic (BALB/c, H-2d) adherent cell layers; adherent cell layers of C3H (H-2k) can maintain haemopoietic cells of the H-2d (BALB/c) genotype. This culture system does not reproduce the in vivo phenomenon of allogeneic resistance. The relevance of these findings to the suggestion that the growth-promoting activity of adherent marrow cells on haemopoietic stem cells in vitro duplicates aspects of the in vivo haemopoietic microenvironment is discussed. PMID- 34525 TI - Effect of sympathomimetic drugs and corresponding receptor antagonists on the rate of cerebrospinal fluid production. PMID- 34526 TI - Pharmacokinetics and availability of alclofenac in man after the administration of different pharmaceutical forms and doses. PMID- 34527 TI - [Effect of a parasympatholytic, prifinium bromide, on the response of the isolated rat stomach to vagal stimulation]. PMID- 34528 TI - [Effect of a parasympatholytic, prifinium bromide, on the response of the isolated rat stomach to transmural stimulation]. PMID- 34529 TI - ATP synthesis driven by a pH gradient imposed across the cell membranes of lipoic acid and unsaturated fatty acid auxotrophs of Escherichia coli. PMID- 34530 TI - Rapid purification of rat kidney brush borders enriched in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. PMID- 34531 TI - Differential phosphorylation of basic and acidic ribosomal proteins by protein kinases bound to membrane-free rat liver polysomes. PMID- 34532 TI - Peroxisomal oxidation of long chain fatty acids. PMID- 34533 TI - Induction of spermatogenesis in the naturally cryptorchid pig. AB - Abdominal testes of adult, naturally unilaterally cryptorchid boars were subjected to continuous artificial cooling for 5, 15, 25, or 45 days. This treatment initiated development of the spermatogenic epithelium. After a cooling period of 45 days there was complete differentiation in many seminiferous tubules. The results indicate that the spermatogenic arrest in abdominally located testes is not due to an inborn defect in the testis, but is caused by the maintenance of the testis at the abdominal temperature. PMID- 34535 TI - Post soldering: considerations and procedures. PMID- 34534 TI - [Welding in dental technology with a laser impulse apparatus]. PMID- 34536 TI - Pulling together for dentistry. PMID- 34537 TI - Plaque pH: a new frontier for the dental hygienist. PMID- 34538 TI - [Soldering of odontotechnic precision]. PMID- 34539 TI - Adenylate cyclase of guinea pig skeletal muscle sarcolemma: comparison of the properties of the enzyme with mg2+ and mn2+ as divalent cation cofactors. PMID- 34540 TI - Alkaline phosphatase from bovine mammary tissue: purification and some molecular and catalytic properties. PMID- 34541 TI - Molecular forms of alkaline phosphatase in bull seminal plasma--I. Isolation and characterization of two forms. PMID- 34542 TI - Protection of the integrity of polyribosomes against rabbit serum ribonuclease. PMID- 34543 TI - Fatty acid synyhesis and the activities of fatty acid synthesizing enzymes in rat adiposes tissue during pregnancy and lactation [proceedings]. PMID- 34544 TI - Transglutaminase-catalysed labelling of cytochrome c and cytochrome c oxidase [proceedings]. PMID- 34545 TI - Program. 39th Annual Meeting. American Diabetes Association. June 10--12, 1979. Los Angeles, California. Abstracts. PMID- 34547 TI - Ottawa meeting of provincial health/hospital associations. PMID- 34546 TI - Program on orthopaedic surgery: staff report. PMID- 34548 TI - Axoplasmic transport of noradrenaline in the sciatic nerves of spontaneously diabetic mice. AB - The intraaxonal transport of noradrenaline and tyrosine hydroxylase was studied in the sciatic nerves of diabetic, obese and appropriate control mice. Noradrenaline and tyrosine hydroxylase accumulated proximal to a constriction applied to the nerves. Noradrenaline concentration in the non-constricted sciatic nerves did not differ significantly in nondiabetic and diabetic mice (0.67 +/- 0.04 and 0.58 +/- 0.01 ng/cm respectively); in obese mice and lean littermates the noradrenaline concentration was 0.47 +/- 0.05 ng/cm and 0.46 +/- 0.01 ng/cm. After nine hours of constriction the concentration of noradrenaline increased in the axons of nondiabetic (1.15 +/- 0.06 ng/cm), in obese (0.90 +/- 0.08 ng/cm) and lean mice (1.10 +/- 0.07 ng/cm) but remained low (0.68 +/- 0.07 ng/cm) in diabetic mice.--Administration of insulin (10 U/kg/day) to diabetic mutants completely reversed the decrease in NA accumulation. NA accumulated only in the nerve segment proximal (1 cm) to a constriction and was transported distally at an apparent velocity of 0.75 mm/hr in control axons. The difference of NA accumulation between diabetic and nondiabetic control indicate a reduced rate of axoplasmic flow in the noradrenergic axons of diabetic animals. PMID- 34550 TI - Syrup of ipecac. PMID- 34549 TI - Insulin receptors in cultured mouse retinal cells. AB - The binding of 125I-insulin to uncloned and cloned cultures of mouse retinal cells has been investigated. At 15 degrees C, binding of the hormone reached a steady state by 60 min, while at 37 degrees C equilibrium was reached earlier but at a lower level than at 15 degrees C. Porcine insulin, porcine proinsulin and guinea pig insulin displaced labelled insulin in proportion to their known biological potency. A sharp pH dependence of the hormone binding was observed with an optimum at pH 7.8. The dissociation rate of the 125I-insulin was increased in the presence of unlabelled hormone, suggesting the existence of negative cooperatively in the insulin-receptor interaction. The availability of established retinal cell lines with insulin receptors should facilitate the study of the insulin-retina interactions in a controlled in vitro system. PMID- 34551 TI - [International Symposium on Intensive Care in hepatology and gastroenterology, Marseille, September 26, 27 & 28, 1977]. PMID- 34552 TI - An electron microscopic radioautographic identification of the "enterochromaffin like" APUD cells in murine oxyntic glands. Demonstration of a metabolic difference between rat and mouse gastric A-like cells. PMID- 34553 TI - Partial purification of a toxin found in hamsters with antibiotic-associated colitis. Reversible binding of the toxin by cholestyramine. AB - A toxin with cytotoxic and enterotoxic activities was isolated from cecal contents of hamsters receiving lincomycin. The toxin was partially purified by ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, and gel filtration. Cytotoxic activity, assayed on monolayers of HeLa cells, was restricted to material that eluted in the molecular weight range of 107,000 +/- 6,000 daltons. Cytotoxicity of crude AAC toxin could be demonstrated at concentrations as low as 0.04 microgram/ml. The toxin was heat labile (55 degrees 60 degrees C for 0.5 hr) and sensitive to trypsinization, acidification at pH 3, or alkalinization at pH 9. Cytotoxic activity was inhibited by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin. Enterotoxic activity of the crude toxin and the cytotoxic fraction from gel filtration was demonstrated by fluid secretion in ligated rabbit ileal loops. Studies were done in vitro with cholestyramine resin, vancomycin, or gentamicin to determine if the toxin was bound or denatured by these drugs. It was demonstrated that cholestyramine bound the toxin, significantly reducing its cytotoxicity. Reversible binding of the cytotoxic material was demonstrated by salt gradient elution. Neither vancomycin nor gentamicin had any effect on the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the toxin. PMID- 34554 TI - Release of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) by intraduodenal acidification in rats and humans and abolishment of the incretin effect of acid by GIP-antiserum in rats. AB - Intraduodenal infusion of 0.05-0.5 N hydrochloric acid dose-dependently increases serum levels of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in rats. Immunoreactive GIP released by duodenal acidification is biologically active because it augments the glucose-induced release of immunoreactive insulin (IRI). This augmentation of glucose-induced IRI release by intraduodenal acid can be abolished for 30 min by simultaneous intravenous infusion of GIP-antiserum. From this it is concluded that the initial capacity to augment the glucose-induced insulin release (incretin activity) of hydrochloric acid is due to its ability to release GIP. Later on, other gut factors with incretin activity might be released by hydrochloric acid. Also, in humans, intraduodenal infusion of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid releases GIP without changing serum levels of glucose or insulin. The GIP release is a direct effect of intraduodenal acid and is not mediated via secretin release. Injection of secretin in supraphysiologic doses does not change serum levels of immunoreactive GIP. However, such secretin injections induce a short-term insulin release and a decrease in serum glucose concentration. PMID- 34555 TI - Hepatocellular injury with distinctive mitochondrial changes induced by lergotrile mesylate: a dopaminergic ergot derivative. AB - Increased serum activities of the enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) occurred in 12 out of 19 patients with idiopathic parkinsonism when they were treated with the ergot derivative lergotrile at an oral dose varying from 50 to 150 mg daily. Hepatocellular injury was confirmed by microscopic examination of liver biopsies obtained from 3 of these patients when the serum activities of ALT and AST were appreciably elevated. Light microscopy revealed features of mild acute hepatocellular injury, and electron microscopy showed proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and apparently unique mitochondrial changes in hepatocytes. This is the first report of pathological changes in the liver associated with the therapeutic use of an ergot derivative. The presence of a potentially reactive cyanide group in the lergotrile molecule could be causally related to the observed hepatocellular injury. It is suggested that serum ALT and AST activities should be monitored carefully when the therapeutic potential of any new ergot derivative is assessed. PMID- 34556 TI - Crohn's disease of the colon. PMID- 34558 TI - Proceedings for the 11th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Branch of the International League against Epilepsy Nov. 4-5, 1977 at Hotel Lake Biwa, Shiga Prefecture. PMID- 34557 TI - Prostaglandins and ulcerative colitis, a warning. PMID- 34559 TI - Evidence for different forms of human chorionic gonadotropin receptor complex in pseudopregnant rat ovaries. AB - After in vivo application of [125 I]-iodo-hCG to pseudopregnant rats, radioactivity extracted from ovarian particulate fractions can be eluted from Sephadex G--200 columns in three various fractions (Vo, Kav = 0.15, Kav = 0.27) differing from hCG (Kav = 0.35). By lowering the pH 50% of the radioactivity is precipitated and the resuspended material shows a conversion to the smaller complexes. The supernatant material is dissociated to [125I]-iodo-hCG. In alkaline milieu [125I]-iodo-HCG is dissociated completely from the complexes. PMID- 34560 TI - A light and electron microscopic study of an ovarian and rectal carcinoid. AB - An ovarian and rectal carcinoid within the same person is described. The ovarian carcinoid is non-argentaffinic with typical regular granules. The rectal tumour consists of two types of APUD cells, some argentaffinic and diazo-positive, whilst others are non-argyrophilic. These features are mirrored ultrastructurally, some cells containing the large pleomorphic argentaffinic granules while others have smaller regular granules. In addition, focal aggregates of microfilaments were found in both tumour types. These findings are discussed in terms of the APUD concept. The similarities of the APUD tumour cells to D1 APUD cells of the duodenum is highlighted, and an alternative explanation for their derivation is proposed. PMID- 34561 TI - Teaching hospital forum considers solutions to rising health care costs. PMID- 34562 TI - Exposure therapy for phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorders. AB - When abnormal fears or excessively compulsive behavior begin to rule a person's life, the consequences can be devastating to both patient and family. But three quarters of cooperative patients can be restored to normal functioning through a form of therapy based on exposing the patient continually to the stimuli that evoke symptoms until they can be tolerated and the phobic or compulsive behavior dissipates. PMID- 34563 TI - Differential changes in phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine aminotransferase & tryptophan pyrrolase during hepatic regeneration. PMID- 34564 TI - Stimulation of beta-lactamase activity in Escherichia coli. PMID- 34565 TI - Isolation of Japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes collected in Bankura district (West Bengal) during October 1974 to December 1975. PMID- 34566 TI - Mosquito breeding and the natural parasitism of larvae by a fungus, Coelomomyces and a mermithid nematode, Romanomermis, in paddy fields in Pondicherry. PMID- 34567 TI - Synthetic competence and consent. Ought a defendant be drugged to stand trial? PMID- 34568 TI - Health effects of exposure to ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Report of a WHO conference in Sofia. PMID- 34569 TI - Oxidation of the sulfhydryl forms of insulin A-chain and B-chain. AB - A modified procedure for the preparation of the S-sulfonates of the A- and B chains of insulin and their conversion to the sulfhydryl forms by tri-n butylphosphine is described. Air oxidation of the sulfhydryl forms of the A-chain in dilute solution (0.2 mg/ml) either in the presence or absence of urea at pH 9.0 yields primarily monomeric, intrachain disulfides. Similar treatment of the reduced B-chain yield monomeric, intrachain disulfide in 7 M urea but a large number of oligomeric, interchain disulfides in the absence of urea. Electrolytic reduction of insulin in 7 M urea of pH 8.5, followed by oxidation of the sulfhydryls in dilute solution in 7 M urea at pH 9.0 yields primarily a mixture of the monomeric, intrachain disulfides of the A-chain and of the B-chain which can be separated by chromatography on Sp-Sephadex in acidic urea. The rate of the oxidation of the sulfhydryls of the two separate chains was much slower and less complete than that reported for the two chains crosslinked by the carbonylbismethionyl residue. PMID- 34570 TI - Microheterogeneity of human kininogen by isoelectric focusing and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AB - LMW kininogen was isolated from whole human plasma by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 (Kav 0.34) followed by DEAE-chromatography according to earlier established methods. Further purification was performed with specific Sepharose-antibody columns to remove protein contaminants, avoiding procedures which may denature kininogen. The microheterogeneity was investigated by isoelectric focusing in column in the pH-gradients 3.5-10, 4-6 and 3.5-5. Kininogen components were determined by single radial immunodiffusion against monospecific anti-human kininogen serum, in comparison with focusing of whole plasma. 40% of isolated as well as whole plasma kininogen focused at pI 4.5; the respective focusing ranges were pI 4.4-4.7 (60--80%) and pI 4.3-4.6 (92%). The results were verified by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The pI 4.5 component is apparently the main native form of human kininogen as shown by focusing of whole human blood bank plasma. Earlier described difficulty of separating kininogen and alpha2HS-glycoprotein was verified by crossed immunoelectrophoresis which showed approximately seven kininogen components after focusing in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pI 4.5-5.0 and four alpha 2HS components at pI 4.2-4.6. PMID- 34571 TI - Maleylation and pH-dependence of Streptomyces griseus protease B. AB - The enzymatic activity of Streptomyces griseus protease B (SGPB) was measured over pH range 8.4--11.5 using a specific new, chromophoric substrate N-succinyl glycyl-glycyl-L-phenylalanine p-nitroanilide. It was found that the activity is dependent on ionization of a single group with apparent pK = 10.84, possibly lysine-125. Maleylation of the epsilon-amino group of this lysine was linearily associated with the loss of enzymatic activity. It is therefore suggested that the electrostatic interaction between the side chain of lysine-125 and the alpha carboxyl group of the C-terminal tyrosine is crucial to the active conformation of the enzyme. In contrast the maleylation of the alpha-amino group of the N terminal isoleucine was rapid but could not be correlated to the loss of activity. PMID- 34572 TI - pH dependence of the circular dichroic bands of phenylmethanesulfonyl mesentericopeptidase. AB - The effect of pH on the circular dichroism spectra of phenylmethanesulfonyl mesentericopeptidase (peptidyl peptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.21) was studied. The ellipticity of the bands below 250 nm, which reflects the backbone conformation of the protein molecule, remains almost unchanged in the pH range 6.2--10.4. However, below pH 6.2 and above pH 10.4 a conformational transition occurs. The pH-dependent changes above 250 nm were also studied. The titration of the CD band at 296 nm reflects the ionization of the "exposed" tyrosines, which phenolic groups are fully accessible to the solvent. An apparent pK of 9.9 is calculated from the titration curve. It is concluded that ionization of the tyrosyl residues with normal pK's is complete before conformational changes in the protein molecule occur. PMID- 34573 TI - Kinetic studies on human cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase. AB - The detailed pH and temperature kinetics of human term placenta cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.16) were studied. The ATP-PPi exchange reaction catalyzed by the cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase was highly dependent on temperature, pH, and ionic strength. The Arrhenius plot at temperatures between 5 degrees and 40 degrees was linear, giving an activation energy of 19 +/- 2.5 Kcal/mol. The pH dependence of the kinetic parameters Km and Vmax was investigated. Apparent pKa value of 6.4 was observed in the pH-dependence of Vmax/Km plot. The pH versus Vmax plot showed two apparent pKa values of about 5.8 and 7.8. Van't Hoff's enthalpies were used to differentiate the nature of the possible groups responsible for the ionization. These results are valuable for the selection of chemical modifying reagents in characterizing the amino acid residues involved in substrate (nucleotide) binding or catalysis. PMID- 34574 TI - Netherlands Radiobiological Society and Association for Radiation Research. Abstracts of papers presented at the joint meeting held from 8 to 10 May 1978 at the Netherlands Energy Research Foundation, Petten, The Netherlands. PMID- 34575 TI - The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Incorporated. Annual spring meeting, Sarasota, Florida, April 30-May 4, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 34576 TI - The pH tolerance of rabbit and human corneal endothelium. AB - The endotheliums of rabbit corneas were perfused in an in vitro perfusion specular microscope up to 3 hr with solutions varying in pH from 3.5 to 10.0. Corneal thickness was monitored throughout the experiment, and at appropriate times the corneas were prepared for SEM and TEM. Analysis of the corneal thickness data and interpretation of the electron micrographs reveals that outside of the pH range of 6.5 to 8.5, structural and functional alterations occur. Direct cellular damage, as well as disruption of junctional complexes, lead to a breakdown in the barrier function of the corneal endothelium. The extent of this breakdown is dependent upon both the magnitude of the pH change and the exposure time. Further experiments on banked human eyes support this finding. PMID- 34577 TI - Attachment of bacteria to exfoliated cells from the urogenital tract. AB - To establish urogenital infections, organisms must adhere to the mucosal lining. A differential adherence capacity among various bacterial species was observed when exfoliated urethral and urothelial cells were tested in an in vitro system. No difference in the adherence capacity of a particular species was observed when tested with exfoliated cells obtained from voided urine from different healthy individuals of the same sex. Escherichia coli harvested directly from urine specimens of patients with significant bacteriuria showed a significantly higher capacity to adhere than when obtained from the primary isolation plate. Staphylococcus saprophyticus adhered significantly better to urothelial cells than did Staphylococcus epidermidis. Adherence did not differ when the tests were performed in ultrafiltrated, infected and noninfected urine. Variations of the osmolality did not influence the adherence rate of E. coli. Gonococci showed an increased capacity to adhere when tested in urine of increasing acidity. Gonococci producing T1 colonies adhered by significantly higher numbers per cell than such bacteria producing T4 colonies. PMID- 34578 TI - Rapid screening for urease inhibitors. AB - Two methods are described that are suitable for the rapid screening of compounds as urease inhibitors. The first utilizes an electrode sensitive to NH4+ ions; the second is dependent on pH rise. A feature of both is a direct readout of reaction rate. PMID- 34579 TI - Observations on the gubernaculum during descent of the testis. AB - The mechanisms that influence the descent of the testis are not clearly understood. The gubernaculum is a structure worthy of scrutiny inasmuch as it is conspicuous during descent, but virtually disappears after descent is complete. Early in gestation, the rat gubernacular bulb consists of loose mesenchymal cells that develop into fibrillar cells. These later thicken into rhabdomyoblasts that, near the end of gestation, differentiate into spiral striated muscle bundles, and eventually migrate outward into the abdominal/scrotal wall. The rhabdomyoblasts of the female gubernaculum do not differentiate further but rather undergo fatty degeneration. It is possible that spiral contractions of the attached gubernaculum produce tension on the testis and induce descent. The gubernaculum as the receptor organ for testicular descent may be responsive to local testicular hormones. Likely candidates are testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or Mullerian Inhibiting Substance. A thorough knowledge of the sequential differentiation of the gubernaculum during embryonic development sets the stage for the study of its response to hormonal manipulation both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 34580 TI - Some properties of RNA polymerases of different influenza viruses. AB - The transcriptases of several influenza viruses were tested for pH and temperature dependence and for thermal stability. Marked differences in pH dependence and thermostability were determined. PMID- 34581 TI - Human genetic variation in response to medical and environmental agents: pharmacogenetics and ecogenetics. International Titisee Conference Schwarzwald Hotel, Titisee, Black Forest, Federal Republic of Germany October 13th-15th, 1977. PMID- 34582 TI - Non-routine extractions in orthodontic treatment. AB - A four-unit symmetrical premolar extraction case demands meticulous levelling, overjet reduction, space closure, rotating, paralleling and torqueing to justify the gambit of having extracted the teeth at the commencement of treatment. This involves the patient in complex therapy which may, for any of several reasons, be contra-indicated for that particular patient, though a decision based on the plaster casts alone may have upheld such an approach. The purpose of this article is to discourage automatic decisions to extract first premolars in orthodontic extraction cases. The clinician is offered a classification of special cases in which an alternative should be sought, based on careful consideration of the general dental, facial, physical, psychological and economic state of the patient. PMID- 34583 TI - International workshop on enzyme engineering, Poona, India, 2-6 October 1975: proceedings. PMID- 34584 TI - The pH dependence of borohydride as an aldehyde reductant. AB - The aldehyde-reducing capacity of borohydride has been investigated in the sequence periodic acid-borohydride-periodic acid-Schiff and variants. Densitometric studies on rat colonic mucins show that borohydride incompletely blocks periodate-engendered aldehydes unless the pH is above 8.2. Below this value, some aldehydes are not reduced and continue to be Schiff-stainable, while others are subsequently gerenated by the second exposure to periodic acid. The effect is more pronounced in paraffin than in cryostat sections, but does not apply to human colonic mucins. PMID- 34585 TI - A quantitative cytochemical method for the demonstration of delta5,3beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in unfixed tissue sections of rat ovary. AB - A method for the quantitative measurement of delta5,3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in unfixed tissue sections of rat ovary has been described. The method depends on the oxidation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and uses nitroblue tetrazolium as the final electron acceptor. Although the dehydrogenase is not a soluble enzyme, polyvinyl alcohol is included in the reaction medium to allow the use of a high substrate concentration whilst employing a low concentration (5%) of dimethyl formamide. The enzyme is equally dependent on NAD+ or NADP+ for its activity and this activity is significantly enhanced by the presence of cyanide. The NADP+ dependence is not abolished by inhibiting nonspecific alkaline phomonoesterase. The activity of delta5,3beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is completely dependent on a functional sulphydryl group. Furthermore, the enzyme activity is totally inhibited in the presence of a steroid substrate analogue at 10(-4) M. PMID- 34586 TI - Changes in ATPase and SDH reactions of the rat extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibres after preincubations at different pH. AB - The dependence of adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) histochemical reactions on the pH of the preincubation medium was studied in serial cross sections of 1- to 6-month-old rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles. The use of a wide spectrum of pH values confirmed the previous results showing that: (1) according to their ATPase and SDH reactions 3 types of extrafusal muscle fibres, i.e., fast-twitch glycolytic (FG), fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FOG) and slow-twitch oxidative (SO) and 3 types of intrafusal muscle fibres, i.e. typical and intermediate nuclear bag fibres and nuclear chain fibres were observed; (2) only acid preincubation (pH 4.35) is necessary to demonstrate the reversal of the ATPase reaction; while (3) alkali preincubation (pH 10.4) does not provide any new important information as compared with ATPase without preincubation. Furthermore, it was shown that: (4) fast-twitch muscle fibres exhibited high ATPase activity on preincubations at pH 4.9 to 10.4, slow-twitch fibres had very high ATPase activity on preincubation at pH 4.3 and 4.5; (5) after preincubation at pH 4.5 two types of FOG fibres were observed, differing in their ATPase activity; (6) in both muscles there were fibres with intermediate ATPase activity both after acid and/or alkali preincubations; (7) the intrafusal muscle fibres exhibited some specific characteristics when compared with extrafusal fibres. In contrast to the ATPase reactions, SDH activity was decreased equally, in both extra- and intrafusal fibres, with increasing acidity and alkality of the preincubation medium. PMID- 34587 TI - [Problems in the delimitation between acute and chronic otitis media (proceedings)]. PMID- 34588 TI - Designing a curriculum model. PMID- 34589 TI - Student learning and a computer-assisted instructional program. PMID- 34590 TI - An objective method of assessing physical examination skills of nurse practitioners. PMID- 34591 TI - Primary nursing: implications for curriculum development. PMID- 34592 TI - Guided design systems approach in nursing education. PMID- 34593 TI - Evaluation: the graffiti technique. PMID- 34594 TI - Reading skills versus success in nursing school. PMID- 34595 TI - Sulphamethizole in urinary tract infections. PMID- 34596 TI - Pepstatin-insenstive acid proteases from Scytalidium lignicolum. Kinetic study with synthetic peptides. AB - A kinetic study was conducted on the acid proteases A-1 and A-2 from Scytalidium lignicolum using synthetic peptides as substrates. Almost maximum activity was attained with N-acylated tetrapeptides as the molecular size of substrates was increased. Suitable amino acid residues were required at the P1-P2 and P1'-P2' positions [notation of Schechter and Berger (14)]. Hydrophobic or bulky residues such as leucine were specifically required at the P1 and P1' positions, with the specificity at the latter position being considerably lower than that at the former. For catalysis, the presence of certain amino acid residues at the P2 and P2' positions was essential, mainly in relation to kcat. An inhibition study supported this view. Stringent stereospecificity was observed at the P2 and P2' positions, but the side chain specificity was low. Study of the B enzyme from the same organism was very difficult owing to its low activity against the peptides used. The Scytalidium acid proteases A-1, A-2, and B showed considerably different behavior against peptide substrates in comparison with usual acid proteases, which are senstive to pepstatin. PMID- 34597 TI - Differences of affinity and energetics of the active transport systems for amino acids in Chang liver cells. AB - The plasma membrane of Chang liver cells was shown to have at least two distinct active transport systems, one with preferential affinity for glycine and one for leucine. The uptakes of glycine and leucine were specificially inhibited by Me AIB and b-BCH, respectively. The uptake of glycine decreased remarkably within 10 min on incubation with DNP (2 mM), KCN (5 mM), and malonate (20 mM) under aerobic conditions, along with a decrease of cellular ATP concentration to as low as 1/4 of normal, while the uptake of leucine was not depressed under these conditions. Leucine uptake was, however, greatly reduced within 10 min on incubation with DNP plus ICH2CONH2 (5 mM), when the cellular ATP was estimated at about 0.066 mM. The active transport of leucine, but not that of glycine, was accompanied by further acidification of the intracellular fluid, which was lower in pH than the extracellular fluid by approximately 0.3 unit without addition of amino acid to the medium. PMID- 34598 TI - Characterization of the purified NADPH-flavin reductase of human erythrocytes. PMID- 34599 TI - Pterin deaminase from Bacillus megaterium. Purification and properties. AB - A pterin deaminase catalyzing the hydrolytic deamination of various pteridines was found in the bacterium, Bacillus megaterium, and partially purified from bacterial extract. The specific activity was raised 90-fold over that of the crude extract. The pH optimum is around 7.3, and the Km value for 6-carboxypterin is 1.3 mM. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated by gel filtration to be about 110,000. The enzyme deaminated pterin, 6-carboxypterin, biopterin, 6 methylpterin, 7-methylpterin, xanthopterin, 6-hydroxymethylpterin, sepiapterin, isosepiapterin, folic acid, and 6,7-dimethylpterin to their corresponding lumazines, whereas guanine, 7-carboxypterin, leucopterin, isoxanthopterin, and 6 methylisoxanthopterin did not serve as substrates. The enzyme was inhibited by PCMB and 8-azaguanine. PMID- 34600 TI - Studies on the delta 5-desaturation in ergosterol biosynthesis in yeast. AB - Studies were carried out on the delta 5-desaturation reaction in ergosterol biosynthesis with a particulate fraction of cell-free extract of yeast. A reduced pyridine nucleotide coenzyme and molecular oxygen were required for the reaction. It was shown that the enzyme activity is located in a fraction corresponding to microsomes. The reaction was inhibited by KCN, but not by CO. Menadione and potassium ferricyanide inhibited the NADPH- and NADH-dependent reactions, respectively, and cytochrome c inhibited both of them. These results suggested an involvement in delta 5-desaturation of a mixed function oxidase system resembling that for the fatty acyl-CoA desaturation reaction. PMID- 34601 TI - Inhibitory effects of nucleoside triphosphates on nucleolar RNA synthesis. AB - Studies on the effects of substrates on RNA polymerase I [EC 2.7.7.6] in vitro showed that nucleolar RNA synthesis was inhibited by an excess of substrate nucleoside triphosphates in the presence of Mg2+. GTP and UTP were more inhibitory than CTP and ATP. These compounds specfically inhibited nucleolar RNA synthesis and a concentration of GTP that strongly inhibited nucleolar RNA synthesis did not inhibit RNA synthesis by partially purified RNA polymerase I. The inhibition of nucleolar RNA synthesis disappeared at pH 9.0 without any change in the apparent Km for GTP or the Vmax of RNA synthesis. PMID- 34602 TI - Studies of chemically modified histidine residues of proteins by carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Reaction of hen egg white lysozyme with iodoacetate. AB - It is shown that natural abundance 13C NMR spectroscopy can be used to determine the structures and relative amounts of chemically modified forms of a histidine residue of a peptide or protein. The unfractionated product of the reaction of N alpha-acetyl-L-histidine with bromoacetate yields four resonances of nonprotonated aromatic carbons. These resonances are assigned (on a one-to-one basis) to C gamma of the intact amino acid, the two monocarboxymethylated derivatives (at N delta1 and N epsilon2), and the dicarboxymethylated derivative. The effect of pH on the chemical shift of C gamma is characteristic for each of the four species. This property is used to study the carboxymethylation of His-15 of hen egg white lysozyme upon treatment with iodoacetate. With the use of various reaction conditions, His 15 is carboxymethylated in detectable quantities only at N epsilon2. The spectra of the various reaction mixtures indicate which conditions are best for maximizing the yield of this derivative. A comparison of the spectrum of chromatographically pure [N epsilon2-carboxymethylhistidine 15]lysozyme with that of the intact protein indicates that the chemical modification does not significantly affect the conformation of the protein (at least in the regions of all aromatic amino acid residues). PMID- 34603 TI - Identification of residues involved in the binding of hemoglobin alpha chains to haptoglobin. PMID- 34604 TI - Pseudosubstrates of the sarcoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase as tools to study the coupling between substrate hydrolysis and Ca2+ transport. PMID- 34605 TI - Kinetic studies on the cooperative ligand binding by hemoglobin M Milwaukee. PMID- 34606 TI - The phosphorus/oxygen ratio of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. AB - The transport of ATP out of mitochondria and uptake of ADP and Pi into the matrix are coupled to the uptake of one proton (Klingenberg, M., and Rottenberg, H. (1977) Eur. J. Biochem. 73, 125--130). According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis of oxidative phosphorylation this coupling of nucleotide and Pi transport to proton transport implies that the P/O ratio for the synthesis and transport of ATP to the external medium is less than the P/O ratio for the synthesis of ATP inside mitochondria. A survey of previous determinations of the P/O ratio of intact mitochondria showed little convincing evidence in support of the currently accepted values of 3 with NADH-linked substrates and 2 with succinate. We have measured P/O ratios in rat liver mitochondria by the ADP pulse method and by 32 Pi esterification, measuring oxygen uptake with an oxygen electrode, and find values close to 2 with beta-hydroxybutyrate as substrate and 1.3 with succinate as substrate in the presence of rotenone to inhibit NADH oxidation. These values were largely independent of pH, temperature, Mg2+ ion concentration, Pi concentration, ADP pulse size, or amount of mitochondria used. We suggest that these are the true values of the P/O ratio for ATP synthesis and transport by mitochondria, and that previously reported higher values resulted from errors in the determination of oxygen uptake and the use of substrates which lead to ATP synthesis by succinate thiokinase. PMID- 34607 TI - N-hydroxyamino acids. Irreversible inhibitors of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzymes and substrates of D- and L-amino acid oxidases. PMID- 34608 TI - Adrenodoxin reductase.adrenodoxin complex. Flavin to iron-sulfur electron transfer as the rate-limiting step in the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase reaction. PMID- 34609 TI - Interaction of cholesteryl ester exchange protein with human plasma lipoproteins and phospholipid vesicles. PMID- 34610 TI - Characterization of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase from rat liver. PMID- 34611 TI - Modulation of the hydrolysis, transfer, and glutaminase activities of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase by maleate bound at the cysteinylglycine binding site of the enzyme. PMID- 34612 TI - Interaction of lactoperoxidase with thiols and diiodotyrosine. AB - Glutathione and cysteine bind to the heme of lactoperoxidase, thereby causing a red shift of the Soret band which is reversed upon addition of iodide or guaiacol, two substrates for lactoperoxidase. The rate of formation of the enzyme thiol complex is enhanced by diiodotyrosine. Binding of diiodotyrosine to lactoperoxidase does not cause a shift of the Soret band which indicates binding to the protein of the enzyme. At neutral pH and low ionic strength, lactoperoxidase is adsorbed on insolubilized diiodotyrosine (diiodotyrosine agarose). It can be eluted at slightly increased ionic strength which shows that the binding is weak. In the presence of 5 X 10(-4) M glutathione, however, the binding of the enzyme to diiodotyrosine-agarose becomes much stronger so that a high salt concentration is required for elution. Lactoperoxidase is also adsorbed on insolubilized thiols (thiol-agarose). The presence of diiodotyrosine is not required for strong binding. A simple method for the preparation of lactoperoxidase from milk by affinity chromatography is based on the interactions of the enzyme with the two ligands, thiols and diiodotyrosine. PMID- 34613 TI - Some properties of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase after limited proteolysis by subtilisin. AB - Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase is inactivated by subtilisin. Protection against inactivation is afforded by glutamine and ammonium ions. One large fragment (Mr = 35,000) is identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and carries adenylylation site. Smaller quantities of two other fragments (Mr = 17,000 and 15,000, respectively) are als observed oo observed on the gel. tthe nicked protein remains dodecameric, as evidenced by electrophoresis and centrifugation. It has retained the binding properties toward ADP and Ci bacron blue and undergoes conformation changes upon binding, as does the intact protein. It is recognized by the antiserum raised against the native enzyme. The nicked protein also remains an excellent substrate of E. coli adenylyltransferase. PMID- 34614 TI - Limited proteolysis of glutamine synthetase is inhibited by glutamate and by feedback inhibitors. AB - Limited proteolysis of glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli has been studied under nondenaturing conditions (pH 7.6, 20 degrees C). Trypsin cleaves the polypeptide chain of glutamine synthetase into two principal fragments, Mr = about 32,000 and 18,000. The covalently bound AMP group is attached to the larger fragment and its presence does not affect cleavage. Although the cleaved polypeptide chain does not dissociate under nondenaturing conditions, catalytic activity is lost. Chymotrypsin and Staphylococcus aureus protease produce similar cleavages in glutamine synthetase. The substrate L-glutamate retards tryptic as well as chymotryptic digestion. Tryptic digestion is also retarded by some of the feedback inhibitors of glutamine synthetase including CTP, L-alanine, L-serine, L histidine, and glucosamine 6-phosphate. An implication of these findings is that there is a region of the glutamine synthetase polypeptide chain that is particularly susceptible to proteolysis. Either the glutamate and inhibitor sites are formed partly by this suceptible peptide or the binding of glutamate and some inhibitors induces conformational changes within the E. coli glutamine synthetase molecule in the region of the susceptible peptide. PMID- 34615 TI - Influence of phospholipids and their hydrolytic products on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. PMID- 34616 TI - Oxidation of horseradish peroxidase compound II to compound I. AB - In the reaction between equimolar amounts of horseradish peroxidase and chlorite, the native enzyme is oxidized directly to Compound II (Hewson, W.D., and Hager, L.P. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3175-3181). At acidic pH but not at alkaline values, this initial reaction is followed by oxidation of Compound II to Compound I. The highly pH-dependent chemistry of Compound II can be readily demonstrated by the reduction of Compound I, with ferrocyanide at acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH values. Titration at low pH yields very little Compound II, whereas at high pH, the yield is quantitative. Similarly, the reaction of horseradish peroxidase and chlorite at low pH yields Compound I while only Compound II is formed at high pH. At intermediate pH values both the ferrocyanide reduction and the chlorite reaction produce intermediate yields of Compound II. This behavior is explained in terms of acidic and basic forms of Compound II. The acidic form is reactive and unstable relative to the basic form. Compound II can be readily oxidized to Compound I by either chloride or chlorine dioxide in acidic solution. The oxidation does not occur in alkaline solution, nor will hydrogen peroxide cause the oxidation of Compound II, even at low pH. PMID- 34617 TI - The mechanism of the skeletal muscle myosin ATPase. III. Relationship of the H+ release and the protein absorbance change induced by ATP to the initial Pi burst. AB - Several phenomena are associated with the binding of ATP to myosin: 1) a fluorescence enhancement, 2) a release of H+, and 3) a protein absorbance change. In the accompanying paper (Chock, S. P., Chock, P. B., and Eisenberg, E. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3236-3243), it was demonstrated that the fluorescence enhancement is mainly caused by the hydrolysis of ATP in the initial Pi burst rather than by the conformational change induced by the irreversible binding of ATP. In the present study, the cause of the H+ release and the protein absorbance change were investigated. The results show that like the rate of the fluorescence enhancement the rates of the H+ release and the protein absorbance change level off at high ATP concentration at a much lower rate than the rate of irreversible ATP binding. Furthermore, under all conditions tested, the rates of the H+ release and the protein absorbance change are equal to the rate of the initial Pi burst. Therefore, like the fluorescence enhancement, most of the H+ release and the protein absorbance change are associated with the initial Pi burst rather than the binding of ATP. PMID- 34618 TI - Hemoglobins of the tadpole of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. pH dependence of ligand binding and subunit dissociation equilibria and kinetics. PMID- 34619 TI - Properties of mutants of Escherichia coli lacking malic dehydrogenase and their revertants. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli lacking malic dehydrogenase activity (mdh) were incapable of growth on acetate", succinate- or malate/mineral medium. Revertants of mdh strains which had regained the ability to grow on C4-dicarboxylic acids could be divided into two distinct classes. One type of revertant had regained the ability to synthesize functional malic dehydrogenase. The other type of revertant still lacked malic dehydrogenase activity but possessed a suppressor mutation which altered the regulation of the synthesis or activity of the C4 dicarboxylic acid transport system, resulting in increased C4-dicarboxylic acid transport activity. This latter class of revertants apparently synthesized oxalacetate from malate via the sequential actions of the NAD-linked malic enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. Evidence has been presented that is consistent with the hypothesis that oxalacetate is the inducer of the C4-dicarboxylic acid transport system. The inability of mutants lacking malic dehydrogenase to grow with a C4-dicarboxylic acid as the carbon source can be attributed to the difficulty such mutants have in synthesizing oxalacetate. PMID- 34620 TI - Glutathione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides. Characterization of the enzymatic mechanism of Escherichia coli glutaredoxin. PMID- 34621 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of dibenzepine and its basic metabolites in biological material. PMID- 34622 TI - Comparison of staphylococcal coagglutination, latex agglutination, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis for bacterial antigen detection. AB - Soluble antigens of Haemophilus influenzae type b, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and group B streptococcus were looked for in cerebrospinal fluid, serum, and urine by using the staphylococcal coagglutination test, latex agglutination test, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The staphylococcal coaggultination and latex agglutination tests were more sensitive than counterimmunoelectrophoresis in identifying antigens of H. influenzae type b, S. pneumoniae, and N. meningitidis. None of the three tests successfully detected group B streptococcal antigens in body fluids. Nonspecific reactions noted with the staphylococcal coagglutination test could be usually eliminated after premixing test specimens with soluble protein A. PMID- 34623 TI - Evaluation of blood culture procedures in a pediatric hospital. AB - To determine optimal clinical laboratory techniques for detecting pediatric bacteremia, we studied 7,768 consecutive blood cultures in a 1-year period. Blood was inoculated into one vented 50-ml bottle of brucella broth with 0.05% sodium polyanetholsulfonate and one unvented 50-ml bottle of Columbia broth with 0.05% sodium polyanetholsulfonate and 0.05% cysteine. Bottles were visually examined for growth on days 1 through 7 and blindly subcultured aerobically and anaerobically on days 1, 2, and 7. There were 724 (9.3%) positive cultures, and 484 (6.2%) were clinically significant. The most frequent isolates from bacteremic patients were Haemophilus influenzae (24%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (17%). Growth was noted in only one bottle in 25% of clinically significant isolates. Bottles inoculated with greater than or equal to 1 ml of blood became positive earlier than bottles inoculated with less than 1 ml. After 1 day of incubation, 48% of the clinically significant cultures showed growth on visual examination, whereas 85% showed growth on subculture. Only 19% of Haemophilus isolates were detected visually on day 1, whereas 88% were recovered on subculture. By day 7, 3.5% of all isolates (including 18% of pneumococcal isolates and 1% of Haemophilus isolates) could no longer be recovered on subculture. We conclude that a two-bottle blood culture system and blind subculture within 24 h will optimize detection of pediatric bacteremia. PMID- 34624 TI - Chromogenic cephalosporin spot test to detect beta-lactamase in clinically significant bacteria. AB - lactamase production. Reacteroides melaniongenicus, 14 PMID- 34625 TI - Modification of the bile solubility test for rapid identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - A modified bile solubility test is described which can be used to presumptively identify Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered in blood culture. PMID- 34626 TI - Characterization of the molecular defect in infantile and adult acid alpha glucosidase deficiency fibroblasts. AB - Different clinical expressions of acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency have been described. The present study was undertaken to investigate the basic metabolic defect in the infantile and adult forms of the disease. Acid alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) was purified from normal and from adult acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency fibroblasts. The pH optimum; Michaelis constant; electrophoretic mobility in starch; thermal denaturation at pH 4.0 and 7.0; and inhibition by turanose, alpha-methylglucoside and trehalose were the same in purified enzyme from normal and mutant cells. Placental acid alpha-glucosidase was purified to, or near, homogeneity. Monospecific antibodies raised against the enzyme in each of three enzyme peaks obtained from the last purification step were found to cross-react with the enzyme of all three peaks, and with purified, normal fibroblast enzyme. Cross-reacting material (CRM) also was identified in fibroblast lysates from normal subjects and from both forms of acid alpha glucosidase deficiency. The amount of CRM in the adult form appeared to be significantly less than in normal cells or cells from the infantile form. Enzyme activity was demonstrated in the immune complexes of the normal and adult acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency fibroblasts, but not of the infantile form. Competition for antibody binding sites was observed between normal and both types of mutant enzymes. The findings indicate that this case of infantile acid alpha glucosidase deficiency is the result of a structural gene mutation which causes the synthesis of a catalytically inactive (CRM-positive) enzyme protein. It appears that in the adult form, the mutation causes a reduction in the amount of the enzyme protein present in the cells. PMID- 34627 TI - Adrenergic modulation of pancreatic A, B, and D cells alpha-Adrenergic suppression and beta-adrenergic stimulation of somatostatin secretion, alpha adrenergic stimulation of glucagon secretion in the perfused dog pancreas. AB - The effects of adrenergic substances on pancreatic insular secretions were studied in a completely isolated canine pancreas with exclusion of the duodenum from the perfusion circuit. To ensure adequate blockade, blockers were infused before agonists. A dose range of beta-receptor blockade was tested, and putative alpha-adrenergic effects were confirmed by combined alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blockade.beta-Adrenergic agonism (2 ng/ml isoproterenol) induced a mean integrated increase of 79+/-20% in somatostatin secretion, whereas glucagon and insulin secretion were increased by 185+/-45 and 495+/-146%, respectively. The stimulations of D, A, and B cells were abolished by propranolol.alpha-Adrenergic agonism (10 ng/ml epinephrine) after beta-adrenergic blockade) moderately decreased somatostatin (-37+/-7%) secretion, moderately increased glucagon (91+/ 19%), and markedly decreased insulin (-85+/-3%) release. Similar effects on D-, A , and B-cell secretion were induced with 2 ng/ml epinephrine or 10 ng/ml norepinephrine after beta-adrenergic blockade. The alpha-adrenergic effects on the D and A cell were abolished by either phentolamine or by phenoxybenzamine. This study showed that there are indeed alpha-adrenergic receptors on A cells and that the secretion of glucagon, a "stress" hormone, was stimulated either by alpha- or beta-adrenergic receptor agonism. D-cell secretion, like that of the B cell, was inhibited by alpha-adrenergic agonism and was stimulated by beta adrenergic agonism. However, beta-adrenergic-induced changes in D-cell secretion were smaller in magnitude than those of B-cell secretion. PMID- 34628 TI - Some effects of the administration of endotoxin in mice. Specific cleavage of serum albumin by an acid protease and the generation of amyloid serum component. AB - Endotoxin has been shown to induce amyloidosis in mice and to result in the appearance in serum of large amounts of amyloidrelated protein (SAA). After injection of 300 mug lipopolysaccharide Escherichia coli, SAA behaves as an acute phase reactant with levels reaching a peak of >600 mug/ml at 18-22 h and returning to base line (<50 mug/ml) by 48 h in each of four strains tested; only the endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ strain showed a smaller response. Lesser, though significant, elevations were also found after subcutaneous injection of 25 mg of casein, bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, or monomeric immunoglobulin G, whereas pyrogen-free human serum albumin/U. S. Pharmacopeia failed to raise SAA levels. SAA generation may thus be a result of endotoxin contamination of these protein preparations. Also present in equivalent amounts in acidified serum from endotoxin-treated mice, but barely detectable in control sera, was a 3,000-dalton molecule whose amino acid sequence is identical to the amino terminal 24 residues of mouse albumin. The appearance of SAA and the amino terminal albumin fragment after endotoxin were unaffected by pretreatment with cobra venom factor, and equivalent levels were found in C5-deficient mice. Pretreatment with pepstatin in vivo, or before acidification in vitro, prevented the appearance of the albumin fragment but had no effect on the appearance of SAA, whereas leupeptin and antipain did not affect the appearance of either SAA or the albumin fragment. These studies suggest that the generation of SAA after endotoxin administration does not involve complement activation or intravascular proteolytic activity, whereas the liberation of a specific peptic-like cleavage product of albumin appears to be the consequence of an acid protease. PMID- 34629 TI - Dopamine during alpha- or beta-adrenergic blockade in man. Hormonal, metabolic, and cardiovascular effects. AB - We studied the contribution of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor activation to the cardiovascular, metabolic, and hormonal effects of dopamine. At a concentration of 1.5 mug/kg.min, the infusion of dopamine in 12 normal volunteers was associated with a transient but significant rise in pulse rate, which was prevented by propranolol. Venous plasma glucose did not change throughout the experiments, and a mild increase in plasma free fatty acid levels observed during the administration of dopamine alone was antagonized by propranolol. In contrast, neither the beta-adrenergic blocker, propranolol, nor the alpha-adrenergic blocker, phentolamine, was effective in inhibiting the dopamine-induced rise in plasma glucagon (from 82+/-9 to 128+/-14 pg/ml; P < 0.005) and serum insulin (from 7.5+/-1 to 13+/-1.5 muU/ml; P < 0.005) or its suppression of plasma prolactin (from 8.5+/-1 to 5.2+/-0.8 ng/ml; P < 0.001). Although serum growth hormone levels did not change during the infusion of dopamine alone, an obvious rise occurred in three subjects during the combined infusion of propranolol and dopamine. Whereas some metabolic and cardiovascular effects of dopamine are mediated through adrenergic mechanisms, these observations indicate that this is not the case for the effects of this catecholamine on glucagon, insulin, and prolactin secretion, and thus provide further support for the theory of a specific dopaminergic sensitivity of these hormonal systems in man. PMID- 34630 TI - Resistance to the phosphaturic and calcemic actions of parathyroid hormone during phosphate depletion. Prevention by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. AB - Recent observations indicate that in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats fed a low (0.2 g/100 g) phosphorus diet, the tubular phosphaturic response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) remains markedly blunted even when it is assessed at normal or high plasma concentration and filtered load of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Because 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25(OH)(2)D(3)] decreases the tubular capacity to reabsorb Pi when chronically administered to TPTX rats, we have studied whether this vitamin D(3) metabolite could specifically increase the phosphaturic response to PTH in phosphate-deprived animals. The results show that in Vitamin D-replete TPTX rats fed a low (0.2 g/100 g) phosphorus diet, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) (2 x 13 pmol/d i.p. for 7 d) markedly enhanced the acute tubular phosphaturic response to PTH (2.5 IU/h i.v.) without affecting the action of the peptide hormone on Ca reabsorption and cyclic-3',5'-AMP excretion. The influence of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on the phosphaturic response to PTH could not be ascribed to an increased plasma concentration and(or) filtered load of Pi during the administration of the peptide hormone. However, it could be, at least in part, related to the elevation in the basal level of plasma Pi which was observed in the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-treated animals. The results also indicate that 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) significantly enhanced the calcemic response to PTH, which was blunted in these conditions of phosphate deprivation. Unlike 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3), 25 hydroxyvitamin D(3) did not unmask the phosphaturic effect of PTH in phosphate depleted animals, even when given in doses 100 times larger. Thus, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) displays a selective and powerful activity in preventing the occurrence of tubular resistance to the phosphaturic action of PTH during Pi depletion. This finding suggests the existence of an important interaction between dietary Pi, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), and PTH in the homeostasis of phosphate. PMID- 34631 TI - Pulmonary alveolar type II cells isolated from rats. Release of phosphatidylcholine in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. AB - It is unclear what factors control the secretion of pulmonary surface active material from alveolar type II cells in vivo. Other workers have suggested that cholinergic stimuli, adrenergic stimuli, and prostaglandins may all stimulate secretion. We isolated type II cells from the lungs of rats by treatment with elastase, discontinuous density centrifugation, and adherence in primary culture. beta-Adrenergic agonists, but not cholinergic agonists, caused an increase in the release of [(14)C]disaturated phosphatidylcholine, the major component of surface active material, from type II cells in culture. The beta-adrenergic effect was stereo-selective, (-)-isoproterenol being 50 times more potent than (+) isoproterenol. Terbutaline, 10 muM, a noncatecholamine beta-2 adrenergic agonist, caused a release of 2.0+/-0.5 (mean+/-SD) times the basal release of [(14)C]disaturated phosphatidylcholine in 3 h; the concentration of terbutaline causing half maximal stimulation was 800 nM. The terbutaline effect was blocked by propranolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist (calculated K(d) = 6 nM), but not by phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. Isobutylmethylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and 8-Br cyclic AMP, but not 8-Br cyclic guanosine monophosphate, also stimulated release. We conclude that type II cells secrete disaturated phosphatidylcholine in response to treatment with adrenergic stimulation. PMID- 34632 TI - Evaluation of dithiothreitol (DTT) for inactivation of IgM antibodies. AB - A newly introduced sulphydryl compound, dithiothreitol (DTT), is evaluated for its optimal conditions of inactivation of IgM antibodies. The maximal effects of DTT reagent are observed when its final concentrations are between 0.0025 M and 0.005 M, pH between 7.0 and 8.0, and incubation at 37 degrees C. Concentrations over 0.01 M, pH values greater than 8.0, and an incubation temperature over 40 degrees C resulted in a gel formation of the specimen. Examination of both 'cold' and 'warm' type antibodies demonstrated that the results obtained by the DTT reagent are in close agreement with those obtained by 2-mercaptoethanol reagents and DEAE Sephadex treatment. Since the procedure is simple and rapid and lacks offensive odour, DTT is recommended for routine use in blood banking for the inactivation of IgM antibodies. PMID- 34633 TI - Serological identification of Bacteroides species by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to titrate antisera raised against live cultures of eight type species (biotypes) of Bacteroides with the EDTA released outer-membrane complex from 29 characterised strains of Bacteroides species. With only minor exceptions, the strains investigated reacted to titre with the antisera raised against the homologous type species and not against the heterologous type species. Cross-reactivity between heterologous species and antiserum was only significant between closely related biotypes. This cross reactivity could be removed by absorption of the antisera with whole cells. Significant correlation was found between serotype and biotype with this technique. PMID- 34634 TI - The effect of heat on local anesthetic cartridges. PMID- 34635 TI - Fine structural analysis of the cortico-striatal pathway. AB - Considerable evidence has accumulated indicating that one neurotransmitter in the excitatory cortico-striatal tract is glutamate. Lesions of the tract result in reductions in the striatum of glutamate levels as well as high affinity uptake of glutamate into synaptosomes. Furthermore, such lesions eliminate the neurotoxicity of the glutamate analog kainic acid when injected into the striatum. The fine structure of the cortico-striatal pathway was studied to provide evidence regarding the morphology of glutamate nerve endings. Seven days after injection of 3H-proline (20-25 mu Ci) into the rat frontal cortex, axonally transported label appeared in the striatum with uniform distribution in a single type of nerve ending. The labeled boutons had common round vesicles and made asymmetrical contacts, mostly with dendritic spines. This morphology is typical of excitatory synapses, and similar to that previously shown for cholinergic boutons in the striatum. In four animals similarly injected with 3H-proline, kainic acid was administered directly into the striatum to induce degeneration of postsynaptic elements eight to ten hours before sacrifice. In areas affected by these injections, grains appear in patches, possibly resulting from glial swelling. Labeled boutons were seen almost four times as often in synaptic contact with degenerating dendritic elements as with normal ones. The data provide morphological evidence as to the nature of the probable glutamatergic boutons in the striatum, and show the close relationship of such boutons with the neurotoxic effects of kainic acid. This would be anticipated in view of the dependency of kainic acid neurotoxicity on the integrity of the cortico-striatal pathway. PMID- 34636 TI - IADR/AADR Council Proceedings. 56th general session, 1978. PMID- 34637 TI - IADR/AADR Council Proceedings. Divisional abstracts, 1977. PMID- 34638 TI - The relationship of the physician's assistant to nursing. PMID- 34639 TI - Distribution of saponin in alfalfa protein recovery systems. PMID- 34640 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the thirty-fifth annual meeting of the American Academy of Allergy in New Orleans, La., on March 24--28, 1979. PMID- 34641 TI - Role of the hypothalamus in the aging woman. AB - Relationships between the hypothalamus and the pituitary in the aging woman are discussed under the following subheadings: synthesis and release of follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones, estrogen receptors, other releasing factors, neurotransmitters, and the mechanisms of hot flushes and migrainoid headaches. The hypothalamus is the main regulator of pituitary function. In the female the hypothalamic-pituitary axis appears to remain functionally intact well into old age. PMID- 34642 TI - [A case of Richner-Hanhart syndrome (tyrosinosis with ocular, cutaneous and mental manifestations]. AB - A case of Richner-Hanhart syndrom with tyrosinemia is being reported. The diagnosis was suggested from clinical manifestations of this syndrom : superficial opacities of the cornea in an infant preceeding hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles and mild mental retardation. It has been confirmed by the high levels of blood tyrosine. The introduction of a diet low in tyrosine and alanine has lead to a rapid improvement and finally a complete cure of the ophthalmological and dermatological symptoms. The normal metabolism of tyrosine is recalled as well as the specific metabolic aberration responsable for this syndrom (deficiency of cytosol tyrosine amino-transferase). This case is being compared with those which have been previously reported. PMID- 34643 TI - [Obstetrical anaesthesia. Their place in the conduct of labour (author's transl)]. AB - After having made an historical study of the principal works coming from the School in Toulouse concerning obstetrical anaesthesia, one can make an account of the criteria for fetal risk. These have been established by comparing with a standard that determines the physical and biological parameters found in normal labour. The fetal risk has been studied for four types of anaesthesia progressively. These are : general anaesthesia with Pentothal, general anaesthesia with Gamma OH, neuroleptanalgesia and finally epidural anaesthesia. By comparison with a normal standard, the evolution of the parameters concerning uterine contraction, the changes in the fetal heart rate the, acid-base balance of the fetal blood and how it changes, and the Apgar score have been studied for each type of anaesthesia. The same has been done for maternal risk. After having completed this study we have come to the conclusion that there is no single anaesthetic that should particularly be recommended, and that for every phase of labour : before labour starts and after labour has been confirmed, and at the end of the first stage of labour, a different form of anaesthesia may well be indicated. Above all, the skill of the anaesthetist and of the obstetrician influence the efficiency of the anaesthetic. PMID- 34644 TI - [Effects of different soldering gap spaces on tensile strength in soldered dental gold alloy (author's transl)]. PMID- 34658 TI - Factors affecting the incidence and anti-salmonella activity of the anaerobic caecal flora of the young chick. AB - Thirty-two different types of anaerobic bacteria isolated from chickens have been tested for anti-salmonella activity in vitro. Under the conditions of the test only Bacteroides hypermegas and a Bifidobacterium sp. were shown to inhibit the salmonellas and this was attributed to the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA's) coupled with a low pH. When these organisms were tested in newly hatched chicks no inhibition of S. typhimurium occurred. Possible explanations for this observation are considered. The pH value and concentration of VFA's in the caecal material were determined in chicks from 0-84 days. In vitro tests with S. typhimurium indicated that, whilst the organism would be able to multiply at the pH and concentration of VFA's found during the first few days after hatching, the rapid increase in VFA concentration during the first 21 days would make this increasingly difficult. The significance of the developing caecal flora in relation to VFA production and pH is discussed. Because certain feed additives are known to influence the carriage of salmonellas, the sensitivity of various caecal anaerobes to these compounds was determined in vitro, generally at 1, 10 and 100 microgram/ml. The additives tested included flavomycin, furazolidone, nitrovin, tetracyline, tylosin, sulphaquinoxaline, virginiamycin and zinc bacitracin. All the organisms tested were inhibited by 100 microgram/ml furazolidone; none were inhibited by 500 microgram/ml sulphaquinoxaline. Changes occurring in the VFA concentration, pH value and microflora of the caeca of chicks fed for 49 days or longer on a normal starter diet or the same diet containing 10 or 100 mg/kg nitrovin have been compared. When the chicks were fed on the diet containing 100 mg/kg nitrovin, the Gram-negative non-sporing anaerobes were eliminated as a significant part of the caecal flora. However, the VFA concentration combined with a low pH in chicks from 2 weeks onwards was still sufficient to inhibit salmonella multiplication. Other possibly interrelated factors which might lead to an increased salmonella carrier rate in the nitrovin treated chickens are discussed. PMID- 34659 TI - Antivibrionic activity of some glycolytic cycle enzymes of animal cells. AB - The antivibrionic activity of crystalline preparations of five enzymes of the glycolytic cycle of animals cells was investigated. Phosphorylase "a" (0.5 mg/ml), aldolase (15 mg/ml) and pyruvate kinase (0.1 mg/ml) were found to inhibit the proliferation of Vibrio cholerae cells; phosphoglucomutase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml were found to be vibriocidal. A mixture of these enzymes containing 0.062 mg/ml of phosphorylase "a" and 0.125 mg/ml of each phosphoglucomutase, aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase showed vibriocidal activity. PMID- 34660 TI - 53rd All-India Medical Conference: Bombay, 1977. Presidential address. PMID- 34661 TI - Differentiation markers in fetal epidermis: transglutaminase and transpeptidase. AB - Two members of the transpeptidase family of enzymes, transglutaminase and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, were assayed histochemically and biochemically in developing rat epidermis from day 15 of gestation through postnatal day 5. Electron microscopic examination of serial skin biopsies enabled precise dating of fetal epidermis and periderm and correlation of ultrastructural details of the cells with marker enzyme activities. Transglutaminase activity appeared histochemically in surface epidermis and in hair follicle inner root sheath on day 18 and day 21 of gestation, respectively, concomitant with the onset of terminal keratinization in these tissues. Enzyme activity was biochemically detectable 2 days before the histochemical stain became positive. Transpeptidase was active in fetal epidermis prior to keratinization but was only detectable in basal cells thereafter. Subsequent to birth, enzyme activity rose geometrically in hair follicles undergoing initial differentiation, and was thereafter found in all anagen hairs. Transglutaminase is active only in cells approaching terminal keratinization, while transpeptidase is associated with early phases of epidermal proliferation and differentiation. PMID- 34663 TI - [A simple pH-stat for manual operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 34662 TI - [Sessions of 53rd Congress of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Abstracts]. PMID- 34664 TI - Alterations of hydrogen ion homeostasis in pure potassium depletion: studies in rats and dogs during the recovery phase. PMID- 34665 TI - Influence of intraluminal pH on folate absorption: studies in control subjects and in patients with pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 34666 TI - House of Delegates' action regarding supervision of physician's assistants. PMID- 34668 TI - [Proceeding of the 71st annual meeting of the Formosan Medical Association (author's transl)]. PMID- 34667 TI - A model for the use of physician's assistants in primary care. AB - The function and long-term viability of physician's assistants in primary care is controversial. The authors hypothesize that to remain a viable entity the physician's assistant (PA) must meet criteria including ability to make independent decisions, to obtain the complete trust of the supervising physician, to deliver care of quality equal to that of physicians, and to produce revenue in excess of the PA's cost and overhead. A model for the use of a PA in primary care is described which has been in operation for four years. This model is tested against these criteria to see if conditions for long-term viability are met. The results show physician's assistants do have a valuable role im primary health care delivery which should not be eliminated by future increases in physician manpower. PMID- 34669 TI - [The 3d International Oto-Neuro-Surgery Course. Grenoble, March 13--16, 1978. Abstracts]. PMID- 34670 TI - Effect of anoxia and ischemia on ribonuclease activity in brain. PMID- 34671 TI - Purification and characterization of an NADP+-linked alcohol oxido-reductase which catalyzes the interconversion of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and succinic semialdehyde. PMID- 34672 TI - Effects of dietary proteins on fetal brain protein and glutamic acid metabolism in rat. PMID- 34673 TI - Cholinergic features of photoreceptor synapses in Hermissenda. AB - 1. A number of observations, as listed below, suggested a cholinergic basis for inhibitory interactions between photoreceptors of the eye in the nudibranch mollusk Hermissenda crassicornis. 2. The isolated eyes synthesized and accumulated acetylcholine but not other putative neurotransmitter substances. Synthesis and accumulation were determined by electrophoretic separation of products that incorporated radioactive label. Electron microscopic visualization of clear round vesicles within the photoreceptors' somata and axon hillocks was consistent with synthesis and storage of acetylcholine within these cells. 3. Pharmacologic experiments indicated the presence of cholinergic receptors on the terminal branches of the photoreceptors, which are pre- and postsynaptic to each other. Carbachol or nicotine produced hyperpolarization of the photoreceptors' membrane accompanied by a reduction of the input resistance. The reversal potential of carbachol-induced hyperpolarization coincided with the reversal potentials of the IPSPs that followed, one for one, impulses of neighboring photoreceptors. Eserine often caused blockade of the IPSPs. This blockade was associated with substantial membrane hyperpolarization and reduction of membrane resistance. 4. Neuronal endings within the optic tract in the area of the photoreceptor's terminal branches stained for acetylcholinesterase. 5. The results of these different experiments, especially when considered together, strongly suggest, although by no means unequivocally demonstrate, that the neurotransmitter of the photoreceptors is acetylcholine. PMID- 34674 TI - Fabrication of miniature antimony pH electrodes--short communication. PMID- 34675 TI - Principles of pain management. A short review. AB - Information that contributes to our understanding of the processes that participate in the perception of and responses to pain has expanded rapidly in the last decade. Much of this information and many clinical observations demand new conceptual frameworks within which to modify and expand classical teachings of pain pathways and mechanisms. In this brief review, some of these new dimensions are considered. The limited references serve as an introduction to more comprehensive original and review material. PMID- 34676 TI - Studies of experimental cervical spinal cord transection. Part III: Effects of acute cervical spinal cord transection on cerebral blood flow. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by the microsphere technique in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated dogs before and after cervical laminectomy in four (control group), or cervical laminectomy followed by cervical cord transection (CCT) at the C-6 level in six (experimental group). No significant differences in arterial pH, pO2 or pCO2 were observed between control and experimental dogs. Baseline values for mean arterial pressure (MAP) were also similar in the two groups, but MAP fell in all experimental dogs after CCT (p less than 0.025). At 120 minutes after CCT, three of the six dogs had an MAP greater than 60 torr (66 +/- 4 torr), and in three the MAP was greater than 50 torr (45 +/- 3 torr). Regional CBF in cortical gray matter, white matter, and medulla did not change significantly after CCT in dogs with MAP greater than 60 torr. The CBF fell significantly at 120 minutes after CCT in all regions sampled in the dogs with MAP less than 50 torr (p less than 0.025). At 30 and 120 minutes after CCT, cerebellar blood flow fell significantly in all experimental animals (p less than 0.05). These findings indicate that, despite hypotension and sympathetic denervation of cerebral vessels, CBF in cortical gray matter, white matter, and medulla is maintained at normal levels after CCT by autoregulation as long as MAP exceeds 60 torr. Decreased cerebellar blood flow in the experimental group suggests redistribution of CBF after CCT with relative preservation of flow to gray matter, white matter, and medulla. Reduced CBF in the acutely cord injured patient with significant hypotension (MAP less than 60 torr) may stimulate or complicate coexistent head injury. PMID- 34677 TI - Response of rat hepatic fatty acid synthesis and activities of related enzymes to changes in level of dietary fat. AB - The rate of in vivo fatty acid synthesis as well as the levels of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), malic enzyme (ME), citrate cleavage enzyme (CCE), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACX) and fatty acid synthetase (FAS) activities, have been studied in the liver of rats fed a fat-free diet for 7 days, followed by diets containing different amounts of soybean oil (0 to 24.79 kcal%) for 7 days. The dietary fat depressed activities of G6PD, 6PGD, ME, CCE, and FAS significantly at 1.24 or 2.48 kcal%. On the other hand, AC activity and the rate of fatty acid synthesis were decreased when the level of dietary fat was 12.39 kcal% or greater. These findings, as well as the pattern of decrement of enzyme activities and of lipogenesis, suggest a close correlation of fat feeding to ACX activity and fatty acid synthesis. The results also suggest that changes of G6PD, 6PGD, ME, CCE, and FAS activities may be largely independent of those modifications which occur in the substrate flux, concomitantly with the decrease of lipogenesis caused by the inclusion of fat in the diet. PMID- 34678 TI - Metabolism of niacin and niacinamide in perfused rat intestine. AB - The metabolism of [14C]nicotinic acid and [14C]nicotinamide by perfused rat intestine was studied by analyzing the 14C-products formed at various time intervals after these substrates were administered intravascularly or intralumenally. Intermediates in the Preiss-Handler pathway contained isotope when [14C]nicotinic acid was administered by either route. Large amounts of isotope in niacinamide and some in nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) were also found indicating substantial NAD-glycohydrolase activity in this intestinal preparation. The products from [14C]nicotinamide also included the metabolites of nicotinic acid, due to deamidation of the substrate in the lumen when the exposure was prolonged. In short term studies the amide was absorbed rapidly by simple diffusion with little hydrolysis to nicotinic acid. The primary labeled form found in the perfusate when [14C]nicotinic acid was administered via the lumen for both recirculating and one pass perfusions was unchanged nicotinic acid. The primary forms found in the perfusate when the amide was given were both the amide and the acid for both one pass and for recirculating experiments. The rapid transport of nicotinamide from the lumen to the perfusate and the lack of 14C-metabolites of nicotinic acid in the intestinal tissue following intralumenal injection of [14C]nicotinamide in the living animal suggest that deamidation in the digestive tract is not a major fate of physiological quantities of niacinamide. PMID- 34679 TI - Changes in heart rate during administration of local anesthetics in neuropsychiatric patients. AB - The effects on heart rate of injections of local anesthetics into the oral mucosa were studied in neuropsychiatric patients; these patients, in whom syncope had not occurred, had been hospitalized for a prolonged period. The heart rate in the neuropsychiatric patients decreased by only 3.9% in contrast to an average decrease of 12.6% in healthy adults. Diazepam was also effective in reducing the cardiac response. The lack of responsiveness in the trigeminal-vagal reflex may be a factor in protecting patients from syncope. PMID- 34680 TI - The characteristics of practices of oral surgeons. PMID- 34681 TI - Alterations in cartilage metabolism by neurostimulant drugs. AB - Suppression of growth without significant alterations in hormonal patterns has been demonstrated for the neurostimulant drug pemoline. Comparison of the in vitro effect of pemoline, methylphenidate, and methamphetamine on somatomedin stimulated sulfate uptake by cartilage showed all three drugs to be inhibitory. Sulfate uptake by cartilage can be directly related to growth and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Assay of two of the enzymes involved in the glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic pathway showed that methamphetamine and methylphenidate caused a marked depression of xylosyl- and galactosyltransferase enzyme activity. These data suggest an interference with cartilage metabolism as one possible mechanism for the growth retardation observed in children on neurostimulant drug therapy. PMID- 34682 TI - Caution re use of chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 34683 TI - Pulmonary function in premature infants. Rupture of the amniotic membranes. PMID- 34684 TI - Sleep state and arterial blood gases and pH, in human newborn and young infants. PMID- 34685 TI - Percutaneous absorption: theoretical description. AB - Equations are derived to describe the percutaneous absorption of a substance through the epidermal barrier. The treatment includes interfacial barriers and allows for the depletion of the substance in the external phase. The equations are derived both for the continuous application and for pulse experiments where the drug is applied for a time, then removed, and the response occurs some time after the removal of the drug. Competition between the drug diffusing through the keratinized cells (transcellular route) and diffusing in the interstitial channels around the cells (intercellular route) is also considered. PMID- 34686 TI - Percutaneous absorption: in vivo experiments. AB - The percutaneous absorption of esters of nicotinic acid has been studied in vivo in man. The time for erythema to be produced has been measured both when the ester is applied continuously and in 'pulse' experiments when the ester is removed before the erythema develops. The results show that the erythema is produced long before steady state diffusion across the epidermis is established and the penetration of methyl nicotinate is characterized by D/l2 = 2.3 X 10(-4)s 1 where D is the diffusion coefficient and l the thickness of the barrier. Results using glycerol water mixtures in the external phase show that the route of penetration for methyl nicotinate is through the interstitial channels and not through the keratinized cells. Data for absorption from various creams and ointments (Barrett et al 1964) show that the route is independent of the nature of the external phase. Steady state data for the absorption of salicylic acid and carbinoxamine through the abdominal skin of guinea-pigs (Arita et al 1970) show that the route of penetration does not change as the experiment proceeds. Data for the absorption of other substances (Michaels et al 1975) also fit the interstitial route. PMID- 34687 TI - Stimulation of human platelets by carrageenans. AB - The rank order of four carrageenans tested as inducers of human platelet aggregation was the same (iota greater than lambda greater than gelcarin greater than kappa) as their relative inflammatory potencies in vivo. All four carrageenans caused some precipitation of plasma proteins, and induced aggregation in platelet-rich plasma or washed platelet suspensions. The second phase of aggregation was citrate-dependent and associated with secretion of 5 hydroxytryptamine and lysosomal enzymes. Platelets could provide a useful model for investigating the actions of carrageenans on cell membranes. PMID- 34688 TI - Effect of paracetamol on amylobarbitone hydroxylation in man: a gas chromatographic method for simultaneous estimation of underivatized paracetamol and barbiturates. AB - A rapid and specific technique for the simultaneous gas chromatographic estimation of underivatized paracetamol and barbiturates using an alkali flame ionization detector is described which is suitable for both forensic and pharmacokinetic investigations. An improved method for estimation of 3 hydroxyamylobarbitone is also detailed. These techniques were used in an investigation of the effects of oral administration of 1 g paracetamol 8 hourly on the formation of 3-hydroxyamylobarbitone from a single oral dose of 200 mg sodium amylobarbitone. No significant changes were found in the plasma concentrations and total body clearance of amylobarbitone nor was there any alteration in the urinary elimination of 3-hydroxyamylobarbitone. PMID- 34689 TI - The gastrointestinal absorption of paracetamol in the rat. AB - The absorption of [3H]paracetamol by rat small intestine, colon and stomach was studied in vivo and in vitro. Small intestinal in vivo studies, using a wide range of drug concentrations, showed that absorption was efficient and uniform throughout the small bowel, no site showing preferential absorption. Double reciprocal and direct plots indicated first order kinetics. The pattern was not observed when uptake was occurring from high concentrations of paracetamol in suspension. Gastric and colonic in vivo studies showed that there was appreciable absorption of [3H]paracetamol from these sites. In vitro studies using everted intestinal sacs showed no effect on paracetamol transfer when the incubation temperature was lowered to 10 degrees C or when iodoacetate (5 X 10(-2)M) and 2.4 dinitrophenol (5 X 10(-4)M) was added to the incubation medium. There was, however, a significant reduction in transfer of paracetamol against a concentration gradient of 10:1 applied across the mucosa. These data suggest that the uptake of paracetamol is by a passive transport process and confirm the efficiency of paracetamol absorption observed indirectly by others. PMID- 34690 TI - Kidney function and lithium concentrations of rats given an injection of lithium orotate or lithium carbonate. AB - A recent study by Kling et al (1978) noted the finding of higher lithium concentrations in serum and brain of rats after an intraperitoneal injection (2 mmol lithium kg-1) of lithium orotate as a slurry than of lithium carbonate in solution. The authors suggested that lithium orotate might offer advantages in the treatment of patients. We repeated the experiments of Kling et al but in addition examined the kidney function of the rats. Glomerular filtration rate and urine flow were markedly lower in rats given lithium orotate than in rats given lithium carbonate, sodium chloride or a sham injection. The renal lithium clearance was significantly lower, the kidney weight and the lithium concentrations in serum, kidney and heart significantly higher after injection of lithium orotate than after injection of lithium carbonate. The higher lithium concentrations could be accounted for by the lower kidney function. It seems inadvisable to use lithium orotate for the treatment of patients. PMID- 34691 TI - Pentobarbitone and skeletal muscle contractions: on the interaction with the effect elicited by the beta-adrenoceptor agonist, terbutaline. AB - The soleus, a slow-contracting muscle, and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), a fast-contracting muscle from guinea-pig were prepared for isometric recording in vitro. Subtetanic contractions were evoked by transmural field-stimulation. Pentobarbitone increased the force of contraction in both muscles. In the soleus it shifted the stimulation frequency-response curve to the left. Terbutaline caused a decrease in the force of subtetanic contractions of the soleus, an effect which was dependent on the stimulation frequency. In the presence of pentobarbitone, the stimulation frequency had to be lowered by about 2 HZ in order to maintain the optimum response to terbutaline. The EDL responded to terbutaline with an increased force of contraction. In this case the stimulation frequency was less critical and the effects were the same in the presence and in the absence of pentobarbitone. Experiments with alpha-chloralose yielded results similar to those obtained with pentobarbitone. PMID- 34692 TI - Additivity of action between polysorbate 80 and polymyxin B towards spheroplasts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6750. AB - When polymyxin B and polysorbate 80 were used together against spheroplasts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the activities were found to be additive. These substances have previously been reported to act synergistically against P. aeruginosa, but little or no intrinsic activity towards intact cells has been attributed to polysorbate 80. We suggest that in addition to enhancing polymyxin B penetration to the cytoplasmic membrane, polysorbate 80 may also act as an antimicrobial agent when polymyxin-induced damage to the outer membrane facilitates the surfactant's passage through the cell envelope. PMID- 34693 TI - A comparative study of the microbiological assays currently available for nystatin raw material. AB - The classical agar diffusion and turbidimetric methods of assay for nystatin are compared with the more recently documented assays for this antibiotic which depend upon physicochemical measurement of the response of micro-organisms. Liquid nitrogen stored inocula were used throughout. It is concluded that the newer methods of assay are as reproducible and reliable as the agar diffusion and turbidimetric methods and that they are generally more sensitive. The choice between the assay methods compared can thus be based on speed, cost and sample through-put. PMID- 34694 TI - Relationships between poloxamer structure and the solubilization of some para substituted acetanilides. AB - Saturation solubilities of several para-substituted acetanilides have been measured at 37 degrees C in aqueous solutions of structurally related polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers-poloxamers L62, L63, L64, P65 and F68. These poloxamers differ only in the amount of ethylene oxide in the hydrophil. Solubilities increased with increasing poloxamer concentration. As the oxyethylene chain length of the poloxamer increased, then the solubilizing capacity per equivalent of oxyethylene decreased. The moles of acetanilide derivative solubilized per mole of poloxamer increased with poloxamer oxyethylene content in the case of the less hydrophobic acetanilides but was invariant in the more hydrophobic ones. The solubilizing capacities have been discussed in terms of the inter-relationships between the hydrophobic nature of the solubilizate and solubilizer and the site of solubilization on the poloxamer molecule. PMID- 34695 TI - Effects of L-nuciferine on kainate, N-methyl-D-aspartate and acetylcholine excitation of cat spinal neurons. PMID- 34696 TI - Effects of dopaminergic antagonists on striatal DOPAC concentrations and alpha methyl-p-tyrosine-induced decline of dopamine following intrastriatal injections of kainic acid. PMID- 34697 TI - Inability of methylphenidate or mazindol to prevent the lowering of 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in rat brain by amphetamine. PMID- 34698 TI - Bradykinin-induced flexor reflex of rat hind-limb for evaluating various analgesic drugs. PMID- 34699 TI - The inhibitory effects of sex steroid hormones on electrically-induced contractions of the guinea-pig isolated ileum. PMID- 34700 TI - Further studies on receptor interaction for the alpha-antagonist WB 4101. PMID- 34701 TI - The effect of 2-2'-pyridylisatogen tosylate on the increase in capillary permeability produced by ATP. PMID- 34702 TI - Patency of chronic jugular cannulae with systematically varied outer diameter and length. PMID- 34703 TI - Further consideration of the existence of an optimal partition coefficient for intestinal absorption of foreign compounds. PMID- 34704 TI - Disulphide cross-linked macromolecules formed by thiolated insulin and globin. PMID- 34705 TI - Assay of methimazole by n.m.r. spectroscopy. PMID- 34706 TI - [Effects of dopaminergic stimulating agents, caffeine and antipsychotic drugs on rotational behaviour in mice with unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 34707 TI - The effects of alpha adrenergic agents on human platelet aggregation. AB - The effects of alpha adrenergic agonists and antagonists on human in vitro platelet aggregation were studied to characterize further the platelet alpha adrenergic receptor. Aggregation induced by ADP and U46619; a stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog, was potentiated by alpha adrenergic agonists, an effect which was completely blocked by the alpha adrenergic antagonist phentolamine (1 X 10(-6) M) but not by prazosin (1 X 10(-6) M). The order of potency for the alpha adrenergic agonists in potentiating ADP-induced aggregation was clonidine greater than or equal to epinephrine greater than alpha methylnorepinephrine greater than norepinephrine greater than phenylephrine greater than methoxamine. Epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation was blocked by phentolamine, yohimbine, dihydroergotamine, clonidine and lofexidine but not by phenoxybenzamine (1 X 10(-5) M). These findings suggest that: 1)clonidine and lofexidine are partial agonists and 2) that the alpha adrenergic receptor of the platelet is different from the classical postsynaptic alpha adrenergic receptor and more closely resembles presynaptic alpha adrenergic receptors. PMID- 34708 TI - Demonstration of separate pathways for the metabolism of organic compounds in rabbit kidney. PMID- 34709 TI - Selective binding of antipsychotics and other psychoactive agents to the calcium dependent activator of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. PMID- 34710 TI - Stereospecific antidopaminergic and anticholinergic actions of the enantiomers of (+/-)-1-cyclopropylmethyl-4-(3-trifluoromethylthio-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5 ylidene) piperidine (CTC), a derivative of cyproheptadine. AB - (+/-)-CTC, a cyproheptadine derivative, possesses both antidopaminergic and anticholinergic activities which can be resolved, respectively, into its component (-)- and (+)-enantiomers. Both in vivo (antagonism of apomorphine induced stereotypy, elevation of striatal homovanillic acid) and in vitro (inhibition of [3H]haloperidol binding), (-)-CTC was less active than haloperidol but more potent or equipotent compared to chlorpromazine. (+)-CTC was a more potent anticholinergic agent in vitro (inhibition of [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding) than either thioridazine or clozapine, whereas in vivo (antagonism of the lethal action of physostigmine) the three compounds were similar. Comparison of the racemate with (-)-CTC in several in vivo test procedures to determine the influence of intrinsic anticholinergic activity showed that the presence of the anticholinergic (+)-enantiomer had little effect on the ability of (-)-CTC to antagonize apomorphine or elevate striatal homovanillic acid, whereas the activity of (-)-CTC was reduced in tests for postural asymmetry, avoidance and catalepsy. Stereoselectivity was also observed in terms of the alpha adrenergic blocking activity of CTC (inhibition of [3H]WB 4101 binding) which resides exclusively in the (-)-enantiomer. The ratios of (+)-CTC and (-)-CTC in terms of their anti-alpha adrenergic/antidopaminergic properties were large, suggesting a low propensity for the elicitation of orthostatic hypotension and sedation. PMID- 34711 TI - Effect of haloperidol on dopamine synthesis and tyrosine hydroxylase in striatal synaptosomes. PMID- 34712 TI - Anticonvulsant effects of benzhydryl piperazines on maximal electroshock seizures in rats. AB - The anticonvulsant effects of four benzhydryl piperazines, SC-13504 (ropizine, an anticonvulsant), hydroxyzine (HDX, an anxiolytic), chlorcyclizine (CCZ, an antihistaminic) and buclizine (BUC, an antihistaminic), were investigated utilizing a modified maximal electroshock seizure test in rats. In addition to detecting the presence or absence of tonic hindlimb extension, the modified method quantified various phases of the seizure. All four benzhydryl piperazines exhibited anticonvulsant activity in maximal electroshock seizure, but SC-13504 was similar in efficacy to phenobarbital and phenytoin, and much more effective than HDX, CCZ or BUC. Additionally, SC-13504 possessed a therapeutic index much greater than any of the compounds tested. The duration of action of the benzhydryl piperazines, in hours was: SC-13504, 0.5 to 8; HDX, 0.5 to 2; CCZ, 0.5 to 16; and BUC, 2 to 8. Buc and CCZ are postulated to be converted to active anticonvulsant metabolites. PMID- 34713 TI - Comparison and characterization of mammalian xenobiotic ketone reductases. PMID- 34714 TI - Evaluation of beta adrenoceptor antagonist affinity and cardioselectivity by radioligand-receptor assay. PMID- 34715 TI - Activation of liver guanylate cyclase by paraquat: possible role of superoxide anion. AB - Paraquat, a herbicide which is known to increase intracellular levels of superoxide anion (O2-), stimulated guanylate cyclase [GTP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.2.] activity. This stimulation by paraquat was seen at concentrations as low as 0.005 mM. The activation of guanylate cyclase by paraquat was not blocked by KCN, an inhibitor of superoxide dismutase [EC 1.15.1.1.], suggesting that the activation process probably does not involve superoxide dismutase which converts superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide and ultimately to hydroxyl radical. Catalase [EC 1.11.1.6.] did not block the paraquat activation of guanylate cyclase indicating that hydrogen peroxide was probably not involved in the activation process. Butylated hydroxytoluene, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, also had no effect on the paraquat activation of guanylate cyclase activity. Superoxide dismutase inhibited the paraquat activation of guanylate cyclase. Thus, it would appear that superoxide ion itself can activate guanylate cyclase circumventing any requirement for hydroxyl radical formation. PMID- 34716 TI - Dual action of ouabain on transmitter release at neuromuscular junctions of the frog. AB - Ouabain increased both spontaneous and evoked transmitter release in Mg++-treated frog neuromuscular junctions. This action developed as a two-step process which affected both miniature end-plate potential (m.e.p.p.) frequency and the binomial distribution of e.p.p.s. During the first part of its action, which lasts for approximately 60 min, ouabain (10(-5) M) increased the m.e.p.p. frequency following a saturable process. The increase in m.e.p.p. frequency was blocked by tetrodotoxin (15 nM). The quantal parameters of release, m and n, showed a significant increase but the parameter p was unaffected. Since the same changes in the binomial parameters were observed in Mg++-treated junctions exposed to low [Na+]0 in the absence of ouabain, it can be concluded that Na+ concentration played an important role in the increase of transmitter release. After 60 min in ouabain (10(-5) M) m.e.p.p. frequency increased by an exponential process. The binomial parameters of transmitter release, m and p, increased while n remained unchanged. This action was not influenced by TTX pretreatment nor was it reproduced by decreasing [Na+]0. The mechanism responsible for this action seems to be the Ca++- releasing effect of ouabain from the cytoplasmic sequestering sites. PMID- 34717 TI - Picrotoxin- and bicuculline-sensitive inhibition of cardiac vagal reflexes. AB - Transmission in the cardiac vagal reflex pathway can be inhibited by stimulation of the hypothalamic defense region or somatic afferent nerves. A pharmacological analysis of inhibitory modulation of reflex vagal bradycardia was undertaken in the present study. Picrotoxin (0.5--1.5 mg/kg i.v.) or bicuculline (0.5--1.5 mg/kg i.v.) produced a dose-related blockade of inhibition of reflex vagal bradycardia elicited by stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus or branches of the brachial plexus in spinal (C1 or C8 transected) cats. In contrast, strychnine and pentylenetetrazol failed to change the heart rate responses produced by stimulation of the hypothalamus or brachial plexus afferents. Picrotoxin and bicuculline also blocked inhibition of reflex vagal bradycardia produced by stimulation of the inferior olive in decerebrate spinal cats. This observation supports the contention that these agents act in the brain stem to block inhibitory modulation of reflex vagal bradycardia. In addition, picrotoxin and bicuculline lowered basal heart rate in spinal cats but not in decerebrate spinal cats. This observation suggests that tonic suprabulbar inhibition of reflex vagal bradycardia also is sensitive to blockade by picrotoxin and bicuculline. PMID- 34718 TI - Pharmacological properties of histamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase from mammalian brain. PMID- 34719 TI - Effect of tetanus toxin on uptake and potassium-evoked release of radio-labelled transmitters from the substantia nigra and striatum of the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 34720 TI - [Proceedings of the 55th general meeting of the Physiological society of Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 34721 TI - Use of the butaclamol template in a search for antipsychotic agents with lessened side effects. AB - A number of molecular similarities between the antipsychotic agents butaclamol and clozapine were noted. Based on the premise that this was a strong indicator of a common mechanism of action (i.e., binding at the antagonist state of the dopamine receptor), a research approach was described. Three simplified analogues (4,8, and 12a) of butaclamol which still retained the molecular functionalities of the parent structure were synthesized and tested in the haloperidol receptor assay. 1-(5-Methyl-10, 11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene)-4-tert-butyl-4 piperidine (12a) displaced tritiated haloperidol with an IC50 value of 2.4 nM, as compared to a value of 0.5 nM for butaclamol However, when 12a was tested in vivo or in the spiroperidol receptor assay it was found to be considerably less potent. PMID- 34722 TI - Novel application of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the identification of 2'-chloronordiazepam metabolites in the dog. AB - The only metabolite of 2'-chloronordiazepam, 7-chloro-1,3-dihydro-5-(2' chlorophenyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (1), previously identified in the dog is lorazepam (2), which is a product of 3-hydroxylation. Two phenolic metabolites (3 and 4) in the dog corresponding to 4'-hydroxylation of the 5-phenyl ring and 9 hydroxylation of the fused benzene ring, respectively, have now been identified. The structure of the 9-hydroxy isomer 4 is deduced simply from the observed NMR spectral AB (J meta = 2.5 Hz) pattern of the protons of the fused benzene ring. In contrast, since a 2'-chloro substituent is present on the 5-phenyl ring of the parent drug, the usual method of recognizing 4'-hydroxylation of this ring by observation of AA'BB' multiplets in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra is inapplicable. Hence, a novel method is introduced to identify the 4'-hydroxy isomer 3, based on attributing different sets of NMR substituent effect parameters to hydroxyl groups, depending on whether these groups are meta or para to the benzodiazepinimine function. The urinary plus fecal excretion of 2 4 by one dog given in a single oral 10 mg/kg dose of 14C-labeled 1 amounted to 20, 5, and 7% of the dose, respectively; the urinary metabolites were excreted predominantly as conjugates of glucuronic acid and/or sulfate. PMID- 34723 TI - Beta-adrenoceptor studies. 5. 1H NMR and IR spectroscopic analysis of the conformation of the hydrohalide salts of beta-adrenoceptor-blocking aryloxypropanolamines. Evidence for a seven-membered ring structure with participation of two hydrogen bonds. PMID- 34724 TI - Kinetics of dopamine oxidation by dialkylaminoalkylphenothiazine cation radicals. AB - The kinetics of dopamine oxidatinon dialkylaminoalkylphenothiazine cation radicals (with two- or three-carbon side chains) were investigated. The two carbon side-chain derivatives have reaction rates higher than the three-carbon ones. For chlorpromazine and promazine, extrapolation of pH 1-6 data shows that reaction rates become very fast at physiological pH. PMID- 34725 TI - Localization of low molecular weight 99mTc-labeled dimercaptodicarboxylic acids in kidney tissue. AB - Kidney localization of low molecular weight 99mTc-dimercaptodicarboxylic acid complexes was examined in mice. The complexes 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid, 99mTc-dimercaptoglutaric acid, and 99mmTc-dimercaptoadipic acid were formed by reducing sodium 99mTc-pertechnetate with stannous chloride in the presence of 2 10 fold excess ligand at pH 2.5 or 7.5. Kidney specificity decreased as chain length between the mercapto groups increased. Optimum kidney retention occurred with complexes formed at pH 2.5. Complexes prepared at pH 7.5 were rapidly excreted through the urine and feces. Kidney localization of complexes prepared at one pH was not altered if the pH was later changed. PMID- 34726 TI - Alkaline hydrolysis of 1,3-dimethylphenobarbital. AB - The reaction of 1,3-dimethylphenobarbital (I) with 0.02-0.32 M KOH in aqueous methanol was studied. The barbiturate ring cleaved reversibly at the 1,6 position, forming a malonuric acid which was stable to further hydrolysis but which could readily recyclize to I. N,N-Dimethylethylphenylmalondiamide arose from decarboxylation of the carbamic acid formed by a 1,2-ring opening; this irreversible decarboxylation determined the diamide as the only final reaction product. The malonuric acid, which could be isolated in solid form, appeared as N methyl-2-phenylbutyramide (GLC) following thermal decarboxylation and degradation of the acid. The I disappearance rate was biphasic, and the kinetics were consistent with the described reaction. The individual rate constants and the equilibrium constant for the reaction between I, the malonuric acid, and hydroxide were determined. PMID- 34727 TI - Evaluating a course in family and community health care. AB - Described in this paper is an evaluation of the impact of a course in family and community health care on health associate students in the Johns Hopkins University. A simple before-after design was used. Students were observed interviewing an actor (simulated patient) and rated on their ability to obtain information about the "patient's" family situation. Results showed a significant increase in family orientation from pretest to posttest. The positive changes seemed to occur in the areas of family structure and family events, with no significant change being observed in the area of family dynamics. The investigator concluded that a clinical course can increase the family orientation of health associate students as evidenced in their clinical (history-taking) behavior. PMID- 34728 TI - Intergeneric and intrageneric inhibition between strains of Propionibacterium acnes and micrococcaceae, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, isolated from normal skin and acne lesions. AB - Two hundred and forty-one strains or resident skin bacteria comprising 93 isolates of Propionob acterium acnes and 148 of Micrococcaceae derived from 36 acne patients and 8 control subjects were screened for their ability to inhibit 32 indicator strains, including 20 strains of P. acnes and 12 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis derived from patients with all grades of acne and from normal skin. Fifty-three strains (22%) showed some activity against at least one indicator strain. Both broad- and narrow-spectrum inhibition was detected. Inhibitory isolates of P. acnes outnumbered inhibitory Micrococcaceae by four to one. There was a low frequency of inhibition of S. epidermidis by Micrococcaceae (2.7%) and by P. acnes (1.1%) and a higher frequency of inhibition of P. acnes by Micrococcaceae (9.5%) and by P. acnes (40.8%). Furthermore, 81.8% of the subjects sampled possessed strains inhibitory to P. acnes. The significance of this finding is, as yet, unknown. No difference in the prevalence of active strains in normal (20%) and acne (22.5%) skin was detected. These findings suggest that the possession of inhibitory strains and conversely the possession of sensitive strains does not predispose to acne. PMID- 34729 TI - Mechanism of self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus protein. I. Nucleation controlled kinetics of polymerization. PMID- 34730 TI - Mechanism of self-assembly of tobacco mosaic virus protein. II. Characterization of the metastable polymerization nucleus and the initial stages of helix formation. PMID- 34731 TI - Influence of some anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agents on urinary enzyme level in rats. AB - The influence of single oral dose of anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic agents on urinary enzymes was investigated in rats as a indicator of nephrotoxic effect. Urinary LDH activity was significantly elevated by aspirin, ketophenylbutazone, aminopyrine, phenacetin and acetaminophen. These drugs increased also H/M ratio of LDH isoenzymes. Although other test drugs have no effect on LDH in urine phenylbutazone and indomethacin elevated GPT and A1-P, oxyphenbutazone did gamma-GT and anthranilic acid derivatives did Al-P and gamma GT. Other drugs such as sodium salicylate, ibufenac, ibuprofen, bucolome, aminopropylone, sulfinpyrazone, benzydamine and mepirizole did not significantly influence any enzyme activities measured in urine. PMID- 34732 TI - Novel antiviral activity found in the media of Sindbis virus-persistently infected mosquito (Aedes albopictus) cell cultures. AB - Aedes albopictus (mosquito) cells persistently infected with Sindbis virus for a period of 6 months release into the medium a low-molecular-weight material capable of specifically reducing the yields of Sindbis virus during the "acute phase" of infection in mosquito cells. The antiviral activity was produced in detectable levels at 3 days after infection, and its concentration in the extracellular medium increased thereafter. The antiviral activity was inactivated by treatment with the enzyme protease K and heat. It was not activated by treatment with antibody prepared against extracts of Sindbis virus-infected BHK 21 cells. The antiviral activity differs from interferon produced by vertebrate cells in that it is virus specific as well as cell specific. PMID- 34733 TI - Epididymal abnormalities associated with undescended testis. AB - In a prospective study of 42 patients with undescended testes 15 (36 per cent) had epididymal abnormalities. These anomalies were divided into 3 groups, including agenesis of the epididymis, atresia of the epididymis and loop or elongated epididymis. In the second group atresia could occur at the head, body or tail of the epididymis. PMID- 34734 TI - Consensus programs, vaccines, DNA research. PMID- 34735 TI - Transplantation biology and medicine. Remarks about the Seventh International Congress of the Transplantation Society, Rome, Sept 3-8, 1978. PMID- 34736 TI - Meningitis from a pneumococcus moderately resistant to penicillin. AB - Strains of pneumococci moderately resistant to penicillin were recovered from three patients at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh during 1978. One of these children had meningitis and showed signs of early relapse despite high doses of penicillin G potassium. Routine screening of pneumococci for penicillin resistance is recommended. PMID- 34737 TI - Electronic fetal monitoring: how necessary. PMID- 34738 TI - Severe febrile reaction to pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 34739 TI - The nasopharyngeal culture in acute otitis media. A reappraisal of its usefulness. AB - Simultaneous cultures of the nasopharynx and middle ear exudate (obtained by tympanocentesis) were obtained from 225 children (mean age, 34 months; median age, 41 months) with suppurative otitis media. A 72% prediction rate for middle ear pathogens was obtained by examining the nasopharyngeal cultures after the strict observance of two essential prerequisites: (1) the nasopharyngeal culture was immediately plated on appropriate solid agar and (2) a semiquantitative method for bacterial enumeration was employed in the reading of the nasopharyngeal culture plates. The technique was most valuable where 2+ (greater than 25% up to 50% of total number of colonies was a single pathogen) or greater of a single pathogen was recovered from the nasopharynx. In only one instance, the semiquantitative nasopharyngeal culture incorrectly predicted the middle ear pathogen if one was recovered. Quantitative nasopharyngeal cultures were particularly useful in predicting the presence of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae and group A streptococci as causative agents in otitis media. PMID- 34740 TI - Aspen: 3rd Clinical Congress Abstracts American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, Inc. January 30-February 3, 1979. PMID- 34742 TI - [The 52nd Congress of the Japanese Society for Bacteriology. Abstracts]. PMID- 34741 TI - Myocardial metabolism and heart disease. AB - Anoxia has been compared with ischaemia. The abrupt restoration of either oxygen of flow may accelerate cardiac damage. Anoxic stimulation of glycolysis (Pasteur effect) is inhibited during ischaemia by lactate and proton accumulation at the levels of phosphofructokinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Anaerobic glycolysis provides lactate and ATP; breakdown of the latter provides protons. During partial respiration thought to occur in partial ischaemia, continued production of CO2 is a factor contributing to intracellular acidosis; mitochondrial ATP when formed by continued respiration also yields protons when ultimately broken down. The endoproducts of aerobic glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH) are transported into the mitochondria by the malate-aspartate cycle and by pyruvate dehydrogenase activity. Adenine nucleotide transferase activity normally transfers the mitochondrially-made ATP to the cytoplasm, but acyl CoA accumulates in ischaemia (or during perfusions with high circulating free fatty acids) to inhibit the transferase. The mitochondrial creatine kinase is thought to transform ATP transported outwards into creatine phosphate which can permeate the outer mitochondrial membrane. Further compartmentation of ATP may be by other creatine kinase isoenzymes or in relation to the cell membrane. The glycogenolytic-sarcoplasmic reticulum complex links a glycogen pool to the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Cyclic AMP may regulate admission of calcium to the cell during the plateau of the action potential and promote calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum by phosphorylation of phospholamban. The latter promotes the activity of the calcium-transport ATPase. Calcium and cyclic AMP may also interact at the level of the contractile proteins where cyclic AMP phosphrylates troponin. Cyclic GMP generally has opposite effects to cyclic AMP and undergoes opposite changes in the frog cardiac cycle to those of cyclic AMP. A present it is reasonable to suppose that physiological effects of adrenaline or of cholinergic agents on the myocardium are mediated by cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP, respectively, but this hypothesis still lacks firm support. There is an association between tissue cyclic AMP and ventricular fibrillation after coronary ligation, and direct evidence for a role of cyclic AMP in promoting arrhythmias has been obtained by studies on the ventricular fibrillation threshold in the rat heart. However, there are other mechanisms, involving first the effects of substrates on the action potential duration, and secondly, the fast channel, which can also give rise to the development of malignant arrhythmias. PMID- 34743 TI - [Cyclic nucleotides and blood platelet functions]. PMID- 34744 TI - [Sessions of the 49th Congress of the Japanese Society for Hygiene. Abstracts]. PMID- 34745 TI - [The 8th regional meeting of East and West of Japan, Japanese Society of Nephrology (author's transl)]. PMID- 34746 TI - Proceedings of the 51st general meeting of Japanese Pharmacological Society, March 25-28, 1978. PMID- 34747 TI - [Endocrinological aspects of cardiology: the successes and problems]. PMID- 34748 TI - [Increase in myocardial resistance to ischemia by excluding the heart from the circulation by using a beta-adrenergic receptor block]. AB - The effect of propranolol on the function of the heart, its hemodynamics and metabolism was studied on dogs and rats. It was established that propranolol induced block of the beta-adrenergic receptors is conducive to a decrease in the intensity of myocardial metabolism and increase of myocardial tolerance to ischemia. PMID- 34749 TI - Contraction alkalosis in the awake rat: study of its generation and 24-hour follow-up. PMID- 34751 TI - Pediatric Pathology Club. Annual meeting, San Francisco March 3-4, 1979. Abstracts of scientific sessions. PMID- 34750 TI - [A sudden inexplicable deterioration of vision caused by bromcarbamide drugs (author's transl)]. AB - On two female patients it was shown that intoxication by sedatives containing part bromecarbamide may result in various ocular diseases. The two patients complained of a sudden inexplicable deterioration of vision; semi-dilated slow responding pupils were diagnosed. Only in one case could a sudden vertical nystagmus be observed. Many possible symptoms were shown. In most cases a discontinuation of drug together with therapy lead to a complete withdrawal of symptoms. PMID- 34752 TI - The handicapped child in school. The seventh annual Schering Symposium. PMID- 34753 TI - Cation-dependent phosphatase activites in a rat pancreatic islet plasma membrane fraction prepared by one-step gradient centrifugation. AB - A plasma membrane-enriched fraction was prepared from homogenized rat pancreatic islets by a one-step sucrose gradient centrifugation. Using 125I-wheat germ agglutinin as a plasma membrane probe, a fraction was obtained at a sucrose density of about 1.10 that was enriched in 5'-nucleotidase, Mg2+-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase. The fraction contained little, if any, monoamino oxidase activity, insulin or DNA. Hydrolysis of 3-0-methyl-fluoresceinphosphate was stimulated by K+ (10mM) at a pH optimum of pH 8.2. Hydrolysis of ATP-gamma-32P in the presence of MgCl2 was of high specific activity and was optimum at pH 7.0 and 8.2. K+ did not affect ATP-hydrolysis. At pH 8.2, a small fraction of the total Mg2+-ATPase activity was inhibited by ouabain in the presence of Na+ and K+. Since K+-stimulated phosphatase activity does not correlate with Mg2+-ATPase, the two assay systems define separate enzymatic processes. PMID- 34754 TI - Formation of gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine bridges between membrane proteins by a Ca2+-regulated enzyme in intact erythrocytes. AB - A rise in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+-ions in human erythrocytes causes the formation of high-molecular-weight membrane protein polymers, cross linked by gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine side chain bridges. Cross-linking involves proteins at the cytoplasmic side of the membrane (band 4.1, spectrin, and band 3 materials) and the reaction is catalyzed by the intrinsic transglutaminase. This enzyme is regulated by Ca2+-ions and it exits in a latent form in normal cells. The protein polymer, isolated from the membranes of Ca2+ loaded intact human red cells, is heterogeneous in size and may contain as many as 6 moles of gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine cross-links per 100,000 gm of protein. Synthetic compounds, which either compete against the epsilon-lysine cross-linking functionalities of the protein substrates (eg, histamine, aminoacetonitrile, cystamine) or directly inactivate the transamidase (eg, cystamine), inhibit the membrane polymerization reaction in intact human erythrocytes. They also interfere with the Ca2+-induced irreversible shape change from discocyte to echinocyte and inhibit the irreversible loss of membrane deformability. Thus, the transamidase-catalyzed production of gamma-glutamyl epsilon-lysine cross-links in the membrane may be a common denominator in these cellular manifestations. PMID- 34755 TI - The public's view of physicians' assistants and nurse practitioners: a survey of Baltimore urban residents. AB - This study of public attitudes toward physicians' assistants and nurse practitioners finds that the public regards the two groups of health workers as remarkably similar. A telephone survey of 2,583 households in the Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area indicates that about half the population have heard of a PA or NP, though only 4 per cent report receiving care from such workers. In this urban sample, respondents accepted the principle that important medical care functions can be delegated, as long as the PA or NP is considered assistant to the physician. The public reported more acceptance of tasks performed by nurse practitioners than by physicians' assistants, though the differences are small. PMID- 34756 TI - Physician attitudes toward physician extenders: a comparison of nurse practitioners and physician assistants. AB - A survey of all physicians in the Eighth District Medical Society (Western New York) was conducted in 1975 to determine physician attitudes toward employment of and task delegation to nurse practitioners. The results of this study and one other similar study of nurse practitioners are compared to results of two previous studies examining physician attitudes toward physician assistants. It appears that physicians are somewhat more willing to employ and delegate tasks to a physician's assistant. Some correlates of physician attitudes toward each of the two types of physician extenders are also compared and discussed. PMID- 34757 TI - [Necrotizing angiitis of small vessels. A clinical study of 25 patients with skin biopsy (author's transl)]. AB - Necrotizing angiitis or vasculitis exhibits a wide clinical spectrum characterized by many different cutaneous manifestations. Diagnosis must be confirmed by histopathology. We studied in retrospect 25 patients whose conditions had been diagnosed by skin biopsy. Histologic examination revealed infiltration by polynuclear cells and fibrinoid necrosis of the walls of the blood vessels in the skin. The great variety of clinical manifestations and etiologies stands out in a review of the records of these patients. Necrotizing angiitis has been found associated with mixed cryoglobulinemia; administration of drugs, milliary tuberculosis, bacterial meningitis, rickettsiosis, staphylococcal sepsis, pharyngotonsillitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Necrotizing angiitis is a group of diseases with a great variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from benign to fatal. The various entities described to date have been more like different clinical forms of the same disease that distinct conditions. In cases of necrotizing angiitis caused by basically immunological mechanisms, the walls of the blood vessels may be impaired in varying diffuse degrees. The prognosis of the disease depends on the intensity of the inflammation and its repercussions on the parenchymas of different organs. The kidney is the most susceptible organ in this case. Treatment should be directed toward the avoidance of predisposing and etiologic factors, detection of the immunological reaction, requiring careful and individual attention in every case. PMID- 34759 TI - [Traumatic injuries of teeth]. PMID- 34758 TI - [Panarteritis nodosa with positive Australia antigen (author's transl)]. AB - A case of panarteritis nodosa with positive Australia antigen is presented. Panarteritis appeared following serum hepatitis and caused arthromyalgia, abdominal pain, prolonged fever of unknown origin, peripheral polyneuropathy, blood hypertension, and renal insufficiency. A muscular biopsy showed atrophy due to denervation and necrotizing arteritis in various stages causing serious damage to the arteries. Abdominal arteriography clearly demonstrated the existence of aneurismal dilations in the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. The angiographic findings in panarteritis nodose are discussed with special reference to the aneurysms localized in several organs. Their situation is described in detail; it is usually abdominal and more specifically intrarenal. The fact that they occur in a high percentage of cases is helpful when establishing the diagnosis. Lastly, the role of Australia antigen in the development of panarteritis nodose is discussed. It stimulates an immune response and the production of circulating immunocomplexes which are depostied on the vascular walls with complement fixation and damage to the blood vessels. The possibility that other viral agents may be present in the various types of necrotizing vasculitis in humans is commented on. PMID- 34760 TI - [Flunitrazepam with anterograde amnesia and reduction of blood pressure before local anaesthesia without intubation in 3000 ENT operations (author's transl)]. AB - After premedication with flunitrazepam=Rohypnol 2 mg orally (2--3 hours preop.) and morphine-atropine (30 min preop.) the patient receives slowly "Ro" i.v. until the phenomenon of volume reduction when speaking is observed. This allows for the smallest possible dosis to achieve sufficient amnesia. After about 20 min the patient becomes responsive again, while his amnesia lasts for about 3 hours more. The cardiovascular functions remain stable with a 25% decrease of systolic blood pressure. Vomiting is reduced. The dry operative field makes microsurgery much easier and improves the final result of the operation. After gaining sufficient experience of the staff, 100% amnesia was achieved in all operations during the last 3 months. PMID- 34761 TI - [Clinical Investigations about the behaviour of pulmonary respiration and cardiovascular circulation after the application of Rohypnol for basis-sedation for microsurgical operations in otolaryngology in local anesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of analog-sedation on pulmonary respiration and cardiovascular circulation caused by the action of pentazocine/flunitrazepam respectively in microsurgical operations under local anesthesia in otolaryngology is investigated in two collectives of patients. The results are presented and the hazards, especially the hypoxemia and its avoidance are discussed. PMID- 34762 TI - [Necrotizing angiitis after bilateral serous otitis]. PMID- 34763 TI - Effects of HCO3/CO2 on the cytochrome redox potential and metabolic responses of isolated rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 34764 TI - No changes in rat benzodiazepine receptors after withdrawal from continuous treatment with lorazepam and diazepam. PMID- 34765 TI - Benzodiazepine receptors: temperature dependence of [3H]flunitrazepam binding. PMID- 34766 TI - Effect of aging on neurotransmitter receptor binding in rat and human brain. PMID- 34767 TI - Effects of (8beta)-8-[methylthio)methyl]-6-propylergoline on dopaminergic function and brain dopamine turnover in rats. PMID- 34768 TI - Chronic haloperidol: tolerance to the stimulating effect on striatal tyrosine hydroxylase. PMID- 34769 TI - Neurochemical investigation of an endogenous model of the "hyperkinetic syndrome" in a hybrid dog. PMID- 34770 TI - Studies on the tissue distribution and stability of "big" CRF (corticotropin releasing factor). PMID- 34771 TI - Alpha-adrenergic interaction with stimulators of cyclic AMP concentrations in canine thyroid slices. PMID- 34772 TI - The application of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance to biological systems. PMID- 34773 TI - Determination of the activity of lipoxygenase (lipoxidase). PMID- 34774 TI - Solubilization and characterization of the partially purified penicillin sensitive D-alanine carboxypeptidase of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Treatment of crude gonococcal cell envelopes with a solution of 2 M KCl + 1% Brij 36T resulted in the solubilization of a portion of the D-alanine carboxypeptidase activity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae envelopes. This soluble enzyme preparation was partially resolved by chromatography on a column of DEAE-cellulose. The partially purified enzyme eluted from the column with a gradient of NaCl (0-1 M), catalysed the release of D-alanine from a radioactively labelled UDP-N-acetylmuramyl pentapeptide with a pH optimum of 8.6. The Km for the soluble enzyme acting on this substrate was 0.18 mM. The enzyme activity was sensitive to inhibition by low concentrations of the beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillin G, ampicillin, oxacillin and mecillinam. PMID- 34775 TI - Comparison of the open skull and cranial window preparations in the study of the cerebral microcirculation. PMID- 34776 TI - Quiescence and/or pathogenicity of the ascomycete micro-organism as one of three separate entities in a living animal or human host. AB - Experimental studies on I.C.R. mice with induced ascitic fluid suggest that the mold micro-organism of the ascomycete family when inoculated in a living host, with a lowered pH, may survive but only initially in a conidial phase as a distinct and separate entity. It may reside quiescently as a sexual conidium within a cell of the reticulo-endothial system or with provocation multiply as the asexual form. Because of their altered physiomorphological status these conidial bodies cannot be identified accurately either by a microscopic study on a cytobiological wet smear basis or by a stained slide, nor be readily recaptured by utilizing the conventional culture techniques. Revised culturing methods utilizing the elements carbon dioxide, sodium chloride, calcium and magnesium in Sabouraud's Agar slant aerobically may help recover the adult micro-organism for positive identification. Sometimes, however, under deteriorating or moribund status of the host the conidia may revert, in ascitic fluid, to the autonomous form spontaneously. The transformation-reformation potential of the ascomycete in vivo, the non-recognizable status of the conidial bodies, and the inability to recapture the adult autonomous form by conventional laboratory means, despite their known presence, suggests a possible relationship of this micro-organism to certain of the acute, chronic inflammatory diseases, pleomorphic tumors, granulomas, and the malignancies. These diseases despite signs of an acute or chronic inflammatory process usually give a "no growth" result. The conidial phase of the ascomycete may very well, I believe, be the malefactor in these conditions that hitherto have defied etiological explanation. PMID- 34777 TI - Pneumococcal peritonitis in adolescent girls. AB - Two cases of pneumococcal peritonitis, which occurred after puberty in previously healthy adolescent girls, are described. In each case, the infection was caused by a Type 1 tetracycline-resistant pneumococcus. PMID- 34778 TI - WMA in Manila. PMID- 34779 TI - Narcotic analgesics, addiction and endorphins. PMID- 34780 TI - [Arrhythmias. Diagnosis and therapy. LGL (Lown-Ganong-Levine) syndrome]. PMID- 34781 TI - [The influence of a combined diurectic-beta-receptorblocker therapy on elevated exercise blood pressures. Ergometric investigations in hypertensive patients (author's transl)]. AB - In hypertensive patients physical exercise can induce considerable increases of blood pressure. This means particularly for elder patients a high risk of cardiovascular complications. Therefore we investigated in 13 elder patients suffering from arterial hypertension the effect of a hypotensive combined therapy with a diuretic and a beta-receptorblocker on elevated blood pressures during and after ergometric work. Apart from the reduction of the blood pressure at rest, especially the systolic and diastolic blood pressure during exercise was lowered significantly. In addition to a diuretic hypotensive therapy a beta receptorblocker can be of great benefit also for elder patients particularly in order to reduce elevated exercise blood pressures. PMID- 34782 TI - [Saralasin in resistant hypertensive crisis (author's transl)]. AB - 4 patients with hypertensive crisis (glomerulonephritis [n = 2], phaeochromocytoma [n = 1], reno-vascular hypertension [n = 1] combined with encephalopathy, showed a normalisation of blood-pressure up to 18 days during angiotensin-II-blockade with saralasin. Prior, blood pressure was treated insufficiently by intravenous diazoxide and Na-nitroprusside. Increased plasma renin-activity and plasma levels of catecholamines pointed to an activation of the renin-angiotensin- and sympathico-adrenergic system. A trial of therapy with saralasin--especially, if blood-pressure response to diazoxide and sodium nitroprusside is insufficient--could be indicated. Side-effects like pressor reactions are excluded by very low priming doses (0,1 microgram/kg/min); rebound hypertension at the end of the therapy is avoided by an overlapping therapy with renin suppressing drugs (beta-receptor blockers, clonidine, guanfacinum). PMID- 34783 TI - [Familial endocrine adenomatosis (author's transl)]. AB - The combination of pituitary and thyroid gland adenomatosis is reported in four family members of two generations. This finding of dominant inheritance is discussed with special reference to multiple familial adenomatosis, also known as Wermer's syndrome. The endocrine status including dynamic function tests is presented. It is our intention to point out that in cases of monoglandular adenomatosis clinical attention should be directed not only to anterior pituitary and thyroid gland but also to their possible incidence with tumours of the parathyroid gland and the islet cell organ. PMID- 34784 TI - Prevention and treatment of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 34785 TI - [Improved method of counting mosquito numbers around man using a sweep net and its comparison to dark bell counting]. PMID- 34786 TI - [Regulator of insect development, dimilin, as an agent to control the larvae of blood-sucking mosquitoes in the northern taiga of the Baikal region on the route of the Baikal-Amur mainline]. PMID- 34787 TI - [Blood-sucking mosquitoes of the Upper Angara basin]. PMID- 34788 TI - Impace of depot neuroleptics on psychiatry. PMID- 34789 TI - [Hyperacute encephalomyelitis following lyssa vaccination]. AB - A case of hyperacute disseminated encephalomyelitis following lyssa-vaccination is reported. Clinical symptoms occurred on the tenth day after the vaccination and the patient died three days afterward. Demyelinization and glia proliferation was observed histologically in the spinal cord. No alterations could be seen in the peripheric nerves. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The spinal and cerebral forms of the postvaccinial encephalomyelitis can not be sharply distinguished. 2. In the postvaccinial encephalomyelitis there are also severe infiltration, demyelinization and gliosis in the opticus. 3. Post-vaccinial lyssa encephalomyelitis is a rare, but unavoidable complication of the lassa vaccination. 4. The State Insurance Company have to pay damages. PMID- 34790 TI - [Rolitetracycline in lung and biliary tract infections]. PMID- 34791 TI - Aberrations of suppressor T cells in human graft-versus-host disease. AB - To determine whether imbalances in immunoregulatory T-cell subsets exist in patients with graft-versus-host disease, we analyzed T cells in three patients with acute and in six patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease after bone marrow transplantation. The normal human peripheral-blood T-cell compartment is composed of 80 per cent TH2-and 20 per cent TH2+ T cells, and defined by reactivity with subset-specific heteroantiserums. Human suppressor cells are TH2+, whereas helper cells are TH2-. Patients with acute and chronic graft-versus host disease had abnormalities in these populations, and their T cells frequently bore la-like antigens. Patients with acute disease lacked TH2+ cells, and the reappearance of this subset preceded the cessation of disease activity. Chronic disease, in contrast, was more heterogeneous. Suppressor cells were lacking in two patients but increased in the other four. Two of these four patients had TH2+, la+ T cells, suggesting in vivo activation of suppressor cells. Studies showing that these TH2+, la+ cells actively suppressed the in vitro immune response support this hypothesis and suggest that the immunoregulatory cells may profoundly affect the overall immune response. PMID- 34792 TI - Antileukemic effect of graft-versus-host disease in human recipients of allogeneic-marrow grafts. AB - To determine whether allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation is associated with a graft-versus-leukemia effect, we examined the relation between relapse of leukemia and graft-versus-host disease in 46 recipients of identical-twin (syngeneic) marrow, 117 recipients of HLA-identical-sibling (allogeneic) marrow with no or minimal graft-versus-host disease, and 79 recipients of allogeneic marrow with moderate to severe or chronic disease. The relative relapse rate was 2.5 times less in allogeneic-marrow recipients with graft-versus-host disease than in recipients without it (P less than 0.01). This apparent antileukemic effect was more marked in patients with lymphoblastic than nonlymphoblastic leukemia, and in those who received transplants during relapse rather than during remission, and was most evident during the first 130 days after transplantation. Survival of all patients was comparable since the lesser probability of recurrent leukemia in patients with graft-versus-host disease was offset by a greater probability of other causes of death. PMID- 34793 TI - Serum potassium in lactic acidosis and ketoacidosis. PMID- 34794 TI - "Clonal selection and after," and after. PMID- 34795 TI - High-renin hypertension in necrotizing vasculitis. PMID- 34796 TI - Third Decennial Review Conference: cell, tissue, and organ culture. Gene expression and regulation in cultured cells. PMID- 34797 TI - New neural cell lines derived from experimentally induced rat tumors and from human neuroblastomas. AB - We have isolated a series of new cell lines from tumors of the nervous system. Two approaches have been used. In the first, tumors were induced in neonatal rats with the potent carcinogen ethylnitrosourea. Tumors were put into cell culture and cloned after several passages. The resultant cell lines were characterized for a variety of presumptive neuronal and glial functions. Our second approach, designed to identify lines with neuronal characteristics, has been to culture and analyze cells derived from human neurolbastomas. Five lines have been characterized for the Na+ action potential ionophore and several enzyme markers. PMID- 34798 TI - Workshop on genitourinary cancer immunology. PMID- 34799 TI - Dependence of plasmodial glutathione metabolism on the host cell. PMID- 34800 TI - [Physostigmine in the treatment of poisoning]. PMID- 34801 TI - The Netherlands Society for Clinical Science; abstracts of papers read at the 123rd meeting, January 20th, 1979, Utrecht. PMID- 34802 TI - Proceedings of the Fifty-Fifth Meeting of the British Neuropathological Society held at the University of Bristol, 21--22 July 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 34803 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of quipazine: direct serotonergic mediation. PMID- 34804 TI - Therapeutic antagonism between anticholinergic antiparkinsonism agents and neuroleptics in schizophrenia. Implications for a neuropharmacological model. AB - Systematic data from three studies suggest that anticholinergic antiparkinsonism agents, when added to ongoing neuroleptic treatment in schizophrenics, have the effect of arresting or reversing therapeutic changes, and when given alone to untreated patients, tend to further worsen their psychosis. The countertherapeutic effects of anticholinergic drugs are reflected particularly in parameters which represent features of schizophrenic psychosis most consistently responsive to neuroleptics. It is proposed that these anticholinergic effects are central in origin and point to the involvement of cholinergic mechanisms in the expression of schizophrenic psychosis and its improvement with neuroleptic medication. PMID- 34805 TI - Catastrophe theory: a model interaction between neurochemical and environmental influences in the control of schizophrenia. AB - Catastrophe theory is a new mathematical technique relating variables in a novel, discontinuous way. It suggests ways in which neurochemical and environmental influences could interact so that very small changes in either variable may produce rapid changes in intensity of psychosis that are characteristic of schizophrenia. Other behavioural and pharmacological characteristics of schizophrenia previously considered paradoxical may be similarly explicable, and the model predicts factors most likely to generate relapse. PMID- 34806 TI - Bromolysergide and methysergide protection against ECS-induced retrograde amnesia. AB - Bromolysergide (BOL 148) and methysergide (UML 491), 2 mg/kg intraperitoneally, and saline were administered to rats 45 min before one-trial passive-avoidance conditioning followed by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or sham-ECS (ECS). On test session (24 h later), the groups treated with both BOL 148 and UML 491 exhibited a clear-cut retention in comparison to saline-ECS rats. On the other hand, all drugged groups, regardless of their submission to ECS, showed a little less pronounced consolidation than saline-ECS rats. The antiamnestic effect brought about by the two drugs was discussed in terms of receptor antagonism against ECS released brain serotonin, whereas the lower passive-avoidance level observed in treated animals was considered in relation to a possible antipunishment effect of antiserotoninergic treatment. PMID- 34807 TI - Experimental myopathy induced by amphiphilic cationic compounds including several psychotropic drugs. PMID- 34808 TI - Lergotrile in Parkinson disease: further studies. AB - Lergotrile was administered to 53 patients with advanced Parkinson disease (PD), who had increasing disability despite optimal treatment with levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet). Thirty-nine patients who could tolerate at least 20 mg per day lergotrile (thus considered "adequately treated") had significant descreases in rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia, gait disturbance, and total score without increased involuntary movements. Twenty-one of these 39 patients improved by at least one stage. Among the 39 patients, 23 had "on-off" effects, and in 13 of these the "on-off" effects decreased on lergotrile. The mean daily dose of lergotrile in adequately treated patients was 49 mg, permitting a 10 percent reduction in the dose of levodopa. Lergotrile was discontinued in 33 of the 53 patients because of adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity (11 patients), mental changes (12 patients) and orthostatic hypotension (8 patients). Although lergotrile, when added to levodopa, has a definite antiparkinsonian effect, the incidence of adverse effects, particularly hepatotoxicity, makes it unlikely that this ergot alkaloid will become widely available for the treatment of PD. Analogues of lergotrile have been synthesized, and it is hoped that they will duplicate the antiparkinsonian effect of this drug without its toxicity. PMID- 34809 TI - The diagnosis and treatment of septic shock. PMID- 34810 TI - [Objectivization of the pharmacodynamic effect of a new parasympatholytic using gastric pressure readings and clinical experiments under double-blind conditions]. PMID- 34811 TI - [The treatment of acid-base imbalance in the intensive care of respiratory diseases]. AB - After giving an outline of pneumogenic respiratory insufficiency, signally that deriving from chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease, the Authors describe the intensive care of respiratory insufficiency, first from the anesthesiologist's point of view and then in a broader medical sense. In regard to the latter, the Authors emphasize the importance of material equipment and staff training and teamwork; they also list a number of possible iatrogenic disorders in intensive care. Next they discuss medical aids and more specifically the machinery designed to assist respiration, such as pulmonary ventilators and the "iron lung", as implements that can be used to advantage in medical wards. Then they describe the elements to be used for a correct assessmnet of the severity of respiratory insufficiency, under the following subheadings:--state of coma, if present;--state of acid-base balance, oxemia, and water and electrolyte balance;--circulatory compensation or failure;--need for correcting bronchial obstruction. Through several representative examples concerning the medical correction of alterations of CO2, pH, electrolyte composition, and water and blood volumes, they describe the therapeutic measures to be undertaken particularly as regards the metabolic sequels (alkalosis or acidosis) that may occur in the course of treatment. Coming next to intensive care utilizing mechanical devices, they stress the importance of monitoring the parameters of humoral balance during (and even more so, after) said treatment, in view of avoiding the emergence of iatrogenic disturbances such as the reventilation syndrome and the syndrome of post-hypercapnic metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 34812 TI - [Changes in the acid-base and water-electrolyte balance induced by salbutamol. "In vivo" studies in patients with chronic broncho-pulmonary disease and "in vitro" by tonometry of venous blood]. AB - The Authors studied the effects of e.v. Salbutamol evaluating the acute "in vivo" variations of acid-base and hydro-electrolitic balance in 16 chronic obstructive lung patients undergoing e.v. drug administration, and also ionic variations "in vitro" of venous blood samples incubated and tonometrated with the drug. The results "in vivo" do not show variations of acid-base equilibrium (paO2, paCO2, pH, HCO3-); whereas diminution of haematocrit (Ht), rise of urinary osmolarity and variations of hydro-electrolitic balance (Na+, K+, Cl-) are demonstrated. The results "in vitro" do not show considerable variations on ionic assessment. These data, according to the other latest result, indicate the possible role of haemodilution. We think that the explanation of these phenomena could be a modification of renal water and electrolytes reabsorption, likely under the influence of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), stimulated in the hypothalamus and activated also by the beta-stimulant drug at tubular cell receptors. PMID- 34813 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the respiratory function and the acid-base equilibrium in patients with chronic bronchopulmonary disease after intravenous administration of 5 beta receptor agonists]. AB - The Authors studied lung mechanics, acid-base balance parameters, arterial blood pressure and pulse rate in five different groups of chronic obstructive lung disease patients, undergoing e.v. different bronchodilators. The drug were: 1. group: 500 gamma of orciprenalina; 2. group: 500 gamma of idrossi-fenil orciprenalina; 3. group: 200 gamma of salbutamolo; 4. group: 100 gamma of trimetochinolo; 5. group: 500 gamma of terbutalina. The comparative analysis of bronchodilators, their cardiovascular effects and on acid-base balance indicate that mainly salbutamol and trimetochinol have negligeable adverse effects. PMID- 34815 TI - [11th International Congress on Gerontology in Tokyo, 20-25 August 1978]. PMID- 34814 TI - [Floctafenine in the treatment of painful syndromes of neurologic interest]. AB - The clinical results obtained with phloctaphenin in an "open" study comprising cases of real neuralgia and spinal radicular pain syndromes and in a "double blind" study comparing the preparation with a placebo, and involving algico vasomotor syndromes of the face, are reported. The results obtained confirm the antalgic power of phloctaphenin for by the third day, subacute or chronic pain syndromes already presented a significant improvement in simptomatology, while in algico-vasomotor syndromes of the face, the treatment proved effective in eliminating pain attacks. PMID- 34816 TI - Role of thiamine in regulation of fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis in cultured brain cells. PMID- 34817 TI - 1979 annual meeting of the Ohio State Medical Association. PMID- 34818 TI - [Sandosten poisoning in childhood]. PMID- 34819 TI - Physiological mechanisms of flooding (implosion) therapy. AB - Desensitization of psychological and physiological complex structures may be the most important element of flooding treatment. The implosive sessions are assumed to represent a supramaximal stimulation of pathologically excited and inert complex structures resulting in protective inhibition, irradiation of excitation, reduction of the excitation and inertness, and a decrease of the overshooting autonomic reactivity of the complex structures, leading to reduction of anxiety, aggression, and other pathologically increased feelings. Advantages such as stronger and improved flooding can be achieved by a flooding in hypnosis. The therapeutic indications go beyond the usual treatment of phobic states. In order to establish the psychological and physiological mechanisms in implosion there is a need for psychophysiological investigations. However, much is unknown about mechanisms. Controlled comparisons with other treatments give limited answers. Perhaps an international case history bank might establish which clinical conditions might benefit by technical modifications of flooding. PMID- 34820 TI - Annual meeting, The European Society for Paediatric Research and the Working Group on Mineral Metabolism, Turku, Finland, June 25--29, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 34821 TI - [Report from 15th Pediatric International Congress]. PMID- 34822 TI - [4th Russian Conference on Pediatric Neurology and Psychiatry]. PMID- 34823 TI - [Importance of multichannel pH measurement in the diagnosis of esophagogastroduodenal pathology in children]. PMID- 34824 TI - Effect of organic acid absorption on bicarbonate transport in rat colon. AB - The absorption of organic anions and the influence of these anions on the movement of HCO3- were studied in vivo in rat colon using a perfusion technique. The absorption of short chain fatty acids (SCFA's) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate was much greater than that of succinate or lactate. With increasing initial concentration of SCFA up to 100 mmol . 1-1, SCFA absorption increased linearly in correspondence with HCO3- appearance. Final pCO2 level of the perfusion solution with SCFA was the same as the plasma level. Among the SCFA's, no significant differences in absorption or their effects on HCO3- appearance were observed. The presence of Na+ stimulated SCFA absorption, and the maximum value was obtained at more than 100 mmol . 1-1 of Na+. These results suggest that a specific system for HCO3- secretion activated by SCFA exists in the colon, and that this system may control the intraluminal pH by the alkalization of intestinal contents. PMID- 34825 TI - Transient hypoxia: ventilatory response after vagotomy and during artificial phasic inflation. AB - The early ventilatory response to transient hypoxia was examined in the anaesthetized rabbit. In intact spontaneously breathing animals, an increase in tidal volume (VT) with an accompanying slight increase in inspiratory duration (TI) and a decrease in the expiratory duration (TE) was observed. After vagotomy, the ventilatory response was distinguished by a greater increase in VT and a significant decrease in TI and TE. In another group of artificially ventilated rabbits, an increase in inspiratory volume with a simultaneous decrease in breathing frequency was found to involve a smaller reflex increase in phrenic inspiratory discharge after onset of transient hypoxia. These observations suggest that afferents from pulmonary vagal stretch receptors inhibit those from arterial chemoreceptors. PMID- 34826 TI - A cholinergic mechanism involved in the neuronal excitation by H+ in the respiratory chemosensitive structures of the ventral medulla oblongata of rats in vitro. AB - The mechanism of neuronal excitation by H+ in the medullary chemosensitive structures was analyzed in brains slices of the rat in vitro. Responses of neurons to H+ in the ventral surface layer were compared with responses to various transmitter substances. Neurons excited by H+ were always also excited by acetylcholine (ACH). ACh increased the activity of 70% of superficial ventral medullary neurons. Effects of noradrenaline and serotonin on the activity of neurons were largely opposite to that of H+. Cholinergic blocking agents like atropine, hexamethonium and mecamylamine depressed the H+-elicited excitation of neurons. The cholinesterase inhibitor, eserine, increased the neuronal activity. In the presence of eserine, a solution of low pH caused further increase in discharge of most neurons. The low pH solution prolonged and augmented the excitatory action of ACh on the ventral medullary neurons. It is concluded that the H+-elicited excitation of neurons in the "chemosensitive" structures is dependent upon intact cholinergic transmission in the surface layer. This may be interpreted as resulting from facilitation and/or prolongation of such a chemical transmission by H+. PMID- 34827 TI - 99mtc-unithiol complex, a new radiopharmaceutical for kidney scintigraphy III. Studies of labelling unithiol with 99mtc. AB - Labelling of 2, 3-dimercaptopropane sodiumsulphonate (Unithiol) with 99mTc resulted in essentially three components in the GCS pofile: the top zone, a low molecular Complex A and a high-molecular Complex B. In the presence of tin metal a fourth component, Complex C, could be distinguished. Complex A was relatively independent of pH, the proportion of Complex B increased with increasing pH. Methods were developed for preparing, with over 80% labelling efficiency, either Complex A or Complex B, each having high stability in the preparation vials and in human blood. PMID- 34828 TI - Rcn Congress. Profile: green is June's valley. (June Clark). PMID- 34829 TI - Rcn Congress: TUC debate. For: why I will be voting in favour. PMID- 34831 TI - Rcn Congress. Standards: artichokes and the art of nursing. PMID- 34830 TI - Rcn Congress: TUC debate. Against: a time to say 'no'. PMID- 34832 TI - Rcn Congress: take aim and shoot for goal. PMID- 34833 TI - The prevention of prematurity. PMID- 34834 TI - [Dissonance and interference in medical communication]. PMID- 34835 TI - [Conditions of exolipase biosynthesis by the fungus Oospora fragrans]. AB - The fungal strain Oospora fragrans isolated from sunflower seeds had a high lipase activity, especially on the media containing soybean flour and various oils. The fungal lipase showed inductive characteristics, the best inducers being olive and soybean oils. The biosynthesis of lipase from O. fragrans occurred at the optimal temperature of 26-30 degrees C and strong aeration. Maximun of lipolytic activity did not coincide with maximum accumulation of biomass and developed at the log-phase of the fungal growth. With age the lipid content in the mycelium increased in parallel with the biomass accumulation. Mycelial lipids of O. fragrans contained nine fractions, among which fatty acids and triglycerides were in predominance. The study of properties of O. fragrans lipase showed a high pH value and thermal stability, the capacity to function at low temperatures, and activity towards many substrates. The enzyme readily hydrolyzed not only natural vegetable (olive, linseed and mustard) oils but also oils of microorganisms grown on petroleum hydrocarbons. PMID- 34836 TI - [Isolation of the enzyme lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens 533-5b and its characterization]. AB - From the culture liquid of Pseudomonas fluorescens 533-5b, lipase (partially purified by sulphate ammonium precipitation and dialysis) was isolated. The following properties of the enzyme were examined: effect of pH and temperature, effect of bile salts, substrate specificity, and stability during storage. The optimal action of the preparation was at 55 degrees C and pH 7.5-8.0. Sodium salts of cholic, taurocholic, deoxycholic, and glycocholic acids at concentrations over 0.5%, as a rule, activated lipolysis. The enzyme preparation was stable during storage: activity losses were no more than 15% during a 2 month storage at 4 degrees C. Lipase of Ps. fluorescens 533-5b was capable to utilize as substrates many vegetable oils (olive, corn, castor, mustard) as well as synthetic triglycerides containing carboxylic acids with short and long carbon chains. PMID- 34837 TI - [Effect of pH on the conformation properties and enzyme activity of alpha-amylase from Aspergillus terricola]. AB - The effect of pH values on the conformation state of the protein globule and enzyme activity of alpha-amylase isolated from the culture liquid of the fungus Aspergillus terricola was studied. By the method of dispersion of optical rotation, it was demonstrated that together with the disordered structure the alpha-amylase macromolecule in its native form contained alpha-helix and beta structures. With a pH change the enzyme macromolecule showed two conformational transformations: with a pH decrease from 4.0 to 2.0 alpha-helix uncoiled, and with a pH increase from 8.0 to 12.0 beta-form degraded. Hydrolytic activity of alpha-amylase was found to vary symbatically with the specific optic rotation in the above pH range. PMID- 34838 TI - Antimicrobial activity of chloramphenicol in solid dispersion systems. AB - The effect of solid dispersion techniques on the antimicrobial activity of chloramphenicol has been studied and it was proven that the antimicrobial activity of chloramphenicol is not affected when the drug is present as a coprecipitate with carbowaxes (4.000, 6.000, 12.000), and PVP 11.000 and 40.000) also in fusion systems with these polymers. In contrast, the antimicrobial activity of the drug is enhanced when it is present in the from of a solid dispersion system. PMID- 34839 TI - [Intra-arterial therapy of vascular diseases]. PMID- 34840 TI - Microvascular free transfer of human testes. AB - This clinical study was undertaken to demonstrate the feasibility of free transfer of undescended human testes with microvascular anastomoses. We have performed 4 microvascular free transfers of such testes in children aged 5, 6, and 8 years, with follow-up periods of one to three years. All 4 testes have remained clinically viable. The final proof of functional viability will have to await puberty, of course. PMID- 34841 TI - Neuroendocrine effects of chronic neuroleptic therapy in male psychiatric patients. PMID- 34842 TI - Effects of systemic and intracerebral administration of adrenergic receptor blocking drugs on the conditioned avoidance behavior and maze learning in rats. PMID- 34843 TI - Pharmaco-behavioral effects of hypothalamic peptides in animals and man: focus on thyrotropin-releasing hormone and neurotensin. PMID- 34844 TI - Psychomotor changes during the initial day of benzodiazepine medication [proceedings]. PMID- 34845 TI - Neuroleptic withdrawal dyskinesia [proceedings]. PMID- 34846 TI - Buspirone--a new antianxiety agent not chemically related to any presently marketed drugs [proceedings]. PMID- 34847 TI - Trebenzomine: a new psychotropic agent with potential as an antipsychotic and an antidepressant [proceedings]. PMID- 34848 TI - [Comparison between flunitrazepam and thiopental in the induction of anesthesia in abdominal cesarean section]. PMID- 34849 TI - [Anesthesia with flunitrazepam-ketamine combination in continuous perfusion]. PMID- 34850 TI - Concurrent daily infection of calves with Fasciola hepatica and Ostertagia ostertagi. AB - Three groups of calves were infected daily with either 1500 Ostertagia ostertagi larvae, 20 Fasciola hepatica metacercariae, or 1500 O ostertagi plus 20 F hepatica metacercariae. Weekly measurements were taken of calf weight, faecal egg output, plasma concentrations of albumin, plasma activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and pepsinogen and standard haematological indices. Calves were killed either 10 or 21 weeks after daily infections began. F hepatica infection had little influence on the size and structure of the O ostertagi worm population or vice versa. Mean worm burdens found at 20 weeks in those animals infected with both F hepatica and O ostertagi were 293 flukes and 20,641 nematodes. While this level of infection is similar to that seen in the disease complex in the field, there was no evidence of clinical disease or any difference in weight gain between the groups in this experiment. Factors other than additive worm burdens are obviously important for the expression of disease under field conditions. PMID- 34851 TI - [Epidemiologic concepts in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy]. PMID- 34852 TI - [Adenyl cyclase, cyclic nucleotides and gastroduodenal pathology]. PMID- 34853 TI - [Advanced uremia]. PMID- 34854 TI - [Pituitary hyperfunction, a cardiovascular risk factor]. PMID- 34855 TI - [Mucoviscidosis in adult pathology]. PMID- 34856 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes of borderline significance during the effort test in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 34858 TI - [Disaccharidase activity of the jejunal mucosa in lactose intolerance]. PMID- 34857 TI - [Angiographic aspects of hydatid cyst of the liver]. PMID- 34859 TI - [Radiation-induced rectosigmoiditis]. PMID- 34860 TI - [Effect of clofibrate on glucide tolerance in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipoproteinemia]. PMID- 34861 TI - [Late effectiveness of various therapeutic methods in obesity]. PMID- 34862 TI - [Value of scintigraphy of the hands using 99mTc-tin polyphosphate in the diagnosis of stage I of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 34863 TI - [Histamine-calcium interaction in the process of gastric acid secretion in man (preliminary note)]. PMID- 34864 TI - [Localization of histamine H2 receptors--their activation and inhibition (preliminary note)]. PMID- 34865 TI - [Control of ventricular tachycardia by rapid electric stimulation of the ventricle]. PMID- 34866 TI - Vasomotor rhinitis--pathophysiological aspects. AB - Vasomotor rhinitis is commonly defined as an unspecific hyperractivity of the nasal mucosa. The symptoms might be due to increased parasympathetic activity to the nose with the release of vaso-secretory active substances. Experimental data from the cat suggest that the postganglionic parasympathetic mediator of nasal secretion is cholinergic, whereas the vascular responses appears to be due to a different mechanism. Apart from a rich sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the nasal mucosa there are other nerve fibres containing substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). The secreto-vasomotor responses can be influenced by activation of these fibres and the atropine resistant vasodilatation seen following Vidian nerve stimulation thus may partly be due to activation and release of SP and VIP. Furthermore, other vasoactive substances released such as e.g. SRS or Kallikrein may participate in these reactions. PMID- 34867 TI - [The diagnostic management of aortic disease (excluding dissection)]. PMID- 34868 TI - [Takayasu's disease]. PMID- 34869 TI - Some biochemical mechanisms of arterial hypertension. PMID- 34870 TI - [Ionized fluorine in the plasma and urine of subjects treated with organofluorine drugs prescribed in rheumatology]. AB - The elimination of ionized urinary fluorine was studied in groups of eight subjects treated during several days with niflumic acid, flufenamic acid, sulindac, antrafenine and floctafenine. Sulindac and floctafenine do not changes this elimination. After administration of niflumic acid, flufenamic and antrafenine, the urinary elimination of ionized fluorine increase in all the subjects. This increase is manifested from the start of treatment and persists for several days after it has been stopped. The administration of three drugs also results in an elevated level of ionized plasmic fluorine the duration of treatment. The results prove the existence in the human organism of a metabolic process capable of effecting the ionization of the organic fluor contained in the drugs studied. This biotransformation causes a fluorine impregnation of endogenous origin that is permanent and relatively stable, and whose consequences are examined (risk of fluorine osteosis and possibility of therapeutic application). PMID- 34871 TI - Benorylate in the treatment of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 34872 TI - Symptomatic response of osteoarthrosis to benorylate. A dose discrimination study. PMID- 34873 TI - Allergic granulomatous angiitis. AB - A 15-year-old boy died after a 3 years' illness; asthmatic bronchitis, recurrent heart failure and eosinophilia were the essential manifestations. The autopsy elicited a diagnosis of allergic granulomatous angiitis, because of angiitis with fibrinoid necrosis and granulomatous lesions in vascular and extravascular regions. The most important differential diagnostic aspects of this disease are discussed, especially the resemblances to Wegener's granulomatosis, hypersensitivity angiitis and polyarteritis nodosa. PMID- 34874 TI - Blood eosinophil leucocyte and eosinophil cationic protein. In vivo study of the influence of beta-2-adrenergic drugs and steroid medication. AB - The in vivo effect of beta-2-adrenergic stimulating and blocking drugs and of corticosteroid medication on blood eosinophils and serum eosinophil cationic protein (S-ECP) has been studied. The beta-2-adrenergic drugs, salbutamol and terbutaline, had an eosinopenic effect. They were able to decrease S-ECP concentration, which administration of steroid was not, indicating that only the adrenergic stimulators affect leucocyte secretion. Care must be taken in interpretation of blood eosinophil count and S-ECP concentration, and the actual medical treatment must be known. PMID- 34875 TI - Aspects on bronchial beta2-receptor tolerance. PMID- 34876 TI - [Effect of a chronic alpha adrenergic receptor blockade on basal secretion of renin in essential hypertension]. AB - To investigate the effect of chronic alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade on renin release, plasma renin activity (PRA) was determined overnight at short intervals in 9 patients with essential hypertension before and after 7 days medication with phenoxybenzamine (20 mg orally/day). Inhibition of basal (supine) renin secretion in response to alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade was more apparent in patients with elevated PRA (n = 3) than in those with normal PRA. On the other hand, patients with low PRA (n = 2) even showed an increase in renin release. In addition, night-day variations with secretory episodes in PRA were blunted during drug administration. It is suggested that alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade inhibits renin secretion distal to its blockade of specific adrenergic receptors. However, the increase in renin release during phenoxybenzamine observed in patients with low PRA indicates that the responsiveness of renin secretion to stimulatory effects (most probably induced by the lowered blood pressure in our patients) remained intact during alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade. PMID- 34877 TI - Both photons and fluoride ions excite limulus ventral photoreceptors. AB - Illuminating Limulus ventral photoreceptors with dim light results in a response composed of discrete waves. In the dark, adding 10 mM sodium fluoride to the artificial seawater that bathes the photoreceptor includes discrete waves. The fluoride-induced waves are similar to those evoked by light. These findings suggest that fluoride induces a process similar or identical to visual excitation of the photoreceptor. PMID- 34878 TI - Synaptic potentials effect the release of transmitter from locust nonspiking interneurons. AB - An excitatory synaptic potential in a local nonspiking interneuron of a locust is able to effect the release of chemical transmitter. The consequence is that a discrete inhibitory synaptic potential is evoked in an identified postsynaptic motoneuron. These local interactions between interneurons and motoneurons are of behavioral significance in that they ensure the correct operation of a resistance reflex. PMID- 34879 TI - beta-Adrenergic regulation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate concentration in brain microvessels. AB - Norepinephrine increases the concentration of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in an incubated suspension of brain microvessels. This response can be matched by other drugs that stimulate the beta receptors, but the alpha adrenergic agonist phenylephrine is without effect; beta-adrenergic blockade abolishes the response while alpha-adrenergic blockade produces no change. The data support the contention that cerebral capillary function is subject to adrenergic neural control. PMID- 34880 TI - [Orthostatic hypotension and obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors relate two cases of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis detected after orthostatic hypotension with syncope. This type of detection has not been described till now. Relations between idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and orthostatic hypotension are debated as well as relation between IHSS and systemic hypertension which has existed previously in the two cases. It seems suitable to call up IHSS systematically before every orthostatic hypotension at least in elderly. Beta-blockers can in such cases considerably improve orthostatic symptoms. PMID- 34881 TI - [Hyperacute periarteritis nodosa complicating Basedow's disease]. AB - The symptoms and the evolution of necrotizing vasculitis vary greatly. The authors illustrate the case of an 18 year old patient with a history of frequent allergic manifestations (urticaria and others) who was found to have, in septembre 1975, a typical case of Grave's disease. During the following 2 months she was treated with an iodide derivative. One year later the clinical signs increased to the point where a treatment associating lugol, carbamizole and propanolol was deemed necessary. Less than 2 months later there developed a polyvisceral disease with oscillating fever, polyarthralgia and necrotizing vasculitis. The plurivisceral nature of the illness was further illustrated by the presence of a hyperreflexia, a glomerulopathy and retinal exsudats. A muscle biopsy revealed the necrotizing vasculitis with granulomas typical of periarteritis nodosa. Cardiac, neurologic and renal complications were responsable for a rapid down-hill course and despite corticoides and immunosuppresive drugs, the patient died after a few weeks of treatment. That periarteritis nodosa should complicate the evolution of Grave's disease suggests a connection between the two, very probably immunologic in nature. The role of drugs capable of inducing vasculitis must be explored, especially the iodide derivatives, the antithyroid medications or their association. Such cases, even though they may be rare, should incite special care in the prescription of antithyroid drugs in the allergic patient. PMID- 34882 TI - [Dyskinetic syndromes in psychiatric patients (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical effects of tiapridal on dyskinesias of all types were evaluated in adult psychiatric patients. Results demonstrated that the product was effective against alcoholic tremors and the motor disturbances provoked by neuroleptics. It was also noted that tiapridal possesses other useful properties including quite marked anxiolytic and antidepressant activities. PMID- 34883 TI - [The atypical forms of psychic excitation or hidden excitations (author's transl)]. AB - If the different forms of depression of humour are nowdays well known and easily surrounded and treated, it's for from being the case for the forms of excitation of humour, though they are as numerous. In these forms, indeed, whether they are atypical maniac attacks of hypomania, it may happen that the pathological nature of psychic excitation posses unnoticed, as well for the patient as for his familiars, or it may also happen that the excitation of humour desguises with "masks" suggesting other troubles, mental or not, which bad to delays in the setting of adapted treatments. These "masks" are essentially: -- hysteria and perturbations of character, in the neurosis register; -- delirious aspects, schizophrenical or confusional, in the psychosis register. In these states of hidden excitation, the most difficult thing, nevertheless, is to obtain from the patient a sincere claim for cares, contrarily to what can be noticed in the states of hidden deppression in which the somatical or psychological "complaints" of the patients are very easily exposed to the physician, a generalist as well as a specialist, and the treatments can be searched for. PMID- 34884 TI - [Treatment of immediate post-operative agitation (author's transl)]. AB - Though organic causes and operative factors can produce post-operative agitation, a background of anxiety, alcoholism, or neurosis plays a major role in its development. Excellent results were obtained with tiapride in 58 patients with post-operative agitated states. Local and general tolerance were both excellent. Furthermore, an association of tiapride-corticoids was effective in treating post anaesthetic spasm of the glottis. PMID- 34885 TI - [Headaches of dental origin (author's transl)]. AB - Headaches are frequent symptoms. Their etiology is due to multiple disturbances of various origins : vascular, digestive, arthrosic, ophthalmologic, ORL. The origin of a headaches is not always quickly revealable to the physician, and the usual analgesics do not soothe the pain. The studied cases prove that most of the headaches are accompanied by dental functional signs, and a panoramic radiography of the jaw can guide the diagnosis. For each studied case, the stomatologic treatment leads to the complete withdrawal of the aching symptom; therefore the presence of the dental etiology in headaches is proved. PMID- 34886 TI - [Phlegmon of the fore arm succeeding to a dog-bite : respective role of the miscellaneous bacteria involved in this mixed infection (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of a severe mixed infection (phlegmon of the fore arm) succeeding to a dog bite. A complex flora has been isolated from this phlegmom : Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella pneumotropica, Streptococcus mitis, Actinomyces sp., Bacteroides melaninogenicus, and a Gram- bacteria related to group II j. The pathogeny of such diseases is discussed, dwelling in one hand on the part of synergistic development of these various germs and in the other hand on the part played by saliva in the severity of animal or human bites. This kind of wound requires careful disinfection and radical debridment without omitting a preventive broad-spectrum antibiotherapy. PMID- 34887 TI - Azulfidine therapy for ulcerative colitis in infancy. AB - The reported patient represents an example of extensive colonic disease at an uncommon age of involvement. The significant response to salicylazosulfapyridine therapy with this degree of involvement at this age is uncommon. This case suggests the value of an initial trial of medical therapy with salicylazosulfapyridine before the use of steroids or colectomy is contemplated in infants with ulcerative colitis. PMID- 34888 TI - Alphaviruses in Peninusular Malaysia: I. Virus isolations and animal serology. AB - A survey of the activity of three alphaviruses (Sindbis, getah and chikungunya) in Peninsular Malaysia was conducted between 1962 and 1970. Serum samples were examined from 3,917 vertebrates representing a wide variety of wild and domestic animals throughout the peninsula for hemagglutination-inhibiting and neutralizing antibodies. A total of 548,939 mosquitoes were collected from different habitats, including jungle, rural, suburban and urban areas, and the majority of the females taken were examined for the presence of virus. Two strains of Sindbis virus and one strain of getah virus were isolated from pools of Culex mosquitoes collected in and around domestic animal shelters. Analysis of the serological results indicated that, 1) getah virus is associated principally with large domestic animals, particularly swine, 2) Sindbis virus is associated with large domestic animals and birds, especially domestic ducks, and 3) chikungunya virus, which has not yet been isolated in Malaysia, appeared to be present at a very low level of activity, probably with wild monkeys as the vertebrate hosts. PMID- 34889 TI - Distribution and density of mosquitoes in two endemic areas for bancroftian filariasis in Sorsogon, Philippines. AB - Mosquito density in Rangas where abaca is in abundance is much higher, almost twice, than that of Putiao where abaca is absent. The adult density of Aedes poecilus over Aedes ananae in the two areas combined is 3 to 4 times whereas the larval density of the former is much lower than Aedes ananae. The banana axils is a favorite breeding place for Aedes poecilus but may also utilize the abaca axils. This finding is very favorable in the transmission of bancroftian filariasis because this species of banana is planted around houses even closer to human dwelling than the abaca plants. Aedes poecilus being more anthropophylic than zoophylic can be domesticated as Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti which again is a factor in favor of ideal transmission of the disease. The fact that bananas are planted around houses both in villages and towns, transmission of the disease could easily occur in both places, which should be borne in mind when planning a control program. The number of dissected mosquitoes is too small to be of significance in vector determination. PMID- 34890 TI - Djenkol bean as a cause of urolithiasis. AB - An 8-year-old boy was admitted into the hospital with symptoms of anuria after consumption of 12 djenkol beans. Laparotomy showed a urethral calculus, size 2.0 x 0.4 cm, which was found to contain djenkolic acid 65 gm/100 gm stone with a small amount of protein, sodium, potassium and uric acid. This calculus contained no calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, ammonium salt, oxalate, carbonate, cystine and fibrin. The solubility of L-djenkolic acid in urine at 37 degrees C was found to be pH dependent, i.e., the higher the pH, the increase in solubility of djenkolic acid. D-pencillamine also showed similar effect, increasing the solubility of L djenkolic acid in the urine at pH 5.7 in vitro. The cause and mechanism of formation of djenkolic acid crystals and calculi were discussed. PMID- 34891 TI - A mermithid parasite in the thorax of an adult mosquito. PMID- 34892 TI - Melanotic encapsulation of mermithids by mosquito larvae. PMID- 34893 TI - The declaration of alma-ata. PMID- 34894 TI - [ILO's Convention proposals concerns nursing personnel]. PMID- 34895 TI - [Nursing conference in the specialty of cancer nursing]. PMID- 34896 TI - [Long term care conference in Kotka]. PMID- 34897 TI - [Polish administrative nurses]. PMID- 34898 TI - [Effectiveness and comparative evaluation of various means of arrhythmia prophylaxis in acute period of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 34899 TI - [Camazepam (Albego) in psychovegetative dysregulations and psychosomatic disorders]. PMID- 34900 TI - [Methodological aspects of the testing of beta-blockers in patients with obstructive lung disease]. PMID- 34901 TI - [Neuroleptics. Pharmacologic evaluation and clinical effect]. PMID- 34902 TI - Some biochemical parameters for qualification of bull semen. AB - Since the macroscopical and microscopical examination of bull semen does not in all cases appear to give conclusive indications concerning the fertilizing capacity, an investigation of some biochemical parameters was undertaken. It was shown that the following biochemical examination could furnish some more information about the quality of the semen: (1) Determination of the phenylalanine- alpha-ketoglutarate transminase activity both in the seminal plasma and in the whole semen. A high transminase activity in the plasma points to leakage out of the spermatozoa, thus indicating an affection of the spermatozoa. In that case larger amounts of basic amino acids and of leucine were often found in the seminal plasma than would normally be observed. (2) Gas chromatographic examination of the steroids occurring both in the seminal plasma and in the spermatozoa. In a number of infertile bulls small peaks of progesterone were found together with those of other, unidentified compounds. (3) Investigation of the carbohydrate metabolism in the semen. In a number of fertile bulls the following deviations were found: a. the presence of quite a lot of fructose in the spermatozoa; b. the presence of glucuronic acid and/of other foreign compounds in the spermatozoa or in the plasma; c. an elevated pH in the seminal plasma some 2 to 3 hours after ejaculation; d. a low phenylalanine- alpha ketoglutarate transaminase activity in the whole semen (the spermatozoa had been disrupted by freezing). (4) Investigation of the presence of reducing aldehydes (glycoladehyde and glyceraldehyde) inside the spermatozoa. The determinations mentioned under 1, 3c and 3d can easily be carried out in the laboratories of each District Animal Health Service and of the A.I. stations; the same is true of the occurrence of amino acids in the seminal plasma and of fructose and aldehydes inside the spermatozoa if facilities are available for electrophoresis and chromatography. PMID- 34903 TI - Fourth Joint Meeting on Stroke and Cerebral Circulation, Phoenix, Arizona, February 8-10, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 34904 TI - Proceedings of the 98th Annual Congress of the Ophthalmological Societies of the United Kingdom. Papers. PMID- 34905 TI - Symposium on Advances in Surgical Instrumentation and their Application to the Management of Ocular Trauma. Papers. PMID- 34906 TI - Symposium on secondary glaucoma. Papers. PMID- 34907 TI - Nomenclature of graft-versus-host disease in popliteal lymph node. PMID- 34908 TI - [Mechanisms of the structural changes in erythrocyte membranes under the action of a shift in pH]. AB - The effect of pH shifts (5--10) on erythrocyte "ghosts" has been studied using the IR spectroscopy. The process of regulation has been shown to take place within pH 7.15--8 range involving both protein (transition testified by absorption band changes 1520, 1540, 1635, 1645, 1585, 1696, 3305 CM-1) and lipid membrane components testified by absorption band splits 1745, 1470, 1380, 720 AND 1242 cm-1. The transition from a lesser to a higher regulating state of membrane structure happens unevenly, since the above changes take place within the narrow pH 7.15--8 interval, near the homeostase limit, being never observed at pH 5- 7.15 or 8--10. It is supposed that the increase in regulation of both protein, phospholipid and lipid membrane fields is of phasic nature which presumably constitutes the basis for pH action mechanism as a regulation factor. PMID- 34909 TI - [Ribonuclease of cultured young pig kidney cells]. AB - Two alkaline RNases and three forms of the enzyme are detected in the cell cytoplasm of the pigling kidney culture transplanted line (IB-RS-2) by gel filtration through Sephadex G-100, G-150 and by chromatography on molselect SE 50. The former two RNases are in complex with the enzyme inhibitor and the latter three forms manifest their action in the pH acid region. PMID- 34910 TI - [NADPH-dependent oxidation in endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver after valexon administration]. AB - Changes of different type are detected in components of NADPH-dependent oxidation. The changes begin in different periods (1, 5, 15 days) after administration of valexon to the animals. In the first day the hydroxylase activity is inhibited against a background of the uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase activity increase and intensification of ascorbic acid excretion with urine. Five days after the uridine diphosphate glucuronyl transferase activity becomes normal, the ascorbic acid excretion remains intensified and the demethylase and hydroxylase activities increase. Fifteen days later the hydroxylase activity becomes normal, but the demthylase activity and intensity of ascorbic acid excretion are still increased. PMID- 34911 TI - [Isoelectric spectra of liver tissue and blood serum albumin for rabbits of different age]. AB - The isoelectric spectrum of albumin isolated from the liver and blood serum of 30 , 45- and 90-day rabbits was studied. By the method of isoelectric focusing in the boron-borate buffer--mannitol system. It is shown that the liver albumin displays heterogeneity ans is separated into four-five fractions, with pJ 4.8 6.0. Age peculiarities are found for the isoelectric spectrum of this protein. The serum albumin spectrum for rabbits of the studied age groups is characterized by the presence of a homogeneous peak with pJ 5.59, 5.57 and 5.47 corresponding to 30, 45 and 90-day age, respectively. Identity of serum albumin and protein of some liver albumin spectrum components is established by analyzing the pattern of the isoelectric spectrum for a mixture of preparations of 90-day rabbit proteins under comparison. PMID- 34912 TI - [Isoelectric fractions of healthy human serum albumin and their ability to bind bilirubin]. AB - The article deals with the isoelectric spectrum of human serum albumin isolated by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, on agar-agar, by salting out with ammonium sulphate and also by the Cohn method. It is shown that the way of albumin isolation, except the Cohn method, does not affect the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of its isoelectric spectrum obtained on ampholines by focusing. Fractions isolated from healthy people have always pI 4.7, 5.1, 5.5, their ratio being different. Albumin and its fractions are identical immunochemically. Dispersion of the fraction content optic rotation, except the fraction with pI 5,1, is the same as in initial albumin. Bilirubin is bound mainly (80%) by the fraction with pI 4.7 and it is absent in the fraction with pI 5.5. PMID- 34913 TI - Ultrasonics International 79. Kongress Zentrum Stefaniensall, Graz, Austria, 15 18 May 1979. Abstract of main session papers. PMID- 34914 TI - [Is motilin a gastrointestinal hormone?]. PMID- 34915 TI - Pharmacological management of common urodynamic problems. PMID- 34916 TI - Clinical disorders of calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and hydrogen ion metabolism: diagnostic approach. AB - Information concerning normal concentrations of serum calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and hydrogen ion, as well as clinically useful data concerning absorption and excretion of these physiologically important ions, are reviewed. Clinical approaches to diagnosis of these electrolyte disturbances are summarized with special emphasis on interpretations of these disorders in children. PMID- 34917 TI - Gonadal venography for preoperative localization of nonpalpable testes in adults. AB - Gonadal venography was attempted in an effort to locate preoperatively ten nonpalpable testes in adults. In five attempts, neither selective catheterization nor complete visualization of the gonadal vein could be accomplished and no definitive information was obtained regarding the presence or location of a gonad. However, in 4 cases we were able either to visualize the position of the nonpalpable testis or predict correctly the absence of testicular tissue by the appearance of an abrupt termination or absence of the gonadal vein. One false negative study was obtained. PMID- 34918 TI - Uropharmacology: X. Central nervous system stimulants and depressants. AB - Several drugs that are utilized primarily for their effects on the central nervous system also affect lower urinary tract function. Most of these effects are produced by the action of these drugs on adrenergic and cholinergic receptors or by direct action of lower urinary tract musculature. Central nervous system stimulants and depressants which are known to affect the storage or evacuation role of the lower urinary tract are discussed. PMID- 34919 TI - Bruising and muscle pH with mixing groups of cattle pre-transport. AB - The effects on bruising and muscle pH of mixing cows and steers at loading, and 96 hours before loading, for transport to slaughter were examined. A second experiment investigated the effect on bruising of mixing two strange groups of steers at loading, 24 and 96 hours before loading. All cattle were hornless Bos indicus crossbreds from the same property in north Queensland. The bruise score, bruise trim weight and muscle pH of mixed cows and steers did not differ significantly from that of those transported separately. Mixing of two strange groups of steers did not significantly affect bruising. Time of mixing had no noteworthy effect on bruising. Cows bruised significantly (P less than 0.01) more than steers. These results have important implications for low cost beef management. PMID- 34920 TI - [Effect of the pH of the medium on the morphology of BP cell cultures and their sensitivity to the foot-and-mouth disease virus]. PMID- 34921 TI - [Listeria viability in silage]. PMID- 34922 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium in mother and fetus during labor and the resistance of newborn calves]. AB - Investigated were a total of 59 cows presenting normal processes, of giving birth as well as dystocia, the time of delivery lasting 2, 10, 24, and 36 hours. Seventeen cows with dystocia were treated intravenously with 500 cm3 of a 4 per cent solution of sodium bicarbonate and 40 g glucose. It was found that the changes in the pH values, alkali reserves, glycogen, and the peroxydase activity of the neutrophiles in the mothers and fetuses were dependent on the duration of parturition. Cases of difficult labour with a prolonged calving period led to lowering the pH values the alkali reserves, and the enzyme activity of leukocytes both in the cows and the newborn calves. Newborns delivered 24 and 36 hours from the beginning of the parturition act showed low resistance and had weakly expressed phagocytic and bactericidal blood activity. The intravenous application of 50 ml of a 4% solution of sodium bicarbonate and 40 g glucose to cows with dystocia up to the 10th day led to a compensatory response on behalf of the acid base balance in the calves. PMID- 34923 TI - The structure of cauliflower mosaic virus. I. pH-induced structural changes. PMID- 34924 TI - Cation binding by papaya mosaic virus and its protein. PMID- 34925 TI - [Aspects of the electrophoresis of enzymatic preparations]. PMID- 34926 TI - [Establishment of diurnal rhythms on the basis of the indicators of gas composition and acid-base equilibrium of blood in newborn infants]. PMID- 34927 TI - [Comparative analysis of the morphogenesis of the Getah virus in cell cultures of vertebrates and mosquitoes]. AB - Reproduction of Getah virus (the genus Alphavirus) in piglet kidney (PK) and A. aegypti mosquito cell cultures was studied morphologically. Inoculation of PK cells resulted in the development of a lytic infection. Virus morphogenesis in these cells showed the features known for other alphaviruses. In mosquito cell cultures persistent infection developed which was not accompanied by any marked changes in morphology or proliferative activity of the culture. All the morphological and cytochemical data indicate that a certain role in the establishment and maintenance of virus persistence in A. aegypti cell culture may be played by exo- and endophagocytic processes owing to which a peculiar "self-purification" of the cells from the virus and its components occurs. Incubation of the persistently infected culture of mosquito cells at a suboptimal temperature resulted in a marked reduction in the number of newly formed virions which sharply increased with the shift up to the optimal temperature. The experimental results give some insights into certain aspects of alphavirus ecology. PMID- 34928 TI - [Comparative study of the antiviral properties of histones of animal and plant origin]. AB - The antiviral properties of histones of animal (thymus) and plant (French beans) origin were studied in plants and with a plant virus, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Histones of the thymus and French beans were shown to be able to inhibit TMV reproduction. The antiviral properties of histones were found to depend on their concentration, pH, and to be determined by the modes of their introduction into leaves. The manifestation of the antiviral properties of histones seems to require not only their direct contact with virus but also a certain exposure on the leaf. The similarities of antiviral protective mechanisms of plants and animals determined by substances of the protein nature are discussed. PMID- 34930 TI - [International symposium devoted to chronic viral infections]. PMID- 34929 TI - [Comparative study of interferon production in mice with the graft versus host reaction]. AB - Mice with graft versus host reaction (GVHR) show a decreased production of serum interferon and that produced by the bone marrow and spleen cells and blood leukocytes in vitro upon inoculation with Newcastle disease virus. Interferon induction with lipopolysaccharide of Flexner bacteria resulted in activation of production of serum interferon and that induced in spleen cell and blood leukocyte suspensions. Serum interferon production after administration of poly(I) . poly(C) was similar in mice with GVHR and controls. PMID- 34931 TI - [Serum 5-nucleotidase activity in chronic hepatobiliary diseases]. AB - Serum activity of 5-H studied in 178 patients with chronic liver bile diseases: chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, neoplasms of the liver and bile ducts, benign biliary diseases, chronic alcoholism, liver enzymopathies. Enzyme activity is elevated in all diseases but reaches its highest in the presence of biliary stasis. In comparison with APh, gamma-GTP, LAP and cholesterol the deviations of 5-H in biliary stasis are quantitatively better manifested. The diagnostic value (reliability) of six indices for the differential diagnosis of biliary stasis was studied. APh, 5-H, gamma-GTP have a high diagnostic sensitivity, whereas Lp-H, cholesterol and 5-H revealed a high specificity and the highest "predicting" value. The method used for the assessment of 5-H activity is distinguished for its reliable analytical qualities and is appropriate for routine labour diagnostics. PMID- 34932 TI - [Pathomorphological studies of the testes in various forms of hypogonadism in young men]. AB - The authors studied 32 biopsies of testes of patients, aged 18 to 26 with various forms of male hypogonadism: Klinefelter's syndrome--16, primary hypotrophy pogonadism with other known and unknown etiology--6, cryptorchism--1, secondary hypogonadism--4, later puberty--3. The materials were studied by the standard histological techniques. The authors report about definite structural changes with the various forms of hypogonadism, manifested in the elements of seminal tubules, Sertoli's cells, basal membrane of the ducts and Leydig's cells, situated in the interstitial spaces. PMID- 34933 TI - [Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase as an early enzymatic test in the acute phase of viral hepatitis in children]. PMID- 34934 TI - [Bromazepam in the treatment of somatized psychogenic disorders (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical effects are reported of the benzodiazepine derivative, bromazepam (Lexotanil) in the treatment of psychosomatic disorders in the course of neurotic, psychovegetative, and masked depressive syndromes. The drug was administered orally in 301 patients (178 males, and 123 females). Target symptoms were anxiety, tension, and varied organic dysfunction of psychogenic origin. The optimum daily dosage was three times 3 mg; the duration of treatment ranged from 1 week to 34 months. The effect of treatment was considered excellent in 51.5%, good in 42.5%, moderate in 2%, and absent in 4%. The most responsive target symptoms were psychogenic disorders of the cardiovascular system and of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as anxiety, while no true antidepressive effect was observed. Drug tolerance is excellent. Slight fatigue, vertigo or a mild reduction in psychomotor activity were complained of by about 10% of the patients and usually occurred with daily doses of 18 mg or more, whereas no other side effects were observed. There was no obvious tendency to drug dependence even after after long-term treatment of up to 34 months. Bromazepam appears to be a superior compound to other anxiolytic and psychovegetatively active minor tranquillisers on account of its mild hypnotic action. Its anxiolytic effect causes additional indirect sleep induction in the above-mentioned conditions. PMID- 34935 TI - [Acute pharmacotoxic psychoses in patients with chronic cerebral disorders]. AB - 269 patients suffering from progredient, chronic either primary or secundary cerebral diseases (Parkinson's disease, cerebral vascular diseases, cerebral atrophic dystrophy, Huntington's chorea, muliple sclerosis have been studied in the last two years. 44 of these patients developed pharmaco-toxic psychoses during drug treatment (low and medium dosis). The psycho-pathological rating resulted in an acute organic brain syndrome with predominance of confusion, sometimes progressing to delirium. EEG was changed during the psychotic stage. These changes cannot be decided from organic psychoses, which are not related to drugs. Patients with Parkinson's disease showed a relatively high incidence to psychoses during drug treatment (51.47%). In patients without Parkinson's disease, but on treatment with antidepressants, neuroleptics, diuretics and digitalis, pharmacotoxic psychoses only could be observed in 4.4% of the patients. However, the same group of patients showed an acute organic brain syndrome in 12.43%, when not on treatment. Combined treatment with L-DOPA plus peripherally acting decarboxylase inhibitors resulted in a high incidence to psychoses in idiopathic Parkinsonism but the same dosis produced this side effect only in a few patients with cerebral atrophic dystrophy. The ratio was 5:1 between the former group and the later one. That means, that L-DOPA is a much more psychotoxic substance in Parkinsonism when compared to other cerebral diseases. These pharmacotoxic psychoses could be correlated with the progredience of the disease. These pharmacotoxic psychoses are not only dependent from age and duration of treatment. Evidence exist, that there might be a correlation between the incidence for pharmacotoxic psychoses and the lack of surviving dopaminergic neurons in the nigro-striatal areas. Treatment with very low doses of neuroleptics suppresses pharmacotoxic psychoses but allow a further anti Parkinson therapy which is of vital necessity. PMID- 34936 TI - [New aspects of long-term asthma therapy]. AB - Asthma is a chronic disease requiring long-term treatment, principally on an ambulant basis. A regimen is described involving all the measures which are practicable in ambulant use--elimination of allergens, hyposensitization and multiple drug treatment with corticosteroids, ACTH, beta-adrenergic agents, anticholinergics, theophylline, sodium cromoglicate and the new compound, ketotifen--taking into account both the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease and synergistic effects of the available medicines. The immediate aim is to give the patient sustained freedom from symptoms. Once this has been achieved, multiple drug treatment can gradually give way to a protective/prophylactic regimen. Two-and-a-half years of experience with the oral antianaphylactic histamine-release inhibitor, ketotifen, have convinced us that this new drug is very suitable both as part of a multiple-drug regimen designed to bring the condition under control, and as a prophylactic for subsequent protection against further attacks. An additional advantage of ketotifen is the very low incidence of adverse reactions. Brief reference is also made to the treatment of infections and to the role of psychotherapy, breathing exercises and sport in asthma therapy. PMID- 34937 TI - Serum opsonic deficiency produced by Streptococcus pneumoniae and by capsular polysaccharide antigens. AB - The opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of S. pneumoniae types 6, 7, 18, and 23 were determined in normal and C2 deficient serum, and in normal serum chelated with magnesium ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid. All four strains were effectively opsonized via the alternative complement pathway, a finding suggesting that the capsular polysaccharides of these strains activated complement via the alternative pathway. Since bacteremic pneumococcal disease is often associated with circulating capsular polysaccharide, it was considered that this cellular component may activate complement in vivo and impair host defenses by producing an opsonic defect for pneumococci. To examine this hypothesis, serum was incubated with suspensions of whole S. pneumoniae types 6, 7, 18, or 23 or with purified capsular polysaccharide from each of these types, and residual complement activity and opsonic capacity were measured. Hemolytic C 3--9 complement activity and opsonic capacity for 3H-thymidine labeled Salmonella typhimurium, a species effectively opsonized via the alternative pathway, were reduced in serum following incubation. Polysaccharide concentrations as low as 1 microgram/ml inhibited serum opsonic capacity for salmonella. Whole pneumococci and pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide also inhibited the opsonic activity of human C2 deficient serum for salmonella, further evidence for activation of complement via the alternative pathway. Pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide markedly inhibited the opsonic capacity of normal serum for the homologous pneumoccal type. Thus, amounts of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide, similar to those found in the serum of patients with pneumococcal disease, bring about decomplementation of serum via activation of the alternative pathway and inhibit pneumococcal opsonization. PMID- 34938 TI - [Beta-receptor blockers in ischemic heart disease: the pathophysiological and clinical aspects]. PMID- 34939 TI - [The significance of various sympathetic reaction types for the type of noise reaction]. PMID- 34940 TI - [Inhibition of blood platelet function]. AB - Blood platelets play a decisive role in haemostasis and thrombosis. Besides the known approaches for preventing thrombosis by inhibition of the plasmatic coagulation, it seems promising to prevent thrombus formation, particularly in the arterial vasculature, by pharmacological control of platelet functions. Drugs with antiaggregating effects are described from the clinico-pharmacological point of view. Non-steroidal antiphlogistics - especially acetylsalicylic acid - several vasodilators, alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, as well as some others have been used therapeutically. To test these drugs for the prophylaxis of thrombosis, long-term prospective clinical trials are necessary. PMID- 34941 TI - [The exocrine pancreatic function in chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - 46 patients, who suffered from chronic renal insufficiency (serum creatinine: 1,4 14,9 mg%) and had not yet been dialysed, were given a secretin-pancreozymin-test. Statistical evaluation of the results and comparison with a healthy reference group showed amylase secretion, total secretory volume and bicarbonate secretion to be significantly reduced in patients with serum creatinine levels above 4,0 mg%. No signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism (laboratory data, osseous changes) were observed. Blood base excess and increased serum creatinine levels were significantly related. Together with influences of low protein diet metabolic acidosis going along with chronic renal insufficiency is consequently considered to be the pathogenic factor responsible for alterations in the exocrine function of the pancreas and for the occurrence of chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 34942 TI - [Gustav Theodor Fechner--highways and byways in the development of psychophysics]. PMID- 34943 TI - [Psychological and psychophysiological deviations in subjects with the so-called slow posterior EEG activity]. PMID- 34944 TI - Declaration of Alma-Ata. PMID- 34945 TI - [Modern data on the antibiotic sensitivity of the microflora that is an etiological factor in ENT diseases. II. The antibiotic sensitivity of pneumococci, meningococci, influenza bacilli, Klebsiella, enterobacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus]. PMID- 34946 TI - [The influence of hypnotics on the development of morphological and biochemical wound reaction (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of hypnotics (barbital and carbromal) on the development of the early wound reactions in mechanically injured skin of guinea pigs was investigated: 1) The cellular reactions in incised wounds were retarded after moderate intoxication by hypnotics (300 mg/kg barbital; 3 g/kg carbromal). The histomorphological changes in wounds were inhibited by carbromal twice as much as by barbital. The hitherto published investigations had not shown any retardation of the early cellular inflammation by weakening influences such as loss of blood or alcohol without symptoms of shock (Berg et al., 1977) or local disturbances by acids and bases (Kampmann et al., 1978). 2). A moderate delay of the activity of structure bound enzymes was found in barbital intoxication, a stronger restriction under the influence of carbromal. 3) After barbital intoxication significant elevation of histamine or serotonin in wounds was not seen. Under the influence of carbromal there was also no increase of histamine but an increase of serotonin. Thus, although the cellular reactions seem to be the most reliable indicator among the methods for the determinations of wound age under devitalizing influences, their value is reduced in cases of intoxications by hypnotics needing treatment. Possible pathophysiological connections of the alterations of morphological and biochemical wound reaction with shock are discussed. PMID- 34947 TI - Production of protein by fungi from agricultural wastes. I. Standardization of certain factors for maximum protein production. AB - Several fungi were screened for protein production in a simple medium using either sugarcane bagasse, wheat straw or cowdung as substrate. Out of them Rhizoctonia melongina, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Coprinus aratus proved promising and were taken up for further studies. Optimum conditions of temperature, incubation, and pH for maximum growth and protein production by the three fungi were then ascertained and standardized. PMID- 34948 TI - A comparative study of different factors involved in mass cultivation of rhizobia, using shakers and fermentors. AB - Growth was proportionally linear to increasing load of inoculum although an inoculum load of 6 to 8% was optimum to obtain uniform number of viable cells, beyond which the number of viable cells did not increase. From the point of view of contamination with other microorganisms and the nodulating ability of cultures, fermentor cultures were better than shake cultures. When growth of Rhizobium was studied in relation to unit of mannitol consumed, it was observed that fermentors are more economical for culturing rhizobia than shakers. PMID- 34949 TI - Cellulose-decomposing fungi. AB - The present article gives a survey of the cellulose-decomposing fungi. It is concerned with the micro-organisms having the capability of degradating cellulose sources. It includes the factors influencing cellulose-decomposing fungi, cellulose-decomposing enzymes, mechanisms of degradation, and factors influencing the cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases). PMID- 34950 TI - Lipase productivity of a lipolytic strain of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. AB - An attempt was made to evaluate the lipase productivity by Thermoactinomyces vulgaris with various nutritional and environmental factors. Results suggest optimum conditions for production, viz. age of inoculum 18 hours, 55 degrees C, pH 6.8, 0.2% yeast extract, specific substrates, and shaken cultures incubated for 24--36 hours. Lipases are induced by corn oil in presence of yeast extract or of certain substitutes; starch could replace these at 55 degrees C. A suggestion is given of a regulatory system of lipase synthesis, involving the supply of starch to initiate growth, allowing induction of lipase by the inductive substrate. PMID- 34951 TI - Identity and lipase activity of an isolate of Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. AB - An actinomycete with thermophilic nature and strong lipolytic activity was isolated by enrichment from an Egyptian soil. It proved to be Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. Variabilities justifying Adansonian systematics were reported and discussed. The potential relation of an occasional drop in successfully resumed activity to an auto-inhibition phenomenon has been notified. Optimum conditions for the activity of the extracellular lipase(s), including stability, suggest the practical importance of the enzyme(s) in the growth filtrates. PMID- 34952 TI - [Visualization by electronmicroscopy of 28 nm virusparticles (astroviruses) in faeces of newborns with acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis (author's transl)]. AB - On occasion of an epidemic of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis virus particles were visualized by electronmicroscopy in the faeces of 76 newborns; these particles had the following properties: mean diameter 28 nm; ether-resistent, stable at pH 3.0; buoyant density 1.33--1.34 g/ml in CsCl. About 10% of these particles had a definite star-like structure on their surface. Due to these properties the virusparticles were considered to be astroviruses. The virus was not cytopathogenic for cell cultures susceptible for enteroviruses, and not pathogenic for newborn mice. PMID- 34953 TI - Enterotoxicity of Aeromonas hydrophila: skin responses and in vivo neutralisation. AB - Culture filtrates and partially purified enterotoxins of 6 strains of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from faeces of diarrhoeic and healthy persons, drinking water, sewage and faeces of domestic animals caused induration and increased capillary permeability in skin of adult albino rabbits. The activities were less in crude enterotoxins indicating partial loss during purification. Heat treatment for 30 min at 60 degrees C and 56 degrees C inactivated the induration and permeability effects of culture filtrates and crude enterotoxins respectively. The activities were most pronounced at pH 8.0 showing gradual loss of activities at lower pH values disappearing completely in culture filtrates at 3.0 and in crude toxins at 4.0. The induration and permeability factor activities of crude enterotoxin were neutralised proportionally in vivo with antitoxin raised against the same in rabbits. Suppression effect was more when antitoxin was injected prior to inoculation of toxin. This study demonstrates that the assay of the activity of skin permeability factor being an easier process than loop test, may be used for assay of enterotoxin of A. hydrophila. PMID- 34954 TI - [The effect of organic phosphoric esters on the experimental peptic ulcer (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have investigated some organic phosphoric esters such as dimethoate, malatione, and trichlorphone in order to see whether they influence the genesis of the reserpine ulcer induced in rats or whether they act on the existing ulcer. Another objective of the investigation was to determine whether the aggravating effect of these compounds on the experimental gastric ulcer can be mitigated or prevented with isopropamide and gastrixon, two compounds known to be used in the therapy of ulcers. It was found that 1. dimethoate and trichlorphone considerably aggravate the genesis of the experimental peptic ulcer in rats, and that also malathione exercises this exacerbating effect still to some extent, 2. that the already existing experimental ulcer is aggravated by all three organic phosphoric esters and that 3. the severe experimental damage to the stomach can be reduced or prevented with Isopropamide and even more effectively with Gastrixon. As to the interpretation of the phenomena observed the authors take the view that- provided the effects mentioned apply also to man--with this a new risk was detected in the field of the chemical plant protection which may well gain importance for the health of a population. PMID- 34955 TI - [Blood acid-base state of newborn infants whose mothers live in the radius of the atmospheric basin of a synthetic rubber plant]. PMID- 34956 TI - [Proliferative reaction in the lymph node of recipients after the transplantation of the splenic cells of burned syngeneic donors]. AB - Thermal burn was shown to induce in the splenocyte population in mice the appearance of cells capable of producing proliferative reaction in the regional lymph node. Spleen cells taken on days 1--2 after a burn were found to be most active. A direct relation between the number of transplanted cells and marked proliferation process in the lymph node was established. The proliferative process was mainly the consequence of the proliferation of donor cells. The process resulted, probably, either from the stimulation of cell division under the influence of proliferation factors, or from the activization of autoreactive lymphocyte clones. PMID- 34957 TI - [Characterization of a protease from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris (thermitase). 3. Substrate specificity and properties of partially purified thermitase]. AB - During the process of cultivation of Th. vulgaris several proteases are formed. In the present investigation the extensively purified major component was used. The substrate specificity was determined by means of 7 proteins, 7 amino acid esters, 5 fatty acid esters and 15 amino acid 4-nitroanilides. Among the protein substrates tested, urea denaturated hemoglobin was split best, followed by gelatin, casein, field bean protein, serum albumin and gluten. The weakest rate of hydrolysis was observed with elastin. In contrast to this acetyl-(L-ala)3 methylester, that is a substrate for elastase, was split best from all the esters tested. Only 8% of this activity could be found with the chymotrypsin substrates acetyl-L-tyr-ethylester and acetyl-L-phe-ethylester and 1% of the above activity with the trypsin substrates tosyl-L-arg-methylester and benzoyl-L-arg methylester. The fatty acid esters and the p-nitroanilides were hydrolyzed much more slowly. The pH-optimum of thermitase was found in the weakly alkaline region of pH 7 to 9. There were only small differences between the individual high and low molecular substrates. The temperature optimum was between 60 and 75 degrees C for esters and p-nitroanilides as substrates and at 90 degrees C for casein. It should be mentioned that the enzyme was quickly inactivated at temperatures above 70 degrees C. PMID- 34958 TI - Some central nervous actions of centrophenoxine (Meclofenoxat) in animals. AB - In experiments with rats and mice it was been found that centrophenoxine in acute experiments in large doses has inhibitory effects on the central nervous system. Centrophenoxine has no analgesic action. When administered subchronically, centrophenoxine aggravates both the pentetrazol and the maximal electroshock seizures. PMID- 34959 TI - Studies on column fractionation of immune cells. VII. Electrophoretic mobility and functional behavior of mouse spleen cells after fractionation on a weakly basic ion exchanger. AB - After passing normal mouse spleen cells through columns of a weakly basic ion exchanger, the percentage of cells with B cell-typical electrophoretic mobility (EPM) is 90% after fractionation at pH 8.0 and 10--20% at pH 5.0. However, the characterization of fractionated cells with regard to theta-antigen as well as graft-versus-host reaction shows that separation of T- and B-lymphocytes had not occurred. After incubation of the separated cells for 2 h at 37 degrees C the EPM returned to that of unseparated cells. It appears that the net charge of T- and B lymphocytes is changeable depending on pH, temperature and separation material. PMID- 34960 TI - Gastro-oesophageal reflux after surgical treatment of hiatal hernia with and without severe reflux complications. A follow-up study. AB - One hundred and sixteen patients operated upon for hiatal hernia with gastro oesophageal reflux and with or without reflux complications were postoperatively examined by personal interview, X-ray study, pH measurements and study of the oesophageal motility 1 to 10 years postoperatively. The patients without severe reflux complications were operated upon mainly with a modified Husfeldt hernia repair and the patients with complications, such as oesophageal stricture and shortening, underwent various surgical procedures. The main reason for unsatisfactory clinical results, with persistent reflux symptoms, was gastro oesophageal reflux uncorrected by the surgical procedure. However, gastro oesophageal reflux was detected even in completely asymptomatic patients. It was found that the reflux symptoms were influenced by the oesophageal motility. The clinical results were better and recurrence of hernia and the occurrence of pathological reflux were lower in patients operated upon for hernia without severe reflux complications. Creation of a competent antireflux barrier between the oesophagus and stomach for control of gastro-oesophageal reflux is much more difficult in patients with severe reflux complications. PMID- 34961 TI - [Belgian Society of Clinical Biology. Information in clinical biology: meeting of 27 April 1978]. PMID- 34962 TI - [Belgian Society of Clinical Biology; Study days October 14-15 1978. Abstracts]. PMID- 34963 TI - The effect of different extraction procedures on two different molecular weight species of serum NSILA and on the carrier protein of small molecular weight NSILA (NSILA-S). AB - The influence of Dowex-50 adsorption chromatography on the recovery of two different forms of serum NSILA, large and small mol. wt. NSILA, and on the recovery of the binding protein of the small mol. wt. form was studied and compared with another extraction procedure, gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 in 1 M acetic acid. Partially purified NSILA-S is adsorbed to Dowex-50 at pH 6.8. It can be eluted with 20 mM NH4OH and appears unchanged with regard to its biological activity and molecular weight. Adsorption of 125I-labelled NSILA-S to Dowex-50 does not change its binding characteristics to serum. When serum is chromatographed on Sephedex G-50 in 1 M acetic acid, NSILA is obtained in a large and in a small molecular weight form (NSILA-S). After recombination of the small molecular weight NSILA fraction with the "stripped" serum fraction, which contains large mol. wt. NSILA and a specific carrier protein for NSILA-S, re chromatography of this mixutre on Sephadex G-50 at neutral pH yields NSILA mostly in the void volume. It adsorbs to Dowex-50. After elution from Dowex, acidic gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 results in an elution pattern which is completely different from that of NSILA-S. Adsorption of serum to Dowex-50 results in a dramatic decrease of the NSILA-S binding activity. It is concluded that Dowex-50 adsorption chromatography of serum 1) inactivates most of the serum NSILA-S binding protein 2) leads to the loss of acid dissociable small mol. wt. NSILA (NSILA-S). Therefore, Dowex-50 adsorption chromatography is not suitable for the subsequent determination or further purification of NSILA-S from whole serum. PMID- 34964 TI - Differential properties of human chorionic gonadotrophin and human luteinizing hormone binding to plasma membranes of bovine corpora lutea. AB - Plasma membranes of bovine corpora lutea contain common receptor sites for [125I]human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and [125I]human luteinizing hormone (hLH) to which hLH binds with 4-fold lower affinity than hCG. The presence of additional sites for hLH was indicated by the lack of saturation of [125I]hLH binding as compared to [125]hCG and lower degree of inhibition of binding by 830 pM of unlabelled hCG, when [125I]hLH instead of [125I]hCG was used. Differences in [125I]hCG and [125I]hLH binding were observed by exposing receptors to increasing temperatures and pHs and by pre-treating membranes with dimethyl sulphoxide, Triton X-100, various enzymes and protein reagents. The above differences can only be reconciled by differential responses of common hCGhLH sites and additional sites for hLH. PMID- 34965 TI - The new peptide hormones of the gut and their clinical significance. PMID- 34966 TI - [Pathophysiology of the duodenal ulcer (author's transl)]. PMID- 34967 TI - Six years of H2-antagonists. PMID- 34968 TI - Reduction of intragastric acidity in duodenal ulcer. Cimetidine or surgery? PMID- 34969 TI - Effect of rising intragastric pH induced by different antacids and by cimetidine on unstimulated serum gastrin levels in duodenal ulcer patients. PMID- 34970 TI - [Arylsulfatase A and B activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children]. AB - The activity of arylsulphatase A and B was determined in peripheral blood lymphoblasts in 23 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia before starting treatment. A low level of activity was found in the group of leukaemic children with poor prognosis, while in children with better prognostic indices this reactivity was high. The course of changes in this activity was traced also during induction of remission of leukaemia and during 3-year maintenance treatment. PMID- 34971 TI - DOPA peroxidase activity in the chloragogen cells of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L. AB - DOPA peroxidase activity of the cytosol of chloragocytes in the earthworm was proved by biochemical and histochemical methods, respectively. Chloragocyte DOPA peroxidase do not hydroxylate tyrosine, but it may oxidize besides DOPA other phenolie compounds in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Probable participation of this enzyme in the detoxication of phenolie compounds and in the formation of chloragosomes was discussed. PMID- 34972 TI - [Behavioral and neuropharmacological studies of trioxazin (trimetozine) (author's transl)]. PMID- 34973 TI - [Tachylalia: clinical and acoustic study of 149 subjects (author's transl)]. AB - Speech was studied subjectively (listening to recordings) and objectively (measurement of durations) in 67 Parkinsonians, 10 subjects with neurological disorders and 72 psychiatric patients. Acceleration of speech was greatest in the Parkinsonians (8.5 syllables per second). The total duration of a sentence read by several of tachylalic Parkinsonians was the same as that of normal control subjects reading as fast as they could. The duration of the pauses between words varied greatly in all categories of subjects. Almost half of the tachylalic Parkinsonians (10 out of 23) had a speaking time (excluding pauses) shorter than the shortest duration recorded among same-age normal controls. The authors attach particular significance to the cases in which tachylalia is observed in the absence of lesions in the central gray nuclei. These cases suggest that speech automatisms are regulated at several levels. PMID- 34974 TI - [Neurotransmitter specificity and interactions based on clinical observations]. PMID- 34975 TI - Pharmacokinetics of femoxetine in man. AB - The pharmacokinetics of a structurally new 5HT-uptake inhibitor, femoxetine (FG 4963), with antidepressant properties have been investigated in man using a radioactive as well as a non-labelled substance. A two compartment open model gives a good description of the data, both after oral and intravenous administration. The substance was almost completely absorbed after an oral dose, but only 5-10% reached the systemic circulation due to extensive first pass metabolism. The metabolites had distribution and excretion rates similar to the parent compound. Only a small part (less than 2%) was excreted as femoxetine in the urine. The urinary excretion of the parent compound varied more than a 100 fold depending on the pH of the urine. The urine pH, however, did not influence the plasma concentration of femoxetine. Most of the substance (up to 80%) was eliminated by urinary excretion of metabolites, and only a small part of the radioactive dose was excreted in the faeces (up to 11%). The pharmacokinetic parameters were not found to be dose dependent in the range investigated, but it was not possible to decide whether the bioavailability was dependent on the dose. The variation between subjects was rather large, giving only a limited possibility for prediction of the plasma concentration from one subject to another. PMID- 34976 TI - Effects of beta-adrenoceptor agonists on airway smooth muscle and on slow contracting skeletal muscle: in vitro and in vivo results compared. AB - Ten beta-adrenoceptor agonists were examined with respect to a) relaxation of pilocarpine-contracted trachea and depression of contractions of the soleus muscle of the guinea-pig in vitro and b) counteraction of histamine-induced bronchospasm and depression of contractions of the soleus muscle of the cat in vivo. There was a close correlation between the results obtained in vitro and results obtained on the corresponding tissues in vivo in spite of the different species used. A close correlation was also observed between effects on airway smooth muscle and on the soleus muscle contractions in vitro as well as in vivo for all compounds examined. PMID- 34977 TI - Penetration through nylon film containing a carrier. PMID- 34978 TI - Delirium tremens and related clinical states. Aetiology, pathophysiology and treatment. AB - Definitions of Delirium Tremens (DT) and related clinical states are discussed together with the concepts of aetiology and pathogenesis in relation to psychiatric disease. The withdrawal theory which considers reduction or cessation of alcohol intake as an important precipitating factor in DT is discussed; this theory is supported by experimental studies of ethanol withdrawal in man and by studies indicating cross dependence between ethanol and several other CNS depressors; the arguments in the literature for and against the withdrawal theory are discussed. Other possible aetiological factors such as type of liquor, hypovitaminosis, liver disease, dysfunction of the adrenals and fat emboli are reviewed, and it is concluded that these factors are unimportant as precipitating or specific aetiological factors in DT. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed, especially concerning electrolyte metabolism and cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption. It is concluded that the pathophysiology of the disease is poorly understood, and some possibilities for future research are indicated. The discussion about treatment of DT is concentrated on drug treatment, and the literature concerning antipsychotics and sedatives is reviewed. It is concluded that barbital, a long-acting barbiturate, is the most effective treatment; diazepam can be recommended as an acceptable alternative. Finally, practical recommendations concerning treatment are given. PMID- 34979 TI - Acute hemodynamic effects of five beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents in man: the significance of selectivity and intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. PMID- 34980 TI - Beta-adrenergic blockade and vasospasm. PMID- 34981 TI - Labetalol in the treatment of severe essential hypertension: relationship between arterial blood pressure, plasma catecholamines, plasma renin activity, plasma aldosterone and body weight. PMID- 34982 TI - Histaminergic and related mechanisms in the central control of blood pressure. PMID- 34983 TI - Combination therapy with saluretics and atenolol in essential hypertension. Effects on blood pressure, electrolytes and uric acid. PMID- 34984 TI - Drug of first choice in mild and moderate essential hypertension--clinical, hemodynamic and economic aspects. PMID- 34985 TI - [Interneuronal homeostasis as an etiopathogenic factor in mental disease]. PMID- 34986 TI - Guidelines for bacteriophage characterization. PMID- 34987 TI - Behavioral techniques in the treatment of a writing phobia. AB - This paper presents the theoretical bases of the counterconditioning techniques of systematic desensitization and the extinction techniques of implosion therapy and flooding. A case history is presented in which progressive muscle relaxation, diaphragmatic breathing, and flooding were used to extinguish and countercondition a writing phobia in a junior-year occupational therapy student. Two target behaviors were selected for modification: to increase the number of words written within a specified time period, and, at the same time, to decrease the number of self-doubting thoughts. Twenty treatment sessions were conducted in which the subject practiced these techniques and wrote an essay during a specified time period. The results support the effectiveness of these techniques in modifying maladaptive anxiety or fear arising from a situation that is not objectively dangerous. PMID- 34988 TI - Combined effects of graded hyperkalemia on activation and recovery. AB - We have demonstrated the progressive transmission delay in the A-V conduction system in graded hyperkalemia against a background of otherwise normal cations, and known blood gas relationships. This extends and further quantitates the work of others. We were unable to demonstrate sinoventricular conduction, as atrial activity was consistently recordable when surface P-waves disappeared. The His bundle appears to be the least susceptible conduction system structure to hyperkalemia. Finally, we have postulated the possible mechanism for the genesis of the sine wave, including loss of electrical gradient with resulting phase difference of QRS and T, associated with maintenance of His bundle activity with progressive, distal, Purkinje blockade. PMID- 34989 TI - Clinical pharmacology of the new beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Part 1. Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. PMID- 34990 TI - Clinical pharmacology of the new beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Part 2. Physiologic and metabolic effects. PMID- 34991 TI - Effect of reduction in salt intake on hypertension. PMID- 34992 TI - Societal effects of stress on health. PMID- 34993 TI - Loss: implications for the patient, family and staff. PMID- 34994 TI - Management stress: its impact on health care. PMID- 34995 TI - High voltage paper electrophoresis as an alternative method for thiamin determination in the presence of substances capable of interfering with thiochrome formation. PMID- 34997 TI - The American Society for Clinical Nutrition, Inc. 19th annual meeting, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 34996 TI - The intestinal absorption of folates. AB - Dietary folates, existing primarily in the form of pteorylpolyglutamates, are absorbed in the jejunum by a process involving hydrolysis and subsequent intestinal transport of pterolymonoglutamyl folate. Current evidence indicates that one (or more) intestinal mucsoal enzyme(s), termed folate conjugase, is required for the hydrolysis of pteroylpolyglutamate to pteroylmonoglutamyl folate. Unresolved controversies include the mucosal location of hydrolysis (surface versus intracellular), whether the transport of pteroylmonoglutamate is active or passive, and the relation of intestinal mucosal metabolism of pteroylmonoglutamate to its intestinal transport. PMID- 34998 TI - Cytotoxicity of oxidation derivatives of cholesterol on cultured aortic smooth muscle cells and their effect on cholesterol biosynthesis. AB - Aortic smooth muscle cell death is an important initial lesion of atherosclerosis. A number of autooxidation products of cholesterol which has been recognized recently has the capability of inducing rabbits' aortic smooth cell death in vitro. Twelve oxidation derivatives of cholesterol, available commercially, were dissolved in small amounts of ethanol, then added to the culture medium at levels not exceeding 0.8%. The medium contained 10% fetal calf's serum which served as an in situ vehicle for the sterols. The degrees of cytotoxicity were graded and measured as percentage of dying and dead cells in the cultures within 24 hr. 25-Hydroxycholesterol and cholesthan-3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta-triol, were the most toxic compounds among the sterols tested. When these oxidation derivatives of cholesterol were added to these cultured cells, they significantly depressed activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, a regulatory enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis (up to 83% inhibition by 25 hydroxycholesterol at a 3 microgram/ml concentration in culture medium) but the sequence of degree of inhibition was not exactly correlated with that of cytotoxicity. Various mechanisms are speculated. Purified cholesterol showed no cytotoxic effect and minimal inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis. PMID- 34999 TI - Clinical significance of hyperparathyroidism in familial multiple endocrine adenomatosis type I (MEA I). AB - In order to investigate the suggestion that hyperparathyroidism in patients with familial MEA I has a mild and nonprogressive clinical course, we have compared clinical, biochemical, roentgenologic and histologic features of 29 patients with hyperparathyrodism originating from six families with the MEA I syndrome with those of 28 unselected patients with isolated nonfamilial hyperparathyroidism. The patients from the families with MEA I were significantly younger, had lower serum calcium and inorganic phosphate concentrations and a lower incidence of elevated alkaline phosphatase levels. Furthermore, they had multiple enlarged parathyroid glands and recurrence of the disease significantly more often. There was, however, no significant difference in the incidence of renal impairment, urolithiasis, subperiosteal resorption or large bone cysts on roentgenograms, histologic changes in bone biopsy specimens or mortality due to hyperparathyroidism. Therefore, the suggestion that this type of hyperparathyroidism has a milder clinical course is not confirmed in the present study. PMID- 35000 TI - Clinicopathologic conference. Pulmonary and hepatic disease after chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation for acute leukemia. PMID- 35001 TI - Chronic graft versus host disease: a syndrome of disordered immunity. AB - A chronic, debilitating syndrome related to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) has been recognized in long-term survivors following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. In six of 20 marrow graft recipients who survived for more than one year after receiving a transplant, this complication developed; they were studied to better define the syndrome. There was no association between the sex of either donor or recipient, HLA type, blood group, conditioning regimen or marrow cell dose and subsequent development of chronic GVHD. All six patients had mild to moderate manifestations of acute GVHD following prompt engraftment. Chronic GVHD was characterized in each patient by progression to scleroderma-like skin involvement with hyperkeratosis, reticular hyperpigmentation, atrophy with ulceration and fibrosis with limitation of joint movement. A sicca syndrome was prominent in five patients. Four patients had idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis. Infectious complications were frequent, and DNA viral infections were prominent. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia was present in three patients, and one patient had antinuclear antibody (ANA). A spectrum of immune abnormalities was observed including hypergammaglobulinemia, immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraprotein, elevated circulating immune complexes, plasma cell hyperplasia, lymphocytotoxic antibodies and autoantibodies to autologous or donor lymphocytes. Despite clinical similarity to collagen vascular diseases, none of these patients had anti-DNA antibodies or antibodies to smooth muscle, thyroid or extractable nuclear antigens. In one patient, a skin graft from the marrow donor remained healthy despite progressive involvement in recipient skin, whereas unrelated skin grafts were rejected. Immunosuppressive therapy and plasmapheresis have not been effective. Four patients have died (median survival 458 days from transplantation). Chronic GVHD appears to be a syndrome of disordered immune regulation features of immunodeficiency and autoimmunity. PMID- 35002 TI - A scoring system for nonstressed antepartum fetal heart rate monitoring. AB - A scoring system developed to assess nonstressed antepartum fetal heart rate records has been evaluated. The system scores from 0 to 2 for each of five factors, i.e., baseline rate, amplitude and frequency of fluctuation, decelerations, and accelerations. A total of 1,367 nonstress tests in 284 patients were retrospectively reviewed. Three groups of patients were delineated with respect to the fetal heart rate scores. When the group with the highest score of 8 to 10 and a perinatal mortality rate (PNM) rate of 4.7/1,000 was compared with the groups having intermediate (5 to 7) and low (less than or equal to 4) scores, there was a highly significant increase in PNM to 69.8/1,000 (p less than 0.01) and 433/1,000 (p less than 0.001), respectively. A significant increase in low Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes, in fetal acidosis (low umbilical arterial pH), and in duration of intensive care nursery stay was also seen as the fetal heart rate score progressively deteriorated from the 8 to 10 group to the less than or equal to 4 group. We conclude that this scoring system clearly delineates normal from prepathologic and pathologic changes in fetal heart rate and can be used as warning of impending fetal death. PMID- 35003 TI - II. Multifactorial analysis of intrapartum fetal heart rate tracings. AB - The first 30 minutes and the last 30 minutes of 1,996 intrapartum FHR tracings were analyzed for baseline FHR, variability (amplitude and frequency of oscillations), accelerations, and decelerations. A modified FHR scoring system incorporating these FHR features was employed. According to the association between various FHR scores and the incidence of low Apgar scores, FHR patterns were grouped into three basic categories with distinct prognostic significance: (1) normal FHR patterns, (2) compensated distress patterns, and (3) decompensated distress patterns. It is concluded that the prognostic significance of FHR tracings is increased by incorporating several FHR monitoring criteria in the analysis. PMID- 35004 TI - National Eye Institute--Melanoma Conference. PMID- 35005 TI - Effects of some autonomic drugs on duodenal smooth muscle. AB - Longitudinal muscle strips (LMS) and circular muscle strips (CMS), 2 mm wide and 1.5--2 cm long, from opossum duodenum were exposed to some autonomic agonists. The cholinergic agonists, acetylcholine, carbachol, methacholine, and bethanechol stimulated only tonic contractions in LMS and tonic followed by phasic contractions in CMS. These effects were abolished by atropine 10(-6) M. The ED50S of all cholinergic agonists for LMS were significantly lower than for CMS. Norepinephrine caused initial contraction (abolished by phenoxybenzamine, 10(-4) M), followed by relaxation (abolished by propranolol, 10(-5) M), and isopropylnorepinephrine caused relaxation (abolished by propranolol, 10(-5) M) in both layers. There were no differences in relative potencies for adrenergic agonists between the layers. Tetrodotoxin did not affect the response to adrenergic agonists. Thus, the potency of cholinergic agonists is greater in longitudinal than in circular muscle, and the layers respond differently to cholinergic agonists. The alpha-adrenergic receptors mediate contraction and beta adrenergic receptors mediate relaxation on the duodenal smooth muscle. PMID- 35006 TI - Drug uptake into everted intestinal sacs. II. Inhibition of secretion by hypertonicity. AB - Mucosal hypertonicity, metabolic inhibitors, or absence of glucose and oxygen enhance mucosal-to-serosal influx of the cationic drug, pralidoxime (PAM), into sacs of everted rat jejunum in vitro. Conversely, efflux of PAM, which is twice the influx rate, is inhibited by mucosal hypertonicity or cyanide and iodoacetate. When sacs containing PAM, 0.87 mM, and glucose, 10 mM, were placed in identical drug- and sugar-containing mediums, the inside (serosal) concentration of PAM fell by over half in 120 min, whereas that of glucose more than doubled. Mucosal hypertonicity depressed PAM efflux and glucose influx regardless of serosal osmolarity. Although azide and mucosal hypertonicity each depressed glucose uptake and oxygen consumption while accelerating net PAM influx, azide more effectively depressed glucose and oxygen uptake, whereas hypertonicity caused greater acceleration of PAM uptake. Hypertonicity did not affect PAM binding to intestinal tissue. Varying mucosal pH did not change PAM or glucose uptake. Thus, mucosal hypertonicity apparently enhances net mucosal-to serosal transfer of PAM by blocking its active secretion from serosa to mucosa. PMID- 35007 TI - Osmotic flow of water in isolated frog gastric mucosa. AB - A gravimetric procedure was used to measure net volume flow across bullfrog gastric mucosa mounted between chambers. A portion of the net volume flow towards the lumen was coupled to acid production. With an isotonic solution instilled on the luminal surface, the secreted acidity (ratio of increase in acid output to increase in volume flow) was hypertonic, in agreement with previous reports in mammalian stomach. Dilution of the secretory solution to 10% of normal nearly abolished the net volume flow coupled to acid production so that the mean secreted acidity rose to 1.87 M. Other experiments in which gastric juice was collected from this preparation showed that secretion into an initially empty lumen was only slightly hypertonic, as in mammalian stomach. The results indicate that instillation of secretory solution dilutes the endogenous osmotic gradient due to secreted HC1. This gradient is probably just outside the apical surface of the oxyntic cells of stomach. PMID- 35008 TI - Effect of natural variations in PaCO2 on plasma [HCO3-] in dogs: a redefinition of normal. AB - Graded degrees of both chronic hyper- and hypocapnia are known to induce renal responses that significantly alter plasma bicarbonate concentration. These findings have raised the possibility that even normal variations in PaCO2 play an important role in determining the exact level of bicarbonate in plasma. To test this hypothesis, we examined the relationship between resting levels of PaCO2 and the plasma bicarbonate concentration in two groups of normal dogs, one ingesting a normal salt diet and the other a salt-restricted diet. The results indicate that values for bicarbonate within the normal range are highly dependent on the prevaling level of carbon dioxide tension ([HCO3-] = 0.35 PaCO2 + 9.0, r = 0.72). Accordingly, approximately 50% of the normal variance in bicarbonate concentration is explained simply by the variance in PaCO2. The joint confidence region for bicarbonate concentration and PaCO2, which can be derived from these data, provides a new and more rigorous definition of the normal range for acid base values in the dog. PMID- 35009 TI - K+ deprivation potentiates the renal acid excretory effect of mineralocorticoid: obliteration by amiloride. PMID- 35010 TI - Pressor response buffering by beta-adrenergic and cholinergic vasodilation in tranquilized dogs. AB - Buffering of alpha-receptor-mediated pressor responses by beta-adrenergic or cholinergic vasodilation in tranquilized, chronically instrumented gos was investigated. Increases in aortic pressure were produced in the same animal by intravenous injections of phenylephrine in the control state and in three successive experimental states by 1) pacing the heart to remove the reflex capability to lower heart rate, 2) pacing the heart and beta-blockade to remove beta-adrenergic vascular buffering, and 3) beta-blockade plus atropine to also remove cholinergic vascular buffering. The pressor response in each experimental state was greater than that in the state preceding it. With the combined beta adrenergic and cholinergic blockade, the pressor response to an alpha-receptor stimulation was three times greater than that of the control state. From an analysis of the components of the pressor response, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance, it is suggested that normal buffering of an alpha-mediated pressor response may include beta-adrenergic and cholinergic vascular dilation in addition to a decrease in heart rate. PMID- 35011 TI - Acid-base equilibrium during acute long-lasting experiments in artificially ventilated cats. AB - Experiments were carried out to study blood acid-base equilibrium in the cat during experiments with artificial ventilation. Blood acid-base equilibrium was examined in the arterial and venous blood by analyzing pH, carbon dioxide and oxygen partial pressure, and plasma bicarbonates. Artificial ventilation was regulated on the basis of this analysis; CO2 concentration in expired air was monitored throughout the experiment. An attempt was made to verify if artificial ventilation could be regulated indirectly only on the basis of CO2 concentration in expired air. The most appropriate acid-base equilibrium was maintained when CO2 concentration in expired air was kept within the range of 3.9-4.1%. PMID- 35012 TI - Metabolism of the acutely ischemic dog heart. I. Construction of a computer model. AB - Construction of a computer model of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and related metabolism in acutely ischemic dog heart, involving 122 metabolites, 65 enzymes, and 406 chemical reactions, is described. A previous model of the same metabolism in normal-flow rat heart was modified to fit ischemic dog heart experimental data to within experimental error. The result resembles other models of ischemic heart preparations, implying common underlying mechanisms. The principal change made was reduction of enzyme amounts, consistent with the generally slower metabolism of large animals, suggesting that differing enzyme amounts are a major component of interspecies metabolic difference. Glycolytic intermediates oscillate, asynchronously and with large changes in level; pyridine nucleotides become highly reduced; pH falls, but mitochondria stay alkaline relative to cytoplasm even after oxidative phosphorylation stops. PMID- 35013 TI - Intestinal absorption of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in unanesthetized rat. AB - We investigated the mechanism and characteristics of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25-OH D3) absorption in the unanesthetized rat by using a single-pass intestinal perfusion technique. The rate of 25-OH-D3 absorption remained linear for a wide range of concentrations (2-900 nM). Absorption rate of 25-OH-D3 increased as the pH, the bile acid concentration, and thickness of the unstirred water layer were decreased. Absorption did not change after the additions of fatty acids of varied chain lengths and degrees of saturation. In rats with lymph and bile fistulas, 18.5% and 16.3% of the infused radio-activity appeared in the lymph and bile drainage, respectively. These experiments indicate that 25-OH-D3 is absorbed by a passive diffusion mechanism that is influenced by the intestinal pH, bile acid concentration, and thickness of the unstirred water layer, but not by the presence of fatty acids. Approximately equal fractions of the infused hydroxylated vitamin are recovered from the lymphatic and biliary fluids. PMID- 35014 TI - Effects of acidosis on mechanical function and Ca2+ exchange in rabbit myocardium. AB - The effects of acidosis on myocardial function and calcium exchange have been studied in the isolated but arterially perfused interventricular septum of the rabbit. Temperature was 28 degrees C and stimulation rate 48 beats/min. Acidosis was induced either by increase of the perfusate PCO2 (pH reduced from 7.35 to 6.68) or by decrease of the bicarbonate-chloride ratio (pH 7.35 to 6.72). The effect on calcium efflux was assessed by introduction of acidosis at different times during the washout of 45Ca2+ from the muscle. The uptake of 47Ca2+ was recorded directly with a NaI crystal and counter. An increase of perfusate PCO2 caused a rapid fall in developed tension. The efflux of slowly exchanging 45Ca2+ and the uptake of 47Ca2+ were inhibited. There was no rapid displacement of calcium from the muscle. Decrease of the bicarbonate-chloride ratio caused a slower fall of developed tension and neither the efflux nor uptake of calcium were altered. These results suggest that developed tension and calcium exchange in the myocardium are more responsive to acidosis within the cell or cell membrane than to extracellular acidosis. PMID- 35015 TI - The "psychotic" curse. PMID- 35016 TI - Neuroleptic-potentiating effect of metyrosine. PMID- 35017 TI - The viability of mid-level practitioners in isolated rural communities. PMID- 35019 TI - Symposium: Shoulder problems in overhead-overuse sports, September 10, 1978, Ann Arbor, Michigan. PMID- 35018 TI - Pseudoaneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery secondary to nonpenetrating trauma. PMID- 35020 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine -- a surgeon's overview. PMID- 35021 TI - [Patient survival with pacemaker (author's transl)]. AB - The survival rate for age groups from 50--59, 60--69, 70--79, 80--89 was worked out from 1065 patients with implanted pacemakers form 1963 to the end of 1977. In all age groups the life expectancy was under the survival of the general population in the Federal Republic of Germany. Analysing the data it seems that two groups of different longevity superimpose in all age groups; the first group shows an unproportional high mortality rate in the first 12 months while the other has an almost identical survival to the tenth year. The initial high mortality rate respective to the increasing age probably results in accompaning diseases; in this aspect further studies are required. PMID- 35022 TI - [Frequency of bacteriuria in the aged (author's transl)]. AB - 1125 inhabitants of 2 homes for aged people were tested for bacteriuria by dip slides. Increasing of age did not lead to higher frequency of bacteriuria, neither in women (n = 869), nor in men (n = 256). The persons were divided in the 4 decades of being 61--70, 71--80, 81--90, and 91--99 years old. The corresponding rates of bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 10(5) germs/ml) were 14.0, 15.0, 12.4, and 9.1%, respectively. The rate of reproducibility was 75.4%, indicating still smaller values in reality. The discrepancies to the much higher values reported in the literature may depend on the people tested: "normal persons" instead of hospital patients or patients' specimens having been sent to a microbiological laboratory. PMID- 35023 TI - [Discontinuation of chronic digitalis treatment in an aged, ambulatory population: prospective study]. PMID- 35024 TI - [Influence of centrophenoxin administered for one year in high dose on maximal oxygen consumption in aged persons (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of centrophenoxin (meclofenoxate) administration in a high daily dosage of 3 grams has been investigated in 10 persons with a mean age of 64 throughout 12 months. The mean age of the control group was 59. The function of bone marrow and a number of indicators of renal and hepatic function has shown no harmful changes after this long term treatment with an extremely high daily dosage. To investigate a possible influence on aging we chose the oral glucose tolerance test, a test battery for pulmonary function and the maximum oxygen consumption capacity. A highly significant (2P smaller than 0,335) influence of the drug for increasing the maximum oxygen input has been found. The hypothesis is presented, that this effect is due to an increase in cardiac functional capacity. Furthermore a significant decrease in fasting glucose levels has been found, while the glucose concentration one and two hours after administration of 100 grams of oral glucose have shown no significant changes. Body weight revealed a small but significant decrease. Side effects: we found a mild gastric pain in 4 patients that disappeared after 20 minutes. 5 Patients complained of a very small increase in jitteriness. PMID- 35025 TI - [Development and maturation changes in DNA-and nitrogen content of mesenchymal and parenchymal organs with and without the influence of prednisolone (author's transl)]. PMID- 35026 TI - [Kinetics of the metabolism of collagen in young and old rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 35027 TI - [The importance of age-homogenous member's in secondary groups--the example of choirs (author's transl)]. AB - The investigation studies the influence of the age composition of secondary groups on their member's satisfaction by interviewing a representative sample of the members of Swiss Protestant choirs. The satisfaction with fellow members increases the lower the mean age of the choir is. Independently the older the respondents the more they want young members in their organization. Furthermore, there are indications for an optimal distance of age between the members. In total the influence of the age composition on the operationalizations of satisfaction is, low however. The hypothesis is deduced from the optimal distance of age that tendencies for age-homogeneous social relations will be more frequent in societies with large differences in behavior between their cohorts. PMID- 35028 TI - [Fractional method of viadril administration for regulation of labor and analgesia in various types of obstetric pathology]. PMID- 35029 TI - [Action of beta-receptor-stimulating agents on the synthesis of prostaglandins]. PMID- 35030 TI - [Exchange transfusion with buffered blood in newborn infants]. PMID- 35031 TI - Comparison of the effects of nine beta-adrenergic blocking agents on intraocular pressure in rabbits. AB - The intraocular pressure lowering effects of nine beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents were compared using two different models of experimental ocular hypertension in rabbits. All the nine drugs possess, to different extents, a clear pressure-lowering action after topical administration into the conjunctival sac. For potency and duration of action, the best results were obtained with timolol and sotalol. Pindolol, oxprenolol, practolol, and propranolol are also fairly potent while less impressive effects were produced by atenolol, butidrine, and metoprolol. With the exception of propranolol, all the drugs were well tolerated by the ocular tissues. PMID- 35032 TI - [Comparative study on the sedation of geriatric patients during spinal anesthesia]. PMID- 35033 TI - [Symposium on hospital infections on 12-10-1977 in Munich]. PMID- 35034 TI - Continuing education. 1st Tuta Symposium on "Oxygen". Summaries of papers. PMID- 35035 TI - Enzyme stabilization by immobilization. PMID- 35036 TI - Improved methods for determination of guanylyl cyclase activity and synthesis of [alpha-32P]GTP. PMID- 35037 TI - A simple and sensitive fluorescence assay for tyrosine hydroxylase activity. PMID- 35038 TI - On central tendency and the meaning of mean for pH values. PMID- 35039 TI - More on calculation of mean pH values. PMID- 35040 TI - Intrabiliary pressure changes produced by narcotic drugs and inhalation anesthetics in guinea pigs. AB - The effects of narcotic agents and two inhalation anesthetics on intrabiliary pressure (IBP) were measured before and after morphine (0.2 mg/kg), meperidine (2 mg/kg), fentanyl (0.002 mg/kg), or pentazocine (1 mg/kg) given intramuscularly to guinea pigs, and after halothane (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 MAC) or enflurane (same range of MAC) administered by inhalation. All narcotics except pentazocine significantly increase IBP, the increases ranging from 85.7% for meperidine to 143.4% for fentanyl. Pentazocine had no effect on IBP. Peak IBP increases occurred between 9 and 18 minutes after administration. The elevation of IBP produced by narcotics was reversed by atropine (0.05 mg/kg). No statistically significant alterations of IBP were noted during halothane or enflurane anesthesia. PMID- 35041 TI - Gastric excretion of intravenously administered meperidine in surgical patients. AB - We have demonstrated sequestration of unchanged meperidine in gastric juice of humans following intravenous administration. Concentrations attained were as great as 360 times plasma concentration. The drug was first detected between 5 and 15 minutes after administration. This phenomenon appears to be due to ionization and ion trapping of meperidine in gastric juice. PMID- 35042 TI - Effects of volatile anesthetics on directly and indirectly stimulated skeletal muscle. AB - Isolated guinea pig nerve-lumbrical muscle preparations were exposed to halothane, methoxyflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, fluroxene, and diethyl ether. The temporal courses of the effects on indirectly and directly elicited twitch responses were determined over a range of concentrations for each agent. When the anesthetics were compared at concentrations equivalent in terms of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC), a spectrum was observed in which halothane, methoxyflurane and isoflurane depressed the indirect twitch response at 3.5--5 MAC and the direct twitch response at 8--10 MAC. Diethyl ether and fluroxene depressed the indirect twitch response at 2--3.5 MAC and the direct twitch response at 3--6 MAC. Enflurane depressed the indirect response at 1.5--2.5 MAC and the direct response at 6--8 MAC. When the anesthetics were compared at concentrations equivalent in terms of their abilities to depress end-plate depolarization, however, all anesthetics were equipotent. Depression of the indirect twitch response occurred only when anesthetic concentrations were great enough to depress depolarization by 50 per cent. PMID- 35043 TI - Converting-enzyme activity and pressor responses to angiotensin I and II in the rat awake and during anesthesia. AB - Plasma renin activity (rate of angiotensin I generation) does not increase during anesthesia with ketamine, fluroxene, halothane or enflurane in the sodium repleted rat. However, blood pressure decreases when an angiotensin II antagonist, saralasin, is administered during halothane or enflurane anesthesia, but not during ketamine or fluroxene anesthesia. Differences in the rates of conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II induced by various anesthetic agents could help explain these previous findings. To determine the effects of anesthetic agents on angiotensin I conversion, experiments were performed in vitro and in vivo. The activities of rabbit pulmonary converting enzyme in the presence and absence of halothane or fluroxene were measured as rates of appearance of the dipeptide, histidyl-leucine, a product of angiotensin I hydrolysis to angiotensin II. Halothane and fluroxene did not alter conversion. Infusions of angiotensin I and angiotensin II were given to Wistar rats to construct dose-blood pressure response curves. The animals were then anesthetized with ketamine or halothane and infusions were repeated. Angiotensin I and angiotensin II induced similar blood pressure responses in awake and anesthetized rats. However, ketamine accentuated the pressor responses to angiotensin I and angiotensin II, whereas halothane depressed the responses. With the anesthetic agents studied, there is no significant effect on conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II either in vitro or in vivo. PMID- 35044 TI - Effects of maternal position on epidural anesthesia for cesarean section, acid base status, and bupivacaine concentrations at delivery. AB - In 25 patients excellent clinical anesthesia for elective cesarean section was obtained with lumbar epidural block using an average dose of bupivacaine of 130 mg (18 ml of 0.75 per cent solution). Supplemental drugs were not needed. All infants had normal Apgar scores at delivery. Ten patients were kept in a 35--40 degree semi-sitting supine position during induction, while 15 patients were similarly semi-sitting but turned into the left lateral position. Maternal position did not affect the adequacy of the anesthesia or the clinical condition of the infants, but did alter acid-base state and bupivacaine concentrations in the infants. At delivery, the infants whose mothers had been supine had significantly lower pH values in umbilical cord blood than those whose mothers had been in the lateral position. Also, high concentrations of bupivacaine were found in the umbilical vein blood of infants whose mothers were supine. PMID- 35045 TI - Is naloxone a nonspecific analeptic? PMID- 35046 TI - Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in the rat brain during extreme hypercarbia. PMID- 35047 TI - [All-Russian Conference of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists]. PMID- 35048 TI - [Vitamin K antagonists]. PMID- 35049 TI - [Antipsychotic neuroplegics and neuroleptics. V. Reserpine and reserpinics]. PMID- 35050 TI - [Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of barbiturates on the human central nervous system]. AB - Anoxic cerebral ischemia results in an almost instantaneous stoppage of the EEG, and a depletion of the cerebral energy reserves with anaerobic orientation. The experimental work, especially of Safar and Michenfelder, have proven the significant cerebral protection under barbituric hypometabolism. The cerebral impacts of barbiturates in the animal, in vitro and in vivo, are multiple: decrease in glycolysis, energetic stabilisation, a blocking of the adenylcyclase activity, membrane stabilisation by trapping of the free radicals or by an increase of the cerebral osmolarity, ect... In man, the metabolic and the hemodynamic data, of which there is little, have only confirmed the reports of metabolic and circulatory depression made by Himwich as early as 1947. The use of barbiturates in postischemic protection poses a problem of their specificity. For an equivalent cerebral metabolic depression a protective effect could not be proven with the tilisation of halogens nor with the morphines... Other narcotics (Alfatesine, Gamma OE) also depress the CNS, but their protective effects are unknown. MICHENFELDER attributes the barbituric protection to the "functional neuron" block without interference at the metabolic level of cellular life. The specificity of barbiturates in this block has yet to be proven. In the post ischemic resuscitation, Safar insists, and rightly so, on the urgency to correct the cerebral hypoperfusion with a parallel barbituric induction. If there is no "specificity" in the narcotic hypometabolism, it would be logically imperative to use that which provides the best protection, in the shortest, delay, and with the least systemic depression. PMID- 35051 TI - [Barbiturate protection of the brain in circulatory failure. Mediterranean meeting in anesthesia and intensive care. Round table discussion, Nice, 23 and 24 June 1978]. PMID- 35052 TI - [Metabolic effects of barbiturates on the anoxic brain:free radical trapping]. AB - Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the protector effect of barbiturates in cerebral ischemia. Among these is the particularly attractive hypothesis that the protection is obtained by an inhibition of the oxydo reduction process in the respiratory chain in the mitochondria upstream of the Q coenzyme. Keeping this enzyme in the quinone state prevents the formation of the three radical at the level of lipoid complexes of the cellular and sub-cellular membranes, thus assuring the upkeep of the integrity of these structures. The absence of the free radicals equally protects the morphology of the endothelium, in limiting the aggregation of platelets in the arterial vessel lumens. The existence of the three radicals in the organism and their noxious effects are well established, however, that the protection brought about by the barbiturates be the results of free radical trapping remains still an hypothesis. PMID- 35053 TI - [Vasoreactivity of cerebral infarct to barbiturates and other intravenous anesthetics]. AB - The effect of a barbiturate, Sodium thiopental (Nesdonal), on the cerebral circulation in 13 patients with a cerebral ischemic attack is studied. Its action is compared to the action of other intravenous anesthetics (Alfatesine - Etomidate - diazanalgesie) used in neuro-anesthesia. The study is on a total of thirty patients. The regional cerebral blood flow (RCBF) is measured by the intra carotid injection of Xe133. The anesthetics studied acted like vasoconstrictive agents on the healthy brain. They diminish the RCBF. At the leel of ischemic lesions the response is abolished, even inversed : the flow remains unchanged, even increases. It is the inverse steal syndrome. This action, comparable to the action of hypocapnia, has both a diagnostic and a prognostic value. PMID- 35054 TI - [Experimental study of barbiturate application following anoxic encephalopathy]. AB - The protective effect of thiopental on neurological lesions provoked by cerebral anoxie was studied in the monkey. Cerebral ischemia was induced by a cervical tourniquet applied for a period of 16 minutes. A control series of 10 animals received only the normal resuscitation. A series of 27 monkeys received either 90 mg/kg of thiopental at 5, 10, 15, 30 or 60 minutes following ischemia, or 120 mg/kg at the 30th or 60th minute. One third of the dose was administered within 5 minutes and the rest during the following 55 minutes. The results shows that the prevention, by thiopental, of the clinical and histological lesion secondary to cerebral anoxia is effective when this drug is administered before the 15th minute. With 90 mg/kg administered at the 30th or 60th minute the improvement was slight: with 120 mg/kg it was greater if the injection was given at the 60th rather than at the 30th minute. These results, along with the mechanisms which may explain the action of thiopental, are discussed. PMID- 35055 TI - [Clinical use of thiopental in post-ischemic encephalopathy; preliminary report]. AB - Twenty patients suffering from post-ischaemic encephalopathy were treated with high doses of barbiturates during the period immediately following resuscitation. The duration of cerebral ischaemia was assessed retrospectively. The degree of ischaemic damage was evaluated on the one hand by the pupillary signs seen 10 minutes after the reestablishment of the circulation and secondly by enzyme levels in the CSF. This barbiturate load was not associated with major complications and the excretion of barbiturate continued for several days. The clinical signs seen 12 hours after ischaemia and continuous observation of the tracing of the cerebral function monitor made it possible to give an early favourable prognosis from a neurological standpoint. In all the patients (apart from one) in whom there was total cerebral ischaemia for less than 10 minutes, neurological recovery was complete. PMID- 35056 TI - [General pharmacology of dobutamine]. PMID- 35057 TI - [The place of dobutamine in cardiovascular distress. Mediterranean meeting in anesthesia and intensive care. Round table discussion, Nice 23 and 24 June 1978]. PMID- 35058 TI - [Effect of dobutamine on intra-pulmonary shunt]. AB - A study of the development of intra-pulmonary shunts was carried out in ten subjects following an intra-venous administration of a 7.5 microgram/kg/min dose of dobutamine by electric syringe. All the subjects were on a respirator (FiO2=0,6 most often) and frequently with P.E.E.P. The shunts were determined at the FiO2 by which the subject was being treated. The cardiac flow was measured by thermodilution. In 9 cases out of 10 the intra-pulmonary shunt is sharply increased already in the first half hour by dobutamine. The shunt values are in the order of: -- 17.94p. 100 +/- 7.19 before the drug -- 26.50 p. 100 +/- 12.85 half an hour after the infusion beginning. The shunt increase is thus 47p. 100 of the average original value after half an hour, which is significant (p less than 0.01). The shunt is then stable at the attained value (hourly average : 26.05 +/- 12.25). These observations are discussed in relation to the obtained effects on the cardiac outout, to the PaO2, and to the quantity of transported arterial oxygen. It appears in this series that, in spite of the shunt increase, there is no risk of cellular oxygen deficiency. PMID- 35059 TI - [Comparative study of the effects of dobutamine and dopamine in septic shock]. AB - This work aims at the evaluation of the effects of dobutamine in the effects of dobutamine in the treatment of septic shock and to compare them to the effects of dopamine used in the same conditions. Eleven patients presenting with both a state of septic shock and confirmed cardiac insufficiency were submitted to the protocol. The dosage was determined by the clinical results : 6.22 microgram/kg/min for dopamine and 4.2 to 25 microgram/kg/min for dobutamine. The results show that although the effect on cardiac output is comparable with the two drugs, some differences in their effects delineates their respective distinct indications. Indeed, although dobutamine seems less arythmic, lovers more the ventricular filling pressure and increases less the intra-pulmonary shunt, dopamine causes less reduction in the systemic resistance which in the case of septic shock seems more logical. Nevertheless dobutamine is perhaps easier to handle. PMID- 35060 TI - [The value of dobutamine in cardiology]. AB - The hemodynamic effects of dobutamine have been evaluated by catheterization for a limited duration in 17 patients. The cardiac index, the systolic index, the myocardial contractility given by the values dp/dt and Vmax, and the systolic work index have increased significantly while the increase in the mean aortic pressure and the cardiac rate were small. The left ventricular telediastolic pressure, and systemic and pulmonary arterial resistance diminished significantly. These results seen to authorise the prolonged use of this drug in the low output syndromes with left ventricular failure whether the cause be ischemic or due to a cardiomyopathy. Nine patients were then treated, with a dosage of 8 microgram/kg/min. The supervision of the treatment was composed of iterative readings of the arterial pressure, the cardiac rate, pulmonary capillary and arterial pressures, and the cardiac index. The hemodynamic results were similar to those obtained in the 17 patients. It seems that this product can be used in the acute stage of myocardial infarction. Indeed its action on the myocardial excitability is small and the moderate increase in the oxygen consumption can be compensated for by the improvement in the myocardial vascularisation. PMID- 35061 TI - [The effects of dobutamine in postoperative disorders of left ventricular function in coronary patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Apropos of 18 cases]. AB - Increasing doses of dobutamine were administered to the first group of 10 coronarians having undergone and abdominal surgical procedure, and presenting, one hour after awakening from the anesthesia, hemodynamic modifications with a diminution of cardiac index (CI), systolic index (SI), systolic work index of the left ventricle (SWILV) increase in the pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP), and in the total peripheral resistance (TPR), as well as an acceleration of the cardiac rate (CR). Doses of dobutamine of 5 or 7.5 microgram.kg-1.min-1 corrected the IC, PCP and TPR. Dobutamine ameliorated the SI and SWILV in an increasing fashion up to a dose of 10 microgram.kg-1.min-1 only and without restoring them to the control values of the pre-operative period. CR progressively increased with the increasing of the doses reaching 126 +/- 21.5 beats min-1 for 15 microgram.kg 1.min-1. Extrasystoles appeared at dose levels of 12.5 and 15 microgram.kg-1.min 1 in two patients. Tests of vascular filling (pre-charge tests) carried out in the second group of patients under 10 microgram,kg-1.min-1 of dobutamine and in a third group under 15 microgram.kg-1.min-1 showed a good cardiac adaptation to filling, equal or superior to that of the pre-operative period. It also appeared that the amelioration of CF obtained with a moderate vascular filling (300 ml of low molecular weight dextran) under 10 microgram.kg-1.min-1 of dobutamine is greatly superior to the amelioration obtained by 10 to 15 microgram.kg-1.min-1 of dobutamine. PMID- 35062 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of dopamine, dobutamine and isoproterenol in chronic respiratory insufficiency]. AB - A study of the effects of dopamine, dobutamine and of isoprenaline was carried out in 20 patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency, 16 of whom had pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAP: 22 mmHg). The following findings emerged: - absence of any significant effect of dobutamine on heart rate,--increase in systolic and mean PAP, after infusion of dobutamine,--increase in systolic and mean PAP, after infusion of dopamine,--decrease in BP after administration of infusion of dobutamine,--decrease in pulmonary arterial resistances under the influence of isoprenaline,--decrease in total systemic resistances after the administration of dobutamine,--increase in ventricular, systolic work after the infusion of dopamine. PMID- 35063 TI - [Pharmacology of flunitrazepam]. PMID- 35064 TI - [Postoperative analgesia]. PMID- 35065 TI - [Surgical aspects of anti-infectious treatment of acute peritonitis]. PMID- 35066 TI - [Anti-infective therapeutic agents in acute peritonitis. Mediterranean Meeting of anesthesia and intensive care. Round table discussion. Nice, 23 and 24 June 1978]. PMID- 35067 TI - [Bacteriological studies of peritonitis]. AB - Bacterial infections of the peritoneum may be primary (pneumococcal peritonitis of childhood). These are rare, as are Streptococcal and Staphylococcal peritonitis in the neonate, following umbilical or tegumental infections. The great majority of cases of peritonitis are secondary to an adjacent inflammation, a perforation of the gastro-intestinal tract, or trauma, which may be surgical in origin. The microbial flora involved is generally mixed, with a high proportion of anaerobic organisms, reflecting the composition of the intestinal flora, and in particular, that of the colon. Infections due to a single organisms are less common, and are seen principally in superinfected ascites, high perforations, or following preoperative antibiotic therapy. The treatment of peritonitis is thus dependent upon the microbial flora present. In mixed infections, broad spectrum antibiotic therapy (amino-glycosides + beta lactamines) is necessary, combined with a b-nitro-ionidazole derivative in view of the frequent presence of Bacteroides fragilis. When the infection is due to one or a limited number of organisms, only the antibiotic sensitivy will provide useful indications. The dangers of preoperative "sterilization", which leads only to the selection of multiresistant strains, is emphasized. Such sterilization is thus to be proscribed in the prevention of peritonitis. Antibiotic cover, on the other hand, is still indicated. PMID- 35068 TI - [Value of and indications for noxythiolin in generalized peritonitis]. AB - The favourable experience of M. BROWN with noxythiolin in fecal peritonitis has prompted us, over the last seven years, to use this product in all forms of generalized peritonitis. This study involved 187 cases of generalized peritonitis : 102 males and 85 females, whose mean age was 53 years. Noxythiolin was reserved for severe cases (after having deliberately decided not to perform a comparative control series), the severity being related to the advanced age of the patients, the delay in intervention, and preexisting disorders. It was used in the form of a peroperative lavage of the peritoneal cavity and a postoperative instillation. The overall survival (71 p. 100) and that observed in particular in peritonitis of colonic origin (58 p. 100), seem to be arguments in favour of the beneficial effect of the product. Noxythiolin contributes to the sterilization of the peritoneal cavity. By virtue of its efficacy, the simplicity of its use, and its innocuousness, it merits a place in the therapeutic arsenal for treatment of generalized peritonitis, in combination with systemic treatments. PMID- 35069 TI - [Results of noxythiolin use in acute peritonitis]. AB - The authors present a series of 30 cases of acute supra- and inframesocolic peritonitis which, in addition to the treatment of their organic causes, benefitted from medical treatment by noxythioline, used as a peritoneal lavage, an irrigation with aspiration, or an instillation. A marked amelioration in the postoperative course was noted, particularly in those cases with infra-mesocolic peritonitis, with the absence of adhesions and suppurative collections on reintervention, and a rapid return to negativity of the positive bacteriological investigations performed systematically on the pe ritoneal fluid and on the drainage. PMID- 35070 TI - [Postoperative peritoneal irrigation in generalized peritonitis treated in an intensive care unit]. AB - Over a period of four years, 16 patients with generalized peritonitis have been treated by postoperative peritoneal irrigation in an Intensive Care Unit. The majority of cases involved postoperative peritonitis accompanied by severe visceral failure. The irrigation liquid, containing an antibacterial agent, was perfused for between one and eleven days at a high flow rate (mean 16.5 I). The overall mortality in the series was extremely high (75 p. 100), and even greater (85 p. 100) if only the cases of postoperative peritonitis were considered. Anatomical examination of the peritoneum, performed on reintervention or at autopsy, revealed an abnormally high incidence of residual abscesses. These are responsable for the continuation or recurrence of infection, and explain the high mortality. These observations, combined with the frequent occurrence of local or general complications, led the authors to reject peritoneal irrigation in postoperative peritonitis in the presence of severe visceral failure, and to use it, in selected cases, only for periods not exceeding 48 hours. PMID- 35071 TI - [Antibiotic treatment in acute peritonitis]. AB - The selection depends on several factors and in particular: -the means of transport by which the antibiotic reaches the peritoneum : the aminosides and the betalactamines attain the peritoneum easily while the polymyxins do not; -the causative agent: most often it is a gram negative aerobic or anaerobic bacteria. The entero-bacteria predominate but in the last few years Bacteroides fragilis has been frequently encountered giving rise to numerous studies. The flora is most often polymicrobic. The betalactamines act on gram positive bacteria whether they are aerobic or anaerobic. The aminosides are active against aerobic gram negative bacteria. The same can be said for Colimycine (except for certain Proteus and Providencia). All these antibiotics (other than carbenicillin) are not effective against Bacteroides fragilis which are however very sensitive to lincomycine, to the cyclines and in particular to doxycycline and to the derivatives of imidazole. The laboratory is an important aid in judging therapeutic effectiveness by determining the bacteriacidal strength of the serum and even the serum level of the antibiotic whatever the cause it is imperative: to avoid toxicity and to pay particular attention to the frequent problem of renal insufficiency in these subjects. PMID- 35072 TI - [Focalized irrigation-lavage and sequential use of a new antiseptic by local and general route. Preliminary report apropos of 2 cases of suppurative pancreatic necrosis]. AB - In view of the severe course seen in the presence of any suppurated pancreatic necrosis, it was felt to be of value to treat two patients by the adjuvant use of a new antiseptic tauroline, administered locally and, where appropriate, systemically. After surgical excision of pancreatic and peripancreatic necrotic tissue, the authors prefer to avoid active suction drainage of the residual pocket, replacing it by continuous and prolonged post-operative irrigation lavage, together with the sequential, twice-daily use of a solution of 2 p. 100 tauroline. In view of the presence of a Gram negative septicemia (organisms identical to those of the suppurated area), the same substance was given by intravenous infusion in a 0.5 p. 100 solution, this being the only systemic, anti infectious therapy. The effectiveness, good tolerance and originality of this new substance, active against Gram negative, Gram positive, aerobic and anaerobic organisms as well as yeast, have led the authors to immediately report their initial experience with its use. PMID- 35073 TI - [Purulent pleurisy caused by anaerobic bacteria. Apropos of 2 observations]. AB - Purulent pleural effusions due to anaerobic organisms secondary to infections of the pulmonary parenchyma are complications which often occur following the inhalation of organisms from the buccal cavity. The most commonly found organisms belong to the endogenous anaerobic flora of Veillon. Rapid encystment of the pleural collection is suggestive of this diagnosis. Treatment consists of drainage of the cavity associated with specific antibiotics. PMID- 35074 TI - [A case of zinc deficiency during prolonged exclusively parenteral alimentation]. PMID- 35075 TI - [Use of a new solution of synthetic amino acids in postoperative surgical intensive care. Evaluation of the value of nitrogen intake started in the immediate preoperative period]. AB - A new synthetic amino acid solution, Totamine, was studied in pre- and postoperative surgical intensive care in order to determine the possible value of beginning high protein intake during the preoperative period. A comparison was made between two groups of 11 and 15 patients respectively, divided on a strictly random basis, receiving 1200 calories and 12.4 g of nitrogen per day in the forme of Totamine carbohydrate concentrate, starting two days before operation in one of them and on the day of surgery in the other. No statistically significant difference was seen. Calorific and nitrogen intake in both cases appeared to be satisfactory during the early preoperative period and both local and general tolerance of the amino acid solution was excellent. During the late postoperative period, there was a tendency to negativisation of nitrogen balance which justified an increase in calorific and nitrogen intake. PMID- 35076 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency caused by phenyl-indane-dione. Apropos of 1 case]. AB - One case of Phenindione (PID) adverse reaction is reported. The patient showed a typical picture of immunological reaction to the drug. In spite of severe bacteremia, she recovered. Only 33 cases of PID intolerance are reported in the literature. In all these patients, renal failure occurred. Superinfection is the most frequent cause of death. PID adverse reaction should be evoqued in the presence of signs such a fever, asthenia, anorexia and cutaneous reaction. The PID should be stopped immediatly but renal failure yet develops. During a PID treatment, frequent evaluation of blood azotemia, creatinine and proteinuria should be performed. PMID- 35077 TI - [Study of recovery following neuroleptoanalgesia antagonized with naloxone]. PMID- 35078 TI - [A case of dextromoramide allergy with lymphocyte transformation test]. PMID- 35079 TI - American Lung Association, American Thoracic Society, Congress of Lung Association staff: annual meeting program, Las Vegas, Nevada, May 13-16, 1979. Program and abstracts. PMID- 35080 TI - Development and prospective study of an Anatomical Index and an Acute Trauma Index. AB - The development of two indices which can be used to characterize the acutely injured patient is presented. Evidence in support of the concept of characterizing injuries by the combined use of tissue disruption information and physiologic and biochemical response information is examined. PMID- 35081 TI - [Influence of pH on the electrical activity of the atrial trabecula of the rabbit (proceedings)]. PMID- 35082 TI - International Symposium on Legionnaires' Disease. 13-15 November 1978, Atlanta, Georgia. PMID- 35083 TI - British Association of Clinical Anatomists. Abstracts of papers presented at Summer Meeting, 1978. PMID- 35084 TI - Changes in hydromineral metabolism in diarrhoeic rabbits. 2. Study of the modifications of electrolyte metabolism. AB - The study of the equilibrium of the main electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-), in plasma and intestinal content and the evolution of the partial plasma (Na+, K+, Cl-) in the young rabbit suffering from diarrhoea revealed disturbances of the mineral metabolism. Mineral losses were lower in sick animals than in controls. When the reduction of ingested matter was taken into account, the ion balance showed a deficit. The apparent coefficient of digestive utlization (aCDU) of the electrolytes Na+ and K+ dropped, although the reabsorption of these ions in the last segments of the digestive tract was generally good. The pH remained normal and the proteinaemia fell, suggesting a haemodilution. This was backed up by the presence of a hyponatraemia and a hypochloraemia, but did not account for the large drop in kaliemia. On the other hand, the plasma osmotic pressure increased, very probably in association with a high uraemia. It would therefore seem that the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in the young rabbit differed from that of other known examples, such as diarrhoea in the calf and in the infant. In the young rabbit, the pathogenesis of diarrhoea resulting from coccidiosis would seem to be, as much a result of a nutritional deficiency in particular of potassium, as of a malfunctioning of the digestive tract. PMID- 35085 TI - [Physiopathological and clinical approaches to the treatment of hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 35086 TI - [Arterial hypertension in older persons and its treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 35087 TI - [Moderate arterial hypertension: what treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 35088 TI - Proton secretion by the kidney. PMID- 35089 TI - Neural and hormonal regulation of gastrointestinal function: an overview. PMID- 35090 TI - Hibernation: endocrinologic aspects. PMID- 35091 TI - Fetal and neonatal pulmonary circulation. PMID- 35092 TI - Electrogenesis of the plateau and pacemaker potential. PMID- 35093 TI - Central neurotransmitters and the secretion of prolactin, GH, LH and TSH. PMID- 35094 TI - The role of prostaglandins in the central nervous system. PMID- 35095 TI - International conference on new developments in immunoassays. Dusseldorf, November 14-15, 1977, and Chicago, Ill., December 5-6, 1977: proceedings. PMID- 35096 TI - Optimizing the continuous production of Candida utilis and Saccharomycopsis fibuliger on potato processing wastewater. AB - The yeasts Candida utilis and Saccharomycopsis fibuliger were propagated as a source of single-cell protein in a continuous, mixed, aerobic, single-stage cultivation on blancher water generated during potato processing. A series of steady-state experiments based on a two-level factorial design, half-replicate modified with an intermediate experiment, was performed to determine the effect of pH, 3.8 to 4.8; dissolved oxygen, 42 to 80% saturation; dilution rate, 0.17 to 0.31 h(-1); and temperature, 27 to 32 degrees C on the amount of carbon consumed, the rate of carbon consumption (R(c)), the amount of reducing sugar consumed, the rate of sugar consumption (R(g)), the amount of protein produced, the rate of protein production (R(p)), the yield from carbon, and the yield from reducing sugar. The results were analyzed by stepwise multiple regression and Fisher's least significant difference test. Analyses showed that high dilution rates resulted in increased R(c), R(g), and R(p) and indicated that a rate of 0.31 h( 1) was below the critical dilution rate. A temperature of 32 degrees C increased the amount of carbon consumed by 34%. A pH of 4.3 to 4.8 increased the amount of protein produced. The yield from carbon was constant, and the relatively high yield from reducing sugar indicated that other substrates were consumed. Dissolved oxygen was in excess at 42% saturation and above. Since C. utilis predominated the mixed cultures and amylase production appeared to be limited, a single-stage fermentation lacked efficiency. The experimental design allowed preliminary optimization of major environmental variables with relatively few experiments and provided a basis for future kinetic studies. PMID- 35097 TI - Injury and recovery of Escherichia coli after sublethal acidification. AB - Over 99% of the viable cells of Escherichia coli K-12 were injured after a 60-min exposure to 0.3 M sodium acetate buffer at pH 4.2. Injured cells were those able to grow on Trypticase soy agar but unable to grow on violet red bile agar. The extent of both death and injury of acid-treated cells increased with decreasing pH or increasing concentration of acid. Injured cells were able to recover their colony-forming ability on violet red bile agar by incubation in Trypticase soy broth or potassium phosphate buffer before plating on the agar media. Direct neutralization of the injury medium did not allow recovery and, in fact, was lethal to the population. The addition of metabolic inhibitors to the Trypticase soy recovery broth was used to study the repair process. It was not affected by the presence of inhibitors of protein, cell wall, deoxyribonucleic acid, or ribonucleic acid syntheses. The addition of 2,4-dinitrophenol to the recovery medium also did not inhibit recovery. Actinomycin D and N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide were lethal to a proportion of the acidified cells but allowed another fraction of the population to recover. There were no detectable amounts of 260- or 280-nm-absorbing materials leaked during the course of acid injury. PMID- 35098 TI - Formation of N-nitrosamines from seconday animes and nitrite by resting cells of Escherichia coli B. AB - In the presence of resting cells of Escherichia coli B, the formation of N nitrosamines from nitrite and secondary amines, such as dimethylamine and piperidine, was proportional to the incubation time and to the cell concentration. Optimum pH was 8.0. Boiled cells were incapable of nitrosating secondary amines. Although these experiments were carried out by using intact cells of E. coli B, the reaction followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and the apparent Km values calculated from Lineweaver-Burk plots were 0.12 +/- 0.03 M for dimethylamine and 0.07 +/- 0.02 M for nitrite. The apparent Km for piperidine was 0.15 +/- 0.05 M. The nitrosation was inhibited by high substrate concentrations. These results suggested that the formation of n-nitrosamines by resting cells of E. coli B apparently depends on their enzyme activities. PMID- 35099 TI - Purification and properties of Azotobacter vinelandii glutamine synthetase. PMID- 35100 TI - On the amino acids involved in the ATPase site of mitochondrial F1 and the implication of the subunit C. PMID- 35101 TI - Isolation of anthglutin, an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from Penicillum oxalicum. PMID- 35102 TI - Anomerization of glucose 6-phosphate: catalysis by phosphoglucose isomerase. PMID- 35103 TI - The relationship between chemiluminescence and lipid peroxidation in rat hepatic microsomes. PMID- 35104 TI - Biotin subunits of acetyl CoA carboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase from a thermophilic Bacillus. PMID- 35105 TI - Fat metabolism in higher plants. Further characterization of wheat germ acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. PMID- 35106 TI - Purification and partial characterization of beef liver gluconolactonase. PMID- 35107 TI - Biosynthesis of keratan sulfate: purification and properties of a galactosyltransferase from bovine cornea. PMID- 35108 TI - Purification and molecular and enzymic properties of mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase. PMID- 35109 TI - Blisters of the skin in coma induced by amitriptyline and clorazepate dipotassium. Report of a case with underlying sweat gland necrosis. PMID- 35110 TI - Paediatric Pathology Society. Proceedings of the Twenty-fourth Annual Meeting: Abstracts. PMID- 35111 TI - Paediatric Research Society. Plymouth, 15 and 16 September 1978: Abstracts. PMID- 35112 TI - The ideal bronchodilator. PMID- 35113 TI - Relationship between arterial and venous bicarbonate values. AB - We determined the clinical efficacy of using the venous CO2 value, as obtained with routine "electrolytes", in acid-base management. Venipuncture samples for venous CO2 content and chloride concentrations were obtained in 336 patients with arterial blood pH, PaO2, PaCO2, and oxygen saturation determinations. The linear correlation between actual calculated arterial HCO3- and the measured venous CO2 was significant (P less than .001). Using venous CO2, chloride, and arterial pH values, we present various prediction equations for estimating arterial HCO3-. We determined the effects of time delay, exposure to air, and acute changes in arterial blood pH and PaCO2 on venous CO2 levels. Venous CO2 determinations should not be substituted for the arterial HCO3 value in the Henderson Hasselbalch equation to calculate arterial blood pH or PaCO2. Clinically, the venous CO2 value has little direct use, but when venous CO2 content is abnormal, it should alert the clinician to the need for obtaining arterial blood gas and pH values. PMID- 35114 TI - [Effects of beta blockaders on ventilatory function in chronic bronchitis]. AB - This study was carried out to determine whether beta blockers could be prescribed for patients with coronary insufficiency and chronic bronchitis. The effects of intravenous infusions (30 mn) of propranolol (30 micrograms/kg), practolol 90 micrograms/kg), atenolol (90 micrograms/kg) and acebutolol (150 micrograms/kg) on vital capacity and expiratory flow rates were investigated in chronic bronchitics. Propranolol (n = 51) moderately reduced the vital capacity and FEV1, by an average 9% and a maximum of 20%. The three other infused agents given to groups of 10 patients did not change the ventilatory function. When the same patients were investigated by cross over with propranol bronchoconstriction was observed. This effect was seen in all stages of chronic bronchitis but was much less severe than in a group of 50 asthmatic patients (-23%). The respiratory tolerance of the cardioselective beta blockers seems to be better but there is considerable individual variation and the diagnosis between asthma and chronic bronchitis may itself be very difficult. PMID- 35115 TI - Blood levels of neuroleptic drugs in nonresponding chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - Blood levels of butaperazine were measured in schizophrenic patients who were chronic nonresponders to their psychotropic medication. The blood levels were compared with those in patients who had shown a better clinical response to this neuroleptic. Nonresponders had two to seven times lower levels of butaperazine in plasma and RBCs after a single dose or chronic dosing. Some of the patients later treated with thioridazine or haloperidol had lower plasma levels of these neuroleptics also. No significant differences were found between nonresponders and relative responders in either the alpha- or beta-phase half-life of butaperazine in plasma and RBCs after administration of a single dose of the drug. Butaperazine and thioridazine levels were not related to previously administered amounts of neuroleptic drugs. These findings do not support the hypothesis that low blood levels are the result of faster systemic metabolism of the drug after it reaches the central circulation. Our results suggest that low blood levels of neuroleptics may be one important factor in the poor clinical response of some chronic schizophrenic patients. PMID- 35116 TI - Tardive dyskinesia--reversible and persistent. AB - Twenty-one hospitalized patients over 50 years of age who had tardive dyskinesia were studied for 13 months. After withdrawal of neuroleptics and antidepressants for three months, dyskinetic symptoms abated in 12 patients and persisted in nine. Discriminant function analysis showed that the persistent and reversible dyskinesia groups could be clearly separated and that the best discriminator was the number of drug-free intervals. The persistent dyskinesia group had had significantly longer neuroleptic treatment (mean, 10.8 yr) and a greater number (mean, 5.6) of drug interruptions of at least two months' duration each than did the reversible dyskinesia group. Our finding, as well as the literature reviewed, does not support the commonly held notion that frequent lengthy interruptions of long-term drug treatment reduce the incidence of persistent dyskinesia, at least in patients who are otherwise predisposed to the development of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 35117 TI - Improvement in tardive dyskinesia after muscimol therapy. AB - Muscimol, thought to be a agonist of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), was administered to eight neuroleptic-free subjects with tardive dyskinesia. At oral dose levels from 5 to 9 mg, involuntary movements were consistently attenuated, usually in the absence of sedation. These results support the view that pharmacologic attempts to stimulate GABA-mediated synaptic transmission may afford symptomatic relief to patients with tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 35118 TI - Relationship between the B-mitten EEG pattern and tardive dyskinesia. A pilot control study. AB - The identification of patients at high risk for the development of tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a major problem in psychopharmacology. We found a possible relationship between the subcortical B-mitten EEG pattern and TD. Twenty-one TD pateints were matched on a number of relevant variables with 21 patients without TD. Ninety-five percent of the TD patients had mittens, compared to 33.3% of controls. The results suggest that the mitten dysrhythmia may be a risk factor for the development of TD. Additional findings suggest that among TD patients, mittens are differentially more frequent in younger (93.1%) as opposed to older (0.0%) subjects. PMID- 35119 TI - Breast cancer and treatment with neuroleptics. PMID- 35120 TI - A rabbit used as a model for testing hematopoietic tissue transplants. AB - Allogenic transplantations of bone marrow or spleen cells were carried out on rabbits treated with cyclophosphamide. About 50% of the recipients developed chimerism of peripheral blood cells. Chimerism was a passing phenomenon prevailing from 14 to 180 days after grafting. A phenomenon indicating that not all cell lines develop after transplantation from the donor stem cells, was observed. This phenomenon has been called "restricted chimerism". The GvH reaction was of a chronic type. Relative spleen weights were significantly increased in animals receiving the spleen cell grafts, but not in animals receiving bone marrow grafts. A direct positive erythrocyte Coombs test was found in almost all graft recipients. In addition cytotoxic autoantibodies against lymphocytes were present in sera of about 20% of the recipients. PMID- 35121 TI - Enhancing effect of X-ray irradiation on a new blood vessel formation in mice tested by lymphocyte induced angiogenesis assay. AB - X-irradiation enhanced a new blood vessel formation occurring in the course of a local GvH reaction in mice. Maximal enhancing effect was exerted by single total body irradiation doses ranging from 700 to 1050 R. Fractionation in daily doses smaller than 200 R did not exhibit enhancing effect. Proliferative ability of angiogenesis inducing cells is not necessary for enhancing effect of irradiation. PMID- 35122 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis by enzymatically isolated rabbit cornea cells. AB - Corneal and kidney cells were isolated from adult rabbits by enzymatic digestion. The were tested for anti-angiogeneic activity by the lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis assay. In this assay an intradermal injection of semi-allogeneic lymphocytes resulted in a new blood vessel formation visible after three days at the injection site. Isolated rabbit cells were mixed in 1:10 ratio with murine lymphocytes and injected into 600 R X-ray irradiated mice. Number of newly formed blood vessels evoked by lymphocytes injected alone or with rabbit cells added was counted. Corneal cells but not kidney cells decreased angiogenesis evoked by lymphocytes. This finding is discussed in view of corneal avascularity and pathological neo-vascularization. PMID- 35123 TI - Local graft versus host reaction in the xenogeneic system. AB - The injection of viable rat spleen cells beneath the renal capsule of cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated adult mice produced a localized graft versus host reaction (GvHR), manifested by the kidney enlargement index (KI). The optimal xenogeneic GvHR was obtained after injection of 30-50 million rat spleen cells into mouse recipients treated 24 hr before with CY, 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.), and killed 7 days later. Splenomegaly in recipient mice suggested systemic dissemination of the local GvHR. PMID- 35124 TI - Splenic suppressor cells in fetal and newborn mice. AB - Newborn mice are refractory to sensitization with picryl chloride and the graft versus host reaction (GvHR) in F1 fetal mice injected with parental lymphocytes is markedly reduced. Moreover, spleen cells (but not thymic lymphocytes) of fetal or newborn animals are able to suppress the cell-mediated immune responses, contact sensitivity (CS) and GvHR in a variety of experimental situations. The inhibitory cells are thy-positive and their suppressive activity wanes early after birth. PMID- 35125 TI - Alkali-stable oligosaccharides isolated by hydrazinolysis of M and N blood group glycoproteins. AB - Three alkali-stable oligosaccharides free of amino acids were purified from hydrazinolysis products of M or N blood group glycoprotein. These three oligosaccharides differed in the content of sialic acid and contained similar amounts of other carbohydrate components. The asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, obtained by strong alkaline degradation of M glycoprotein, showed similar electrophoretic mobilities and chemical composition to the oligosaccharides obtained by hydrazinolysis. It indicates that hydrazinolysis does not give a substantial degradation of carbohydrates of alkali-stable oligosaccharides of human red cell glycoprotein. PMID- 35126 TI - Physicochemical properties of a proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) from ovine colostrum. AB - Properties of a proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) accompanying ovine colostral IgG2 are described. PRP is soluble at 4 degrees C but reversibly precipitates by warming to room temperature. Maximal precipitation is observed at pH = 4.6, temp. 48 degrees C, and ionic strength higher than 0.6. There is a linear dependence of precipitation on concentration of PRP. Molecular weight of PRP is 38,000 daltons. It is not changed in the presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, SH-compounds, and in the presence or absence of metal ions. PRP is built of one polypeptide chain. No difference in proteolysis of IgG2 by pepsin, papain and trypsin in the absence or presence of PRP was found. PMID- 35127 TI - Modulation of human T lymphocyte rosette formation by serum factors. AB - It was determined that in the serum of TB patients, the factor (beta-lipoprotein) was present, lowering/modulating the ability of T lymphocyte rosette formation with SRBC. It was also found that in normal sera a factor is present which restores rosette formation with T lymphocytes from TB patients. The reaction of rosette inhibition factor and rosette restoring factor with xenogeneic cells, suggest that the reaction of the factors is not limited to modulation of spontaneous rosette formation only. PMID- 35128 TI - Evaluation of biological activity of TFX (Polfa) a product obtained from calf thymus. PMID- 35129 TI - Antigenic and immunogenic properties of gamma-glutamyl-transferase preparations. AB - Incubation time of human kidney gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) with specific antiserum and precipitate formation caused no effect on inhibition of the enzyme activity. In the obtained precipitate GGT activity was independent of the amount of antiserum and contained 30% of the initial enzyme activity. After reaction of the serum with human liver GGT or with the urine enzyme a precipitate formation and decrease in the enzyme activity was noted. In the serum incubated with GGT isolated from animal kidneys, neither inhibition nor precipitation was observed. The precipitate of bovine kidney GGT with a specific antibody independently of the amount of antibody contained 50% of activity. After treatment of bovine GGT with bromelain four protein fractions giving precipitin lines in crossed immunoelectrophoresis were observed but only one of them preserved catalytic activity. Immunogenicity of newly obtained immobilized GGT preparations was much lower than that of the native enzyme. A distinct and different influence of antibody on the affinity of native and immobilized GGT preparations to donor and acceptors of gamma-glutamyl group was noted. The immunofluorescent technique was used for GGT localization in some bovine tissue sections. PMID- 35130 TI - Synthetic antigens. Horse "natural" antibodies against interpolymer of styrene and maleic acid (PSM). AB - Properties of horse natural anti-PSM antibodies are described. The antibodies were of IgG class. Electrostatic forces were mainly involved in reaction of PSM with horse antibodies. The reaction was inhibited by low molecular compounds resembling structural unit of PSM. Studies of difference spectra and ORD and CD spectra showed no major conformational changes in horse antibodies after reaction with PSM. PMID- 35131 TI - Synthesis of new sulfuric derivatives of allobarbital (5,5-diallylbarbituric acid) with anti-inflammatory activity. AB - It was found that allyl group of alkenes Ia-Ig is transformed into 3'-sulfo-2' sulfatopropyl or beta-methyl-beta-sulton groups in reaction of addition under action of concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of methyl cyanide. It was stated that this reaction is competitive to the Ritter reaction. Soluble in water calcium salts IV obtained from compounds Ia and Ib exhibited strong antiinflammatory activity. PMID- 35132 TI - [Comparative investigations of the binding of perazine dimalonate (PDM) to human and bovine serum albumin (author's transl)]. PMID- 35133 TI - Subendocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypass. Its use with methylprednisolone and glucose-insulin-potassium. AB - Fifteen adult dogs were equally divided into three groups: group 1 (control) received no medication before or after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), group 2 was administered glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) according to Maroko's protocol before, during, and after CPB, whereas group 3 was treated with methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) 30 minutes prior to and near the end of CPB. Moderately severe subendocardial hemorrhage was present in 80% of group 1, 50% of group 2, and only 20% of group 3 ventricles. Endocardial viability ratios after CPB were greater than 0.75 in 20% of group 1, 80% of group 2, and 100% of group 3 animals. Both GIK and steroids improved subendocardial perfusion after anoxic arrest and CPB compared with controls. However, steroid-treated dogs exhibited less endocardial hemorrhage, improved contractility, and more rapid return to baseline conditions than either GIK or control animals. These data suggests that steroids could be considered whenever normothermic anoxic cardiac arrest is used for cardiac operations. PMID- 35134 TI - Failure of cimetidine prophylaxis in the critically ill. AB - Stress ulcers with subsequent hemorrhage are a well-recognized cause of morbidity and mortality in patients hospitalized for other serious illnesses. In 39 critically ill patients, cimetidine was used as a prophylaxis against stress ulcers with the intent to keep the gastric pH level above 4. In 11 of the 39 patients, cimetidine alone did not effect consistent elevation of the gastric pH level above 4. Of the 11 patients, nine had positive blood cultures or clinical infection and five also developed renal failure. Five comatose patients never had pH greater than 4 on cimetidine alone. The mortality for those whose conditions failed to respond to cimetidine was five times greater than for those whose conditions responded to cimetidine. These data imply that a high-risk group of patients can be identified whose conditions may not respond to cimetidine treatment and whose gastric pH must be regularly monitored. PMID- 35135 TI - Evaluation of intragastric pH in acutely ill patients. AB - The effect of various modalities on maintaining a high intragastric pH in acutely ill patients was evaluated. Twelve patients with one or more organ system failures had the effect of nasogastric suction, intragastric antacid instillation, and intravenous cimetidine administration on intragastric pH determined by an indwelling, intragastric pH probe. Each therapeutic modality was administered for 12 hours and the order of performance randomized. Nasogastric suction was associated with a constant intragastric pH of less than 2.0. Mean intragastric pH with cimetidine administration was significantly higher than with antacid administration and consistently greater than 5.0. If low intragastric pH represents susceptibility to acute mucosal lesions, cimetidine therapy was more effective than antacids in the doses and frequency of administration used in this study in maintaining a high intragastric pH, and it may be effective in preventing stress ulcer formation. PMID- 35136 TI - [Morphohistochemical characteristics of structures of the esophageal cross striated muscle tissue]. AB - On the bases of histochemical enzymatic studies and morphometric investigations, some differences were revealed between cross-striated esophageal muscular tissue and other skeletal muscles of mammals. A peculiar feature of the esophageal musculature is prevalence of unitypical fibres with small diameter and possessing high activity of oxidating enzymes. According to these signs, esophageal myons can be ascribed to the first type of muscular fibres. Simultaneously, a high activity of myofibrillar ATPh is revealed in them. Thus, according to histochemical indices, cross-striated esophageal muscular fibres of mammals are quick and slowly fatiqued fibres. PMID- 35137 TI - [Differentiation of muscle fibers of various types during postnatal development of the ventral serrate muscle in a rat]. AB - In the denticulate ventral muscle of Wistar rats at the age of 1 day--2 months activity of NAD-N-dehydrogenase, succynic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase has been determined in transversal cryostat sections. Quantitative estimation of the enzymes activity has been carried on by the plag-method. With age, general tendency to increasing activity of the enzymes mentioned is noted, but the dynamics of the increase is peculiar for every enzyme. Analysing the histograms on muscular fibre distribution according to their optical density, it is possible to estimate the dynamics. Simultaneously, the width of variational series, central statistical moments, indices of asymmetry and excess are also estimated. The whole course of the muscular fibre development, in accordance to the range and moments of distribution, can be devided into four main stages: stable, initial stage, slow increase of events, rapid increase of events and stabilization of the process. The stages mentioned pass gradually one into another making it possible to mark transitional stages (5--11, 15--19, 34--60 days). Using standard indices, it is possible to characterize more strictly the processes occurring in the course of muscular fibre differentiation. Lack of parallelism in the dynamics of asimilarity and excess can be treated as variety in differentiation of muscular fibres with middle and large optic density, and parallelism in dynamics--as their simultaneous differentiation. By comparing the curves it can be concluded that up to the 12--14th days, variety in differentiation of muscular fibres occurs, while after the 14th day their differentiation is more regular and simultaneous. The method of cytophotometry with subsequent mathematical processing of the results helps to determine the stages of muscular fibres differentiation. PMID- 35138 TI - [Second All-Union Conference on the Problems of Sports Morphology]. PMID- 35139 TI - The other pink puffers or ventilation during exercise. PMID- 35140 TI - Partial purification of a neutral protease from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and its proteolytic effect on immunoglobulin G. PMID- 35141 TI - Phosphatase activity in strains of Streptococcus mutans. PMID- 35142 TI - Acid production from sorbitol in human dental plaque. PMID- 35143 TI - [1978 proceedings of the German Society for Ear-Nose-Throat Medicine, Head and Neck Surgery. Part II. Session Report]. PMID- 35144 TI - The resistance welded stainless steel interface. AB - The results obtained using single impulse and multiple impulse welds for joining orthodontic band and wire material showed that the single impulse produced an autogenous nugget of fused parent material and several nuggets were formed with the multiple impulse weld. Excessive current was deleterious. PMID- 35145 TI - Pharmacological aspects of bronchodilators. PMID- 35146 TI - Which bronchodilator-and when? PMID- 35147 TI - Prescribing in Australia. Part 2. AB - A brief history of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme is given. Available statistics in recent years have been analyzed indicating the more frequently prescribed drugs both individually and in the major pharmacological groups. Part 1, which covers antibiotics and analgesics was published in AFP, February, 1979. PMID- 35148 TI - Surgical Research Society of Australasia. 24th Scientific Meeting, May 12, 1978, University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Abstracts. PMID- 35149 TI - [Glucose, lactate and actual pH values in cows and calves during and immediately following birth]. PMID- 35150 TI - Urinary lysosomal hydrolases in mucolipidosis II and mucolipidosis III. AB - Investigation of the binding characteristics of acid beta-D-galactosidase, N acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, alpha-D-galactosidase and alpha-L-fucosidase from patients with mucolipidosis II and mucolipidosis III to concanavalin A--Sepharose 4B revealed a 2--10-fold decrease in the proportion of enzyme activities from patients with mucolipidoses II and III that adsorbed on the lectin. Neuraminidase treatment of the unadsorbed enzyme fraction did not significantly increased the proportion of enzyme activities that bound to the concanavalin A--Sepharose 4B. Characterization of acid beta-D-galactosidase from the adsorbed and unadsorbed enzyme fractions of mucolipidosis II and mucolipidosis III patients demonstrated identical apparent Km values of 0.22 mM with respect to 4-methylumbelliferyl beta D-galactopyranoside, altered pH--activity profiles and heterogeneous isoelectric focusing patterns. The results of this study support the suggestion of an alteration of a post-translational modification (possibly glycosylation) occurring in mucolipidosis II and mucolipidosis III common to the lysosomal hydrolases that affects the mannoserelated properties of these enzymes. PMID- 35151 TI - The adsorption of proteins and protein--dodecyl sulphate complexes on N-(3 carboxypropionyl)aminodecyl-Sepharose. AB - Equilibrium and kinetic aspects of the binding of several proteins to N-(3 carboxypropionyl)aminodecyl-Sepharose, an amphiphilic ampholytic adsorbent, were studied at 22 degrees C, pH 7.0, I 0.10--0.12. In the absence of detergents Scatchard plots are linear for human haemoglobin and soya-bean trypsin inhibitor, but non-linear for bovine serum albumin, which is also adsorbed more tightly than the other two proteins. The introduction [corrected] of 3.5mM-sodium dodecyl sulphate causes dramatic increases in the amounts and affinities of serum albumin and haemoglobin adsorbed, but has relatively little effect on the trypsin inhibitor. At concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulphate greater than about 10mM there is a fall in the binding of all proteins, owing to competition from the detergent for binding sites on the adsorbent, and a tendency towards more uniform behaviour by different proteins. Kinetic experiments suggest that in the absence of the detergent haemoglobin and serum albumin are adsorbed initially by mainly ionic forces, but that subsequently hydrophobic forces become dominant. Addition of 3.5 mM-sodium dodecyl sulphate causes pronounced changes in the time course of adsorption of haemoglobin and serum albumin, the nature of the changes being different for each protein. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 35152 TI - Circular-dichroism studies of ligand binding to dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei MTX/R. AB - Circular-dichroism spectra (200--450 nm) were recorded for Lactobacillus casei MTX/R dihydrofolate reductase and its complexes with substrates, inhibitors and coenzymes. These spectra are compared with those reported by others for dihydrofolate reductase from other sources. The binding of NADP+ or NADPH is associated with the perturbation of one or more aromatic amino acid residues, and there is marked enhancement of the negative c.d. band at 340 nm arising from the dihydronicotinamide chromophore of NADPH. The substrates folate and dihydrofolate give rise to substantial extrinsic c.d. bands on binding, which show a number of specific differences between enzymes from different sources. The binary complexes between the enzyme and the inhibitors methotrexate or trimethoprim also show strong c.d. bands, and these are qualitatively very similar for all dihydrofolate reductases studied so far. The ternary complexes between enzyme, NADPH and trimethoprim or methotrexate are very different from the sum of the spectra of the binary complexes. Trimethoprim leads to the disappearance of the 340 nm c.d. band of bound NADPH, whereas in the methotrexate--NADPH--enzyme ternary complex a "couplet" c.d. spectrum is observed at long wavelengths. Analysis of this latter feature suggests that it arises from a direct interaction between the dihydronicotinamide and pteridine rings in the ternary complex. PMID- 35153 TI - Kinetic studies of dogfish liver glutamate dehydrogenase. AB - Initial-rate studies were made of the oxidation of L-glutamate by NAD+ and NADP+ catalysed by highly purified preparations of dogfish liver glutamate dehydrogenase. With NAD+ as coenzyme the kinetics show the same features of coenzyme activation as seen with the bovine liver enzyme [Engel & Dalziel (1969) Biochem. J. 115, 621--631]. With NADP+ as coenzyme, initial rates are much slower than with NAD+, and Lineweaver--Burk plots are linear over extended ranges of substrate and coenzyme concentration. Stopped-flow studies with NADP+ as coenzyme give no evidence for the accumulation of significant concentrations of NADPH containing complexes with the enzyme in the steady state. Protection studies against inactivation by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate indicate that NAD+ and NADP+ give the same degree of protection in the presence of sodium glutarate. The results are used to deduce information about the mechanism of glutamate oxidation by the enzyme. Initial-rate studies of the reductive amination of 2-oxoglutarate by NADH and NADPH catalysed by dogfish liver glutamate dehydrogenase showed that the kinetic features of the reaction are very similar with both coenzymes, but reactions with NADH are much faster. The data show that a number of possible mechanisms for the reaction may be discarded, including the compulsory mechanism (previously proposed for the enzyme) in which the sequence of binding is NAD(P)H, NH4+ and 2-oxoglutarate. The kinetic data suggest either a rapid-equilibrium random mechanism or the compulsory mechanism with the binding sequence NH4+, NAD(P)H, 2-oxoglutarate. However, binding studies and protection studies indicate that coenzyme and 2-oxoglutarate do bind to the free enzyme. PMID- 35154 TI - Zinc(II) binding to apo-(bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase). AB - The binding of zinc(II) ions to apo-(bovine erythrocytes superoxide dismutase) was studied by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy. Two zinc(II) ions bind to each subunit of the apoenzyme, and the first has a binding constant at least an order of magnitude larger than the second. The nature of the spectral changes that occur on binding the first zinc(II) ion are interpreted in terms of a change in the structure of the protein around the active site to one very similar to that of the holoenzyme, thus pre-forming the second zinc(II) binding site. The binding of the second zinc(II) ion effects changes in the environment of only those residues involved in its co-ordination. PMID- 35155 TI - Enzyme activity in partly dissociated fragments of rat intestinal maltase/glucoamylase. AB - Pure rat intestinal maltase/glucoamylase was partially inactivated in 1% sodium dodecyl sulphage by heating at 40--70 degree C for 5 min at pH 7.5, or by lowering the pH to 5.4--6.6 at 24 degree C. When partially active preparations were electrophoresed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, a complicated protein band pattern of incompletely dissociated fragments of the enzyme was observed. Complete dissociation of the enzyme in sodium dodecyl sulphate, induced by boiling or by pH values below 5.4, was accompanied by total loss of enzyme activity and simplification of the protein pattern to five major species. Although the original enzyme band was absent from some partially dissociated preparations, enzyme activity was present and was associated with several transient protein bands on the gels. Maltase and alpha-glucosidase activities were detected in these bands, but glucoamylase activity was absent. PMID- 35157 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of action of aldehyde reductase from pig kidney. AB - An improved procedure for purifying aldehyde reductase is described. Utilization of Blue Dextran--Sepharose 4B and elimination of hydroxyapatite chromatography greatly improves the yield and ease of purification. Starting with 340 g of kidney tissue (two pig kidneys) approx. 50 mg of purified reductase may be routinely and reproducibly obtained. The purified reductase was used to establish the kinetic reaction mechanism of the enzyme. Initial-velocity analysis and product-inhibition data revealed that pig kidney aldehyde reductase follows an Ordered Bi Bi reaction mechanism in which NADPH binds first before D glyceraldehyde. The limiting Michaelis constants for D-glyceraldehyde and NADPH were 4.8 +/- 0.7 mM and 9.1 +/- 2.1 micrometer respectively. The mechanism is similar to that of another monomeric oxidoreductase, octopine dehydrogenase, towards which aldehyde reductase exhibits several similarities, but differs from that of other aldehyde reductases. Phenobarbital is a potent inhibitor of aldehyde reductase, inhibiting both substrate and cofactor non-competitively (Ki = 80.4 +/- 10.5 micrometer and 66.9 +/- 1.6 micrometer respectively). Barbiturate inhibition seems to be a common property of NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductases. PMID- 35158 TI - The mechanism of reduction of single-site redox proteins by ascorbic acid. AB - The reduction of single-site haem and copper redox proteins by ascorbic acid was studied as a function of pH. Evidence is presented that indicates that the double deprotonated ascorbate anion, ascorbate2-, is the reducing agent, and the pH independent second-order rate constants for reduction by this species are given. Investigation of the temperature dependences of these rate constants have yielded the values of the activation parameters (delta H++ and delta S++) for reduction. These values, together with ligand-replacement studies, suggest that ascorbate2- acts as an outer-sphere reductant for these proteins. Reasons to account for the apparent inability of ascorbic acid to reduce the alkaline conformer of mammalian ferricytochrome c are suggested. PMID- 35159 TI - Artificially induced active transport of amino acid driven by the efflux of a sugar via a heterologous transport system in de-energized Escherichia coli. AB - Consistent with the model of an H+ cotransport, amino acid uptake can be driven by a proton gradient generated by an efflux of sugar when the normal energy sources are suppressed. Heterologous countertransport is completely inhibited by uncouplers unlike homologous countertransport. Positive coupling was obtained with methyl thiogalactoside/proline, methyl thiogalactoside/phenylalanine, gluconate/proline; however, the poor coupling efficiency suggests a more complex sequence of reactions. PMID- 35156 TI - Some kinetic and other properties of the isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase isolated from sheep liver. AB - A method for the purification of mitochondrial isoenzyme of sheep liver aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) is described. The final preparation is homogeneous by ultracentrifuge analyses and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and has a high specific activity (182 units/mg). The molecular weight determined by sedimentation equilibrium is 87,100 +/- 680. The amino acid composition is presented; it is similar to that of other mitochondrial isoenzymes, but with a higher content of tyrosine and threonine. Subforms have been detected. On isoelectric focusing a broad band was obtained, with pI 9.14. The properties of the mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase are compared with those of the cytoplasmic isoenzyme. The Km for L-aspartate and 2-oxoglutarate for the cytoplasmic enzyme were 2.96 +/- 0.20 mM and 0.093 +/- 0.010 mM respectively; the corresponding values for the mitochondrial form were 0.40 +/- 0.12 mM and 0.98 +/ 0.14 mM. Cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase showed substrate inhibition by concentrations of 2-oxoglutarate above 0.25 mM in the presence of aspartate up to 2mM. The mitochondrial isoenzyme was not inhibited in this way. Pi at pH 7.4 inhibited cytoplasmic holoenzyme activity by up to about 60% and mitochondrial holoenzyme activity up to 40%. The apparent dissociation constants for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate were 0.23 micrometer (cytoplasmic) and 0.062 micrometer (mitochondrial) and for pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate they were 70 micrometer (cytoplasmic) and 40 micrometer (mitochondrial). Pi competitively inhibited coenzyme binding to the apoenzymes; the inhibition constants at 37 degree C were 32 micrometer for the cytoplasmic isoenzyme and 19.5 micrometer for the mitochondrial form. PMID- 35160 TI - Transmembrane electrical potential and transmembrane pH gradient in the acidophile Thiobacillus ferro-oxidans. AB - Thiobacillus ferro-oxidans is capable of using the oxidation of Fe2+ by O2 at pH 2.0 as the sole source of energy for growth and CO2 fixation. The bacterium maintains an intracellular pH of 6.5 over a range of external pH from 1.0 to 8.0, as measured by [14C]acetate and [3H]methylamine distribution. The membrane potential was estimated by the distribution of the lipid-soluble cation dibenzyldimethylammonium and the anion SCN-. At pH 2.0 (the pH of growth) during Fe2+ oxidation the transmembrane pH gradient is 4.5 units with an opposing membrane potential of -10mV, giving a proton electrochemical gradient of +256mV. This gradient is actively maintained. PMID- 35161 TI - Adipose glycerol kinase: low molecular weight protein has two Michaelis constants for glycerol. PMID- 35163 TI - The receptor-mediated, short-term activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in organ cultures of rat superior cervical ganglia. PMID- 35162 TI - Evidence for an ATP-driven "proton pump" in rat liver lysosomes by basic dyes uptake. PMID- 35164 TI - Biotransformation of endorphins by a synaptosomal plasma membrane preparation of rat brain and by human serum. PMID- 35165 TI - The beta-adrenergic receptor of turkey erythrocyte membranes: conformational modification by beta-adrenergic agonists. PMID- 35168 TI - Author's abstracts of the IUPS Satellite Symposium, Dortmund, July 27--29, 1977. Theory and application of ion-selective electrodes in physiology and medicine. Part 1. PMID- 35166 TI - Oscillating levels of adenylate and guanylate cyclase activities in rat embryo fibroblasts stimulated to divide. PMID- 35167 TI - [The influence of 2-ethyl-3-(4-hydroxy-benzoyl)- benzofuran on the contraction of pial arterial muscles (author's transl)]. AB - By means of perivascular perfusion of thin sections of pial arteries with differently composed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) the vessel diameters can be influenced. In cats, anesthetized with pentobarbital, addition of serotonin, norepinephrine or calcium to an artificial CSF which was infused through micropipettes into the perivascular space of the pial arteries, caused constrictions of the arteries contacting the modified CSF. Hyperventilation or perivascular perfusion of alkaline CSF also caused reduction of the pial arterial diameters. 2-Ethyl-3-(-hydroxy-benzoyl)-benzofuran (benzarone) inhibited or abolished the constrictions elicited by the above mentioned stimuli. The effect was dose-dependent. High doses of benzarone caused pial arterial dilations: The inhibition of the calcium induced constriction especially, seems worth mentioning since this ion plays a central role in the contraction mechanisms of the vascular smooth muscle cells. PMID- 35169 TI - The interaction of central acting drugs with glutamate dehydrogenase. AB - The neuroleptics chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, triflupromazine and thioridazine seem to effect the aggregation of glutamate dehydrogenase by binding to one single site of the polypeptide chain, possibly the GTP site. This interaction could biologically be of importance for the degree of activity at high enzyme concentrations found in vivo. Amitriptyline and fluorazepam also bind to a specific single site of the polypeptide chain without effecting the aggregation of the oligomers. Because of the rather low affinity of these sites the binding of these drugs in vivo does not seem to cause a concentrating effect in the mitochondria. PMID- 35170 TI - [Studies on the biotransformation of reproterol. Structure determination of the main metabolite (author's transl)]. AB - Biotransformation of 7-(3-[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-hydroxy-ethylamino]-propyl) theophylline (reproterol, Bronchospasmin), a beta 2-adrenergic drug recently introduced into therapeutic use, leads to the same main metabolite in animals and in man. By mass-spectroscopy and by synthesis its structure was shown to be tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative which is produced from reproterol by uptake of an additional carbon atom concomitant with cyclization. PMID- 35171 TI - The pharmacological properties of a new, orally active antianaphylactic compound: ketotifen, a benzocycloheptathiophene. PMID- 35173 TI - Pharmacological studies on CS-430, a new psychotropic agent. AB - 10-Bromo-11b-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,3,7,11b-tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2 d][1,4]benzodiazepin-6(5H)-one (CS-430) is a new psychotropic drug and has the following properties. The compound showed sleep-inducing effect at both 0.2 and 5 mg/kg (p.o.) in cynomolgus monkeys or at 3 mg/kg (p.o.) in rats. CS-430 showed selective conflict attenuating in rats or anticonvulsant effects in mice. Furthermore, CS-430 blocked non-discriminated (Sidman) avoidance response without severe impairment of the motor function but not discriminated (shuttle-box) avoidance response in rats. CS-430 also blocked selectively electroshock-induced fighting behavior of mice but not isolation-induced fighting behavior of mice and muricidal behavior induced by ablation of the olfactory bulbs. In addition, CS 430 produced specific potentiation of chlorprothixene-induced sleep and particular potentiation of thiopental sleep in mice. These effects of CS-430 were similar to those of nitrazepam, but differed from those of phenobarbital. The effect of CS-430 on the motor function was roughly 1/2 as potent as that of nitrazepam in the various tests. PMID- 35172 TI - [Comparative study on the effects of alprenolol, bunitrolol, ethaverine, oxprenolol, papaverine, practolol, pindolol, pronethalol, propranolol, toliprolol and verapamil on cardiac and bronchial beta-receptors (author's transl)]. PMID- 35175 TI - [Comparison of etilefrin hydrochloride (not sustained-action) and etilefrin hydrochloride sustained-action pellets in a crossover trial in humans. Investigation of absorption time, absorption rate, blood levels and half-life]. PMID- 35174 TI - Inhibitory effect of beta-adrenergic stimulants on the histamine reaction of the human skin. II. Studies with several derivatives in regard to the dosage used and reaction depending on time. AB - In 56 volunteers the inhibitory effects of the beta-adrenergic stimulants fenoterol, salbutamol, isoproterenol, orciprenaline, terbutaline, epinephrine and phenylephrine were studied. There was a difference between the substances in regard to the applied dose and duration of inhibitory effect. The latter parameter particularly depended on the hydrosolubility of the individual substances. Fenoterol and salbutamol had a very low solubility and a very strong and long-lasting effect. The possibly stronger adhesive power of these drugs in the tissue according to their poor solubility and the site of action in the reactive systems of the skin are discussed giving preference to the vascular system over the mast-cells and cAMP. PMID- 35176 TI - Authors' abstracts of the IUPS Satellite Symposium, Dortmund, July 27--29, 1977. Theory and application of ion-selective electrodes in physiology and medicine. Part 2. PMID- 35177 TI - Micro-pH and pCO2 electrodes in the study of pancreatic electrolyte secretion [proceedings]. PMID- 35179 TI - pO2 and pH micro-electrode studies in surgical patients [proceedings]. PMID- 35181 TI - Kinetics of degradation of cefazolin and cephalexin in aqueous solution. AB - The kinetics of degradation of cefazolin and cephalexin in aqueous solution were investigated at 60 degrees C and constant ionic strength over the entire pH range. The observed degradation rates were obtained by measuring the residual cephalosporin and were shown to follow pseudo-first-order-kinetics. They were influenced significantly by solvolytic and hydroxide ion catalysis. No primary salt effect was observed in the acid or basic pH region. Of the buffer systems employed in the kinetics studies only the phosphate buffer system showed a catalytic effect. The pH-rate profile for cefazolin showed a degradation minimum between pH 5.5 and 6.5. Cephalexin did not show a pH minimum in that region. The apparent energies of activation were determined for cefazolin and cephalexin at pH 5.5 and were calculated to be 24.3 Kcal/mole and 26.2 Kcal/mole, respectively. The agreement between the calculated theoretical pH-rate profiles and the experimental points for both compounds support the hypothesis presented concerning the reactions involved in their respective degradation pathways. PMID- 35180 TI - Gaschromatography of clemastine. A study of plasma kinetics and biological effect. AB - A method for estimation of clemastine in human plasma has been developed. By chronic acid oxidation the drug is degradated to chlorobenzophenone, which can then be analysed by gas-liquid-chromatography using electron-capture detection. The plasma levels of clemastine after oral and i.v. administration have been studied. Using different methods for extraction of the drug from plasma a metabolic degradation of the pyrrolidine part of clemastine is demonstrated. The metabolite proposed may be biologically active. The plasma level of the drug was found to be directly related to its biologic effect, measured as inhibition of the histamine-induced flare in human skin. PMID- 35178 TI - Effects of H+ and total carbonate concentrations on blood calcium ion level and influence of albumin. An in vitro study [proceedings]. PMID- 35183 TI - [The Bourbons and the development of dentistry in Spain]. PMID- 35182 TI - [Effect of cyclophosphamide and some derivatives on the cortisone induction of tyrosine-aminotransferase in rat liver (author's transl)]. AB - The enzyme tyrosine-aminotransferase is induced in the liver of adrenalectomised rats by cortisone acetate with doses higher than 5 mg/kg. This induction is increased by the application of cyclophosphamide. In the case of 4-hydroperoxy cyclophosphamide (active principle of Endoxan) the induction is considerably higher, whereas the immunosuppressive substance sufosamide (Asta 5122) is less effective. With the compound Asta 4968 which lacks carcinostatic and immunosuppressive effects no stimulation can be observed. PMID- 35184 TI - [Preparation of iduronate sulfatase from the human placenta]. AB - The preparation of the enzyme iduronate sulfatase from human placenta has been undertaken. The substrate O-(alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic acid 2-sulfate) (1 leads to 4)-2,5-anhydro-D-[3H]mannitol 6-sulfate was used to measure the enzymatic activity. The enzyme shows a pH optimum of 4.0 in 0.1 M sodium formiate or acetate buffer. Chromatography on DE-52 gives a 5.4 fold purification. The enzyme is inhibited by NaCl or KCl: in 20 mM salt the reaction rate was only 63% and 34% respectively. Inhibition by salt can be removed by extensive dialysis after the chromatographic step. PMID- 35185 TI - [Occult conduction in the atrio-ventricular node: preliminary observations]. PMID- 35186 TI - Chlorazepate for premedication. PMID- 35187 TI - Mode of action of modern tranquillizers from the benzodiazepine group: a clinical view [proceedings]. PMID- 35191 TI - Clinical experiences with clobazam [proceedings]. PMID- 35188 TI - A clinical view of clobazam. AB - 1 The results so far published in the literature, together with our own results, show that in clobazam (Frisium) we have a daytime tranquilizer which is comparable to the newest benzodiazepine derivatives. 2 It is particularly indicated in disorders of the sleeping-waking rhythm, and sometimes also in psychovegetative disorders associated with epilepsy. 3. Its tranquillizing profile of action, the low incidence of side-effects and the absence of interactions with other drugs mean that its applications are varied, not only in neuropsychiatry but also in other medical disciplines. 4 The fact that therapeutic doses do not seem to impair driving ability to render patients incapable of carrying on their profession, means that it is suitable for the treatment of outpatients. PMID- 35190 TI - Clobazam versus diazepam: a double-blind study in anxiety neurosis [proceedings]. PMID- 35189 TI - Evaluation of the effects of clobazam, A 1,5 benzodiazepine, on mood and psychomotor performance in clinically anxious patients in general practice. AB - 1 The methodology of clinical trails of anxiolytic drugs carried out in general practice conditions is discussed. Particular problems include: the selection of suitable patients; placebo effects; the influence of non-specific variables such as life-events; and patient compliance. 2 Clobazam, a novel 1,5 benzodiazepine, and diazepam were compared with placebo in a double-blind group comparative trial in general practice, which was designed to avoid as many confounding variables as possible. Anxiety-reducing effects were evaluated and at the same time the effects of the drugs on psychomotor performance were examined. 3 Both clobazam and diazepam produced significant improvements in anxiety ratings on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale and the Morbid Anxiety Inventory, whereas placebo did not. 4 The placebo group demonstrated a significant improvement in performance on a pursuit rotor and digit symbol substitution test (DSST), whereas the diazepam group's performance did not change. The clobazam group showed improvement in both tests, significantly so in the DSST. This suggests that diazepam produces impairment in performance, which had negated the practice effects seen in the placebo group, whereas clobazam did not seem to produce similar impairment. PMID- 35192 TI - Single daily dose treatment of anxiety with clobazam or dipotassium clorazepate. AB - 1 Forty-four clinically anxious patients entered a comparative double-blind trial of clobazam 20 mg, clobazam 30 mg and dipotassium clorazepate 15 mg, all drugs given as a single dose at night. 2 Assessment by the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Morbid Anxiety Inventory (Salkind) and a Visual Analogue Scale showed a statistically significant improvement for all treatment groups after 2 weeks, with continued improvement after a further 2 weeks. 3 Daytime drowsiness was the commonest side-effect in all treatment groups but there was a tendency for a lower incidence in patients on clobazam. There was no evidence of a dose-related incidence of drowsiness in the clobazam 20 mg and 30 mg groups. Other side effects were few and nonspecific. 4 Clobazam is a 1,5-benzodiazepine with an elimination half-life of 18 hours. When given in single doses of 20-30 mg at night it has an equivalent effect to dipotassium clorazepate 15 mg. PMID- 35194 TI - Clinical studies in patients with cardiac disorders [proceedings]. PMID- 35195 TI - Clinical study of clobazam in alcohol detoxification [proceedings]. PMID- 35193 TI - Clinical study of clobazam in patients with gastrointestinal disorders [proceedings]. PMID- 35196 TI - Clobazam: uncontrolled and standard controlled clinical trials. AB - 1 In an uncontrolled clinical trial, carried out in 11 psychiatric patients with the clinical diagnoses of anxiety neurosis and depressive neurosis, clobazam, a new benzodiazepine preparation, in the dosage range 10-60 mg daily produced statistically significant improvement in the total and both factor scores of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A). The lowest mean total HAM-A scores occurred with a mean clobazam dosage of 48 mg daily. 2 Results of the uncontrolled clinical trial were further substantiated in a standard-controlled clinical study in which no statistically significant difference between the therapeutic effectiveness of clobazam and diazepam could be revealed. The lowest mean total HAM-A scores occurred with a mean clobazam dosage of 49 mg daily. There was a lower incidence of adverse effects reported in patients receiving clobazam than in those taking the control drug (diazepam). PMID- 35197 TI - Review of clinical studies on clobazam. AB - 1 Clobazam was compared with placebo and diazepam in 45 double-blind studies. 2 Clobazam dosage ranged from 5 mg daily (paediatric patients) to 120 mg daily (psychiatric in-patients). Usual daily dosage in out-patient therapy ranged from 20-30 mg clobazam. 3 Treatment duration varied from a few days up to 3.5 years. The usual duration of treatment was 2-4 weeks. 4 Clobazam was shown to be an efficacious and well tolerated anxiolytic agent in various neurotic and psychosomatic disorders. 5 Dosages showing distinct anxiolytic effects in out patient therapy did not impair psychomotor performance. PMID- 35200 TI - Neuropharmacological profile of clobazam, a new 1',5'-benzodiazepine [proceedings]. PMID- 35199 TI - Clobazam: chemical aspects of the 1,4 and 1,5-benzodiazepines. AB - 1 The structures and chemistry of the 1,4- and 1,5-benzodiazepines are compared. These two groups of drugs differ in respect to basicity, lipophilicity and electronic charge distribution. 2 The 1,4-benzodiazepine diazepam has a weakly basic imine group in contrast to the acid methylene protons of clobazam. 3 The imine function of diazepam is more lipophilic than the carboxamide group of clobazam with its rather hydrophilic character. 4 Diazepam and clobazam differ in electronic charge distribution and hence in the location of the chemically reactive centres, the imine partial structure in diazepam and the malonic acid portion of clobazam. PMID- 35198 TI - Clobazam: pharmacological and therapeutic profile. AB - 1 Clobazam is a 1,5-benzodiazepine the pharmacological profile of which differs from that of the 1,4 benzodiazepines in that it displays a wide separation of psychosedative or 'tranquillizing' properties from impairment of motor coordination. This is associated with a relative lack of muscle relaxant activity. 2 In man it seems to be an effective anxiolytic agent when given in daily doses of 20-30 mg but produces minimal effects on psychomotor performance at these dose levels. 3 Clobazam has a long elimination half-life of about 18 h; the main metabolite is N-desmethylclobazam. Clobazam seems to share the good safety and tolerability characteristics of the 1,4 benzodiazepines. PMID- 35201 TI - In vitro studies on GABA release. AB - 1 Recent studies have demonstrated growing evidence for a primary action of the benzodiazepines on gabaminergic neurones which induces a facilitation of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated neurotransmission. As enhancement of GABA release has been suggested to account for their activation of GABA mechanisms, the effect of diazepam and clobazam, and of several other psychotropic drugs, on stimulated GABA release have been studied. 2 Using rat brain cortex slices saturated with [3H]-GABA, the electrically stimulated overflow of GABA is reduced in a concentration-dependent manner in the presence of both diazepam and clobazam. 3 The benzodiazepine-induced reduction in GABA overflow during electrical stimulation is antagonized by the GABA receptor blocker bicuculline, whereas bicuculline alone at 10(-6) M concentration does not change the overflow. 4 Among some other centrally active drugs tested, hexobarbitone and the 'second messenger; cyclic GMP also induce a significant but less marked reduction in GABA release. 5 A schematic model of a central gabaminergic synapse is proposed, which may explain the benzodiazepine effects on stimulated GABA release by suggesting an inhibitory feedback control of transmitter release mediated by presynaptic GABA receptors ('autoreceptors'). PMID- 35203 TI - Assay of clobazam in human serum by a radioreceptor technique. AB - 1 Clobazam has been assayed in human serum using a radioreceptor technique. 2 The assay is simple and sufficiently sensitive for detecting serum levels up to 48 h after oral administration of a usual clinical dose. It has the advantage of measuring the parent compound plus active metabolites. 3 Serum clearances and elimination half-lives have been determined for five subjects. PMID- 35202 TI - Toxicology of clobazam. AB - 1 Extensive toxicological investigations of clobazam are summarized. 2 LD50 values after oral administration ranged from 100 mg/kg in the dog to 6000 mg/kg in the rat. 3 Long-term repeated dose studies have shown withdrawal effects in the dog and monkey (notably convulsions leading to death), similar to those known to occur with other benzodiazepines. 4 It is concluded that the overall safety and tolerability of clobazam have been demonstrated in the preclinical animal studies. PMID- 35204 TI - Kinetics and metabolism of clobazam in animals and man. PMID- 35205 TI - Pharmacokinetics of single and multiple doses of clobazam in humans. AB - 1. The pharmacokinetics of clobazam and its biotransformation product N desmethylclobazam were investigated after single and multiple doses in normal subjects. 2. The relevant physicochemical properties of clobazam were measured and are presented. Different assay methods (radiochemical, fluorimetric and gas chromatographic) were applied and the results correlated. 3. After single doses the pharmacokinetic profile of clobazam includes time to peak levels 1--4 h after dosing, peak levels increasing linearly with the logarithm of dose, and terminal half-lives of about 18 hours. At least 87% of an oral dose is absorbed, as indicated by urinary recovery of labelled material. 4. In multiple-dose studies unchanged clobazam levelled off at minimum steady-state concentrations within one week of dosing. During 28 d of medication N-desmethylclobazam accumulated to near steady-state levels about eight times higher than those of the unchanged compound. 5. No pharmacokinetic interactions were discovered between clobazam and the antidepressant nomifensine. PMID- 35206 TI - Clobazam: anticonvulsant action in animal models of epilepsy [proceedings]. PMID- 35207 TI - Effects of benzodiazepines on psychomotor performance. AB - 1 The literature relating to the effects of benzodiazepines on psychomotor performance is critically reviewed. 2 The multiple and diverse psychomotor tests used are assessed according to their ability to demonstrate differences between drugs. 3 Three general conclusions are: (1) The speed with which simple acts of a repetitive nature are performed may be impaired by benzodiazepines. (2) learning and immediate memory will also be impaired. (3) there is relatively little indication that well established higher mental faculties are adversely involved. PMID- 35208 TI - Psychomotor changes during initial day of benzodiazepine medication. AB - 1 The detracting psychomotor effects of diazepam (5 mg three times daily) and clobazam (an investigational 1,5-benzodiazepine) were compared with placebo effects over the course of the initial day of medication. Tests were administered at hourly intervals and the data were analyzed from the standpoint of contrasts at each session and from the standpoint of trends that accrued during the course of the day. 2 It is concluded that among normal volunteers diazepam 5 mg three times daily may be near the threshold for detracting psychomotor consequences during the initial day and that clobazam seems to be without detracting consequences and may have some enhancing effects. PMID- 35209 TI - Pharmacology of anti-anxiety drugs with special reference to clobazam. AB - 1 In several studies clobazam exhibited a potency which ranges between that of chlordiazepoxide and diazepam. Its anxiolytic and anti-aggression effects are produced by doses usually ranging below those that cause disorders in motor activity. 2 This separation was demonstrable to an even greater degree with the desmethyl metabolite. The activity of the metabolite, however, was weaker than that of the original substance. 3 The advantage of clobazam compared with the 1.4 benzodiazepines lies mainly in the fact that motor activity is influenced only after very high doses, these doses being markedly above those required to induce tranquillizing and anti-agression activities. 4 Clobazam has no marked effect on the cardiovascular system, respiration of excretion. PMID- 35210 TI - Clobazam workshop, Killarney, Eire, April 1978: [proceedings]. PMID- 35211 TI - Some aspects of the effects of clobazam on human psychomotor performance. AB - 1 Three studies are described, the first being a comparison of the effects of acute night-time doses of clobazam 20 mg, amylobarbitone sodium 100 mg, nitrazepam 5 mg and placebo, on choice reaction time, critical flicker fusion (CFF) and stabilometer performance. Clobazam improved early morning performance on a choice reaction test, in contrast to the other two active drugs. 2 Repeated doses of clobazam 10 mg three times daily, chlordiazepoxide 10 mg three times daily and diazepam 5 mg three times daily were given for 5 days. Again clobazam did not produce any impairment of psychomotor performance, and noticeably increased CFF thresholds. 3 The effects of an acute night-time dose of clobazam 20 mg on psychomotor performance the morning after night-time medication were correlated with the neuroticism scores (on the EPI) of the subjects. Clobazam exerts a differential effect on psychomotor performance dependent on the basic personality trait. 4 Clobazam seems to differ significantly from the 1,4 benzodiazepines in that, although it reduces anxiety, it does so without any apparent impairment of psychomotor performance. PMID- 35212 TI - Differential effects of the 1,4 and 1,5 benzodiazepines on performance in healthy man. AB - 1 The immediate and residual effects on performance of benzodiazepines differ, and the differences are important in the use of these drugs. 2. Diazepam and its hydroxylated metabolites, temazepam and oxazepam, each possess hypnotic activity, and have effects on performance limited to the sleep period. The demethylated metabolite of diazepam, nordiazepam, and its precursor, potassium clorazepate, which also possess hypnotic activity, have a longer duration of action, although the next day anxiolytic effect is accompanied by only minimal effects on performance. The 1.5 benzodiazepine, clobazam, seems to have minimal immediate effects on performance. 3 Diazepam and its hydroxylated metabolites, temazepam and oxazepam, would be useful in the management of insomnia without psychopathology in those cases in which residual effects on performance must be avoided. Nordiazepam and potassium clorazepate would be appropriate for insomnia secondary to day-time anxiety, and clobazam may be useful as a day-time anxiolytic. 4 It is emphasized that more work needs to be carried out on the effects of anxiolytics on performance before one can be certain that ingestion during the day would be without any deleterious effects on skilled work. PMID- 35213 TI - Studies of clobazam and car-driving. AB - 1 The methodology used in studies to assess the effects of drugs on car-driving performance is reviewed. 2 Clobazam 20 mg, diazepam 10 mg or placebo were administered daily for 3 d to 24-male students with a high neuroticism score (on the Cattell Personality Factors Questionnaire). 3 Car driving performance was assessed on the second day in real traffic conditions; tests of attention and concentration and subjective assessments were made on the third day. 4 Diazepam 10 mg significantly impaired braking reaction time in comparison with clobazam 20 mg and placebo (P less than 0.01). Subjects also reported feeling more 'depressed' and lethargic after diazepam. PMID- 35214 TI - Kinetic and dynamic interaction of clobazam and alcohol. PMID- 35215 TI - Anxiety reduction and sedation: psychophysiological theory. PMID- 35217 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at a one-day scientific meeting of the British Society for Haematology held in London, 17 November 1978. PMID- 35216 TI - Progress in the prevention of chest disease: a one-day conference in memory of Horace Joules. PMID- 35218 TI - Electrostatic effects in hemoglobin: Bohr effect and ionic strength dependence of individual groups. AB - The electrostatic treatment applied in the preceding paper in this issue [Matthew, J. B., Hanania, G.I.H., & Gurd, F.R.N. (1979) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)] to the titration behavior of individual groups in human deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin was applied to the computation of the alkaline Bohr effect at various values of ionic strength. The enhanced proton binding of deoxyhemoglobin in the pH range of 6--9 was accounted for at ionic strength 0.01 M by the effects of the unique charge distributions of ionizable groups in the two quaternary states. At ionic strength 0.10 M the effects of 2--4 bound anions had to be considered in addition in the deoxyhemoglobin charge configuration. At the higher ionic strength 10 groups per tetramer contributed to the Bohr effect, whereas 28 groups were contributory at the lower ionic strength. The ionic strength dependence of individual groups in the two tetrameric structures as well as in the alpha-chain monomer was explained in terms of the electrostatic treatment. This examination showed that the differences in electrostatic behavior of deoxy- and oxyhemoglobin follow from particular dissymmetries in their configurations with respect to charge and static solvent accessibility. PMID- 35219 TI - s-Cis and s-trans isomerism of the His-Pro peptide bond in angiotensin and thyroliberin analogues. AB - The dipeptide His-Pro isomerizes from all-s-trans to partly s-cis when titrated in D2O from acidic to neutral pD as observed by 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance of the proline side chain. This isomerization is reported by the His C 2 and C-4 protons and carbons which show distinct, well-resolved resonances for each isomer. The influence of the His-Pro peptide bond rotational state on the histidine protons far removed from the bond has not been previously observed in model compounds or peptides. The peptides thyroliberin (TRH), [3-MeHis2]-TRH, and [3-MeHis6]-, [Sar1,Al8]-, and Nalpha-acetylangiotensin II were found to similarly isomerize from all-s-trans to partly s-cis as reported by their His C-2 and C-4 proton resonances. The His C-2 and C-4 protons in the peptides [1,3-diMeHis2]-TRH and [1-MeHis6]-, and [homoHis6]-angiotensin do not report this isomerization. Angiotensin II has previously been found to exhibit the same isomerization. The reporting of the s-trans to s-cis isomerization by the His C-2 proton appears to be correlated with the known potencies of the five angiotensin peptides in rat uterine strips and of the three TRH peptides by radioimmunoassay of released thyrotropin. PMID- 35220 TI - pH dependence of solvent proton relaxation in carbonic anhydrase solutions: paramagnetic and diamagnetic effects. PMID- 35221 TI - Relaxation studies of enzymes: concentration and pH dependence of isomerization phenomena. AB - Equations have been developed for the relaxation times for a variety of mechanisms involving enzyme isomerization coupled to proton transfers. The concentration and pH dependences of the relaxation time have been calculated and graphed for a number of representative mechanisms. We find that for most of the mechanisms examined, the relaxation time is not only pH but also strongly concentration dependent. The concentration dependence results from finite perturbations of the hydrogen ion concentration. For the systems tested, the relaxation time shows a clear concentration dependence at enzyme concentrations below 200 microM. PMID- 35222 TI - Relaxation studies of enzymes: rapid isomerization in deoxyribonuclease I. AB - Temperature-jump relaxation studies in deoxy-ribonuclease I were carried out at 10 degrees C and [I] = 0.1 M. The single observed relaxation time, which varied from 10(-4) to 10(-5) s, was characterized as a function of enzyme concentration, pH, and indicator concentration. The concentration and pH dependences of the relaxation time are in quantitative agreement with a mechanism involving an isomerization of the enzyme coupled to a rapid proton ionization process. The best fit forward and reverse isomerization rate constants are 6.5 X 10(3) and 7.2 X 10(4) s-1, respectively; the apparent pK is 5.7. The addition of urea brought about reductions in both the amplitude of the relaxation effect and the enzyme activity. PMID- 35223 TI - Conformational transitions and vibronic couplings in acid ferricytochrome c: a resonance Raman study. AB - Resonance Raman spectral changes in ferricytochrome c as a function of pH between 6.7 and 1.0 are reported and the structural implication is discussed in terms of the "core-expansion" model advanced by L. D. Spaulding et al. [(1975) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 97, 2517]. The data are interpreted as indicating the iron in high spin ferricytochrome c (at pH 2.0) with two water molecules as axial ligands lies in the plane of the porphyrin ring. At pH 1.0 there is a different high-spin form of cytochrome c which has an estimated iron out-of-plane distance of approximately 0.46 A. The effect of a monovalent anion at pH 2.0 is to produce a thermal spin mixture with predominant low-spin species. Excitation at approximately 620 nm in acid cytochrome c (pH 2.0) enhances only three depolarized ring vibrations at 1623, 1555, and 764 cm-1. Marked enhancement of depolarized modes relative to polarized and anomalously polarized modes is attributed to the vibronic coupling between porphyrin pi leads to pi and porphyrin pi leads to iron (dpi) charge-transfer states. PMID- 35225 TI - Specificity of guinea pig liver transglutaminase for amine substrates. AB - The amine specificity of guinea pig liver transglutaminase, a model enzyme for endo-gamma-glutamine:epsilon-lysin transferases, was explored with the aid of synthetic substrates of high apparent affinities. As exemplified by dansyl- (5 dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl), (2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl)-, and (2,4,6 triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl)-cadaverines--each of which showed affinities of approximately 4 x 10(7) M-1--the best amine substrates carried a large hydrophobic substituent attached to an alkylamine side chain of about 7.2 A in length. Altogether, our results point to the importance of a hydrophobic binding region in the enzyme from where the alkyl side chain reaches into a narrow crevice toward the active center and positions the primary amine of the substrate for attacking the carbonyl group of the acyl enzyme intermediate. PMID- 35226 TI - Bacteriorhodopsin and the purple membrane of halobacteria. PMID- 35224 TI - Conformation of the neurotoxin crotoxin complex and its subunits. PMID- 35227 TI - Energy conversion in the functional membrane of photosynthesis. Analysis by light pulse and electric pulse methods. The central role of the electric field. PMID- 35228 TI - A channel mechanism for electrogenic ion pumps. AB - A model of active ion transport is analyzed in which an essential part of the pumps molecule is an ion channel. Ion translocation in the channel is described as a series of jumps between binding sites which are separated by energy barriers. Pumping action results from a transient energy-dependent modification of the barrier structure of the channel and requires only minor conformational changes of the pump molecule. This model is applied to the light-driven proton pump of Halobacterium and to redox-coupled proton pumps in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Similar considerations may be used to describe ATP-dependent ion transport. PMID- 35229 TI - Roles of Na+ and Ca2+ in the inhibition by low pH of the hydrosmotic response to serosal hypertonicity in toad bladder. PMID- 35230 TI - Coordination of Gly-Tyr . Pd(II) complex to ATP and ADP nucleotides. AB - The coordination of the glycyl-L-tyrosinate . Pd(II) complex to adenosine 5' diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine 5' -triphosphate (ATP) has been studied using 13C, 1H NMR and electronic spectral methods. Two dominant species have been found in solution, a monomeric ternary complex with Gly-Tyr . Pd(II) bound to the N-1 purine nitrogen and a dimer in which two dipeptide . Pd(II) complex molecules are coordinated to the nucleotide by N-1 and N-7 nitrogens. Monomeric ternary complexes having metal coordination to N-7 were not detected. The influence of the aromatic ring of tyrosine upon the chemical shifts for the bonded nucleotide molecule suggest that the plane of the purine ring and of the Gly-Tyr . Pd(II) complex are almost perpendicular to each other. PMID- 35231 TI - The enzymatic preparation of [alpha-(32)P]nucleoside triphosphates, cyclic [32P] AMP, and cyclic [32P] GMP. AB - A method has been developed for the enzymatic preparation of alpha-(32)P-labeled ribo- and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, cyclic [(32)P]AMP, and cyclic [(32)P]GMP of high specific radioactivity and in high yield from (32)Pi. The method also enables the preparation of [gamma-(32)P]ATP, [gamma-(32)P]GTP, [gamma (32)P]ITP, and [gamma-(32)P]-dATP of very high specific activity and in high yield. The preparation of the various [alpha-(32)P]nucleoside triphosphates relies on the phosphorylation of the respective 3'-nucleoside monophosphates with [gamma-(32)P]ATP by polynucleotide kinase and a subsequent nuclease reaction to form [5'-(32)P]nucleoside monophosphates. The [5'-(32)P]nucleoside monophosphates are then converted enzymatically to the respective triphosphates. All of the reactions leading to the formation of [alpha-(32)P]nucleoside triphosphates are carried out in the same reaction vessel, without intermediate purification steps, by the use of sequential reactions with the respective enzymes. Cyclic [(32)P]AMP and cyclic [(32)P]GMP are also prepared enzymatically from [alpha-(32)P]ATP or [alpha-(32)P]GTP by partially purified preparations of adenylate or guanylate cyclases. With the exception of the cyclases, all enzymes used are commerically available. The specific activity of (32)P-labeled ATP made by this method ranged from 200 to 1000 Ci/mmol for [alpha-(32)P]ATP and from 5800 to 6500 Ci/mmol for [gamma-(32)P]ATP. Minor modifications of the method should permit higher specific activities, especially for the [alpha-(32)P]nucleoside triphosphates. Methods for the use of the [alpha-(32)P]nucleoside phosphates are described for the study of adenylate and guanylate cyclases, cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase, cyclic nucleotide binding proteins, and as precursors for the synthesis of other (32)P-labeled compounds of biological interest. Moreover, the [alpha (32)P]nucleoside triphosphates prepared by this method should be very useful in studies on nucleic acid structure and metabolism and the [gamma-(32)P]nucleoside triphosphates should be useful in the study of phosphate transfer systems. PMID- 35232 TI - DNA-protein crosslinking by trans-platinum(II)diamminedichloride in mammalian cells, a new method of analysis. AB - DNA-protien crosslinks produced in mouse leukemia L1210 cells by trans Pt(II)diamminedichloride were quantitated using the technique of DNA alkaline elution. DNA single-strand segments that were or were not linked to protein were separable into distinct components by alkaline elution after exposure of the cells to 2--15 kR of X-ray. Protein-linked DNA strands were separated on the basis of their retention of filters at pH 12 while free DNA strands of the size generated by 2--15 kR of X-ray passed rapidly through the filters. The retention of protein-linked DNA strands was attributable to adsorption of protein to the filter under the conditions of alkaline elution. The results obeyed a simple quantitative model according to which the frequency of DNA-protein crosslinks could be calculated. PMID- 35233 TI - NADH- and NADPH-dependent desaturation of linoleic acid in the extracted microsomal fraction of rat liver, and related effects of catalase and hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 35234 TI - Phospholipase A2 in rat-lung microsomes: substrate specificity towards endogenous phosphatidylcholines. PMID- 35235 TI - Effect of substrate properties on the activity of lysosomal cholesteryl ester hydrolase. AB - The effects of the substrate properties on the catalytic activity of lysosomal cholesteryl ester hydrolase from rat liver have been examined with three standard substrate types: vesicle, micelle and emulsion. The pH optimum of the enzyme coincided to 4.5--5.0 with the substrate types employed. The apparent Km values were 15.3, 14.3 and 7.3 microM for vesicle, micelle and emulsion substrates, respectively. In the systems used in this study reaction products, cholesterol and oleic acid, and the nonionic surfactant Tween 80 and Triton X-100 Had an inhibitory effect. The emulsifier phosphatidylcholine and the charged phospholipid phosphatidic acid stimulated the activity. The mixed micelle of sodium taurocholate and phosphatidylcholine was the most potent substrate vehicle. With dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles the enzyme showed maximal activity at the gel-liquid-crystalline transition temperature of the phospholipid. The possible physiological significance of the lysosomal cholesteryl ester hydrolase is discussed with special reference to the form of the substrate. PMID- 35236 TI - Inactive 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in broken cell preparations of various mammalian tissues and cell cultures. AB - Preincubation of broken cell preparations from a variety of tissues and cell cultures resulted in an apparent increase in the level of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-CoA reductase activity. However, apparent activation of the reductase in mouse liver, hepatomas and primary liver cell cultures was attributed largely to the loss, during the preincubation period, of an interfering enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase. Among non hepatic cells and tissues (which did not contain appreciable lyase activity) the proportion of latent reductase was high in sonicates of fetal brain and in L cells and was independent of the level of total enzyme activity present. Activation of the reductase was blocked by hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA and NADPH as well as by KF so that activation did not occur under the conditions of the enzyme assay. The enzyme was activated slowly at 4 degrees C, so that partial activation of the latent form occurred during isolation of the microsomal fraction by differential centrifugation. The reductase present in sonicates of cells with either a high or low proportion of the latent enzyme was inactivated by incubation with ATP and Mg2+. Suppression of reductase activity in L cell cultures by treatment with 25 hydroxycholesterol and an age-related decline in brain enzyme activity did not involve reversible conversion of the reductase to an inactive form. PMID- 35237 TI - The interference of plasmic degradation products of human crosslinked fibrin with clot formation. AB - The role of plasmic degradation products of human crosslinked fibrin on polymerization of fibrin monomer and clot formation was studied. Both reactions were inhibited by Fragment DD, which formed a complex with fibrin monomer in a molar ratio 1 : 1. The rate of polymerization was slightly increased by Fragment E but it was not affected by (DD)E complex and Fragment A. Approximately the same amount of fibrin was formed in the presence and absence of Fragments A, E and the complex. It was concluded that of the degradation products of crosslinked fibrin, only Fragment DD is a potent anticoagulant at physiologic pH. The (DD)E complex is inert and Fragments A and E have only marginal effects. PMID- 35240 TI - Conformational features of bradykinin. A circular dichroism study of some peptide fragments and structural analogues of bradykinin. AB - The vasoactive hormone bradykinin, its N-and C-terminal fragments and some structural analogues were studied by Circular Dichroism. Conformational features of the peptide can be detected by comparative analysis of the various CD spectra recorded as a function of aqueous pH, solvent and temperature. It is shown that the two biologically essential arginine residues (Arg1 and Arg9) are important for the specific folded bradykinin conformation. Differences between bradykinin, its fragments and analogues become clearly established in conformational terms, and are discussed in relation to the biological activity of these peptides. PMID- 35238 TI - [Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on biological membranes]. AB - Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on yeast cells resulting in the cellular proteins release from the cells was examined. The influence of pH, ionic strength, the agent concentration and the cells lipids content on the proteins extraction degree was studied. It is assumed that the proteins release is due to the plasma membrane solubilization under the surfactant treatment. It is established that the mechanism of the monimer--membrane interaction and that of the micelle--membrane interaction are likely to be different. It is shown that micelle-like surfactant--protein complexes can solubilize the membrane as well as the SDS micellies. It is found an increase of the ionic strength decreases the efficiency of the SDS action probably due to an increase of the micelle volume. It is assumed that the efficiency of the SDS action on the cell is limited particularly by the ratio of cell wall pere size to the size of micelles formed by the agent in the solution. It is shown also that removal of the largest portion of the lipids from the yeast cell favours an increase in the efficiency of the SDS extractive action at the agent concentrations larger than the critical micelle concentration value probably due to the corresponding decrease of the amount of the cellular components which must be solubilized by the surfactant micelles. PMID- 35239 TI - [Glucose induced transport of H+, K+ and lactate in the cells of Acholeplasma laidlawii]. AB - Currents of H+ and K+ ions initiated under the effect of facultative anaerobe of A. laidlawii, valinomycin, nigericin and carbonyl cyanide chloride phenylhydrasone on the membrane are recorded by means of the system of cation sensitive electrodes. It is stated that during glucose transport a redistribution of H+ and K+ and lactate between the cellular content and the medium takes place. Preincubation of cells with 3-o-methyl-D-glucose essentially decreases the effect of induced ion transport. It is concluded that ion transport observed in the experiments with glucose is related not to glucose transport through the cell membrane but to the release of its metabolic products from the cells. PMID- 35241 TI - [Role of proton motive force in the infection of E. coli K-12 cells by bacteriophage T4]. AB - It was shown that infection of E. coli cells by phage T4 is suppressed, when the cells are treated by oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers. The inhibiting effects of the uncouplers manifest themselves at the stage of phage DNA entry into the cells. Study of the E. coli cells devoid of their H+-ATPase activity due to mutation showed that the infection is suppressed by a switch-off of the respiratory chain, the only generator of the proton motive force (PMF) in mutated cells. Infection of the E. coli cells containing intact H+-ATPase occured even in the case when the respiratory chain activity was inhibited. The kinetic studies showed that generation of PMF is necessary during phage DNA transport into the cells and is indispensable for phage DNA entry into bacterial cells. PMID- 35242 TI - [Peroxidase activity of hemoglobin, modified at the carboxylic groups of heme and amino acids]. AB - The effects of modification of heme carboxylic groups by omega-aminoenantic acid and L-phenylalamine on the peroxidase activity of hemoglobin were studied. For this purpose the peroxidase activities of the original compounds--hemin, hemin aminoenantic acid, hemin-phenylalanine and hemoglobins prepared from the hemin and globin compounds--hemoglobin, aminoenantyl-hemoglobin and phenylalanine hemoglobin--were determined. The dependence of the peroxidase activity of these compounds on their concentrations and pH was analyzed. It was shown that 40--50% modification of the heme carboxylic groups by amino acids decreases the peroxidase activity of the modified hemins and that of modified hemoglobins reconstructed from these hemins and globin. A decrease of the catalytic activity of the hemoglobin derivatives is due to a lower peroxidase activity (as compared to hemin) of the modified hemins. It is thus concluded that the amino acid modification of the carboxylic groups of heme does not affect the heme-protein interactions in the hemoglobin molecule. PMID- 35243 TI - [Dependence of pepsin conformational states on pH and temperature]. AB - A conformational behaviour of pepsin depending on pH and temperature was studied by circular dichroism, differential UV-spectroscopy, calorimetry and enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics. A subtile conformational transition of the enzyme accompanied by changes in the physico-chemical and enzymatic properties of the protein was observed within the temperature interval of 15--40 degrees and within the pH range of 1,1--5,6. The range of pepsin heat denaturation was studied. A diagram of pepsin conformational states under different values of pH and temperature was built. PMID- 35244 TI - [Soluble high molecular weight derivatives of pancreatic inhibitors. Kinetic thermodynamic studies of inhibitors linked to differently charged matrices]. AB - The effects of electrostatic charge of the matrix on the pH-dependence of interactions of commercial trypsin with preparations of pancreatic inhibitor modified by soluble polysaccharide coupling were studied. It was shown that the rate constants of trypsin association with native and modified pancreatic inhibitor preparations as well as the rate constants of dissociation of their complexes and, consequently, the inhibition constants are identical. The invariability of the rate constants for the association reaction after the increase in the molecular weight of pancreatic inhibitor may be probably accounted for by the fact that the limiting step of a stable trypsin-inhibitor complex formation is not controlled by diffusion. Thermal denaturation of pancreatic inhibitor preparations modified by binding to polysaccharides (pH 4.7- 8.0, 97 degrees C) suggests an essential role of the negative charge of matrix in stabilization of the protein inhibitor globule. PMID- 35245 TI - [Intermediate products of the RNA-ligase reaction]. AB - The first and the third steps of the RNA-ligase reaction were studied. It was shown that the first step of the reaction consists in a formation of an enzyme adenylate complex. The optimal conditions for this formation were established. Effects of acids, alkali, hydroxylamine and snake venom phosphodiesterase on the complex suggest that the linkage between the protein and adenylic acid may be of a phosphoester or phosphoamide type. Using synthetic adenylic acid pyrophosphates and mononucleotides (oligonucleotides) the RNA-ligase reaction was shown to involve intermediate pyrophosphates. It was found that the simplest pyrophosphates capable to bind to oligonucleotides in the absence of ATP are adenylic acid pyrophosphates, both of ribo- and deoxyribomononucleotides. The RNA ligase reaction may be used for elongation of oligonucleotides by one definite mononucleotide or for incorporation of the label into the 3'-end of the polynucleotide chain. PMID- 35246 TI - [Isolation, purification and study of the stability of the soluble hydrogenase of Alcaligenes eutrophus Z-1]. AB - Soluble hydrogenase was isolated from the hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus Z-1 and purified to electrophoretical homogeneity. The purification procedure included fractionation by ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gelfiltration through Ultragel AcA-34. The resulting preparation had a specific activity of 25 mkmoles H2.min-1.mg of protein as measured by the rate of hydrogen evolution from sodium dithionite reduced methyl viologen. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 200,000 and is made up of two subunits with mol. weights of 30,000 and two subunits with mol. weights of 65,000. The effects of pH, oxidants and reducers, as well as aerobic and anaerobic conditions on the hydrogenase preparations inactivation kinetics in intact cells and in a highly purified state were studied. The kinetic data suggest a possible existence of two enzyme forms differing in their activities and stabilities to denaturating influences. PMID- 35247 TI - [Comparative study of hydrolysis of methyl esters of N-arylsulfonyl-valyl arginine by thrombin and trypsin]. AB - The esterase action of thrombin and trypsin on N-arylsulfonyl-valyl-arginine methyl esters was studied. The values of Km and kcat under steady-state conditions at pH 8,5 were determined. It was shown that the nature of the arylsulfonyl group does not affect the kinetic parameters of the reactions under study. The Michaelis constants of the thrombin-catalyzed reactions appeared to be one order of magnitude lower than the Km values of the corresponding TAME analogs. PMID- 35248 TI - [Detection of endonuclease activity and several features of chromatin autolysis in brain cell nuclei]. AB - The presence of Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent endonuclease activity in isolated brain cell nuclei was demonstrated and a comparison of some peculiarities of chromatin autolysis in rat brain and liver cell nuclei was carried out. Endogenous brain nuclease hydrolyzes chromatin into its structural subunits; its specific activity is 10,5 times as low as compared to the endogenous nuclease activity in rat liver nuclei. The dependency of the chromatin autolysis rate on pH and ionic composition of the incubation medium in isolated rate brain and liver nuclei appeared to be the same. The presence of Mn2+ changed the autolysis nature both in brain and in liver cell nuclei, the relative (as compared to Mg2+-dependent) Mn2+-dependent activity being higher in the brain cell nuclei. Possible differences of brain and liver chromatin structure (e. g. the presence of regions free of nucleosomic organization in brain chromatin) are assumed. PMID- 35249 TI - [Cytochrome P-450 catalyzed oxidation of 1-piperidinoanthraquinone]. AB - Oxidation of 1-piperidinoantraquinone (1-PA) in microsomal fractions of rat liver was studied. The only product of complete oxidation of 1-PA--(N-antraquinone-1) delta-aminovaleric acid-was identified using paper and thin-layer chromatography. The participation of cytochrome P-450 in oxidation of 1-PA was demonstrated by sharp inhibition, involving blowing of the microsomes with CO and treatment with sodium deoxycholate. Studies of differential spectra of cytochrome P-450 in the presence of 1-PA are indicative of the first type of binding between 1-PA and cytochrome P-450. The binding constants (Ks) and the kinetic parameters (Km and V) for the above substrate in control microsomes and in those induced by phenobarbital and 3-methyl cholanthrene were determined. The results obtained suggest that cytochrome P-450 is involved in oxidation of a number of heterocyclic compounds resulting in the opening of the ring. PMID- 35250 TI - [Ribonuclease of Bacillus intermedius 7 P. Purification by chromatography on phosphocellulose and several characteristics of the homogeneous enzyme]. AB - A new procedure for isolation of homogenous ribonuclease of Bac. intermedius from a commercial source is described. The yields of 140 mg of RNAse from 200 g of the enzymic powder were attained. The amino acid composition of the enzyme was determined. The RNAse contains neither the sulfhydryl groups nor the disulfide bonds and has only one histidine residue. At the same time the amount of aromatic amino acid residues is relatively high. The enzyme is highly resistant to heat and acid treatment but is less stable in an alkaline solution. The pH optimum of the RNAse for the RNA digestion is 8,5; the temperature optimum for this reaction is 37 degrees. A spectrophotometric method for the RNAse activity assay using polyA as a specific substrate was developed. The purified product provides a suitable starting material for structural studies. PMID- 35251 TI - [Effect of intersubunit interaction in horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase on the kinetics of ethanol oxidation]. AB - The kinetics of enzymatic oxidation of ethanol in the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase within a wide range of ethanol and NAD concentrations (pH 6.0- 11.5) were studied. It was shown that high concentrations of ethanol (greater than 0.7--5 mM, depending on pH) and NAD (greater than 0.4--0.8 mM) activate alcohol dehydrogenase from horse liver within the pH range of 6.0--7.9. A mechanism of activation based on negative cooperativity of ADH subunits for binding of ethanol and NAD was proposed. The catalytic and Michaelis constants for alcohol dehydrogenase were calculated from ethanol and NAD at all pH values studied. The changes resulting from the subunit cooperativity were revealed. The nature of ionogenic groups of alcohol dehydrogenase, which affect the formation of complexes between the enzyme and NAD and ethanol, and the rate constants for catalytic oxidation of ethanol was assumed. The biological significance of the enzyme capacity for activation by high concentrations of ethanol within the physiological range of pH in the blood under excessive use of alcohol is discussed. PMID- 35252 TI - [Isolation and properties of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase from the fungus Hohenbuechelia serotina]. AB - N-Acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52) isolated from the fruit bodies of Hohenbuechelia serotina (Fr.) splits N-acyl-p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucosaminides acylated at the amino group of the aminosugar by fatty acids, substituted benzoic acids and some amino acids and peptides. The enzyme was purified about 210-fold by chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50 and DEAE--Sephadex A-50 and by gel filtration of Sephadex G-200 with a yield of 4%. The enzyme had pI 6,6. Some properties of the enzyme, pH-optimum, thermal stability and substrate specificity were studied. The Michaelis constants for some p-nitrophenyl-beta-D glucosaminides were were calculated. p-Nitrophenyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminides were calculated. p-Nitrophenyl N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide and D galactosaminide at concentrations more than 0,3 mM inhibited the enzyme. PMID- 35253 TI - Imaginal response events in systematic desensitization: a pilot study. AB - The primary focus of systematic desensitization (SD) is physiological responsivity in the presence of a conditioned aversive stimulus. However, SD also effects changes in motorapproach behavior and self-report. This study explores the possibility that SD directly affects the motor response system by way of conditioning covert approach responses in the presence of the imaginal aversive stimulus. Two independent variables were investigated: the content of instructions and actual covert motor responses during SD. Twenty-four subjects were classified as high- or low-responders on the basis of electromyographic responsiveness to instructions to imagine movement. Half the high- and half the low-responders were given a series of instructions to imagine-motor-approach behavior toward snakes. The remaining subjects received instructions to imagine only the snakes themselves with no reference to motor response. Imaginal scenes of 30-sec duration were alternated with relaxation periods of the same length. A significant difference was found between the posttreatment scores of high- and low-responders on performance measures, the high-responders performing better. The difference between the two instruction groups was not statistically significant. Self-report data suggested some subjects given instructions to imagine only snakes actually imagined themselves approaching snakes. Therefore, data were re-analyzed after instruction groups were reconstructed accordingly. A statistically significant difference was found on both factors. Continued investigation may further support imagery as covert behavior, open to empirical study. PMID- 35254 TI - Hydrophobic interactions of DNA with long-chain amines. PMID- 35256 TI - Immobilization of microbial cells containing NAD-kinase. AB - Microbial cells having NAD-kinase activity, Brevibacterium ammoniagenes, were immobilized by the radiation-copolymerization method under low temperature with the activity recovery of more than 80%. Compared to the native microbial cells the immobilized cells were more stable against heat and pH change. The immobilized cells were subjected to the 5 hr reaction repeatedly 20 times without any activity loss. PMID- 35257 TI - Immobilization and characterization of D-amino acid oxidase. AB - Optimal conditions with respect to pH, concentration of glutaraldehyde and enzyme, and order of addition of enzyme and crosslinking reagent were established for the immobilization of hog kidney D-amino acid oxidase to an attapulgite support. Yields of 40 to 70% were generally attained although when low concentrations of enzyme were used yields were consistently greater than 100%. It is suggested that this is due to a dimer leads to monomer shift at low protein concentrations. The stability of soluble D-amino acid oxidase was dependent on the buffer in which it was stored (pyrophosphate-phosphate greater than borate greater than Tris). Stability of immobilized enzyme was less than soluble in pyrophosphate-phosphate buffer, but storage in the presence of FAD improved stability. In addition, treatment of stored, immobilized enzyme with FAD before assay restored some of its activity. The immobilized D-amino acid oxidase was less stable to heat (50 degrees C) than the soluble enzyme from pH 6 to 8 but was more stable above and below these values. Apparent Km values for D-alanine, D valine, and D-tryptophan decreased for the immobilized enzyme compared to the soluble. PMID- 35255 TI - Continuous production of NADP by immobilized Brevibacterium ammoniagenes cells. AB - Whole cells of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes IAM 1645 having the polyphosphate NAD kinase were successfully immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel lattice. The immobilized cells were activated by treatment with organic solvents or detergents. The pH optimum of the immobilized cells for the production of NADP was 7.0, and divalent metal ions were required to maintain the elevated activity of polyphosphate NAD-kinase. Highly pure NADP was continuously produced in high yield by the immobilized cell column. The half-life of this column was about eight days. PMID- 35258 TI - [Changes in postsynaptic excitation processes in the presence of phenazepam]. AB - The new psychotropic drug phenazepam inhibits the impulse activity of the neurons which compose visceral ganglia of the garden snail (Helix aspersa) and suppresses stimulating postsynaptic potentials arising in application of acetylcholine to the membrane of isolated neurons. The electrostimulating membrane parameters are not generally changed. Postsynaptic depression of the stimulation of the cholinoreceptive membrane is suggested to be one of the possible mechanisms of the pharmacological action of the drug. PMID- 35259 TI - Salicylate blockade of granulocyte adherence and the inflammatory response to experimental peritonitis. AB - Aspirin profoundly inhibited the in vitro augmentation of human and mouse granulocyte adherence to nylon fiber induced by the bacterial products Escherichia coli endotoxin and Staphylococcus aureus culture filtrate. Granulocytes obtained from normal volunteers during the 48 hr following ingestion of aspirin did not respond normally to endotoxin stimulation. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with sodium salicylate prior to intraperitoneal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae impaired granulocyte exudation and resulted in uncontrolled bacteremia and greater lethality of infection. PMID- 35260 TI - Determination of sulphites and borates in imported frozen prawns, frozen shrimps and salted jelly fish. PMID- 35262 TI - The causes of alcoholism. PMID- 35261 TI - The treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 35263 TI - Sensitivity of mouse vas deferens to neurotransmitters: changes after morphine treatment. AB - 1. The pharmacological responses of the isolated vas deferens of the mouse were investigated after acute and chronic treatment with morphine. 2. The addition of morphine to the bath did not alter the responses of the vas deferens to exogenous noradrenaline, adrenaline or dopamine. 3. Low doses of morphine depressed the responses to acetylcholine. Very high concentrations of the opioid (8.5 x 10(-4) M) completely abolished, in about 50% of the preparations, the responses to exogenous acetylcholine, while in the other 50% a potentiation of the responses to low concentrations of acetylcholine was observed. 4. The vas deferens of mice chronically treated with morphine showed increased sensitivity to exogenous noradrenaline, but decreased sensitivity to acetylcholine. 5. A fresh amount of morphine added to the bath enhanced the responses of morphine-tolerant preparations to noradrenaline but not to dopamine or acetylcholine. The specificity of this phenomenon was demonstrated by the use of pentobarbitone instead of the opioid. 6. These results are in agreement with the theory that tolerance could result from a form of disuse supersensitivity. PMID- 35264 TI - Proceedings of The British Institute of Radiology. Benign bone disease--role of radioisotope techniques. Abstracts. PMID- 35265 TI - Benzodiazepine pharmacokinetics. PMID- 35266 TI - Two patients with schizophrenic-like psychosis after treatment with beta adrenergic blockers. PMID- 35267 TI - Minor tranquillisers and road accidents. AB - In a prospective study of 43,117 people, prescriptions issued by general practitioners over two years were linked with records of hospital admissions and deaths. For 57 people injured or killed while driving cars, motorcycles, or bicycles the medicines that had been dispensed in the three months before were compared with those dispensed for 1,425 matched controls. There was a highly significant association between use of minor tranquillisers and the risk of a serious road accident (relative risk estimate 4.9). the increased risk of accidents to drivers given tranquillisers could be due to the known psychomotor effects of these drugs or to effects of the conditions being treated. Whatever the reason, patients taking drugs such as diazepam should be warned that they are at special risk. PMID- 35268 TI - "Trench foot" caused by the cold. PMID- 35269 TI - Radioligand binding studies on hypothalamic noradrenergic receptors during the estrous cycle or after steroid injection in ovariectomized rats. PMID- 35271 TI - Growth temperature-dependent stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase activity of Fusarium oxysporum microsomes. AB - The characteristics of the microsomal stearoyl CoA desaturase (EC 1.14.99.5) of vegetative Fusarium oxysporum cells grown at different temperatures were studied. The enzyme had an unusual preference for NADPH (Km = 38 micrometers) over NADH (Km = 89 micrometers) as electron donor, and a relatively high optimum pH of 8.3. Enzyme activity was highest in microsomes from cells grown at 37 degrees C and lowest in cells grown at 15 degrees C. This result correlated well with the observed changes in oleic acid content of the microsomal lipids. Both NADPH linked reductase activities and hemoprotein content were lowest in cells grown at 37 degrees C. Spectrophotometric analysis of the microsomal hemoproteins indicated the absence of cytochrome b5 and the presence of a b-type heme with a pyridine hemochrome alpha band absorption maximum at 565 nm. Labile sulfide analysis and inhibitor studies with thenoyltrifluoroacetone suggested a role for an iron-sulfur protein in the electron transfer system associated with the desaturase. PMID- 35272 TI - Horseradish peroxidase. XXXII. pH dependence of the oxidation of L-(-)-tyrosine by compound I. AB - The rate of oxidation of L-(-)-tyrosine by horseradish peroxidase compound 1 has been studied as a function of pH at 25 degrees C and ionic strength 0.11. Over the pH range of 3.20--11.23 major effects of three ionizations were observed. The pKa values of the phenolic (pKa = 10.10) and amino (pKa = 9.21) dissociations of tyrosine and a single enzyme ionization (pKa = 5.42) were determined from nonlinear least squares analysis of the log rate versus pH profile. It was noted that the less acidic form of the enzyme was most reactive; hence, the reaction is described as base catalyzed. The rate of tyrosine oxidation falls rapidly with the deprotonation of the phenolic group. PMID- 35273 TI - Nitrogen-metabolizing enzymes of Diplodia maydis, a Zea mays L. stalk rot causing fungus. AB - The nitrogen source available to Diplodia maydis in vivo is reported to affect the severity of stalk rot in maize. Nitrate and (or) ammonium salts were tested for their effect on the type of nitrogen metabolism found in Diplodia maydis in vitro. The level of glutamate dehydrogenase remained essentially constant on either nitrogen salt but nitrate reductase was induced by growth on nitrate salts and was not extractable on ammonium salts. Properties of nitrate reductase reported here are similar to those reported for the higher plant and Neurospora crassa enzymes. Thr relationship of nitrogen metabolism in Diplodia maydis to Zea mays L. stalk rot is discussed. PMID- 35270 TI - Some observations on the calcium ion binding to the eggshell matrix. AB - The calcified matrix of the hen eggshell has been demineralized with the EDTA. Aliquots of this material are soluble in water and have been characterized by column chromatography and by chemical analyses. Of particular interest is the high hexosamine and uronic acid content, which confirms the protein polysaccharide nature of this water-soluble material. The calcium ion binding to the eggshell matrix has been studied by the equilibrium dialysis technique at different pH values, with both free and blocked carboxylic groups. The material with the free carboxylic side chain groups binds more calcium ions with increasing pH value. When the carboxylic groups have been previously blocked with a water-soluble carbodiimide, the calcium ion binding rapidly decreases. The residual capacity to bind calcium ions in the material with the carboxylic functions modified is probably due to the sulfate ions. In agreement with previous observations on other calcified substrates, the calcium ion binding seems to depend on the presence of ionized carboxylic functions of the matrix. PMID- 35274 TI - Properties of malate dehydrogenase isolated from Methanospirillum hungatii. AB - A NADH-linked oxygen-tolerant malate dehydrogenase was purified 270-fold from cell extracts of Methanospirillum hungatii. Inhibitors of the enzyme included ADP, alpha-ketoglutarate, and excess NADH. Inhibition patterns for ADP were competitive with respect to NADH and non-competitive with respect to oxalacetate. Inhibition by alpha-ketoglutarate was non-competitive with oxalacetate as variable substrate and uncompetitive with respect to NADH. alpha-Ketoglutarate is surmised to function as an end-product inhibitor of the enzyme in reactions converting oxalacetate to alpha-ketoglutarate. No enzyme activity was detected in the direction of malate conversion to oxalacetate, in keeping with a strictly biosynthetic function of the enzyme. An analysis of variance of intial rate data fit to sequential and ping-pong equations showed that a sequential mechanism was perferred. The malate dehydrogenase of M. hungatii resembles those of many other bacteria and eucaryotic cells respect to molecular weight (61,700) and reaction mechanism, but may be regulated differently. PMID- 35275 TI - Characterization of an enzyme from Rhizoctonia praticola which polymerizes phenolic compounds. AB - An extracellular phenol oxidase from the fungus Rhizoctonia praticola which polymerizes various xenobiotic phenols was isolated and characterized. The enzyme was purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 chromatography followed by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Atomic absorption and EPR spectroscopy indicated the presence of copper, and SDS gel electrophoresis revealed a molecular weight of 78,000. With 2,6-dimethoxyphenol as substrate, the enzyme showed a pH optimum of 6.7--6.9, and a temperature optimum of 40 degrees C. According to these and additional characteristics it appears that the enzyme belongs to the class of laccases. PMID- 35276 TI - Agenesis or atrophy of the testis and vas deferens. AB - In this study the author examines the relationship between agenesis or atrophy of the testis and of the vas deferens. From a prospective study of 237 cases of unilateral and bilateral undescended testis, 12 cases of agenesis of a testis were seen; 9 of the 12 cases were associated with agenesis of the vas deferens and in 3 of these unilateral renal agenesis was also present, not necessarily ipsilaterally. Three other cases of testicular agenesis and four cases of extreme testicular atrophy were seen. In all seven, the vas deferens was present in part or in its entirety and roentgenography disclosed a normal upper urinary tract. Agenesis of the vas deferens was seen only in patients with monorchism. No patient was anorchid. It is concluded that an important link exists between agenesis of the vas deferens and agenesis of the testis. PMID- 35277 TI - Evolution of antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 35279 TI - Iodine/iodide toxic reaction: case report with emphasis on the nature of the metabolic acidosis. PMID- 35278 TI - Approach to drug therapy for hypertension. AB - Prevention of complications of hypertension requires the lowering of blood pressure. The therapeutic goal is to achieve and maintain a diastolic pressure of less than 90 mm Hg with minimal adverse effects. The treatment of patients with established diastolic blood pressures between 90 and 104 mm Hg (determined from three separate readings) should be individualized; general measures such as weight loss and salt restriction should be tried first as an alternative to drug therapy. Patients with diastolic pressure in excess of 104 mm Hg should be treated with antihypertensive drugs; the first step should be the use of a thiazide diuretic in addition to general measures. Patients with diastolic pressures of 90 to 115 mm Hg may require the addition of a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, methyldopa or clonidine if the therapeutic goal is not achieved; rarely they require the further addition of hydralazine or prazosin. Patients with diastolic pressures of 116 to 129 mm Hg usually require initially both a thiazide diuretic and a beta-blocker, methyldopa or clonidine; if the therapeutic goal is not achieved, hydralazine or prazosin is added, and if a further hypotensive effect is required guanethidine can be added. Patients with severe hypertension (diastolic pressures greater than 130 mm Hg) may require urgent treatment with combinations of drugs of all three levels. Emphasis should be placed on individualized therapy and patient compliance in the assessment of therapeutic failures. These "step-care" guidlines represent a framework for antihypertensive therapy devised from information available in 1977. It is not a rigid scheme and should be adjusted to the individual patient to ensure as normal a life as possible. PMID- 35280 TI - Mutagenicity of the non-carcinogenic dibenzylnitrosamine and an alpha-acetoxy derivative. AB - The mutagenicity of a non-carcinogenic nitrosamine, N,N-dibenzylnitrosamine (I), and a chemically synthesized alpha-acetoxy derivative, N-(alpha-acetoxy-benzyl)-N benzylnitrosamine (II), has been examined in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA1535. Compound (I) was non-mutagenic when tested directly or in the presence of a metabolic activation system while (II) was highly mutagenic when tested directly. This is the first report on the conversion of a non-mutagenic N nitrosamine to a mutagen by the formation of an alpha-acetoxy derivative. PMID- 35281 TI - DNA damage induced in vivo evaluated with a non-radioactive alkaline elution technique. AB - A modification of the alkaline filter elution test was used to study damage to liver DNA of NMRI mice following in vivo treatment with various hepatocarcinogens and drugs causing liver enlargement. Liver cell nuclei were prepared and lysed on top of polyvinyl filters. DNA was eluted, and the amounts both remaining on the filter and in the eluate were measured colorimetrically. Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), diethylnitrosamine (DEN), N-nitrosomorpholine and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) caused significant enhancement of DNA passage through the filters, whereas N-acetylaminofluorene (AAF), 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB), phenobarbital, halothane and CCl4 did not. The applicability of this short term test is discussed. PMID- 35282 TI - The effect of beta-adrenoceptor and Ca2+ antagonist drugs on the hypoxia-induced increased in resting tension. AB - Using isolated, Langendorff-perfused, electrically-paced guinea-pig hearts, we have investigated the rise in resting tension that occurs when mammalian heart muscle becomes hypoxic. Substrate-depletion, tachycardia, hyperthyroidism, and inotropic interventions (ouabain, isoprenaline, and beta-receptor antagonists at concentrations which increase inotropic state) enhanced the rate of development of this increase in resting tension. 3.86 mumol.litre-1 propranolol, 0.22 to 2.20 mumol.litre-1 verapamil or removing Ca2+ from the extracellular phase at the start of the hypoxic episode prevented (or delayed) the rise in resting tension. Adding these same agents or removing Ca2+ from the extracellular phase after the hypoxia-induced rise in resting tension had started to develop failed to prevent its progression. These results provide some support for an hypothesis that the hypoxia-induced increase in resting tension is independent of an enhanced Ca2+ influx. PMID- 35283 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 25th ORCA Congress. June 29 to July 1, 1978, Turku, Finland. PMID- 35284 TI - [Immunological aspects of nucleolar activation. III. Changes in nucleolar activation after application of S III pneumococcal polysaccharide in vivo]. AB - Intraperitoneal application of 0.7 microgram S III pneumococcal polysaccharide led to a significant increase in the values of nucleolar activation in small, medium, and large lymphocytes, plasmoblasts, and plasmatic cells in a white mouse. Macrophages did not respond to the application of S III by an increase in nucleolar activation. The study tested the possibility of using the observation of the functional morphology of the nucleous for observing the changes in the activation of B-cells after administration of nonspecific mitogen and a thymus independent antigen. PMID- 35285 TI - [Action of N-butylnorsympathone on the effects of cardioaccelerator nerve stimulation in the dog]. AB - In Dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbital (30 mg . kg-1), N-butylnorsympathone (20 mg . kg-1 i.v.) reduced the bradycardia induced by stimulating the cardiac nerve (1, 2, 5, 10 Hz). Phentolamine (1 mg . kg-1 i.v.) or yohimbine (0.3 mg . kg-1 i.v.), two potent alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agents known to block presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor induced a recovery of the effect of cardiac nerve stimulation. Prazosine (0.050 mg . kg-1 i.v.) an alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent known to be ineffective on presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors did not induce a recovery. However neither phentolamine or yohimbine were able to prevent the effects of N butylnorsympathone. Neither haloperidol (0.050 to 2 mg . kg-1 i.v.) or pimozide (0.20 to 1 mg . kg-1 i.v.) induced a recovery or prevented the effects of N butylnorsympathone. These results suggest that N-butylnorsympathone may stimulate presynaptic receptors which do not resemble classical presynaptic alpha adrenoceptors or dopamine receptors. PMID- 35287 TI - NCI-EORTC symposium on new drugs in cancer therapy. Brussels, Belgium, September 7--8, 1978. PMID- 35288 TI - Evaluation of an instrument (Nova-1) for direct potentiometric analysis of sodium and potassium in blood and their indirect potentiometric determination in urine. PMID- 35286 TI - Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of dihydroxytryptamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists as cytotoxic agents in dimethylhydrazine-induced adenocarcinomata. AB - The cytotoxicity of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT), 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), bromolysergic acid diethylamide (BOL), methysergide, and cyproheptadine, and also of 5,6-DHT together with either BOL, methysergide, or cyproheptadine in dimethylhydrazine-induced (DMH) carcinomata of rat colon was evaluated by estimating the percentage of necrotic cells in histological sections of tissues taken 15 h after injection of each of the drugs. In addition, the influence of methysergide and cyproheptadine on the tumour cell mitotic rate was estimated by means of a stathmokinetic technique. Both 5,6-DHT and 5,7-DHT were cytotoxic at each dose tested and for each of these agents the percentage of necrotic cells was directly correlated with the dose of drug used. BOL was not found to be cytotoxic to the colonic carcinomata, whereas both methysergide and cyproheptadine did cause detectable tumour cell necrosis. Methysergide was also found to accelerate tumour cell proliferation, whereas cyproheptadine did not. BOL competitively inhibited the cytotoxicity of 5,6-DHT and neither methysergide nor cyproheptadine potentiated the effect of 5,6 DHT. PMID- 35289 TI - Bilirubin inhibition of gamma-glutamyltransferase on the DuPont aca. PMID- 35290 TI - A comparison of reaction conditions for the automated determination of gamma glutamyltransferase activity in serum. AB - The methods of Rosalki and Tarlow and the Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes for the determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in serum have been compared, with an automatic reaction-rate analyzer in which the reaction is initiated by the addition of a concentrated solution of gamma-glutamyl-p nitroanilide. Results are approximately 4% lower by the Scandinavian method, because of its lower substrate concentration. However, both methods are of comparable reproducibility. The greater stability of the more dilute substrate solution specified in the Scandinavian method has been confirmed, but attempts to stabilize solutions of gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide at the higher concentrations recommended by Rosalki and Tarlow by the addition of organic solvents were accompanied by some enzyme inhibition. The comparative instability of the substrate solutionof Rosalki and Tarlow is unlikely to lead to erroneous results; however, the Scandinavian formulation offers the advantage of a more economical use of reagents, at the expense of a small and probably unimportant reduction in sensitivity. PMID- 35291 TI - The biochemical consequences of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery in children. AB - The changes in serum enzyme activities after successful and uncomplicated cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery in children are described. After maximum serum enzyme activities were attained, they thereafter declined steadily without any secondary peaks of activity, to be at or near normal activities by the seventh day after surgery. The possible sources and mechanisms of enzyme leakage from tissues after CPB are discussed. The concentration of some physiologically important constituents were determined in pump prime fluids and in the common circulation on bypass. The consequences of haemodilution on small children were undesirably reduced concentrations of magnesium, calcium and albumin, and this state persisted for some days after the end of bypass. Some possible implications of such unphysiological pump primes are discussed. We suggest that ASp AT, Ala AT, CK-MB, magnesium, calcium and urea should be routinely monitored for the first four days after surgery. PMID- 35292 TI - N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in normal and chronic lymphocytic leukaemic lymphocytes. AB - N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) activity was measured fluorimetrically in: (a) lymphocytes from 20 normal donors, (b) enriched B and T lymphocyte populations prepared by E rosette sedimentation from 8 normal subjects, (c) lymphocytes from 15 untreated B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemic patients. The pH profiles and optima (4.7) were similar in all preparations. Normal B lymphocytes had higher activity than normal T lymphocytes and both these preparations and normal unfractionated lymphocytes had significantly higher activity than chronic lymphocytic leukaemic lymphocytes. The apparent Michaelis constants were similar in normal unfractionated, B enriched and T enriched lymphocytes, whereas a reduced affinity for the enzyme was observed in the leukaemic lymphocytes. The difference in enzyme content between normal and chronic lymphocytic leukaemic lymphocytes cannot therefore be explained on the basis of a high B cell percentage in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 35293 TI - Isolation of kidney brush border gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from urine by specific antibody gel chromatography. AB - The IgG fraction of antiserum directed against gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGTP, EC 2.3.2.2) isolated from human kidney brush border membranes after limited proteolysis, was covalently bound to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose. With this antibody-gel, gammaGTP present in the urine of patients as a result of tubular damage was immunospecifically prepared by affinity chromatography. The enzyme isolated from the urine samples gave a complete cross reaction wiht gammaGTP artificially cleaved off from brush border fragments. Since labelled anti-gammaGTP sera gave a specific immunofluorescence only of the luminal portion of cortical tubule, the use of immunosorption chromatography appears to be an important approach for the isolation of urinary kidney tissue antigens of a defined origin. PMID- 35294 TI - Arylsulphatases A and B in human diploid fibroblasts: differential assay with 4 methylumbelliferylsulphate and AgNO3. AB - A new technique is introduced for the differential assay of arylsulphatases A and B in centrifuged homogenates of cultured human skin fibroblasts, using 4 methylumbelliferyl-sulphate as a substrate and AgNO3 as a selective inhibitor of arylsulphatase A. The method can be applied in the diagnosis of metachromatic leucodystrophy, mucopolysaccharidosis type VI and mucosulphatidosis. Normal arylsulphatase activities were found in fibroblasts derived from patients with mucopolysaccharidoses types II, III-A and IV, known to be caused by deficiencies of various other sulphatases. PMID- 35295 TI - [Direct action of alpha and beta blockers on pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 35296 TI - Selectivity of beta adrenoreceptor antagonist drugs assessed by histamine bronchial provocation. AB - In a double-blind, within-patient, randomized study, 12 mild asthmatics were given single oral doses of propranolol (80 mg), metoprolol (100 mg), timolol (10 mg), or placebo. Resting heart rate and forced expiratory volume in one sec (FEV1) were measured before and 90 min after treatment. Nonspecific bronchial reactivity was measured by inhaled histamine at 90 min. Following each active drug, resting heart rate changed to a similar extent and to a greater degree than after placebo (p less than 0.01). Changes in FEV1 were small and not different from those after placebo. In contrast, after each active drug, bronchial reactivity increased more than after placebo. The degree of reactivity with each active drug was similar but the differences from corresponding placebo values were significant (p less than 0.05). We conclude that, in mild asthmatics, nonspecific bronchial reactivity is a more sensitive index of airway effects than resting FEV1. Moreover, in the context of this study, since the beta-blockers were given in doses likely to induce equivalent cardiac beta-blockade, there is no evidence to suggest that any one of them is more "cardioselective" than the others. PMID- 35297 TI - Effect of pH and urine flow on urinary nicotine excretion after smoking cigarettes. AB - Effects of pH and urine flow on urinary excretion of nicotine were examined in 11 smokers after they had smoked 3 cigarettes during water diuresis. Plasma nicotine showed a slight but nonsignificant rise after smoking. Urinary excretion of nicotine increased significantly from the pre-smoking levels of 258 +/- 76 and 252 +/- 147 (mean +/- SEM) ng/15 min to the peaks of 2,587 +/- 1,224 and 2.561 +/ 584 ng/15 min 30 and 45 min after the start of smoking. Thereafter, urinary nicotine tended to decrease and rise with changes in urinary flow. There was a correlation between urinary nicotine and urinary flow after smoking (r = 0.26, p less than 0.05). Eleven subjects were grouped based on the mean urinary pH throughout the experiment. No significant amount of nicotine was excreted in the group with pH above 7.5 while groups with pH below 7.4 excreted substantial nicotine after smoking. There was a negative correlation between urinary pH and nicotine excretion (r = -0.58, p less than 0.001). Urinary excretion of nicotine cannot be used as an index of smoking unless pH and urine flow are controlled. PMID- 35298 TI - Effect of enzyme induction on plasma lipids using antipyrine, phenobarbital, and rifampicin. PMID- 35299 TI - Proceedings of the National Conference on Clinical Trials Methodology. PMID- 35300 TI - Control of enzymatically inactive renin in man under various pathological conditions: implications for the interpretation of renin measurements in peripheral and renal venous plasma. PMID- 35301 TI - [Antiaggregant therapy in cerebrovascular insufficiency in the aged]. PMID- 35302 TI - High performance liquid chromatography in clinical toxicology. I. General drugs. PMID- 35303 TI - Evaluation of a community-based poison education program. AB - This study suggests that: (1) a program directed at a specific town and coordinated by a local community group is more effective in transmitting poison control knowledge than is a statewide poison prevention week effort; (2) that transmission of educational material is optimized through programs directed at a specific age group (in this study ages 6 through 14); and, (3) that information about where to get the poison center number and actual acquisition of Ipecac syrup in homes was well transmitted. PMID- 35304 TI - The volitional disorders. PMID- 35306 TI - Water hemlock poisoning complicated by rhabdomyolysis and renal failure. PMID- 35307 TI - Proceedings of the 42nd Quarterly Meeting of the California Association of Toxicologists, San Diego, California, October 29, 1977. PMID- 35305 TI - Treatment plan for acute and chronic adrenergic poisoning crisis utilizing sympatholytic effects of the B1-B2 receptor site blocker propranolol (Inderal) in concert with diazepam and urine acidification. AB - In a large series of patients who have abused a variety of commercially available "amphetamine-like" agents as well as "street drugs" with CNS stimulant activity, the specific lytic effects of propranolol (Inderal) were utilized to reverse the dangerous hyperkinetic cardiovascular and frightening CNS phenomena noted in these non-comatose individuals. Presented here is a logical and clinically proven mode of therapy by which the authors have consistently, successfully, and safely managed such patients in "adrenergic crisis" by judicious titration of electrolytes, propranolol, and diazepam. PMID- 35308 TI - WHO consultation meeting on the promotion and development of traditional medicine. PMID- 35309 TI - Abstracts of original papers to be presented at the eighth annual scientific and educational symposium of the Society of Critical Care Medicine. San Francisco Hilton Hotel May 27--30, 1979. PMID- 35310 TI - The pharmacology of isolation-induced aggressive behavior in mice. AB - This review attempts to summarize the literature on the effects of drugs on isolation-induced aggression in mice. In spite of the fact that each investigator that was surveyed utilized different methodologies (e.g., induction techniques, testing conditions, scoring systems), the results from the various laboratories are generally in agreement in many respects. Fighting in isolated mice has been shown to be selectively antagnoized (i.e., antifighting activity at doses significantly below doses producing neurological impairment in isolated mice) by antidepressants, neuroleptics, anticholinergics, antiserotonergics, and antihistamines; however, aggression was nonselectively antagonized by anxiolytics, muscle relaxants, anticonvulsants, sedatives, and hypnotics. Emphasis is placed on the necessity to determine pharmacological selectivity whenever antagonistic effects are observed; this can only be accomplished by measuring neurological impairment (ataxia) in the isolated mice by utilizing a test such as an inclined-screen, preferably immediately following aggression testing. Since isolated mice have been shown to exhibit marked differences in drug sensitivities and in metabolic dispositions of many classes of drugs as compared to group-housed controls, statements concerning drug selectivity or specificity are meaningless without some evidence for a lack of neurological impairment in isolated, aggressive mice. PMID- 35311 TI - Psychobiological interactions and schizophrenia. PMID- 35312 TI - Circadian rhythms in manic-melancholic disorders. PMID- 35313 TI - The 21st Aspen Lung Conference: Immunology of the Lung. PMID- 35314 TI - Summary of the Aspen Conference. PMID- 35315 TI - Effects of changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension on oxygen consumption during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The effects of changes in arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) on the oxygenation of tissues in 34 patients undergoing surgery for aortocoronary bypass were studied while temperature, systemic blood flow, and the delivery of oxygen to the peripheral tissues remained constant. Mixed venous and superior vena caval oxygen tensions (PvO2 and PsvcO2, respectively) and oxyhemoglobin saturations and the in vivo partial pressure of oxygen at which 50 percent of the hemoglobin is saturated (P50) increased with PaCO2, while peripheral vascular resistance, in vitro P50, the level of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid in the red blood cells, and the level of lactate in the blood remained constant. There was a close correlation between increases in PaCO2 and increases in PvO2 (r = 0.912; P less than 0.001) but not increases in PsvcO2 (r = 0.364; not significant). This indicated that the total-body consumption of oxygen diminished with increases in PaCO2 but that some regional redistribution of oxygen consumption occurred between the superior and inferior vena caval vascular beds. Since the level of lactate in the blood remained constant and since signs of metabolism acidosis did not develop, the reduced oxygen consumption due to increases in PaCO2 did not result in detectable increases in anaerobic metabolism. PMID- 35316 TI - [Relationship between the kinetics of alkaline denaturation of lymphocyte DNA and the level of single-strand breaks]. PMID- 35317 TI - [Enzymatic "imprinting" as a result of exposure to genetic enzyme inducers soon after the birth of animals]. PMID- 35318 TI - The metabolic disposition of norgestrel in female rhesus monkeys. AB - Following single intragastric doses of d- and dl-[24C]norgestrel (Ng), rhesus monkeys excreted 29.5 +/- 2.0 (SE) and 52.6 +/- 5.4% of the administered radioactivity in urine. Fecal excretion accounted for 57.1 +/- 4.0 and 37.2 +/- 4.4%, respectively. Urinary radioactivity was separated into neutral, acidic, and conjugated fractions. The neutral and conjugated fractions contained Ng; 2 alpha, 16 alpha- and 16 beta-hydroxy-Ng; 3 alpha,5 beta-tetrahydro-Ng and 16 beta hydroxy-3 alpha,5 beta-tetrahydro-Ng and their glucuronides. However, the bulk of the radioactivity in these fractions was associated with more polar metabolites. The acidic fraction contained unstable metabolies which lose 14CO2 at pH values below 5. The most abundant of these metabolites was isolated as its stable methyl ester. The structure of a 13-ethyl-D-homogon-4-ene-3,17 alpha-dione-17 carboxylic acid is proposed for the metabolite which decomposes to 13-ethyl-D-homogon-4-ene 3,17 alpha-dione [D-homo-G]. The probable mechanism of the metabolite's formation is postulated. Quantitative differences in urinary metabolite patterns were observed following the administration of d- and dl-Ng. Ng is the major identified drug-related entity in plasma. The d-Ng concentrations in plasma measured by radioimmunoassay were in good agreement with those determined by fractionation and radiometry. The latter method indicated the presence of D-homo-G and a glucuronide of 3 alpha,5 beta-tetrahydro-Ng following the administration of d- and dl-Ng. PMID- 35319 TI - Pharmokinetics of 2'-deoxycoformycin in normal and L1210 leukemic mice. AB - Following intravenous administration, 2'-deoxycoformycin (0.25 mg/kg) was rapidly distributed to tissues of both normal mice and mice bearing L1210 leukemia cells and readily eliminated, primarily by urinary excretion. Elimination of 2' deoxycoformycin from plasma was biphasic, and half-lives for the alpha- and beta phases of 10 and 33 min for normal mice and 7 and 40 min for L1210-bearing animals. The volume of distribution at steady state was approximately 20 ml, suggesting that the drug was distributed in the total body water for both groups of mice. The kidney, liver, small intestine, spleen, thymus, and L1210 tumor had tissue/plasma ratios greater than or equal to 1 at 15 min after dosing. In both groups, greater than 90% of the dose of 2'-deoxycoformycin was recovered in the urine within 3 hr. As determined by bioautography of urine samples, no detectable metabolism occurred. The presence of the L1210 tumor caused changes in the tissue distribution of 2'-deoxycoformycin. At later time periods, tissues from tumor bearing mice contained significantly higher levels of this drug when compared to normal mice. However, the tumor was without significant effect on blood levels or urinary excretion of 2'-deoxycoformycin. PMID- 35320 TI - Studies on disposition and metabolism of tolmetin, a new anti-inflammatory agent, in rats and mice. I. Absorption, distribution, and excrection of [14C]tolmetin radioactivity. AB - [14C]Tolmetin was rapidly and almost completely absorbed in both rats and mice. The major portion of the drug was shown to be absorbed from the upper part of the duodenum, and a small portion from the stomach. Tissue levels of radioactivity comparable to blood levels were found only in liver and kidney, and other tissue levels were lower than those in blood, possibly because of the considerable plasma protein binding of the drug. Radioactivity disappeared from most tissues at rates similar to that from blood, and no appreciable radioactivity was found in rat and mouse tissues 24 hr after dosing. Correspondingly, radioactivity was excreted mostly in urine within this time period. Mouse fetuses contained significantly less radioactivity than did maternal tissues in autoradiography. No significant differences were found in absorption, distribution, and excretion of radioactivity when single or five consecutive daily doses of [14C]tolmetin were administered to rats. PMID- 35321 TI - Studies on disposition and metabolism of tolmetin, a new anti-inflammatory agent, in rats and mice. II. Urinary metabolites. AB - A new urinary metabolite of tolmetin was found in rat urine and identified as the hydroxymethyl metabolite (tolmetin-OH), an intermediate in the formation of the known carboxy metabolite (tolmetin-COOH). In rats of two strains, the following percentages of the urinary reactivity of [14Ia1tolmetin were found in 24 hr: unchanged tolmetin-COOH (58--60%), tolmetin-OH (18--24 %), and its conjugate 6- 14%. Mouse urine contained the unchanged drug (about 20%), its conjugate and tolmetin-COOH (60%). Similarly to mouse urine, human urine contained negligible amounts of tolmetin-OH. PMID- 35322 TI - The absorption, distribution and excretion of photomirex in the rat. AB - The absorption, distribution, and excretion of photomirex were investigated in the rat. Photomirex was absorbed slowly after oral administration, appeared in the blood at 1.5 hr, and reached the peak concentration 4 hr after dosing. Elimination from the blood was studied in rats receiving single intravenous doses; the semilog-arithmic decay curve was found to be triphasic. The highest concentrations were present in the rat, liver, and skin. Approximately 38--42% of the orally dosed photomirex was excreted in the feces in the first 3 days and 51- 55% was eliminated in 28 days. Only trace amounts of photomirex were found in the urine (less than 0.09% of the total dose in 24 hr). Photomirex constituted about 95% of the total radioactivity found in the tissues and feces. No metabolite was detected in the radioactive material extracted from tissues or feces. PMID- 35323 TI - Possible molecular mechanism of mirex-induced hepatobiliary dysfunction. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with mirex, po, at 0, 5, 10, and 50 mg/kg/day in 0.4 ml of corn oil for 3 days. Forty-eight hours after the last treatment, the biliary excretion of exogenously provided polar metabolites of 14C imipramine was suppressed at all levels of mirex in a dose-dependent manner. Biliary excretion of phenolphthalein glucuronide was suppressed at high doses of mirex. These effects of impaired biliary excretion were accompanied by increased bile flow. Persistence of the mirex-induced biliary excretory dysfunction toward otherwise readily excretable, preformed metabolites suggests aberration of transport of these substances from the liver to bile. Whereas mitochondrial Mg++ ATPase and microsomal Na+-K+-ATPase activities were both inhibited by exposure to mirex in a dose-dependent manner, the latter activity was consistently inhibited to a higher degree. These results are suggestive of mirex-induced interference with energy production and utilization in the manifestation of hepatobiliary dysfunction. PMID- 35324 TI - Influence of dose on first-pass kinetics of 14C-imipramine in the isolated perfused rat liver. PMID- 35325 TI - Diastereoisomeric glucuronides of oxazepam. Isolation and stereoselective enzymic hydrolysis. AB - Oxazepam glucuronide isolated from swine urine by previously published methods was separated into its diastereoisomers by ion-exchange chromatography on a preparative scale. Quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography was used to monitor the separation. The two isomers were obtained in analytically pure form and then characterized by elemental analysis, oxazepam content, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet spectroscopy, optical rotation and optical rotatory dispersion-circular dichroism. The latter permitted the assignment of the dextrorotatory and the levorotatory isomers to the (S)- and (R)- configurations, respectively. Rates of enzymic hydrolysis depend on the configuration of the substrate as well as on the enzyme preparation used. Rate of cleavage was highest with the (S)-(+)-glucuronide and beta-glucuronidase from Escherichia coli. This enzyme possesses the highest degree of stereoselectivity; it hydrolyzes the (S) (+)-isomer more than 400 times faster than the (R)-(-)-form. Bovine liver glucuronidase is less stereoselective, whereas glucuronidase preparations of molluscan origin exhibit little stereoselectivity. The ready hydrolysis of one of the glucuronides by an enzyme from an intestinal microorganism may play a role in the enterohepatic circulation of oxazepam. PMID- 35326 TI - Uptake and excretion of benzo[a]pyrene and its metabolites by the rat pancreas. AB - Following intravenous administration of [3H]benzo[a]pyrene ([3H]BP) to rats, uptake of radioactivity by the pancreas, per g of tissue, was approximately 16% of that of the liver. At 5 min following administration, unmetabolized BP in the pancreas, liver, and blood constituted 79, 50, and 49% of total BP uptake, respectively. The total uptake and unmetabolized BP in these tissues declined in a biphasic manner over the 2-hr observation period, during which only 0.03% of the total administered dose was excreted in pancreatic juice, as compared to 39% in bile; all radioactivity in pancreatic juice and bile was due to polar BP metabolites, including 3-hydroxy-BP. Pretreatment of rats with methylcholanthrene induced a significant increase in biliary, but not pancreatic, excretion of radioactivity. Administration of secretagogues caused a 2-fold increase in pancreatic, but not biliary, radioactivity. PMID- 35327 TI - Benzo[a]pyrene metabolism by hepatic and extrahepatic tissues in streptozotocin diabetic rats. AB - The metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) by microsomes from hepatic and extrahepatic tissues of female diabetic rats was investigated. Diabetes was produced by the administration of streptozotocin, 60 mg/kg iv, and BP metabolism was studied 7 or 10 days later. BP metabolism was increased in hepatic microsomes by 75% in diabetic animals. Cytochrome P-450 levels were similarly increased. BP mono oxygenase activity was tripled in intestinal microsomes of diabetic rats, and returned to control values on insulin treatment. The BP mono-oxygenase activity in lung microsomes from diabetic rats decreased by 40%, and was increased to control levels after insulin treatment. No significant changes in BP metabolism were observed in the kidney and adrenal tissues of diabetic animals. PMID- 35328 TI - Maturational changes in adrenal xenobiotic metabolism in male and female guinea pigs. AB - In young (25-day-old) guinea pigs, adrenal and hepatic benzo[a]pyrene (BP) hydroxylase activities were similar but the rates of ethylmorphine (EM) demethylation were greater in adrenals than liver. Between 25 and 50 days of age no sex differences in adrenal or hepatic enzyme activities were demonstrable. The rates of adrenal BP and EM metabolism increased with age in guinea pigs of both sexes; activities reached significantly higher levels in males than females. In contrast, hepatic metabolism of BP and EM declined with maturation and activities were similar in males and females at all ages. Neither microsomal cytochrome P 450 concentrations no NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities correlated with the maturational changes or sex differences in xenobiotic metabolism. Adrenal microsomal steroid 21-hydroxylase activity did not change significantly with aging and was not sex-dependent. The results indicate that opposite changes occur in adrenal and hepatic xenobiotic metabolism as a function of aging, resulting in substantially greater adrenal than hepatic activity in sexually mature animals. The data also suggest that adrenal microsomal drug and steroid metabolism are independently regulated. PMID- 35329 TI - Pharmacokinetis of alpha- and beta-isomers of racemic endosulfan following intravenous administration in rabbits. AB - The pharmacokinetics of the alpha- and beta-isomers of endosulfan in rabbits was investigated following intravenous injection. Endosulfan (2 mg/kg) was given as a mixture of the two isomers in the ratio 70:30. The plasma concentration-time data for alpha-endosulfan was best fitted to the three-compartment model with a terminal slope half-life of 235 +/- 168 (SD; N = 6) hr. The data for beta endosulfan was adequately described by the two-compartment model, the corresponding half-life was 5.97 +/- 2.41 hr. The total distribution volumes during the terminal slopes were, however, similar for alpha- and beta-endosulfan (675 +/- 246 and 565 +/- 126 ml/kg, respectively). Consequently, the plasma clearance was considerably lower for alpha-endosulfan (2.70 +/- 1.3 ml/hr/kg) than for beta-endosulfan (70.1 +/- 18.6 ml/hr/kg). The alpha-isomer had a higher fraction unchanged in the urine (37% of dose) than did the beta-isomer (11%) and a slightly higher fraction unchanged in feces (2.7% and 0.4%, respectively) at 5 days. Thus, the two isomers of endosulfan showed pronounced differences in their pharmacokinetic profile. These dissimilarities may partly explain reported differences in toxicity between the alpha- and beta-isomer. PMID- 35330 TI - [Beta receptor blockaders]. PMID- 35331 TI - [Bolus formation by sedatives and hypnotics]. PMID- 35332 TI - [WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Veterinary Public Health at the Hannover Veterinary College. 7th seminar on environmental hygiene, 14 Mar 1979: Air pollutants in animal husbandry]. PMID- 35333 TI - Histamine-2-receptor blocker cimetidine in African patients with duodenal ulceration--a preliminary communication. PMID- 35334 TI - Contemporary Clinical Neurophysiology. Being the invited contributions to the 9th International Congress of Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, September 4-9, 1977. PMID- 35335 TI - Neuropsychological correlates of anticonvulsants and epileptiform discharges in adult epileptics. AB - Neuropsychological correlates of anticonvulsants and of EEG epileptiform discharges were examined through the administration of neuropsychological measures to groups of adult epileptics. Among the anticonvulsants, performances with high and low serum phenytoin levels were compared and performances with sulthiame vs. phenytoin and carbamazepine vs. phenytoin were evaluated. Various drug effects from these studies were noted and there was some suggestion that the neuropsychological impacts of specific anticonvulsants may be selective rather than general. The neuropsychological correlates of the topographic distribution and average rate of occurrence of discharges were considered. Striking neuropsychological correlates were found with the poorest performances in connection with discharges which were generalized and those which were at a rate greater than 1/min. The importance of using a broad range of neuropsychological measures was stressed. PMID- 35336 TI - An experimental model to investigate disinhibitory mechanisms in penicillin epileptogenesis. PMID- 35337 TI - Effect of neurotransmitters on the in vitro release of immunoreactive thyrotropin releasing hormone from rat mediobasal hypothalamus. AB - The in vitro release of TRH from hypothalamic fragments or purified nerve endings (synaptosomes) has been evaluated after incubation for 10 min in the presence of various concentrations of K+ or neurotransmitters. Release of the hormone from fragments but not from synaptosomes was enhanced in the presence of 56 mM K+ in a Ca++ -dependent manner. Neurotransmitter effects were thus tested on the fragments. Addition of histamine (10 (-7)-10(-5) M) induced a significant increase over the basal release of TRH. A comparable effect was obtained with dimaprit (10(-5) M), a highly specific agonist of histamine H2 receptors; conversely, the response to histamine was blocked by the addition of a H2 (metiamide; 10(-6) M) but not of a H1 (mepyramine; 10(-6) M) antagonist to the incubation medium. Dopamine (10(-7) M) slightly inhibited the release of TRH, but antagonists of dopamine receptors (10(-7)-10(-6) M fluphenazine or 10(-6) M alpha flupentixol) exhibited an inhibitory effect by themselves, so that specific receptors involved in mediating dopamine actions could not be further characterized. In contrast, noradrenalin, serotonin gamma-aminobutyric acid and acetylcholine (tested at concentration of 10(-7) M) did not alter the basal release of the tripeptide. PMID- 35338 TI - Human growth hormone: additional members of the complex. PMID- 35339 TI - The insulin receptor in vertebrates is functionally more conserved during evolution than insulin itself. PMID- 35340 TI - Immunoreactive somatostatin in rat hypophyseal portal blood: effects of anesthetics. PMID- 35341 TI - Nutrition and somatomedin. V. Action and measurement of somatomedin inhibitor(s) in serum from diabetic rats. AB - Serum from normal rats stimulates growth cartilage in vitro; this stimulation is attributed to somatomedin activity. In contrast, serum from diabetic rats may produce dose-response lines with negative slopes and, in combination studies, suppress the stimulatory activity of serum from normal rats; this is attributed to somatomedin inhibitory factor(s). Somatomedin inhibitory activity in serum from diabetic rats cannot be attributed to recognized catabolic factors, such as glucocorticoids or free fatty acids. The inhibitory activity is resistant to 100 C heat at neutral pH but is partially removed by 100 C heat at pH 5.5. Somatomedin inhibitory activity can be estimated as the ability to decrease the stimulation of rat cartilage incubated for 2 days with serum from normal rats. With this method, serum from diabetic rats provides linear inhibition of both sulfate and thymidine uptake. This procedure is simple, reproducible, and allows detection of inhibitory activity in as little as 5 microliter whole serum. It allows identification of individual samples enriched in inhibitory activity and should be useful in further studies of somatomedin inhibitory factor(s). PMID- 35342 TI - Nutrition and somatomedin. VI. Somatomedin activity and somatomedin inhibitory activity in sera from normal and diabetic rats. PMID- 35343 TI - ACTH release in pituitary cell cultures. Effect of neurogenic peptides and neurotransmitter substances on ACTH release induced by hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). AB - The effects of various neurogenic peptides and neurotransmitter substances on the release of ACTH induced by hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor (HY-CRF) were investigated using monolayer cultured anterior pituitary cells. Test substances were given in combination with 0.05-0.1 hypothalamic extract (HE)/ml, because HE evoked a significant ACTH release and a linear dose response relationship was demonstrated sequentially between 0.0165 HE/ml and 0.5 HE/ml. Relative high doses of lysine-vasopressin showed a slight additive effect on the release of ACTH induced by 0.1 HE/ml. Leu-enkephalin, dopamine, prostaglandin E1 and E2 slightly reduced the release of ACTH induced by HY-CRF, but the inhibitory effect of these substances were not dose-related. Other tested substances including luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, thyrotropin releasing hormone, somatostatin, melanocyte stimulating hormone release inhibiting factor, beta endorphin, neurotensin, substance P, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, angiotensin II, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine and gamma amino butyric acid showed neither agonistic nor antagonistic effect on the release of ACTH induced by HY-CRF. These results indicate that the release of ACTH is controlled specifically by HY-CRF and corticosterone, and modified slightly by some other substances such as vasopressin and prostaglandins, and that the effect of most other neurogenic peptides and neurotransmitter substances is negligible or non-physiological at the pituitary level. PMID- 35344 TI - Immunoreactive somatostatin in the hypothalamus and other regions of the rat brain: effects of insulin, glucose, alpha- or beta-blocker and L-dopa. AB - Effects of various hormonal and pharmacological manipulations on somatostatin distribution were investigated to elucidate the physiological significance of somatostatin in the hypothalamus and the other regions of the rat brain. Immunoreactive somatostatin (IRS) was measured by radioimmunoassay newly developed. Insulin induced an increase of hypothalamic IRS and a decrease of plasma RGH, while glucose administration resulted in the opposite responses, which were not significant. Insulin also increased IRS in the thalamus and the brain stem. The insulin-induced increase of hypothalamic IRS was reduced by hyperglycemia. Glucagon reduced IRS initially and then increased it with an elevation plasma RGH. L-dopa did not affect hypothalamic IRS, although it decreased plasma RPRL. Phentolamine slightly increased plasma RGH and decreased IRS in most regions of the rat brain, while propranolol increased IRS in these regions. Pretreatment with propranolol significantly increased plasma RGH 120 min after insulin administration, and hypothalamic IRS decreased initially by pretreatment with propranolol, and then it increased significantly. When pretreated with propranolol, glucagon markedly increased plasma RGH and decreased IRS significantly. From these findings it is concluded that hypothalamic IRS may participate in the hormonal regulatory system in correlation to plasma RGH, as observed in studies on plasma GH and hypothalamic IRS following insulin, glucose, propranolol or phentolamine administration, but IRS in other regions of the brain may have some other actions as a neurotransmitter or a modulator, because of no significant correlation between plasma GH or PRL and IRS in these regions following various stimuli. In addition, glucose homeostasis and adrenergic mechanism may be important factors in regulating IRS in the rat brain. PMID- 35345 TI - Perinatal evolution and hormonal control of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the rat. AB - The evolution of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity has been measured in the rat fetus from 18 1/2 days of gestation until 24 h after birth. This activity increases gradually in the fetal adrenals with a sudden and transient increase between 0 and 6 h postpartum. It is suggested that a nervous mechanism related to the stress of birth is responsible for this increase. Fetal decapitation reduces adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity at term. This reduction can be partially prevented by administering adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to the decapitated fetus; cortisol administration has no effect. The results indicate that ACTH has a direct action on adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase in the fetus as it does in the adult. PMID- 35346 TI - Aminomalonic acid and its congeners as potential in vivo inhibitors of L asparagine synthetase. AB - Aminomalonic acid is a strong in vitro inhibitor of L-asparagine synthetase from Leukemia 5178Y/AR and from mouse pancreas; the agent is formally competitive with L-aspartic acid (Ki = 0.0023 M and 0.0015 M for the tumoral and pancreatic enzymes, respectively). Since aminomalonic acid is unstable and inert in vivo as an inhibitor of L-asparagine synthetase, attempts were made to deliver it to the site of its intended action via precursors: the diamide (2-aminomalonamide), the diester (diethylaminomalonate), and the keto acid (ketomalonic acid). Each of these putative 'pro drugs' was shown to be susceptible to metabolism to aminomalonate by mammalian and bacterial enzymes, in vitro. In vivo, aminomalonamide failed to inhibit tumoral L-asparagine synthetase at any time period up to 24 h after its oral or intraperitoneal administration. The diester and keto acid were similarly inactive. However, with specialized techniques it was possible to demonstrate that the diamide significantly inhibited the amidation and/or incorporation of L-aspartic acid into the L-asparaginyl residues of protein. Chemical manipulations of aminomalonic acid aimed at introducing irreversibly reacting functions are warranted. PMID- 35347 TI - Yeast argininosuccinate synthetase. Purification; structural and kinetic properties. AB - Yeast argininosuccinate synthetase has been purified to homogeneity. The enzyme was found to have a molecular weight of 228,000 as determined by gel sieving. It is composed of identical subunits of Mr 49,000 as shown by gel electrophoresis. The quaternary structure as determined by cross-linking of the subunits with glutaraldehyde, followed by gel electrophoresis with dodecylsulfate, is tetrameric. The saturation functions by citrulline and aspartate are hyperbolic; with MgATP as the variable substrate a sigmoid character, dependent on the concentration of citrulline, aspartate, argininosuccinate and arginine, was observed. The positive cooperativity is reduced by increasing concentrations of citrulline and aspartate; it is increased by argininosuccinate and arginine. Kinetic analysis provided evidence for a random addition of substrates. Initial velocity studies as well as product and dead-end inhibition studies comply with a rapid-equilibrium random model, except for the interconversion of the central quaternary complexes; the different kinetic constants have been established on the basis. Yeast argininosuccinate synthetase has a double metabolic function: anabolic in the biosynthesis of arginine, catabolic as the first enzyme of citrulline utilization as nitrogen source. The kinetic properties of the enzyme point to a physiologically well-adjusted activity for both roles and to an economic and efficient utilization of ATP. PMID- 35348 TI - The binding of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate to the hemocyanin of Octopus vulgaris. AB - The binding of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate (ansyl) to native and copper free hemocyanin of Octopus vulgaris has been studied in different conditions by measuring the fluorescence properties of the probe in the presence of hemocyanin. Native hemocyanin, either in the oxygenated or in the deoxygenated state, does not bind ansyl. The binding of ansyl with apohemocyanin induces a strong increase (from 0.004 to 0.6 -- 0.7) of the quantum yield and a blue shift from 520 nm to 460 nm of the emission maximum indicating the presence of ansyl binding sites in the protein. Experimental evidence is reported that the binding occurs at the copper-binding site of the protein. The dissociation constants of the ansyl hemocyanin complexes are equal to about 10(-4) M, i.e. they are of the same order of those obtained with other proteins. The number of binding sites (n) of apohemocyanin for ansyl depends on the conformational state of the protein and ranges from 0.15 -- 0.80 mol/mol protein (Mr 50,000), depending on pH, ionic strength, and urea concentration. A negative interaction between the ansyl binding sites has been suggested. PMID- 35349 TI - Kinetic analysis of the interaction of the phosphatidylcholine exchange protein with unilamellar vesicels and multilamellar liposomes. AB - The mode of action of the phosphatidylcholine exchange protein from bovine liver has been studied by using unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar liposomes both of which membranes contain phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid. The protein mediated exchange of phosphatidylcholine between vesicles and liposomes fit the kinetic model presented in a previous study [V.D. Besselaar et al. (1975) Biochemistry, 1j, 1852]. Kinetic analysis of the rates of exchange indicate that the apparent dissociation constant of the exchange protein-vesicle complex decreases with an increasing phosphatidic acid content of the vesicles. Both vesicles and liposomes of 10 mol% phosphatidic acid show the same dissociation constant; on the other hand, both the formation and the disruption of the protein membrane complex was 50--100-times higher for the vesicles than for the liposomes. This implies that the exchange protein can discriminate between vesicles and liposomes. Equilibrium gel chromatography of a column of Bio Gel A 5m confirmed that the exchange protein binds more strongly to vesicles of an increased phosphatidic acid content. The protein-mediated exchange of phosphatidylcholine in the vesicle-liposome system demonstrates a pH optimum at 4.0 to 5.5. The kinetic analysis at pH 5.0 as compared to pH 7.4 indicates that the enhanced exchange at pH 5.0 can solely be accounted for by altered interaction of the exchange protein with the liposomes. PMID- 35350 TI - Quaternary structure of higher plant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases. AB - 1. NAD(P)+-induced changes in the aggregational state of prepurified NADP-linked glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.13) were used to isolate the enzyme from Spinacia oleracea, Pisum sativaum and Hordeum vulgare. Each of the three plant species contains two separate isoenzymes. Isoenzyme 1 (fast moving during conventional electrophoresis) precipitates with the ammonium sulfate fraction 55--70% saturation. It shows two separate subunits in dodecylsulfate gels, which are probably arranged as A2B2 in the native enzyme molecule. Isoenzyme 2 (slow moving during conventional electrophoresis) precipitates with the ammonium sulfate fraction 70--95%. It contains a sigle subunit of the same Mr as subunit A in isoenzyme 1 and is apparently a tetramer (A4). The molecular weights of subunits A/B for spinach, peas and barley were determined as 38,000/40,000, 38,000/42,000 and 36,000/39,000 respectively. 2. The NAD-specific glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) was purified from Spinacia oleracea and Pisum sativum by affinity chromatography on blue Sepharose CL-6B. The enzyme from both plant species is shown to be a tetramer of subunits with Mr 39,000. 3. The present findings contrast with heterogeneous results obtained previously by other authors. These results suggested that there are considerable interspecific differences in the quaternary structure of glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenases from higher plants. PMID- 35351 TI - The influence of electrostatic interaction on the proton-binding behaviour of myo inositol hexakisphosphate. PMID- 35352 TI - Surface change of biological membranes as a possible regulator of membrane-bound enzymes. PMID- 35353 TI - Measurement of urinary 6-beta-hydroxycortisol excretion as an in vivo parameter in the clinical assessment of the microsomal enzyme-inducing capacity of antipyrine, phenobarbitone and rifampicin. PMID- 35354 TI - Identification of beta adrenoreceptors during thymocyte ontogeny in mice. PMID- 35355 TI - Clonal dominance of low-affinity antibodies in rabbit hyperimmune anti streptococcal group A-variant polysaccharide antisera. AB - Intraveneous hyperimmunization of selectively bred rabbits with streptococcal group A-variant vaccines elicits antibody responses of restricted heterogeneity at high antibody levels. In these antisera, IgG with dissociation constants Kd = 10(-6) M constitutes 90% and IgG with Kp = 10(-9) M accounts for only 10% of the group A-variant polysaccharide-specific antibodies. The low affinity antibody fraction represents the dominant clonotypes. Preparative isoelectric focusing in granulated (Ultrodex G-75) gels was used to successfully purify single-band material belonging to dominant spectrotypes. Affinity studies with these antibody fractions with the highest reported degree of purity yielded Kd = 10(-6) M values, thus confirming that clonal dominance is exclusively associated with low affinity antibodies. Since it is known from previous work (M. Cramer and D. G. Braun, Scand. J. Immunol. 1975. 4:63) and from the rabbit antisera used here that clonal dominance of this sort is long-lived, this work fails to support the argument of immune maturation. The data more logically relate to antibodies that emerge with different subspecificities -- recognized in the antigen as a function of time in immunization procedures -- rather than to an inherent property of the immune system. PMID- 35356 TI - Benzodiazepine receptors: alterations in mutant mouse cerebellum. PMID- 35357 TI - Differential enhancement of locomotor activity by dopamine agonists following chronic neuroleptic treatment: an animal model of tardive dyskinesia. AB - Animals were administered clozapine or haloperidol for 22 days. Following treatment they were challenged with an apomorphine ester or lergotrile. Only haloperidol-treated animals exhibited significantly enhanced responses to apomorphine ester whereas administration of lergotrile potentiated locomotor activity in both treated groups. The results suggest that the use of different dopaminergic agonists may help to dissociate receptor supersensitivity arising from the antipsychotic actions of neuroleptics from that leading to the development of undesirable side effects. PMID- 35358 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias produced by bretylium in cats anesthetized with halothane. AB - Bretylium given by rapid intravenous injection into cats anesthetized solely with halothane precipitates severe and unusually long-lasting ventricular arrhythmias. They are observed 20-70 sec following doses of bretylium ranging from 0.8 mg/kg to 15 mg/kg and last for 60 sec to just over half an hour. Bretylium also manifests signs of sympathetic involvement since it raises blood pressure and heart rate just prior to the onset of arrhythmias. Propranolol pretreatment prevents bretylium arrhythmias. From these results and from those of other investigations, it is concluded that bretylium arrhythmias are mediated through the release of endogenous noradrenaline stored in adrenergic neurons of the heart. These results call attention to the arrhythmogenic potential of bretylium in the presence of halothane anesthesia. PMID- 35359 TI - Commitment to germ tube or bud formation during release from stationary phase in Candida albicans. PMID- 35360 TI - Hymenolepis microstoma: lactate and malate dehydrogenases of the adult worm. PMID- 35361 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani, and L. mexicana: extract factor that lyses mammalian cells. PMID- 35362 TI - Giardia sp.: physical factors of excystation in vitro, and excystation vs eosin exclusion as determinants of viability. PMID- 35363 TI - Effects of hydralazine on the elasticity of collagen. PMID- 35364 TI - [High pressure liquid-liquid chromatography. Quantitative determination of histamine H2 antagonists]. PMID- 35365 TI - [Effect of tranquilizers on impulse conduction in the afferent pathways of visceral nerves]. AB - Experiments on pyrolaxon-immobilized cats evidence that diazepam produces depression of evoked potentials in the specific, nonspecific and associative brain structures upon an electric stimulation of the visceral and somatic nerves, and also with accoustic and photostimulation; Meprotan (meprobamate) in doses of 40-100 mg/kg neither changes nor increases, and in doses of 100-150 mg/kg, reduces the amplitude of evoked potentials and at the sme time forces down the arterial pressure. Amizyl (benactyzine) inhibits the potentials evoked by stimulation of the vagus. The amplitude of responses arising on stimulation of the inferior cardiac, celiac and sciatic nerves, and also with acoustic and photostimulation neither changes nor increases. PMID- 35366 TI - [Effect of the adrenomimetics noradrenaline and mezaton on gastric secretion clinically and experimentally]. AB - Chronic tests on dogs with fistulas in the fundal portion of the stomach and polychlorvinyl catheters implanted in the jugular vein brought evidence that infusion of norepinephrine or mesaton in a dose of 0.003-0.004 mg/kg for 1 1/2 and more hours inhibited the gastric secretion stimulated with carbocholine and histamine. In patients with duodenal and gastric localization of the ulcer an intramuscular injection of mesaton (10 mg) had no essential effect on the main characteristics of the basal gastric secretion. PMID- 35367 TI - The membrane adenosine triphosphatase of Clostridium pasteurianum. Effects of key intermediates of glycolysis on its ATP phosphohydrolase activity. PMID- 35368 TI - Crosslinking of alpha-crystallin with bisimidoesters. Evidence for polyamidine formation at pH8 from an increase in positive charges on the polypeptide chains. PMID- 35369 TI - Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity and cyclic AMP levels in rat liver and mammary gland during the lactogenic cycle and in the oestradiol-progesterone pseudo-induced pregnancy. PMID- 35370 TI - Purification and some properties of cysteine sulfinate transaminase. PMID- 35371 TI - Immunochemistry symposium honoring Michael Heidelberger. PMID- 35372 TI - Overview of the biology of aging: introductory statement. PMID- 35374 TI - Molecular biology and aging: introductory remarks. PMID- 35373 TI - Loss of adaptive mechanisms during aging. AB - Factors contributing to modifications in the capability for enzyme adaptation as an expression of aging are reviewed. Specific examples of altered enzyme adaptations during aging include the responses of hepatic glucokinase activity to glucose and hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase activity to starvation in Sprague Dawley rats. These impaired enzyme adaptations apparently are not the consequence of alterations in hepatic function during aging. Instead, they reflect disturbances in extrahepatic hormonal regulatory mechanisms. Specific examples include modifications in the control of circulating levels of insulin glucagon, corticosteroids, and thyroid hormones. Age-dependent changes in the regulation of circulating levels of insulin probably originate within the impaired ability of pancreatic islets of Langerhans to secrete the hormone in response to glucose. The rationale for exploiting this experimental approach as a means to understand biological aging is discussed. PMID- 35375 TI - Nutrition and aging: introduction. PMID- 35376 TI - Diet as a modulator of aging and longevity. AB - The interrelationships between diet and life span are reviewed, with emphasis on results obtained in studies with experimental animals. Ad libitum feeding throughout life does not promote maximal survival and food restriction increases mean life span. The possible importance of total energy, carbohydrate, and protein intake are considered, as well as the influence of mode of feeding. A number of mechanisms that might explain how nutrition affects life span are discussed, including disease pattern, free radicals, neuroendocrine system, and protein turnover. The significance of these findings in relation to the health and life span of human subjects is not known and deserves further exploration. However, they emphasize the importance of diet as a tool to help explore the biochemical and physiological basis for aging in animal models. PMID- 35377 TI - Theoretical aspects of epithelial transport: introduction. PMID- 35378 TI - Epithelial transport of weak electrolytes. PMID- 35379 TI - [Spectrophotometric determination of bamethan sulfate]. PMID- 35380 TI - [Quantitative ceriometric determination of mebicar]. PMID- 35381 TI - [Age-related characteristics of steroid hormone tissue reception]. PMID- 35382 TI - [Structuro-metabolic mechanisms for integrating several endocrine organs]. AB - Mechanisms of integration in the neuroendocrine system in the regimens of physiological rhythm (oestral cycle) and of isolated effect upon one link of the system (metapyrone administration) were studied with the aid of qualitative histoenzymological analysis of adenohypohysis and adrenal cortex, estimating the comoplex reorganization of various structural components of adenohypophysis and adrenal cortex in response to specific depression of glycocorticoid synthesis. The role of the so called unspecific reorganization in the maintenance of functional response to isolated effects upon certain endocrine functions is discussed along with the necessity of further studies on the principles of interaction in the endocrine system using morphofunctional analysis. PMID- 35383 TI - [4th symposium on the problem "structural and functional organization of the cerebellum"]. PMID- 35384 TI - [Association of Wuerttemberg dermatologists. 39th session on March 12th 1977 Abstracts]. PMID- 35385 TI - Naturally occurring hemolysins in the coelomic fluid of Holothuria polii delle chiaie (Echinodermata). PMID- 35386 TI - Vaginal adenocarcinoma in a gravida with prenatal DES exposure. AB - The article presents a case of a young pregnant woman with vaginal carcinoma who had been exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero. Surgical excision of the lesion was attempted but failed. Interstitial irradiation was then applied and proved successful. The patient's infant, as well as two subsequent children, were delivered by cesarean section after normal pregnancies. There was no evidence of metastatic disease or recurrence in 11 1/2 years following the initial diagnosis. Since 1965, a rising incidence of vaginal adenocarcinoma in women who were exposed to (DES) in utero has been reported. These women should be examined regularly after menarche for prompt evaluation and treatment of precancerous lesions such as adenosis, cervical erosion or transverse ridges. Since most of these patients are young, a conservative treatment is recommended. Extensive surgery and pelvic irradiation is indicated, however, in the cases of widespread disease. PMID- 35387 TI - Assessment of uteroplacental hemodynamics in complicated pregnancy. AB - Examination of the uteroplacental hemodynamics was performed on 109 occasions in women admitted to the hospital in the third trimester because of various complications of pregnancy. The radioactive tracer 113m In was injected intravenously and the build-up and equilibrium times were measured over the placenta, myometrium and heart. The placental build-up times were most informative, with prolonged values being recorded in about one quarter of these cases. When those extending beyond three minutes were further studied, they were usually found to be associated with severe complications of pregnancy. This did not obtain in cases with shorter placental build-up times. PMID- 35388 TI - Improved surveillance of maternal deaths. AB - This study explains and verifies an apparent increase in the New Jersey resident maternal mortality rate from 1.7 per 10,000 live births by the state's traditional method to 3.1 per 10,000 live births by a new method of surveillance instituted in late 1974. In 1975, the maternal mortality rate by the traditional method was 1.5 per 10,000 and by the expanded method, 3.0 per 10,000. The traditional method compiled data from death certificates submitted to the State Vital Statistics Office. The expanded method found additional deaths by review of Annual Maternity Services Reports from hospitals and by close follow-up of individual reports of maternal deaths from medical examiners, physicians and hospitals. PMID- 35389 TI - Jaundice during pregnancy in Ibadan, Nigeria. AB - The clinical features of hepatitis during pregnancy and the effect of this complication on the mother and the fetus were evaluated in 45 patients with jaundice who were treated at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, from July 1976 to January 1978. Viral hepatitis was the cause of jaundice in 23 of the 45 patients in this prospective study. Three of these patients had the fulminant type of jaundice which resulted in maternal deaths. The peak incidence of the disease occurred in the last trimester. Hepatitis had a deleterious effect on the outcome of pregnancy; the effect was directly related to the severity of the disease, especially when associated with pyrexia. It is postulated that, by lowering resistance to infection, malnutrition may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis during pregnancy. PMID- 35390 TI - Postponement of preterm birth with salbutamol. AB - Salbutamol was administered intravenously and orally to 58 patients who were admitted to the hospital because of premature labor. Pregnancy was postponed until at least 36 weeks' gestation in 34 of these patients. The success of this therapy was measured by a parameter of the prolongation index which was inversely related to the Bishop's score. This measurement was highest among patients in whom pregnancy was successfully prolonged. PMID- 35391 TI - Heat loss in Nigerian newborn infants in the delivery room. AB - Fifty-three vigorous infants were randomly assigned to six different groups (A F). The babies in groups A and F were not dried and were either exposed wet to room air or warmed under the radiant heater. The other groups of infants were quickly dried and exposed to room air (group B), wrapped with one sterile sheet (group C), wrapped with two towels (group D) or placed under the radiant heater (group E). The infants exposed to room air lost twice the amount of heat when compared with those insulated with two towels. The amount of heat loss by evaporation could not be demonstrated. The role of high relative humidity as an important determinant of the degree of heat loss by evaporation is stressed. PMID- 35392 TI - Progestogen treatment of uterotubal (cornual) block. AB - High dose progestogen was used to treat 112 cases of primary sterility due to uterotubal block, after tuberculosis and cornual myomata were excluded as causes of the condition. The duration of sterility ranged from three to 18 years. Patients were treated for six or 12 months, depending on their responses to the drug. The results of treatment were very favorable; bilateral and unilateral patency was achieved in 74.0% and 11.6% of the patients, respectively. Pregnancy occurred in 42.8% of all cases studied. PMID- 35393 TI - The value of simple tests in the detection of human ovulation. AB - Cervical mucus viscosity (CMV) and fern test (FT), leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity, basal body temperature (BBT) and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were determined during 31 normal menstrual cycles of 29 volunteers. The day of the serum LH surge was taken as a reference point in evaluating the reliability and sensitivity in predicting ovulation of the other tests studied. Serum LH surge was accompanied by a sudden decrease in CMV, an increase in LAP activity, a gradual increase in FT and biphasic changes of BBT. In about 95% of cycles studied, the lowest values of CMV and peak values of LAP activity appeared on the day of the serum LH surge or one day before or one day after. The lowest point of the BBT coincided with the LH surge in only 26% of cycles. In 53% of cycles, the span was greater than one day before or after the LH peak. The FT corresponded to the LH surge in only 33% of the cycles, while in an additional 33% the preovulatory FT response occurred more than one day before or after the LH surge. The results indicate that CMV and LAP tests are rapid, simple and reliable for monitoring follicular maturation and the timing of ovulation when carried out daily, and may be of value in monitoring treatment during the induction of ovulation. PMID- 35394 TI - The place of sling operations in treating genital prolapse in young women. AB - A review of 260 cases of genital prolapse in women less than 35 years of age is presented. Thirty-six percent of the women were less than 25 years old, and 73.5% were less than 30 years. Until 1965, a total of 85 patients had undergone either Manchester operations or simple colporrhaphies after a conventional method of treatment. Since then, a different surgical approach was elected, and patients were divided into four groups according to the severity of their conditions and the types of operation required. The abdominal sling operation was performed on 110 patients, and the vaginal sling operation was performed on 18 women. Other patients had Manchester operations or simple colporrhaphies, PMID- 35395 TI - A program of IUD insertions by paraprofessionals and physicians in the Philippines. AB - A program of IUD insertions by paramedics and physicians was undertaken at the Jose Fabella Memorial Hospital. Both Lippes C and D were inserted in the postpartum and interval periods. Results show that paramedics can safely and effectively perform IUD insertions, although there are indications of a need to periodically monitor, and perhaps retrain, personnel, be they paramedic or physician, in the techniques of IUD insertion. PMID- 35396 TI - Continuation of abdominal pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia three weeks after birth of an intrauterine twin. AB - A case of heterotopic pregnancy in a 22-year-old multigravida is presented. The extrauterine baby was delivered alive three weeks after the intrauterine pregnancy had ended at term in spite of an associated preeclampsia. The inhibition of lactation resulting from the continuation of the extrauterine pregnancy resulted in marasmus for the first baby. The implications and especially the etiology of preeclampsia occurring in extrauterine pregnancy are discussed. PMID- 35397 TI - Sarcoma botryoides in a Nigerian female infant. AB - A case of sarcoma botryoides has been reported in a 10-month-old Nigerian female infant. The tumor has behaved true to form by its location and histologic appearance. The prognosis in this child is still guarded, as chemotherapy has been the only form of treatment. Although she has been under observation for one year now, there has been no local recurrence of the tumor. PMID- 35398 TI - A new instrument for the management of shoulder dystocia. AB - Shoulder dystocia is a serious obstetric complication and remains an enigma to most obstetricians. Because of its rarity (1:10 000), improvements in management can hardly be gained through the experience of a single individual. However, a new obstetric instrument (shoulder born) has been developed by the author that may prove to be of value in the management of shoulder dystocia by forming a channel which facilitates delivery of the anterior shoulder with minimal trauma. PMID- 35399 TI - One year's experience with the Ypsilon-Y IUD. AB - In 1975, a two-year study designed to test the new Ypsilon IUD was initiated by the Family Planning Center (Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University), Debrecen, Hungary. From November 1975 through September 1976, Ypsilon-Y intrauterine devices (IUDs) were inserted in 300 women who had not previously used IUDs. The control group consisted of 300 Lippes Loop D users, all of whom were also first-time IUD users. The selection was made by randomization. After one year, the relevant rates (pregnancy, expulsion, medical removals) for the study group were: 3.9, 10.4 and 7.8, respectively. The corresponding values for the Lippes Loop D group were: 2.8, 5.7 and 7.8 per 100 women. Although the pregnancy rate for the control population was lower, the difference was not statistically significant. The frequency of expulsion in the Ypsilon-Y users was higher than that of the Lippes Loop D acceptors, but the difference was not statistically significant at the 0.05 level. The medical removal rates were almost the same in both groups. The total number of bleeding, pain and dysmenorrheic complaints in the two groups were also compared and showed that the Ypsilon-Y users did not report complaints as often as did the women wearing the Lippes Loop D. The difference was statistically significant. The relevant termination rates of the Ypsilon-Y were higher than those for the Lippes Loop D; however, the lower frequency of complaints in the study group suggests that the shape of the Y may be more suitable for the uterine cavity than the Loop D. PMID- 35400 TI - Menarchal age in Nigerian schoolgirls: its relationship to their height, weight and menstrual profile. AB - Interviews with 119 students in a girls' residential secondary school in Ondo, Nigeria, revealed that 105 of them had menstruated, their mean age at menarche being 13.85 years, their mean height 156.8 cm and their mean weight 51.13 kg. The duration of menstrual bleeding was 4.43 days, the heaviest occurring at 1.82 days. Dysmenorrhea was reported by 32%. There was no correlation between the weight/height ratio and the mean age of the study group who were menstruating and the 14 students who were not. However, the difference in mean weight and height of those who had and had not attained menarche was significant. It is suggested that certain levels of weight and height are critical to achievement of spontaneous menstruation. PMID- 35401 TI - The significance of sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern during labor and its relation to fetal status and neonatal outcome. AB - Twenty-seven cases of sinusoidal fetal heart rate were studied. This group had a mean scalp pH of 7.288, significantly lower (p less than 0.005) than that of the control group. The mean one-minute Apgar score was 7.148, significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than the control group's mean score. Almost half (48,15%) of the fetuses had a one-minute Apgar score of 7 or less. Every fetus was viable. Amplitude of the pattern was found to correlate with neonatal depression, the larger the amplitude, the more profound the depression. Over 96% of the fetuses had cord-related deceleration patterns, and nearly 63% had obvious cord complications. It is postulated that sinusoidal patterns are an umbilical cord related phenomenon, resulting from an alternating hypovolemia and hypervolemia. Clinicians are urged to scrutinize carefully any cases of this pattern, and perform an immediate fetal scalp blood pH determination. If the pH determination obtained is less than 7.25, the authors suggest intervention and operative delivery. PMID- 35402 TI - Autologous transfusion in obstetrics and gynecology. AB - Two cases are presented which illustrate the use of autologous blood transfusion for elective surgery in obstetrics and gynecology. The advantages and disadvantages are described and review of the pertinent literature over the past century is summarized. PMID- 35403 TI - Serum estrone, estradiol and estriol concentrations during oral hormone therapy after oophorectomy. AB - Serum estrone, estradiol and estriol concentrations during estradiolvalerate norgestrel therapy for women who have undergone oophorectomy were studied. The patients in one group received 1 mg of estradiolvalerate in the morning and 2 mg of estriolsuccinate in the evening. The estrone and estradiol concentrations of the first and fifth day were at roughly the same level and the treatment caused no estrogen cumulation. The estriol concentrations on the fifth day were distinctly higher than on the first, owing to the conversion of estrone and estradiol into estriol. The other group of women were placed on a regimen of 2 mg of estradiolvalerate plus 0.5 mg of norgestrel in the morning and 2 mg of estriolsuccinate in the evening. Here again, the estrone and estradiol concentrations on the first and fifth days were similar. PMID- 35404 TI - Peptide contraception: antifertility properties of LH-RH analogues. AB - A prototype LH-RH antagonist dampened the proestrous gonadotropin surge and blocked ovulation but had no effect on pregnant animals. In contrast, LH-RH and two highly potent LH-RH agonists terminated pregnancy when administrated prior to or following implantation. This contragestational effect, as well as other antireproductive properties of the agonists, coupled with the reversibility of their effects, strongly suggest that peptides may provide a new basis for contraception. PMID- 35405 TI - Cytohormonal assessment of ovarian function following tubal ligation. AB - One hundred fifty postligation and 54 random cases matched for age and parity were studied. Vaginal cytologic samples and endometrial histologic samples were used for cytohormonal assessment of ovarian function. There was no indication of ovarian insufficiency following tubal ligation. The menstrual cycles were ovulatory. Menstrual disturbances were seen in 40.6% of the cases following tubal ligation. Cytohormonal comparison of these cases with that of dysfunctional uterine bleeding cases (who did not undergo tubal ligation) showed either similar or high maturation value. This may be due either to psychological stimulation or to low-grade infection following tubal ligation. There was complete cytomorphologic correlation. PMID- 35406 TI - The effect of oral thyrotropin-releasing hormone on thyroid function and the composition of breast milk in puerperal women. AB - To determine the effect of oral administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the thyroid function and on the composition of breast milk in the early puerperium, six lactating women were treated with a single dose of 40 mg of synthetic TRH and six women were treated with placebo. Serial serum samples taken before and between one and 25 hours after TRH administration were assayed with specific radioimmunoassays for thyrotropin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and total thyroxine (T4). Milk samples were collected three times a day and their major fatty acids were determined by gas-liquid chromatography and were compared with those obtained from normal lactating women. A statistically significant TSH elevation was observed between one and six hours after TRH administration, with a peak value of 23.7 +/- 10.6 mU/liter at three hours. The T3 concentration rose between three and nine hours after TRH administration, with a peak of 6.3 +/- 1.2 nmole/liter at six hours. The T4 elevation was statistically significant between six and 12 hours after TRH administration. The fatty acid content of milk samples from women treated with TRH did not differ from the normal series. A single daily dose of oral TRH thus caused a temporary thyroid stimulation. It is doubtful whether this could lead to hyperthyroidism since the levels of thyroid hormones became normal within ten hours after TRH administration. PMID- 35407 TI - Cesarean section with regional anesthesia using an extendable epidural block. AB - Epidural analgesia was used for 86 deliveries by cesarean section. The placement of a catheter in the epidural space allowed adjustment of the extent of the block so that supplementary analgesia was required in only six patients. Continuous fetal heart rate monitoring was of practical clinical value, especially in treating maternal hypotension. Symptomatic hypotension was avoided or corrected by the intravenous infusion of Hartmann's solution and by the use of a lateral tilt of the operating table. Eleven patients had a blood pressure of less than 100 mm Hg, and in three of these, there was an adverse effect on the fetal heart trace. PMID- 35408 TI - Bilateral tubal pregnancy in the presence of an IUD: a case report. AB - Bilateral tubal pregnancy was confirmed by histologic examination in a 32-year old multipara with an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) in situ. The patient had developed intraperitoneal bleeding and hypovolemic shock. Bilateral salpingectomy was performed and was followed by a rapid recovery. PMID- 35409 TI - Fibrinolytic activity of menstrual blood in normal and menorrhagic women and in women wearing the Lippes Loop and the Cu-T (200). AB - Assessment was made of the fibrinolytic activity in menstrual and peripheral blood of 30 normally menstruating and 30 menorrhagic patients and of 30 women wearing Lippes Loops and 15 wearing CU-T (200)s. Assessment was performed by measuring the area of lysis on heated and unheated fibrin plates. Also, histochemical identification of fibrin fibrils in the menstrual endometrium was performed by Mallory's phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin method. Results in the normally menstruating group were compared to those of the menorrhagic women, and together these were compared with results in the groups of women wearing intrauterine devices. The fibrinolytic activity in menstrual blood was significantly increased in menorrhagic patients compared to that in normally menstruating patients, but no significant difference was detected in the plasma of either group. The histochemical study of the normally menstruating endometrium revealed dense intravascular and extravascular deposits of fibrin. Less dense intravascular fibrin deposits, but no extravascular ones, were present in the menorrhagic patients. The increase in the fibrinolytic activity of menstrual blood and the decrease in the density of fibrin deposits in the menstrual endometrium of the menorrhagic women were thus associated and were probably involved in the excessive menstrual loss. The fibrinolytic activity of menstrual blood in women wearing Lippes Loops was higher than that in women with Cu-T (200)s and was associated with decreased density of fibrin fibrils in the menstruating endometrium. This may explain the increased blood loss associated with the use of the Lippes Loop. PMID- 35410 TI - Medical termination of pregnancy: public opinion in an urban population. AB - The influence of religion, education and socioeconomic status on opinion regarding medical termination of pregnancy were examined. A random sample of 514 married, urban women was selected. The study revealed that religion, education and economic status influenced the formation of opinion regarding pregnancy termination. The women gave many reasons for considering it beneficial. The most common reasons were that pregnancy termination offered increased opportunities for better education and nutrition. The limitation of family size and elimination of unwanted pregnancies were also noted as needs of the community. PMID- 35411 TI - The fetal alcohol syndrome: some maternal characteristics. AB - The characteristics of eight mothers of ten infants born with typical features of the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) are presented. These chronic alcoholic mothers have poor obstetric histories, tend to have poor or no prenatal care and may repeat pregnancies which result in infants with FAS. Family planning counseling appears unhelpful. PMID- 35412 TI - Gonadal dysgenesis variants in sisters: a hitherto undescribed combination. AB - The term "gonadal dysgenesis" covers a wide spectrum. This case report concerns two sisters with secondary amenorrhea who underwent systematic investigations, including karyotype analysis, tests for serum gonadotropins and laparoscopic gonadal biopsy. The diagnosis in each revealed a combination hitherto underscribed. PMID- 35413 TI - Intrauterine fetal arrhythmia: atrial premature beats. AB - A case of antepartum fetal arrhythmia is reported. The diagnosis of atrial premature beats was confirmed during labor by simultaneous recording of fetal heart rate and fetal electrocardiogram. The possibility of fetal distress during labor was excluded by fetal heart rate and acid-base monitoring. The difficulty of reaching a definitive antepartum diagnosis of the arrhythmia and its significance in relation to fetal well-being are discussed. PMID- 35414 TI - Clonidine in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. AB - Thirty-seven women complaining of hot flushes, sweating and other menopausal symptoms were treated with clonidine. A double-blind crossover trial with placebo controls was undertaken. The clonidine dose was 2 X 0.025 mg/24 hours-0.075 mg/24 hours, increased if necessary at intervals of two weeks. The effect of clonidine did not differ significantly from placebo effect in the treatment of the symptoms. Side effects during clonidine management were slight and no difference was seen in their incidence compared with that in the patients treated with the placebo. A definitive placebo response was perceivable in the decreasing of symptoms. PMID- 35415 TI - Pseudocyesis in infertile patients. AB - In the African population, pseudocyesis is not an uncommon gynecologic disorder. The high premium on childbearing, as well as the deep-rooted cultural belief that children are a "security of old age" and continuation of the family, exposes the infertile woman to constant stress. The social and psychological satisfaction of parenthood is very important in this culture; while, for some patients, perception of the economic implication of children enhances the desire to have children. PMID- 35416 TI - Falope ring application via culdoscopy. AB - This report describes a series of 122 women who were sterilized with Falope ring application via culdoscopy and demonstrates the feasibility of the procedure. PMID- 35417 TI - Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for contraception: a continuing controversy. PMID- 35418 TI - Possible involvement of frontal-cortical catecholamine systems in the regulation of neurotransmitter mechanisms at sub-cortical sites in the rat brain [proceedings]. PMID- 35419 TI - Some properties of L-asparagine synthetase of the L-asparaginase-resistant mouse lymphoma 6C3HED [proceedings]. PMID- 35420 TI - The relationship between proton translocation and cell yields in the facultative methylotroph Pseudomonas AMI and a mutant lacking cytochrome c [proceedings]. PMID- 35421 TI - Alkaline hydrolysis of nuclear proteins [proceedings]. PMID- 35422 TI - An anion-conducting pore in the mitochondrial inner membrane [proceedings]. PMID- 35423 TI - A new steady-state method for investigating mitochondrial proton transport [proceedings]. PMID- 35424 TI - Relationship of the enzymic activity of polyacrylamide-gel-entrapped trypsin to pH [proceedings]. PMID- 35425 TI - A method for estimating standard errors of the mean concentrations of dissociated and undissociated forms of a weak acid in aqueous solution from experimentally determined values of pH and total acid [proceedings]. PMID- 35426 TI - History of Mendelson's syndrome. AB - The history of Mendelson's Syndrome is briefly covered and the current problem of the condition in regard to prevention, amelioration and treatment is discussed. PMID- 35427 TI - A fresh look at magnesium trisilicate. AB - Confusion exists about the correct way to use magnesium trisilicate as an antacid prior to inducing general anaesthesia in the pregnant woman. The effectiveness of two-hourly doses of antacid is discussed with special reference to the rate at which the stomach empties. Consequently, it is important to know whether the patient is in labour and if so the type of analgesic used. Some of the chemical characteristics of Mist. Mag. Trisil. B.P.C. are discussed. It is shown that it is capable of raising the pH of the stomach contents above 3.0 within two minutes in comparatively small doses. Clinically it is shown to be almost completely effective in a large series of patients. Inadequate mixing of the alkali with the stomach contents when it is given as an immediate pre-induction dose leads to a hazard of acid regurgitation when anaesthesia is induced in these patients. PMID- 35428 TI - An antacid comparison trial. AB - A trial is described in which patients going into labour were randomly allocated to treatment with either Andursil or Magnesium Trisilicate Co. Following delivery of the baby the stomach is emptied and the volume and pH are measured. Table 5 summarizes the results of 1106 patients. Andursil was found to be more palatable by patients than was Magnesium Trisilicate Co, but the incidence of nausea and vomiting was similar in the two groups. PMID- 35429 TI - The current role of oral theophylline derivatives in respiratory medicine. A symposium held in: Montreux, Switzerland, 23rd--24th September 1978: proceedings. PMID- 35430 TI - A comparison of slow-release salbutamol with slow-release aminophylline in nocturnal asthma. PMID- 35431 TI - Therapeutics in childhood asthma. AB - The epidemiology and pathogenesis of childhood asthma is discussed, as is the pharmacology of drugs currently used in its control and prevention. Attention is drawn to the importance of adequate parent/child education if the prescribed therapeutic agents are to be used effectively. PMID- 35432 TI - The regulation of pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in newborn rats. PMID- 35433 TI - Intracellular pH controls protein synthesis rate in the sea urchine egg and early embryo. PMID- 35434 TI - Serum levels of pancreatic polypeptide in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and hyperparthyroidism from families with multiple endocrine adenomatosis type I. AB - Mean fasting levels of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) in 24 patients with Zollinger Ellison syndrome (ZES) and in 12 patients with hyperparathyroidism originating from families with multiple endocrine adenomatosis type I (MEAI-HPT) were significantly higher than in 72 normal controls. The overlap between the 3 groups, however, was large. In patients with ZES, increased PP levels were not related to the presence of MEAI or metastases; nor was there a correlation between serum PP and gastrin concentrations. The post-prandial PP release in 10 ZES patients and in 10 patients with MEAI-HPT was lower than in 9 normal controls. The physiological significance of the present findings is unclear. PMID- 35435 TI - Coupled secretion of gastric lipase and pepsin in man following pentagastrin stimulation. AB - Secretion patterns of gastric lipase and pepsin were studied in duodenal ulcer patients before and after vagotomy and in healthy subjects following continuous administration of pentagastrin in graded doses. The lipase output increased in response to pentagastrin stimulation in similar fashion as that of pepsin. The output of the two enzymes were correlated with each other and with hydrogen ion output. Evaluation of dose-response relationships showed that in duodenal ulcer patients the secretion of gastric lipase and pepsin is more sensitive to pentagastrin stimulation than that of hydrogen ions. PMID- 35436 TI - Pulmonary function in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Pulmonary function has been assessed in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and compared with a healthy population. No statistically significant differences were found in the measurements observed within the three groups. PMID- 35437 TI - Abstracts of the meeting of the 'Association Francaise pour l'Etude du Foie'. May 20, 1978, Bordeaux, France. PMID- 35438 TI - [Therapeutic trials in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: ethics, objectives and methodology. A G.R.E.C. cooperative study]. PMID- 35439 TI - [14th research forum of the French National Society of Gastroenterology and 6th meeting of the French Association for Study of the Liver]. PMID- 35440 TI - Physical chemical and technical limitations to intragastric titration. AB - Intragastric titration, introduced in 1973, has become more popular than in the past and is being applied to the study of gastric secretion under a variety of conditions using NaHCO3 and NaOH as titrant. Physical chemical and technical considerations point to limitations on the conditions under which quantitative results can be obtained. At low end point pH, the limitation relates to volume expansion by secretions and titrant. Errors increase exponentially so that at pH 1.11 a 66% error is incurred and at pH 0.93 a 100% error would result. Neutralization with NaHCO3 poses limitations when CO2 is not effectively removed from the stomach, and even at pH 5.5 errors as large as 20% can be incurred. Errors increase markedly at high end point pH. Use of end point pHs above the pKa' of carbonic acid could lead to large amounts of factitious acid secretion if the intralumental contents are in equilibrium with CO2 entering from the gastric wall. There seems no reason that intragastric titration should not be a useful and quantitative method within the end point pH range of 4.0--4.5. In vivo validation of each experimental condition is needed. PMID- 35441 TI - Release of gastric somatostatin-like immunoreactivity during acidification of the duodenal bulb. PMID- 35442 TI - Aspirin-stimulated intestinal electrolyte transport in rabbit ileum in vitro. AB - Because aspirin and the heavy metal salts of related anions have effects on intestinal ion transport and on diarrheal states, we have studied the effect of aspirin (ASA) on the in vitro rabbit ileum in an attempt to understand its mechanism of action. Ten millimolar of aspirin increased the conductance of rabbit ileum by 10--50% but did not change the permselectivity of the shunt path as determined by measurement of diffusion potentials. In Cl-free and HCO3-free solutions, aspirin reduced both Na absorption and the short-circuit current (Isc), which suggests an effect on electrogenic Na transport. Such an effect was not unexpected, since aspirin interferes with ATP production. However, in Ringer solution, aspirin in concentrations as little as 1 mM in the serosal solution reduced the Isc as before but also stimulated Na and Cl absorption and reduced JRnet (? HCO3 secretion) to zero. Aspirin had no effect on Na transport in the absence of Cl and no effect on Cl transport in the absence of Na, which suggests that aspirin stimulated a coupled transport process. Although these effects of ASA resemble those of alpha-adrenergic agents, ASA's effect was not blocked by alpha-adrenergic blockers such as phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine. The exact mechanism of ASA-stimulated NaCl absorption remains to be determined. PMID- 35443 TI - [Telemetric monitoring of delivery when inducing labour by prostaglandin E2 tablets (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on 75 patients in whom labour had been introduced by means of oral administration of prostaglandin E2 tablets (35 patients were controlled at the bedside and 40 patients were monitored telemetrically.) Telemetric monitoring is preferable in oral application of ecbolics, since this entails a saving in ecbolics (4.7 as against 5.4 tablets), regular labour is induced more rapidly (after 57 as against 72 minutes) and total delivery time is shortened (4 hours 24 minutes as against 5 hours 15 minutes). There were no serious side effects neither in the mother nor in the neonate. 6 of the 75 patients complained of slight gastrointestinal side effects. The Apgar scores and pH levels of the children were in the normal range. The post-partum period was identical in both groups, namely, 11 minutes. PMID- 35444 TI - Interactions of ionophores (A23187 and X-537A) with sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 35445 TI - Activation of frog epidermis tyrosinase by immobilization on a solid support. PMID- 35447 TI - International Conference on Molecular and Cellular Models of Aging. Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 5-7 April 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 35446 TI - Vertebrate neuropeptide-like substances in the suboesophageal ganglion of two insects: Locusta migratoria R. and F. (Orthoptera) and Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera). Immunocytological investigation. PMID- 35449 TI - Effect of human placental lactogen upon the human corpus luteum of late pregnancy. AB - To acertain whether human placental lactogen (HPL) functions as a luteotropin during pregnancy in humans, studies were performed to determine if receptors for HPL are present in cells of the human corpus luteum of late pregnancy. Preparations of 125I-HPL which demonstrated specific binding to late pregnant rabbit mammary gland cell homogenates showed specific binding of less than 2.5% to homogenates of human corpora lutea of late pregnancy. These studies indicate that HPL is not luteotropic at this stage of pregnancy in humans. The action of HPL upon the corpus luteum appears to vary considerably according to species. PMID- 35448 TI - Postprandial gastric function in pancreatic insufficiency. AB - Abnormalities in postprandial gastric function could contribute to the maldigestion of pancreatic insufficiency. To measure simultaneously postprandial gastric secretion and emptying and correlate these measurements with intraluminal duodenal changes, we performed intestinal intubation and duodenal perfusion during feeding of a solid-liquid test meal in 10 healthy controls and 10 patients with documented pancreatic insufficiency before and after replacement therapy. In pancreatic insufficiency, intraduodenal pH was significantly decreased late in the postprandial period while simultaneously measured duodenal acid loads were normal, confirming that reduced bicarbonate output rather than increased acid delivery was responsible for higher duodenal acidity in these patients. Significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in postprandial acid, pepsin, and total secretory outputs were noted in untreated patients only during the first postprandial hour. Absolute gastric emptying rates were lower in patients (P less than 0.05) than in healthy subjects, but fractional rates of emptying were similar. Fasting and postprandial hypergastrinaemia were consistently observed in the patients with pancreatic disease. There are postprandial disturbances of secretory function but no primary gastric motor defect in patients with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. PMID- 35450 TI - Analgesic dependence leading to intoxication--a report of five cases. PMID- 35451 TI - Production of [3H]patulin of high specific activity. PMID- 35452 TI - [Pneumonia and immunization. Report on the symposium in Zurich on January 13, 1979]. PMID- 35453 TI - [The effect of nitrates, beta blockaders and revascularization on myocardial circulation in patients with coronary heart disease (proceedings)]. PMID- 35454 TI - Urinary growth hormone in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 35455 TI - NADPH generating enzymes in Leydig cells from diabetic rats. AB - Impaired testosterone biosynthesis in Leydig cells from streptozotocin treated rats is correlated with the reduced activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. The results shown demonstrate that in the diabetic state the activity of these enzymes is reduced by almost 50 to 59% from normal levels. Insulin treatment restored their activities to normal levels. The diminished supply of NADPH in diabetic interstitial tissue is not the unique factor in the control of steroidogenesis, since the availability of large amounts of exogenous NADPH in the incubations of Leydig cell did not reduce the differences in testosterone synthesis observed when compared with normal cells. PMID- 35456 TI - 30. Mosbacher Kolloquium der Gesellschaft fur Biologische Chemie. Biological functions of proteinases. April 26th--28th, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 35457 TI - The effects of season and temperature on D-lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and arginine kinase in the foot of Helix pomatia L. AB - The effects of pH, season, environmental and experimental temperatures on the activities and kinetic parameters of D-lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and arginine kinase from the foot of the pulmonate snail Helix pomatia were analyzed. Both in phosphate and Tris buffers D-lactate dehydrogenase was the enzyme with the most acid maximum, arginine kinase that with the most alkaline, whilst pyruvate kinase occupied an intermediate position. Pyruvate kinase activity, measured at 20 degrees C, was positively correlated with the environmental temperature at the moment of collecting the animal, whereas neither arginine kinase nor D-lactate dehydrogenase showed such a relationship. A seasonal study based on approximately 100 specimens established that arginine kinase activity remained the same throughout the year. Pyruvate kinase activity was slightly lower, and D-lactate dehydrogenase activity significantly higher, in winter than in summer animals. Snails subjected in spring to a short warm-up period before enzyme extraction showed extreme variability and some extraordinarily high values of pyruvate kinase activity, suggesting that either season or elevated temperature may have an immediate effect on the activity of this enzyme. Individual variability of all three enzymes ranges from 300 to 400%. The activities of pyruvate kinase and D-lactate dehydrogenase are strongly correlated in summer, forming a "constant-proportion-group", whereas in winter, with D lactate dehydrogenase activity increasing and pyruvate kinase activity decreasing these two enzymes become "uncoupled". The Km value of pyruvate kinase is independent of experimental temperature between 10 and 25 degrees C, whereas that of D-lactate dehydrogenase and arginine kinase increases about three-fold within this range. Thus the temperature relationship of a single enzymic reaction cannot be used as an arguemnt for or against the occurrence of temperature compensation of whole animal metabolism. The possibility of modulation of enzyme activity by environmental temperature is discussed. PMID- 35458 TI - Increasing regulation appears as cause for future lawsuits, hospital lawyers' group told. PMID- 35459 TI - Health planning agencies must document results, Foley says. PMID- 35460 TI - Duke Forum focuses on productivity and market efficiency. PMID- 35461 TI - Induction of anti-phosphorylcholine antibodies of restricted heterogeneity in rabbits. PMID- 35462 TI - Preparation of an active Fd fragment by cyanogen bromide cleavage of an IgG heavy chain from a homogeneous rabbit antibody. PMID- 35463 TI - Immunosupression of the primary and secondary immune response by an IgM plasmacytoma (TEPC-183). AB - Previously we had established that TEPC-183 IgM(K) suppressed the primary immune response (IR) to both the T-dependent antigens 2,4-dinitrophenyl-haemocyanin (DNP HCY) and T-independent pneumococcal polysaccharides. In the current investigation, the effect of TEPC-183 on an ongoing immune response to SS-III and DNP-HCY was examined. It was found that when TEPC-183 was injected 6 days after the initial antigen injection, at the height of the primary IR, the response was significantly suppressed to SS-III and to the DNP ligand. In addition, suppression of the secondary IR occurred when mice were injected with tumour as late as 35 days after the first antigen injection. Tumour removal lifted the immunosuppression to DNP and the tumour-removed group had a similar number of both direct and indirect anti-DNP-PFC, although HA levels were still reduced. When mice were pretreated with serum from normal mice or serum or ascites from TEPC-183 bearing mice, one day prior to and on the day of antigen injection, the immune response to DNP was reduced by TEPC-183 serum but not by normal mouse serum (NMS), while the anti-SSS-III response was reduced by both NMS and TEPC-183 serum. Thus, NMS selectively suppressed the T-independent response, but only TEPC 183 serum suppressed both types of responses. The suppressive effect of serum on the IR of normal mice indicates a role for soluble regulatory suppressive factors present in the serum of normal and tumour-bearing mice. The data are consistent with the idea that the tumour exerts its effect on the inductive as well as the proliferative phase of the immune response. PMID- 35464 TI - Augmentation of immune responses after methotrexate administration. AB - A single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg methotrexate (MTX) has been found to increase the immune reactivity of spleen cells from (C57B1/6 X DBA/2)F1 mice. Five days after injection, spleen cells from MTX-treated mice exhibited greater PHA responsiveness and GvH reactivity, and mice given SRBC at this time developed greater than normal direct PFC responses. This pattern of effects of MTX was particularly evident in mice that had been given high doses of BCG intravenously 14 days before testing, a treatment that generally depressed the measured activities. MTX enhancement of GvH was also observed in mice that had been depleted of short-lived T lymphocytes by adult thymectomy. We suggest that MTX sensitive cells possible exert, particularly in BCG-treated mice, a suppressive action on the responding cells. PMID- 35465 TI - Some observations on human semen analysis. AB - Semen analysis of 66 unmarried medical students in the age group of 17-21 years was carried out. A higher liquefaction time pH, motility, lower sperm count and abnormal forms were observed compared to reported values. Liquefaction time, pH and sperm count was found significantly different in non-vegetarians and vegetarians, perhaps due to difference in their dietary proteins. PMID- 35466 TI - Modification of hexobarbitone sodium-induced hynosis in mice by beta adrenergic receptor blocking agents. PMID- 35467 TI - Antiarrhythmic action of metiamide in experimental cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 35469 TI - Eosinophil chemotactic factor. Release from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils by arachidonic acid. AB - An eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) can be released from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils by arachidonic acid (AA), its methyl ester, but not by other derivatives such as AA ethyl ester and arachidonyl acetate. The ECF is highly specific for eosinophils and does not attract polymorphonuclear neutrophils. A dose-dependent non-cytotoxic ECF release induced by AA can be obtained from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils from a lymphocyte-monocyte basophil suspension, from rat basophil leukemia cells, but not from human lymphocytes. Kinetic studies demonstrate that ECF release occurs rapidly with an early rise and steep fall-off at later times of secretion. The amount of ECF release is dependent on pH, temperature and medium which is used for stimulation. Gel filtration analysis as well as subcellular fractionation studies suggest that the AA-induced ECF is a biological activity either distinct from AA and its split products or representing a known or unknown conversion product of AA with potent effects on eosinophils at minimal concentrations. AA may therefore represent an important mechanism of cell activation. PMID- 35468 TI - Neutrophil function and host resistance. AB - The part played by the phagocytic cells against invading pathogens has been known since the work of Metchnikoff nearly a century ago. This review deals primarily with the role of the neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocyte in host defense against microbial infections. The overall function of these cells in protection from infection is dependent on a number of steps. First, an adequate number of functionally mature neutrophils have to be produced and released into the circulation by the bone marrow. Cells must circulate normally and be capable of adhering to capillary and venule walls overlying inflammatory sites. The next step involves the exit of phagocytes from the blood stream through the capillary wall and emigration into the tissues to establish contact with the invading pathogens. This process is accomplished by the locomotive characteristics of these cells and chemotaxis. Most organisms must then be phagocytized to be killed. Two discrete phases are involved in phagocytosis; the "recognition" and attachment phase followed by the ingestion phase. After phagocytosis a series of coordinated morphologic and biochemical events are set into motion which leads to eventual death and lysis of the ingested microbes. A variety of antimicrobial mechanisms are involved in this final step and indicate that these cells have an appreciable reserve capacity if one mechanism is impaired. Recent evidence which clarifies mechanisms involved in all these stages is discussed. PMID- 35470 TI - Abstracts of the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Biometeorology, Sapporo, 27-28 January 1977. PMID- 35471 TI - Evidence for circadian rhythmicity in guanyl cyclase of the rat intestinal epithelial cell. AB - The activity of the enzyme, guanyl cyclase, associated with the rat intestinal brush border membrane, has an endogenous circadian rhythm which is observed in the absence of oral intermittent feeding and of a dark period. This rhythm is cued by the feeding schedule but is essentially unaffected by a light-dark cycle. PMID- 35472 TI - [Tumor producing effect of psychopharmaceuticals from the standpoint of toxicology]. PMID- 35473 TI - [Incidence of tumors during neuroleptic treatment]. PMID- 35474 TI - [First application of tablet form bromperidol in man with particular consideration of tolerance]. PMID- 35475 TI - [Toxicologic studies on butyrophenone neuroleptics and related substances]. PMID- 35476 TI - [Report on an open investigation on bromperidol, a neuroleptic of the butyrophenone series]. PMID- 35477 TI - [Tolerance of bromperidol in long term application]. PMID- 35478 TI - [Neuroleptic potency of bromperidol]. PMID- 35479 TI - [Introductory words to the exchange of results on the clinical effects of bromperidol. Results of open and double blind research]. PMID- 35480 TI - [The use of bromperidol in an open study]. PMID- 35481 TI - [Results of a double blind study with bromperidol and perphenazine]. PMID- 35482 TI - [Cycle disturbances, galactorrhea and prolactin]. PMID- 35483 TI - [Closing word]. PMID- 35484 TI - The effects of X-irradiation on lens reducing systems. AB - Studies have been made of the effects of X-ray on various lens reducing systems, including the levels of NADPH and glutathione (GSH), the activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) and of certain enzymes, including GSH reductase, GSH peroxidase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PG). It was found that during several weeks following X-irradiation but prior to cataract formation, there was very little change in the number of reduced -SH groups per unit weight of lens protein but that, with the appearance of cataract, there was a sudden loss of protein -SH groups. In contrast, the concentration of GSH in the X-rayed lens decreased throughout the experimental period. Similarly, the concentration of NADPH in the X-rayed lens was found to decrease significantly relative to controls 1 week prior to cataract formation, and the ratio of NADPH to NADP+ in the lens shifted at this time period from a value greater than 1.0 in the control lens to less than 1.0 in the X-rayed lens. A corresponding decrease occurred in the activity of the HMS in X-rayed lenses as measured by culture in the presence of 1-14C-labeled glucose, G-6-PD was partially inactivated in the X-rayed lens. Of the eight enzymes studied, G-6-PD appeared to be the most sensitive to X irradiation. The data indicate that X-irradiation results in a steady decrease in the effectiveness of lens reducing systems and that when these systems reach a critically low point, sudden oxidation of protein -SH groups and formation of high-molecular-weight protein aggregates may be initiated. PMID- 35485 TI - Interaction of hemoglobin with membrane lipids: a source of pathological phenomena. AB - The binding of hemoglobin to phosphatidylserine liposomes was studied by Hb quenching of the fluorescence intensity of 12-(9-anthroyl) stearic acid embedded in the lipid membrane. The interaction is basically electrostatic. Hb A2 interacts more strongly than Hb A. The binding always includes an irreversible fraction. Interaction of Hb with normal red blood cell membranes was studied with the same technique. The main difference between the two systems is that the binding of Hb to the inner surface of the red cell membrane is based on the interaction of Hb with the membrane proteins and is reversible. The inner side of the red blood cell membrane is composed of phosphatidylserine lipids but these are normally masked by membrane proteins. In cases where Hb A2 is higher or when membrane lipids are abnormally exposed, Hb might interact irreversibly with the lipid layer and distort the membrane. PMID- 35486 TI - [The bacterial flora of preputial space]. AB - The bacterial flora of the preputial space of 210 healthy males (43 children aged between 2 and 11 years, 137 males between 12 and 60 years and 30 men over 60 years) was determined by smears and cultueres from glans penis, sulcus coronarius and the adjacent prepuce. The results were grouped according to various criteria, e.g. glans covered or uncovered and age of males. Differences in the distribution of germs could be found in relationship to age. In the case of an uncovered glans penis the presence of microbial flora corresponds to the grampositive saprophytic bacteria in areas rich in sebaceous glands. In the case of a covered glans the density of microorganisms increases. Prevalent are gramnegative anaerobes, especially Bacterioides melaninogenicus, also enterococci, enterobacteria and coagulase-positive staphylococci. PMID- 35487 TI - [Reticuloses and lymphomas of the skin from the present viewpoint]. PMID- 35488 TI - Comparison of kinetic and end-point microdensitometry for the direct quantitative histochemical assessment of cytochrome oxidase activity. AB - Cytochrome oxidase activity has been assessed by a method of kinetic microdensitometry which involves applying tissue sections to gel films containing phenylamine substrates and measuring the rate of azine dye production by continuously recording the rate of change in extinction. Optimum conditions for the technique were defined, and the results compared with those obtained by conventional end-point microdensitometry in which sections are incubated in histochemical substrate solutions and azine dye production estimated by a single measurement of extinction at the end of the incubation period. When compared with biochemically-determined enzyme activity, kinetic microdensitometry gave a better index of the proportionate activity of cytochrome oxidase in various normal tissues than did end-point microdensitometry. In addition, the degree of inhibition of cytochrome oxidase activity in tissues removed from cyanide poisoned animals was assessed more reliably by kinetic microdensitometry than by end-point measurements. With end-point microdensitometry, the reaction is non linear over the comparatively long incubation times required and there is also a spontaneous reactivation of cyanide-inhibited cytochrome oxidase during incubation and thus a progressively increased rate of substrate utilization. In contrast, with kinetic microdensitometry the initial linear reaction rate is measured before significant reactivation occurs. Kinetic microdensitometry can be used for direct dynamic quantitation of enzyme activity in tissues or cells; it may be a valuable technique for quantitative histochemical confirmation or extension of biochemical studies; and it appears to be a reliable direct quantitative histochemical method for investigating in vivo inhibition of enzyme activity, where spontaneous reactivation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex may occur. PMID- 35489 TI - Oxidative enzymes and myosin-ATPase in the trunk musculature of the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis). AB - The distribution and activities of several oxidative enzymes and of myosin-ATPase have been studied in the trunk musculature of the river lamprey. The strongest activity of oxidative enzymes and of myosin-ATPase was shown by the parietal fibre bundles of the myotomal subunits, whilst the central fibres reacted to a lesser extent. Pre-incubation of sections in media containing formaldehyde and glycine or with buffers of different pH, followed by incubation for myosin ATPase, also differentiated the muscle fibres into a specific distribution pattern within the myotomes, resembling that of the oxidative enzymes to some extent. The parietal fibres were found to be of the slow type (type I) and the cental fibres to be fast (type II A). PMID- 35490 TI - Rehabilitation difficulties: the patient with myocardial infarction. PMID- 35491 TI - Evaluation of treatment with respect to radiotherapy: carcinoma of the oesophagus. PMID- 35492 TI - First case in the literature: lymphomatoid granulomatosis presenting as an abdominal mass. PMID- 35493 TI - Malignant schwannoma of the brachial plexus. PMID- 35494 TI - Officers of County Medical Societies 1979. PMID- 35495 TI - Surgical grand rounds. case report: trauma. PMID- 35496 TI - Simple, accurate equations for human blood O2 dissociation computations. AB - Hill's equation can be slightly modified to fit the standard human blood O2 dissociation curve to within plus or minus 0.0055 fractional saturation (S) from O less than S less than 1. Other modifications of Hill's equation may be used to compute Po2 (Torr) from S (Eq. 2), and the temperature coefficient of Po2 (Eq. 3). Variations of the Bohr coefficient with Po2 are given by Eq. 4. S = (((Po2(3) + 150 Po2)(-1) x 23,400) + 1)(-1) (1) In Po2 = 0.385 In (S-1 - 1)(-1) + 3.32 - (72 S)(-1) - 0.17(S6) (2) DELTA In Po2/delta T = 0.058 ((0.243 X Po2/100)(3.88) + 1)(-1) + 0.013 (3) delta In Po2/delta pH = (Po2/26.6)(0.184) - 2.2 (4) Procedures are described to determine Po2 and S of blood iteratively after extraction or addition of a defined amount of O2 and to compute P50 of blood from a single sample after measuring Po2, pH, and S. PMID- 35497 TI - Creative learning experience for student nurses. PMID- 35498 TI - The process of developing a nursing intervention model. PMID- 35499 TI - Current trends in the use of conceptual frameworks in nursing education. PMID- 35500 TI - Assessing clinical performance: a model for competency. PMID- 35501 TI - Introducing independent study into the nursing curriculum. PMID- 35502 TI - Selection procedures and attrition. PMID- 35503 TI - Curriculum consistency. PMID- 35504 TI - How to increase clinical learning opportunities in a psychiatric nursing setting. PMID- 35505 TI - Abdominal cryptorchidectomy in the horse, using inguinal extension of the gubernaculum testis. AB - Removal of abdominal testes was accomplished in 32 horses ranging in age from 6 to 72 months. Twenty were unilateral and 12 were bilateral abdominal cryptorchids. An incision was made over the superficial inguinal ring, and the extension of the gubernaculum testis was identified and grasped with forceps. Traction was applied to this structure until the vaginal process was everted beyond the superficial inguinal ring. The vaginal process was incised and the protruding structure, usually the epididymis, was grasped. The testis was drawn out by gentle traction on the epididymis, and castration was performed in the routine manner. PMID- 35507 TI - Proceedings of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. November 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 35506 TI - Simultaneous localization of LHRH and catecholamines in rat hypothalamus. AB - The PAP unlabelled antibody enzyme method of Sternberger was used for the histochemical demonstration of LHRH and the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the hypothalamus of the adult male and pregnant female rat. The sections for light and electron microscopy were serially treated with normal goat serum, LHRH antiserum and/or TH antiserum, goat anti-rabbit IgG, PAP complex and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) or 4-Cl-1-naphtol. LHRH-positive cell bodies were discernible in the medial preoptic area. The LHRH-positive terminals were densely localized in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and in the perivascular region of the median eminence (PVME). Dopamine (DA)-positive cell groups (TH-positive perikarya) were discernible in the arcuate nucleus, and its terminals were densely localized in the PVME. The simultaneous identification of LHRH and DA in the distinctive neuronal system of the median eminence was possible with the PAP double staining technique, in which LHRH is revealed as a brown precipitate with DAB, and TH is revealed as a blue reaction product with naphtol. The LHRH neuronal system did not contain TH and vice versa. The ultrastructural study revealed that LHRH was localized in large vesicles with a diameter of 100 nm within the axon terminals, while TH was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, the neurotubules and small vesicles with a diameter of 50 nm within the DA neuron. The axo-axonic contact of LHRH and DA terminals was demonstrated in close proximity to portal vessels, suggesting the synaptic influence of DA on the release of LHRH into these vessels. PMID- 35508 TI - Mammalian and microbial cell-free conversion of anthracycline antibiotics and analogs. AB - Cell-free preparations of Streptomyces nogalater and rat liver catalyze reduced pyridine nucleotide dependent conversion of nogalamycin to 7-deoxynogalarol and nogalose (Scheme 1). The mammalian process requires TPNH and has a specific activity of 85 nmoles of 7-deoxynogalarol formed per hour per mg of protein while the bacterial process prefers DPNH and has a specific activity of 5. The oxygen sensitive conversions have pH optima of 7.5 (rat) and 9 (S. nogalater). Other anthracycline substrates converted to their 7-deoxyaglycones by both systems include nogamycin, 7(R)-O-methylnogarol, 7(R)-O-methylnogalarol, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), steffimycin, and steffimycin B. PMID- 35509 TI - Effect of storage at 1 degree and 4 degrees C on viability and injury of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis. PMID- 35510 TI - The antibacterial properties of sodium dichloroisocyanurate and sodium hypochlorite formulations. PMID- 35511 TI - The burn-out syndrome. PMID- 35512 TI - Enzymes of agmatine degradation and the control of their synthesis in Klebsiella aerogenes. AB - The degradation of agmatine to succinate by Klebsiella aerogenes occurs in five steps. The enzyme catalyzing the first step, agmatinase, is induced by agmatine. The enzymes catalyzing the second and third steps, putrescine aminotransferase and 4-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase, are induced by putrescine and also by their product, 4-aminobutyrate. The enzymes catalyzing the fourth and fifth steps, 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase and succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, are induced by 4-aminobutyrate. This compound also serves as gratuitous inducer of the catabolic acetylornithine aminotransferase. The formation of the enzymes responsible for agmatine degradation is regulated not only by induction, but also by catabolite repression and activation by glutamine synthetase. PMID- 35513 TI - Morphology-associated expression nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase in Mucorracemosus. AB - The in vivo regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was studied in Mucor racemosus as a function of nutritional conditions and morphological state. Both nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)-dependent GDH activities were found. The effect of carbon and nitrogen source on the specific activity of the NAD-dependent GDH suggests that its role is primarily catabolic. The NAD-dependent activity was generally an order of magnitude greater in mycelial cells than in yeast-phase cells grown on the same medium. During yeast-to-hyphal morphogenesis the increase in NAD dependent activity preceded the appearance of hyphal cells both under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Exogenous dibutyryl-cyclic AMP prevented the increase in NAD-dependent GDH concomitantly with the suppression of morphological differentiation. The NADP-dependent activity did not change appreciably during morphogenesis. PMID- 35514 TI - Single-stranded regions in Streptococcus pneumoniae chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid and their relation to transformation. AB - Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in lysates of both completent and noncompetent streptococcus pneumoniae cells was characterized by chromatography on benzoylated, naphthoylated diethylaminoethyl-cellulose columns, by sensitivity to Aspergillus oryzae S1 endonuclease, and by sucrose gradient analysis. The DNAs from both competent and noncompetent cells were found to contain similar extents of single-stranded regions. These single-stranded regions appeared to be intact, unpaired regions in double-stranded DNA rather than gaps, nicks, or unpaired ends in the DNA. Inhibition of cells with rifampin prior to lysis increased the amount of such single strandedness in the DNA. Lysates made at various times after [14C]thymidine-labeled cells had bound [3H]thymidine-labeled transforming DNA were also characterized by benzoylated, naphthoylated diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography. Changes in the elution profiles of DNA from cells exposed to homospecific (S. pneumoniae) donor DNA were indicative of the formation of complexes between donor DNA and the single-stranded regions of recipient DNA. In contrast, profiles of DNA from cells exposed to heterospecific (S. sanguis) DNA did not show significant changes, indicating that few such donor-recipient complexes were formed during heterospecific transformation. PMID- 35515 TI - Relation between the adenylylation state of glutamine synthetase and the expression of other genes involved in nitrogen metabolism. AB - We have partially characterized the biochemical parameters of glutamine synthetase from Klebsiella pneumoniae and have shown that the differential affinity of adenylylated and unadenylylated glutamine synthetase for adenosine diphosphate provides a convenient means of determining the adenylylation state. Using this assay procedure, we examined the relationship between the adenylylation state and the expression of other genes involved in nitrogen assimilation. We observed no correlation between the adenylylation state and the expression of histidase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and urease in aerobic cultures. PMID- 35516 TI - NgoII, a restriction endonuclease from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - EndoR . NgoII, a class II restriction endonuclease isolated from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. We were able to separate it from another restriction endonuclease of N. gonorrhoeae, NgoI, by phosphocellulose chromatography. NgoII is an isoschizomer of HaeIII, a restriction endonuclease of Haemophilus aegyptius, and was found to recognize the deoxyribonucleic acid nucleotide base sequence GGCC. NgoII was able to digest phage lambda deoxyribonucleic acid over a wide pH range, with optimal activity at pH 8.5. The enzyme has an absolute requirement for Mg2+; maximal enzyme activity was observed at 1 mM Mg2+. The active enzyme has a molecular weight of 65,000 and appears to be composed of six subunits of identical molecular weight (11,000). No methylase activity could be detected in the purified enzyme preparation. PMID- 35517 TI - Regulation of glutamate dehydrogenases in nit-2 and am mutants of Neurospora crassa. AB - The regulation of the glutamate dehydrogenases was investigated in wild-type Neurospora crassa and two classes of mutants altered in the assimilation of inorganic nitrogen, as either nitrate or ammonium. In the wild-type strain, a high nutrient carbon concentration increased the activity of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-glutamate dehydrogenase and decreased the activity of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)-glutamate dehydrogenase. A high nutrient nitrogen concentration had the opposite effect, increasing NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase and decreasing NADPH-glutamate dehydrogenase. The nit-2 mutants, defective in many nitrogen-utilizing enzymes and transport systems, exhibited low enzyme activities after growth on a high sucrose concentration: NADPH-glutamate dehydrogenase activity was reduced 4-fold on NH(4)Cl medium, and NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase, 20-fold on urea medium. Unlike the other affected enzymes of nit-2, which are present only in basal levels, the NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase activity was found to be moderately enhanced when cells were grown on a low carbon concentration. This finding suggests that the control of this enzyme in nit-2 is hypersensitive to catabolite repression. The am mutants, which lack NADPH-glutamate dehydrogenase activity, possessed basal levels of NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase activity after growth on urea or l-aspartic acid media, like the wild-type strain, and possessed moderate levels (although three- to fourfold lower than the wild-type strain) on l asparagine medium or l-aspartic acid medium containing NH(4)Cl. These regulatory patterns are identical to those of the nit-2 mutants. Thus, the two classes of mutants exhibit a common defect in NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase regulation. Double mutants of nit-2 and am had lower NADH-glutamate dehydrogenase activities than either parent. A carbon metabolite is proposed to be the repressor of NADH glutamate dehydrogenase in N. crassa. PMID- 35518 TI - Derepression of nitrogenase activity in glutamine auxotrophs of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - In contrast to wild-type cells, glutamine auxotrophs of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata synthesize nitrogenase, produce H2 (catalyzed by nitrogenase), and continue to reduce dinitrogen to ammonia in the presence of exogenous NH4+. The glutamine synthetase activity of such mutants is less than 2% of that observed in the wild type. It appears that glutamine synthetase plays a significant role in regulation of nitrogenase synthesis in R. capsulata. PMID- 35519 TI - Combined use of strain construction and affinity chromatography in the rapid, high-yield purification of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. AB - A rapid, high-yield method for purification of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli K-12 is described. Sonic extracts prepared from heat induced cultures of strain RW184, doubly lysogenic for the specialized transducing bacteriophage lambdacI857St68h80dgndhis and bearing a deletion of the gene for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, contained levels of 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase 15- to 20-fold higher than cultures of wild-type cells. Affinity chromatography on blue dextran-Sepharose with batchwise elution with 1 mM nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate affected a further 10-fold purification. Enzyme prepared in this manner was homogeneous according to electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and immunoelectrophoresis using antiserum directed against it. Fructose 1,6 diphosphate is an inhibitor of enzyme activity. PMID- 35520 TI - Respiration-linked proton transport, changes in external pH, and membrane energization in cells of Escherichia coli. AB - The kinetics of respiration-dependent proton efflux and membrane energization have been studied in intact cells of logarithmic-phase Escherichia coli. Parallel measurements of the rate and extent of proton efflux into the external medium (half-time, about 10 s; ratio of H(+) to O, about 0.5) and the oxidation of E. coli cytochrome b (half-time, (-)-epinephrine > (-) norepinephrine; alprenolol approximately propranolol >> phentolamine = aloperidol; and (-) isomers of both agonists and antagonists 10-100 times more potent than (+) isomers]. A portion of the [(3)H]dihydroalprenolol binding antibodies could be specifically adsorbed onto purified frog erythrocyte membranes, whereas Xenopus and human erythrocyte membranes, both of which are almost devoid of beta-adrenergic receptors, were ineffective in adsorbing [(3)H]dihydroalprenolol binding antibodies. We suggest that the likely immunogen was a beta-adrenergic receptor-isoproterenol complex and that immunization with drugs noncovalently bound to their receptors might be a means of raising antibodies to biologically active otherwise nonimmunogenic small molecules. Such antibodies, whose specificity mimics that of a receptor, should also provide useful models for the study of the structure of the receptor binding sites. PMID- 36616 TI - Genetic variation and relative catalytic efficiencies: lactate dehydrogenase B allozymes of Fundulus heteroclitus. AB - In order to evaluate whether functional differences exist between allelic variants of a B type lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; L-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) in the teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus (Linnaeus), the kinetic properties of pyruvate reduction were examined. While the pH dependence and the temperature dependence for maximal catalysis were indistinguishable among the allozymes, reaction velocities at low pyruvate concentrations were significantly different. At pH values below 8.00, the LDH-BbBb allozyme showed a greater reaction rate at lower temperatures (e.g., 10 degrees C) than LDH-BaBa. The phenomenon was reversed at higher temperatures (e.g., greater than 25 degrees C) for pH values between 6.50 and 7.00. The rates for the heterozygous phenotype, LDH-BaBb, were not the arithmetic average of the two homotetrameric allozymes. When reaction rates were compared at constant relative alkalinity, that is, a constant [OH-]/[H+] ratio, the findings were similar. The differences in the temperature dependence and the pH dependence for pyruvate reduction found between the LDH-B allozymes may reflect a selective adaptation and help explain the geographical variation in the Ldh-B gene frequencies of F. heteroclitus. PMID- 36617 TI - From extracellular to intracellular: the establishment of a symbiosis. AB - The colonization of host cells by modern symbionts is surveyed. The morphological distinction between extracellular and intracellular symbionts is not sharp, and the various kinds of association can be arranged in a graded series of increasing morphological integration of the symbiont into the host cell. Apart from some aggressive parasitic infections, the great majority of symbionts are enclosed by a host membrane in a vacuole. Those not enclosed in a host vacuole usually cannot be cultivated outside the cell. It is therefore surmised that encirclement by a vacuolar membrane would only disappear, if at all, in the later stages of the evolution of intracellular symbiosis. Recognition mechanisms between host and symbiont occur, but have been little studied. In some associations, recognition at surface contact occurs, and there is evidence for the involvement of lectins in certain cases. In other associations, recognition may occur wholly or in part after the entry of symbiont into host cells. After entry, special mechanisms for the biotrophic transfer of nutrients from symbiont to host develop. Both the symbiont population size and its rate of increase are strictly regulated by the host cell; symbiont metabolism may be controlled likewise. Rates of evolution of intracellular symbionts are probably very rapid, owing in part to responses of the host cell to its symbiont. PMID- 36618 TI - Regulation of numbers of intracellular algae. AB - Members of three classes of unicellular algae have exploited an intracellular habitat and occur as endosymbionts in aquatic invertebrates, including Protozoa. Such associations manifest a range of host--symbiont cellular interactions and achieve stability through the regulation of symbiont numbers. The mechanism of regulation is poorly understood. Steady-state algae:host cell ratios might be achieved by expulsion, digestion, or inhibition of growth of algal symbionts. Digestion and expulsion have been observed directly in some associations but their role in regulating numbers is circumstantial. Inhibition of growth as a result of nutrient limitation or inhibitor secretion is an attractive, but inadequately tested, hypothesis. The relation between the host cell mitosis and algal proliferation is a potential focal point for further study. PMID- 36619 TI - The interactions of intracellular Protista and their host cells, with special reference to heterotrophic organisms. AB - Intracellular genera are found in all the major groups of Protista, but are particularly common among the dinoflagellates, trypanosomatid zooflagellates and suctorian ciliates; the Sporozoa are nearly all intracellular at some stage of their life, and the Microspora entirely so. Intracellular forms can dwell in the nucleus, within phagosomal or other vacuoles or may lie free in the hyaloplasm of their host cells. Organisms tend to select their hosts from a restricted taxonomic range although there are some notable exceptions. There is also great variation in the types of host cell inhabited. There are various reasons for both host and cell selectivity including recognition phenomena at the cell surfaces. Invasion of host cells is usually preceded by surface interactions with the invader. Some organisms depend upon phagocytosis for entry, but others induce host cells to engulf them by non-phagocytic means or invade by microinjection through the host plasma membrane. Protista avoid lysosomal destruction by their resistance to enzyme attack, by surrounding themselves with lysosome-inhibiting vacuoles, by escaping from the phagosomal system into the hyaloplasm and by choosing host cells which lack lysosomes. Nutrition of intracellular heterotrophic organisms involves some degree of competition with the host cell's metabolism as well as erosion of host cell cytoplasm. In Plasmodium infections, red cells are made more permeable to required nutrients by the action of the parasite on the host cell membrane. The parasite is often dependent upon the host cell for complex nutrients which it cannot synthesize for itself. Intracellular forms often profoundly modify the structure and metabolism of the host cell or interfere with its growth and multiplication. This may result in the final lysis of the host cell at the end of the intracellular phase or before the infection of other cells. Certain types of intracellular organisms may have arisen initially as forms attached to the cell surface of digestive or other organs, but the intracellular habit appears to have arisen independently in several groups of Protista. PMID- 36620 TI - From extracellular to intracellular: the establishment of mitochondria and chloroplasts. AB - Paracoccus and Rhodopseudomonas are unusual among bacteria in having a majority of the biochemical features of mitochondria; blue-green algae have many of the features of chloroplasts. The theory of serial endosymbiosis proposes that a primitive eukaryote successively took up bacteria and blue-green algae to yield mitochondria and chloroplasts respectively. Possible characteristics of transitional forms are indicated both by the primitive amoeba, Pelomyxa, which lacks mitochondria but contains a permanent population of endosymbiotic bacteria, and by several anomalous eukaryotic algae, e.g. Cyanophora, which contain cyanelles instead of chloroplasts. Blue-green algae appear to be obvious precursors of red algal chloroplasts but the ancestry of other chloroplasts is less certain, though the epizoic symbiont, Prochloron, may resemble the ancestral green algal chloroplast. We speculate that the chloroplasts of the remaining algae may have been a eukaryotic origin. The evolution or organelles from endosymbiotic precursors would involve their integration with the host cell biochemically, structurally and numerically. PMID- 36621 TI - Possible evolutionary significance of spirochaetes. AB - Large symbiotic spirochaetes of the family Pillotaceae (e.g. pillotinas) are found in dry wood and subterranean termites (Hollande & Garagozlou 1967). These morphologically distinctive spirochaetes comprise several genera. Some of them contain microtubules within their protoplasmic cylinders. They demonstrate a variety of relations with their termite and protist hosts. Some are free-living within the lumen of the intestine, some tend to be associated with filamentous and other bacteria, some are found regularly coursing between the numerous undulipodia ( = eukaryotic flagella, cilia, and other (9 + 2) organelles of motility) of hypermastigotes and polymastigotes. Still other smaller termite spirochaetes are regularly attached to protists via specialized attachment sites. Some even form motility symbiosis with their host protists. The analogy between the behaviour of host-associated spirochaetes and the possible steps in the origin of the undulipodia and mitotic system of eukaryotes is discussed briefly. PMID- 36622 TI - The cell as an extreme environment. AB - Living cells and their intracellular parasites show many of the characteristics ascribed to extreme environments and their dominant species. The diversity of species colonizing intracellular habitats is low, and successful inhabitants exhibit special fitness traits that often render them obligately dependent on residence within a host cell. However, the diversity-limiting factor in the extreme environment of the host cell interior is not abiotic, as it is in conventional extreme environments. It is biotic: the living cell itself and its many activities. Host cells bar the entrance to most would-be parasites, they destroy most of those that do manage to get inside, and they deny parasites free access to many components of their soluble metabolite pools. Successful intracellular parasites have evolved fitness traits that give them the capacity to survive in the face of diversity-limiting factors or to modify the intracellular habitat so that those factors no longer operate. Looking on the cell as an extreme habitat emphasizes its simultaneous roles as environment, antagonist, and competitor. PMID- 36623 TI - Interactions between Bdellovibrio and its host cell. AB - The bdellovibrios are extremely small bacteria with the unique property of being parasites of other (gram-negative) bacteria. In the presence of viable and susceptible bacteria a Bdellovibrio cell physically 'attacks' an individual host cell, attaches to its surface, penetrates the cell wall, and multiples within the periplasmic (intramural) space of its prey. The invading Bdellovibrio and its progeny degrade and consume the cellular constituents of the invaded host bacterium. This process finally results in complete lysis of the host cell and release of the Bdellovibrio progeny. From a population of parasitic bdellovibrios, derivatives can be selected that grow on complex nutrient media. Currently, none of the different nutritional types can be propagated in a fully defined synthetic medium. By degradation of the cellular constituents of the host the Bdellovibrio cell in its periplasmic space has available all the monomeric subunits needed to synthesis of the macromolecules. Peculiarities of Bdellovibrio metabolism with respect to uptake of preformed molecules and energy efficiency are discussed. PMID- 36624 TI - The Rhizobium--legume symbiosis. AB - The rhizobia are soil microorganisms that can interact with leguminous plants to form root nodules within which conditions are favourable for bacterial nitrogen fixation. Legumes allow the development of very large rhizobial populations in the vicinity of their roots. Infections and nodule formation require the specific recognition of host and Rhizobium, probably mediated by plant lectins. Penetration of the host by a compatible Rhizobium species usually provokes host root cell division to form the nodule, and a process of differentiation by both partners then ensues. In most cases the rhizobia alter morphologically to form bacteroids, which are usually larger than the free-living bacteria and have altered cell walls. At all stages during infection, the bacteria are bounded by host cell plasmalemma. The enzyme nitrogenase is synthesized by the bacteria and, if leghaemoglobin is present, nitrogen fixation will occur. Leghaemoglobin is a product of the symbiotic interaction, since the globin is produced by the plant while the haem is synthesized by the bacteria. In the intracellular habitat the bacteria are dependent upon the plant for supplies of energy and the bacteroids, in particular, appear to differentiate so that they are no longer able to utilize the nitrogen that they fix. Regulation of the supply of carbohydrate and the use of the fixed nitrogen thus appear to be largely governed by the host. PMID- 36625 TI - 'Cells' and 'organisms' as a habitat for DNA. AB - Although the bulk of the hereditary information in bacteria is organized as a single chromosome, it has been known for some years now that bacteria may also carry pieces of self-replicating extrachromosomal DNA. These units are known as plasmids. Sometimes such plasmids carry the information necessary to give rise to mature bacterial viruses under appropriate conditions, but in other cases they specify the production of enzymes and other proteins which alter the bacterial phenotype. Plasmids are often inessential for survival of bacteria, although they may widen the range of environmental conditions under which they flourish. Thus plasmids may be thought of as adventitious additions to the genetic content of bacterial cells. Recently it has become clear that furthur organizational units of DNA are to be found in bacterial cells. These units are called insertion sequences and transposons. Unlike plasmids and the chromosome, however, these DNA units do not carry enough genetic information to specify their own independent replication: they must rely on plasmids or the chromosome for that purpose. Nevertheless they behave in many respects as independent functional units. Although it is possible to think of the chromosome, plasmids and transposons/insertion sequences as three distinct hierarchies of bacterial DNA, genes may move from one hierarchy to another; and such transitions have important implications for the evolution of bacterial populations. Moreover, their study in bacteria may throw much light on the type of DNA interactions occurring in higher cells. PMID- 36626 TI - Interactions and DNA transfer between Agrobacterium tumefaciens, the Ti-plasmid and the plant host. AB - Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a gram-negative bacterium with the unique capacity to induce neoplasmic transformations in dicotyledonous plants. Recently, both the mechanism and the biological significance of this transformation have been elucidated. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains contain a large extrachromosomal DNA plasmid (the Ti-plasmid). This Ti-plasmid is responsible for the oncogenic properties of Agrobacterium strains. A particular segment of the Ti-plasmid, containing information determining the tumorous growth pattern and the synthesis of so-called 'opines', e.g. octopine (N-alpha-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-L-arginine) and nopaline (N-alpha-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-argine), is transferred and stably maintained and expressed in the transformed plant cells. This phenomenon can be understood as a 'genetic colonization' of the plant cells by bacterial plasmid DNA so that the transformed plant cells will produce and secrete into the medium amino acid derivatives (the opines) that Ti-plasmid carrying agrobacteria can selectively use as carbon and nitrogen sources. PMID- 36627 TI - Symbionticism revisited: a discussion of the evolutionary impact of intracellular symbioses. AB - Wallin (1927) first published the notion that the fusion of bacteria with host cells was the principal source of genetic novelty for speciation. He suggested that mitochondria are transitional elements in this process. While the significance that he attributed to symbiosis now seem excessive, he was one of the first authors to be aware of the evolutionary potential of symbiotic events and his view of mitochondria may not seem strange to many cell biologist today. The most significant evolutionary development which has been attributed to intracellular symbiosis is the origin of eukaryotic cellular organization. The current status of the 'serial endosymbiosis hypothesis' is briefly review. The case for the symbiotic origin of the chloroplast, based principally on 16 S RNA oligonucleotide cataloguing, is very strong. Mitochondrial origins are more obscure but also appear to be symbiotic due to recent 18 S cataloguing from wheat embryos. The probablility of the multiple origin of some eukaryotic organelles is also examined, the processes in question being the acquisition of distinct stocks of chloroplasts from disparate photosynthetic prokaryotes and the secondary donation of organelles from degenerate eukaryotic endosymbionts to their hosts, with specific reference to the dinoflagellates Peridinium balticum, Kryptoperidinium foliaceum and the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum. It is concluded that the evolutionary potential of intracellular symbiosis ('cytobiosis': a term introduced in this paper) is great, with the best established influence being on the origin of eukaryotic chloroplasts. Together with the potential effects of viral vectors, symbiosis serves as a supplementary speciation mechanism capable of producing directed evolutionary changes. It is likely that these processes will explain some of the apparent anomalies in evolutionary rates and direction which are not readily explicable by the conventional synthetic theory of evolution. PMID- 36629 TI - Proceedings eighty-second annual meeting of the United States Animal Health Association. PMID- 36628 TI - On the characterization of prostaglandin E2 9-keto reductase from aorta and regional differences in its activity. PMID- 36630 TI - [International Labor Conference: Recommendation 157. Recommendations on employment and working and living conditions of nursing staff]. PMID- 36631 TI - Harvesting of platelets for transfusion and problems of storage. PMID- 36632 TI - Storage of pheresis platelets. PMID- 36633 TI - Preservation of platelet viability and function during storage of concentrates. AB - It has now been substantiated that the viability and function of concentrated platelets stored for 72 hours are best preserved at a storage temperature of 22 degrees C rather than 4 degrees C. However, in order to preserve viability at 22 degrees C several other conditions must be met and maintained, namely, an appropriate storage bag (Fenwal's PL-146, McGaw or Cutter's CL-2383), constant gentle agitation with a platform shaker, CPD anticoagulation, and a platelet concentration of less than 1.6 x 10(12)/liter. Unfortunately, in vitro parameters which can accurately assess stored platelet viability and function are not reliable. PMID- 36634 TI - Effect of desglycinamide(9)-lysine(8)-vasopressin and prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide on oral ethanol intake in the rat. AB - Rats given ethanol in their drinking water at a concentration that permitted adequate fluid intake gradually accepted higher concentrations and consumed larger amounts of ethanol. These increases were augmented when daily subcutaneous injections of 1 microgram of desglycinamide9-lysine8-vasopressin (DGLVP) or 10 microgram of prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide (PLG) were given concomitantly. Nonsignificant changes in ethanol consumption were seen with injections of 1 microgram PLG, or 0.42 or 42 microgram of lysine8-vasopressin (LVP). In a second experiment 4 microgram DGLVP given every second day as a long-acting zinc phosphate complex, commencing after the increases in ethanol intake had taken place, failed to produce any change in ethanol consumption subsequently. In both Experiments 1 and 2, the rats were switched from forced ethanol intake to a choice between ethanol and tap water. On these tests there was only marginal evidence of peptide-produced changes in ethanol intake. PMID- 36635 TI - [Interaction of local anesthetics and neuroleptics with membranes]. PMID- 36636 TI - [Liquid-liquid extraction for the quantitative determination of sorbed drugs in polyethylene. Part 40: Contributions to the problems of the use of plastic containers for liquid dosage forms (author's transl)]. AB - Salicylic acid was used as a model substance to establish the conditions under which liquid-liquid extraction will yield reproducible results when applied in sorption studies. As the low-density polyethylene used is soluble in toluene only at a temperature above 80 degrees C, an extraction apparatus was developed for transferring salicylic acid from the hot lipophil phase to an appropriate aqueous phase. After optimization of the experimental conditions, the recovery rate was 82.6% with a standard deviation of +/- 2.9%. The procedure is suited for routine determinations of water-extractable sorbed substances. PMID- 36637 TI - Ultrastructural features of the sensori-motor cortex of the primate. PMID- 36638 TI - A qualitative and quantitative electron microscopic study of the neurons in the primate motor and somatic sensory cortices. PMID- 36639 TI - An experimental electron microscopic study of afferent connections to the primate motor and somatic sensory cortices. PMID- 36640 TI - Meeting abstracts. Proceedings of the Second Annual Mild-Atlantic Regional Extrachromosomal Elements meeting. October 6--8, 1978, Sheraton Beach Inn, Virginia Beach, Virginia. PMID- 36641 TI - [Biochemical mechanisms for the effect of alcohol on the brain]. AB - This paper reviews and discusses basic knowledge of biochemical mechanisms of action of ethanol upon the central nervous system, the emphasis being on effects upon cerebral membrane structures and processes as well as mechanisms of chemical synaptic transmission. Results of detailed studies into material and steric changes in membranes, ion-dependent adenosine triphosphatases, variations in ion balance, effects upon cyclic nucleotides, influences on special transmitter systems, and mechanisms of formation of morphine-analogous condensation products are presented. In addition, open questions are derived and formulated in problem complexes. PMID- 36642 TI - [Erythrocytes in patients treated with neuroleptics]. PMID- 36643 TI - Habituation model of systematic desensitization. PMID- 36644 TI - Benztropine prophylaxis of dystonic reactions. AB - The effectiveness of antiparkinson medication for the prevention of drug induced dystonias has remained a question. Forty patients with acute psychosis who received high potency oral antipsychotic drugs were interviewed to determine the incidence of acute dystonia. An eleven-fold increase in dystonia was found in patients who received no prophylactic medication. Such prophylaxis appears effective in preventing acute dystonia. PMID- 36645 TI - Environmentally induced differences in susceptibility of rats to CNS stimulants and CNS depressants: evidence against a unitary explanation. AB - It has been suggested that socially isolated rats are more aroused then rats raised in social groups. This hypothesis was tested by examining amphetamine induced activity and stereotypy in social and isolated rats of both sexes in both the active and inactive phases of their diurnal activity cycle. In socially raised rats it was possible to produce behavioural profiles similar to those of isolated rats by increasing the arousal level of the social rat. However, the complex interaction of housing conditions, diurnal variation and gender with drug dose suggests that one intervening variable such as arousal is too simplistic an explanation. In subsequent experiments, stereotypy was enhanced by a familiar environment, and there was a clear dissociation between the effects of CNS stimulants and CNS depressants. The increased susceptibility of isolates to CNS stimulants depends on social isolation for a short period before 45 days of age; the decreased susceptibility of isolates to CNS depressants may be produced by isolation at any age. We conclude that there is no evidence that isolated rats are hyperaroused. PMID- 36646 TI - Mood and performance of poor sleepers during repeated use of flurazepam. PMID- 36648 TI - [Interactions of the pharmacokinetic phase]. PMID- 36647 TI - University of New Mexico's approach to continuing medical education for National Health Service Corps professionals assigned to rural areas. PMID- 36649 TI - [The model of chlorinating action of myeloperoxidase of human neutrophils (author's transl)]. PMID- 36650 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of circulatory system diseases. Neurohumoral control of the heart]. PMID- 36651 TI - [Sino-atrial disease (sick sinus syndrome). I. Recent nosographic and electrophysiological diagnostic acquistions]. PMID- 36652 TI - The in vitro binding of 2,2', 5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl metabolites to rat liver microsomal proteins. AB - The in vitro association of tritium labeled 2,2', 5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) with the microsomal fraction isolated from rat livers has been investigated in a metabolizing system. It was found that the control microsomes, capable of only minimal TCB metabolism, had 92% of the total microsomal radioactivity associated with lipids, while only 61% was associated with the phenobarbital induced microsomal lipid. The radioactivity per mg microsomal protein was the same for both induced and noninduced microsomes; however, very important qualitative differences were found. Only the proteins of the induced system contained a protein (s) (MW = 45,000 g/mole) capable of specifically binding a TCB metabolite. This binding required metabolism and was TCB concentration dependent. The specificity of this association was confirmed by dialysis and this data could be analyzed by the Scatchard-Klotz equation. These calculations allowed the evaluation of the number of binding sites (38 micron moles/g of total microsomal protein) and the apparent binding constant (1.4 x 10(7) l/mole). These data are consistent with strong noncovalent interaction of a 2,2', 5,5'-TCB metabolites, but do not exclude the possibility of covalent binding of other non-dialyzable metabolites. PMID- 36653 TI - Inhibition of cardiac protein synthesis by prolonged ethanol administration. AB - Effects of prolonged ethanol consumption have been studied on the rates of cardiac protein synthesis. Prolonged ethanol consumption resulted in a significant decrease in cardiac contents of total protiens and RNA. Chronic exposure to ethanol did not result in an alteration in cardiac DNA content. The rates of protein synthesis measured by determining the rates of (U-14C)-leucine incorporation into cardiac proteins showed that chronic ethanol-feeding leads to a significant inhibition of protein synthesis. Studies with ribosomes and pH 5 enzyme fractions of heart showed that prolonged ethanol consumption inhibits the capacity of both these fractions to synthesize proteins. Acute administration of ethanol or in vitro addition of ethanol does not affect the cardiac protein synthesis in the heart. The acetaldehyde-mediated inhibition of cardiac protein synthesis can be partially prevented by antabuse. These observations suggest that, at least some of the deleterious effects of chronic ethanol consumption on the heart may be exerted through the inhibition of protein synthesis in the cardiac muscle. PMID- 36654 TI - [More than 200 supervisory nurses meet in Paris on 9 and 10 February]. PMID- 36655 TI - Pharmacology related to the practice of dentistry. Part III. Analgesics. PMID- 36656 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis and therapy of colorectal tumours (author's transl)]. AB - 1. If endoscopy leads to the suspicion of an exulcerated and/or polypous carcinoma of the colon, surgical intervention is the primary therapy. Histological classification of the tumour should be effected by means of endoscopic biopsy. 2. (Familial) adenomatosis of the colon requires colectomy. 3. Broad-based polypi resembling a lawn where a large wound area must be expected by electrocoagulation (risk of perforation), and pediculate polypi of the (rare) size of 3 cm and more (risk of haemorrhage) should not be resected via endoscopy but by surgery. 4. Solitary or multiple polypi of the colon not covered by points 1 to 3 above, are primarily for reasons of diagnosis an indication for endoscopic polypectomy. Biospy in the case of adenomas to clarify the histological structure and to obtain qualitative and quantitative information regarding malignant degeration, must be discouraged (""partial diagnosis''.) 5. Basing on the current state of knowledge it is assumed that effective prohylaxis of cancer is achieved by the endoscopic removal of benign adenomas of the colon. 6. It is also assumed that effective cancer therapy can be realised by the endoscopic removal of adenomas which have already undergone malignant degeration (adenoma with severe cellular atypia, invasive differntiated adenocarcinoma in the head of the adenoma.) PMID- 36657 TI - Clinical experiences with beta adrenergic blocking therapy on burned patients. AB - The cachexy which appears in the toxicoseptic phase of burn injuries can be prevented by the regular use of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. This therapy is based upon data which maintain that the burned organism passes through a beta modulated adrenergic receptor state as a result of the endocrine changes taking place between the 3rd and the 5th post-burn day. The author describes his own positive experiences of beta-adrenergic blocking therapy. The possible contra indications (obstructive lung diseases, shock) to this therapy are discussed. Finally he draws attention to some of the side effects which were observed (E.C.G. conduction disturbances). PMID- 36658 TI - [Comments on Weber F. and Kayser F.H.: "Antimicrobial resistance and serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Switzerland." Schweiz. med Wschr. 109, 395-9, 1979]. PMID- 36659 TI - N-formyliminodiacetic acid, a new compound from the reaction of nitrilotriacetic acid and chlorine. AB - It has been proposed that nitrilotriacetic acid be substituted for trisodium polyphosphates in detergents as a way to reduce the rate of eutrophication in the Great Lake Basin. The reaction of nitrilotriacetic acid with chlorine-containing solutions produces a hitherto unknown degradation production, N formyliminodiacetic acid, in high yield. The toxicological and environmental implications of this reaction are unclear. PMID- 36660 TI - Neuronal supersensitivity to acetylcholine induced by kindling in the rat hippocampus. AB - Kindling is an experimental model of epilepsy in which periodic brain stimulation induces the progressive development of electrical and behavioral seizures. A kindling-induced electrical seizure (afterdischarge) in the rat hippocampus produces prolonged neuronal supersensitivity to microiontophoretically applied acetylcholine after a latency of 40 to 60 minutes. Neuronal acetylcholine supersensitivity is correlated with the further progression of kindling. A larger hippocampal after-discharge is elicited by a subsequent kindling stimulus delivered in the presence of acetylcholine supersensitivity, but not by one delivered before the onset of the supersensitivity. The results suggest that alteration of synaptic sensitivity to acetylcholine may contribute to kindling and epileptogenesis. PMID- 36661 TI - Embryonic development of identified neurons: temporal pattern of morphological and biochemical differentiation. AB - Individually identified neurons can be recognized in grasshopper embryos, and are accessible to examination by morphological, physiological, and biochemical techniques from their birth to their maturation. Only after the axon of an identified neuron reaches its postsynaptic target does the neurotransmitter accumulate, the soma rapidly enlarge, and the central arborizations greatly expand. PMID- 36662 TI - Separation of D and L amino acids by liquid chromatography: use of chiral eluants. AB - An aqueous eluant containing a chiral copper-proline complex effects the separation of underivatized amino acid enantiomers on an ion-exchange column. The stereoselectivity is ascribed to differences in stability of the diastereomeric amino acid-copper compexes formed in solution. A simple change in the chirality of the eluant reverses the order of the enantiomer elution. For detection and quantification of picomole amounts of amino acids, the eluant is monitored for fluorescence after reaction with o-phthalaldehyde, a reagent insensitive to proline but highly sensitive for amino acids containing a primary amino group. PMID- 36663 TI - Sleeping pills and insomnia. PMID- 36664 TI - Cellular applications of 31P and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of cells and purified mitochondria are discussed to show the kind of information that can be obtained in vivo. In suspensions of Escherichia coli both phosphorus-31 and carbon-13 NMR studies of glycolysis and bioenergetics are presented. In rat liver cells the pathways of gluconeogenesis from carbon-13-labeled glycerol are followed by carbon-13 NMR. In the intact liver cells cytosolic and mitochondrial pH's were separately measured by phosphorus-31 NMR. In purified mitochondria the internal and external concentrations of inorganic phosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and adenosine triphosphate were determined by phosphorus-31 NMR while the pH difference across the membrane was measured simultaneously. PMID- 36665 TI - Food deprivation increases oral and intravenous drug intake in rats. AB - Rats given continuous access to etonitazene hydrochloride in their drinking water (5 micrograms per milliliter) more than doubled their drug intake while deprived of food. Another group of rats with implanted jugular catheters self-administered etonitazene (10 micrograms per kilogram) intravenously on a continuous reinforcement schedule, and the number of infusions increased significantly on days when they were deprived of food. These results suggest that feeding condition may be a powerful determinant of drug-reinforced behavior. PMID- 36666 TI - Psychological aspects of testicular cancer. PMID- 36667 TI - Surgical treatment of adult germinal testis tumors. PMID- 36668 TI - Psychiatric complications of Rohypnol abuse. PMID- 36669 TI - New indications for old antibiotics: tetracycline, erythromycin, carbenicillin, and vancomycin revisited. PMID- 36670 TI - Erysipelas-like syndrome caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Streptococcus pneumoniae produced an erysipelas-like eruption in a patient with the nephrotic syndrome. The eruption and accompanying fever resolved upon treatment with aqueous penicillin. PMID- 36671 TI - Serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase: its specificity and clinical value. AB - The clinical import of the serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) level was evaluted in 162 prospectively studied patients. GGTP is helpful in determining the origin of alkaline phosphatase (AP); it clearly separates increased AP of bone and placental origin from that of liver origin. The GGTP level closely parallels the AP level in most instances, but it may be more sensitive in detecting liver disease in anicteric patients. The finding of significantly increased GGTP in patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis as compared to normal levels found in chronic persistent hepatitis may provide a prognostic clue in cases of unresolved hepatitis. The apparent specificity and sensitivity of the GGTP test, combined with ease of performance and low expense, make it a valuable addition to the evaluation of a patient with hepatic disease. PMID- 36672 TI - Faecal pH value and its modification by dietary means in South African black and white schoolchildren. AB - Mean faecal pH values did not differ significantly in groups of rural South African Black schoolchildren of 10--12 years who ate their traditional high-fibre low-fat diet, and urban dwellers who consumed a partially westernized diet. However, both means were significantly lower than those of groups of White schoolchildren. In feeding studies of 5 days' duration, mean faecal pH value of Black children became significantly less acid when white bread replaced maize meal, and became significantly more acid when a supplement of 6 oranges was consumed daily. Supplements which consisted of skim milk, butter, and sugar had no significant effect on mean faecal pH value. In White children in an institution, the mean pH value of faeces became significantly more acid when a supplement of 6 oranges, although not of bran 'crunchies', was consumed daily. PMID- 36673 TI - The effect of exposure to halogenated anaesthetics on liver glutathione levels in rats. An index of hepatotoxicity. AB - Having studied anaesthetic drug interactions in rats, we report the effects of halogenated anaesthetics on the liver glutathione levels and histology, as well as the results of the enhancement of these effects by microsomal enzyme induction. The anaesthetic agents studied included methoxyflurane, halothane, ethrane, chloroform and fluroxene. While exposure of rats to methoxyflurane, helothane and ethrane produced no significant changes in hepatic glutathione levels, or in liver histology, exposure to chloroform and fluroxene produced marked depression of liver glutathione, especially after microsomal enzyme induction. Furthermore, rats exposed to thses agents after enzyme induction developed gross centrilobular necrosis and died. It is suggested that the study of the effects of any new anaesthetic agent on liver glutathione levels could be a valuable screening test of its hepatotoxic potential, before its clinical trial. PMID- 36674 TI - Peptones and mycological reproducibility. AB - The pH reactions, ultraviolet spectra and phosphorus content of solutions of a variety of commercially available peptones all indicated, predictably, considerable differences in the chemical composition of the peptones. The effects of these differences on the outcome of experiments with Candida albicans grown in different peptone media was investigated. The fungus produced germ tubes equally effectively on all such media provided that the inoculum was kept to 10(6) blastospores/ml or less. However, expression of inducible enzyme activities in C. albicans varied extensively from peptone to peptone; there was, for example, an inverse relationship between the inorganic phosphorus content of peptones and the amount of acid phosphomonoesterase detectable in intact blastospores. The results indicated that use of different peptones in "Sabouraud's" media by different laboratories may account for some, but not all, published instances of irreproducibility of experiments with C. albicans. PMID- 36675 TI - Uncommon tumors of the APUD system. PMID- 36676 TI - Orchidopexy in cryptorchidism assessed by clinical, histologic and sperm examinations. AB - A study was undertaken of 187 patients with unilateral and 41 patients with bilateral cryptorchidism before and after orchidopexy. The mean tubular diameter and the mean tubular fertility index were used as quantitative criteria for assessment of the development of the testes. Before orchidopexy, no significant differences were found between scrotal and cryptorchid testes in patients up to six years of age. Thereafter, the scrotal testis showed marked development in distinction to the cryptorchid testis. After orchidopexy, follow-up examinations were carried out when the patients had reached the age, at least, 18 years. Based on the results of the mean tubular diameter and the mean tubular fertility index, a reasonable degree of fertility would be expected in both the unilateral and the bilateral cryptorchid testes. However, histologic assessment of spermatogenesis in the unilateral cryptorchid testes after orchidopexy showed spermatogenic arrest in 81 per cent and in all patients with bilateral cryptorchid testes after orchidopexy. In the unilateral orchidopexy patients, in distinction to the histologic assesment of spermatogenesis, sperm counts gave good results in 80 per cent; evidently, in these patients, the source of the spermatozoa was the contralateral scrotal testis. That spermatogenesis was defective in 20 per cent of the patients after unilateral orchidopexy suggests and underlying systemic factor affecting both testes. PMID- 36677 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary aspiration: incidence, functional abnormality, and results of surgical therapy. AB - The incidence of aspiration, the causative esophageal pathophysiology, and the results of surgical therapy were evaluated in 100 patients with abnormal gastroesophageal reflux documented by 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. Based on historical evidence, 48 patients were suspected to be aspirators. Eight patients had documented episodes of aspiration (drop on esophagela pH, followed by acid taste in mouth and onset of cough or wheezing spell) during the monitoring period. Nine patients were considered to be potential aspirators because they presented oral acid regurgitation without development of pulmonary symptoms. In five patients a primary respiratory disorder (PRD) induced gastroesophageal reflux. The remaining 78 patients had abnormal reflux without aspiartion or regurgitation. Aspirators had a 75% incidence of esophageal motor abnormality on manometry, and the clearance of refluxed acid was significantly delayed in the supine position. A history of heartburn and endoscopic evidence of esophagitis were present in only half of the patients who were documented aspirators. Potential aspirators were spared from aspiration by rapid esophageal clearance of refluxed acid unaffected by changes in body position. Patients with a PRD had higher distal esophageal segment (DES) pressure and normal esophageal motility with minimal esophagitis. Nonaspirators significantly improved their clearance while in the supine position, emphasizing the protective effect of esophageal peristalsis against aspiration. An antireflux procedure in five aspirators raised the DES pressure significantly and returned the reflux status to normal by 24 hour pH-monitoring standards. The incidence of aspiration appears to be less than that suspected by history and is due to a motor disorder that interferes with the ability of the esophagus to clear reflex acid. Abnormal pulmonary symptoms can induce or result from gastroesophageal reflux and, when the latter occurs, an antireflex procedure stops both reflux and aspiration. PMID- 36678 TI - Cyclic guanosine monophosphate response to acetylcholine stimulation of gastric alkaline secretion. PMID- 36679 TI - [Terminally ill patients and medications]. PMID- 36680 TI - [Reflections following an unforeseen national meeting]. PMID- 36681 TI - [International conference on cancer nursing in London: nurses should not always be the givers and patients the receivers]. PMID- 36682 TI - [Biochemical and cytological characteristics of sputum in patients with lung diseases]. PMID- 36683 TI - [Immunosuppressive therapy of nephropathies (author's transl)]. PMID- 36684 TI - [Immunosuppressive drugs in intestinal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 36685 TI - [Fatal aplastic anemia]. PMID- 36686 TI - Efficacy of pro-PAM (N-methyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carbaldoxime hydrochloride) as a prophylaxis against organophosphate poisoning. PMID- 36687 TI - Potentiation of fluroxene (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl vinyl ether) toxicity with polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 36688 TI - Abstracts of papers. Society of Toxicology. Eighteenth annual meeting. New Orleans, Louisiana. March 11--15, 1979. PMID- 36689 TI - Radiation effects on testes. XV. Role of NAD and NADP linked dehydrogenases in radiation-induced atrophy. PMID- 36690 TI - Steroid specificity of human placental 5-ene-3 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase. AB - The properties of 5-ene-3 beta hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase (3 beta-HSD) from human placental homogenates were studied in vitro. The apparent Michaelis constants for 3 beta-HSD with the substrates pregnenolone (delta 5P) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were 170 nM and nM respectively. The optimal pH for both these substrates was between 10 and 12. With NAD as the substrate, the Km for the pregnenolone was 20 microM and for DHA, 17 microM. The activity of 3 beta HSD was inhibited by various steroids. Competitive inhibitors (pregnenolone substrate) included: ethynylestradiol (inhibition constant Ki=7.3 nM), DHA (Ki=46 nM), estradiol-17 beta (Ki=46 nM), cholesterol (Ki=0.68 microM) and 16 alpha hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (16 alphaOHDHA) (Ki=2.2 microM). When the substrate was DHA, competitive inhibition occurred with the following steroids: ethynylestradiol (Ki=6.4 nM), estradiol-17 beta (Ki=69 nM), pregnenolone (Ki=91 nM), cholesterol (Ki=1.3 microM) and 16 alphaOHDHA (Ki=1.9 microM). 4-Ene-3 ketosteroids such as androstenedione, progesterone (delta 4P), norethindrone and chlormadinone acetate acted as noncompetitive inhibitors towards both substrates. PMID- 36691 TI - A factor VIII concentrate of intermediate purity and higher potency. AB - A fractionation method has been modified to produce a factor VIII concentrate of intermediate purity and a potency of about 12 iu/ml, suitable for injection by syringe. The solubility, ease of filtration and purity of the concentrate have been improved by including a stage in which contaminants are precipitated at controlled temperature, pH and ionic strength. A summary of the first 50 production-scale batches is presented. Plasma can be harvested from whole blood and frozen within eight hours of donation, or after overnight storage of whole blood, with no significant difference in overall yield. PMID- 36692 TI - Human marrow transplantation. PMID- 36693 TI - Suppression of cell-mediated immunity in rats transplanted with kidneys from donors compatible at the major histocompatibility complex. AB - In order to study the immunological status of rats transplanted with H-1 compatible kidney allografts, LEW rats were grafted with F and (Fischer X Lewis)F1 (FLEWF1) kidneys. Most of the F kidneys were rejected within 55 days, only 4 of 24 surviving for more than 4 months. However, two-thirds of the FLEWF1 recipients survived for more than 4 months, the others having died within 64 days. During the first postoperative week, high levels of serum lymphocytotoxic antibodies were found in recipients of F kidneys, and thereafter there was little change. In this respect these rats did not differ from recipients of kidneys with major histocompatibility differences. However, recipients of FLEWF1 kidneys had low haemagglutinating and lymphocytotoxic antibody titres. No serum-blocking factor could be found in kidney of recipients by use of the microcytotoxicity assay (MCA) or inhibition of allorosette formation. Cellular immunity, which was studied by means of the graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) and the microcytotoxicity assay, was detected in the first postoperative week. This immunity gradually declined, and after 6 weeks it was no longer detectable. The immunological status of the long-term surviving kidney recipients remained unchanged, even when they were provided with further antigenic challenge in the form of two successive donor strain skin grafts. PMID- 36694 TI - Immunochemical determination of hemopoietic graft success in parental hybrid combinations. A sensitive, nonsacrificing method. PMID- 36695 TI - Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of The Transplantation Society, September 3-8, 1978, Rome, Italy. PMID- 36696 TI - Investigations of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the rat using alloantigenic markers. PMID- 36697 TI - Evolution of lymphocytes and vertebrate alloimmune reactivity. PMID- 36698 TI - Histoincompatibility reactions and allogeneic polymorphism among invertebrates. PMID- 36699 TI - Bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 36700 TI - Hemopoietic and lymphopoietic split chimerism in severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID). PMID- 36701 TI - Lethal graft-versus-host reaction to minor histocompatibility antigens is decreased by donor immunization against H-2 and varies as a function of the H-2 haplotype. PMID- 36702 TI - Thymic epithelial functional deficit in chronic graft-versus-host reactions. PMID- 36703 TI - [Effect of benemycin and sodium succinate on metabolism of protons in mitochondria of guinea pig lung and liver tissues]. AB - The data of studies on proton metabolism in mitochondria of the guinea pig lungs and liver with application of benemycin and sodium succinate show that benemycin does not affect the metabolism of protons in the lungs and liver mitochondria. Sodium succinate activates the release of protons from the lungs and liver mitochondria in state 4 according to Chance. When using sodium succinate for reducing the effect of benemycin on theorganism it is found that sodium succinate inhibits the utilization of protons of the lungs and liver mitochondria in state 3 according to Chance and activates this release in state 4, thus favouring an increase in their concentration in the extra-mitochondrial space. Sodium succinate increases survival rate of animals which were administered benemycin to. PMID- 36704 TI - [Stability of alpha-amylase with immobilization through its different functional groups]. AB - The paper deals with stability of Aspergillus aryzae alpha-amylase immobilized on CM- and AE-celluloses using N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide by means of binding through its amine or carboxylic groups. The binding of the enzyme with CM cellulose makes its preparations more stable to the effect of EDTA and elevated temperature (50 degrees C) than under fixation on AE-cellulose. PMID- 36705 TI - [Effect of different levels of carbonic acid on activity of dehydrogenases]. AB - A dependence is established for the activity of NADP-dependent isocytrate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase as well as of NAD-malate dehydrogenase on the carbonic acid level. When the biocarbonate concentration in rabbit blood and tissues rise, the activity of cytoplasmic NADP-isocytrate dehydrogenase and NADP malate dehydrogenase of the liver lowers. The analogous regularity is observed in the in vitro experiments when the bicarbonate concentrations in the medium rises up to 40 mM (within the physiological limits). The activity of NAD-malate dehydrogenase in the soluble fraction of the rabbit liver and kidney increases with the bicarbonate level within the same limits. The found dependence was confirmed in experiments with the enzyme crystalline preparations. PMID- 36707 TI - Abstracts of the 4th Symposium on Experimental Urology, April 6--8th, 1978, Kassel, Federal Republic of Germany. PMID- 36706 TI - [Symposium "Kidney and renal hormones" (Sofia, June 1-2, 1978)]. PMID- 36708 TI - [Recurrence of inguinal, undescended, testicle (author's transl)]. AB - An analysis of 94 patients from 1970 to 1977 demonstrates the problems of recurrence of the inguinal undescended testis. In more than 2/3 of the patients operative deficiencies were considered as the cause. The technique of secondary corrective surgery is described. The special difficulties with short internal spermatic vessels are outlined. In 90% of the patients a good anatomical result was obtained but no data are available concerning later functional results. PMID- 36709 TI - American Microscopical Society: the first one-hundred years. Part I. PMID- 36710 TI - [Use of gastric pH-metry for peroperative evaluation of the completeness of vagotomy]. AB - In 124 patients subjected to various types of vagotomy its completeness was tested peroperatively with Grassi test and intrastomach pH-metry. The results were compared with the Hollander test findings in 112 postoperative cases. It has been ascertained tat the peroperative pH-metry does not allow for judging on the completeness of vagotomy. The postoperative pH-metry tests show only the ability of the stomach mucous membrane to produce hydrochloric acid in response to the maximal histamine stimulation, which can be used for total evaluation of the effectiveness of the operation. PMID- 36711 TI - Clinical use of piperacetazine to modify behavior in dogs and cats: a practitioner's viewpoint. PMID- 36712 TI - [Oxidation of fatty-aromatic aldehydes in liver tissues]. AB - A protein fraction, which did not contain NADP [or NADPH]-dependent aldehyde reductase as well as NAD [or NADP]-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenases, but which catalyzed oxidation of fatty-aromatic aldehydes, was isolated from extract of rat liver tissue using ammonium sulfate fractionation combined with gradient syvorptive chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25 [or Molselect DEAE-25], CM Sephadex C-25 and gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200. Investigations of molecular weight and catalytic properties of the protein fraction obtained enabled to identify it with xanthine oxidase [EC 1.2.3.2]. Aldehyde dehydrogenases as well as xanthine oxidase are involved in oxidation of fatty-aromatic aldehydes to corresponding fatty acids, besides the reduction of the aldehydes to alcohols, catalyzed by aldehyde reductase and alcohol dehydrogenases. PMID- 36713 TI - [Statistical characteristics of the cardiac rhythm at different periods of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 36714 TI - [Effect of histamine on the secretory function of the stomach in middle-aged and elderly persons]. PMID- 36715 TI - [Functional state of the duodenum in duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 36716 TI - [Investigations on the pathogenesis of distal renal tubular acidosis (author's transl)]. AB - In distal (type 1) RTA, renal acid excretion is impaired by the inability to establish adequate pH gradients between plasma and distal tubular fluid at any level of acidosis. Main clinical signs in infancy are anorexia, vomiting and failure to thrive. Despite low serum bicarbonate levels the renal threshold of bicarbonate is normal, while urinary pH levels are high even with values below the threshold. Under conditions of bicarbonate-induced systemic alkalosis urinary the pCO2 exceeds blood pCO2 in normal subjects. by contrast, the urinary pCO2 tension is not significantly greater in distal RTA, indicating a failure of the cells of the distal nephron to secrete hydrogen ions even without a gradient. Red cell carbonic anhydrase is within the normal range, whilst the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity has no effect on distal tubular function. Until now no histological or enzymatic defect could be detected to explain the ineffective acidification. Bicarbonate loading is followed by a lowering of calcium excretion to within the normal range and a decrease in the uncharacteristic renal hyperaminoaciduria. PMID- 36717 TI - Deranged tyrosine metabolism in cirrhosis. AB - In normal individuals, the main route for tyrosine degradation is the hepatic pathway tyrosine->4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid->homogentisic acid->CO(2). Quantitatively minor pathways, in large part extrahepatic, are: tyrosine >tyramine->octopamine and tyrosine->dopa->catecholamines.In cirrhosis, the main hepatic pathway is blocked to varying degrees at the first three stages. This appears to be due to lack of activity of the enzymes tyrosine transaminase, PHPA oxidase, and HGA oxidase, the first step being rate limiting. Hypertyrosinemia and tyrosine intolerance result.With the main hepatic pathway partially blocked, an abnormally large amount of tyrosine passes into the normally minor extrahepatic pathway leading to the false neurotransmitters tyramine and octopamine. Overproduction of these amines ensues and they accumulate in the body fluid.The false neurotransmitters can displace catecholamines from their storage sites in the peripheral and central nervous system, and thereby disrupt adrenergic processes in arterioles, kidneys, and brain. Their accumulation in cirrhotic patients may play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, and hyperdynamic circulation. PMID- 36718 TI - [Clinical picture and therapy of sleep in aged, internal-medicine patients]. AB - The management of sleep disorders in elderly patients with internal diseases consists in the first line in rectifying pathophysiological disregulations. Only in the second line, proper hypnotics are to be prescribed. When considered as indispensable, these medicaments are selected according to their toxicity and side effects. In present time, Benzodiazepines are definitely preferred, whereas neuroleptic, anti-depressant and the older drugs are to be taken secondarly in account. PMID- 36719 TI - [Errors in the determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity: effects of measurement temperature, pH value and ionic strength on the absorption of 4 nitraniline and 5-amino-2-nitrobenzoate]. PMID- 36720 TI - Absence of microsomal lipid peroxidation in acatalasemic mice. AB - Catalase (E.C. 1.11.1.6) activity and NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation have been measured in liver microsomes from normal and acatalasemic mice. The absence of lipid peroxidation in acatalatic microsomes is not restituted by exogenous catalase as is microsomal methanol oxidation nor is it inhibited by sodium azide, thus suggesting an additional abnormality in these mice. PMID- 36721 TI - [Automobile driver examination under the influence of a work tranquilizer]. PMID- 36722 TI - Pharmacological basis of pain control. II: analgesics. PMID- 36723 TI - [Microflora of the maxillary sinuses in chronic sinusitis]. PMID- 36724 TI - [Report on the annual meeting of the German Psychoanalytic Association (founded in 1910)]. PMID- 36725 TI - [Working values for laboratory diagnosis in cattle. 1. Enzymes and metabolic products in the serum or whole blood]. PMID- 36726 TI - [Fractionation of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin by isoelectric focusing in an ampholin gradient]. PMID- 36727 TI - [Use of sodium nucleinate in the therapy of schizophrenia]. AB - A total of 102 patients with progressive forms of schizophrenia with a pronounced deficital symptomatology were treated. The dynamics of some indices of nonspecific reactivity (properdin, lysozyme, complement) were studied parallely. Yeast sodium nucleinate promotes a softening and reverse development of some deficital symptoms (mainly in an emotional-volutional sphere), decreasing the threshold of sensitivity to neuroleptics. When remission occurred, the immunological indices returned to normal. PMID- 36728 TI - On the deacetylase activity of Vi bacteriophage III particles. AB - 1. Using the complete phage particles as an enzyme, O-acetyl (1 leads to 4)-alpha D-galacturonan (acetylated pectic acid) as a substrate, and gas-liquid chromatography for the determination of the acid liberated, the virus-catalysed deacetylation of the polymer was studied. The activity was found to be stable up to about 50 degrees C, and from pH 4.5 to 9, with an optimum at pH 7.8; it was not affected by EDTA, or by 1,10-phenanthroline. The initial reaction velocity (at 37 degrees C) exhibited a simple hyperbolical dependence on the substrate concentration, with Km = 10.5 mM for O-acetyl (independent of virus concentration), and Vmax = 15 nmoles/min and 10(10) plaque forming units. The reaction was, however, rapidly inhibited by a partially deacetylated product (but neither by acetate, nor by pectic acid itself). 2. Using the natural substrate, acetylated (1 leads to 4)-2 amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galacturonan (Vi polysaccharide, Vi antigen), and a variety of structural analogues, the following conclusions about the substrate specificity of the Vi phage III deacetylase (acetyl-alpha-1,4-galacturonan acylhydrolase) were reached: (a) acetylated galacturonan is as good a substrate as acetylated aminogalacturonan; (b) of the two substrate diastereomers, acetylated alpha-L-guluronan (also 1 ax leads to 4 ax-linked units, but with axial acetyl residues at C-3), and beta-D-mannuronan (1 eq leads to 4 eq-linkages, and axial acetyl groups at C-2), only the former was acted upon, possibly indicating a specificity for the conformation of the polymer rather than for the configuration of the single residues; (c) all acyl analogues tested, O-monofluoroacetyl, O-propionyl, and O-butyryl galacturonan, were inert, showing a high degree of specificity for O-acetyl; (d) the oligomers, acetylated tri- and digalacturonic acid, as well as methyl-alpha-D-galacturonide, were still deacetylated, although more slowly, demonstrating tolerance of the enzyme of substrate size. PMID- 36729 TI - [Biochemical changes in guinea pigs after the application of high doses of ascorbic acid]. AB - The effect of high doses of ascorbic acid (AA) (200 mg/kg body weight, s. c.) on the values of some biochemical parameters has been studied in guinea pigs (glucose, lactic acid, SH substances and GSH in blood, proteins and urea, and the LDH, MDH, ASAT, ALAT, and gamma-GT activities in the serum, the acid phosphatase activity in the liver, the gamma-GT activities in the liver and the kidney, and on the levels of SH substances and GSH in various organs). Ascorbic acid was administered to the animals in a single dose or in dialy doses for different periods (4 days, 2 weeks, and 7 weeks). The majority of the studied parameters showed a transient increase or decrease of the values which, however, after long term AA administration mostly returned to normal values. After 7 weeks, the level of urea in the serum remained increased (by approximately 30%) contrary to the decreased level of lactic acid, the gamma-GT activity in the serum, and the GSH level in some organs. In the experimental series carried out in the different seasons of the year, the results differed in some cases especially after short term AA administration. However, in a few cases, even the values obtained from the control animals tended to differ. If similar changes are to be expected in man after AA administration, then on the basis of our results it can be assumed that in the indicated cases the therapeutic long-term application of large AA doses does not present any hazard to the patient. PMID- 36730 TI - A.A.R.N. President's Address. PMID- 36731 TI - Fetal breathing movements and maternal exercise. AB - Earlier statements that fetal breathing movements (FBM) are sensitive to changes in the fetal homeostasis prompted the study of the effect of maternal exercise on FBM and fetal heart rate. Forty women in the last trimester of gestation were subjected to a work load (80 W) for 5 min on a bed ergometer cycle; in 30 of them FBM were recorded by A-mode ultrasound, and in 10, the fetal heart rate was monitored by continuous ultrasound. Maternal blood pressure, pulse rate, blood pH and pCO2, and transcutaneous pO2 were also followed. The FBM showed a transient marked increase in incidence immediately after the end of the exercise. No changes in basal level or in baseline variability of the fetal heart rate were found in the recovery period after work. Some possible causes of the observed FBM alterations are discussed. The findings imply that, after this particular form of stress, FBM are a more sensitive indicator of the physiological state of the fetus than the fetal heart rate. PMID- 36732 TI - Inhibition and facilitation of lacrimal flow by beta-adrenergic drugs. AB - The effects of adrenergic beta-stimulating and beta-blocking compounds on tear flow were studied in conscious rabbits with a modified Schirmer technique. The tear flow was significantly increased by the unselective beta-adrenergic agonist isoprenaline and by the selective beta1-agonist H 80/62 (racemic Prenalterol, Hassle, Sweden). The effects of the agonists were blocked by the unselective beta adrenergic antagonist propranolol (Inderal) and by the selective beta1-antagonist metoprolol (Seloken, Lopressor). The experimental data favoured the hypothesis that the beta-receptors involved in the regulation of the tear flow were of the beta1-type. The anatomical location of these beta-receptors is at present unclear but in vitro experiments performed on the rabbit lacrimal glands indicated that the receptors were probably not located on cholinergic nerve-endings as the release of acetylcholine was not influenced by isoprenaline. PMID- 36733 TI - Synthetic analogues of nicotine. VII. Acid dissociation constants of some nicotine analogues. PMID- 36734 TI - Effect of plasma H+-ion concentration on pancreatic HCO-3 secretion. AB - The relationship between the rate of pancreatic HCO-3 secretion and plasma H+-ion concentration was investigated in 15 pentothal anesthetized, secretin infused pigs (1.8 C.U./kg b.w. h-1, intravenously) during acute metabolic and respiratory acid-base disturbances. Pancreatic HCO-3 secretion increasd to 196 +/- 10% of control during alkalosis and fell to 41 +/- 4% of control during acidosis. Partial metabolic compensation of respiratory acidosis restored HCO-3 secretion to 87 +/- 6% of control. A proportional relationship was found between HCO-3 secretion and plasma pH. Different, proportional relationships were found between HCO-3 secretion and plasma HCO-3 concentration during metabolic and respiratory acid-base changes. HCO-3 secretion was independent of H+-ion concentration in pancreatic juice. Plasma H+-ion concentration, therefore, seems to determine the rate of pancreatic HCO-3 secretion. This finding supports the hypothesis that a proton pump is responsible for pancreatic HCO-3 secretion. PMID- 36735 TI - [Effective management of the acute psychotic patient: stabilization and maintenance with haloperidol]. PMID- 36736 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 94th Meeting of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons, London, 14--15 September 1978. PMID- 36737 TI - Overall and localized fluctuation in the structure of a protein molecule. PMID- 36738 TI - The enzymatic preparation of [alpha-32P]ATP, [alpha-32P]GTP, [32P]cAMP, and [32P]cGMP, and their use in the assay of adenylate and guanylate cyclases and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. PMID- 36739 TI - Guanylate cyclase assay methods. PMID- 36740 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant and cardiovascular drug interactions. AB - Tricyclic antidepressants have anticholinergic, adrenolytic and quinidine-like activity. These actions result in a variety of cardiac and blood pressure effects. Tricyclic antidepressants can reverse the antihypertensive effect of guanethidine and clonidine. Orthostatic hypotension may be increased with diuretics and hydralazine. Myocardial depression may occur with lidocaine, phenytoin or propranolol. Dangerous additive effects may result from concomitant use of a tricyclic antidepressant and either quinidine or procainamide. PMID- 36741 TI - Clinical pharmacology of the new beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Part 3. Comparative clinical experience and new therapeutic applications. PMID- 36742 TI - HL-A antigens in Takayasu's disease. AB - Takayasu's disease is characterized by a "pulseless" condition which most often occurs in young females from Asian or South American areas. The cause of this disease remains obscure. Recently, we encountered monozygotic, Japanese, identical twin sisters, both of whom were diagnosed as having Takayasu's disease. The parents, two sisters, and one brother are healthy. HL-A typing analyses revealed that one haplotype found in the father had passed only to these twins. Such observations led us to search HL-A typing in Takayasu's disease to determine the possible participation of genetic factors in the pathogenesis of this morbid condition. Ten families, including that of our own patient, have been reported in the literature in Japan, as family cases of Takayasu's disease. HL-A typings in A and B locus analyzed in all family members of six families in attempts to find a common haplotype composed of A9, A10, B5, or BW40 in patients with Takayasu's disease, were confirmed statistically (chi 2 = 7.8, 0.01 less than p less than 0.05). In a population study, HL-A typing analyses of 65 patients with Takayasu's disease also revealed a high frequency of HL-A A10 and HL-A B5 with the level of 15.3 and 17.0 in the chi 2-test (p less than 10(-4)), as compared with the frequency in 128 healthy Japanese. These data strongly suggest that a genetic related factor has to be given serious consideration. PMID- 36743 TI - Acute central chest pain in the elderly. A review of 296 consecutive hospital admissions during 1976 with particular reference to the possible role of beta adrenergic blocking agents in inducing substernal pain. AB - Two hundred and ninety-six patients were admitted to geriatric medical beds in Cardiff in 1976 with acute central chest pain. One hundred and eighty-six (63 per cent) had a confirmed acute myocardial infarction. Of the 37 per cent without evidence of cardiac infarction, 32 per cent were on beta-blocking drugs. The possible role of adrenergic blocking agents in producing acute central chest pain is discussed. PMID- 36744 TI - Clinical pharmacology of the new beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Part 4. Adverse effects. Choosing a beta-adrenoreceptor blocker. PMID- 36745 TI - Cellular calcium and cardiac cell death. PMID- 36746 TI - Improvement of the glucose oxidase immunoenzyme technic. Use of a tetrazolium whose formazan is stable without heavey metal chelation. AB - Glucose oxidase immunoenzymatic localization provides a simple way to show antigens in mammalian tissues, with no need for the quenching of endogenous nonspecific staining. The method is useful for the demonstration of many antigens in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Improvement of this technic by the use of p-nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) as the disclosing reagent provides a stable, finely grained localization not possible with the previously used thiazolyl blue (MTT). The described modification makes available an ideal immunoenzymatic stain for the study of tissues at the level of the light microscope. This stain is especially useful for the examination of tissues with hemorrhagic or inflammatory lesions, since there is no endogenous background staining. Slides are permanent, and the technic can be used with peroxidase labeled antibody to localize two antigens in the same tissue. PMID- 36747 TI - Alpha1-antitrypsin quantitation and Pi typing of stored postmortem blood. AB - Correlation of necropsy findings with protease inhibitor levels and phenotype is sometimes desirable. This study was designed to determine the feasibility of postmortem protease inhibitor assessment. One hundred fifteen consecutive postmortem samples, stored at -20 C for 24 to 53 months, were analyzed. The time from death to necropsy, storage time, and the pH values of the sera were correlated with alpha1-antitrypsin levels, trypsin inhibitory capacity, and Pi typability. The alpha1-antrypsin level and trypsin inhibitory capacity were not significantly correlated with morgue time, serum storage time, or pH, and mean values were within the expected ranges. A significant decrease in Pi typability occurred when pH was less than 7.0. Moreover, while most (86%) of the sera stored for 2 to 2 1/2 years were typable, only 30% of those stored for more than four years were typable. Determination of alpha1-antitrypsin and trypsin inhibitory capacity are possible with the use of stored postmortem blood. Pi typing is usually possible, provided sera are not acidic and are examined within 2 1/2 years. PMID- 36748 TI - Analytical goals in clinical chemistry: their relationship to medical care. Proceedings of the Subcommittee on Analytical Goals in Clinical Chemistry. World Association of Societies of Pathology, Ciba Foundation, London, England (U. K.), April 25-28, 1978. AB - The discipline of clinical chemistry is undergoing dramatic changes. The force for change stems from a worldwide recognition of the importance of chemical analyses in medical practice. In the past, developments in clinical chemistry were initiated from a technical perspective. This report provides an alternative approach, starting from the patient and then defining the role of the clinical chemistry laboratory in patient care. The discussions attempt to define the relationship between patient care and analytic goal development in statistical terms. This approach provides a method for appraising the needs of medical care in quantitative terms from the perspective of the physician and the patient. The approach also provides guidance for identifying areas where further technical advance is required, as well as areas where present laboratory performance is adequate for patient care in terms of analytic quality. PMID- 36749 TI - Comparison of hemoglobins Wood (alpha 2 beta 2 97 leu) and Malmo (alpha 2 beta 2 97 gln). Diagnostic value of citrate agar electrophoresis. AB - Diagnostic value of citrate agar electrophoresis. Am J Clin Pathol 71:668-671, 1979. Of approximately three dozen hemoglobin variants that have greater than usual oxygen affinity, nearly half are inseparable from hemoglobin A by electrophoresis at pH 8.6. A comparison of hemoglobins Wood (alpha2beta297leu) and Malmo (alpha2beta297gln) is of interest from several standpoints. They represent similar substitutions at the identical locus in the beta chain. They result in identical clinical and hematologic manifestations. Oxygen affinities of these variants are identical. Both are poorly resolved from hemoglobin A by electrophoresis at pH 8.6. The position of each is identical when studied by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. Finally, they are easily distinguished by citrate agar electrophoresis at pH 6.2. The excellent resolution of hemoglobins Malmo and Wood from each other results neither from difference in charge, nor size, nor in quaternary structure. This technic provides a simple but effective means for identifying and differentiating these hemoglobin variants. Comparison with the results of citrate agar electrophoresis of other high oxygen affinity hemoglobins indicates that the findings for hemoglobins Malmo and Wood are unique and unambiguous. PMID- 36750 TI - Characterization of a virus isolated from a case of human infectious hepatitis. AB - A new viral agent, isolated from the serum of an infectious hepatitis patient and designated as Agent II-B, was extensively studied in in vitro and in vivo systems. Agent II-B multiplied well in primary and serial animal cell cultures and in embryonated hen's eggs. Quantal and quantitative infectivity assays were performed in monolayers of African green monkey kidney cells. Effective concentrations of 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine and guanidine hydrochloride did not inhibit the multiplication of Agent II-B, although 2-hydroxybenzyl-benzimidazole was an effective inhibitor. Essential lipids were not detected. The diameter of the agent is 16-25 nm and its buoyant density in CsCl equilibrium density gradients was 1.35 gm/ml. Neutralization test results did not reveal antigenic relatedness between Agent II-B and known human picornaviruses. Apparently, this new viral agent is a picornavirus which possesses the capacity to multiply in unexpectedly diverse cell types. PMID- 36751 TI - Control factors of granulopoiesis in human serum. AB - The role of serum factors in the modulation of production of colony-stimulating activity (CSA) has been investigated. A factor has been described, and partially characterized, in human serum that has the capacity to stimulate increased synthesis and release of CSA by human mononuclear cells (MNC). MNC RNA and protein synthesis are required to demonstrate this effect of serum, but DNA synthesis and mitotic division are not required. The factor in serum resulting in this effect is a heat-labile protein with a molecular weight slightly greater than that of CSA. PMID- 36752 TI - Heritable fragile sites on human chromosomes I. Factors affecting expression in lymphocyte culture. AB - The expression of heritable fragile sites on human chromosomes has been shown to be dependent upon composition of the tissue medium for sites at 2q11, 10q23, 11q13, 16p124, 20p11 and Xq27 or 28 but not for the site at 16q22. Expression of the fragile sites is inhibited by folic acid, thymidine, folinic acid, and probably bromodeoxyuridine, and induced by methrotrexate. In addition, there is a correlation between frequency of expression of the sites and pH of the culture medium for the sites on 2q, 10q and Xq. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed, and a definition and classification of fragile sites is proposed. PMID- 36753 TI - Effect of pH on the stability of heparin in 5% dextrose solutions. AB - The effect of pH and time on the stability of heparin sodium in dextrose 5% in water (D5W) injection and in dextrose 5% in 0.45% sodium chloride injection was studied. Admixtures of heparin sodium 5,000 units/250 ml were tested after 0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 6, 12 and 24 hours of storage at room temperature. The pH of the carrier solutions was adjusted to 2, 4 or 9 prior to adding the heparin sodium. Heparin activity was measured using a thrombin clotting time assay. Samples were tested for pH changes at the same times. No substantial changes in heparin activity over the 24-hour period occurred with any of the pH adjusted solutions. The pH of the heparin-D5W admixtures remained constant over time. The two carrier solutions, over a pH range of 2 to 9, appear to be suitable vehicles for heparin sodium. PMID- 36754 TI - Phenothiazine analgesia--fact or fantasy? AB - Double-blind clinical trials involving the use of phenothiazines as analgesics or potentiators of analgesics (aspirin, meperidine, morphine sulfate) and adverse effects of phenothiazines are reviewed and evaluated. Promethazine, promazine and propiomazine were not found to possess analgesic or potentiating properties. One chlorpromazine study contained important design and reporting deficiencies which precluded a recommendation for use of chlorpromazine in the treatment of pain. Methotrimeprazine was determined by numerous authors to have analgesic properties; however, most of the studies also were deficient in design or data presented, or both. Adverse reactions to phenothiazines, including hypotension, sedation, drowsiness, extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, cardiac toxicity and agranulocytosis, are often more common and severe than those attributed to narcotic analgesics. Because of the lack of data supportive of analgesic activity and the adverse reactions associated with phenothiazines, use of these agents in the management of pain should be discouraged. The prophylactic use of phenothiazine for narcotic analgesic-induced emesis also is, in most cases, a questionable practice. PMID- 36755 TI - Efficacy of antiparkinson agents in preventing antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. AB - The types of extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) reactions produced by antipsychotic agents and the prophylactic use of antiparkinson agents in preventing EPS are reviewed. EPS are classified as akathisias, dystonias, parkinson-like symptoms and tardive dyskinesia, and have a varied incidence reported to range from 10.6 to 100%. Incidence may vary with age, gender, drug and dosage. The prophylactic use of antiparkinson agents to prevent EPS is controversial. Many psychiatrists believe the effect of EPS on patients is more harmful than the side effects of anticholinergics, whereas others believe that because of side effects, increased cost, greater risk to tardive dyskinesia and improper use, the use of antiparkinson agents cannot be justified. Most studies of prophylactic use of antiparkinson agents have lacked adequate control groups, adequate blinding procedures for investigators rating EPS, uniform definitions of EPS, random sampling and careful reporting of group characteristics such as dosage and drugs received. There is a lack of definitive studies of the value of antiparkinson agents in preventing the occurrence of EPS in patients receiving antipsychotics. A large, multicenter study should be undertaken to resolve the issue. PMID- 36756 TI - In vitro acid reactivity of three commercial antacid tablets. AB - The in vitro acid reactivity of three commercial brands of aluminum and magnesium hydroxide antacid tablets was determined by two methods. A pH-stat test was used to examine the rate and extent of acid neutralization at a constant pH of 3.0. A modified Rossett-Rice test was used to record the length of time during which the antacid products maintained the pH of a simulated gastric solution at between 3.0 and 5.0. Acid neutralization by product A was faster and more complete than that by product B or C. The percent of theoretical acid consuming capacity at 30 minutes of product A (86.8%) was significantly greater than that of product B (56.1%) and product C (57.0%) tablets. The 32-minute Rosett-Rice time A was significantly longer than the 16- and 12-minute times of products B and C, respectively. The differences observed may be attributed to different reactivities of the raw materials used in the products, or formulation and processing variables. It is not known how the data relate to in vivo performance. PMID- 36757 TI - Intravenous drug incompatibilities. PMID- 36758 TI - Our successors: Presidential address. PMID- 36759 TI - Corticosteroids and respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 36760 TI - Reduced uterine blood flow and fetal hypoxemia with acute maternal stress: experimental observation in the pregnant baboon. AB - The effects of maternal hyperexcitability on the fetus were studied in 17 baboons. In the period of agitation, induced by stressful stimulus such as exposure to bright light or by clamping of the toe, the mother exhibited an increase in arterial blood pressure and, in some instances, arrhythmia. These changes were accompanied by an increased uterine activity and reduced uterine blood flow, and resulted in a decrease in heart rate and arterial oxygenation in all fetuses. Fetal recovery was prompt after maternal agitation was terminated, either by removal of the stimulus or by sedation with pentobarbital or nitrous oxide. This sedation also prevented a decrease in uterine blood flow when stress was repeated. PMID- 36761 TI - Fetal breathing: a review. AB - The history, physiology, pharmacology, and clinical application of fetal breathing are reviewed. Early optimism that measurements of fetal breathing would aid in perinatal management decisions has remained unfulfilled. Problems to be overcome include standardization of technique and measurement parameters and allowance for physiologic variations. Recent research developments indicate that the likely role of fetal breathing in perinatal medicine will be in conjunction with other established tests of fetal health. PMID- 36762 TI - Beta-agonists and secretory cell number and intracellular glycoproteins in airway epithelium. The effect of isoproterenol and salbutamol. AB - This study describes the effect of systemic administration of the beta-adrenergic agonists isoproterenol and salbutamol on the secretory cell populations in seven regions of rat airway epithelium (three extrapulmonary and four intrapulmonary) and on the size of salivary glands and heart. Isoproterenol (a nonselective beta adrenergic agonist) significantly increases secretory cell number in all airway regions except the midtrachea; salbutamol (a selective beta 2 agonist) increases secretory cell number only in proximal and peripheral regions. The absolute number of secretory cells is greatest in the most peripheral region after isoproterenol administration and in the most proximal region after salbutamol, although both drugs produce the greatest relative increase at the periphery. In proximal and, particularly, peripheral regions, the increase by isoproterenol (less than 3- and 14-fold, respectively) is greater than by salbutamol (less than 2- and less than 3-fold, respectively). In all airway regions, both drugs modify intracellular glycoprotein in the secretory cell population; within a given region, modification is much the same. In the most proximal region, the population of cells synthesizing only granules of neutral glycoprotein significantly increases while in other regions increase is in cells synthesizing only granules of acid. A significant shift in glycoprotein synthesis occurs whether or not the secretory cell population is increased, which suggests that existing as well as newly appearing cells modify their product. Isoproterenol significantly increases the size of the parotid and submaxillary glands; salbutamol increases the size of the parotid only. Isoproterenol significantly increases the weight of both ventricles of the heart; salbutamol has no such effect. PMID- 36763 TI - The ultrastructure of the human epidermis in chronic graft-versus-host disease. AB - The epidermal ultrastructure of 11 allogeneic bone marrow recipients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was compared with that of 4 recipients without chronic GVHD. This electron microscope study revealed three patterns of epidermal injury typical of chronic GVHD. The first type was a nonacantholytic (nondissecting) injury with a prominent cellular infiltrate consisting primarily of lymphocytes accompanied by a few macrophages. The second type was an acantholytic (dissecting) injury with a prominent infiltrate, while the third was a nondissecting injury with a sparse infiltrate. Broad-zone contact was observed between lymphocytes and all epidermal cell types as well as between other lymphocytes and macrophages. Point contact was only observed between lymphocytes and epidermal cells. Lymphocytes appeared to detach desmosomes from adjacent keratinocytes by isolating them with cytoplasmic projections, a phenomenon not previously described. Typical damage to the epidermal cells in the basal and spinous layers consisted of either swelling of the organelles or condensation of the cytoplasm and nucleus. In the keratinocyte, the condensation reaction resulted in the formation of colloid bodies, some of which were phagocytized by macrophages. Besides the cytolytic events, a concurrent stimulatory reaction occurred in the epidermal cells. The number of melanosomes in melanocytes and of Langerhans cell granules and dense bodies in the Langerhans cells all increased. Extensive areas of replication and disruption of the basal lamina were subjacent to areas of necrosis in the basal layer. PMID- 36764 TI - Clinical implications of state-dependent learning. AB - Researchers have found that state-dependent learning is associated with the administration of a wide variety of drugs. Recent data suggest that similar phenomena may occur secondary to endogenous changes in neuroregulatory substances. The authors point out that awareness of such changes in cognitive processing strategies and abilities should help to further our understanding of the phenomenology of psychiatric states and should generate psychotherapeutic techniques designed to maximize the transfer of information across psychiatric states. PMID- 36765 TI - The form and content of schizophrenic hallucinations. AB - To evaluate changes in the hallucinatory experience, the author analyzed the form and content of the hallucinations of 10 schizophrenic patients during two phases of their illness, the acute phase and remission. In both test periods the patients experienced auditory hallucinations as objectively real and as directing their thoughts and behavior. Nonauditory hallucinations appeared more common than cursory examination would suggest. The patients were able to stop auditory hallucinations during remission but not during the acute phase of their illness. Hallucinatory content was threatening and isolating during the acute phase but supportive and socially focused during remissions. PMID- 36766 TI - Informed consent for neuroleptic therapy. AB - The author suggests that the frequency and severity of tardive dyskinesia in patients treated with neuroleptic drugs requires that informed consent be obtained from all patients receiving such treatment. The three basic conditions for obtaining informed consent are reviewed with discussion of some of the ethical problems encountered in the informed consent procedure. Most of these problems will be resolved if specific, written, informed consent is obtained from the patient, or his representative, within six weeks of initiating therapy, although in some cases questions may be raised about the very possibility of obtaining consent. PMID- 36767 TI - Relation between transmucosal potential difference, ionic flux, and the intraluminal supply of H+ in the ferret stomach. AB - To investigate the relation between gastric transmucosal potential difference, ionic flux, and the intraluminal concentration of H+, test solutions containing various concentrations of HCl were instilled into ferret stomachs both before and after exposure to various doses of acetic acid. The changes in ionic composition of the test solution were determined and the transmucosal potential difference was recorded throughout each experiment. The results showed that after exposure to the organic acid (1) ionic flux was proportional to the concentration of acetic acid used and was a direct function of the concentration of H+ within the lumen, and (2) the decrease in transmucosal potential difference was proportional to the concentration of acetic acid used but did not appear to be related to the subsequent magnitude of ionic flux. It is suggested that the decrease in gastric transmucosal potential difference that follows exposure of the gastric mucosa to an organic acid is a measure of the increase in mucosal permeability, whereas the subsequent ionic movements are governed by the concentration of H+ within the gastric lumen. PMID- 36768 TI - [Local infection treatment in accident surgery. C. Gentamycin-containing PMMA spheres and chains. Experimental principles for the application of antibiotic containing polymethylmethacrylate]. PMID- 36769 TI - [Principles of local chemotherapeutic infection management]. PMID- 36770 TI - [Spectrum and sensitivity of bacterial microorganisms in the treatment of bone infections with gentamycin-polymethylmethacrylate]. PMID- 36771 TI - [Indication for and technic of gentamycin-PMMA-spheres insertion in bone and soft tissue defects]. PMID- 36772 TI - [Gentamycin-PMMA-spheres in bone and soft tissue infections - results from the occupational co-operative accident hospital Frankfurt/Main]. PMID- 36773 TI - [Local antibiotic therapy of bone and soft tissue infections using gentamycin synthetic chains - results and experiences in "Bergmannsheil" in Bochum]. PMID- 36774 TI - [Clinical results of local treatment of surgical infections using gentamycin-PMMA spheres/chains in Vienna]. PMID- 36775 TI - [Treatment results using PMMA-chains in Ulm]. PMID- 36776 TI - [Local treatment of surgical infections using PMMA-spheres and chains - results from Berlin]. PMID- 36777 TI - [Clinical experiences in the application of gentamycin-PMMA-spheres and chains in 134 cases of bone and soft tissue infections in Strasbourg]. PMID- 36778 TI - [4-year experiences and results of osteomyelitis treatment using PMMA-spheres and chains in Murnau]. PMID- 36779 TI - [Problems in local antibacterial therapy]. PMID- 36780 TI - [Histological progress studies of osteomyelitis treated locally with gentamycin]. PMID- 36781 TI - [Use of gentamycin-PMMA minichains in septic hand surgery]. PMID- 36782 TI - [Local treatment of infections in accident surgery - discussion and recommendations of all participants]. PMID- 36783 TI - [Gentamycin-PMMA in joint prosthesis. Indication and technic in the use of Refobacin-Palacos in joint prosthesis]. PMID- 36784 TI - [Results of prophylactic use of Refobacin-Palacos in implantation of endoprostheses of the hip joint in Hannover]. PMID- 36785 TI - [Prophylactic use of gentamycin-Palacos in the Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, England]. PMID- 36786 TI - [Prospective study on the effect of gentamycin-Palacos in 200 total hip prostheses]. PMID- 36787 TI - [Results with Refobacin-Palacos in the changing of infected prostheses. Results of prostheses exchange under cover of Refobacin-Palacos in Hamburg]. PMID- 36788 TI - [Exchange operation with Refobacin-Palacos in infected total hip endoprosthesis]. PMID- 36789 TI - [Late infection following total hip endoprosthesis and its treatment with antibiotic-containing bone cement]. PMID- 36790 TI - [Local infection treatment in general, thoracic and vascular surgery. Fistula problem in soft tissue surgery - skin fistulas]. PMID- 36791 TI - [Infection and stability]. PMID- 36792 TI - [Refobacin-Palacos in joint prosthesis - discussion and recommendations of all participants]. PMID- 36793 TI - [Local infection treatment in abdominal surgery. I]. PMID- 36794 TI - [Local infection treatment in abdominal surgery. II]. PMID- 36795 TI - [Tauroline in peritonitis]. PMID- 36796 TI - [Local treatment of infections in the thoracic area]. PMID- 36797 TI - [Gentamycin-PMMA chains for infection prevention following pneumonectomy for bronchial cancer]. PMID- 36798 TI - [Wound infection in vascular surgery - significance of local wound treatment]. PMID- 36799 TI - [Local treatment of general, thoracic and vascular surgical infections - discussion and recommendations of all participants]. PMID- 36800 TI - [Local infection treatment in accident surgery. A. Irrigation-suction drainage. Indications, procedure and technic of irrigation-suction drainage]. PMID- 36801 TI - [Results in new infections using irrigation-suction drainage]. PMID- 36802 TI - [The value of antibiotic addition to the irrigation fluid in irrigation-suction drainage]. PMID- 36803 TI - [Local infection treatment in accident surgery. B. Disinfection solutions. Introduction]. PMID- 36804 TI - [Characterization of disinfectants]. PMID- 36805 TI - [Experimental studies on tissue compatibility of disinfectant solutions]. PMID- 36806 TI - [Clinical experiences with disinfectant solutions in posttraumatic osteitis]. PMID- 36807 TI - Post-partum sterilisation--an anaesthetic hazard? AB - A case of acid aspiration pneumonitis which occurred in the puerperium is described. Gastric aspirate was collected in fifty patients undergoing postpartum sterilisation. Results of pH and volume suggest these patients should be regarded as potential candidates at risk of developing Mendelson's syndrome. PMID- 36808 TI - Postoperative analgesia. AB - Postoperative analgesia both by drugs and regional techniques is reviewed. In the United Kingdom in the last 25 years or more there has been little advance on either front. Some marginal improvement in regard to drugs might be brought about by better education of both doctors and nurses and better patient contact. Extradural analgesia and intercostal block do not offer a complete solution, though a judicious increase in the use certainly of the former might be beneficial. The problem awaits a radical new approach. PMID- 36809 TI - A joint meeting of the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain & Ireland and the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Anasthesiologie und Intensivmedicin. PMID- 36810 TI - Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. PMID- 36811 TI - A comparative analysis of the interaction of borate ion with various polyols. PMID- 36812 TI - A simple, specific radiometric assay for 5'-nucleotidase. PMID- 36813 TI - Pre-anesthetic cimetidine alteration of gastric fluid volume and pH. AB - Gastric volume and pH were studied immediately after induction of anesthesia and endotracheal intubation in 101 elective surgical patients. Of 44 patients not given cimetidine, 82% had a gastric pH less than 2.5 with a mean pH of 1.6; 45% of these patients had a gastric aspirate pH less than 2.5 associated with a volume exceeding 25 ml. In 57 patients premedicated with intravenous cimetidine at variable intervals (15 to 60 minutes) prior to induction of anesthesia, a significant time-dependent increase was noted in gastric pH (p less than 0.001) together with a decline in gastric volume (p less than 0.001). Of the patients given intravenous cimetidine (mean 4.5 mg/kg) 45 minutes prior to induction of anesthesia, 90% had a gastric pH greater than 2.5. The increase in gastric pH after cimetidine administration would result in a reduced chemical pulmonary reaction should aspiration occur during induction of anesthesia. PMID- 36814 TI - The salutary effects of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) in experimentally induced pseudomonas pneumonia. PMID- 36815 TI - Anesthetic considerations in Takayasu arteritis. PMID- 36816 TI - Massive blood replacement: correlation of ionized calcium, citrate, and hydrogen ion concentration. PMID- 36817 TI - Pre-anesthetic cimetidine and gastric pH. PMID- 36818 TI - Clinical, electroencephalographic, and pharmacokinetic studies of a water-soluble benzodiazepine, midazolam maleate. PMID- 36819 TI - Convulsions in mice after anesthesia. PMID- 36820 TI - Milk of magnesia is an effective preinduction antacid in obstetric anesthesia. PMID- 36821 TI - Dopamine treatment of spinal hypotension decreases uterine blood flow in the pregnant ewe. AB - In seven pregnant ewes, 3--5 min of hypotension resulting from spinal anesthesia decreased uterine blood flow 17 per cent. Dopamine, in doses sufficient to maintain blood pressure at control values (20--40 micrgram/kg/min) for 3--5 min, further decreased uterine blood flow to 56 per cent less than control and increased uterine vascular resistance to 50 per cent more than control. Following 30 min of hypotension, 30 min of dopamine administration in doses sufficient to restore blood pressure to control values (5--20 microgram/kg/min) similarly decreased uterine blood flow to 29 per cent less than control and increased uterine vascular resistance to 35 per cent more than control. PMID- 36822 TI - Effects of changes in maternal--fetal pH on the transplacental equilibrium of bupivacaine. AB - Increases in the maternal-fetal pH gradient that may occur during labor and delivery may increase the fetal concentration of local anesthetics. The authors evaluated effects of pH changes on the transplacental concentration equilibrium of bupivacaine. They increased the maternal-fetal pH gradient in each of six pregnant ewes from a control value of 0.15 to 0.54 by hyperventilating the lungs of the ewe and infusing lactic acid into her fetus. After infusion of bupivacaine, 0.15 mg/kg, intravenously into the mother, the drug rapidly appeared in fetal blood, with values significantly increased over control values at 1 and 5 min. The fetal/maternal (f/m) ratios were increased significantly at 5, 15, and 30 min. The f/m ratios had stabilized by 15 min in both control and experimental states, suggesting that equilibrium had been achieved. The consistently low f/m ratios are explained by the presumed similarity of the ovine maternal and fetal protein binding rates to those of man. It is concluded that the maternal and fetal pH values are major factors in the determination of the f/m ratios. PMID- 36823 TI - Asthma, then and now: are we treating it better? PMID- 36824 TI - At National P/MH Meeting: conferees recommend more data research. PMID- 36825 TI - Dynamics of the control of ventilation during metabolic acidosis and its correction. PMID- 36826 TI - H-2 histamine receptors. PMID- 36827 TI - Correlation of pharmacological effects with plasma levels of antihypertensive drugs in man. PMID- 36828 TI - Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs in hypertension. PMID- 36829 TI - Determinants of drug disposition and effect in the fetus. PMID- 36830 TI - Molecular mechanisms in the receptor action of benzodiazepines. PMID- 36831 TI - [Effect of carbon and nitrogen source additions on the development of a productive strain of P. nigricans Thom and on the level of adenylates in its mycelium]. AB - Growth of the cultured strain og P. nigricans and dynamics of the adenylate levels in its mycelium on mineral media with 2 per cent of glucose were studied in relation to the means and time of addition of glucose, NaNO3 or their mixture to the medium. It was shown that the maximum yield of the mycelium could be obtained with addition of glucose once at the moment of inoculation. The mixture of glucose with NaNO3 provided even higher yields of the biomass but only with its fractional addition. Introduction of additional amounts of NaNO3 at the moment of inoculation and during the growth phase (5 days) inhibited the subsequent development of the culture providing stable levels of ATP and ADP, while introduction of NaNO3 on the 7th day stimulated the culture growth and the antibiotic yield. The use of NaNO3 in the mixture with glucose eliminated inhibition and increased the ratio of ATP to ADP and the antibiotic yield. PMID- 36832 TI - [Aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase from Actinomyces fradiae. Its isolation, purification and properties]. AB - Aminoglycoside phosphotransferase was isolated from the mycelium of Act. fradiae, the neomycin-producing organism, with paromomycin, neomycin and to a less extent ribostamycin being substrates of aminoglycoside-phosphotransferase. It was purified to homogenous state. The maximum activity of the enzyme preparations was observed at pH 7.7--7.8;KM for neomycin and paromomycin was about 20 micron and KM for ATP was 150 micron. Mg2+ ions were necessary for the enzyme activity. None of the divalent cations tested could replace the magnesium ions in the reaction of phosphorylation catalyzed by the enzyme. High sensitivity to the ionic strength of the buffer was characteristic of the enzyme. It lost about 80 per cent of the initial activity at a concentration of KC1 equal to 1.0 M. The molecular mass of the enzyme from the mycelium of Act. fradiae was determined by the method of gel-filtration through sefadex G-100. It was about 22,000. High stability was characteristic of the enzyme. The fingings indicate that aminoglycoside phosphotransferase from Act. fradiae differs from the described aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferases isolated from antibiotic resistant bacteria. PMID- 36833 TI - [Aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase from Actinomyces fradiae. The identification of its inactivation product]. AB - Neomycin phosphate was obtained as a result of neomycin phosphorylation with aminoglycoside-phosphotransferase from Act. fradiae. It was isolated from the reaction mixture and purified. Successive ion exchange chromatography on columns with Amberlite IRC-50 (NH+4 form), Dowex 1 X 10 (OH- form) and Amberlite CG-50 (NH+4 form) was used for purification of the inactivation product. The findings of the elementary analysis of neomycin phosphate showed the presence of 1 mole of phosphorus per 1 mole of the antibiotic. From the results of the chemical analysis, IR- and NMR-spectrometry neomycin phosphate and neamine phosphate obtained from it by methanolysis were identified as neomycin-3'-phosphate and neamine-3'-phosphate, respectively. The data indicate that the enzyme isolated from Act. fradiae is aminoglycoside-3'-phosphotransferase. PMID- 36834 TI - Properties of beta-glucan synthetase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Properties of beta-glucan synthetase from S. cerevisiae were studied. The enzyme exhibited optimal activity at pH 6.7 and 24 C. Km for UDP-glucose was 0.12 mM. Addition of Mg++ or Mn++ stimulated its activity by 60% and 21% respectively. High concentrations of EDTA and hydroxyquinoline were inhibitory. Glucan synthetase was fully active in cell-free extracts. Small concentrations of trypsin or subtilopeptidase A from Bacillus subtilis, caused only a slight increase in glucosyl transferase activity, but larger concentrations destroyed beta-glucan synthetase. Acid proteases were neither stimulatory nor destructive. Thus it seems unlikely that beta-glucan synthetase exists in a zymogen form. Glucan synthetase was unstable. It was inactivated more rapidly at 28 C than at 0 C. The presence of substrate, beta-glucan or the protease inhibitors PMSF, Antipain or Pepstatin A did not protect beta-glucan synthetase from inactivation. Glucan synthetase was not stimulated by addition of cellobiose or beta-glucans. The synthesis of beta-glucans was competitively inhibited by UDP (Ki = 0.45 mM). Glucono-delta-lactone, a known inhibitor of beta-glucosidases was a strong non competitive inhibitor of beta-glucan synthetase. PMID- 36835 TI - Nitroblue tetrazolium-dye reduction by rat peritoneal macrophages during the uptake of Diplococcus pneumoniae, type VI. AB - The relationship between the rate of particle ingestion and the rate of Nitroblue Tetrazolium (NBT)-dye reduction by macrophages was studied after incubation of peritoneal exudate macrophages with heat-killed type VI pneumococci. The adherence to a polyethylene surface of the macrophages during the uptake of the pneumococci was determined as well. In some experiments pneumococci opsonized with heat-stable opsonins were used as material to be ingested. The NBT-dye reduction and the surface adherence of the macrophages was enhanced when ingesting normal heat-killed pneumococci. During the uptake of opsonized, heat killed pneumococci the macrophages showed an unaltered NBT-dye reduction and less adherence to a polyethylene surface as compared with macrophages incubated with normal heat-killed pneumococci. This implies that using opsonized pneumococci the quantitative NBT-dye reduction assay is not reliable as a parameter for macrophage phagocytosis, because the uptake was in fact enhanced. The surface adherence of the macrophages did not reflect the enhanced ingestion of opsonized bacteria either. PMID- 36836 TI - Basal ganglia: control function in instrumental behavior. PMID- 36837 TI - Studies on the transmitters of the afferent and efferent pathways of the striatum and their interaction in the baboon, cat and rat. PMID- 36838 TI - Effect of some neurotransmitters on the release of dopamine in rat striatal slices. PMID- 36839 TI - Urease-producing species of intestinal anaerobes and their activities. AB - Urease activities of anaerobic bacteria that constituted predominant gut flora were examined. It was demonstrated that some strains of Eubacterium aerofaciens, E. lentum, and Peptostreptococcus products produced urease. They were the most numerous species in human feces. All strains of Bifidobacterium infantis and some strains of Bacteroides multiacidus, B. bifidum, Clostridium symbiosum, Fusobacterium necrophorum, F. varium, Lactobacillus fermentum, Peptococcus asaccharolyticus, and P. prevotii produced urease. The optimum pH of the Lactobacillus urease was found to be 4.0, whereas the pH value of B. multiacidus urease was 8.0. PMID- 36840 TI - Emulsifier of Arthrobacter RAG-1: isolation and emulsifying properties. AB - The oil-degrading Arthrobacter sp. RAG-1 produced an extracellular nondialyzable emulsifying agent when grown on hexadecane, ethanol, or acetate medium. The emulsifier was prepared by two procedures: (i) heptane extraction of the cell free culture medium and (ii) precipitation with ammonium sulfate. A convenient assay was developed for measurement of emulsifier concentrations between 3 and 75 micrograms/ml. The rate of emulsion fromation was proportional to both hydrocarbon and emulsifier concentrations. Above pH 6, activity was dependent upon divalent cations; half-maximum activity was obtained in the presence of 1.5 mM Mg2+. With a ratio of gas oil to emulsifier of 50, stable emulsions were formed with average droplet sizes of less than 1 micron. Emulsifier production was parallel to growth on either hydrocarbon or nonhydrocarbon substrates during the exponential phase; however, production continued after growth ceased. PMID- 36841 TI - Bacteriocin production by Clostridium acetobutylicum in an industrial fermentation process. AB - High titers of a noninducible bacteriocin were produced by Clostridium acetobutylicum in a molasses fermentation medium used for the industrial production of solvents. Release of the bacteriocin towards the end of the exponential growth phase was accompanied by lysis of the culture and inhibition of the production of solvents. The producer cells were sensitive to the bacteriocin, which only affected other C. acetobutylicum strains and a Clostridium felsineum strain. The thermolabile bacteriocin was not inactivated by protease enzymes and had no optimum stability between pH 4 and 5. The sedimentation coefficient of the bacteriocin was 6S. PMID- 36842 TI - Heat resistance of Byssochlamys ascospores. AB - Ascospores from 25 strains of Byssochlamys were studied for their ability to resist heat treatment in a standard defined medium. Seven of these were able to survive heating at 90 degrees C for 25 min or longer, when initial numbers were frequently near 10(6)/ml. Ascospores from five resistant strains suspended in the medium at pH 5.0 were usually more resistant than those at pH 3.6. Rapid heat inactivation occurred for one strain at pH 6.6. Nonlogarithmic heat death rate was observed in all strains tested. PMID- 36843 TI - Clostridium botulinum growth and toxin production in tomato juice containing Aspergillus gracilis. AB - The ability of spores of one type A and one type B strain of Clostridium botulinum to grow and produce toxin in tomato juice was investigated. The type A strain grew at pH 4.9, but not at pH 4.8; the type B strain grew at pH 5.1, but not at pH 5.0. Aspergillus gracilis was inoculated along with C. botulinum spores into pH 4.2 tomato juice; in a nonhermetic unit, a pH gradient developed under the mycelial mat, resulting in C. botulinum growth and toxin production. In a hermetic unit, mold growth was reduced, and no pH gradient was detected; however, C. botulinum growth and low levels of toxin production (less than 10 50% lethal doses per ml) still occurred and were associated with the mycelial mat. The results of tests to find filterable or dialyzable growth factors were negative. It was demonstrated that for toxin production C. botulinum and the mold had to occupy the same environment. PMID- 36844 TI - Concentration of poliovirus from tap water using positively charged microporous filters. AB - Microporous filters that are more electropositive than the negatively charged filters currently used for virus concentrations from water by filter adsorption elution methods were evaluated for poliovirus recovery from tap water. Zeta Plus filters composed of diatomaceous earth-cellulose-"charge-modified" resin mixtures and having a net positive charge of up to pH 5 to 6 efficiently adsorbed poliovirus from tap water at ambient pH levels 7.0 to 7.5 without added multivalent cation salts. The adsorbed virus were eluted with glycine-NaOH, pH 9.5 to 11.5. Electropositive asbestos-cellulose filters efficiently adsorbed poliovirus from tap water without added multivalent cation salts between pH 3.5 and 9.0, and the absorbed viruses could be eluted with 3% beef extract, pH 9, but not with pH 9.5 to 11.5 glycine-NaOH. Under water quality conditions in which poliovirus recoveries from large volumes of water were less than 5% with conventional negatively charged filters and standard methods, recoveries with Zeta Plus filters averaged 64 and 22.5% for one- and two-stage concentration procedures, respectively. Electropositive filters appear to offer distinct advantages over conventional negatively charged filters for concentrating enteric viruses from water, and their behavior tends to confirm the importance of electrostatic forces in virus recovery from water by microporous filter adsorption-elution methods. PMID- 36845 TI - Development of a quantitative method for the detection of enteroviruses in soil. AB - A method is described for efficiently concentrating enteroviruses from soil. Viruses were eluted from soil by mechanical agitation in high pH glycine buffer containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The eluted viruses were concentrated on a floc that formed de novo upon adjustment of the soil eluate to 0.06 M aluminum chloride and pH 3.5. Viruses not pelleted with the floc were concentrated by adsorption to and elution from membrane filters. This method yielded an average efficiency of 66% recovery from loamy sand soil for four enteroviruses. Virus recovery from soil was consistently high, with samples ranging in size from 25 to 500 g. The method was used successfully to isolate naturally occurring viruses from soil beneath a wastewater land treatment site. Recovery of enteroviruses by this method form different types of soil was dependent on percentage of clay, surface area, and cation exchange capacity. Recovery was not dependent on soil saturation pH or on percentage of organic matter. This method should prove useful for studying enterovirus migration and survival during the land application of domestic sewage. PMID- 36846 TI - Determinants in microbial colonization of the murine gastrointestinal tract: pH, temperature, and energy-yielding metabolism of Torulopsis pintolopesii. AB - Torulopsis pintolopesii is an indigenous yeast that colonizes the secreting epithelia in the stomachs of mice and rats. A wild-type strain of this microbe was isolated and identified. To attempt to learn characteristics of the yeast that are advantageous to it in colonizing its natural habitat in vivo, we examined some aspects of its nutrition and energy-yielding metabolism and some environmental conditions that influence its growth in vitro. The yeast appeared to be limited in the compounds it can utilize as carbon and nitrogen sources. It grew best at 37 degrees C and did not grow at 23 or 43 degrees C. It grew optimally at neutral pH but could grow aerobically at pH values as low as 2.0 and anaerobically at pH values as low as 3.4. As assessed by measurements of growth rates and yield coefficients, it grew better aerobically than anaerobically. When grown aerobically, it had a cyanide-sensitive system for taking up O(2) and tested positively for cytochrome c oxidase activity. A petite mutant strain isolated from the wild-type strain had a growth rate and yield coefficient when incubated aerobically that were essentially the same as those of the wild-type parent grown anaerobically. Likewise similar to the wild-type parent grown anaerobically, the petite strain, though incubated aerobically, did not take up O(2). Yeast-free mice associated with either the wild-type or the petite mutant strain were colonized at essentially the same rates and to similar final population levels by both strains. The yeast's capacity to respire may be of little advantage to it in its natural environment. By contrast, its abilities to grow best at 37 degrees C and to grow at low pH values are undoubtedly advantageous characteristics in this respect. The limitations in its carbon and nitrogen nutrition are difficult to evaluate as ecological factors in its colonization of the natural habitat. PMID- 36847 TI - Measurement of the inactivation kinetics of poliovirus by ozone in a fast-flow mixer. AB - Inactivation kinetics of poliovirus type 1 in ozone demand-free water was investigated by utilizing a fast-flow mixing apparatus. Ozonated water and a solution of ozone demand-free water containing a known quantity of poliovirus type 1 were introduced simultaneously into a mixing chamber, both at a constant rate. This mixture was then passed through a narrow tube of known length and diameter into a neutralizing solution. By altering the rate of introduction and/or tube length, different contact periods between ozone and virus could be determined with an accuracy of 0.01 s. Inactivation of the poliovirus occurred in two steps. During the first step, which lasted for 0.2 to 1.0 s, 95 to 99% of the virus was inactivated, depending on the ozone concentration (which ranged from 0.1 to 2.0 mg/liter). The second step apparently continued for several minutes; in this period the remainder of the virus was inactivated. An obvious dose response relationship was demonstrated during the first step of the inactivation curve. The pH of the water slightly affected the viral inactivation rate, but these small differences seem to have no practical value. PMID- 36848 TI - Effect of environmental parameters on the biodegradation of oil sludge. AB - A laboratory study was conducted with the aim of evaluating and optimizing the environmental parameters of "landfarming", i.e., the disposal by biodegradation in soil of oily sludges generated in the refining of crude oil and related operations. Oil sludge biodegradation was monitored by CO2 evolution and by periodic analysis of residual hydrocarbons. The parameters studied were soil moisture, pH, mineral nutrients, micronutrients, organic supplements, treatment rate, teratment frequency, and incubation temperature. Oil sludge biodegradation was optimal at a soil water-holding capacity of 30 to 90%, a pH of 7.5 to 7.8, C:N and C:P ratios of 60:1 and 800:1, respectively, and a temperature of 20 degrees C or above. Addition of micronutrients and organic supplements was not beneficial; sewage sludge interfered with hydrocarbon biodegradation. Breakdown of the saturated hydrocarbon (alkane and cycloalkane) fraction was the highest at low application rates, but higher application rates favored the biodegradation of the aromatic and asphaltic fractions. An application rate of 5% (wt/wt) oil sludge hydrocarbon to the soil (100,000 liters/hectare) achieved a good compromise between high biodegradation rates and efficient land use and resulted in the best overall biodegradation rate of all hydrocarbon classes. Frequent small applications resulted in higher biodegradation than single large applications. Two 100,000-liter/hectare (255 barrels per acre) or four 50,000 liter/hectare oil sludge hydrocarbon applications per growing season seem appropriate for most temperate zone disposal sites. PMID- 36849 TI - Magnitude of pollution indicator organisms in rural potable water. AB - A total of 460 water samples were randomly drawn from the potable water supply sources of rural communities in three counties of South Carolina. About 10% of the population, not incorporated in municipalities, was sampled. The samples were tested for total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and fecal streptococci. Significant levels of these pollution indicator organisms were detected in almost all the water supplies. Total coliforms were the most common, and only 7.5% of the water supplies were uncontaminated. E. coli, considered a reliable indicator of recent and dangerous pollution, was observed in 43% of the water supplies. Statistical analyses indicated that the bacterial populations, especially E. coli, were associated with the supply source depth and its distance from the septic tank. Total coliform counts were also weakly correlated to the pH of the water. PMID- 36850 TI - Partial reactivation of chlorine-treated echovirus. AB - After treatment of a dispersed suspension of echovirus with HOCl, much of the lost plaque titer was restored if the treated virus was induced to aggregate by adjustment of the suspending medium to pH 4.5. This did not appear to be a repair of individual virions but rather a special kind of multiplicity-related increase in plaquing efficiency which occurred when the host cell received several of the damaged virions in a clump. PMID- 36851 TI - Amino acid esterification by alpha-chymotrypsin immobilized in spiropyran membrane. PMID- 36852 TI - Lysophospholipase and transacylase activities of rat gastric mucosa. PMID- 36853 TI - Alkalinization within sarcoplasmic reticulum during the uptake of calcium ions. PMID- 36854 TI - Inhibition of O2 evolution by NADP in isolated potato tuber chloroplast and its identity with 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea inhibition site. PMID- 36855 TI - Energy-dependent contraction of swollen heart mitochondria--activation by butacaine. PMID- 36856 TI - European Society for Paediatric Nephrology. Twelfth annual meeting, Israel, 17-22 September 1978. PMID- 36857 TI - [Anatomical Society of Paris (proceedings of January 5, February 2, May 19 and June 15, 1978)]. PMID- 36858 TI - Graft patency in coronary bypass surgery. AB - A total of 514 vein bypass grafts and 49 internal mammary (IMA) grafts in 328 patients were studied after operation. Forty-two vein bypass grafts were performed without the use of a pump oxygenator, with a patency rate of 52%. When a pump oxygenator was used, the patency rate for vein bypass grafts was 78%. Patency rates for IMA grafts were 70% and 86%, respectively. In a small group of patients, endarterectomy with vein bypass grafts resulted in a patency rate of 59% in the right coronary artery, 88% in the left anterior descending coronary artery, and 74% in the circumflex artery. Except for the right coronary artery, these results compare favorably with those from vein bypass graft patency without endarterectomy. On the basis of these findings, insertion of bypass grafts into the coronary arteries without the use of a pump oxygenator cannot be recommended, unless the technique employed can be shown to produce graft patency rates comparable to those resulting from grafts done with the use of a pump oxygenator. Endarterectomy to the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries would not appear to affect vein bypass graft patency. PMID- 36859 TI - Respiratory acidosis with the small Storz-Hopkins bronchoscopes: occurrence and management. AB - Carbon dioxide retention in the Storz rigid ventilating bronchoscope with the Hopkins lens system was investigated in the laboratory. The 3.5, 4.0, and 5.0 30 cm Storz bronchoscopes with a 3.95-mm (outside diameter) telescope lens were used in 10 mongrel dogs weighing between 8 and 15 kg. Significant (p less than 0.01) accumulation of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) (respiratory acidosis) was observed after 5 and 10 minutes of ventilation through the 3.5 and 4.0 bronchoscopes, but no significant increase in PaCO2 was noted with the 5.0 bronchoscope. There was no significant change in arterial oxygen tension under the same conditions. Manual compression of the upper anterior abdominal wall during expiration was applied during bronchoscopy in 6 children. Arterial blood samples were taken before insertion of the bronchoscope and 5 minutes later with and without abdominal compression during expiration. A significant increase (p less than 0.05) in PaCO2 and a decrease in pH were observed after 5 minutes of the bronchoscopic procedure without manual compression of the abdominal wall, while no significant changes in PaCO2 were observed with abdominal compression. PMID- 36860 TI - Takayasu's arteritis: surgical considerations. AB - Takayasu's arteritis, the nonspecific occlusive disease originally believed to affect young Oriental women exclusively, was identified in a 19-year-old man who had severe involvement of the aortic arch and its branches. Successful surgical treatment was accomplished with a bypass from the ascending aorta to the supraceliac abdominal aorta using a tube graft. The right vertebral artery, as the single patent vessel reaching the head, was revascularized distal to the stenosis with a tube graft that extended from the aortic graft. Revascularization of ischemic organ systems and body areas may be accomplished in most patients with Takayasu's arteritis using the bypass concept and fabric conduit grafts. PMID- 36861 TI - ECG changes during long-term minoxidil therapy for severe hypertension. AB - A prospective assessment of the effects of minoxidil on the ECG was carried out in a series of 80 patients with severe hypertension, representing an observation of 139.6 patient years. In combination with beta-adrenergic blocking agents and diuretics, minoxidil resulted in substantial reductions in blood pressure at rest and during exercise. Concomitant with the initiation of minoxidil treatment, ECG changes consisting of flattening or inversion of the T waves, ranging from slight to very marked, were observed in 90% of the patients. While these changes may be potentially disconcerting, the observations of this study show that they are not related to changes in heart rate or other clinical criteria associated with myocardial ischemia. They are not influenced by exercise or beta-blockade and they generally revert to control appearance during chronic treatment, at which time accompanying improvement in preexisting abnormalities of the T wave was frequently seen. During long-term treatment, a substantial reduction of increased QRS voltages was observed. PMID- 36862 TI - [Muscle meat quality studies in swine. 6. The effect of genetic structure and sex]. PMID- 36863 TI - Lateral cerebral ventricular enlargement in chronic schizophrenia. AB - To investigate if cerebral ventricular enlargement is associated with chronic schizophrenia, computerized tomography scans from 73 psychiatric patients were compared with 56 asymptomatic volunteers all less than 50 years old. Ventricular size was significantly greater in the subgroup of 58 chronic schizophrenic patients than in the controls. Of the chronic schizophrenic patients, 40% were outside the control range; 53% exceeded 2 SDs of the control mean. Neither duration of illness nor length of hospitalization correlated with ventricular size. The 44 chronic schizophrenic patients who had never been treated with electroshock therapy (EST) had larger ventricles than controls. A group of seven nonchronic schizophrenic patients also had enlarged ventricles; the eight patients who were either schizoaffective or nonschizophrenic did not differ from controls. This study shows that lateral cerebral ventricular enlargement is associated with chronic schizophrenia; it suggests that this is not a result of treatment. PMID- 36864 TI - NIMH clinical research branch collaborative program on the psychobiology of depression. AB - This is a report on the history and implications of the collaborative effort that evolved from the 1969 National Institute of Mental Health conference on the psychobiology of depression. The major issues identified at that time were the need to (1) assess relative validities of current systems of nosology and (2) retest critical biological hypotheses concerning the etiology and nature of the depressive disorders. Research was required that would be multidisciplinary and involve clinical settings treating diverse types of depression. The objectives and the nature of the biological and clinical collaborative programs that were designed to address these problems are described. These unique programs, initiated in the early 1970s, currently span research on nosology, genetics, neurochemistry, neuroendocrinology, and psychosocial factors. Although these studies are still in the early stages, they have resulted in significant methodologic developments in diagnosis, descriptive psychopathology, and biological measurements. PMID- 36865 TI - Clinical usefulness of sodium amobarbital interviewing. AB - We report a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study utilizing a within subjects design on 20 hospitalized, psychiatric patients who participated in sodium amobarbital interviews to determine if the drug has a specific effect in eliciting clinically useful information. The patients selected had difficulty communicating with their primary therapists during the postadmission, diagnostic interviews. Two raters completed a Hamilton Depression Scale, a New Haven Schizophrenia Index, and a Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale after each interview. Although both the amobarbital and saline interviews were moderately useful in obtaining new information, we found no significant difference in the primary therapists' assessments of clinical usefulness. In addition, the drug interview did not uncover material that would aid in the differential diagnosis between depression and schizophrenia. There was, however, a significant negative correlation between the assessment of general usefulness and the time interval between admission and interviewing. We report our only exception, a case of catatonic schizophrenia, in which the patient responded specifically to the drug. PMID- 36866 TI - Lithium in the treatment of mania: comparisons with neuroleptics. PMID- 36867 TI - Lithium in the treatment of schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders. PMID- 36868 TI - In vitro aggregations in solutions simulating urine. PMID- 36869 TI - pH-induced platelet ultrastructural alterations. A possible mechanism for impaired platelet aggregation. AB - After the observation that lavages with alkaline solutions exert a beneficial effect on the bleeding tendency and increase platelet aggregation in patients with intragastric hemorrhage, studies were undertaken to find a relationship between changes of pH and platelet morphology. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed that at a pH lower than 7.4, normal human platelets change their internal structure as well as their shape, becoming spheres deprived of pseudopodia. On the other hand, a pH higher than 7.4 induces transformation of platelet internal organelles similar to that caused by thrombin. At an alkaline pH, the platelets develop multiple pseudopodia that facilitate their attachment to each other. These findings may explain the increased platelet aggregation in alkaline medium demonstrated in one of our previous works. PMID- 36870 TI - The gastroesophageal scintiscan. Comparison of methods to demonstrate gastroesophageal reflux. AB - The gastroesophageal (GE) scintiscan method of detecting GE reflux was evaluated in a series of 54 patients. Twenty-nine patients had evidence of GE reflux by fluoroscopically monitored barium swallow, esophagogastroscopy, or esophageal biopsy. The pH reflux study showed pathological reflux in four patients. The GE scintiscan demonstrated reflux in only four of these 29 patients. Although the GE scintiscan is a safe, noninvasive technique, in our experience, GE reflux was demonstrated only in those patients in whom reflux was easily verified by barium swallow, esophagoscopy, or esophageal mucosal biopsy. This study indicates that the GE scintiscan, like the pH reflux study, is too insersitive to be of consistent value in the diagnosis of GE reflux. PMID- 36871 TI - Determination of monoureides in biological fluids by high-pressure-liquid chromatography. PMID- 36872 TI - [Mediator stage in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system in pre- and postnatal ontogeny and the importance of its study for clinical application]. AB - In 1972 a new definition "mediatory stage" in the development of the vegetative nervous system during ontogenesis was introduced and it was stated that at the prenatal stage in the heart, along the course of magistral vessels, and into other organs begin to sprout up at first nervous truncs lacking in mediators, and then, beginning from 8--9 weeks (in man), the mediators appear at first in cholinergic and then in adrenergic plexus (V. N. Shvalev et al., 1972). In clinical embryonal mortality is especially great during the stage of premediatory development, that corresponds to the period of placentation. The beginning of the mediatory stage (the 3d month of prenatal life) is characterized by an intensive differentiation of the neural apparatus in the heart and its innervated structures. At first cholinergic and then adrenergic nerve plexus are formed, nevertheless, by the time of birth these plexus, especially adrenergic ones are not yet fully differentiated. During the first year of life there is noted a rather high rate of so called "sudden death". During the following 3--4 years there is a new intensive rise in differentiation of the cardiac cholinergic and adrenergic nerve plexus and by the 6--8th year of age the density of these plexus reaches its maximum (about 10%). This index is constant up to 40 years of age, and then a noticeable decrease in the density of adrenergic plexus takes place, while that of cholinergic plexus remains rather constant. After 60 years of age an involution takes place at first in adrenergic and then in cholinergic plexus, and the "postmediatory" stage occurs. The problem of "sudden death" is closely connected with the changes described for the mediators in the cardiac and vascular plexuses (V. N. Shvalev, R. A. Stropus and E. K. Morozov, 1978). PMID- 36873 TI - Granulomatous angiitis of the CNS. AB - A 25-year-old man had granulomatous angiitis of the CNS. The disease began with symptoms of an upper respiratory tract infection; it had a relentless course, simulating viral encephalitis, with the patient dying some six months after the onset of symptoms. The lesions were confined to small intracranial arteries and veins, predominantly about the cerebellum. An unusual feature was the occurrence of a small (2 mm) aneurysm on a leptomeningeal artery deep in a cerebellar sulcus. There is a need for pooling data and pathological material by an international body to enable detailed expert analysis of large numbers of cases of cerebral angiitis that do not now constitute a homogeneous group. PMID- 36874 TI - Ammonia and urea content of human incisor tooth plaque. PMID- 36875 TI - Otitis media with effusion. Cytological and microbiological correlates. AB - A quantitative cytologic study of 83 middle ear effusions from children with otitis media with effusion (OME) was made with the use of cytocentrifuge-prepared smears and was correlated with bacteriological findings. The identification of the types of cell present in an effusion was confirmed by electron microscopic findings. The most common cell types were neutrophilic leukocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages, but a few eosinophils were found in only one case. The cytologic profile of an effusion correlated well with the bacterial culture results. Neutrophil counts were significantly higher in effusions that contained pathogenic bacteria (P less than .01) than in culture-negative effusions. Lymphocytes were the dominant cell type in culture-negative effusions. The results support the idea that bacteria are involved in the pathogenesis of many cases of OME. PMID- 36876 TI - Symposium on bone: structure, function and disease. PMID- 36877 TI - The Australian Diabetes Society Meeting. October, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 36878 TI - The Australian Rheumatism Association Meeting. October, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 36879 TI - Verapamil in the management of hypertensive patients. AB - The hypotensive action of verapamil given orally was assessed in the outpatient management of patients with raised blood pressure, in a single blind study. Twenty-six hypertensive patients on no therapy, 14 on beta blockers and eight on methyldopa were more satisfactorily controlled when verapamil was substituted for the initial drug. There was a marked reduction in the number of side-effects, and the drug was given in many situations where beta blockade was contra-indicated. PMID- 36881 TI - [Annual general meeting of the Society: overwhelming support of the membership]. PMID- 36880 TI - Symposium on bone: structure, function and disease. Abstracts. PMID- 36882 TI - Inborn errors of cobalamin metabolism: effect of cobalamin supplementation in culture on methylmalonyl CoA mutase activity in normal and mutant human fibroblasts. AB - We have examined the effect of addition of hydroxocobalamin to growth medium on the activity of the adenosylcobalamin-requiring enzyme methylmalonyl CoA mutase in normal human fibroblasts and in mutant human fibroblasts derived from patients with inherited methylmalonicacidemia. The mutant cell lines were assigned to four distinct genetic complementation groups (cbl A, cbl B, cbl C, and cbl D), each deficient in some step in the synthesis of adenosylcobalamin from hydroxocobalamin. After control cells were grown in cobalamin-supplemented medium, mutase holoenzyme activitiy increased markedly in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Growth in cobalamin-supplemented medium had no effect on mutase activity in some mutant lines belonging to the cbl B group, while activity increased severalfold in other cbl B mutants and in all cbl A, cbl C, and cbl D mutants examined, although mutase activity was still less than 10% of control. Comparison of mutase holoenzyme activity and total propionate pathway activity suggests that enhancement of mutase activity in mutant cells after cobalamin supplementation to values 5--10% of control may be sufficient to overcome the inherited metabolic block and to restore total pathway activity to normal. PMID- 36883 TI - Interaction of cations with phosphate uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Effects of surface potential. AB - The effect of bivalent cations on phosphate uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was investigated. Phosphate uptake via the Na+-dependent transport system at pH 7.2 is stimulated by bivalent cations. The apparent affinity of phosphate for the transport mechanism is increased, but the apparent affinity for Na+ is decreased. Uptake of phosphate via the Na+-independent transport system is accompanied by a net proton influx of 2H+ and an efflux of 1 K+ for each phosphate ion taken up. At pH 4.5 phosphate uptake via the Na+-independent system is stimulated by bivalent cations, whereas at pH 7.2 uptake is inhibited. The effect of bivalent cations on phosphate uptake can be ascribed to a decrease in the surface potential. PMID- 36884 TI - Characterization of prolactin binding by membrane preparations from rat liver. AB - Binding sites for prolactin were identified in a plasma-membrane-enriched fraction isolated from livers of mature female rats. 125I-labelled sheep prolactin prepared by the lactoperoxidase procedure retained the same molecular integrity and binding affinity as the native hormone at physiological pH. The receptors bound prolactin from different species, whereas non-lactogenic hormones were not bound. The binding of 125I-labelled sheep prolactin was activated equally by bivalent and univalent cations, bivalent cations exerting their maximal effect at much lower concentrations. The association of 125I-labelled sheep prolactin with the receptor was a time- and temperature-dependent process. Partial dissociation was detected. The binding of 125I-labelled sheep prolactin was strongly influenced by pH, with an optimum observed at pH 6.5. Receptor activity was destroyed by Pronase and phospholipase C, whereas neuraminidase increased binding. Treatment of the membranes by ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease did not affect the binding. Binding of 125I-labelled sheep prolactin was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, dithiothreitol and by brief exposure to high temperatures. Scatchard analysis of the binding of 125I labelled sheep prolactin to receptors indicated that prolactin has a high affinity for its receptor. Binding of prolactin to liver membranes showed some properties different from those observed with mammary cells. Binding by these tissues differed in pH optimum, in effects of ions, and in response to neuraminidase. PMID- 36886 TI - Purification and properties of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidases from human urine. PMID- 36885 TI - Choline kinase and ethanolamine kinase activity in the cytosol of nerve endings from rat forebrain. AB - Both choline kinase and ethanolamine kinase are present in the cytosol of nerve endings prepared from rat brain are the products of their action, phosphocholine (84 nmol/g fresh wt. of brain) and phosphoethanolamine (190 nmol/g fresh wt. of brain). In contrast with the enzymes from the cytosol of whole brain, both are as equally active at pH 7.5 as 9.0. Determination of kinase activity in membrane containing tissue samples at pH9 gives low values because of the activity of alkaline phosphatase. Choline kinase, but not ethanolamine kinase, requires Mg2+ in excess of that required for the formation of the MgATP complex and is inhibited by an excess of free ATP. The Km for choline is 2.6mM and for ethanolamine is 2.2mM. The differing requirements for ATP and Mg2+ and the inhibition of choline kinase, but not ethanolamine kinase, by hemicholinium-3 suggest either the presence of two separate enzymes or two different active sites on the same enzyme. PMID- 36887 TI - 13C NMR studies of the binding of soybean trypsin inhibitor to trypsin. PMID- 36888 TI - An NADPH-induced change in lipid bilayer of rat liver microsomes as observed by spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 36889 TI - On the supersecondary structure of acid proteases. PMID- 36890 TI - 4-Nitro-L-histidine as a substrate for histidine ammonia-lyase: the role of beta hydrogen acidity in the rate-limiting step. PMID- 36891 TI - Induction of DNA repair replication by hydroxyurea in human lymphoblastoid cells mediated by liver microsomes and NADPH. PMID- 36892 TI - A new cleavable reagent for cross-linking and reversible immobilization of proteins. PMID- 36893 TI - Unmasking the mitochondrial K/H exchanger: tetraethylammonium-induced K+-loss. PMID- 36894 TI - Protein phosphatase activity in acetylcholine receptor-enriched membranes. PMID- 36895 TI - Concerning the specificity of heme oxygenase: the enzymatic oxidation of synthetic hemins. PMID- 36896 TI - Microsomal oxygenase catalyzed oxidation of 11-hydroxy-delta 8 tetrahydrocannabinol to 11-oxo-delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol. PMID- 36897 TI - Cross-linking of collagen in the X-linked Ehlers-Danlos Type V. PMID- 36898 TI - Photoinduced charge separation in liposomes containing chlorophyll a. II. The effect of ion transport across membrane on the photoreduction of Fe(CN)6(3-). PMID- 36899 TI - Tyrosine hydroxylase regulation in rat striatal and olfactory tubercle slices--I. Activation induced by exposure to a calcium-free and high-magnesium medium. PMID- 36900 TI - Effect of salicylates on acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. PMID- 36901 TI - Enflurane and methoxyflurane. Their interaction with hepatic cytochrome P-450 in vitro. PMID- 36902 TI - Nitrite binding to rabbit liver microsomes and effects on aminopyrine demethylation. PMID- 36903 TI - Proceedings of the 43rd annual meeting of the American Rheumatism Association, a section of the Arthritis Foundation, May 30 through June 1, 1979, Denver, Colorado. Abstracts of papers presented. PMID- 36904 TI - Takayasu's arteritis: association with Still's disease in an adult. PMID- 36905 TI - Physicochemical profile of a new tranquillizer: pinazepam. PMID- 36906 TI - Spectroscopic and kinetic properties of the transient intermediate acceptor in reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The photoreductive trapping of the transient, intermediate acceptor, I-, in purified reaction centers of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R-26 was investigated for different external conditions. The optical spectrum of I- was found to be similar to that reported for other systems by Shuvalov and Klimov ((1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 400, 587--599) and Tiede et al. (P.M. Tiede, R.C. Prince, G.H. Reed and P.L. Dutton (1976) FEBS Lett. 65, 301--304). The optical changes of I- showed characteristics of both bacteriopheophytin (e.g. bleaching at 762, 542 nm and red shift at 400 nm) and bacteriochlorophyll (bleaching at 802 and 590 nm). Two types of EPR signals of I- were observed: one was a narrow singlet at g = 2.0035, deltaH = 13.5 G, the other a doublet with a splitting of 60 G centered around g = 2.00, which was only seen after short illumination times in reaction centers reconstituted with menaquinone. The optical and EPR kinetics of I- on illumination in the presence of reduced cytochrome c and dithionite strongly support the following three-step scheme in which the doublet EPR signal is due to the unstable state DI-Q-Fe2+ and the singlet EPR signal is due to DI-Q2-Fe2+. : formula: (see text), where D is the primary donor (BChl)2+. The above model was supported by the following observations: (1) During the first illumination, sigmoidal kinetics of the formation of I- was observed. This is a direct consequence of the three-sequential reactions. (2) During the second and subsequent illuminations first-order (exponential) kinetics were observed for the formation of I-. This is due to the dark decay, k4, to the state DIQ2-Fe2+ formed after the first illumination. (3) Removal of the quinone resulted in first order kinetics. In this case, only the first step, k1, is operative. (4) The observation of the doublet signal in reaction centers containing menaquinone but not ubiquinone is explained by the longer lifetime of the doublet species I-(Q Fe2%) in reaction centers containing menaquinone. The value of tau2 was determined from kinetic measurements to be 0.01 s for ubiquinone and 4 s for menaquinone (T = 20 degrees C). The temperature and pH dependence of the dark electron transfer reaction I-(Q-Fe2+) yields I(Q2-Fe2+) was studied in detail. The activation energy for this process was found to be 0.42 eV for reaction centers containing ubiquinone and 0.67 eV for reaction centers with menaquinone. The activation energy and the doublet splitting were used to calculate the rate of electron transfer from I- to MQ-Fe2+ using Hopfield's theory for thermally activated electron tunneling. The calculated rate agrees well with the experimentally determined rate which provides support for electron tunneling as the mechanism for electron transfer in this reaction. Using the EPR doublet splitting and the activation energy for electron transfer, the tunneling matrix element was calculated to be 10(-3) eV. From this value the distance between I- and MQ- was estimated to be 7.5--10 A. PMID- 36907 TI - Properties of ATP-driven reverse electron flow in chloroplasts. AB - 1. The reverse reactions induced by coupled ATP hydrolysis were studied in spinach chloroplasts by measurements of the ATP-induced increase in chlorophyll fluorescence reflecting reverse electron flow, and of the ATP-induced decrease in 9-aminoacridine fluorescence, representing formation of the transthylakoidal proton gradient (deltapH). ATP-induced reverse electron flow was kinetically analysed into three phases, of which only the second and third one were paralleled by corresponding phases in deltapH formation. The rapid first phase and formation of a deltapH occur also in the absence of the electron transfer mediator phenazine methosulfate. 2. The rate and extent of the reverse reactions were measured at temperatures in the range from 0 to 30 degrees C. The rate of formation of delta pH and of reverse electron flow were faster at high temperatures, but the maximal extent of delta pH and chlorophyll fluorescence increase were observed at the lowest temperature. Considering rate and extent of the ATP-stimulated reactions, a temperature optimum around 15 degrees C was found. Light activation of the ATPase occurred throughout the range studied. At 0 degrees C and in the presence of inorganic phosphate the activated state for ATPase was maintained for more than 10 min. 3. The ATP-induced rise in chlorophyll fluorescence yield was found to be of similar magnitude as the rise induced by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea (DCMU), when both were measured with an extremely weak measuring beam. It is concluded, that both effects, although derived via distinctly different pathways, are limited by the same electron donating or electron accepting pool. PMID- 36908 TI - Quantitative estimation of the photosynthetic proton binding inside the thylakoids by correlating internal acidification to external alkalinisation and to oxygen evolution in chloroplasts. AB - The external alkalinisation delta pHe, or the rate of oxygen evolution vO2, of a suspension of envelope-free chlorplasts was correlated with their internal acidification, estimated from the transmembrane delta pHei. Knowing the external buffer value, the concentration of the total protons moved Hi was calculated from the delta pHe, measured with a glass electrode ([Hi] was also obtained from vO2), and the free proton concentration [Hi+] was determined from delta pHei, measured with 9-aminoacridine. This gives a ratio gamma i = theta [Hi]/theta [Hi+], which is independent of the thylakoids internal volume. Within a large pHi range, scanned by varying the light intensity, gamma i was kept reasonably constant; it was hardly sensitive to pHi. This apparent invariability implies a continuous change of the internal buffer value beta i with pHi, since beta i/gamma i = 2.3.....10pHi, a relationship which inlcudes neither the total concentration of protonizable groups [Ai] nor pKi. As gamma i approximately Ki[Ai]/(Ki + [Hi+i]2, to keep gamma i constant when pHi drops, pKi and [Ai] must increase. This may be achieved by a progressive unmasking of anionic functions, initially inaccessible in the membrane. The relative slowness of this process may explain why gamma i calculated from the initial kinetics was sometimes smaller in high than in low light, where it always equalled that measured from the steady-state amplitude at all intensities. A small deficit of [Hi+] deduced from what could have been expected from delta pHe may reflect a limited binding of protons in the membrane itself, about 1 H+ for 30--130 chlorophylls (gamma i could be between 70 and 240, more frequently around 100); these numbers varied depending on the samples, but were constant for a given preparation. PMID- 36909 TI - The plastoquinone pool as possible hydrogen pump in photosynthesis. AB - The function of the plastoquinone pool as a possible pump for vectorial hydrogen (H+ + e-) transport across the thylakoid membrane has been investigated in isolated spinach chloroplasts. Measurements of three different optical changes reflecting the redox reactions of the plastoquinone, the external H+ uptake and the internal H+ release led to the following conclusions: (1) A stoichiometric coupling of 1 : 1 : 1 between the external H+ uptake, the electron translocation through the plastoquinone pool and the internal H+ release (corrected for H+ release due to H2O oxidation) is valid (pHout = 8, excitation with repetitive flash groups). (2) The rate of electron release from the plastoquinone pool and the rate of proton release into the inner thylakoid space due to far-red illumination are identical over a range of a more than 10-fold variation. These results support the assumption that the protons taken up by the reduced plastoquinone pool are translocated together with the electrons through the pool from the outside to the inside of the membrane. Therefore, the plastoquinone pool might act as a pump for a vectorial hydrogen (H+ + e-) transport. The molecular mechanism is discussed. The differences between this hydrogen pump of chloroplasts and the proton pump of Halobacteria are outlined. PMID- 36910 TI - Potassium-stimulated ATPase activity and hydrogen transport in gastric microsomal vesicles. AB - The Mg2+-dependent, K+-stimulated ATPase of microsomes from pig gastric mucosa has been studied in relation to observed active H+ transport into vesicular space. Uptake of fluorescent dyes (acridine orange and 9-aminoacridine) was used to monitor the generated pH gradient. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy showed that the vesicular gastric microsomes have an asymmetric distribution of intramembraneous particles (P-face was particulate; E-face was relatively smooth. Valinomycin stimulated both dye uptake and K+-ATPase (valinomycin-stimulated K+ ATPase); stimulation by valinomycin was due to increased K+ entry to some intravesicular activating site, which in turn depends upon the accompanying anion. Using the valinomycin-stimulated K+-ATPase and H+ accumulation as an index, the sequence for anion permeation was NO-3 greater than Br- greater than Cl- greater than I- greater than acetate approximately isethionate. When permeability to both K+ and H+ was increased (e.g using valinomycin plus a protonophore or nigericin), stimulation of K+-ATPase was much less dependent on the anion and the observed dissipation of the vesicular pH gradient was consistent with an 'uncoupling' of ATP hydrolysis from H+ accumulation. Thiocyanate interacts with valinomycin inhibiting the typical action of the K+ ionophore. But stimulation of ATPase activity was seen by adding 10 mM SCN- to membranes preincubated with valinomycin. From the relative activation of the valinomycin-stimulated K+-ATPase, it appears that SCN- is a very permeant anion which can be placed before NO-3 in the sequence of permeation. Valinomycin stimulated ATPase and H+ uptake showed similar dependent correlations, including: dependence on [ATP] and [K+], pH optima, temperature activation, and selective inhibition by SH- or NH2-group reagents. These results are consistent with a pump leak model for the gastric microsomal K+-ATPase which was simulated using Nernst Planck conditions for passive pathways and simple kinetics for the pump. The pump is a K+/H+ exchange pump requiring K+ at an internal site. Rate of K+ entry would depend on permeability to K+ as well as the counterion, either (1) the anion to accompany K+ or (2) the H+ efflux path as an exchange ion. The former leads to net accumulation of H+ and anion, while the latter results in non-productive stimulation of ATP hydrolysis. PMID- 36911 TI - The influence of charge on phosphatidic acid bilayer membranes. AB - A complete titration of phosphatidic acid bilayer membranes was possible for the first time by the introduction of a new anaologue, 1,2-dihexadecyl-sn-glycerol-3 phosphoric acid, which has the advantage of a high chemical stability at extreme pH values. The synthesis of the phosphatidic acid is described and the phase transition behaviour in aqueous dispersions is compared with that of three ester phosphatidic acids; 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoric acid, 1,3 dimyristoylglycerol-2-phosphoric acid and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3 phosphoric acid. The phase transition temperatures (Tt) of aqueous phosphatidic acid dispersions at different degrees of dissociation were measured using fluorescence spectroscopy and 90 degrees light scattering. The Tt values are comparable to the melting points of the solid phosphatidic acids in the fully protonated states, but large differences exist for the charged states. The Tt vs. pH diagrams of the four phosphatidic acids are quite similar and of a characteristic shape. Increasing ionisation results in a maximum value for the transition temperatures at pH 3.5 (pK1). The regions between the first and the second pK of the phosphatidic acids are characterised by only small variations in the transition temperatures (extended plateau) in spite of the large changes occurring in the surface charge of the membranes. The slope of the plateau is very shallow with increasing ionisation. A further decrease in the H+ concentration results in an abrupt change of the transition temperature. The slope of the Tt vs. pH diagram beyond pK2 becomes very steep. This is the result of reduced hydrocarbon interaction energy, which was demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry (Blume, A. and Eibl, H., unpublished data). PMID- 36912 TI - Active K+ transport in Mycoplasms mycoides var. Capri. Relationships between K+ distribution, electrical potential and ATPase activity. AB - The addition of 5 . 10(-5) M or less of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to Mycoplasma mycoides var. Capri preferentially influences K+ influx rather than efflux and reduces by 30--40% the activity of the membrane-bound Mg2+- ATPase. Adding valinomycin to metabolizing cells does not markedly affect K+ distribution but induces a rapid and complete loss of intracellular K+ in non-metabolizing cells. Uncoupling agents such as dinitrophenol, carbonylcyanide p trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone, dissipate the K+ concentration gradient only when combined with valinomycin. Variations in the merocyanine fluorescence intensity indicate that a transmembrane electrical potential (delta psi) is generated on cell energization. This delta psi, not affected by valinomycin or uncouplers when used alone, is collapsed by a mixture of both. No change in fluorescence intensity can be detected when glucose is added to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide treated organisms. These experiments suggest that the membrane-bound Mg-ATPase activity control K+ distribution in these organisms through the generation of a transmembrane electrical potential difference. PMID- 36913 TI - Enzymatic reduction and methylation of folate following pH-dependent, carrier mediated transport in rat jejunum. AB - Intestinal transport of [3H] folate was studied using everted sacs of rat jejunum. The proximal small intestine transports folate against a concentration gradient by a system which is saturable, pH-dependent, energy-dependent, sodium dependent, sensitive to temperature, and appears to be a common transport system for folate compounds. Chromatographic analysis of folate compounds in the serosal compartment after a 60 min incubation with folate in the mucosal medium in sodium phosohate buffer indicated that metabolism of folate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was extensive at pH 6.0 and negligible at pH 7.5. The percent conversion of folate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate at pH 6.0 was reduced by increasing the concentration of folate in the mucosal medium, thus indicating saturation of the reduction and methylation process. These findings indicate that folate transport in rat jejunum occurs by an energy-dependent, carried-mediated system and that both folate transport and intestinal conversion of folate to 5 methyltetrahydrofolate are pH-dependent. PMID- 36914 TI - Phosphatidylseryl-transfer RNA in Bacillus licheniformis 749/C. AB - Phosphatidylserine has been found in extracts of Bacillus licheniformis made under alkaline conditions but not under neutral or acidic ones and was derived from the tRNA fraction. In tRNA preparations kept below neutrality during purification, phosphatidylserine was the only phospholipid released when the pH was raised to 9.0. The amount of bound phosphatidylserine could be increased by incubating tRNA from B. licheniformis or Escherichia coli with CTP and phosphatidic acid in the presence of an S-30 extract from either organism. The tRNA carrying phosphatidylserine has been separated from the bulk of the tRNA by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography in the presence of a detergent. On deaminoacylation of this material and rechromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, a number of peaks were found, indicating that this behavior is not confined to a single isoaccepting species. PMID- 36915 TI - Polynucleotides XLVII. Synthesis and properties of poly(2-methylthio- and 2 ethylthioadenylic acid). Formation of non-Watson-Crick type complexes. AB - Poly(2-methyl- and 2-ethylthioadenylic acid) were prepared by polymerization of corresponding diphosphates with Escherichia coli polynucleotide phosphorylase. These polynucleotides have relatively large hypochromicity of 30-35%. Acid titration of these polymers showed abrupt transition at pH 5.34-5.4, which may indicate that the introduction of alkylthio group at 2-position of adenine bases reduced their basicity. Thermal melting of these polymers showed no clear transition points at neutral pH, but in acidic media they have Tm values of 57 and 56 degrees C, somewhat lower than that of poly(A). Upon complex formation with poly(U), these poly(A) analogs showed only one poly(rs2A) . poly(U) type double-strand complexes, similar to that found in the case of poly(m2A) . poly(U). PMID- 36916 TI - Identification, partial purification and biochemical characterization of gamma glutamyltranspeptidase present as a membrane component in skimmed milk and milk fat-globule membranes, and in mammary-tumour virus from the milk of infected mice. AB - The enzyme gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase was reproducibly found to be associated with mouse milk particles; it is present in milk fat-globule membranes and mouse mammary-tumour virus of infected Swiss mice, also in particles from the milk of uninfected mice. The enzymatic activities observed range among the highest reported for mammalian tissues. The enzyme was partially purified from mouse mammary-tumour virus, and from milk fat-globule membranes. The molecule requires the presence of detergents to remain soluble, behaves as a high molecular weight component, properties characterizing integral membrane proteins. Kinetics, and the effect of competitors as well as of specific inhibitors show this enzyme to be identical to the well-known kidney gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase ((gamma glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid gamma-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.2). Other oncornaviruses budding from cultured cells originally expressing the enzyme in their plasma membrane also incorporate the enzyme in their structure. PMID- 36917 TI - The control of hepatic phosphorylase phosphatase by ATP, ADP and Mg2+. PMID- 36918 TI - Reversible inactivation of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase by use of a cleavable bifunctional reagent. AB - 1. Purified (Na+ + K+)-ATPase, prepared from rabbit kidney outer medulla, is incubated with the bifunctional NH2-directed reagent dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobis propionimidate. This results in a cross-link between the subunits of the enzyme and a simultaneous reduction of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and K+-stimulated p nitrophenylphosphatase activities. 2. The most abundant cross-link product is a dimer of the two different subunits of the enzyme. 3. Reduction of the disulfide cross-link by dithioerythritol results in partial recovery of the original subunit structure of the enzyme and of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and K+-stimulated p nitrophenylphosphatase activities. 4. These results suggest that a free mobility of the subunits of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase system relative to each other is essential for proper functioning of both enzyme activities. PMID- 36919 TI - The inhibition of stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase by phenyllactate and phenylpyruvate. AB - The inhibition of oleic acid from stearic acid was studied using a rat liver microsomal preparation. Phenyllactic acid and phenylpyruvic acid are partially inhibitory. The may be related to the low oleic acid to stearic acid ratios found in brains of phenylketonuric persons and experimentally phenylketonuric rats. PMID- 36920 TI - Magnetic circular dichroism studies of bovine liver catalase. AB - Absorption, circular dichroism (CD) and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectra of beef liver catalase at pH 5.0 and 6.9, and its complexes with NaF, KCNO, NaCNS, NaN3 and NaCN, have been measured between 250 nm and 700 nm at room temperature. The pH 6.9 native catalase MCD shows the presence of several additional transitions not resolved in the absorption spectrum. While these bands can be seen in the spectra of all the derivatives, with the exception of the cyanide, their relative intensities changes considerably between complexes. Of special interest in the MCD of ferric hemes is the signal intensity at about 400 nm and 620 nm. The data indicate that the MCD intensity at 620 nm increases as the high spin iron porphyrin fraction increases, reaching a maximum with the fluoride complex. The 430 nm band intensity increases as the proportion of low spin iron increases, reaching a maximum with the cyanide complex. The MCD spectra also indicate clearly the existence of spin mixtures in the complexes with CNO-, CNS-, and N3-, where both the 430 nm and 620 nm bands have appreciable intensity. It is significant that despite almost identical absorption spectra the CNS- complex has higher fraction of low spin iron than either the CNO- or the N3- species. The differences between the pH 5 and 6.9 MCD spectra of the native catalase suggest that the environment of the heme centre is sensitive to protonation. PMID- 36921 TI - Purification and preliminary characterization of two asclepains from the latex of Asclepias syriaca L. (milkweed). AB - Two groups of asclepains have been isolated from Asclepias syriaca L. (milk-weed) latex and a representative of each has been purified. Asclepains A3 and B5 are homogeneous proteins with molecular weights of 23 000 and 21 000, respectively. Both require a reducing and chelating agent for maximum activity and hydrolyze ester, amide and peptide bonds. The optimum pH for hydrolysis of casein is 7.5 to 8.5 for asclepain A3 and 7.0 to 7.5 for asclepain B5. Both enzymes are autolytic when active and are inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetic acid and sodium tetrathionate. Asclepains A3 and B5 each contain one titratable SH group per molecule and no bound carbohydrate. Each of the two enzymes has leucine as the N-terminal amino acid. There are notable differences in their amino acid compositions. PMID- 36922 TI - The destruction of serine and threonine thiohydantoins during the sequence determination of peptides by 4-N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene 4'-isothiocyanate. AB - 1. A mechanism for the destruction of serine and threonine thiohydantoins during protein sequence analysis by the Edman-type degradation is proposed. The mechanism begins with the dehydration of serine and threonine side chains (at the cyclization stage) which occurs mainly in anhydrous acid solution. The dehydrated derivatives finally polymerize by way of the reactive methylene group (enamine) to form polymers with various molecular weights. In aqueous acid solution, the dehydrated thiohydantoins of serine and threonine undergo hydration (according to the Markovnikov rule) and ring fission, which leads to the irreversible breakdown of thiohydantoin ring. The serine derivative shows a much greater tendency to undergo these side-reactions than the threonine derivative. 2. In the presence of oxygen, the alkaline hydrolysis of amino acid thiohydantoins goes through an oxidation-deamination reaction at the C-N bond of the thiohydantoin ring and leads to the formation of thiourea derivative and keto acids. This reaction mechanism accounts for the low recoveries of amino acid obtained from the alkaline hydrolysis of amino acid thiohydantoins. PMID- 36923 TI - NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. IV. Purification by chromatography on Affi-Gel Blue. AB - Affinity chromatography on Affi-Gel Blue has been used to purify the NADP specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) from Escherichia coli. The protocol permits rapid purification of the enzyme in milligram quantities with a yield of 50% and is carried out almost entirely at room temperature. The preparation was judged to be homogeneous by non-denaturing electrophoresis at pH 7.5 and denaturing electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The subunit molecular weight of 53 000, determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, is in reasonable agreement with the value of 46 900 estimated from the amino acid composition data. PMID- 36924 TI - Conformational studies of oxytocin analogues with different ring sizes. I. Circular dichroism. AB - Circular dichroic spectra were measured for three analogues of deamino-oxytocin of different ring sizes where the disulfide group of oxytocin is replaced by the (CH2)n group. Their backbone rings are composed of different numbers of atoms, i.e., they are nineteen, twenty and twenty-one for [1,6-aminopimelic acid]oxytocin (n = 1), [1,6-aminosuberic acid]oxytocin (n = 2) and [1,6 aminoazelaic acid]oxytocin (n = 3), respectively. The pH dependence of the circular dichroism spectra indicates that the conformation of [1,6-aminoazelaic acid]oxytocin is different from those of others and the temperature dependency reveals that the conformation of [1,6-aminopimelic acid]oxytocin is most rigid. [1,6-Aminosuberic acid]oxytocin is biologically most active among three derivatives and their biological activities are related to the conformation and internal motions of the peptide hormone analogues. PMID- 36925 TI - The effect of different zooxanthellae on the growth of experimentally reinfected hosts. AB - 1. A method is given enabling the differential effects of different strains of zooxanthellae on host growth to be assessed. This technique uses the increase in the number of tentacles as the measure of growth. 2. Aposymbiotic polyps of the anemone Aiptasia pulchella reinfected with strains of Symbiodinium microadriaticum isolated from the anemone Aiptasia pulchella and the scyphozoan Cassiopea xamachana grow as well as normal Aiptasia polyps. 3. Aposymbiotic Aiptasia polyps reinfected with zooxanthellae from the gastropod Melibe pilosa and the clam Tridacna maxima grew no better than polyps lacking zooxanthellae. 4. These results lead to the conclusion that strains of zooxanthellae differ in their ability to enhance growth of Aiptasia polyps under the experimental conditions and that these differences may have important ecological consequences. PMID- 36926 TI - [Some properties of the catalytic subunit of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase from pigeon breast muscle]. AB - A method for the preparation of a homogenous catalytic subunit of adenosine 3':5' monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from pigeon breast muscle was developed. The molecular weight of the enzyme as determined by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate was found to be 42000. The pH optimum of the catalytic subunit was around 8.0. The active site of the catalytic subunit was studied using some derivatives of ATP, containing different reactive groups in the triphosphate chain of the molecule. It may be assumed that the pH optimum of the enzyme inactivation by adenosine 5'-chloromethylpyrophosphonate and the protective effect of ATP suggest covalent binding of the imidazole ring in the enzyme active site. The kinetic mechanism of the protein kinase reaction was studied using the initial rate experiments and reaction product inhibition. The results obtained were consistent with a random Bi-Bi kinetic mechanism. PMID- 36927 TI - [Specific fragmentation of phage lambda DNA in the vicinity of the 5'-ends of the oligothymidylic sequences by alkylation in the complementary regions]. PMID- 36928 TI - [Stability and specificity of extracellular protein inhibitor for trypsin from Actinomyces janthinus 118]. AB - Some properties of protein inhibitor for trypsin (TI) from Act. janthinus 118 were studied. It was shown that TI has an antitrypsin activity within a wide pH range with a maximum at about 9,5. At 4 degrees and 20 degrees C TI is stable for 24 hours within the pH range of 6,0--11,0. At 100 degrees C TI is more stable in the slightly acid region of pH than at neutral or alkaline conditions. Trypsin and chymotrypsin inactivate the inhibitor for 8 hours. TI inhibits trypsin, fibrinolysin, subtilisin, pronase and terrilytin, but have no effect on chymotrypsin, thrombin, papain and pepsin. The dissociation constants for the trypsin-inhibitor complex were found to be 1,7.10-8 M, 4,1.10-9 M and 2,4.10-10 M, with casein, p-nitroanilide benzoylarginine and tosylarginine methyl ester used as substrates, respectively. The corresponding dissociation rate constants for the subtilisin-inhibitor complex were equal to 1.10-9 M and 4.10-10 M with casein and carbobenzoxy-L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-leucin p-nitroanilide used as substrates, respectively. PMID- 36929 TI - [Light-dependent oxygen consumption by isolated pea chloroplasts under NADP+ photoreduction]. AB - The exchange of oxygen during NADP+ photoreduction by isolated pea chloroplasts was studied. It was found that NADP+ oxidation is accompanied by oxygen photoreduction preceeding at a high rate. A possibility for calculation of the ration between the pseudocyclic electron transport and the total electron transport based on oxygen exchange in the presence of NaN3 and catalase, was established. It was found that the pseudocyclic transport can make up to 30% or more of total electron transport. PMID- 36930 TI - Reproductive tract calculi, their induction, age incidence, composition and biological effects in Balb/c Crgl mice injected as newborns with estradiol-17 beta. PMID- 36931 TI - Alterations of the fine structure and androgen secretion of interstitial cells in the experimentally cryptorchid rat testis. PMID- 36932 TI - Oxygen requirement for in vitro growth and differentiation of the rat conceptus during organogenesis phase of embryo development. PMID- 36933 TI - Adrenergic stimulation of fertilizing ability in hamster spermatozoa. PMID- 36934 TI - Phosphofructokinase in the rat testis during maturation and following heat treatment in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 36935 TI - Phosphofructokinase in the rat testis: changes in isozyme patterns during maturation and short term cryptorchidism. PMID- 36936 TI - Urease bound to chitin with glutaraldehyde. AB - The enzyme urease (urea amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.5) prepared from Cajanus indicus, has been immobilized with glutaraldehyde-treated chitin as the solid support. The immobilized enzyme was characterized by determining the pH profiles and optimum temperature. Effect of glutaraldehyde concentration on the binding of enzyme to chitin was studied. The storage stability of the chitin-urease system was determined. PMID- 36937 TI - [Effect of presynaptic neurotoxins from the bee and cobra venoms on spontaneous mediator secretion from the motor nerve endings in mice]. AB - Phospholipases A2 (PhLA) from the bee and cobra venoms induced the three-phasic changes in miniature end-plate potential (MEPP) frequency recorded in the mouse diaphragm muscle: an initial fall of transmitter release followed by a transient increase before the final complete blockade. The removal of Ca2+ from the perfusing solution (below 10(-9) M) prevented the presynaptic effect of both PhLA. If all PhLA molecules were washed out by the Ca-free solution, the subsequent exposure to a standard solution (2 mM Ca2+) action provoked an increase in MEPP frequency. The agents capable of increasing the axoplasmic Ca concentration (ions K+, hypertonic sucrose and uncoupler--TTFB) caused the usual increase of MEPP frequency in the muscles treated with PhLA. Apparently, the presynaptic biockade induced by PhLA cannot be due to the depletion of transmitter stores. PMID- 36938 TI - [Effect of the agents of general anesthesia on mice after microwave irradiation]. AB - The general anesthetics chloroform, ftorotan, sodium thiopental and sodium hydroxybutyrate (500 mg/kg) decrease the survival of mice irradiated by microwaves. Ether, ftorotan, hexenal and sodium thiopental administered immediately after irradiation reduce the time of ensuing side position by 8-14%, its duration being decreased by 15-48% as compared to the control. PMID- 36939 TI - Effects of oxygen tension and pH on the ultrasonic absorption properties of sickle cells. AB - The ultrasonic absorption of sickle cells was compared with the morphological changes in these cells are produced by varying oxygen tensions and pH. A decrease in oxygen tension caused increased sickling and an increase in the ultrasonic absorption of the blood. An increase in pH reduced the ultrasonic absorption and decreased sickling. These findings indicate that ultrasonic absorption can detect changes in the aggregation state of sickle cell hemoglobin in situ within the red cell and that the method may be used to monitor the degree of sickling under various environmental conditions. PMID- 36941 TI - [Societas Europaea Physiologiae Clinicae Respiratoriae. Working group. Brussels. Feb 6-7. 1978. Evaluation of respiratory dificit and handicap]. PMID- 36940 TI - Societas Europaea Physiologiae Clinicae Respiratoriae. working group on respiratory function in epidemiology: Penarth, January 19-20, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 36942 TI - Societas Europaea Physiologiae Clinicae Respiratoriae. 10th meeting of the lung mechanics group: Leuven, March 17-18, 1978. Airways mechanics. Abstracts. PMID- 36943 TI - [Measuring the fatigue of dentists using urinary foam method (author's transl)]. PMID- 36944 TI - Symposium on marijuana: Rheims, France, 22-23 July 1978. PMID- 36945 TI - A summary of the results of a drug self-administration study using substitution procedures in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 36946 TI - [Symposium "Tobacco and Alcohol, Medical and Social Problems: introduction]. PMID- 36947 TI - [Therapy of alcoholics from the viewpoint of physicians and psychotherapists]. AB - In the treatment of alcoholism, the medical profession takes an important position which until now has not gained the necessary appreciation. The prognosis of alcoholism is more favourable than generally assumed, especially if it is possible to early recognize patients with alcohol problems. Besides pharmaco therapeutic possibilities it is important that doctors also consider psychotherapeutic methods, especially psychotherapeutical procedures according to ROGERS and TAUSCH, as well as various methods of behavioural modification. PMID- 36948 TI - [Opening address by Federal Councillor Hans Hurlimann at the occasion of the symposium "Tobacco and Alcohol, Medical and Social Problems", of 13 October 1978 in Zurich]. PMID- 36949 TI - Sulphasalazine inhibits the pulmonary inactivation of prostaglandins in the rat in vivo [proceedings]. PMID- 36950 TI - Amino acid transmitter candidates of the rat olfactory cortex [proceedings]. PMID- 36951 TI - A functional antagonisms between benzodiazepines and ACTH? [proceedings]. PMID- 36952 TI - Use of the mouse circling model to demonstrate enhanced striatal actions for oxiperomide and tiapride following denervation [proceedings]. PMID- 36954 TI - Metiamide--absence of presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist properties in the pithed rat [proceedings]. PMID- 36953 TI - Action of histamine receptor agonists and antagonists on the rat uterus. AB - 1 Histamine and a series of compounds acting selectively on H1- and H2-receptors were tested on the isolated oestrous uterus of the rat. 2 Histamine had a dose dependent inhibitory effect on the contractions elicited by acetylcholine. This action was unaffected by H1-blockers but was competitively inhibited by H2 blockers. The H1-selective agonist, 2-(2-aminoethyl)thiazole was ineffective at doses 100 times greater than those of histamine. Conversely, all the H2-agonists showed activity in the order of potency: N'-methylhistamine greater than histamine greater than N'-N'-dimethylhistamine greater than 5-methylhistamine greater than 5-methyl-N'-methylhistamine. Among the non-imidazole compounds, dimaprit had an activity identical to that of histamine, but all the dimaprit like compounds showed negligible activity. 3 The data obtained suggest that in the rat uterus, (a) the activation of H2-receptors is responsible for the inhibitory effect of histamine and its analogues; (b) the integrity of the histamine molecule seems to be less crucial than that of the dimaprit molecule for the maintenance of the H2-activity, since changes in its structure modify but do not abolish the biological activity as they do in the case of dimaprit; (c) the order of activity of the various H2-receptor agonists is different from that observed in other tissues. PMID- 36955 TI - Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists on peripherally evoked parasympathetic submaxillary salivation in the cat [proceedings]. PMID- 36956 TI - Two modes of action of ganglionic blocking drugs [proceedings]. PMID- 36957 TI - The mechanism of 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced pressor responses in ganglion blocked anaesthetized dogs [proceedings]. PMID- 36958 TI - Spontaneous liver rupture in polyarteritis nodosa. PMID- 36959 TI - Minor tranquillisers and road accidents. PMID- 36960 TI - Minor tranquillisers and road accidents. PMID- 36961 TI - Comparison of rat brain membrane antigens by complement mediated release of neurotransmitters from brain fractions using antisera against S-100 and Thy-1. AB - Synaptosomal, glial and neuronal fractions were prepared from rat brain and incubated to accumulate radioactively labelled neurotransmitters. Treatment of these fractions with antisera and complement showed that anti-(Thy-1) serum gave good release (50-75% of total uptake) of all neurotransmitters tested from synaptosomal and glial fractions. GABA and glutamate were released from neuronal perikarya, but not norepinephrine or serotonin. Anti-(S-100) serum gave no significant release of any neurotransmitter tested from any of the fractions, although all of them had previously been shown to contain this protein. These results are compatible with the membrane nature of Thy-1 and the mainly soluble nature of S-100 protein. They permit a selection for membrane antigens and neurotransmitters from different brain fractions. Antigenic differences between neuronal and glial plasma membranes were suggested by results with antiserum raised against bulk-isolated rat neuronal perikarya. PMID- 36962 TI - Regional distribution of monoamines in the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures of the rhesus monkey: concentrations and in vivo synthesis rates. AB - Endogenous monoamine concentrations and turnover rates vary markedly in different regions of neocortex as well as in various subcortical structures of young adult rhesus monkeys. Monoamine levels and synthesis rates in amygdala, hippocampus, neostriatum, thalamus and brain stem are generally similar to comparable measures previously reported in a variety of species. However, extending and confirming the results of an earlier study, cortical monoamines exhibit topographically specific patterns of distribution. Thus, dopamine concentration is highest in the prefrontal and temporal neocortex; it decreases along the fronto-occipital axis and only trace amounts are detectable in the visual cortex. The distribution of norepinephrine is similar to that of dopamine except that the highest concentrations of norepinephrine are found in somatosensory cortex instead of prefrontal cortex. The pattern of distribution of serotonin is more uniform. However, the distribution of its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, is complementary to that of dopamine: the concentration is lowest in prefrontal cortex and highest in posterior regions of the telencephalon. Synthesis of catecholamines as measured by DOPA accumulation in monkeys treated with an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, NSD 1015, generally parallels the distribution of the catecholamines while indoleamine synthesis, as measured by 5 HTP accumulation, is similar to the distribution of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. It may be significant that synthesis rates for the catecholamines are especially high in various areas of association cortex. PMID- 36963 TI - Depression by calcium of spontaneous transmitter release at the mammalian neuromuscular junction. PMID- 36964 TI - [Changes in some enzymatic parameters in the serum of rats under tourniquet shock and the effect of histamine and antihistaminics (author's transl)]. PMID- 36965 TI - [Concerning surgical treatment of undescended testis (author's transl)]. PMID- 36966 TI - Lactate administration and fatty liver and kidney syndrome development in biotin deficient chicks. AB - Two experiments were carried out to determine whether administration of lactate to biotin-deficient chicks induced fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS). 2. The results suggest that increased serum lactate concentrations are a consequence of the syndrome rather than a contributory factor in its incidence. 3. The increase in liver lipids of birds affected by FLKS was not associated with an increase in the specific activity of the hepatic lipogenic enzyme acetyl CoA carboxylase accept when birds developed FLKS spontaneously in experiment 2. 4. Some biotin deficient chicks did not show physical symptoms of deficiency although mean liver biotin concentrations were low (0.31 microgram/g liver). PMID- 36967 TI - Hereditary cancer: ascertainment and management. PMID- 36968 TI - 14th European symposium on calcified tissues. Institute of Child Health, April 1- 5, 1979 Rhodos, Greece. Abstracts. PMID- 36969 TI - Hydroxyl content of solution-precipitated calcium phosphates. AB - A method is described for determination of the titratable hydroxide ion in calcium phosphate precipitates. The procedure requires accurate analysis of the other titratable species in the crystal lattice but is unaffected by the presence of other lattice constituents or impurities. The method was applied to precipitates that had been previously analyzed by solution thermodynamic techniques, and the results were consistent with the earlier observations. The hydroxide content of the precipitates increased with crystal maturity and with increasing pH of the precipitation medium. The hydroxide content of the amorphous phase and the immediate postamorphous-crystalline transformation phase was shown to be nearly zero. After 3 to 4 days' maturation, the hydroxide content of precipitates prepared at pH values of 7, 8, and 9 was shown to increase to approximately 23, 40, 56% of that required for pure hydroxyapatite. PMID- 36970 TI - Energy transduction in the mitochondrionlike bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans during carbon- or sulphate-limited aerobic growth in continuous culture. AB - Paracoccus denitrificans was grown in carbon-limited aerobic continuous culture (critical dilution rate (Dc) = 0.48 h-1). The molar growth yield for carbon (succinate or malate) was constant at about 60 over a broad dilution range (growth rate) from 0.10 to 0.48 h-1. Measurements of the stoichiometry of proton translocation associated with the oxidation of endogenous substrates yielded a ratio of protons ejected from the cell per atom of oxygen consumed(leads to H+:O) of 8.55 which decreased to 5.85 in the presence of piericidin A (PA), a specific inhibitor of NADH dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.3). With starved cells, the observed leads to H+:O associated with the oxidation of added succinate in the presence of PA was 5.61. These observed leads to H:O's represent an underestimation since no correction was made for proton backflow during the short interval of respiratory activity. Aerobic growth of Pc. denitrificans in the chemostat becomes sulphate limited at entering concentrations of sulphate less than 300 is microM. Neither the maximum specific growth rate (measured at Dc) nor the observed molar growth yield for succinate decreased under sulphate limitation. The NADH oxidase in electron transport particles prepared from sulphate-limited cells was completely inhibited by PA. The stoichiometry of proton translocation associated with malate oxidation was similarly unaffected by sulphate limitation. It is concluded that (a) the respiratory chain of aerobic, heterotrophically grown Pc. denitrificans possesses three sites of energy conservation, including site III, (b) the number of protons ejected during the transfer of one pair of reducing equivalents along a region of the electron transport chain equivalent to a single energy-coupling site is 3, and (c) that sulphate limitation does not lead to a loss of proton translocation associated with the cytochrome-independent region of the respiratory chain. PMID- 36971 TI - A magnetic resonance study of the coenzyme A--manganese(II) complex in solution. PMID- 36972 TI - Proton translocation coupled to ubiquinol oxidation in Paracoccus denitrificans. PMID- 36973 TI - Purification of UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase from Escherichia coli by affinity chromatography, its subunit structure and the absence of flavin as the prosthetic group. AB - The enzyme UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine reductase (EC 1.1.1.158) was purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli by affinity chromatography on a NADP-agarose column. The evidence suggests that the enzyme (molecular weight 35,000) is composed of two nonidentical subunits of molecular weight 21,500 and 13,500, respectively. The absorption spectrum of the purified enzyme shows no absorption band around 450 nm and thus does not support the previous suggestions that the enzyme is a flavoprotein. However, the A280: A260 ratio gives a value of 0.86 which suggests the presence of tightly bound nucleotide. A quantitative transfer of tritium from 1,4-[4-3H]NADPH to UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvoylglucosamine to form UDP-N-E13H]acetylmuramic acid was also observed, which clearly shows that the enzyme is not a flavoprotein. PMID- 36974 TI - Conformational comparison of (Val5, Trp8)-angiotensin II and (Val4, Trp7) angiotensin III by fluorescence measurements. PMID- 36975 TI - The effects of nitrilotriacetic acid on solubilities of zinc, copper, manganese, and iron in the stomach of sheep. AB - Four sheep, each prepared with a rumen fistula and reetrant cannula in the proximal duodenum, were used to study the effects of ruminal administration of nitrilotriacetic acid on solubilities of zinc, copper, manganese, and iron in rumen and duodenal digesta. The sheep received a pelleted diet and were dosed with 0, 300, 600 and 1200 microgram of nitrilotriacetic acid per gram of diet via the rumen fistula. Higher concentration of soluble zinc, manganese, and iron but not copper, were found in the rumen of the sheep when they were dosed with nitrilotriacetic acid. The concentrations increased with increasing dose of the acid. However, only the solubilty of iron was increased in the duodenal digesta. Concentrations of soluble zinc and manganese in the rumen increased, whereas copper decreased, during the first 2 h after feeding. The pattern was reversed thereafter. Changes in the concentrations of soluble during 6 h afther feeding were comparatively small. It is concluded that the solubilty of iron in the stomach of sheep is increased by ruminal administration of nitrilotriacetic acid. PMID- 36976 TI - Production of an extracellular ribonuclease by Pseudomonas maltophilia. AB - As part of a screening program for pseudomonad enzymes having an industrial interest, we selected ribonuclease (RNase) producing strains. Of the 150 pseudomonads screened, 6 were found to produce an extracellular RNase activity when grown on solid medium. In broth culture, the RNase activity from these six species remained bound to the cells unless gelatin was added to the medium. Gelatin was essential for the release of RNase in the broth culture, but the pH of the medium, addition of potential inducers such as nucleic acids, or addition of cations did not affect this release. However, gelatin did not appear to induce the synthesis of the enzyme. Strain B-88, identified as Pseudomonas maltophilia, was selected for further study of the enzyme. The extracellular RNase isolated from B-88 broth cultures could be separated in two fractions on the basis of the molecular weight by the ultrafiltration technique. The low molecular weight fraction reacts optimally at temperatures between 55 and 60 degrees C and optimal pH values varying from 7.4 to 9.5. At neutral or alkaline pH, the enzyme was stable at temperatures below 37 degrees C but was inactivated at 55 degrees C. The RNase was inhibited by mercury and cobalt and stimulated by magnesium. PMID- 36977 TI - Health and the law conference in Ottawa exposes pitfalls but offers few remedies. PMID- 36978 TI - Prolactin-secreting adenoma as part of the multiple endocrine neoplasia--type I (MEN-I) syndrome. AB - Two patients presented with the galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome. One patient had previously had parathyroid hyperplasia and the other an insulinoma. Preoperative evaluation of each patient revealed hyperprolactinemia and radiological evidence of an abnormal sella turcica. Pituitary adenomas were identified and removed at surgery. Immunostaining techniques confirmed the presence of prolactin-containing cells in both tumors. We propose that prolactin-secreting tumors be considered as part of the MEN-I syndrome, and that patients presenting with the galactorrhea amenorrhea syndrome be screened and followed sequentially for evidence of other endocrine neoplasia. PMID- 36979 TI - Mediastinal carcinoid with an incomplete Sipple's syndrome. AB - A 60-year-old woman with a mediastinal carcinoid of probable thymic origin, widely metastatic, had associated parathyroid hyperplasia, medullary carcinoma of thyroid with amyloid stroma and an adrenal neuroma. This case demonstrated features of an incomplete Sipple's syndrome (MEA II). The relationship of these diverse tumors is consistent with the concept of the APUD system and neurocristopathies. PMID- 36980 TI - Effects of dietary vitamin B6 on the in vitro inactivation of rat tyrosine aminotransferase in host liver and Morris hepatomas. AB - Control rats or rats bearing Morris hepatoma 5123C (intact), 5123C (adrenalectomized), 7794A, 7800, 8999, 9121, or 9618A were fed a purified diet either deficient or adequate for vitamin B6. The concentration of pyridoxal phosphate in the plasma, host livers, and hepatomas was determined, as well as the in vitro rate of inactivation of induced tyrosine aminotransferase in homogenates of host livers and hepatomas. The results demonstrated the presence of a cysteine-independent inactivating system for tyrosine aminotransferase in hepatomas 5123C (adrenalectomized), 7800, 8999, and 9121. Only in hepatoma 9121 was there a dramatic influence of the dietary vitamin B6 on the rate of cysteine independent inactivation. A cysteine-dependent inactivating system for the enzyme was present in all host livers and hepatomas. The rate of this in vitro inactivation for both host livers and hepatomas apparently was a function of the concentration of pyridoxal phosphate, but inactivation of tyrosine aminotransferase occurred at a significantly lower concentration of pyridoxal phosphate in the hepatomas than in the host livers. PMID- 36981 TI - Some properties of uridine-cytidine kinase from a human malignant lymphoma. PMID- 36982 TI - Effect of smoking on benzo(a)pyrene metabolism by human placental microsomes. AB - Placentas were collected at term from a series of 21 women. Thirteen were smokers, and eight were nonsmokers. Microsomes were prepared and used in the following studies of benzo(a)pyrene metabolism: aryl hydrocarbon, hydroxylase, epoxide hydrase, high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites, and DNA binding. DNA-binding adducts were further characterized by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was much higher in smokers than in nonsmokers. Epoxide hydrase activity with styrene oxide as the substrate showed no difference between smokers and nonsmokers. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis showed much greater formation of dihydrodiols, quinones, and phenols by microsomes from smokers. The amount of benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol was almost equal to the amount of phenols produced by the microsomes of the smokers. Sephadex LH-20 analysis of DNA binding resulted in only one major benzo(a)pyrene-DNA adduct when microsomes from smokers were used; this peak corresponds to benzo(a)pyrene 7,8-diol-9, 10-oxide bound to DNA nucleoside(s). PMID- 36983 TI - Proceedings of the NCI-EORTC symposium on new drugs in cancer therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, September 7--8, 1978 Brussels, Belgium. PMID- 36984 TI - [The 8th World Cardiological Congress, Tokio, Sep. 17-23, 1978]. PMID- 36985 TI - Genetic control of morphogenetic and biochemical differentiation: lethal albino deletions in the mouse. PMID- 36986 TI - Effect of thymocyte-stimulating factor-containing supernatants on the surface antigens of murine thymocytes. PMID- 36987 TI - Increased specific binding of [3H]diazepam in rat brain following chronic diazepam administration. AB - Male rats (175 g) were given 30 mg of diazepam in their food daily for 35 days. The animals became drowsy and ataxic from this high dose of drug. After the 35 day dosing, the rats were killed daily, and specific binding of [3H]diazepam and [3H]flunitrazepam was determined in synaptosomal preparations from these and corresponding control rats. On days 3, 4, 6, and 7 after the treatment period the specific binding and specific binding of [3H]diazepam was double that of the control binding and specific binding of [3H]flunitrazepam was 1.67 times that of control. The data indicate that very high doses of diazepam, given for long periods, cause increased specific binding of radiolabeled ligand to brain subfractions. The possible mechanisms and implications are discussed. When lower doses or shorter dosage regimens are used, increased binding is not observed. PMID- 36988 TI - [An analytical study of 2-ethylamino-1-/3-trifluormethylphenyl/-propane (chloride fenfluramine; chloride trifluethamine)]. PMID- 36990 TI - [The 17th Czechoslovak Gastroenterological Congress with international participation. Bratislava, September 18-20, 1978]. PMID- 36989 TI - [Report on the 6th World Gastroenterological Congress and on the 4th World Congress on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Madrid, June 5-10 and June 1-3, 1978]. PMID- 36991 TI - [Regional seminar at the occasion of the 60th anniversary of Chief Physician Jaroslav Sochor]. PMID- 36992 TI - [The 15th congress of the Czechoslovak Communist Party and the comprehensive health program in maternal and child care]. PMID- 36993 TI - [Questions on the monitoring of drug consumption at the 7th International pharmaceutical Congress held in Paris, July 16-21, 1978]. PMID- 36994 TI - The monitoring of lysosomal integrity by pH-stat and light scattering measurements. AB - Light scattering measurements were used to monitor the integrity of isolated rat kidney lysosomes during prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C or following the addition of lysolecithin. The fall in extinction at 520 nm (E520) was shown to correlate very well with the fall in the particulate enzyme activity and the corresponding rise in the soluble enzyme activity. Measurements were also made of the release of H+ from the lysosomes into the suspending medium following treatment with lysolecithin. A good relationship was obtained between acidification of the medium and changes in the light scattering (E520) of the lysosomal suspension. The value of these techniques in following rapid changes in the integrity of lysosomes is discussed. PMID- 36995 TI - Non-competitive inhibition of Rb+ and SO4(2-) uptake caused by Curvularia lunata phytotoxins. PMID- 36996 TI - [Quantitative determination of the activity of acid peptidases of industrial origin]. AB - Reagent ninhydrine-Cd++, reacts with free alpha and epsilon amino groups of proteins. Horse-heart apomyoglobin was subjected to exhaustive succinylation, rendering the product non reactive to ninhydrine. The succinylglobin was submitted to enzyme digestion at pH 2.0, 4.0, 4.7 and 6.0. The commercially available enzymes contain mainly pepsin-like and chymosin-like enzymes. The enzymatic digests of succinyl-globin contain new free alpha-amino groups reacting with ninhydrin. Enzymatic digestion was performed under various condition (ratio E/S, pH). The results were compared to those obtained with synthetic substrate: PRO-HIS-LEU-SER-PHE(NO2)-NLEU-ALA-LEU-OME. The price of the synthetic substrate used, was more than 100 times the cost of succinyl-globin, thus the use of this substrate is a valuable tool for the quantitative estimation of peptidase activity in commercially available (pepsin, chymosin-like) enzymes. PMID- 36997 TI - Anesthetic influence on response to hemorrhage in rats. PMID- 36998 TI - Second annual conference on shock. Colonial Williamsburg, Virginia. Thursday, June 7,-Saturday, June 9, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 36999 TI - Adrenergic blockade and glucoregulation in endotoxin shock. PMID- 37000 TI - First J. Henry Wilkinson Memorial Lecture: The clinical relevance of isoenzyme assays. PMID- 37001 TI - DEAE-cellulose chromatography of creatine kinase isoenzymes--effect of pH and serum. AB - DEAE-cellulose chromatography (pH 7.0) of human heart extracts revealed the presence of three creatine kinase isoenzymes. The CK3 (skeletal muscle) isoenzyme was not retained on the column under these conditions. The CK2 (heart) and CK1 (brain) isoenzymes eluted at a conductivity of 5.5 +/- 0.6 m omega-1 and 11.4 +/- 1.2m omega-1, respectively. When DEAE-cellulose chromatography was performed at pH 8.0, CK2 eluted at a slightly higher conductivity, 6.5 m omega-1, whereas CK1 eluted as before 12.0 m omega-1. DEAE-cellulose chromatography of CK2 and CK1 isoenzymes in the presence of serum protein, and serum albumin had no significant effect on the elution of CK2 at pH 7.0 and 7.4, and on the elution of CK1 at pH 7.0 and 8.0 However, serum and serum albumin decreased the affinity of CK2 for DEAE-celluose at pH 8.0, and caused this isoenzyme to elute at a conductivity of 3.0-3.5 m omega-1. The decreased affinity of CK2 for DEAE-cellulose was not due to aggregation of CK2 with albumin or some other serum protein, but was related to the amount of albumin applied to the column. PMID- 37002 TI - Relations between reported alcohol consumption and certain biological variables in an "unselected" population. AB - We looked for variables that could serve as indexes of alcohol consumption. We tested iron, gamma-glutamyltransferase, mean erythrocyte volume, mean erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration, urea, uric acid, and alanine aminotransferase, among others, in an unselected population of men, and by principal components analysis we singled out the correlation between the two enzymes and the two hematologic values. On the other hand, calculation of the coefficients of correlation between the total amount of alcohol consumed and the 10 variables studied, together with multiple regression analysis, showed that the three variables that correlated most significantly with alcohol consumption were gamma-glutamyltransferase, mean erythrocyte volume, and the use of tobacco. Critical evaluation of the results leads us to conclude that still more discriminative biological indices msut be sought and that the use of psychosocial data is also desirable. PMID- 37003 TI - Isoelectric focusing of serum proteins on modified thin cellulose-acetate membranes. AB - We applied a method previously described for treating cellulsoe acetate gel strips with boron trifluoride in methanol, to make them suitable for isoelectric focusing of proteins, to dry cellulose acetate membranes. The results obtained are shown to compare very favorably. Both wide and narrow pH gradients may be used and coupled either to conventional protein staining or to specific identification by immunofixation. Focusing ordinarily takes 90--120 min, is technically easy, and is economical in the use of ampholytes. PMID- 37004 TI - A reprint of the abstracts from the program of the combined meeting of the American Cleft Palate Association and the American Cleft Palate Educational Foundation. February 25-March 1, 1979. San Diego, California. PMID- 37005 TI - A highly sensitive, simple determination of serum iron using chromazurol B. AB - A highly sensitive, simple determination of serum iron and binding capacity is described. FeIII/FeII reacts with chromazurol B (CAB) and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMA), the resulting substance being a highly coloured ternary complex. Maximal absorbance of the complex occurs at pH 4.6--5.5 at 630 nm. Lambert Beer's law holds between 0 and 80 mumol Fe/l. Molar absorptivity is 1.68 X 10(5) 1 . mol 1 . cm-1 at 630 nm. Interference by other serum components is negligible even at high concentrations. PMID- 37006 TI - Subcellular localization of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in guinea pig liver. Effect of phenobarbital on the enzyme activity levels. AB - The localization of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in guinea pig liver was studied after subcellular fractionation. The enzyme activity was essentially connected with plasma membranes whereas only low activity was found in the endoplasmic reticulum. A similar activity distribution was demonstrated for 5' nucleotidase. Highest specific activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase was found in plasma membranes enriched in bile canaliculi. In this fraction the specific activity was 35 times greater than the specific activity of the total homogenate, a value similar to the relative specific activity of (Na+,K+)-ATPase. More than 90% of the total gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in guinea pig liver was connected with parenchymal cells and the enzyme seemed to have an outside orientation. Animals treated with phenobarbital showed moderate increased in gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in serum and liver, whereas high activities were found in most bile samples. No particular liver subfraction showed substantial accumulation of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. The present findings do not support the suggested use of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase measurements as a direct index of "microsomal enzyme induction". PMID- 37007 TI - Selective effects of clofibrate on alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in serum. AB - Administration of clofibrate to both hyperlipidaemic patients and normolipidaemic subjects produced a significant decrease, averaging 22%, in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Quantitative isoenzyme analysis showed that this change was entirely attributable to an average reduction of 39% in the activity of liver alkaline phosphatase, and that no significant change in the bone isoenzyme occurred. An accompanying fall in serum gamma-glutamyltransferase activity was seen in some subjects but this change was not statistically significant in the group as a whole. PMID- 37008 TI - L-tryptophan and other agents for sleep EEG. PMID- 37009 TI - Histamine receptors on guinea-pig alveolar macrophages: chemical specificity and the effects of H1- and H2-receptor agonists and antagonists. PMID- 37010 TI - Successful replantation of a forefoot. AB - This is a report of replantation of a completely severed forefoot which was divided through the distal tarsus by a samurai sword cut. Primary reconstruction of bone, vessels, nerve and skin was carried out 2 hours following amputation. Neither the long extensor nor the long flexor tendons were repaired. Three years following replantation the patient had an excellent result. His foot appeared normal and there was no evident atrophy of the soft tissue of the foot. No claw toe deformity developed. Protective sensation and temperature sense returned and the 2 point discrimination on plantar surface of the toe was 15 mm. The patient can walk and run with a normal gait. PMID- 37011 TI - Antenatal diagnosis; amniocentesis. NIH consensus Development Conferences. PMID- 37012 TI - Effects of equiblocking doses of nadolol and propranolol on left ventricular performance. AB - Nadolol, a recently developed noncardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker, has the potential advantages of a longer oral half-life (t 1/2) than propranolol and, in animal studies, markedly fewer direct myocardial depressant effects. Neither the relative intravenous potency of nadolol and propranolol nor the comparative effects of the 2 drugs on left ventricular performance has been studied in man. We compared equiblocking intravenous doses of nadolol and propranolol in 10 subjects with ischemic wall-motion disorders. Nadolol was on the average 6.2 times as potent on a milligram-for-milligram basis. Both drugs decreased resting heart rate (p less than 0.02) and produced small rises in both mean pulmonary artery (p less than 0.03) and mean pulmonary artery wedge (p less than 0.03) pressures without significantly reducing the cardiac output. Both drugs also produced depression of the radionuclide ejection fraction (p less than 0.002). There were no significant differences between the effects of the 2 drugs on any of the aforementioned variables. Thus, the effects of nadolol on left ventricular performances are similar to those of propranolol. Because of its long oral t 1/2, nadolol may prove to be a clinically useful drug. PMID- 37013 TI - A radioreceptor assay for propranolol. PMID- 37014 TI - Reduced beta-adrenoceptor sensitivity in the elderly. AB - The effect of age on sensitivity to both isoproterenol and propranolol has been investigated in 27 male volunteers aged 21 to 73 yr. The dose of isoproterenol (given as a rapid intravenous injection) required to increase the resting heart rate by 25 bpm (I25) increased with age. The I25 was repeated during an intravenous infusion of propranolol and the dose ratio (I25 after propranolol divided by the control I25) determined. This was related to the concentration of free propranolol in plasma. It was found that the effectiveness of any given free concentration diminished progressively with age. These data are consistent with a diminished responsiveness of the beta-adrenoceptor to both agonist and antagonist drugs with advancing years. PMID- 37015 TI - Influence of prazosin on the development of antinuclear antibodies in hypertensive patients. AB - A recent publication suggested that antinuclear antibodies (ANA) occur in up to one third of patients treated with the hypotensive drug prazosin (Minipress). We have examined a large group of hypertensive patients and found ANA in 9.7% of 145 patients taking prazosin and in 12.2% of hypertensive patients on any treatment regimen. Excluding patients taking methyldopa (a drug associated with a high ANA incidence), the ANA incidence fell to 6.9% in the prazosin-treated group and to 7.2% of all treated hypertensives. Of over 350 untreated hypertensive patients, 6.0% had ANA. Prazosin did not increase the ANA incidence in patients on or off various drug combinations including beta blockers and diuretics. Analysis of the data by age and sex confirmed our conclusion that prazosin therapy is not accompanied by an increase in ANA. PMID- 37016 TI - [Treatment of obesity: endocrine-metabolic status in fasting patients treated with cerebral phospholipids]. PMID- 37017 TI - [Double blind study of clobazam (HR 376) in pre- and postoperative anxiety states]. PMID- 37018 TI - The effect of temperature of concurrently administered fluid on the onset of ipecac-induced emesis. AB - The time of onset of ipecac-induced emesis is not significantly influenced by the temperature of concurrently administered fluid. The average time of emesis with syrup of ipecac administered with cold (10 degrees C) versus warm (40 degrees C) water was found to be 30:59 and 30:18 min, respectively. The difference in induction time is not statistically or clinically significant. PMID- 37019 TI - Eye contamination: a poison center protocol for management. PMID- 37020 TI - Physician advisory: health effects of the pregnancy use of diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 37021 TI - Loxoscelism (brown recluse spider bites): a review of the literature. PMID- 37022 TI - Resistant pneumococcal infections. PMID- 37023 TI - The effects of exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of cadmium on enzyme activities and accumulation of the metal in tissues and organs of rainbow and brown trout (Salmo gairdneri, Richardson and Salmo trutta Fario L.). PMID- 37024 TI - Osmoregulation and gill Na, K-ATPase in the rock crab, Cancer irroratus: response to DDT. PMID- 37025 TI - Responses of snail muscle fibres to acetylcholine and serotonin. PMID- 37026 TI - Cobra venom acetylcholinesterase. II. Substrate specificity. PMID- 37027 TI - Biochemical processes involved in ferrihemoglobin formation by monohydroxyaniline derivatives in erythrocytes of birds and mammals. PMID- 37028 TI - Effect of anaemia on some metabolites in the rabbit red blood cell. PMID- 37029 TI - Absence of brain specific benzodiazepine receptors in cyclostomes and elasmobranchs. PMID- 37030 TI - The effects of the insecticide decamethrin on action potential and voltage-clamp currents of Myxicola giant axon. PMID- 37031 TI - Effects of photoperiod, cold acclimation and melatonin on the white rat. PMID- 37032 TI - Properties of norepinephrine N-methyltransferase from rat, cat and chicken brain. PMID- 37033 TI - Cardiac glycosides in the defensive secretion of Chrysolina herbacea (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Identification, biological role and pharmacological activity. PMID- 37034 TI - Effects of catecholamine treatment as well as cold exposure on mitochondrial enzyme activities of the adipose tissue in a guinea-pig (Cavia porcellus). PMID- 37035 TI - Distribution of 3H-dihydroalprenolol and 3H-dihydroergocryptine in tissue of rat and frog. PMID- 37036 TI - Failure to protect frog skeletal muscle from ionophore-induced damage by the use of the protease inhibitor leupeptin. PMID- 37037 TI - Subcellular distribution and properties of intestinal histamine-metabolizing enzymes from rats, guinea pigs and rhesus monkeys. PMID- 37038 TI - The interaction of shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus). PMID- 37039 TI - The pA2 values of cholinergic antagonists on identified neurons of the snail Helix aspersa. PMID- 37040 TI - Effects of chronic guanethidine on the sympathetic nervous system of mouse and toad. PMID- 37041 TI - Multicompartment diffusion and reaction modeling system applied to transmitter mediated photoreception. PMID- 37042 TI - Oral contraceptives and depressive symptomatology: biologic mechanisms. PMID- 37043 TI - Postischemic brain oxygenation with barbiturate therapy in rats. AB - We measured rat brain cortex PO2 (PtO2) with gold microelectrodes (tip diameter 5 -10 micron) for up to 2 hours after 16 min of transient global brain ischemia with and without thiopental 90 mg/kg infused iv over 60 min beginning at 5 min postischemia. Seventeen rats were immobilized and mechanically ventilated on 1% halothane in oxygen with continuous monitoring of PtO2, ECG, end-expiratory CO2, rectal temperature, and arterial blood pressure. Global ischemia was induced by trimethaphan hypotension to an MAP of about 50 torr and a neck tourniquet inflated to 1500 torr. Postischemia, nine control rats (11 PtO2 measurements) were untreated and eight rats (8 PtO2 measurements) received thiopental 90 mg/kg. Preischemia, PtO2 values in both groups ranged from less than 5--70 torr with values of greatest frequency between 10 and 15 torr. Postischemia, PtO2 in control rats peaked at 45 +/- 8 (SEM) torr at 20 min. In thiopental treated rats, peak PtO2 was 24 +/- 6 torr at 10 min postischemia. Relative frequency histograms of PtO2 revealed that PtO2 in thiopental treated rats was lower (p less than 0.05) between 15 and 30 min postischemia. The magnitude of the decrease in PtO2 between 105 and 120 min postischemia appeared to correlate directly with the absolute preischemic value (i.e., the higher the preischemic PtO2, the greater the decrease in PtO2 postischemia). These results suggest that thiopental administered in large doses in early postischemia does not improve brain oxygenation secondary to a reduction in brain oxygen consumption. The relevance of the correlation between the magnitude of the fall in PtO2 postischemia and the magnitude of the preischemic value is discussed. PMID- 37044 TI - Multivariate symptom analysis related to response to lorazepam treatment. AB - In an attempt to explain the marked inter-trial differences in the percentage of patients reported to benefit from the anxiolytic agent lorazepam, a statistical analysis was carried out on the scores from a psychiatric symptom questionnaire, completed before and after treatment with lorazepam, by 69 psychiatric out patients. Most of the patients presented with a mixture of different syndromes, with moderate to severe symptoms, and had already failed to respond to other treatment. Forty of the patients showed a favourable response to lorazepam. Multivariate analysis of the strength of 6 symptom clusters versus therapeutic response in this diagnostically heterogeneous patient sample revealed that, in addition to anxiety, there was a high relationship also between phobic and psychosomatic symptom scores and response to lorazepam. The relationship between depression scores and response was only of borderline significance, and that for hysteria and obsessionality was poor. It is suggested that one explanation of inter-trial differences in the percentages of patients improved by lorazepam may be that they are due to differences in the diagnostic composition of the patient populations studied. PMID- 37045 TI - Effects of azatadine maleate on subjective appraisal and psychomotor functions relevant to driving performance. AB - Studies were carried out in normal healthy male subjects to assess the effects on psychomotor functions and subjective ratings of performance after acute administration of azatadine maleate, a potent antihistamine with additional antiserotonin activity. In the first trial, 2 mg azatadine was compared with another new antihistamine Sch 12169 (2 mg) and placebo. In a second trial, higher doses of azatadine (4 mg and 8 mg) were compared with dexchlorpheniramine (4 mg) and placebo. Both trials were of a double-blind, randomized Latin square design and subjects were assessed using a battery of tests, after administration of each trial drug. The time and sequence of tests were standarized, with a 1-week interval between test sessions. The results showed that azatadine did not produce significant impairment of psychomotor function at either the standard 2 mg or the maximum recommended 4 mg per day dosage level. Permormance was only significantly impaired, compared with that after placebo, at the 8 mg dose level and was of a similar order to that observed after dexchlorpheniramine at the usual 4 mg dosage. It is suggested, therefore, that at the normal recommended dosage of 2 mg per day, azatadine is not likely to impair driving ability. PMID- 37046 TI - Expression of human arylsulfatase-A in man-hamster somatic cell hybrids. PMID- 37047 TI - Report from the Human Genetic Mutant Cell Repository to the Fourth International Workshop on Human Gene Mapping (Winnipeg, 1977). PMID- 37048 TI - The pH of sclerosing agents: a determinant of pleural symphysis. AB - The rate of success in producing pleural symphysis with intrapleural instillation of sclerosing agents has been variable. Differences in the designs of studies probably account for some of the variability, but the reasons for the remainder are not clear. Since a low pH of the pleural fluid is associated with pleural adhesions and loculations, the pH of the commonly used solutions of sclerosing agents was determined, both in their usual concentrations and when diluted with large quantities of exudative pleural fluid. The buffered solution of tetracycline hydrochloride had the most acidic pH (2.0) and showed little change when diluted by pleural fluid. A 0.5 percent solution of sodium hydroxide had the highest pH (13.0). The remainder of the sclerosing solutions showed a range of pH from 4.3 to 8.7. Experimental and clinical experience suggests that tetracycline consistently has the highest rate of success in producing pleural symphysis. It appears that when proper technique is employed, the pH of the solution of the sclerosing agent is an important determinant of the production of pleural symphysis. PMID- 37050 TI - [96th Congress of the German Society for Surgery, Munich, 25-28 April 1979]. PMID- 37049 TI - Effects of acid aspiration on pulmonary alveolar epithelial membrane permeability. AB - Employing a modification of the in vivo model of a liquid-filled canine lung, we measured the movement of substances of specific sizes (albumin, 69,000 daltons with a molecular radius of 35 A; and dextran with a molecular weight of 150,000 to 170,000 and an approximate molecular radius of 100 A) from the pulmonary capillary blood to the liquid-filled lung. A solution with a specific pH (1.5 to 4.5) was instilled into the left lung of the animals at a dosage of 3 to 5 ml/kg of body weight. For both albumin and dextran with a molecular weight of 150,000 to 170,000, the time for 50 percent equilibration between the specific substance in the blood and the same substance in the pulmonary liquid decreased significantly with instillation of pulmonary liquid with a pH of 1.5 and 2.5 but did not with a pH of 3.5 or above (P less than 0.05). In addition, since histamine has been implicated as a possible humoral mediator leading to increased permeability of alveolar membranes, the levels of histamine were measured in pulmonary liquids and blood in all groups. Levels of histamine in the pulmonary liquid (but not blood) were significantly higher in animals with instillation of liquids with a pH of 1.5 and 2.5 compared to all other groups. PMID- 37051 TI - [Reduction of myocardial reperfusion damage using hypocalcemic, hyperkalemic, alkaline blood during post-ischemic oxygen resaturation]. AB - Postischemic myocardial depression is largely caused by a reperfusion injury which can be avoided almost completely by initial reoxygenation with hypocalcemic, hyperkalemic, alkalotic blood. Reperfusate modification resulted in postischemic myocardial performance comparable to that achieved in hearts receiving continuous coronary perfusion. PMID- 37052 TI - [95th Congress of the German Society for Surgery, Munich, 3 to 6 May 1978]. PMID- 37053 TI - [Comparison of the value of various methods for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux]. AB - At the University Surgical Clinic Koln-Lindenthal 5 different methods were employed for assessment of gastro-esophageal reflux between 1975 - 1976 in 283 patients with and without reflux disturbances. Clinically, a gastro-esophageal reflux was found in 72% of the cases. The measurement of intra-esophageal pH with reflux-provocation was the most sensitive, and at the same time the most specific (83, 3%). Significant differentiation betwen patients with and without reflux who had an axial hiatus-hernia could not be made, using x-ray examination and counting of the number of times swallowed in the acid-clearing test. The most suitable procedure in proving the presence of gastro-esophageal reflux was esophagoscopy, intra-esophageal pH-measurement and acid-clearing-and-pH determination, in all of which the results correlated with each other to a high degree. PMID- 37054 TI - Hormonal regulation of perinatal enzyme differentiation in the mammalian liver. AB - The adaptation of newborn mannals to extrauterine life depends in large part on the maturation of biochemical and physiological functions during perinatal development. Hormones such as glucocorticoids, catecholamines and glucagon can stimulate enzyme induction during development; on the other hand, insulin has been shown to antagonize these stimulatory effects. Only the surface of the problem of hormonal regulation of enzyme differentiation during the perinatal period has been reached, especially as regards human development. Each enzyme presents unique problems of chemical regulation; the functional consequences of these factors are not exactly the same in each tissue and perhaps not in each species. The possibility of using inducing agents such as hormones, drugs and substrates to promote biochemical enzyme differentiation is a new and exciting aspect which needs to be explored further as a means of facilitating survival and ensuring optimal extrauterine development of the immaturely born human infant or the full-term infant with delayed-enzymic development. However, any intervention in the carefully programmed interplay of different hormones which regulate normal enzymic adaptation and development during the perinatal period should be undertaken only after careful consideration. The possibilities of long-term harm must be weighed against short-term benefits. PMID- 37055 TI - Regulation of placental enzymes of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways. AB - The activity of enzymes with a regulatory function in the pathways of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, NADPH generation and fatty acid synthesis was measured in the placenta and liver of rats. Compared with the liver, a high activity of pyruvate kinase was found in the placenta, indicating a high glycolytic potential; a small capacity for gluconeogenesis was also present and a moderate to low activity of enzymes associated with lipogenesis. The activity of all placental enzymes fell from day 15 to 20 of gestation irrespective of the pathway they represented. The pattern of decline continued when the gestation was prolonged up to day 26 by the administration of chorionic gonadotropin. The rates of activity disappearance over 11 days of gestation differed for each enzyme, with half-lives ranging from 2.7 days for NADP-malate dehydrogenase to 7 days for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In contrast, the activity of hepatic enzymes either remained unchanged or showed individual adaptation to the advancing pregnancy. The regression in placental metabolic capacity after day 15 of gestation was also evident by the decrease in glucose uptake and its channelling to lactate, CO2, glycerol and fatty acids. In addition, placental ageing was associated with triglyceride accumulation, mainly due to the decrease in free fatty acid oxidation. Treatment of pregnant rats with several hormones, while markedly affecting the hepatic enzyme activities, failed to induce appreciable changes in the corresponding placental enzymes. This was illustrated in the case of triiodothyronine treatment. Similarly, insulin deficiency induced by streptozotocin failed to elicit adaptive changes in placental enzyme activities typical of diabetes like those occurring in the maternal liver; some converse responses in the placenta were attributed to hyperglycaemia. On the other hand, responses in some fetal liver enzymes were suggestive of fetal hyperinsulinaemia. These observations indicate that placental enzymes are not susceptible to endocrine regulation and imply that placental metabolism is largely independent of the physiopathological alterations affecting the maternal organism. The gradual activity decreases with gestation suggest that the enzyme complement of the placenta, once developed, is designed to last through its limited lifespan without continuous replenishment. Within this context, no mechanism seems to operate to ind1ce the adaptive synthesis of individual enzymes, and the age of the placenta appears to be the primary factor determining its enzyme activity and metabolic performance. PMID- 37056 TI - Cyclic nucleotides and the regulation of canine gastric acid secretion. AB - The response of the cyclic nucleotide system (cAMP, cGMP, adenylate cyclase, guanylate cyclase, and specific phosphodiesterases) to two gastric acid secretagogues, histamine and acetylcholine, and two secretory inhibitors, prostaglandin E2 and secretin, was studied in vivo and in vitro in canine gastric fundic mucosa. Histamine and acetylcholine in vivo failed to stimulate cAMP but significantly increased cGMP; in vitro they affected neither adenylate cyclase nor guanylate cyclase. Prostaglandin E2 and secretin, however, increased cAMP in vivo and significantly stimulated adenylate cyclase in vitro. Specific phosphodiesterases were unaffected by these compounds. The changes, while not specifically localized to the acid-producing cells, are consistent with the suggestion that the control of canine gastric acid secretion may be mediated by changes in mucosal cAMP and cGMP. PMID- 37057 TI - Physiological and morphological characteristics of progressive disruption of the canine gastric mucosal barrier. AB - The investigation had two major goals: to define the progression of physiological changes associated with disruption of the gastric mucosal barrier to sodium and hydrogen and to identify the morphological correlates of the physiological alterations. Fluxes of ions and water were determined before and after treatment of oxyntic mucosa with graded concentrations of butyric acid using dogs with gastric pouches. Three phases of barrier disruption were characterized: I, acceleration of normal Na+/H+ exchange; II, neutralization of H+; III, exudation of interstitial fluid. Parallel studies assessed morphological damage associated with these phases. In Phase I, cellular bulging into the lumen and dilation of intercellular spaces were evident. Some cellular erosion and extreme intercellular dilation were prominent in Phase II. Phase III was represented by necrotic changes and desquamation. It is concluded that disruption of transport mechanisms occurs sequentially and is closely correlated with morphological signs of progressive damage. PMID- 37058 TI - Pathogenesis of duodenal ulceration produced by cysteamine or propionitrile: influence of vagotomy, sympathectomy, histamine depletion, H-2 receptor antagonists and hormones. AB - Insight into the pathogenesis and etiology of experimental duodenal ulceration was sought by studying the modulation of this disease in rats by selective vagotomy, chemical sympathectomy, histamine depletion, histamine H-2 receptor antagonists (eg, metiamide, cimetidine), or endocrine ablations. Gastric secretion was examined in intact and pylorus-ligated animals. The formation of duodenal ulcers induced by the administration of propionitrile or cysteamine was abolished by vagotomy, decreased by sympathectomy, histamine depletion, histamine H-2 receptor antagonists, hypophysectomy, thyroidectomy, or adrenalectomy. Cimetidine and metiamide exerted a dose-dependent antiulcer effect, but metiamide enhanced the mortality of rats given propionitrile or cysteamine. The non ulcerogen derivative of cysteamine, ethanolamine, did not increase mortality when given in combination with metiamide. The gastric hyperacidity elicited by cysteamine was reduced by metiamide or vagotomy, the latter being more effective in this respect. Thus, the chemically induced duodenal ulcer in rats resembles the human peptic ulcer disease in sensitivity to therapeutic modalities and may serve as an appropriate model to study the role of neural, hormonal, and other factors in the etiology and pathogenesis of this disorder. PMID- 37059 TI - Influence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency on the intraluminal pH of the proximal small intestine. PMID- 37060 TI - [Parasympathicolytic drugs in treatment of obstructive lung diseases (author's transl)]. AB - In order to investigate the effect of ipratropium bromide in antigen induced bronchial obstruction 8 series of investigations were performed in patients with extrinsic asthma using bronchial provocation tests. The broncholytic effect of ipratropium bromide (0.1 and 0.25 mg in 1 ml solution) was significantly lower when compared with fenoterol and salbutamol and not clearly distinct from untreated controls, when airway resistance, thoracic gas volume and specific airway resistance were measured. No correlation of the effect of ipratropium bromide with bronchial reactivity to histamine, basal values and antigen induced obstruction as well as corticosteroid dependency could be ascertained. Increase of dosage did not lead to improved effectiveness. In contrast protective application of ipratropium bromide before antigen inhalation led to prevention of obstructions did disodium cromoglycate. It is concluded that regular prophylactic application of ipratropium bromide is more effective than bronchospasmolytic application. All forms of obstructive pulmonary disease are thus an indication for parasympathicolytic drugs provided they are used regularly. PMID- 37061 TI - [The agargel-immunodiffusion test for diagnosis of equine infectious anemia. II. Comparative assay of different agar concentrations for standardisation of the ID test (author's transl)]. PMID- 37062 TI - Beta-blockers in hypertension: how to get the best results. PMID- 37063 TI - Can beta-blockers be used in diabetic patients? PMID- 37064 TI - Cefuroxime: a review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. AB - Cefuroxime is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin for parenteral administration. It is resistant to destruction by beta-lactamases produced by staphylococci and most Gram-negative aerobic bacteria and is active against many bacteria resistant to cephalothin. Cefuroxime is the most active of the cephalosporins against gonococci and Haemophilus influenzae particularly against beta-lactamase producing strains. Given by intramuscular or intravenous injection cefuroxime is effective against a wide variety of infections caused by Gram-positive or Gram negative aerobes, but has no effect against infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or B. fragilis. Cefuroxime is of value in the treatment of respiratory infections due to Haemophilus influenzae and Streptocococcus pneumoniae and is useful against cephalosporin-resistant Klebsiella and Enterobacter infections. Cefuroxime is an alternative to spectinomycin for the treatment of beta-lactamase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. It is generally well tolerated and appears not to be nephrotoxic when given alone at usual dosages. PMID- 37065 TI - Adrenoceptor blocking drugs: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use. PMID- 37066 TI - Bromocriptine in the treatment of parkinsonism. AB - Bromocriptine alters the motor behaviour of animals and improves the motor defect of parkinsonism. Changes in movement are accompanied by biochemical changes in the central nervous system, consistent with the idea that bromocriptine has a dopamine agonist action in the basal ganglia and also in the mesolimbic system and hypothalamus. The overall anti-parkinsonian effect of bromocriptine is similar to that of l-dopa alone or with benserazide (a decarboxylase inhibitor) when optimum doses are used, although individual patients may respond better to 1 drug than to the other. PMID- 37068 TI - Thyrotropin receptors on bovine thyroid membranes: two types with different affinities and specificities. PMID- 37067 TI - Drugs, alcohol and driving. AB - Driving a car is a complex psychomotor and perceptual task which is subject to impairment by many factors. Several workers have studied the potential effects of drugs and alchol in crash production by epidemiological and laboratory studies. Both types of studies have yielded useful data but their limitations must be borne in mind when applying the results in pratice. Alcohol is obviously the most common single cause of traffic accidents. A progessively increased risk with increasing blood alcohol levels is well documented; fatigue and/or drugs increase this risk. Drugs are related much more infrequently to traffic accidents although on the basis of statistics, there is a potential risk with drug use. However, drugs alone are not as important as alcohol. The most significant drugs as regards driving risk are obviously certain antianxiety agents, hypnotics, stimulants, hallucinogens, marihuana, lithium and narcotic analgesics, as well as ganglionic blocking agents, insulin and sulphonylurea derivates. Patients should not drive after taking these drug until they are objectively fully alert and capable. Anticholinergics, antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, phenybutazone, indomethacin, alpha-methyldopa, and beta-blockers may in some cases cause central side effects (e.g. drowsiness) strong enough to affect driving performance. After starting therapy with these drugs, or after a significant change in dose, driving should be avoided until it is known that unwanted effects do not occur. Psychotropic drugs may enhance the deleterious effect of alcohol, and with most hypnotics there is still an effect the next morning. Some drugs (e.g. anticonvulsants or antiparkinsonian drugs) may make driving safer, but the disease (epilepsy, Parkinsonism, cardiovascular diseases, psychic disorders, etc.) ofter precludes driving. Clinicians should warn their patients about an impairment of driving skills if this is likely to occur due to the drug or the illness concerned. PMID- 37069 TI - The effects of culture conditions on prolactin and growth hormone production by rat anterior pituitary cells. PMID- 37070 TI - Differential selectivity of several barbiturates on experimental seizures and neurotoxicity in the mouse. AB - Six barbiturates with diverse time-action characteristics--thiopental, pentobarbital, butabarbital, phenobarbital, diphenylbarbiturate, and barbital- were evaluated for "anticonvulsant" and "neurotoxic" effects. For the former, the MES test, clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol, 90 mg/kg, s.c., and maximal seizures produced by pentylenetetrazol, 200 mg/kg, s.c., were employed. For the latter, we used a rotorod technique. Time to peak activity in the MES test was employed as the time for other tests. Pentobarbital required at least neurotoxic doses to produce substantial "anticonvulsant" activity, its protective index ranging from 0.79 to 0.98 in the three tests. Among the drugs tested, phenobarbital and diphenylbarbiturate exhibited the most favorable protective indices, ranging from 2.71 to 3.41 for phenobarbital and from 3.85 to 5.0 for diphenylbarbiturate. Barbital, another drug with a prolonged duration of action, exhibited a range from 0.84 to 2.81. Although a prolonged duration of action is an important characteristic for antiepileptic activity, this property does not confer per se a favorable protective index. PMID- 37071 TI - Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the German Section of the International League Against Epilepsy May 26--28, 1978 Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany. Abstracts. PMID- 37072 TI - Annual Meeting of the Danish Epilepsy Society: Joint Meeting with the Danish Neurological Association, May 29, 1978, Copenhagen, Denmark. Abstracts. PMID- 37073 TI - Intrinsic fluorescence of cowpea-chlorotic-mottle-virus protein. PMID- 37074 TI - Dual localization of long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase in rat liver: one in the microsomes and one in the mitochondrial matrix. AB - Subcellular fractionation studies of rat liver localized the activity of palmitoyl-L-carnitine hydrolase to the microsomal fraction whereas palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity was found both in the microsomal fraction and in mitochrondria. An unusual biphasic sataration curve for palmitoyl-CoA was observed when intact mitochondrial hydrolase activity. Disruption of the mitochondrial structure doubled the palmitoyl-CoA hydrolysis. Discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation and digitonin fractionation of rat liver mitochondria demonstrated that a palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase was associated with the matrix fraction. Pure matrix and microsomal fractions showed that the two hydrolase activities were differently affected by the presence of divalent cations. Both the specific activity and the saturation concentration of palmitoyl CoA were higher for the microsomal enzyme than for the matrix-associated enzyme. PMID- 37075 TI - Formate-nitrite reduction in Escherchia coli K12. 1. Physiological study of the system. PMID- 37076 TI - The reaction of nitrogen monoxide and of nitrite with deoxyhaemocyanin and methaemocyanin of Helix pomatia. AB - Deoxyhaemocyanin, treated with NO under strictly anaerobic conditions, yielded methaemocyanin and N2O in a fast reaction. In a further slow reaction this methaemocyanin lost its triplet electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal at g = 4 and yielded a nitrosyl derivative with a characteristic g = 2 Cu(II) EPR signal, indicating the binding of a single NO per copper pair. Thus under strictly anaerobic conditions deoxyhaemocyanin and methaemocyanin, treated with NO, gave the same derivative as shown by circular dichroism and EPR spectra. Methaemocyanin yielded, moreover, reversibly a nitrite derivative, characterized by a triplet signal at g = 4 with 7 hyperfine lines. PMID- 37077 TI - Ribosomal phosphoproteins of mouse myeloma cells. Changes in the degree of phosphorylation induced by hypertonic initiation block. PMID- 37078 TI - 270-MHz 1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance study of Met-enkephalin in water. Conformational behaviour as a function of pH. PMID- 37079 TI - Light-induced proton transport by chloroplasts suspended in fluid media at sub zero temperatures: kinetics and stoichiometry. AB - 1. Chloroplasts suspended in a medium containing ethanediol and water (1 : 1, v/v) at -16 degrees C show light-induced proton uptake and subsequent dark efflux. Proton uptake in continuous light showed biphasic kinetics. 2. A 1 ms flash caused a single turnover of the photochemical centres at -16 degrees C. Under the same conditions 3H+ were taken up from the external medium in the presence of methyl viologen as electron acceptor. 3. The flash-induced proton uptake was exponential and monophasic with t1/2 = 3 s. The flash-induced proton release into the thylakoid interior was biphasic, with half-times of less than 0.1 s and 3 s. The fast phase represented approximately 30% of the total release and may be correlated with the oxidation of water. 4. The half-time of reduction of cytochrome f in the dark following illumination in the presence of 2 mM NH4Cl (2.5 s) is similar to the half-time of the slow phase of proton release, suggesting a correlation between the kinetics of cytochrome f reduction and plastoquinol oxidation. PMID- 37080 TI - Kinetic studies of the interaction between MS2 phage and F pilus of Escherichia coli. AB - The kinetics of the binding reaction of MS2 phage to free F pili, which were highly purified from Escherichia coli, has been studied using a membrane filter assay. The rate of dissociation (kd) of the MS2-phage--F-pilus complex is very slow and follows first-order kinetics with a half-life of 4.2 h at 30 degrees C in the standard buffer. The dissociation rate is rather insensitive to temperature, but becomes more rapid at high ionic strength or at basic pH. In a 0.25 M ionic strength buffer, the half-life of the complex is about 1.0 min. The rate of association is very fast and follows second-order kinetics with the rate constant for association (ka) being 8 x 10(7) M-1 s-1 at 30 degrees C in the standard buffer. The rate of association is almost insensitive to ionic strength but slightly sensitive to pH or temperature. Monovalent cations can also promote the binding reaction as well as divalent cations but the complex formed with monovalent cation is unstable. A study of the kinetics of dissociation suggests that there are two types of interaction between MS2 phage and F pilus; one is a strong interaction formed with divalent cations and the other is a weak one formed with monovalent cations. The physical nature of the bonds involved in the former and the latter seems to be mainly electrostatic and non-electrostatic respectively. The mechanism of the binding reaction is discussed. PMID- 37081 TI - 1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of porcine lutropin and its alpha and beta subunits. AB - The titration curves of the histidine residues of porcine lutropin and its isolated alpha and beta subunits have been determined by following the pH dependence of the imidazole C-2 proton resonances. The isolated alpha subunit contains a buried histidine, whose C-2 proton does not exchange with solvent, and which has the unusually low pK of 3.3. In the native hormone all the histidine residues have relatively normal pK values (between 5.7 and 6.2). The four histidine C-2 proton resonances have been assigned to specific residues in the amino-acid sequence, by means of deuterium and tritium exchange experiments on the alpha subunit and its des(92-96) derivative. The histidine with a pK of 3.3 is identified as His-alpha87. The effects of pH on tyrosine and methyl proton resonances show that the titration of His-87 in the isolated alpha subunit is accompanied by a significant conformational change which involves loosening of the protein structure but which is not a normal unfolding transition. The role of conformational changes in the generation of biological activity by subunit association in the glycoprotein hormones is discussed. PMID- 37082 TI - Anaerobic respiration and energy conservation in Paracoccus denitrificans. Functioning of iron-sulfur centers and the uncoupling effect of nitrite. AB - 1. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra at 8-60 K of NADH-reduced membrane particles prepared from Paracoccus denitrificans grown anaerobically with nitrate as terminal electron acceptor show the presence of iron-sulfur centers 1-4 in the NADH-ubiquinone segment of the respiratory chain. In addition resonance lines at g = 2.058, g = 1.953 and g = 1.88 are detectable in the spectra of succinate reduced membranes at 15 K, which are attributed to the iron-sulfur-containing nitrate reductase. 2. Sulphate-limited growth under anaerobic conditions does not affect the iron-sulfur pattern of NADH dehydrogenase or nitrate reductase. Furthermore respiratory chain-linked electron transport and its inhibition by rotenone are not influenced. These results contrast those observed for sulphate limited growth of P. denitrificans under aerobic conditions [Eur. J. Biochem. (1977) 81, 267-275]. 3. Proton translocation studies of whole cells indicate that nitrite increases the proton conductance of the cytoplasmic membrane, resulting in a collapse of the proton gradient across the membrane. Nitrite accumulates under anaerobic growth conditions with nitrate as terminal electron acceptor; the extent of accumulation depends on the specific growth conditions. Thus the low efficiencies of respiratory chain-linked energy conservation observed during nitrate respiration [Arch. Microbiol. (1977) 112, 17-23] can be explained by the uncoupling action of nitrite. PMID- 37083 TI - An acid protease in human erythrocytes and its localization in the inner membrane. AB - The isolation of erythrocytes of high purity from human blood was achieved by a combination of the two well established methods cells in erythrocyte preparations of different purities was studied. The acid protease activity was recovered to a level comparable with the recovery of erythrocytes, while the neutral protease activity as detected by the release of acid-soluble peptides from hemoglobin or casein disappeared in proportion to the removal of white blood cells. An acid protease was solubilized from the membranes of the purified erythrocytes by the extraction with 1-butanol. The enzyme was active in a pH range from 2 to 4, and sensitive to pepstatin. It was named pH-3 protease after its pH optimum. Sealed ghosts with right-side-out membranes and inside-out vesicles with reverted membranes were prepared from the purified erythrocytes and compared with respect to pH-3 protease activity for its latency as well as its inactivation by tryptic digestion. The results obtained indicate that pH-3 protase is localized on the inner surface of erythrocyte membranes. The self-digestion experiments at pH 4 using the sealed ghosts showed higher availability to pH-3 protease of spectrin and IVa protein than the other membrane proteins, also suggesting the localization of an acid protease in the inner membranes of erythrocytes. PMID- 37084 TI - Interaction of vasoactive intestinal peptide with isolated intestinal epithelial cells from rat. 1. Characterization, quantitative aspects and structural requirements of binding sites. PMID- 37085 TI - Purification and characterization of long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase from rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 37086 TI - Salts- induced oxidase activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase from pig heart. AB - A weak NADH oxidase activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase at neutral pH is increased as much as 15-fold by the addition of KI or (NH4)2SO4. The addition of NAD+ shifts the optimum pH for the KI-induced oxidase activity from 6.3 to 5.5 without changing the maximum activity. The optimum pH is similarly shifted to 5.6 when sulfhyldryl groups of the enzyme are oxidized in the presence of small amount of cupric ion. The NADH: lipoamide and NADH: p-benzoquinone reductase activities are strongly inhibited by KI but both are increased by the presence of (NH4)2SO4. The known intermediate having a charge-transfer band at 530 nm can be seen upon an addition of NADH to the enzyme in the presence of (NH4)2SO4 but not in the presence of KI. The enzyme flavin is reductase by a stoichiometric amount of NADH when KI is present. PMID- 37087 TI - Fabry's disease with familial lymphedema of the lower limbs. Case report and family study. AB - The case of a 49-year-old man with Fabry's disease (FD), confirmed by histopathological findings of kidney and skin biopsies and enzymatic studies, is reported. Clinical symptoms mainly consisted in severe neurological involvement, and in conspicuous lymphedema of the lower limbs. Two decreased brothers of the patient were also affected with symptons strongly suggesting FD, as well as the lymphedema of the lower limbs. On the basis of these data, the association of FD with familial lymphedema of the lower limbs is discussed: a lipid accumulation in the lymphatic as well as the blood vessel wall is proposed as a possible explanation; the hypothesis of an inborn error in the development of the lymphatic system, controlled by a gene closedly associated with the FD gene on the same chromosome can also be advanced. PMID- 37088 TI - Transfer in vitro of three benzodiazepines across the human placenta. AB - A comparative study of the placental transfer to the foetus of three benzodiazepines was performed using a dual perfusion system of the human placental lobule. A transport fraction was calculated for each benzodiazepine and was compared with reference substances. Relative to antipyrine, the transport fraction of diazepam was 85%, and that of nordiazepam was 84%. The transport fraction of clorazepate represented only 20% of that of tritiated water. The relatively high transfer of diazepam and nordiazepam can be attributed to their high lipid solubility, and the lower transfer of clorazepate is due to its polar nature. It is suggested that in certain instances this benzodiazepine may be of especial value to obstetricians. PMID- 37089 TI - Pharmacokinetics of clorazepate in pregnant and non-pregnant women. AB - A single dose of clorazepate 20 mg was injected i.m. in 7 pregnant and 7 non pregnant women. Blood samples were collected for one week, and urine was collected for 24 h after the dose. The concentrations of clorazepate and its metabolite nordiazepam were determined by electron capture gas liquid chromatography. There was no difference between the two groups on physical examinations. Clorazepate was rapidly absorbed and the peak concentration was reached within 2 h. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters for clorazepate were absorption half life 0.77 h in pregnant women and 0.56 h in non-pregnant women; elimination half life 1.3 h in pregnant women and 2.0 h in non-pregnant women; volume of distribution: 0.43 1 . kg-1 in the pregnant women and 0.33 1 . kg-1 in non-pregnant women. Nordiazepam reached its peak concentration within 12 h after dosing; its mean half life of elimination was 180 h in pregnant women and 60 h in non-pregnant women. Within 24 h, 1.3% of the clorazepate was recovered in urine from pregnant women and 7% in urine from the non-pregnant women. PMID- 37090 TI - Pharmacokinetics of the placental transfer and distribution of clorazepate and its metabolite nordiazepam in the feto-placental unit and in the neonate. AB - Clorazepate 20 mg was given i.m. to 49 mothers during the first stage of labour. The elimination of the drug was studied in 27 newborns produced by these mothers. The same dose was given to 13 women who underwent amniocentesis and to 7 women who were breast-feeding. "Total nordiazepam", i.e. the sum of clorazepate and its metabolite nordiazepam, was determined by gas-liquid chromatography in maternal blood, umbilical cord blood (both arterial and venous), amniotic fluid and in milk. Clorazepate was found to cross the placental barrier slowly, but nordiazepam was transferred more rapidly. Nordiazepam was found in the milk and in the blood of neonates after breast-feeding had started. PMID- 37092 TI - Report of the Seventh European Symposium on Clinical Pharmacological Evaluation in Drug control. Deidesheim, 14--17 November 1978. PMID- 37091 TI - The effect of rifampicin on norethisterone pharmacokinetics. AB - The pharmacokinetics of norethisterone have been studied in 8 women during and one month after treatment with rifampicin (450--600 mg/day). Rifampicin caused a significant reduction in the A.U.C. of a single dose of 1 mg norethisterone from 37.8 +/- 13.1 to 21.9 +/- 5.9 ng/ml X h (p less than 0.01). The plasma norethisterone half life (beta-phase) was also reduced from 6.2 +/- 1.7 to 3.2 +/ 1.0 h (p less than 0.0025). In one additional woman on long term oral contraceptive therapy the 12 hour plasma norethisterone concentration was reduced by rifampicin from 12.3 ng/ml to 2.3 ng/ml. Rifampicin caused a significant increase in antipyrine clearance, 6 beta-hydroxycortisol excretion and plasma gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity but there was no significant correlations between changes in these indices of liver microsomal enzyme induction. There was a significant correlation between the percentage increase in antipyrine clearance and the percentage decrease in norethisterone A.U.C. during rifampicin. The changes in norethisterone pharmacokinetics during rifampicin therapy are compatible with the known enzyme inducing effect of rifampicin. PMID- 37093 TI - Abrupt withdrawal of beta-blocking agents in patients with arterial hypertension. Effect on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma catecholamines and prolactin. AB - Chronic treatment with beta-blockers was interrupted abruptly in six patients with arterial hypertension. Three patients, who had experienced symptoms during a previous withdrawal, again complained of transient palpitations, tremor, sweating, headache and general malaise. A significant increase in standing blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) was noted after 24 h. The standing HR reached a maximum after 48 h and had decreased significantly on the 7th day (p less than 0.005). There was a strong tendency to greater increase in standing BP and HR in the patients who experienced symptoms than in those who did not. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline and prolactin did not change significantly. Thus, beta-blocker withdrawal symptoms are reproducible and are indicative of a transient sympathetic hyperresponse. The increased activity is not likely to be caused by increased production of circulating catecholamines, but rather by increased sensitivity of the beta-receptor. PMID- 37094 TI - beta-Adrenoceptor blocking effects and pharmacokinetics of pindolol. A study in hypertensive Africans. AB - The beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects of pindolol were compared with those of a placebo in a double-blind trial in twelve hypertensive Africans. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were measured at rest and immediately after exercise, before and at intervals up to 8 h after oral administration of the drugs. Plasma levels of pindolol were also determined. Pindolol reduced systolic blood pressure and antagonised exercised-induced tachycardia. The mean time to peak level of pindolol was 1.9 h and the mean half-life was 4.2 h. Comparison of plasma levels of pindolol and beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity showed good correlation between them. It is concluded that the pharmacokinetics and beta-blocking effects of pindolol in Africans are not dissimilar from published data for other races. PMID- 37095 TI - Effect of short-term high-dose treatment with methenamine hippurate on urinary infection in geriatric patients with an indwelling catheter. IV. Clinical evaluation. AB - An evaluation has been made of the clinical and laboratory effects of short-term (34 days), high-dose (2g x 3 daily) treatment with methenamine hippurate (MH) of 14 geriatric patients with an indwelling catheter and clinical features of urinary tract infection. During MH treatment the number of catheter changes was halved, each catheter remaining in situ for an average of 12.0 days as compared to 6.2 days in the pre-treatment control period and 5.2 days in the post treatment control period; the difference is significant (p = 0.008; Friedman two way analysis of variance). Urine pH was reduced (pH 7.0--6.5--7.0; p = 0.01) and the standard bicarbonate in blood was slightly elevated (24.1--25.7--25.0 mmol/l; p= 0.008) during the MH treatment period, when compared to pre- and post treatment control periods. It is suggested that MH treatment reduced the complications associated with indwelling catheters due to reduction in urine pH, bacteriuria, and pyuria. Blockage of catheters is thought to be due to intraluminal salt precipitations with trapping of clumps, and is primarily not correlated with urine viscosity. PMID- 37096 TI - Beta-adrenoceptor blockade by atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol in the anaesthetized cat. AB - The inhibitory effects of atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol on isoprenaline induced tachycardia, broncho-relaxation and vasodilatation were investigated in the reserpinized and anaesthetized cat. In low doses all three antagonists inhibited the heart rate response to isoprenaline, the order of potency being propranolol greater than metoprolol greater than atenolol. While propranolol inhibited the bronchodilation and vasodilation responses to isoprenaline in the same dose range as it blocked the heart rate response, atenolol and metoprolol had to be given in considerably higher doses to block these effects. The results indicate that both metoprolol and atenolol, in contrast to propranolol, are selective beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist. No statistically significant difference in the degree of selectivity was found between metoprolol and atenolol. The three compounds were devoid of intrinsic beta-mimetic activity. PMID- 37097 TI - An automated superfusion technique for measuring circular muscle contraction. Effects of serotonin on intra- and extracranial arteries. AB - A new in vitro technique is described and its advantages are demonstrated: "true" circular contraction is measured; arteries are in cascade, permitting comparison of intra- and extracranial arteries from the same animal; the mechanical influences on contractility are reduced; long-lasting experiments of up to 50 h can be performed; the procedure is fully automated. The maximal effect of an agonist was not only markedly modified during the first 2--4 h after fixing the arteries in the apparatus but also slightly during the next 3--4 h. After the initial stabilization period, the arterial response to an agonist remained highly reproducible for 24--48 h (standard deviation not exceeding 7%). This was demonstrated in all the types of arteries tested. With serotonin as agonist, there was a significant difference in --log ED50 values for intracranial arteries (basilar 8.70, middle cerebral 8.72) vs. extracranial (lateral nasal 8.15; facial 8.14) and peripheral (branch of saphenous 8.14) arteries. PMID- 37098 TI - Binding characteristics of 3H-prazosin to rat brain alpha-adrenergic receptors. AB - 3H-Prazosin binding to membranes from rat brain is saturable, Bmax, 77 fmol/mg protein, of high affinity, KD, 0.28 nM and with a drug specificity indicating that it labels alpha-adrenergic receptors. The ranking of alpha-antagonists for these binding sites suggests that 3H-prazosin may be useful in identifying a subpopulation of alpha-receptors (alpha1) in the central nervous system. PMID- 37099 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical regulation of induction of some enzymes of carbohydrate and aminoacid metabolism in aging. PMID- 37100 TI - Trichomonas vaginalis: NADH oxidase activity. PMID- 37101 TI - Plasmodium gallinaceum: exflagellation stimulated by a mosquito factor. PMID- 37102 TI - The effect of mercuric chloride on renal brush border membrane. PMID- 37103 TI - Beta adrenergic-mediated myofibrillar disruption and enzyme efflux in an experimental myopathy related to isometric muscle activity. PMID- 37104 TI - Robert Hall More--a tribute. PMID- 37105 TI - [Use of spectrophotometric and gel chromatographic methods for the study of tetridine and fenatin]. PMID- 37106 TI - [Rapid determination of the storage time for 0.2% aceclidine solutions for injections]. PMID- 37107 TI - [Optimal conditions for extracting 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxy-acetic acid from aqueous solutions]. PMID- 37108 TI - [Effect of the duration of electrophoresis on the electrophoretic spectra (ES) of pachycarpine and dibazol]. PMID- 37109 TI - [Conditions for isolating tricresyl phosphate (TCF) from cadaveric material]. PMID- 37110 TI - [Spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of mefenamic acid]. PMID- 37111 TI - [Partition of drugs in biphasic systems. II. Relationship between forward and reverse interphase transfer constants partition coefficient and pH of the aqueous phase]. PMID- 37112 TI - Deficiency of the peroxy-Y base in oocyte phenylalanine tRNA. PMID- 37113 TI - Characterization of solubilized dopamine receptors from dog striatum. PMID- 37114 TI - Platelet aggregation and Ca2+ secretion are independent of simultaneous ATP production. PMID- 37115 TI - On the mechanism of mercurial-induced permeability of the mitochondrial membrane to K+. PMID- 37116 TI - Characterization and properties of a phosphatidylinositol phosphodiesterase (phospholipase C) from platelet cytosol. PMID- 37117 TI - Interaction of insulin with metal(II) Ions. PMID- 37118 TI - Some unrealistic assumptions in the theory of chemi-osmosis and their consequences. PMID- 37119 TI - Regulatory electron transport pathways in cyclic photophosphorylation: reduction in C-550 and cytochrome b6 by ferrodoxin in the dark. PMID- 37120 TI - Characterization of phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity associated with chloroplast envelope membranes. PMID- 37121 TI - Stimulation of tyrosine aminotransferase of fetal rat liver by cortisol, 17,21 dihydroxy-pregn-4-en-3,20-dione (11-deoxycortisol) and 11-deoxycorticosterone: synergistic interactions with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. PMID- 37122 TI - Inhibitory effects of long-chain acyl coenzyme A analogues on rat liver acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase. PMID- 37123 TI - The inhibition of sterol synthesis by anesthetics. PMID- 37124 TI - Methemoglobin blockade of coronary arterial soluble guanylate cyclase activation by nitroso compounds and its reversal with dithiothreitol. PMID- 37125 TI - Embryology of the diffuse neuroendocrine system and its relationship to the common peptides. AB - The diffuse neuroendocrine system is constituted by the cells, now more than 40 in number, of the central and peripheral divisions of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) series. At one time presumed to be derived from a common "neural" ancestor, all are now deemed to be "neuroendocrine-programmed," arising either in the embryonic epiblast itself or in one of its principal descendants. The APUD cells produce more than 35 physiologically active peptides and a small number of equally active amines. Within the last 3 years, 17 of these peptides have been identified jointly in endocrine cells and in neuronal cell bodies or processes. Sharing in this way a neural and an endocrine location and site of production, they are called the "common peptides." The diffuse neuroendocrine system is to be regarded as a third division of the nervous system, whose products suppress, amplify, or modulate the activities of the other two divisions. The relationship of its products to the cells and processes of these two divisions is currently the object of intensive inquiry. PMID- 37126 TI - [Influence of the vertebral nerve on several indices of cerebral blood flow]. AB - The dogs and rabbits, electrical stimulation of the vertebral nerve reduced the pressure in the carotid and the vertebral--basillar arterial systems leaving the general arterial pressure unaltered. Simultaneously the values of pH, PO2 PCO2, and buffer bases decreased in the blood flowing from the dog brain. The data obtained suggest that stimulation of the vertebral nerve reduces the blood flow in the vertebral artery which, in conditions of occlusion of the contralateral vertebral artery, leads to the circulatory regional hypoxia of the brain. PMID- 37127 TI - [Receptor substances of brain mitochondria sensitive to neuromediators]. AB - The action of some neurotransmitters and their derivatives on succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase of rat brain mitochondria was studied in vitro. Alpha--adrenoreceptor blocking agents phentolamine and dibenzyline abolished the inhibitory action of the native forms of catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol) on the enzymatic activity under study. Relationships among catecholamines, cyclic 3',5'--AMP, and cortisone in their influence on these enzymes were studied. The data obtained indicate the existence of alpha--type adrenoreceptors in the brain mitochondria which can be responsible for the regulatory influences of catecholamines on functional activity of mitochondria. PMID- 37128 TI - [Rat brain nuclease activity during learning with emotionally different reinforcement]. AB - Acid and alkaline activity of nucleases of the rats trained with emotional positive or negative reinforcement was estimated in the neocortex, hippocampus, midbrain, and in caudal portions of the brain-stem, using native and denaturated DNA as a substrate. The results showed the total increase in nuclease activity during learning. Nevertheless the dynamics of enzyme activation was different depending on the emotional state of rats during learning. The most active enzyme was found in the caudal portion of the brain-stem. PMID- 37129 TI - [Participation of the adreno- and cholinoreactive systems in the transmission of hypothalamic effects to cardiac activity]. PMID- 37130 TI - [Sessions of the 52nd Congress of the Japan Endocrine Society. Abstracts]. PMID- 37131 TI - Comparative studies of new marker lectins for alkali-labile and alkali-stable carbohydrate chains in glycoproteins. PMID- 37132 TI - Physical and serological comparison and hybridization of isozymes of creatine kinase from primates. PMID- 37133 TI - A versatile new sustained-action neuroleptic: pipotiazine palmitate in psychiatric practice. AB - The long-term clinical effects of pipotiazine palmitate were tested in 206 men and women who were either not responding well to their previous neuroleptic therapy or who were negligent about pursuing protracted oral drug therapy. Of the 206 patients, 130 were suffering from some form of chronic schizophrenia; the remainder presented with depression, psychoneurotic or behavioural disorders. Pipotiazine palmitate, a long-acting depot neuroleptic, was given as a monthly intramuscular injection for up to 23 months. The average starting dose was 50 mg/injection and the average final dose was 65 mg/injection. These doses were somewhat lower than those usually reported in the literature, however all but a few patients received oral neuroleptics or antidepressants concomitantly. Psychiatric testing using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale revealed that significant improvement was achieved over time in all diagnostic groups represented. Individual as well as cumulative scores improved steadily for 6 momths at which time symptomatology was minimal in most patients. Pipotiazine palmitate was well tolerated, and only seven (3.4%) of the 206 patients had to interrupt therapy because of unwanted effects. The most frequent side-effects were extrapyramidal symptoms, particularly tremor and rigidity, yet these effects led to the discontinuation of therapy in only five patients. PMID- 37134 TI - An elastase-like enzyme in the oocytes of Arbacia Punctulata. PMID- 37135 TI - Plasma corticosterone response to serotonin altering drugs in the 3-day-old rat. AB - Three-day-old rats were injected with various neurotransmitter altering agents to demonstrate a functional relationship between these drugs and plasma corticoid levels. Plasma corticosterone levels were increased after injection of methiothepin, methysergide, and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), but were not changed by cholinergic, adrenergic, and dopaminergic compounds. Imipramine alone had no effects on plasma corticoids but in combination with 5-HTP resulted in a more sustained response than 5-HTP alone. Afunctional relationship between plasma corticosterone and serotonin receptors has been demonstrated in the 3-day-old rat. The presence of this relationship just after birth suggests the possibility that serotonin may be a mediator of early experience effects on later adrenocortical function. PMID- 37136 TI - Interaction between acute gastric ulcer and epinephrine-induced mucosal erosions in the rat: the significance of gastric acid secretion. AB - Gastric mucosal erosions were produced in rats by pyloric occlusion and intraperitoneal injection of epinephrine. Gastric ulcer was induced by application of acetic acid to a limited area of the stomach. pH, total amount of acid and volume of gastric juice were determined 5 h after pyloric occlusion. The presence of an acute acetic acid ulcer partly inhibited the development of mucosal erosions induced by pyloric occlusion and epinephrine. The gastric ulcer was associated with decreased acid secretion. A positive correlation was obtained between the degree of mucosal erosions and the total amount of acid in the stomach. PMID- 37137 TI - The adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system in islets of Langerhans and its role in the control of insulin release. PMID- 37138 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release. XXXV. The links between metabolic and cationic events. AB - When isolated rat islets were exposed to glucose, the concentrations of NADH and NADPH, and the NADH/NAD+ and NADPH/NADP+ ratios were increased. The dose-response curve resembled that characterising the glucose-induced secondary rise in 45Ca efflux, displaying a sigmoidal pattern with a half-maximal value at glucose 7.5 mmol/l. The glucose-induced increase in NAD(P)H was detectable within 1 min of exposure to the sugar. Except for the fall in ATP concentration and ATP/ADP ratio found at very low glucose concentrations (zero to 1.7 mmol/l) no effect of glucose (2.8-27.8 mmol/l) upon the steady-state concentration of adenine nucleotides was observed. However, a stepwise increase in glucose concentration provoked a dramatic and transient fall in the ATP concentration, followed by a sustained increase in both O2 consumption and oxidation of exogenous + endogenous nutrients. This may be essential to meet the energy requirements in the stimulated B-cell. Although no significant effect of glucose upon intracellular pH was detected by the 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione method, the net release of H+ was markedly increased by glucose, with a hyperbolic dose-response curve (half-maximal response at glucose 2.9 mmol/l) similar to that characterising the glucose-induced initial fall in 45Ca efflux. It is proposed that the generation of both NAD(P)H and H+ participates in the coupling of glucose metabolism to distal events in the secretory sequence, especially the ionophoretic process of Ca2+ inward and outward transport, and that changes in these parameters occur in concert with an increased turn-over rate of high-energy phosphate intermediates. PMID- 37139 TI - [Tubular damage in upper urinary tract infections]. PMID- 37140 TI - European Pancreatic Club, XIth symposium, Zurich, August 24--26, 1978. PMID- 37141 TI - Electron microscopic radioautographic identification of the ECL cell as the histamine-synthesizing endocrine cell in the rat stomach. AB - Rat gastric oxyntic glands contain argyrophil "enterochromaffin-like" endocrine cells that synthesize and store histamine and also have APUD ability--they can take up exogenous L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), can decarboxylate it to 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) by the enzyme DOPA-decarboxylase, and can store the amine. Previous cytochemical studies suggested that these cells correspond to both the ECL and A-like cells, the two predominant endocrine cells identified by electron microscopy (EM) in rat oxyntic glands. In a recent study, however, we demonstrated that the ECL but not the A-like cell exhibited APUD ability when rat gastric mucosa was incubated with H3-5-HTP and studied by EM radioautography. The purpose of the present study was to identify by EM radioautography the histamine-synthesizing endocrine cells in the rat stomach. Pieces of rat (male Sprague-Dawley) gastric mucosa were incubated in organ culture with L-H3-histidine (50 muCi, 1.8 x 10(-5) M) with and without inhibitors and were processed for LM and EM radioautography. H3-histidine labeled the ECL cells heavily but the A-like and other endocrine cells only lightly. The labeling of ECL cells was only modestly reduced by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, whereas the labeling of A-like and other endocrine cells was almost abolished. In contrast, the labeling of ECL cells was markedly reduced by 4-bromo 3-hydroxybenzyloxyamine (NSD-1055), an inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase and DOPA decarboxylase, but was not appreciably affected by carbidopa, an inhibitor of only the DOPA decarboxylase. Incubations with H3-histamine (50 muCi, 0.9 x 10( 5) M) failed to label endocrine cells. Thus, this study demonstrates that the ECL but not the A-like cell is the histamine-synthesizing endocrine cell of the rat stomach. PMID- 37142 TI - Prifinium bromide in the treatment of the irritable colon syndrome. AB - Eighteen patients with irritable colon syndrome were treated with a new anticholinergic drug (prifinium bromide) and with a placebo in a 6-wk, randomized, double-blind cross-over study. The drug was orally administered in a daily dose of 90 mg before meals. Three manifestations (pain, flatulence, constipation, and/or diarrhea), scored weekly, were used as assessment criteria. Mean over-all ratings showed a difference in favor of the drug, and were statistically significant. Side effects were rare and mild. We have come to the conclusion that this anticholinergic drug may be of benefit to patients with pain predominant forms of irritable colon syndrome. PMID- 37143 TI - Evaluation of two portable wax spatulas. PMID- 37144 TI - [Papers presented at the 23d annual meeting of the Venezuelan Society of Gastroenterology, Valencia, Edo. Carabobo]. PMID- 37145 TI - Insulin secretion from the in situ perfused pancreas of the European silver eel, Anguilla anguilla L. PMID- 37146 TI - [Therapy with antacids]. AB - The usefulness of antacids in peptic ulcer disease is based on their ability to neutralize secreted gastric acid and to inhibit pepsin activity. The neutralizing capacity (expressed as mval of neutralized hydrochloric acid at a given pH) of different antacids depends upon their chemical composition. To achieve adequate neutralization of stimulated gastric acid secretion antacids have to be taken one and three hours after a meal in a dosage neutralizing 40-80 mval of acid. So far antacids have not been shown to be more effective in relieving ulcer symptoms than placebo. On the contrary an adequate antacid regimen will promote the healing of both gastric and duodenal ulcers in outpatients. Furthermore antacid prophylaxis will reduce the occurrence of acute gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill patients. PMID- 37147 TI - [Advantages and dangers of a combined therapy with psychotropic drugs and psychotherapy]. PMID- 37148 TI - Symposium: bioprosthetic cardiac valves, Munich, April 5-7, 1979. PMID- 37149 TI - [Integrated electrophysiological examination for the purpose of elucidating the effects of beta blockaders]. PMID- 37150 TI - [The 18th Rheumatological Working Days in Prague]. PMID- 37151 TI - The use of minor tranquilizers in a community mental health center. AB - A study of 306 adult psychiatric outpatients visiting a CMHC during one month revealed that 55 per cent of those patients received a psychotropic medication and 45 per cent of the medication recipients used a minor tranquilizer as all or part of their treatment regimen. The most common diagnosis for patients receiving minor tranquilizers was depressive neurosis. The tranquilizers were prescribed in relatively high doses, and 57 of the 77 patients who recieved them had taken the drugs continuously for at least six months. The study also revealed that polypharmacy was widely practiced. The authors' suggestions for improving the quality of pharmacotherapy in a CMHC include instituting peer review of prescribing and recordkeeping practices and monitoring the effectiveness of medications through the application of quantitative mood scales at regular intervals. PMID- 37152 TI - Technologists look ahead to food safety. AB - The institute of Food Technologists' meeting focused on food safety and looked at innovations taking place in equipment, processing, and energy conservation. PMID- 37153 TI - CHA studies feasibility of state conferences; relocating in St. Louis. PMID- 37154 TI - Continuous culture of normal adult mammalian hepatocytes exhibiting parenchymal functions. AB - Past in vitro studies of liver-cell functions have been performed on nonproliferating primary cells or serially propagated hepatic monolayers of neoplastic or fetal origin. We optimized conditions for the selective culture of adult rabbit and canine liver parenchymal cells and presently have four differentiated proliferating monolayer strains. At the 30th passage level these hepatic cultures still display the specific liver parenchymal functions of albumin and fibrinogen synthesis as well as tyrosine aminotransferase activity. Optimization of the conditions for hepatocyte culture was monitored by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Albumin and fibrinogen synthesis were measured by bioradioimmunoassay and tryosine transaminase activity by a modification of Diamondstone's assay. Albumin and fibrinogen synthesis were correlated with hepatocyte growth kinetics. PMID- 37155 TI - Selection of a dexamethasone-resistant H-4-IIE-C3 rat hepatoma tissue-culture line. AB - Exposure of H-4-IIE-C3 rat hepatoma cell cultures to the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, results in an inhibition of cellular proliferation which is not the result of steroid-induced cytolysis. A significant decrease in both the rate of DNA synthesis and DNA content precedes a detectable effect on cell number. Continuous culture of H-IIE-C3 cells in medium containing 10(-5) M dexamethasone results in the selection of a steroid-resistant cell population that has the growth characteristics of unselected sensitive cultures and shows normal steroid induction of tryosine transaminase. Selection is a slow process requiring 24 to 36 months to obtain a phenotypically stable resistant cell line, and can be subdivided into three phases--a sensitive phase, adaptation and resistance. A comparison of the karyotypes of unselected and resistant cultures shows that the selection process enriches for a dexamethasone-resistant subpopulation. PMID- 37156 TI - Putrescine-oxidase activity in adult bovine serum and fetal bovine serum. AB - Putrescine-oxidase activity was found in fetal bovine serum (FBS) with a pH optimum of 8.0 and in adult bovine serum (ABS) with a pH optimum of 9.8. The crude FBS enzyme had a KM for putrescine of 2.58 x 10(-6) M and a Vmax of 0.53 nmol per hr per 50 microliter serum. Aminoguanidine competitively inhibited the enzyme with a KI of 1.8 x 10(-8) M. Spermidine and spermine proved competitive inhibitors of putrescine for both the FBS and the crude ABS putrescine oxidases. The Vmax for the ABS putrescine oxidase was 2.10 nmol per hr per 50 microliter serum, and the KM for putrescine, 50.3 x 10(-6) M. The K1 of the ABS putrescine oxidase for aminoguanidine was 41 x 10(-6) M. On the basis of both the KM and KI values, the adult serum enzyme, at its optimal pH of 9.8, bound spermidine and spermine more avidly than the smaller putrescine and aminoguanidine; whereas the FBS enzyme, at pH 8.0, bound aminoguanidine and putrescine more tightly than the larger polyamines. Each of the enzymes retained over 80% of its activity after heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min. Applications of these data to the study of polyamines in tissue culture and to the purification of diamine oxidases are discussed. PMID- 37157 TI - Effect of minor tranquillisers on experimentally induced acute gastric ulceration. PMID- 37158 TI - Effect of some adrenergic beta-receptor blocking agents on experimental atrial arrhythmias. PMID- 37159 TI - Case of the month: Prune Belly syndrome (Triad syndrome). PMID- 37160 TI - [Animal experimental studies on partial kidney function after temporary tourniquet ischemia with and without blood substitute therapy]. AB - 70 rats were subjected to tourniquet ischemia of a hind limb for a period of two and three hours. 12 rats served as controls. After release of the 3 hours tourniquets 20 rats were treated either with Ringer's solution or with hydroxyethyl starch. Kidney function and morphology, systolic blood pressure, hematocrit, serum electrolytes, creatinine and urea were studied as different times of recirculation. 1. Reduction in renal function was only observed after releasing the tourniquets. 2. The extent of reduction in renal function depended on the time of ischemia and time of recirculation. 3 hours of tourniquet with two hours of recirculation led to the largest extent of reduction in renal function and renal parenchymal lesions. 3. If the infusion of HES was applied at the beginning of recirculation, reduction in renal function was prevented, as well as parenchymal lesions. Ringer's infusion, however, did not improve kidney function to a normal range. PMID- 37161 TI - Interaction of pneumococcal antigens with complement in rats. AB - Complement activation with pneumococcal antigens was studied both in vitro and after injection of the antigens into rats. Whole pneumococci of various serotypes activated C3-C9 in rat serum treated with ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid, although serotypes differed greatly in the extent of activation. Some purified pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides also activated C3-C9 in rat serum, but only when the antigens were present in concentrations of 500 to 1,000 mug/ml. Much of the activation with capsular polysaccharides was eliminated by the use of ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N' tetraacetic acid. Activation of C3-C9 by capsular polysaccharides did not correlate with the level of reactivity observed with whole organisms of the same serotypes. After injection of 5 x 10(9) pneumococci (type 3 or type 4) intravenously into rats, there was a transient decline in serum C3-C9 activity, but there was no decline in C3-C9 levels after intravenous injection of 1,000 mug of type 3 or type 4 capsular polysaccharides. As determined by immunofluorescence, circulating capsular polysaccharide was deposited in several tissues, including the vascular endothelium and glomerular mesangium of the kidney. C3 was not detectable in these deposits, and there was no histological evidence of an inflammatory response. Capsular polysaccharides appear to be only weak activators of complement. Other pneumococcal antigens may be more important in the pathogenesis of hypocomplementemia in pneumococcal infection. PMID- 37162 TI - Factors affecting release of heat-labile enterotoxin by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - Various conditions affecting the release of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli have been examined. The pH of a defined medium containing three amino acids, M-9 salts, and 0.5% glucose decreased to less than 7.0 in early log phase of growth, and no extracellular LT was detected. Adjustment of the pH at 8 h from 6.0 to 8.0 resulted in a concomitant increase in LT activity in culture supernatants. The release of cell-associated LT was significantly reduced by preincubation with protease inhibitors and increased by preincubation with trypsin. Cell-associated LT was not released by pH adjustment of cells grown at 21 degrees C; however, polymyxin B treatment released a toxin species active in only the pigeon erythrocyte lysate (PEL) assay system. As the growth temperature was increased, polymyxin B released toxin species which exhibited both PEL and Y-1 adrenal tumor cell activity. Polymyxin B extracts of enterotoxigenic E. coli in early log phase grown at 37 degrees C possessed only PEL activity, whereas extracts from cells in late-log and stationary phases had biological activity in both assay systems. Also, LT released by pH adjustment from mid-log to stationary phase was active in both PEL and Y-1 adrenal tumor cell assays. Gel electrophoresis of polymyxin B extracts revealed at least three molecular weight species active in either the PEL (22,000 daltons and 30,000 daltons) or both the PEL and the Y-1 adrenal tumor cell assay (72,000 daltons), depending on the growth temperature. These observations may help to explain the chemical and biological heterogeneity of most LT preparations and facilitate purification of LT by increasing the yield of enterotoxin. PMID- 37163 TI - Modification of antibody response to type III pneumopolysaccharide by route of injection of pertussis vaccine. AB - Pertussis vaccine (PV) or diphtheria toxoid-PV-tetanus toxoid (DPT) altered the antibody response of BALB/c female mice to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide antigen (S3). The key factor affecting the magnitude of the response to S3 was the route of injection of PV or DPT, whereas the route of injection of S3 was not crucial. Subcutaneous injections of DPT augmented the antibody response to low, optimal, and tolerogenic (high) doses of S3 injected either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally. This enhancement was persistent and was observed both when S3 and DPT were mixed and injected subcutaneously and when S3 and DPT were injected concurrently at separate subcutaneous sites. When either PV or DPT was injected intraperitoneally, the antibody response to subcutaneously or intraperitoneally injected S3 was significantly decreased. These experiments demonstrate a dichotomy of effect dependent on the route of administration of PV. Most studies in mice utilizing PV employ the intraperitoneal injection route, and it is important to consider whether PV treatment by this route may have unique effects. Our data suggest that intraperitoneal injection of PV suppresses B cells, possibly by influencing regulatory cell function. PMID- 37164 TI - Clearance of bacteria from cerebrospinal fluid to blood in experimental meningitis. AB - The occurrence and importance of secondary bacteremia in the pathogenesis of and response to therapy in meningitis is uncertain. Streptococcus pneumoniae type III was injected into the cerebrospinal fluid of the cisterna magna in anesthetized, curarized dogs, and sequential simultaneous samples were obtained from the superior sagittal sinus, cisterna magna, and peripheral blood. The results show that: (i) bacteria are rapidly transported from the cerebrospinal fluid to blood but only after active multiplication within the cerebrospinal fluid, and (ii) entrance into the blood from the cerebrospinal fluid occurs before the height of the febrile response or cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. PMID- 37165 TI - Superoxide production in pulmonary alveolar macrophages and killing of BCG by the superoxide-generating system with or without catalase. AB - The superoxide production of BCG-infected and noninfected alveolar macrophages was measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable nitro blue tetrazolium reduction. The cells were incubated with or without cell-free bronchial lavage fluid (pulmonary washings). When control alveolar macrophages were infected by BCG, superoxide production was decreased markedly, probably due to bacterial cytotoxic factors. In contrast, the production of superoxide in alveolar macrophages exposed to pulmonary washings was increased and not appreciably influenced by BCG infection. Superoxide production by alveolar macrophages was dependent on time and on the protein concentration in the pulmonary washings. In controls, it was inversely proportional to the infecting dose of BCG. We observed previously that alveolar macrophages activated by pulmonary washings inhibited intracellular growth of BCG. We now present evidence that enhanced production of superoxide contributes to such inhibition, especially in the presence of catalase at acid pH. These findings are pertinent to the defense of inflamed lungs, where serum and serum immunoglobulin G transuded from blood into alveolar spaces probably induce such activation on alveolar macrophages. PMID- 37166 TI - Purification and characterization of a Serratia marcescens metalloprotease. AB - An extracellular, nonelastolytic, neutral metalloprotease of Serratia marcescens was purified by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydroxyapatite adsorption chromatography, flat-bed isoelectric focusing, and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration. The protease preparation had a 280/260 nm absorbance ratio of 1.8, was free of detectable amounts of endotoxin, carbohydrate, phosphorus, and other known extracellular enzymes of S. marcescens, and was homogeneous by Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion and Grabar-Williams immunoelectrophoresis. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis, thin-layer electrofocusing in polyacrylamide gel, and polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis showed three to four closely migrating, Coomassie blue-staining components in the protease preparation. However, zymogram analyses of the patterns showed that protease activity was associated with each component and that the protease was, therefore, microheterogeneous. The isoelectric point and sedimentation coefficient of the protease were approximately 5.3 to 5.4 and 4.2S, respectively, and the molecular weight estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration was approximately 52,500 and 44,000, respectively. The pH optimum range, with azocasein as the substrate, was 5.5 to 7.5. The enzyme contained a high percentage of acidic amino acids, no cysteine, and 1 g-atom of Zn(2+) and 7 g-atoms of Ca(2+) per mol. Various heavy metal ions and chelating agents and heating at 60 degrees C for 15 min inactivated the enzyme. Intracorneal, intratracheal, and intradermal administration of the protease into rabbits elicited rapid and extensive tissue damage. The minimum lethal intravenous dose for mice was approximately 17 mg/kg of body weight. PMID- 37167 TI - Purification and properties of rabbit alveolar macrophage lysozyme. AB - Lysozyme was isolated from Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-elicited rabbit alveolar macrophages by acid extraction and purified to homogeneity by a single-column procedure. Yields of the purified enzyme averaged between 20 and 30 mg per rabbit, values far in excess of those obtained with previously published methods. Rabbit lysozyme has a molecular weight of 14,300 and exhibits optimal lytic activity against Micrococcus lysodeikticus at an ionic strength of 0.04, pH 6.5. Our results indicate that lysozyme and other granule components can be fractionated from elicited alveolar macrophages by using simple techniques, suggesting methods for the bulk purification of lysosomal constituents. PMID- 37168 TI - Antibacterial activity of bladder surface mucin duplicated by exogenous glycosaminoglycan (heparin). AB - We have previously shown that the transitional cells lining the urinary bladder are capable of producing glycosaminoglycan (GAG). By use of a quantitative in vivo method of measuring bacterial adherence, we demonstrated that bacterial adherence to the mucosal cells is diminished in the presence of this GAG, rises when it is removed (by acid), and returns to normal when the GAG is resynthesized (in less than 24 h). We also found that this much layer could be removed (with a corresponding rise in bacterial adherence) and that addition of exogenous GAG (heparin) to the bladder prevented the expected rise in bacterial adherence. This study analyzed in depth the manner by which heparin prevents the rise in adherence seen when the mucin is removed. Pretreatment of bacteria with heparin had no effect on adherence, whereas pretreatment of the bladder with heparin inhibited adherence. To corroborate our impression that the heparin was coating the transitional cells, [3H]heparin was added to bladders after removal of mucin. Autoradiography revealed the heparin to be adherent to the surface of the transitional cells. PMID- 37169 TI - Risk factors for cancer of the testis in young men. AB - An individual matched case-control study of testis cancer in 131 men under age 40 was conducted to investigate antecedent risk factors including events during prenatal life. Ten patients were born with an undescended testis compared to only two controls (p less equal to 0.02), a previously reported risk factor. Two new risk factors were uncovered: six patients-mothers received hormones during the index pregnancy compared to only one control-mother, and eight patient-mothers and two control-mothers reported excessive nausea as a complication of the index pregnancy. A hypothesis linking these three factors is presented: viz, that a major risk factor for testis cancer is a relative excess of certain hormones (in particular estrogen) at the time of differentiation of the testes. PMID- 37170 TI - Report on the XI International Leprosy Congress by the Secretary-General of the International Leprosy Association. PMID- 37171 TI - Address of the President-Elect of the International Leprosy Association, Dr. Michel F. Lechat. PMID- 37172 TI - XI. International Leprosy Congress. Abstracts. Mexico City, 13-18 November 1978. PMID- 37173 TI - Characterization of sperm agglutinins in sera from infertile women. AB - Sperm agglutinins detectable by a tray agglutination technique in sera from women from infertile couples were characterized. Preparative zone electrophoresis of seven head-to-head-agglutinating sera revealed two patterns. In two sera sperm agglutinins were obtained in the gamma-globulin fraction, whereas in five sera the agglutinating activity was detected in the beta-globulin fraction only. By immunoaffinity chromatography, IgM and IgG sperm antibodies were demonstrated in the former two sera and also in two tail-to-tail-agglutinating sera. The beta"sperm agglutinin was not found to share physicochemical or immunological characteristics with beta-lipoprotein in the present investigation by ultracentrifugation, by precipitation of beta-lipoprotein with heparin and MnCl2, by absorption of beta-lipoprotein with colloidal silic acid, or by affinity chromatography on an anti-beta-lipoprotein column. An apparent neutralizing effect of anti-beta-lipoprotein by simple addition of antiserum to sera containing the beta-sperm agglutinin was shown to be due to a reaction with sperm components released from the spermatozoa by which the antiserum had been absorbed before use. These sperm components were found to neutralize the activity of the beta-sperm agglutinin only, whereas no effect was observed in sera containing sperm antibodies. By Sephadex G-200 fractionation the beta-sperm agglutinin was shown to have a high molecular weight (MW greater than or equal to 600,000). Ultrafiltration and dialysis experiments gave no evidence of involvement of low molecular compounds in head-to-head agglutination. PMID- 37174 TI - Change in the classic gynecologic surgery: review of 3,300 pelviscopies in 1971 1976. AB - An endoscopic microsurgical technique has been developed on the basis of the development of a new technique for hemostasis (endocoagulation), which needs neither ligation nor high-frequency current, and a specific pelviscopic instrument setup for surgical therapeutic pelviscopy has been created. This new endoscopic technique, i.e., the microlaparotomy via pelviscopy, opens new methods for pelvic surgery, in particular for patients with infertility. Our data show that in 79% of tubal occlusions, patency can be achieved by pelviscopic surgery. In addition, lysis of intestinal adhesions, tubal sterilizations, endometriosis coagulation, ovarian cyst resection, subserous myomectomy, and total oophorectomy can be performed with this newly devised procedure. Our data show that in our series of 3,300 pelviscopies, the complication rate was 1.1%, and only 0.1% necessitated laparotomy. In 55%, pelviscopy performed after previous laparotomies added very little risk. In 61%, destructive heat was utilized for hemostasis. No intra-abdominal burns occurred in the entire series of 3,300 patients. With this new method, when used for protein-coagulation to secure hemostasis, not one burn occurred. PMID- 37175 TI - Comparison of the lytic effects of four prostaglandin analogues in the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus ursinus). AB - Six healthy, cycling female chacma baboons (Papio ursinus ursinus) were used to determine the luteolytic effects of four prostaglandin analogues. The compounds were administered according to a study design which made provision for adequate controls. Five to seven days following ovulation, venous blood was collected and the baboon given a single intramuscular injection of a compound at a recommended dose. Blood was then collected serially every 3 h for three samples and again at 24, 48, and 72 h to determine the continued effect of the prostaglandin analogues on corpus luteum production of progesterone. It was found that PGF2alpha-1,15 lactone, 11alpha(15S)-17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-ent-PGE2 methyl ester and 17 phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-PGF2alpha exhibited definite luteolytic potential in this species. Equivocal results were obtained with (15S)-15-methyl-PGF2Alpha THAM and its toxic qualities resulted in the demise of three animals. PMID- 37176 TI - Effect of caffeine and kallikrein on cryo-preserved human spermatozoa. AB - Preservation of human semen in liquid nitrogen causes a significant impairment of sperm motility. Ejaculated human spermatozoa show an increased motility in the presence of caffeine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and pancreatic kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.8), a kinin-producing proteinase. Hence, the effect of both substances on post-thaw motility, fructose consumption, and cervical mucus penetration of cryo-preserved human spermatozoa was investigated. The results indicate that both substances stimulate the motility of freshly ejaculated spermatozoa and also improve the motility pattern of cryo-preserved human spermatozoa, thus offering a possible means of improving the quality of freeze-preserved human semen. PMID- 37177 TI - Sensitivity of human spermatozoa to various isolation procedures: differences in relation to sperm counts. AB - The aim of the present work was to examine the sensitivity of human spermatozoa from oligospermic and normospermic semen samples to manipulations in the course of isolation by generally used procedures. To this end we performed protein and DNA estimations in spermatozoa isolated by procedures differing in rigorousness (washings with Ringer's buffer and a medium containing ficoll) as well as microscopic examinations of washed sediments. The results showed that the washed sediments contained, in addition to spermatozoa, materials containing protein and DNA, possibly deriving from the breakage of sperm cells. These materials increased in amount with the decrease of original sperm counts. We suggest that abnormal spermatozoa, whose percentage usually increases with the severity of oligospermia, are more sensitive to damage than the normal ones. PMID- 37178 TI - The biological activities of norgestrel and its enantiomers. AB - The dextrorotatory enantiomer of norgestrel has now been tested by oral and parenteral routes in a broad range of biological assays and its inactivity has been confirmed. The active enantiomer has been further compared with the racemate in a similarly broad range of tests, largely by the oral route. Levonorgestrel was twice as potent as the racemate in experiments in which norgestrel was effective. These data reinforce earlier findings that levonorgestrel is responsible for all the biological activity found in norgestrel. PMID- 37179 TI - Isolation of human spermatozoa membrane antigens binding sperm-immobilizing and sperm-agglutinating antibodies. AB - Peptides of human spermatozoa were dissolved with Hyamine 2389 and Triton X-100 and separated by chromatography on Biogel P4 columns into seven fractions. The antigenic activities of the separated sperm-membrane fractions were tested according to their capacity to inhibit sperm agglutination and sperm immobilization (immune inhibition test) in human sera of sterile patients. Sperm agglutinating and sperm-immobilizing activity was tested by the microtray agglutination and microtray immobilization test. A titer reduction was achieved only in sperm-immobilizing sera. Four sperm antigenic fractions revealed in the majority of the repeatedly tested sperm-immobilizing sera an inhibition of the antigen-antibody reaction. No reaction was observed after exhaustive absorption of the tested seven antigen fractions with sperm-agglutinating sera. Therefore the conclusion can be drawn that sperm-agglutinating and sperm-immobilizing antibodies react with different sperm antigens. Normal human sera without sperm antibodies served as control. As no sperm agglutination or sperm immobilization was obtained after absorption of these control sera our antigen fractions do not produce sperm agglutination or sperm immobilization. PMID- 37180 TI - A new technique for intrauterine insemination. AB - The 5-cm long endpiece of a soft Nelaton's catheter, ch 6-8, splinted with a rigid polyethylene cannula, proved to be a suitable instrument for intrauterine homologous inseminations. Sixty couples were treated; indications for intrauterine insemination were subfertile semen, poor postcoital test, antisperm antibodies in male or female, and unexplained infertility of more than 5 years. Seventeen pregnancies occurred, that is 28%. The best results were obtained in the group with unexplained infertility and in the group with poor postcoital tests, combined with a good result of the in vitro sperm penetration tests. Complications of the inseminations were rare. The method did not elicit sperm agglutinins in the female; however, if sperm agglutinins were already present in the female, the titre level increased after the intrauterine inseminations. PMID- 37181 TI - Prolactin levels and bromocriptine treatment of short luteal phase. AB - Moderate hyperprolactinemia was found in 14 of 30 infertile patients with short luteal phase indicating a possible hypothalamic disorder in these patients. While the cycle length was normal, 28 days, late ovulation around day 18 of the cycle was characteristic of these patients. During bromocriptine treatment, 2.5 mg twice daily, ovulation took place earlier and luteal phase became longer irrespective of the basal serum prolactin level. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of luteal phase was 9.9 +/- 0.2 days in control cycles, and 11.7 +/- 0.5 and 12.2 +/ 0.3 days in two successive bromocriptine cycles (P less than 0.001). In patients taking bromocriptine, luteal phase became longer than 11 days in 37 of 60 treatment cycles, but no significant difference was recorded in the circulating progesterone and LH levels during mid- and late luteal phase. Three patients became pregnant and they all had normal baseline serum prolactin concentrations. Our results show that bromocriptine may be effective even when no apparent indication for prolactin suppression can be demonstrated. PMID- 37182 TI - Chemical inducers of ovulation: comparative results. AB - Chemical inducers of ovulation are frequently used to reestablish a normal hypothalamic-ovarian function in the sterile woman. At present, several types are available and it is useful to evaluate comparatively their efficacy. In this paper we present our results in 396 cases treated with some of these drugs. Clomiphene citrate was administered to 307 patient. Ovulation was obtained in 85.99% and pregnancy in 35.50%. There were 16 abortions (14.68%) among the 109 pregnancies obtained. Cisclomiphene was used in 11 cases. The ovulation rate was 81.81%, with 54.5% of pregnancies. Thirty-eight patients were treated with Cyclophenil. Ovulation was obtained in 71.05% of the cases and pregnancy in 23.68%. In forty cases Tamoxifen was administered: the ovulation rate was 95% and the pregnancy rate was 35%, but the abortion rate was 35%. Tolerance was good with all medications. They had similar adverse side effects (mild and rare). None produced overstimulation. With Cyclophenil and specially with Tamoxifen the cycles were longer. The incidence of abortion in the 131 pregnancies obtained was 14.68% with Clomiphene; none with Cisclomiphene; 11.11% with Cyclophenil, and 35.10% with Tamoxifen. We conclude that Clomiphene is the drug which gives the best results at present. PMID- 37183 TI - Is conception in infertile couples treatment-related? A survey of 309 pregnancies. AB - 309 couples with infertility of 1 to 11 years duration in whom pregnancies occurred during examination or treatment were evaluated. The couples were classified into diagnostic groups according to the main cause of their infertility; anovulatory, mechanical, male, cervical, unexplained, combined. Pregnancies were divided into treatment-related and nontreatment-related. Analysis of results revealed that whereas in infertile patients with a defined cause of infertility, the treatment-related pregnancy rate was 73.1%, in the unexplained infertility group the incidence of treatment-related pregnancies was only 6.6%. We concluded that a meticulous fertility survey should be carried out in each infertile couple in order to detect a specific cause impeding fertility, but if such a cause cannot be found, reassuring of patients and decreasing their anxiety is more effective in inducing pregnancy than nonspecific therapy. PMID- 37184 TI - Infrequent structural chromosome aberrations in women with primary amenorrhea. AB - Since the problem of primary amenorrhoea (PA) is very real the authors reviewed a series of 58 women from their own laboratory, citing all known causes of PA and emphasizing that the most interesting cases are those with normal karyotype. Reinvestigation of patients with normal karyotype using the banding methods (G and R) revealed new types of structural aberrations of X chromosome. The importance of structural disturbances and rearrangements of particular segments of X chromosome in the etiology of PA has been discussed. PMID- 37185 TI - Effect of synthetic LH-RH and hCG administration on plasma testosterone, androstenedione, and estradiol 17beta levels in normal men and in patients with idiopathic oligospermia. AB - Plasma testosterone, androstenedione, and estradiol 17beta levels were measured in 20 normal men and in 20 patients with idiopathic oligospermia before and after iv hCG (5,000 IU) and synthetic LH-RH (50 microgram) administration. No statistically significant differences in the concentrations of the steroids examined were detected between patients and controls either under control conditions or under exogenous and endogenous gonadotropin stimulation. PMID- 37186 TI - Maldescended testis: consequences and attempted therapy in pigs. PMID- 37187 TI - The effect of pH on the in vitro and in vivo behaviour of complex-free 68Ga and 113Inm. PMID- 37188 TI - Microchemistry of microdissected hypothalamic nuclear areas. PMID- 37189 TI - Cytoplasmic structure and contractility in amoeboid cells. PMID- 37190 TI - Effect of acebutolol on dynamic ischemic ECG changes: a study using ambulatory twenty-four-hour ECG monitoring. AB - The clinical effect of the beta-adrenergic blocking drug acebutolol hydrochloride (SECTRAL) was studied in 18 patients with angina pectoris. Ambulatory 24-h ECG monitoring proved to be a useful method for assessing the efficacy of this drug in individual patients in their own daily stresses and environment. Patients were studied in the control state, after two weeks' treatment with placebo, and after two weeks' constant oral dose of the drug. It was found that acebutolol produced a significant decrease in ischemic ST segment depression in patients in whom good beta-blockade was achieved. The drug was less effective in patients in whom the heart rate response to exercise was not suppressed and in those with critical coronary artery obstructions. PMID- 37191 TI - Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 37192 TI - Joint meeting of the Israel Neurological Association and the Israel Physiological and Pharmacological Society. 17 to 18 May 1978. Jerusalem. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 37193 TI - Oxygen binding of fetal and adult bovine hemoglobin in the presence of organic phosphates and uric acid riboside. AB - The P50 values of "stripped" fetal and adult bovine hemoglobin were 18.4 and 28.9 respectively. Neither the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve nor the Hill coefficient, n, of fetal or adult bovine hemoglobin was affected by uric acid riboside (UAR), 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), or inositol pentaphosphate (IPP). Combinations of UAR and ATP with adult bovine hemoglobin or 2,3-DPG and ATP with fetal hemoglobin also had no effect. It was concluded that neither adult nor fetal bovine red cells contained an identifiable compound which affects the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin. PMID- 37194 TI - The activation of pepsinogen inside the gastric mucosa caused by the hydrogen ion back diffusion during the course of aspirin ulceration. PMID- 37195 TI - A cytochemical study of the localization of acid phosphatase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae at different growth phases. AB - The localization of acid phosphatase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae at different growth phases had been studied. It was shown to be crucial for authentic location of acid phosphatase that the cytochemical reaction be performed on whole cells. Dimethylsulphoxide was used to alleviate the effects of fixation of the yeast cells with glutaraldehyde; the sulphoxide did not affect the distribution of acid phosphatase in the cells. It has been established that in exponentially-growing cells acid phosphatase is localized mostly in small vacuolar compartments. In mature cells, the bulk of acid phosphatase is found in the central vacuole, although a significant amount of the enzyme is detectable in the plasma membrane and the adjacent vesicles. PMID- 37196 TI - Evaluation of histochemical observations of activity of acid hydrolases obtained with semipermeable membrane techniques. 3. The substrate specificity of isoenzymes of acid phosphatase in m.gastrocnemius of rabbits. AB - Three distinct isoenzymes of acid phosphatase have been separated from extracts of m.gastrocnemius of normal and of vitamin E deficient rabbits by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These isoenzymes, termed I, II and III, have molecular weights of: 110,000--130,000, 60,000--78,000 and 12,500--14,500. Isoenzymes I and II split the substrates 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate and naphthol AS-BI phosphate and the activity is strongly increased in the muscles of vitamin E deficient rabbits. Isoenzyme III splits only 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate and the activity is not increased in the muscles of vitamin E deficient rabbits. The pH-optimum for isoenzymes I and II is 4.8 and for isoenzyme III 5.5. It has been shown that the histochemical semipermeable membrane technique, using substrate naphthol AS-BI phosphate, is a very reliable technique for demonstrating activity of the isoenzymes I and II in tissue sections. On the other hand, activity of isoenzyme III cannot be demonstrated with this histochemical technique. In pathologically altered muscles, the activity of the isoenzymes I and II is greatly increased whilst the activity of isoenzyme III is not significantly altered. PMID- 37197 TI - The increase in activity of acid hydrolases in muscles of rats after subcutaneous administration of dimethyl-para-phenylene diamine. A combined histochemical and biochemical investigation. II. The biochemical investigation and comparison with the histochemical observations. PMID- 37198 TI - [Therapy of middle-ear cholesteatoma. Main topic at the 50th Annual Assembly of the German Society for ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, May 27-31, 1979 in Berlin]. PMID- 37199 TI - [The 47th Annual Session of the United West-German ENT Physicians, September 29- 30, 1978 at Munster. Topic: Traumatology in the ENT field]. PMID- 37200 TI - The radiation Oncology Research Program: recommended research proposals. PMID- 37201 TI - Ekg of the month: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. PMID- 37202 TI - Cellulitis of the face caused by Hemophilus influenzae during childhood. PMID- 37203 TI - Illinois' non-urban primary care physicians. PMID- 37204 TI - AAP immunization schedules. PMID- 37205 TI - Postoperative acute cholecystitis. PMID- 37206 TI - Urticaria and angioedema. PMID- 37207 TI - The level of the herd. PMID- 37208 TI - ISMS testimony before the Illinois Commission to revise and rewrite the Public Aid Code. PMID- 37209 TI - Adaptations in skeletal muscle following strength training. AB - Five men were studied before and after 7 wk of isokinetic strength training to determine its effects on muscle enzyme activities and fiber composition. One of the subject's legs was trained using 10 repeated 6-s maximal work bouts, while the other leg performed repeated 30-s maximal knee extension exercise. The total work accomplished by each leg was constant. Training 4 times/wk achieved similar gains in peak torque for both legs at the training velocity (3.14 rad/s) and at slower speeds. Fatigability of the knee extensor muscles, as measured by a 60-s exercise test, was similar in both legs after training. Biopsy specimens showed significant changes in the % of the muscle area composed of type I and IIa fibers as a result of both strength training programs. In terms of muscle enzymes, only the 30 s exercise program resulted in elevated glycolytic, ATP-CP and mitochondrial activities. Despite these changes, none of the parameters measured were found to be related to the gains in either muscle strength or fatigability during maximal isokinetic contractions. PMID- 37210 TI - Arterial blood gases in normal hamsters at rest and during exercise. PMID- 37211 TI - Education of the nurse to promote interpersonal attraction. PMID- 37212 TI - Research components in baccalaureate programs of nursing. PMID- 37213 TI - Motives of beginning students for choosing nursing school. PMID- 37214 TI - Client assessment. PMID- 37215 TI - A framework for nursing: a concept for practice. PMID- 37216 TI - A simulated patient encounter for the family nurse practitioner. PMID- 37217 TI - An experiment in nursing education via satellite. PMID- 37218 TI - The improvement of licensure results of minority B.S.N. students. PMID- 37219 TI - Sex differences in attitudes toward nursing education. PMID- 37220 TI - Perceived learning needs & resources of undergraduate & diploma program directors. PMID- 37221 TI - Teaching affective behaviors. PMID- 37222 TI - Baccalaureate nursing education for the R.N.: why is it so scarce? PMID- 37223 TI - Specialist in an integrated curriculum: an odyssey. PMID- 37224 TI - CSULB nursing: educationally disadvantaged students can succeed. PMID- 37225 TI - Involving undergraduates in nursing research. PMID- 37226 TI - A new broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic complex, sporaricin. I. Fermentation, isolation and characterization. AB - Two new aminoglycoside antibiotics, sporaricins A (C17H35N5O5) and B (C15H32N4O4) produced by a rare actinomycetales, Saccharopolyspora hirsuta subsp. kobensis have been isolated by column chromatography on a cation-exchange resin. Sporaricin A is highly active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including aminoglycoside-resistant strains. PMID- 37227 TI - Purification and partial characterization of an antibiotic produced by Myxococcus coralloides. AB - A strain of Myxococcus coralloides producing an antibiotic capable of inhibiting growth of Gram-positive bacteria was isolated. Antibiotic production occurred during vegetative growth but not during myxospore formation. The antibiotic was extracted from the growth medium with chloroform and purified by adsorption on silicic acid and by preparative silica gel thin-layer chromatography. The purified antibiotic showed a resistance to heat, acid, alkali and proteolytic enzymes. Chromatographic and electrophoretic behavior as well as infrared, ultraviolet and mass spectra are presented. PMID- 37228 TI - A cultural method for the detection of pullulan--degrading enzymes in bacteria and its application to the genus Bacillus. PMID- 37229 TI - Effect of beta adrenergic blockade on gastric secretion. PMID- 37230 TI - Light-induced, carrier-mediated transport of tetracycline by Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - Tetracycline accumulation by the phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides has been studied, using the fluorescence properties of the antibiotic and measuring uptake of [7- 3H]tetracycline. Accumulation was carrier mediated, with a Km of approximately 300 micronM. Efflux also appeared to be carried mediated, with a Km of 25 mM. Chlorotetracycline competitively inhibited tetracycline transport. The transport was energy dependent. Efflux occurred during the influx process, and an energy-requiring steady state was reached when influx balanced efflux. Transport was inhibited by metabolic inhibitors such as antimycin A, cyanide, and iodoacetate. Proton conductors such as carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone were strongly inhibitory. Efflux was not energy dependent. Efflux is partially blocked by mercuric ions and completely blocked by an external pH of 9 to 11. Although efflux rates increased continuously with lowering of the pH, influx rates have a sharp maximum at pH 7. PMID- 37231 TI - Phosphate-limited continuous culture of Rhodotorula rubra: kinetics of transport, leakage, and growth. AB - The phosphate-limited growth kinetics of Rhodotorula rubra, a small yeast of marine origin, were examined by analysis of 32P distributions in continuous cultures. Isotope relaxation procedures were used to identify unidirectional flows of Pi and organic phosphate among compartments modeled during growth. The concentrations of phosphates in these compartments at various growth rates were used, together with attendant flows, to produce a mathematical model of growth. Both Pi and phosphate-containing metabolic intermediates leaked from cells during growth. Total leakage ranged from 4 to 10% of influx and was comprised mostly of Pi. Transport capacity was at least 10 times that required for growth at saturating Pi concentrations, so that influx was linear with concentration during growth. This led to the realization that the curvature of Monod plots (Kmu = 12 nM mumax = 0.18/h, and the threshold At = 2.5 nM) is due to change in yield with growth rate. Growth rate related to Pi by the affinity, aA (= 0.43 liter/mg of cells.h) of cells for Pi and the growth rate-dependent yield. It was also specified by a series of kinetic constants that specified flow among the various compartments and equilibrium compartment concentrations as they were set by extracellular Pi. The importance of leakage by healthy cells to the organic chemistry of aquatic systems is noted. PMID- 37232 TI - Enhanced transformability with heterospecific deoxyribonucleic acid upon removal of nascent ribonucleic acid from the Streptococcus sanguis genome. AB - Treatment of Streptococcus sanguis recipient cells with rifampin (RIF) at the time of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) addition was an effective means of reducing discrimination, that is, of causing an increase in the number of transformants induced by irreversibly bound heterospecific DNA without significantly changing the number induced by bound homospecific DNA. RIF was unable to reduce discrimination when the recipient cells were RIF resistant due to an altered ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase. When recipient cells were treated at the time of DNA addition with concentrations of streptolydigin (STG) as inhibitory of RNA synthesis as RIF, discrimination was not reduced. The kinetics of RNA synthesis inhibition with these inhibitors indicated that, as reported for other bacterial species, RIF inhibited the initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase, whereas STG inhibited the progression of RNA polymerase at any point. Pulse-labeling of RNA immediately before STG addition showed that, if cells were incubated under STG inhibition for 10 to 15 min, their nascent RNA was degraded. Genome-bound RNA polymerase was not released under these conditions. When recipient cells were incubated with STG until nascent RNA was degraded and then exposed to transforming DNA, STG was as effective as RIF in reducing discrimination. The presence of nascent RNA was thereby implicated in the transforming inefficiency of incompletely homologous DNA. PMID- 37233 TI - Structure of common pili from Escherichia coli. AB - Several important properties of the common pili from Escherichia coli are discussed. These pili were resistant to the gentle Folin-Ciocalteau reagent methods for protein detection and were not readily solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulfate. They were found to contain a reducing sugar but not peptidoglycan. The pilin had multiple conformations in sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, and the appearance of multiple bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels did not necessarily indicate heterogeneity of the preparation. The ilus subunit was found to be a different protein than outer membrane III, which has the same apparent molecular weight. In addition, we conformed the results of Brinton (Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci 27:1003-1054, 1965): that there is a dramatic change in the properties of pili after they are heated at pH values below 2. PMID- 37234 TI - Reduction of methionine sulfoxide to methionine by Escherichia coli. AB - L-Methionine-dl-sulfoxide can support the growth of an Escherichia coli methionine auxotroph, suggesting the presence of an enzyme(s) capable of reducing the sulfoxide to methionine. This was verified by showing that a cell-free extract of E. coli catalyzes the conversion of methionine sulfoxide to methionine. This reaction required reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and a generating system for this compound. The specific activity of the enzyme increased during logarithmic growth and was maximal when the culture attained a density of about 10(9) cells per ml. PMID- 37235 TI - Growth of Nocardia rhodochrous on acetylene gas. AB - Soil sediment enrichment cultures yielded a coryneform bacterium capable of growing in a mineral salts solution with acetylene gas as its only source of carbon and energy. Based on morphological and physiological traits as well as on cell wall analysis, the bacterium was characterized as a strain of Nocardia rhodochrous. Maximal growth rates (generation time 2.7 to 3.0 h) on acetylene were obtained at 5 to 20% acetylene, 25 to 40% oxygen, pH 7.0 and 26 to 28 degrees C. Yields (grams of dry cells produced per gram of acetylene consumed) ranged between 90 and 110%. N. rhodochrous exhibits a growth factor requirement for the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine. Acetylene utilization is not an obligate trait, and a wide range of alternate carbon sources is utilized. Ethylene is neither produced nor consumed. The only previous report on acetylene utilization appeared in 1932. The Mycobacterium lacticola strain described in that report strongly resembles N. rhodochrous. PMID- 37236 TI - Solubilization and properties of a particulate hydrogenase from Methanobacterium strain G2R. AB - Mechanical disruption of cells of Methanobacterium strain G2R resulted in a 78 fold increase in the specific activity of the hydrogenase as measured by the benzyl viologen reduction assay. Approximately 50% of the activity in disrupted cells was associated with the particulate fraction. Between 69 and 85% of the particulate hydrogenase was released by treatment with the detergents Triton X 100, deoxycholate, and octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside. The relative electrophoretic mobilities of the soluble hydrogenases were identical, indicating that G2R possessed a single electrophoretically distinct hydrogenase. The particulate enzyme was inactivated by oxygen and could be reactivated with dithionite or glucose plus glucose oxidase. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 8.5 and resisted heating at 52 but not 77 degrees C. A number of nonspecific dyes, flavin adenine dinucleotide, and riboflavin 5'-phosphate were effective electron acceptors; oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, and factor 420 were apparently not reduced. Hydrogenase activity was inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, cyanide, chloroform, and chloramphenicol. The molecular weight of the solubilized enzyme was 900,000, with subunits of molecular weights 38,500, 50,700, and approximately 80,000. It is suggested that, in intact cells of G2R, the large hydrogenase complex is loosely bound to the cell wall or membrane. PMID- 37237 TI - Effect of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate on nitrogen fixation in Rhizobium japonicum. AB - The addition of exogenous cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) at a concentration of 0.1 mM to a free-living culture of Rhizobium japonicum 3I1b110 was found to completely inhibit the expression of nitrogenase activity and markedly inhibit the expression of hydrogenase and nitrate reductase activities. The effect was specific for cGMP. Experiments on the in vivo incorporation of radioactive methionine and subsequent analysis of the labeled proteins on polyacrylamide gels showed that the biosynthesis of nitrogenase polypeptides was inhibited. It appears that the time of addition of cGMP is important since the effect was only seen during the early stages of nif gene expression. The intracellular level of cGMP was found to respond to physiological changes in the cell, and there was a fall in cGMP concentrations when nitrogenase was induced. Microaerophilic-aerobic shift experiments showed that intracellular levels increased from 0.25 pmol/mg of cell protein under microaerophilic conditions to 2.6 pmol/mg of cell protein under aerobic conditions, suggesting that the cellular pool size of cGMP may be under redox control. PMID- 37238 TI - Organization and transfer of heterologous chloramphenicol and tetracycline resistance genes in pneumococcus. AB - The cat and tet genes of chloramphenicol- and tetracycline-resistant clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Paris and Japan were shown to be contained in adjacent heterologous insertions into the chromosome. The two insertions transformed laboratory strains at frequencies that were low, unequal, and, for tet, very sensitive to the length of the donor deoxyribonucleic acid strand. In contrast, the transforming activity of cat was relatively stable. There was an unusual asymmetric cotransfer, in that a majority of the tet transformants also acquired cat, whereas only a few of the cat transformants also acquired tet. The evidence for chromosomal insertion came from genetic data showing linkage of cat to a chromosomal gene and from cosedimentation of cat with chromosomal markers in both velocity and dye-buoyancy experiments. Genes on a known plasmid introduced into pneumococcus from Streptococcus faecalis showed very different physical behavior. Most of the transformation properties of these genes can be readily accounted for by analogy to transformation of deletions of normal genes. Whether transposition contributes any of the transfers remains to be determined. The presence of one of the genes in the recipient promoted the integration of the other, demonstrating enhanced accumulation of heterologous genes by a process that did not involve plasmids in the species of concern. PMID- 37239 TI - Immunochemical characterization of glutamine synthetase from Neurospora crassa glutamine auxotrophs. AB - Glutamine synthetase derived from two Neurospora crassa glutamine auxotrophs was characterized. Previous genetic studies indicated that the mutations responsible for the glutamine auxotrophy are allelic and map in chromosome V. When measured in crude extracts, both mutant strains had lower glutamine synthetase specific activity than that found in the wild-type strain. The enzyme from both auxotrophs and the wild-type strain was partially purified from cultures grown on glutamine as the sole nitrogen source, and immunochemical studies were performed in crude extracts and purified fractions. Quantitative rocket immunoelectrophoresis indicated that the activity per enzyme molecule is lower in the mutants than in the wild-type strain; immunoelectrophoresis and immunochemical titration of enzyme activity demonstrated structural differences between the enzymes from both auxotrophs. On the other hand, the monomer of glutamine synthetase of both mutants was found to be of a molecular weight similar to that of the wild-type strain. These data indicate that the mutations are located in the structural gene of N. crassa glutamine synthetase. PMID- 37240 TI - Role of lithium ions in proline transport in Escherichia coli. AB - Mechanisms of Li+ stimulation of proline transport were studied in cells of Escherichia coli 7 and NR70, a mutant of strain 7 lacking adenosine triphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.3). An electrochemical potential difference of Li+ induced in an inward direction of energy-depleted cells caused a transient uptake of proline depending on the driving force provided. When proline was added to unbuffered cell suspensions under anaerobic conditions, the medium was found to be acidified only in the presence of Li+ but not in the presence of Na+ or K+. This acidification was abolished by the addition of a permeant anion, SCN-, to the medium containing Li+, but this was not demonstrated with cells of a mutant strain deficient in a carrier protein specific for proline. These results support the assumption that proline is taken up by a mechanism of Li+-proline cotransport in E. coli. PMID- 37241 TI - Thermosensitive, extracellular neutral proteases in Bacillus subtilis: isolation, characterization, and genetics. AB - Two mutants (NT02 and NT17), each producing a thermosensitive neutral protease, were isolated from Bacillus subtilis NP58, a transformant which acquired the property of hyperproduction of neutral protease from Bacillus natto IAM 1212. The neutral proteases produced by these two mutants were partially purified and enzymologically characterized. The two mutant neutral proteases displayed increased thermosensitivity as well as altered pH optima compared with those of the NP58 enzyme. In addition, the hydrolytic activity of the thermosensitive neutral proteases on synthetic peptide substrates was found to be extremely different. These results strongly suggest that the site of mutation in each of the temperature-sensitive strains is located within the structural gene for neutral protease (nprE). Previous studies indicated the existence of a specific regulator gene (nprR) in addition to the structural gene for neutral protease. Phage PBS1-mediated transduction and deoxyribonucleic acid-mediated transformation studies with the parental and mutant strains suggest that the chromosomal order of these genes is recA-pyrA-nprR-nprE-fruB-metC. Moreover, the results of these genetic analyses imply that the mutations to thermosensitivity are located proximate to each other within the nprE gene. PMID- 37242 TI - Regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase by proteolysis during carbon starvation. AB - Inactivation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae during carbon starvation occurs with a simultaneous loss of enzyme protein and enzyme activity. PMID- 37243 TI - Nitrogen metabolite repression of nitrate reductase in Neurospora crassa: effect of the gln-1a locus. AB - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form)-nitrate reductase was freed from ammonium repression in a Neurospora crassa mutant having drastically lowered glutamine synthetase activity, gln-1a. The general phenomenon of nitrogen metabolite repression required glutamine or some aspect of glutamine metabolism. PMID- 37244 TI - Effect of NADP+ and its analogs on the Rose Bengal-sensitized photoinactivation of D-erythrulose reductase from beef liver. AB - Upon addition of NADP+, the rose bengal-sensitized photoinactivation of D erythrulose reductase from beef liver is prevented to a remarkable extent. Adenosine 2',5'-diphosphate (2',5'-ADP) also has a protective effect, but to a lesser extent. On the other hand, 2'-AMP markedly enhances the photoinactivation. Other nucleotides which have no 2'-phosphoryl group, such as NAD+, 3'-AMP, 5' AMP, ADP, and NMN, are ineffective. Further, only 2'-AMP derivatives (NADP+, 2',5'-ADP, and 2'-AMP) among these nucleotides were found to be potent competitive inhibitors of the enzyme with small Ki's (6--13 muM). Photooxidation of some methionine residues in the enzyme is prevented by the addition of NADP+ and accelerated in the presence of 2'-AMP. Photooxidation products(s) of 2'-AMP derivatives have no effect upon the enzymatic activity. Although NADP+ and 2'-AMP induce detectable conformational changes of the enzyme, the changes are not characteristic to the compounds. Based on these observations, we present a possible action mechanism of 2'-AMP derivatives on the photoinactivation of D erythrulose reductase. PMID- 37245 TI - Role of the large and small subunits of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in the activation by CO2 and Mg2+. PMID- 37246 TI - A study of flavin-protein and flavoprotein-ligand interactions. Binding aspects and spectral properties of D-amino acid oxidase and riboflavin binding protein. AB - To study flavin-protein and flavoprotein-ligand interaction, the absorption, CD and MCD spectra of riboflavin, FAD, roseoflavin, the complexes of riboflavin and roseoflavin with riboflavin binding protein(RBP),D-amino acid oxidase(D-AO) and its complexes with ligands were observed in the spectral region of 310-600 nm and the binding properties of D-AO with di-substituted benzoate derivatives and of RBP with roseoflavin were also measured. The dimer of D-amino acid oxidase has a higher affinity for di-substituted benzoate derivatives than the monomer. The change in the absorption of FAD in D-AO caused by the binding of the first ligand to the dimer, which can bind two ligands, was similar to that caused by the binding of the second ligand. Roseoflavin could bind to RBP in a 1 : 1 ratio and the dissociation constant was 3.8 x 10(-8)M. The protein fluorescence of RBP was quenched by about 86% due to complex formation with roseoflavin. The MCD spectra showed similar patterns for all molecular complexes of riboflavin and FAD, with two negative extrema of ellipticity which probably correspond to the Faraday B term, but the Faraday A-term could not be observed, suggesting that there was no degeneracy in the excited state of flavins. It is also suggested, based on a comparison of the absorption, CD and MCD spectra, that the vibronic structure of flavin was modified differently by each flavin-protein or flavoprotein-ligand interaction. Comparison of the absorption, CD and MCD spectra(310-600 nm) for roseoflavin and the roseoflavin-RBP complex revealed that there were five spectral components around 320, 340, 400, 500, and 550 nm in roseoflavin. PMID- 37247 TI - Calcium/proton and sodium/proton antiport systems in Escherichia coli. PMID- 37248 TI - Occurrence of thermolabile and regulatory NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase in Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogeanse [EC 1.4.1.2] was detected together with NADP linked glutamate dehydrogenase [EC 1.4.1.4] and aspartase [EC 4.3.1.1] in Pseudomonas fluorescens cells. The three enzymes were distinctly separated by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. The NAD-linked enzyme was extremely thermolabile and was rapidly inactivated even at temperatures as low as 35--40 degrees C. The combined addition of NAD+ and glutamate, however, effectively stabilized the enzyme. The glutamate saturation profile of the NAD-linked enzyme exhibited cooperativity with a Hill coefficient (n) of 1.4. ATP inhibited the enzyme in an allosteric manner, increasing the n value to 2.2. These results suggest a novel type of metabolic regulation shared by the three enzymes in the biosynthesis and catabolism of amino acids. PMID- 37249 TI - NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) reductase. Spectrophotometric and stopped flow kinetic studies on the formation of reduced flavoprotein intermediates. PMID- 37250 TI - The effects of phosphatidylinositol on tyrosine hydroxylase. Stimulation and inactivation. PMID- 37251 TI - Transmembrane electrical and pH gradients across human erythrocytes and human peripheral lymphocytes. AB - Transmembrane electrical and pH gradients have been measured across human erythrocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes using equilibrium distributions of radioactively labelled lipophilic ions, and of weak acids and weak bases, respectively. The distributions of methylamine, trimethylamine, acetic acid and trimethylacetic acid give calculated transmembrane pH gradients (pHe-pHi) for erythrocytes of between 0.14-0.21 for extracellular pH values of 7.28-7.16. The distributions of trimethylacetic acid. DMO and trimethylamine were determined for lymphocytes, establishing upper and lower limits of the calculated pH gradient over the external pH range of 6.7 to 7.7. Tritiated triphenylmethyl phosphonium ion (TPMP) and 14C-thiocyanate ion (SCN) equilibrium distributions were measured in order to calculate transmembrane electrical potentials, using tetraphenylboron as a catalyst to facilitate TPMP equilibrium. Transmembrane potentials of -7 to 10 mV were calculated from SCN and TPMP, respectively for red cells, and -35 to 52 mV respectively, in the case of lymphocytes. Distributions of TPMP and potassium ions were determined in the presence of valinomycin over a wide range of extracellular potassium concentrations for red cells and the calculated Nernst potentials for TPMP compared to the calculated potential using the Goldman equation for chloride and potassium ions. Distributions of TPMP, SCN and potassium ions were also determined for lymphocyte suspensions as a function of extracellular potassium and the calculated Nernst potentials for TPMP and SCN compared to the calculated potassium diffusion potential. PMID- 37252 TI - Pyridine nucleotide synthesis in 3T3 cells. PMID- 37253 TI - Functional characterization of an adhesive component from the embryonic chick neural retina. AB - We have developed a quantitative assay for tissue-specific adhesive components which is based on the agglutination of glutaraldehyde-fixed cells. At least 2 components are required for fixed-cell agglutination: a cell-surface ligand which is obtained from tissue culture-conditioned medium, and a soluble 'agglutinin' which accumulates in conditioned medium from monolayer cultures. Our results suggest that the surface-binding ligand and the agglutinin interact directly, resulting in tissue-specific agglutination of cells. The agglutination reaction exhibits divalent cation, temperature, and pH dependence. Several models of cell adhesion are described; the simplest of these which can account for the data is a multicomponent model in which the 2 adhesive components have structural roles. PMID- 37254 TI - Gap and septate junctions in the excitable endoderm of Polyorchis penicillatus (Hydrozoa, Anthomedusae). AB - The morphological basis of impulse conduction in a jellyfish epithelium was investigated. Lanthanum impregnation of endodermal canal and endodermal lamella verified the existence of true gap junctions in Polyorchis. In both transverse and en face sections of gap junctions, electron-lucent globules, with a width of 7--8 nm and a spacing of about 11 nm, are evident. Gap-junctions are concentrated at the peripheral canal margin and septate junctions are localized around the canal lumen. Epithelial cells of the endodermal canals are capable of conducting a non-decrementing action potential. It is suggested that endodermal spike propagation, which can mediate 'crumpling' behaviour, is dependent upon low resistence ionic pathways provided by gap-junctions and upon sealing of the intercellular space from saline extracellular fluids by septate junctions. PMID- 37255 TI - The alpha-adrenoceptor control of adrenocorticotropin secretion in man. AB - Oral administration to six normal male volunteers of an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine (4 mg daily for 4 days) had no significant effect on ACTH release induced by metyrapone (a single oral 1-g dose). The same treatment with guanifacine significantly reduced ACTH secretion stimulated by insulin-induced hypoglycemia in another group of six male volunteers. These results indicate that, in man, the adrenergic system has an inhibitory input on stress-induced ACTY secretion via alpha-adrenoceptors. The concept of alpha-adrenergic control of ACTH secretion in man is in agreement with some experimental in vivo and in vitro data recorded in animals. PMID- 37256 TI - Role of renal prostaglandins in sympathetically mediated renin relase in the rat. AB - Renal prostaglandins (PG) appear to mediate renin release due to stimulation of the intrarenal baroreceptor, but not that due to activation of the macula densa. However, as the role of PG in sympathetically mediated renin release remains unclear, a possible interrelationship between these factors was examined in conscious rats. Hydralazine increased the serum renin levels from 3.1+/-0.8 to 16.7+/-3.0 ng/ml per h at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg) suppressed urinary PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) excretion by 89 and 74%, respectively, arachidonate hypotension by 82%, and inhibited the elevated renin levels from hydralazine by 100% without altering the hypotensive effect of the drug. Another PG synthetase inhibitor, meclofenamate, was also effective in attenuating hydralazine-induced renin release, urinary PGE(2) and PGF(2alpha) excretion, and arachidonate hypotension. Isoproterenol, a nonselective beta-adrenergic agonist, increased heart rate, lowered blood pressure, and also stimulated the release of renin when administered intraperitoneally. However, intrarenal infusion of the drug only resulted in increased renin release. Indomethacin inhibited isoproterenol-induced renin release by 66 and 67%, respectively, without altering the hemodynamic effects associated with the intraperitoneal administration of the drug. The selective beta(1) agonist, H133/22, increased the release of renin and heart rate in a dose-related manner without altering blood pressure. H133/22 induced renin release was inhibited by 80% by indomethacin pretreatment. Finally, intrarenal infusions of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (3 mg/kg per min) increased the serum activity from 4.1+/-0.2 to 20.4+/-3.9 ng/ml per h without altering mean arterial pressure. Indomethacin inhibited this renin response to dibutyryl cyclic AMP by 96%. Thus, renal PG appear to be important mediators of sympathetically stimulated renin release acting as a site distal to the beta-adrenergic receptor. PMID- 37257 TI - Anaphylactic release of a basophil kallikrein-like activity. I. Purification and characterization. AB - These studies describe the IgE-mediated relase of a basophil kallikrein-like enzyme that is an arginine esterase and is inhibited by plasma, diisopropylphosphofluoridate, and Trasylol. The substrate specificity for the synthetic amino acid ester substrates p-toluenesulfonyl-L-arginien methyl ester, benzoyl-arginine methyl ester, and acetyl-tyrosine methyl ester is similar for the basophil enzyme and plasma kallikrein. The interaction of arginine esterase active fractions from ion-exchange (DEAE-Sephacel) and gel filtration (Sepharose 6B) chromatography, with human plasma kininogen, generates immunoreactive kinin. The basophil arginine esterase and kinin-generating activities co-chromatograph on Sepharose 6B and the quantity of kinin generated is, in general, proportional to the arginine esterase activity of the column fractions, suggesting that these two activities are subserved by the same protease. The ability of this protease to generate kinin equally well from heat- and acid-treated plasma, as from fresh human plasma, suggests that this protease has kallikrein-like activity. These data suggest that kallikrein-like activity can be generated from human basophils as a direct result of a primary IgE-mediated immune reaction, thus providing a potential link between reactions of immediate hypersensitivity and the plasma and(or) tissue kinin-generating systems. PMID- 37258 TI - Micropuncture determination of pH, PCO2, and total CO2 concentration in accessible structures of the rat renal cortex. AB - Previous studies evaluating the mechanism of renal HCO-3 reabsorption have assumed equilibrium between systemic arterial blood and tubular fluid PCO2. We have recently reported that the PCO2 in proximal and distal tubular fluid as well as the stellate vessel significantly exceeded arterial PCO2 by 25.9 +/- 0.92 mm Hg. The purpose of this study was to determine directly, for the first time, pH, PCO1, and total CO2 concentration in the accessible structures of the rat renal cortex with both microelectrodes and microcalorimetry. In addition, the concentrations of chloride and total CO2 were compared in the stellate vessel. The data demonstrate that: (a) values for total [CO2] in both the proximal tubule and stellate vessel calculated from in situ determination of pH and PCO2 closely agree with the measured values for total [CO2]: (b) values for chloride concentration in the stellate vessel are significantly less than the corresponding values in systemic plasma (delta[Cl-] = 5.6 meq/liter); and (c) the rise in [HCO-3] from systemic to stellate vessel plasma closely approximates the observed reciprocal fall in [Cl-] in this structure. PMID- 37259 TI - A comparison of self-delivered consequences and desensitization in the treatment of fear of rats. AB - Exposed 52 rat phobic Ss to either group desensitization, self-delivered consequences imagined exposure, self-delivered consequences in-vivo exposure, or no treatment. Self-delivered consequences Ss conducted the treatment on their own and self-delivered preselected reinforcers contingent upon performance of the treatment exercises. All treatment groups improved significantly more than the no treatment control group. The self-delivered consequences imagined exposure and the group desensitization treatments were equally effective. The self-delivered consequences in-vivo exposure treatment was significantly more effective than the self-delivered consequences imagined exposure and group desensitization treatments. The applicability of self-management techniques to the treatment of fear responses to specific stimuli and an extinction explanation of the effectiveness of systematic desensitization are discussed. PMID- 37260 TI - International symposium and course on computed tomography. Las Vegas, Nevada. April 16-20, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 37261 TI - gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase of bovine milk membranes: distribution and characterization. AB - The distribution and characterization of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from bovine milk was examined. The enzyme was associated mainly with components of milk membrane. Skim milk membrane had 41% of the total activity in whole milk whereas milk fat globule membrane showed 7%. Enzyme kinetic characterization of these two membrane fractions showed they had identical amino acid specificities, pH, and sodium chloride effects, and similar apparent Michaelis constants. The main enzymatic difference between the membranes was a 2 to 3 times higher specific activity of the skim milk membranes. Skim milk membrane from milk would be a good source of this enzyme for continued studies of the function of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in amino acid transport during lactation. PMID- 37263 TI - Current concepts in replantation therapy. PMID- 37262 TI - Studies on polycarboxylates and related cements. 4. Properties of cements. PMID- 37264 TI - Repellents vs. toxicants as clothing treatments for protection from mosquitoes and other biting flies. PMID- 37265 TI - Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in human skin. PMID- 37266 TI - [Sipple disease (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of ocular manifestation of a Sipple disease. They discuss, the association with endocrine poly-adenomatosis and the relationship with the APUD system. PMID- 37267 TI - [The evolution of the thickness of rabbit corneas in hydratation, the influence of pH and composition of the solution (author's transl)]. AB - The swelling of excised, de epitheliated, rabbit corneas has been measured every five minutes during their immersion in a hydrating medium. The following media have been used: distilled H2O, Krebs-bicarbonate Ringer solution, HCl 0,01 N and NaCl 1 M/l. The swelling is very moderate with Krebs and NaCl, much higher and practically proportional to the duration of immersion with HCl, still faster with H2O. On the other hand, the influence of pH has been studied using 13 different solutions buffered from pH 1 to pH 13. A pronounced minimum of the swelling was found for pH 4, along with 3 relative maxima: the first around pH 2, the second around pH 8 and the third around pH 12. The interpretation of those results on a biochemical basis is discussed. For all these media, the solvent was distilled H2O. At last, two statistical distributions, based on 131 corneas, have been determined: one concerning the initial thickness and the other concerning the difference between the initial thickness of the two corneas of the same rabbit. PMID- 37274 TI - Nature of the stimulus leading to lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis. AB - Experiments are described that characterize the nature of the stimulus leading to lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis (LIA), a reaction previously shown to reflect a local in vivo graft-vs-host reaction. The studies demonstrate that circulating cells of the host animal provide the stimulation essential for activation of donor lymphocytes and that the major allogeneic stimulus in congenic lines of mice is correlated with I-region disparity, primarily associated with IA controlled determinants. The results are readily compatible with the hypothesis that is proposed that LIA is in large part of the consequence of the release of soluble mediators or lymphokines that may act either directly on endothelial cells or indirectly by activating macrophages, which in turn generate the vascular reaction. PMID- 37275 TI - The elution of antibodies from viable murine tumor cells. AB - Several low pH buffers were used in order to dissociate radioiodinated antibodies from sensitized living tumor cells. Three buffers were further tested for their dissociation abilities under different conditions of time and temperature, and for their influence on the eluted antibodies. The cytotoxicity mediated by these low pH buffers was also determined by viability assays. Optimal results were obtained with 0.1 M citrate buffer at pH 3.5. PMID- 37276 TI - A two-site immunoradiometric assay for the determination of alpha-albumin. AB - A two-site immunoradiometric assay for a brain specific protein (alpha-albumin or glial fibrillary acidic protein) is described which may be applied to other proteins. The assay variables studied are immunoadsorbent dilution, temperature, incubation times, reactivity of the labelled antibodies and effect of the washing. Each of these factors is optimalised, resulting in a sensitive, specific, reliable assay. The working range is 5--5000 ng/ml, the within-assay variance is 5%. No high dose hook effect is seen in this range. The method is applied for the measurement of alpha-albumin present in cerebrospinal fluid, nervous tissue extracts and cell cultures. PMID- 37277 TI - Divergent results in radial immunodiffusion. III. Isolation and specificity test of class-specific antibodies. AB - A method is described for the isolation of antibodies specific for immunoglobulin class determinants from antisera containing antibodies both for the immunoglobulin class and for its subclasses, using affinity chromatography. The model system used is bovine IgG with its subclasses IgG1 and IgG2, together with antisera raised in goats and sheep. The specificity of the isolated class specific antibodies was demonstrated by double diffusion (DI) and radial immunodiffusion (RID). The levels of total IgG in normal bovine sera measured with the class-specific antibodies were the same as the sum of the IgG1 and IgG2 levels obtained with subclass-specific antisera. However, sera from cattle infected with Fasciola hepatica contain IgG1 fragments without class-specific determinants. In these sera, contrary to expectation, the class-specific antibodies gave higher total IgG levels than the subclass-specific antisera. The yield of class-specific antibodies varied with different batches of antisera. The minimum amount of each class-specific antibody preparation needed for a RID plate also varied. Class-specific antibodies isolated from antisera raised against IgG1 gave more intense precipitation reactions in RID against IgG1 than IgG2 and vice versa. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed. PMID- 37278 TI - Malignant teratoma on undescended testicle. PMID- 37279 TI - The subcellular localization of neutral sphingomyelinase in rat liver. AB - The subcellular distribution of neutral sphingomyelinase activity has been determined in rat liver. Neutral sphingomyelinase is present in the plasma membrane. This enzyme requires either Mg2+ or Mn2+ for full activity; these cations cannot be replaced by Co2+ or Ca2+. The plasma membrane sphingomyelinase is strongly inhibited by Hg2+. A small amount of neutral spingomyelinase activity appears to be present in microsomes. No neutral sphingomyelinase activity is present in liver mitochondria or bytosol. Lysosomal sphingomyelinase is fully active at pH 4.4--4.8 without added divalent cations. However, between pH 5.0 and 7.5 lysosomal sphingomyelinase activity is stimulated by Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, and Ca2+. Below pH 4.8, Mg2+ inhibits the reaction. In contrast to the results obtained with the neutral sphingomyelinase activity of plasma membranes and microsomes, lysosomal sphingomyelinase is unaffected by sulfhydryl inhibitors. PMID- 37280 TI - Lipoprotein lipase and acid lipase activity in rabbit brain microvessels. AB - A preparation of cerebral microvessels was used to demonstrate the presence of lipoprotein lipase and acid lipase activity in the microvasculature of rabbit brain. Microvessels, consisting predominantly of capillaries, small arterioles, and venules, were islated from rabbit brain. Homogenates were assayed for lipolytic activity using a glycerol-stabilized trioleoylglycerol-phospholipid emulsion as substrate. Lipoprotein lipase activity was characterized with this substrate by previously established criteria including an alkaline pH optimum, increased activity in the presence of heparin and heat-inactivated plasma, and reduced activity in the presence of NaCl and protamine sulfate. A different substrate, containing trioleoylglycerol incorporated into phospholipid vesicles, was used to reveal acid lipase activity that was not affected by heparin, plasma, NaCl, or protamine sulfate. Lipoprotein lipase did not show activity with the vesicle preparation as substrate. Intact microvessels, when incubated in the presence of heparin, release lipoprotein lipase into the incubation solution. In contrast, release of acid lipase activity from intact microvessels was not dependent on heparin. The data show the presence of both lipoprotein lipase and acid lipase in brain microvessels and suggest that lipoproteins are metabolized within the cerebral vasculature. PMID- 37282 TI - Rift Valley Fever Symposium. Cairo, Egypt (April 1978). PMID- 37281 TI - Continuous monitoring of free fatty acid release from adipocytes by pH-stat titration. AB - A methods for direct and continuous monitoring of free fatty acid release in adipocyte suspensions is described. Using a pH-stat apparatus the protons from the released free fatty acids are continuously titrated and the accumulated amount of OH- added is monitored on a recorder against time, the slope thus indicating the rate of free fatty acid release. Sinc pH is kept constant, an incubation medium with a low buffering capacity can be used, which gives the method a high sensitivity. Under the conditions described, free fatty acid release from 5% of maximal norepinephrine stumulation of rat adipocytes can be accurately measured and the kinetics can be followed over extended periods of time. PMID- 37283 TI - Symposium on aldosterone. PMID- 37284 TI - Adherence of Mycoplasma gallisepticum to glass. AB - Attachment of washed Mycoplasma gallisepticum cells to glass was quantified with organisms in which membrane lipids were labelled with 3H. Siliconization of the test tubes decreased attachment, while centrifugation increased it. Attachment increased with temperature, decreased with increasing pH and ionic strength of the attachment mixture, but was unaffected by Ca2+, Mg2+ and EDTA. This suggests that ionic bonds, but not salt bridges, participate in the attachment process. Glycophorin, the major receptor responsible for M. gallisepticum attachment to erythrocytes, partially inhibited the attachment of the organisms to glass. However, bovine serum albumin also decreased attachment. Extensive pretreatment of the organisms with trypsin decreased their ability to attach to glass by about 35 to 40%. Trypsin and pronase failed to detach the organisms already bound to glass, suggesting that external mycoplasma cell components, other than membrane proteins, also participate in attachment of the organisms to glass. PMID- 37285 TI - Intracellular polysaccharide of Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Formation of iodophilic polysaccharide (IPS) from glucose was demonstrated in 27 strains of Bacteroides fragilis. Synthesis was dependent on the glucose concentration of the medium, the pH and the growth phase. When glucose was in short supply the cellular polysaccharide was degraded rapidly at pH 4.5 to 6.5 and fatty acids accumulated in the medium. Storage of IPS was not responsible for the low carbon recoveries observed in fermentation balance studies. In electron micrographs of thin sections, the IPS was observed as cytoplasmic granules dispersed throughout the whole cell. After extraction and purification the IPS was characterized as a glycogen. PMID- 37286 TI - Inhibition of guinea-pig brain tyrosine hydroxylase by catechols and biopterin. PMID- 37287 TI - Levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in mouse brain regions following microwave inactivation--rapid post-mortem degradation of striatal dopamine in decapitated animals. PMID- 37288 TI - Relative activities of glutamine synthetase and glutaminase in mammalian synaptosomes. PMID- 37289 TI - Inverse relationship of medulla oblongata noradrenaline concentration and tyrosine hydroxylase activity in hypertension-prone and -resistant rats. PMID- 37290 TI - Purification and effect of the neurotoxin from the sea anemone Parasicyonis actinostoloides. PMID- 37291 TI - Interactions between Bifidobacterium bifidum N4 and Escherichia coli K-12 in their mixed cultures. AB - The interactions between Bifidobacterium bifidum N4 (B. bifidum) and Escherichia coli K-12 (E. coli) were investigated in their mixed cultures. Under conditions in which both bacteria grew well in their pure culture, B. bifidum inhibited the growth of E. coli even when the latter was inoculated at 10(4)-fold and preincubated for 41 hr. The inhibition in the mixed cultures appeared when the pH values were reduced below 4.6. When the lowering of pH was prevented by the addition of NaOH, no inhibition was observed. At the same initial pH of 6.5, lactic acid and acetic acid, metabolites of B. bifidum, had more inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli than other aliphatic fatty acids. On the other hand, in the mixed cultures with E. coli, B. bifidum grew in the absence of its essential vitamins, riboflavin and pantetheine and, furthermore, aerobically. PMID- 37292 TI - Persistent Mullerian duct structures in cryptorchid male infants: surgical dilemmas. AB - Persistent Mullerian duct structures were found in 3 male cryptorchid infants aged 10--12 mo, during correction of a unilateral inguinal hernia. Division of the vas degerens, hysterectomy and scrotal orchidopexy were carried out. The authors believe that in subjects with a persistent mullerian duct syndrome, surgical placement of the testes into the scrotum should be performed. This is, as a rule, not possible without damage to the vas deferens which runs parallel and adheres closely to the surface of the uterus. PMID- 37293 TI - Plasticization of cellulose ethers used in the film coating of tablets. AB - Plasticizer/polymer interactions have been studied by measuring the intrinsic viscosities of both ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in a series of dialkyl phthalates and in a series of liquid glycols respectively. A correlation was found between the intrinsic viscosity of the polymer/plasticizer solutions and the tensile strength, elongation at rupture and work done in stressing to failure of cast films--the mechanical properties being at a minimum when the intrinsic viscosity was at a maximum. This correlation held only within a homologous series of plasticizers and none was found for plasticizers of different structures. A relationship was found between the lowering of a calculated glass transition temperature of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose in the presence of the plasticizers propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol 200 and glycerol and the intrinsic viscosity of the corresponding solutions--the higher the viscosity the greater the lowering of the transition temperature. PMID- 37294 TI - Powder mixing in direct compression formulation by ordered and random processes. AB - The mixing processes taking place in a two component system involving a cohesive drug, tetracycline and a direct compression vehicle, spray dried lactose (SDL), have been studied by chemical analysis of powder samples and fluorescence microscopy. At a drug concentration level of 0.25% w/w, both random and ordered mixing is taking place. Mixture quality is better (Cv = 1%) using a fine grade of crystalline lactose (CL) than with SDL (Cv = 4%). Using fractionated material, it was found that SDL between 106 and 300 micron gave Cv values up to 12%, whereas with SDL below 106 micron values of 2% were obtained. The poor quality of the SDL mixtures is attributed to ordered unit segregation. PMID- 37295 TI - Relative effects of different surfactants on intestinal absorption and the release of proteins and phospholipids from the tissue. AB - The actions of anionic, cationic and non-ionic surfactants on the absorptive capability of rat jejunal tissue in vivo were compared with their effects on the amounts of protein and phospholipid released from the mucosal surface under the same conditions. Release of a comparatively small amount of protein was accompanied by large increases in the absorption rates of both L-valine and salicylate, whereas much larger quantities of phospholipid were released before any increase in absorption were observed. Much of the released material appeared to be derived from mucus which was partly degraded after exposure to the higher concentrations of surfactants. The liberation of cholesterol by high concentrations of anionic surfactants suggested that some disruption of the mucosal membrane occurred under those conditions. The relative potency of the surfactants in stimulating both absorption of the solutes and the release of polypeptides and lipids followed the order: anionic greater than non-ionic greater than cationic. The possible pharmaceutical relevance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 37296 TI - Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine in blood platelets and its inhibition by drugs: role of plasma membrane and granular storage. AB - The initial uptake of 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine (3H-5-HT) showed linearity for short time intervals in normal and reserpinized blood platelets of guinea-pigs, but was lower in reserpinized platelets. Teh Km values for the 3H-5-HT uptake were virtually identical in normal and reserpinized platelets, whereas Vmax was lower in the latter. Imipramine and chlorpromazine caused the same percentage inhibition of 3H-5-HT uptake in normal and reserpinized platelets; the reserpine like compound Ro 4-1284 inhibited the uptake of 3H-5-HT in the normal, but not markedly in the reserpinized platelets. Haloperidol, prenylamine and Ro 4-9040 were more potent inhibitors in normal than in reserpinized platelets. It is concluded that (a) the Km of the initial uptake of 5-HT by platelets is probably determined by the mechanism at the plasma membrane, whereas Vmax may be codetermined by the intracellular storage capacity, (b) platelets are models for differentiating the site of action (plasma membrane or storage organelles) of drugs interfering with 5-HT uptake, and (c) neuroleptics- and reserpine-like compounds may either act selectively on the plasma membrane or on the intracellular storage organelles, or affect both of these subcellular sites. PMID- 37297 TI - The reversal by pyridostigmine of neuromuscular block produced by soman. AB - The effect of pyridostigmine on neuromuscular block produced by soman was studied in the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation. In the rat, soman produced an irreversible reduction in tetanic tension and functional acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Pretreatment with pyridostigmine before exposure of the diaphragm to soman, followed by removal of the anticholinesterase from the organ bath, produced a return of tetanic tension and an increase of 5% in functional AChE activity. Similar results were obtained in the guinea-pig. The changes in synaptic AChE activity were verified pharmacologically by showing a decrease in the blocking activity of acetylcholine in preparations pretreated with pyridostigmine in comparison to those given soman alone following removal of the anti-cholinesterase. The blocking dose of carbachol did not change in these two groups indicating that desensitization was not a component of the protective action. A comparison was also made of the results obtained by measuring inhibition of AChE in situ with those obtained from muscle homogenates. The implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 37298 TI - The protection of primates against soman poisoning by pretreatment with pyridostigmine. AB - The effectiveness of pyridostigmine pretreatment against soman poisoning has been determined in rhesus monkeys and marmosets receiving atropine therapy. Pretreatment with the maximum sign-free dose (200 microgram kg-1, i.v.) raised the subcutaneous LD50 of soman by a factor of 28 in rhesus monkeys and 15 in marmosets. The protection afforded by a quarter of the sign-free dose of pyridostigmine was not significantly less. These levels of protection are higher than any reported in non-primate species. PMID- 37299 TI - Corticosterone -- an anxiogenic or an anxiolytic agent? AB - Corticosterone (3--12 mg kg-1, i.p., giving rise to plasma corticosterone concentrations from 26.7 to 89.0 micrograms/100 ml) failed to have a significant anxiogenic action. Instead, corticosterone (3 mg kg-1) had a significant anxiolytic effect in the social interaction test of anxiety. Adrenalectomized rats had very low levels of social interaction; but adrenalectomized rats that had been given replacement corticosterone therapy did not differ from the sham operated controls. Thus, corticosterone appears to have the opposite effect to that previously reported for ACTH. Possible mechanisms for the observed results are discussed. PMID- 37300 TI - Muscimol and related GABA receptor agonists: the potency of GABAergic drugs in vivo determined after intranigral injection. AB - Contralateral turning behaviour following unilateral intranigral injection of a large series of GABA analogues was investigated. The results indicated that the turning behaviour was induced stereospecifically and was selectively antagonized by the GABA antagonist bicuculline methochloride. The comparative potencies of a series of GABA agonists related to muscimol in general corresponded well to the affinity for 3H-GABA receptor sites and to the depressant action on single neurons using microelectrophoretic administration. However, the GABA agonists trans-aminocrotonic acid and 3-aminopropanesulphonic acid were much weaker than expected from in vitro studies. The GABA-uptake inhibitors nipecotic acid and guvacine showed only weak and short-lasting effects. The GABA-transaminase inhibitor gamma-acetylenic GABA showed delayed effects compared with the agonists which acted immediately. It is proposed that this behavioural effect may be a sensitive and quantitative method for evaluation of GABA agonists in vivo. PMID- 37301 TI - Comparative metabolism of codeine in man, rat, dog, guinea-pig and rabbit: identification of four new metabolites. AB - The metabolism and excretion of codeine and its metabolites in untreated urine of man, rat, dog, guinea-pig and rabbit have been examined. Metabolites were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry operated in the chemical ionization mode (methane). Concentrations of codeine and metabolites were measured by selected ion monitoring. Both codeine and norcodeine were detected in the urine of all species but a new metabolite, hydrocodone, was found only in the urine from man, guinea-pig and dog. Additional metabolites (presumably resulting from the metabolism of hydrocodone) were also detected in man and guinea-pig. Overall recoveries of drug and metabolites from untreated urine were low for all species. PMID- 37302 TI - Hypothermic effects of apomorphine homologues in mice. AB - A single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection in mice of apomorphine (I) and its analogues norapomorphine (II), N-ethylnorapomorphine (III), N-n propylnorapomorphine (IV) and apocodeine (V), caused dose-related decreases in deep-core body temperature. The neuroleptic agent haloperidol blocked the hypothermia produced by these apomorphines but alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine failed to do so. This indicated a direct post-synaptic stimulation of dopamine receptors. Methysergide potentiated the hypothermic effect of the apomorphine analogues. Taking the amount of apomorphine to produce a 3 degree C fall in temperature at 30 min as unity, the approximate relative potencies were: I 1.00, II 0.06, III 47.50, IV 85.00, V 0.340. The doses of the apomorphines needed to produce hypothermia were much less than those needed to cause stereotypy. The ratios of the minimal doses required to produce hypothermia, to those producing stereotypy were: I 8.82, II 4.00, III 125.00, IV 28.50, V 1.43. PMID- 37303 TI - An in vitro study of drug displacement interactions: warfarin-salicylate and warfarin-phenylbutazone. AB - The binding interactions between warfarin-salicylate and warfarin-phenylbutazone in the presence of 4 g percent bovine serum albumin at 37 degrees C were studied using equilibrium dialysis. Methods of representing and analysing drug binding interactions are discussed. Scatchard plots, double reciprocal plots and the like are shown to be of no use in representing drug displacement interactions since they display only one drug and they can be potentially misleading. It is argued that a preferable method of analysing drug displacement interaction data is in terms of a stepwise multiple equilibria model. The numerical problems associated with fitting this kind of model to the data are discussed. A three-dimensional representation of the binding surface is proposed as a superior means of visualizing drug displacement interactions. PMID- 37304 TI - Polycyanoacrylate nanocapsules as potential lysosomotropic carriers: preparation, morphological and sorptive properties. PMID- 37305 TI - The gamma irradiation of tragacanth: effect on microbial contamination and rheology. PMID- 37306 TI - Physical dependence and tolerance development to sustained low concentrations of morphine in mice. PMID- 37307 TI - The interaction of WB4101, and other alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, on 5 hydroxytryptamine receptors. PMID- 37308 TI - Synergistic elevation of brain 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid concentration by methylphenidate and spiperone in control but not reserpine-pretreated rats. PMID- 37309 TI - Influence of the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor FLA 63 on the disposition of barbitone in the mouse. PMID- 37310 TI - The effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, and shock on plasma corticosterone concentrations in rats. PMID- 37311 TI - The curve doses vs survival time in the evaluation of acute toxicity. PMID- 37312 TI - Neuropharmacological studies on the neuroleptic potential of domperidone (R33812). PMID- 37313 TI - The effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on contractions produced by sympathomimetic amines in the human isolated vas deferens. PMID- 37314 TI - Genetic evidence for the involvement of different oxidative mechanisms in drug oxidation. PMID- 37315 TI - Possible involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine in dopamine-receptor-mediated hypothermia in the rat. PMID- 37316 TI - Antagonism by propranolol of central dopamine receptor stimulation is not related to beta-adrenergic blockade. PMID- 37317 TI - Cobaltous chloride-induced hypothermia. II: Pretreatment with sympathoplegics, antihistamines, and narcotic antagonists. AB - Body temperature depression was noted in rats, mice, and hamsters following intraperitoneal cobaltous chloride administration (25 mg/kg). Intracerebral cobalt injection elicited hypotermia in rats and mice but not in hamsters. Body temperature depression appeared to be centrally mediated in rats and mice and peripherally mediated in hamsters. The effect of intraperitoneal and intracerebral pretreatment with phentolamine, diphenhydramine, propranolol, cimetidine, and naloxone on the mouse rectal temperature response to cobalt (25 mg/kg ip) was noted. Systemic phentolamine injection (intraperitoneal) did not alter the cobalt response, whereas intracerebral administration partially antagonized cobalt-induced hypothermia, indicating that antagonism was mediated centrally. Pretreatment with propranolol and cimetidine failed to modify the temperature response. Intracerebral diphenhydramine did not influence cobalt hypothermia. However, this agent reduced the cobalt response when given intraperitoneally, presumably through a peripheral inhibitory mechanism. The intracerebral injection of naloxone 30 min prior to cobalt slightly enhanced hypothermia, apparently through a central action. Intracerebral 6-hydroxydopamine injection depleted brain norepinephrine and dopamine but exhibited no apparent influence on cobalt-induced hypothermia. PMID- 37318 TI - Dissolution systems for chloramphenicol tablet bioavailability. AB - The relationship between chloramphenicol (I) tablet bioavailability and in vitro dissolution rates was examined. The effect of solid food on the I tablet and powder bioavailability was also studied. Five tablets of I were selected for bioavailability testing on the basis of the dissolution rates of 18 I tablets (250 mg) determined by several methods. Compound I, 500 mg, was administered orally to five subjects, following overnight fasting, according to a crossover design. The bioavailability parameters were obtained from urinary I excretion. Among the five formulations studied, only one tablet (F) showed significantly poorer bioavailability. The dissolution rates at pH 1.2 did not give the same rank order as the bioavailability. The dissolution rate of Tablet F showed remarkable pH dependency. The dissolution rates at pH 4 showed good correlation with in vivo bioavailability data. The bioavailability of I powder was not affected by solid food. Tablet F, which had poor bioavailability in the fasting state, showed good bioavailability when administered just after the standard breakfast. PMID- 37319 TI - New biphenyl derivatives II: 1-(4-Biphenylyl)-1-hydroxy-2-aminoethanes and 1-(4 biphenylyl)-1-chloro-2-aminoethanes as potential beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents. AB - Series of 1-(4-biphenylyl)-1-hydroxy-2-aminoethanes and 1-(4-biphenylyl)-1-chloro 2-aminoethanes were synthesized. Newly developed reaction conditions for aryl aminomethyl ketone reduction and reductive alkylation, using sodium borohydride, are described. The prepared compounds were examined for adrenergic blocking activity on an anesthetized dog blood pressure preparation and on isolated toad hearts. beta-Adrenergic blockade was investigated using isoproterenol as the agonist. The benzylamino and cyclohexylamino analogs exhibited marked beta adrenoceptor blocking activity, for which the latter derivatives were more potent. PMID- 37320 TI - GI absorption of beta-lactam antibiotics. III: Kinetic evidence for in situ absorption of ionized species of monobasic penicillins and cefazolin from the rat small intestine and structure-absorption rate relationships. AB - Absorption rates of monobasic beta-lactam antibiotics were measured as a function of lumen solution pH between 4 and 9 by utilizing the rat intestinal recirculating method in situ. Between pH 6.5 and 9, the absorption rate constants of ionized antibiotics were almost identical; but, at pH 4, the unionized species were highly absorbed, depending on their lipophilicity through the GI membrane lipoidal barrier. The structure-absorption rate relationship was established with the unstirred layer model. PMID- 37321 TI - Metabolic conversion of fluorenone oxime to phenanthridinone by hepatic enzymes. AB - Fluorenone oxime is converted to phenanthridinone by enzymes present in rat liver homogenates. The reaction is analogous to the chemical Beckman rearrangement. The oxime-amide rearrangement enzyme is localized primarily in the microsomes, with some activity in the cytosol. The reaction requires reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and observes Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The reaction is relatively slow (Vmax = 7.75 +/- 2.01 nmoles of phenanthridinone formed/100 mg of liver/15 min), but the enzyme reaches maximum velocity at relatively low substrate concentrations (Km = 3.90 +/- 1.85 x 10(-5) M). The reaction is strongly competitively inhibited by 1-decylimidazole (KI = 3.75 +/- 1.77 X 10(-7) M) and inhibited to a lesser extent by the chelating agents bipyridyl (KI = 1.33 +/- 0.21 X 10(-3) M) and ethylenediamine tetraacetate (KI = 1.00 +/- 0.28 X 10( 3) M) and the sulfhydryl binding agent p-chloromercuribenzoate (KI = 2.71 +/- 0.07 X 10(-4) M). Studies also suggest that the reaction mechanism does not involve initial enzymatic substrate esterification through acetylation, glucuronidation, phosphorylation, or sulfation. PMID- 37322 TI - Interaction of streptonigrin with metals and with DNA. AB - The antitumor antibiotic, streptonigrin, interacted with zinc, copper, and manganese but not with calcium or magnesium, as indicated by spectral shifts and difference spectra. The titration data showed the formation of 1:1 complexes, and further titration continued to show spectral shifts until a molar ratio for zinc to streptonigrin of 5-10 to 1 was reached. Streptonigrin interacted with DNA only in the presence of a metal ion such as zinc. Streptonigrin titration with DNA at varying zinc molar equivalents revealed that one antibiotic molecule required 5-7 moles of zinc and 20-25 moles of DNA-phosphorus for complexation. Similar values were obtained from gel permeation chromatography. PMID- 37323 TI - 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate hydrolysis in dilute aqueous solution. AB - The hydrolysis kinetics of 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate were determined over the pH 0-14 range at different temperatures in solutions buffered to a constant pH. Analysis of data extrapolated to zero buffer concentrations permitted construction of an overall rate expression for pH 0-14 and 0-100 degrees. Reaction mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 37324 TI - 13C-NMR spectra of alpha-adrenergic blocking agents. AB - The natural abundance 13C-NMR spectra of five alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, tolazoline, dibenamine, azapetine, phenoxybenzamine, and phentolamine, are reported. The chemical shifts of various carbon resonances were assigned on the basis of chemical shift theory, multiplicities observed in single-frequency off resonance-decoupled spectra, relaxation times, and comparisons with the chemical shifts of model compounds. PMID- 37325 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatographic evaluation of aqueous vehicles for preparation of prednisolone and prednisone liquid dosage forms. AB - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed that separates prednisolone from prednisone, prednisone from methylprednisolone succinate sodium, and hydrocortisone from hydrocortisone acetate or cortisone acetate. The common liquid dosage preservatives methylparaben, propylparaben, and sodium benzoate do not interfere with quantitative prednisolone, prednisone, and hydrocortisone determinations. The method was used to study prednisolone and prednisone stability in five aqueous vehicles (water, citrate buffer USP, 50% glycerin, 50% sorbitol, and 50% sucrose) containing 10% (v/v) ethanol. Prednisone crystallized out in all vehicles except glycerin, in which it appeared to be stable for at least 92 days. Prednisolone did not crystallize in any vehicle but decomposed quickly in citrate buffer. Sorbitol and glycerin appeared to be the best vehicles for prednisolone. The developed method was applied successfully to the quantitative determinations of prednisolone, prednisone, and hydrocortisone in commercial tablets. PMID- 37326 TI - Modified fluorometric quantitation of pancuronium bromide and metabolites in human maternal and umbilical serums. AB - The procedure for pancuronium bromid ion-pair extraction into chloroform using rose bengal and subsequent fluorometric measurement was modified by changing the extraction pH and eliminating phenol, ethanol, and acetone to give easier operation and enhanced fluorescence stability. Precision, accuracy, and sensitivty were evaluated over 0.14-0.82 microgram/ml (CV = 14; relative error = 9%) and 0.05-0.17 microgram/ml (CV = 19; relative error = 21%). Following a dose of 0.1 ml/kg for cesarean section in humans, the mean maternal arterial and umbilical venous serum concentrations of pancuronium bromide and metabolites were 0.52 and 0.12 microgram/ml, respectively, at delivery (mean of 13 min after injection). PMID- 37327 TI - Controlled drug release by polymer dissolution. II: Enzyme-mediated delivery device. AB - A novel, closed-loop drug delivery system was developed where the presence or absence of an external compound controls drug delivery from a bioerodible polymer. In the described delivery system, hydrocortisone was incorporated into a n-hexyl half-ester of a methyl vinyl ehter-maleic anhydride copolymer, and the polymer-drug mixture was fabricated into disks. These disks were then coated with a hydrogel containing immobilized urease. In a medium of constant pH and in the absence of external urea, the hydrocortisone release was that normally expected for that polymer at the given pH. With external urea, ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium hydroxide were generated within the hydrogel, which accelerated polymer erosion and drug release. The drug delivery rate increase was proportional to the amount of external urea and was reversible; that is, when external urea was removed, the drug release rate gradually returned to its original value. PMID- 37328 TI - The effects of amiloride and ouabain on urinary acidification by turtle bladder. AB - To investigate the mechanism by which amiloride inhibits urinary acidification, its effects on H+ secretion were examined in the isolated urinary bladder of the fresh water turtle. In short-circuited turtle bladders amiloride inhibited H+ secretion by 30% and Na+ transport by 100%. Maximal inhibition was reached at 10( 4) M amiloride for both transport systems. In contrast to amiloride, ouabain did not affect H+ secretion despite complete inhibition of Na+ transport. In bladders first treated with ouabain amiloride failed to inhibit H+ secretion and in bladders first treated with amiloride, the inhibition of H+ secretion was partially reversed by ouabain. The inhibition of H+ secretion by amiloride is attributed to hyperpolarization of the luminal cell membrane and the imposition of a voltage opposing the movement of protons in the active transport pathway. PMID- 37329 TI - Measurement of ionic exchange in organelle suspensions with ion-selective electrodes [proceedings]. PMID- 37330 TI - A catheter tip pH electrode for use in man [proceedings]. PMID- 37331 TI - Some effects of pH on plasma calcium in the human and cat [proceedings]. PMID- 37332 TI - [A human spleen factor having capability to degradate fibrin--partial purification and some properties (author's transl)]. PMID- 37333 TI - Technique for minimizing dimensional changes in large-span ceramic-metal fixed restorations. AB - In the technique described in this article, the long-span and full-arch fixed restoration can be soldered by isolating the restoration from the heatrobbing mass of investment and perching it on stilts of high-temperature-resistant rods. The porcelain is fired and glazed with a minimum dimensional change. PMID- 37334 TI - Distortions in indexing methods and investing media for soldering and remount procedures. AB - A three-dimensional distortion analysis was made of seven indexing-investment systems and six indexing-remount systems. Measurements were made to within +/- 0.005 mm with a Nikon Profile Projector and a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT); distortions (linear and rotational) were calculated by means of a PDP 11/40 computer system. Mean vector displacements, square root deltaX2 + deltaY2 + deltaZ2, were calculated, and a statistical evaluation of the data was completed. The results of the study indicate: 1. The zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) indexing-investment system produced a narrower range and a significantly smaller mean distortion than the other six indexing-investment systems. 2. The ZOE-stone remount technique showed significantly less distortion than the ZOE-low-fusing metal or the ZOE-acrylic resin techniques. 3. The polyether-stone remount technique demonstrated significantly less distortion than either the polyether low-fusing metal or the polyether-acrylic resin system. 4. The polyether-stone remount system was not significantly different from the ZOE-low-fusing metal system. 5. The ZOE-stone remount technique demonstrated a smaller range of distortions, but those distortions were not significantly different from those of the polyether-stone remount technique. PMID- 37335 TI - Syntheses, analgetic activity, and physical dependence capacity of 5-phenyl-6,7 benzomorphan derivatives. AB - The synthesis, analgetic activity, and physical dependence capacity of a large number of 5-phenyl-6,7-benzomorphan derivatives are described. Observations made during the Stevens' rearrangement of 1-benzyl-1-methyl-delta 3-piperidinium salt derivatives (V) under various conditions are discussed. The absolute configuration of the 9-demethyl series and the 2'-deoxy series is established by comparison of their ORD and CD spectra with those of 49, whose absolute configuration was previously established by X-ray crystallography. A convenient synthesis of 3H-labeled phenols using 3H3PO4 is described, as well as the preparation of 14C-labeled compounds by conventional methods. PMID- 37336 TI - Synthesis of 2,3,4,4a,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole derivatives and their central nervous system activities. AB - The synthesis and some pharmacological effects of cis- and trans-2-substituted 2,3,4,4a,5,9b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole derivatives are described. In these derivatives, the substituents of the 2, 5 and 8 position, together with the relative configuration of the 4a and 9b position, influenced the potency of the central nervous system activities. A cis-2-[3-(p-fluorobenzoyl)propyl] analogue (5k) of carbidine (1) possessed not only thymoleptic-like biological activity but had more potent neuroleptic activity than the parent drug. PMID- 37337 TI - beta-Adrenergic blocking agents with acute antihypertensive activity. AB - Modification of the pharmacological profile of the vasodilating/beta-adrenergic blocking agent 2-[4-[3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]phenyl]-4 (trifluoromethyl)imidazole (1) has been investigated. Introduction of selected substitutents onto the imidazole ring, in place of the trifluoromethyl group, has yielded highly cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocking agents such as 7, 17, and 18. The placement of alkyl or chloro groups onto the aryl ring of 1, as illustrated by 33, has produced a class of compounds characterized as antihypertensive beta-adrenergic blocking agents. In these examples, the acute antihypertensive activity does not appear to be due to either vasodilating or beta 2-agonist properties. PMID- 37338 TI - 10-(Alkylamino)-4H-thieno[3,4-b][1,5]benzodiazepines. A novel class of potential neuroleptic agents. AB - An investigation of the structural requirements for CNS activity of the title compounds was undertaken. A synthesis of the precursor dihydro-10H-thieno[3,4 b][1,5]benzodiazepin-10-ones was achieved and three routes for their conversion to the title compounds were developed. The compounds were tested for neuroleptic activity by means of the blockade or d-amphetamine lethality in aggregated mice and/or effects on locomotor activity in rats. Antidepressant activity was examined using inhibition of tetrabenazine-induced depression in mice. Most of the compounds were found to be potent neuroleptic agents with several exhibiting additional antidepressant activity. PMID- 37339 TI - Cardioselectivity of beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents 1. 1-[(4 Hydroxyphenethyl)amino]-3-(aryloxy)propan-2-ols. AB - A series of 1-[(4-hydroxyphenethyl)amino]-3-(aryloxy)propan-2-ols was synthesized together with several 1-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino]-3-(aryloxy)propan-2-ols. Their affinity to beta 1- and beta-2-adrenoceptors was determined and compared with the affinity of known beta-blockers. We were able to confirm the substantial cardioselectivity of 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl)-3-[(4-substituted aryl)oxy]propan 2-ols when compared to those with a 1-(4-hydroxyphenethyl) group. An increase in the size of the 4 substitutent of the 3-(aryloxy) moiety to caproamido leads to a substantially higher affinity for the beta 1--adrenoceptor of rat ventricular muscle in the presence of the 3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl than in the presence of the 4-hydroxyphenethyl or isopropyl group; this combination also gave the highest cardioselectivity. PMID- 37340 TI - Conformational effects on the activity of drugs. 7. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 2-(p-nitrophenyl)-substituted morpholines. AB - A series of 1-(p-nitrophenyl)-2-aminoethanol derivatives and their morpholine analogues have been synthesized and pharmacologically investigated in order to confirm some pharmacological observations made with the N-isopropyl-substituted compounds. In agreement with the previously obtained results, the weak alpha adrenergic-stimulating activity and the potentiating effect on the responses to norepinephrine found in the open-chain compounds persist in their corresponding semirigid cyclic analogues. The results are discussed in the light of common knowledge of the structure-activity relationships of alpha-adrenergic drugs. PMID- 37341 TI - Intracellular pH, intracellular free Ca, and junctional cell-cell coupling. PMID- 37342 TI - Coupled transport of protons and anions through lipid bilayer membranes containing a long-chain secondary amine. AB - Transport of protons and halide ions through planar lipid bilayers made from egg lecithin and a long-chain secondary amine (n-lauryl [trialkylmethyl] amine) in n decane was studied. Net proton fluxes were measured with a pH electrode, and halide fluxes were measured with 82Br- and 36Cl-. In membranes containing the secondary amine, a large net proton flux was produced either by a Br- gradient with symmetrical pH or by a pH gradient with symmetrical Br-, but not by a pH gradient in Br--free solutions. This H+ flux was electrically silent (nonconductive), and the H+ permeability coefficient was greater than 10(-3) cm sec-1 in 0.1 M NaBr. In Br--free solutions, H+ selectivity was observed electrically by measuring conductances and zero-current potentials generated by H+ activity gradients. The permeability coefficient for this ionic (conductive) H+ flux was about 10(-5) cm sec-1, several orders of magnitude smaller than the H+ permeability of the electroneutral pathway. Large electroneutral Br- exchange fluxes occurred under symmetrical conditions, and the permeability coefficient for Br- exchange was about 10(-3) cm sec-1 at pH 5. The one-way Br- flux was inhibited by substituting SO4= for Br- on the "trans" side of the membrane. These results support a "titratable carrier" model in which the secondary amine exists in three forms (C, CH+ and CHBr). Protons can cross the membrane either as CHBr (nonconductive) or as CH+ (conductive), whereas Br- crosses the membrane primarily as CHBr (nonconductive). In addition to these three types of transport, there is also a pH-dependent conductive flux of Br- which has a permeability coefficient of about 10(-7) cm sec-1 at pH 5. Experiments with lipid monolayers suggest that the pH dependence of this conductive flux is caused by a change in surface potential of about +100 mV between pH 9.5 and 5.0. PMID- 37343 TI - Characterization of triglyceride lipase activities in rat heart. PMID- 37344 TI - Selective inhibition of rat and human cardiac guanylate cyclase in vitro by doxorubicin (adriamycin): possible link to anthracycline cardiotoxicity. PMID- 37345 TI - 31P Nuclear magnetic resonance measurement of cardiac pH in perfused guinea-pig hearts. PMID- 37346 TI - The influence of pH on the Ca2+-regulated ATPase of cardiac and white skeletal myofibrils. PMID- 37347 TI - Operative versus non-operative management of patients with staghorn calculi and neurogenic bladder. AB - During the last 5 years 22 patients have been treated at our hospital for staghorn calculi and neurogenic bladder. In 17 patients an operation was done soon after discovery of the calculi, while 5 patients were followed non operatively. The latter 5 patients had a rapid downhill course marked by sepsis and renal function deterioration and an operation was necessary in 4 of the 5 cases. Injudicious non-operative therapy only prolongs the relentless effects of staghorn calculi in patients with spinal cord pathology. PMID- 37348 TI - Clinical implications of gonadal venography in the management of the non-palpable undescended testis. AB - Selective gonadal venography was used on 28 patients with a total of 34 non palpable undescended testes. The data obtained in this study suggest that 1) an internal spermatic vein with a pampiniform-like plexus indicates the presence of a testis, 2) a blind-ending vein on venography suggests the absence of a testis, 3) an internal spermatic vein or vas deferens may be present without a testis, 4) a testis probably cannot be present without a gonadal vein, 5) a testis may be present without a vas, 6) a blind-ending vas deferens does not necessarily indicate the absence of a testis and 7) a blind-ending vas deferens in a patient in whom a blind-ending gonadal vein is localized to the same region probably indicates the absence of a testis. Gonadal venography may localize a non-palpable undescended testis or suggest testicular agenesis. In addition, gonadal venography has aided in the selection of the operative approach and, in the future, may provide criteria under specific circumstances for determining whether an operation is necessary and, if so, the extent of surgical exploration. PMID- 37349 TI - Pressor response during cystomanometry in spinal injury patients complicated with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. AB - Herein attention is focused on the documentation of high blood pressure response with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in spinal cord injury patients and with its amelioration after extended sphincterotomy. During cystomanometric evaluation of the bladder the monitored blood pressure response in 53 spinal injury patients, 27 non-dyssynergic spinal injury patients and 18 non-spinal injury patients was compared. A high correlation was observed among the magnitudes of blood pressure increase, level of injury and the severity of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in spinal injury patients. During cystomanometry blood pressure increases of greater than 20 mm. Hg systolic and 10 mm. Hg diastolic in normotensive paraplegics (below T5) and also in non-spinal injury patients were significant to suspect detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. In normotensive tetraplegic patients blood pressure increases of greater than 40 mm. Hg systolic and 20 mm. Hg diastolic were significant to suspect detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. The mechanism of blood pressure increase is elucidated. The management of this high blood pressure response in patients with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia by drug therapy and extended sphincterotomy is discussed. Based on our experience the use of carbon dioxide for cystomanometry seems preferable in patients with spinal lesions above T5 since expedient deflation of the bladder can prevent an inordinate blood pressure increase. PMID- 37350 TI - Hemorrhagic cystitis and ureteritis, and interstitial nephritis associated with administration of penicillin G. AB - Hemorrhagic cystitis and ureteritis, and interstitial nephritis developed in a patient receiving penicillin G and streptomycin as therapy for bacterial endocarditis. After therapy was changed to vancomycin there was prompt resolution of these abnormalities. PMID- 37351 TI - Association of diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero with cryptorchidism, testicular hypoplasia and semen abnormalities. AB - Epididymal cysts and/or hypoplastic testes have been found in 31.5 per cent of 308 men exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero, compared to 7.8 per cent of 307 placebo-exposed controls. Analyses of the spermatozoa have revealed severe pathological changes (Eliasson score greater than 10) in 134 diethylstilbestrol exposed men (18 per cent) and 87 placebo-exposed men (8 per cent). Further investigation of the 26 diethylstilbestrol-exposed men with testicular hypoplasia has revealed that 65 per cent had a history of cryptorchidism. Only 1 of the 6 placebo-exposed controls with testicular hypoplasia had a history of testicular maldescent. Although none of our Diekmann's lying-in study group has had carcinoma to date one must keep in mind the reported increased risk of testicular carcinoma in testes that are or were cryptorchid. A 25-year-old man who was not part of the study group was treated recently by us for a testicular carcinoma ( mixed anaplastic seminoma plus embryonal cell carcinoma) and he had a history of diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero and cryptorchidism. PMID- 37352 TI - Unilateral abdominal cryptorchidism. AB - The unilateral non-palpable undescended testis is considered separately from other forms of cryptorchidism. It is less likely to be fertile, it is more prone to malignancy and it is more difficult to place. Removal rather than orchiopexy often is in the best interests of the child. PMID- 37353 TI - Management of the abdominal undescended testicle. AB - Of the orchiopexies performed for abdominal undescended testicles 85 per cent have resulted in satisfactory testicular growth and position. Three-fourths of these cases were in boys with the prune belly syndrome. We are satisfied with our recent experience using the Fowler-Stephens procedure to salvage intra-abdominal undescended testicles. An analysis of the failures in 5 testes early in this series, resulting in partial atrophy, has helped us to avoid technical errors through attention to the following details: 1) preservation of a broad pedicle of peritoneum overlying the mobilized vas, 2) avoidance of any dissection of the spermatic cord and 3) high ligation of the spermatic vessels well above the point of confluence of the vas and spermatic vessels. Although the Fowler-Stephens procedure has some risk of testicular ischemia and atrophy we believe it to be the preferred way to gain mobility on a short tethering gonadal vascular pedicle. PMID- 37354 TI - Urethral pressure profiles before and after Ornade administration in patients with stress urinary incontinence. AB - Urethral pressure profilometry was done on 12 women with stress urinary incontinence and in 6 women with no history of incontinence, before and 1 to 2 hours after the administration of Ornade. Eleven of the 12 women with stress urinary incontinence had increases in the maximal urethral pressure of 20 per cent or more over the control value. Only 1 of the 6 control women exhibited an increase in the maximal urethral pressure of greater than 20 per cent after the administration of Ornade. It is believed that the phenylpropanolamine component of Ornade stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors at the vesical neck and in the proximal urethra to achieve the therapeutic effect of reducing or eliminating stress urinary incontinence. This drug is preferred over ephedrine primarily because of its sustained release, allowing dosage twice a day, and because of its relative freedom from side effects. PMID- 37355 TI - Hypotensive actions of several beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents in conscious normotensive rats. PMID- 37356 TI - Effects of d,l-propranolol and other beta adrenergic receptor blocking agents on membrane fluidity of erythrocytes. PMID- 37357 TI - Histamine-induced ACTH secretion and inhibitory effect of antihistaminic drugs. AB - Concentration of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the serum increased and reached the maximum level 10 min after the injection of histamine (dihydrochloride, 0.5 or 1 mg/100 g) i.p. into rats. The maximum concentration of ACTH in the serum was dependent on the dose of histamine. The ACTH concentration then decreased and was close to the normal level 30 to 60 min after the injection. The ACTH secretion induced by histamine (0.5 mg/100 g) was inhibited completely by the pretreatment with the antagonists of H1-receptor, diphenyhydramine (hydrochloride, 0.2--0.5 mg/100 g), promethazine (hydrochloride, 0.1--0.2 mg/100 g) and d-chlorpheniramine (maleate, 0.02--0.05 mg/100 g). The antagonist of H2-receptor, metiamide (2--4 mg/100 g) inhibited the ACTH secretion significantly but not completely. These results suggest that H1-receptor plays a major role in the histamine-induced ACTH secretion, although H2-receptor is also involved in this ACTH secretion. PMID- 37358 TI - The pneumococcus at Hopkins: early portents of future developments. PMID- 37359 TI - Use of drugs in the aged. PMID- 37360 TI - [8th World Congress of Cardiologists]. PMID- 37361 TI - [Clinical use of arfonad and hygronium aerosols in emergency hypotensive therapy]. AB - During clinical testing of the administration of ganglion-blocking agents by inhalation (175 persons) it was established that drug aerosols of arfonad and hygronium possess high effectiveness, act rapidly, and are relatively safe. The inhalation method of the management of hypertensive crises may find wide use in out-patient practice, under conditions of the admission room, cardiological and resuscitation departments, as well as in obstetrics when controlled hypotension is necessary. PMID- 37362 TI - Microelectrode determination of pH and PCO2 in rat proximal tubule after benzolamide: evidence for hydrogen ion secretion. AB - Previous micropuncture studies supporting hydrogen secretion as the mechanism of bicarbonate reabsorption have relied on the demonstration of an acid disequilibrium pH in the proximal tubule after systemic administration of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Previous calculations of disequilibrium pH, however, have involved the necessary assumption that PCO2 in the proximal convoluted tubule was equal to arterial blood PCO2. This assumption can no longer be supported in view of the recent demonstration that the PCO2 in proximal and distal tubular fluid exceeded arterial blood by approximately 25 mm Hg. The purpose of the present study was to determine directly pH and PCO2 with microelectrodes in both the early and late segments of the accessible proximal tubule of nine Sprague-Dawley rats before and after administration of benzolamide (2.0 mg/kg/hr, i.v.). In the early proximal tubule, pH decreased significantly after benzolamide administration from 6.98 +/- 0.03 to 6.62 +/- 0.03 pH U (P less than 0.001), and PCO2 also decreased from 65.1 +/- 1.2 to 59.3 +/- 1.4 mm Hg (P less than 0.005). In the late proximal convoluted tubule, pH did not change after benzolamide (6.75 +/- 0.02 to 6.77 +/- 0.02), but PCO2 decreased significantly (64.3 +/- 1.5 to 57.7 +/- 1.6) (P less than 0.01). We conclude: (1) the fall in both pH and PCO2 in the early proximal tubule indicates that carbonic acid, not carbon dioxide accumulates after inhibition of luminal carbonic anhydrase; (2) although PCO2 also decreased in the late proximal tubule, unlike the early segment, pH was unchanged after benzolamide administration, perhaps as a result of increased bicarbonate delivery; and (3) PCO2 in vivo was significantly greater than was systemic arterial PCO2 before and after benzolamide administration in both the early and late proximal convoluted tubule. These findings lend support to the view that bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs, in part, by hydrogen secretion. PMID- 37363 TI - Microvascular and clinical effects of altered peritoneal dialysis solutions. AB - Blood flow in the peritoneum is one of the more important factors governing the efficiency of peritoneal dialysis. Yet there have been no previous studies which relate alterations and control of the peritoneal microcirculation to dialysis efficiency. Thus, we used closed-circuit television microscopy to quantitative the in vivo response (changes in diameter) to dialysis solutions of the small arteries on the mesothelial surface of the rat cecum and arterioles of the rat cremaster muscle. These responses were correlated wiht solute clearances from multiple peritoneal dialysis performed in humans. In the cremaster, a transient constriction was followed by a prolonged dilation. pH adjustments of the dialysis solution from 5.6 to 7.4 had no effect on the microvascular response and no effect on solute clearances during human peritoneal dialysis. In the cecum, dialysis solution caused a prolonged dilation which reached a maximum in about 10 min. Since dilation appears to be an important determinant of solute clearances during human peritoneal dialysis, the effects of a vasodilator, sodium nitroprusside, were determined. Sodium nitroprusside decreased the time to maximal dilation, which correlated clinically with an increased solute clearance during exchanges with this drug. Since nitroprusside increased clearances of the larger molecular weight solutes proportionally more than the smaller molecular weight solutes did, we hypothesize that nitroprusside increases solute clearances by both a vasodilatory effect and by an effect on vascular membrane permeability and area for solute exchange. PMID- 37364 TI - Abstracts. Canadian Society of Nephrology Montreal, Quebec February 6--9, 1979. PMID- 37365 TI - [Genetic aspects of cryptorchism]. PMID- 37366 TI - [The Ophthalmologic Society in Vienna. Sessions Jan.-December 1978]. PMID- 37367 TI - [A family with multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA Type I) and some additional peculiarities alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (twice), polyp of small intestine with heterotopic gastric mucosa (once), medullary thyroid carcinoma (once) (author's transl)]. PMID- 37368 TI - The involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in tetanus. AB - Besides the characteristic disturbances of the motor nervous system symptoms indicating an overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system can complicate the course of severe cases of tetanus. These symptoms include fluctuating tachycardia and hypertension, electrocardiographic changes, sweating, constipation with development of paralytic ileus and metabolic disorders. These symptoms are comparable to these developing in patients with phaeochromocytoma. Elevated catecholamine levels in plasma and urine have been found in several patients with tetanus who developed these symptoms. The prolonged over-activity of the sympathetic nervous system is thought to contribute to the still considerably high mortality rate. Myocardial lesions observed at necropsy are comparable to those found in patients dying of phaeochromocytoma. These lesions are suggested to be associated with sudden death from arrhythmias or cardiac failure in patients with tetanus. For the protection of the organism against the overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system a treatment using the combination of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents and adrenergic neuron blocking agents has been introduced. A reduction of the mortality rate was achievable by this treatment. Experimental evidence is accumulating that the tetanus toxin affects not only the motor, but also the sympathetic and sensory neurons. PMID- 37369 TI - [Effect of factors imitating space flight conditions on human lipid metabolism]. AB - Studies of the effects of space flight simulation factors on lipid metabolism showed that space diets developed for space flights of different duration (dehydrated foodstuffs alone or in combination with foods preserved by other methods) did not produce noticeable changes in lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, other factors, i.e. hypokinesia, intake of nerobol during hypokinesia, an altered work-rest cycle, an increased carbon monoxide concentration (up to 15 mg/m3) influenced lipid metabolism. PMID- 37370 TI - [Effect of sealed chamber conditions on the functional state of the human adrenal cortex (based on data from a study of the 11-hydroxycortico-steroid content in the blood plasma)]. AB - The effect of a changed atmosphere, hypoxia, hypercapnia, their combinations and different motor activities on the adrenocortical function was studied in 36 test subjects kept in an 8 m3 altitude chamber. Human adaptation to the environmental changes developed with an active involvement of the adrenal cortex. The level and direction of the changes depended on both the force of the influences and on the initial state of the test subjects. PMID- 37371 TI - [Adaptive optimization of plant gas metabolism in a sealed phytotron]. PMID- 37372 TI - [Relationship of the quality of the water regenerated from urine to the pH value of the initial product]. PMID- 37373 TI - [Evaluation of the oxygenation of the air in enclosed spaces]. PMID- 37374 TI - The post-mortem pH of cod and haddock muscle and its seasonal variation. PMID- 37375 TI - 5'-AMP nucleotidase is localized in the area of cell-cell contact of prespore and prestalk regions during culmination of Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 37376 TI - Proliferative capacity of erythropoietic stem cell lines and aging: an overview. AB - The earliest bone marrow precursor cell types, often called stem CELLS, have a very large capacity for self renewal. This makes them a useful model system in which to test the hypothesis that normal somatic cells have a limited proliferative capacity. Marrow precursor cells differentiate and multiply to replenish the supply of various blood cell types that constantly turn over. Especially with erythrocyte production, this function is well difined and can be tested rigorously to determine whether a significant amount of the stem cell proliferative capacity is exhausted. Functional tests generally show that marrow stem cell lines are exhausted after three to six serial transplantations into successive recipients; the few exceptions are cases in which functioning by cells from the irradiated recipients has not been ruled out. Genetic markers unambiguously identifying marrow stem cell lines from the original donor are necessary for clear cut interpretations of transplantation experiments. No significant differences are found when comparing erythrocyte production by marrow stem cell lines from old and young adult donors. This suggests that little or none of the erythropoietic stem cell's proliferative capacity is exhausted by a lifespan of normal functioning. PMID- 37377 TI - Mouse erythropoietic stem cell lines function normally 100 months: loss related to number of transplantations. AB - Marrow stem cell lines from old and young donors in parallel experiments were transplanted into genetically anemic W/WV recipients. These recipients were populated and their anemias were cured by stem cell lines from WCB6F1 or C57BL/6 dorons that had been repeatedly transplanted up to five times at annual intervals into successive W/WV recipients. Old marrow cell lines produced erythrocytes normally for as long as 2600 to 3000 days. However, after three to four serial transplantations many stem cell lines failed to cure at least two-thirds of the recipients, and all failed by transplantation six. This decline occurred in a similar pattern whether the original stem line donor was old or young. Two experiments suggested that the decline was caused by the transplantation procedure: (1) chromosomally marked donor cells from old and young donors permanently populated lymph nodes in lethally irradiated recipients after the first transplantation, but under the same conditions cell lines from the same donors transplanted a second time were substantially infiltrated by regenerating recipient cells; (2) the ability to compete with the same chromosomally marked cell line in populating irradiated recipients declined markedly in both old and young marrow stem cell lines that had been previoulsy transplanted. PMID- 37378 TI - Reproducibility of clinical data and decisions in the management of upper respiratory illnesses: a comparison of physicians and non-physician providers. AB - The ability of non-physician providers to collect the data required by an algorithm for upper respiratory illness management, and the appropriateness of resulting key management decisions, were studied by comparing non-physician data and management decisions on 426 patients with those of internists. The internists, blinded to Amosists' findings and plans, evaluated the same patients and indicated management without using the algorithm (AM-MD) study). To control for variability of internists' data collecting and illness management, 171 additional patients were evaluated and managed consecutively by two internists, each also kept unaware of the other's findings and plans (MD-MD study). Overall AM-MD agreement on history and physical findings (90 per cent and 81 per cent) and on the need for tests (84 per cent) and treatment (87 per cent) was as high as MD-MD aggrement (91 per cent, 80 per cent, 88 per cent, and 75 per cent, respectively). In both studies, there was significantly more agreement on history data than on physical findings, evaluation, and therapy. PMID- 37379 TI - [French Congress of the International College of Surgeons, (Amiens 16-17-18 June 1978). Abdominal drainage in the mesocolonic area]. PMID- 37380 TI - [Snake bite poisoning. Review of six cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 37381 TI - [Granulomatous and allergic angiitis (Churg and Strauss). A case report (author's transl)]. AB - The autopsy findings in a case of granulomatous and allergic angiitis, or Chung and Strauss' disease, are reported. Certain uncommon peculiarities were seen during the course of the disease, such as the presence of multiple lymph nodes presumed from a clinical standpoint to be lymphomas. Its differential diagnosis from other forms of granulomatous vasculitis, especially from those which affect the lungs preferentially or exclusively, is discussed. Special consideration is given to the limited forms of Wegener's disease, which is surprisingly similar morphologically; its more significant differences lie in the clinical and topographic areas, rather than in morphology. The lymph nodes, presumed to be lymphomas from a clinical view-point, are a truly exceptional circumstances in this disease. In the author's opinion the histologic pattern clearly indicates that the etiopathogenesis lies in a congenital or acquired immune disturbance. The recent literature is review, while the present knowledge about the broad and confusing spectrum of these conditions --arteritis, and pulmonary granulomatosis- is discussed. PMID- 37383 TI - [Prognosis of heavy-metal poisonings]. PMID- 37382 TI - [On the value of drill biopsy in diagnosis of breast lesions (author's transl)]. AB - During a period of 30 months 216 drill biopsies of palpable breast lesions were carried out. By using this method sufficient tissue material for a histological examination could be acquired in all cases. Out of 106 cases, in which the histological results could exactly be proved by following excision biopsy or mastectomy, 87% were correctly diagnosed by drill biopsy. The reason for failure in all of the 14 false drill biopsy diagnoses was due to sampling error. Comparing the diagnostic results of the first 15 month after establishing the method, with the second half of the investigation period, a considerable improvement from 80% to 94% of correct diagnoses could be established. This improvement was based on increasing experience and routine. By means of drill biopsy, cosmetically and diagnostically disturbing scar formation could be avoided. Drill biopsy can be carried out in local anaesthesia and on outpatient basis as well. It is also suitable for frozen-section technique. PMID- 37384 TI - [Diagnosis and prognosis of transfusion reactions]. PMID- 37385 TI - [From the practice of insurance medicine. Death as a result of a minor accident]. PMID- 37386 TI - [The 60th anniversary of Professor Gillmann]. PMID- 37387 TI - [Trends in the development of life-insurance medicine in Spain]. PMID- 37388 TI - [Prognosis of lymphogranulomatosis]. PMID- 37389 TI - [Hodgkin's disease. Checklist and prognosis groups for the risk evaluation in life insurance]. PMID- 37390 TI - [Views on the risk problem in cancer epidemiology]. PMID- 37391 TI - [The problem of rickettsioses and their late sequelae]. PMID- 37392 TI - Biochemical pharmacology of GABAergic agonists. PMID- 37393 TI - Pulsatile secretion of prolactin in the male rat after pimozide administration is not due to pulsatile inhibition of PIF secretion. PMID- 37394 TI - Regulation of cyclic AMP in heart and gill of Aplysia by the putative neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin. PMID- 37395 TI - Attenuation of morphine tolerance and dependence by alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone(alpha-MSH). PMID- 37396 TI - The regional metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine in mouse brain in vitro. PMID- 37397 TI - Neuroleptics-induced changes of tyrosine hydroxylase activity in rat striatum in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 37398 TI - [Differential gauge for the cell count and redox potential in periodic bacterial cultures]. PMID- 37399 TI - [The diuretics workshop. Lisbon, May 23-27, 1979]. PMID- 37400 TI - Respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation measurements in mitochondria. PMID- 37401 TI - Assay of nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenases in mammalian, bacterial, and reconstituted systems. PMID- 37402 TI - The measurement of membrane potential and deltapH in cells, organelles, and vesicles. PMID- 37403 TI - Electrometric measurement of rapid protontransfer reactions in respiratory chains. PMID- 37404 TI - Measurement of translocation of H+/O in mitochondria and submitochondrial vesicles. PMID- 37405 TI - Determination of the H+/site and Ca2+/site ratios of mitochondrial electron transport. PMID- 37406 TI - The use of K+ concentration gradients for the synthesis of ATP by mitochondria. PMID- 37407 TI - The use of flow dialysis for determinations of deltapH and active transport. PMID- 37408 TI - Reconstitution of ATP synthetase on a collagen membrane that can synthesize ATP using a pH gradient. PMID- 37409 TI - Proton translocation by cytochrome c oxidase incorporated into phospholipid vesicles. PMID- 37410 TI - Incorporation of purple membrane into vesicles capable of light-stimulated ATP synthesis. PMID- 37411 TI - Methodology for transport studies: graphical and computer curve fitting methods for glutamate and aspartate efflux kinetics. PMID- 37412 TI - Measurements of cation transport with metallochromic indicators. PMID- 37413 TI - Ion selective electrode measurements. PMID- 37414 TI - 2nd World Congress for Microcirculation and 25th anniversary of the Microcirculatory Society (USA). July 22--29, 1979 La Jolla, California, U.S.A. Abstracts. PMID- 37415 TI - Hemolytic activity of a togavirus, Getah. AB - A purified toga-alphavirus, Getah (GET), showed optimal hemolytic activity for one-day-old chick red blood cells when incubated at 37 C for 120 min at pH 6.2. Experimental data obtained from various angles, such as pH dependency, inhibition by virus-specific antiserum and by concanavalin A, indicated that the hemolysis was a property of the virus particle itself. Although the mechanism of hemolysis by togaviruses has not been known, our results indicated that viral lipids may participate in this activity since the hemolytic activity was impaired by delipidation procedures. PMID- 37416 TI - On the mechanism of film neoplastogenesis. AB - Since the inception of experimental cancer research, all theories concerning the mechanism of transformation of normal cells into neoplastic cells were constructed on the basis of the postulate that interaction of an agent and cell constituents is a condition indispensable for the occurrence of the neoplastic transformation. In the course of the past three decades, however, all attempts to uncover agents responsible for the transformations induced by chemically inert films implanted in living tissues or for the "spontaneous" transformations in vitro in cell cultures devoid of added neoplastogens, yielded consistently negative results. In regard to the neoplastogenic effect of imbedded inert films, the present article takes into consideration that films implanted in living tissues hinder the circulation of interstitial fluid in their vicinity and as a result elicit anoxia and protracted low pH gradients in the environment of the cells adjacent to the films. The effects of such protracted low pH on the metabolic activities of the surviving cells are examined and a working hypothesis is offered concerning the role of protracted environmental low pH in the mechanism of film neoplastogenesis. PMID- 37417 TI - The pineal gland as an APUD organ: supporting evidence and implications. AB - It is only in recent years that the pineal gland has emerged from being thought of as non-functional and unimportant. The rise from obscurity has been the result of the interest of investigators of multidisplinary origins; such approaches, whilst clearly advancing understanding, also tend to leave knowledge fragmentary. In the last decade, a new neuroendocrine axis known as the APUD system has been delineated and scientifically accepted. The essence of the concept has been to link a physically widely dispersed and apparently unconnected series of glandular structures by a common embryological derivation and their secretion of closely similar functional products. The present proposal collates evidence for the inclusion of the pineal gland within the APUD system. In addition, because of the proven connections and response of the pineal gland to environmental changes, it is hypothesised that pineal products may provide the link between the environment and other members of the widely dispersed APUD system and thereby temper body homeostasis. PMID- 37418 TI - The effect of heparin on blood gas analysis. PMID- 37419 TI - [Metabolic effects of a fixed combination (betablocker plus saluretic) in long term treatment of arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - In 23 patients with essential hypertension of stage I and II according to the WHO, the effects of a fixed combination of a beta-receptor-blocker plus saluretic composed of 20 mg of metipranolol (Disorat 20) and 2.5 mg of butizid (Saltucin) = Torrat on blood pressure and important metabolic parameters (glucose, glucose tolerance, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, plasma potassium and whole body potassium) were tested over a 6-month treatment period. RESULTS: blood pressure and pulse rate were significantly reduced; bradycardia (pulse rate less than 60/min) was not observed. The metabolic parameters showed no significant changes during the 6-month treatment period. In no case did the therapy have to be discontinued because of undesirable effects. The investigations show that the combination has a good antihypertensive effect with few side-effects and that it has no influence on important metabolic parameters during long-term therapy. PMID- 37420 TI - [Gastrointestinal hormones: new aspects and perspectives]. PMID- 37421 TI - [Comparative evaluation of capture methods for blood-sucking mosquitoes. I. The species makeup and species ratio of mosquitoes captured by various methods]. PMID- 37422 TI - [Gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma GT) in the newborn infant]. PMID- 37423 TI - [Notes on coagulation in the neonatal period. III. Influence of pH on coagulation factors II, VII and X in the 1st week of life]. PMID- 37424 TI - Comparative biochemical studies of isozymes of isocitrate dehydrogenase from the mouse. PMID- 37425 TI - A new assay of X-prolyl dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase activity in human serum with glycylproline p-phenylazoanilide as substrate. AB - A new assay procedure for X-prolyl dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase activity in human serum was developed with glycylproline p-phenylazoanilide tosylate as substrate. p-Phenylazoaniline liberated by the enzyme reaction was measured photometrically at 493 nm after stopping the reaction with acid. This assay was simple and sensitive, and less than 50 microliter of human serum was required for the assay. Km value was 2.5 mM and the optimum pH was 8.7. After disc gel electrophoresis of human serum, the enzyme activity could be distinctly observed as a reddish band on the gel when the gel was incubated with this substrate. PMID- 37427 TI - Cooperativity and the slow isomerization of deta-chymotrypsin. PMID- 37426 TI - L-Tryptophan action on hepatic RNA synthesis and enzyme induction. AB - L-Tryptophan increases the activity of hepatic amino acid metabolizing enzymes, affects gluconeogenesis and displays a modulatory effect on several enzymes connected with RNA synthesis. The underlying mechanism differ in individual cases and result in both an increase of enzyme synthesis de novo and a decrease of enzyme degradation. Tryptophan displays a unique effect causing aggregation of hepatic polyribosomes connected with enhanced protein synthesis and preceded by a higher transport of poly (A) messenger RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The variety of rather specific effects mediated by tryptophan brings to mind hormonal action and the existence of specific tryptophan receptors is predicted. PMID- 37429 TI - [NMR spin-echo study of behaviour dynamics of serum albumin macromolecules in aqueous solutions as a function of pH and ionic strength]. AB - Alteration of the intermolecular interaction in aqueous solution of human serum albumin (SA) as a result of the increase of ionic strength and pH values brings about the slowing-down of the spin-echo decay curve for protein protons (several times at high SA concentrations). A specific effect of alkaline pH was observed, i.e. the slowing-down of quick component of the spin-echo decay curve. This result taken together with the data on complex spin-echo decay curve, correlation times of protons of different regions is SA and compared with SA isotope exchange data can be explained as a result of the polypeptide chain conformation mobility with frequencies more 10(4) c.p.s. This effect is observed in regions occupying about one half of the SA macromolecule volume. PMID- 37428 TI - Fibroblast and epidermal growth factors: their uses in vivo and in vitro in studies on cell functions and cell transplantation. PMID- 37430 TI - [Isoelectric focusing of rhodopsin]. AB - By method of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel and sucrose density gradient it has been shown that rhodopsin preparation, obtained by different methods (including the rhodopsin with low content of lipids) are divided into a number of fractions with isoelectric points at the pH-range 5.4-6.0. The corresponding preparations of opsin show heterogeneity in pI, too. Heterogeneity in pI remains at denaturation conditions (8 M urea, 0.01% beta-mercaptoethanol, 1 mM EDTA). If separated in this system at least two protein components are detected. The nature of heterogeneity in pI found and its possible connection with complicated kinetics of the decay of early intermediate products of visual pigment are discussed. PMID- 37431 TI - [pH-dependence of the structural and functional properties of lactate dehydrogenase (M4). Indirect cooperativity in lactate dehydrogenase]. AB - The dependence of structural and functional properties of LDH on pH in the 6.0- 9.0 region was investigated. There were no marked deviations of pyruvate reduction initial velocity curves from the Michaelis--Menten equation in a wide range of pyruvate concentrations. It was shown that Vmax changes negligibly in the 6.0--9.0 pH regions, but Km increased markedly with pH elevation. The pK value of 7.8+/-0.1 was obtained for 50% changes of pyruvate binding. The dependence of enzyme inhibition from pH at a high pyruvate concentration (20 mM) was investigated. At pH values above 8.0 pyruvate inhibition disappeared. The dependence of the inhibition degree from pH was estimated as pK 7.8+/-0.1. Hill coefficient (n) calculated from the curves of Km and the degree of substrate inhibition depending on pH was 1.6; n for pyruvate inhibition at pH 7.5 was 2 greater than n greater than 1 for moderate substrate concentrations (1--5 mM) and n approximately 1 for higher concentrations (5--40 mM). The value of n approximately 1 at pH 7.8 was obtained. The model suiting all available data concerning the cooperativity phenomena in LDH during protonation and inhibition by pyruvate is outlined. The model is based on the results indicating the slow isomerisation of LDH in ternary complexes with NADH and pyruvate and the absence of equilibrium on the intermediate stage of reaction. PMID- 37432 TI - [DNA complexes with lysozyme]. AB - Sedimentation method has been used to study hen egg-white lysozyme binding to glucosylated (from T2 phage) and non-glucosylated (from calf thymus) DNA under conditions similar to physiological ones (pH 7,3--7,4, ionic strength 0.07- 0.24). The results indicate that lysozyme binds cooperatively to both DNA's. Binding parameters have been obtained by applying the theory of one-dimensional adsorption of small molecules on a linear homopolymer. X-ray patterns of complexes with different protein content have been obtained. PMID- 37433 TI - [Conformation properties of sperm whale myoglobin modified by spin labels on histidyl residues]. PMID- 37434 TI - [Electron transfer to hemoproteins. II. pH-dependence of the reduction rate of ferricytochrome c by oxymyoglobin]. AB - The pH-dependence of the reduction rate of ferricytochrome C by intact and chemically modified oxymyoglobins has been studied. The modification was performed with respect to histidine residues and alpha-aminogroup of N-terminal valine. Two histidine residues of myoglobin, His A10 and His GH1, are shown to take part in the realization of the "active" contact between the molecules in the course of the reaction. The deprotonation of the first residue contributes to the acceleration and that of the second to the reduction of the reaction. The found orientation of the Mb molecules in the "active complex" implies that at any orientation of cytochrome C the distance between the haemes of the both molecules should be more than 30 A. This makes highly probable that a structure-dependent mechanism of electron transfer in the system under study can be proposed. PMID- 37435 TI - [Cooperative interaction of serum albumin with quaternized poly-4-vinyl pyridine and structure of the complexes]. AB - Interaction of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with quaternized poly-4-vinyl pyridine (PE) in aqueous solutions at pH 7 was studied. It was shown that in a wide range of the ratios of the components (nBSA/nPE) soluble stable cooperative complexes were formed. At the same time a certain critical content of the protein exists at which the system loses its homogeneity. Complex formation is not accompanied by protein denaturation. At smaller nBSA/nPE ratios non-homogeneous distribution of protein globulas among polyelectrolite macromolecules was found; this corresponded to the "all or none" principle. Using ultracentrifugation technique viscosimetric measurements and electron microscopy it was shown that the soluble complexes exist in the form of rode-like particles consisting of protein globules stabilized by polycation chains. Such particle can be considered as a model of nucleoprotein complex. At certain crytical nBSA/nPE rations the rod-like particles aggregate with additional number of BSA-molecules and form more complicate soluble and insoluble cooperative complexes. Possible structural models of the complexes described were suggested and the thermodinamic and kinetic cryteria of their self-assembly were discussed. PMID- 37436 TI - [Studies of the pH-induced conformational changes in the N- and C-terminals of the spin-labelled sperm whale myoglobin molecule]. PMID- 37437 TI - [Temperature dependence of conductance of isoionic DNA solutions. Determination of dissociation constants of primary phosphoryl groups]. AB - Concentration dependence of the equivalent conductance of isoionic DNA solutions has been studied at different temperatures. The limiting equivalent conductance (lambda infinity) at every temperature investigated has been obtained by extrapolation to the infinite dilution in Kohlraush's plots. At the same time in plots c lambda c versus 1/lambda c (lambda c is equivalent to conductance at the concentration c), corresponding to the linear form of Ostwald's dilution law, the straight lines were obtained. Both lambda infinity and acidity constants (K) have been determined from these plots. The values of lambda infinity by two methods are in well agreement. The average values of lambda infinity were used for energy activation of conductivity calculation, equal to 2,40 +/- 0,05 kcal/mole. The acidity constant of primary phosphoryl groups passes through a maximum near 33 degrees. Equivalent conductance of hydrogen ions calculated by neglecting of macroion's mobility and by using of potentiometric determined concentration (cH+) has been shown to increase with cH+. Unusual behavior of DNA in isoionic solutions is discussed. PMID- 37438 TI - [Isoenzymes in molecular biology and genetics (the materials of the XIV Internation Conference on Genetics)]. PMID- 37439 TI - [Skin manifestations of graft-vs-host reaction in severe combined immunologic deficiency]. PMID- 37440 TI - [Cryptorchidism (author's transl)]. AB - The treatment of cryptorchidism should start at the age of two years because of pathological and anatomical studies. Ectopic testicles, inguinal hernias and postoperative situations associated with a wrong position of the testicle are primary indications for surgical corrections. Fixed inguinal, retractile or abdominal testicles may be primarily treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The success rate after medical treatment averages 50%. The intranasal application of the releasing hormone of luteotropic hormone (LH-RH) may represent an alternative approach to the treatment of cryptorchidism. If treatment with LH RH is to obtain the same success rate as HCG in larger series it may combine the advantage of painlessness with no androgenic side effects. PMID- 37441 TI - Relevance of second messengers in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 37442 TI - Urinary calcium excretion in human beings. PMID- 37443 TI - Pathogenesis of experimental gastric-mucosal injury. PMID- 37444 TI - Alpha-adrenergic antagonists in asthmatic patients: a note of caution. PMID- 37445 TI - Effects of photochemical air pollution on the human eye--concerning eye irritation, tear lysozyme and tear pH. PMID- 37446 TI - Visualisation of 11C-flunitrazepam displacement in the brain of the live baboon. PMID- 37447 TI - Sheep fetal haematopoietic cells produce adult haemoglobin when transplanted in the adult animal. PMID- 37448 TI - Beta-adrenoreceptors determine affinity but not intrinsic activity of adenylate cyclase stimulants. PMID- 37449 TI - [Halcion, an innocent hypnotic?]. PMID- 37450 TI - [A new addiction problem--diethylallylacetamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 37451 TI - [A case of Lexotanil dependence. Case report on tranquilizer abuse]. PMID- 37452 TI - The role of thiamine in nervous tissue. AB - The possibility that thiamine (vitamin B1) has a role in nervous tissue that is independent of its well-documented coenzyme function is discussed. After reviewing the localization and metabolism of the vitamin and its phosphate esters, the effects of either thiamine deprivation or antimetabolites of thiamine on conduction and transmission, and the relationship between thiamine triphosphate and the genetic, neurological disease, subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy (Leigh's disease), it is suggested that despite the lack of hard evidence, it is likely that the vitamin possesses this alternate function. PMID- 37453 TI - Molecular weight of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from rat brain cytosol under normoxia and hypoxia. PMID- 37454 TI - In vitro regulation of ACTH release from neurointermediate lobe of rat hypophysis. II. Effect of neurotransmitters. AB - The effect of various neurotransmitters on adrenocorticitropic hormone (ACTH) release from superfused neurointermediate lobes of rat hypophysis (NIL) was investigated. Acetylcholine, serotonin, and histamine were shown to have no significant effect on the spontaneous release of ACTH. In contrast, dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) stimulated NIL ACTH release in a dose-dependent manner. The stimulating effect of DA was mimicked by apomorphine and inhibited by haloperidol, whereas that of NA was abolished by phentolamine. In a comparative study, none of these neurotransmitters is shown to have any significant stimulating effect on ACTH release from superfused anterior lobes. It is concluded that the ACTH release from NIL might be controlled, at least in part, by catecholaminergic innervation. PMID- 37455 TI - Action of androgenic steroids on brain neurotransmitters in rats. AB - The effects of androgenic steroids on the dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) contents of different brain regions have been studied in order to elucidate the possible involvement of neurotransmitters in the negative feedback action of androgens. Administration of testosterone propionate (TP); (100 micrograms/kg or 5 mg/kg, i.p.) increased plasma testosterones, which reached a maximum at about 30 min following injections. TP (100 micrograms/kg) decreased the DA level in the hypothalamus to a minimum after 30 min and returned to normal level after 120 min. There was no effect in the amygdala, striatum and mesencephalon. Subsequent to 5 mg/kg i.p. TP administration, the minimum in the DA level was observed between 90 and 120 min in the hypothalamus, and after 120 min in the amygdala, but the treatment was without effect in the striatum and mesencephalon. Both doses of TP were ineffective as regards for in altering NA and 5-HT levels in the brain areas studied. In a dose of 5 mg/kg, androgens of different activities, such as norandrostenolone, dihydrostestosterone and androstenedione, decreased the DA contents of the hypothalamus and amygdala regions, but pregnenolone was ineffective. None of the androgens affected the NA and 5-HT levels in the brain areas studied. The data suggest that some of the actions of androgens are mediated via a dopaminergic mechanism in which not only the hypothalamus but also the amygdala is involved. PMID- 37456 TI - The stimulatory effect of 5HT and the role of the paraventricular nucleus on PMS induced ovulation in the immature rat. AB - Immature rats can be induced to ovulate with pregnant mare serum (PMS) as long as they weigh over 60 g. In the rats weighing less than 60 g 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT)-60 micrograms/rat intraventricularly or 2 micrograms/rat in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN)-stimulated ovulation. Injections into several other hypothalamic nuclei were ineffective. In rats weighing greater than 60 g, lesions of the PVN or injection of 10 micrograms/rat p-chlorophenylalanine into the PVN inhibited ovulation. The hypothalamic levels of 5HT and 5-hydroxy indole acetic acid (5HIAA) were generally lower in the afternoon and evening in the less than 60 g when compared with the greater than 60 g rats. It is possible that increased 5HT activity is required to stimulate ovulation and that its site of action is the PVN. PMID- 37457 TI - Amphetamine anorexia: antagonism by typical but not atypical neuroleptics. PMID- 37459 TI - Fourth International Symposium on intracranial pressure. Williamsburg, Virginia June 10 to 14, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 37458 TI - Non-competitive nature of the antagonistic mechanism responsible for tolerance development to opiate-induced analgesia. PMID- 37460 TI - Monoamine metabolites in the CSF of epileptic patients. AB - To assess the possible role of amine neurotransmitters in human epilepsy, we measured metabolites of serotonin (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid [5-HIAA]), dopamine (homovanillic acid [HVA]), and norepinephrine (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol [MHPG]) in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with partial complex seizures and in neurologic controls. Untreated epileptic patients had lower concentrations of 5-HIAA and HVA in the lumbar CSF than the controls, but the differences were not statistically significant. Among epileptic patients receiving effective antiepileptic drug treatment, the HVA concentration was within the control range. Mean MHPG concentrations were similar in patients and controls. From the epileptic patients whose CSF was obtained at pneumoencephalography we obtained a second sample of CSF that was originally in the basal cisterns. No significant differences between treated and untreated patients were found for any of the three metabolites. The concentrations of HVA and 5-HIAA were higher in cisternal than in lumbar CSF, but there was no such gradient for MHPG. PMID- 37461 TI - [Labile hypertension. Circulatory syndrome with beta-receptor reactivity?]. PMID- 37462 TI - [Treatment of severe arterial hypertension with propyldazine (ISF 2123) associated with a diuretic and a beta-blocking agent]. PMID- 37463 TI - [Effect of metoprolol on systolic time in patients with stable angina pectoris]. PMID- 37464 TI - [Surgery of tumors of the endocrine pancreas. Result of a survey made in the Federal Republic of Germany]. AB - Within a ten-year scan (1967-1976) 207 insulinomas, 50 gastrinomas, 8 Verner Morrison tumours, 5 glucagonomas and 12 endocrine pancreatic tumours with associated MEA syndrome (multiple endocrine adenomatosis) were treated surgically at various university hospitals (information obtained by questionnaire). Half of the insulinomas were treated by enucleation, one third by resection of the tail of the pancreas. Total gastrectomy was the procedure of choice in 80% of patients with gastrinoma, but sometimes pancreatic resection to remove the tumour was added. An new therapeutic concept of using histamine-H2 receptor antagonists for treating patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is discussed. In the eight patients with a Verner-Morrison syndrome removal of the tumour or distal pancreatic resection was the procedure of choice. PMID- 37465 TI - Three types of membrane modulations during transmitter release in rat spinal cord synapses. AB - Protoplasmic fracture faces of vesicle attachment sites (VSA) in the presynaptic active zone of rat spinal motoneurons were classified morphologically on the basis of particle-to-membrane relationships. Intramembranous particles are absent in type 1, located around the edges of type 2 and covering the center of type 3. Application of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), which is known to enhance transmitter release, affected strikingly the total number of VAS (P less than 0.001) but not the percentage of the three types. It is postulated that the particle-free VAS (types 1 and 2) sharing 80--85% of VAS within the active zone, are related to exocytosis. The predominance of type 3 outside the active zone and its similarity to particle-loaded indentations possibly corresponding to coated vesicle formation, suggested that type 3 may represent endocytosis. PMID- 37466 TI - 172nd annual meeting of the Medical Society of the State of New York, 1978. Symposium. Medical Discipline: dealing with physicians who are unscrupulous, disabled, and/or incompetent. PMID- 37467 TI - Physician's assistant in geriatric medicine. PMID- 37468 TI - The effect of drugs on the lower urinary tract. PMID- 37469 TI - [Current views on the etiology, epidemiology and classification of traumatic dental injuries]. PMID- 37470 TI - Unexpectedly low incorporation of isotopic acetate into lipids of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells cultured in lipid-poor medium. AB - The present communication reports data on the lipid biosynthesis of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells grown in culture media supplemented with modified sera. Whereas the metabolisms of [14C]pyruvate and [14C]mevalonate are identical in all media tested, the incorporation of [14C] acetate is higher in medium with dialyzed serum than in medium with delipidized serum; it is suppressed in the absence of all lipids in culture medium. Cellular integrity is not impaired in modified media. The results indicate that acetyl-CoA synthetase of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells is not regulated by exogenous lipids as is known to be the case in nonmalignant cells. PMID- 37471 TI - Sickled erythrocytes, hyphema, and secondary glaucoma: VI. The relationship between intracameral blood cells and aqueous humor pH, PO2, and PCO2. AB - Injection of Hgb SC blood into rabbit anterior chambers resulted in lowering of aqueous humor pH and PO2 and elevation of aqueous humor PCO2. These effects appear to contribute to the sickling of erythrocytes that occurs in aqueous humor. PMID- 37472 TI - [Takayasu syndrome and pregnancy]. PMID- 37473 TI - Inhibitory effects of substantia nigra on impulse transmission from nociceptors. PMID- 37474 TI - Mitochondrial respiratory activity during early stage of pressure induced hypertrophy. An in situ study of rat left ventricular myocardium. PMID- 37475 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the annual meeting of the Royal College of Pathologists of Australia held in Canberra August 1978. PMID- 37476 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 17th annual conference of the Australian Association of Clinical Biochemists held in Adelaide, South Australia, November 1978. PMID- 37477 TI - Interpreting urinalysis in the newborn. PMID- 37478 TI - Symposium on pediatric endocrinology. PMID- 37479 TI - The testis. PMID- 37480 TI - Disorders of the adrenal medulla and multiple endocrine adenomatoses. PMID- 37482 TI - Symposium on public concerns of immunization. October 25-26, 1978. The United States Department of Commerce Auditorium Washington, D.C. PMID- 37481 TI - [Comprehensive treatment of vomiting in pregnant women using neuroleptics and parenteral feeding]. PMID- 37483 TI - [Algoneurodystrophy: treatment by betablockaders]. PMID- 37484 TI - [Spontaneous perirenal haematoma occurring during 1 familial mediterranean fever. 3 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A perirenal haematoma, associated with the presence of renal micro-aneurysms, developed in three patients with periodic syndrome. In one of the cases, the histology of a subcutaneous nodule confirmed the diagnosis of periarteritis nodosa. This emphasies the importance of vascular lesions in familial mediterranean fever. PMID- 37485 TI - [Competitive effect of 2 benzodiazepines: flunitrazepam and diazepam. Demonstration in humans]. PMID- 37486 TI - [Reno-vascular hypertension: prognosis variations according to the method; surgery, or medical treatment. Retrospective study of 114 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study made of 114 cases of renovascular hypertension was undertaken to compare the effectiveness of different types of treatment. In this series, with a follow-up of 18 months to 9 years, a favourable result with regard to blood pressure was obtained in 45% of cases with surgery, in 63% of cases with medical treatment and in 88% of cases if treatment included beta-blockers. Medical treatment represents a valid alternative to surgery in hypertension of this type, regardless of the amount of renin secretion and whatever the criteria of ischaemia. The choice of surgery as a method of treatment thus depends above all upon the age of patient, the type of stenosis and the anatomical risk represented by the vascular malformation. Despite the very spectacular results of medical treatment, it remains essential to seek a renal cause for hypertension, since many renal conditions which require specific treatment present with hypertension alone. PMID- 37487 TI - [The prognosis and treatment of pneumococcal meningitis in Africa. 402 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Over a period of 5 years (1973--1977), 1083 patients were hospitalised in the Infectious Disease Clinic of the Dakar University Hospital Centre with bacteriologically confirmed purulent meningitis. The pneumococcus was responsible in 462 cases (42.6%). Analysis of 402 records showed that 234 patients (58.2% of cases) died, 123 were completely cured (30.6%) whilst there were neurological sequelae in 45 cases (28% of the survivors). The chief factors in poor prognosis were the existence and depth of changes in conscious level, age over 20 years, a CSF cell count of less than 500 per mm3, a CSF protein level greater than 2 g per 1 and I CSF antigen level over 8 microgram per ml. From a therapeutic standpoint, the percentage mortality was similar with chloramphenicol and with penicillin G, but complete cures were statistically more frequent in the patients treated initially with chloramphenicol. PMID- 37488 TI - [Hydrogen ion secretion following kidney transplantation. Part I. Healthy subjects following unilateral nephrectomy]. PMID- 37489 TI - [Hydrogen ion secretion following kidney transplantation. Part II. Renal graft recipients: acidification with ammonium chloride]. PMID- 37490 TI - Clinical pathology. A symposium on the occasion of the 65th birthday of Hans U. Zollinger, held 26 November 1977. PMID- 37491 TI - [49th Congress of Polish Surgeons' Association in Torun]. PMID- 37492 TI - The advance of virology. Proceedings of a symposium held in honour of Sir Charles Stuart-Harris, 3 May 1978. PMID- 37493 TI - [An experimental and clinical study of the effect of ketotifen in the treatment of extrinsic bronchial asthma (author's transl)]. AB - The therapeutic value of ketotifen (Zaditen), a new anti-allergic drug, was studied in patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma. a) In 8 persons the protective effect on bronchial provocation tests with allergen was examined 3 and 14 days after treatment and compared with cromoglycate (Intal); b) 19 patients were treated for 6 months with 2 x 1 milligram ketotifen (n = 7), 2 x 2 mg ketotifen (n = 7), 2 x 1 mg clemastine (Tavegil) (n = 5). The results were as follows: a) The amount of inhaled allergen causing a fall of 20% in FEV1.0/VC was 9-12 times larger with both therapeutic regimens. b) Ketotifen definitely improved the asthmatic symptoms as compared with clemastine. The improvement was independent of the dosage. Side-effects occurred more frequently with clemastine. The study confirms the in vitro demonstrated anti-analphylactic properties of ketotifen; that it can be taken by mouth is of particular clinical interest. PMID- 37495 TI - Abstracts: fifth National Conference on High Blood Pressure Control. PMID- 37494 TI - [Autoimmune diseases in the lungs and pleura (author's transl)]. AB - Diseases of autoaggression can be produced if immunotolerance to endogenous tissue is lost. Such diseases become manifest in the pulmonary and pleura regions mainly within the framework of systemic diseases of the connective tissue (collagenoses) and of the vessels (angiitides). Lupus erythematodes disseminatus belongs to the first group which also includes rheumatoid arthritis, sclerodermia, and dermatomyositis, whereas panarteritis nodosa belongs to the second group, which comprises among others arteritis of the arteria pulmonalis, Wegener's granulomatosis, Goodpasture's syndrome and Ceelen's disease. Pleuropulmonary involvement is frequent in these systemic diseases; it is in fact the principal sign in Goodpasture's syndrome and in Ceelen's disease. PMID- 37496 TI - [L-asparatic acid synthesis from ammonium fumarate by free and immobilized Escherichia coli cells]. AB - E. coli 85 cells with a high aspartate-ammonia-lyase activity were immobilized through polyacrylamide gel incorporation. Proper conditions to assay aspartase activity of E. coli cells were developed. Kinetic patterns of aspartate-ammonia lyase reaction catalyzed by free and immobilized E. coli 85 cells were studied. The synthesis of L-aspartic acid from ammonium fumarate had the following characteristics: specific activity of (4--6) . 10(-5) mmole/mg.sec for free cells and (6--8) . 10(-5) mmole/mg.sec for immobilized cells with their content in polyacrylamide gel of 5--10 mg protein per g wet gelm pH 8.3--10.0. PMID- 37497 TI - [Dynamics of nisin accumulation in a culture of Streptococcus lactis]. AB - The dynamics of nisine accumulation by its producer Streptococcus lactis, str. MSU was studied. In the course of the producer cultivation on the liquid nutrient medium there was a correlation between total, cellular and filtrate nysine. The content of cellular nysine increased gradually to reach maximum by the 6th day of the strain cultivation. The content of filtrate nisine reached maximum on the 2nd day and declined two-fold by the 7th day of cultivation. PMID- 37498 TI - [Effect of alpha and beta receptor blockaders on the degree of glycemia, growth hormone content of blood and catecholamine excretion in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. AB - Glycemia, growth hormone level and urinary catecholamine excretion were studied in 182 patients suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during insulin therapy alone, and in 33 during treatment with insulin plus alpha- and beta adrenoblockers. Under the effect of alpha-adrenoblockers glycemia proved to fall in the insulin-dependent patients, without increasing the insulin dose. The STH level diminished in these patients under the effect of alpha-adrenoblockers, even when glycemia persisted at the same level. But beta-adrenoblockers aggravated decompensation and the STH level remained unchanged. alpha and beta adrenoblockers decreased the urinary adrenaline excretion and elevated noradrenaline, dophamine and DOPA excretion, irrespective of blood glycemia. The authors recommend the use of alpha-adrenoblockers to prevent the necessity of a considerable elevation of insulin doses during compensation in patients with the insulin-resistant form of diabetes mellitus. beta-adrenoblockers are not recommended in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 37499 TI - [Change in the lactotropic function of the adenohypophysis and the system of its regulation in rats after thyroidectomy]. AB - The prolaction content in the adenohypophysis decreased more than two-fold, and its biosynthesis and release were significantly intensified in deficiency of thyroid hormones. The study of the hypothalamus and epiphysis links controlling the lactotropic function of the hypophysis demonstrated that the biosynthesis and release of prolactin were not inhibited after thyroidectomy. On the 13th--14th postoperative day no irreversible changes were revealed in the hypothalamic links of the control of this function, since it responded to prolactin administration to the experimental animals. PMID- 37500 TI - [Polarographic method of determining formaldehyde in air]. AB - A rapid polarographic method for determination of formaldehyde microconcentrations in air has been developed. The method is highly sensitive - 0,5 cg/ml, which is 10 times higher than the sensitivity of the known methods now at use, with standard deviation less than 1.0. It is formaldehyde-selective - other saturated and unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, phenol, furfurol etc. do not interfere the determination. Sampling takes 15-20 min, polarographic analysis - 1 to 2 min. The method has been tested under conditions of production and proved to be highly reproducible and comparable with the colorimetric chromotropic acid technique. PMID- 37501 TI - Reactions of cysteamine and other amine metabolites with glyoxylate and oxygen catalyzed by mammalian D-amino acid oxidase. AB - Pig kidney D-amino acid oxidase [D-amino-acid:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating), EC 1.4.3.3] catalyzes a rapid uptake of oxygen when high concentrations (50-100 mM) of glyoxylate and the following amines are present under usual assay conditions (pH 8.3): cysteamine, 2-aminoethanol, putrescine, D,L-1-amino-2-propanol, D,L-2-amino-1-propanol, 3-amino-1-propanol, D,L octopamine, ethylenediamine, and L-cysteine ethyl ester. Notable physiological amines that do not support a rapid O2 reaction under the above conditions include histamine, serotonin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, spermidine, spermine, and cadaverine. A more detailed kinetic investigation of the reactions involving the first four reactive amines listed above indicated that the cysteamine reaction proceeds at a rapid rate even when cysteamine and glyoxylate are present at less than millimolar concentrations, but greater than millimolar concentrations are needed in the other amine reactions in order to observe a reasonable rate. At low concentrations and pH 7.4, the cysteamine-glyoxylate substrate (presumably thiazolidine-2-carboxylic acid) reacts an order of magnitude faster than any other known D-amino acid oxidase substrate. Considerable circumstantial evidence suggests that the reaction involving cysteamine is occurring physiologically, but the reactions of other amines would be occurring in the cell at a very low rate, if at all. It is proposed that the product of the enzymic reaction may be a metabolic effector that can modify the reactivity of proteins or nucleic acids by covalent attachment. PMID- 37502 TI - Increased levels of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate in Tetrahymena stimulated by glucose and mediated by Ca2+ and epinephrine. AB - Stationary phase Tetrahymena cells exposed to 0.5-1% glucose experience an 8-fold increase in intracellular cyclic AMP within 1 hr. The increase follows an enhanced uptake of Ca2+ triggered by the glucose addition. Inhibiting the Ca2+ influx with ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid blocks the increase in cyclic AMP, but the block can be reversed by the addition of epinephrine. Both this epinephrine effect and the glucose-induced increase in cyclic AMP are counteracted by the beta-adrenergic inhibitor dichloroisoproterenol. PMID- 37503 TI - Conversion of glutathione to glutathione disulfide by cell membrane-bound oxidase activity. AB - An apparently specific glutathione oxidase activity is present in renal cortex, epididymal caput, jejunal villus tip cells, choroid plexus, and retina (but not in liver). The activity is membrane-bound and is localized on the luminal surface of the brush border membranes of the kidney and jejunum. The distribution and localization of the oxidase are similar to those of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, suggesting that there is a significant relationship among the translocation of intracellular glutathione, the extracellular oxidation of glutathione to glutathione disulfide, and the reactions of the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Thus, both glutathione present in the blood plasma and intracellular glutathione translocated to the cell surface are accessible to oxidation and transpeptidation. Acceptor substrates of the transpeptidase (e.g., L amino acids) promote transpeptidation and decrease oxidation of glutathione. Conversion of glutathione to glutathione disulfide is followed by utilization of the latter compound by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and dipeptidase. Although intracellular oxidation of glutathione to glutathione disulfide is readily reversed by the action of glutathione reductase, glutathione disulfide formed extracellularly cannot be reduced; instead, it undergoes hydrolytic and transpeptidation reactions leading to gamma-glutamyl amino acid and amino acid products which may be recovered by being transported into the cell. PMID- 37504 TI - Mitrochondrial NADH dehydrogenase in cystic fibrosis. AB - We have shown that skin fibroblast from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and from carriers for CF [heterozygotes (HZ)] consume more O2 than do their controls. When the mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor rotenone was added to the cells, the relative inhibition of O2 consumption was CF greater than HZ greater than controls (P less than 0.005 in both comparisons). Because rotenone specifically inhibits NADH dehydrogenase, [NADH: (acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.99.3], which is the enzyme of energy-conserving site 1 of the mitochondrial electron transport system, activity and kinetics of this enzyme system were studied in fibroblast homogenates. NADH dehydrogenase activity was equal in cells from the three genotypes. At pH 8.0, affinity of the enzyme for its substrate was CF greater than HZ = controls; at pH 8.6, affinity was CF greater than HZ = controls (P less than 0.005 for the differences). pH optima for the genotypes were without exception 8.6 (CF), 8.3 (HZ), and 8.0 (control). HZ and control lines were distinguished unequivocally in a blind test on the basis of differences in pH optima. Purified mitochondrial preparations revealed pH optima identical to those found in whole cell homogenates. These data suggest that the mutant gene responsible for CF is expressed in the complex mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase system. PMID- 37505 TI - The Nutrition Society. Symposium on "Protein-calorie malnutrition", 1978. PMID- 37506 TI - The Nutrition Society. Symposium on "Anti-nutritional factors", 1978. PMID- 37507 TI - Inactivation of vitamins. PMID- 37508 TI - The Nutrition Society. Symposium on "Nutrition--value for money", 1978. PMID- 37509 TI - Address of the President Lord Todd, O.M. at the Anniversary Meeting, 30 November 1978: Award of Medals 1978. PMID- 37510 TI - Exocytotic shedding and glial uptake of photoreceptor membrane by a salticid spider. AB - Receptors in the anterior lateral eyes of salticid spiders possess paired rhabdomeres. The tips of the rhabdomeral microvilli lie adjacent to non-pigmented glial processes. Photoreceptor membrane is lost during turnover by a hitherto undescribed process: individual microvilli lengthen at their tips, taper, and are received by corresponding, coated endocytotic pits in the glial membrane. Pits detach as coated vesicles with coherent fragments of microvilli within them, lose their coats, and accumulate in the glial processes as disorderly membranous detritus. Some microvillus membrane disintegrates before local endocytosis, and appears to get into the glial arms distant from the parent rhabdomere by invaginations which are either endocytotic clefts or a tubulo-cisternal system, but whose precise nature is not yet clear. No photoreceptor membrane is lost by pinocytosis into the receptor cytoplasm. Analogies between the behaviour of this system and the phagocytosis of shed vertebrate photoreceptor membrane are briefly discussed. PMID- 37511 TI - Structure and histogenesis of tooth plates in Sagenodus inaequalis Owen considered in relation to the phylogeny of post-Devonian dipnoans. AB - The histology of tooth plates of Sagenodus inaequalis has been investigated to obtain information on the histogenesis of the tissue. The histological mechanisms of growth and replacement of the tooth plate are described in terms of an increase in area of the tooth plate by addition of denticles to the lateral margins of the ridges, replacement of worn dentine at the tritoral surface by basal growth of dentine and invasive growth of dentine into the surrounding bone at the anterior and medial margins. The histogenesis of a specialized character for dipnoans is described, namely hypermineralized dentine, or petrodentine, within the tooth plates. This has placed an advanced character further back in the phylogenetic organization of dipnoans than was previously recognized. The implications of these observations are discussed in relation to proposed phylogenies and previous observations on tooth plates of other dipnoans. It is concluded that Sagenodus inaequalis shared a common ancestor with both the ceratondontids and the lepidosirenids. A sequence is proposed for the phyletic relationship of tooth plate-bearing dipnoans. From a consideration of the features of histogenesis of this specialized dentine, the alternative terminologies are reviewed and petrodentine (Lison 1941) chosen for the hypermineralized dentine and syndentine (Thomasset 1928) as the collective term for the entire mass of dentine in the tooth plate. PMID- 37512 TI - The effect of destroying the whisker follicles in mice on the sensory nerve, the thalamocortical radiation and cortical barrel development. AB - Electrolytic destruction of whisker follicles in mice on the day of birth has been found to cause degeneration in the sensory nerve fibres supplying the follicles. The severity of the degeneration has been assessed in animals between 2 and 20 days old by counting the total number of myelinated fibres in the maxillary nerves on both normal and lesioned sides. The degeneration is apparent after 2 days and by 20 days the nerve on the lesioned side contains only 38% of the normal fibre content. This degeneration has also been shown to involve the trigeminal root, central to the ganglion. In addition, the lesioning procedure modifies the terminations of thalamocortical fibres in the barrel region of the sensory cortex. These terminations are normally in clusters, each corresponding to a barrel, but, after lesioning the follicles, the terminals appear to be evenly distributed in layer IV and cortical barrel structures no longer develop. In postnatal mice, electrolytic destruction of whisker follicles had less effect upon maxillary nerve fibres and cortical barrels. The number of myelinated axons surviving until day 20 increased progressively with later lesioning to reach nearly 80% of the control level when lesions were made on day 10. Cortical barrels became secure earlier than the maxillary nerve, for a normal number of cortical barrels was present at day 12 when follicles were destroyed on day 4. The implications of these results for the formation of cortical barrels is discussed. PMID- 37513 TI - Developmental and ultrastructural observations on two stalked marine choanoflagellates, Acanthoecopsis spiculifera Norris and Acanthoeca spectabilis Ellis. AB - Acanthoecopsis spiculifera and Acanthoeca spectabilis are stalked, loricate choanoflagellates found in littoral sea water pools. The two taxa are distinguished from each other by the arrangement of costae forming the lorica chamber. In addition, Acanthoecopsis spiculifera usually has a longer stalk and may be colonial, consisting of two or more attached individuals. Division in Acanthoeca results in the production of a juvenile, flagellated, protoplast without a lorica. After separation, the juvenile protoplast swims away, settles down and produces an accumulation of costal strips. When sufficient strips have been produced the lorica is rapidly assembled. PMID- 37514 TI - Radar-based studies of the migratory flight of grasshoppers in the middle Niger area of Mali. AB - Some grasshopper species are pests of subsistence agriculture in the Sahelian zone of West Africa. Formulation of effective control strategies against these pests requires some knowledge of their migratory ability. In this paper a study is described in which radar was used to observe aspects of the nocturnal migratory behaviour of grasshoppers in the middle Niger delta. Mass take-off at dusk, layering and common orientation were regularly observed. Layering appeared to be related to air temperature. Mean orientation was often downwind but at other times crosswind headings occurred which added to the southerly component of the insects' displacement. Probable source areas of insects overflying the radar were identified by calculations of the insects' back-trajectories. PMID- 37515 TI - Trophoblast transferrin and transferrin receptors in the host--parasite relationship of human pregnancy. AB - Transferrin and specific transferrin receptors are demonstrated on the microvillous surface of syncytiotrophoblast in human immature and term placentae by immuno histological techniques with the use of light and electron microscopy. That the distribution of transferrin is limited to the materno-foetal interface supports the hypothesis that binding of maternal transferrin to trophoblast receptors is involved in the process of iron transport to the foetus. Parallel studies with baboon placentae demonstrate the presence of trophoblast receptors which bind both baboon and human transferrin, thereby putting forward an experimental model which might be used to test the biological significance of placental transferrin receptors in primates. In addition, investigation of a large number of human cell lines shows that many transformed cells, but no normal cells (such as blood lymphocytes) or cells from primary culture (such as neonatal foreskin fibroblasts), possess the ability to bind transferrin to their membranes. These findings suggest that transferrin receptors may play important biological roles in addition to that of iron transport from mother to foetus. One such role could be the limitation of iron in intervillous spaces, thus depriving iron-requiring microorganisms of iron, hence serving as a non-specific factor of resistance for placentae. Another role for foetal transferrin receptors on trophoblasts could be to bind maternal transferrin at the materno-foetal interface, thus frustrating maternal immunosurveillance. This is similar to a mechahism used by schistosomes in the host-parasite relation where host proteins are bound by the parasite to escape immunological recognition. The presence of transferrin receptors on transformed cells suggests that this mechanism might also be employed by tumour cells. Finally, in view of previous studies which show that transferrin is required by stimulated lymphocytes to pass from the G1 to the S phase of cellular replication, it is proposed that trophoblast transferrin receptors could limit the amount of transferrin in intervillous spaces and thus impede the proliferation and possible cytotoxicity of maternal activated lymphocytes at the materno-foetal interface. PMID- 37516 TI - Intracellular potassium ion activity in resting and stimulated mouse pancreas and submandibular gland. AB - Intracellular potassium ion activities (aiK+) and membrane potentials were measured with double-barrelled, potassium-specific microelectrodes in superfused mouse pancreas and submandibular gland. Stimulation with the cholinergic agonist bethanechol caused a marked decrease in aiK+ in the submandibular gland, whereas no change in aiK+ could be detected in the pancreas. This indicates that bethanechol increases the permeability of the cell membranes to potassium ions in the submandibular gland but not in the pancreas. Pancreatic acinar cells hyperpolarized promptly when the extracellular potassium ion activity was restored after a prolonged period of potassium deprivation. In comparison, the recovery of aiK+ was a slow process. This finding gives support to the view that the hyperpolarization is due to electrogenic sodium pumping. PMID- 37517 TI - Further observations on Calliacantha Leadbeater Choanoflagellata), with special reference to C. simplex sp. nov. from many parts of the world. AB - C. simplex is a new species with an unusually wide geographical range, occurring at sea temperatures as varied as 0 degrees C under ice at Pt Barrow or -1 degrees C in arctic Canada, to 22 degrees C on the equator at the Galapagos Islands. The morphology and range of variation are illustrated by means of light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy applied to dry whole mounts prepared in situ from freshly-gathered wild material. Among the diagnostic structural features, special interest attaches to the position of the anterior transverse costa which is located unusually far back in comparison with other members of the genus; it is also shown to be within and not outside the ring of four longitudinal costae building up the lorica chamber, although this feature can only be ascertained by scanning. The differences between this species and C. natans (type species of the genus) are shown to be greater and to involve more characters than could previously have been recognized, and some possible functional implications are discussed in a preliminary way. PMID- 37518 TI - A computational theory of human stereo vision. AB - An algorithm is proposed for solving the stereoscopic matching problem. The algorithm consists of five steps: (1) Each image is filtered at different orientations with bar masks of four sizes that increase with eccentricity; the equivalent filters are one or two octaves wide. (2) Zero-crossings in the filtered images, which roughly correspond to edges, are localized. Positions of the ends of lines and edges are also found. (3) For each mask orientation and size, matching takes place between pairs of zero-crossings or terminationss of the same sign in the two images, for a range of disparities up to about the width of the mask's central region. (4) Wide masks can control vergence movements, thus causing small masks to come into correspondence. (5) When a correspondence is achieved, it is stored in a dynamic buffer, called the 2 1/2-D sketch. It is shown that this proposal provides a theoretical framework for most existing psychophysical and neurophysiological data about stereopsis. Several critical experimental predictions are also made, for instance about the size of Panum's area under various conditions. The results of such experiments would tell us whether, for example, cooperativity is necessary for the matching process. PMID- 37519 TI - Ultrastructure of graniferous tracheary elements in the haustorium of Exocarpus bidwillii, a root hemi-parasite of the Santalaceae. AB - The xylem in the body of the haustorium of E. bidwillii has the shape of an inverted conical flask with the expanded portion being known as the vascular core. The tracheary elements of the vascular core are notable for the occurrence of numerous granules within their lumina and the presence of mostly imperforate walls. Elsewhere in the haustorium graniferous tracheary elements are absent and the cells are usually ordinary vessel elements. Thin sections for transmission electron microscopy, post-stained in potassium permanganate, show that the secondary wall thickenings of the graniferous tracheary elements consist of eccentric layers in which the microfibrils of each successive layer run alternately longitudinally and transversely. The granules of the tracheary elements average 2 micrometer in diameter and consist of a homogeneous matrix which shows a fine fibrillar structure on high resolution. The granules are naked and mostly remain as separate structures within the lumen of the cell, but occasionally they fuse into small groups or irregular masses. In some cells the granules become transformed into fibrillar material that disperses throughout the lumen. This dispersed material may accumulate in vessels of the interrupted zone proximal to the vascular core. Occasionally, the granules also change into compacted amorphous masses that adhere to the walls of the cell. Ultrastructural cytochemistry confirms that the granules are protein and not starch as was originally believed for the Santalaceae. The function of the vascular core and its graniferous tracheary elements is discussed and we suggest that it might help regulate the pressure and flow of xylem sap entering the parasite from the host. Graniferous tracheary elements in the Santalaceae and in root parasites of the Serophulariaceae are compared and it is concluded that they represent examples of convergent evolution. PMID- 37520 TI - Differentiated regions of human placental cell surface associated with attachment of chorionic villi, phagocytosis of maternal erythrocytes and syncytiotrophoblast repair. AB - Scanning electron micrographs of human placental cell surface show: (1) Differentiated zones of trophoblast which may be covered by fewer 'microvilli' than the adjacent syncytial cell surface and which extend as a narrow, usually distal protrusion of the chorionic villus. This narrow outgrowth terminates as a fractured end. Presumably since preparations were obtained from therapeutic terminations of pregnancy or Caesarian deliveries these broken ends represent the yield point in the anchoring 'villi' ruptured as a result of surgery. Similar anchoring 'villi' with fractured ends were observed in unfixed material with the use of Nomarski interference contrast microscopy. (2) It appears that, during apparent phagocytic uptake of maternal erythrocytes by syncytiotrophoblast, cell surface lining the forming vacuole still retains an irregular microvillous surface. This observation indicates the potential location of phagocytosis receptors for red blood cells in the placental cell surface. (3) Areas of human placenta which appears to have been damaged and may be undergoing repair exhibit masses of cells with conspicuous microvillar cell surfaces. The origin of these cells is discussed in relation to the usual processes of syncytiotrophoblast formation. PMID- 37521 TI - Stress distribution in the scapula studied by neutron diffraction. AB - High intensity neutron beams provide a method of measuring the preferred orientation of apatite crystals in bulk samples of bone. Measurements at seven different sites on the scapula show that the c axes of the crystals lie preferentially along the directions of pull of the attached muscles. The highest orientation is found at positions under the influence of only a single group of muscles, such as M. teres major or M. infraspinatus. In intermediate regions a multiple distribution of crystals is found, able to withstand stresses in more than one direction. The technique provides a method of assessing the distribution of stress in bones. PMID- 37522 TI - The ganglion cell layer of the retina of the rat: a Golgi study. AB - In whole-mounts of Golgi stained rat retinae four cell types are described in the ganglion cell layer. Three of these cell types are considered to be analogous to the alpha, delta and gamma cells described in the cat retina by Boycott & Wassle (1974). The fourth cell type is thoughtt to be a displaced amacrine cell. All the cell types described are present in all parts of the retina. There is no evidence for an increase in dendritic field size with increasing distance from the optic disk. PMID- 37523 TI - Further evidence of Na+ conductance in frog stomach in Cl- -free media. PMID- 37524 TI - Effect of electrical current on the secretory status and tissue potassium of amphibian fundic mucosa. PMID- 37525 TI - Two components of laetrile (mandelonitrile and cyanide) stimulate guanylate cyclase activity. PMID- 37526 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine: neuropharmacological characteristics as derived from stimulus generalization experiments. PMID- 37527 TI - An easily assembled and inexpensive apparatus for continuous monitoring of expired carbon dioxide concentrations in artificially ventilated animals. AB - An inexpensive and simple apparatus for monitoring expired carbon dioxide concentrations in artificially ventilated animal preparations is described. The system may be rapidly and easily constructed using a standard recording pH electrometer and a commercially available Pco2 electrode. This assembly has been proven to be an effective and sensitive means of monitoring CO2 levels, detecting changes in this gas within one-half percentage. PMID- 37528 TI - Hepatic membrance gamma-glutamyltransferase solubilization facilitated after administration of phenobarbital. PMID- 37529 TI - Are psychopharmacological effects of beta-adrenergic stimulants central or peripheral? PMID- 37530 TI - Adrenergic activity of ortho-, meta-, and para-octopamine. AB - DL-o-, and p-octopamine were tested for beta- and alpha-adrenergic activity in rats. When compared to DL-isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, all three isomers failed to show significant beta-adrenergic activity as assessed by intiation of thirst and by increase in tail skin temperature. All three isomers increased mean blood pressure in pentolinium-blocked rats. Of the three isomers, m-octopamine possessed the greatest alpha-adrenergic activity. When the responses were compared with those induced by L-norepinephrine, the order of activities was: 1:0.01 :0.0005 :0.0007 for norepinephrine, m-, p- and o-octopamine, respectively. Thus, DL-m-octopamine has about 1/100th the alpha-adrenergic activity of L-norepinephrine. PMID- 37531 TI - Latest advances in pharmaco-electroencephalography. Symposium in Basle/Switzerland, July 17-20, 1978. Part II. PMID- 37532 TI - Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs. PMID- 37533 TI - Mechanisms of action of transmitters and other substances on smooth muscle. PMID- 37534 TI - Distribution of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activity in the sheep and chicken digestive tract. AB - Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH, EC 1.4.1.3) and glutamine synthetase (GS, EC 6.3.1.2) activity were determined in the contents and tissues of the various parts of the sheep and chicken digestive tract, GLDH activity in the tissues of the sheep omasum, duodenum, rumen, reticulum, colon, caecum, jejunum and ileum ranged from 3.25+/-0.7 U (mumol/g dry weight . min) to 5.94+/-2.28 U; in the abomasum it was 9.67+/-1.27 U. GLDH activity in the contents of the ileum, abomasum, jejunum and duodenum varied from 0.85+/-0.19 U to 3.29+/-0.53 U and in the colon, caecum, reticulum, omasum and rumen from 6.34+/-2.64 U to 16.96+/-3.83 U. GS activity in the tissues of these parts of the digestive tract varied from 2.8+/-0.59 U to 8.6+/-1.4 U and their contents from 2.49+/-0.85 U to 10.76+/-2 U. GS activity in the contents of the colon was very low (0.26+/-0.07 U). In the tissues of the chicken duodenum, caecum, jejunum and ileum we found GLDH activity of 4.68+/-1.64 U to 7.96+/-1.73 U; in their contents it was 3.31+/-1.06 U to 3.8+/-0.73, but in the caecum it attained up to 66.7+/-24.3 U. GS activity was high from 57.6+/-2.0 U to 231+/-84 U in the tissues and 357+/-53 U to 383+/-76 U in the contents (in the caecum up to 2,500+/-233 U). The results show that conditions for the utilization of ammonia are present in the tissues and the contents in the whole of the sheep and chicken digestive apparatus. The hypothesis is confirmed that the different ability of ruminants and fowls to utilize ammonia formed from urea added to their feed, including ammonia formed by hydrolysis of blood urea, is due to the different GLDH and GS activity in their digestive tract as well as in their liver. PMID- 37535 TI - Spinal and supraspinal monoamine-sensitive components of embryonic motility. PMID- 37536 TI - Development of spontaneous motility in chick embryos. The effect of drugs influencing central aminergic systems. AB - The development of changes in spontaneous motor activity after the systemic administration of substances interfering with the function of central aminergic systems was studied in 11- to 19-day chick embryos. Reserpine was administered in a dose of 2.5 mg/kg egg weight, chlorpromazine in a dose of 3 mg/kg e.w. and dehydrobenzperidol in a dose of 6 mg/kg e.w. to the embryonal membranes. The effect of reserpine was studied for 4 hours and the effect of chlorpromazine and dehydrobenzperidol for 60 min after administration. None of the above substances produced significant changes in the frequency of spontaneous movements up to the 13th day of incubation. From the 15th day they began to depress spontaneous motility, the intensity and duration of which increased with the embryos' age. Reserpine had the strongest effect. The results are interpreted with reference to development of the participation of central aminergic systems in supraspinal control of spontaneous motility in chick embryos in the second half of embryogenesis. They are further evidence of the integration of aminergic systems after the 15th day of incubation. PMID- 37537 TI - Management of common infectious diseases without a physician. PMID- 37538 TI - [Sociopsychiatric treatment combination in patients who are partly inpatients and genuine outpatients: definition and comparison (author's transl)]. AB - The article gives a definition and brief description of those possibilities of treatment which are important in the sociopsychiatric therapy of psychoses: sociotherapy, therapy with neuroleptics, and psychotherapy as such, as well as their various combinations. Basing on a representative random trial from the fields of outpatient and nightpatient wards, the distribution of therapeutic potential among these combinations is described and outlined in a manner customary for the work bone by the Zurich Sociopsychiatric Service. It is evident, despite the fact that the work performed at our hospital is basically of the psychotherapeutic nature, patients can be rehabilitated with a lower level of neuroleptics provided sufficient sociotherapeutic measures are offered, including satisfactory psychotherapeutic efforts--the chances of meeting these demands being greater in our night ward. Patients who cannot be fully rehabilitated but more or less integrated, did not show such obvious differences, whereas the more intense sociotherapeutic programme of the nigth ward enabled the reintegration even of the nigth ward enabled the reintegration even of more seriously disturbed patients than could be achieved by mere outpatient follow-up treatment. PMID- 37539 TI - [Therapy on an admission ward in a state mental hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 37540 TI - Method for evaluation of neuroleptic dosage reduction. PMID- 37541 TI - The Geller-Seifter conflict paradigm with incremental shock. AB - The typical Geller-Seifter conflict paradigm for predicting clinical efficacy of anxiolytics is a mult VI/CRF schedule in which response rates in the CRF (conflict) portion are depressed by response-contingent electric shock. In 1-h sessions, anxiolytics raise the depressed conflict rates. Recently it was shown that replacing the single shock level with an arrangement whereby shock begins at zero and is increased with each response in the conflict portion produced more orderly data and facilitated training and maintenance of experimental subjects; chlordiazepoxide was the test drug. In the present study, those results are replicated in 30-min sessions, and the incremental paradigm is demonstrated to be as specific for anxiolytics as the standard Geller-Seifter paradigm. The possibility of very short sessions is suggested. PMID- 37542 TI - Bedtime flurazepam and the human circadian rhythm of spontaneous motility. AB - Sixteen male students received bedtime placebo and flurazepam 30 mg at home in a counter-balanced double-blind, crossover design. For 24 h after each treatment the subjects' spontaneous motor activity was recorded each 15 min with an unobtrusive actometer, worn as the subjects attended classes. The circadian activity curves were submitted to cosinor analyses. The 24 h post-flurazepam activity was a mean of 15.1% lower than post-placebo activity (P less than 0.025). On the average, both the nocturnal through and the daytime peak of motility dropped; the latter change was greater, reducing by a mean of 19.4% the amplitude of the circadian rhythm of activity (P greater than 0.01). the timing, or phase, of the rhythm was not shifted. Although the drug did not consistently modify reports of subjective feelings on the Profile of Mood States (POMS), 13 subjects correctly discriminated drug from placebo sessions (P less than 0.05). A bedtime dose of 30 mg of flurazepam appears to significantly reduce spontaneous human motility that night and during the next day. Activity recording revealed an important residual, behavioral effect of the drug which was not reflected in POMS reports of subjective feelings, suggesting that activity recording may provide a more sensitive measure for psychotropic drug effects. PMID- 37543 TI - A pharmacologic study of analgesia produced by stimulation of the nucleus locus coeruleus. AB - Pharmacologic studies of analgesia produced by stimulation of the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) were conducted using the rat hot-plate test. A correlation between self-stimulation and analgesia produced by stimulation of LC was found. Analgesia produced by LC stimulation was attenuated by naloxone, a morphine antagonist, cyproheptidine, a serotonin antagonist, and WB-4101, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. The analgesia was absent in 6-OHDA-treated rats. Catecholamine synthesis inhibition by a combination of reserpine and AMT or more specific inhibition of noradrenaline synthesis by DDC elevated latency to paw lick and yet did not affect stimulation-produced analgesia. It is suggested that morphinergic, serotonergic, and alpha-adrenergic mechanisms mediate LC stimulation produced analgesia. PMID- 37545 TI - [The gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) as an index for the diagnosis of chronic alcoholic cholestatic hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - The GGTP is an enzyme localized, in the liver cell, inside microsome. At beginning the use of the GGTP was introduced for the diagnosis of chronic hepatitis; after it was noted as this was steady increased in the cholestasis and in the alcoholism. We have, hence, wanted to experiment if the changing of the level of the GGTP allowed to us a diagnosis of chronic alcoholic hepatitis. Our research is based on seventy-five patients with several liver diseases. It has been noted as the highest levels of the GGTP have appeared in cases of chronic alcoholic hepatitis with signs, histologicals and biochemicals, o cholestasis. In fact we have, on overage, levels of 955 mU/ml in the chronic alcoholic hepatitis with signs of cholestasis and of 135 mU/ml in that without it. In conclusion the GGTP is a good index for the diagnosis of chronic alcoholic cholestatic hepatitis. PMID- 37544 TI - GABAergic and glycinergic mechanisms within the substantia nigra: pharmacological specificity of dopamine-independent contralateral turning behavior and interactions with other neurotransmitters. AB - The pharmacological specificity of the GABA agonist muscimol-induced contralateral turning behavior after unilateral injection into substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNR) has been studied. Muscimol-induced turning was antagonized by intranigral bicuculline methochloride (BMC) and picrotoxin, whereas antagonists of glycine, morphine, dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin were ineffective. Glycine induced a qualitatively similar turning behavior which was strychnine-sensitive but relatively BMC and picrotoxin-insensitive. Other drugs, including substance P, kainic acid, clonidine, oxymetazoline, serotonin, and carbachol, induced turning that could be dissociated from the effect of muscimol. Muscimol-induced turning was dopamine-independent, indicated by resistance to haloperidol (1 mg/kg), to pretreatment with reserpine (7.5 mg/kg) plus alpha methyl-p-tyrosine (200 mg/kg), to haloperidol injections into the SNR, striatum and nucleus accumbens, and finally to kainic acid lesions of the striatum. 6 Hydroxydopamine lesions increased the efficacy of intranigral muscimol, while kainic acid lesions of the SNR antagonized muscimol. Muscimol-induced turning was inhibited by oxotremorine (0.25 mg/kg), by intranigral carbachol, and by apomorphine (0.1--0.5 mg/kg), but only moderately by intranigrally injected apomorphine. These data suggest specificity of GABA-agonist-induced contralateral turning and indicate an interaction between nigral GABA and other neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and acetylcholine. PMID- 37546 TI - [The determination of phosphohexose isomerase in patients with cancer of breast and uterus. A comparison with other tests (author's transl)]. AB - The levels of PHI are evaluated in 94 patients, who are classified by histological, scintigraphycal, radiological, biochemical and clinical test in: 16 patients, who suffer from some premalignant lesions of breast and uterus, 15 patients, who suffer from cancer of breast without metastases, 20 patients who suffer from cancer of breast with metastases, 18 patients who suffer from with cancer of uterus without metastases, 25 patients who suffer from cancer of uterus with metastases. The PHI activity is also evaluated in relation to the activity of other enzymes (LDH, AIP, G-GT). It has been revealed that: a) the PHI activity keeps within limits of normal value in patients who suffer from some pre malignant lesions; b) all the patients suffer from cancer of breast without metastases show normal levels of PHI; c) in the patients with cancer of breast with metastases: 5 patients show normal levels of PHI, 5 patients show levels of PHI within limits, certainly 10 patients show pathological levels; d) in patients with cancer of uterus without metastases the value of enzymes results pathological in 6 patients, 6 patients show levels of PHI within limits that are above average and 6 patients show normal levels of PHI; e) the value of PHI always results high in patients with cancer of uterus with metastases. PMID- 37547 TI - [Effect of x-ray irradiation on the soluble proteins of the gastric mucosa]. PMID- 37548 TI - [Action of gamma radiation in the presence of serotonin on the spectral properties of oxyhemoglobin solutions with different pHs]. PMID- 37549 TI - [Patterns in the development of a nonspecific cellular reaction and the modification of chemical protection. 1. The dependence of the development of a nonspecific cellular reaction on the conditions of cysteamine and caffeine benzoate exposure and its explanation]. PMID- 37550 TI - [The effect of glycolysis stimulation and thereby produced tumor overacidification on cancer cell proliferation. Basic questions of cancer therapy]. PMID- 37551 TI - Evaluation of pH monitoring as a method of processor control. AB - Sensitometry and pH values of the developer solution were compared in controlled over-replenishment, developer depletion, fixer contamination experiments, and on a daily quality control basis. The purpose of these comparisons was to evaluate the potential of pH monitoring as a method of processor control, or a supplement to sensitometry as a method of quality control. Reasonable correlation was found between pH values and film density in two of the three experiments but little or no correlation was found in the third experiment and on a day-to-day basis. The conclusion drawn from these comparisons is that pH monitoring has several limitations which render it unsuitable as a method of daily processor quality control as either a primary or supplementary technique. Sensitometry takes into account all the variables encountered in film processing and is the clear method of choice for processor quality control. PMID- 37552 TI - Pre-soldering of ceramic precious metal alloys. PMID- 37553 TI - Soluble trehalase from Panstrongylus megistus Burm.(Reduviidae, Triatominae). PMID- 37554 TI - [Influence of alpha and beta blocking agents on recovery of intestinal transit and postoperative complications in aged patients]. AB - Following the recovery of intestinal peristaltic movements in medium and advanced age patients in whom major surgery had been performed, after an adequate preparation with and blocking agents, as compared with the control group, a shortening was noted, of the intestinal paresis period in both age groups. The early recovery of intestinal transit had positive effects on the postoperative evolution of the patients, especially in the aged ones, and allowed for an early resumption of oral alimentation, reducing abdominal meteorization, as well as the number and the severity of local and general complications. PMID- 37555 TI - [Changes of gamma glutamyl-transpeptidase in hepatopathies]. PMID- 37556 TI - [Hormones and the central nervous system]. PMID- 37557 TI - [Comparative study of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase and bovine liver xanthine oxidase. dehydrogenase activity of xanthine oxidase (author's transl)]. AB - A method to purify bovine liver xanthine oxidase in described, with which samples of 256-fold specific activity with respect to the initial homogenate are obtained. Bovine liver xanthine oxidase and chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase with oxygen as electron acceptor exhibit similar profile in pKM and log V versus pH plots. With NAD+ as electron acceptor a different profile in the pKM xanthine plot is obtained for chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase. However three inflection points at the same pH values appear in all plots. Both enzymes are irreversibly inhibited by pCMB and reversibly by N-ethylmaleimide and by iodoacetamide, with competitive and uncompetitive type inhibitions respectively. These results suggest that NAD+ alters the enzymatic action since its binding to the enzyme antecedes the binding of xanthine to the xanthine oxidase molecule, without undergoing itself any modification. 0.15 M DDT of DTE treatment of bovine liver xanthine oxidase gives to the enzyme a permanent activity with NAD+ without modifying its activity with oxygen. The enzyme thus treated produces parallel straight lines in Lineweaver-Burk plots. PMID- 37558 TI - DDT-induced myoclonus: serotonin and alpha noradrenergic interaction. AB - p,p'-DDT (600 mg/kg) produces myoclonic activity in mice which can be reduced by L-5-hydroxytryptophan (L-5HTP) (200 mg/kg), H75/12 (25 mg/kg), serotonin uptake blockers and two alpha-receptor blockers, phenoxybenzamine (5 mg/kg) and trazodone (5 mg/kg). Decreasing endogenous brain serotonin by pretreatment with p chlorophenylalanine (400 mg/kg i.p.) blocked the antimyoclonic action of all of these drugs except L-5HTP. Seven other alpha-receptor blockers (phentolamine, tolazoline, yohimbine, azapetine, aceperone, nicergoline and prazosin) potentiated the antimyoclonic activity of a small dose of L-5HTP (50 mg/kg) in this animal model. We postulate that an alpha noradrenergic inhibitory synapse may be located in the neural circuit connecting a serotonergic neuron to the final motor response (p,p'-DDT-induced myoclonus). PMID- 37559 TI - An in vitro rat liver microsomal system for conjugating fatty acids to 11-hydroxy delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol. AB - We have previously identified long-retained metabolites of delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) and delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 8-THC) in the rat as fatty acid conjugates of 11-hydroxy-delta 9-THC and 11-hydroxy delta 8-THC. These metabolites can be produced in vitro using a rat liver microsomal energy-dependent esterase system. PMID- 37560 TI - Influence of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis on volume of distribution of theophylline in dogs. AB - The volume of distribution of theophylline at nomal pH, and following induction of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, was studied in four dogs in a three-way crossover design. Although serum half-lives of theophylline varied widely, and acidemia prolonged the time required for distribution equilibration, the volumes of distribution were almost identical for each of the three experimental conditions assuming one compartment pharmacokinetics apply. PMID- 37561 TI - Morphine lethality in rats: effects of various central receptor blocking agents. AB - A previous report of a lethal potentiation between sublethal doses of morphine and the beta-adrenergic blocker propranolol was confirmed for Sprague-Dawley rats. An alpha-adrenergic blocker, phentolamine, also showed a lesser but significant potentiation, as did a moderate dose of atropine. No synergism was noted between morphine and methylatropine, haloperidol or methysergide. Phentolamine and a lower dose of atropine, which did not synergize with morphine, both added significantly to the lethality of the combination of morphine and propranolol, whereas methylatropine, haloperidol and methysergide had no significant effect to synergize or antagonize mortality. PMID- 37562 TI - Biochemical evidence of cocarcinogenesis: tumor promoting agent enhances methylnitrosourea activation of rat guanylate cyclase activity. AB - The two-stage or cocarcinogenic hypothesis of carcinogenesis involves an initiator (carcinogen) and a promotor (cocarcinogen) being utilized in combination to produce more tumors than either would alone. This theory was tested at the cellular level utilizing Tumor Promoting Agent, 12-0-tetradecanoly phorbol-13-acetate, (promotor) in combination with submaximal and maximal doses of methylnitrosourea (initiator). Tumor promoting agent, which can cause some tumors itself, was found to enhance the activity of guanylate cyclase (E.C.4.6.1.2.), an enzyme that has been associated with normal and abnormal growth. Tumor promoting agent when utilized in combination with submaximal stimulatory doses of methylnitrosourea had an additive effect on guanylate cyclase activity, but the agent had no further additive effect on guanylate cyclase activation when methylnitrosourea was utilized in maximal stimulatory doses. These results indicate a carcinogen acting alone without a promoter can maximally activate guanylate cyclase and would suggest that at the cellular level a promotor is not absolutely necessary for the changes observed morphologically in canerous cells. The promotor, however, did enhance the enzyme's activity when a submaximal dose of the carcinogen was used indicating that promoting agents, at least biochemically, appear capable of potentially contributing to the development of a cancerous cell. PMID- 37563 TI - [Beta-blocker (author's transl]. PMID- 37564 TI - [Liver diseases caused by iron overloading]. PMID- 37565 TI - [Encephalopathic manifestations of chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 37566 TI - [The Holter method of diagnosis of arrhythmias in ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 37567 TI - [Biology of the myocardium in some conditions of acute ischemia and revascularization]. PMID- 37568 TI - [Atrial electric stimulation in the arrest of atrial flutter]. PMID- 37569 TI - [Right branch hemiblocks]. PMID- 37570 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of plasma digoxin in the diagnosis of digitalis intoxication]. PMID- 37571 TI - [Scintigraphic aspects of hepatic steatosis. Histologic and endoscopic correlations]. PMID- 37572 TI - [Effect of ethoxolamide on gastric acid secretion in man]. PMID- 37574 TI - [Possibilities and limitations in the diagnosis of clear-fluid pleurisy]. PMID- 37573 TI - [Clinico-radiological aspects of gastric sarcomas]. PMID- 37575 TI - [Myxoma of the left atrium]. PMID- 37576 TI - [Heterotopic cardiac transplantation]. PMID- 37577 TI - [Effects of strophanthin on ventricular dyskinesia in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 37578 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic considerations on non-lithiasic chronic cholecystitis]. PMID- 37579 TI - [Relations between chronic hepatitis and immunoglobulins]. PMID- 37580 TI - [Biochemical correlations in human acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 37581 TI - [Emergency and delayed endoscopy in upper digestive hemorrhages]. PMID- 37582 TI - [Study of the nutrition of students at the Bucharest University Center. I. Results of the nutrition survey of a sample of 782 students]. PMID- 37583 TI - [Quantitative changes in serum immunoglobulins (Ig) and complement (C3) in chronic pyelonephritis (CPN)]. PMID- 37584 TI - [Peculiarities of Ebstein's anomaly. Considerations on 2 cases]. PMID- 37586 TI - [Diffuse esophageal spasm]. PMID- 37585 TI - [Right branch block with left anterior hemiblock; transitory disappearance of the left anterior hemiblock]. PMID- 37587 TI - [Postoperative reversible renal insufficiency in renal artery stenosis]. PMID- 37589 TI - [Problems in chemotherapy of tuberculosis discussed at the World Conference of International Alliances against Tuberculosis (Brussels, 5-9 September 1978)]. PMID- 37588 TI - [Critical moments in evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 37590 TI - [Primary cryptorchism in male sterility (clinico-statistical evaluation of 30 cases treated with drug therapy]. PMID- 37591 TI - [The finalized work environment project]. PMID- 37593 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria with special reference to Bacteroides fragilis. AB - It was shown that recent Swedish clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria are susceptible to many antibiotics by the agar dilution method with the exception of the Bacteroides group versus beta-lactam antibiotics or tetracyclines. Strains of B. fragilis were inhibited by 4--greater than 128 micrograms benzylpenicillin or cephalothin/ml, 1.0--64 micrograms cefoxitin/ml, 0.064--2 micrograms clindamycin or metronidazole/ml, 2--8 micrograms chloramphenicol/ml, 2--16 micrograms fusidic acid/ml and 0.032--32 micrograms doxycycline/ml. Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was partly due to the production of beta-lactamase. Growth of beta lactamase producing strains in the presence of enzyme inhibitors such as clavulanic acid or CP-45899 together with cephaloridine lowered the MIC's manyfold. Cefoxitin with relative resistance to beta-lactamases inhibited the majority of the strains at 8 micrograms/ml. Cefoxitin-resistant strains (MIC greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) were also resistant to the new cephalosporins BL-S786 and HR-756 as well as to the new cefamycins A, B, CL619 183, CS-1170 and Sq-14359 and to thienamycin. Cefamycin CL619-183, only showed a slightly higher in vitro activity than cefoxitin. Resistance to the cefamycins could not be correlated to the production of beta-lactamases. PMID- 37592 TI - Upper respiratory tract spread of group B streptococci type I b in a kindergarten. AB - In a kindergarten with 42 children and 17 female staff members, an epidemic of group B streptococcal carriage in the upper respiratory tract occurred. In the middle of February 1978, 6 children and 5 adults carried type I b streptococci in the throat while only 2 of these 11 were carriers 2 weeks later. Only one other streptococcus, belonging to type II, was found in the throat specimens. Five strains other than type I b were found in the urogenital tract of the staff. Three type I b throat carriers were also urogenital carriers of this type. The spread of type I b streptococci could have resulted from co-spreading with other upper respiratory tract pathogens found, including group A streptococci of type 12. Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis and pneumococci. Estimation of antibodies with radiolabelled protein A indicated an immune response to type I b, but not to types I a, II or III group B streptococci in the staff compared with healthy blood donors. PMID- 37594 TI - Anaerobic pulmonary infections. AB - The main cause of anaerobic pulmonary infections is aspiration of saliva, upper airway secretions or gastric content. Predisposing conditions include prominent dental disease, chronic upper respiratory tract infections and reduced consciousness. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Bacteroides melaninogenicus and anaerobic Gram-positive cocci are the most frequently encountered organisms. The clinical presentations are lung abscess, lung gangrene and empyema, which all tend to take a slow and indolent course. Preferred localization are dependent lung segments, most often on the right side. For bacteriological examination in these infections, only transtracheal aspirate and aspirate from the lung or pleural space are considered adequate. In 26 cases of empyema treated in our hospital during the last 3 years, adequate specimens had been taken in 19. Fifteen had been adequately examined, and anaerobes were cultured in 6. Among 29 abscesses treated during the same period, adequate specimens had been taken in only 14, and 11 had been properly examined. Seven specimens grew anaerobes on culture. In prospective studies of transtracheal aspirate in 15 chronic bronchitics without emphysema, anaerobes were not demonstrated. In 11 patients with bronchiectasis, anaerobic bacteria were cultured in 3. Finally, no anaerobic bacteria could be demonstrated in the transtracheal aspirate from 76 patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. Anaerobic, pulmonary infections do not represent an intriguing medical problem in our region. However, knowledge of these infections is necessary to secure adequacy in collection of specimens and in their bacteriological examination. PMID- 37595 TI - Endorphins, dopamine, and schizophrenia. AB - The theory that alterations of dopaminergic synaptic transmission may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia is widely accepted. A more recent theory links the endorphin system to the etiology of schizophrenia. We propose that these two theories may be combined into a single model. Recent neurochemical and pharmacological findings have indicated close functional relationships between the endorphin and dopamine systems. Endorphins modulate dopaminergic synaptic transmission by exerting both presynaptic and postsynaptic effects. On the molecular level, this modulation may involve the activity of nucleotide cyclases and protein phosphorylation systems. Thus, the dopaminergic neuronal hyperactivity, currently believed to be related to schizophrenia, may be caused by a primary alteration in the endorphin system. Several hypotheses about the nature of that alteration have been advanced and tested in therapeutic experiments with schizophrenic patients. These experiments have not yet yielded definitive results. PMID- 37596 TI - Research in endorphins and schizophrenia. AB - It has been suggested that the newly discovered endogenous opiate peptides (called endorphins) might play a role in the symptoms of schizophrenia. The administration of narcotic antagonists provides both a test of the hypothesis and a potential treatment. In this article, we review the methods by which data have been gathered to test endorphin involvement in schizophrenia. Alternative strategies, which hold greater promise of producing conclusive positive or negative evidence, include exploitation of individual differences, use of psychophysiological measures, genetic strategies, and multivariate statistical techniques with larger sample sizes. PMID- 37597 TI - In search of treatment for tardive dyskinesia: review of the literature. AB - Studies on the treatments for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia published in the English literature until August 1978 are reviewed. There is a yet no single satisfactory method of treatment for tardive dyskinesia. Withdrawal of neuroleptics results in a remission of symptoms in younger and non-brain-damaged patients. Paradoxically, the most effective treatment for suppressing dyskinesia is administration of neuroleptics. The possibility that continued use of neuroleptics in dyskinesia patients produces irreversible brain damage remains to be validated (or invalidated). Anticholinergic and dopaminergic drugs are of no value in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. Cholinergic drugs have not lived up to their initial promising results in this condition. About one third of the dyskinetic subjects seem to respond to various nonspecific measures. Tardive dyskinesia probably consists of at least two subtypes-- reversible and persistent. Methodological aspects of earlier studies and possibilities for future research in this field are discussed. Suggestions for treatment of individual cases are also outlined. PMID- 37598 TI - A non-neuroleptic treatment for schizophrenia: analysis of the two-year postdischarge risk of relapse. AB - The efficacy of antipsychotic drug maintenance in reducing the risk of relapse among previously hospitalized schizophrenic patients has been well documented. However, data from an ongoing study comparing two cohorts of young first admission schizophrenics--one receiving neuroleptic-oriented treatment on the wards of a community mental health center (CMHC), the other an intensive interpersonal approach in a small homelike facility in the community (Soteria House)--raise questions about the routine use of neuroleptics with this population. Our questioning of this practice is based on data analyzed from these two cohorts by means of the life table, a statistical technique appropriate for longitudinal studies. Data are presented in two ways: (1) The overall effectiveness of the two independent treatment programs (Soteria, N = 32, vs. CMHC, N = 36) is compared in terms of the probabilities of not being readmitted over the 2-year postdischarge interval. (2) Analyses that look at the influence of the original treatment setting and postdischarge antipsychotic drug status on readmission rates are presented. Program comparisons reveal Soteria patients to have a consistently higher survival rate than CMHC patients throughout 2 years postdischarge. At 12 months postdischarge, the cumulative probability of remaining well (no readmissions) significantly favors the Soteria patients (p less than .05, Mantel chi2). The overall results of the Soteria program were achieved despite the fact that all CMHC patients received neuroleptics during their original inpatient stays and about 50 percent were maintained on neuroleptics up to the point of readmission or study termination, whereas only 10 percent of Soteria subjects were treated with or maintained on neuroleptics. The survival rates by postdischarge drug status and program affiliation show the Soteria no-drug group to have the highest proportion of survivors at almost every interval throughout 24 months, the CMHC drug-maintained group to have the lowest survival rate, and the CMHC unmaintained group to be surviving at a rate generally comparable to the Soteria no-drug group. PMID- 37599 TI - [Liver cirrhosis. Clinical and biological aspects]. AB - The symptoms of cirrhosis are inconsistent and appear late in the course of the disease. Laboratory tests are also of variable value; generally speaking, cytolysis is observed infrequently. The gamma-GT test is the most sensitive in alcoholic cirrhosis, but may be more an expression of the degree of alcoholism than of the hepatic lesion per se. In cirrhosis, the best diagnostic method is a combination of laparoscopy and puncture biopsy. Endoscopy permits diagnosis not only of the hepatic lesion but also of the complications which may ensure, such as portal hypertension and ascites. Alcoholic abstinence appears to improve the prognosis of alcoholic cirrhosis. The prognosis in this condition may, in fact, be better than has been suspected. PMID- 37600 TI - [The endogenous morphines]. PMID- 37601 TI - [Prazosin in the combined treatment of moderate to severe hypertension]. PMID- 37602 TI - Inosine may be an endogenous ligand for benzodiazepine receptors on cultured spinal neurons. AB - Mouse spinal neurons grown in tissue culture were used to study the membrane effects of the benzodiazepine flurazepam and the naturally occurring purine nucleoside inosine, which competes for benzodiazepine receptor sites in the central nervous system. Application of inosine elicited two types of transmitter like membrane effects: a rapidly desensitizing excitatory response and a nondesensitizing inhibitory response. Flurazepam produced a similar excitatory response which showed cross-desensitization with the purine excitation. Flurazepam also blocked the inhibitory inosine response. The results provide electrophysiological evidence that an endogenous purine can activate two different conductances on spinal neurons and that flurazepam can activate one of the conductances and antagonize the other. PMID- 37603 TI - Conference report: Polish-British Symposium on Medical Sociology Jablonna/Warsaw, May 1978: a personal account. PMID- 37604 TI - Effect of purified beta glucuronidase infusion in normal dogs and dogs with acidosis. AB - The effects of systemic infusion of purified beta glucuronidase, lactic acid and a combination of these were studied in normal dogs from the viewpoints of hemodynamics and blood coagulation. In none of the groups was an obvious deterioration in arterial blood pressure, pulse rate, central venous pressure, portal venous pressure and electrocardiogram observed after the infusions. On the other hand, beta glucuronidase infusion with preceding acidosis caused substantial thrombocytopenia accompanied by a decrease in fibrinogen levels and abnormal thromboelastogram. A similar trend was found by the infusion of beta glucuronidase only. An intermediate abnormality was found by the infusion of lactic acid alone. Histologically, fibrin clots in the pulmonary arteries were often observed in the dogs of all groups, but the quantitative difference among the groups was difficult to evaluate. In the present investigation, shock could not be produced, but other data seemed to indicate that increased levels of acid hydrolases in the blood are concerned with deterioration and irreversibility of shock, especially in an acidotic condition. PMID- 37605 TI - The beta-adrenergic blocking agents and the treatment of glaucoma. AB - The autonomic nervous system is divided into the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, with three types of adrenergic receptors: alpha (smooth muscle contraction), beta1 (cardiac acceleration and fatty acid mobilization) and beta2 (smooth muscle relaxation). Substances affecting the function of the adrenergic system are the agonists or stimulators, which mimic the effects of endogenous norepinephrine or epinephrine, and antagonists or blockers, which block the receptors and prevent stimulation by the agonists. Autonomic stimulation in the eye mediates various changes which apparently affect outflow facility and rate of formation of aqueous humor. Alteration of either or both of these factors by autonomic agonists or antagonists may have a direct or an indirect effect on intraocular pressure. Beta-adrenergic blocking substances have been used to treat a variety of diseases. Some of the effects of these drugs are attributable to properties other than beta blockade, such as intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and local anaesthetic activity. Side effects of this class of drugs require caution in cases of congestive heart failure and in asthmatics. Autonomic agents used in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma include pilocarpine, a chilinergic agonist, epinephrine, an adrenergic agonist, and various beta adrenergic blockers or antagonists including propranolol, atenolol and timolol. The physico-chemical properties and pharmacokinetics of timolol are reviewed. Data showing a significant reduction in intraocular pressure as a result of ocular instillation of timolol are presented. Reduction of the rate of aqueous formation appears to be the mechanism of action. A low incidence of non-serious side effects is reported. PMID- 37606 TI - Studies on the adrenergic systems of the eye at the Wilmer Institute. AB - The study of the ocular adrenergic systems at the Wilmer Institute over the last 40 years began with the examination of the formation and outflow of aqueous humor by Jonas Friedenwald and his co-workers in the early 1940's. At that time, researchers were attempting to understand the mechanisms of fluid dynamics in the eye, with the idea of altering these mechanisms to alleviate glaucoma only a distant goal. In the late 1950's, Langham and others reported on the effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy on intraocular pressure, following this work with a succession of papers on the relationship between alpha and beta adrenergic substances and aqueous humor dynamics. Sears, in collaboration with Barany, described the effects of alpha and beta adrenergic substances on outflow resistance. Eakins, in 1963, suggested a mechanism of action for isoproterenol in the lowering of intraocular pressure. Work on timolol at Wilmer began with a report from Radius, Diamond, Pollack and Langham covering experimental studies with rabbits and clinical studies of the drug's ocular hypotensive effects on glaucoma patients. Richter and others also studied a small number of patients on maximal therapy and found further intraocular pressure reduction with added timolol. PMID- 37608 TI - Environmental cancer--a report to the public. Proceedings of a conference on the relationship between environmental chemicals and cancer. PMID- 37607 TI - Cerebral anoxia: effect of deep hypothermia and pH. AB - Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest facilitates repair of congenital cardiac anomalies in infants. It is known empirically that hypothermia protects against central nervous system (CNS) ischemic damage. The Q10O2 is only 2.2 for brain and thus a decrease in metabolic rate does not fully account for protective effects of hypothermia. Since enthalpy of dissociation of H2O is high (approximately 7 kcal/mole), its pH is temperature dependent (7.0 at 25 degrees C, 7.4 at 20 degrees C) and hypothermia may in part protect by its influence on hydrogen ion concentration. A manifestation of CNS susceptibility to ischemia is an obstruction of the microcirculation [no-reflow lesion (NRL)] demonstrated by infusion of carbon black into the cerebral circulation after a period of circulatory arrest. White lesions (NRL) against a gray background on cut section of brain increase in size with increasing time of arrest. The effect of anoxia versus circulatory arrest, brain temperature, and extracellular brain pH on NRL was studied in 45 mongrel dogs, subjected to varying periods of N2-induced anoxia on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at 37 degrees C or 20 degrees C. In some studies jugular venous pH was adjusted by infusion of NaHCO3 or HCl. Control groups included normothermic CPB without anoxic and normothermic CPB, anoxia, and equimolar NaCl infusion. NRL was quantified by planimetry of photographs of cut sections of brain. These results confirm that NRL is abated by hypothermia and suggest that (1) NRL is a function of anoxia and not arrested circulation since perfusion with N2 at 37 degrees C does not protect the brain (i.e., NRL is not solely related to "critical reopening pressure") and (2) NRL is in part a function of extracellular pH. PMID- 37609 TI - Spontaneous platelet aggregation in cerebrovascular disease II. Further characterisation of the platelet defect. AB - A group of 186 patients with Transient Ischaemic Attacks (TIA) or cerebral infarction (CI) was found to demonstrate in vitro Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation (SPA) in 39% of those studied. Of the 176 normal subjects studied the incidence on in vitro SPA was found to be 5%. Further investigation of the phenomenon of SPA revealed that: 1. it is associated with ADP-hyperaggregability, i. e. the threshold concentration to induce second wave aggregation is decreased; 2. it is dependant on the increase in pH which occurs in platelet-rich plasma stirring in an aggregometer while concurrent ADP-hyperaggregability is independant of this change in pH; 3. it is associated with malondialdehyde production and the release of endogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine; and that 4. in addition Km and Vmax values for [14c]-5HT incorporation are normal; and that 5. no gross abnormalities of the platelet membrane glycoproteins were apparent although occasionally glycoprotein III was found to be increased. This study demonstrates abnormal platelet behaviour in patients with TIA and CI where the enzyme system involved in thromboxane production is sufficiently stimulated, by stirring alone, to induce aggregation of platelets and the release reaction. Acetylsalicylic acid abolishes SPA and prolongs the bleeding time with similar characteristics as has been described for normal individuals. Plasma beta thromboglobulin levels are significantly increased in the patients studied. However, no correlation was established with the incidence of in vitro SPA. PMID- 37610 TI - International committee communications. Report of the subgroup on fibrinolytic inhibitors, subcommittee on fibrinolysis. PMID- 37611 TI - International committee communications. Report from the subcommittee on heparin. PMID- 37612 TI - HLA in multiple endocrine adenomatosis (type I). PMID- 37613 TI - Characterization of two new enzymatic activities of the rat ventral prostate: 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol 6 alpha-hydroxylase and 5 alpha-androstane 3 beta, 17 beta-diol 7 alpha-hydroxylase. AB - This study has characterized two new enzymatic hydroxylase activities specific for 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (3 beta-diol) in the rat ventral prostate: 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol 6 alpha-hydroxylase (6 alpha hydroxylase) and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (7 alpha-hydroxylase). Both of these irreversible hydroxylase activities require NADPH and are localized in the microsomal fraction of the prostate. The apparent Km for 3 beta-diol is 2.5 microM for both the 6 alpha- and 7 alpha-hydroxylase activities. The apparent Km for NADPH is 7.6 microM for the 6 alpha-hydroxylase and 7.0 microM for the 7 alpha-hydroxylase. The pH optimum for both activities is 7.4. Several steroid inhibitors of these hydroxylase activities in vitro were identified including cholesterol, progesterone, and estradiol. Estradiol was found in vitro to be a noncompetitive inhibitor (Ki = 5 microM). Injection of estradiol into intact male rats, simultaneously receiving exogenous testosterone, also produced a significant lowering of the 6 alpha-plus 7 alpha-hydroxylase activities. Both the 6 alpha- and 7 alpha-hydroxylase were found to be androgen sensitive. Following castration there is a rapid decrease in both activities. PMID- 37614 TI - A new model of bilateral hemispheric ischemia in the unanesthetized rat. AB - A new model of transient, bilateral hemispheric ischemia in the unanesthetized rat is described. During ether anesthesia the rat's vertebral arteries were electrocauterized through the alar foramina of the first cervical vertebra and reversible clasps placed loosely around the common carotid arteries. Twenty-four hr later, the awake rats were restrained and the carotid clasps tightened to produce 4-vessel occlusion. The carotid clasps were removed after 10, 20 or 30 min of 4-vessel occlusion and the animals killed by perfusion fixation 72 hr later. Rats which convulsed during the ischemic or post-ischemic period were excluded from further study. All rats subjected to 20 or 30 min of 4-vessel occlusion demonstrated ischemic neuronal damage. The H1 and paramedian hippocampus, striatum and layers 3, 5 and 6 of the posterior neocortex were the regions most frequently damaged. The advantages of this model are the ease of preparation of large numbers of animals, a high rate of predictable ischemic neuronal damage, a low incidence of seizures and the absence of anesthesia. PMID- 37615 TI - Survival of rabbits after prolonged cerebral ischemia. AB - Cerebral ischemia was produced by a combination of vascular occlusion and mild systemic hypotension in 2 groups of rabbits. Arterial blood pressure, arterial pH, arterial blood gases, blood glucose and PCV were monitored and recorded before, during and for 3 hours after reperfusion. Return of EEG activity, vasomotor control, spontaneous ventilation and corneal reflex were also recorded. At 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after reperfusion, the rabbits' neurologic status was assessed according to an arbitrary scale based on motor function. The 2 groups differed in return of reflexes and motor function. Eighty percent of the rabbits ischemic for 20 minutes and 75% of the rabbits ischemic for 30 minutes survived. The graduated response of motor function to cerebral ischemia is attributed to the ventilatory and circulatory support given the rabbits for the first 3 hours after reperfusion. The graduate response of motor function to ischemia supports the suggestion that motor function can be used as an index of neurologic damage. PMID- 37616 TI - Transplantation of bone marrow in outbred dogs without graft-versus-host disease using total lymphoid irradiation. PMID- 37617 TI - Suppression of graft-versus-host reactions in rats bearing implants in the anterior chamber of the eye. AB - The graft-versus-host (GVH) response of spleen cells from rats bearing either orthotopic skin grafts or allogeneic implants in the anterior chamber of the eye was evaluated using popliteal lymph node (PLN) assay. When a viable implant remained in the anterior chamber, the spleen cells of these rats produced a popliteal lymph node enlargement in F1 hybrids which was approximately 50% of that produced by a similar number of cells from a normal animal. Conversely, the GVH response of spleen cells from orthotopically skin-grafted rats was noted to be significantly increased over the response of spleen cells from normal animals. The decrease in the GVH response of implanted rat spleen cells was a specific reaction and not because of trauma or implantation, since spleen cells from rats bearing syngeneic implants had shown no reduction in their GVH-inducing ability. The PLN weights of rats receiving mixed population of normal and implanted rat spleen cells were always less than the weights observed with an equal number of normal spleen cells. These findings permit the assumption that implant-bearing rats may be lacking or low in cells that induce GVH reactions or that there is a delayed conversion of effector cells after early immune recognition. PMID- 37618 TI - Specific suppression of graft-versus-host responsiveness by incubation of donor lymphoid cells with a solubilized membrane fraction of host lymphoid cells. AB - BALB/c spleen cells were incubated with a solubilized membrane fraction (SMF) prepared from spleen and thymus cells of (BALB/c x C3H/He)F1 or (BALB/c x A/J)F1 hybrid mice. Cells incubated with (BALB/c x C3H/He)F1 SMF produced less graft versus-host (GVH) splenomegaly in (BALB/c x C3H/He)F1 hosts than did untreated BALB/c cells. The reduction of GVH splenomegaly was specific, inasmuch as the GVH activity of (BALB/c x C3H/He)F1 SMF-treated and untreated cells was similar in (BALB/c x C57BL)F1 hosts, and BALB/c cells treated with (BALB/c x A/J)F1 SMF showed no alteration of GVH activity in either (BALB/c x C3H/He)F1 hosts or (BALB/c x C57BL) F1 hosts. The time course of splenomegaly did not differ for SMF treated and untreated cells. Donor cells that were labeled with tritiated adenosine and treated with (BALB/c x C3H/He) F1 SMF produced a reduction in the amount of label appearing in (BALB/c x C3H/He)F1 host spleens but not in (BALB/c x C57BL)F1 host spleens. Mechanisms which could account for the ability of SMF to cause specific reductions in both GVH activity and host spleen labeling are discussed. PMID- 37619 TI - Lymphocyte traffic within the bone marrow and selective retention of alloreactive cells. AB - Earlier studies showed that large numbers of isotopically labelled thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDLs) enter the bone marrow (BM) within hours of injection but depart equally as rapidly by 12 to 24 hr. The significance of this rapid flux was investigated further. Early (1/2 to 2 hr) after the i.v. injection of TDLs, BM was shown to contain T cells capable of initiating a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction in F1 hybrids and in other experiments memory cells against human serum albumin (HSA). Both GVH and memory cell activity had markedly declined in the BM by 12 hr. In contrast to the rapid departure of TDLs from syngeneic BM, F1 hybrid BM retained parental lymphocytes with GVH activity for alloantigens of the opposite parent. F1 hybrid BM under these circumstances supported the transformation and proliferation of lymphocytes activated in situ by alloantigens. These selectively retained T cells also reacted to third-party alloantigens. In addition, TDLs with memory for HSA were retained in the BM of F1 hybrids. The BM is a site in which alloreactive immune responses may be initiated or sustained. PMID- 37620 TI - Correction of decreased guanylate cyclase activity in diabetic rats by pancreatic islet transplantation. AB - We have previously demonstrated that streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats have decreased guanylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.2) activity in liver and other tissues which was returned to normal by the administration of exogenous insulin. Since successful pancreatic islet transplants have been shown to lower basal hepatic glucose output, gluconeogenesis, and urea production, pancreatic islet transplants seemed to be a more physiological model to test the in vivo effects of insulin on guanylate cyclase activity in diabetic animals. The present investigation demonstrates that pancreatic islet transplants into two different species of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats increased the lowered activity of guanylate cyclase activity found in diabetic animals to the level of guanylate cyclase activity present in control animals. PMID- 37621 TI - Lack of blocking effect of chondroitin sulfate on lymphocyte-defined antigens. PMID- 37622 TI - [Linearity of the colony count in mouse spleen and bone marrow]. PMID- 37623 TI - [Effect of different concentrations of HCO3- and CO2 in aquarium water on metabolism in the Cyprinus carpio L. organism]. AB - The level of pCO2 and bicarbonates in blood and tissues of Cyprinus carpio L. increases with concentration of carbonic acid (HCO3- and pCO2), the other indices of the hydrochemical composition being constant. The value of blood pH is unchanged. In fish with a higher content of carbonic acid in blood the amount of lactate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, malate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, ammonia, glutamin, free amino acids, total and residual nitrogen rises. Simultaneously the content of urea increases in kidneys, but decrease in gills, whereas in blood and live it does not differ from the corresponding indices of fishes from the control group. PMID- 37624 TI - [Method for determining peroxidase activity]. AB - The spectrophotometric method is described for the peroxidase activity determination which is based on the oxidation of guaicol and potassium iodide. Optimal conditions were elaborated for these two most sensitive substrates. The method may be applied for the quantitative peroxidase determination in different human biological fluids, in particular saliva and blood serum. PMID- 37625 TI - [Classification of papers presented at 2 international gastroenterology conferences. An attempt to analyse medical research progress]. PMID- 37626 TI - [Treatment of hay fever]. PMID- 37627 TI - [Subtaloarthrodeses in patients after posterior foot fractures. A retrospective study of 61 operations]. PMID- 37628 TI - Abstracts from the III European Colloquium on Renal Physiology. University of Uppsala, Sweden June 17--20, 1979. PMID- 37629 TI - Microphallus: clinical and endocrinological characteristics. AB - The clinical and endocrinological features of 15 male subjects with small but normally formed external genitalia are reviewed. Nine of these patients had a simple microphallus alone, while the other 6 patients exhibited associated central nervous system defects. The endocrine data obtained from both groups were the same and were consistent with defective hypothalamic function. Parenteral testosterone seems to be the present treatment of choice but we believe it should be started early in life to take advantage of the greater hyperplastic response of the young. PMID- 37630 TI - Clinical implications of gonadal venography in the management of the non-palpable undescended testis. AB - Selective gonadal venography was used on 28 patients with a total of 34 non palpable undescended testes. The data obtained in this study suggest that 1) an internal spermatic vein with a pampiniform-like plexus indicates the presence of a testis, 2) a blind-ending vein on venography suggests the absence of a testis, 3) an internal spermatic vein or vas deferens may be present without a testis, 4) a testis probably cannot be present without a gonadal vein, 5) a testis may be present without a vas, 6) a blind-ending vas deferens does not necessarily indicate the absence of a testis and 7) a blind-ending vas deferens in a patient in whom a blind-ending gonadal vein is localized to the same region probably indicates the absence of a testis. Gonadal venography may localize a non-palpable undescended testis or suggest testicular agenesis. In addition, gonadal venography has aided in the selection of the operative approach and, in the future, may provide criteria under specific circumstances for determining whether an operation is necessary and, if so, the extent of surgical exploration. PMID- 37631 TI - [Water intake, pH and ammonia levels in the ruminal contents of sheep fed pelleted feed]. AB - Wethers were studied for the effect of the complete pelleted feed ration on the intake of water and concentration of pH and ammonia in the rumen. The animals consumed daily 1300 g of dry matter of the diet containing 41.81% of meadow hay, 25.8% of barley, 15.37% of sawdust, 14.98% of molasses, 1.32% of urea and 1.24% of vitamin mineral supplement. This feed was given to them for six months. The pelleted diet increased the intake of water (the dry matter consumption remaining the same in the control and experimental group), reduced pH concentration (6.0- 6.2) and slightly increased the level of ammonia in the first hour after feeding; this was probably due to a rapid release of nitrogen compounds from the feed and to intensive rumen fermentation. PMID- 37632 TI - [Dynamics of acid-base indices in the blood of lambs from the 7th day of postnatal life to adult age]. AB - Under the conditions of a specialized farm equipped with amodern technology or rearing, sixteen ewe lambs of the Improved Wallachian breed were studied for the dynamics of acid-base indices in the blood from the seventh day of post-natal life unitl the age of 19 months. The acid-base parameters were measured by the Astrup BMS 2 apparatus. After weaning at an age of 45 days, the lambs were fed mixture COJ 1 for ten days, then mixture COJ 2, followed by the administration of a VJ mixture and granular feed in a 1 : 1 ratio. The mentioned feeds were given to the lambs ad libitum. At the beginning of July the animals were driven to pasture where they were kept with no supplementary feeding. In the winter season they were kept indoors and were fed briquettes of forage at a ration of 2.3 kg per head per day. In the second year of age the sheep were driven to pasture in early. May. Throughout the period of study, the values of actual pH in the blood ranged ranged from 7.29 to 7.39 and pCO2 from 4.33 to 6.25 kPa, on an average; BE ranged from -8.2 to -1.8 mmol 1(-1), BB from 35.7 to 49.3 mmol 1(-1), and SB had limiting means of 18.0 and 22.7 mmol 1(-1), AB 16.7 and 23.5 mmol 1(-1), and tCO2 ranged from 17.7 to 24.8 mmol 1(-1), on an average. The highest numerical fluctuations in the values of the indices under study were recorded in the period of transition to the different kinds of solid feeds and to pasture. PMID- 37633 TI - The biochemistry, haematology, nutrition and racing performance of two-year-old thoroughbreds throughout their training and racing season. PMID- 37634 TI - Insects that sting. PMID- 37635 TI - Consensus conference on screening for lung cancer. PMID- 37637 TI - [World Veterinary Association]. PMID- 37636 TI - Joint meeting of the European Association of Poison Control Centers and the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. PMID- 37638 TI - Hairy cell leukemia: differences in phagocytic capacity of cells in vitro. AB - Hairy cells from eight patients with hairy cell leukemia were evaluated with both light and transmission electron microscopy for their capacity to phagocytose zymosan, latex, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. In two patients, there was no phagocytosis of any of these substances; cells from three patients phagocytosed only latex; two, all except pseudomonas; and one, all 4 substances. Hairy cells became relatively smooth while in culture with staphylococcus, but no surface changes were noted during incubation with the other substances. Of the eight patients studied, one died of pseudomonas pneumonia and sepsis; pseudomonas was the only substance which her hairy cells did not phagocytose. The one patient whose hairy cells phagocytosed all 4 test substances developed a disseminated Mycobacterium intracellulare infection; culture of his hairy cells with this atypical myocbacterium showed no phagocytosis. Hairy cells have different phagocytic capabilities from patient to patient, and the evaluation of these capabilities in vitro might provide early identification of potential infectious complications. PMID- 37639 TI - Invasion of malignant C3H mouse fibroblasts from aggregates transplanted into the auricles of syngenic mice. AB - Spheroid aggregates of malignant fibroblasts (MO4), shown to be invasive in vitro, were implanted subcutaneously into the auricle of the external ear of syngenic C3H mice. The course of early invasion into the surrounding tissues and the formation of tumours was studied in serial sections of auricles fixed 6 h to 30 days after implantation. MO4 cells are first observed to make contact with the surrounding tissues after 6 h. They exhibit, cytoplasmic extensions and spread from the original aggregate. During the first day invading MO4 cells preferentially follow tissue crevices created by the inoculation procedure. Later they also invade the surrounding tissues. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and later monocytes infiltrate the aggregate, which is completely destroyed after 4 days. Palpable tumours arise from MO4 cells that have left the original implant and invaded the tissues of the auricles. These observations indicate that invasion of malignant cells is important for the take of a transplant. PMID- 37640 TI - Selective lesions of acinar pancreatic cells in rats poisoned with abrin. A morphological and biochemical study. AB - Rats poisoned with abrin (2.5 micrograms/100 g body weight) died within 36 h with severe necrosis of acinar pancreatic cells. Incorporation in vivo of labelled amino acids into pancreatic protein was greatly impaired 6 h after poisoning. Microsomes isolated from the pancreas of poisoned rats at 6 h had a reduced capacity for protein synthesis in vitro. Incorporation in vivo of orotic acid into pancreatic RNA was decreased 12 h after poisoning. PMID- 37641 TI - The mechanism of epithelial shedding after ischemic damage to the small intestinal mucosa. A light and electron microscopic investigation. AB - The intestinal mucosa of the rat was examined by light and electron microscopy 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after complete ligation of the vessel arcades of the proximal jejunum. The characteristic sign of ischemic damage to the small intestinal mucosa and the reason for epithelial shedding is the appearance of membrane enclosed cytoplasmic blebs which arise at the cell base of the enterocytes and detach the epithelium from the basement membrane. This process begins at the tip of the villi before the enterocytes display signs of irreversible damage and progress to the base of the villi with continuation of the ischemia. PMID- 37642 TI - The carcinogenic effect of TPA (12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) when applied to the skin of hairless mice. AB - Groups of hairless mice received one, two, five and fifty applications of 20 nmoles TPA (12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate) on the skin of the back, and were observed for 20 months. The animals developed some papillomas, some squamous cell carcinomas, some fibrosarcomas of the dermis, and some malignant and benign tumours in internal organs. There was a small, not significantly different, incidence of benign and malignant tumours after 1, 2 and 5 paintings, and a significantly higher tumour incidence after 50 applications. Apart from reticuloses, which are commonly seen in these animals, the occurrence of other tumours is believed to be related to the TPA treatment. The results are interpreted as showing that TPA, like croton oil, should be regarded as a complete carcinogen. PMID- 37643 TI - Asynchrony of erythroblast maturation induced by riboflavin deficiency. AB - Ultrastructural studies indicate that galactoflavin-induced riboflavin deficiency induces asynchrony of rat erythroblast maturation. During the latter stages of maturation erythroblasts retain significantly larger numbers of ribosomes as compared to control cells. Nucleoli are not evident in erythroblasts whose nuclei indicate cells in the latter stages of development. Membrane whorls develop within the mitochondria of plasma cells, eosinophils and neutrophils during the fifth week of riboflavin deficiency. No further evidence of degeneration was noted among additional cell organelles. PMID- 37644 TI - Electron microscopic morphometric analysis of small cortical and medullary thymocytes from the rat. AB - Electron microscopic morphometric analysis of rat small thymocytes reveals quantitative differences between small cortical and medullary thymocytes. The unit gravity velocity sedimentation technique was used to obtain a cellular pool composed mainly of small sized thymocytes. Stimulation "in vitro" with phytohemagglutinin followed by cell size separation was employed to separate cortical small thymocytes. Furthermore, isolation of medullary small thymocytes was carried out by treatment "in vivo" with hydrocortisone. Our results show that the majority of the quantitative changes correspond to differences in the distribution of chromatin and the density of perichromatin granules. They demonstrate the importance of chromatin pattern analysis for the identification of small cortical and medullary thymocytes. PMID- 37645 TI - [On the mechanism of lysosomal enzyme release from neutrophilic granulocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 37646 TI - Flow cytofluorometric analysis of a human aneuploid cell line growing in vitro and in intraperitoneal diffusion-chambers. AB - An aneuploid established cell line originating from human skin (NCTC 3075) was cultivated in vitro culture and in intraperitoneal diffusion chambers in hamsters. In in vitro cell culture a near tetraploid cell line dominated. Shortly after implantation into the diffusion chambers in the peritoneal cavity of hamsters a selective lysis of cells with near tetraploid DNA content occurred, with a relative increase of a diploid subline. After 5 days in the hamster a tetraploid cell line again dominated as in in vitro culture. The use of flow cytofluorometry for ploidy analysis and changes in cell cycle traverse is demonstrated. The possible use of this model system in studies of response to therapy is discussed. PMID- 37647 TI - Epithelial cell kinetics in the descending colon of the rat. AB - Epithelial cell kinetics were investigated in the descending colon of the rat. The number of cells per crypt was found to be approximately 625, with 33 cells per cell column and 19 cell columns per crypt circumference. The growth fraction of the colonic crypt was 0.42, and proliferating cells were situated largely in the lower half of the crypt. The cell cycle time was 50.5 h, with values for the G1, S and G2 phases of 40.0, 7.6 and 2.9 h respectively. Cell migration studies showed that it took 60-72 h for a cell to migrate from the upper border of the proliferative cell compartment in the crypt to the luminal surface of the colon. Data were also obtained from continuous labelling with tritiated thymidine and from studying the circadian rhythm of proliferative activity, which suggest that the cells in the bottom of the crypt may constitute a separate, more slowly cycling (stem)cell compartment. PMID- 37648 TI - Methods of study of the invasion of malignant C3H-mouse fibroblasts into embryonic chick heart in vitro. AB - Methods of study of tumour invasiveness in vitro were investigated using the interactions between malignant virally transformed C3H mouse fibroblasts (MO4) with fragments from embryonic chick heart. Invasion of MO4 cells into the heart tissue could be demonstrated in all three-dimensional cultures. On the contrary, seeding of MO4 cells on top of a monolayer of heart cells did not mimic invasion. Precultured heart fragments were more suitable for the study of the early phase of invasion than freshly cut ones because they presented healthy well-delineated borders. Aggregates of MO4 cells proved more suitable than suspensions or monolayer fragments because they were amenable to quantitation, were not traumatized or treated with enzymes during harvest. They allowed precise control of the initial site of contact with the heart tissue. The nature of the culture medium predominantly affected the growth of the MO4 population. This factor influenced the pattern of invasion quantitatively, but did not alter the invasive capacity of the MO4 cells itself. In cultures on adhesive substrates the interaction between the MO4 cells and the heart tissue was complicated by the fact that both also interacted with the aritficial substrate. Shaker cultures appeared better than comparable static cultures because they allowed better aeration and so delayed central necrosis. PMID- 37649 TI - Subunit protein and alkaline protease of entomopoxvirus spheroids. PMID- 37650 TI - [Transplantability and growth of sarcoma 37 under a ganglionic blockade]. AB - The inoculation of sarcoma-37 against the background of the ganglionary blockade, provided by the intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml of pentamine, is not associated with its less take rate, but there is a manifest suppression of the tumor growth during the period up to 63 days. A preliminary ganglionary blockade completely eliminates the stimulating effect of a trauma on the tumor growth. PMID- 37651 TI - [Role of histamine in compensation for microcirculatory disorders in systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic allergic vasculitis]. PMID- 37652 TI - Incompatibility in vitro and in vivo demonstrated only with saline-suspended red cells. AB - An unusual IgG complement-binding antibody was observed in a 64-year-old man prior to surgery. This antibody was detectable by the indirect antiglobulin test when the red cells were suspended in saline, but not when they were suspended in acid citrate dextrose or albumin solutions. Positive reactions were obtained with the patient's own red cells and with the cells of all donors tested. In vivo chromium survival studies showed that donor cells and patient cells, when suspended in saline, had 1-hour survivals of 32 and 46%, respectively. In contrast, donor and patient cells suspended in ACD solution had 1-hour survivals of 77 and 93%, respectively. We concluded that this phenomenon may casue accelerated destruction of saline-suspended cells and should be suspected whenever in vitro incompatibility is noted with red cells suspended in saline. PMID- 37653 TI - [Comparative studies of hemoglobin methods for the determination of blood hemoglobin concentration]. AB - The interference and clarifying effect of the non-ion detergents "Vero" "Verolux", "Alva" and "Alkaryl" on the formation of cyanhemiglobin and azihemiglobin complexes in slightly alkaline media (pH 7.2) (methods of von Kampen and Zijlstra and of Vancetti and Nardeschi) are studied by the investigation of standard curves, spectral characteristics of colour complex and time effect. The high degree of correlation (r = +0.960 to +0.999) with the parallel investigations with Nonidet P 40 and the negligible interference of the detergents studied provide grounds to substitute Nonidet P 40 in the recommended prescriptions for the preparation of transforming solutions for "Vero", "Verolux", "Alva" and "Aklaryl", especially if some of them (for instance Vero) is prepared with a purity degree, meeting the analytical needs of laboratory practice. PMID- 37654 TI - [Clinical chemical parameter changes in patients with liver metastases]. AB - Certain biochemical serum parameters: GOT, GPT, LAP, HK, AP and Regan isoenzyme, GGTP, CE, ESR, Weltman test, thymol test, serum bilirubin and urine urobilogen were determined in 39 patients with different localization of malignant processes in the abdominal cavity (stomach, large intestines, pancreas, ovaries). The patients were subdivided into two groups, depending on the presence or absence of liver metastases, confirmed at laparatomy, laparascopy or necropsy material examination. The results revealed that in patients with liver metastases AP, CE, GOT, GGTP, ESR and Weltman test are most commonly and simultaneously abnormal. In patients without liver metastases, those indices are also changed but to a lesser degree, whereas LAP and Regan isoenyzme are with elevated activity in a higher per cent of these cases, than in the patients with liver metastases, being in unison with literature data. The determination of the above biochemical parameters could direct the clinicist to the presence of liver metastases but the more reliable diagnostic methods as laparascopy and laparatomy cannot be substituted for. PMID- 37656 TI - African trypanosomiases. PMID- 37655 TI - [Lactic acidosiss as a consequence of treatment with biguanide derivatives]. PMID- 37657 TI - [3. Symposium on viral hepatitis in Weimar, 17 and 18 January 1978]. PMID- 37658 TI - [Pests harmful to health in the hospital and their control]. PMID- 37659 TI - [The unaffected primary rejection of xenogeneic kidney transplants in the closely related fox-dog species system]. AB - The present study reports of three kinds of experiments of unaffected primary rejection of xenogenous kidney transplanats in the close-related fox-dog species system. The issue is whether there is a relation between the amount of grafted parenchyma and the immune induced potency, that is whether the course of rejection of transplanted single kidneys (group I a) differs from the course after en-bloc transplantation of both kidneys (group I b). In group II alterations of blood chemism and behavior of humoral antibodies are followed in dogs to which a fox kidney was transplanted, while keeping their own functioning kidneys. This experiment is to give information whether the uremic syndrome influences the development of humoral immunity, and what changes of blood chemism may primarily be related to destruction of the graft, under the condition of absent uremia. Untreated graft recipients survived for 5,4 +/- 0,49 days (n = 5) when single kidneys were transplanted (group I a), and 5,2 +/- 0,75 days (n = 5) when both kidneys were grafted en-bloc (group I b). As to the rejecting reactions, both groups are almost equal: the increasing functional failure causes a fast increase of creatinine and urea nitrogen; alkaline phosphatase and LDH show distinct alterations, related to the progress of the graft's destruction. Decrease of albumin level and loss of cholinesterase activity indicate an impaired hepatic function as reaction to uremic intoxication. Gamma-globulins and leucocytes show alterations that can be related to non-specific inflammatory reactions. The immunologically specific initial lymphopenia suggests that after revascularization these cells migrate to the graft, and later react with antigenic structures of vascular endothelium and still later with those of the organ cells. Cytotoxic antibodies appear on the 4th postoperative day in increasing amount. Post mortem histologic examination shows round cell infiltrates in the vastly necrotic renal parenchyma. When the recipient's kidneys are kept in situ and a fox kidney is transplanted (group II) uremia is avoided and the animals survive. During the 30-days period of observation, that is longer than the term of rejection, the titer of cytotoxic antibodies remains stable or tends to increase. LDH and alkaline phosphatase show characteristic changes that are considered sequels from destructed transplantate. The experiments show, aside from certain reservations, that the donor-host combination fox-dog is suitable to serve as preclinic model for human transplantation using xenogenous donors of organs, i. e. anthropoid primates. PMID- 37660 TI - [Beta-glucuronidase activity in the bile of patients with cholesterol and pigment stones]. PMID- 37661 TI - [German Society for Cardiovascular Research. Abstracts from the 45th annual meeting at Bad Nauheim, April 20-22, 1979. Topic: recent myocardial infarct]. PMID- 37662 TI - [Beta blockers in psychiatric diseases. Indications and problems]. PMID- 37663 TI - Abstracts. Meeting of the Virginia Society of Hematology in Virginia Beach on June 15-16, 1979. PMID- 37664 TI - [Detection, isolation and identification of porphyrin in the secretion of the sebaceous glands in healthy human skin]. PMID- 37665 TI - [Importance of the adreno- and cholinoreactive systems of the body in validating the differentiated use of ultrasonics in the therapy of skin diseases]. PMID- 37666 TI - [Interactions of dental drugs and their causes]. PMID- 37667 TI - [Sanitary and hygienic characteristics of surgical departments of the Kirghiz SSR]. PMID- 37668 TI - [Age characteristics of the distributions of serum immunoglobulin (A, M, G) concentrations in healthy children in the piedmont of Kirghizia]. PMID- 37669 TI - [Age characteristics of the reactions of miners to production work at various altitudes in the Tien Shan]. PMID- 37670 TI - [Morphofunctional state of the duodenal mucosa in complicated forms of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 37671 TI - [Connective tissue structure study in adaptation to hypoxia]. PMID- 37672 TI - [Nature of the work in public health]. PMID- 37673 TI - [External respiratory function studied by X-ray pneumopolygraphy in newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 37674 TI - [Glucose consumption by muscle and fatty tissues and the sensitivity of these tissues to insulin in intact rats and rats with alloxan diabetes at a high altitude]. PMID- 37675 TI - [Staphylococcal antitoxin titer and the results of blood inoculation in young infants with protracted and recurrent pneumonias and in their mothers]. PMID- 37676 TI - [Disability from thermal burns]. PMID- 37677 TI - [Complicated acute appendicitis]. PMID- 37678 TI - [Problems in modern surgery]. PMID- 37679 TI - [Patent information search in scientific research work]. PMID- 37680 TI - [Tuberculous lesion of the liver]. PMID- 37681 TI - [3 cases of combined knife wounds of the upper mesenteric vessels and intestines]. PMID- 37682 TI - [Pathology of pulmonary changes in Wegener's granulomatosis, rheumatoid arthritis and polyarteritis nodosa (author's transl)]. AB - Histology of the pulmonary alterations which may occur in Wegener's granulomatosis, rheumatoid arthritis and polyarteritis nodosa is enumerated. 30 own cases with pulmonary lesions are presented. The difficulties of differential diagnosis in lung biopsies are discussed. Both Wegener's granulomatosis and rheumatoid arthritis may terminate in a generalized necrotizing arteritis which cannot be distinguished from polyarteritis nodosa. This as well as various other similarities indicate that these three different disease entities base on an identical hyperergic reaction of the vascular wall. Only the so-called limited type of Wegener's granulomatosis has a relatively favourable prognosis. PMID- 37683 TI - [Metabolism of dicarboxylic amino acids and their amides in bacteria of the genus Citrobacter]. AB - In 58 Citrobacter strains the pathways of the utilization of dicarbonic amino acids and their amides were studied. These organisms were found to be incapable of decarboxylating glutaminic and asparaginic acids, as well as their amides. All the strains could actively desamidizate asparagine. Not all of these strains showed glutaminase activity. Aspartate-aminotransferase occurred twice as often as alanine-aminotransferase, the level of activity being approximately the same. The Citrobacter strains desamidizated asparaginic acid with great constancy, but only in 1/3 of them this reaction occurred via an aspartase route. The desamidization of asparaginic acid in Citrobacter seemed to proceed in different ways. The desamidization of glutaminic acid was observed only in a part of the strains, and the reaction proceeded less actively. PMID- 37685 TI - Advance abstracts of papers. XIIth Acta Endocrinologica Congress. Munich. June 26 -20, 1979. PMID- 37684 TI - Bilirubin acidity. Titrimetric and 13C NMR studies. AB - Acidimetric titration of bilirubin IX-alpha, dissolved in excess aqueous sodium hydroxide, showed that two protons are dissociated with pK values well below 7 and that one or several additional acidic groups titrate with pK around 12.9. Precipitation of the nearly insoluble acid precluded determination of the two lower pK values by titration in aqueous solution. In dimethyl sulfoxide solution, four acidic protons were demonstrated, titrating two by two without precipitation. 13C NMR spectra of bilirubin IX-alpha were recorded and complete assignments were made by comparison with the spectra of bilirubin XIII-alpha and mesobilirubin etc. Such spectra, recorded after addition of 2 and 4 mol of base per mol of bilirubin IX-alpha, showed that both carboxyl groups are titrated by the first 2 mol of base, and both lactams by the following 2 mol of base. Cotitrations of bilirubin IX-alpha with other acids, o- and m-hydroxybenzoic acid and 2-pyridone, were used to determine relative pK values in dimethyl sulfoxide solution, and pK values for the four acidic protons of bilirubin IX-alpha in aqueous solution were calculated from the Born equation. Both carboxyl groups exhibited pK = 4.4, and both lactams pK = 13.0, in good agreement with values expected from the chemical structure of the bilirubin molecule. The implications of these findings for understanding the mechanism of bilirubin neurotoxicity are discussed. PMID- 37686 TI - [Influence of salicylazosulphapyridine on folic acid activity in ulcerative rectocolitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 37687 TI - The effect of duodenal acidification on plasma secretin and gastrin and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion in man. AB - Plasma secretin, plasma gastrin and pancreatic bicarbonate output were measured in three healthy youths before and after a 10 min period of duodenal infusion of 50, 75 and 100 ml 100 mmol/1 HCl. Plasma secretin rose to a shortlived peak within 10 min, whereas plasma gastrin fell gradually to values significantly below the basal level 60 min after the start of duodenal acidification. Pancreatic bicarbonate output showed a more sustained increase following duodenal acidification. Significant positive correlations were obtained between plasma secretin and infused dose of HCl, between pancreatic bicarbonate output and infused dose of HCl and between plasma secretin and pancreatic bicarbonate output. The calculated maximal pancreatic bicarbonate output (Vmax) of 30.6 mEq/h and the calculated dose of secretin to elicit half maximal pancreatic bicarbonate output (S50) of 0.2 CU/kg-h following duodenal acidification were comparable to that seen after intravenous infusion of secretin. No significant correlation was found between plasma secretin and plasma gastrin. It is suggested that the pancreatic stimulation subsequent to duodenal acidification is mainly effected by release of secretin, and that the fall in plasma gastrin may be caused by a HCl induced inhibition of gastrin release from the duodenum. PMID- 37688 TI - Increased duodenal alkali load associated with the interdigestive myoelectric complex. AB - In six healthy volunteers the interdigestive motor activity and the secretory pattern were recorded in the duodenum by open tip catheters and intraluminal titration, respectively. The duodenal part of the interdigestive myoelectric complex (IDMEC) was regularly associated with a significantly increased alkali load to the duodenum amounting to 2.4 +/- 0.4 mmol per IDMEC. Thus, the intestinal "housekeeper" function of the IDMEC may be brought about by a coupled action of propagated motility and flushing secretion. PMID- 37689 TI - [Innervation of the cerebral blood vessels of vertebrates (author's transl)]. PMID- 37690 TI - [Control of perinatal risk by means of a systematic examination of the acid base status in the umbilical cord]. PMID- 37691 TI - Dysmenorrhea and uterine neurotransmitters. PMID- 37692 TI - Male hypospadias, 625 cases, associated malformations and possible etiological factors. AB - Records from 625 patients with hypospadias have been reviewed, with reference to associated malformations. Cryptorchidism was found to be the most common associated malformation and was present in 6% of cases with hypospadias. The highest incidence of cryptorchidism was found in the more severe forms of hypospadias. Other concomitant genital malformations, such as bifid scrotum, hypoplasia of penis and remnants of the Mullerian system showed the same pattern. The recorded incidence of bifid scrotum and hypoplasia of the penis was 4% and 8% respectively. A high incidence of abnormalities in the lower urinary tract was found; 50% of 84 patients investigated. The hypothesis of hypospadias being a result of testicular hormone insufficiency is discussed. PMID- 37693 TI - Proceeding of the 14th Congress of the Polish Physiological Society, Lodz, September 11--13, 1978. PMID- 37694 TI - Effects of some neuroleptic drugs on aggressive behavior in isolated mice. AB - Effects of some neuroleptic drugs on aggressive behavior in isolated mice. Acta Physiol. Pol. 1979, 30 (2): 295--298. Albino-Swiss male mice were isolated for 28 days and their isolation-induced aggressive behavior was tested after housing them in groups. The effects of the following neuroleptics were investigated: spiroperidol (0.2 mg/kg i.p.), pimozide (1 and 2 mg/kg i.p.), and clozapine (2 and 5 mg/kg i.p.). Among the drugs examined the strongest inhibitory action on the isolation-induced aggressive behavior was inserted by spiroperidol. Primozide and closapine had weaker, but significant anti-aggressive effect. PMID- 37695 TI - Effect of synthetic prostaglandin PGF2 alpha on the volume, acidity, and proteolytic activity of the abomasum juice in sheep. AB - Effect of synthetic prostaglandin PGF2 alpha on the volume acidity, and proteolytic activity of the abomasum juice in sheep. Act Physiol. Pol., 1979, 30 (2): 299--304. The investigations were carried out in 3 male sheep on the effect of Estrumate (a synthetic analogue of PGF2 alpha) on the secretion and composition of juice from the "small" abomasum. After intramuscular injection of optimum doses of the preparation (3.0--4.0 micrograms/kg of body weight) it was observed that the volume of the juice, its free HCl content, the total acidity the specific activity (expressed in Anson milliunits/ml) and the total activity (specific activity X volume of juice secreted in a given sample) increased significantly (p less than 0.01). Thus, the synthetic prostaglandin PGF2 alpha stimulates the secretory activity of abomasum glands in sheep. PMID- 37696 TI - Beta-adrenergic inhibitory interference with myogenic vascular reactivity during experimental intervention. PMID- 37697 TI - Therapeutical significance of clopimozide in the treatment of chronic psychotic patients. AB - This report, which concerns both an open and a double-blind study, describes the activity profile and optimum daily dose of clopimozide (R 29 764) investigated in 40 chronic psychotic patients. The results of the open study indicated that clopimozide represents an equal, if not superior, choice versus the other neuroleptics which the patients had been receiving before the open study. Patients sought more contact with those surrounding them, were less preoccupied with their delusions and hallucinations, and showed a better adapted social behaviour. However, these results were not confirmed by the data from the double blind study-showing that clopimozide was less superior to the placebo than expected on the basis of the open trial. Two hypotheses are advanced to explain this discrepancy: first, the difference in investigational method and second, possible over-dosage of the drug at an average optimum daily dose of 13.95 mg. PMID- 37698 TI - Adverse reactions to antihypertensive drugs, reported to the Swedish Adverse Drug Reaction Committee. PMID- 37699 TI - Registration of side effects by means of a questionnaire. PMID- 37700 TI - Adverse reactions to antihypertensive drug therapy: central nervous system. PMID- 37701 TI - Vasospastic phenomena in patients treated with beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents. AB - Twenty-one patients developed Raynaud's phenomenon during treatment with beta adrenoceptor blocking agents. The vasospastic symptoms were obviously related to the treatment, but their pathogenesis is still controversial. A decrease in cardiac output might explain the phenomenon. According to our very preliminary data an alpha-adrenergic dominance caused by a direct effect on the peripheral circulation seems more probable. Vasospastic symptoms may arise after treatment with both cardioselective and non-selective beta blocking agents. Cautious prescription of beta blocking drugs to patients with preexisting peripheral vascular disease is recommended. PMID- 37702 TI - Kidney damage induced by antihypertensive treatment. PMID- 37703 TI - Negative consequences of blood pressure reduction. Respiratory aspects. PMID- 37704 TI - Negative consequences of blood pressure reduction. The effect of sympathetic inhibition on plasma levels of catecholamines, growth hormone, glucagon and cortisol. PMID- 37705 TI - Effect of antihypertensive therapy on electrolytes. PMID- 37706 TI - Impairment of glucose metabolism during treatment with antihypertensive drugs. AB - A reversible deterioration of the oral glucose tolerance has been reported in subjects with initially impaired glucose tolerance when starting to take oral diuretics. This does not seem to be the case in subjects with an initially unimpaired glucose tolerance. A deterioration in the diabetic state is commonly seen when diuretics are given to subjects with clinical diabetes. Our knowledge about the effect of beta-blockers on the glucose tolerance is limited. As for diuretics there seems to be an overrepresentation of diabetics among subjects taking beta-blockers. This overrepresentation can probably be explained by an association between diabetes and disturbances in which diuretics and beta blockers are commonly used such as arterial hypertension and ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 37707 TI - Elevated serum uric acid levels during treatment with antihypertensive drugs. AB - An increase in serum uric acid levels has been observed both during treatment with diuretics and beta-blockers. The increase during treatment with beta blockers seems in most cases to be of no clinical importance and is not a reason for serum uric acid determinations of subjects who have no symptoms indicating hyperuricaemia. During treatment with diuretics in those doses which have been commonly used previously, e.g. hydrochlorothiazide or chlorthalidone greater than or equal to 50 mg/d, an increase on an average of about 90 mumol/l is to be expected. When low-dose diuretics are used (e.g. hydrochlorothiazide or chlorthalidone less than or equal to 25 mg/d) about half of this increase might be anticipated. It is recommended that serum uric acid levels should be studied after starting antihypertensive treatment with diuretics. PMID- 37708 TI - Cutaneous side effects from beta-blockers and other antihypertensive agents. PMID- 37709 TI - Negative consequences of blood pressure reduction. Systemic blood pressure and the eye. PMID- 37710 TI - Serum lipid changes during treatment with antihypertensive drugs. PMID- 37711 TI - Fetal effects of antihypertensive drugs. PMID- 37712 TI - Parkinson's disease--II. Aging and neuroendocrine relationships. PMID- 37713 TI - Aging and neurotransmitter systems. PMID- 37714 TI - Some neuroendocrine aspects of aging. PMID- 37715 TI - Antisera cause alterations in morphology and enzyme activity in the plasma membrane of rat thymocytes. PMID- 37716 TI - Survival and immunological responsiveness of rat-mouse bone marrow chimeras. PMID- 37717 TI - Graft-versus-host induced immunosuppression associated with an increased thymic mitogen response. PMID- 37718 TI - Thymic microenvironment changes associated with graft-versus-host immunosuppression. PMID- 37719 TI - Isoelectric focusing pattern of acid phosphatase in normal splenic tissue, in the lysosomal fraction of viable splenic lymphocytes and in cases of hairy cell leukemia. PMID- 37720 TI - Effect of thymic humoral factor (THF) in vitro on bone marrow and blood cells from B, T and null cell acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL). PMID- 37721 TI - The rationale of treating high blood pressure in the elderly. AB - The elderly are at risk from stroke and cardiac complications of hypertension. There is strong circumstantial evidence to indicate that these risks may be reduced by hypotensive therapy. However, the decision to treat must be taken after careful appraisal of the patient and, because the risks of therapy are higher in this age group, the choice of drugs should be restricted. PMID- 37722 TI - Irritant actions of unphysiological pH values. A controlled procedure to test for topical irritancy. AB - The abdominal skin of juvenile white mice was used. Topical application was accomplished by intracutaneous injection. The solutions tested were thoroughly standardized. By using a special buffer system, a mixture of histidine glutamate and lysine glutamate, each pH value could be tested with the same buffer capacity. The pH values varied from pH 3 to pH 11, the solutions being always iso osmolalic with plasma. Two criteria were used to judge the irritancy: (a) the edematous reaction for the first 6 h and (b) the macroscopic aspect after 24 h. A very special procedure enabled us to obtain objective numerical values for criterion (a). The results disclose that irritation becomes manifest at pH 4 and pH 10, becomes clear-cut with pH 3 and even more so with pH 11, and depends strongly on the buffer capacity employed. With two substances-amidosulfuric acid and (tri) sodium phosphate--it was exemplified how the procedure could be used to routinely screen for topical irritancy in an informative, inexpensive and decent manner. PMID- 37723 TI - European Branch of Histamine Club. Seventh annual meeting, May 2-4 1978, Lodz (Poland) [proceedings]. PMID- 37724 TI - Reactivity of isolated canine bronchus and pulmonary blood vessels to autonomic, autacoid agents and antigen. AB - Adult dogs were sensitized to horse plasma. Reactivity of isolated bronchus and pulmonary blood vessels to antigen and some selected autonomic and autacoid agents were studied. Pulmonary veins contracted to bradykinin, 5-HT, PGF2alpha, PGE2, histamine, carbachol and antigen (Schultz-Dale reaction). Pulmonary arterial strips contracted to 5-HT and histamine, but only weakly to horse plasma. Bronchial strips contracted to carbachol, 5-HT, histamine and horse plasma, relaxed to isoprenaline, PGE1 and PGE2. Subsequent antigen challenge produced 'desensitization'. Allowing the tissues to 'rest' for 1 and 2 h resulted in partial 'recovery' of the anaphylactic response. This investigation suggests that the contractions of sensitized pulmonary vein and bronchus to specific antigen may contribute to the patho-physiology of pulmonary hypersensitivity in dogs. PMID- 37725 TI - Histaminases in human placenta and seminal fluid and their possible similarities to lysyl oxidase [proceedings]. PMID- 37726 TI - Do H2-receptor antagonists inhibit gastric secretion induced by cholinergic agonists? [proceedings]. PMID- 37727 TI - Histamine receptors mediating cyclic AMP accumulation in slices from guinea-pig hippocampus: characterization and localization [proceedings]. PMID- 37728 TI - Effect of histamine H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, on hypothermia induced by an alpha-adrenergic agonist, clonidine, in the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 37729 TI - The influence of histamine H2-receptor antagonists on monoaminergic systems in rat brain [proceedings]. PMID- 37730 TI - A critique of the U.S. standard for industrial exposure to sodium hydroxide aerosols. AB - Published studies of the toxicity of sodium hydroxide aerosols are few. These studies were generally marred by inadequate characterization of particle size and chemical compositon and of the ambient humidity. Because NaOH aerosols can readily undergo reaction with carbon dioxide to form sodium carbonate, a much less alkaline (and less hygroscopic) compound, these shortcomings may warrant a reconsideration of the NaOH standard and the consideration of a Na2CO3 standard. PMID- 37731 TI - The stone that the builders rejected. PMID- 37732 TI - Intravenous prophylhexedrine (Benzedrex(r)) abuse and sudden death. AB - Propylhexedrine was implicated in 15 deaths investigated by the Dallas County Medical Examiner since 1973. Twelve of the deaths were attributable to intravenous abuse of the contents of the Benzedrex(r) inhaler. Each death could be defined as sudden. Pulmonary edema, foreign body granulomas, fibrosis and evidence of pulmonary hypertension were frequent postmortem findings. Right ventricular hypertrophy was present in nine of the 12 subjects who died of intravenous propylhexedrine abuse. Two homicides and one suicide were propylhexedrine-related. Intravenous propylhexedrine abuse should be considered in the differential diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy and/or pulmonary hypertension, and it should be suspected in cases of sudden death involving young adults displaying evidence of intravenous drug abuse. PMID- 37733 TI - Case report. Immunological studies in a case of hepatitis following methyldopa administration. AB - Jaundice with evidence of hepatocellular damage of moderate severity was observed in a patient who received methyldopa. The diffuse mononuclear infiltration of the liver tissue was found to consist of 90% E-rosette-forming cells. Peripheral lymphocytes gave a markedly positive macrophage migration inhibition (MIF) test against methyldopa. The number of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was at the lower limit of normal but they proved to be functionally inactive, as demonstrated by the results of a local xenogeneic graft-vs-host reaction test. The liver disease was associated with hyperglobulinemia, a decrease of the third and fourth components of complement and the presence of incomplete erythrocytic antibodies, leukoagglutinins, antinuclear factor, and smooth muscle antibody. Follow-up after discontinuation of the drug revealed a gradual return to normal of liver function and MIF tests, normalization of cellular immunity, and disappearance of the humoral antibodies. It is assumed that sensitization by methyldopa triggered the autoaggressive phenomena and their ultimate manifestation in the liver. PMID- 37734 TI - The relationship of heart rate patterns and tissue pH in the human fetus. AB - The relationship between different FHR patterns and fetal tissue pH in 68 high risk gravidas in labor was analyzed. A tissue pH electrode was placed in the fetal scalp and tissue pH recorded on a fetal monitor every 15 seconds along with uterine contractions and continuous fetal heart rate. The tissue pH changes correlated with the FHR patterns in a manner consistent with current concepts of fetal stress. Trend monitoring of fetal tissue pH in labor may prove useful in the management of high-risk patients in labor. PMID- 37735 TI - Fetal heart rate variability: an approach to automated assessment. AB - Three hundred seventy-five hours of fetal heart rate (FHR) data derived from the direct fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) were studied. This data had been stored on magnetic tape from 83 intrapartum patients. By means of a computerized technique, the FHR variability was assessed quantitatively. The degree of variability was then related to: (1) state of labor, (2) fetal scalp pH values, and (3) the 1 minute Apgar score. FHR variability was computed from differences between consecutive R-R intervals measured from the R wave of each fetal ECG. A trend of increasing variability was seen with advancing labor, defined by either time prior to delivery or cervical dilatation, but values were not statistically significant. Significantly less FHR variability was encountered when fetal scalp pH values below 7.20 were compared to higher values. FHR variability assessed during the 20 minutes immediately preceding delivery was significantly lower in infants with 1-minute Apgar scores less than 7. Machine assessment of FHR variability thus could be correlated with fetal condition as determined by scalp pH and neonatal outcome determined by Apgar score. PMID- 37736 TI - The prevention of cervical cancer. PMID- 37737 TI - Irrigation of the anterior chamber for the treatment of alkali burns. AB - A 31-year-old man had sodium hydroxide blown into his amblyopic left eye after an explosion caused by placing solid sodium hydroxide cleanser into a plugged drain. The eye was treated with topical and intraocular irrigation, and lactated Ringer's solution and the patient was given topical antibiotics, systemic and topical corticosteroids, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Acetylcysteine drops were administered, and a contact lens was placed. The patient subsequently developed severe pain, hypopyon, and hyphema. The cornea was ulcerated and perforated 27 days after injury, and the eye was enucleated 70 days after injury. PMID- 37738 TI - The 11th Pupil Colloquium, London, April 4-7, 1979. PMID- 37739 TI - Histopathologic sequence of events in adult mice undergoing lethal graft-versus host reaction developed across H-2 and/or non-H-2 histocompatibility barriers. AB - The sequence of histologic events in graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) caused by major and/or minor histoincompatibilities was studied. It was discovered that GVHR may manifest itself in the form of two distinct multiphasic disease entities, depending on whether the donor cells are incompatible with the host for both major and minor histocompatibility antigens ("major GVHR") or for minor histocompatibility antigens alone ("minor GVHR"). The acute or major GVHR has four phases: 1) a transient phase of aplasia, 2) a repopulation phase, 3) a proliferative phase involving lymphoid, presumably immunocompetent, cells, and 4) a phase of acute organ rejection (terminal). The chronic or minor GVHR is characterized by six phases, namely: 1) a transient phase of aplasia, 2) a repopulation phase, 3) a phase of proliferation and tissue infiltration by lymphoid, presumably immunocompetent cells, 4) a phase of major immunologic injuries, 5) a phase of repair, and 6)a terminal phase with advanced sclerosis and proliferative glomerulonephritis. In acute or major GVHR the disease was manifested by the tissue reactions characteristic of acute organ rejection. Lesions were seen in the kidney, liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, intestine, and skin. In the chronic or minor GVHR, tissue injuries were more widespread, affecting the collagen, vessel walls, adipose tissue, renal glomeruli, heart muscle, fascias of skeletal muscles, lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, intestine, skin, esophageal mucosa, and urinary tract. A pronounced plasma cell proliferation was a striking feature in the minor GVHR. Its evolution coincided with advanced thymic epithelial atrophy. It is suggested that the destruction of thymic epithelium resulted in depletion of suppressor T cells and, consequently, in an unopposed proliferation of plasma cells. PMID- 37740 TI - The endodermal origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells. Histopathologic evidence and a review of the literature. AB - Twenty-seven small cell carcinomas of the lung and three tumors of the large intestine with combined adenocarcinomatous and small cell and/or anaplastic carcinoid-type histologic features were studied by light and electron microscopy. It was shown that the small cells have morphologic characteristics of APUD cells. Also presented are the histologic features of a carcinoma of the lung with large cell undifferentiated carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and giant cell carcinoma areas in the primary site and in several metastatic foci. Two of the renal metastases showed small cell carcinoma. The combined tumors and the numerous other similar neoplasms described in the literature and reviewed here suggest an endodermal origin for digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells based on the hypothesis that cancer is a clonal proliferation, and mucous and squamous cell differentiation is an endodermal rather than neural crest characteristic. The ultrastructural features of tumors of cells of known neural crest origin, including a medullary carcinoma of the thyroid, three carotid body tumors, a pheochromocytoma, and two cutaneous melanomas were compared with those of other APUD cell tumors including small cell carcinomas of the lung, two bronchial carcinoids, a carcinoid of the appendix, and a carcinoid of the kidney. Cells of the latter group sometimes possessed cytoplasmic tonofibrils, round compact masses of cytoplasmic microfilaments, and ductal lumina. These features were lacking in the former group and may signify a different embryologic origin. The histologic, histopathologic, and embryologic evidence regarding the origin of digestive and respiratory tract APUD cells is reviewed, showing that the former are, and the latter probably are, of endodermal and not neuroectodermal origin. PMID- 37741 TI - Depression, facilitation, and mobilization of transmitter at the rat diaphragm neuromuscular junction. AB - The characteristics of depression, facilitation, and mobilization of transmitter were examined at the rat diaphragm neuromuscular junction. Intracellular recording techniques were used to monitor end-plate potentials (EPPs), miniature end-plate potentials (MEPPs) and the muscle resting potentials. The cut-muscle technique was used to prevent muscle action potentials. Quantal release was determined by the direct method. The binomial statistical parameters, releasable store (n) and probability of release (p), were examined under various stimulating conditions to determine the basis for depression and facilitation. The present experiments demonstrate that p remains unchanged during repetitive nerve stimulation at low or moderately high frequencies. The experiments demonstrate that depression is due to a decrease in n and facilitation is due to an elevation in n. It is suggested that the increase in n during facilitation is due to a transient recruitment of inactive releasing sites. Substantial replenishment of n by mobilization occurs within a few ms after a stimulus but a slow residual rate of mobilization is needed to replenish n to resting levels. PMID- 37742 TI - Intracellular pH measurements in gastric mucosa. AB - Intracellular pH was measured in bullfrog gastric mucosa using a pH-indicator dye, bromthymol blue (BTB), with a spectrophotometric technique. Studies showed that BTB is taken up by the gastric mucosa and bound to intracellular components. The binding of BTB was shown to cause a shift in the pKa of the dye from the solution value of 6.95 to a value of 8.0. During the nonsecreting state, intracellular pH was estimated to be 7.4 (metiamide inhibition) or 7.1 (SCN inhibition). During active secretion of acid, intracellular pH increased with increasing secretion rates, reaching values in excess of pH 8. Using preparations from which the surface epithelial cells had been removed, it was shown that at least a portion of the alkaline response to stimulation occurs in the oxyntic or tubular cells. The results are interpreted in view of existing models for the chemical reaction involved in gastric acid secretion. PMID- 37743 TI - Regulation of glutamate metabolism by renal cortical mitochondria. PMID- 37744 TI - Sympathetic hyperresponsiveness to hypothalamic stimulation in young hypertensive rats. AB - The possible occurrence of central sympathetic dysfunction during development of spontaneous hypertension was studied by recording aortic pressure and sympathetic nerve activity concurrently during electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus in 9-wk-old Kyoto-Wistar rats. Even at this early age, basal levels for both measurements were already elevated significantly in those with spontaneous hypertension. Increases in sympathetic neural firing induced by graded hypothalamic stimulation were always followed by corresponding increases in blood pressure; magnitude of both effects was appreciably larger in spontaneously hypertensive than in normotensive rats, as was the vasodepression caused by blocking autonomic ganglia with pentolinium. By contrast, pressor responses to injected norepinephrine were almost equal thereby suggesting that cardiovascular reactivity was unaltered and that enhanced responsiveness to hypothalamic stimulation was directly due to the concomitant increase in sympathetic nerve activity. Although the exact site from which sympathetic hyperactivity originates was unidentified, our results support the interpretation that sympathetic mechanisms involving the posterior hypothalamus participate in elevating blood pressure during development of spontaneous hypertension in rats. PMID- 37745 TI - Influence of volume dilution, lactate, phosphate, and calcium on mitochondrial functions. AB - Oxidative phosphorylation of isolated canine myocardial mitochondria has been evaluated after exposure to different concentrations of phosphate (5--50 mM), lactate ion in excess (5--40 mM, pH 7.4), calcium (50--270 nmol/mg protein), to lactic acidosis (pH 6.3), and to mitochondrial protein dilution (in vitro volume expansion) for 10 min to 8 h. The influence of phosphate and lactate ion addition, lactic acidosis, and in vitro volume expansion on mitochondrial function were studied in the isolation medium (0.18 M KCl, 0.5% BSA (bovine serum albumin), with or without Tris-EDTA, pH 7.4) prior to evaluation of mitochondrial function in the assay medium (0.25 M sucrose, 10 mM Tris-HCl, and 10 mM inorganic phosphate, pH 7.4). The effect of calcium addition was assessed in the assay medium. The results of these studies demonstrate that each of these interventions detrimentally alters mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylative ability. The most severe mitochondrial functional impairment resulted from phosphate or calcium addition. The detrimental effect of phosphate and in vitro volume expansion was partially corrected by the addition of cytochrome c. PMID- 37746 TI - Lateralized neuropsychological dysfunction in affective disorder and schizophrenia. AB - The authors compared the cognitive functioning of 22 schizophrenic patients, 105 patients with affective disorder, and 99 age-matched normal control subjects. Results of an aphasia screening test indicated that the schizophrenic patients made more total errors and more dominant temporal/temporoparietal errors than patients with affective disorders and that patients in both groups made more errors than controls. Patient sex, age, drug treatment received at test time, previous neuroleptic drug treatment, and severity of illness did not account for the differences. These findings support the validity of the authors' diagnostic research criteria and confirm prior reports of differences in dominant hemisphere dysfunction between schizophrenic patients and patients with affective disease. PMID- 37747 TI - Calcium: pacesetting the periodic psychoses. AB - In this double-blind study dihydrotachysterol (DHT) was given orally to eight psychotic patients; in each case marked increases in psychosis and agitation accompanied increases in serum calcium and phosphorus within two weeks after active drug was substituted for placebo. In the three patients whose psychoses exhibited periodic spontaneous exacerbations, the agitated episodes grew more severe. Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) increased in all but one patient. By contrast, when three periodically psychotic patients received synthetic salmon calcitonin (SCT), the severity and frequency of agitated episodes decreased while CSF calcium increased in all three. These data support the hypothesis that the observed abrupt increases in serum calcium and phosphorus might cause the opposite CSF calcium shifts, the behavioral agitation and the increases in serum CPK frequently noted during acute psychosis. PMID- 37748 TI - Oculomotor signs in a psychiatric population: a preliminary report. AB - Oculomotor signs were evaluated in 172 psychiatric patients. Schizophrenic patients demonstrated a significantly higher incidence of staring, pursuit breaks, and lateral glances than did controls or other psychiatric patients. Oculomotor signs may help to differentiate schizophrenia from affective and nonpsychotic disorders. Patients with tardive dyskinesia and patients treated with tricyclic antidepressants demonstrated a significant elevation in mean blink rate. Elevated blink rates may be on early indicator of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 37749 TI - Amelioration of drug-induced Parkinsonism by ECT. PMID- 37750 TI - Statistical shortcomings? PMID- 37751 TI - EEG observations in confirming neurotoxicity. PMID- 37752 TI - The Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy. Proceedings. PMID- 37753 TI - Management of character disorders in a hospital setting. AB - Management of the character disorders in a hospital is synonymous with the therapeutic process itself. No single mode of therapy is the answer. The key seems to be a structured social setting, a therapeutic milieu involving an interdisciplinary team approach in which harmony, mutual trust and relative agreement about patient goals prevail. PMID- 37754 TI - The pharmacologic treatment of depression. AB - This article focuses on the treatment of depression with special reference to pharmacotherapy. The treatment-resistant case and the possible means of resolving its problems are highlighted. The role of ECT will be considered. Long-term maintenance treatment with antidepressant medication for patients with cyclic occurrences is recommended. PMID- 37755 TI - Experimental evaluation of myocardial preservation techniques: IV. Potassium cardioplegia. AB - To investigate whether potassium per se plays a significant role in cold potassium cardioplegia, isolated blood-perfused rabbit papillary muscle preparations were used to determine the recovery of myocardial contractility after normothermic anoxia. Cardioplegia was induced by infusing an isotonic electrolyte solution containing either 5 or 40 mEq/liter of potassium chloride. Anoxic periods of 30 minutes (9 experiments each) 45 minutes (10 experiments each), and 60 minutes (1 experiment each) were compared. Hearts stopped contracting in 45 seconds with infusion of a 40mEq/liter of potassium chloride solution compared to 5 minutes with a 5 mEq/liter solution. After 30 minutes of anoxia, myocardial recovery was 65.39 +/- 24.48 per cent with 5 mEq/liter of potassium chloride and 90.05 +/- 6.40 per cent with 40mEq/liter of potassium chloride. The difference was highly significant (p less than 0.01). After 45 minutes of anoxia the same trend as just described was noted, but the difference was statistically insignificant. After 60 minutes of anoxia, recovery was extremely poor regardless of the potassium concentration of the cardioplegic solution. Our conclusion was that a high potassium solution will arrest the heart rapidly and provide protection against anoxic injury of the myocardium. Its protective effect becomes less significant, however, as the anoxic time is prolonged. PMID- 37756 TI - Orchiopexy: contraindications. PMID- 37757 TI - [Doppler ultrasonic measurement for diagnosing carotid occlusions and stenoses (author's transl)]. AB - Doppler ultrasonic measurements were performed in 74 patients suffering from cerebrovascular disorders. Flow direction was determined in the supratrochlear artery by using a directional Doppler sonographic instrument according to the method of Keller et al. 15 patients presented, unilateral or bilateral, with a flow reversal (i.e. direction of flow into the orbita via supratrochlear artery). In 8 of these patients carotis or aoitic arch angiographies were performed and in 4 cases necropsy reports were available. In all instances where flow reversal occurred severe carotid stenoses or occlusions were demonstrable. Thus 9 internal carotid occlusions, 1 common carotid occlusion, and 3 severe internal carotid stenoses were proved. One internal carotid occlusion and 3 internal carotid stenoses were operated on. Check-up sonograms after endarterectomy of carotid occlusions or stenoses showed a normal antegrade flow thus demonstrating patency of the carotid vessels. Obviously, supratrochlear flow reversal as measured by ultrasonic technique signals ipsilateral carotid vessel occlusion or stenoses. Furthermore, the method seems to be a reliable means for controlling carotid endarterectomy. PMID- 37758 TI - [Incidence and peculiar changes in the electrocardiogram of patients after cerebrovascular insults.--Epidemiological study of 70--105-year-old people (author's transl)]. AB - An epidemicological study of 70 to 105-year-old people revealed a frequency of cerebrovascular insults from 1,8% of living and of 23,9 respectively 34,4% of deceased men or women. As typical changes of the electrocardiogram in recent insults are to be found prolongations of the QT-interval, large and often terminal negative T-waves as well as large and high, but over the left precordium often negative U-waves. PMID- 37759 TI - [Indoor treatment of involutional depressions in cerebro-vascular insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - In this study we are reporting about our results concerning a combined therapy of short-time hospitalized patients, who suffered from an involutional depression and a cerebro-vascular-insufficiency. All patients had been treated outdoor without sufficient results before this. We could see, that all patients who had suffered their acute state within the last 18 months had good or very good improvements. Patients suffering already for several years showed no improvement in spite of all our efforts to promote the cerebral blood flow, the metabolic situation and the environment situation. These results proved, that one should start with a proper therapy of infusions and workshop rehabilitation immediately after the first sign of an involutional depression and cerebro-vascular insufficiency. PMID- 37760 TI - Electronmicroscopical and immunoelectronmicroscopical examination of the lymphocytes of young and old people after influenza vaccination. AB - Authors examined the lymphocytes of young and old individuals before, 6 days and 6 weeks after influenza vaccination. Vaccination was carried out with killed Influenza B/Hong-Kong virus. Electronmicroscopic structure of the lymphocytes and membrane bound surface IgG and IgM were studied. Membrane bound surface IgG and IgM were seen on the small lymphocytes and on the membrane of the medium-sized lymphocytes in young and aged individuals before and after vaccination. In both age groups intracytoplasmic tubuloreticular structures were seen in the lymphocytes. These findings were not age dependent alterations. Age dependent changes could be detected on the mitochondria of the lymphoid cells. The mitochondrial crysts in aged individuals disappeared and were replaced by myelin like forms or by faint density substance. The mitochondrial changes were present before vaccination and after vaccination in non labelled, presumably T lymphocytes. The injury of the mitochondrium can influence the function and the proliferative capacity of the cells. PMID- 37761 TI - [The effect of 6-methyl-prednisolone on the activity of beta-glucuronidase in mesenchymal and parenchymal organs of the rat during postnatal development (author's transl)]. PMID- 37762 TI - [In memoriam Professor F. Verzar, 1886--1979]. PMID- 37763 TI - [Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment of the "postgastrectomy syndrome" (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence rate of complications in patients, who underwent stomach resection as surgical treatment procedure is rather high (20%). Postprandial syndromes (dumping syndrome, lactose-intolerance, afferent loop-syndrome), malabsorption syndromes (anemia, osteopathia, steatorrhea, protein deficiency) and late organic manifestations (anastomotic and suture ulcers, retrograde intussusception, gastric-stump carcinoma) were usually summarized as "postgastrectomy syndrome". A review of pathogenesis, symptoms and therapeutic approach for the various postoperative disorders is given. Selective proximal vagotomy as the surgical treatment procedure of choice is emphasized. PMID- 37764 TI - [Reconstructive measures to prevent lower extremity amputation for atherosclerotic occlusive disease in old age and the results obtained between 1973 to 1977 (author's transl)]. AB - Within a 5-year-period 102 patients over the age of 70 were admitted with atherosclerotic occlusive disease. All patients had rest pain or necrosis. In 12,8% only a primary amputation could be performed. The procedures and results of reconstructive surgery on 89 patients were demonstrated: mortality rate of 11,2%, a secondary amputation rate of 13,5% and improvement of 75,3%. The problems after amputation in the senium are discussed. PMID- 37765 TI - [Heel necrosis: a complication of geriatric diseases (author's transl)]. AB - 12 heel necroses were seen in a group of 596 geriatric patients. The patients average age was 73 years. 3 tentative causes for the development of heel necrosis were investigated. 1. Imobility, 2. Arterial occlusive disease, and 3. Diabetes. Immobility was demonstrable in all cases. Additionally, arterial occlusions of the leg were present in 7 and diabetes in 6 patients. The percentage of arterial occlusion and diabetes was significantly higher in the heel necrosis group than in the overall hospital cohort. The two diseases can be looked upon as risk factors for the development of heel necrosis. PMID- 37766 TI - [Affective disturbances in old age. Introduction]. PMID- 37767 TI - A field study of depression in old age. AB - The frequency and nature of depression were studied in a random sample of septuagenarians obtained from the Birth Register of the City of Helsinki. Out of 400 newborns in 1903, 261 were pronounced dead in 1973. Of the remaining 139, 106 were examined. Four were chronic mental patients. In the clinical examination of the remaining 102 subjects, 25 were diagnosed as depressive. According to the Beck Depression Inventory 29, or 48.9 percent of the 60 subjects who consented to psychological testing, were depressive. In half of the 25 depressive subjects, chronic disabling disease was the main etiological factor. In the other cases, the main causes were loss of significant personality retirement, and other psychosocial factors involved in aging. Frequency of hypochondria was only 3.9 percent. The prognosis of active treatment was deemed good in the subjects with psychosocial disturbances. Interest in physical exercises and participation in voluntary associations correlated with absence of depression. PMID- 37768 TI - Treatment modalities in the affective disorders of old age. AB - In summary, I have reviewed the application of three major treatment modalities, psychotherapy, drug therapy, and electroconvulsive therapy, to the affective disorders of old age. Older patients are remarkably responsive to each of these forms of psychotherapy. Certain modifications in therapeutic approach must be introduced to make them effective. However, once these modifications are implemented many older patients can return to normal and satisfying lives following effective treatment of their affective disorders. PMID- 37769 TI - Some remarks on the wish to die at life's end. PMID- 37770 TI - [The effect of timolol and parasympathicomimetica in the treatment of the elevated intraocular pressure (author's transl)]. AB - 45 patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma were tested to see if, and to what extent timolol and three other different parasympathicomimetics (pilocarpine 2%, carbachol 1.5%, aceclydine 2%) produced an supplementary reduction of the intraocular pressure. An equally marked, additional drop in eye pressure was achieved when patients who had been given timolol over an extended period of time, were additionally treated with one dose of pilocarpine 2% or carbachol 1.5%. Aceclydine 2% produced no statistically significant additional effect. Patients who had only been treated with pilocarpine 2% over an extended period of time and then were given one dose of timolol 0.25% produced a drop in eye presure more than double that of those patients who had been primarily treated with timolol and then received pilocarpine or carbachol. These results will be discussed on the basis of the mode of action of the applied medications. PMID- 37771 TI - [Influence of narcotic analgesics, droperidol, diazepam, and flunitrazepam on the smooth muscles of small arteries (author's transl)]. AB - In isolated segments of the rat tail artery, the influence of narcotic analgesics, their antagonists, droperidol, diazepam, and flunitrazepam on the vascular smooth muscle was investigated. The wall of this vessel consists of about 75 per cent smooth muscle fibres. For all agents studied, pressure-diameter relations were determined before and after a virtually maximum constriction which was induced with noradrenaline. The results were compared with those obtained under control conditions, i.e. prior to the addition of the drugs to the bath solution. Tested in pure Tyrode's solution, none of the agents produced a noticeable constriction or relaxation. Among the analgesics and their antagonists, morphine was the most potent in inhibiting the noradrenaline-induced constriction of the vessel (mean increase in diameter 15%). Pentazocine and levallorphan were less effective (mean increase 8%), and the administration of pethidine and naloxone was followed by even less relaxation, resulting in mean diameter increases of 4%. Piritramide and fentanyl did not show any effect. Depending on the pressure level, droperidol caused the diameter to increase 2 to 10%. Flunitrazepam brought about a marked relaxation (mean increase in diameter 15%), diazepam, however, did not influence the vessel segments. The results obtained show that the haemodynamic effects of the drugs used in this study, in particular those on the peripheral resistance, may, at least partially, be due to their direct influences on the vascular smooth muscle. The real pharmacologic mechanisms by which these effects are initiated, in most cases still remain to be investigated. PMID- 37772 TI - [Influence of combined moderate arterial hypoxaemia and moderate hypovolaemic hypotension on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxidative and energy metabolism in the dog (author's transl)]. AB - The influence on total cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rates for oxygen, carbon dioxide, glucose, lactate and pyruvate and on cerebral grey matter content of glucose, lactate and pyruvate and high energy phosphate compounds of combined moderate reduction in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and moderate arterial hypoxaemia was studied. Individually arterial hypoxaemia and arterial hypotension of the same degree would neither impair autoregulation of cerebral blood flow nor cerebral oxygen availability. Four groups of 10 dogs each were studied under control conditions (group I), with reduction of CPP to 70 mm Hg (group II), with reduction of paO2 to 45 mm Hg (group III) or with a combination of these degrees of hypotension and hypoxaemia (group IV) after steady states of 30 min duration. Cbf was elevated by 40% in group III (p less than or equal to 0.01), CMRO2 was reduced significantly in group IV (p less than or equal to 0.01, CMR lactate was raised significantly in all three experimental groups (p less than or equal to 0.01). All other data were not significantly different from values in control animals. Cerebral tissue lactate content was elevated significantly in groups II to IV as compared to controls (less than or equal to 0.05); changes in cerebral tissue content of glucose and energy rich phosphate compounds were not statistically significant. From the seemingly normal cerebral blood flow in hypotensive-hypoxaemic dogs it is concluded that autoregulation of cerebral blood flow has become ineffective because of vasodilatation consequent upon arterial hypoxaemia. Reduction of CMRO2 in this group points to metabolic insufficiency and to relative cerebral hypoperfusion, but since changes in cerebral content of high energy phosphate compounds were not significant, severe tissue hypoxia may be excluded. The increase in cerebral tissue lactate content is attributable to increased glycolytic activity known from hypotensive and hypoxaemic states. The present investigation suggests that in patients with hypoxaemia and hypotension, brain function may be endangered by a similarly marked change of circulatory and metabolic parameters. PMID- 37773 TI - Optimized reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of cinnamic acids and related compounds. PMID- 37774 TI - Use of charcoal adsorption for the microassay of acetyl-CoA-hydrolase. PMID- 37775 TI - Analytical techniques for cell fractions. XXIV. Isoelectric point stadnards for two-dimensional electrophoresis. PMID- 37776 TI - A simple assembly for anaerobic spectrophotometric reaction kinetics studies. PMID- 37777 TI - A simplified procedure for the isolation of pig kidney D-amino acid oxidase. PMID- 37778 TI - Measurement of renin and substrate concentrations in human serum. PMID- 37779 TI - Frustrated multiple internal reflection infrared spectroscopic studies on 1H--2H exchange in protein films. PMID- 37780 TI - Ellman's reagent: 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)--a reexamination. PMID- 37781 TI - A modified radioisotopic assay for measuring glutamine synthetase activity in tissue extracts. PMID- 37782 TI - A more sensitive assay discriminating galactosamine and glucosamine in mixtures. PMID- 37783 TI - Fluorometric analysis of polyamines, histamine, and 1-methylhistamine. PMID- 37784 TI - Andrenogonadal interactions in nicotine-induced alteration of steroidogenesis in male rat. AB - Chronic nicotine administration in larger doses inhibits steroidogenesis in testis. This inhibition is possibly secondary to increased adrenomedullary norepinephrine activity, since the anti-steroidogenic effect of nicotine can be prevented by alpha-adrenergic blocker like phentolamine. In vitro incubation of testicular slices with nicotine failed to elicit any appreciable effect on delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity indicating lack of direct action of nicotine on testicular steroidogenesis. PMID- 37785 TI - Mechanisms of vasodilatation and antivasoconstriction. PMID- 37786 TI - Desensitization of the beta-adrenergic receptor on leucocytes after long-term oral use of a beta-sympathicomimetic; its effect on the beta-adrenergic blockade hypothesis of Szentivanyi. AB - Development of beta-receptor desensitization in leucocytes of asthmatics and normals during oral therapy with terbutaline was established by means of in vitro stimulation with terbutaline and isoproterenol. This desensitization disappeared about one week after oral therapy was discontinued. In addition no difference in stimulation pattern, measured as increase in intracellular c-AMP content, was determined between asthmatics and normals when both were not receiving therapy. Even when the asthmatics showed strong bronchial hyperreactivity no difference was found. These results do not support the beta-adrenergic blockade hypothesis of Szentivanyi. PMID- 37787 TI - Enzymes of bee venom, sac and whole body. AB - By using the Api-Zym System 55 enzymes were determined to be present in bee venom, venom sac, sacless whole body extract and whole body commercial extracts. Acid phosphatase activity was high in bee venom and sacless whole body extracts. Arylamidase activities were elevated in sacless whole body extracts and very low or undetectable in venoms. Conversely, glycyl-prolin arylamidase activity was high in venoms and very low in the other extracts. PMID- 37788 TI - Intradermal responses to common bacterial antigens: influences of sex and clinical condition. AB - Intradermal responses to antigens of 12 common bacteria were evaluated in 218 dermatologic and 155 respiratory patients. Women responded more frequently than men and respiratory patients responded significantly more frequently than dermatologic patients to certain antigens. Interpretation of interspecies associations of responses suggested that certain organisms may be key species in the development of bacterial hypersensitivity. PMID- 37789 TI - Ventilatory control in patients with hypoxemia due to obstructive lung disease. AB - In 20 patients with chronic hypoxemia due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we measured responses to CO2 and hypoxia in terms of ventilation and P0.1, the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles during the first 0.1 s of inspiratory effort against a closed airway at functional residual capacity. These responses were compared to those of a control group of 17 patients with similar ventilatory abnormality but without hypoxemia. Hypoxemic patients demonstrated significantly less response to hypoxia than did control subjects in terms of both ventilation and P0.1 The decreased hypoxic response might be analogous to that reported in high altitude dwellers and patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Ventilatory responses to CO2 were depressed in hypoxemic patients, but P0.1 responses were not significantly decreased. While breathing at rest with arterial O2 saturation of 95 per cent, hypoxemic patients demonstrated the same minute ventilation as control subjects, but tidal volume was smaller, inspiratory duration was shorter, and breathing frequency was slightly higher. This breathing pattern appeared to be independent of whether or not these patients retained CO2. PMID- 37790 TI - Effect of pH on the binding of theophylline to serum proteins. AB - The binding of theophylline to serum protein within the pH range of 7.0 to 7.8 was determined by equilibrium dialysis using serum from 8 healthy adult volunteers. The percentage of theophylline bound was independent of the total concentration of the drug, but was directly related to pH. Because changes in the free fraction of theophylline may alter the therapeutic response, toxic effects, and pharmacokinetics, any future studies of the pharmacology of theophylline should include assessment of the acid-base status of the patients and measurements of free as well as total theophylline concentrations. PMID- 37791 TI - Mouse kidney trehalase: purification and properties. AB - Trehalase (E.C.3.2.1.28) was isolated from mouse kidney and purified to homogeneity. The enzyme was solubilized with n-octanol and activated by freezing and thawing before precipitation with ammonium sulfate. A 1700-fold purification was achieved by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, SP-Sephadex, followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Only a single form of enzyme activity was shown throughout the fractionation as confirmed by gel electrophoresis of the final preparation. The enzyme was specific for trehalose and its estimated molecular weight by filtration on Sephadex G-200 was 73,000. The Km for trehalose was shown to be 2.67 x 10(-3)M and the optimum pH was in the range of 5.5-5.6. We have also shown that the optimum temperature of the enzyme is 60 degrees C, but in the absence of substrate, thermal inactivation occurred at 55 degrees C. PMID- 37792 TI - Environmental determinants of shape transition in Herpetomonas samuelpessoai [proceedings]. PMID- 37793 TI - [Endocrine studies in cryptorchidism (author's transl)]. AB - The endocrinological study of the cryptorchid testicle was carried out using a HCG and LH-RH tests to stimulate the hypophysis. Stimulation with LH-RH demonstrated a low hypophysis reserve in some cases which made suspect the presence of a hypo-stimulated testicle. One is led to believe in the heterogeneous nature of the endocrinological response. PMID- 37794 TI - Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas in multiple endocrine adenomatosis, type I. AB - In three unrelated families, four patients with multiple endocrine adenomatosis, type I, had confirmed or highly probable prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. In one patient, selective transsphenoidal tumor resection resulted in normal prolactin levels and resumption of menses. Heretofore, the majority of pituitary tumors in such patients had been thought to be nonsecreting chromophobe adenomas, but recent studies have shown that, in sporadic cases, as many as three fourths of "nonsecreting" pituitary tumors in fact secrete prolactin. Thus, based on our experience and reports of others, we believe that prolactin-secreting tumors may be common in patients with pituitary tumors as part of the syndrome of multiple endocrine adenomatosis, type I, and we recommend that serum prolactin be measured when evaluating these patients and their families. PMID- 37795 TI - Rage reaction associated with clorazepate dipotassium. PMID- 37796 TI - Basic and clinical studies of endorphins. PMID- 37797 TI - A rapid kinetic assay for glucose using glucose dehydrogenase. AB - An automated kinetic assay for the determination of glucose in blood is described. The method employs the enzyme glucose dehydrogenase in the presence of mutarotase, with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as hydrogen acceptor. The analytical parameters of the method are determined and the flexibility of the method in relation to sample volume and sensitivity is discussed. Finally, the method is compared with automated glucose oxidase and hexokinase procedures. PMID- 37798 TI - Scientific Review No. 5. Assay of cholinesterase in clinical chemistry. PMID- 37799 TI - Inappropriate methods for the emergency determination of plasma paracetamol. AB - Methods for the estimation of plasma paracetamol which depend on acid hydrolysis to p-aminophenol without a prior extraction step also measure inactive metabolites which are present in high concentrations. The extent of the overestimate obtained with such methods was determined using 24 samples from patents after paracetamol overdosage. There was a positive error of between 40 and 700% compared with a high-performance liquid chromatography reference method which measured only unchanged paracetamol. These non-specific methods should not be used to determine the need for specific therapy in patients with paracetamol poisoning. PMID- 37800 TI - [Temperature effects at the NADP+ and NAD+ levels in the mycelium of P. nigricans Thom. strains grown on different carbon sources]. AB - The effect of elevated temperature of the medium on the levels of NADP+ and NAD+ in the mycelium of highly productive strain 117 and low productive strain B of P. nigricans Thom was studied at various developmental periods on the mineral medium in the presence of glucose, succinate or acetate. It was found that in the presence of glucose the elevated temperature markedly stimulated the initial growth of the culture, decreased the level of NADP+ in strain 117 by the 48th hour and increased the level of NAD+ in both the strains. At later periods it decreased the rate of the dinucleotide accumulation during the culture development. With the use of succinate under these conditions the levels of NADP+ in both the strains during the growth phase (the 2nd and 5th days) and by the 9th day markedly increased, while the NAD+ concentration increased only by the 2nd day in both the strains and by the 9th day in strain B. When the strains were grown in the presence of acetate, the elevated temperature especially affected the level of NAD+. PMID- 37801 TI - [Ansamycins]. PMID- 37802 TI - Resistance mechanisms of multiply resistant pneumococci: antibiotic degradation studies. AB - Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae resistant to penicillin have been reported from several countries around the world. Many South African isolates, in addition, exhibit resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, clindamycin, and cotrimoxazole in varying patterns. A qualitative test of the ability of antibiotic-resistant pneumococci to inactivate penicillin, oxacillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, minocycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, and cotrimoxazole revealed that only chloramphenicol was degraded. This finding was confirmed in a quantitative test in which the residual antimicrobial activity of broth containing chloramphenicol in subinhibitory concentrations was determined after incubation with antibiotic resistant bacteria. Chloramphenicol resistance was shown to be associated with the production of inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. No beta-lactamase activity was demonstrated. Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid was not demonstrable in partially purified lysates of antibiotic-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae. PMID- 37803 TI - Purine nucleoside phosphorylases purified from rat liver and Novikoff hepatoma cells. PMID- 37804 TI - Conformational analysis of a snake neurotoxin by prediction from sequence, circular dichroism, and raman spectroscopy. PMID- 37805 TI - Carnosine binding: characterization of steric and charge requirements for ligand recognition. PMID- 37806 TI - The Merkel cell--a member of the APUD cell system. Fluorescence and electron microscopic contribution to the neurotransmitter function of the Merkel cell granules. AB - Merkel cells of sinus hair follicles of nude mice were investigated by fluorescence and electron microscopy following pretreatment with amine precursors (L-Dopa, L-5-Hydroxytryptophan) and monoaminoxidase-inhibitors (Marsilid, Harmaline). Neither in control animals nor in pretreated animals any evidence for an involvement of Merkel cells in monoamine metabolism could be found. Therefore, the hypothesis that Merkel cells might share the most constant cytochemical characteristics of the cells of the APUD series, i.e., to take up amine precursors, should definitely be left. Following Harmaline treatment, however, Merkel cells were found fluorescent; cytophotometric analysis of the fluorescence emission spectra of formaldehyde-treated tissue ascertained that this fluorescence was due merely to a specific Harmaline fluorescence. The significance of Harmaline uptake in Merkel cells, most probably in the Merkel cell granules, is discussed. PMID- 37807 TI - Glutathione reductase in human epidermal tumors. Basal and squamous cell epithelioma, verruca seborrhoeica. AB - Glutathione reductase activities, both with NADPH and NADH, were determined in basal and squamous cell epitheliomas, in verrucae seborrhoeicae and in human epidermis. Significantly elevated activites were measured in basal cell epitheliomas and in verrucae seborrhoeicae. Some properties of the enzyme were also investigated. PMID- 37808 TI - The epidermal helix: a model for the bilayer couple phenomenon. AB - Narrow strips of isolated epidermis rapidly assume a helical conformation when placed in a dilute hypotonic aqueous solution of histamine as a free base. The same belical formations could be induced by dilute hypotonic solutions of alkalis or acids. This coiling resulted from damage to the malpighian cells, with consequent asymmetric osmotic swelling of the epidermis, thus producing torsional forces on the stratum corneum. In essence, the epidermal helix proved to be a pH dependent, osmotically induced, bilayer couple phenomenon. PMID- 37809 TI - Properties of the Berkeley phage lytic for "Brucella melitensis" and other species. PMID- 37810 TI - Lesser curvature tubular gastroplasty with partial plication for gastroesophageal reflux: manometric and pH-metric postoperative studies. AB - Thirty-four patients with sliding hiatal hernia, gastroesophageal reflux, or both were treated by lesser curvature gastroplasty with partial gastric plication, using a surgical stapler. Before operation, esophageal manometric studies were performed in 33 patients and during the early postoperative period (1 to 3 months), in 34. The esophageal pH test was performed before operation in 22 patients, shortly after discharge in 27, and later in 30 patients. The clinical results were considered satisfactory in 30 patients (88%) after follow-up ranging from 18 to 33 months (average, 23 months). Before the procedure, the abdominal compression test was positive in 25 of 30 patients (83%). In early postoperative studies it was positive in 1 out of 34 patients (3%), but in the second series of postoperative studies it was positive in 9 out of 32 (28%). After instillation of hydrochloric acid into the stomach, the esophageal pH test was considered positive in 17 out of 22 patients in preoperative studies (77%). In early postoperative studies the test was positive in 3 out of 27 patients (11%) and one year later, in 7 out of 30 (23%). The later postoperative studies showed a higher number of positive reflux tests than the early studies, 28 and 23% positive in manometric and pH tests, respectively. PMID- 37811 TI - Combined manometric-pH recording catheter for esophageal function tests. PMID- 37812 TI - [Vasoactive substances in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 37813 TI - Neurotransmitter receptors in frontal cortex of schizophrenics. AB - Frontal cerebral cortex brain samples from schizophrenics and controls have been assayed for binding associated with muscarinic cholinergic, serotonin (5HT), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and beta-adrenergic receptors as well as for the activity of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Binding levels of tritium-LSD, presumably associated with postsynaptic 5HT receptors, were reduced 40% to 50% in samples from schizophrenics in three independent studies, whereas no other consistent alteration was observed in levels of binding associated with other receptors or in the activity of GAD. This change in receptor binding levels does not seem to be attributable to postmortem changes, to influence of drugs received by the patients, or to demographic features of the patient populations. PMID- 37814 TI - [Overacidified tissue and microcirculation (author's transl)]. AB - A discussion of physiological fundamentals with respect to the inhibition of blood microcirculation in (tumor) tissue at reduced pH values around 6.0 is followed by a report on principles, design and results obtained with a light probe array which permits to determine in vivo reference values of the relative intensity of microcirulation in both normal and tumor tissues under various conditions. An analysis of the discussed records has shown that--as compared to a value of 80-66% without glucose infusion--the relative mean intensity of microcirculation in tumor tissue drops to approximately 8-4% about 300 min after the onset of glucose infusion under CMT administration at 37 degrees C. By adding the CMT step of hyperthermy, the relative mean intensity of microcirculation- compared to normal tissue at 37 degrees C--will further drop below 1%. With such a decline of microcirculation--and an adequate duration of, say, 8 hours--local hyperthermy at 41-42 degrees C is likely to cause a very pronounced damaging action on tumor tissue because the then noticeably reduced substrate offer proves to be insufficient to ensure the structure-maintaining metabolic rate of cancer cells. PMID- 37815 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium changes associated with acute pulmonary edema. Intra erythrocytic findings and comparison with plasma values]. AB - A study was made of intra-erythrocyte acid-base balance in 7 subjects with metabolic and 3 with mixed acidosis in the course of acute haemodynamic pulmonary oedema. Comparison with plasma values showed that, in metabolic acidosis, the buffers (bicarbonate) are evenly involved in the maintenance of hydrogen ion balance, whereas in mixed forms a greater demand is made on non-bicarbonate bases. Examination of this phenomenon and its quantitative evaluation are geared to intra-erythrocyte determinations of the acid-base balance, particularly to the very important B.E. index. PMID- 37816 TI - Lower esophageal sphincter function after highly selective vagotomy. AB - We evaluate whether highly selective vagotomy (HSV) might disturb functional integrity of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Special interest was directed to changes in position of the LES in relation to the diaphragm, LES pressure, and pH reflux pattern. The conditions of 20 patients were evaluated by manometric studies and by 12-hour overnight pH measurements before and 14 days after HSV; five of them were also studied one year after HSV. The results indicate: (1) There is a slight elongation of the LES in the early postoperative phase, which seems to disappear after one year. (2) The position of the diaphragm as measured manometrically by the pressure inversion point descends in relation to the LES 14 days after HSV, and it does not seem to return to its original position after one year. (3) There is no significant change in LES pressure after HSV. (4) There is no increase in reflux after HSV. PMID- 37817 TI - Separate pancreatic gastrin cell and beta-cell adenomas: report of a patient with multiple endocrine adenomatosis type 1. AB - A patient initially showed symptoms of peptic ulcer disease in 1953 and was later found to have hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism. Peptic ulcer symptoms persisted after parathyroidectomy, and results of studies provided evidence of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Evaluation of the patient's family showed a classic pattern of multiple endocrine adenomatosis type 1. The patient underwent total gastrectomy and excision of a gastrin cell adenoma in 1971 with relief of symptoms, but with persistent hypergastrinemia. He remained in good health until January 1976, when symptoms of hypoglycemia developed. Results of laboratory studies were compatible with the diagnosis of a pancreatic beta-cell adenoma. At the time of operation, an adenoma of the head of the pancreas was found. The tumor was excised; no other metastatic tumors were found. The tumor was compatible with a beta-cell adenoma and was found to contain high concentrations of insulin; there was no important amount of gastrin. Symptoms of hypoglycemia have entirely disappeared. PMID- 37818 TI - Mechanism of toxic action on some target organs. Drugs and other substances. Proceedings of the European Society of Toxicology meeting held in Berlin (West), June 25--28, 1978. PMID- 37819 TI - [All-Union conference of pathologists devoted to the methods of teaching]. PMID- 37820 TI - [Activities of the 6th World Congress of Gastroenterologists]. PMID- 37821 TI - [Treatment of the intermediate syndrome]. PMID- 37823 TI - Pneumococcal disease and its prevention with polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines--a review. AB - Polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines have been shown to be safe, immunogenic and efficacious and are becoming available for use in patients at high risk of developing pneumococcal infections. Precise estimates of the role of the pneumococcus in human respiratory disease are difficult to obtain, as this organism is also a frequent commensal of the upper respiratory tract; and as the optimal techniques for the identification and proof of its role are not widely used. Nevertheless, the pneumococcus remains the principal cause of adult pneumonia and paediatric otitis media, and is also an important cause of death from bacteremia and meningitis. At present it seems likely that in Australia these vaccines will be most useful amongst people over the age of 50 years, those with chronic systemic disease, alcoholics, splenectomized individuals and disadvantaged groups such as Australian aborigines, all of whom are particularly susceptible to pneumo-coccal bacteremia which has a considerable mortality rate. The possibility of preventing pneumococcal otitis media in childhood is still being evaluated. Studies of the role played by the various pneumococcal serotypes in Australian populations are urgently needed. PMID- 37822 TI - Ocular findings in metachromatic leukodystrophy. An electron microscopic and enzyme study in different clinical and genetic variants. AB - Histopathological studies of the eyes from three patients affected with the infantile form of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) showed the storage of metachromatic complex lipids in the retinal ganglion cells, in the optic nerve and the ciliary nerves, as well as the storage of a mucopolysaccharide-like material in the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body. The lesions were limited to the optic, ciliary, and sensory nerves in a fourth patient with the juvenile form of the disorder. These morphological aspects, which are probably related to differences in sulfatase A activities, may explain the variability of the ocular manifestations in metachromatic leukodystrophy. Seven children affected with infantile MLD or with mucosulfatidosis were examined by conjunctival biopsy. Typical lesions of the sensory nerves were obvious and allowed the diagnosis of the disease. However, it seemed impossible to separate the different forms by histopathological studies only. The tear enzymes were assayed in most of the cases and demonstrated a profound deficiency of arylsulfatase A, or of arylsulfatase A and B, in the classical MLD and in mucosulfatidosis, respectively. PMID- 37824 TI - Proceedings of the Surgical Research Society of Australasia. 26th meeting, 1978. PMID- 37825 TI - Abstracts of scientific papers presented at the International Paediatric Conference, Sydney, May 14--18, 1978. PMID- 37826 TI - Metabolic changes associated with the'downer' condition in dairy cows at abattoirs. PMID- 37827 TI - Behaviour therapy as precipitant and treatment in a case of dual personality. AB - The patient described is a 33-year -old woman, L.,who developed a transient dual personality while undergoing desensitization for contact phobia, the alternate personality, Toni, manifesting overtly aggressive behaviour. L. was taught how to behave angrily using role-playing techniques within 48 hours of Toni's first appearance and the alternate personality did not reappear after this treatment was commenced. It is suggested that behavioural psychotherapy may, in some instances of multiple personality, have advantages over psychodynamically oriented psychotherapy, which has frequently been advocated as the treatment of choice for this condition. PMID- 37828 TI - Effect of insulin on hyperphenylalaninemia rats. PMID- 37829 TI - Effects of sulfonate anions on the self-assembly of brain tubulin. PMID- 37830 TI - Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibits proton translocation by cytochrome c oxidase. PMID- 37831 TI - Energy-linked H+ efflux and uncoupler-induced H+ influx in submitochondrial particles from skeletal muscle. PMID- 37832 TI - Proton activities for three states of cytochrome P-450cam. PMID- 37833 TI - Identification of two forms of glutamine synthetase in barley (Hordeum vulgare). PMID- 37834 TI - Cyclic AMP-binding proteins : enhanced retention on membrane filters ty histone and protamine sulfate. PMID- 37835 TI - Activation of Dictyostelium discoideum guanylate cyclase by ATP. PMID- 37836 TI - Multiple forms of rat liver L-asparagine synthetase. PMID- 37837 TI - Enzymatic oxidation of p-nitrophenol. PMID- 37838 TI - Chemical modification of methionine residues in azurin. PMID- 37839 TI - Rapid cation flux from Torpedo californica membrane vesicles: comparison of acetylcholine receptor enriched and selectively extracted preparations. PMID- 37840 TI - Presence of a protein methylesterase in mammalian tissues. PMID- 37841 TI - Lack of effect of charge of phlorizin and phloretin on mutarotase action. PMID- 37842 TI - Polyarteritis nodosa in childhood a clinical pathologic study. AB - The clinical and pathologic findings of 2 infants and 7 older children with polyarteritis nodosa who were autopsied are reported. The most frequent clinical features included prolonged high fever, skin rash, abdominal symptoms, leukocytosis, proteinuria, and signs of either cardiac or renal failure. The 2 infants died of cardiac arrest, whereas renal or neurologic involvement was the most common cause of death in the older children. A consistent finding at autopsy was arteritis of the epicardial coronary arteries. PMID- 37843 TI - A syndrome resembling progressive systemic sclerosis after bone marrow transplantation. A model for scleroderma? AB - Six long term survivors of bone marrow transplants developed a syndrome similar to progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). Cutaneous involvement (6/6), pulmonary disease (6/6), musculoskeletal involvement (4/6), keratoconjunctivitis/positive Schirmer's test (4/6), Raynaud's phenomenon (2/6), and renal and cardiac disease (1/6) were similar to findings in PSS patients. T and B lymphocyte counts and functions were also similar. This PSS-like syndrome, including visceral involvement, after bone marrow transplantation lends support to an immunologic hypothesis of the pathogenesis of progressive systemic sclerosis. PMID- 37844 TI - 8th symposium of the Workshop for Neuropsychopharmacology and Pharmacopsychiatry (AGNP) at Nuremberg, 26-29 October 1977. PMID- 37845 TI - [Endorphines--the endogenous ligands of opiate receptors (author's transl)]. AB - The demonstration of opiate receptors in the nervous tissue of vertebrates in 1973 was the starting point of an intensive search for the endogenous ligands of these receptors. During the following years, several of such "edogenous opiates", called "endorphines", were isolated from various tissues of the mammalian organism. These are peptides which are able to elicit the same effects as do opiates. Possibly, they play a role in the reaction of the organism to stress. PMID- 37846 TI - [Neuroendocrinology and psycholeptics (author's transl)]. PMID- 37847 TI - [Clinical side and adverse effects of antidepressant drugs (author's transl)]. AB - Cases of extrapyramidal-motoric and psychologic side effects are reported when treatment with antidepressant drugs was performed. They have not been mentioned in the literature before. Hypokinetic disorders of speech and motion, tonic atonic disturbances, dyskinesia and myoclonic muscle contractions are listed. Besides the latter movement disorders, "dreamy state", episodic amnesia ("ictal" amnesia) and amnestic "black out" as transient memory disorders have been observed. PMID- 37848 TI - [The influence of MIF (melanocyte-stimulating hormone-release inhibiting factor) on psychomotor function and mood in parkinsonian patients. Preliminary report (author's transl)]. AB - In 12 parkinsonian patients aged from 40--76 years the L-dopa-potentiating effect of MIF was investigated using a doubleblind crossover design. MIF was given i.v. in a dose of 200 mg. The following psychological tests were carried out 4 times after the injection of MIF at hourly intervals: Purdue pegboard, Minnesota-Rate of manipulation test, 2-key-tapping, simple and complex reaction time and a state of well-being scale. The results revealed a marked effect on finger dexterity, drive and complex reaction time. That means MIF does not only lead to an improvement of psychomotor performance but also of cognitive functions. In contrast thereto the influence on the state of well-being was less impressive. PMID- 37849 TI - [Experimental and clinical findings indicating anxiolytic properties of gestagens (author's transl)]. AB - Employing the technique of quantitative pharmaco-EEG investigations on the psychotropic effects of progestogens indicated that progestogens produce a profile similar to that of minor tranquilizers. A short review of the clinical literautre adds support to the suggestion that progestogens may have sedative/tranqulizing properties. PMID- 37850 TI - [Relationship between perazine serum concentration and clinical results in long term treated schizophrenic outpatients (author's transl)]. AB - The perazine serum concentration was determined with a new gaschromatographic method in 33 schizophrenic outpatients of our psychiatric catamnestic unit who had received perazine for a period of 18 years. A very high constancy of the perazine serum level could be demonstrated by repeated measurements. A close connection existed between perazine dosage and perazine serum level. Both findings suggest a very good complicance of these patients. Serum levels were correlated positively with the intensity of the psychopathologic symptoms as well as with the frequency of side-effects, particularly with slight changes of liver enzymes. PMID- 37851 TI - [Radioenzymatic simultaneous determination of epinephrine and norepinephrine in plasma (author's transl)]. AB - The high-pressure liquid chromatography (= HPLC) was used in simultaneous determinations of a few pg epinephrine and norepinephrine. This separation procedure improves the efficiency when compared with the conventional thin-layer chromatographic methods (TLC) and allows routine assays in plasma. PMID- 37852 TI - [Studies on the effect of oxprenolol on experimentally induced anxiety (author's transl)]. AB - This experiment studied the question of whether the receptor blocking agent oxprenolol (20 mg) influences somatic and subjective responses to experimentally induced anxiety. 72 male students were Ss in a two-factorial design with type of drug (oxprenolol, placebo) and type of situation as the two factors. Anxiety was induced by the signaled application of shocks to one arm, under condition A with and under condition B without time control (clock available or not). Condition C was a control condition with neither shock nor time control. Heart rate, blood pressure and verbal reports of emotional experience were measured. An analysis of variance revealed the following: Oxprenolol showed physiological effects typical of a receptor blocking agent. The drug positively affected emotional experience not related to the experimentally induced anxiety but did not affect the emotional responses induced by the anxiety-provoking conditions. For explaining the results the possible meaning of the variable "internal vs external control of emotional responses" was considered. PMID- 37853 TI - [Experimental psychophysiological studies on the effects of fenetylline and mefenorex]. AB - 16 male subjects were tested 1--7 h after the application of either 40 mg of the anorectic mefenorex, 50 mg of the stimulant fenetylline or a placebo by a battery of psychophysiological and psychological methods. Two problems of basic psychological interest were investigated: 1. covariation of appetite and central stimulation; 2. indicators of activation assessed by different parameters. The results concerning the first problem were inconclusive. The results with respect to the second show that pharmacological substances may cause dissociation of different indicators of activation. PMID- 37854 TI - [The influence of beta-blockers on glycogen metabolism in the rat liver in physical exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 37855 TI - Pharmacological studies on 3-[gamma-(p-fluorobenzoyl)propyl]-2,3,4,4a,5,6 hexahydro-1-(H)-pyrazino ]1,2-a] quinoline hydrochloride (compound 69/183). Part III: Assessment of tranquillising activity. AB - The tranquillising activity of 3-[gamma-(p-fluorobenzoyl)propyl]-2,3,4,4a,5,6 hexahydro-1-(H)-pyrazino [1, 2-a]quinoline hydrochloride (centpyraquin), a new adrenergic neurone blocking antihypertensive agent, has been evaluated in various laboratory animals. The compound has a calming effect in mice, rats, cats and monkeys. In low doses it reduces the spontaneous motor activity followed in progressively higher doses by hypothermia, ptosis and catalepsy and a taming effect in monkeys and cats. It potentiates pentobarbitone-, hexobarbitone- and ethanol-induced sleep and antagonises amphetamine induced toxicity in mice. It, however, fails to antagonise morphine induced mania and hyperactivity in cats. It blocks conditioned avoidance response in rats at a much lower dose (ED50 = 2.73 mg/kg) than the unconditioned response (ED50 = 10,9 mg/kg). In cats centpyraquin increases the voltage and slows the frequency of cortical EEG discharges. Centpyraquin has the profile of activity of a neuroleptic on the central nervous system. PMID- 37856 TI - [Antihistaminic activity of tiemonium methylsulfate on isolated guinea pig ileum and trachea]. PMID- 37857 TI - [Hormonal induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in extra-hepatic tissue in the rooster]. PMID- 37858 TI - [Depressive and disinhibitory effects of traizolam following brief continous administration]. PMID- 37859 TI - Biological and methological implications in prorenin measurement in human plasma of normal subjects. Non-interchangeability of blanks and plurality of prorenin. PMID- 37860 TI - Comparative studies on starvation - and indomethacin - induced ulcerations in albino rats. AB - Experimental models of chronic and acute peptic ulcerations were produced in the albino rats by means of prolonged starvation and indomethacin administration. In the case of acute indomethacin-induced peptic ulceration, the effects of anticholinergic drugs on the ulcers produced were also studied. Starving the rats for a period of seven days produced gastric ulceration in all the rats used while indomethacin produced gastric ulceration within five hours in all the rats used. Severe ulceration of the degree found in human peptic ulcer disease was produced only by chronic starvation. Anticholinergic drugs ameliorated indomethacin induced gastric ulceration, partly at least, by reducing intra-gastric acidity. PMID- 37861 TI - Comparison of flunitrazepam and diazepam for oral premedication in older children. AB - A double-blind trial was conducted of two benzodiazepines, flunitrazepam and diazepam, given orally to 142 children (30 kg in weight or heavier) undergoing routine surgery. Flunitrazepam was associated with greater sedation before operation and less vomiting after operation than diazepam. Flunitrazepam caused a greater frequency of amnesia for the periods of induction and immediately after operation. Plasma concentrations were measured in 65 children and were found to be significantly greater in those children having amnesia for the induction period in both flunitrazepam and diazepam groups. In the diazepam group, plasma concentrations were significantly smaller in those who vomited than in those who did not vomit. PMID- 37862 TI - Comparison of I.M. pethidine, diazepam and flunitrazepam as premedicants in children undergoing otolaryngological surgery. AB - Pethidine 1 mg kg-1, diazepam 0.25 mg kg-1 and flunitrazepam 0.02 mg kg-1 i.m. wer compared as premedicants in a double-blind study in 145 children undergoing otolaryngological surgery. Both flunitrazepam and pethidine had an anxiolytic effect in the children of less than 5 yr whereas diazepam had little effect. All of the drugs were anxiolytic in the children aged 5 yr and older. Sleep following thiopentone was restless more often in the younger than in the older children. Cardiovascular responses to thiopentone and to tracheal intubation were most obvious following benzodiazepines in children of less than 5 yr. After anaesthesia 10--33% of the older children could not recall pictures shown to them before anaesthesia. Forty-five (+/-SD 13) min after injection, the concentration of diazepam in serum was similar in both age groups; after 90 min it decreased in the younger and increased in the older children. All concentrations of flunitrazepam were significantly greater in the older compared with the younger children. PMID- 37864 TI - Plasma concentrations of medazepam and its metabolites after oral administration. AB - The plasma concentrations of medazepam and its metabolites, diazepam and desmethyldiazepam, were determined in volunteer subjects following the oral administration of medazepam 10 mg. The results indicated that medazepam was absorbed rapidly, that low concentrations of metabolites were present during the 1st h, and that the build-up in the circulation of the major metabolite, desmethyldiazepam, was prolonged and variable. As many of the clinical effects and possible adverse reactions of medazepam appear to be associated with the presence of this major metabolite, the metabolic and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug should be considered when using medazepam as an anxiolytic before dentistry or surgery. PMID- 37863 TI - Comparison of diazepam and flunitrazepam as adjuncts to general anaesthesia in preventing arousal following surgical stimuli. AB - A comparison has been made between the effects of the administration of flunitrazepam 1 mg i.v. and diazepam 10 mg i.v. in 90 female patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The drugs were given immediately before the skin incision as a booster to the induction agent thiopentone. The response to the incision, the quality of anaesthesia and the need for supplementary medication during maintenance were monitored. A standard post-anaesthesia interview was performed to evaluate the amnesic action and patient acceptability. The skin incision caused only slight increase in arterial pressure and heart rate in both groups. Only six patients of the diazepam group reacted to the incision with defensive movements. The overall quality of anaesthesia was better (P less than 0.05) and the need for supplementary doses of pethidine lower (P less than 0.01) in the flunitrazepam group. Recovery was equally good and the duration of sleep after operation was the same in both groups. The frequency of nausea after operation was low. The post-anaesthesia interview revealed that flunitrazepam possesses a more specific anterograde amnesic action than diazepam. Acceptability of the anaesthesia to the patient was equally good in both groups. PMID- 37865 TI - Response of mean and phasic coronary arterial blood flow to graded hypercapnia in dogs. AB - An electromagnetic flow meter was used to assess the changes in coronary blood flow in response to four levels of increased PaCO2 in six dogs. Mean, diastolic and systolic flow all increased during hypercapnia, the increase being maximal at mean PaCO2 11.3 KPa. Mean and diastolic coronary vascular resistances decreased progressively as PaCO2 increased, but systolic resistance, although decreasing with the lower levels of hypercapnia, returned to control at the greatest PaCO2. Although the oxygen available to the myocardium was increased markedly during hypercapnia, coronary sinus PO2 increased also, reflecting a reduction in myocardial oxygen extraction; thus myocardial oxygen consumption was unchanged. Cardiac output was increased significantly only at the greatest PaCO2. Total body oxygen handling was not altered significantly. PMID- 37866 TI - Proceedings of the Anaesthetic Research Society Southampton Meeting March 24, 1979. PMID- 37867 TI - Quantitative assessment of bronchial beta-adrenoceptor blockade in man. AB - 1. We describe a method for assessing bronchial beta-adrenoceptor blockade quantitatively in man. Specific airway conductance is measured after increasing doses of inhaled salbutamol and the extent to which the dose-response curve is displaced to the right after beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs is used to assess bronchial beta-adrenoceptor blockade. 2. Salbutamol dose-response curves were plotted for six normal subjects by measuring sGaw 15 min after increasing doses of inhaled salbutamol. Salbutamol produced a 30-70% increase in sGaw. 3. Salbutamol dose response curves were obtained 2 h after oral practolol (100 mg and 200 mg) and oral propranolol (40 mg and 80 mg) on separate days and were displaced to the right. 4. The mean dose ratios for practolol 100 mg and 200 mg were 1.2 and 2.1 and for propranolol 40 mg and 80 mg they were 21 and 61 respectively. PMID- 37868 TI - Onset and duration of beta-adrenergic receptor blockade following single oral dose acebutolol hydrochloride (Sectral). AB - 1. The onset and duration of action of once daily acebutolol (400 mg) on resting and exercise heart rate and blood pressure were studied in normal subjects in a double-blind, cross-over trial against placebo. Subjects were studied 1.5, 3, 8 and 24 h after the first dose and 24 h after the fifth dose. 2. Resting and exercise heart rate and blood pressure were significantly reduced within 90 min of the first dose. 3. A significant reduction in these variables persisted throughout 24 h after the fifth daily dose. However, at 24 h the effects were considerably attenuated, the falls in resting and exercise systolic blood pressure being only 5%. 4. A linear relationship was noted between log serum drug level and percentage reduction of exercise heart rate. PMID- 37869 TI - Inter-relationship of angina pectoris and hypertension. PMID- 37870 TI - Improved physical performance as a therapeutic objective in patients with angina. AB - 1 Improvement in physical performance, based on exercise tolerance, self-assessed work and physician-rated functional capacities, is proposed as a measure of efficacy of anti-anginal therapy in the rehabilitation of the cardiac patient. 2 Improved physical performance parallels changes in frequency of anginal attacks and a nitroglycerin requirements following beta-blocker therapy. 3 Nadolol (a beta-blocker), given once daily is as effective as propranolol, given four times daily as an anti-anginal agent. PMID- 37871 TI - Effect of beta-blockers on exercise double product (systolic blood pressure x heart rate). AB - 1 The effect of single oral doses of six beta-receptor antagonists on exercise induced changes in double product (systolic blood pressure x heart rate) were studied in 25 human volunteers. 2 Three doses of propranolol, nadolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, timolol and atenolol were selected for study on the basis of in vivo beta-blocking potency. 3 Although all beta-blockers studied reduced the double product response to exercise, the pharmacodynamics of this effect differed markedly. 4 Pharmacodynamic half-lives, estimated for the drug tested, were 39 h for nadolol, atenolol 21 h, timolol 15 h, oxprenolol 13 h, propranolol 11 and pindolol 8 h. 5 These results suggest that the clinical choice of a beta blocker with the least problems of compliance can be made on the basis of pharmacodynamics as well as pharmacological profile. PMID- 37872 TI - Possible significance of the pharmacological differentiation of beta-blockers for therapy of hypertension. AB - 1 Cardioselective and non-selective beta-blockers affect to a different degree several aspects of the circulatory homeostasis. The evidence available in this regard has been evaluated and the possible clinical importance of these differences has been discussed. 2 Venous return in partly regulated by beta receptors (possibly of the beta 2 type) in the venous resistance vessels. Differences in blockade of venous return by the two classes of beta-blockers may, therefore, influence the degree of increase in left ventricular size, left ventricular end diastolic BPs and stroke volume during beta-blockade. 3 At the first part of the dose-reponse curve, non-selective beta-blockers seem to block more effectively renin release than cardioselective beta-blockers. 4 The direction and the extent to which beta-blockers 'directly' affect total peripheral resistance (TPR), is determined by the resultant of the degree of decrease in TPR by blockade of renin release and the extent of the increase in TPR by blockade of the beta 2-receptors in the arteriolar wall. 5 The clinical relevance of these differences could be that--especially in the low doses range- non-selective beta-blockers may be more 'safe' in patients with compromised cardiac function and may be more appropriate for the therapy of high renin hypertension than cardioselective blockers, whereas the latter may be more appropriate for the majority of hypertensive patients who have low to normal renin hypertension. PMID- 37873 TI - Diuretics as initial treatment for essential hypertension. AB - 1 In the United States, the thiazide diuretics are considered the cornerstone of all antihypertensive regimens for four reasons: by themselves, they are capable of controlling the blood pressure in 60-70% of the hypertensive population; they prevent the sodium retention produced by all other antihypertensive agents; they can be given once a day; and they are inexpensive. 2 Despite these advantages, the thiazide do cause hypokalaemia hyperuricaemia and hyperglycaemia. The incidence of hypokalaemia (K less than 3.0 mEq/l) is only 2-4%; the incidence of hyperuricaemia (uric acid greater than 10 mg per cent is 3-4%; and the incidence of hyperglycaemia is 1-2%. 3 The possibility that a beta-blocking agent combined with a thiazide diuretic might produce better BP control, prevent thiazide induced abnormalities and exert a coronary prevention action with once daily administration would suggest that such a combination should be the ideal initial therapy for most patients with hypertension. PMID- 37874 TI - Diuretics, beta-blockers or both as treatment for essential hypertension. AB - 1 Patients with borderline (group I) and sustained hypertension (group II) were treated with beta-blocking drugs, diuretics and the combination of both. In the two groups of patients the antihypertensive effectiveness of both short-term intravenous or chronically oral propranolol was directly related to the extent to which the drug produced an absolute reduction in plasma renin activity (PRA). No such a correlation could be obtained with pindolol. In group I following beta blockade, day-night profiles of PRA were similar to those observed in group II before treatment. Thus, in this latter subgroup, low renin profiles might reflect reduced beta-adrenergic activity. 2 When the chronically beta-blockaded patients were changed to chronic diuretic therapy it became evident that young hypertensive patients of group II showed a more pronounced BP response than the patients of group I. In those patients of group II in whom pressure was not controlled by the diuretic alone, combination with a beta-blocker led to pressure normalization. 3 The beta-blocking drug induced reduction in pressure was greater in the 25-35 yr olds, than in those older than 55. In contrast, the antihypertensive effect of the diuretic was more pronounced in the 55-70 yr olds than in those younger than 40. 4 It is concluded that sympathetic nervous system activity mainly determined PRA as well as antihypertensive effectiveness of both the beta-blockers and the diuretics. As to outpatient management it is proposed that with exception of young borderline hypertensives who seem to respond best to beta-blockers, initial antihypertensive drug therapy may consist of a diuretic agent. If the antihypertensive effect of the diuretic is insufficient, combination with a beta-blocking drug could be used to achieve the best effect. PMID- 37875 TI - Long-term treatment of essential hypertension using nadolol and hydrochlorothiazide combined. AB - 1 The stepped care approach for the treatment of hypertension was adopted in a study at Ain Shams Hospital using hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and a new beta blocker, nadolol. Sixty mild to moderately hypertensive patients were studied for 20 weeks (2 weeks no antihypertendive the therapy, 3 weeks placebo, 3 weeks HCT, 4 weeks nadolol + HCT dose titration and 8 weeks nadolol + HCT maintenance). The dose of HCT was 50 mg once daily throughout the study except for six patients who had their HCT dose increased to 100 mg daily during maintenance. The dose of nadolol ranged from 40-240 mg daily. 2 No patient on HCT monotherapy achieved full control of his supine diastolic blood pressure (SDBP less than 90 mm Hg). On combined therapy, 55 patients (91.7%) showed a full response, whereas the remaining five patients a good or adequate response. 3 Thirty-two of these patients agreed to continue in the study for a further 21 months (totalling 2 yr of therapy). To date, 15 of them have completed a total of 10 months, 7 have completed 11 months and 10 have completed 12 months. The delta percentage decrease in supine BP continued to be 28.0 and 19.5 for systolic and diastolic BPs respectively. 4 No significant changes in funduscopies, chest X-rays, ECGs, or full laboratory investigations were noted. A few side-effects of mild nature occurred. None necessitated discontinuation of therapy. 5 Combined therapy with nadolol and HCT is a safe and effective method of controlling hypertension over extended periods. PMID- 37876 TI - Antihypertensive action of beta-adrenoceptor blockade and the renin-angiotensin system. AB - 1 The regulation of renin secretion is mediated by way of adrenoceptors. The role of alpha-adrenoceptors remains controversial, whereas it is generally accepted that activation of beta-adrenoceptors stimulates renin and their blockade suppresses renin. 2 Although experimental renin regulation appears to be a beta 2 receptor function, clinical studies suggest that in man it is a beta 1 effect. 3 beta-Adrenoceptor-blocking agents are effective antihypertensive agents, but have variable effects on renin secretion; this variability may be attributable to different degrees of instrinsic partial beta-agonistic activity and/or different receptor or organ selectivity of various compounds. 4 Antihypertensive effectiveness seems unrelated in magnitude or timing to the baseline levels or the changes of plasma renin activity for the majority of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. PMID- 37878 TI - Elimination of nadolol by patients with renal impairment. AB - 1 Nadolol excretion was studied in 24 patients with chronic renal failure. 2 The amount of nadolol excreted during the 120-h period after receiving the drug ranged from less than 1% in functionally anephric, patients up to 11.5% in patients with average creatinine clearance of 57.9 +/- 3.6 ml/min/1.73 m2. 3 Renal clearance of nadolol was found to correlate with creatinine clearance; nadolol elimination is retarded in patients with renal failure. 4 Nadolol serum half-life is prolonged in proportion to the remaining renal function. Therefore, dosage intervals in renal patients receiving nadolol should be adjusted to creatinine clearance. 5 Haemodialysis effectively reduced serum concentration of the drug; it may therefore be a useful therapy for drug intoxication. PMID- 37877 TI - beta-Adrenoceptor-blocking agents and the kidney: effect of nadolol and propranolol on the renal circulation. AB - 1 Nadolol was administered intravenously to five hypertensive patients and three healthy volunteers in balance on a 10 mEq sodium intake. 2 Nadolol (0.3-10.0 micrograms/kg) induced a significant, dose-related increase in renal blood flow, measured with radioxenon, with a maximum increase of 72 +/- 4 ml/100g/min (26%) at 3.0 micrograms/kg. 3 Heart rate and plasma renin activity decreased significantly over the same dose range. 4 The renal vascular response to nadolol contrasts sharply with those found with other beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agents. 5 The magnitude of the increase in renal blood flow, its time-course and the parallel fall in plasma renin activity raise the possibility that the renal vasodilation reflects the reversal of angiotensin's influence on the renal arterial bed. PMID- 37879 TI - Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy during treatment with antihypertensive agents. AB - 1 Echocardiography showed 14 of 24 patients with essential hypertension to have hypertrophy of their left ventricular walls. In eight of these 14 patients the left ventricular configuration initially fulfilled the criteria for asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH) and six were symmetrically hypertrophied, the remaining ten being normal. 2 Following 12 weeks' treatment of hypertension with the object of reducing the supine BP to 150/90 mmHg or below, there was a reduction of wall thickness so that only two of the eight continued to show ASH. 3 The six patients with symmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy also showed a significant reduction in the thickness of the septum and the posterior wall. Those with normal echocardiograms did not change. 4 This reduction of wall thickness produced by antihypertensive therapy may represent regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 37881 TI - Proceedings of a symposium on narcotic antagonists and antagonist analgesics, Paris, Sep 1978. PMID- 37880 TI - Effect of treatment of hypertension in the primary preventive trial, Goteborg, Sweden. AB - 1 A treatment group comprising 635 hypertensive men (casual SBP greater than 175 or DBP greater than 115 twice) was compared with a reference group (n = 391 men; casual SBP greater than 175 or DBP greater than 115 only at screening). All men belonged to the same population sample of 7,455 men aged 47-54 yr. 2 The two groups did not differ with respect to age, smoking habits or cholesterol values, but screening BPs were higher in the treatment group. 3 During 4.3 years' follow up there was a significantly lower total death rate in the treatment group compared with reference group. 4 There was also a strong tendency towards lower incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction (P = 0.06). The pooled incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction and fatal CHD was lower in the treatment group than in the reference group (P less than 0.03). PMID- 37882 TI - Hydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone in human scalp hair follicles. AB - The dehydroepiandrosterone hydroxylating enzyme system in the hair follicle has been characterized. It is found in the particulate fraction of the follicle, and is inhibited by carbon monoxide and the cytochrome P450 inhibitor metyrapone, and appears to be dependent upon NADPH. In these major characteristics the hair follicle enzyme is very similar to the liver monooxygenase system. PMID- 37883 TI - Clinical and theoretical implications of experimental bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 37884 TI - Relevance of colony forming assays to bone marrow transplanation with particular reference to grafting for aplastic anaemia. AB - The value of bone marrow colony-forming assays in monitoring transplanted patients has been assessed by comparing results from two pairs of bone marrow recipients. One pair received marrow from their identical twins for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; the other pair were grafted with allogeneic marrow from their siblings for aplastic anaemia. One of each pair showed successful engraftment while in the others the grafts failed. The colony-forming assay was then used to investigate marrow function in five grafted aplastic patients. Of these, four rejected their first grafts and required further immunosuppression before engraftment could be accomplished. The remaining patient was immunosuppressed at the outset with antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and her first graft was successful. Sera from all five patients inhibited colony formation by normal human marrow and it is suggested that this activity was related to graft rejection as well as to the pathogenesis of the condition. PMID- 37885 TI - Red and white cell abnormalities in chronic renal failure. PMID- 37886 TI - Oscillation-frequency and baseline fetal heart rate in the last 30 minutes of labour. AB - The last 120 minutes of 394 intrapartum fetal heart rate (FHR) records of high technical quality were evaluated. Baseline FHR was estimated and oscillation frequency (OF) counted for each minute. There was a highly significant association between the baseline FHR and the number of oscillations/minute; an increase in baseline FHR of 10 beats/minute was associated with a fall of about one oscillation/minute. The highest mean OF (9.6 +/- 4.8 events/minute) was found in fetuses with an umbilical artery pH of between 7.20 and 7.25. The baseline FHR should be taken into account when assessing fetal condition. PMID- 37887 TI - The digestion of pectin in the human gut and its effect on calcium absorption and large bowel function. AB - 1. The effect of dietary fibre digestion in the human gut on its ability to alter bowel habit and impair mineral absorption has been investigated using the technique of metablic balance. 2. Five healthy male students were studied for 9 weeks under controlled dietary conditions and during the last 6 weeks they took 36 g pectin/d. Bowel habit, transit through the gut, faecal fibre excretion, calcium balance and faecal composition were measured. 3. During the control period only 15% of the dietary fibre ingested was excreted in the stools and when pectin was added to the diet there was no increase in fibre excretion. Stool frequency and mean transit time were unchanged by pectin but stool wet weight increased by 33% and faecal excretion increased (%) for fatty acids 80, nitrogen 47, total dry matter 28 and bile acids 35. Ca balance remained unchanged. 4. It may be concluded from these results that dietary fibre is largely metabolized in the human gut and dietary pectin completely so. This could explain its lack of effect on bowel habit and Ca balance. Other changes in the faeces may be related to an increase in bacterial mass. PMID- 37888 TI - Electron paramagnetic resonance analyses of horseradish peroxidase in situ and after purification. PMID- 37889 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid kinase from nuclei of rat liver: mechanism, reversal, and inhibitors of the reaction. PMID- 37890 TI - Histidine decarboxylase from Lactobacillus 30a: reconstitution from separated subunits. PMID- 37891 TI - Catalase of Neurospora crassa. 1. Induction, purification, and physical properties. PMID- 37892 TI - Escherichia coli phosphoenolpyruvate dependent phosphotransferase system. NMR studies of the conformation of HPr and P-HPr and the mechanism of energy coupling. AB - 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance investigations of the phosphoprotein intermediate P-HPr and the parent molecule HPr of the E. coli phosphoenolpyruvate dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) show that HPr can exist in two conformations. These conformations influence the protonation state of the reactive histidine residue, thereby determining the reaction pathway in the phosphoryl group transfer step. A general mechanism is proposed for the energy coupling process in the PTS. PMID- 37893 TI - Bohr effect in Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase. Linkages between substrate binding, proton binding, and conformational transitions. PMID- 37894 TI - Multiple binding sites of carboxypeptidase B: the evaluation of dissociation constants by quantitative affinity chromatography. PMID- 37895 TI - Myoglobin semisynthesis: removal of the NH2-terminal valine of sperm whale myoglobin and its subsequent reincorporation. PMID- 37896 TI - Inactivation of Escherichia coli BF1-ATPase by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Chemical modification of the beta subunit. PMID- 37897 TI - Studies of the kinetics of oxidation of cytochrome c by cytochrome c oxidase: comparison of spectrophotometric and polarographic assays. PMID- 37898 TI - Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase stimulatory factors and inorganic pyrophosphatase. AB - A protein was purified from rat liver which stimulated a number of liver aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. This stimulatory factor was identical with the "tRNA activator" of Dickman & Boll [(1976) Biochemistry 15, 3925] in its mechanism of action and chemical properties, although it was considerably more purified. The two preparations stimulated synthetases by virtue of their pyrophosphatase activity which destroyed the potent inhibitor, PPi, that was present in the reaction mixtures. This PPi was either generated during the reaction or was introduced by contamination of the tRNA or ATP preparations. The degree of inhibition of PPi was strongly influenced by assay conditions, being most effective at low amino acid concentrations, at low pH, and in the presence of heterologous tRNAs. By use of certain assay conditions, PPi concentrations as low as 2 microM could inhibit some synthetases close to 50%. The pitfalls associated with some assay conditions commonly used for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are discussed. These studies raise questions about the physiological significance of many previously described aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase stimulatory factors. PMID- 37899 TI - Arginyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli K12. Purification, properties, and sequence of substrate addition. AB - Arginyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli K12 has been purified more than 1000-fold with a recovery of 17%. The enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain of about 60 000 molecular weight and has only one cysteine residue which is essential for enzymatic activity. Transfer ribonucleic acid completely protects the enzyme against inactivation by p-hydroxymercuriben zoate. The enzyme catalyzes the esterification of 5000 nmol of arginine to transfer ribonucleic acid in 1 min/mg of protein at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4. One mole of ATP is consumed for each mole of arginyl-tRNA formed. The sequence of substrate binding has been investigated by using initial velocity experiments and dead-end and product inhibition studies. The kinetic patterns are consistent with a random addition of substrates with all steps in rapid equilibrium except for the interconversion of the cental quaternary complexes. The dissociation constants of the different enzyme-substrate complexes and of the complexes with the dead-end inhibitors homoarginine and 8-azido-ATP have been calculated on this basis. Binding of ATP to the enzyme is influenced by tRNA and vice versa. PMID- 37900 TI - Electron transport pathways in spinach chloroplasts. Reduction of the primary acceptor of photosystem II by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in the dark. AB - Addition of NADPH to osmotically lysed spinach chloroplasts results in a reduction of the primary acceptor (Q) of photosystem II. This reduction of Q reaches a maximum of 50% in chloroplasts maintained under weak illumination and requires added ferredoxin and Mg2+. The reaction is inhibited by (I) an antibody to ferredoxin-NADP+ reductases (EC 1.6.7.1), (ii) treatment of chloroplasts with N-ethylmaleimide in the presence of NADPH, (iii) disulfodisalicylidenepropanediamine, (iv) antimycin, and (v) acceptors of non cyclic electron transport. Uncouplers of phosphorylation do not affect NADPH driven reduction of Q. It is proposed that electron flow from NADPH to Q may occur in the dark by a pathway utilising portions of the normal cyclic and non cyclic electron carrier sequences. The possible in vivo role for such a pathway in redox poising of cyclic electron transport and hence in controlling the ATP/NADPH supply ratio is discussed. PMID- 37901 TI - Light dependence of the decay of the proton gradient in broken chloroplasts. AB - The initial rates and steady-state values of proton uptake by broken chloroplasts have been measured as functions of light intensity at various concentrations of chlorophyll, pyocyanine, supporting electrolyte, buffer, as well as pH and temperature. Kinetics analysis of the data shows that the rate of decay of proton gradient due to backward leakage depends on light intensity. Under steady illumination, the decay constant kL is equal to kD + mR0, where R0 is the initial rate of proton uptake which is a function of light intensity, kD is the decay constant in the dark and m is a parameter which is independent of light intensity. Treatment of chloroplasts with lysolecithin, neutral detergent, 2,4 dinitrophenol, or valinomycin in the presence of K+ increases kD without affecting m. Treatment with N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or adenylyl imidodiphosphate under appropriate conditions decreases m without affectsity and hence m = 0. These results suggest that the light-dependent part (mR0) of kL is due to leakage of protons through the coupling factor (CF1-CF0) complex which can open or close depending on light intensity and that the light independent part (kD) of the decay constant kL is due to proton leakage elsewhere. PMID- 37902 TI - Turnover and vectorial properties of cytochrome c oxidase in reconstituted vesicles. AB - 1. Proteoliposomes containing cytochrome c oxidase and phospholipid have been made by sonication and by the cholate dialysis procedure. In both methods of preparation, only about 50% of the enzyme molecules are oriented in the membrane with their cytochrome c reaction sites exposed to the outside of the vesicle. 2. The activity of cytochrome c oxidase in the reconstituted vesicles in not increased by incubation in 1% Tween 80. Experiments on reconstituted vesicles containing internal (entrapped) cytochrome c indicate that turnover of enzyme oxidising entrapped cytochrome c in the presence of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p phenylenediamine or 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylendediamine is at a very much lower rate than enzyme oxidising external ferrocytochrome c. 3. Oxidation of ascorbate by externally added cytochrome c results in an electrogenic production of OH- inside the vesicles, which can be monitored using entrapped phenol red. Polylysine inhibits, but does not abolish, the internal alkalinity change in reconstituted vesicles oxidising internal (entrapped) cytochrome c using externably added ascorbate plus N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine. When 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine is used as the permeable redox mediator, an increase in internal acidity can be monitored under the same conditions. PMID- 37903 TI - The influence of energy-transfer inhibitors on proton permeability and photophosphorylation in normal and preilluminated Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores. AB - (1) Chromatophores were preilluminated in the presence of phenazine methosulphate or diaminodurene, and without phosphorylation substrates; next they were transferred to fresh medium and assayed for light-induced proton uptake, light induced 9-aminoacridin fluorescence quenching, and photophosphorylation. (2) Preillumination in the presence of phenazine methosulphate or diaminodurene causes an inhibition of the photophosphorylation rate. The presence of ADP + MgCl2 + phosphate, or ADP + MgCl2 + arsenate during preillumination provides full protection against this effect. (3) Preilluminated chromatophores are leaky for protons. The leak is expressed as an accelerated dark decay, and a diminished extent of succinate-supported, light-induced proton uptake. The extent of light induced 9-aminoacridin fluorescence quenching is also diminished. (4) The proton leak can be closed by oligomycin and by dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (at concentrations similar to those used to inhibit photophosphorylation), but not by aurovertin. Closure of the proton leak results in partial restoration of the photophosphorylation rate. (5) The inhibition of phosphorylation by oligomycin or dicyclohexyl carbodiimide is time-dependent. In untreated chromatophores, the time-dependence is determined by the extent of membrane energization. In preilluminated chromatophores, the time-dependence is determined in addition by the extent to which the proton leaks have been closed. The reasons for this are briefly discussed. PMID- 37904 TI - Effect of surface potential on the intramembrane electrical field measured with carotenoid spectral shift in chromatophores from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - Changes in the surface potential, the electrical potential difference between the membrane surface and the bulk aqueous phase were measured with the carotenoid spectral shift which indicates the change of electrical field in the membrane. Chromatophores were prepared from a non-sulfur purple bacterium, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, in a low-salt buffer. Surface potential was changed by addition of salt or by pH jump as predicted by the Gouy-Chapman diffuse double layer theory. When a salf was added at neutral pH, the shift of carotenoid spectrum to shorter wavelength, corresponding to an increase in electrical potential at the outside surface, was observed. The salts of divalent cations (MgSO4, MgCl-2, CaCl2) were effective at concentrations lower than those of monovalent cation salts (NACl, KCl, Na2SO4) by a factor of about 50. Among the salts of monoor divalent cation used, little ionic species-dependent difference was observed in the low concentration range except that due to the valence of cations. The pH dependence of the salt-induced carotenoid change was explained in terms of the change in surface charge density, which was about 0 at pH 5--5.5 and had negative values at higher pH values. The dependence of the pH jump-induced absorbance change on the salt concentration was also consistent with the change in the charge density. The surface potential change by the salt addition, which was calibrated by H+ diffusion potential, was about 90 mV at the maximum. From the difference between the effective concentrations with salts of mono- and divalent cations at pH 7.8, the surface charge density of (-1.9 +/- 0.5) . 10(-3) elementary charge per A2, and the surface potential of about -100 mV in the presence of about 0.1 mM divalent cation of 5 mM monovalent cation were calculated. PMID- 37905 TI - Reaction of the purple membrane with a carbodiimide. AB - Purple membrane was reacted with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide at pH 4.5 and 8.0. At pH 4.5, the reaction yields cross-linked bacteriorhodopsin. The cross-linking is inhibited by pretreatment of the membrane with papain, or by the presence of carbohydrazide or glycine ethyl ester in the reaction mixture. The product of the pH 8.0 reaction is not cross-linked, but it displays altered properties. Two measures of photochemical activity (light-induced change in proton binding (delta h) and decay of photointermediate M) show changes indicative of slowed proton uptake. The delta h is increased by ethyl dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide. This increase is unaffected by pretreatment of the membrane with papain, and it is not reversed by NH2OH. However, the reaction is inhibited by millimolar concentrations of CaCl2. The altered delta h is not apparent in detergent-solubilized membranes. Ethyl dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide does not appear to cause a large alteration in the membrane surface charge, as measured by Ca2+ binding. We conclude that (1) at acid pH, ethyl dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide can be used for cross-linking or for attachment of specific probes to the C-terminal region of bacteriorhodopsin, and hence to the cytoplasmic side of the purple membrane, and (2) at alkaline pH, ethyl dimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide reacts at a diffent type of site and appears to inhibit the proton pump. PMID- 37906 TI - A high potential acceptor for photosystem II. AB - The effects of ferricyanide on Photosystem II reactions have been investigated by measurements of microsecond and millisecond prompt fluorescence and microsecond delayed fluorescence in dark-adapted chloroplasts: (1) Titrations using ferri ferrocyanide mixtures on: (a) the fast phase of the increase in fluorescence yield observed during a xenon flash, and (b) the normalised area above the millisecond fluorescence induction curve for chloroplasts inhibited by DCMU, showed a pH dependent mid point potential of 400 mV at pH 7.0 which varied by approx. -60 mV/pH unit between pH 6 and 8.5. (2) A saturating laser flash induced a fluorescence increase (as monitored by a weak measuring beam) of only 50% of that reached following a second flash in chloroplasts preincubated with ferricyanide and inhibited by 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) prior to illumination. In the absence of ferricyanide, the fluorescence level reached after a single flash was initially close to that measured after a second flash (although the level subsequently declined). (3) The initial amplitude of the microsecond-delayed fluorescence excited by a single laser flash was diminished in chloroplasts dark-adapted with ferricyanide. In the presence of DCMU and ferricyanide, the amplitude was also diminished for the first flash of a series, but subsequently enhanced above the level obtained in chloroplasts in the presence of DCMU alone. (4) The above effects were not seen if DCMU was added to the chloroplasts before ferricyanide, or if the period of incubation with ferricyanide was much less than 4 min. (5) These results suggested the presence of a second acceptor Q2, with Em7 = 400 mV and n = 1, before the DCMU block in Photosystem II. There is 0.35--1 equivalent of the acceptor per reaction centre, and its reduction occurs within less than 5 mus. The role of the acceptor in double turnovers of the photochemistry during a single flash and its likely operating redox potential are discussed. PMID- 37907 TI - Effects of pH on reactions on the donor side of photosystem II. AB - The effects of pH on the increase of fluorescence yield measured in the microsecond range, and on the microsecond delayed fluorescence have been studied in dark adapted chloroplasts as a function of flash number. (1) At pH 7, the amplitude of the fast-phase of the microsecond fluorescence yield rise oscillated as a function of flash number with period 4 and with maxima on flashes 1 and 5, and minima on flashes 3 and 7. The damped oscillations were apparent over the range between 6 and 8, although the absolute amplitude of the fast phase was diminished at the lower end of the range. At pH 4, there was no fast phase in the rise and, at pH 9, an enhanced fast-phase occurred only for the first flash. (2) The decay of microsecond delayed fluorescence was described by the sum of exponentials with half-times of 10--15 mus and 40--50 mus. Over the pH range 6- less than 8, the extrapolated initial amplitude and the proportion of the change due to the faster component showed oscillations which were opposite in phase to those observed for the prompt fluorescence yield rise; the slower component showed weaker oscillations of the same phase. At pH 4, there were no oscillations and the slow phase predominated. At pH 9, the delayed fluorescence intensity was diminished on the first flash, and high on subsequent flashes. (3) The results are interpreted in terms of a model in which protons are released during all transitions of the S-states with the exception of S1 leads to S2, and in which ther are two sites of inhibition on the donor side of the photo-system at extreme pH values. At pH 4, electron donation to P+ occurs with a half-time approx. 135 mus, either by a back reaction from Q-, or from D; electron transport is interrupted between Z1 and P. At pH 9, electron transport is inhibited between Z1 and Z2; rapid re-reduction of P+ by Z1 occurs after 1 flash, and on subsequent flashes electrons from D, an alternative donor reduce P+. The location of the positive charge on states S2 and S3 is discussed. PMID- 37908 TI - Redox titration of electron acceptor Q and the plastoquinone pool in photosystem II. AB - The primary photochemical quencher Q and the secondary electron acceptor pool in Photosystem II have been titrated. We used particles of Scenedesmus mutant No. 8 that lack System I and allowed the system to equilibrate with external redox mediators in darkness prior to measurement of the fluorescence rise curve. The titration of Q, as indicated by the dark level of Fi, occurs in two discrete steps. The high-potential component (Qh) has a midpoint potential of +68 mV (pH 7.2) and accounts for approximately 67% of Q. The pH sensitivity of the midpoint potential is -60 mV, indicating the involvement of 1 H+/e. The low-potential component (Q1) accounts for the remaining 33% of Q and shows a midpoint potential near--300 mV (pH 7.2). The plastoquinone pool, assayed as the half-time of the fluorescence rise curve, titrates as a single component with a midpoint potential 30--40 mV more oxidizing than that of Qh, i.e., at 106 mV (pH 7.2). The Em shows a pH sensitivity of -60 mV/pH unit, indicating the involvement of 1 H+/e. The observation that all 12--14 electron equivalents in the pool titrate as a single component indicates that the heterogeneity otherwise observed in the secondary acceptor system is a kinetic rather than a thermodynamic property. Illumination causes peculiar, and as yet unclarified, changes of both Q and the secondary pool under anaerobic conditions that are reversed by oxygen. PMID- 37909 TI - Appearance of photochemical function in prothylakoids during plastid development. AB - 1. A method to separate the vesicles of prothylakoids from prolamellar body preparations obtained from etiolated and rapidly greening Avena laminae (0.25--4 h illumination ) is described. The prothylakoid preparations were found to be free from contaminating prolamellar bodies but enriched prolamellar body preparations (enriched prolamellar body preparations) still contained some adhering prothylakoid material. 2. Only existing beta-carotene appears to be transferred from the prolamellar bodies to the prothylakoids during early development and this ceases when freshly synthesized beta-carotene becomes available. 3. Prolamellar body structures proper show no positive association of existing or developing photochemical activities; these are only to be found in the developing prothylakoids. 4. Using methylviologen-linked electron transport dependent oxygen consumption, Photosystem I activities may be detected with added diaminodurene within 15 min of illumination and within 30 min and 1 h with added tetramethylphenylenediamine and dichlorophenolindophenol, respectively. 5. During the 2nd, and 3rd. h of greening, proton-pumping capability and later ATP formation increased in prothylakoids in the presence of diaminodurene. 6. The first indications of Photosystem II activity using diphenylcarbazide as electron donor are shown at a similar time (2 h) with prothylakoids. The last photochemical activity to appear is the capacity to split water (3 h) and consequently the diphenylcarbazide activity diminished to zero before 8 h of illumination have passed. 7. The lack of effect of uncouplers such as NH4+ prior to 2 h suggests that in spite of some proton-pumping ability there is the possibility of proton-leaky areas existing within prothylakoids. This lack of a persistent proton gradient before 2 h of illumination may explain the different starting times of phenazine methosulfate- and diaminodurene-dependent photophosphorylation (0.25 and 2 h, respectively). PMID- 37910 TI - Fluorescein mercuric acetate as a probe of the dynamic structure of double helical DNA. AB - Fluorescein mercuric acetate causes the unwinding of DNA and binds to the separated bases. The kinetics of this unwinding process were studied using both untreated DNA and sonicated DNA at various pH values (6.8--9.3) and Na+ concentrations (10--250 mM). The unwinding process is explained by assuming a nucleation in the middle of DNA (as a function of time) as well as at the helix ends (immediately after addition of this reagent) and the subsequent growth of the nuclei. The frequency of the nucleation in the middle of DNA appears to be markedly affected by pH and Na+ concentration. In contrast, the reaction rate of this reagent with heat-denatured DNA was almost insensitive to these environmental variables. The growth rate of the unwinding nuclei in double stranded DNA also appears insensitive. The most important implication of this study is that in the low pH range (6.8--7.5) the reactivity of thermally-induced locally open regions in the middle of double-helical DNA toward this reagent appears much higher than that of heat-denatured DNA. Since this reagent is negatively charged, these findings are discussed in view of its electrostatic interaction with the locally open regions. PMID- 37911 TI - Poly(2-fluoroadenylic acid). The role of basicity in the stabilization of complementary helices. AB - The polymerization of 2-fluoroadenosine 5'-diphosphate by polynucleotide phosphorylase to give high molecular weight poly(2-fluoroadenylic acid), poly(fl2A), is described. Both the single-stranded and double-stranded (acid) forms of poly(fl2A) exhibit strikingly similar ultraviolet and circular dichroism spectra to those of poly(A), and the enzymatic polymerization rates and thermal hyperchromicities of the two polymers are also very similar. However, the pKa of poly(fl2A) for protonation at N-1 is 2.9 compared to 5.9 for poly(A) under similar conditions. Poly(fl2A) forms a triple-stranded helix with poly(U) which has ultraviolet and cd spectra very reminiscent of poly(A) . 2 poly(U), but no conditions could be found which permitted the formation of a double helix. In the Escherichia coli ribosome system poly(fl2A) codes for the synthesis of polylysine, as does poly(A), although the rate and extent of incorporation were less in the former case. The role of basicity of adenine N-1 in these interactions is discussed. PMID- 37912 TI - Subunit structure and kinetic properties of L-beta-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase of Drosophila. AB - L-beta-hydroxyacid dehydrogeanse (L-gulonate:NAD+ 3-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.45) of Drosophila is made up of two non-identical subunits with molecular weights of 40 000 and 23 500. Michaelis constants calculated at saturating concentrations of the other substrate were 0.13 mM for NAD+, 0.85 mM for L-gulonate, 14.8 mM for L beta-hydroxybutyrate; dissociation constants (Kia) were 2.8 mM for L-gulonate, 22 mM for L-beta-hydroxybutyrate. The maximum velocity with L-gulonate as substrate was ten-fold greater than with beta-hydroxybutyrate. As product inhibitors, both NADH and acetoacetate are competitive vs. both substrates, suggesting a rapid equilibrium random mechanism. PMID- 37913 TI - Inhibition of creatine kinase by iodoalkanes. Further appraisal of the essential nature of the reactive thiol group. AB - Creating kinase (ATP: creatine N-phosphotransferase) is completely inhibited by low molecular weight iodoalkanes in a pseudo first order reaction. Analysis of this and other data suggests that covalent modification per se is not a sufficient criterion to establish whether or not an enzyme group is essential for catalysis. PMID- 37914 TI - Identification, characterization and localization of a (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-activated purine nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase from calcifying cartilage. AB - A purine nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase (unspecified diphosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.15) was chromatographically separated from the bulk of alkaline phosphatase activity by gel filtration chromatography of butanol and EDTA extracts of fracture callus and bovine epiphyseal cartilage. The callus enzyme differed from alkaline phosphatase in a variety of characteristics. The purine nucleoside triphosphate phosphatase hydrolyzed a more specific group of substrates, required Ca2+ and Mg2+ for optimal activity, remained unaffected by a potent alkaline phosphatase inhibitor, and demonstrated a narrower range of optimal pH for catalytic activity. The enzyme was localized in the microsomal pellet following subcellular fractionation of callus chondrocytes. These characteristics indicate a role for the enzyme in Ca2+ transport. PMID- 37915 TI - Isolation and characterization of an enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase from rat brain. AB - An enkephalin-degrading aminopeptidase from rat brain extracts has been purified to apparent homogeneity. This enzyme cleaves the N-terminal tyrosine from Leu enkephalin and hydrolyzes some beta-naphthylamides and p-nitro-anilides of neutral, basic and aromatic, but not acidic, amino acids. The enzyme requires a free amino group on the substrate and has a neutral pH optimum. After dialysis against EDTA, the enzyme requires a divalent cation (Zn2+, Co2+ greater than Mn2% greater than Mg2+) for activity. The enzyme is inhibited by puromycin, o phenanthroline, p-chloromercuribenzoate and EDTA, but not by puromycin, methylsulfonyl fluoride or a specific peptide inhibitor of leucine amino peptidase. The aminopeptidase consists of two subunits and has a molecular weight of about 100 000. PMID- 37916 TI - The isolation of acyl-CoA derivatives as products of partial reactions in the microsomal chain elongation of fatty acids. AB - An analysis of overall chain elongation, condensation, beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrase and 2-trans enoyl-CoA reductase reactions, using the appropriate CoA derivatives as substrates which are required in the microsomal chain elongation of both palmitoyl-CoA and 6,9-octadecadienoyl-CoA, demonstrated that in each instance, the products of these reactions were the CoA derivatives. Reverse dehydrase reactions run with 2-trans enoyl-CoA derivatives as substrates, in the absence of NADPH, revealed that the product was the beta-hydroxyacyl-Coa. In the presence of NADPH, incubations with beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA demonstrated that both the 2-trans derivatives and the alpha, beta-saturated product were recovered as their CoA derivatives. These latter findings are more consistent with the involvement of discrete dehydrase and 2-trans-enoyl-CoA reductase enzymes rather than a single protein catalyzing two reactions. PMID- 37917 TI - The reaction of cow beta-lactoglobulin with tetracyanoaurate(III). AB - The reaction of cow beta-lactoglobulin with Au(CN)-4 is shown to label the free sulphydryl group on the protein by a reductive mechanism yielding a stable complex. High salt concentrations are shown to affect the pH-dependent conformational transition (N in equilibrium R yields S). It is hoped that Au(CN) 4 may be of more widespread use as a specific heavy-atom label for the isomorphous replacement method. PMID- 37918 TI - 4-Nitro-1-cyclohexyl-3-ethoxy-2-oxo-3-pyrroline. A reversible, amino-specific, protein reagent. AB - 4-Nitro-1-cyclohexyl-3-ethoxy-2-oxo-3-pyrroline reacts with both amino and sulfhydryl groups. The instability of the product with sulfhydryl groups makes the reagent a useful amino-group specific protein reagent. The advantages of this compound include (1) rapid reaction with protein (less than 15 min at pH 9), (2) EASE OF REVERSAL UNDER MILDLY ALKALINE CONDITIONS (PH larger than or equal to 8) with formation of a water-soluble by-product (lambdamax = 363 nm), and (3) ease of quantitation utilizing the high extinction coefficients of the amino derivative (lambdamax = 383 and 397 nm, epsilon397 = 20 200 M-1 . cm-1) and the reversal by-product (lambdamax = 363 nm, epsilon = 16 300 M-1 . cm-1). With these characteristics and the stability of the amino derivative under physiological conditions (t1/2 for reversal = 167 h at pH 7.0 and room temperature), nitrocyclohexylethoxyoxopyrroline can be a useful reagent in a wide variety of protein sequencing and structure studies. PMID- 37919 TI - Precipitation of egg white proteins below their isoelectric points by sodium dodecyl sulphate and temperature. AB - The precipitating of effect of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) on the egg white proteins ovalbumin, conalbumin and lysozyme was studied at 25 degrees C and at different pH values. The proteins precipitated below their respective isolectric points, provided the detergent to protein ratio was appropriate. The pH profile of precipitation was different for the three proteins reflecting net charge differences. The binding of SDS to the proteins was studied with [35S]-labelled SDS and for ovalbumin a ratio of 21--28 SDS molecules/protein molecule, dependent on the concentration of SDS initially used, seem to be required for precipitation at pH 4.5. This number, however, is dependent on pH and increases with an increased positive net charge of the protein. The precipitating effect of SDS was identical for ovalbumin, conalbumin and lysozyme when compared on a gram to gram basis (0.1--0.15 g SDS/g precipitated protein). The precipitated protein was denatured as measured by differential scanning calorimetry, but was also completely redissolved if pH was increased to above the isoelectric point. The precipitating effecto f SDS was also examined at elevated temperatures. The two phase systems of the proteins induced by SDS at 25 degrees C were heated from 25 degrees C to 90 degrees C at a rate of 1.25 degrees C/min. The precipitation behaviour was similar for the three proteins upon heating. When the SDS concentration was increased the precipitation curves were transferred towards lower temperatures and the courses of precipitation became less sharp. The synergistic effect of SDS and heat on protein precipitation was differentiated by denaturation measurements and radioactive labelling. The ratio SDS to precipitated protein gradually diminished towards higher temperatures but no purely thermal precipitation was found. PMID- 37920 TI - Changes in lung lysyl oxidase activity in streptozotocin-diabetes and in starvation. AB - The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and of starvation on the lysyl oxidase activity of rat lung were investigated. Enzyme activity was elevated 2--3 fold in the lungs of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. In contrast, starvation of rats produced a rapid loss of lung lysyl oxidase activity, with levels approximating 25% of control values after 48--72 h of starvation. Enzyme activity was essentially fully restored to control values upon refeeding the 48-h starved animals for 3 h. These studies demonstrate the responsiveness of lysyl oxidase to these physiological states and suggest a component, enzymatic basis of change in lung function known to occur in the diabetic state. PMID- 37921 TI - Regulation of neutral protease activity through the life cycles of Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Substantial fluctuations in the intracellular specific activity of neutral proteases, as assayed at pH 8 with azocasein as substrate, occur during the life cycle of the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis. Specific activity increases during growth in 2% proteose peptone, despite slow secretion into the medium. The most rapid increase occurs during late stationary phase and appears to be a response to one or more low molecular weight (less than 10 000), heat-stable, trypsin insensitive, polar molecules secreted into the medium. In contrast, intracellular specific activity drops by a factor of 2--5 within the first 2--3 h after transfer to non-nutritive medium. The decrease in activity under these conditions results from an enhanced rate of secretion and the cessation of net synthesis. Its kinetics are unaffected by cycloheximide and concanavalin A. PMID- 37922 TI - [Enzyme activity of myosin activated by different cations in a mixed H2O--D2O solvent]. AB - The rate of enzymic reaction of ATP, ITP, GTP with myosin is studied in the presence of potassiu, ammonium and calcium ions in H2O--D2O solutions. There is no kinetic isotope effect of ITPase and GTPase reaction in the neutral pH region (VHVD = 1). The value VH/VD for the ATPase reaction in the pH range from 6.5 to 8.5 with all cations studied varies from 1.05 to 1.26. Such changes of myosin enzymic activity in D2O infer that small changes in the interaction of subunits is not the decisive one in the regulation of myosin ATPase. The equality of isotope effects in potassium salts and ammonium solution suggests that a specific effect of ammonium ion as a proton donor affects the ATPase reaction of myosin. The relationship between the value of isotope effect and D2O concentration in solution in non-linear. The shape of concentration curve suggests essential conformational changes of myosin during ATP hydrolysis. PMID- 37923 TI - [Effect of pH on tryptophan fluorescence of phosphorylase kinase]. AB - The influence of pH on tryptophane residues in phosphorylase kinase was determined by iodide quenching of tryptophan fluorescence. The experiments were carried out in the pH range of 6 to 10 and the results were presented in a modified Stern--Volmer plot. It was found that the fraction accessible to the quencher was smaller at pH 6 and increased at basic pH of the solution. The results correlated with the enzymatic activity and were interpreted as a structural change in the enzyme molecule. The polarized fluorescence measurements indicated that some aggregate processes proceeded together with the decrease of pH under 7. PMID- 37924 TI - [Ion currents in mitochondrial and liposome membranes induced by acid action]. AB - It is shown that potassium ion yield from mitochondria observed under low pH of the incubation medium and at the addition of n-(N,N-di-2 Chloridethyl)aminophenylacidic acid and low concentrations of 2,4-dinitrophenol results from the formation of non-electrogenic (nigericyn-like) carrier. The data are obtained which show that under experimental conditions a weak electrogenic transport of ions is observed along with non-electrogenic ion transport in the membranes. PMID- 37925 TI - [Determination of the degree of base protonation in isionic solutions of DNA from the curve of conductometric titration]. AB - Conductance of the DNA isoionic solution at different degrees of neutralization has been investigated at 25 degrees. There are regions on the conductometric titration curve corresponding to titration of: 1) primary phosphoryl groups 2) guanine 3) adenine 4) adenine and cytosine in half-protonated pairs 5) thymine. The pH intervals corresponding to protonation of bases in isoionic solutions are shifted into alkaline region compared with Na-DNA solutions. It has also been found for molar per cent of unprotonatad bases to equal to that of thymine determined as from conductometric titration curve so from chromatographic analysis of the DNA hydrolysate. PMID- 37926 TI - [Activation and inhibition of photoinduced proton absorption in Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores by detergents and solvents]. AB - The effects of detergents (Triton X-100) and solvents (diethyl ether, metanol) on the reversible light-induced proton uptake, photophosphorylation and band shift of the carotenoid in chromatophores from R. rubrum are described. All these compounds were found to stimulate the extent of light-induced proton uptake with subsequent inhibition when the concentrations were increased. Stimulation of proton uptake is accompanied by inhibition of both phosphorylation and carotenoid absorbance shift. PMID- 37927 TI - The photosensitizing action of phycobiliproteins in the adsorbed state. AB - In connection with the elucidation of the possibility of photochemical participation of phycobiliproteins in the primary processes of photosynthesis, the ability of a mixture of phycocyanin + allophycocyanin (PC + APC) for photosensitization of redox reactions in the adsorbed state was investigated. It was shown that adsorbates of PC + APC on Sephadexes G-200 and G-25, diethylaminoethylcellulose, carboxyethylcellulose, Bacto-agar, Lifogel, polyethylene glycol, Dowex 50Wx2, and aluminum oxide are capable of sensitizing the photoreduction of methyl red by ascorbid acid. In this case the effectiveness of the sensitizing action depends on the concentration of the adsorbate, the pigment concentration on the carrier, the pH of the medium, and the nature of the solvent. It was shown that in the case of binding to a carrier, the sensitizing ability of PC + APC increases in comparison with that for pigments in the dissolved state. It is suggested that this is promoted by an increase in the concentration and a mutual approach of the reagents after adsorption, and the possible formation of complexes of some or all the participants of the reaction on the surface of the adsorbent. PMID- 37928 TI - [Nucleases from Brevibacterium ammoniagenes differing in their effects on chromatin]. AB - A method of isolation of three different, partially purified deoxyribonucleases from the cells of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes is descrirbed. The enzyme preparations were activated by various bivalent metal ions: 50mM MgCl2 (I), 5 mM CaCl2+5 mM MgCl2 (II), 10 mM CaCl2 (III), and had different pH optima -- 8.8 (I), 7.2 (II) and 8.2 (III). In the isolated nuclei of rat brain the first and third fractions split chromatin at the internucleosomal sites with a formation of nucleosomes -- structural subunits of chromatin. The second fraction exhibited no structural specificity for chromatin. A possible use of the enzymes for the analysis of chromatin structure is discussed. PMID- 37929 TI - [Inhibition of activity of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase from chicken liver by nicotinic acid and its derivatives]. AB - Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide inhibit in vitro the acetyl-CoA-carboxylase activity of partially purified enzyme from chicken liver. The incorporation of 10, 20, 50 and 100 mkmoles of nicotinic acid or nicotinamide into the incubation medium (0,9 ml) leads to the inhibition of the enzyme activity by 19, 45, 70 and 100% and by 39, 51, 60 and 78%, respectively. NADH+ and NADP+ at concentrations by one order of magnitude lower than those of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide decrease the enzyme activity in a similar manner. The constants of inhibition by the above-mentioned compounds were calculated with respect to ATP, acetyl-CoA and citrate. PMID- 37930 TI - [Stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in human cells cultivated in vitro]. AB - It was shown that the thermal stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in human diploid cells is much higher than in human heteroploid cell lines HeLa and T-9. The purified enzymes from human diploid cells and from HeLa and T-9 cells possess similar thermal stabilities. Mixing of T-9 extracts with the purified enzyme preparations revealed that the non-stability factors of the dehydrogenase are present in the T-9 extracts. An addition of NADP- and NADPH-containing buffers and crystalline NADP to the heteroploid cell extracts stabilizes the enzyme. The thermal stability of the enzyme from "in vitro" cultivated human cells depends on the concentration of the coenzyme. It was also demonstrated that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase stability in HeLa and T-9 extracts is the same at low concentrations of the coenzyme and after addition of crystalline NADP. However, at NADP concentration of 10(-3) M the enzyme stability in HeLa and T-9 extracts is different. It is assumed that the destabilizing factors are the enzymes possessing the nucleotidases activity, which is different in various cell lines. PMID- 37931 TI - [Transhydrogenase as an additional site of energy accumulation in the E. coli respiratory chain]. AB - NAD+ reduction catalyzed by transhydrogenase (EC 1.6.1.1) from E. coli membrane particles at the expense of NADPH oxidation is coupled with phenyldicarbaundecaborate (PCB-) absorption by the particles. This process is inhibited by oxidative phosphorylation protonophorous uncouplers and by equilibration of concentrations of the substrates and products of the transhydrogenase reaction. Elimination of the water-soluble part of membrane ATPase results in the inhibition of PCB- absorption at the expense of the transhydrogenase reaction energy. Treatment of the particles by dicyclohexyl carbodiimide increases the transhydrogenase-coupled absorption of PCB-. The transhydrogenase-induced increase of pPCB in the suspension of particles is directly correlated with the ratio of ([NADPH].[NAD+])/([NADP+].[NADH]). When this value is equal to 1, no energy-dependent increase of pPCB was observed. NADP+ reduction at the expense of NADH oxidation leads to a decrease in the amount of PCB- absorbed by the particles at the expense of ATP hydrolysis energy. The experimental data suggest that NADPH oxidation in the course of the transhydrogenase reaction is coupled with the formation of a membrane potential with a positive charge localized inside the particles. PMID- 37932 TI - [Lability of coupling between proton translocase and ATPase of mitochondrial H+ ATPase complex]. AB - The interrelationship between the ATPase and H+-translocase functions of mitochondrial H+-ATPase was studied. The efficiency of the functioning was estimated by the value of coupling coefficient (Kc), which is represented by a ratio of proton translocation rate versus ATP coupling hydrolysis rate. It was shown that under conditions of increased concentrations of ATP and low concentrations of oligomycin the value of Kc is decreased. The increase in the concentration of valinomycin results in an increase of Kc. It was also found that the H+-ATPase activity shows a considerable increase during incubation of mitochondria, reaching its maximum with respect to both functions 1--2 min after addition of ATP. The data obtained are indicative of a lack of tight coupling between the H+-translocase and ATPase functions of mitochondrial H+-ATPase. The mechanism of action of H+-ATPase is discussed. PMID- 37933 TI - Study of some enzymatic activities in human liver cell cultures. AB - Some enzymatic activities were studied in long ter cultures of human liver cells : glucose-6-phosphatase, U.D.P. glucuronosyltransferase, phenylalanine 4 hydroxylase and tyrosine aminotransferase. Only weak tyrosine aminotransferase activity has been found in 12 subcultures, and it has not been increased by addition of corticoids. This tyrosine aminotransferase activity has been measured at different passages of the culture. Our results are compared with those found in literature. The different reasons which could explain the absence of liver specific biochemical functions have been discussed. PMID- 37934 TI - The effects of pH and temperature on the circular dichroism of human erythrocyte membranes. AB - The effects of pH and temperature on the structure of human erythrocyte membranes were studied by circular dichroism (CD). The results obtained demonstrate that the membrane CD spectra undergo significant changes when the pH of the solution deviates from its native pH range of 7 to 8. Spectral changes in the acidic pH region include drastic reductions and slight shifts in the CD signal which may reflect a decrease in alpha-helical content of the proteins and/or an increase in optical artifacts, both of which are irreversible. In the alkaline pH region, dramatic increases in ellipticity and blue-shifts in the spectra are observed between pH 8 and 10. In addition, the spectra more closely resemble those reported for membrane samples where the spectral distortions have been removed. The changes in the alkaline region are demonstrated to be only partially reversible and may be due to conformational alterations in the membrane proteins and/or to a reduction in optical distortions. Thermal stability studies reinforce the irreversible behavior of the membrane samples. PMID- 37935 TI - The role of solvents in the stabilization of helical structure: the low pH ribo A8 and A10 double helices in mixed solvents. AB - The order-disorder transitions of the double helices formed by the ribo oligoadenylic acids rA8 and rA10 at pH 4.2 have been investigated in a series of organic/aqueous mixed solvents. Melting temperature data, Tm, derived from the uv melting curves were used to define the stability of the double helices in the different mixed solvent systems. It was found that the extent of helix destabilization depended in a predictable fashion on both the quantity and the nature of the added organic solvents. For the C1 through C4 aliphatic alcohols, the longer, less branched alcohols proved to be more effective destabilizers of the helical structure. Significantly, the amides proved to be more powerful destabilizers than the alcohols. Analysis of the melting curves provided the Van't Hoff enthalpy change for each transition. The data are interpreted in terms of the role of solvent in the stabilization of ribonucleic acid structure. PMID- 37936 TI - The alkaline transition of swine pepsinogen. AB - At alkaline pH, swine pepsinogen is reversibly inactivated in a transition which involves the cooperative release of two protons from the molecule and is governed by a pK = 9. Stopped flow kinetic studies on the absorbance changes accompanying this reaction show that it can be resolved into two steps, with increasing pH; a slow conformational change, whose amplitude follows the ionisation curve of one group of pK = 9.9, followed by a rapid pH dependent conformational change, linked to a group of pK = 8.2. The pH dependence of the rate of the slow step is interpreted to show the presence of a protonated group which cannot ionise in the neutral form of the zymogen, but is in slow equilibrium with a form where it titrates with a pK 6.8. At the same time, a histidine in the amino terminal region of the protein becomes reactive to diethyl pyrocarbonate, suggesting this to be the group which triggers the reaction. PMID- 37937 TI - Dynamic light scattering from collagen solutions. II. Photon correlation study of the depolarized light. PMID- 37938 TI - 7. Genetic counselors without doctorates. PMID- 37939 TI - [Mechanisms of blood deposition in dogs with a cytotoxic heart lesion]. AB - The reactions of capacitance blood vessels of the abdominal cavity and pelvis were studied in vagotomized dogs during cytotoxic heart injury. The same reactions were investigated in recipient dogs during cross circulation with cardiac damage in the donors. A certain role of the neuroreflex and humoral cardiogenic factors involved in the development of increased capacity of blood vessels is shown. PMID- 37940 TI - [Kinetics of phenazepam-14C excretion from the body of white rats in the single and prolonged administration of the preparation]. AB - During 5 days after intraperitoneal injection of 14C-phenazepam into albino rats, about 77% of the total radioactivity was excreted with urine and feces in both intact animals and in those premedicated with phenazepam for 15 days. The excretory processes are described by the first order equations. The rates of phenazepam total excretion are identical in single and repeated injections. At the same time, phenazepam injected into the animals at a single dose is predominantly excreted with urine, while in multiple administration it is excreted with feces. Excretion of phenazepam with urine acquires the biexponential features, provided it is injected in multiple doses. PMID- 37941 TI - [Self-maintenance of migrating hematopoietic stem cells]. AB - Decreased self-maintenance ability of the migrating stem cells (CFU) from the peripheral blood or ectopic focus of hemopoiesis in comparison to the settled bone marrow CFU, as measured by the spleen colony method or by means of chromosomal markers, has been studied. The competence for myeloid and lymphoid differentiation was essentially the same for migrating and settled stem cells. PMID- 37942 TI - [Morphological changes in the late periods of life in mice born after the induction of the graft vs. host reaction in their mothers]. AB - Histological changes were studied in various organs of 1--2-year-old mice born after induction of the graft-versus-host reaction in mothers. The lymphoid tissue showed predominant atrophic changes, and a number of mice (61.2%) developed amyloidosis in the spleen and liver. The lymphoid infiltrates were found in the liver, kidneys, lungs and heart. In some cases glomerulonephritis, vasculitis and liver distrophy were recognized. Lymphoid malignancies were recorded in 17.7% of cases, wherease neoplasms in the control mice of the same age were incident only in 4.1%. Some neoplasms could be transplanted to adult F1 mice. A cell-free extract inocualted into newborn mice did not produce tumours during observational period of 14 months. PMID- 37943 TI - [Isolation of FAB and Fc fragments from murine immunoglobulin G1]. AB - Two methods of isolating Fab- and Fc-fragments from mouse immunoglobulin G1 are presented. The first method involves fractionation of papain protein hydrolysate on a column with DEAE- (or DE-32)-cellulose adjusted with 0.005 M K-phosphate buffer, pH 8. The Fab-fragment was eluted from the column with the starting buffer. The Fc-fragment was eluted, with the buffer ionic strength being increased to 0.4 M. Another method involves protein fractionation on an ion exchanger adjusted with 0.004 M Tris-H3PO4 buffer, pH 8.5. All the protein was column bound. The Fab-fragment was eluted with 0.04 M Tris-buffer containing a 0.004 M mixture of K-phosphates, pH 8.6. The Fc-fragment was eluted, with ionic strength being raised to 0.4 M with phosphates. As none of the methods assures isolation of absolutely pure Fab- or Fc-fragments, it is requird that cross absorption of antisera with respective immunosorbents may be carried on in order to obtain monospecific antisera to these fragments. PMID- 37944 TI - [Effect of phenazepam on the ethanol demand of rats]. AB - The new Soviet tranquilizer phenazepam given to rats intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mg/kg daily was shown to be capable of suppressing ethanol addiction produced by 2-month intake of 5% ethanolic solution as the only source of liquid. The mechanism of this effect is likely to be related to the changes in the activity of the neurosecretory centers of the hypothalamus. The phenazepam in the treatment of chronic alcoholism. PMID- 37945 TI - [Effect of psychotropic preparations on the behavior of inbred mice under emotional stress]. AB - The effect of phenazepam and sydnocarb in doses of 0.05, 0.07 and 0.1 mg/kg or 6, 12 and 24 mg/kg, respectively, on the behaviour of C57BL/6, CBA and BALB/c mice, was studied in the "open field" test. Interlinear difference in the reaction of inbred animals to emotional stress and its phenazepam or sydnocarb correction were established. PMID- 37946 TI - [Characteristics of the reactions to N-alloantigens of lymphoid cells from hydrocortisone-stimulated and adrenalectomized mice]. AB - The capacity of the spleen, bone marrow and thymus cells from CBA mice (intact, adrenalectomized, and those treated with single or repeated hydrocortisone injections) to induce the lymph node type of "graft-versus-host" reaction (GVHR) in (CBA X C57BL) F1 hybrid recipients was evaluated. Two days after 2.5 mg hydrocortisone injection the capacity of the spleen and bone marrow cells to induce GVHR increased while that of the thymus cells remained unchanged. Seven and particularly 15 days after hydrocortisone injection the spleen cells became less active. Two days following repeated daily hormone injections in a dose of 0.25 mg within 18 days the thymocyte activity in GVHR increased, while that of the spleen and bone marrow cells did not change. PMID- 37947 TI - Nonplasminogen-dependent protease in human plasma. AB - Equal volumes of plasma and 0.3 M K2HPO4, pH 7.4, were mixed, diluted 20-fold, and adjusted to pH 5.2. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 30 min, the euglobulin percipitate, redissolved in 0.1 M K2HPO4, pH 7.4, developed caseinolytic activity (0.05 CTA U/ml). Na2HPO4 or NaCl of similar ionic strength could replace K2HPO4. The pH optimum of the protease was 6.5, activity falling off sharply below pH 6.0 and above 7.4. The proteolytic activity was inhibited by diisopropylphosphofluoridate and by pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, but was not inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor. The activity was not due to plasmin, contact activation, or coagulation factors, since it was fully generated in plasminogen-depleted, factors XII, XI, VII deficient, and prekallikrein-deficient plasmas. Purified Cl-esterase was not caseinolytic in our system. Redissolved euglobulin precipitate prepared from normal plasma without salt addition could serve as starting material for the generation of caseinolytic activity, as could serum, indicating that the Hageman factor cofactor and thrombin are not required. The protease had no detectable procoagulant or fibrinolytic activity. PMID- 37948 TI - [French Association for the Study of Cancer. Meeting of June 5, 1978. Cancer and pregnancy. Introduction]. PMID- 37949 TI - [French Association for the Study of Cancer. Meeting of June 5, 1978. Cancer and pregnancy]. PMID- 37950 TI - MCPA residues in developing forest ecosystem after aerial spraying. PMID- 37951 TI - Residues of lead and arsenic in crops cultured on old orchard soils. PMID- 37952 TI - [Micro-determination of pH and PCO2 in microliters of blood by the intrapolation technique of Astrup]. PMID- 37953 TI - [Assessment of respiratory functional impairment (author's transl)]. PMID- 37954 TI - Some anomalies in the control of PACO2 in patients with a hyperventilation syndrome. PMID- 37955 TI - [Sickle cell anemia and blood oxygen affinity (author's transl)]. PMID- 37956 TI - Entretiens de physiopathologie respiratoire, 11th series: Muscular exercise in chronic lung diseases, Nancy, 13-15 September 1978. PMID- 37958 TI - Transaction of the Topeka Psychoanalytic Society. PMID- 37957 TI - A theoretical study of neural adaptation and transient responses due to inhibitory feedback. PMID- 37959 TI - Aplastic anemia: a case report. PMID- 37960 TI - Composite free flap and tendon transfer: an anatomical study and a clinical technique. PMID- 37961 TI - Pharmacology of Schultz-Dale reaction in canine lung strip in vitro: possible model for allergic asthma. AB - 1 Isolated lung parenchymal strips of the dog contracted in response to histamine > carbachol > prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) > bradykinin (Bk) > 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The order of the relative activity of these agents on the tracheobronchial smooth muscles (TBSM) was carbachol > 5-HT > histamine; PGF(2alpha) and Bk were inactive. Thus there are marked differences in the responsiveness of the smooth muscle of central (trachea and bronchus) and peripheral (lung strip) airways to autonomic and autacoid agents.2 Lung strips and TBSM partially contracted by carbachol, histamine or horse plasma, were relaxed by isoprenaline, PGE(1) and PGE(2).3 Lung strips from dogs sensitized to horse-plasma contracted in response to antigen (Schultz-Dale anaphylactic reaction). Tachyphylaxis or desensitization to subsequent antigen challenge was invariably observed; it was followed after 1 to 2 h of rest by partial recovery of the anaphylactic response.4 Mepyramine selectively antagonized responses to histamine without altering responses to carbachol and antigen.5 Metiamide, an H(2)-receptor antagonist, did not influence responses to histamine, carbachol or horse plasma.6 Indomethacin was found to be ineffective as an inhibitor of the Schultz-Dale anaphylactic reaction.7 The results showed the presence of H(1) histamine receptors mediating constriction in the peripheral airways of the dog. Histamine and PGF(2alpha) appear to have no important role in the anaphylactic reaction in this tissue. The involvement of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) and endoperoxides (thromboxanes) in allergic reactions of canine lung is strongly suggested. PMID- 37962 TI - Characterization of vascular histamine receptors in the rat. AB - 1 In the rat the decrease in blood pressure caused by histamine involves activation of both H1- and H2-receptors. Since arterial pressure measurements alone do not permit the separation of responses into cardiac and vascular components, the following experiments were undertaken to study vascular histamine receptors. 2 Vascular responses were studied in the autoperfused hindquarters of anaesthetized rats. Intra-arterial histamine caused vasodilatation which was only partially attenuated by treatment with mepyramine, an H1-receptor antagonist. Treatment with metiamide, the H2-receptor antagonist, did not affect vasodilatation caused by histamine but did attenuate vasodilatation which persisted after mepyramine. 3 Intra-arterial 4-methylhistamine, an H2-receptor agonist, caused vasodilatation which was reduced by metiamide. The H1-receptor agonist, 2-(2-pyridyl)ethylamine also caused vasodilatation which was blocked by mepyramine. 4 It is concluded that in the rat, histamine causes vasodilatation mediated by both H1- and H2-receptors. PMID- 37963 TI - The effect of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists and metiamide on clonidine-induced locomotor stimulation in the infant rat. AB - 1 Subcutaneous injections of clonidine (3.9 X 10(-8) mol/kg to 3.9 X 10(-6) mol/kg) produced forward locomotion and wall climbing in 7-day-old rats in a dose dependent manner. 2 The effect was reduced significantly by a preceding intraperitoneal injection of phentolamine (7.9 X 10(-6) mol/kg), phenoxybenzamine (7.4 X 10(-6) mol/kg), yohimbine (1.3 X 10(-6) mol/kg) or piperoxan (7.4 X 10(-6) mol/kg). 3 The pA2-values of the antagonists to the clonidine-induced locomotor hyperactivity were: 5.1 (phenoxybenzamine), 5.2 (phentolamine), 6.4 (yohimbine) and 6.0 (piperoxan). 4 Metiamide (2.5 X 10(-4) mol/kg, 5.0 X 10(-4) mol/kg and 1.0 X 10(-3) mol/kg), a histamine H2-receptor blocker, did not affect the clonidine-induced locomotor stimulation. 5 It is suggested that the receptors which mediate clonidine-induced locomotor stimulation could be alpha adrenoceptors but not histamine H2-receptors in the central nervous system of the infant rat. PMID- 37964 TI - The effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on responses of transmurally stimulated prostatic and epididymal portions of the isolated vas deferens of the rat. AB - 1 The effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on contractile responses of transmurally stimulated prostatic and epididymal portions of the rat isolated vas deferens were examined. 2 Responses to single stimuli consisted of two phases, the first predominant in the prostatic and the second in the epididymal portion. The first phase was resistant to alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists but the second was reduced in a dose-related manner in the order of potency prazosin greater than azapetine greater than phentolamine greater than labetalol greater than yohimbine. 3 Both phases of the response to a single stimulus were reduced by clonidine but only the first could be reliably restored by yohimbine. 4 Trains of transmural stimuli produced biphasic responses, an early rapid component predominant in the prostatic and a slow secondary component predominant in the epididymal portion. The effects of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists on these responses were complex. Prazosin produced the most straightforward inhibition of responses with relative resistance of the early rapid component. Only yohimbine and phentolamine produced increases in responses which could be pre-junctional in origin. 5 The alpha-adrenoceptor agonists, oxymetazoline and clonidine, reduced while phenylephrine increased responses to trains of stimuli. 6 These results are discussed in relation to the nature of the innervation of rat vas deferens and the usefulness of the preparation in pharmacological tests for activity at alpha-adrenoceptors. PMID- 37965 TI - The inhibitory effects of presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor agonists on contractions of guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens in the morphine-dependent and withdrawn states produced in vitro. AB - 1 Isolated ilea from guinea-pigs implanted with morphine pellets were stimulated coaxially, either with or without morphine present in the bath fluid, and the longitudinal contractions recorded. 2 In the absence of morphine the inhibitory effects of the presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor agonists, clonidine and oxymetazoline were much reduced and the dose-response curve was flat. This state of 'withdrawal' was readily reversed by morphine and levorphanol but not its inactive (+)-isomer, dextrophan. 3 The kappa-agonists, ketazocine and ethylketazocine, also restored the effects of clonidine as did the opioid peptides Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Leu, acting preferentially on delta-receptors, and Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-MePhe-Met(O)-ol, acting mainly on micro-receptors. 4 The inhibitory effects of adrenaline and adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate were reduced at low but not at high concentrations. 5 In contrast, the inhibitory effect of clonidine on the electrically evoked contractions of vasa deferentia from mice implanted with morphine pellets was not abolished by the lack of morphine in the bath fluid or by addition of naloxone. 6 A possible explanation is suggested for the loss of the inhibitory effects of presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor agonists in the withdrawn state of the dependent ileum. PMID- 37966 TI - Major injuries in Norwegian football. AB - All Norwegian football players are insurance covered and most of the severe injuries occurring in Norwegian football are therefore reported to the Norwegian Football Association. Based on these reports a survey of major injuries in Norwegian football in the period 1970-1974 is given. This study has already led to recommendations to the Football Association in order to reduce the number of severe injuries. A more extensive registration form is now used which probably will give more and better information about injuries in Norwegian football in the future. PMID- 37967 TI - Ureteric changes in polyarteritis nodosa. PMID- 37968 TI - Proceedings of the British Medical Ultrasound Society. Abstracts of papers presented at the tenth annual meeting of the British Medical Ultrasound Society held at the Civic Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne, on November 27--28, 1978. PMID- 37969 TI - Proceedings of The British Institute of Radiology. The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 37970 TI - Proceedings of The British Institute of Radiology. Radiation chemists talk to biologists. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 37971 TI - Prediction of renal recovery in hydronephrotic kidneys. AB - Urine produced by obstructed kidneys was analysed in 35 cases. In the absence of infection by urea splitting organisms, estimation of urinary pH of hydroephrotic kidneys was found to be a reliable method for determination of recovery potential. After removal of obstruction, radiological recovery was almost complete when the pH was lower than 6. Obstructed kidneys producing urine with a pH between 6-7.1 showed only partial radiological recovery after surgical correction. All kidneys that showed no function on IV urography and those found at operation to possess only a very thin shell of cortex to justify nephrectomy were found to have urinary pH near 7.3 or more, implying inability of those kidneys to acidify urine. Urinary specific gravity and sodium concentration of obstructed kidneys were not reliable in prediction of renal recovery. PMID- 37972 TI - Alpha-adrenergic agents in urinary disorders of the proximal urethra. Part I. Sphincteric incontinence. AB - Phenylpropanolamine, an alpha receptor stimulant, was found effective in 11 of 13 female and 6 of 7 male patients with sphincteric incontinence. In all the male patients except 1, the incontinence has followed prostatectomy. Side effects occurred in only 1 patient. As a rule, the benficial response depended on the therapy being continued. The results are consistent with the distribution of alpha receptors and their effect in the proximal urethra. PMID- 37973 TI - Alpha-adrenergic agents in urinary disorders of the proximal urethra. Part II. Urethral obstruction due to "sympathetic dyssynergia". AB - Lower urinary tract obstruction in patients with neurological lesions can be due to "sympathetic dyssynergia". The obstruction can be at the level of the external sphincter. Phentolamine (i.v.) used during the voiding cystourethrogram helps to make the diagnosis. Phenoxybenzamine therapy produced improvement in 10 of 18 patients. As a rule, patients had to continue on the drug to maintain their response. PMID- 37974 TI - Orchiopexy in the prune belly syndrome. AB - It has been suggested that abdominal testes might have better ultimate function if brought to the scrotum at a very early age. In a study of 16 patients with the prune belly syndrome, 8 had reconstruction of the urinary tract together with an orchiopexy and 2 had an orchiopexy alone. The results in these patients support the view that an orchiopexy in the neonate or young infant offers the best chance of obtaining viable testes in the scrotum. PMID- 37975 TI - Risk factors in calcium stone disease of the urinary tract. AB - The concept that calcium stone formation may be explained on the basis of a number of risk factors is developed. The main risk factors involved are shown to be calcium, oxalate, pH, acid mucopolysaccharides and uric acid. A method is described for calculating and combining the individual risk factors into a measure of the "relative probability" of forming stones (PSF). PSF values are generally lower in normal subjects than in stone-formers. Amongst the normals, PSF values are lower in children and women than in men. Recurrent stone-formers have the highest PSF values and these correlate well with the severity of the diseases as defined by the stone episode rate of the patient. Single stone formers have PSF values intermediate between those of normal men and those of recurrent stone-formers. PMID- 37976 TI - Abstracts of the proceedings of the Urological Society of Australasia 30th Annual General Meeting, Adelaide, Australia, 1978. PMID- 37977 TI - Ultrastructure of the normal human urethra. AB - The normal ultrastructure of the prostatic, bulbar and penile urethra in the human is described. The human urethra contains both exocrine and what appear to be endocrine glands. Further study is in progress to define the nature and role of the secretion from these endocrine glands. PMID- 37978 TI - Continuous monitoring of tissue pH. PMID- 37979 TI - One man's schizophrenic illness. PMID- 37980 TI - ARM at liverpool. PMID- 37981 TI - Continuous lumbar epidural analgesia for labour and delivery. PMID- 37982 TI - Withdrawal of alclofenac (Prinalgin) PMID- 37983 TI - Histological and neurochemical effects of fetal treatment with methylazoxymethanol on rat neocortex in adulthood. AB - Forebrain microencephaly results when developing rats are exposed to methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) at 15 days of gestation (DG). This potent alkylating agent is selectively cytotoxic for dividing cells. Since distinct neuronal populations in neocortex vary greatly with respect to timing of mitotic activity during gestation, it was predicted that some groups would be differentially reduced by treatment. Histological examination of neocortex from treated rats grown to adulthood revealed major losses of laminae II--IV with relative preservation of deeper layers. The atrophic adult neocortex was further characterized by assay of several defined pre- and postsynaptic neurochemical markers. Total markers for GABAergic neurons were greatly reduced (glutamate decarboxylase -71%, [3H]GABA synaptosomal uptake -63% and endogenous GABA -59%). Total [3H]GABA binding to cortical membranes was reduced 67%. Total [3H]glutamate synaptosomal uptake and endogenous glutamate were reduced 71% and 65% respectively. In contrast, total presynaptic markers for noradrenergic innervation were minimally altered but concentration of tyrosine hydroxylase, [3H]norepinephrine synaptosomal uptake and endogenous norepinephrine were increased by 275%, 130% and 133%, respectively. Concentration of cholinergic presynaptic markers was also increased (choline acetyltransferase +97%, endogenous acetylcholine +64%) in atrophic cortex, but to a lesser degree than for noradrenergic innervation. Specific binding of muscarinic cholinergic antagonist [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate and the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist [3H]dihydroalprenolol was reduced 25% and 29% respectively in treated cortex. Thus, MAM treatment at 15 DG severely reduces intrinsic neuronal populations including GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, and produces a shrunken cortex relatively hyperinnervated by noradrenergic and cholinergic neurons. MAM-induced microencephaly is a useful model system for producing relatively selective lesions of telencephalic neurons and for study of altered neurochemical relationships following developmentally incurred brain damage. PMID- 37984 TI - Dendro axonic neurotransmission. II. Morphological sites for the synthesis, binding and release of neurotransmitters in dopaminergic dendrites in the substantia nigra and cholinergic dendrites in the neostriatum. AB - Morphological evidence is presented indicating sites of synthesis, storage, and release of neurotransmitters in dendrites of dopaminergic cells of the substantia nigra and cholinergic cells of the neostriatum. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum can be identified in dopaminergic neurons touching the dendritic surface. The false transmitter for dopamine, 5-hydroxydopamine (5-OHDA), is localized to smooth endoplasmic reticulum or large vesicular structures which approach the dendritic surface. The dopamine synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), is localized to microtubules and smooth endoplasmic reticulum which approach the postsynaptic membrane. In the neostriatum, dopaminergic nerve endings make asymmetrical axospinous contacts. The postsynaptic spines often contain a few 'vesicles' near the postsynaptic thickenings. The surface and subsurface structures stain preferentially for choline acetyltransferase (CAT), the synthesizing enzyme for acetylcholine. It is hypothesized that neurotransmitters are released from dendrites as a general phenomenon in the CNS and that they can act upon axonal endings. PMID- 37985 TI - Regulation of dopamine synthesis in striatal synaptosomes during depolarization. AB - Incubation of striatal synaptosomes under depolarizing conditions (veratridine or KCl) increased the release of dopamine (DA) and produced a small increase in DA synthesis. This was not accompanied by an activation of either soluble or membrane-bound tyrosine hydroxylase, but was associated with a large depletion of synaptosomal DA. Thus, depolarization may increase DA synthesis by reducing the inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by end-product. PMID- 37986 TI - Rotational behaviour in rats with unilateral striatal kainic acid lesions: a behavioural model for studies on intact dopamine receptors. AB - Rotational behaviour can be induced in rats with unilateral kainic acid induced degeneration of the neostriatum and adjacent regions by means of dopaminergic drugs. Kainic acid lesioned rats, when challenged with apomorphine or the ergot compounds elymoclavine, lergotrile and bromocriptine, perform dose-related turning towards the lesioned side. Blockade of the rotations by a number of dopamine receptor antagonists indicates dopaminergic involvement. Since kainic acid treatment had previously been shown to reduce the number of dopamine receptors in the injected brain regions, ipsilateral turning behaviour elicited by dopaminergic drugs after these lesions seems to be due to intact receptors on the contralateral hemisphere. Comparison of rotation data from experiments at intact dopamine receptors with those from experiments at supersensitive dopamine receptors revealed: (1) A marked decrease of the threshold dose for induction of rotational behaviour in the 6-OHDA lesioned rats. This decrease is particularly pronounced for lergotrile and bromocriptine. (2) A higher peak activity of rotations in rats with supersensitive dopamine receptors. (3) A considerable increase in the slope values of logits plots following denervation of dopamine receptors. Thus, the present report suggests: (a) that a behavioural model for studies of drugs acting at intact dopamine receptors can be obtained by unilateral neostriatal kainate injections and (b) that development of dopaminergic supersensitivity involves increased affinity of the receptors for dopamine receptor agonists and an increase in the coupling to its biological effector mechanism. PMID- 37987 TI - Reduction of number of benzodiazepine binding sites in the caudate nucleus of the rat after kainic acid injections. PMID- 37988 TI - Peripheral sensory stimulation and the release of transmitter amino acids in vivo from specific regions of cerebral cortex. AB - The effects of sensory stimulation on the release of amino acids from sensorimotor and visual cortex have been studied using a superfusion technique. Electrical stimulation of the brachial plexus contralateral to the superfusion cannula increased significantly the release of glutamate and glutamine from the sensorimotor cortex of anaesthetized rats. No clear effect was observed with the other amino acids. Stimulation of the ipsilateral plexus had no effect on glutamate and glutamine release. In unanaesthetized animals stimulation of the contralateral brachial plexus raised the levels of all the amino acids in sensorimotor cortex superfusate. Weak photic stimulation of the eyes of dark adapted rats increased glutamate release from the visual cortex but caused no significant change in the release of other amino acids. All evoked increases in amino acids release were reversible at the cessation of the stimuli. PMID- 37989 TI - Neurotransmitter-related enzymes in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activities were measured in 20 brain regions from autopsied control and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) cases. Large, widespread reductions in the activities of ChAT and AChE were found in tissues from SDAT cases, while GAD activities were reduced in 3 of the 20 regions investigated. AChE activity in cerebrospinal fluid from SDAT cases was similar to that found in samples from non-demented patients. PMID- 37990 TI - Pharmacological characterization of perifornical hypothalamic dopamine receptors mediating feeding inhibition in the rat. AB - Mapping studies with central drug injections in the hungry rat have identified the perifornical lateral hypothalamus as being uniquely sensitive to the feeding suppressive effects of exogenous dopamine, as well as anorexic drugs which release endogenous catecholamines. In the present study, the hypothalamic dopamine-receptive sites mediating this phenomenon were pharmacologically characterized. These sites, studied via direct drug injection into the perifornical hypothalamus of freely moving, brain-cannulated rats, were found to be most responsive to dopamine, in a dose-dependent manner, but were also activated by other catecholamine receptor stimulants, with the order of potency being dopamine greater than apomorphine = epinine greater than norepinephrine. Clinically effective neuroleptic compounds antagonized these dopamine-sensitive sites, apparently in a competitive and stereochemically specific manner. The relative potency of the neuroleptics and structurally related compounds was calculated to be haloperidol greater than fluphenazine greater than chlorpromazine greater than pimozide greater than promazine. The ineffective neuroleptic promethazine, the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine and desipramine, and the antagonists of alpha-adrenergic, beta-adrenergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic receptors, did not manifest the ability to reverse dopamine's action. These results thus reveal properties of these hypothalamic dopamine-sensitive, feeding inhibitory sites which match to a large extent the characteristics recently identified for dopamine receptors in the periphery and extrahypothalamic brain areas. PMID- 37991 TI - Modulation of substantia nigra self-stimulation by neuropeptides related to neurohypophyseal hormones. PMID- 37992 TI - Interchangeable association of neurotransmitter receptors with several ionophores. PMID- 37993 TI - A model for synaptic transmission. PMID- 37994 TI - Effects of dimethyldiethanolammonium on the ionic permeability of chemically modulated channels in the frog endplate and the Onchidium neuron. PMID- 37995 TI - Effects of septal lesions and chronic estrogen treatment on dopamine, GABA and lordosis behavior in male rats. AB - Septal lesions (SL) in female rats result in an increased sensitivity to the behavioral effects of acute estradiol benzoate (ACUTE-EB; 2 microgram/day X 3) treatment as measured by the lordosis quotient (LQ: number of lordotic responses X 100/number of mounts). Male rats, intact or castrated, do not show this enhanced behavioral response to ACUTE-EB unless they are treated with EB (2 microgram/day) for 2--4 weeks immediately following the production of SL. The present study was undertaken to examine possible neurochemical alterations which could account for the enhanced behavioral sensitivity to ACUTE-EB seen in the SL male rat treated chronically with EB during the postlesion period (SL-EB). Three groups, normal males, SL-EB and SL males chronically treated with oil (SL-oil), were subdivided and treated with ACUTE-EB or oil and decapitated. The brains were removed, frozen and stored at -50 degrees C prior to dissection and assay. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity was assayed in the dopamine (DA) rich areas of the forebrain (striatum, STR, nucleus accumbens septi, ACB; and olfactory tubercle). The TH activity was significantly suppressed in both the STR and ACB of the SL-EB males treated with ACUTE-EB. The glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity in both the substantia nigra and ventral tegmentum was significantly increased in the SL-EB males given ACUTE-EB relative to that of all other groups. In summary, SL-EB males given ACUTE-EB show (1) an enhanced LQ, (2) decreased TH activity in the region of DA terminals, and (3) increased GAD activity in the region of DA cell bodies. The increase in GAD activity is suggested to be a result of an altered neuronal feedback because of plastic changes that occur during chronic EB treatment following production of SL. This probable increase in inhibitory tone in the region of the DA cell bodies may explain the observation that the SL-EB male exhibits decreased DA turnover following ACUTE-EB treatment. Moreover, since DA may be inhibitory to the display of lordosis behavior, the SL EB males may show an enhanced LQ, at least partially, because of this reduction in DA activity. PMID- 37996 TI - Light and electron microscopic identification of monoaminergic terminals in the central nervous system. AB - A brief critical survey of methods used for light and electron microscopic examination of amine-containing pathways within the CNS. Light microscopic techniques such as fluorescence histochemistry, immunocytochemistry, autoradiography, silver degeneration techniques, and retrograde tracing technique are suitable for studying the topography of pathways but, due to limits of resolution, they are inadequate for identifying terminals. Electron microscopy which is adequate to visualize terminals does not provide an overall view. This review considers various methods which have been devised to specifically detect aminergic nerve terminals. Electrolytic and chemical induced degenerations are described in noradrenergic, dopaminergic, and serotoninergic terminals. Although the individual degenerative alterations are not specific for aminergic terminals, the degenerative process when considered as a whole can be informative. At present no single technique can provide complete information about the origin, course, connections, and terminals of aminergic systems. Concurrent application of light and electron microscopy, experimental surgery, histochemistry, and microsample biochemistry would provide a complete description. PMID- 37997 TI - [Guanylate cyclase in Escherichia coli. I. Purification of the enzyme and evidence for an inhibitor]. AB - Guanylate cyclase activity is present in crude E. coli extract. Guanylate cyclase has been purified 3500 fold from this extract, through ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Sephadex G-75 gel-filtration and polyacrylamide gel preparative microelectrophoresis. During the purification a guanylate cyclase inhibitor has been separated. PMID- 37998 TI - [Guanyl cyclase in Escherichia coli. II. Identification and characteristics on the enzyme inhibitor]. AB - The activity of guanylate cyclase and that of its inhibitor present in E. coli extract, have been separated through a linear KCl gradient on DEAE-cellulose column. The activity of the inhibitor is lost after ribonuclease treatment, whereas is strengthened by addition of poly (C). Other types of RNA synthetic homopolymers do not affect the inhibitor's activity. Chromatographic analysis of the products of guanylate cyclase measured in the presence of FI and FI plus poly (C), indicated that the inhibitor has a poly (C) dependent GTPase activity. PMID- 38000 TI - Dental emergencies and the physical education and recreation instructor. PMID- 37999 TI - [Similar distribution of the activities of neutral alpha-glucosidase (gamma amylase) and glucose-6-phosphatase in subcellular fractions from rat and trout livers]. AB - alpha-glucosidases are cellular enzymes, able to split the polysaccharides into glucose. In subcellular fractions from rat and trout hepatocytes, the distribution patterns of neutral alpha-glucosidase and of glucose-6-phosphatase appear to be very similar, i.e., closely linked to the endoplasmic reticulum, and are somewhat related to the particular glycogen. The data suggest a probable role of neutral alpha-glucosidase in cell physiology and in carbohydrates metabolism. PMID- 38001 TI - Inhibition of the cardiac inotropic effect of phenylephrine by a tetramine disulfide with irreversible alpha-adrenoceptor blocking activity. AB - The newly synthesized alpha-adrenoceptor blocking drug BHC (N,N'-bis[6-(10 methoxybenzyl-amino)-a-hexyl]cystamine) was found to block irreversibly the positive inotropic effect of the sympathomimetic drug phenylephrine on the isolated rat left atrium. BHC was used to test the adrenoceptor interconversion hypothesis which claims that low temperature converts inotropic beta adrenoceptors in rat atrium and frog ventricle to alpha-adrenoceptors. There was no evidence of adrenoceptor 'interconversion.' In the rat atrium low temperature did not increase the BHC antagonism of phenylephrine and did not cause BHC to inhibit the inotropic effect of noradrenaline or isoprenaline. In the perfused frog heart low temperature did not lead BHC to inhibit the inotropic effect of phenylephrine, adrenaline, or isoprenaline. PMID- 38002 TI - The syndrome of pneumococcemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and asplenia. AB - A 58-year-old man who survived an episode of fulminant pneumococcal septicemia with disseminated intravascular coagulation had undergone splenectomy 23 years previously. In the literature there are 25 reported cases of fulminant septicemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with asplenia in adults (excluding cases in which corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy was given). The pneumococcus was responsible for all of these cases as well. The mortality in this series was more than 90%, and death occurred within 24 hours of presentation at hospital in almost 70% of the fatal cases and was associated with high-density bacteremia and adrenal hemorrhage. Gram-staining of the buffy coat of the peripheral blood or the exudate from purpuric skin lesions was carried out in only 6 of the 26 cases but yielded positive results in all but 1. It is concluded that a diagnosis of septicemia in asplenic adults can be established within a short time of presentation on the basis of statistical probability and the results of Gram-staining of the peripheral blood and exudate from the skin lesions. Prevention appears to be the cornerstone of management because of the variable interval from splenectomy to the onset of the syndrome and the high mortality. PMID- 38003 TI - Analogs of L-aspartic acid in chemotherapy for cancer. AB - The interaction of analogs of L-aspartic acid with adenylosuccinic acid synthetase, L-asparagine synthetase, and L-aspartic acid transcarbamylase is discussed. Each of these enzymes is of critical importance in the economy of certain types of tumor cells. L-Alanosine, a new antitumor antibiotic, is shown to be accepted as a substrate by the enzymes of de novo purine biosynthesis which ordinarily use L-aspartic acid as a substrate; as a consequence of this interaction, an anabolite is thought to be produced which impairs the formation of adenine nucleotides by inhibiting adenylosuccinate synthetase, leading to an interruption in DNA synthesis. Homoserine-beta-adenylate, guanidinosuccinic acid, and PA2LA [3-(phosphonacetylamido)-L-alanine] are shown to be inhibitors of L asparagine synthetase from murine lymphoblasts; each of these analogs of L aspartic acid exhibits novel structural properties which can be used by synthetic chemists in the design of molecules with an even greater ability to block the biosynthesis of L-asparagine. Certain aspects of the mechanism of action of PALA (N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartic acid) were examined. This agent, which is a potent inhibitor of mammalian L-aspartic acid transcarbamylase, is capable of stimulating the homologous enzyme from Escherichia coli under certain circumstances. In vivo the duration of inhibition produced by this agent is shown to be unusually protracted; for example, L-aspartic acid transcarbamylase in mouse liver remains at 30% of treatment levels for greater than or equal to 20 days after a single therapeutic dose of PALA. This long-lasting effect reflects either sluggish synthesis of new enzyme molecules in this organ or shuttling of the inhibitor from old to new molecules. It is suggested that new and still more potent analogs of L-aspartic acid be sought, and that they be screened, inter alia, against these target enzymes. PMID- 38004 TI - Effects of methionine sulfoximine analogs on the synthesis of glutamine and glutathione: possible chemotherapeutic implications. PMID- 38005 TI - Molecular engineering of the L-tryptophan-depleting enzyme indolyl-3-alkane alpha hydroxylase. AB - Polymaleic acid and polyacrylic acid polymers have been covalently linked to indolyl-3-alkane alpha-hydroxylase with a shift of the pH optimum from 3.5 to between 5.0 and 5.5. In addition, the specific activity of the modified enzyme was increased approximately threefold at pH 7.0. The Km values of the polymer bound enzyme preparations are essentially the same as that of the native enzyme. The plasma half-life was shortened from 6-7 hours with the native enzyme to 2-4 hours with the modified enzymes. The degree of L-tryptophan depletion in the circulation of mice, however, was the same during a 24-hour period after injection of native or modified enzymes. PMID- 38006 TI - Abstracts from the First International Congress on Hormones and Cancer, Rome, Italy, October 3--6, 1979. PMID- 38007 TI - Determinants of hypoxic contracture in isolated heart muscle preparations. AB - Further studies on hypoxic contracture are described, using resting and contracting isolated muscle preparations from several species. The effect of temperature, pH, substrate, calcium concentration, osmolality and inotropic interventions was explored. The 'protective' effect of acidosis was not contingent on its negative inotropic influence. No evidence was adduced that hypoxic contracture can be modulated other than by altering energy supply or demand. The study does not discriminate between rigor and rised cytosolic calcium as mechanisms causing hypoxic contracture, but demonstrates that hypoxic contracture is not directly dependent on the availability of intracellular calcium. PMID- 38008 TI - Microhardness indentations on artificial white spot lesions. PMID- 38009 TI - Cyclic nucleotide metabolism during lymphocyte transformation. I. Enzymatic mechanisms in changes in cAMP and cGMP concentration in Balb/c mice. PMID- 38010 TI - Cyclic nucleotide metabolism during lymphocyte transformation. II. Comparative studies in the nude Balb/c mouse. PMID- 38011 TI - Effect of thymic humoral factor in vitro on human bone marrow and blood cells from B-, T- and null-cell acute lymphatic leukemia. PMID- 38012 TI - Donor-specific and nonspecific impairment of graft-versus-host reactivity in F1 hybrid rats after pretreatment with parental strain lymphocytes. PMID- 38013 TI - Metabolism of 4-hydroxy-2,3-pentene-1-al in submitochondrial fractions of mouse liver. AB - The location of the enzymic system involved in the metabolism of 4-hydroxy-2-3 pentene-1-al (HPE) in the livers of female mice (CBA/CA) has been established. All mitochondrial membranes showed some activity with slightly higher metabolism in the matrix. The enzymic system had a pH optimum of 8.8 using pyrophosphate buffer. Suitable marker enzymes were used to test the contamination of the different submitochondrial fractions with each other. PMID- 38014 TI - [Reflections on ten years' experience in the treatment of hemorrhagic colorectitis and Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. AB - The authors offer a critical review of eight cases of hemorrhagic colorectitis and Crohn's disease (regional ileitis) managed with medical treatments, and eleven like cases treated surgically, during the last ten years. After a discussion of the resources and limitations of medical therapy, the authors describe the various surgical strategies adopted in their cases; they define the possibility of obtaining final cures in Crohn's disease with extended ileocolectomy; and concerning ulcerative forms, they point out the greater efficacy of surgical procedures involving sacrifice of the rectum compared to those in which the terminal segment of the gut is used immediately or later for restoring continuity of the intestinal canal. PMID- 38015 TI - [Metabolic activity of adipose tissue in the goat during gestation and at the beginning of lactation]. AB - In 5 French Alpine goats, omental adipose tissue acetyl-CoA carboxylase, glucose 6-phosphate deshydrogenase, malic enzyme and lipoprotein lipase activities significantly decreased during the third month of gestation, whereas plasma non esterified fatty acid and triacyglycerol contents increased. This probably reflects an early decreasing rate of adipose tissue anabolism during gestation in the Goat. At the third week of lactation, anabolic activities relative to DNA content of adipose tissue were extremely low, and the tissue weight relative to DNA was lower than during gestation. Metabolic alterations of omental adipose tissue in early lactation do not seem to be related to milk production level. These results could contribute to a better control of the kinetic of body lipid stores during the reproductive cycle in high milk yielding ruminants. PMID- 38016 TI - [Protection against mercuric chloride nephropathy by sodium selenite in the rat]. AB - Daily intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 or 5 mumole HgCl2 to male Rats weighing 250 to 350 g induces an early intense increase of urine gamma-glutamyl transferase activity. In the same conditions, equimolecular administration of sodium selenite and mercuric chloride induces no increase of the enzymuria for the low dose: for the high dose- a minor and more persistent increase of urine GGT is observed. Thus, the activity of urines GGT allows, in vivo, to establish that sodium selenite protects Rat kidney against toxic effects of mercuric chloride. PMID- 38017 TI - Myocardial function in endotoxin shock. PMID- 38018 TI - Effect of reagent pH on determination of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by precipitation with sodium phosphotungstate-magnesium. AB - When determining high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by use of sodium phosphotungstate-magnesium precipitation method, I found that the pH of the sodium phosphotungstate reagent was a critical factor in the method. Unless the pH of the reagent was less than 7.6, the precipitation of low-density lipoprotein and very-low-density lipoprotein was incomplete. When the specimen pH was between 7.35 and 8.65, the pH of the serum of plasma did not influence the completeness of precipitation. Optimum concentrations of precipitation reagents, determined after the pH of the sodium phosphotungstate reagent was standardized to pH 6. 15, were 40 g/L for sodium phosphotungstate and 2 mol/L for MgCl2. The distribution of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in a healthy adult population was skewed to the left for women (n = 34; mean = 660 mg/L) and bi-modal for men (n = 44; mean = 460 mg/mL). The central 95% reference interval was 280 to 880 mg/L for women and 250 to 750 mg/L for men. PMID- 38019 TI - Reference values for selected enzyme activities and protein concentrations in serum and plasma derived from cord-blood specimens. PMID- 38020 TI - Fixed-time kinetic assay of plasma ammonia, with NADPH as cofactor, with a centrifugal analyzer. AB - We describe a fixed-time, enzymatic, reaction-rate procedure for determining plasma ammonia with a centrifugal analyzer (Rotochem IIA/36; American Instrument Co., silver Spring, MD 20910), with NADPH as cofactor. The reaction is based on that of da Fonseca-Wollheim's modification [J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 11, 421 (1973)] of the Kirstein reaction, which depends on the catalytic amination of alpha-ketoglutarate by the action of glutamate dehydrogenase with NADPH as the cofactor instead of NADH. Use of NADPH minimizes interference from endogenous reactions such as that between lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate. This method permits shortened preincubation time and thus improves both specificity and precision. This assay requires 100 microliter of freshly collected heparinized plasma, gives quantitative analytical recovery, and the standard curve is linear to 430 mumol/L. Data are presented comparing results with those by two other enzymatic ammonia procedures. PMID- 38021 TI - Properties and uses of immobilized light-emitting enzyme systems from Beneckea harveyi. AB - Bacterial luciferase and NADH:FMN oxidoreductase have been immobilized onto arylamine glass beads. These immobilized enzymes can detect as little as 0.2 pmol of NADH per assay sample. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase has been co immobilized with these enzymes, and with this system it is possible to quantitate 1 pmol of glucose 6-phosphate. By co-immobilizing a fourth enzyme, hexokinase, onto the glass beads, the system can reproducibly detect 20 pmol of glucose per liter. These immobilized enzyme systems are potentially superior to soluble enzymes by being reusable and much more stable. We compared the light-emitting properties of the immobilized enzyme systems with that of an equivalent mixture of the soluble enzymes. The most striking difference was the apparently more efficient conversion of NADH or glucose 6-phosphate to light by the immobilized enzymes. We used hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in developing a soluble coupled system for the assay of androsterone and testosterone. The lower limit of detection was 100 pmol. PMID- 38022 TI - Aminoglycoside antibiotic measurement by bioluminescence, with use of plasmid coded enzymes. AB - We describe a bioluminescent assay for gentamicin in serum that is applicable to the measurement of other aminoglycosides as well. The assay is based on the measurement of residual ATP with the luciferase reaction after incubation of the antibiotic with a plasmid-coded enzyme. Two aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes were used: an adenylytransferase and an acetyltransferase coupled to S-acetyl coenzymeA synthetase. We investigated the latter system further because of the good stability of the acetyltransferase, its recovery in high yield from bacteria, and its more favorable ATP/gentamicin mass ratio. Serum ATPases were inactivated at 60 degrees C for 20 min. The operating range of the assay was 0-15 mg of gentamicin per liter. The precision (CV) was 10.1% at a concentration of 2 mg/L and 1.1% at 10 mg/L. The method correlated well with a radio-enzymatic assay for mock unknown sera (r = 0.981). The results were available within 2 h. PMID- 38023 TI - Rate of achieving thermal equilibrium in two models of centrifugal analyzers. PMID- 38024 TI - Diaysis of urine in determination of arylsulphatase A activity. PMID- 38025 TI - High dose methotrexate treatment and its problems. A workshop held in Sydney, Australia in December 1977. PMID- 38026 TI - Renal uptake and nephrotoxicity of gentamicin during urinary alkalinization in rats. AB - 1. Effect of urine pH on accumulation of gentamicin in the renal cortex of rats was studied following constant intravenous infusion, and single or repeated i.v. injections with gentamicin. 2. The cortical uptake of gentamicin was moderately inhibited by urinary alkalinization due to sodium bicarbonate treatment, but was unaffected by acidification with ammonium chloride. The altered urinary pH had no effect on urinary excretion of gentamicin. 3. An alkaline urine induced by acetazolamide injections failed to influence cortical accumulation of gentamicin. This effect may be ascribed to 'acidification' of the proximal tubular fluid after carbonic anhydrase inhibition, even though the final urine was alkaline. 4. Nephrotoxicity resulting from chronic treatment of gentamicin was ameliorated by concomitant sodium bicarbonate administration. 5. In conclusion, the intratubular pH of the proximal tubule is a factor which influences the cortical uptake of gentamicin, probably by means of changing the cationic nature of the molecule and, therefore, reduced binding with the luminal membrane. PMID- 38027 TI - Reactivity of the cardiovascular system in the tetraplegic patient. PMID- 38028 TI - [Current anxiolytic agents]. PMID- 38029 TI - [Diagnostic considerations on masked depression in medical practice: personal studies on treatment with bromazepam]. PMID- 38030 TI - Toxicological determination of benzodiazepines in serum: methods and concentrations associated with high-dose intravenous therapy with diazepam. AB - This paper describes a rapid and simple procedure for the determination of benzodiazepines in biological samples. Five common benzodiazepines (diazepam, oxazepam, clorazepate, flurazepam, and chlordiazepoxide) and/or their major metabolites are extracted from a buffered serum sample at pH 9.2 by a mixture of toluene, hexane, and isoamyl alcohol. The phases are separated by centrifugation, and a small aliquot of the organic layer is injected into a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron-capture detector. The drugs are identified and quantitated by comparison with standards simultaneously processed similarly. A sample can be analyzed in about 30 min. The technique is illustrated by its application to sequential samples from a patient being treated for delirium tremens with large intravenous doses of diazepam. Serum diazepam, N desmethyldiazepam, and oxazepam concentrations several times higher than usually encountered therapeutically were observed. PMID- 38031 TI - Behavioral effects of amfonelic acid in rats: a comparison with amphetamine and apomorphine. PMID- 38032 TI - Effect of long-term neuroleptic treatment on dopamine tuberoinfundibular system: development of tolerance? PMID- 38033 TI - Biochemical methods for predicting the occurrence of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 38034 TI - Obituary: Professor M. J. Michelson (died 16 August 1978). The contribution of Professor M. J. Michelson to comparative and evolutionary pharmacology. PMID- 38035 TI - Species differences of the stereoselective binding of phenprocoumon and warfarin enantiomers to serum albumins. PMID- 38036 TI - Circadian rhythm in brain catecholamine concentrations in the teleost: Anguilla anguilla L. PMID- 38037 TI - Distribution of DDT between the lipoproteins of trout serum. PMID- 38038 TI - Ionic dependence of the response to acetylcholine of a molluscan buccal muscle: the radular protractor of Busycon canaliculatum. PMID- 38039 TI - Trehalose production in isolated fat body of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. PMID- 38040 TI - The effects of zinc ion on the mechanical responses of Mytilus smooth muscle. PMID- 38041 TI - A qualitative comparison between the pharmacological properties of nictitating membrane-superior cervical ganglion preparations of rabbit and cat. PMID- 38042 TI - Effects of pH, temperature and Cu2+ on the activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase from the chromaffin tissue of the cod, Gadus morhua. PMID- 38043 TI - Seasonal and social determinants of urinary catecholamines in the lesser mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus, Cheirogaleinae, primates). PMID- 38044 TI - Toxicity of arsenic to developing muskellunge fry (Esox masquinongy). PMID- 38045 TI - Allantoinase in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush): in vitro effects of PCBs, DDT and metals. PMID- 38046 TI - Comparison of the acetylcholine response potentials with the synaptic potentials in molluscan central nerve cells. PMID- 38047 TI - The role of serotonin in the control of pedal ciliary activity by identified neurons in Tritonia diomedea. PMID- 38048 TI - Activity changes in some large neurons of Archachatina caused by the molluscicide frescon. PMID- 38049 TI - The effect of isoproterenol on the anuran water balance response. PMID- 38050 TI - Changes in the activity of acetylcholinesterase from the brain of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) with age. PMID- 38051 TI - Leukapheresis and granulocyte transfusion. AB - Granulocyte transfusion is becoming widely used in the treatment of infections in granulocytopenic patients. Several techniques are available for granulocyte collection. Some involve centrifugation of the whole blood and one removes granulocytes from whole blood by reversible adhesion to nylon fibers. The risks to the donor from leukapheresis do not appear to be greater than from whole blood donation. Granulocytes collected by centrifuge techniques function normally in vitro and have normal intravascular recovery and disappearance following transfusion. Granulocytes collected by filtration leukapheresis function almost normally in vitro but have a reduced intravascular recovery and abnormal kinetics as they leave the circulation. The role of leukocyte typing and compatibility testing for granulocyte transfusion is controversial. When the recipient has circulating antibody against donor leukocytes, transfused leukocytes do not circulate or migrate to sites of infection but are sequestered in the liver and spleen. Clinical studies have not defined whether patients benefit equally well clinically from transfusion of compatible or incompatible granulocytes. Initial reports of clinical trials of granulocyte transfusion were promising. However, similar patients who did not receive granulocytes were not studied. Most subsequent controlled trials showed a clear benefit from granulocyte transfusion while others did not. Differences in antibiotic therapy, chemotherapy, use of laminar flow rooms, and grouping of patients make it difficult to compare these clinical trials. Some, but not all, infected granulocytopenic patients benefit from transfusion. Granulocyte transfusions improve survival of granulocytopenic patients with gram negative sepsis and prolonged bone marrow aplasia. Studies are now attempting to identify other patients who should receive granulocytes, the optimum dose and schedule of transfusions, the optimum time to begin transfusion, and the value, if any, of prophylactic transfusions. PMID- 38052 TI - "The colouring substance of blood.". AB - Over a century ago, Stokes wrote on the oxidation and reduction of "the colouring substance of the blood." The mechanisms that govern the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin have been defined in even greater detail and higher orders of accuracy, even to the ends of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. The Bohr effect has ceased to be a reduction in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen due to an increasing hydrogen ion concentration and according to a mere logarithmic equilibration constant. The constant has become a variable, subject to the interactions of temperature, carbon dioxide, organic phosphate, and ionic concentrations. This interdependence of so many variables has rendered the once inaccurate, but precise prediction of the effect of tht, well beyond the means of the average physician managing the treatment of a sick patient. PMID- 38053 TI - History and theory of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. PMID- 38054 TI - Physiological significance of the interaction of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood. PMID- 38055 TI - In vitro measurement of P50--the pH correction, and use of frozen red blood cells as controls. AB - The Unicam Spectrophotometer, the IL 282 CO-Oximeter, and the Hemoscan were used to measure the in vitro P50 using 1, 20--45, and 50% hematocrit values of red blood cells suspended in autologous plasma or phosphate buffered saline at pH of 6.7--7.7. The relation between pH and P50 was a linear correlation for washed red blood cells by all three methods whereas the relation between pH and P50 was a log correlation for red blood cells in plasma. Multiple units of red blood cells with low 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) and increased affinity for oxygen, with normal 2,3 DPG and normal affinity for oxygen, and above normal 2,3 DPG and decreased affinity for oxygen, were frozen in 10 ml aliquots with 40% w/v glycerol and maintained at -80 degrees C. One tube of each level of 2.3 DPG was thawed, washed, and suspended in buffer daily to yield P50 values of 17.5 +/- 0.67, 29.7 +/- 0.92, or 41.2 +/- 0.72 torr at pH 7.2 in order to have a control of both instrumentation and personnel. PMID- 38056 TI - Automated method for determination of oxygen equilibrium curves of red cell suspensions under controlled buffer conditions and its clinical applications. AB - The accurate determination of the oxygen equilibrium curve (OEC) of whole blood or red cell suspensions requires special considerations to avoid the secondary effects due to lactate formation, removal of carbon dioxide, use of anticoagulants, etc. An automated apparatus has been constructed that can record the whole OEC of red cells within 20 min. The instrument also can be used to record the OEC of hemolysate. The pH, temperature, and PO2 are monitored constantly during the measurement. Using this instrument, the effects of pH, temperature, carbon dioxide, anticoagulants, and buffers on the OEC of normal fresh blood have been investigated. The OEC of normal blood, blood containing abnormal hemoglobin, or enzyme, were determined. The results were compared with those obtained using commercial OEC apparatuses. PMID- 38057 TI - Determination of O2 affinity of hemoglobin by independent continuous measurement of SO2, PO2, and pH, with control of pH, PCO2, and temperature. PMID- 38058 TI - A nomogram for the calculation of P50 from a single equilibration. PMID- 38059 TI - Diphosphoglycerate in massive transfusion and erythropoiesis. PMID- 38060 TI - Clinical implications of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in the neonatal period. AB - Factors responsible for determining the position of the oxyhemoglobin equilibrium curve during the neonatal period are briefly reviewed and the clinical implications of these changes are examined. Two clinical trials employing exchange transfusions as an adjunct to conventional therapy of the severe respiratory distress syndrome have both demonstrated that this procedure reduces mortality. In neither study was it possible to demonstrate that the improvement was a direct consequence of the reduction in hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen that was produced by the substitution of fetal hemoglobin by adult hemoglobin. Data on the role of the position of the oxyhemoglobin equilibrium curve in the regulation of erythropoiesis during the "anemia of prematurity" demonstrate that the ability to unload oxygen is more important than the absolute hemoglobin level in both the stimulus to erythropoietin production and the clinical manifestations of anemia. The gradual shift of the position of the oxyhemoglobin equilibrium curve which occurs during the early months of life may not be sufficient in all infants to meet the growing preterm infants' metabolic needs without evoking additional cardiac compensation. PMID- 38061 TI - Importance of oxygen transport in clinical medicine. AB - One or more of the several components of the oxygen transport system may function abnormally in critical illness. Arterial hypoxemia is an important feature of acute respiratory failure. Its prominence may obscure other limitations in oxygen availability such as low cardiac output, anemia, or an increased red cell affinity state. These several components of the oxygen transport system can be influenced by therapeutic maneuvers, but the result may not necessarily be a net benefit. For example, red blood cell transfusion therapy may correct anemia, but increase the red blood cell affinity state so as to adversely affect cardiac function. Treatment programs require consideration of the interaction of these several variables affecting oxygen transport. PMID- 38062 TI - Biochemical modification and freeze-preservation of red blood cells. A new method. PMID- 38063 TI - Bactericidal action of an average dose of erythromycin in the bronchi. AB - A study was carried out to establish whether erythromycin stearate was bacteriostatic or bactericidal at the concentrations reached in the bronchial secretion. Twenty-two patients suffering from an acute attack of chronic bronchitis, sustained by streptococci, diplococci, staphylococci or H. influenzae sensitive to erythromycin, were treated with 1500 mg erythromycin per day until symptoms regressed, usually within 3 to 5 days. The results showed that after treatment there was a dramatic reduction in the number of bacterial colonies cultured from the bronchial secretion and marked changes in bacterial morphology were seen using electron microscopy. Further evidence of bactericidal activity was provided by the rapid clinical response of the patients. PMID- 38064 TI - Antianxiety drugs in alcohol withdrawal. PMID- 38065 TI - Case presentations from the Patch Test Clinic, American Academy of Dermatology, San Francisco, December 5, 1978. PMID- 38066 TI - Empyema with alkaline pH. PMID- 38067 TI - [International Conference on Primary Health Care at Alma Ata (U.S.S.R)]. PMID- 38068 TI - [Health status of mothers and children: Dr. Mahler's report to World Health Assembly]. PMID- 38069 TI - [Molecular aspects of disorders in fibrillogenesis of connective tissue caused by medicinal ligands]. PMID- 38070 TI - A pharmacokinetic model for enterohepatic recirculation in the rat: phenolphthalein, a model drug. AB - A classical compartmental pharmacokinetic model was developed to describe the systemic blood concentration-time profile of phenolphthalein and its glucuronide conjugate (total 3H) following a single intravenous bolus injection of [3H]phenolphthalein. The model incorporates a biliary transport system, including a finite lag time for the biliary phenophthalein glucuronide to be hydrolyzed in the intestine before absorption. Data obtained from bile duct-cannulated animals were fit to the same model excluding any component for intestinal absorption. Agreement between the rate constants obtained for both fits indicates that the model is internally consistent. The model was then used to simulate a 24-hour time-course of phenolphthalein-equivalent blood concentrations which indicates that the long apparent half-lives calculated during this period are artifacts of recirculation. PMID- 38071 TI - Re-evaluation of the antimineralocorticoid effect of the spironolactone metabolite, canrenone, from plasma concentrations determined by a new high pressure liquid-chromatographic method. PMID- 38072 TI - Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effect of pethidine (meperidine) and its metabolites in the rat. AB - The pharmacokinetics of pethidine (meperidine) and norpethidine (normeperidine) have been investigated after iv administration of pethidine in the rat. The plasma concentration-time curve for pethidine could be described by a triexponential function. The calculated half-lives were 6.0, 18.5, and 64.5 min. Norpethidine, metabolically formed from pethidine, reached maximum plasma concentrations after 30 min and declined biexponentially with half-lives of 66.8 and 301 min. The time course of analgesia after iv administration of pethidine, norpethidine, and p-hydroxypethidine has also been evaluated. When the pharmacokinetic data were compared with the time course of analgesia, the plasma levels of pethidine could be correlated with the analgesic effect after the first rapid distribution phase. The pharmacokinetic constants for pethidine and norpethidine were used to stimulate the plasma levels of these compounds after multiple doses of pethidine. Accumulation of norpethidine was demonstrated to occur, which may be of importance when toxic and analgesic effects of pethidine are evaluated. PMID- 38073 TI - Effect of ethanol on the renal excretion and metabolism of choline in the isolated perfused rat kidney. AB - The isolated perfused rat kidney was used to investigate the effect of ethanol on the renal excretion and metabolism of choline. Choline at an initial perfusate concentration of 2.8 mM, with tracer amounts of [methyl-14C]choline, was recirculated through kidneys and radioactivity measured in perfusate, urine, and kidney. 14C-Choline and its metabolites were identified by chromatographic and electrophoretic procedures. Tubular excretion of choline was demonstrated and a transport maximum (Tm) of 1.6 mumol/kidney/min was reached at a choline perfusate concentration of 1.2 mM. Addition of 50 mM ethanol resulted in a 56% increase in the choline Tm and 100 mM ethanol decreased the choline Tm by 25%. The rate of loss of 14C-choline from the perfusate was increased by the lower ethanol concentration and decreased by the higher ethanol concentration. Ethanol at both concentrations diminished the amount of 14C remaining in the kidney. 14C-Betaine was the major choline metabolite and the only 14C-metabolite present in perfusate or urine. Addition of either 50 or 100 mM ethanol increased both glomerular filtration rate and urine volume. PMID- 38074 TI - Studies of the mechanism of the substrate activation of glucuronyltransferase by 7-hydroxychlorpromazine. PMID- 38075 TI - The metabolism of N-hydroxyphentermine by rat liver microsomes. AB - N-Hydroxyphentermine is oxidized to 2-methyl-2-nitro-1-phenylpropane by rat liver microsome preparations. This oxidation accounts for differences noted in levels of N-hydroxyphentermine formed from phentermine in washed and unwashed microsome preparations. The reaction is inhibited by hemoglobin and catalase, whose presence in unwashed microsomes could terminate the N-oxidation of phentermine at the hydroxylamine level. The hydroxylamine-nitro-oxidation appears to be dependent on cytochrome P-450, as the reaction was induced by phenobarbital pretreatment and inhibited by carbon monoxide and 2,4-dichloro-6 phenylphenoxyethylamine. PMID- 38076 TI - Foreign compound metabolism by isolated cells from rabbit lung. PMID- 38077 TI - Biotransformation of 4'-ethynl-2-fluorobiphenyl in the rat. In vitro and in vivo studies. AB - The absorption, metabolism, and plasma pharmacokinetics of a novel anti inflammatory agent, 4'-ethynyl-2-fluorobiphenyl, was studied in the rat. 4'-[1 14C]Ethynyl-2-fluorobiphenyl was quantitatively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Excretion of radiocarbon into urine was greater than excretion into bile. Appreciate amounts of radiocarbon remained in the carcass 24 hr after dosing. The only metabolite in plasma was (2-fluoro-4'-biphenylyl)acetic acid, which also possessed anti-inflammatory activity. Unchanged 4'-ethynyl-2 fluorobiphenyl was present after administration of higher doses. Peak plasma concentrations of (5-fluoro-4'-biphenylyl)acetic acid were observed within 1 hr of administration. The apparent plasma half-life of this acidic metabolite was 4 hr. The major eliminated metabolite was (4-hydroxy-2-fluoro-4'-biphenylyl)acetic acid. In vivo and in vitro metabolism studies suggest that the major metabolic pathway involves microsomal hydroxylation of the C-H bond of the ethynyl moiety to yield, after rearrangement, a highly reactive intermediate metabolite, 2 fluoro-4'-biphenylylketene. PMID- 38078 TI - Disposition of flunisolide in the rat, mouse, dog, rhesus monkey, and cynomolgus monkey. AB - Flunisolide (6 alpha-fluoro-11 beta, 16 alpha, 17 alpha, 21-tetrahydroxypregna 1,4-diene-3,20-dione 16,17-acetonide) administered as a single iv or oral dose to rats, mice, dogs, rhesus monkeys, and cynomolgus monkeys had a plasma t 1/2 of 1 3.5 hr and was eliminated mainly via the bile. After iv administration of 14C labeled flunisolide, radioactivity was widely distributed into tissues and organs. The apparent volume of distribution of flunisolide in these five species was 3.0-8.0 liters/kg. A major metabolite isolated from rhesus monkey urine was shown to be 6 beta, 11 beta, 16 alpha, 17 alpha, 21-pentahydroxypregna-1,4-diene 3,20-dione 16,17-acetonide (6 beta-OH metabolite). Free 6 beta-OH metabolite was a major radioactive entity detected in urine of all species given radiolabeled flunisolide, whereas flunisolide conjugated with glucuronic acid and/or sulfate was a major metabolite detected in the bile of rats, dogs, and cynomolgus monkeys. Following the oral administration of radiolabeled flunisolide, radioactivity was rapidly and efficiently absorbed in all species, but in the rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys most of the plasma radioactivity was due to the 6 beta-OH metabolite and to water-soluble conjugates, suggesting extensive first pass metabolism of flunisolide. PMID- 38079 TI - Metabolism and disposition by the rat of 35S-sulfadiazine alone and in the presence of trimethoprim. AB - The tissue distribution and metabolism of 35S-sulfadiazine (I, SDZ) alone and in the presence of trimethoprim (TMP) was studied in the male rat. In the 72-hr period following a single oral dose (30 mg/kg) of 35S-SDZ/TMP (5/1, w/w), 87% of the radioactivity was recovered in the urine and 15% of the radioactivity was recovered in the feces. The concentrations of drug-related material in the plasma or tissues after 72 hr were less than 0.1 ppm with the exception of the liver (0.13 ppm). Aside from intact drug, the two major urinary metabolites (greater than 5% of the radioactivity in urine) were N4-acetylsulfadiazine (II) and sulfadiazine N4-glucuronide (VI). Three minor urinary metabolites (less than 5%) were identified as N4-acetyl-2-sulfanilamido-4-hydroxypyrimidine (IV), 2 sulfanilamido-4-hydroxypyrimidine (III) and 2-sulfanilamido-5-hydroxypyrimidine (V). Metabolites IV and V are novel metabolites of SDZ and have not been reported previously for any species. The relative amounts of sulfadiazine and its metabolites excreted in the urine and feces as well as the distribution of intact drug and 35S in rat tissues were determined. The metabolites were screened for antibacterial activity; the N4-acetylated metabolites II and IV were inactive, whereas the hydroxypyrimidine metabolites III and V were active against a few organisms but in general much less active than I. PMID- 38080 TI - Retention of cytosine arabinoside in mouse lung following intravenous administration in liposomes of different size. AB - An extrusion technique was used to obtain multilamellar lipid vesicles (MLV, liposomes) of different size distribution. The larger MLV ranged in diameter from 0.1 to 2.6 mu and the smaller from 0.1 to 1.5 mu, and both were composed of phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol in the molar ratio 1:4:5. After intravenous injection of large and small MLV containing encapsulated [3H]cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), their distribution in various organs showed that the fraction of the dose associated with lung was greater for large MLV relative to small MLV by factors of 3.6--10 after 1 hr, 5.3--14 after 4 hr, and 17--23 after 24 hr. For large MLV more than 50% of drug remaining in vivo after 24 hr was associated with the lung, compared with 2.5% for small MLV. Almost all of the 3H associated with lung at all times for both large and small MLV could be accounted for by unchanged ara-C. Differences in 3H levels between small and large MLV in other tissues were much less dramatic or were not significant. The apparent in vivo stability of the liposomes was not affected by size. The data are consistent with an initial trapping of large MLV during first passage in the lung, with subsequent binding and retention. Release of ara-C from large or small MLV in the lung is apparently slow relative to meatbolism. PMID- 38081 TI - Biotransformation of mazindol. II. Absorption and excretion in the dog and man. AB - On administration of tritium-labeled mazindol (l) to man and the dog, absorption was slow but complete. Excretion was slow in both dog and man, but the dog did excrete the drug and/or metabolites faster than man. Blood levels of l in man after a single oral dose of a 2-mg tablet reached a peak value of 2.5 ng/ml, which remained essentially unchanged for at least 6 hr. After multiple doses of a 2-mg tablet t.i.d. for 4 days to subjects who had been receiving nonlabeled l, 2 mg t.i.d. for 6 months, the blood level reached a maximum concentration of 10.8 ng/ml, measured 2 hr after the last dose on day 4. This value is somewhat higher than predicted by the single-dose data, indicating that in man, mazindol does not induce its own metabolism. PMID- 38082 TI - Biotransformation of mazindol. III. Comparison of metabolism in rat, dog, and man. PMID- 38083 TI - Characterization of mephenytoin metabolites in human urine by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. AB - Metabolites of mephenytoin (5-ethyl-3-methyl-5-phenylhydantoin) were characterized in human urine following chromatography on XAD-2 resin, permethylation, and combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Four glucuronide metabolites previously unidentified in man were characterized as their permethylated derivatives by chemical-ionization and electron-impact mass spectrometry. These metabolites included 5-ethyl-5-(hydroxyphenyl)-3 methylhydantoin O-glucuronide; 5-hydroxyethyl-3-methyl-5-phenyl-hydantoin O glucuronide; 5-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethoxyphenyl)-3-methylhydantoin O-glucuronide; and a metabolite tentatively identified as 5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin N3 glucuronide in which both N-demethylation and glucuronide conjugation of the hydantoin ring have occurred. Mephenytoin, N-demethylmephenytoin, 5-ethyl-5 (hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylhydantoin, and 5-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethoxyphenyl)-3 methylhydantoin were characterized in extracts of enzymatically hydrolyzed urine. PMID- 38084 TI - The metabolism of DL-[14C]verapamil in man. AB - The metabolism of DL-verapamil in man was studied after oral administration of an aqueous solution of DL-[14C]verapamil. Between 67 and 71% of the 14C administered was excreted in the urine within 5 days. Verapamil was extensively metabolized; only 3--4% of the dose was excreted in the urine as unchanged drug. Cleavage of the C--N--C bond by N-'dealkylation, preferentially at the C-atom belonging to the shorter side chain, was the main metabolic step. Verapamil and its N dealkylated metabolites were further metabolized by O-demethylation. Inasmuch as approximately 10 times more of the metabolites formed from the tertiary amine verapamil are secondary amines than are primary amines, it would seem that N dealkylation of this tertiary amine proceeds at a much higher rate than the N dealkylation of the secondary amine metabolites to primary amine metabolites. PMID- 38085 TI - The disposition of l-3-[(dimethylamino)-(m-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]pyridine in man. AB - l-3-[(Dimethylamino)-(m-dioxan-5-yl)methyl]pyridine hydrochloride (LY 108380) is being evaluated in man as a potentially useful, nonaddicting analgesic agent. This substituted dioxane is structurally different from any currently known analgesic. Following im administration of the 14C-labeled compound to healthy volunteers, the drug was absorbed rapidly (t1/2(abs) = 2--20 min). Pharmacokinetic analyses suggested that LY 108380 was widely distributed and extensively bound in tissues. The drug was not bound to plasma proteins in vitro or in vivo. In the blood, radioactivity was distributed in both red cells and plasma; a cell/plasma radioactivity ratio of 0.5 was maintained for about 1 hr. The t1/2 for elimination of LY 108380-14C from plasma was about 1.3 hr, although radioactivity persisted in plasma for over 100 hr. At the time of peak radioactivity, the parent compound was the major constituent in plasma; quaternary N-glucuronide and N-desmethylated metabolites were also detected in plasma. Levels of radioactivity in saliva were 2--5 times higher than those in plasma shortly after drug administration. About 82% of the radioactivity was eliminated in the urine, 6% in expired air (as 14CO2), and 1% in feces. The major metabolite of LY 108380 (55% of the dose) was a quaternary amine formed by glucuronidation at the pyridine nitrogen. Less than 10% of the dose was N demethylated to secondary and primary amines, and about 2% was excreted unchanged. PMID- 38086 TI - Chemical synthesis and biological occurrence of carboxylic acid metabolites of delta1(6)-tetrahydrocannabinol. AB - Potential metabolites of (-)-3,4-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) with a carboxylic acid function in the side chain were synthesized as their methyl esters in the delta1(6)-series. The chromatographic and mass-spectrometric properties of the five side-chain homologues were examined and utilized to facilitate the isolation and the identification of the corresponding monocarboxylic acid metabolites of delta1(6)-THC in the mouse, guinea pig, and rabbit formed after ip administration. The metabolites were identified by gas chromatography and mass fragmentography. In mouse liver delta1(6)-THC-7-oic acid and 3'',4'',5''-trisnor delta1(6)-THC-2''-oic acid were identified as metabolites. In guinea pig liver these acids occurred together with 4'',5'' bisnor-delta1(6)-THC-3''-oic acid and 5''-nor-delta1(6)-THC-4''-oic acid. Rabbit liver contained delta1(6)-THC-7-oic acid, 2'',3'',4'',5''-tetranor-delta1(6)-THC 1''-oic acid and 4'',5''-bisnor-delta1(6)-THC-3''-oic acid. Further, the structure of three dicarboxylic acid metabolites of delta1(6)-THC in rabbit kidney were determined by mass spectrometry and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PMID- 38087 TI - Isolation and identification of urinary metabolites of oxycodone in rabbits. AB - Metabolism of oxycodone was studied in the rabbit and found to proceed through five metabolic pathways: O-demethylation, N-demethylation, N-oxidation, 6-keto reduction, and glucuronidation. Six urinary metabolites were isolated and identified in the unconjugated form: 14-hydroxydihydromorphinone, 14 hydroxydihydrocodeine, 14-hydroxydihydrocodeinone N-oxide (oxycodone N-oxide), 14 hydroxydihydroisocodeine, 14-hydroxydihydrocodeine N-oxide, and noroxycodone, together with unchanged oxycodone. Identification was made by means of various chromatographic and spectral comparisons with authentic samples. Oxycodone, 14 hydroxydihydromorphinone, 14-hydroxydihydrocodeine, 14-hydroxydihydroisocodeine, and noroxycodone were also identified as aglycons of conjugated metabolites. PMID- 38088 TI - Formation of two metyrapone N-oxides by rat liver microsomes. AB - In the presence of phenobarbital-pretreated rat liver microsomes and under oxidative conditions, metyrapone is transformed in vitro into reduced metyrapone and two other metabolites. In an effort to further characterize those metabolites, large-scale incubations of metyrapone were performed. Untransformed substrate and metabolites were extracted into chloroform under alkaline conditions and separated by thin-layer chromatography. The nature of the metabolites as N-oxides located on either pyridine ring was established by physical methodologies, mainly electron-impact and chemical-ionization mass spectrometry, and also by chemical reactions with titanous chloride. The formation of both N-oxides was increased in microsomes from phenobarbital-, but not from 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated animals. N-Oxide formation during metyrapone metabolism might be an important step in its inhibitory action on the cytochrome P-450-mediated drug metabolism. PMID- 38089 TI - Metabolic reduction of 1-nitrosoadamantane by rabbit liver microsomes. Properties of a C-nitroso reductase system. AB - Washed microsomes from rabbit liver reduced 1-nitrosoadamantane to N-hydroxy-1 aminoadamantane in the presence of a cofactor solution under aerobic conditions; no further reduction of the hydroxylamino metabolite to 1-aminoadamantane (amantadine) occurred. Reduced pyridine nucleotide cofactors are needed for the metabolic reduction. The rate of formation of N-hydroxy-1-aminoadamantane depended upon the microsomal protein content, the time of incubation and the concentration of 1-nitrosoadamantane incubated. The metabolic reduction occurred in air as well as under nitrogen or carbon monoxide. Cupric chloride, mercuric chloride, cysteamine, FAD, and FMN decreased significantly the C-nitroso reductase. The properties of the C-nitroso reductase differed from those of other microsomal reductive pathways. PMID- 38090 TI - Enhancement of reductive metabolism of p-nitrobenzoate and nitrazepam in isolated perfused rat liver by ethanol. AB - Reductive metabolism of p-nitrobenzoate (2 mM) was studied in the isolated perfused rat liver, after acute ethanol dosing, with use of a hemoglobin-free perfusion medium. Formation of reduced metabolites under control conditions (0.3 mumol per g of liver per hr) was enhanced fivefold (1.4 mumol/g/hr) in the presence of ethanol (38 mM), thus reaching hepatic reductase activities occurring under anaerobic conditions (1.4 mumol/g/hr). Ethanol failed to increase hepatic nitro reduction when alcohol dehydrogenase was inhibited by pyrazole. Addition of acetaldehyde led to a marked stimulation of nitroreductase activity. Carbon monoxide did not influence the ethanol-mediated enhancement of nitroreductase activity but almost abolished the enhancement caused by anoxia. Reductive azo cleavage of salazosulfamide was not enhanced by ethanol. When nitrazepam was used as the substrate (1 mM) for the isolated perfused rat liver, addition of ethanol (38 mM) led to an enhanced content of 7-amino derivative in the liver and in the perfusate, whereas the formation of 7-acetylamino derivative remained unchanged. The distribution of nitrazepam in liver and perfusate was not altered by ethanol. PMID- 38091 TI - The effect of ammonium sulfate on the metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine and other xenobiotics by rat hepatic microsomes. AB - The addition of 125--1000 mM (NH4)2SO4 to rat hepatic washed microsomal preparations was found to stimulate markedly the rate of in vitro metabolism of the hepatocarcinogen dimethylnitrosamine. Solute treatment also stimulated the activities of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, NADPH oxidase, the N-oxidation of N,N dimethylaniline, and the fluorescent interaction of 8-anilino-1 naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) with hepatic microsomes. (NH4)2SO4 had a varied effect on the activities of a number of mixed-function oxidase (MFO) enzyme activities. Whereas the activities of aniline 4-hydroxylase and 4-nitrobenzoic acid nitroreductase were enhanced at all solute concentrations, several other MFO enzyme activities were either progressively inhibited or stimulated at low and inhibited at high (NH4)2SO4 concentrations. Solute treatment had no effect on microsomal cytochrome P-450 content but inhibited the activities of glucose 6 phosphatase and UDP-glucuronyltransferase. All of the observed changes in enzyme activities and ANS-microsome fluorescence interaction were found to be reversible when the solute was removed by centrifugation. These findings suggest that (NH4)2SO4 and certain other solutes can reversibly modify the conformation of microsomal membranes in such a manner as to affect microsomal enzyme activities. PMID- 38092 TI - Multiple forms of ethoxyresorufin O-de-ethylase and benzphetamine N-demethylase in solubilized and partially resolved rat liver cytochromes P-450. PMID- 38093 TI - N-acetylation of drugs: search for INH acetylation polymorphism in baboons. PMID- 38094 TI - Long-acting injectable antipsychotic agents. PMID- 38095 TI - [Therapy of hay fever ("pollinosis")]. PMID- 38097 TI - Pancreatitis: the use of pancreatic supplements. PMID- 38098 TI - Potential vectors and non-vectors of bancroftian filariasis in East Africa. PMID- 38096 TI - Atenolol: a review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in angina pectoris and hypertension. AB - Atenolol is a beta-selective (cardioselective) adrenoceptor blocking drug without partial agonist or membrane stabilising activity. Its profile of action most closely resembles that of metoprolol which differs only in that it has some membrane stabilising activity. Atenolol has been well studied and is effective in the treatment of hypertension and in the prophylactic management of angina. Its narrow dose response range obviates the need for highly individualised dose titration. In patients with angina its long duration of beta-blocking activity allows once daily dosage, whereas other beta-blockers, unless in sustained release dosage forms, need to be given in divided doses. Other beta-blockers can be given once daily in hypertension, but at presnt the evidence for effective control with a once daily regimen is more convincing with atenolol. Further studies are need to clarify any important differences in blood pressure control between the various beta-blocking drugs, both in conventional or sustained release dosage forms. As with metoprolol, atenolol is preferable to non-selective beta-blockers in patients with asthma or diabetes mellitus. Atenolol has been well tolerated in most patients, its profile of adverse reactions generally resembling that of other beta-blocking drugs, although its low lipid solubility and limited penetration into the brain results in a lower incidence of central nervous system effects than seen with propranolol. Atenolol is eliminated virtually entirely as unchanged drug in the urine and dosage needs to be reduced in patients with moderate to severely impaired renal function (glomerular filtration rate less than 30 ml/min). There is no need for modification of dosage of atenolol in liver disease. PMID- 38099 TI - [Pharmacological activity of N-basic substituted derivatives of 1,3 dimethylxanthine]. AB - The authors carried out studies on cats, guinea pigs, rats and mice, using isolated smooth muscle organs (bronchi, ileum of guinea pig), and examined bronchodilatating, diuretic, antihistaminic action and acute toxiticy of three N basic substituted derivatives of 1,3-dimethiylxanthine (theophyline) namely: 7 bis-(2-hydroximethyl)-amino-ethyl theophyline under the form of a base (compound G111, tartarate (G112) and nicotinate (G113). The studies were performed in comparison with theophyline. It was found that the substance G113 had a considerable bronchodilatating effect, surpassing in strength and velocity that of theophyline. The examined substances had antihistaminic effect of G113 as the antihistaminic effect of G113 surpassed that of theophyline under experimental conditions in vivo. It was established that all three compounds manifested diuretic activity close to that of theophyline. The derivatives of theophyline, examined by us, had considerably lower toxicity (7,17, resp. 8 times) than that of theophyline. On the basis of the experimental results and some advantages of the examined compounds (good solubility, low toxicity) perspectives are seen for their eventual clinical trial as bronchodilatating and diuretic drugs. PMID- 38100 TI - [Proceedings of the Meeting on the concept of inhibition in psychiatry. Monastir, October 13-14, 1978]. PMID- 38101 TI - [The concept of inhibition in psychiatry. Welcoming address]. PMID- 38102 TI - [Inhibition in neurophysiology]. AB - In Neurophysiology, inhibition is the effect of one neuron upon another tending to prevent it from initiating impulses. At cellular level, there are 3 modes of inhibition: postsynaptic inhibition, presynaptic inhibition and electrical inhibition. The formers are mediated by chemical transmitter. Examples of functional inhibition are presented. They explain its role in the coordination of movement and posture, in the integration of the sensation and in the behaviour. PMID- 38103 TI - [Models of inhibition in animal behavior]. AB - The concept of inhibition in psychopharmacology is discussed by presenting different models of behavioral inhibition in animals. The inhibitions induced by fear or anxiety appear as a result of punishment introduction into an unknown situation, frustration... These inhibitions are particularly sensitive to minor tranquilizers. The inhibitions induced by "fatigue" appear when avoidance situations continue for 24 hours or when a situation demands a marked increase of animal activity to obtain the same reward (food). These inhibitions are particularly sensitive to psychoanaleptics. The inhibition induced by placing a animal in an inescapable situation is particularly sensitive to antidepressants. PMID- 38104 TI - [Inhibition and psychotropic agents. Therapeutic disinhibitory agents]. AB - The concept of disinhibitory agent is heterogeneous. If the disinhibitory property refers to inhibition in its clinical meaning, all psychotropic drugs can answer the denomination of disinhibitory agent when they are prescribed in some pathological entities. Traditionally this denomination refers to a few major tranquillizers, the antipsychotic action of which is linked to the improvement of the affective indifference and of the decrease of the psychomotor activity. However the pharmacokinetic data reveal that some potent sedative neuroleptics can become disinhibitors at high doses and some disinhibitory agents can become sedative substances at higher doses. PMID- 38105 TI - [Neuroleptic disinhibitory agents]. AB - The concept of "disinhibition" appeared in 1956 (Broussolle and Dubor) with a study of the activity of prochlorpemazine in chronic schizophrenia. Each chemical group of neuroleptics includes at least one or two disinhibitory compounds. This activity intervenes upon the affective and intellectual life without necessarily the usual extra-pyramidal akathisia side-effects. Psycho- and sociotherapy are strongly adviced with disinhibitory effect. PMID- 38106 TI - [Anxiolytic drugs and inhibition]. AB - The term "desinhibition" has a different meaning for the psychopharmacologist and for the psychiatrist. The action of anti anxiety agents on animal behavior is described with a special interest for the passive and active avoidance tests. The mode of action and the site of action of benzodiazepines is discussed, focussed on the existence of an endogeneous ligand displacing the binding of diazepam. The differences between low and high doses of anti-anxiety agents are stressed in patients and normal volunteers, and the treatment of inhibition by benzodiazepines is also discussed. PMID- 38107 TI - Satellite symposium on aging and metabolic bone disease. XI International Congress of Gerontology. August 27, 1978. Kyoto Kaikan, Kyoto. PMID- 38108 TI - [Mexican Public Health Association. 1st Regional Nursing Reunion. Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas 1978. Basis for standards in nursing education]. PMID- 38109 TI - Transport Ergonomics. Conference organized by the Ergonomics Society at Birmingham, 14-15 February 1978 [proceedings]. PMID- 38110 TI - Thermal responsiveness of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase and acetyl-coenzyme-A carboxylase in neoplastic guinea pig lymphocytes (L2C). PMID- 38111 TI - Conformational changes in bovine-liver glutamate dehydrogenase: a spin-label study. AB - A spin-labelled analogue of p-chloromercuribenzoate reacts specifically with glutamate dehydrogenase. The most marked change in the properties of the spin labelled enzyme is a fivefold decrease in the rate of reduction of the coenzyme by L-glutamate and no change in the rate of oxidation by 2-oxoglutarate. The electron spin resonance spectrum is a sensitive probe for the conformational state of the enzyme. Spin-labelled glutamate dehydrogenase in the presence of saturating concentrations of NADPH and 2-oxoglutarate or L-glutamate shows a complete conformational change while in the presence of NADP+ and 2-oxoglutarate only half of the protomers have changed conformation. The conformational change upon addition of NADPH to the spin-labelled glutamate dehydrogenase in the presence of 2-oxoglutarate happens in a concerted way between 20 and 80% saturation with NADPH. One of the conformations is favoured by the activator ADP while the other is favoured by the inhibitor GTP. PMID- 38112 TI - Magnetic-resonance studies of the geometry of bound substrate, coenzyme and activator on bovine-liver glutamate dehydrogenase. AB - ADP and ATP with a spin-label linked to the terminal phosphate are activators of glutamate dehydrogenase and bind to the same site as the activator ADP. There is hardly any interaction with the coenzyme site. Glutamate dehydrogenase can be modified with a ketone spin-label at a site in the active centre[Andree and Zantema, (1978) Biochemistry, 17, 778--783]. The spin-labelled activators interact with ketone spin-labelled glutamate dehydrogenase in the same way as with native glutamate dehydrogenase relative to the activator site, but show a stronger binding to the coenzyme site. Upon binding to the coenzyme site a spin spin interaction between the ketone spin-label and the spin-labelled activators is observed. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the linewidth of 2 oxoglutarate and NADP+ bound to their functional sites on glutamate dehydrogenase without and with spin-labels result in distances between the ligand nuclei and the spin-labels. The results show that NADP+ binds in an open conformation consistent with the conformation in other dehydrogenases. The activator ADP binds in the neighbourhood of the active centre, but with very little or no overlap with the coenzyme site. PMID- 38113 TI - Amino acid sequence studies of horseradish peroxidase. Amino and carboxyl termini, cyanogen bromide and tryptic fragments, the complete sequence, and some structural characteristics of horseradish peroxidase C. AB - Horseradish peroxidase C dominates quantitatively among the isoperoxidases of horseradish root and has an isoelectric point close to 9. It consists of a hemin prosthetic group, 2 Ca2+ and 308 amino acid residues, including 4 disulfide bridges, in a single polypeptide chain that carries 8 neutral carbohydrate side chains. The molecular weight of the polypeptide chain is 33890. Assuming an average carbohydrate composition of (GlcNAc)2, Man3, Fuc, Xyl for each carbohydrate chain, the molecular weight of native horseradish peroxidase C is close to 44 000. Cyanogen bromide fragments of reduced and carboxymethylated apo peroxidase were purified by a combination of gel filtration and isoelectric focusing in urea, and cystine-containing tryptic fragments of apo-peroxidase were purified by gel filtration followed by disulfide cleavage and rechromatography at the initial conditions. The present paper discusses (a) isoelectric points and charge distribution within the native protein, the apoprotein and the cyanogen bromide fragments, (b) a buried pyrrolidonecarboxylyl amino terminus, (c) heterogeneity at the carboxyl terminus, and (d) a possible domain structure, likely from partial tryptic digestion. PMID- 38114 TI - Artifacts imitating aging of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in human erythrocytes. AB - Data in the literature based on the technique of graded osomotic hemolysis have been re-evaluated. Differences were previously found in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/hemoglobin ratio and in the heat stability of the enzyme in hemolysates of 'old' and 'young' cells. These differences were believed to be due to the aging of the enzyme. As the erythrocyte membrane acts as a molecular sieve under hypotonic conditions [cf. Cseke, E., Varadi, A., Szabolcsi, G., and Biszku, E. (1978) FEBS Lett. 96, 15--18], the hemolysate obtained when a fraction is lysed does not properly represent the content of the lysed cells. As hemoglobin is lost from cells which are not yet lysed, the enzyme/hemoglobin ratio is underestimated in 'old' cells and overestimated in 'young' cells. It is further shown that the observed differences in the heat stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the fractions obtained by graded hemolysis are due to the presence of different concentrations of endogeneous NADP. Therefore the published data obtained by graded osmotic hemolysis do not prove the assumption that the enzyme is aging during the lifetime of the erythrocyte. PMID- 38115 TI - Interaction of ADP with skeletal and cardiac myosin and their active fragments observed by proton release. AB - The technique of proton release measurement has been used to explore the binding of ADP to skeletal and cardiac myosins and their active fragments in a variety of conditions. It has proved possible to obtain binding profiles on intact myosin in the filamentous, undissolved form in physiological solvent conditions. Binding constants are given. At higher ionic strength (0.5 M potassium chloride) the binding profile of magnesium-ADP. is compatible with the presence of two types of site, differing from one another both in respect of affinity and the number of protons released per site. Studies with cardiac myosin reveal no such indications of heterogeneity, and are consistent with the presence of a single population of thermodynamically indistinguishable sites. In the absence of divalent cations, in solutions containing potassium ions and EDTA, ADP binds with absorption rather than liberation of protons. The pH profile of proton absorption at saturation can be fitted in terms of an ionising group with an unperturbed pK of 9.4, and at least one of lower pK(5.9). The dissociation constant (pH8 at 5 degrees C) is about 8 microM, and the affinity for uncomplexed ADP is thus only slightly weaker than that for magnesium-ADP PMID- 38116 TI - Binding of coenzyme and substrate and coenzyme analogues to 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from sheep liver. An X-ray study at 0.6 nm resolution. AB - The analogues of the coenzyme NADP+, nicotinamide--8-bromo-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (Nbr8ADP+) and 3-iodopyridine--adenine dinucleotide phosphate (io3PdADP+), were prepared. Nbr8ADP+ was found to be active in the hydrogen transfer adn io3PdADP+ is a coenzyme competitive inhibitor for 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. The binding of NADP+, NADPH and NADPH together with 6 phosphogluconate as well as that of both analogues to crystals of the enzyme 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase has been investigated at 0.6-nm resolution using difference electron density maps. The molecules bind in a similar position in a cleft in the enzyme subunit distant from the dimer interface. The orientation of the coenzyme in the site has been determined from the io3PdADP+ -NADP+ difference density. The ternary complex difference density extends beyond that of the nicotinamide moiety of the coenzyme and tentatively indicates substrate binding. No clear identification of the bromine atom of Nbr8ADP+ can be made. However, the analogue is bound more deeply in the cleft than is NADP+. The NADPH density is the most clearly defined and has thus been used to fit a molecular model using an interactive graphics system, checking for preferred geometry. A possible conformation is presented which is significantly different from that of NAD+ in the lactate dehydrogenase ternary complex. PMID- 38117 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of glucose-induced insulin release. Metabolic events in islets stimulated by non-metabolizable secretagogues. PMID- 38118 TI - Kinetic analysis of the reaction catalyzed by rat-liver 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A reductase using two specific inhibitors. PMID- 38119 TI - Cryoenzymological studies on myosin subfragment 1. Solvent, temperature and pH effects on the overall reaction. PMID- 38120 TI - Effects of DMSO, pH, stretch and calcium on the thick filaments in an amphibian smooth muscle. AB - Conventional fixation with glutaraldehyde fixatives at pH 7.4 did not preserve/promote thick filaments in Bufo smooth muscle. However, if pH was lowered to 6.0, thick filaments were present and addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) led to a greater number of thick filaments. Stretch alone had little effect on the presence of thiber seen. Calcium had little effect on the numbers of thick filaments, but it affected the appearance of the thick filaments. Low calcium (10(-7) M) caused a higher proportion of rod-shaped filaments, while in high calcium (10(-3) M) most thick filaments were ribbons. The great lability of the thick filaments in amphibian smooth muscles makes them ideal for studying factors which affect the appearance of thick filaments in smooth muscle, but it also raises the question of the degree of aggregation of myosin in the living cell. PMID- 38121 TI - Studies on the absorption, distribution and elimination of 6-o-chlorophenyl-2,4 dihydro-2(N-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-methylene-8-nitro-1H-imidazo[1,2-a] [1,4]benzodiazepin-1-one methanesulphonate in the male rat and rabbit. AB - The fate of a novel imidazo-benzodiazepine (I) was studied in male rats and rabbits using 14C and 3H-labelled I. In both species the compound was rapidly and widely absorbed after an oral dose of 5 mg/kg to give peak tissue and plasma levels after 1 hour in the rat and 4 hours in the rabbit. The highest concentrations of radioactivity were present in the liver (rat) and liver, kidney and subcutaneous fat (rabbit). Plasma levels of radioactivity fell to 3% of the maximum value in 24 hours in the rat but 48 hours were required for a similar fall in the rabbit. The main route of elimination of radioactivity was via the bile followed by excretion in the faeces. For the rat the rate of biliary elimination was 16.6% of the administered dose/hour; for the rabbit this rate was 5.6%/hour. Recovery of administered radioactivity during 0-24 hours for urine and faeces respectively was 4.8% and 69% for the rat and 23.2% and 10.9% for the rabbit. Up to 97% of the radioactivity administered to rats could be recovered in the excreta in the 7 days following dosing. Up to 90% of the dose administered to rabbits appeared in the excreta during 10 days. No unchanged (I) could be detected in the urine or bile. The radioactive metabolites were polar products, some of which were in the form of glucuronide conjugates. PMID- 38122 TI - Metabolites of 3-hydrazino-6-[bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]pyridazine dihydrochloride in rat urine. AB - In 24 hr urine of rats orally given 150 mg/kg of 3-hydrazino-6-[bis-(2 hydroxyethyl)amino]pyridazine dihydrochloride (DL 150), no unchanged compound was detected. Three metabolites, less polar than DL 150, were isolated, their structures assigned by UV, MS, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, and confirmed by synthesis. They are: 3-[bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-6-isopropoxypyridazine (1); 3 [bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]pyridazine (2); 3-methyl-6-[bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino] s-triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine (3). The metabolism of DL 150 in the rat follows some of the metabolic pathways reported for hydralazine. PMID- 38124 TI - Barcelona, Spain, May 6-9, 1979. 14th Congress of the European Society for Surgical Rsearch: abstracts. PMID- 38123 TI - Alterations in regional cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism produced by focal cerebral ischemia. AB - Since diffuse changes in blood flow and metabolism occur in the brain following a focal ischemic insult, changes of cerebral blood flow on the side opposite a cerebral infarction were observed. We have examined the course of the cerebral hemodynamic changes occurring in 15 patients with unilateral acute strokes. In 12 of these patients, significant blood flow changes (over 15%) occurred in the nonischemic hemisphere during the period of observation. A similar time course of change was found in the ischemic hemisphere and the flow changes in the two hemispheres appeared parallel to one another (diaschisis). Thus we have demonstrated a significant reduction in flow in the contralateral cortex following a unilateral ischemic insult. This reduction in flow was of the order of 38% from the control value which agrees quite well with the reduction in cortical glucose consumption of the order of 31%. We postulate that these changes are the hemodynamic and metabolic concomitants of diaschisis and may in part be due to a transneuronal depression of function. PMID- 38125 TI - Precordial mapping of ST-segment elevation and Q waves following anterior myocardial infarction. The effects of established beta-blocking drugs. AB - The electrocardiographic (ECG) signs of ST-segment elevation and the development of Q was using 72-lead precordial surface mapping, and the release of creatine kinase (CK) activity has been studied in 47 patients with uncomplicated anterior myocardial infarction. These findings were compared with a further nine patients who had acute myocardial infarction but were receiving long-term beta-blocking drugs. It was found that ST-segment elevation and Q waves had rapidly changing and different natural histories and that beta-blocking drugs altered the natural history of ST-segment changes but had no effect on the pattern and time course for the loss of electrically active myocardium. There was a close relationship between the precordial area of ST-segment elevation at 2--3 h and the final development of Q waves in the patients with uncomplicated anterior myocardial infarction. No similar relationship could be found in those on beta-blocking drugs. The pattern of changes in plasma CK and its MB isoenzymes activity were similar for both groups. The relationship between early ST-segment elevation and the final area of Q waves may prove useful in clinical practice. This may not apply where beta-blocking drugs are commenced before the initial recording of ST segment elevation. PMID- 38126 TI - Calcium overload and mechanical function in posthypoxic myocardium: biphasic effect of pH during hypoxia. AB - Mechanical function and calcium accumulation in the myocardium during and after hypoxia were examined in the isolated but arterially perfused interventricular rabbit septum. The pH of the perfusate during hypoxia was varied from 7.4 to 6.6 by increase of the pCO2. All septa were reoxygenated for 30 min at pH 7.4. In the posthypoxic period the recovery of developed tension was greatest and the magnitude of contracture least in those septa perfused at pH 6.8 during hypoxia; calcium overload did not occur. By contrast, marked calcium overload (3.5 mumol/g wet wt) occurred in septa perfused at pH 7.4 during hypoxia. Reduction of pH to 6.6 during hypoxia did not result in a greater degree of recovery of developed tension or complete reversal of contracture in the posthypoxic period, and marked calcium overload was not prevented. These results indicate that: (1) partial recovery of mechanical function in the posthypoxic period can occur concurrent with a net gain of calcium; (2) the beneficial effects on recovery in the posthypoxic period in septa perfused at pH 6.8 during hypoxia may be in part released to prevention of calcium overload; (3) the beneficial effects of acidosis are lost when the perfusate pH is reduced to 6.6 during hypoxia. PMID- 38127 TI - Adrenergic- and cyclic nucleotide-induced glycerol release from brown adipocytes. AB - Previous work has shown that although both alpha- and beta-agonists stimulate brown fat heat production, the beta agonist is quantitatively more effective. The finding in the present study that isoproterenol, a beta-agonist, significantly stimulates net glycerol release from isolated hamster brown adipocytes while the alpha-agonist, phenylephrine does not, may account (at least in part) for the differential thermogenic response to the two types of agents. The present study also compared lipolytic responses to AMP, cAMP, cGMP and theophylline, with the results indicating a greater rate of net glycerol release being induced by AMP and by cAMP than by theophylline or cGMP plus theophylline. PMID- 38128 TI - Effects of alternative transmitter amines on cyclic AMP formation in rat brain tissue. AB - Aromatic amines and related compounds, some of which are taken up and released from nerve terminals, might act at brain receptors ordinarily stimulated by traditional amine neurotransmitters. Several of these compounds were evaluated for their ability to stimulate or impede synthesis of cyclic AMP in rat striatal homogenates and cortical slices. In contrast to catecholamines, most had no effect, consistent with their possible role as false transmitters. PMID- 38129 TI - Dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rat nucleus accumbens: structure-activity studies and effects of agonists and antagonists. AB - A study has been made of the structural requirements for activity on the dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase present in homogenates of rat nucleus accumbens. The only active phenylethylamine derivatives tested were those containing hydroxy groups at the 3 and 4 positions on the benzene ring, a two carbon side chain and a terminal nitrogen, either unsubstituted or containing a single methyl group. The alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists, phenylephrine and isoprenaline respectively, were both inactive. Norsalsolinol was a weak agonist producing only a 50% stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity. The typical neuroleptic drugs, fluphenazine and cis-flupenthixol were both potent antagonists of the dopamine response as opposed to the atypical neuroleptics, metoclopramide and sulpiride, and the alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking agents, phentolamine and propranolol respectively, which were all inactive. Our results indicate that the dopamine receptors associated with adenylate cyclase in the nucleus accumbens are similar to those in the corpus striatum. PMID- 38130 TI - The mode of action of phenobarbital on the excitable membrane of the node of Ranvier. AB - Single myelinated nerve fibres of Rana esculenta were investigated under current and potential clamp conditions at 20 degrees C. Under 2.5 mM phenobarbital, the amplitude of the action potential was reversibly reduced to 85.5 +/- 5% (n = 6), and the threshold potential was raised by 32% of the control in Ringer solution. The resting potential remained constant. Solutions with 2.5 mM phenobarbital caused a decrease of the Na current to 38.3 +/- 5.6% (n = 10), when the fibre had its holding potential before the test step. The effect was reversible at wash out of the drug. The Na currents were only negligibly decreased (7 +/- 4.5%; n = 10) when the test pulse was preceded by a long lasting negative polarization to Em = 140 mV. The effect of the conditioning polarization could be described by two time constants, tau 1 = 7.1 +/- 2.0 msec and tau 2 = 44.5 +/- 9.5 msec (n = 5). Experiments with 500 msec conditioning pulses showed that the Na inactivation curve, h infinity(Em), was shifted in a negative direction along the potential axis. In the range between 0.5 and 5.0 mM phenobarbital there was a shift of 8 mV for an e-fold change in drug concentration. 15 mM Ca2+ caused a shift to the h infinity(Em) curve in a positive direction along the potential axis, while simultaneous application of 2.5 mM phenobarbital and 15 mM Ca2+ caused no shift of the h afinity(Em) curve. The undissociated drug seemed to be responsible for the effects (pK = 7.3). PMID- 38131 TI - Action of putative neurotransmitters in the guinea pig cochlea. AB - Scala tympani of the guinea pig was perfused with artificial perilymph containing putative transmitter substances. Single auditory nerve fibre activity was recorded during these perfusions and the responses of these fibres were studied using computer-controlled routine. Acetylcholine significantly inhibited tone induced responses of a large proportion of the fibres tested. Glutamate appeared to be a potent depolarising agent when applied in concentrations between 2 and 10 mM. Noradrenaline did not affect tone-induced activity, but inhibited the spontaneous activity of some fibres. The results support the view that acetylcholine is the transmitter at synapses of the olivocochlear bundle, and that glutamate may be involved in the afferent synapse. The data do not support the hypothesis that noradrenaline is the afferent transmitter. PMID- 38132 TI - Central neurotransmitter systems in the morphine suppression of jaw-opening reflex in rabbits: the dopaminergic system. PMID- 38133 TI - Solubilization of unconjugated bilirubin by bile salts. AB - Freshly precipitated unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) is solubilized rapidly and to a large extent by the sodium salts of di- and trihydroxy bile acids. The solubilization effect depending on bile salt concentration, pH and ionic strength is based on micellar mechanisms. PMID- 38134 TI - Protein methylase from calf liver nuclei: enzyme characterization and stimulation by serum albumins. AB - A protein methylase from calf-lifer nuclei was partially purified by sonication of the nuclear pellet at high ionic strength, chromatin removal and ammonium sulphate fractionation of the solubilized activity. PMID- 38135 TI - Neurotransmitter synthesis in Limulus ventral nerve photoreceptors. AB - Radiochemical precursor compounds for neurotransmitters were incubated with Limulus ventral nerve photoreceptor preparations. Octopamine was preferentially synthesized by a photoreceptor rich fraction of the nerve, acetylcholine was made by a photoreceptor poor fraction, and gamma-aminobutyric acid was made about equally well in both fractions. The possibility that the ventral nerve photoreceptor cells serve a neurosecretory function in the adult Limulus is discussed. PMID- 38136 TI - pH and calcium concentration changes in a molluscan egg during development. AB - During development, the egg albumen of calcified land snail eggs becomes more and more acid, correlated directly with a constant rise in the calcium concentration of this albumen. It is suggested that the developing embryo releases some acid metabolite and the subsequent change in albumen pH aids in embryonic absorption of the CaCO3 (calcite) egg shell, used for making the embryonic body shell or skeleton (CaCO3 in the form of aragonite). PMID- 38137 TI - Direct evidence for pH-dependent Fc receptors on proximal enterocytes of suckling rat gut. AB - By means of an erythrocyte-antibody rosette technique, Fc receptors, functional at pH 6.0 but not at 7.2, were shown to be present on enterocytes isolated from duodenum and jejunum (but absent from ileum) of 12-20-day-old suckling rats. PMID- 38138 TI - A study on the electrokinetic properties of some chemotherapeutic drug suspensions. PMID- 38139 TI - Transport by proteins. A report of a symposium held at the University of Konstanz, West Germany, July 9-15, 1978. PMID- 38140 TI - Myofibrillar protein patterns of single fibres from human muscle. PMID- 38141 TI - Oxidative decarboxylation of vanillic acid by Sporotrichum pulverulentum. PMID- 38142 TI - The role of 3-oxo acid-CoA transferase in the regulation of ketogenesis in the liver. PMID- 38143 TI - The effect of intrathylakoid pH* on the rate of chloroplast electron transport reactions at subzero temperatures. PMID- 38144 TI - Acidic proteins from wheat germ ribosomes. PMID- 38145 TI - Dephosphorylation and activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase from lactating rabbit mammary gland. PMID- 38146 TI - A new non-photoreducible protochlorophyll(ide-)-protein: P-649--642 from cucumber cotyledons: NADPH mediation of its transformation to photoreducible P-657--650. PMID- 38147 TI - Human cervical mucus. V. Oral contraceptives and mucus rheologic properties. AB - Mucus viscoelasticity on individual samples obtained from patients using combination oral contraceptives was quantitated by microrheometry. These results, in conjunction with mucus chemical characterization, indicate that combination oral contraceptive use eliminates the cyclic variations in mucus chemical, physicochemical, and rheologic properties associated with the ovulatory menstrual cycle. A correlation was demonstrated between the mucus elastic modulus and mucus nondialyzable dry weight, and the mucins produced during oral contraceptive therapy were shown to be similar to those recovered from ovulatory donors. Differences in mucus properties were noted when donors using estrogenic contraceptives were contrasted with those using androgenic contraceptives. On the basis of established relationships between sperm penetrability and mucus solids content, it was concluded that the use of contraceptives, as examined in this study, provided a secondary degree of fertility control at the cervical level. PMID- 38148 TI - Scientific papers to be presented at the Annual Meeting of the Canadian Fertility and Andrology Societies September 13 to 15, 1979 Val-David, Quebec. PMID- 38149 TI - [Use of the technic of autohemoperfusion through activated charcoal to investigate neurohumoral regulation of regional vascular resistance in the hindlimbs]. PMID- 38150 TI - Effect of pH and fluoride concentration on enamel solubility reduction by APF solutions. PMID- 38151 TI - Simplified soldering of cast gold contacts. PMID- 38152 TI - Familial aquagenic urticaria. PMID- 38153 TI - Glutamine synthetase: biophysical studies of structure-function-control relationships. PMID- 38154 TI - Kinetics of acetyl-CoA synthetase-II. Products inhibition studies. PMID- 38155 TI - Effects of medium pH on gluconeogenesis from dihydroxyacetone. PMID- 38156 TI - Initial development of the noradrenergic phenotype in autonomic neuroblasts of the rat embryo in vivo. PMID- 38157 TI - On stability of oral poliovirus vaccines. AB - A stabilizer which prevents oral poliovirus from degradation is described. It contains mainly phosphate buffer 0.3 mol, at a pH of 6.7. PMID- 38158 TI - Report of IABS committee on avian product standardization. AB - The International Association of Biological Standardization (IABS) organized an international symposium in August 1973 on the "Requirements for Poultry Virus Vaccines" at Lyon (France). The Proceedings of this symposium were subsequently published as "Developments in Biological Standardization", volume 25. At the conclusion of this symposium, it was resolved that an Avian Biological Products Standardization Committee should be established, this committee including four subcommittees, each under the direction of a chairman who would be responsible to make a report on his own subject. The four subjects are: specific pathogen freedom (SPF), infectious bronchitis, Marek's disease, Newcastle disease. The work established by the Committee is presented. PMID- 38159 TI - A survey of various media and growth factors used in cell cultivation. PMID- 38160 TI - Studies on dehydrogenases of the glucuronate-xylulose cycle in the livers of diabetic mice and rats. AB - In view of reports that accessory pathways of glucose oxidation are enhanced in the diabetic state, we have determined the levels of key enzymes of the glucuronate-xylulose cycle in the livers of diabetic mice and rats. Genetically diabetic mice (db/db) were found to have increased levels of two NADP-linked enzymes of this cycle [NADP-xylitol dehydrogenase and NADP-L-hexonate dehydrogenase (aldehyde reductase II)], whereas other NAD- and NADP-linked dehydrogenase activities of the pathway were not changed. On the other hand, the livers of streptozotocin-diabetic mice and rats showed normal levels of all these enzymes. In the course of this study, evidence was obtained for the presence in db/db mouse liver of low molecular weight material inhibitory for glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase. The use of these animal models in diabetes research is briefly discussed. PMID- 38161 TI - The future look of medical devices. PMID- 38162 TI - CHA/CCHSE convention recap. PMID- 38163 TI - Treatment of severe diabetic ketoacidosis. A comparative study of two methods. AB - Patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis (pH less than 7.10) were treated according to two protocols. Protocol I consisted of high-dose insulin therapy by intravenous and intramuscular injections and bicarbonate infusion and was used in the first 12 patients; they received an average of 260 U insulin and 167 mmol bicarbonate in the first 6 h of treatment. Protocol II consisted of low-dose continuous intravenous insulin therapy, 8 U/hour, without bicarbonate in a further 12 patients. Rehydration and potassium-supplementation were the same in both methods. Basal data of both groups were not significantly different. The fall of plasma glucose concentration, rise in arterial pH and decrease in 3 hydroxybutyrate were similar in the two groups. The mean time to achieve a pH equal to or greater than 7.30 was 6.8 hours in the high-dose group and 7.6 hours in the low-dose group (p greater than 0.10). Potassium supplementation and potassium concentration during both treatments were the same. During the low-dose treatment the mean (+/- SD) plasma insulin concentration was 121 +/- 46 microU/ml. The presence of insulin binding antibodies did not result in lower free insulin concentrations. Thus, in the treatment of severe ketoacidosis continuous intravenous therapy with low-dose insulin is as effective as high-dose therapy and bicarbonate-administration is probably unnecessary. PMID- 38164 TI - Effect of Methylene Blue on pyridine nucleotides and insulin secretion of rat pancreatic islets. AB - Methylene Blue, which is known to oxidise NADPH in red blood cells, was used to assess a possible role of NADPH in the glucose-stimulated secretion of insulin. When islets from rats were incubated with 3 mg/ml of glucose, Methylene Blue (0.5), 1.0, 2.0 or 5.0 micrograms/ml) significantly decreased the concentration of NADPH, increased that of NADP+ and decreased the NADPH/NADP+ ratio in a dose dependent manner. This effect was associated with inhibition of the glucose induced insulin release. No significant change of NADH, NAD+ and ATP could be observed. It is suggested that the secretory response of the pancreatic islet to glucose stimulation depends on the NADPH/NADP+ ratio. PMID- 38165 TI - Alcohol-drug interactions. PMID- 38166 TI - Update on sedative hypnotics. PMID- 38167 TI - [National Association of Hospital Cardiologists: Proceedings of the 9th National Conference, Florence, March 31--April 2, 1978]. PMID- 38168 TI - Induction of enzyme-altered islands in rat liver by a single treatment with benzo[a]pyrene after partial hepatectomy. PMID- 38169 TI - Second meeting of the European Intestinal Transport Group. Pont-a-Mousson (France), September 6--9, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 38170 TI - [French National Society of Proctology. Annual meeting, 12 February 1978. Iatrogenic diseases of the anus and rectum. Proceedings]. PMID- 38171 TI - Some determinants of latency of off-response to electrical field stimulation in circular layer of smooth muscle of opossum esophagus. AB - Transverse strips from smooth muscle of opossum esophagus were subjected to electrical field stimulation of intramural nerves to study the latency of the off response. Latency is the time from the end of the stimulus train to the beginning of the off-response. Latency increased from one end of the smooth muscle segment to the other; it was shortest proximally and longest distally. Variables altering this latency gradient were sought. Strip width and tension had no effect (P greater than 0.02). Longer stimulation trains shortened latency (P less than 0.02). Krebs solution was modified by changing potassium concentration and by the addition of: hexamethonium, 1 x 10(-4) M; D-tubocurarine, 1 x 10(-4) M; bethanechol, 5 x 10(-7) M; carbachol, 5 x 10(-7 M; physostigmine, 1 x 10(-7) M; propranolol, 1 x 10(-6) M; tolazoline, 5 x 10(6) M; norepinephrine, 1 x 10(-5) M; isoproterenol, 1 x 10(-6) M; and dopamine, 1 x 10(4) M. Increased potassium concentrations shortened latency, and decreased potassium concentrations lengthened it (P less than 0.02). Carbachol, bethanechol, physostigmine, and isoproterenol shortened latency (P less than 0.02). Hexamethonium, D tubocurarine, tolazoline, propranolol, norepinephrine, and dopamine had no effect (P greater than 0.02). PMID- 38172 TI - Local control of blood flow in the dog's stomach: vasodilatation caused by acid back-diffusion following topical application of salicylic acid. PMID- 38173 TI - Cytoprotection by prostaglandins. PMID- 38174 TI - APUD cells in rat oxyntic mucosa. PMID- 38175 TI - National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: study design and conduct of the study. AB - The design and execution of the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study are described in this paper. The Study incorporated several noteworthy features developed to meet specific demands of the disease and its therapy. A standard clinical grading system, the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was developed to allow uniform decentralized clinical evaluation and decision-making throughout the 5 yr of the study. All three drugs in widespread clinical use in Crohn's disease were studied both for suppressive and prophylactic efficacy and for toxicity. The study employed a scheme for double-blind evaluation of patient progress which allowed adjustment of prednisone dose according to the degree of illness and ensured continuous monitoring for serious toxicity of any study drug. Results were analyzed primarily by ranking the clinical outcome of every patient according to a uniform and detailed scheme and applying Wilcoxon nonparametric statistics. Outcome was also analyzed by life-table methods. Eleven hundred nineteen patients were entered and 604 patients were randomized at 14 study centers during the 5-yr duration of the study. Twenty patients were eliminated from analysis as not meeting diagnostic criteria for Crohn's disease, and another 15 patients were eliminated as not meeting other preestablished criteria for analysis. Nine percent of randomized patients, equally distributed in the four treatment groups, withdrew as noncompliant. Ninety percent of patients completed all or all but one protocol-specified visits, and 95% completed the final radiologic and sigmoidoscopic evaluation. PMID- 38176 TI - National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: results of drug treatment. AB - The response of active and quiescent Crohn's disease to prednisone, sulfasalazine, or azathioprine has been studied in 569 patients in a placebo controlled, randomized, multicenter cooperative trial. The response of active symptomatic disease to prednisone or sulfasalazine was significantly better than to placebo. Response to azathioprine was better than to placebo, but the difference did not reach conventional levels of statistical significance. Patients with colonic involvement were especially responsive to sulfasalazine, and those with small bowel involvement were especially responsive to prednisone. Patients' drug therapy immediately before entry to the study significantly affected subsequent response. For patients with quiescent disease, none of the drugs was superior to placebo in prophylaxis against flare-up or recurrence. There is less than a 5% risk that a clinically significant prophylactic effect of any of the drug regimens was missed. PMID- 38177 TI - National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: adverse reactions to study drugs. AB - Adverse reactions to the drugs employed in the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study were sought prospectively at each patient visit and by retrospective review of all patient charts. Prednisone caused evident side effects in over 50% of patients on high-dose suppressive therapy and in approximately one-third of patients on prophylactic dose. Thirty-two percent of patients on high-dose, and 26% on prophylactic-dose prednisone required dose reduction or withdrawal because of side effects. Comparable figures for sulfasalazine were 14% and 12%, and for azathioprine 32% and 20%. The incidence of nausea, vomiting, or anorexia among patients taking sulfasalazine was 46% and 34%, on high and low dose respectively; however, this incidence was no different than that observed among patients taking placebo. These symptoms occasioned withdrawal from the study of only 4% and 3% of patients on high and low doses of sulfasalazine, respectively. Azathioprine produced leukopenia at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight in 15% of patients and the mean white cell count, lymphocyte count, granulocyte count, and hematocrit all fell significantly in patients on this dose. Pancreatitis occurred in 5% of patients taking azathioprine but in no other patients. Sulfasalazine proved to be the safest effective suppressive drug for Crohn's disease. Prednisone toxicity, though substantial, is acceptable in view of its demonstrated suppressive efficacy. Azathioprine was approximately as toxic as prednisone but no more effective than placebo in suppressing active disease. None of the drugs was effective prophylactically, and all showed appreciable long-term toxicity. PMID- 38178 TI - Azathioprine-related pancreatitis in patients with Crohn's disease. AB - Pancreatitis developed in 6 patients in the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. In five of these the diagnosis was confirmed by elevated levels of seum amylase or lipase. All cases were in the 113 patients who received azathioprine and occurred within the first 21 days of treatment. This incidence of pancreatitis was significantly greater than in the patients treated with sulfasalazine, prednisone, or placebo (P less than 0.01). PMID- 38179 TI - A trial of sulfasalazine as adjunctive therapy in Crohn's disease. AB - The effect of the combination of sulfasalazine and prednisone has been compared with that of prednisone and placebo in 89 actively symptomatic patients with Crohn's disease in a double-blind, randomized, multicenter controlled trial. The combination was less effective than prednisone alone in treatment of active symptomatic disease. The probability of obtaining this result, if sulfasalazine truly has a clinically useful effect equal to or greater than that specified in the calculation, is less than 1%. Patients who were in remission at the end of 8 wk were rerandomized to receive either the two drugs together or prednisone plus placebo while repeated systematic attempts to withdraw prednisone were made over the next 6 mo. Sulfasalazine showed no prednisone-sparing effect as judged either by outcome ranking or total dose of prednisone consmed by the two treatment groups. However, in this comparison the probability is greater than 5% that, given the results observed, a clinically useful effect of sulfasalazine of specified minimum degree truly exists. It was possible to withdraw prednisone from 25% of patients at the first attempt and ultimately in 37%. PMID- 38180 TI - Correlations between clinical, blood leukocyte, and skin test data in the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. AB - Peripheral blood leukocyte counts, percentages of lymphocytes and granulocytes, serum albumin levels, and results of skin tests with five antigens were examined in patients randomized in the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. Inspection for differences from normal and correlations with a variety of variables showed no unusual characteristics except for a high incidence of anergy (31%) at randomization, and ranging up to 47.5% after treatment. PMID- 38181 TI - Radiographic findings of the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. AB - On-study barium radiographs of 535 patients in the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study have been analyzed for the pattern of distribution of bowel disease and the individual features that characterized bowel involvement. On-study and off-study radiographs of 403 of these patients were compared under code to judge radiographic response to drug treatment and discover correlations of radiographic findings with clinical response. Patients with more clinically active disease had more colonic disease on x-ray. Duodenal abnormalities were recognized in 22% of the patients and radiographically typicaly Crohn's disease of the duodenum in 8%. Recurrent Crohn's disease and that characterized by small bowel obstruction each displayed a characteristic appearance. Overall there was little evidence of radiographic improvement during the study, and little correlation between clinical response and evidence of radiologic improvement. Only patients treated with prednisone for more than 6 mo showed statistically significant radiologic improvement. Patients with definite radiographic progression or regression were found in each treatment group. Both fistula and stricture with obstruction were associated with a poor clinical response to all therapies. In view of the evidence from this study that radiographic findings do not correlate with clinical symptoms or response, the ritual use of x-ray to follow patients with Crohn's disease is unnecessary. PMID- 38182 TI - Receptor-mediated noradrenaline stimulation of (Na+-K+) ATPase in rat brain cortical homogenates. PMID- 38183 TI - Evidence for the presence of beta 2-inhibitory adrenoceptors in the rat vas deferens. PMID- 38184 TI - Alpha- and beta-adrenergic mechanisms in the aorta of newborn rabbits and guinea pigs. PMID- 38185 TI - Effects of cold-acclimation on beta-adrenergic receptors of rabbit carotid artery. PMID- 38186 TI - Histochemical patterns in the tadpole tail during normal and thyroxine-induced metamorphosis. II. Succinic dehydrogenase, Mg- and Ca-adenosine triphosphatases, thiamine pyrophosphatase, and 5'-nucleotidase. PMID- 38187 TI - Summary of a conference on "Law/science perspectives on public policy decision making" (including the case of recombinant DNA). PMID- 38188 TI - Dementia: differential diagnosis and treatment. AB - With careful differential diagnosis and judicious treatment, you may be able to reverse certain aspects of dementia in the elderly. Drug toxicity, depression, metabolic and endocrine disorders, and other systemic problems are all potentially treatable causes of mental deterioration. Even when the cause cannot be identified, you can still treat the patient's symptoms. Antidepressants, antipsychotics, and antianxiety agents, plus supportive measures, often effect marked improvement. PMID- 38189 TI - Involuntary movement disorders--each has a meaning all its own. AB - Degenerative processes in the corpus striatum, neuroleptics drugs, thyroid disease, and Parkinson's disease are all causes of abnormal spontaneous movements in the elderly. Differential diagnosis is essential for selecting the proper therapy, and the patient's history often provides the key. PMID- 38190 TI - [Morphological evaluation of afterbirths from gestation where beta-mimetic drugs are used]. PMID- 38191 TI - Gastric acid secretion rate and buffer content of the stomach after a rice- and a wheat-based meal in normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer. AB - The study describes gastric acid secretory response to a rice-based and a wheat based meal over a prolonged period of five hours and buffer content of the stomach in five normal and seven duodenal ulcer subjects from the rice-eating eastern Indian population. The results suggest that (1) the meal-mediated gastric acid secretory response in duodenal ulcer subjects is much higher than in the controls, even though the histamine stimulated response is similar, (2) the type of meal, whether rice and fish based or wheat and meat based, does not influence the acid secretory response, and (3) the duodenal ulcer subjects in this area, two hours after a meal, have a buffer capacity similar to the controls. PMID- 38192 TI - Antacids and peptic ulcer--a reappraisal. AB - Antacids can reduce gastroduodenal acidity for long periods if taken in substantial quantities after food. Their healing effect on gastric ulcer is minimal, if present at all, and easily overwhelmed by the benefit obtained from admission to hospital. Intensive antacid therapy appears effective in healing duodenal ulcer and preventing haemorrhage from stress ulcer, and is comparable in these respects with cimetidine but with a higher incidence of side-effects. Clinical impression strongly suggests that antacids relieve pain in peptic ulcer but objective confirmation is lacking. PMID- 38193 TI - Partial purification and properties of glucosyltransferase from Streptomyces aureofaciens. AB - Differential centrifugation, precipitation with ammonium sulphate and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose led to a twenty-fold purification of glucosyltransferase from Streptomyces aureofaciens B 96. The Michaelis constants for glucosyluridyl diphosphate (UDP-glucose) was 10.8 microM for 1,2-dihydroxy 9,10-anthraquinone (alizarin) 110 microM; the maximum rate of glucosylation reaction was 5.32 mumol per s per mg protein. The pH optimum was at 7.1; the flat temperature optimum was at 30 degrees C. Using some hydroxy derivatives of 9,10 anthraquinone it was found that the production of glucosides from aglycones with alpha-hydroxyl groups was about 1/8 of the values obtained with beta-hydroxyl substrates. In both types of aglycones the presence of another hydroxyl group led to a higher glucoside production. PMID- 38194 TI - Properties of cellulase from Trichoderma viride. AB - Cellulase produced by Trichoderma viride acted on carboxymethyl cellulose with a Km of 4.9 g substrate per litre, showing a pH optimum at 4.5 and a temperature optimum at 55 degrees C. Ag+, Hg2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and N3- were inhibitory.. PMID- 38195 TI - [Differential diagnosis with adrenergic beta blockers]. AB - Several beta-adrenergic blocking agents are on the market in Western Germany. They differ not only in their beta-blocking potency and selectivity but also in their unspecific effects, as intrinsic activity and membrane stabilizing properties. Also the pharmacokinetic behaviour varies widely. From the clinical point of view the selectivity is important for avoiding an aggravation of an underlying obstructive lung disease of effects in the peripheral vascular bed. The intrinsic activity on the one hand might be responsible for some side effects like nightmare or headache; the slowing of resting heart rate on the other hand might be less pronounced. The discrepancies of bio-availability might be overcome by increasing the oral dose. PMID- 38196 TI - [Prescription of hypnotics from a psychiatric viewpoint]. PMID- 38197 TI - Study of testicular feedback in male rats using artificial cryptorchidism as a model. AB - Plasma LH, FSH and testosterone were measured in testosterone-treated and untreated cryptorchid and castrated male rats. Exogenous testosterone prevented the increase in basal LH but not FSH levels seen in the untreated cryptorchids. Increases in plasma LH and FSH in response to LH-RH were greater in the cryptorchid as compared to the control group and this could not be reversed by exogenous testosterone, suggesting that spermatogenesis-related feedback factors regulate LH as well as FSH at the pituitary level in the intact rat. The results were consistent with a reduced but nevertheless significant secretion of inhibin by the cryptorchid testis. Basal plasma testosterone levels and ventral prostate weights were not significantly different from intact animals. PMID- 38198 TI - Inhibition of the acid proteinase from Neurospora crassa by diazoacetyl-DL norleucine methyl ester, 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propane and pepstatin. PMID- 38199 TI - The 1979 AHA annual convention in review. PMID- 38200 TI - The changing face of pneumonia. PMID- 38201 TI - Meyenburg complexes of the liver and bile cysts as a consequence of hepatic ischemia. AB - Meyenburg complexes and simple bile cysts are described in a patient having polyarteritis nodosa with involvement of the intrahepatic arterial tree. Similar lesions are found in the liver of monkeys subjected to experimental occlusion of the peripheral hepatic arterial tree. It is proposed that a pathogenetic mechanism conducive to the formation of Meyenburg complexes may be hepatic ischemia. PMID- 38202 TI - Confirmation of the assignment of the gene for arylsulfatase A to chromosome 22 using somatic cell hybrids. AB - Human/hamster hybrid cell cultures were examined for the presence of ARSA and other marker enzymes. Many of these hybrids were also analyzed for human chromosomes. Our results confirm the assignment of ARSA to chromosome 22. PMID- 38203 TI - Changes in reactivity of visceral resistive and capacitive vessels during adaptation to high mountain conditions. PMID- 38204 TI - Aging of the central nervous system. PMID- 38205 TI - Differential depletion of T lymphocytes in the spleen of dengue virus-infected mice. AB - Following the i.c. inoculation of dengue type 2 virus (DV) the spleen weight of infected mice was reduced, as was the proportion of cells killed by ATS and complement (T lymphocytes) in spleen-cell suspensions. In DV-infected mice the mean haemolysin titre, 16 days after i.p. inoculation of 4 x 10(8) SRBC, was 47 compared with 406 in normal mice and spleen cells from DV-infected mice produced significantly reduced direct GVH reactivity in Parker strain (PS) infant mice. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells obtained from mice given three weeks i.p. doses of DV or a single i.c. dose, suppressed antigen-specific antibody secretion as detected by Jerne plaque technique. This suppression was abrogated by pretreating the transferred cells with ATS and complement. Thus DV selectively depletes T lymphocyte subpopulations responsible for helper and effector functions and spares suppressor T cells in the spleen of infected mice. PMID- 38206 TI - Physicians and new health practitioners: issues for the 1980s. PMID- 38207 TI - Adherence of Escherichia coli to human urinary tract epithelial cells. AB - The adherence of Escherichia coli to human uroepithelial cells obtained from midstream urine specimens of healthy women was studied. Bacteria labeled with [(3)H]uridine were used, and unattached organisms were separated from the epithelial cells by vacuum filtration with 5-mum-pore-size Nucleopore membrane filters. These techniques allowed adherence to be measured in large numbers of epithelial cells and overcame the problem of distinguishing experimental bacteria from the indigenous organisms present on uroepithelial cells. Adherence was not appreciably affected by temperature. Adherence was maximal at pH 4 to 5 and at bacterial-to-epithelial-cell ratios of 5,000 or more. The latter observation suggested that there are a limited number of receptors on the epithelial cell surface, an idea which was supported by competition experiments. Adherence occurred within 1 min and then decreased gradually or quickly, depending on the type of bacterial growth medium, to a stationary level of adherence, approximately 50% of that observed initially. The ability of epithelial cells from a single individual to bind E. coli varied in a cyclical and repetitive pattern. Adherence tended to be higher during the early phase of the menstrual cycle and diminished shortly after the time of expected ovulation; adherence frequently correlated with the value obtained on the same day of the menstrual cycle during the preceding months. Adherence was markedly enhanced by bacterial incubation in broth for 72 h and inhibited by alpha-d-mannose. These results suggest that adherence is a complex phenomenon perhaps mediated in part by bacterial pili and mannose residues on uroepithelial cells. PMID- 38208 TI - Properties of extracellular neuraminidase produced by group A streptococcus. AB - Extracellular neuraminidase production by group A streptococci was examined in 92 strains. Fourteen of these strains produced appreciable amounts of enzyme; 12 of the neuraminidase-producing strains belonged to T types 1, 4, and 12. Production of the enzyme paralleled bacterial growth in culture and was maximal in medium containing 0.2% glucose. The enzyme produced by one of these strains was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and filtration on G-200 Sephadex. Its molecular weight was estimated at 90,000. Activity was optimal at pH 5.7 and in the presence of 0.01 to 0.03 M calcium and magnesium cations. The enzyme was stable at temperatures of 4 and 37 degrees C for at least 24 h but was inactivated within 10 min at temperatures of 50 and 65 degrees C. The enzyme hydrolyzed 40% of the sialic acid in bovine submaxillary mucin, but was inactive on sialyl-lactose, porcine submaxillary mucin, oligosaccharides derived from porcine mucin, or human orosomucoid. The Km value for this enzyme with bovine submaxillary mucin as substrate was in the order of 3.6 x 10(-4) M. PMID- 38209 TI - The removal of hypnotic drugs from human serum. A comparative investigation of the adsorptive properties of native and agarose-encapsulated resins and charcoal. AB - The adsorptive capacities of some ion-exchange resins and activated charcoal towards the hypnotic drugs, phenobarbital, glutethimide, carbromal, and methaqualone, have been investigated. Furthermore, the properties of some of these resins and charcoal, encapsulated in an agarose matrix in the form of beads, have been compared with those of the adsorbent phases in their native states. In general, the adsorptive capacities of charcoal were at least as good as, and frequently better than those of the resins. Amberlite XAD-type resins had a higher affinity than Dowex-type resins for all the drugs tested, except for phenobarbital, which was not adsorbed to a satisfactory extent onto Amberlite XAD 4. The encapsulation of adsorbent phases into agarose beads of diameter 5-10 mm results in a reduction of the adsorbtion of the drugs. Nonetheless, the remaining adsorptive capacity is sufficient for application in an extracorporeal detoxification system. Moreover, the overwhelming advantage of good haemocompatibility is provided by the agarose-encapsulated adsorbents. PMID- 38210 TI - Solar heating of mammals: observations of hair transmittance. PMID- 38211 TI - Intracranial heterotransplantation of human hematopoietic cells in nude mice. AB - A panel of established cell lines and many primary cell specimens from lymphomas and leukemias as well as from normal lymphatic tissues were tested for tumorigenicity by intracranial heterotransplantation in nude mice. Not only lymphoma and leukemia cell lines, but also lymphoblastoid cell lines, lacking markers of malignancy, were tumorigenic in the brains of nude mice. These findings indicate that tumorigenicity following intracranial heterotransplantation in nude mice cannot be used as proof for the malignant nature of established cell lines. Heterotraplantation of primary cell specimens yielded only a few tumor takes. When primary cells were infected with exogenous Epstein-Barr virus prior to the transplantation procedure, tumorigenicity could be significantly increased. Cytogenetic evaluation of tumors growing after intracranial transplantation of human hematopoietic cells showed, in some cases, a selection of cytogenetically aberrant cell clones. PMID- 38212 TI - Neighborhood health center patients who use minor tranquilizers. AB - Thirty-four ambulatory medical patients who had used minor tranquilizers for varying lengths of time were interviewed to determine their medical and psychiatric statuses, and to learn their own perspective of their medical care. The population was elderly of lower socioeconomic status, and chronically ill (a significant minority with serious and disabling illness). Depressive equivalents, depression, and anxiety were prominent, but clinical states requiring psychiatric care were not. Slightly less than one-half were alcoholic. Forty-one percent took the medications for target symptoms other than anxiety, and 76% believed these agents were efficacious. Chronic users had significantly more chronic medical illness, and significantly more somatization, anxiety, and fatigue. PMID- 38213 TI - Pharmacopsychological investigations concerning the combined effects of dipotassium clorazepate and ethanol. AB - The effect of a single dosage of 20 mg dipotassium clorazepate (DPC) on reaction times, with and without administration of ethanol (1 g/kg body weight), was studied in 14 male subjects. When administered in the evening, the sort-term effect of DPC consisted of slightly increased optic reaction times and decreased endurance and concentration. With simultaneous administration of ethanol, all types of performance studied were significantly impaired; impairment was more pronounced than with the ethanol tests. On the following morning at the second retest, performance levels almost completely returned to those at the onset of testing. This restitution, however, was not as pronounced with subjects who had only received DPC. PMID- 38214 TI - Alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties of labetalol in renin release. AB - The effect of labetalol, an alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking antihypertensive, on plasma renin activity (PRA) and the hemodynamics of healthy volunteers at rest and during an ergometric exercise test was studied. Oral doses of 200 and 400 mg labetalol were tested against a placebo in a crossover manner. The labetalol plasma concentrations were determined. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the supine position decreased after 400 mg labetalol as did the response of the heart rate to exercise. The lower dose decreased the resting heart rate, but had no effect on the heart rate during exercise. The ergometric exercise induced an increase in PRA which was partly inhibited after 200 mg labetalol in a manner similar to that induced by beta-blockers in our earlier studies. After 400 mg labetalol PRA was already increased at one hour at sitting rest and this higher basal level was maintained for four hours. After this higher dose of labetalol the reaction of PRA to exercise was not significantly inhibited. In renin release the vasodilating alpha-blockade thus dominated the beta-blocking property of labetalol at the dose which decreased the blood pressure. PMID- 38215 TI - Effects of beta-blocking agent Metipranolol on metabolic variables in patients with ischemic heart disease, hyperkinetic syndrome, hyperthyreosis and in healthy subjects. AB - Metabolic effects of Metipranolol, a new beta adrenergic blocking agent, have been studied in patients with ischemic heart disease, hyperkinetic syndrome, hyperthyreosis and in healthy subjects. Administration of the drug (30 mg per day for one week) resulted in the decrease of noradrenaline excretion, blood free fatty acid level, and in lowering of blood pressure and heart rate, particularly in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperkinetic syndrome. These alterations were accompanied by alleviation of clinical symptoms. It is suggested that Metipranolol by suppressing the activity of sympathetic nervous system and thereby diminishing lypolysis, exerts favourable clinical effects, most probably related to diminution of myocardial oxygen consumption. PMID- 38216 TI - Cutaneous rheumatoid vasculitis. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis is a multisystem disease, with many clinical forms bearing close resemblance to systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis or polyarteritis nodosa. Although the involvement of the integument is not as disabiling as the joint disease, the extent of disability may be of sufficient magnitude to necessitate therapeutic intervention. Two patients are presented whose skin involvement was suggestive of cutaneous angiitis and who responded dramatically to treatment using sulfasalazine. PMID- 38217 TI - Effects of D and L amino acid residues in linear peptides on carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance parameters. AB - The 13C spectra of the linear tripeptidyl diastereoisomers, Gly-Gly-Leu, Gly-Gly D-Leu, Leu-Gly-Gly, D-Leu-Gly-Gly, Ala3, Ala-Ala-D-Ala, Ala-D-Ala-Ala, Val3, and Val-Val-D-Val are very similar or even identical at pH meter readings of 1.0, 7.0 and 12.0 in D2O. The spectra of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 and Pro-D-Leu-Gly-NH2 likewise show only minor differences in 13C chemical shifts (less than 0.4 p.p.m.) under similar conditions. This contrasts significantly with previous findings comparing 13C chemical shifts of cyclo(Pro-Leu) and cyclo(Pro-D-Leu) where major differences in chemical shifts were observed for both residues due to differences in conformational constraints present in these cyclic proline-containing peptides. The least-squares fit of spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) for Pro-Leu Gly-NH2 and Pro-D-Leu-Gly-NH2 show that it is not possible to fit all the T1 values to a unique and rigid structure whether folded or extended. The glycyl residue undergoes enhanced motion when compared with the prolyl and leucyl residues. Internal motion must be postulated within the proline ring and for the CH3 groups of leucine. PMID- 38218 TI - Separation of opioid peptides utilizing high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Chromatographic procedures have been developed for resolving all of the known enkephalins and endorphins on a single column. The effect of eluant pH on the retention times and separation of the enkephalins and beta-endorphin was determined. By combining these separations with a sensitive radioreceptor assay it is possible to assay all of the opioid peptides in the pituitary gland or in various regions of the brain from individual small laboratory animals. PMID- 38219 TI - Interaction of radical anion probes with glucoamylase I from Aspergillus niger. AB - The radical anions (SCN)2.- and Br2.- produced during a pulse radiolysis of the respective potassium salts have been used to study the tryptophan residues of the glucoenzyme, glucoamylase I (EC 3.2.1.3.). At neutral pH, Br2.- reacted with the tryptophan residues of glucoamylase I as expected from previous studies of proteins and free amino acids. However, (SCN)2.- at neutral and high pH was surprisingly unreactive towards the native enzyme. Reaction did occur, however, between (SCN)2.- and glucoamylase from which one-third of the covalently bound carbohydrate had been removed, producing a tryptophyl radical. Reaction also occured between (SCN)2.- and glucoamylase I inactivated by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulphate, but the tryptophan residues were not involved. It is concluded from the results that two 'types' of tryptophan residues are found in glucoamylase I; both are attacked by Br2.- but only one type is attacked by (SCN)2.-. PMID- 38220 TI - [Photosensitive formation of anion radicals from psoralens]. PMID- 38221 TI - The production of alkali-labile lesions in X-irradiated PM2 DNA. PMID- 38222 TI - The reaction of solvated electrons with cytosine, 5-methyl cytosine and 2' deoxycytidine in squeous solution. The reaction of the electron adduct intermediates with water, p-nitroacetophenone and oxygen. A pulse spectroscopic and pulse conductometric study. AB - Using conductivity detection, pulse radiolysis experiments showed that solvent protonation of the electron adducts of cytosine, 5-methyl cytosine and 2' deoxycytidine occurs with rate constants k greater than or equal to 2 x 10(4) M 1S-1. The protonated electron adducts transfer an electron to p nitroactetophenone (PNAP) with rate constants ranging from 3.5 x 10(9) to 5.3 x 10(9) M-1S-1. The transfer is quantitative (G = 2.7), as shown by conductometric and spectroscopic measurements. In the presence of O2 no electron transfer to O2 takes place, implying that O2 adds to the protonated electron adduct radicals. No electron transfer from the H- and OH-adducts of the cytosine derivatives, either to PNAP or to O2, takes place near neutral pH. It is suggested that the differences in the reaction behaviour of the H-adduct radicals and the protonated electron adduct radicals towards PNAP can be accounted for if different radicals are formed by H-addition and protonation of the electron adduct. The H atoms most probably add to the C-5-C-6 double bonds, whereas the electron adducts are protonated at N-3 and/or 0-2. PMID- 38223 TI - Changes of plasma volume and hematocrit after circulatory arrest: an experimental study in dogs. PMID- 38224 TI - International conference: the impact of new radiological technology on health care, research and teaching, held in San Francisco, California, March 3--5, 1978. PMID- 38225 TI - 10th annual meeting of the Israel Immunological Society. 19 to 20 April 1978, Tel Aviv. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 38226 TI - Radioisotopic evaluation of the treatment of Sudek's syndrome with calcitonin. AB - The authors report their investigations in ten patients suffering from Sudek's syndrome of the foot, studied by the use of the radioosteotrope 99mTc Pirophosphate. Through this radioindicator it has been possible to evaluate qualitatively (scintigraphy) as well as quantitatively (scintimetry) the modifications of the metabolism induced by the administration of calcitonin. The evaluation, whose radioisotopic method is described in detail, has been carried out at various intervals during treatment with calcitonin (from two to six months). The normalization of the readjustment of the bone generally corresponded with marked clinical recovery of the patient. PMID- 38227 TI - [Prevention and therapy with immunoglobulin SRK]. AB - In a clinical study the tolerance and efficacy of a gamma-globulin, treated at pH 4, has been studied. This preparation manufactured by the "Zentrallaboratorium des Blutspendedienstes SRK" can be given intravenously without any risk of untoward reactions. It has been applied in high dosages up to 99 g per week. In 15 cases with primary humoral immunodeficiency, the frequency and the severity of acute bacterial infections were markedly reduced or completely absent. In 16 patients without antibody deficiency but suffering from severe septic-toxic infections, results with Immunglobulin SRK were encouraging and warrant further controlled studies. PMID- 38228 TI - The Genetical Society of Great Britain. Abstracts of papers presented at the hundred and eighty-eighth meeting of the Society held on 17th and 18th November 1978, at University College, London. PMID- 38229 TI - Cytochemical studies on the localization of 5'-nucleotidase in the acinar cells of the rat salivary glands. AB - The cytochemical localization of 5'-nucleotidase (5'-AMPase), and its validity, were investigated in parotid and submandibular acinar cells of a rat. Biochemical determinations showed that adequate treatment with glutaraldehyde could minimize the loss of enzymatic activity, and that 5'-AMPase and non-specific alkaline phosphatase (beta-GPase) possessed different pH optima. The cytochemical distribution of the reaction products from the 5'-AMPase activity was distinct from those of beta-GPase. 5'-AMPase activity was localized on the surface membranes of acinar, ductal and myoepithelial cells of both salivary glands. beta GPase activity was evenly distributed on the entire plasma membranes of myoepithelial cells and on the basal plasmalemma of acinar cells. The reaction products, which appeared on the luminal and lateral plasma membranes of the acinar cells, were presumed to reflect the presence of 5'-AMPase, while those on the myoepithelial surface and basal plasma membranes of the acinar cells demonstrated both 5'-AMPase and beta-GPase. The results indicate that 5'-AMPase activity can be utilized as a reliable marker enzyme of plasma membranes in the salivary acinar cells. PMID- 38230 TI - The pilloried medical profession. PMID- 38231 TI - Moves to counter litigation. PMID- 38232 TI - Epilepsy, motor vehicle licensure and the law. PMID- 38233 TI - Acute severe head injury. PMID- 38234 TI - Psychiatric considerations for the "right to pull the plug". PMID- 38235 TI - CDC recommended treatment schedules, 1978. Gonorrhea. PMID- 38236 TI - Ventilatory drive in acute metabolic acidosis. PMID- 38237 TI - Proceedings of the Anatomical Society of Australia and New Zealand. August 1978. PMID- 38238 TI - PS-5, a new beta-lactam antibiotic. II. Antimicrobial activity. AB - PS-5, a new beta-lactam antibiotic, has relatively potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, especially the Enterobacter groups, Serratia marcescens, the Proteus groups and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The activity of PS-5 against many beta-lactamase-producing organisms is greater than that of cefoxitin or cefazolin. PS-5 has good therapeutic activity in mice infected with Staphylococcus aureus Smith or Enterobacter cloacae 45. PMID- 38239 TI - Active groups of bicyclomycin and the reaction with thiols. AB - The binding of [14C]bicyclomycin to whole cells of E. coli and to the inner membrane proteins was inhibited by dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol. The reactivity of the drug with the sulfhydryl group was further studied, using methanethiol as a model compound. The kinetics revealed that the reaction was of pseudo-first-order in excess of thiolate anion. Analysis with gas chromatography mass spectrometry showed that the main product was an adduct of thiol with bicyclomycin in an equal molar ratio. The structure of the adduct was determined by 1H-NMR spectrometry, showing that thiolate attacked the olefinic double bond of the antibiotic. 3'-Acyl derivatives of bicyclomycin did not significantly affect the binding of [14C] bicyclomycin to inner membrane proteins of E. coli. The results suggested that 4,5-double bond hydrocarbons and 3'-hydroxy group of bicyclomycin participate in the binding to E. coli inner membrane proteins, which are presumably the receptors of the antibiotic. The olefinic double bond seems to be the active center of bicyclomycin, reacting with the sulfhydryl group of the receptor protein, although the whole molecular is needed for the activity. PMID- 38240 TI - Perinatal and neonatal infections. Proceedings of a symposium held at Queen Charlotte's Hospital for Women, 9 June 1978. PMID- 38241 TI - The thiol group of the L-arabinose-binding protein. Chromophoric labeling and chemical identification of the sugar-binding site. PMID- 38242 TI - Potent and specific inhibition of glutathione synthesis by buthionine sulfoximine (S-n-butyl homocysteine sulfoximine). AB - Buthionine sulfoximine (S-n-butyl homocysteine sulfoximine), the most potent of a series of analogs of methionine sulfoximine thus far studied (Griffith, O.W., Anderson, M.E., and Meister, A. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 1205-1210), inhibited gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase about 20 times more effectively than did prothionine sulfoximine and at least 100 times more effectively than methionine sulfoximine. The findings support the conclusion that the S-alkyl moiety of the sulfoximine binds at the enzyme site that normally binds the acceptor amino acid. Thus, the affinity of the enzyme for the S-ethyl, S-n-propyl, and S-n-butyl sulfoximines increases in a manner which is parallel to those of the corresponding isosteric acceptor amino acid substrates, i.e. glycine, alanine, and alpha-aminobutyrate. Buthionine sulfoximine did not inhibit glutamine synthetase detectably, nor did it produce convulsions when injected into mice. Injection of buthionine sulfoximine into mice decreased the level of glutathione in the kidney to a greater extent (less than 20% of the control level) than found previously after giving prothionine sulfoximine. alpha-Methyl buthionine sulfoximine was also prepared and found to be almost as effective as buthionine sulfoximine; this compound would not be expected to undergo substantial degradative metabolism. Buthionine sulfoximine and alpha-methyl buthionine sulfoximine may be useful agents for inhibition of glutathione synthesis in various experimental systems. PMID- 38243 TI - Adrenergic control of glucose output and adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate levels in hepatocytes from juvenile and adult rats. PMID- 38244 TI - Alpha hydroxylation of lignoceric acid in brain. Subcellular localization of alpha hydroxylation and the requirement for heat-stable and heat-labile factors and sphingosine. PMID- 38245 TI - The enthalpy of protolysis of liver alcohol dehydrogenase upon binding nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. AB - The binding of NAD+, NADH, and ADP-ribose to horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase has been studied calorimetrically as a function of pH at 25 degrees C. The enthalpy of NADH binding is 0 +/- 0.5 kcal mol-1 in the pH range 6 to 8.6. The enthalpy of NAD+ binding, however, varies with pH in a sigmoidal fashion and is 4.0 kcal mol(NAD)-1 at pH 6.0 and +4.5 kcal mol(NAD)-1 at pH 8.6 with an apparent pKa of 7.6 +/- 0.2. The enthalpy of proton ionization of the group on the enzyme is calculated to be in the range 8.8 to 9.8 kcal mol(H+)-1. In conjunction with the available thermodynamic data on the ionization of zinc-bound water in model compounds, it is concluded that the group with a pKa of 9.8 in the free enzyme and 7.6 in the enzyme . NAD+ binary complex is, most likely, the zinc-bound water molecule. Our studies with zinc-free enzyme provide further evidence for this conclusion. Therefore, the processes involving a conformational change of the enzyme upon NAD+ binding and the suggested mechanism of subsequent quenching of the fluorescence of Trp-314 implicating the participation of an ionized tyrosine group must be re-evaluated in the light of this thermodynamic study. PMID- 38246 TI - Nonpeptidyl amine inhibitors are substrates of lysyl oxidase. PMID- 38247 TI - Proton magnetic resonance studies on Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase. Assignment of histidine C-2 protons in binary complexes with folates on the basis of the crystal structure with methotrexate and on chemical modifications. AB - The effects of pH upon the C-2 resonances of the 5 histidine residues of Escherichia coli MB 1428 dihydrofolate reductase in binary complexes with methotrexate, aminopterin, folate, methopterin, and trimethoprim were studied by 300-MHz 1H nmr spectroscopy. Three of the five histidine residues, labeled 1, 2, and 3, exhibited similar pK' values and chemical shifts for their C-2 protons in the five binary complexes. One histidine, 4, was quite different in the folate complex and the last histidine, 5 was quite different in the trimethoprim complex. For all five binary complexes, each histidine had a pK' which was significantly different from the other 4 histidines of that complex. Titration of the binary methotrexate complex of a 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate)-modified enzyme showed that 2 histidines were not perturbed by this modification of Cys 152, and that the alkaline form of histidine 2, the acid form of histidine 4, and, to a lesser extent, the acid form of histidine 3 were slightly perturbed. Titration of the binary methotrexate complex of a N-bromosuccinimide-modified enzyme demonstrated that this modification slightly affected all of the histidines and drastically affected histidine 5. Histidines 3 and 5 of the binary methotrexate complex reacted rapidly with the histidine-specific reagent, ethoxyformic anhydride, while histidines 2 and 4 reacted at a moderate rate and histidine 1 reacted slowly if at all. The local electrostatic environments of the 5 histidine residues as deduced from the crystal structure of the binary complex of the enzyme with methotrexate (Matthews, D.A., Alden, R.A., Bolin, J.T., Freer, S.T., Hamlin, R., Xuong, N., Kraut, J., Poe, M., Williams, M.N., and Hoogsteen, K. (1977) Science 197, 594-597) were used as the basis for proposed assignments of the five histidine C-2 nmr resonances. The assignments were: 1, pK' 7.9 to 8.2, His 124; 2, pK' 7.2 to 7.4, His 141; 3, pK' 6.5 to 6.7, His 149; 4, pK' 5.7 to 6.3, His 114; and 5, pK' 5.2 to 5.9, His 45. The effect of the chemical modifications upon the enzyme's histidine residues were consistent with the assignments, but no direct chemical evidence in support of the assignments was obtained. It was proposed that, since the crystallographic data provided consistent assignments of the histidine nmr data for both native and chemically modified enzyme, the local environment of each of the 5 histidine residues was similar in the crystal and in solution. PMID- 38248 TI - Electron spin resonance study of the role of NO . catalase in the activation of guanylate cyclase by NaN3 and NH2OH. Modulation of enzyme responses by heme proteins and their nitrosyl derivatives. AB - The role of NO . catalase in the activation of partially purified soluble guanylate cyclase of rat liver by NaN3 and NH2OH was examined by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Equilibration of bovine liver catalase with NO resulted in formation of a paramagnetic species exhibiting a three-line ESR spectrum similar to that of NO . catalase. This paramagnetic complex produced concentration-dependent stimulation of preparations of partially purified guanylate cyclase that were devoid of detectable endogenous heme content. The stimulation of partially purified guanylate cyclase by NO . catalase was similar to that obtained with NO . hemoglobin and with NO . cytochrome P-420 prepared by reaction of hepatic microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rats with NO. By contrast, these same enzyme preparations did not respond to NO or catalase alone. Addition of hematin or hemoglobin plus a reducing agent to purified guanylate cyclase restored enzyme responsiveness to NO and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), but not to NaN3 or NH2OH. Responses to the latter agents were restored by catalase and potentiated by a H2O2-generating system. Formation of the NO . catalase complex was evident by ESR spectroscopy in test solutions containing NaN3 or nh2oh, catalase, and a glucose-glucose oxidase, H2O2 generating system. The presence of NO . catalase correlated well with the ability of test solutions to activate purified guanylate cyclase. These results provide evidence for catalase-dependent NO generation from NaN3 and NH2OH under conditions leading to guanylate cyclase activation. Preformed NO . hemoglobin or NO . cytochrome P-420 also activated heme-deficient partially purified guanylate cyclase. The ability of several preformed NO . heme protein complexes, but not NO, to stimulate heme-deficient guanylate cyclase supports the concept that formation of the paramagnetic nitrosyl . heme complex, mediated by either enzymatic or nonenzymatic reactions, is a common and essential step in the process by which NO or NO-forming compounds activate guanylate cyclase. In the absence of the NO ligand, both hemoglobin and catalase suppress the stimulatory effects of the corresponding NO . heme proteins on guanylate cyclase. Release of each heme protein from the NO . heme protein complex occurs more rapidly under aerobic compared to anaerobic conditions. However, hemoglobin is approximately 2000 times more effective as an inhibitor of NO . hemoglobin stimulation of guanylate cyclase than is catalase as an inhibitor of NO . catalase action. This finding may explain the more pronounced decline in the rate of cGMP generation in air in the presence of NO . hemoglobin compared to NO . catalase. The results imply that guanylate cyclase responses to activators that can form NO are determined by both the stimulatory activity of the endogenous heme acceptors of NO and the relative inhibitory effects of the unliganded heme proteins present. PMID- 38249 TI - Energy-transducing H+-ATPase of Escherichia coli. Purification, reconstitution, and subunit composition. PMID- 38250 TI - Kinetics and regulation of the glutamate-aspartate translocator in rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 38251 TI - Stimulation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle by organic solvents. PMID- 38252 TI - Induction of chick epidermal transglutaminase by hydrocortisone in ovo and in vitro with reference to the differentiation of epidermal cells. PMID- 38253 TI - Electron and proton transport in the ubiquinone cytochrome b-c2 oxidoreductase of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. Patterns of binding and inhibition by antimycin. AB - The effect of antimycin on the ubiquinone cytochrome b-c2 (Q b-c2) oxidoreductase of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides has been studied under controlled oxidation-reduction potential (Eh) conditions by equilibrium measurements and by rapid kinetic analysis of single turnover flash.induced electron and proton translocations. 1. Antimycin shifts the alpha-band of ferro b50 (lambda max 560 nm) by 1 to 2 nm toward the red but has no apparent effect on the equilibrium oxidation-reduction midpoint potential of the cytochrome. 2. This red shift is proportional to the antimycin added until a "titer" of 0.7 +/- 0.1 antimycin per reaction center (RC) is approached. With a similar titer antimycin essentially abolishes the following millisecond reactions activated by saturating single turnover flashes: reduction of ferri c2, oxidation of ferro b, Phase III of the membrane-potential-indicating band shift of endogenous carotenoid pigments, and the uptake of 1 of the 2 protons taken up per electron transferred. Such titrations indicate that the binding (KD approximately 10(-9) m) and mode of inhibition of antimycin are noncooperative and are independent of the membrane's coupling status and of the pH and Eb over the range in which electron transport is operative. 3. In the presence of excess antimycin a partial recovery of ferri c2 reduction is seen when the intensity of the flash is diminished, but only at Eh values such that Z (a special quinone serving as reductant for ferri c2) is reduced but b50 is oxidized before activation. These results are consistent with the following model. Each Q b-c2 oxidoreductase complex includes one antimycin binding site, one b50, and one Z. These complexes and the c2 . RC complexes, present in an 0.7:1 ratio, are to some degree mobile with respect to each other. Ferri b50 can be reduced either via the quinones of the RC or via Z in a reaction also involving c2. The former route is kinetically dominant in the presence of antimycin, but the latter route is the means for "oxidant-induced reduction" and depends on the collisional interaction of the oxidoreductase and c2 . RC complexes. Antimycin interferes with neither of these two routes but does inhibit the oxidation of ferro b50; all the other inhibitory effects are consequent on this. PMID- 38254 TI - Energy-linked nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase. Properties of proton translocating and ATP-driven transhydrogenase reconstituted from synthetic phospholipids and purified transhydrogenase from beef heart mitochondria. PMID- 38255 TI - On the optimization of local hyperthermy in tumors based on a new radiofrequency procedure. Local hyperthermy of large body areas using the CMT selectotherm method. AB - A new radiofrequency procedure, i.c., the CMT Selectotherm technique, permits to convey large heat quantities per volume unit also to deep-seated tumor tissues without causing thermal lesions in healthy tissues near or at the body surface. The improved spatial homogeneity of energy supply attainable by this method is demonstrated by measurements at a gelatine phantom and, in particular, by in vivo measurements on pigs. The appliability of local hyperthermy to tumors localized in different parts of the body is substantially improved (a) by the principle of superimposing local hyperthermy on an elevated temperature level of metabolically induced whole-body hyperthermy (CMT-spontaneous hyperthermy at 40 degrees C) and (b) by the principle of selective increasing the thermal sensitivity of tumor tissues by decreasing the pH in these areas (the CMT main step). It is shown that the temperature dose T. deltat necessary for the selective occlusion of the vasculature in tumor tissues can be obtained by the CMT Selectotherm process also in deep-seated tumors. This process is part of the 1977 CMT concept. The fundamentals of optimizing local hyperthermy with consideration of heat dissipation from the tissue by heat conduction and convection via the blood stream are demonstrated. Temperature profiles are calculated for some practice relevant, typical examples (inner and outer parts of sphero-symmetrically shaped tumors). Finally, in vivo measurements and calculations on the time course of temperature under certain conditions and for different tissue layers are discussed. PMID- 38256 TI - Synaptic vesicle exocytosis captured by quick freezing and correlated with quantal transmitter release. AB - We describe the design and operation of a machine that freezes biological tissues by contact with a cold metal block, which incorporates a timing circuit that stimulates frog neuromuscular junctions in the last few milliseconds before thay are frozen. We show freeze-fracture replicas of nerve terminals frozen during transmitter discharge, which display synpatic vesicles caught in the act of exocytosis. We use 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) to increase the number of transmitter quanta discharged with each nerve impulse, and show that the number of exocytotic vesicles caught by quick-freezing increases commensurately, indicating that one vesicle undergoes exocytosis for each quantum that is discharged. We perform statistical analyses on the spatial distribution of synaptic vesicle discharge sites along the "active zones" that mark the secretory regions of these nerves, and show that individual vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane independent of one another, as expected from physiological demonstrations that quanta are discharged independently. Thus, the utility of quick-freezing as a technique to capture biological processes as evanescent as synaptic transmission has been established. An appendix describes a new capacitance method to measure freezing rates, which shows that the "temporal resolution" of our quick-freezing technique is 2 ms or better. PMID- 38257 TI - Specific fluorescent labeling of chicken myofibril Z-line proteins catalyzed by guinea pig liver transglutaminase. AB - Guinea pig liver transglutaminase has been found to catalyze the covalent incorporation of dansylcadaverine into chicken skeletal muscle myofibril proteins. Epifluorescence microscopy reveals that the incorporated dansylcadaverine is specifically localized at or near the myofibril Z line. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicates that actin constitutes a major fraction of the labeled material; the Z-line proteins alpha-actinin and desmin also show significant labeling, as well as tropomyosin, several additional unidentified proteins, and material with an extremely high molecular weight. The Z-line-specific fluorescence can be removed by brief trypsinization, which releases fluorescent alpha-actinin into the supernate. The majority of the fluorescent protein species are resistant to extraction by either 0.6 M KCl or KI. These results, in conjunction with the microscopic localization, suggest that the dansyl-labeled proteins are constituents of the myofibril Z line. A significant amount of fluorescently labeled transglutaminase is also present in labeled myofibrils, which is resistant to extraction with either 0.6 M KCl or KI. This result indicates a strong, noncovalent interaction between the transglutaminase molecule and the myofibril Z line. PMID- 38258 TI - Conformational change in the outer doublet microtubules from sea urchin sperm flagella. AB - Dark-field microscopy with a high-powered light source revealed that the outer doublet microtubules (DMTs) from sea urchin (Pseudocentrotus depressus and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) sperm flagella assume helically coiled configurations (Miki-Noumura, T., and R. Kamiya. 1976. Exp. Cell Res. 97: 451.). We report here that the DMTs change shape when the pH or Ca-ion concentration is changed. The DMTs assumed a left-handed helical shape with a diameter of 3.7 +/- 0.5 micron and a pitch of 2.8 +/- 0.7 micron at pH 7.4 in the presence of 0.1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgSO4, and 10 mM Tris-HCl. When the pH was raised to 8.3, the helical diameter and pitch decreased to 2.1 +/- 0.1 micron and 1.3 +/- 0.3 micron, respectively. This transformation was a rapid and reversible process and was completed within 1 min. Between pH 7.2 and 8.3, the DMTs assumed intermediate shapes. When the Ca ion concentration was depleted with EGTA, the helical structure became significantly larger in both pitch and diameter. For instance, the diameter was 3.8 +/- 0.4 micron at pH 8.3 in the presence of 1 mM EGTA and 2 mM MgSO4. Using a Ca-buffer system, we obtained results which suggested that this Ca-induced transformation took place at a Ca concentration of approximately 10(-7) M. These results were highly reproducible. The conformational changes in the DMT may play some role in the bending wave form of flagellar movement. PMID- 38259 TI - Intracellular pH changes during the cell cycle in Tetrahymena. AB - The equilibrium distribution of 5,5-dimethyloxazoladine 2,4-dione (DMO) between intra- and extracellular volume was used to estimate intracellular pH (pHi) in Tetrahymena pyiformis. In control experiments, DMO was found to equilibrate rapidly in response to a pH gradient. Under normal growth conditions, pHi was constant over a finite range of external pH, being maintained near pH 7.1 over the external pH range 5.2 to 7.3. This same range of external pH was also optimal for growth. pHi was monitored during the cell cycle of a synchronous population of T. pyriformis GL. The cells were synchronized either by starvation/refeeding or heat shock. Under both conditions, there were two alkaline shifts of approximately 0.4 pH units per cell cycle. These shifts in pH retained a constant remporal relationship to S phase and were not affected by changes in the time, duration, or magnitude of cytokinesis. PMID- 38260 TI - Cross-linking of fibronectin to collagen by blood coagulation Factor XIIIa. AB - Soluble fibronectin is found in body fluids and media of adherent cultured cells and binds to fibrin and collagen. Insoluble fibronectin is found in tissue stroma and in extracellular matrices of cultured cells. Fibronectin is a substrate for Factor XIIIa (plasma transglutaminase) and can be cross-linked by Factor XIIIa to itself and the the alpha-chain of fibrin. We used sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to investigate Factor XIIIa-mediated crosslinking of fibronectin to collagen. At O degrees or 37 degrees C, fibronectin could be cross-linked to iodinated cyanogen bromide fragment 7 of the alpha 1(I) chain. At 22 degrees or 37 degrees C, fibronectin could be cross linked to isolated alpha 1(I) chains of type I collagen. Fibronectin could also be crosslinked to types I and III collagen, but only at 37 degrees C. alpha 1(I) CB7, alpha 1(I) collagen chains, type I collagen, type III collagen, and fibrin all blocked cross-linking between 125I-alpha 1 (I)-CB7 and fibronectin. alpha 1(I)-CB7 blocked cross-linking between fibronectin and fibrin. These results indicate that the determinants of fibronectin-fibrin and fibronectin-collagen binding and cross-linking are similar. Cross-linking of fibronectin to collagen likely occurs in vivo and may be important for normal wound healing, collagen fibrillogenesis, and embryogenesis. PMID- 38262 TI - Proceedings of the IDF Symposium on the Physics and Chemistry of Milk Proteins. Ayr, Scotland, 9-11 May 1978. PMID- 38261 TI - Clobazam versus placebo for anxiety and tension in psychoneurotic outpatients. A multicenter collaborative study. AB - Clobazam, a 1,5-benzodiazepine, was compared with placebo in 190 psychoneurotic outpatients with prominent symptoms of anxiety and tension of at least two weeks of duration. The design was one of double-blind parallel groups treated for one week. Clobazam subjects began on 40 mg daily in divided dosage, which was increased to 80 mg daily be day 3 if the drug was well tolerated. Two patients receiving clobazam had laboratory chemistry abnormalities which were possibly drug related. Adverse effects occurred more frequently in the clobazam group and were typical of those of marketed benzodiazepines. This study indicates that clobazam is an effective anxiolytic agent demonstrating its clinical effects during the first week of treatment. PMID- 38263 TI - The association of bovine SH-kappa-casein at pH 7.0. AB - The self-association of SH-kappa-casein at pH 7.0 in 0.01 M-EDTA, 0.001 M dithiothreitol buffer, containing 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 or 1.0 M-NaCl is of a monomer polymer type. The polymer is a spherical particle, diam. 23 nm and mol. wt 570000 (30 monomers). These parameters are not greatly influenced by variations in ionic strength above 0.1. The critical micelle concentration, which is a property of a monomer--polymer equilibrium, decreases with increasing ionic strength. The standard free energy of association is about -36 kJ/mol. monomer at 20 degrees C. PMID- 38264 TI - The equilibria of calcium and phosphate ions with the micellar calcium phosphate in cow's milk. AB - Calorimetric measurements of the heat of solution of micellar Ca phosphate suggest that this material more closely resembles OH-apatite than amorphous Ca phosphate or any other crystalline form. Preliminary computer calculations of the ionic equilibria of milk salt solutions indicate that, over a wide range of pH and temperature, such solutions are supersaturated with respect to OH-apatite and to various other Ca salts under certain conditions. PMID- 38265 TI - Covalent bonds formed in proteins during milk sterilization: studies on caseins and casein peptides. AB - Formation of covalent bonds at milk sterilization temperatures was studied using caseins and casein peptides. At 120 degrees C lysinoalanyl residues produced even at pH 7.0 were derived from intra-molecular interactions between phosphoserine and lysine; the conditions of formation were determined. It was also found that the formation fo isopeptidic cross-links was significant with conditions more severe than those used for milk sterilization. PMID- 38266 TI - Titrimetric studies on milk and milk products. AB - Potentiometric acid-base titration is a simple method that can be used successfully in the investigation of the protein system of milk and other protein containing products. Its applications include the examination of conventional heating procedures, cheese ripening, the investigation of processed cheese and the effect of melting salts. The principle depends on the performance of pH dependent phase transitions which are recorded by a single titration cycle and evaluated quantitatively by means of hysteresis loops. PMID- 38267 TI - Effects of stannous fluoride and tiodonium chloride on dental plaque in rats. AB - Rats with six-day-old plaque were treated twice daily with mouthrinses containing either tiodonium chloride, stannous fluoride or a placebo. Although the results for tiodonium chloride were unremarkable, stannous fluoride mouthrinses proved to be significantly effective in removing dental plaque and in restricting the ability of plaque to lower the pH of sugar solutions. PMID- 38268 TI - Proceedings of the fifty-sixth annual session: American Association of Dental Schools. PMID- 38269 TI - The 97th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts. 11-15 June 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 38270 TI - The effect of histamine-1 and histamine-2 antagonists on airway responses to histamine in the rhesus monkey. AB - This study used rhesus monkeys with consistent respiratory responses to aerosolized histamine. Two systems of histamine challenge were evolved to study the effects of histamine antagonists on the histamine-induced respiratory response. One system consisted of administering increasing subreactive concentrations of histamine until an airway response (H) occurred. This threshold histamine dose was repeated (H'). The pulmonary function changes occurring with the H' challenge were less intense than those with H. M, a histamine-2 receptor antagonist, when given before the H' dose was associated with a potentiated H' response compared with the threshold H response. This provides evidence for histamine-2 receptor sites in rhesus monkey airways. A second system used duplicate histamine challenges with a known reactive dose of histamine. In this system, the pulmonary function changes occurring with the repeated challenge (H') were greater than with the first reactive challenge dose (H). This H' response was inhibited partially with diphenhydramine, a histamine-1 receptor antagonist. These two systems of histamine challenge provide an experimental model for evaluating pharmacologic alteration of histamine-induced respiratory responses. There is evidence for the existence of histamine-1 and histamine-2 receptor sites in the airways of the rhesus monkey. PMID- 38271 TI - Cadmium concentration and distribution in corn (Zea mays L.) grown on a calcareous soil for three years after three annual sludge applications. AB - The disposal of digested sewage sludge on crop-producing land appeals to municipalities as an option but may pose a hazard to human and animal health if the plant material contains elevated levels of some heavy metals. This paper reports the levels of cadmium in corn grain and stover for six years -- three years with sludge applied annually and for three years after sludge applications were terminated. The cadmium concentration in corn grain from the sixth year was similar to values found in corn grown on non-sludged plots. In corn stover from treated plots the cadmium concentration was greater than from untreated plots. Our study indicated that phytotoxic levels of cadmium did not exist even though elevated levels occurred in the corn stover. PMID- 38272 TI - Reduction of fecal indicator bacteria in sewage effluent when pumping for crop irrigation. AB - When sewage effluent was pumped from a lagoon for spray irrigation the pumping process reduced the fecal coliforms (FC) by 66% and the fecal streptococci (FS) by 91%. Bactericidal effects associated with the pumping of effluent were investigated in the laboratory by seeding sterilized effluent with fecal bacteria and repeatedly passing the liquid through a centrifugal impeller type pump at 50 psi pressure. The pumping effect was cumulative, 49 and 90% of FC being killed after two and four passages through the pump, respectively. FC were more susceptible than FS to injury by pressure shock. Very weak chlorination of the effluent increased the destruction of FC but not FS during subsequent pumping. Within the range of experimental conditions used, the percentage of FC killed by pumping was not markedly affected by changes in temperature and pH of the effluent or by differences in the number and age of cells added. PMID- 38273 TI - International conference on surgical rehabilitation of the upper limb in tetraplegia. PMID- 38280 TI - Biological characteristics of peptidoglycans of group A streptococcus and some other bacterial species. II. Immunological mechanisms involved in thrombocytolysis. AB - Immunological mechanisms are involved in the thrombocytolytic activity of peptidoglycan of Group A streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Inactivation of particular components of complement (heating of blood serum to 56 degrees C,incubation with zymosan or NH4OH) inhibited the thrombocytolytic activity of group A streptococcus peptidoglycan. So did preincubation of Group A streptococcus peptidoglycan with homologous antipeptidoglycan antibody. On the other hand, antibody to Group A streptococcus peptidoglycan did not inhibit the thrombocytolytic effect of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan. Human platelets are resistant to peptidoglycans. They remain resistant in the presence of rabbit serum although rabbit platelets are highly sensitive to peptidoglycans. This suggests that, for the expression of the thrombocytolytic activity of bacterial peptidoglycan, specific receptors on the surface of platelets must be present in addition to serum factors. PMID- 38281 TI - Histochemical investigation of some mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes in the kidneys of rabbits immunized with type B botulinus anatoxin. AB - Immunization of rabbits with botulinus anatoxin containing a number of proteins of bacterial origin causes a statistically significant increase in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, NAD diaphorase and NADP diaphorase as early as after 24 hours. After 5-7 days, the activity of all mitochondrial enzymes drops below the control level and returns to normal by the 14th day. The activity of glucose 6-phosphatase decreases significantly already 24 hours after immunization and returns to normal by the end of the 7th day. The mechanism of excretion of foreign protein in the kidneys of immunized animals is discussed. PMID- 38282 TI - Management of minor soft tissue injuries secondary to dental trauma. PMID- 38283 TI - Evidence for an ester linkage between the labile binding site of C3b and receptive surfaces. PMID- 38284 TI - ELISA methodology for polysaccharide antigens: protein coupling of polysaccharides for adsorption to plastic tubes. AB - A method is described which permits the adaption of ELISA techniques for measurement of antibody against bacterial polysaccharides. First, the polysaccharides antigen is covalently bound to poly-L-lysine, using cyanuric chloride as the coupling agent. The poly-L-lysine then adsorbs to the walls of plastic tubes, thus immobilizing the polysaccharide coupled to the poly-L-lysine. The method is simple, rapid, and utilizes small amounts of polysaccharide antigen. PMID- 38285 TI - The role of enzymatic coupling of drugs to proteins in induction of drug specific antibodies. AB - Isoniazid and hydralazine were covalently crosslinked by epidermal transglutaminase to serum and cell nuclear proteins. Albumin and nucleohistones were excellent acceptors of these drugs in serum and nuclear extracts, respectively. Drug-albumin and drug-histone conjugates were highly antigenic in rabbits within 4 weeks, eliciting drug-specific antibodies in all immunized animals. A radioimmunoassay for antibodies to isoniazid were developed, using a standard drug-albumin conjugate. The methods described here of enzymatic crosslinking of drugs to proteins facilitate studies of drug-induced hypersensitivity in animals and man. PMID- 38286 TI - [Sessions of the 76th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine. Abstracts]. PMID- 38287 TI - [A case of allergic granulomatous angitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 38288 TI - Rabies pathogenesis and diagnosis. PMID- 38289 TI - Allergic encephalitis, rabies antibodies, and the blood/brain barrier. AB - Similarity of the syndromes of rabies and of encephalomyelitis resulting from rabies vaccination poses a problem in differential diagnosis that has had tragic consequences. That difficulty may also be largely responsible for the traditional belief that rabies is inexorably fatal, in that recovery from paralysis is interpreted as evidence that the disease was postvaccinal encephalomyelitis rather than rabies. Diagnosis is additionally complicated by presence of rabies antibodies in serum in both conditions. However, we have found that rabies antibodies elicited by vaccination do not pass the blood/brain barrier to enter the fluids of the CNS in EAE, the experimental counterpart of postvaccinal encephalomyelitis; whereas antibodies are present in high titer as a result of production in situ after recovery from rabies. Therefore a ratio of antibody concentrations of greater than 1:10 in CSF and serum indicates chronic rabies or recovery from that disease. PMID- 38290 TI - Synthesis of four endogenous pyrogens by rabbit macrophages. PMID- 38291 TI - Influence of diet and metabolism on urinary acid excretion in the rat and the rabbit. AB - Rabbits normally excrete an alkaline urine, whereas rat urine is usually acidic. This study was designed to determine whether this difference was attributable to the composition of the diet or to specific metabolism of the species. Balance studies were performed in rabbits and rats with comparable growth rates who were consuming standard laboratory feed. The diets for both species had an excess of fixed cations over anions. Rats fed Rat Chow excreted urine containing net acid, whereas rabbits fed the same diet excreted urine containing net base. Rabbits eating Rabbit Chow excreted a very alkaline urine, but rats eating the same diet excreted much less alkali when expressed per kilogram of body weight. Balance studies demonstrated that rabbits absorbed a much higher proportion of dietary organic anions and excreted a larger fraction of this as total CO2. Collecting duct hydrogen ion secretion and ammonium excretion, which are normally low in the rabbit during metabolic acidosis, were not increased when Rat Chow was consumed by rabbits for 2 weeks. In summary, feeding identical diets to rabbits or rats led to vastly different values for NAE. There appeared to be a gastrointestinal difference, as judged by the quantity of absorbed organic anions, as well as a metabolic difference reflected in the very different ratios of urinary total CO2 to organic anion. PMID- 38292 TI - Immobilization of actin and myosin. AB - Using glutaric dialdehyde, the muscle proteins myosin, actin, actomyosin and heavy meromyosin subfragment-1 (S-1) have been immobilized on capron fibers. The ATPase activity of myosin and its capability to interact with actin have been preserved whereas the ATPase activity of its subfragment decreased significnatly. Immobilization on capron fibers changes the pH dependence of the ATPase activity of myosin and of S-1 shifting the maximum towards the acid zone (pH 5.5) and increases the thermal stability of the enzyme. Calcium ions produce a stimulatory effect on ATPase; Mg2+ions yield no effect on myosin and S-1 but enhance the activity in the case of immobilized actomyosin though to a lesser degree than the ions of Ca2+. Immobilized actin retains its ability to form actomyosin complex. PMID- 38293 TI - The twenty-fourth symposium of the Japanese Society of Electron Microscopy held at Yokohama-shi Kyoiku Bunka Senta, Yokohama, Japan. November 15--16, 1978. PMID- 38294 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 1978 Kyushu regional scientific meeting of the Japanese Society of Electron Micros copy held at Yamaguchi University, Dec. 9 -10, 1978. PMID- 38295 TI - Dissolution of rabbit zona by sperm acrosomal extract: effect of calcium (1). AB - The acrosomal extracts from rabbit spermatozoa were more effective in dissolving the zona pellucida of the rabbit ova in the absence than in the presence of Ca2+. The extracts had high proteolytic activity but low esterolytic activity at alkaline pH in which pH effective zona hydrolysis occurred. The results suggest that acrosomal proteinases in addition to acrosin may be involved in the zona penetration. PMID- 38296 TI - The pineal gland. Proceedings of the International Symposium. Jerusalem, November 14--17, 1977. PMID- 38297 TI - Feedback control of pineal function by reproductive hormones--a neuroendocrine paradigm. AB - Secretions from the pineal gland participate in the control of reproductive function. In turn gonadal steroids, gonadotrophins and prolactin modify pineal metabolic activity and change the rate of synthesis of pineal hormones. The article reviews the major observations made regarding the pineal gland and its innervating neurons as target tissues for reproductive steroid and hypophyseal hormones. PMID- 38298 TI - The pineal gland. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Jerusalem, November 14--17, 1977. PMID- 38299 TI - Studies on the control of pineal indole synthesis: cyclic nucleotides, adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase. AB - An overview of the biochemical events that occur when postsynaptic pineal beta adrenergic receptors are stimulated is presented. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the adenylate cyclase system for the induction of N acetyltransferase (NAT). Super- and subsensitive responses of NAT to receptor agonists are related to cAMP concentration, adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities and receptor binding sites. PMID- 38300 TI - Primitive nervous systems: action of aminergic drugs and blocking agents on activity in the ventral nerve cord of the flatworm Notoplana acticola. AB - Electrically evoked activity in the submuscular ventral longitudinal nerve cords of Notoplana acticola is depressed by GABA and glycine in the presence of high magnesium concentrations. This inhibition occurs with 0.001--0.01 millimolar concentrations of these putative aminergic neurotransmitters and is reversible when washed out. The action of GABA and glycine was reversed nonspecifically by picrotoxin, bicuculline, and strychnine. PTZ (Pentylenetetrazole) was shown to mimic the effects that these blocking agents had on evoked activity when they were tested alone. The release of inhibition by these blocking agents is similar to that of decerebration. Three possible mechanisms responsible for synaptic activity in high Mg2+ concentrations are discussed and the possibility that the effector site of interaction may be the chloride ionophore is explored. PMID- 38301 TI - Copper(I) complexes of penicillamine and glutathione. AB - Equilibrium analysis of a model system for the in vivo reactions between penicillamine and Cu(I), the penicillamine-glutathione-Cu(I) system, indicates that in a certain concentration range the use of penicillamine as a drug will not disturb the normal Cu(I) metabolism. The equilibrium data required for this analysis were obtained by emf titrations on the Cu(I)-glutathione (H3A) and the Cu(I)-pencillamine (H2A) systems at 25 degrees C. in 0.5 M NaClO4 medium, using glass and copper amalgam electrodes; the data were analyzed first by various graphical methods and then by a general least squares computer program. The results show that mononuclear Cu(I) species Cu(HA)2 form in both systems with stability constants log beta 122 of 38.8 (glutathione) and 39.18 (penicillamine); in addition, the polynuclear Cu5A43- species forms in the penicillamine system and the mononuclear CuHA- species might form in the glutathione system. The results are discussed in relation to the therapeutic use of penicillamine as well as in relation to the toxic action of copper on living cells. PMID- 38302 TI - Ribonuclease activities in various classes of nuclei from bovine cerebrum. PMID- 38303 TI - Effect of thiamine deficiency on levels of putative amino acid transmitters in affected regions of the rat brain. PMID- 38304 TI - [The impact of the long-acting major tranquilizer on psychotic patients, and psychiatric nursing]. PMID- 38305 TI - Presentation of the Hattie Hemschemeyer Award: 24th Annual Meeting of the American College of Nurse-Midwives May 3, 1979 (Ernestine Wiedenbach). PMID- 38306 TI - Blood flow and permeability changes in the immune lymphocyte transfer reaction. AB - Blood flow (133Xe clearance) and plasma exudation ([133I]HSA) have been measured in the immune lymphocyte transfer (ILT) reaction and skin grafts in rabbits. Injection of sensitised lymphocytes produced a dose-related increase in plasma exudation and blood flow at 48 hr, reached a maximum at day 3 and faded from day 5 to 8. There was an increased blood flow and plasma exudation on day 4 after grafting autografts and homografts, but the increase in plasma exudation was significantly higher in homografts. In the ILT reaction (48 hr) and the homografts (4 days) but not in autografts, prostaglandin synthetase inhibition caused a significant reduction in the increased blood flow, but did not abolish it nor did they affect the increased plasma exudation. It is concluded that the ILT reaction is a suitable model for the study of mediators of the vascular effects of the early phase of the skin graft reaction. The present experiments suggest that the vasodilatation is partly due to prostaglandin formation, but part of the vasodilatation and all the plasma exudation are mediated by substances other than prostaglandins. PMID- 38307 TI - Clinical investigations concerning the use of Ethrane for Cesarean section. PMID- 38308 TI - The predominant cultivable microbiota of the periodontal abscess. PMID- 38309 TI - The influence of binder concentration on the bond formation of pharmaceutical granules. AB - The formation of particle mucilage bonds with dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and starch mucilage binder reduces the B.E.T. nitrogen adsorption surface are from 196 to 0.96 m2 g-1. The maximum reduction (40%) of granule surface area at a binder concentration of 10% w/w corresponded to similar optima in friability, compressability and median granule size. Surface and pore-void structural analysis by mercury intrusion could not discriminate between pore-void sizes in the range 0.5-100 nm. Nitrogen adsorption measurements showed, however, that the microporous surface area decreased from 0.3 to 0.18 m2 g-1 as binder surface coverage increased over the concentration range 2 to 20% w/w starch mucilage. PMID- 38310 TI - Sources of variation during collaborative evaluation of in vitro dissolution tests for two solid preparations. AB - Collaborative in vitro dissolution tests on a sample of commercial tolbutamide tablets and a sample of oxytetracycline capsules were carried out in eight laboratories. The two preparations tested showed differences between the products in release characteristics, particularly in the distintegration phase. This may have caused the difference in the pattern of variance in the two trials. In the case of tolbutamine tablets the value of the repeatability standard deviation was small, and therefore the major contribution to the variance was in the difference between laboratories. With oxytetracycline capsules the major contribution of the variance lies in the random errors common to all laboratories (i.e. the within laboratory variance). One major source of inter-laboratory viance was identified as the level of vibration at the side of the dissolution flask. Another source of variation was found to be due to using a stated extinction coefficient instead of comparing the absorbances of the samples to those of a solution of a reference substance. PMID- 38311 TI - Isolation and identification of a fluorophore from ampicillin degradation. AB - A fluorescent impurity in ampicillin has been isolated and identified as 2 hydroxy-3-phenylpyrazine. The product is formed under acidic conditions similar to those employed in some fluorometric assay procedures. The mechanism of the reaction is proposed to involve cyclization by condensation of the penilloaldehyde of ampicillin. The structure was confirmed by independent synthesis. PMID- 38312 TI - The detection of enzyme induction by rat liver microsomes prepared by isoelectric precipitation. AB - A comparison was made of various indices of the hepatic drug-metabolizing apparatus associated with the postmitochondrial superntant, microsomes harvested by differential centrifugation, and microsomes harvested by isoelectric precipitation from control, phenobarbitone-pretreated and 3-methylcholanthrene pretreated rats. The metabolic capabilities and distinctions between control and induced rats for each of the three liver preparations compared favourably as determined by the concentration of cytochrome b5 and P-450 and by the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine N-demethylase and aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[a]pyrene) hydroxylase. The results suggest that the relatively simple isoelectric precipitation technique is a useful alternative to the conventional method of differential centrifugation for the preparation of hepatic microsomes. PMID- 38313 TI - A radioreceptor assay for benzodiazepines. AB - A simple, rapid and sensitive radioreceptor assay for determining benzodiazepines in serum is based on the displacement by the drug of specific [3H]diazepam binding to a membrane fraction from rat brain. The limit of detection of the more active benzodiazepines is about 0.5 ng. Diazepam, nitrazepam, clobazam and HR 458 have been assayed in human serum after a single oral clinical dose. The results can be used for determining pharmacokinetic parameters. The technique measures not only the parent benzodiazepine but also clinically active metabolites. PMID- 38314 TI - Determination of erythrocyte membrane-buffer partition coefficients by numerical analysis of multicomponent spectra. AB - A method suitable for the measurement of erythrocyte membrane-buffer partition coefficients by u.v.-spectrophotometry is described. This method is characterized by a proper correction for inconstant background absorption in case of bad signal to noise ratios. For this purpose the multicomponent u.v.-spectrum of a compound in the presence of absorbing materials lost by erythrocyte membranes is decomposed into its constituent spectra by means of numerical analysis. Application of this method to the determination of partition coefficients of benzhydrol, 4-bromophenol and benzyl alcohol yields satisfactory agreement with literature values for the latter two coefficients. PMID- 38315 TI - Analysis of the contractile effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on the isolated posterior communicating artery of the cat. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced dose-dependent increases in tension on the isolated posterior communicating artery (PCA) of the cat were significantly antagonized by lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD, 6 X 10(-9). In the presence of the phentolamine (10(-6) M) the contraction induced by the two lowest doses of 5 HT was significantly reduced. Pretreatment of the animals with reserpine (3 mg kg 1, i.p., total dose) did not modify the dose-response curve to 5-HT except for the lowest dose. Removal of both superior cervical sympathetic ganglia 15 days before the experiment brought about a significant increase in the vasoconstriction induced by 5-HT at all the doses compared with the control. Cocaine (10(-6) M) induced a significant shift to the left of the dose-response curve to 5-HT but the maximum response was the same as in the control. The augmented response to 5-HT after denervation was partially antagonized by LSD (6 X 10(-9) M) but not by phentolamine (10(-6) M). These results show that the vasoconstriction elicited by 5-HT in the PCA of the cat is mainly due to direct stimulation of tryptaminergic receptors. The participation of an indirect adrenergic component in the contractile effects of 5-HT seems to be negligible. PMID- 38316 TI - An in vitro study of the effects of calcium on the cardiovascular actions of thiopentone, althesin and ketamine in the rat. AB - The actions of three intravenous anaesthetics, Althesin, thiopentone and ketamine have been compared on the rat isolated atria and portal vein. Although the three anaesthetics had grossly similar actions on the two preparations. i.e. depression of atrial rate and depression of the amplitude of myogenic activity in the portal vein, there were enough differences to suggest that they produced their effects by different mechanisms. These differences were particularly obvious in interactions with noradrenaline and the effects of changes in calcium ion concentration on the concentration effect relationships for the agents on the atria and portal vein. Generally Althesin was unaffected by changes, but in qualitatively different ways. PMID- 38317 TI - Role of taurine as a possible transmitter in the thermoregulatory pathways of the rat. AB - Taurine (10 and 20 micrograms) injected unilaterally into the lateral ventricle of rats caused an increase in core temperature. Bilateral injection of taurine 2.5 and 5 micrograms into the preoptic region of the anterior hypothalamus induced a dose-related hyperthermia: higher doses (10 micrograms) caused hypothermia. Intrahypothalamically taurine-induced hyperthermia was blocked by prior injection of strychnine hydrochloride (5 and 15 micrograms); doses which alone had no effect on core temperature. Of the other inhibitory amino acids injected intrahypothalamically hypotaurine also induced a hyperthermia. GABA (10 micrograms) caused hypothermia; glycine (10 micrograms) had no effect. Potassium (50 mM) stimulated release of radioactivity from superfused slices of anterior hypothalamus prelabelled with [3H]taurine in a calcium-dependent manner. A high affinity uptake mechanism with a Km of 8.5 microM was demonstrated with [3H]taurine into slices of anterior hypothalamus. Taurine may have a neurotransmitter role in the anterior hypothalamus but whether the body temperature effects represent physiological or pharmacological events remains to be established. PMID- 38319 TI - Surface roughness measurements on both uncoated and film-coated tablets. PMID- 38318 TI - A comparison of three methods of mounting a linear variable displacement transducer on an instrumented tablet machine. PMID- 38320 TI - Solute migration in a lactose based granulate dried by fluidization and in a fixed bed. PMID- 38321 TI - Disappearing N-hydroxy compounds. PMID- 38322 TI - Differential effects of (3,4-dihydroxyphenylamino)-2-imidazoline (DPI) on hyperactivity responses to dopamine agonists injected in the nucleus accumbens. PMID- 38323 TI - On the disintegration of hard gelatin capsules in fasting volunteers using a profile scanning technique. PMID- 38324 TI - Are there opiate receptors in the invertebrates? PMID- 38325 TI - The anticonvulsant action of the (-)- and (+)-enantiomers of propranolol. PMID- 38326 TI - Haemodynamic effects of systemic administration of clonidine in the anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 38327 TI - Reduction in vivo of uterine responses to bradykinin by indomethacin in the rat. PMID- 38328 TI - The antiarrhythmic activities of 6'-hydroxycinchonine, 6'-benzyloxycinchonine and 6'-allyloxycinchonine compared with quinidine in mice. PMID- 38329 TI - Differential effect of the enantiomers of phenprocoumon and warfarin on the vitamin K1-epoxide/vitamin K1 ratio in rat plasma. PMID- 38330 TI - Relative bioavailability of prednisone and prednisolone in man. PMID- 38331 TI - NN-Dialkyl derivatives of 2-amino-5,6-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene as selective agonists at presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors in the rat. PMID- 38332 TI - Effects of external calcium concentration and pH on charge movement in frog skeletal muscle. AB - 1. The effects of both external Ca2+ (1.8, 25, 50 and 100 mM) and external pH (pH 5.5, 7.15, and 9.0) on the voltage-dependence of charge movement in frog skeletal muscle were examined using the three intracellular micro-electrode voltage-clamp technique. 2. The two-state model of Schneider & Chandler (1973) was used to describe the voltage distribution of membrane charge. The parameters of this model are: Qmax, the maximum quantity of charge; V, the potential of equal distribution of charge; and k, a constant relating to the steepness of the charge vs. voltage relationship. 3. In 1.8 mM external Ca2+, alterations, in external pH shifted the transition potential, V, from a mean +/- S.E. of mean of -36.5 +/- 0.9 mV at pH 7.15 to -25.8 +/- 1.3 mV at pH 5.5 and to -42.5 +/- 1.8 mV at pH 9.0. These shifts are consistent with surface charge theory. No significant changes in Qmax or k were observed over the range of pH 5.5--9.0. 4. A reasonable fit of surface charge theory to the shifts in V over the range pH 5.5--9.0 could be obtained with surface charge densities and binding constants: sigma 1 = -1 e/165 A2, pK1 = 3.9 and sigma 2 = -1 e/400 A2, pK2 = 8. 5. However, at pH 7.15, both V and k changed with increasing external Ca2+ concentration. V shifted from 34.9 +/- 3.7 mV in 1.8 mM-Ca2+ to -13.8 +/- 5.1 mV, -19.3 +/- 3.6 mV and 3.3 +/- 9.3 mV in 25, 50 and 100 mM-Ca2+ respectively. k increased from 8.3 +/- 0.6 mV in 1.8 mM-Ca2+ to 15.3 +/- 1.4 mV, 14.6 +/- 1.6 mV and 20.0 +/- 2.9 mV in 25, 50 and 100 mM-Ca2+. Changes in k reflect decreases in the apparent charged particle valence from approximately 3 in 1.8 mM-Ca2+ to approximately 1.2 in 100 mM-Ca2+. As the external Ca2+ concentration was raised, Qmax was at least as large as that measured in 1.8 mM-Ca2+. The 43% decrease in the apparent valence of the charged groups cannot be explained by simple surface charge theory and may reflect a specific interaction between external Ca2+ and the charged groups. 6. Shifts in V with alterations in external pH and Ca2+ concentration are consistent with the effects of these agents on the contraction threshold of muscle fibres. This observation lends further support to the hypothesis that the charge movement is involved in gating muscle contraction and that the charged particles respond to changes in the electric field across the muscle cell membrane. 7. No difference was observed in the charge movement parameters of fibres from both room temperature and cold-adapted frog tested at 2--5 degrees C in 1.8 mM-Ca2+ at pH 7.15. PMID- 38333 TI - Dependence of phrenic motoneurone output on the oscillatory component of arterial blood gas composition. AB - 1. The hypothesis that respiratory oscillations of arterial blood gas composition influence ventilation has been examined. 2. Phrenic motoneurone output recorded in the C5 root of the left phrenic nerve and the respiratory oscillations of arterial pH in the right common carotid artery were measured in vagotomized anaesthetized dogs which had been paralysed and artificially ventilated. 3. The effect of a change in tidal volume for one or two breaths on phrenic motoneurone output was measured with the inspiratory pump set at a constant frequency similar to, and in phase with, the animal's own respiratory frequency. A reduction of tidal volume to zero or an increase by 30% led to a corresponding change of mean carotid artery pH level. The changes of carotid artery pH resulted in a change of phrenic motoneurone output, predominantly of expiratory time (Te) but to a lesser extent of inspiratory time (T1) and also peak amplitude of 'integrated' phrenic motoneurone output (Phr). Denervation of the carotid bifurcation blocked this response. 4. The onset of movement of the inspiratory pump was triggered by the onset of phrenic motoneurone output. When a time delay was interposed between them, the phase relationship between respiratory oscillations of arterial pH and phrenic motoneurone output altered. The dominant effect was to alter Te; smaller and less consistent changes of Phr and T1 were observed. 5. When the inspiratory pump was maintained at a constant frequency but independent of and slightly different from the animal's own respiratory frequency (as judged by phrenic motoneurone output), the phase relationship between phrenic motoneurone output and the respiratory oscillations of pH changed breath by breath over a sequence of 100-200 breaths, without change of the mean level of arterial blood gas composition. Te varied by up to 30% about its mean value depending on the phase relationship. Ti and Phr were also dependent on the phase relationship but varied to a lesser extent. The changes were comparable to the results obtained in paragraph 4. 6. It was concluded that phrenic motoneurone output is dependent in part on its relationship to the respiratory oscillations of arterial blood gas composition. 7. Information concerning a transient ventilatory disturbance is stored in the arterial blood in the form of an altered pattern of the respiratory oscillations of blood gas composition; this in turn can change breathing by an effect on the carotid bodies. PMID- 38334 TI - Hypothalamic receptors influencing the secretion of corticotrophin releasing hormone in the rat. AB - 1. The production of corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) by the rat hypothalamus in vitro was studied in the presence and absence of various neurotransmitter substances and drugs which mimic or antagonize their actions.2. Acetylcholine, nicotine and bethanechol increased, in a dose-related manner, hypothalamic CRH release and content but the maximal responses to bethanechol or nicotine were less than those to acetylcholine.3. The actions of acetylcholine were antagonized by atropine, pempidine and hexamethonium but were completely inhibited only when atropine and pempidine were given together. The effects of nicotine were abolished by pempidine but not by atropine while those of bethanechol were abolished by atropine but not by pempidine.4. Acetylcholine induced hypothalamic CRH activity was also antagonized by cyproheptadine but not by methysergide.5. 5-Hydroxytryptamine caused dose-related increases in hypothalamic CRH release and content. Its effects were antagonized by cyproheptadine and methysergide but not by atropine, pempidine or hexamethonium.6. Acetylcholine-induced increases in hypothalamic CRH production were reduced by GABA, noradrenaline, adrenaline, methoxamine and phenylephrine but not by isoprenaline. The actions of GABA were antagonized by bicuculline and those of noradrenaline by phentolamine but not by atenolol.7. The results suggest the presence of nicotinic and muscarinic cholinoceptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, alpha-adrenoceptors and GABA-receptors within the hypothalamus all of which may be important in the control of CRH secretion. PMID- 38335 TI - Correlations between variations of electrical field at the body surface and contractions of the stomach in guinea pig. AB - 1. The slow potentiel changes of the base line of the electrocardiogram recorded by cutaneous electrodes, here called EGEG (electrogastroenterogram) have been recorded simultaneously with the electromyogram and pressure variations of the stomach antrum. 2. Periodic fluctuations of EGEG, 400 microV amplitude, were correlated with activities of the antrum EMG consisting of 3 to 6 mV spikes superimposed on slow wave of depolarization, and with gastric intraluminal pressure of 5 to 7 cm of water. 3. An anticholinergic drug abolished all those activities. A gastric contracture flattened the EGEG. 4. Rhythmic distensions of the antrum induced a synchronous modulation of EGEG, the magnitude of which was correlated with the amplitude of distension. These result suggest that the origin of EGEG is essentially the movements of stomach. PMID- 38336 TI - Fractionation and characterization of cystine aminopeptidase (oxytocinase) and arylamidase of the human placenta. AB - Three activity peaks hydrolysing L-cystine-di-beta-naphthylamide (CysNA) and two activities hydrolysing L-leucine-beta-naphthylamide (LeuNA) were separated by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B from human placental tissue. The enzyme activities in the void volume and the solubilized enzyme activities with both substrates apparently are bound and free forms of the same enzymes (I) since detergent treatment caused a total disappearance of the activities in the void volume. The second distinct enzyme (II) was highly soluble and detected only with CysNA. The particle-bound enzyme(s) had a pH optimum at 6.5 with CysNA and at about 7.5 with LeuNA. They were highly sensitive to EDTA, could be reactivated by Co2+ and Zn2+ and were more sensitive to Ni2+ and L-methionine than the soluble enzyme II. The former enzyme(s) tolerated thermal treatment better than the soluble enzyme II. The solubilized free enzyme(s) I had a molecular weight of about 309,000. The soluble enzyme II was resistant to EDTA. Its optimum was at pH 6.0 and an estimate of 76,000 for the molecular weight was obtained. PMID- 38337 TI - Comparative aspects of reproduction in Chiroptera. Proceedings of a symposium in honour of Professor William A. Wimsatt, Albuquerque, August 1978. PMID- 38338 TI - In-vitro differentiation of type A spermatogonia in mouse cryptorchid testis. AB - Cryptorchid testes from adult mice were incubated in calf serum-supplemented medium. There was an effective differentiation of adult type A spermatogonia up to the pachytene stage of meiotid division whcih resembled the process of spermatogenesis in vivo. In the absence of calf serum, type A spermatogonia did not differentiate at all. They differentiated when the serum was present for the first day, but was absent for the rest of cultivation. These results indicate that serum is necessary for only the early process of spermatogenesis from type A spermatogonia in vitro and not for the further processes of germ cell differentiation. Type A spermatogonia cultured in serum-free medium retained the ability to differentiate for at least 3 days. PMID- 38340 TI - Proceedings of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. The 138th meeting of the Society was held at Charing Cross Hospital Medical School on 3, 4 and 5 January 1979. PMID- 38339 TI - Familial polyposis coli: heterogeneous polyp expression in 2 kindreds. AB - We describe 2 extended kindreds supposedly manifesting familial multiple adenomatous polyposis coli (FPC), but which show marked heterogeneity in the phenotypic expression of colorectal adenomatous polyps. In one family, 2 individuals had diffuse polyposis at very early ages (7 and 10 years), while 6 others (aged 23 to 72 years) had solitary polyps only. Of the patients with solitary polyps, 2 had associated colonic malignancies (ages 26 and 35), while another had a prophylactic colectomy performed at age 46. In the second family, 5 of the 11 patients with evidence of polyps showed the classical presentation of FPC, while the remainder showed marked phenotypic variation. The marked variability in frequency and location of colon polyps points to the need to reassess our traditional criteria for diagnosis of FPC. The high risk of early onset colon cancer in patients from these families who have the most minimal manifestation, namely isolated polyps, recommends more careful scrutiny of supposedly unaffected members of all FPC kindreds. PMID- 38341 TI - Characterisation and neutralisation of Aeromonas hydrophila enterotoxin in the rabbit ileal-loop model. AB - Cell-free culture filtrates and crude enterotoxin preparations from six strains of Aeromonas hydrophila caused the accumulation of fluid in rabbit ileal loops. This activity was due to a non-dialysable, heat and acid-labile antigenic protein and was lost when culture filtrates and crude enterotoxin preparations were heated at 60 degrees C for 20 min. or 56 degrees C for 30 min. respectively. Maximum activity was observed at pH 8.0-10.0; there was a gradual loss at lower pH and activity was abolished in culture filtrates held at pH 3.0 and crude enterotoxin preparations held at pH 4.0. Titration of the crude enterotoxin preparations in rabbit ileal loops showed that the ED50 (equivalent to 1 unit of toxin) was contained in 25 microgram of protein; a logarithmic plot of the neutralisation coefficients against antiserum concentrations showed that one unit of antitoxin was contained in 42 x 10(-4) ml of the antiserum. PMID- 38342 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance of labile protons in the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 38343 TI - Kinetics of the exchange of individual amide protons in the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 38344 TI - Influence of immune status on virus-derived transplantable hepatoma in chickens. AB - The transplantable MC-29 virus-derived hepatoma is a suitable model for studying the influence of immune status on virus-derived hepatomas in chickens. It was found that both humoral and cellular immunologic reactions have a role in the pathogenesis of virus-derived hepatomas and that virus-derived hepatomas can be influenced by nonspecific immunostimulation. The lymphoid system was profoundly altered in hepatoma-bearing chickens; this cannot be neglected when studying correlations between immune reactions and carcinogenesis. Profound changes were also observed in protein synthesis and the steroid receptor system of hepatoma bearing chickens compared to healthy birds; this also complicates the understanding of the role of immune mechanisms in carcinogenesis. PMID- 38345 TI - Effects of excitatory and inhibitory amino acids on phasic respiratory neurons. AB - The responsiveness of phasically active brainstem respiratory neurons to several amino acids was investigated in cats under Dial anesthesia. Four-barreled microelectrodes were used to extrude iontophoretically the putative neurotransmitters L-glutamate, L-asparatate, glycine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), L-glutamate and L-aspartate caused increased activity when applied to either inspiratory or expiratory neurons and appeared to be equal in efficacy. Likewise, GABA and glycine depressed ongoing phasic neural activity of both inspiratory and expiratory units. In this case, however, the dosage of GABA required to produce a given depression was significantly less than the required dosage of glycine. These findings support the hypothesis that L-glutamate and/or L-aspartate may act as excitatory neurotransmitter agents at the synapses of brainstem respiratory neurons and conversely, GABA may act as the natural inhibitory neurotransmitter. PMID- 38347 TI - American Medical Association. Members of the House of Delegates, by states and medical specialties; officials of the association, 1979-80; councils of the AMA; reference committees, 1979. Honolulu, Dec 2-5, 1979. PMID- 38346 TI - Further observation on the denervation supersensitivity of the urethra in patients with chronic neurogenic bladders. AB - The response of the urethra in patients with chronic neurogenic bladders to autonomic stimulation was investigated by urethral pressure profile. A consistent supersensitivity to alpha-adrenergic stimulation was documented. Experiments with various autonomic blocking drugs confirmed that this response is alpha adrenergically mediated via the short neuron system. The results appear to offer pharmacological evidence for the recently evolving intricate innervation pattern of the urethra including its distal portion, where the alpha-adrenergic system is believed to be important. PMID- 38348 TI - Proceedings of the III. Conference on Prevention for Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease. January 14, 1978, Tower Hotel, Kyoto. PMID- 38349 TI - [Biochemical examination of cerebrospinal fluid--an attempt to multienzyme analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 38350 TI - [A case of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome associated with multiple endocrine adenomatosis (Type I)--special reference to treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome with cimetidine (author's transl)]. PMID- 38351 TI - [Pathology of the vitamin E--especially about the connection with the aging process (author's transl)]. PMID- 38352 TI - [A case of aortitis syndrome with focal glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 38353 TI - [Nursing schools and the life of nursing students in Denmark: participation in the Danish nursing seminar for the Tokai University School of Nursing]. PMID- 38354 TI - Perfusion techniques of the canine pancreas for physiological and secretin response studies. AB - In vivo and in situ perfusion techniques of the canine pancreas for physiologic and secretin response to studies are described. We developed these modified techniques to clarify the mechanism of the pancreatic exocrine secretion. An analysis was made of some physiological parameters of the pancreas and our findings were compared with those obtained in secretin stimulation of the pancreas. The composition of secretin induced venous effluent and pancreatic juice was investigated. A decrease of pH, pO2 and (HCO-3) in the venous blood and a temporary efflux of K+ from the cell to the perfusate were observed after secretin stimulation. A temporary decrease of perfusion pressure was observed after secretin stimulation and the change is thought to be due to vascular dilatation. Ultrastructural findings from the pancreas perfused for about 1 hour showed no prominent changes. PMID- 38355 TI - [The Japanese Nursing Association: observations on the organization of the Association, finishing the general meeting]. PMID- 38356 TI - [The common general meeting of the Japanese Nursing Association for the year 1979]. PMID- 38357 TI - First National Conference on Nursing Leadership in Rural Health. PMID- 38358 TI - [Vaccination complications following triple vaccination]. PMID- 38359 TI - [The sympathetic neuron: regulation mechanisms for transmitter synthesis, transmitter release, and stimulus response (author's transl)]. AB - A great multitude of factors acting at different sites of the afferent sympathetic nerve are capable to modify the magnitude of its stimulus-induced effects. 1) Specific receptors, located at the ganglionic synapse display inhibitory of facilitatory effects on the ganglionic transmission of the nerve impulse. 2) The rate of synthesis of the neurotransmitter noradrenalin is regulated at the level of the tyrosine hydroxylase. Transsynaptic mechanisms adapt the rate of synthesis of noradrenalin to nerve activity and transmitter release. 3) The amount of transmitter released per nerve impulse is controlled by a variety of receptors located presumably presynaptically at neuronal sites. Inhibitory and facilitatory "auto"-receptors stimulated by the released transmitter itself represent a local feed-back control. Similarly receptors for transmitters of cholinergic or serotoninergic neurons as well as autacoid hormones are involved in the local control of noradrenalin release. In addition, kinines, prostaglandins, or compounds like adenosine, some of them released from the target cells by the sympathetic stimuli or delivered by the blood stream are involved in the modulation of stimulus-evoked noradrenalin release. 4) Stimulus responses of the target cells can be modulated by similar mechanisms. PMID- 38361 TI - [Partnership in the hospital. Nursing symposium in Ulm]. PMID- 38360 TI - [Biochemical effects of psychotropic drugs in central nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - Studies on the biochemical effects of clinically used psychotropic drugs in brain have shown that they all exert their action by a direct or indirect interference with synaptic transmission. Thus, animal studies in vivo and in vitro have shown that the clinical efficacy of antipsychotic drugs correlates with their inhibitory action on dopamine receptors. In vivo these compounds enhance dopamine turnover in the brain and in vitro they inhibit the dopamine sensitive adenylate cyclase and the binding of dopamine to its receptor at neuronal membranes. Tricyclic antidepressants are drugs which have effects on many transmitter systems. No specific biochemical action has been found which is closely correlated with their clinical potency. However, it appears that a stimulation of the function of the noradrenergic system might have some clinical relevance. Benzodiazepines exert their pharmacological activity in the CNS by interacting with a brain specific receptor. This receptor appears to be part of a larger complex including a GABA receptor and the chloride conductance mechanism associated with the GABA receptor. By binding to their receptor, benzodiazepines appear to enhance the sensitivity of the GABA receptor, thus indirectly potentiating GABA-ergic neurotransmission in the brain. PMID- 38362 TI - Biosynthesis and transformation of 20 alpha, 21-dihydroxycholesterol by rat adrenal preparations. PMID- 38363 TI - Subcellular distribution and properties of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in pregnant rabbit uterus. PMID- 38364 TI - Intramyocardial pH as an index of myocardial metabolism during cardiac surgery. AB - At present, a practical method for continuous monitoring of the state of tissue metabolism in the individual patient's heart during cardiac operations is not available. We have explored the use of miniature electrode measurements of myocardial interstitial pH to provide this monitoring capability, making comparisons with intracellular pH in left ventricular biopsy specimens and with tissue PCO2 measured by mass spectrometry. The electrode system consisted of a hydrogen ion-sensitive glass miniature electrode, housed in the beveled end of a 21 gauge (0.8 mm diameter) hypodermic needle, and a 2 mm diameter reference electrode, with an internal silver-silver chloride electrode coupled to tissue through a saline bridge (150 mM/L sodium chloride) saturated with silver chloride. Accuracy in blood at 37 degrees C was compared with conventional instrumentation (Radiometer BMS-3 MK-2 Blood Micro System) over a pH range of 7.4 to 6.4 with linear regression analysis (n = 26) revealing a high correlation (r = 0.997) and a mean difference in paired observations of only 0.01 +/- 0.004 (mean +/- SEM) pH units. In two groups of dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass, the pH needle and reference electrodes were inserted into the anterior wall of the left ventricle. Ischemic arrest of the heart at 37 degrees C was used to vary myocardial pH. In Group 1 (n = 8), intracellular pH was estimated from left ventricular biopsy specimens (400 mg each) taken over a microelectrode pH range of 7.37 to 6.37, snap frozen, and homogenized. In Group II (n = 6), tissue PCO2 in the anterior wall of the left ventricle was determined by mass spectrometry (sampling catheter 1.3 mm diameter). Miniaturized electrode (interstitial) pH exceeded biopsy (intracellular) pH under control conditions by 0.28 +/- 0.025 pH units (p less than 0.001), but below an electrode pH of 6.8 the results of the two techniques did not differ significantly. The tissue PCO2 rose from 69 +/- 2 mm Hg to a final plateau of 419 +/- 25 mm Hg, which was similar to the predicted value of 427 +/- 28 mm Hg calculated from the pH change (7.37 +/- 0.01 to 6.01 +/ 0.07), providing a further independent check on the pH electrode technique. These data indicate that our intramyocardial pH measurements do reflect intracellular metabolism during elective arrest of the heart and may have potential for clinical use. PMID- 38365 TI - Issues in behavior control: an exchange of views. I. PMID- 38366 TI - Issues in behavior control: an exchange of views. II. PMID- 38367 TI - The physician assistant in rural primary care practices: physician assistant activities and physician supervision at satellite and non-satellite practice sites. AB - Nineteen practice sites in Iowa were studied to determine the differences in the types of physician (MD) supervision the physician assistant (PA) received at work at satellite (separate from the major practice site of the supervising MD) and non-satellite practice sites. The MDs supervised PA functions in 12.9 per cent of the patients seen by the PAs at non-satellite and 15.9 per cent of patients they saw at satellite practice sites. All patients with presenting manifestations that suggested life-threatening conditions were seen by MDs at satellite and non satellite sites. The MD spent 9.2 minutes per patient at satellite clinics, compared to 4.4 minutes per patient at non-satellite clinics. PAs working at satellite sites appeared to receive as much supervision as PAs working at non satellite clinics. PMID- 38368 TI - Public attitudes toward some changes in the division of labor in medicine. AB - This study examined public attitudes toward the delegation of medical tasks to nonphysician health workers. Data were obtained in household interviews of a probability sample of the adult residents of Cuyahoga County, Ohio (N = 808). The proportions of the sample giving approval to care from nonphysicians varied widely among the 18 tasks on which opinions were elicited. The results of the public survey were compared to those from an earlier national survey of physicians. Physicians' responses paralleled the responses of the lay public regarding most tasks. However, with respect to regular checkups on babies and prenatal checkups, markedly higher proportions of the physicians than the public were willing to delegate to nonphysicians. The analysis indicated that public attitudes toward task delegation in medical practice do not bear strong relationships to social status indicators, political self-designations, or preceived health status. PMID- 38369 TI - [Current aspects of necrotizing vasculitis. Review of the main classifications]. PMID- 38370 TI - Report on visit to London and the International Confederation of Midwives' Congress in Israel. PMID- 38371 TI - Release of cholecystokinin peptides from a synaptosome-enriched fraction of rat cerebral cortex. PMID- 38372 TI - Change in the charactertistics of 3H-spiperone binding to rat striatal membranes after acute chlorpromazine administration: effects of buffer washing of membranes. PMID- 38373 TI - The study of magnesium supplement to stored blood for the preservation of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate in red cells. PMID- 38374 TI - [Heart rate and metabolic values in long-lasting automobile trips under beta receptor blockade (Bunitrolol)]. PMID- 38375 TI - [3rd Congress of the Polish Society of Occupational Medicine]. PMID- 38376 TI - Physiological studies on Phymatotrichum omnivorum. IX. Synthesis of indole acetic acid in vitro. AB - The cotton root rot fungus, Phymatotrichum omnivorum, synthesized indole acetic acid (IAA) in culture medium containing tryptophan as the only source of nitrogen. Synthesis of IAA was not affected by illumination, and maximum amounts of the auxin were produced at 30 days. The optimum hydrogen ion concentration and temperature for IAA production were 6.5 and 28 degrees C, respectively. Indole ethanol (IEA) was also detected in tryptophan media, primarily during the active growth of the organism. PMID- 38377 TI - [Balanced and unbalanced growth of periodic and continuous cultures of Candida utilis]. AB - The paper presents mathematically treated data published in literature about the specific growth rate mu and the economic coefficient Y in Candida utilis at the exponential growth phase, at the transient state in chemical from the limitation of growth with a source of carbon and energy to the inhibition with low pH values, and at the stationary state in chemostat. Both parameters show attenuated oscillations in the first two cases, but are constant in the third case. The oscillations of mu and Y are synchronous and their interrelationship is directly proportional. The values of Y may be negative since the cell weight can decrease though the cell still assimilates the substrate. The specific rate of substrate assimilation in oscillations remains constant. Proteins can by synthesized at two different rates while the growth rate is one and the same. PMID- 38378 TI - [Determination of the optimal growth conditions for microorganisms by using l4C bicarbonate]. AB - A technique of short-term experiments using 14C-bicarbonate has been proposed for rapid determination of the optimal conditions of growth of autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms. The technique is described and its advantages and limitations are discussed. PMID- 38379 TI - [Effect of KH2PO4 on Streptococcus lactis growth and nisin synthesis when the medium is kept at a constant pH]. AB - When the pH of the medium was maintained at the level of 6.6--6.8 and the content of KH2PO4 in it was decreased, the biosynthetic activity of Streptococcus lactis, strain MGU, became lower. The culture assimilated low quantities of phosphorus from KH2PO4 at a high concentration of this salt in the medium; presumably, the culture required large quantities of potassium ions. If the pH of the medium is maintained at a constant value, the fermentation can be stopped 21 hr after the beginning of cultivation of Str. lactis, strain MGU. PMID- 38380 TI - [Principle growth indices of a chemostat Candida utilis culture resistant to acid pH values]. AB - The kinetics of growth of the Candida utilis chemostat culture 1668-3-37 was studied in a synthetic medium with ethanol at different values of pH and temperature. Chemostat curves were obtained for the pH of the medium of 4.5 and 3.0 and the temperature of 32 degrees C. The following growth characteristics were determined: the maximal growth rate (mumax), the economical coefficient (Y), the substrate (saturation) constant (Ks), the rate of ethanol uptake (q), maintenance energy (m). The minimal amount of ethanol inhibiting the yeast growth was assayed in short-term experiments under periodic conditions with shaking. The value of mumax was 0.35 hr-1 when the yeast was cultivated at 32 degrees C and the pH 4.5, and 0.32 hr-1 at the pH 3.0. The value of Ks varied by an order of magnitude at different pH values when the chemostat culture was grown at D=0.2 hr 1: 36.0 mg/litre at the pH of 3.0 and 3.75 mg/litre at the pH of 4.5. The value of m was close to 0 at the pH of 4.5 and equaled 5--7 mg of ethanol per gram of dry biomass per hour at the pH of 3.0; it was still higher when the temperature of cultivation was increased to 38 degrees C. The minimal substrate (ethanol) concentration inhibiting the yeast growth was constant at different cultivation conditions (pH 3.0 or 4.5 and temperature 32 or 38 degrees C), being equal to 0.45% (v/v) of ethanol. PMID- 38381 TI - Biological autoxidation. I. Decontrolled iron: an ultimate carcinogen and toxicant: an hypothesis. AB - Ionic iron at physiological pH hydrolyzes into insoluble aggregates, which disperse on slight acidification. Uncontrolled ionic iron promotes autoxidation, which crosslinks biomolecules and produces destructive activated oxygen. Defenses against autoxidative crosslinking include: 1. ferritin, the macromolecular scavenger of iron; 2. metabolic turnover, which prevents irreversible crosslinking through early catabolic degradation and replacement; and 3. enzymatic deactivation of oxygen. I am proposing that the anticrosslinking defenses are defeated by transient actions of metabolic perturbations, toxicants, oxidants and "foreign bodies", which cause oxidative crosslinking of proteins and lipids into irreversible tissue imprint: indigestible bodies containing porous limited-access spaces (LASs). The pores exclude the macromolecular ferritin and the digestive and antiautoxidation enzymes but admit ionic iron which, sheltered from ferritin, accumulates into decontrolled-iron pathogen (DIP). DIP utilizes the energy of ambient pH fluctuations to erupt from the LAS, swamp the available ferritin, poison the surroundings, catalyze autoxidation and crosslink cell components into additional LAS carriers. With time and sufficient promotion by pH fluctuations or metal-complexing agents, DIP and LAS expand. DIP injures through heavy-metal inhibition of life processes and catalysis of autoxidation. Typically, carcinogenic initiators are protein denaturants, cell poisons, "foreign bodies" and autoxidation catalysts. These are DIP-initiating properties, and DIP may be a preneoplastic stage of carcinogenesis. A DIP-model interpretation is given for the growth of asbestos bodies. DIP is an inorganic parasite. It may envelope and attack phagocytized particles. PMID- 38382 TI - Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of a single oral 600-mg dose of doxycycline. AB - The pharmacokinetics of a single orally administered 600-mg dose of doxycycline (six 100-mg film-coated tablets) was studied in 18 healthy subjects. Plasma doxycycline levels remained above 1.35 mumol/L for 48 hours and compared favourably with the mean inhibitory concentrations of doxycycline against the common infecting organisms in chronic bronchitis. In a separate tolerability study in 37 healthy subjects, there was no significant difference between doxycycline and placebo in the incidence of adverse effects. PMID- 38383 TI - Ventricular tachycardia in a patient on dehydroemetine and chloroquine for amoebic liver abscess. AB - A case of ventricular tachycardia in patient who was being treated with dehydroemetine and chloroquine for amoebic liver abscess is reported. The patient had 15 episodes of this arrhythmia. The hazard of using dehydroemetine and chloroquine in conventional doses, even sequentially, is emphasized. PMID- 38384 TI - [Lactate acidosis]. PMID- 38385 TI - [15 years of therapy with beta-receptor blockers. Tendency for differentiation]. PMID- 38386 TI - [Acid-base balance]. PMID- 38387 TI - Ipecac syrup and activated charcoal for treatment of poisoning in children. PMID- 38388 TI - [Anatomical, functional, clinical and therapeutic aspects of syndromes involving urogenital spasm and pain]. PMID- 38389 TI - Depression of some drug-induced in vivo changes of cerebellar guanosine 3',5' monophosphate by control of motor and respiratory responses. PMID- 38390 TI - Mechanism of phenothiazine inhibition of Ca2+-dependent guanosine 3',5'-(cyclic) monophosphate phosphodiesterase of brain. PMID- 38391 TI - The role of cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate in the regulation of tyrosine 3 monooxygenase activity. PMID- 38392 TI - Drug-protein interactions: evaluation of the binding of antipsychotic drugs to glutamate dehydrogenase by quantitative affinity chromatography. PMID- 38393 TI - Mechanism of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase induced distortion of stoichiometry of TPNH utilization and product formation by hepatic cytochrome P-450 linked N demethylase systems. PMID- 38394 TI - Active oxygen in liver microsomes: mechanism of epinephrine oxidation. PMID- 38395 TI - Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase from streptomyces griseus (studies on the biosynthesis of cyclitols, XXXVIII). AB - It could be shown that Streptomyces griseus, the microorganism producing the antibiotic streptomycin and also mutant strains of this species that cannot synthesize streptomycin, possess myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (EC 5.5.1.4), the enzyme cyclizing D-glucose 6-phosphate. The enzyme isolated from that organism is extremely instable, its molecular weight is approximately 260,000, and it requires a divalent metal ion for its activity. This is the first instance that an enzyme of this specificity has been found in a prokaryotic organism. PMID- 38396 TI - [Saluresis and beta-sympathicolysis in hypertension therapy]. PMID- 38397 TI - [Therapeutic use of peptide hormones]. PMID- 38398 TI - Histamine 2 receptor antagonism by cimetidine and sinus-node function. PMID- 38399 TI - Case 21-1979--aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta with aortic regurgitation. PMID- 38400 TI - Case 21-1979--aneurysmal dilatation of the aorta with aortic regurgitation. PMID- 38401 TI - The omnipresent placebo effect. PMID- 38402 TI - Occasional notes. Portal hypertension, 1979. PMID- 38403 TI - International conference on ultraviolet carcinogenesis, held in Warrenton, Virginia. March 21--23, 1977. PMID- 38404 TI - Description and application of a personal ultraviolet dosimeter: a review of preliminary studies. AB - Preliminary work on a dosimeter suitable for measuring UVR exposure on individual persons is described. It is based on the use of polysulfone film which, on exposure, shows a change in absorbance that is determined spectrophotometrically. The results of studies of groups of persons with vastly different degrees of solar exposure, e.g., outdoor and indoor workers and geriatric patients, and psychiatric patients with photosensitivity from phenothiazine drugs are presented. We consider the dosimeter may also be suitable for epidemiologic studies in sunlight-induced skin cancer. PMID- 38405 TI - Fundamental difference between the molecular interactions of agonists and antagonists with the beta-adrenergic receptor. AB - Antagonist binding to the beta-adrenergic receptor is largely entropy driven, with only a small enthalpy component. The binding of agonists, on the other hand, is associated with a large decrease in enthalpy which permits a highly unfavourable decrease in entropy. The thermodynamic differences between the binding of agonists and antagonists may provide new insights into the molecular basis for hormone stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity. PMID- 38406 TI - Substance P: model studies of its binding to phospholipids. AB - 1. The partition of substance P (SP) between buffer solutions (pH 1.6--7.8) and an organic, phospholipid (phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl choline) containing phase (chloroform:methanol 2:1) was studied. 2. The binding of SP to phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl inositol was lowest at pH 2 and increased with pH. The binding to phosphatidyl choline was much smaller and less dependent on pH. 3. In contrast to the basic peptide SP (pI 10.5), physalaemin (pI 7.0) did not show any binding to phospholipids at any investigated pH value which underlines the importance of a basic group in the peptide for its binding. 4. The high affinity (KD = 0.1 microM) and capacity of 44 pmol SP/microgram phosphatidyl serine and 48 pmol SP/microgram phosphatidyl ethanolamine at pH 7.2 under conditions of saturation contrasted with the very low binding of SP to phosphatidyl inositol or phosphatidyl choline. Ionic bindings between the basic peptide and phosphatidyl serine or phosphatidyl ethanolamine are regarded to be predominant, although other binding forces cannot be excluded. 5. There was a concentration-dependent reduction in the binding of SP to phosphatidyl serine or phosphatidyl ethanolamine by Na+ and Ca2+, whereas K+ showed hardly any effect at physiological concentrations. 6. The model studies served to consider the possibilities of the binding of a basic peptide to lipid storage or receptor sites. PMID- 38407 TI - Studies on metabolic actions of some xanthine derivatives of dopamine in the rat. PMID- 38408 TI - Selective stimulation of central alpha-autoreceptors following treatment with alpha-methyldopa and FLA 136. AB - 1. The accumulation of normetanephrine in the rat brain induced by the monoamine oxidase inhibitor nialamide was inhibited following alpha-methyldopa and 4-amino 3-(2,6-dichlorobenzylidenehydrazino)-1,2,4-triazole (FLA 136). It was not changed following alpha-methylmetatyrosine despite a greater disappearance of noradrenaline than after alpha-methyldopa. The alpha-adrenoreceptor blocking agent yohimbine increased the nialamide-induced accumulation of normetanephrine and completely antagonized the actions of alpha-methyldopa and FLA 136, indicating that the effects of the two drugs are due to stimulation of alpha adrenoreceptors. 2. The flexor reflex activity of spinalized rats was not influenced by alpha-methyldopa and alpha-methylmetatyrosine at the doses used in the biochemical experiments, as previously found for FLA 136, indicating no stimulation of classical, postsynaptic, central alpha-adrenoreceptors. 3. The biochemical effects of alpha-methyldopa and FLA 136 might be caused by stimulation of alpha-autoreceptors on the cell bodies and the nerve terminals of noradrenaline neurons. A similar mechanism might be involved in the hypotension reported by other investigators following these drugs. PMID- 38409 TI - Effect of kainic acid injections and other brain lesions on vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-stimulated formation of cAMP in rat brain. AB - In rat striatal slices, both intrastriatal kainic acid injection, which destroys striatal neurones, and intranigral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), which leads to a degeneration of dopamine nerve terminals in the striatum, reduced vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-induced cAMP accumulation by approximately 60%. Cortical ablation, which leads to degeneration of cortico-striatal fibres, had no effect on striatal VIP-induced cAMP formation. Knife cut lesions transecting the stria terminalis, which destroy afferent fibres to the amygdala, decreased the VIP-induced increase in cAMP in amygdala slices by 40%, while kainic acid injection into the amygdala had no effect. Kainic acid injection into several other brain regions, including hippocampus, cortex and hypothalamus also failed to affect the VIP-elicited increase in cAMP in slices, despite reductions in choline acetyl-transferase, glutamate decarboxylase, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase and basal levels of cAMP. The results of a study of the effects of various VIP fragments on cAMP stimulation in striatal and cortical slices suggests that the entire sequence of VIP is necessary for full activity. The results suggest that VIP may be involved in neuromodulation or neurotransmission in the striatum and/or nigrostriatal pathway and also in the stria terminalis from the bed nucleus to the amygdala. PMID- 38411 TI - [1st symposium on neuromuscular diseases - Zagreb - 1977]. PMID- 38410 TI - Changes in protein-bound calcium during haemodialysis in relation to bone disease. AB - 29 patients receiving haemodialysis treatment for chronic renal failure were divided into two groups on the basis of the presence or absence of bone disease as defined by radiology and bone alkaline phosphatase. The group of patient with bone disease showed a significantly greater increase in protein-bound calcium during dialysis compared with the control group. There were no significant differences in the changes in total calcium, albumin or hydrogen ion concentration during dialysis between each group. The data suggest that there is a relationship between the increase in protein-bound calcium during dialysis and the incidence of bone disease. PMID- 38412 TI - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid: a clinicopathologic and ultrastructural study in a patient with Sipple's syndrome. PMID- 38413 TI - [Secondary prevention of coronary disease with platelet aggregation inhibiting drugs. Preliminary report]. PMID- 38414 TI - [18th National Congress of the Italian Society of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care. Aquila, 24--26 September 1976. Round table discussion on current aspects of obstetric analgesia]. PMID- 38415 TI - [A simple antagonist in acute opioid poisoning: naloxone]. PMID- 38416 TI - [Anesthesiological problems in reconstructive vascular surgery of the lower limbs. III. Halothane]. PMID- 38417 TI - Analyzing the ABG analysis. PMID- 38418 TI - [Biotechnical problems in prosthetic implantation with needle fixtures]. PMID- 38419 TI - [Selection of rational methods of preanesthetic medication in surgical treatment of glaucoma]. PMID- 38420 TI - Inhibition of nitroso chemical carcinogen activation of rat hepatic guanylate cyclase by anticancer agents. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that nitroso chemical carcinogens activate guanylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.2) which catalyzes the production of guanosine 3',5' monophosphate. This nucleotide is thought to be involved in normal and abnormal cell growth. We examined the effect of 3 major classes of anticancer chemotherapeutic agents, the antimetabolites (methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine), antitumor antibiotics (adriamycin and actinomycin D), and alkylating agents (cytoxan, uracil mustard, isophosphamide, chlornaphazine, and 1-propranol-3,3' iminodimethane sulfonate) on the activation of guanylate cyclase by nitroso chemical carcinogens. The anticancer chemotherapeutic agents noncompetitively blocked the activation of rat hepatic guanylate cyclase by N'-nitro-N-nitroso-N propylguanidine (NNPG) and hydrazine. Adriamycin, methotrexate, and uracil mustard were the most effective inhibitors completely abolishing the effect of 1 mM NNPG on guanylate cyclase activity. The remainder of the anticancer chemotherapeutic agents abolished the NNPG activation of guanylate cyclase 40- 70%. Since a previously described guanylate cyclase inhibitor has been shown to terminate the growth of an undifferentiated prostatic cancer in tissue culture the present data may indicate that one of the mechanisms by which anticancer chemotherapeutic agents exert their effects is by inhibition of tumor guanylate cyclase activity. PMID- 38421 TI - [Ist congress of the traumatologists-orthopedists of the Moldavian SSR]. PMID- 38422 TI - Physician assistant rules and regulations unclear: who gives orders to whom? PMID- 38423 TI - Hidden phosphoglucomutase (PGM) genetic polymorphism in a natural population of Culiseta litorea (Diptera, Culicidae). PMID- 38424 TI - The mechanisms of lectin-mediated cell agglutination. AB - The interaction between lectins and cells is a well established phenomenon. However, the way by which this interaction occurs is still unclear and published observations are sometimes contradictory. This article attempts to reconciliate the available information concerning this problem in order to find support for a new model of lectin-mediated agglutination of cells. The traditional idea favours the carbohydrate-directed interaction as the main reason of binding of lectins to the cell surface. Nevertheless, lectins molecules are so diversified in physical chemical and biological properties, as well as in structure, that such generalization cannot be stated without risk. Furtheremore, the agglutination mechanism itself is too complex to assume that lectins are only functional "bridges" that hold two cells together. The effect noticed when agglutination is studied with different cells and different lectins at various conditions, suggest that other factors are to be taken into account. PMID- 38425 TI - The Consensus Development Conference on Antenatal Diagnosis. PMID- 38426 TI - Combined abstracts of the American Pediatric Society and the Society for Pediatric Research. Annual meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, May 1-4, 1979. PMID- 38427 TI - Effect of lead exposure on the activity of some hepatic enzymes in the rat. AB - Seven-day-old rats were fed 1% lead acetate tetrahydrate solution for 2, 4, or 7 days. Adult rats were fed the same lead solution for 6--8 wk. In the newborn rats, hepatic UDP-bilirubin glucuronyl transferase (GT) and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP) activities were markedly increased. GT activity was increased after 4 days as compared to the controls (6.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.3, P less than 0.001), and was maximal after 7 days of treatment (7.5 +/- 0.4 vs. 4.6 +/- 0.4, P less than 0.001). GGTP activity was already maximally increased after 2 days of lead treatment (1.4 +/- 0.2 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.1, P less than 0.001). Hepatic GT and GGTP activities were similarly increased in adult rats (7.9 +/- 0.3 vs. 5.1 +/- 0.1, P less than 0.001, and 0.7 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.4 +/- 0.1, P less than 0.005, respectively). In vitro studies adding lead citrate to liver homogenates did not produce any direct effect on GT and GGTP activities. PMID- 38428 TI - [Conference of the representatives of European Socialist countries regarding health care, development and upbringing of children in the first 3 years of life (Kiev September 27-30, 1977)]. PMID- 38429 TI - Increased work of breathing associated with nasal prongs. AB - To see if continuous distending pressure (CPD) given by nasal prongs increases work of breathing, we measured the mechanics of breathing, minute ventilation, and blood gases in nine infants with both nasal prong and face mask CDP. Minute ventilation was 16% larger (P less than .02), work of breathing was 94% higher (P less than .01), and the mean PaO2 was 8 mm Hg lower (P less than .03) with the nasal prongs. There was no difference in pH or PaCO2. We speculate that CDP given by nasal prongs may increase the risk of respiratory failure in the premature infant already compromised with hyaline membrane disease. PMID- 38430 TI - [Use of beta-blockaders in pediatrics]. PMID- 38431 TI - Resolutions approved by the NLN membership May 4, 1979 at the Biennial Convention, Atlanta, Georgia. PMID- 38432 TI - [The Scandinavian Cooperation Committe for Medical Research after 10 years. More concrete cooperation should be stimulated by scholarships and contact groups]. PMID- 38433 TI - [Gastrointestinal hormone neurotransmitters. New methods for early diagnosis]. PMID- 38434 TI - [The Munster-Lyon immunological days. Introduction]. PMID- 38435 TI - [Hypertension due to unilateral parenchymatous nephropathy (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and eight patients suffering from hypertension due to a unilateral parenchymatous neophropathy were studied over a period of one to eight years after treatment was starded. The aetiologies were diverse: harmonious hypoplasia, segmental hypoplasia, pyelonephritis, reflux nephropathy, hydronephrosis and tuberculosis. Thirty nine patients were treated surgically, with 50% good results. In 82 cases medical treatment was continued for at least a year with a 52% success rate. Such success was recorded in 94% of cases in which beta blockers were used (38 cases). Surgical success was not dependent upon the period for which hypertension had been present. The best results were seen in cases of hydronephrosis and pyelonephritis and the worst in tuberculosis. Thirteen patients underwent surgery event though there was no unilateral increase in plasma renin levels. Seven were improved or cured. Ten patients underwent surgery with a renin activity 50% greater than on the healthy side, 9 being improved or cured. Treatment with beta-blockers, alone or in association with diuretics, controlled blood pressure in 90% of cases, regardless of the renin activity. Plasma renin activity in the renal veins is of good prognostic value in terms of the effectiveness of nephrectomy against hypertension. In Call cases, beta blockers were more effective than surgery. PMID- 38436 TI - [Meeting of the Study Group on Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Clamart (France), 26 November 1977. Abstracts]. PMID- 38437 TI - Complexing of reduced technetium and tin(II) by chelating phosphate compounds. II. In vitro stability of pyrophosphate and ethane-1, hydroxy-1, diphosphonate (EHDP) complexes. AB - The in vitro stability of 99mTc- and 113Sn-pyrophosphate and ethane-1, hydroxy-1, diphosphonate (EHDP) complexes was studied by varying the mode of preparation. The 1-hr distribution in the rat was used as an indicator for complex formation or destruction. A maximum of bone uptake and urinary excretion and a minimum of soft tissue concentration was obtained if there was an excess of phosphate in relation to tin(II) in the equilibrium. Formation of tin(II) colloid was favoured in the presence of an excess of tin(II) in the equilibrium, 99mTc colloid occurred with some delay. After dilution in neutral normal saline the chelates were more or less destroyed, as shown by a 113Sn(II) colloid formation whereas the 99mTc-phosphate complexes were transformed into a 99mTc kidney agent. At pH 11 the 113Sn(II)-phosphate complexes proved to be stable, the 99mTc-phosphate complexes were also transformed into the 99mTc kidney agent. Oxidation of all tin(II) in the equilibrium by hydrogen peroxide did not change the distribution patterns of 113Sn, 99mTc was oxidized to pertechnetate. In general complexes between tin(II) and chelating phosphate compounds proved to be more stable than those with reduced technetium. EHDP was found to form stronger complexes with tin(II) and reduced technetium than pyrophosphate. PMID- 38438 TI - Complexing of reduced technetium and tin (II) by chelating phosphate compounds. I. Chemical state of technetium. AB - Complexing of reduced 99mTc, 99Tc and of 113Sn(II) by pyrophosphate was studied, using the in vivo distribution in the rat as an indicator for complex formation. 99mTc-pyrophosphate was only formed at very low technetium concentrations, otherwise colloid formation occurred. Reduced 99mTc in trace amounts and 113Sn(II) complexed equimolarly with pyrophosphate were concentrated in bone and excreted in urine in comparable amounts. The in vivo distribution of 32P orthophosphate and -pyrophosphate was characterized by a considerable uptake in the liver and a poor urinary excretion. The distribution patterns of 32P pyrophosphate, complexed equimolarly with tin(II), remained unchanged. Despite these findings it is concluded that real chelates are formed, since non-complexed reduced 99mTc was not concentrated in bone. Two variants of reduced technetium could be discerned: a 99mTc-kidney agent and a 99mTc protein-bound agent. Some evidence was found that reduced technetium may change its oxidation state, but it seems much more likely that both agents are technetium(IV) compounds. It is suggested that the kidney agent is hydrated technetium dioxide whereas the protein-bound agent is a charged technetium(IV) compound. Only hydrated technetium dioxide is obviously complexed by chelating phosphate compounds. PMID- 38439 TI - Effect of cranberry juice on urinary pH. AB - Twenty-one female and 19 male subjects who had normal physical and laboratory examinations were randomly assigned into four groups of 10 subjects each. Each group was then randomly assigned a number (150, 180, 210, 240) which determined the amount of cranberry juice, in milliliters, members of that group would ingest with each meal during the experimental phase of the study. The study took place over a 12-day period. A one-group before-and-after design was used, with each subject serving as his or her own control. Diet was controlled; menus on days 1 through 6 were repeated on days 7 through 12 with the addition of cranberry juice at each meal. Subjects used nitrazine pH tape to measure the pH of midstream urine at each voiding. There were significant (.01 level) differences in mean urinary pH between each control group and its corresponding experimental group. Anticipated problems with increased number of bowel movements, weight gain, increased voiding frequency, and subject pH measurement inaccuracy did not occur. PMID- 38440 TI - Alma-Ata, USSR: international conference on primary health care. PMID- 38441 TI - Some of my best friends are. PMID- 38442 TI - Drugs in psychiatry. PMID- 38443 TI - The Royal College of Midwives annual meetings: time to wake up and speak up. PMID- 38444 TI - The Royal College of Midwives annual meetings: give us same pay as health visitors. PMID- 38445 TI - Why I was so disgusted. PMID- 38446 TI - Compatibility of high doses of both oral domperidone and neuroleptics in chronic psychotics. AB - Twenty chronic schizophrenic inpatients who were being treated with high doses of neuroleptics and of whom seven had extra-pyramidal symptoms in spite of anti Parkinsonian therapy, were given oral domperidone (50 mg t.d.s. for 2 weeks) for the relief of chronic dyspepsia. The dyspepsia symptoms were markedly improved, no side effects were seen and, even at high doses, domperidone did not intensify the existing extra-pyramidal side effects of the neuroleptics or produce new ones. PMID- 38447 TI - The physiological response to pregnancy in health and disease. Proceedings of a symposium arranged by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge-held in St John's College, 15-16 September, 1978. PMID- 38448 TI - Effect of pH on eggshell penetration by Salmonellae. AB - Experiments were conducted to study effects of pH on penetration of eggs by three species of Salmonella. Eggs having an average specific gravity of 1.078 were subjected to challenge by either S. typhimurium, S. st. paul, or S. derby. Challenge solutions ranged from pH 5.0 to 9.5 in .5 pH increments and contained an average of 7.5 x 10(3) Salmonella/ml. Egg temperature was 22 C and solution temperature 4.4 C when challenged. Tartaric acid (10%) or 1 N. NaOH were used to adjust solution prior to adding challenge organisms. Eggs were challenged for 3 min then allowed to dry and held at 22 C for 24 hr, after which they were opened aseptically. Salmonella penetration was determined by swabbing the inner shell membrane and incubating in selenite cystine and tetrathionate enrichment broths for 24 hr followed by plating on MacConkey and SS agars. Penetration rates for all three organisms were significantly less at pH 5.0 than at any higher pH tested. There was an increase in penetration from pH 5.5 to 7.0 for all species. Maximum penetration rates were 42% of eggs challenged at pH 7.5, 22% at pH 8.5, and 34% at pH 7.0 for S. typhimurium, S. derby, and S. st. paul, respectively. In no case was penetration of eggs at pH 9.0 significantly different from pH at maximum penetration of challenge eggs. Penetration by S. st paul, at pH 9.5 was significantly less (P less than .05) than at pH 7.0. Decalcification of the eggshell was less than .01%/min at pH 4.0. Shell losses at pH 3.5 and 3.0 were .03% and .33%/min, respectively. PMID- 38449 TI - Evaluation of organic acids and other compounds as Salmonella antagonists in meat and bone meal. AB - Twelve compounds were evaluated as salmonella antagonists in commercial meat and bone meal. The test organism was a nalidixic acid-resistant strain of Salmonella infantis. Adequate moisture to support salmonella growth was assured by the addition of 40% water to each 50 g test sample. Compounds were tested at levels permitted for food additives except formalin which has not been approved. Salmonella counts were determined every few days by spread plates and the pH was recorded from the initial 1:10 dilution. Although the salmonella population initially declined in the presence of several additives, none of the compounds were effective in preventing salmonella multiplication in the MBM except formalin at levels greater than .1%. PMID- 38450 TI - [Vasodilators and diuretics, basic therapy for hypertensive heart failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 38451 TI - [Androgenic function of the testes in children and adolescents with cryptorchism]. AB - Androgenic function of the testes was studied in children and adolescents suffering from cryptorchism. Information on this problem is scant and controversial. The most sensitive radioimmunological methods of testosterone determination and functional test with chorionic gonadotropin were used in this work. Disturbances in adrogenic function are present in a number of cases as soon as the first years of life. These disturbances are intensified with the advance of age, and become particularly pronounced in bilateral and abdominal cryptorchism. PMID- 38452 TI - Stereoscopic vision. A discussion held in London, England, 9 March 1978. PMID- 38453 TI - Fucntional specialization and binocular interaction in the visual areas of rhesus monkey prestriate cortex. AB - If is is believed that neural mechanisms mediating stereoscopic vision may be localized in specific areas of the visual cortex, then it becomes necessary to be able to define these areas adequately. This is no easy matter in the rhesus monkey, an animal close to man, where the cytoarchitecturally uniform prestriate cortex is folded into deep sulci with secondary gyri. One way around this awkward problem is to use the callosal connections of the prestriate cortex as the anatomical landmarks. Callosal connections are restricted to regions at which the vertical meridian is represented. Since the visual fields, including the vertical meridian, are separately represented in each area, each has its own callosal connections. These are of great help in defining some of the boundaries of these areas, since the boundaries often coincide with the representation of the vertical meridian. With the visual areas thus defined anatomically, it becomes relatively easy to assign recordings to particular areas. Studies of binocular interactions in these areas reveal that most cells in all prestriate areas are binocularly driven. Hence, theoretically, all of the prestriate areas are candidates for stereoscopic mechanisms. The degree of binocular interaction varies from cell to cell. At the two extremes are cells which either respond to monocular stimulation only and are inhibited by binocular stimulation or ones which respond to binocular stimulation only. Changing, as opposed to fixed, disparity is signalled by two types of cells. In one category are cells activated in opposite directions for the two eyes. Such cells are always binocularly driven. In the other category are cells, some of which are monocularly activated, that are capable of responding to changing image size. In the monkey, both these categories of cells have so far been found in the motion area of the superior temporal sulcus only. PMID- 38454 TI - Brain damage and global stereopsis. AB - When a single object lies in front of or beyond the plane of fixation its retinal image lies on disparate positions in the two eyes. This 'local' retinal disparity is an excellent cue to depth, and retinal disparties of a few seconds of arc are detectable by people and monkeys. However, most visual scenes produce a complex array of contours in each eye and we can detect the disparity in the arrays despite the ambiguous nature of the disparities, i.e. each contour in one eye could be related to any of several similar contours in the other eye. This ability, known as 'global' stereopsis, may be selectively impaired following brain damage in man. Global stereopsis was measured in rhesus monkeys before and after removing a different cortical visual area in different groups of animals. Only removal of the inferotemporal cortex impaired global stereopsis. The result is related to the findings with human patients and to receptive field properties of neurons in the inferotemporal cortex of monkeys. PMID- 38455 TI - Depth sensitivity of binocular cortical neurons of behaving monkeys. AB - Activity of neurons if foveal striate and prestriate cortex of trained rhesus monkeys was recorded with metal microelectrodes. While animals fixated a small spot at a given fixation distance (38 or 57 cm), bright or dark bars moving across a frontoparallel plane were presented at different depths in a range of +/ 10 cm about the fixation distance. Almost all cells showed binocular interaction. Neurons with balanced ocularity (approximately equal monocular responses) usually facilitated each other and were tuned to depth around the plane of fixation often with inhibitory flanks nearer and further. Neurons with unbalanced ocularity either inhibited each other or had asymmetric depth sensitivity profiles, i.e. activation by stimuli in front and suppression by stimuli behind the fixation plane (near cells) or vice versa (far cells). Thus striate and prestriate cortex of the monkey contains four subsets of binocular cells which may contribute to depth perception. PMID- 38456 TI - Stereopsis and the random element in the organization of the striate cortex. AB - Receptive field position and orientation disparities are both properties of binocularly discharged striate neurons. Receptive field position desparities have been used as a key element in the neural theory for binocular depth discrimination. Since most striate cells in the cat are binocular, these position disparities require that cells immediately adjacent to one another in the cortex should show a random scatter in their monocular receptive field positions. Superimposed on the progressive topographical representation of the visual field on the striate cortex there is experimental evidence for a localized monocular receptive field position scatter. The suggestion is examined that the binocular position disparities are built up out of the two monocular position scatters. An examination of receptive field orientation disparities and their relation to the random variation in the monocular preferred orientations of immediately adjacent striate neurons also leads to the conclusion that binocular orientation disparities are a consequence of the two monocular scatters. As for receptive field position, the local scatter in preferred orientation is superimposed on a progressive representation of orientation over larger areas of the cortex. The representation in the striate cortex of visual field position and of stimulus orientation is examined in relation to the correlation between the disparities in receptive field position and preferred orientation. The role of orientation disparities in binocular vision is reviewed. PMID- 38457 TI - Binocular visual processing in the owl's telencephalon. AB - Single neurons recorded from the owl's visual Wulst are surprisingly similar to those found in mammalian striate cortex. The receptive fields of Wulst neurons are elaborated, in an apparently hierarchical fashion, from those of their monocular, concentrically organized inputs to produce binocular interneurons with increasingly sophisticated requirements for stimulus orientation, movement and binocular disparity. Output neurons located in the superficial laminae of the Wulst are the most sophisticated of all, with absolute requirements for a combination of stimuli, which include binocular presentation at a particular horizontal binocular disparity, and with no response unless all of the stimulus conditions are satisfied simultaneously. Such neurons have the properties required for 'global stereopsis', including a receptive field size many times larger than their optimal stimulus, which is more closely matched to the receptive fields of the simpler, disparity-selective interneurons. These marked similarities in functional organization between the avian and mammalian systems exist in spite of a number of structural differences which reflect their separate evoluntionary origins. Discussion therefore includes the possibility that there may exist for nervous systems only a very small number of possible solutions, perhaps a unique one, to the problem of stereopsis. PMID- 38458 TI - The development of the binocular depth cells in the secondary visual cortex of the lamb. AB - In most respects, the response properties of cells in the secondary visual cortex of the newborn lamb were indistinguishable from those in the adult. The cells were sharply selective to orientation; the orientation preferences were the same in each eye, and they varied systematically as the electrode penetrated the cortex. The receptive-field organization did not differ noticeably from that in adults, and complex, hypercomplex, and a few simple cells were all observed. The ocular dominance distribution was similar to that in the adult. Most importantly, binocular cells were found with disparate receptive fields even in newborn, visually inexperienced animals. As in the adult, the disparities were largely horizontal, and they appeared to be arranged in columns. Many of the cells responded preferentially to a binocular stimulus at a particular disparity setting (often approximately zero), but unlike those in the adult almost all the binocular cells in the newborn lamb would also respond monocularly, and the enhancement at the optimal disparity was less than in the adult. The full development of binocular selectivity took several weeks, and was blocked by binocular deprivation. We conclude that the basic wiring of stereoscopic mechanisms is innate, but the development of mature binocular interaction may depend on an adaptive process which makes use of the visual information received during binocular stimulation. PMID- 38459 TI - Stereo vision and isoluminance. AB - Recent experiments have shown that stereo depth is given by fusion of illusory ('cognitive') contours. They occur across quite large gaps in figures, when these gaps are unlikely and form the shape of a probable (nearer) masking object or masking feature. Implications are that: (a) clearly defined contours and regions of brightness difference can be produced as postulates from sensory evidence, which may be surprising absence of stimulation; (b) each eye-system can derive its own postulates, or hypotheses, which (c) can be combined to give stereo vision. It has been shown that random-dot stereo depth does not occur when there is colour contrast but no brightness difference between the dots and their background. This we have confirmed by using a new technique for producing isoluminant pictures, of any complexity, with exact registration for any two colours. With this technique, we find large displacements of narrow borders bounding regions that are shifted across isoluminance. These displacements, which are clearly seen as movements, occur with or without colour differences. The direction of shift depends on whether the narrow border is light or dark. It is found that these dramatic shifts do not - when produced in opposite directions to the two eyes and fused - produce stereo depth. It is concluded, following Julesz's paradigm, that these contour displacements have their neural orgin not retinally, but after stereo fusion. Experiments combining the 'cognitive contours' stereo depth with isoluminance are described. PMID- 38460 TI - The development of stereoscopic mechanisms in the visual cortex of the cat. AB - It is argued that those neural systems (such as that responsible for stereoscopic vision) that have the greatest precision of operation are the most likely, during their developmental construction, to take advantage of infromation supplied by their own input. There is evidence that binocularly driven neurons in the kittens's visual cortex do indeed become modified in their synaptic organization during early visual experience in a manner that enhances the specificity of binocular interaction and ensures that the ranges of positional and orientational disparities of the receptive fields, within limits, become matched to the nature of the actual stimulation encountered by the animal. PMID- 38461 TI - Stereoscopic subsystems for position in depth and for motion in depth. AB - We describe psychophysical evidence that the human visual system contains information-processing channels for motion in depth in addition to those for position in depth. These motion-in-depth channels include some that are selectively sensitive to the relative velocities of the left and right retinal images. We propose that the visual pathway contains stereoscopic (cyclopean) motion filters that respond to only a narrow range of the directions of motion in depth. Turning to the single-neuron level we report that, in addition to neurons turned to position to depth, cat visual cortex contains neurons that emphasize information about the direction of motion at the expense of positional information. We describe psychophysical evidence for the existence of channels that are sensitive to change size, and are separate from the channels both for motion and for flicker. These changing-size channels respond independently of whether the stimulus is a bright square on a dark ground or a dark square on a bright ground. At the physiological level we report single neurons in cat visual cortex that respond selectively to increasing or to decreasing size independently of the sign of stimulus contrast. Adaptation to a changing-size stimulus produces two separable after-effects: an illusion of changing size, and an illusion of motion in depth. These after-effects have different decay time constants. We propose a psychophysical model in which changing-size filters feed a motion-in depth stage, and suppose that the motion-in-depth after-effect is due to activity at the motion-in-depth stage, while the changing-size after-effect is due to to activity at the changing-size and more peripheral stages. The motion-in-depth after-effect can be cancelled either by a changing-size test stimulus or by relative motion of the left and right retinal images. Opposition of these two cues can also cancel the impression of motion in depth produced by the adapting stimulus. These findings link the stereoscopic (cyclopean) motion filters and the changing-size filters: both feed the same motion-in-depth stage. PMID- 38462 TI - Binocular single vision and perceptual processing. AB - Stimuli with small binocular disparities are seen as single, despite their differing visual directions for the two eyes. Such stimuli also yield stereopsis, but stereopsis and single vision can be dissociated. The occurrence of binocular single vision depends not only on the disparities of individual stimulus elements, but also on the geometrical relation of different parts of the pattern presented to each eye. A pair of vertical bars with opposite binocular disparities is seen as single if the pair is moderately widely spaced but not if it is narrow. Vertical alignment and identity in length of such bars also increase the occurrence of double vision. It is argued that these effects reflect the extraction of features of the monocular patterns, with these detected monocular features determining the binocular percept. Single and double vision of bars differing in orientation can be similarly analysed. The occurrence of relatively elaborate processing of monocular signals does not exclude the possibility that binocular interaction can occur between signals that have not been so processed. Multiple sites or types of binocular interaction are likely. PMID- 38463 TI - Lipid metabolism in the mammary gland of ruminant animals. PMID- 38464 TI - [Biotransformation of benzodiazepine derivatives]. PMID- 38465 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase induction in cells in culture. PMID- 38466 TI - Antiarrhythmic action of minor and major tranquilizers. PMID- 38467 TI - Mechanism of S-(carboxymethylthio)cysteine cleavage by rat liver cystathionine gamma-lyase. AB - Rat liver cystathionine-gamma-lyase [L-cystathionine cysteinelyase (deaminating), EC 4.4.1.1] catalyzes the formation of pyruvic acid, ammonia, and carboxymethylhydrodisulfide from S-(carboxymethylthio)cysteine (CMTC). As judged by pyruvic acid production, the optimal pH is 8.3 in tris-HCl buffer and the Km is 2.9 mM. A possible mechanism of CMTC cleavage by cystathionase is proposed. PMID- 38468 TI - Subcellular distribution and some properties of alanine aminotransferase in striated muscles of the crayfish, trout, carp, frog, pigeon and rabbit. AB - Subcellular distribution and some physicochemical properties of alanine aminotransferase in striated muscles of the crayfish, trout, carp, frog, pigeon and rabbit were studied. It was established that: (1) Alanine aminotransferase activity in all mentioned animals occurred almost entirely in the cytosolic fraction of the muscles. Total activity and activity per mg protein were highest in crayfish and pigeon muscles and lowest in carp and trout muscles. (2) The pH optimum for the muscles of homoiotherms and poikilotherms ranged from 7.5 to 8, Km values for L-alanine were of the order 10(-3)--10(-2) M and those for alpha ketoglutarate 10(-4) M. (3) A 10 degree C temperature increase of the incubation medium was accompanied by a 70--90% increase in activity. (4) The higher the alanine aminotransferase activity of the muscles, the relatively higher their alanine production during electrical stimulation. (5) From the above results it is concluded that alanine aminotransferase in striated muscles regulates the rate of glycolysis and energy production under conditions of anaerobiosis through the formation of alanine. PMID- 38469 TI - [Clinical evaluation of treatment of psychoses with once-a-day phenothiazine doses]. PMID- 38470 TI - The role of depot neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. AB - Because of the potential importance of prolonged action neuroleptics for the delivery of care to schizophrenic patients, and because of the availability of new, extensive data from clinical trials on the utility of these drugs, a workshop conference was convened by the United States National Institute of Mental Health in collaboration with the Institute of Clinical Psychiatry of the University of Pisa to assess the role of depot neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenic patients. This paper summarizes its conclusions. PMID- 38471 TI - [Effects of four beta-blocking agents on some psychopharmacological tests in mice (author's transl)]. AB - Common effects of four beta-adrenergic blocking drugs have been investigated in mice using classical and new psychopharmacological tests. Propranolol, alprenolol, practolol and penbutolol reduced the increase in locomotor activity produced by reserpine after MAO inhibition; they produce hypothermia when associated with amphetamine and they increase oxotremorine-induced hypothermia. Regarding these three tests the studied substances ranged themseleves in the same order of potency: penbutolol greater than propranolol greater than alprenolol greater than practolol. Propranolol and penbutolol decreased the toxicity provoked in crowded mice by amphetamine or by the association pargyline reserpine; alprenolol and practolol did not. Propranolol, penbutolol and alprenolol antagonized the amphetamine-induced increase in motor activity; practolol did not. When used at doses for which d-l propranolol was active, the dextrogyre isomer of propranolol was without effect whatever the test studied. It is suggested that for the selection of a beta-blocking drug, regarding central effects in man, the tests described would deserve consideration. PMID- 38472 TI - Etonitazene as a reinforcer for rats: increased etonitazene-reinforced behavior due to food deprivation. AB - Etonitazene-reinforced performance of rats was increased by food deprivation and decreased by food satiation. These changes were not due to general increases in either activity or liquid intake. PMID- 38473 TI - Neuroleptic influence on hyperthermia induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan and p methoxy-amphetamine in MAOI-pretreated rabbits. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and p-methoxyamphetamine (p-MA) induce dose dependent, lethal hyperthermia when applied intravenously to monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) pretreated rabbits. The time course of hyperthermia and the doses required to induce hyperthermia varies between the two substances. Results with alpha-MT and PCPA suggest that 5-HTP hyperthermia depends on 5-HT formation, release of endogenous 5-HT, and the presence of catecholamines, whereas p-MA induced hyperthermia most likely is a result of indirect 5-HT release. Some neuroleptics (piflutixol, spiroperidol and methiotepine) are extremely potent inhibitors of the induced hyperthermia, Also the 5-HT receptor blocking agent methergoline antagonizes hyperthermia induced by the two substances in rather low doses. On the other hand cis (Z)-flupenthixol is a very weak antagonist of 5-HTP but a more potent inhibitor of p-MA hyperthermia. It is concluded that both 5-HT and catecholamine (dopamine) receptor blockade is required to antagonize 5-HTP hyperthermia and that antagonism of p-MA induced hyperthermia is primarily a result of influence on the 5-HT system. PMID- 38474 TI - Antagonism of apomorphine-induced hyperthermia in MAOI-pretreated rabbits as a sensitive model of neuroleptic activity. AB - Apomorphine induced dose-dependent hyperthermia when applied intravenously to rabbits pretreated with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Inhibition of the synthesis of catecholamines (by alpha-MT) did not influence on apomorphine induced hyperthermia, whereas 5-HT synthesis inhibition (by PCPA) completely abolished the hyperthermic response. Some neuroleptics and a 5-HT receptor blocking agent inhibited the hyperthermia in very low doses. A highly significant correlation was registered between the antagonism of apomorphine hyperthermia of 15 neuroleptics and their clinically useful doses. It is concluded that apomorphine-induced hyperthermia most likely is a result of direct stimulation of dopamine receptors and release of 5-HT, and that abolition of this response represents a very sensitive in-vivo model for neuroleptic substances. Antagonism of apomorphine-induced hyperthermia may be achieved by either dopamine or 5-HT receptor blockade. PMID- 38475 TI - The effects of psychomotor stimulants on single-spatial alternation behavior in dogs. AB - Dogs were trained to pedal press for drinking water in a noncued, single-spatial alternation task. After the dogs were exhibiting stable performance at or above predetermined criteria levels, they were given three doses of four different drugs (methylphenidate, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg; d-amphetamine, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg; cocaine, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg; and phenmetrazine, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 mg/kg). In general, all four drugs produced similar changes in performance. The number of correct responses was an especially sensitive indicator of drug effects. All four drugs also produced significant increases in both the average response latency and total session duration, but there were few significant changes in either the total number of responses or number of intertrial interval responses. Relative to d-amphetamine, the potencies of cocaine and phenmetrazine, but not methylphenidate, were generally higher for the measures of single-spatial alternation than for self-administration. PMID- 38476 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of psychomotor stimulants in the cat. AB - Cats were trained to choose between two levels or an operant chamber using interoceptive cues provided by d-amphetamine or saline as the discriminative stimuli. Following training, stimulus generalization was observed to additional doses of d-amphetamine and cocaine. but not to morphine. Clozapine blocked the generalization of the drug discrimination response to d-amphetamine, but had no effect on generalization to cocaine. These data indicate that discriminative stimulus properties of psychomotor stimulants, previously described in rats, are similar in cats. PMID- 38477 TI - Analysis of the dissociation between the neocortical and hippocampal EEG activity induced by neuroleptics. PMID- 38478 TI - Comparative effects of trazodone and tricyclic antidepressants on uptake of selected neurotransmitters by isolated rat brain synaptosomes. AB - The effect of trazodone, a new antidepressant agent, on uptake of serotonin (5 HT), norepinephrine (NE), and dopamine (DA) by crude synaptosome preparations from rat hypothalamus was compared with imipramine, desipramine, and clomipramine. Trazodone was determined to be a very selective inhibitor of the 5 HT uptake mechanism with IC50 values of 5.67 X 10(-7), 3.54 X 10(-5), and 5.25 X 10(-5 M, for 5-HT, NE, and DA uptake, respectively. Clomipramine, the only other selective inhibitor of 5-HT uptake studied, had IC50 values of 7.59 X 10(-9), 1.12 X 10(-7), and 2.51 X 10(-7) M, for 5-HT, NE, and DA, respectively. Although less potent, trazodone was 4 +/- 0.6 times more selective than clomipramine in its ability to inhibit synaptosomal uptake of 5-HT with respect to NE. This selectivity for the 5-HT uptake mechanism is consistent with the clinical antidepressant efficacy of trazodone. PMID- 38479 TI - Physician's assistants in primary care practices: delegation of tasks and physician supervision. AB - Little information is available on factors influencing physicians (MDs) to delegate health care tasks to physician's assistants (PAs). Information about assignment of tasks to PAs was sought from 19 MDs engaged in practice in primary care settings in Iowa. These MDs employed 28 PAs. Tasks assigned to PAs appeared to be those that MDs judged to require little or no supervision. Tasks that could be performed efficiently by other non-MD personnel were not asigned to PAs. However, PAs were observed at the practice sites to perform tasks which the MDs had indicated could be appropriately assigned to PAs, as well as some tasks that could be performed by other non-MD personnel. The MDs provided health care to 126 (13.6 percent) of the 925 patients seen by PAs for whom the sequences of patient provider contact were recorded. In these settings, the PAs functioned with a high degree of autonomy in providing health care. These findings have implications for educators and potential employers of PAs. PMID- 38480 TI - [Author abstracts of papers at the 15th Symposium of the Nuclear Medicine Section of the Gesellschaft fur Medizinische Radiologie der DDR, Reinhardsbrunn, May 7 11, 1978]. PMID- 38481 TI - American image in international radiography? PMID- 38482 TI - Ultrasonographic demonstration of undescended testes. AB - Twelve cryptorchid patients had sonographic evaluation of the inguinal region prior to surgical orchiopexy. When the testis was within the inguinal canal, the gonad was localized preoperatively by sonography in eight of nine patients. One patient had an associated inguinal hernia in which loops of bowel concealed the gonad. There were no false positive cases. The authors were not able to show abdominal or pelvic maldescended testes. PMID- 38483 TI - Effect of mercaptoethanol in the radioactive thin layer chromatography assay of NAD+-15-hydroxyprostaglandin in dehydrogenase. AB - The use of mercaptoethanol in the assay of rat kidney 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH) was found to have minimal effect on activity assayed with the spectrophotometric and substrate loss assays. However, mercaptoethanol appeared to inhibit PGDH when assayed by thin-layer chromatography, based upon conversion of 3H-PGE1 to 15-keto-3H-PGE1. Mercaptoethanol reacted with 15-keto PGE1 to alter its chromatographic mobility and to suppress the U.V. absorption spectrum of 15-keto-PGE1. The implication of the use of ME in radiometric assays is discussed. PMID- 38484 TI - [Preconcentration of trace chalcophile elements by a zincon--loaded resin and its application to neutron activation analysis (author's transl)]. AB - A chelating agent-loaded resin consisting of an anion exchange resin and zincon which has widely been employed as a specific reagent for zinc(II) and copper(II) in spectrophotometry was prepared. The adsorption behavior of some chalcophile elements was studied in detail, with respect to pH, flow rate and exchange capacity. From the results, it was confirmed that the zincon-loaded resin reacts selectively with copper(II), zinc(II), mercury(II) and lead(II) at lower pH region, and the above reaction is stoichiometric as in the case of the reaction of zincon with metal ions in aqueous solution. Furthermore, the zincon-loaded resin was applied to the selective concentration of trace amounts of chalcophile elements in natural water samples prior to neutron activation analysis. Water samples taken from the Watarase River were filtered and the pH of each filtrate was adjusted to ca. 5.5. After preconcentration was made by the column method (zincon-loaded resin: 2 x 10-4 mol/g resin, 1.0 g, 7 mm phi x 35 mm), the resin in the column was washed and dried in a desiccator. The standard material was also prepared according to the above mentioned scheme. The sample and the standard materials packed in polyethylene vials were irradiated for 40 min by a neutron flux of 5 x 10(13 n.cm-2.sec-1 in the JRR-4 of the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. After cooling the materials, activity measurements were made. The results were 53 ppb for copper, 0.25 ppb for mercury. PMID- 38485 TI - [Polyarteritis nodosa: evolution of the angiographic findings and uncommon localizations (author's transl)]. AB - A series of 10 patients with polyarteritis nodosa have been studied by means of angiographic investigations with selective arteriography of the different visceral districts. The attention is focused on some unusual localizations of the typical lesions such as aneurysms of the supra-renal artery of the coronary artery and of the femoral artery. Up to now these localizations have been described only in post mortem examinations. Such localizations should be considered as a demonstration of the multicentric spread of the disease, independently from its degree of development. On the other hand a correlation seems to exist between the evolution of the disease in the increase in size of the aneurysmatic lesions as well as with the simultaneous presence of all the angiographic signs. PMID- 38486 TI - [Radiological study of panarteritis nodosa with renal localization. Considerations on 9 cases]. AB - The pathologic lesions in panarteritis nodosa with renal involvement are of two types: macroscopic and microscopic. The diagnosis of the macroscopic form is made with angiography when it discloses diffuse aneurysms. The angiographic features of the microscopic form are not distinguished from those of other renal parenchymal diseases. Plain films of the abdomen and urography are insufficient for diagnosis but they can be useful in the follow up of the panarteritis nodosa. PMID- 38487 TI - [Comparative sutdy of pH, gasometry, oxygen content of peripheral venous blood, the superior vena cava, right atrium and pulmonary artery trunk during right heart catheterization]. PMID- 38488 TI - [Clinical, hemodynamic, pulmonary and cerebral electrical activity in patients under administration of flunitrazepam (1)]. PMID- 38489 TI - [A new non-depolarizing relaxant agent: AH 8165 D (fazadinium dibromide)]. PMID- 38490 TI - Strategies in clinical hematology. Fifth meeting of the European and African Division of the International Society of Haematology, Hamburg, August 26th--31st, 1979. PMID- 38491 TI - Selenium and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in the serum of thoroughbreds. AB - Selenium and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity has been measured in the serum of clinically health thoroughbreds. The thoroughbreds, whose performance was reported to be unsatisfactory, had consistently low concentrations of selenium and high activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase in the serum when compared with those whose performance was as expected. Vitamin E levels in the serum showed no such difference. The only other biochemical and haematological abnormality was lower serum phosphate concentrations in the unsatisfactory group. These results suggest that low concentrations of selenium in the serum may be associated with subclinical hepatic insufficiency in the thoroughbred. PMID- 38492 TI - Pathophysiology of dehydromonocrotaline-induced pulmonary fibrosis in the beagle. AB - The purpose of this study was to characterize the sequential hemodynamic alterations and pulmonary vascular lesions produced by a single pulmonary artery injection of the vasotoxic pyrrolic alkaloid dehydromonocrotaline in the young beagle. Normotensive pulmonary pressure was replaced by hypertension 21 days after injection. By 28 days, the pulmonary pressure and total pulmonary vascualr resistance of the experimental animals were significantly greater than the controls (p less than 0.01). Right ventricular work increased from a baseline mean of 0.58 to 1.40 kg . m/min. Morphological and morphometrical analyses revealed alveolar edema, increased numbers of alveolar macrophages, cellular hyperplasia in the alveolar septa, and a progressive interstitial fibrosis. The precise mechansims by which dehydromonocrotaline injection initiates and promotes pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis still needs clarification; however, our data indicate that the fraction of air space is reduced relative to the fraction of tissue space, and this change occurs with concurrent fibrosis in the alveolar septa and an increased pulmonary arterial pressure although hypoxia was not clinically detectable. PMID- 38493 TI - Bronchial reactivity in asthma to inhaled histamine during treatment with ketotifen. AB - A 12-week open trial using varying dosages of ketotifen, an oral drug with a prophylactic anti-asthmatic effect, was carried out in 20 patients with stable chronic bronchial asthma (age 20--50 years, no steroid treatment) to determine whether the frequency of asthma attacks and bronchodilator consumption could be reduced, and whether pulmonary function would improve. The protective action of ketoifen against a histamine inhalation test was measured at the beginning of the trial and at regular intervals during the trial. The patients experienced a significant improvement in their asthma and a significant decrease in the number of asthma attacks during the trial. Concomitantly, the need for other anti-asthma agents was reduced. Pulmonary function tests improved before and following histamine inhalation after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. In some patients cromoglycate was successfully replaced by ketotifen. Efficacy was rated as very good or good in 17 patients and moderate in 3 patients. Tolerance was good in all patients, no serious side-effects were observed. Summing up, it may be stated that ketotifen is a compound which by virtue of its activity profile and route of administration offers a new approach to the prophylactic treatment of bronchial asthma. PMID- 38495 TI - [Report from the 2d All-Union Congress of the Rheumatologists]. PMID- 38494 TI - Acid-base balance of pleural liquid in dogs. AB - Acid-base balance and electrolyte concentrations were measured in dogs on small artificial hydrothoraces and in vitro on bicarbonate buffered Ringer solution on serosal and interstitial side of specimens of parietal pleura. Under steady conditions, pleural liquid PCO 2 was similar to and pH higher (delta = 0.022 +/- 0.006 SE) than that in mixed venous blood. Computed pleural liquid [HCO-3] was similar to that in venous plasma and hence less than that set by the Donnan effect, with which Na+ and Cl- approximately complied. In vitro, pH, [Na+], [Cl ], and computed [HCO-3] were significantly lower (delta = 0.030 +/- 0.004; -2.6 +/- 0.5; -1.2 +/- 0.5 and -1.7 +/- 0.2 meq/L, respectively) on the serosal than on interstitial side of pleural specimens, PCO2 being 42 mm Hg on both sides . HCO-3 and Na+ were not distributed according to transpleural potential (-0.4 +/- 0.1 mV on serosal side), suggesting an active transport of Na+ and HCO-3 from pleural liquid to blood. This, however, does not seem to add to the absorption pressure of plasma proteins in setting pleural liquid pressure. PMID- 38496 TI - [Report from the 8th Rheumatological Conference of the Socialist Countries]. PMID- 38497 TI - [Cimetidine: a review (author's transl)]. PMID- 38498 TI - [Physiopathological and clinical aspects of Parkinson disease. Current problems]. AB - Some interpretative hypotheses of the most important symptoms of Parkinson's disease are formulated, on the ground of acquired neurohistopathologic elements and in the light of new observations of experimental neuro-physiology. The possible role of the inferior olivary body in the genesis of parkinsonian tremor is pointed out. The psycho-behavioural disorders and among these the severe weakness of pulsional control and the scanty elaboration of the affective emotional motivation would be in relation, according to the Authors, to the involvement of the pallido-habenular pathways and the habenuloreticular midbrain outflow (limbic midbrain area). PMID- 38499 TI - [The role of chlorine in a water solution in the determination of pH in common concentrations for disinfection]. PMID- 38501 TI - [Scientific Session of the Association of Swiss Neurosurgeons, June 9, 1978, following the First Congress of the Union of Swiss Surgical Specialist Societies, June 8--10, 1978 in Basel]. PMID- 38500 TI - Successful treatment with prednisone and graft-versus-host disease in an allogeneic bone-marrow transplant recipient. AB - A 51-year-old patient with aplastic anaemia in whom a successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation had been performed developed acute graft-versus-host disease in spite of prophylactic administration of methotrexate. There was severe liver injury but no involvement of the skin or intestines. When prednisone therapy was introduced the fever and the eosinophilia disappeared and liver damage was rapidly reversed. There was no haematological impairment. It would seem warranted to consider a wider use of prednisone in the treatment of acute GVHD in human recipients of allogeneic bone-marrow. PMID- 38502 TI - Brain peptides: is substance P a transmitter of pain signals? PMID- 38503 TI - Flurazepam and insomnia. PMID- 38504 TI - Antipsychotic drug action in schizophrenic patients: effect on cortical dopamine metabolism after long-term treatment. AB - In the brains of deceased schizophrenics who underwent long-term treatment with antipsychotic drugs, the concentration of homovanillic acid (a dopamine metabolite) was significantly increased in the orbital frontal, cingulate, and temporal tip areas of the cortex, but not in the putamen or the nucleus accumbens. The concentration of homovanillic acid was normal in the brains of schizophrenics who were not treated with drugs. PMID- 38505 TI - Acetaminophen: potentially toxic metabolite formed by human fetal and adult liver microsomes and isolated fetal liver cells. AB - A reactive metabolite of acetaminophen is hepatotoxic in humans when the drug is ingested in large overdoses. The ability of the human fetal and adult liver to oxidize acetaminophen by trapping the potentially toxic metabolite as a glutathione conjugate has been measured. Oxidation by fetal liver was approximately ten times slower than by adult liver. However, there was a definite increase in acetaminophen oxidation with fetal age. Isolated human fetal liver cells conjugated acetaminophen with sulfate but not with glucuronic acid. The results indicate that the human fetal liver is able to detoxify acetaminophen by conjugation. However, it also catalyzes the formation of an active metabolite of acetaminophen through oxidation. Hence the fetus remains at risk should a large dose of the drug cross into the fetal circulation. PMID- 38506 TI - [Therapeutical study in patients admitted to an emergency unit (author's transl)]. AB - In an emergency Unit tiaprid has been used in: acute alcoholism and delirium or pre-delirium states. Good results have been obtained with 200 mg (IV) possibly repeated every twenty minutes. PMID- 38507 TI - [The treatment of essential cramp muscular (author's transl)]. AB - The cramp in usual practice of practitioner are to difficult treatment such their appeared of different origin. The tiapride that we have used to the dose of 200 to 400 milligrams of 24 hours. We have seemed to have a very clean activity on the cramp ask essential, which are very frequent in practice of practitioner. PMID- 38508 TI - [Kinetics of action of Vectarion. Ventilatory chemo-stimulant (author's transl)]. AB - Vectarion has a powerful respiratory stimulant effect in animals and in man which is manifested by a significant and lasting increase in ventilation, as shown by a marked lowering of arterial P. CO2 and an increase in blood pH. This activity is maintained in dogs with experimental alkalosis or acidosis as well as during morphine or oxygen-induced respiratory depression. This respiratory stimulating action originates at the level of the aortic and carotid chemo-receptors: this explains why Vectarion is devoid of any epileptogenic risk. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate the peak of activity and duration of action of an intravenous perfusion of Vectarion, in such a way as to be able to plan administration all through the day and night. PMID- 38509 TI - Duodenal ulcer in the new-born (author's transl). AB - A new-born baby was found to have a duodenal ulcer after developing a severe hematemesis 24 hours after birth. The diagnosis was established by fibroscopic examination, which was also used to follow progress in this case, in which operation for a secondary hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus led to a favourable outcome. The role of "stress" and, more particularly, gastric hyperacidity in the neonatal period are discussed. Once the critical period is passed, during which hemorrhage and perforation are the cause of the high mortality, recovery is complete. PMID- 38510 TI - [New therapeutics import in clinical manifestations on alcoholism (author's transl)]. AB - The nutritional and neurologic manifestations of alcoholism can be corrected by neutralizing the topic effects of the alcoholemia on neurologic centers and the resultant metabolic excesses. Tiapride has obtained its preferencial action on the mesolimbic region, interesting therapeutic results in the different clinical forms of this type of intoxication. PMID- 38511 TI - [Therapeutical trial in recovery room (author's transl)]. AB - During a limited period of time, the authors have systematically administered tiapride to all patients in the immediate post-operative phase presenting with: nausea, vomiting, pain. Intravenous injection of a single dose of 400 mg of tiapride produces: a strong anti-emetic action; an inconstant analgesic action, but very interesting for it is not accompanied with adverse effects. PMID- 38512 TI - [Advances on prolactin (author's transl)]. AB - Prolactin has been lately singled-out among the pituitary hormones, and as such the object of considerable research in the past 15 years. The frequency of prolactin secreting adenomes is established now. The responsability of iatrogenic factors (neuroleptics, oral contraceptives) in some hyperprolactineamias is a known fact. The study of the inhibiting dopaminergic system was a landmark in the treatment of hyperprolactinaemia. During the recent Nice Congress, some issues remained unsettled on the physiological activities of prolactin. The matter is clearer when its comes to prolactin secretion. In equilibrium between inhibiting and stimulant factors, the secretion is controlled by the CNS, influenced by the hormonal environment, and its timing is the object of a retrocontrol. This is a very instructive pattern in endocrinology. PMID- 38513 TI - [Abnormal movements and shaking in geriatrics (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have experimented tiapride in 37 cases of abnormal movements and 20 cases of shaking anxio depresive origin. The best indication of tiapride corresponds to lingual buccal an facial dyskinesia caused by neuroleptics and senile trembling increased by alcoholism. On the other hand its anxiolytic and anti shaking properties are more limited. Finally in the case of degenerative senile trembling its action is less effective. Tolerance to tiapride seemed to be excellent even at high dose. PMID- 38514 TI - [Recurrent attacks of facial neuralgia (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports one case of sedation by tiapride of severe and recurrent attacks of facial neuralgia. Knowing the rather poor therapeutic means for this disease, it is suggested to extend the use of this recent neurotropic drug to this purpose. PMID- 38515 TI - Autoimmune diseases in pregnancy. PMID- 38516 TI - Central chemoreceptor function in the fetus. PMID- 38517 TI - Strategies for using and evaluating physician assistants and family nurse practitioners. AB - New health practitioners are no longer new on the medical scene, but they still present a radical innovation in the provision of medical care. As such, they pose both rational and emotional threats to physicians, nurses, and administrators. Two pivotal questions related to their acceptance and use will be discussed in this presentation: (1) How can new health practitioners best be introduced to office and hospital health workers? (2) How much responsibility can these new health workers be allowed? Strategies and tactics for the introduction and honest evaluation of these new health workers will be provided. PMID- 38518 TI - [Histamine and serotonin concentration in the blood of parturients receiving combined electroanalgesia and viadril]. PMID- 38519 TI - Influence of long-term citro-soda ingestion on acid-base balance and blood gases. AB - Citro-Soda (Abbott), 4 gram every 6 hours, was administered orally over a period of 8 weeks to 20 healthy female volunteers, and its influence on acid-base, urinary pH and other biochemical parameters was assessed. The mean urinary pH increased from a basal value of 6,0 to 7,4 after 7 days, and to 7,7 after 8 weeks. Blood pH increased significantly during the first 2 weeks only, and then returned to basal values. Likewise, the base excess and standard bicarbonate values increased significantly during the first 2 weeks only. The PO2 and PCO2 remained within normal limits for the duration of the trial. Electrolyte values and liver and kidney function showed no abnormality. Thus, in subjects with normal renal function, Citro-Soda appears to be safe for long-term use in a dosage adequate for sustained urinary alkalinization. PMID- 38520 TI - Beta-adrenergic blockade in the treatment of tricyclic antidepressant overdose. PMID- 38521 TI - The MEA-I syndrome: an all or none phenomenon? AB - Studies of two kindreds with the MEA-I syndrome prompted us to challenge the long standing concept that endocrine involvement in this syndrome may be limited to one or two endocrine glands. Evaluation of medical histories, autopsies, or biochemical screening of 72 family members from five generations suggests that individuals inheriting the trait will develop endocrinopathy in all three endocrine systems characteristically involved in this syndrome, i.e., parathyroids, islets of Langerhans, and pituitary. Thirty-six surgical procedures have been performed on 21 family members. Gastrointestinal bleeding was the cause of death in 10 of 11 affected individuals. Only two individuals who inherited the trait have lived beyond 54 years, one with a total gastrectomy and one taking Cimetidine. In each instance, when tissue from one of the three endocrine systems was obtained (surgery or autopsy), abnormalities were documented. A search of the English-language literature (1953 to 1978) for reports of complete autopsies of MEA-I-affected individuals indicated pathology in all three endocrine systems in 29 of 32 cases. Medical and surgical management of this inherited disorder should be based on the concept that pathological changes will develop in the parathyroids, pancreatic islets, and the pituitary. PMID- 38522 TI - [After the National Convention: formidable tasks await new leaders]. PMID- 38523 TI - [Occupational nurses' study days]. PMID- 38524 TI - [Drug information. Therapeutic main group: agents for the treatment of dizziness. Last part]. PMID- 38525 TI - [Kirsten Stallknecht to the Danish Nursing Council's special congress: it is not unethical to want fair wages for one's work]. PMID- 38526 TI - [Pathogenesis of hemorrhagic fever with a renal syndrome]. PMID- 38527 TI - Teratology Society meeting. Nineteenth annual meeting, June 10--14, 1979, Sugar Loaf Mountain Resort, Cedar, Michigan. Program and abstracts. PMID- 38528 TI - Physical studies on isolated human prothrombin fragment-2. Comparisons with human prothrombin fragment-1. AB - Variation of pH strongly affects the fluorescence intensity of human prothrombin fragment-1 in a manner suggesting contributions from a number of protropic equilibria including groups with apparent pKa values near 3.0. These results suggest a structural role for pK1a of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid noieties. Added calcium ions (9 mM calcium chloride) quench the fluorescence titration curve uniformly above pH 4. Below pH 4, however, the titration curve in the presence of calcium ions suggests that calcium-ion-dependent processes leading to fluorescence quenching are pH-dependent. Upon back titration of human fragment-1, from pH 9, hysteresis is observed. Human prothrombin fragment-2 fluorescence titration curves are relatively broad at low pH suggesting the titration of normal carboxyl groups. The titration curves of fragment-2 are not affected by the presence of calcium ions, and hysteresis occurs upon back titration from low pH values. Circular dichroism (CD) Cotton effects appear at 232 nm and 280 nm and a trough appears at 203 nm in the CD spectrum of human prothrombin fragment-2. The Cotton effects in the region from 230 nm to 300 nm are sensitive to pH, ellipticity values at 232 nm increasing from approximately 300 at pH 2.5 to 1300 (degree-cm/decimole) at neutral pH and finally become negative at high pH values. In contrast to fragment-1, at neutral pH the fragment-2 Cotton effect at 232 nm is insensitive to the presence of 8 mM calcium chloride. PMID- 38529 TI - [Allergy preparations]. PMID- 38530 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 8th annual meeting of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Thorax-, Herz- und Gefasschirurgie, German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. PMID- 38531 TI - [Detoxification of toxic agents from the blood. Clinical results with a new hemoperfusion system: the Hemopur 260]. PMID- 38532 TI - Formation and inactivation of a chemically reactive metabolite of vinyl chloride. PMID- 38533 TI - [Determination of phthivazid in biological material]. PMID- 38534 TI - [Extraction of tricresyl phosphate from aqueous solutions with organic solvents depending on the pH of the medium]. PMID- 38535 TI - Eighth Cambridge ophthalmological symposium, Perrers Taylor memorial, September, 1978. Destructive disease of the cornea. PMID- 38536 TI - Destructive corneal disease in the connective tissue disorders. Comparison with an experimental animal model. AB - The corneo-scleral changes described are highly characteristic and may be the first signs of an underlying systemic disorder so that otherwise healthy patients who present with limbal guttering and scleral disease must be continuously monitored with this association in mind. The clinical and histological features of limbal guttering in connective tissue disorders strongly suggest that a local antigen-antibody reaction triggers off a number of biochemical and cellular responses which combine to produce lysis of scleral and corneal collagen, although immune complexes have not so far been demonstrated in these eyes. Modes of therapy aimed at one particular chain of events have varying degrees of success, as indeed does more blunderbuss treatment with steroids, anti inflammatory drugs, or cytotoxic agents. The early stages of the ocular lesion in the rabbit are now being studied, as is the immunological basis for its production. It is hoped that further work with the animal model will lead to a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of these conditions, which will turn provide both ophthalmologists and rheumatologists with more scientific guidelines for treatment. PMID- 38538 TI - Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Symposium on chemotherapy of tropical diseases. PMID- 38537 TI - Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Nineteenth seminar on trypanosomiasis. Summaries of papers. PMID- 38539 TI - Hydrogen ion excretion and urine osmolality in patients with obstructive uropathy secondary to Schistosoma haematobium. AB - Sixty-one patients with urinary schistosomiasis were studied to determine the effects of obstruction and bacteriuria on renal function. 39 (12 with bacteriuria) had demonstrable obstruction and 22 (5 with bacteriuria) had no obstruction. Total hydrogen ion excretion (T.H.+) for obstructed patients with sterile urine did not differ from that in controls; patients with bacteriuria with and without obstruction had a significantly lower T.H.+ (all P values less than 0.05). Obstructed patients (with or without bacteriuria) had significant impairment of maximal (U max) and minimal (U min) urine osmolality. Patients with bilateral obstruction and bacteriuria had a significantly lower U max (P less than 0.01 than obstructed patients without bacteriuria. The T.H.+ is mainly associated with bacteriuria but that the effects of unilateral or bilateral obstruction and bacteriuria on urine osmolality are additive. These abnormalities are usually corrected after therapy. PMID- 38540 TI - Lactic acidemia in baboons after transfusion of red blood cells with improved oxygen transport function and exposure to severe arterial hypoxemia. AB - Baboons were bled one-third of their blood volume and then transfused with an equivalent volume of compatible donor red blood cells with 160 per cent of normal 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels and improved capacity to release oxygen to tissue. The mixture of baboon donor-recipient red blood cells in the circulation had a 2,3-DPG level of 130 per cent of normal. After transfusion, the baboon's inspired oxygen was first lowered from 21 to 10 per cent to produce severe arterial hypoxemia with a PO2 tension of less than 40 mm Hg for two hours and then restored to 21 per cent. Lactic acidemia occurred when the alveolar oxygen tension was reduced so as to produce an arterial oxygen tension of less than 40 mm Hg, even though oxygen consumption was maintained. The data suggest that when red blood cells with normal or improved oxygen delivering capacity are transfused to patients, the alveolar oxygen tension should be sufficient to maintain an arterial oxygen tension of greater than 40 mm Hg. PMID- 38541 TI - Reactivity of Lewis lymph node and bone marrow cells to F344 non-AgB histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 38542 TI - Immunosuppressive effect of middle molecules in vitro. PMID- 38543 TI - Influence of recirculating lymphocytes on the rejection of first-set rat organ allografts. PMID- 38544 TI - Suppression of GVH mortality by mouse neonatal liver cells. PMID- 38545 TI - [Method for the identification and quantitative determination, by thin-layer chromatography, of clemizole in a combination ointment of hexachlorophene and hydrocortisone]. PMID- 38546 TI - [Activation of plasminogen with immobilized trypsin]. AB - Human plasminogen isolated from the placenta serum fraction by means of affinity chromatography was activated by trypsin being in covalent bond with sepharose. The activation is studied as dependent on pH, temperature and the proenzyme activator ratio in the presence of 25% glycerol as a stabilizing agent and without it. Utilization of the immobilized trypsin as a plasminogen activator makes it possible to transform completely the proenzyme to plasmin varying the plasminogen-trypsin ratio and time of activation when it is conducted under optimal conditions: in the presence of 25% glycerol at pH 7.0-7.1 and the temperature of 30 degrees C. PMID- 38547 TI - [Properties of immobilized complexes of Streptomyces griseus proteases on different carriers]. AB - A complex of Str. griseus proteases was obtained. The proteases were immobilized on Sephadex G-200 and agarose by the bromo-cyanogen method and on the microcrystalline cellulose by means of TiCl3. The enzymic complex immobilized on different carriers possesses the proteolytic activity of a wide specificity. Due to addition to different carriers the activity of certain enzymes producing the complex varies. The immobilized complex is shown to be more stable in the alkaline zone. The immobilized complex is shown to be more stable in the alkaline zone. The temperature optimum of the activity of the immobilized forms is higher than in the initial enzyme and is 70--75 degrees C. Under multiple application of the immobilized forms of the protease complex the preparation obtained on Sephadix G-200 by the bromo-cyanogen method is most stable: it retains 70% of initial activity after 10-repeated applications. PMID- 38548 TI - [Immobilization of aspergillus oryzae aminopeptidase on organic and inorganic carriers]. AB - The process of Asp. oryzae aminopeptidase immobilization on organic (AE cellulose, sepharose 4B, Sephadex G-200) and inorganic (SCh-2, SCh-3 sylochromes and KCK N 1 silicagel) carriers was studied. Aminopeptidase immobilized on Sephadex G-200 contains the largest amount of protein (80 mg per 1 g of carrier) and is the most active of all other preparations. The immobilized preparations retain the temperature optimum, like the soluble form, at 60 degrees C, except the preparation immobilized on AE-cellulose (50 degrees C). At temperatures of 70, 80 degrees C the obtained preparations are more thermostable than the initial enzyme. The pH-stability zone for the preparations immobilized by means of sylochrome-3 and Sephadex G-200 is wider to some extent as compared to the soluble enzyme. When studying the substrate specificity it is established that leucyl-glycyl-glycine is the best substrate for both the soluble form and the immobilized preparations. Multiple application of the immobilized aminopeptidase is shown to be possible. PMID- 38549 TI - [Immobilization of Penicillium vitale glucose-oxidase on aminosilochrome and properties of immobilized enzyme]. AB - Penicillium vitale glucose-oxidase modified by means of the carbohydrate component oxidation is added covalently to aminoorganosylochrome. The activity of the immobilized preparations is 20-38% depending on the protein-carrier ration in immobilization. Comparison of some properties of native and immobilized glucose oxidase showed that the rH optimum of the immobilized glucose-oxidase is slightly widened towards the alkaline regions; the immobilized glucose-oxidase possesses a considerably higher pH-stability at pH alkaline values; the immobilized glucose oxidase preparations are characterized by a significantly greater thermostability: their thermoinactivation constant at 65 degrees C is 8-10 times lower than that of the native enzyme. PMID- 38550 TI - [Properties of amylase immobilized on aerosil derivatives]. AB - The properties of three preparations of alpha-amylase immobilized on aminoaerosil by 2,4-toluylenediisocyanate and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as on carboxyaerosil by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide were compared with the properties of soluble enzyme. Under immobilization the pH-effect and pH-stability zones of amylase are 0.5--1.0 pH units shifted towards the alkaline region. The preparations in which the enzyme is bound with the matrix through the amine groups on carboxyaerosil by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and on aminoaerosil by 2,4 toluylenediisocyanate are the most stable at 50 degrees C and to the EDTA effect. The preparation obtained by means of 2,4-toluylenediisocyanate contains a greater amount of the bound protein, is more active and stable. PMID- 38551 TI - Addendum to "reconstruction of glutamine synthetase using computer averaging". PMID- 38552 TI - [The influence of uric acid on the calcium oxalate stone formation (author's transl)]. AB - Statistic analysis of data from 209 calcium oxalate stone patients and 42 stone free patients pertinent to the concentration and excretion of uric acid in urine and of uric acid levels in the serum yielded no significant difference between the two groups. Only 17% of the calcium oxalate stone patients suffered from hyperuricuria and hyperuricemia was found only in 15% of these patients. Based on these findings, our in-vitro experiments as to the influence of uric acid on calcium oxalate stone formation yielded the following results: firstly, precipitates in urine form only at uric acid concentrations which in-vivo are rate exceptions humans, and secondly, the precipitates at pH 5.5--6.0 always contain uric acid, and a precipitation of calcium oxalate only is never observed. From the experiments one has to conclude that there exists no "salting-out effect" of uric acid on calcium oxalate in urine but rather that precipitate formation reflects the individual solution- and crystallization characteristics of the precipitating compounds. PMID- 38553 TI - In vitro study of phenothiazine effects on urinary bladder. AB - Clinical observations suggest that long-term phenothiazine therapy can cause urinary retention and stress incontinence. The phenothiazines, chlorpromazine and perchlorperazine, depress bladder smooth muscle activity in vitro by depressing bladder smooth muscle activity directly and by a peripheral cholinergic blocking action. PMID- 38554 TI - E. Cowles Andrus. PMID- 38555 TI - A new class of drugs that inhibit platelet release and aggregation. PMID- 38556 TI - Pulmonary carbonic anhydrase and the release of carbon dioxide from the blood. PMID- 38557 TI - How do antidepressant drugs work? PMID- 38558 TI - [The meeting of the auxilliary personnel from the field of obstetrics and gynecology on the topic: "The pregnant woman at high risk"]. PMID- 38559 TI - Formaldehyde-fluorescamine-induced fluorescence as a property of carcinoma cells. AB - Fluorescamine is a sensitive cytochemical probe for primary amino groups and produces an intense general fluorescence in unfixed tissue sections reflecting the ubiquitous occurrence of such groups. Following treatment with formaldehyde, most primary amino groups react to form derivatives unable to yield fluorescence with fluorescamine. Certain cell systems, however, contain amino groups which do not react with formaldehyde but display strong reactivity with fluorescamine. In formaldehyde- and fluorescamine-treated specimens such cell systems display an intense fluorescence, whereas the majority of tissue constituents are non fluorescent. Fluorescent cell systems include certain protein- and peptide secreting cells and a large number of different types of carcinoma cells. In some cases it appears that neoplastic transformation is necessary before the cells display formaldehyde-fluorescamine-induced fluorescence. Available data indicate that the reactive substance(s) are peptide in nature and that the production of such substance(s) may be a general property of carcinoma cells. PMID- 38560 TI - Histochemical studies on carbohydrate metabolism in rat liver after galactosamine administration. AB - The development of hepatitis, induced in 48 rats by the administration of galactosamine (GalN) in varying doses, was studied with the use of substrate and enzyme histochemical techniques. The so-called atypical glycogen, which is at first highly resistant to diastase, was shown to be digestible after deamination. The increasing accumulation of atypical glycogen during the course of GalN hepatitis conceals the loss of normal glycogen when the PAS-reaction is used. Nevertheless glycogenolysis could also be demonstrated by the increasing activity of phosphorylase. The acid phosphatase activity was progressively diminished, which was interpreted as signifying early lysosomal damage. G6Pase activity remained nearly constant but SDH showed a decrease in activity after 12 h. These histochemical results are considered to provide deeper insight into the pathological mechanism of GalN-hepatitis. PMID- 38561 TI - [Prenatal induction of hepatocellular glycogen storage areas and tumors in mice by ethylnitrosourea (author's transl)]. PMID- 38562 TI - Ultrastructural localization of apo-b and apo-c binding to very low density lipoproteins in rat liver. AB - Hepatic synthesis of apo-B and apo-C and their binding to nascent very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) have been studied in fat-fed rats. Apolipoproteins were located in hepatocyte organelles by light and electron microscopy after immunoenzymatic staining using peroxidase-conjugated antibodies. Our results indicate that apo-B and apo-C are synthesized by membrane-bound ribosomes. Both apoproteins seem to be adsorbed simultaneously to the lipid core of VLDL in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum channels, at the junction zone between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Some additional protein presumably binds nascent VLDL in the Golgi apparatus as judged by the strong positive reaction of lipoprotein particles with peroxidase-labeled antibodies. Finally our data show that significant amounts of apo-B and apo-C are bound to the sinusoidal plasma membrane in fed rat livers which probably represent remnants of lipoprotein of intestinal origin since membrane-bound apolipoproteins virtually disappeared 24 h after lymphatic duct cannulation. It is suggested that nascent VLDL (apo-C poor) could be enriched in apo-C from lipoprotein remnants at the space of Disse. PMID- 38563 TI - Experimental study of follicle formation in suppressed parathyroid glands of Mongolian gerbils. AB - Parathyroid follicle formation was studied in Mongolian gerbils subjected to different concentrations of calcium in vivo and in vitro, using light and electron microscopic methods, including the potassium pyroantimonate technique and x-ray microanalysis for identification of cations. Follicles were frequent at high calcium concentration, but sparse at intermediate and low levels of calcium. Two main types of follicle were differentiated: "degenerative follicles" containing cellular debris and lined by smooth-surfaced epithelium which occasionally showed degenerative changes; and "secretory follicles" characterized by amorphous and granular contents, and an epithelium possessing microvilli and cytoplasmic projections. Amorphous masses were also seen in dilated intercellular spaces and in dilated cisterns of rough endoplasmic reticulum in the follicle epithelium. Calcium-containing precipitates were found in degenerating chief cells, and between degenerating cells and follicles. Parathyroid follicles are believed to be formed by degeneration of suppressed chief cells (degenerative follicles), and by secretion of hormonal and/or other substances into dilated intercellular spaces which progressively increase in size to form follicular cavities (secretory follicles), thereby possibly reducing the level of metabolically active parathyroid hormone. Functional suppression is believed to underlie the development of parathyroid follicles. PMID- 38564 TI - Occurence and cytodifferentiation of mucopolysaccharide secreting cells in the pancreas of children with nesidioblastosis. AB - Large numbers of mucopolysaccharide secreting cells were found in the pancreatic tissue of children with nesidioblastosis. Ultrastructural studies showed that mucus cells contained secretion granules and a characteristic smooth endoplasmic reticulum composed of an array of anastomosed tubules. The periodic acid - thiocarbohydrazide - silver reaction demonstrated the presence of glycogen in the hyaloplasm and of polysaccharides in secretion granules, the Golgi apparatus and in vesicles. A hypothesis is proposed, according to which mucus cells differentiate from a pancreatic stem cell common to both endocrine and exocrine tissues, through a mitochondria-rich intermediate cell stage. PMID- 38565 TI - Effect of iodide-deficiency on rat mammary gland. AB - When rats are kept iodide-deficient, atrophy and necrosis takes place in the mammary gland and areas of dysplasia and atypia are seen. Administration of estradiol to iodide-deficient rats stimulates cell division in the gland and leads to the formation of alveoli. Continued stimulation by estradiol produces changes in the newly-formed alveolar cells. Their nucleoli are altered and show a separation of components. Ribosomes and lipid droplets increase and the cells synthesize large vacuoles containing protein. The secretion of great quantities of this material into areas of the tissue where regressive changes have occurred undoubtedly contributes to the formation of cysts within the gland. The present findings indicate that iodide-deficiency alters the structure and function of mammary gland alveolar cells and makes them highly sensitive to stimulation by estradiol. PMID- 38566 TI - A model for the study of epithelial migration in wound healing. AB - A model is described which enables the detailed study of epithelial regeneration in experimentally produced lesions in the common bile duct of the rabbit. The circular on slightly oval defect of 1 mm diameter produced by a specially developed apparatus has a perfectly smooth base. Epithelial migration in this model has been investigated using light microscopy of transverse sections and scanning electron microscopy of whole preparations. Typical changes in the border cells, characterised by the formation of tapered protusions, can be observed as early as two hours after the lesion has been made. Later the cells in the flattened edge of the moving border also show various types of protrusion which rest on the substratum. Mitotic activity in the surface epithelium and crypts in the surrounding region only increases after closure of the lesion, which usually takes place within 16--24 h. PMID- 38567 TI - Surface configuration of mesothelial cells in effusions. A comparative light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic study. AB - Surface configuration of mesothelial cells identified by light microscopy (LM) has been studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been shown that mesothelial cells may have a variable SEM appearance. The surfaces of a small proportion of mesothelial cells are covered by regular microvilli (MV) and show openings of the pinocytotic vesicles. The surfaces of the majority of these cells are covered by vesicles or blebs. An intermediate population of mesothelial cells, i.e., cells displaying side-by-side blebs and MV, has also been observed. The latter cells no longer display pinocytotic vesicles. Occasional mesothelial cells have smooth surfaces. It has been shown by LM and transmission electron microscopy that cells with blebs are viable and capable of mitotic activity. It is concluded that mesothelial cells, detached from their epithelial setting, lose microvilli and pinocytotic vesicles and acquire surface blebs. The possible relationship between mesothelial cells and macrophages based on surface features has been discussed. PMID- 38568 TI - Structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid. PMID- 38569 TI - Proceedings of a meeting on Visual sensitivity and adaptation. Sponsored by the British Photobiology Society and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology Inc. held at the University of Surrey, Guildford 19--23 September 1978. PMID- 38570 TI - [Clinical importance of intragastric titration in the study of the gastric acid forming function using intragastric pH measurement]. PMID- 38571 TI - [Use of aerosils in activating plasma prekallikrein]. AB - Activation of prekallikreine from human blood plasma was studied using silica (airsiles), which carried functional groups with acidic and alkaline properties on the surface. Prekallikrein was similarly activated by amino- and carboxyairsiles, possessing positive and negative electric charges, respectively, at neutral pH value in a medium. Lysozyme, ribonuclease and spermidine inhibited partially the prekallikreine activation; spermine inhibited it completely. PMID- 38572 TI - [Diagnosis of histidinemia through using the determination of urocanic acid in the sweat by an enzymatic method]. AB - A diagnosis of histidinemia was confirmed by estimation of urokaninic acid in sweat using highly purified preparation of urokaninase from rat liver tissue. The content of urokaninic acid was estimated by the method developed and by means of a known chemical method, which involved reduction of urokaninic acid with zinc in a medium containing HCL; seven children with histidinemia and ten healthy children were examined. The diagnosis of histidinemia was confirmed since the content of urokaninic acid was distinctly decreased in sweat of the imparied children as compared with the control group. The method developed was highly sensitive, reproducible and accurate. PMID- 38573 TI - [Automatic intragastric titration, a method for the functional diagnosis of stomach diseases]. PMID- 38574 TI - [Composition of kidney, ureteral and bladder stones]. PMID- 38575 TI - [Vasoactive lipids (author's transl)]. PMID- 38576 TI - The effects of cytochrome P-450-448 inhibitors on the binding of benzo(a)pyrene and derivatives to DNA upon microsomal activation. AB - 1. [3H]Benzo(a)pyrene and 6-substituted derivatives of [3H]benzo(a)pyrene are covalently bound to calf thymus DNA upon reaction with microsomal preparations from rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene in the presence of NADPH. Two different types of cytochrome P-450-448 inhibitors, alpha-naphthoflavone and 1 benzylimidazole, show greater than 80% inhibition of the binding of benzo(a)pyrene to DNA. 2. In the presence of these inhibitors, 6 hydroxymethylbenzo(a)pyrene, 6-methylbenzo(a)pyrene and 6-formylbenzo(a)pyrene show varying degrees of inhibition of binding to DNA depending upon the inhibitor employed. 3. Polyguanylic acid is the most effective substrate for the binding of each activated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon; polyadenylic acid and DNA show essentially equivalent binding. PMID- 38577 TI - Effect of beta-adrenergic blockers on experimentally-induced convulsion and narcosis. PMID- 38578 TI - [New viewpoints in the pathogenesis and therapy of bronchial asthma]. AB - The bronchial asthma is a polyetiologic syndrome with increased bronchomotoric excitability. The most important forms are the allergic asthma, the infection conditioned one, the asthma conditioned by analgetics, the exertion and the irritation asthma. Apart from the direct affections on the smooth musculature and other target cells reflectorical mechanisms play an essential part. The first above all operate in the smaller respiratory tracts and stand in the foreground in the allergic bronchial asthma. The latter have above all an influence on the larger bronchi and are to be found in a typical way in irritation asthma. However, the transitions are fluent. The differentiation of the responsible mechanisms and the localisation of the bronchial obstruction give the possibility of a more aimed treatment. An essential improvement of the -- symptomatic -- treatment might be achieved, when the factors of the increasing bronchomotoric excitability are better known. PMID- 38579 TI - Ultrastructural peculiarities of the chemical transmission of the nerve impulse in the gravity receptors of some invertebrates. AB - Electron microscopic and cytochemical studies of the synapses of the gravity receptors in Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Annelids and Molluscs has shown the mediators both of cholinergic and adrenergic systems. As a rule, the two mediatros were connected with different receptor systems (Ctenophora) or with the synaptic structures of various parts of the chain: receptor--neuron--effector (Medusa, Annelids). The synaptic transmission in the gravity receptor of studied molluscs classes is carried out by means of either cholinergic or adrenergic systems. PMID- 38581 TI - [Dramatic congress by the Municipal Employees' Cartel: regulations hottest issue]. PMID- 38580 TI - [Morphofunctional features of the substantia nigra, its role in brain pathology and the action of pharmacologic substances]. PMID- 38582 TI - [PTK congress calm and orderly. Guest speakers provide interesting contributions]. PMID- 38583 TI - [Unnecessary and cruel that the dying should be in pain!]. PMID- 38584 TI - [Prerequisites to the isolation of a group of polar infections]. PMID- 38586 TI - London 1979: there's never been a better time. PMID- 38585 TI - [Relationship between interhemispheric irradiation of excitation and the individual characteristics of the animal]. AB - The changes in irradiation coefficient (the ratio between the value of secretion resulting from interhemispheric irradiation of secretion and the main one secreted on the side of excitation evaluated in per cent) were studied in norm and under different functional loads in dogs with exposed symmetrical parts of the tongue following the method of K. S. Abuladse. It is shown that dogs with low and mean level of irradiation of excitation have good mobility of nervous processes and rapid excitation in homonomous structures whereas dogs with high coefficient of irradiation demonstrated inert nervous processes and were not able to show a clear one-way reaction during interhemispheric interaction. A group of dogs with sharply pronounced asymmetry in coefficient of irradiation to the right and to the left is described. This description permitted an assumption about functional heterogeneity of the hemispheres. The obtained data showed that the character of interhemispheric irradiation is determined by individual characteristics of animals. PMID- 38587 TI - [Work planning experience and the improvement in therapeutic and prophylactic service at feldsher obstetrical centers]. PMID- 38588 TI - [Dynamics of the neurohumoral reactions of the resistive and capacitive vessels of the skin-muscle region in cats in the process of adaptation to the Alpine conditions in the Tien Shan. III. Reactions to the intra-arterial administration of catecholamines]. PMID- 38589 TI - [Dynamics of the immunological phenomena in a complicated course of myocardial infarction (Dressler's syndrome)]. PMID- 38590 TI - [Humoral immunity factors in osteoarticular tuberculosis]. PMID- 38591 TI - [Circulating blood volume and the extent of the blood loss during radical operations on the rectum for cancer]. PMID- 38592 TI - [Humoral immunity characteristics in young infants under Alpine conditions]. PMID- 38593 TI - [Basic trends in the improvement of rural public health in Kirghizia]. PMID- 38594 TI - [Fractional duodenal intubation in the differential diagnosis of biliary tract dyskinesia in children]. PMID- 38595 TI - [Changes in the electrical conductance of the blood in irradiated animals]. PMID- 38596 TI - [Pharmacology of Tianshan Adonis]. PMID- 38597 TI - [Method of lyophilic drying of meningococci used in the laboratory of the Kirghiz Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology and Hygiene]. PMID- 38598 TI - [Agglutination reaction in the diagnosis of staphylococcal lesions of the gastrointestinal tract in young infants]. PMID- 38599 TI - [Hygienic assessment of the quality of dishware washing and disinfecting by various treatment methods in public food establishments]. PMID- 38600 TI - [Renal hemorrhages in hemophilia in children]. PMID- 38601 TI - [Organizational problems of inventive creativity in medicine]. PMID- 38602 TI - [Case of primary liver cancer in a newborn infant]. PMID- 38603 TI - [Combined wounds of the abdominal cavity organs and heart (a case from practice)]. PMID- 38604 TI - [In memoriam Salim Dzhangirovich Rafibekov]. PMID- 38605 TI - [Deontology in pediatrics]. PMID- 38606 TI - Factors affecting the microbial and chemical composition of silage. IV. Effect of wilting on maize silage. AB - The effect of wilting on the microbial and chemical composition of ensiled maize plants was studied. Wilting stimulated high densities of lactic acid bacteria, with the decrease in counts of undesirable flora, i.e., yeasts, moulds, proteolytic and saccharolytic anaerobes, causing spoilage of silage. Moreover, wilting decreased the losses of dry matter, total acidity, and butyric acid content of silage. Accordingly, wilting proved to be a favourable treatment for the production of good quality silage from maize plants. PMID- 38607 TI - [Metabolism of ammonium compounds by Azotobacter chroococcum (author's transl)]. AB - A study on the metabolism of ammonium sulphate, amino acids, peptides, and nutrient broth by Azotobacter chroococcum is presented in this paper. Some of the amino acids studied lowered the pH of the medium while others alkalinized it. After prolonged incubation desamination could be observed. Peptides were hydrolyzed in some cases, although glycyl-glycyl-glycin was not degraded. A certain amount of growth could be observed with peptone as a sole source of carbon. Both nitrogen fixation and growth were stimulated by nutrient broth, but the medium was alkalinized when a higher concentration of nutrient broth was used, due to the production of ammonia. PMID- 38608 TI - Production of cellulase (Cx) by different species of Erwinia. AB - The tested isolates of Erwinia chrysanthemi (corn pathotype) and E. carotovora constitutively produce high levels of cellulase(s) (Cx) in presence or absence of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) as substrate in the medium. The tested isolates of E. atroseptica produced high levels of cellulase when grown in presence of both carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) and sucrose, low levels in presence of carboxymethyl-cellulose alone, and traces of cellulase(s) in presence of sucrose alone. The activity of cellulase(s), present in culture supernatants of E. chrysanthemi (corn pathotype) and E. carotovora, occurred in a broad range of pH value (2.2--9) with an optimum pH ranging from pH 4 to 7. However, the activity of cellulase(s), present in culture supernatant of E. atroseptica, occurred in a narrow range of pH value (3--7) with an optimum of about pH 5. PMID- 38609 TI - [Chief nervous processes as the foundation for the evolution of nervous activity]. PMID- 38610 TI - [Freeze fracture study of vesicle attachment sites during mediator liberation in spinal motoneuron synapses]. AB - Freeze-fractured appearances of vesicle attachement sites (VAS) in presynaptic active zone were studied in the spinal cord of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) treated and nembutalized rats. The VAS were classified into: type 1 containing no intramembranous particles, type 2 with particles around the edge of openings, type 3 containing several particles within the VAS. The application of 4-AP, which is known to enhance transmitter release, affected strikingly the total number of VAS (p less than 0.001) but not the proportion of the three types. The predominance of type 3 outside the active zone and its similarity to particle loaded indentations possibly corresponding to coated vesicle formation, suggested that type 3 may represent endocytosis. It is likely that the remaining two types represent exocytosis. PMID- 38611 TI - [Evolution of neuronal connecting mechanisms: electrical, mixed and chemical synapses]. AB - Investigation of the mechanisms of junctional transmission in the isolated spinal cord in cyclostomes, amphibians, reptilia and mammals reveals the decrease in the number of electrical synapses during evolution from primitive to more advanced vertebrates. Electrical transmission is lacking in reptilian and mammalian cord. On the basis of these data, the analysis of the unitary EPSPs evoked in motoneurons of the lamprey and frog by intracellular stimulation of reticulospinal axons and primary afferent fibers and dendrodendritic interaction between motoneurons, a hypothesis is advanced that neurons of similar type may communicate through pure electrical junctions, whereas successive synaptic articulations between different functional groups of neurons are formed by mixed or chemical synapses. The cellular mechanisms controlling interneuronal communications are discussed. PMID- 38612 TI - [Neuromediators and neuromodulators. Evolution of compounds and the evolution of hypotheses]. AB - Probable peculiarities of evolution of neurotransmitters (NM) and neuromodulators (NR) of various types are discussed. The hypothesis of higher evolutionary rate of peptide NM and NR, and of more diverse possibilities of the formation of this type of NM and NR is suggested. Monomolecular MN and NR are presumably more conservative, although they exhibit some advantage with respect to strict differentiation of the systems of synthesis and degradation. Probably, the most ancient NM and NR are presented by such compounds as peptides, some amino acids, and ATP. PMID- 38613 TI - [Primary excitatory rhythms in locomotor activity of scyphomedusae]. AB - Periodic organization of autorhythmic motor activity which is typical of ontogenetically earlier stages of development of the nervous functions in vertebrates has been found in larval scyphomedusae. In hydromedusae which exhibit less complex nervous system, periodic organization of excitation persists also in adult individuals. It is suggested that already at the level of scyphomedusae, periodic form of organization of autorhythmic excitation in the nervous system was transformed in a category of recapitulating characters and in this quality passed along all phylogenetic pathways. PMID- 38614 TI - [Serological characteristics of the pneumococci in bronchial infection]. PMID- 38615 TI - [Changes in alkaline and acid proteins in a chronic epileptiform focus]. AB - The acid and alkaline proteins were studied histochemically in neurons of the mirror epileptiform focus (frontal-parietal cortex of rats) on the 11th and 63rd days following cobalt implantation. A specific localization of such proteins was established. During experiments alkaline proteins demonstrated more marked changes than acid ones. The conclusion is made that alkaline proteins play an important role in the protein metabolism of neurons in an epileptiform focus. PMID- 38616 TI - Biconcave shape and its transformations in human red cells. PMID- 38617 TI - Degradation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and LDL - protamine complexes by lysosomal protease. AB - Native LDL are degraded by the protease of the lysosomal extract but they are not sensitive to isolated cathepsin D. Protamine increases the sensitivity of LDL to the effect of lysosomal protease and makes them sensitive to the effect of cathepsin D. Degradation of LDL by lysosomal protease is most intensive between pH 4.0 and 4.5 but in case of LDL bound with protamine it is most intensive at pH 4.5--5.0. PMID- 38618 TI - [Superfusion technique for studying the in vitro release of putative neurotransmitters from brain structures]. AB - The superfusion technique described enables a stimulus synchronous observation of release mechanisms by reason of the size of the perfusion chamber and by the arrangement of the medium supply. The presentation of the results allows a quantitative comparison of releasing activity also in case of different chemical or electrical stimulation conditions. PMID- 38619 TI - Neurotransmitter regulation of arginine vasotocin release from rat pineal glands in vitro. AB - Studies were performed to determine the effects of neurotransmitters on arginine vasotocin (AVT) release in vitro. Rat pineal glands were incubated with 10(-8)M or 10(-6)M norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5HT), and acetylcholine (ACH) for eight h after which the concentrations of AVT in the media were determined by radioimmunoassay. With the exception of ACH, none of the neurotransmitters had a significant effect on AVT release. ACH significantly (P less than 0.05) elevated AVT release in vitro at the 10(-6)M concentration but not at the 10(-8)M concentration. The data indicate that ACH may play a role in the regulation of rat pineal gland secretion of AVT in vitro. PMID- 38620 TI - Comparative study of cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic side effects of 8 narcotics in dogs. Pethidine, piritramide, morphine, phenoperidine, fentanyl, R 39 209, sufentanil, R 34 995. III. Comparative study of the acute metabolic toxicity of the narcotics used in high and massive doses in curarised and mechanically ventilated dogs. AB - The I.V. administration in dogs of high and massive doses of narcotics produced an acute rise in CO2 consumption, a rise of plasma catecholamines and other slight biochemical and metabolic perturbances. A general trend towards metabolic acidosis and hypermetabolism was noticed but important differences appeared according the drugs and doses chosen. The safety margin for metabolic toxicity (ratio between IV doses producing severe metabolic side-effects and doses necessary for deep surgical analgesia) were calculated for each narcotic and found as follows: 1 for pethidine, 3.3 for piritramide, 13 for morphine and phenoperidine, 12.5 for R 39 209, 60 for fentanyl, 800 for sufentanil and 4 000 for R 34 995. Drug associations may decrease or increase the metabolic safety margin of the narcotics. Beneficial associations with morphinomimetics are found with droperidol, etomidate and flunitrazepam. PMID- 38621 TI - Studies on the pharmacokinetic function of the lung with special reference to lidocaine. PMID- 38622 TI - Histofluorescence study on monoamine entry into the brain before and after opening of the blood-brain barrier by various mechanisms. AB - The relationship between exogenous, circulating monoamines to the wall of cerebral microvessels, and the entrance of these amines into the cerebral parenchyma was studied by the formaldehyde histofluorescence technique in rats. No monoamine fluorescence could be detected in the wall tissue of the microvessels (pericytes and andothelial cells) unless either MAO or COMT were inhibited; these are integral to the blood-brain barrier mechanisms to monoamines. After transient opening of the morphologic blood-brain barrier by either a hypertonic of hypertensive insult, the amine fluorescence in the walls of the microvessels was intensified compared to that which was noted after monoamine oxidase inhibition by itself. Following opening of the structural blood brain barrier, the circulating amines also passed through into the neuropil where they were concentrated within neurons, as demonstrated by prior depletion of endogenous monoamine transmitters by reserpine. Thus, both enzymatic and morphologic mechanisms in the blood-brain barrier ar involved in impeding the passage of monoamines into the cerebral parenchyma. PMID- 38623 TI - The long-term hypotensive effect of timolol maleate compared with the effect of pilocarpine in simple and capsular glaucoma. AB - The long-term intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, timolol maleate, in topical administration was compared with the effect of pilocarpine on simple and capsular glaucoma by means of diurnal pressure curves during a six-month follow-up. In simple glaucoma timolol was more effective than pilocarpine in lowering IOP. In the follow-up a significant but not marked increase of the IOP was observed. In capsular glaucoma timolol was not effective enough, but when it was co-administered with miotics the IOP lowering effect was better than with either substance alone. Timolol induced no accomodative myopia, miosis, reduction of tear flow or other side effects. It increased the outflow facility in simple glaucoma but not in capsular glaucoma. During the trial, the anterior chamber depth increased while the corneal thickness remained unchanged. Four out of the six eyes included in a previous report of secondary glaucoma due to chronic uveitis are still, after one year of therapy, controlled with timolol. PMID- 38624 TI - [A new effective virostatic, 5-iodo-2'-desoxyuridine; study of its stability]. PMID- 38625 TI - Isolated sympathetic ganglion from Rana esculenta and its pharmacologic reactivity. PMID- 38626 TI - Effects of 4-aminopyridine on statistical parameters of transmitter release at the neuromuscular junction. AB - 4-Aminopyridine (4-AP) potentiates transmitter release from motor nerve terminals by increasing the quantum content (m) of endplate potentials. Estimates of the binomial parameters of transmitter release shows that 4-AP enhances m by increasing n and not p. PMID- 38627 TI - Acute effects of temazepam and nitrazepam on psychomotor skills and memory. AB - Twelve pretrained students ingested temazepam, nitrazepam, and placebo, each double blind at one-week intervals in randomized order. Reactive and co ordinative skills and critical flicker fusion were measured before each drug intake and 1, 2, 3, 6 and 8 hours after it. Short-term memory and paired association learning were measured at 1, 3 and 8 hours. The psychomotor responses to drugs were modified by a sequence effect (not at zero tests) which effect varied depending on the drug and parameter. In multivariance analysis it was included to reveal drug effects. Nitrazepam 10 mg increased reaction and co ordination errors and also impaired learning and memory. Temazepam 10 mg impaired co-ordinative skills; on a whole it differed from nitrazepam but hardly from placebo. Temazepam 20 mg impaired co-ordination, and learning and memory. Both temazepam 20 mg and nitrazepam were experienced sedative. All drug effects were clearest during the first 3 hours, nitrazepam also impaired learning at 8 hours. Temazepam 20 mg seems suitable as a hypnotic. PMID- 38628 TI - Alkylation of tertiary amines in a two-phase system. PMID- 38629 TI - Studies on the metabolism of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists alprenolol, metoprolol and pamatolol. PMID- 38630 TI - Pharmacological investigation on the neurohumoral transmission of the vasomotor regulation. AB - Renal efferent sympathetic activity and its changes due to stimulation of the central stump of the vagal, sciatic and ulnar nerves were investigated. In addition, the effect on basal activity and sympathetic reflexes of drugs with well defined site of action was studied (diazepam, tofizopam, phentolamine, dihydroergotamine, chlorpromazine, reserpine, clonidine, atropine, methysergide and phenindamine). The sympathetic efferent activity and the changes in sympathetic reflexes allowed conclusions to be drawn as to the functional state of the vasomotor centre. Neither methysergide nor phenindamine inhibited efferent sympathetic activity or influenced sympathetic reflexes. These findings exclude the possibility of serotonin or histamine being the transmitter substance in the vasomotor neurone. Experiments with atropine revealed that the muscarinic action of acetylcholine does not figure in the sympathetic inhibitory or excitatory reflex processes. Of the drugs investigated only diazepam and clonidine inhibited efferent sympathetic activity. Clonidine was more selective and acted in much lower doses (20 micrograms/kg) than diazepam (0.5--1 mg/kg). The alpha blocking agents inhibited the viscero-sympathetic inhibitory reflex arch more intensely than the somato-sympathetic inhibitory one. The transmitter is presumably noradrenaline. The sympathetic excitatory reflexes were decreased by diazepam and tofizopam and increased by clonidine and phentolamine. The other substances were ineffective. As to the transmitter substance figuring in the sympathetic excitatory reflexes no unequivocal answer could be obtained in the present experiments. PMID- 38631 TI - Abstracts of the lectures delivered at the 42nd Congress of the Hungarian Physiological Society, Budapest, June 10--12, 1976. PMID- 38632 TI - Diabetes-induced alterations of autonomic nerve function in the cat. AB - The susceptibility to competitive ganglionic blocking agents such as hexamethonium (C6), tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB), mecamylamine and d tubocurarine (d-TC), of the superior cervical ganglion in cats with pancreatectomy and spontaneous diabetes or in animals treated with contrainsular drugs such as cortisone or dihydrochlorothiazide, was found to be decreased as compared to the reactivity of normal controls. The increased tolerance to ganglioplegics was not correlated with the elevation of the blood sugar level, and proved to be resistant to an acute administration of insulin. The results could not be explained by a decrease in the specific cholinesterase activity of the ganglionic tissue due to diabetes. Alteration of the peripheral autonomic synaptic transmission may be an early sign of diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 38633 TI - Inhibitory effect on gastric motility of chloroquine and mepacrine. AB - Measured on isolated rat-stomach fundus strips, the isolated cervical sympathetic trunk, and on the superior cervical ganglion, chloroquine and mepacrine have parasympatholytic, spasmolytic, ganglionic blocking and local anaesthetic effects. On rising the doses these manifest themselves in a given sequence. On the basis of this fact it is concluded that the inhibition of gastric motility by chloroquine and mepacrine in the rat, is based on the parasympatholytic property of the drugs in question. PMID- 38634 TI - Specificity of cultured anterior pituitary cells in detecting corticotropin releasing factor(s): the effect of biologically active peptides and neurotransmitter substances on ACTH release in pituitary cell cultures. AB - Biologically active peptides and neurotransmitter substances were added to anterior pituitary cell cultures to examine the presence of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF)-like activity. Hypothalamic extract (HE) induced significant dose-related increase of ACTH, and the lowest effective dose was 0.01 HE/ml. Other tested substances including luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, thyrotropin releasing hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone release inhibiting factor, somatostatin, substance P, neurotensin, beta-endorphin. leu-enkephalin, met-enkephalin, bradykinin, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, histamine, gamma-amino butyric acid or gamma-hydroxy butyric acid showed no CRF like activity. Relatively high doses of lysine vasopressin, arginine vasopressin and angiotensin II increased the release of ACTH in pituitary cell cultures, but the maximal ACTH response was markedly less than with HE. These results indicate that cultured anterior pituitary cells are sensitive and fairly specific in detecting CRF(s) comparing with other detecting procedures. PMID- 38635 TI - Characterization of RNA polymerases from Rous sarcoma virus-induced mouse ascites sarcoma cells. AB - RNA polymerase was extracted from the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (SR-RSV)-induced C3H/He mouse ascites sarcoma cells (SR-C3H). RNA polymerase was separated into RNA polymerases I and II by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. RNA polymerase I was separated into Ia and Ib fractions by phospho-cellulose chromatography. In SR-C3H cells RNA polymerase Ib was the main component of RNA polymerase I. At 0.05--0.1 M ammonium sulphate RNA polymerase I transcribed native DNA most actively, and RNA polymerase II transcribed denatured DNA most actively. Partial digestion of DNA by DNAase I enhanced RNA synthesis by RNA polymerases I and II. At ionic strength over 0.2 M ammonium sulphate, the initiation reaction of RNA polymerases I and II was inhibited. The initiation complexes of RNA polymerases I and II with native DNA were more stable against high salt concentration than with denatured DNA. PMID- 38636 TI - Topography of chemically identified neurons in the central nervous system: a review. PMID- 38637 TI - Section of neuropathology of the Italian Neurological Society: 14th annual meeting; Verona, June 9-10, 1978. PMID- 38638 TI - Recidivism in drug addiction: a behavioral analysis. PMID- 38639 TI - Central neuropharmacology of endorphins. PMID- 38640 TI - Cyclic nucleotides and the central effects of opiates: an overview of current research. PMID- 38641 TI - Opiate actions and catecholamines. PMID- 38642 TI - Influence of narcotic agents on temperature regulation. PMID- 38643 TI - Modulators, mediators, and specifiers in brain function: interactions of neuropeptides, cyclic nucleotides, and phosphoproteins in mechanisms underlying neuronal activity, behavior, and neuropsychiatric disorders. PMID- 38644 TI - Adaptive alterations in receptor mediated processes and their implications for some mental disorders. PMID- 38645 TI - Three modes of communication in the nervous system. PMID- 38646 TI - Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and their mediation by cyclic nucleotides. AB - An effort has been made here to devise criteria allowing discrimination between neurotransmitters, modulators and mediators. However, after consideration of several technical pitfalls in studies of these criteria, and examination of the properties of two examples of neuroactive agents (norepinephrine and endorphins) often referred to as "modulators", it is still difficult to classify these agents in all cases. Thus, in most central targets where NE-fibers are known to terminate, the synaptic actions of NE appear to have properties of both a neuromodulator and a neurotransmitter. Although much more research needs to be pursued, the opioid peptides may be neuromodulators for some neurons (spinal cord neurons) and neurotransmitters for others (myenteric plexus and spinal cord neurons). It may be that classification of such peptide agonists will need to be done on a cell-by-cell basis, with the endogenous peptides subserving a multi faceted role in central and peripheral neuronal communication. As more and more endogenous ligands and transmitter-like substances are extracted from brain, it begins to appear that the language of neuronal communication is much richer than originally imagined from responses of spinal neurons to the fast-acting classical neurotransmitters. Indeed, it may evolve that the "deviant" forms of communication or transmission are more the rule than the exception. In the final analysis, each neurotransmitter may possess its own "fingerprint" of holistic actions attesting to the unique individuality of neuron types and their neurotransmitters. Such individualities might be expected to accomplish more sophisticated integrative operations, and hence behaviors, than could simple rapid "yes" or "no" messages. PMID- 38647 TI - Phosphoproteins as specifiers for mediators and modulators in neuronal function. PMID- 38648 TI - Steroid hormone receptor systems. PMID- 38649 TI - Action of alpha-latrotoxin from black widow spider venom on a cerebral cortex preparation: release of neurotransmitters, depletion of synaptic vesicles, and binding to membrane. PMID- 38650 TI - Mode of action of black widow spider venom on vertebrate neuromuscular junction. PMID- 38651 TI - Mode of action of botulinum toxin and the effect of drug antagonists. PMID- 38652 TI - Kinetics of tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin action at the node of Ranvier. PMID- 38653 TI - Apamin, a centrally acting neurotoxic peptide: binding and actions. PMID- 38654 TI - Phospholipase-dependent and phospholipase-independent inhibition of transmitter relase by beta-bungarotoxin. PMID- 38655 TI - Use of black widow spider venom to study the release of neurotransmitters. PMID- 38656 TI - Pharmacology and toxicology of halogenated anesthetics. PMID- 38657 TI - Mechanisms of action of benzodiazepines. PMID- 38658 TI - Efficacy of ketotifen in bronchial asthma. AB - Ketotifen was administered orally during a period of three months to 30 patients suffering from bronchial asthma. It proved to be a strong antiasthmatic agent and the results obtained were positive, i.e.: Excellent in 21 patients (70%), very good in 3 patients (10%), Good in 1 patient (4%), Poor in 5 patients (16%), The drug was very well tolerated and no signs of drug toxicity were observed. It is concluded that ketotifen is a very effective and safe drug for the prevention of bronchial asthma. PMID- 38659 TI - Clinical pharmacology of the new beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Part 5. Pindolol (LB-46) therapy for supraventricular arrhythmia: a viable alternative to propranolol in patients with bronchospasm. PMID- 38660 TI - Refractory arrhythmia in the presence of congestive failure: successful beta sympatholytic treatment. PMID- 38661 TI - Proceedings of the 126th annual APhA annual meeting in Anaheim. PMID- 38662 TI - Detection of experimental bacteremia and fungemia by examination of buffy coat prepared by a micromethod. AB - Rabbits received intravenous injections of bacteria or fungi, and a comparison was made of the abilities of broth cultures, plating after dilution either in saline solution or in distilled water containing Triton X-100, and buffy coat examinations to detect the organisms in heart blood. The most sensitive method was broth culture. By microscopy or subculture of buffy coat cells prepared by centrifugation of blood in microhematocrit tubes, organisms were rapidly and regularly detected when their viable counts increased to 300--1,000/ml as detected by plating. By micromodification, buffy coat examination is technically easy to perform, and the method is only slightly less sensitive than when a larger amount of blood is used. Thus, it would be ideal for rapid provisional diagnosis of sepsis in patients, e.g., neonates, when the use of only a small blood sample is preferred. PMID- 38663 TI - Effect of lactulose, neomycin and antacid on colonic pH recorded continuously with an implanted electrode. AB - Colonic pH was continuously monitored by a pH electrode implanted in the transverse colon of rats over a 24-hour period. Lactulose significantly reduced the colonic pH to 5.37 +/- .39 from a fasting value of 6.77 +/- .75. Pretreatment with neomycin or concomitant use of a nonabsorbable antacid prevented lactulose induced reduction in the colonic pH. The clinical implication of the study is that combined use of lactulose with neomycin or high doses of non-absorbable antacids in the treatment of chronic portasystemic encephalopathy may be undesirable. PMID- 38664 TI - Bicarbonate-buffered peritoneal dialysis. An effective adjunct in the treatment of lactic acidosis. AB - Severe lactic acidosis is associated with poor prognosis. Usually, the patient is treated with massive amounts of intravenous sodium bicarbonate, which in itself carries many undesirable consequences such as fluid overload and hypernatremia. We have successfully used peritoneal dialysis with a bicarbonate-buffered dialysate in the management of severe acidosis. Bicarbonate-buffered peritoneal dialysis provided an unlimited supply of physiologic buffer over a prolonged period without causing hypervolemia or hypernatremia. Furthermore, significant amounts of lactate were removed by dialysis. We, therefore, recommend the use of bicarbonate-buffered peritoneal dialysis as an adjunct in the treatment of severe lactic acidosis. PMID- 38665 TI - Fetal blood and tissue pH with moderate bradycardia. AB - Eleven patients with moderate fetal bradycardia in labor were studied by fetal scalp blood pH, continuous tissue pH, and umbilical arterty pH at delivery. The neonatal outcomes and biochemical data demonstrated that moderate fetal brdycardia does not indicate fetal distress. PMID- 38666 TI - Regional cerebral blood flow changes during severe fetal asphyxia produced by slow partial umbilical cord compression. AB - We studied the effects of severe partial asphyxia on regional cerebral blood flow and arterial blood pressure in the unanesthetized, physiologically stable fetal lamb. Cerebral blood flow was measured by the microsphere technique before and during partial umbilical cord compression. Asphyxia sufficient to decrease pH from 7.40 to 7.04 and reduce oxygen saturation from 50% to 19% increased cerebral blood flow to all areas of the brain with the largest increases going to the brain stem (275% of control) and deep cerebral structures (240% of control). Fetal arterial blood pressures increased from a mean of 58 mm Hg to a mean of 71 mm. Hg during asphyxia. The blood pressure increases correlated closely with the regional cerebral blood flow increases. There was a poor correlation between cerebral blood flow increases and changes in Paco2' pH, or oxygen saturation. We conclude that during severe fetal asphyxia arterial blood pressure is the critical factor in determining cerebral blood flow. PMID- 38667 TI - Breathing movements before death in the primate fetus (Macaca mulatta). AB - The incidence and character of fetal breathing movements (FBMs) were determined by analysis of continuous tracheal pressure recordings in a 48 hour period preceeding fetal death in utero in 7 chronic pregnant monkey preparations (Macaca mulatta). All fetuses were judged normal by blood gas tensions, pH, and fetal heart rate within 48 hours of death. In the normal fetus breathing movements were periodic and a circadian distribution in the incidence of FBMs was observed. Four distinct patterns of FBMs were observed in the normal fetuses. In five fetuses death occurred in the intrapartum period; all five fetuses were breathing at the onset of labor. A progressive fall in the incidence of FBMs was observed in labor coincident with the development of fetal acidemia. In the remaining two fetuses death occurred before labor. Apnea and gasping were observed in all fetuses before death. The duration of apnea and gasping appeared dependent upon the nature of the lethal insult. PMID- 38668 TI - Adrenergic innervation of the human uterus. Disappearance of the transmitter and transmitter-forming enzymes during pregnancy. AB - The uterine adrenergic transmitter is in many animal species dramatically reduced during pregnancy, probably leading to a functional denervation near term. In order to clarify whether similar changes also occur in the human uterus, the adrenergic innervation of the isthmic myometrium during nonpregnant and pregnant conditions was analyzed by fluorescence histochemistry for demonstration of adrenergic nerves, and by quantitative measurements of norepinephrine and its synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase. At term pregnancy all fluorescent adrenergic nerves in the myometrium had disappeared, and the norepinephrine concentration had been reduced to almost zero. Parallel to this the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa decarboxylase were markedly reduced. By contrast, the activity of the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase, was unchanged, indicating that the adrenergic system was selectively affected. The results confirm that the adrenergic nerves in the human uterus, like those in uterine horns of laboratory animals, undergo fundamental changes in the course of pregnancy. This probably reflects entirely different conditions for a sympathetic influence on the myometrium during the last two trimesters of pregnancy compared to the non-pregnant situation. PMID- 38669 TI - The influence of scalp sampling on the cesarean section rate for fetal distress. AB - One year's obstetric experience at Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center was reviewed and compared with previous years. The incidence of cesarean section for fetal distress is low and has remained constant over the past 7 years. Periodic changes and decreased baseline variability of the fetal heart rate accounted for 39% of the diagnoses of fetal distress in this group. Scalp sampling clarified the diagnosis of fetal distress and prevented unnecessary cesarean section. Compromised perinatal outcome in the greater than 2,500 gram weight group was confined to those who were monitored, had indications for monitoring, or had identifiable prospective risk factors, with rare exceptions. PMID- 38670 TI - Pathology of acute graft-versus-host disease in the dog. An autopsy study of ninety-five dogs. AB - The morphology of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in canine radiation chimeras was studied by examination of autopsy tissue from 95 dogs including: 1) 13 healthy, untreated dogs; 2) 9 dogs given 1200 R total body irradiation and no marrow infusion; 3) 17 dogs given 1200 R and autologous marrow infusion; 4) 25 dogs given 1200 R and hemopoietic cells from dog-leukocyte-antigen (DLA)- identical littermates; and 5) 31 dogs given 1200 R and nonidentical DLA hemopoietic cells. Some of the dogs in Groups 3--5 received a postgrafting methotrexate (MTX) regimen of 0.25--0.5 mg/kg body weight on Days 1, 3, 6, and 11 and once weekly until Day 102. Prominent lesions were found in the small and large intestines, skin, and liver of dogs with allogeneic grafts. Skin lesions consisted of lymphocytic infiltrates of epidermis with necrosis of basal epidermal cells progressing to denudation. Gut lesions consisted of mucosal destruction progressing from crypt abscess formation to denudation. Liver lesions consisted of portal triaditis, plasmacytic and lymphocytic infiltrates, necorsis and atypia of small bile ducts, and scattered individual hepatocyte necrosis. These lesions were differentiated from changes caused by irradiation and MTX and were deemed characteristic of GVHD. The overall severity of GVHD lesions was less in the identical DLA group than in the nonidentical DLA group, and also less in dogs treated with MTX than in those not given MTX. The degree of lymphoid depletion in the lymph nodes, spleen, and intestinal lymphoid tissue was very similar in dogs with autologous and allogeneic grafts at comparable survival times. No specific evidence of pancreatic or renal involvement in GVHD was discovered. PMID- 38671 TI - Mechanical properties and functions of the myoepithelium in the eccrine sweat gland. AB - Contractile properties of an isolated segment of the secretory coil of the monkey palm eccrine sweat gland were studied in vitro with a transducer. Contraction of up to 10 mgf was induced with acetylcholine but not with alpha or beta adrenergic agonists, caffeine, prostaglandin E1, or by a calcium ionophore A23187. Other features included K+ contracture, staircase effect, poor extensibility, length tension relationship with a peak tensile response at 115--120% of the resting length, and requirement of Ca2+. The function of myoepithelium is unlikely to expulse the preformed sweat because the amount of preformed sweat is small, K+ contracture failed to expulse sweat, and because myoepithelial contraction was not induced by such stimulants of sweat secretion as A23187, phenylephrine, isoproterenol, and prostaglandin E1. The maximal transverse tension of 20 mgf during acetylcholine stimulation under resting tension was calculated to support the luminal hydrostatic pressure of approximately 500 mmHg. Thus the function of the myoepithelium may be to render structural support for the secretory epithelium. PMID- 38672 TI - pH regulation in barnacle muscle fibers: dependence on intracellular and extracellular pH. AB - Intracellular pH (pHi) regulation was studied in acid-loaded barnacle muscle fibers by monitoring recovery of pHi with a pH-sensitive microelectrode. By multiplying the rate of pHi recovery by total intracellular buffering power, the acid extrusion rate was obtained. The acid extrusion rate was greatest at low values of pHi, and declined toward zero as pHi approached normal levels. It increased as the extracellular pH (pHo) was raised either by increasing external [HCO3] ([HCO3]o) at constant PCO2 or by decreasing PCO2 at constant [HCO3]o, but more so in the former case than in the latter. These observations suggest that pHo per se is an important determinant of the acid extrusion rate, but that raising [HCO3]o by itself also stimulates acid extrusion. This would be expected if acid extrusion involves the inward movement of HCO3. When fibers were exposed to HCO3-containing solutions at very low or very high pHo, pHi drifted downward or upward, respectively; thbe drifts were inhibited by 4-acetamido-4' isothiocyanostilbene-2,2' disulfonic acid (SITS). Our results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms of acid extrusion. PMID- 38673 TI - Cardiovascular responses to local hindlimb hypoxemia: relation to the exercise reflex. PMID- 38674 TI - Status of psychotropic drug blood level assays and other biochemical measurements in clinical practice. AB - Assays of drug levels in blood and of other biochemical characteristics of psychiatric patients are being proposed for clinical application, although their utility in practice remains uncertain. Exceptions are the assay of blood levels of anticonvulsants and of lithium ion. Assays of antidepressant drugs may be especially helpful in the evaluation of unexpected responses or in the avoidance of unwanted toxic effects and promise to permit more efficient predictions of individual requirements. Assays of platelet MAO activity or urinary MHPG excretion remain clinically less useful. Attempts to correlate blood levels of antipsychotic agents with clinical effects have been disappointing, although newer assay methods may prove more useful. PMID- 38675 TI - Is lorazepam really different? PMID- 38676 TI - [Prevention of Mendelson's syndrome in cesarean section]. PMID- 38677 TI - Effects of ketotifen and clemastine on passive transfer of reaginic reaction. AB - Passive transfer (PK) tests were performed with a reaginic serum on a recipient reacting with an immediate and a more prolonged reaction when specificity challenged. Both reactions are thought to be mediated by IgE immunology. Ketotifen, a cycloheptathiophene derivative, and clemastine, given to the recipient in maximal clinical doses for 3 days, inhibited the immediate reaction. Ketotifen had a very slight effect also on the prolonged reaction. The results indicate that the in vivo effects of ketotifen in the human system are due not so much to mast cell inhibitory mechanisms, but more to post-release antihistaminic and some anti-inflammatory properties. PMID- 38678 TI - The protective effect of a new agent, ketotifen syrup, in the treatment of childhood asthma. AB - Twenty-two children with perennial extrinsic allergic asthma participated in a double-blinded, controlled, cross-over study of Ketotifen syrup during a 2 x 6 week period. The placebo was identical with the active drug in taste, colour, and consistency. The dosage level was, on weight basis, a little higher than the standard dosage for adults. The double-blinded investigation was supplemented with a 1 2-week open study of the tolerance for Ketotifen. This study also involved 22 patients, 12 new ones, and 10 from the double-blind study. The study showed Ketotifen to have no effect on changes in lung function (peak flow), on reduction in frequency of asthmatic attacks, or on consumption of additional medicine. The tolerance for Ketotifen was good, but physicians are advised to watch for increases in weight and decreases in blood pressure during tests on children which involve higher dosage levels. PMID- 38679 TI - Ventilatory pattern following diazepam and lorazepam. AB - The effect of intravenous diazepam (10 mg) or lorazepam (2 mg) on the ventilatory pattern has been studied in two groups of ten patients prior to elective surgery. Injection of lorazepam was followed by a periodic pattern of ventilation in nine patients. PMID- 38680 TI - Volume and pH of gastric contents following anticholinergic premedication. AB - The effects of anticholinergic premedication with 1.0 mg atropine, 0.5 mg hyoscine and 0.2 mg glycopyrronium on volume and pH of gastric contents were studied and compared with a group receiving no anticholinergic premedication. The antisialogogue effects were also compared. Though the groups receiving atropine and glycopyrronium had the lowest mean aspirated volume and the highest mean pH respectively there was no essential difference between the various groups receiving anticholinergic premedication. However, the pH values were above 2.5 in the majority of these patients in comparison with the control group. The antisialogogue effects of the three anticholinergic drugs were similar. PMID- 38681 TI - Midwest Association of Anatomists. Thirty-sixth annual meeting. October 6-8, 1978. Downtown Holiday Inn, Dayton, Ohio. Abstracts. PMID- 38682 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of a new antidepolarizing agent: fazadinium bromide]. AB - Studies concerning the hemodynamic effects of this new antidepolarizing agent are scarce and difficult to interpret because of drug interactions, and of an accentuation of vagal tonus related to the use of morphinomimetic analgesics. For a better approach of the effects proper to fazadinium, we have tried to perform a study freed, to a maximum, from any drug interference. We studied the hemodynamic effects to a single dose of 1 mg.kg-1 of fazadinium bromide during 35 minutes in coronary patients normal hemodynamically or rhythmically, non-premedicated, ventilated with 50 p. 100 nitrous oxide in oxygen, and bebore any surgical procedure. All hemodynamic modifications are moderate and maximal 10 minutes after injection. The stroke index decreases 16 p. 100, heart rate increases 6 p. 100 and cardiac index falls 10 p. 100. Total peripheral resistance remains unchanged and mean arterial pressure drops 10 p. 100. Finally pulmonary wedge pressure decreases slightly. None of these modifications are statistically significant. One may, therefore, conclude that fazadinium tolerance, when the drug is freed from any drug interference, in coronary patients normal hemodynamically and free from rhythm disorders is excellent from a hemodynamic and rhythmic point of view. However, other isolated observations of hypovolemic subjects, or patients with atrial fibrillation receiving fazadinium and studied hemodynamically suggest a poorer tolerance in these cases. PMID- 38683 TI - [High frequency currents and general anesthesia in humans]. PMID- 38684 TI - [Dipotassic chlorazepate premedication. Its effects on preoperative narcosis: a double-blind study]. PMID- 38685 TI - Abstracts of scientific papers. 1979 annual meeting. American Society of Anesthesiologists. PMID- 38686 TI - [Characteristics of the uterine and cerebral blood circulation during therapeutic obstetrical anesthesia]. PMID- 38687 TI - [Metabolic disorders in patients with postoperative toxic psychoses]. PMID- 38688 TI - The relationship between the arterial level of angiotensin-converting enzymes and arterial gas tension in bronchial asthma. AB - To study the mechanism which causes a lowered serum level of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in asthma patients, the changes in serum ACE in arterial blood gas tension was measured. Serum ACE was also determined in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) and fibrosing lung disease (FLD). A reduced level of serum ACE was found in some patients with COLD, similar to that in patients with asthma. A significant relationship existed between the lowered serum ACE level and the degree of arterial hypoxia, especially in asthmatic patients and some patients with COLD. The significance of lowered serum ACE is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis and the mechanism of hypoxemia in patients with asthma, COLD and FLD. PMID- 38689 TI - The effect of thymic humoral factor (THF) in sarcoidosis: report of a case. PMID- 38690 TI - [Anesthesie Analgesie: Vol. IX, No. 3, September 1952. The action mechanism of methonium compounds: H. Laborit (Paris)]. PMID- 38691 TI - [Spinal anesthesia]. PMID- 38692 TI - [Use of frozen hypertonic saline in the treatment of pain]. AB - Fifteen cases of patients referred for treatment of acute and chronic pain problems are reported. The results show that both epidural and peripheric hypertonic frozen saline 5 p. 100 injections were effective, as far as three months afterwards. The possible mechanism of action of frozen saline is discussed. PMID- 38693 TI - [Neuromuscular inhibition of new aminoglycoside antibiotics]. AB - The curarizing effect of three new aminoglucosidic antibiotics (amikacine, dibekacine and sisomicine) is compared to that the streptomycin. The experiment was carried out on mice. In the first group of experiments, the curare-like action of increasing doses of the antibiotics is studied on a diaphragm-phrenic nerve preparation. In the second group, the dosage of each antibiotic necessary to induce apnea is sought. The results show that all the antibiotics have a curarizing activity, variable according to the product, and which increases with the doses used. The relationship between the therapeutic doses and the curarizing doses had a greater margin of security with the three antibiotics than with streptomycin. PMID- 38694 TI - [The Annales de l'Anesthesiologie Francaise and the international system of units]. PMID- 38695 TI - [Precurarization using pancuronium in male subjects. Evaluation of certain clinical effects]. AB - The authors studied certain effects in the male subject of precurarisation using different doses of pancuronium. The results obtained show that the maximum doses used, corresponding to 0.01 Omg/kg of pancuronium, were associated with subjective symptoms which were well tolerated by the conscious patient, a decreases in the incidence of fasciculations, antagonistic effects against succinylcholine and a decreases in postoperative myalgia. In their conclusion, the authors confirm that the maximum doses of pancuronium used require an increase in doses of succinylcholine in order to avoid the antagonism phenomenon, and that doses ranging from 0.010 to 0.020 mg/kg of pancuronium could be used in order to completely eliminate postoperative myalgia related to succinylcholine. PMID- 38696 TI - [Effects of diazepam on oxygen consumption]. AB - Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured in ten patients before and after the administration of 0.28 mg.kg-1 of diazepam, using a spirometer placed in the circuit of an MA1 respirator functioning on a closed circuit basis. The results showed a significant decrease in VO2 OF 8 p. 100. The differences seen in comparison with previous studies may be explained by differences in the methods of study used. It would appear that this hypometabolic effect is not an intrinsic property of diazepam but rather a consequence of the neurodepressive properties of the drug, on the gamma system in particular. PMID- 38697 TI - [Peridural anesthesia and cesarean section. Apropos of 117 cases]. AB - One hundred and seventeen caesarean sections performed under epidural anesthesia are reported. Following localization by air myelography, catheterization of the epidural space was performed in all cases. The estimated level of injection was L 1.76 +/- 0.82. The local anesthetic used was: lignocaine 2 p. 100 with adrenalin 1/160,000 (N = 13) in a dose of 388 mg +/- 81.4; bupivacaine 0.5 p. 100 with adrenalin 1/2000,000 (N = 77) in a dose of 106.6 mg +/- 20; or a mixture of bupivacaine 0.5 p. 100 with adrenalin 1/200,000 and lignocaine 2 p. 100 without adrenalin (N = 27) at doses of 91.0 mg +/- 23.9 and 238 mg +/- 53.4 respectively. The failure rate was 5.97 p. 100 and the operative conditions were satisfactory in 91.5 p. 100 of cases. Apgar scores were greater than 7 in 87 p. 100 of cases at one minute and 99 p. 100 of cases at 5 minutes. The proportion of minor incidents was 30 p. 100, and of complications 3.5 p. 100. Their prevention and treatment and the anesthetic protocol are discussed. PMID- 38698 TI - [Resuscitation of the elderly brain]. AB - The little poses the question of the usefulness of resuscitation of elderly individuals, victims of cerebral damage or aggression. The author reviews the difficulties inherent in the definition of the "elderly patient" and the "elderly brain". The results obtained in 195 patients aged 60 or over are reported. In a 12 month period, this accounted for 32.77 p. 100 of "resuscitated" patients in a department of neurosurgery. Resuscitation implied a state of coma with artificial ventilation for varying periods. It thus differed from simple surveillance, even specialised. Survival rates are analysed in terms of neurological state, aetiology, whether or not there was surgery under general anaesthesia, past history, complications and the gravity of the resuscitation methods employed. The overall rate of 32.31 p. 100 was already lower than that in the elderly in a general intensive care unit. The picture in geriatric neurological resuscitation worsens further if only good quality survivals are noted: approximately 21.03 p. 100. Nevertheless, all the indications are that these figures are likely to improve in this recent field of resuscitation. PMID- 38699 TI - [Gas gangrene caused by venous catheterization (apropos of a case)]. AB - A case of fatal gas gangrene occurring after venous catheterization and the administration of sympathomimetic amines is reported. Following a brief discussion, the necessity of observing strict asepsis during the insertion and care of the catheter and of always ensuring that the tip of the catheter is in a large vein is emphasized. PMID- 38701 TI - [Louis Amiot]. PMID- 38700 TI - [Paul Bert's "La Pression Barometrique" was published 100 years ago]. PMID- 38702 TI - [Experimental hepatic ischemia]. AB - Total clamping of the hepatic pedicle was performed for a period of two hours in the normothermic pig. During this time an external pulsed spleno-jugular shunt ensured effective-portal decompression. Under such conditions, the biological and histological consequences of this ischaemia were minimal and perfectly compatible with survival. This would suggest that the clinical syndrome of "shock liver" above all reflects splanchnic impairment. PMID- 38703 TI - [A case of succinylcholine apnea. Identification of genetic variants]. AB - A report of a case of prolonged apnoea after succicurarium in a female patient with abnormal pseudo-cholinesterases is followed by a presentation of a study of pseudo-cholinesterases in 12 members of the family. The value of the use of 4 tests of inhibition of cholinesterase activity in determining the genotype of an individual is emphasised. PMID- 38704 TI - [Preoperative arrhythmias in ophthalmological surgery]. AB - Continuous ECG recording (Holter technique) was carried out in 25 patients undergoing similar ophtalmological surgery for retinal detachment. The patients were selected at random and divided into two groups. Premedication (alimemazine 25 mg. atropine 0.5 mg given one hour before the operation) and induction (penthiobarbital 4 mg.kg-1 and succinylcholine iodide 1 mg.kg-1) were given in the same way. General anaesthesia was maintained in Group I (n = 12) with halothane and in group II (n = 13) using neuroleptanalgesia. There was no significant difference in the percentage of arrhythmias between the two groups. There was a remarkablly high prevalence of sinus bradycardia and ventricular pauses (8/25). The respective role of atropine and of retrobulbar local anaesthesia in prevention is discussed in the light of data from the literature. If arrhythmias occurring at the time of intubation are included, the total percentage of rhythm disturbances was 80 p. 100 (20/25). PMID- 38705 TI - [Double blind randomized trial of metopimazine: for postoperative nausea and vomiting after cholecystectomy]. AB - Eighty-four patients submitted to cholecystectomy were randomly assigned in a double-blind study either to an intravenous dose of 10 mg of metopimazine, three times D-1, for two days or to an identically administered placebo. A definite superiority of metopimazine as an anti-emetic drug was demonstrated. General acceptance was excellent, but arterial pressure might be looked over closely when metopimazine was administered intravenously immediately after a general anesthesia. PMID- 38706 TI - [Peritoneal irrigation and lavage using iodinated polyvinyl-pyrrolidone in acute generalized peritonitis (70 cases treated in an intensive care unit)]. AB - The authors report 70 cases of severe acute generalise peritonitis treated during the immediate postoperative periode by peritoneal irrigation-lavage using iodinated polyvinyl-pyrrolidone for 16 days. All of the patients were hospitalised in an intensive care unit because of septicaemia, respiratory distress, acute renal failure, etc. After an aetiological study of these cases of peritonitis, the technique of installation and surveillance and the complications of peritoneal irrigation-lavage are analysed. The results in this series confirm the efficacy of the technique as long as it is used from the outset, immediately following the onset of peritonitis. PMID- 38707 TI - [Harmful interference between preoperative prophylactic cardiac pacemaker and cutting diathermy. Case report]. AB - The authors report the case of a patient suffering the consequences of harmful preoperative between a prophylactic cardiac pacemaker system and cutting diathermy, resulting in irreversible ventricular fibrillation. After reviewing the different mechanisms responsible for this accident, they attribute the blame to a phenomenon of capture of electromagnetic currents with the pacemaker catheter playing the role of an aerial. They reconsider the indications for the use of prophylactic pacing and recall the safety precautions which must be respected at the time of simultaneous use of an external pacemaker and cutting diathermy. PMID- 38708 TI - [Blood volume expanders. A comparative hemodynamic study]. PMID- 38709 TI - [Pre- and postoperative problems in cardiac surgery (general considerations)]. PMID- 38710 TI - [Neuroplegics and neuroleptics. Antipsychotics. VI. Butyrophenones (Part I)]. PMID- 38711 TI - [The liver in shock. Generalities: historical, etiology, clinical, physiopatholical, treatment]. AB - On the basis of personal experience of 89 cases, the authors give a general review of shock liver, considering in turn historical, aetiological, clinical and physiopathological features of this syndrome. They complete their studies by defining the basis of treatment. One hundred bibliographic references. PMID- 38712 TI - [Biological study of the human liver in shock]. PMID- 38713 TI - [Histopathology of the liver in shock]. AB - Microscopic lesions in shock liver, examined in biopsy specimens from 20 patients, are characterised by elective involvement of the hepatic parenchyma inthe peripheral zones of the acini, with necrosis and cell loss in approximately half the cases. The particular appearance of the degenerative lesions of the hepatocytes ("ischaemic atrophy" and tumefaction, monocellular necrosis), the absence of any change in the reticulin fibres, the minimal leucocytic reaction and the absence of any damage to the portal spaces should make it possible to identify histologically the ischaemic aetiology of peri-acinar hepatic lesions. PMID- 38714 TI - [Ultrastructural pathology of the liver in shock]. AB - Ultrastructural findings in shock liver are in general very similar to data in the literature concerning experimental ischaemia in the animal. It is firstly a cellular disease which leads to a tissue disease, reflected morphologically by definitive and irreversible signs in the absence of hepatocellular regeneration. Assessment on the cellular scale of lesions of ischaemia may be used to define the potentially reversible nature of certain signs and should be adpated to the study of the cellular effects of therapeutic measures. By contrast, in practical terms it cannot be used for the quantitative assessment of the spatial extent of lesions within the hepatic acinus. PMID- 38715 TI - Intracecal endotoxin and lactate during the onset of equine laminitis: a preliminary report. AB - Cecal fluid from two adult horses was assayed by the limulus amebocyte lysate system for endotoxin before and after carbohydrate overload of the gastrointestinal tract. There were increases in cecal fluid endotoxin concentrations at the 3-, 6-, and 12-hour samplings when compared with base-line values. Concomitant cecal fluid lactate concentrations and pH values increased and decreased, respectively. Both horses subsequently developed clinical signs of acute laminitis. PMID- 38716 TI - Nursing education issues surface at AMA meeting. PMID- 38717 TI - Experimental empyema. Time course and pathogenesis of pleural fluid acidosis and low pleural fluid glucose. PMID- 38718 TI - The pleuropulmonary consequences of esophageal rupture: an experimental model. PMID- 38719 TI - Granulocyte response in vitro to isoproterenol, histamine, and prostaglandin E1, during treatment with beta-adrenergic aerosols in asthma. PMID- 38720 TI - Direct binding studies of adrenergic receptors: biochemical, physiologic, and clinical implications. AB - Recently developed radioligand binding techniques permit direct investigation of the alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors for catecholamines in a wide variety of tissues. These techniques allow the receptors to be quantitated, characterized, and studied under varying conditions of physiologic and pathophysiologic interest. They are providing fresh insights into the mechanisms by which endogenous catecholamines and other hormones regulate the properties of the adrenergic receptors and, in turn, control tissue sensitivity to catecholamine action. PMID- 38721 TI - Quality of patient care by nurse practitioners and physician's assistants: a ten year perspective. AB - A remarkable development in primary care is the recent emergence of a new class of health professional: nurse practitioners and physician's assistants. These practitioners diagnose and treat a wide variety of medical problems, usually with supervision by physicians. Their clinical competence has been evaluated in over 40 studies. Twenty-one studies in which care given by nurse practitioners or physician's assistants was directly compared with that given by physicians are analyzed. These studies show that nurse practitioners and physician's assistants provide office-based care that is indistinguishable from physician care. Because these studies were limited in scope, there is no experimental basis for extending this conclusion to care given outside the office, care that is unsupervised, or care of the seriously ill patient. PMID- 38722 TI - [Virus classification and nomenclature. Summarized proceedings of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Lay Haye, September, 1978]. PMID- 38723 TI - [Meeting of the French Society of Microbiology. Paris, October 12, 1978. Abstracts]. PMID- 38724 TI - Muscular dystrophy in the mouse: neuromuscular transmission and the concept of functional denervation. AB - The results of recent investigations by ourselves and others indicate that no form of denervation exists to any remarkable degree in dystrophic mouse skeletal muscles. This conclusion is based on the following information: Dystrophic nerve terminals liberate normal amounts of transmitter both spontaneously and during impulse-mediated activity. The characteristics of the release process, the size of the available store of transmitter, and the probability of release of transmitter in response to the invasion of an action potential appear to be normal. The sensitivity of the postsynaptic membrane to the transmitter is normal. Action potential generation in response to both direct and indirect excitation is normal. There is no unequivocal pharmacologic evidence of denervation in dystrophic skeletal muscle, even though dystrophic muscle fibers respond to surgical denervation in a normal fashion. Nerve terminal sprouting is extensive, but there is no evidence of collateral reinnervation. PMID- 38725 TI - Junctional and extrajunctional aspects of inherited muscular dystrophy in chickens: development and pharmacology. PMID- 38726 TI - [Comparative oxidation of anthocyanins by active oxygen. Application to sulfited or non-sulfited wines]. PMID- 38727 TI - [Elimination of aflatoxin B1 by clays from contaminated substrates]. AB - It has been proved that clays were able to absorb aflatoxin B1. The amount of adsorbed aflatoxin depended on the nature of clay. The adsorbing power of the clays was checked in relation to some environmental factors. From this study, it is claimed that clays are suitable for detoxification of liquid food-stuffs poisoned by aflatoxin. PMID- 38728 TI - [Beta-mimetics in the treatment of threatened premature labor (personal experience in 41 cases treated with ritodrine)]. PMID- 38729 TI - [Chronic urticaria. Etiologic and therapeutic evaluation of 150 cases. (author's transl)]. AB - The study of one hundred and fifty cases of chronic urticaria observed, gave the following results: higher female frequency, usual beginning at adult age, relative absence of digestive problems. For the last of these results we nevertheless noted numerous insignificant functional features, a few examples of colitis, a number of cases of non-functioning gall-bladder. Frequency of sensitivity to foods, preservatives, colouring agents, medical substances, principally shown by provocation tests (the latter present a considerable interest, and merit frequent use); importance of bacterian, mycotic, parasitic origins; little importance of atopy; frequency of minor psychogenic disorders. A contributing role might be played by spasmophily. The therapy includes the following basic treatment; antihistaminic drugs (mainly hydroxyzine hydrochloride and cyproheptadine hydrochloride) and a diet which eliminates recognized urticaria causing foods. In addition, a supplementary treatment destined to eliminate the factors shown to be responsible for the outbreak, must be prescribed. PMID- 38730 TI - [Cutaneous reactions to propranolol (author's transl)]. AB - A 17-year-old male patient with eczematous and psoriasiform eruption that developed during long-term therapy with Propanolol (Avlocardyl) has been studied. This eruption disappeared after removal of the drug; oral challenge was soon followed by a vesiculous and bullous eruption of face and extremities; five months later, sun exposure was followed by a severe eczematous eruption in these areas; nails changes were then observed. Most of side-effects of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs have been reported with Practolol: lichenoid, exanthematous, eczematous, psoriasiform rashes; exfoliative dermatitis; oculo-muco-cutaneous reactions; fibrosing polyseritis and drug induced systemic lupus erythematosus manifestations. Adverse effects of other beta-adrenergic blocking agents are less frequent. The pathogenetic mechanism responsible for these adverse reactions is still obscur: these changes might be caused by blockade of the epidermal cells (and T-lymphocytes) beta-receptors, more than by a direct immunologic, allergic or toxic mechanism. PMID- 38731 TI - [A study of certain factors which might modify the pharmacological action of hydroxyhexamide, an active metabolite of the oral hypoglycemic agent: acetohexamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 38732 TI - [Evaluation of antacids action on gastric ph: provoked hyperchlorhydria test (P.H.T.) (author's transl)]. PMID- 38733 TI - British Association of Clinical Anatomists. Abstracts of papers presented at the Annual General Meeting, 1979. PMID- 38734 TI - [Renal acidification disturbance in vitamin D deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Extensive studies of renal acidification process have been performed in states of vitamin D deficiency. Results show that the process of hydrogen ion excretion is strongly impaired on the entire length of the nephron. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone probably interfere within tubular cells regulating the concentration of calcium and cyclic AMP; the modification of such an equilibrium carried out by vitamin D deficiency would explain the renal dysfunction. PMID- 38735 TI - [General meeting of the Belgian Society of Endocrinology and of the Endocrine Pancreas Contact Group of the Scientific Medical Research Foundation. Session of November 18, 1978]. AB - Rats are fed during 18 months with normal diet or diet enriched with 25% of many fats; half of these diets are enriched with 25% sucrose. The hyperglycemic curve is elevated by the female on diets enriched with sucrose and beef fat or sucrose and M.C.T. The insulinemia is higher by the males on diet enriched with beef fat and sucrose and by the female on diet enriched with beef fat and sucrose. PMID- 38736 TI - Inhibitory effects of anticonvulsant drugs on cyclic nucleotide accumulation in brain. AB - Veratridine causes deplorization of excitable cells and produces marked elevation of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) levels in incubated slices of mouse cerebral cortex. Phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, primidone, phensuximide, methsuximide, alpha-methyl alpha-phenylsuccinimide, and high concentrations of clonazepam are anticonvulsant drugs that preferentially prevent maximal electroshock seizures (MES) and generalized tonic-clonic convulsions; all these agents inhibit veratridine induced accumulation of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. In contrast, ethosuximide, trimethadione, valproic acid, and low concentrations of clonazepam are anticonvulsant drugs that act predominantly against Metrazol and absence seizures; these agents are ineffective or inhibit accumulation of only cyclic GMP. The results suggest that inhibition of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP accumulation in depolarized brain tissue is a molecular neuropharmacological action characteristic of anticonvulsant drugs that have direct effects on cellular membrane function and prevent MES. Anticonvulsant drugs that do not inhibit accumulation of both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in depolarized brain tissue preferentially prevent Metrazol and absence seizures and probably exert their effects by altering neurotransmission mechanisms. PMID- 38737 TI - Intracellular redox states under halothane and barbiturate anesthesia in normal, ischemic, and anoxic monkey brain. AB - Cortical reflectance, mean arterial blood pressuees, electroencephalograms, and cortical blood flow were continuously recorded together with fluorescence of reduced pyridine nucleotides (PN) at various carbon dioxide tensions before, during, and following middle cerebral artery occlusion in 10 squirrel monkeys receiving halothane or babiturate anesthesia. Measurements were continued through a nitrogen breathing cycle and to death produced by anoxia. The anesthetic agent produced no detectable differences in PN fluorescence in cerebral tissue during ischemia and anoxia. The known cerebral protective action of barbiturates is apparently unrelated to the intracellular redox state. PMID- 38738 TI - Peptide neurotransmitters. PMID- 38739 TI - Metabolite transport in mitochondria. PMID- 38740 TI - Phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of enzymes. PMID- 38741 TI - Hydrogen exchange kinetics and internal motions in proteins and nucleic acids. PMID- 38742 TI - Bactericidal and bacteriostatic action of chloramphenicol against memingeal pathogens. AB - The bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects of chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfisoxazole were compared against several potential meningeal pathogens. Chloramphenicol is bactericidal at clinically achievable concentrations against Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis. It is bacteriostatic against gram-negative bacilli of the family Enterobacteriaceae and against Staphylococcus aureus. Chloramphenicol has proven highly efficacious in the treatment of bacterial meningitis caused by those organisms against which it is bactericidal at low concentrations. Because leukocytic phagocytosis in the subarachnoid space is inefficient, we propose that bactericidal activity in cerebrospinal fluid is important for optimal therapy of bacterial meningitis. Chloramphenicol does not provide such activity in meningitis caused by enteric gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 38743 TI - Insulin B chain-degrading neutral peptidase activity in the rat. Tissue distribution and the effects of starvation and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. PMID- 38744 TI - A kinetic study of the reconstitution of azurin from Cu(II) and the apoprotein. PMID- 38745 TI - Biosynthesis of phytoene from isopentenyl pyrophosphate by a Neurospora enzyme system. PMID- 38746 TI - Covalent modification as the cause of the anomalous kinetics of aryl sulfatase A. PMID- 38747 TI - The membrane potential in everted vesicles of Escherichia coli. PMID- 38748 TI - Hepatic lipid metabolism: effect of spermine, albumin, and Z protein on microsomal lipid formation. PMID- 38749 TI - Kinetic properties of pig pyruvate kinases type A from kidney and type M from muscle. PMID- 38750 TI - Reconstitution of aminotransferases in vivo and their metabolic turnover. PMID- 38751 TI - The Ca2+-induced membrane transition in mitochondria. II. Nature of the Ca2+ trigger site. PMID- 38752 TI - Kinetic properties of aspartate transport in rat heart mitochondrial inner membranes. PMID- 38753 TI - [Proceedings of the activities of the Belgian Society of Cell Biology]. PMID- 38754 TI - Scottish Paediatric Society. Annual general meeting, 17 November 1978. Scientific communications. PMID- 38755 TI - Histochemistry in psoriasis. 5'-Nucleotidase in psoriatic parakeratotic horny layer. AB - The 5'-nucleotidase activity in psoriatic and normal human epidermis was studied in comparison to acid phosphatase activity. The optimum pH in normal human epidermis was about 5.0 at room temperature. The activity of both enzymes was found to be high in the transitional zone. Acid phosphatase (non-specific) activity was strongly positive in the psoriatic parakeratotic horny layers whereas 5'-nucleotidase activity in that area was completely absent. The results suggest that the enzyme which degrades nucleoside-5'-phosphate to nucleoside and inorganic phosphate is not acid phosphatase but 5'-nucleotidase. Nuclear preservation in psoriatic hyperkeratosis was attributed to absence or inactivation of specific enzymes of nuclear degradation, such as 5'-nucleotidase, rather than acid phosphatase. PMID- 38756 TI - [Action of etofibrate, clofibrate and nicotinic acid on the metabolism of lipids in normolipemic rats. Short term effects and method of action]. PMID- 38757 TI - [Effects of beta adrenergic blockers on the gastric secretion in rats]. PMID- 38758 TI - [Extravesical ureteral ectopy: report of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases are presented in different sexes of an extravesical, ureteral ectopia, one of which was associated with a cryptorchid U.V.R. and micropenis and the other with complete, bilateral duplicity of the tracts. The authors comment upon the clinical peculiarities in both sexes, as well as the surgical possibilities in each case, with special emphasis on the etiopathogenic and diagnostic problems involved in this type of malformation. PMID- 38759 TI - Potentiation of the response of rat vas deferens to noradrenaline by dicylohexylamine and related amines. AB - The results of a previous study on protection by propranolol and dicyclohexylamine of alpha-blockade suggested that these compounds potentiated the response of the isolated rat vas deferens to noradrenaline. A number of structural analogues of dicyclohexylamine (DCHA) have now been investigated for their effects on noradrenaline responses and some of them have been shown to potentiate these responses. At concentrations approaching those necessary to achieve maximum potentiation they also brought about the spiked contraction of the vas deferens. The potentiating effects of these amines are discussed together with their relevance to the protection of alpha-blockade. PMID- 38760 TI - Effects of beta adrenergic blocking agents upon thermal trauma induced cardiovascular changes. AB - The cardiovascular changes induced by 15% total body surface area 3 degrees burn have been studied in dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. The responses observed were a decrease in plasma volume, a decrease in cardiac output, and a slight but insignificant fall in mean arterial blood pressure. Beta adrenergic blockage with propranolol prior to thermal trauma reduced the plasma volume loss, increased the depression of cardiac output, and caused a rise in mean arterial blood pressure. From these results it has been postulated that beta adrenergic stimulation contributes to the plasma volume loss and the slight fall in mean arterial pressure observed following thermal trauma. PMID- 38761 TI - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of obstructive myocardiopathies: study of the systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and septal hypertrophy as compared with the hemodynamic and mechanographic findings. Evolution under medical treatment]. AB - Characteristic echocardiographic features of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy were recorded in 24 patients, all of whom had asymmetric septal hypertrophy and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) at rest or after pharmacodynamic stimulation. The relationship between outflow tract obstruction and SAM was assessed by comparison with data obtained at cardiac catheterisation and external mechanography: SAM seems to be a non-specific phenomenon and may be recorded in cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without obstruction during pharmacodynamic stimulation. In forms with obstruction, SAM and the severity of obstruction increase with the degree of spetal hypertrophy. The increased contractility of the left ventricular posterior wall appears to be an important factor in the mechanism of SAM which can be prevented by betablockade in moderate or labile forms. When SAM is permanent, whatever the gradient recorded, it is a sign of anatomical deformation of the left ventricle and may be an additional indication for cardiac surgery. PMID- 38762 TI - [Continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings using the Holter system in the late phase of hospitalization for recent myocardial infarct. Value and limitations studied in a series of 100 patients]. AB - Repeated continuous ambulatory electrocardiography by Holter monitoring was performed after early mobilisation post-myocardial infarction in 100 patients, without ventricular extrasystoles on classical ECG. Frequent ventricular arrhythmias were recorded in 58 p. 100 cases, unrelated to the localisation of the infarct. The observation of ventricular arrhythmias in the Coronary Care Unit (CCU) was not related to the occurrence of VEs during Holter monitoring. On the other hand, VEs were less frequent (38 p. 100 compared to 68 p. 100) in patients taking amiodarone or betablockers on transfer from the CCU. The reduced activity of patients during Holter monitoring minimises the frequency of arrhythmias, and 10 p. 100 patients were observed to have VEs only after exercise tolerance testing. These VEs seem to be a bad prognostic factor; the 9 patients who died in this series all presented VEs on ambulatory monitoring (7) or during exercise tolerance testing (2). However the number of patients with triple vessel disease was greater in the group with VEs on ambulatory monitoring (57 p. 100 compared with 13 p. 100). It is difficult to assess the precise role of the VEs amongst the other risk factors of sudden death. This is not a randomised study, but it would appear that long=term amiodarone or betablockers therapy may influence the medium-term prognosis. PMID- 38764 TI - Abstracts. Molecular biology of human genetics. PMID- 38763 TI - Predicting drug-free improvement in schizophrenic psychosis. AB - In a sample of 22 psychotic schizophrenic patients, eight improved substantially during a 30-day drug-free period. The drug-free improver group differed from the nonimprover group in demonstrating a later age of onset, briefer psychotic episodes, shorter hospitalizations, and better prognostic scores on the Phillips Scale, Strauss-Carpenter Modified Prognostic Scale, and the Vaillant Scale. After drug withdrawal, drug-free improvers frequently demonstrated further improvement when treated with doses of neuroleptic drugs that were substantially lower than the clinically recommended doses. The authors raise the question as to whether the drug-free improvers may represent a subgroup of schizophrenic patients who are being overtreated presently by standard neuroleptic practice. PMID- 38765 TI - [Swiss Society for Genetics. Abstracts]. PMID- 38766 TI - Modifications of erythrocyte phosphofructokinase in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Acute stage and remission. AB - Erythrocyte phosphofructokinase from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia was purified and characterized. In the acute stage of the disease the enzyme showed decrease affinity for substrate, reduced stability to heating and PCMB treatment, altered pH curve and increased effect of ATP as allosteric inhibitor. Only in one patient in remission, reversal of all enzyme abnormalities was found. In other cases, the general pattern of enzyme modifications was retained in spite of complete regression of clinical and hematologic symptoms. The only feature showing tendency to normalization in nearly all patients was the thermostability of phosphofructokinase. The results are discussed with regard to the mechanism of the enzyme's modification. PMID- 38767 TI - Determination of monoureides in biological fluids by high-pressure-liquid chromatography. PMID- 38768 TI - [In vitro ability of dental plaque formation by Bacteroides melaninogenicus (author's transl)]. PMID- 38769 TI - Uptake and release of putative neurotransmitters. Measurements in regions of the normal and Newcastle disease virus-infected mouse brain. AB - The capacity of various regions of the mouse brain to accumulate a series of putative neurotransmitter compounds has been studied in cerebral homogenates. This uptake is selective, sodium dependent, energy dependent, and exhibits characteristics of high affinity transport. Calcium-stimulated release under depolarizing conditions of accumulated radioactive compounds was also examined. Large regional variations of uptake and release capacity existed. No clear relation between intensity of uptake and releasability of transported compounds was seen. The effect of infection of mice with Newcastle disease virus on these processes was investigated. No significant differences were seen in infected mice despite their depressed metabolic rate. PMID- 38770 TI - An improved fluorimetric determination of alpha-mannosidase activity in bovine plasma. AB - This paper describes a manual fluorimetric method for the assay of acidic alpha mannosidase activity in bovine plasma. The optimum conditions for the assay of this enzyme were studied. The assay method devised includes the addition of zinc to the substrate, which stimulates activity by approximately twofold, and reduces the optimum substrate concentration. This latter feature affords considerable cost saving in each test. We have also shown that the alpha-mannosidase activity in lithium heparin plasma, EDTA plasma and blood serum is the same whether the plasma/serum is separated from the cells/clot at 6, 20 or 25 hours after sample collection. This has eliminated the previous necessity of having to deliver whole blood samples to the laboratory within 6 hours of collection. Furthermore samples for the supplementary neutrophil assay can now be taken at the same time as those for the plasma test, and both samples forwarded together. The plasma alpha mannosidase assay is a rapid and reliable screening test for the mannosidosis genotype and for detecting carrier animals. Carrying out this plasma assay in conjunction with the more definitive neutrophil assay provides a reliable method of distinguishing homozygotes and heterozygotes from normal animals. PMID- 38771 TI - Hydrolysis of p-NN'-phenylenebismaleimide and its adducts with cysteine. Implications for cross-linking of proteins. AB - To understand the extent of the cross-linking of proteins by the bifunctional reagent p-NN'-phenylenebismaleimide, a quantitative study of competing reactions has been undertaken. The two reactive maleimide rings of the bismaleimide are hydrolysed in mildly alkaline aqueous solutions much more rapidly than is the single maleimide ring of the monofunctional analogue N-ethylmaleimide. The kinetics of hydrolysis are second-order, depending on both imide and hydroxyl ion concentration in the pH range 8-10. The hydrolysis of the first imide ring of the bismaleimide is more rapid than the second, with second-order rate constants of 1600 M-1 . s-1 and 500 M-1 . s-1 respectively, at 25 degrees C. The half-times for hydrolysis of the first and second imide rings at pH 9.0 are therefore only 43s and 140s. Because it renders the maleimide ring unreactive towards cysteine, this rapid hydrolysis can limit the extent of cross-linking of proteins by the bismaleimide. PMID- 38772 TI - The catalytic activity of pig pepsin C towards small synthetic substrates. AB - A series of small peptides has been synthesized and used to investigate the activity of a minor pig pepsin, pepsin C (EC 3.4.23.3). The peptides had the general formula A-Leu-Val-His-B. B was either OMe, NH2 or OH. With B = NH2 hydrolysis (kcat./Km) at 37 degrees C and pH 2.07 increased as A was Ac-Ala, Ac Tyr, Ac-Phe and Ac-Ala-Phe. The pH dependence of the hydrolysis of Ac-Phe-Leu-Val His-NH2 indicated the apparent pKa values of two catalytically important groups on the enzyme as 1.42 and 4.88. Inhibition of the hydrolysis of the same peptide by Ac-Phe at pH 3.01 showed a form of mixed non-competitive inhibition. Hydrolysis of Ac-Tyr-Leu-Val-His-OMe and the corresponding amide showed non classical kinetics, which are discussed in terms of a substrate-activating mechanism. The results are discussed with reference to observations made by other workers on pig pepsin A. PMID- 38773 TI - The inhibition of staphylococcal beta-lactamase by clavulanic acid. AB - Clavulanic acid inhibited both the extracellular and cell-extract beta-lactamases of the four Staphylococcus aureus strains tested. The inhibition of S. aureus Russell cell-extract enzyme appeared to be active-site-directed and proceeded in a first-order fashion consistent with the formation of a covalent intermediate. Inhibited enzyme free of excess clavulanic acid was shown to regenerate enzyme activity slowly at pH 7.0, but the rate of reactivation increased at acid pH. When the enzyme was incubated with excess clavulanic acid complete inhibition was rapidly obtained, during further incubation clavulanic acid was shown to disappear slowly and complete loss of clavulanic acid from the reaction mixture coincided with the onset of the return of enzyme activity. A reactive enamine resulting from enzymic hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring of clavulanic acid has been proposed as a possible intermediate in the inhibitory mechanism. PMID- 38774 TI - Kinetics of enzymic reductive deiodination of iodothyronines. Effect of pH. AB - 5'-Deiodination of thyroxine (yielding 3,3',5-tri-iodothyronine; reaction I) and of 3,3',5'-tri-iodothyronine (yielding 3,3'-di-iodothyronine; reaction II) and 5 deiodination of thyroxine (yielding 3,3',5'-tri-iodothyronine; reaction III) and of 3,3',5-tri-iodothyronine (yielding 3,3'-di-iodothyronine; reaction IV) as catalysed by rat liver microsomal fraction were studied at pH 6.5, 7.2 and 8.0 It was found that: (1) the Km of reaction I was relatively independent of pH (approx. 3 microM), whereas V was highest at pH 6.5 (63 pmol of 3,3',5-tri iodothyronine/min per mg of protein); (2) the Km of reaction II was lowest at pH 6.5 (0.035 microM), but V was highest at pH 8.0 (829 pmol of 3,3'-di iodothyronine/min per mg of protein); (3) thyroxine inhibited reaction II competitively; Ki values were identical at pH 6.5 and 8.0 (1 microM); (4) for both reactions III and IV Km was lowest and V was highest at pH 8.0. The results are compatible with the view that reactions I and II are mediated by a single enzyme (iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase) and that reactions III and IV are catalysed by a second enzyme (iodothyronine 5-deiodinase). PMID- 38775 TI - The beta-glucosidase from Botryodiplodia theobromae. Mechanism of enzyme catalysed reactions. AB - The effects of pH and temperature on Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax.) and of NaCl on the activity of the high-molecular-weight beta-glucosidase (beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase EC 3.2.1.21) from cultures of Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. have been studied. 2. Donor binding and inhibition of activity by glucose were dependent on the ionization of a group (pK 6.0) that appeared to be an imidazole group. 3. Catalytic activity and the stimulation of activity by glycerol were dependent on the ionization of two groups, which appeared to be a carboxy group and an imidazole group. 4. The Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) calculated from results obtained at pH 4.0 and 5.0 was about 45--46kJ.mol-1. 5. The enthalpies (delta H0) calculated from results obtained at pH 4.0 and 5.0 were similar (about -4kJ.mol-1), whereas at pH 6.5 the value was about -33kJ.mol-1. 6. The entropies (delta S0) calculated from these results at 37 degrees C were -21, 22 and -118J.K-1.mol-1 at pH 4.0, 5.0 and 6.5 respectively. A low concentration of NaCl (16.6 mM) stimulated enzymic activity and decreased the Km for the donor, whereas high concentrations (up to 500 mM) inhibited enzymic activity, increased the Km and had no effect on Vmax. 8. Plots of initial velocity data obtained in the presence of dioxan as 1/v against the ratio of the molar concentration of dioxan to that of water were linear. 9. The results are discussed in terms of the enzyme mechanism. PMID- 38776 TI - Factors affecting the activity and stability of the palmitoyl-coenzyme A hydrolase of rat brain. AB - Palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.2) catalyses the irreversible hydrolysis of long-chain acyl-CoA thioesters. This enzyme is found primarily in the postmicrosomal supernatant fraction prepared from homogenates of rat brain. Either of two forms of the hydrolase, a lower-molecular-weight species of approx. 70000 or a higher-molecular-weight species of approx. 130000 can be isolated by gel filtration. The higher-molecular-weight form is obtained from columns of Sephadex G-200 eluted with buffer containing 10mum-palmitoyl-CoA or 20% (v/v) glycerol, whereas the lower-molecular-weight form is obtained when the eluting buffer does not contain palmitoyl-CoA or glycerol. The two forms of the hydrolase have the same pH optimum of 7.5, are equally sensitive to the thiol-blocking reagents p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, HgCl(2), and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), and exhibit the same K(m) (1.8mum) with palmitoyl-CoA as substrate. The two forms differ in the availability or reactivity of certain external thiol groups, as determined by covalent chromatography with activated thiol Sepharose. Dilute solutions of the lower-molecular-weight form of the hydrolase rapidly lose activity (50% in 60min at 0 degrees C), but there is no change in the K(m) with palmitoyl-CoA as substrate during this progressive inactivation. Dilutions of the hydrolase in buffer containing 10mum-palmitoyl-CoA retain full activity. However, addition of palmitoyl-CoA to solutions of the lower-molecular-weight form will not restore previously lost hydrolase activity. The evidence supports the conclusion that the substrate palmitoyl-CoA promotes the formation of a relatively stable dimer from two unstable subunits. This process may not be reversible, since the removal of palmitoyl-CoA or glycerol from solutions of the higher-molecular-weight form does not result in the appearance of the lower molecular-weight form of the hydrolase. PMID- 38777 TI - Enzyme-substrate and enzyme-inhibitor complexes of triose phosphate isomerase studied by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The complex formed between the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.1.), from rabbit and chicken muscle, and its substrate dihydroxyacetone phosphate was studied by 31P n.m.r. Two other enzyme-ligant complexes examined were those formed by glycerol 3-phosphate (a substrate analogue) and by 2-phosphoglycollate (potential transition-state analogue). Separate resonances were observed in the 31P n.m.r. spectrum for free and bound 2-phosphoglycollate, and this sets an upper limit to the rate constant for dissociation of the enzyme-inhibitor complex; the linewidth of the resonance assigned to the bound inhibitor provided further kinetic information. The position of this resonance did not vary with pH but remained close to that of the fully ionized form of the free 2 phosphoglycollate. It is the fully ionized form of this ligand that binds to the enzyme. The proton uptake that accompanies binding shows protonation of a group on the enzyme. On the basis of chemical and crystallographic information [Hartman (1971) Biochemistry 10, 146--154; Miller & Waley (1971) Biochem. J. 123, 163- 170; De la Mare, Coulson, Knowles, Priddle & Offord )1972) Biochem. J. 129, 321- 331; Phillips, Rivers, Sternberg, Thornton & Wilson (1977) Biochem. Soc. Trans. 5, 642--647] this group is believed to be glutamate-165. On the other hand, the position of the resonance of D-glycerol 3 phosphate (sn-glycerol 1-phosphate) in the enzyme-ligand complex changes with pH, and both monoanion and dianon of the ligand bind, although dianion binds better. The substrate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate, behaves essentially like glycerol 3-phosphate. The experiments with dihydroxy-acetone phosphate and triose phosphate isomerase have to be carried out at 1 degree C because at 37 degrees C there is conversion into methyl glyoxal and orthophosphate. The mechanismof the enzymic reaction and the reasons for rate enhancement are considered, and aspects of the pH-dependence are discussed in an Appendix. PMID- 38778 TI - Spectrophotometric studies on the interaction between triose phosphate isomerase and inhibitors. AB - The binding of ligands to chicken muscle triose phosphate isomerase was studied. Changes in u.v. absorbance of the enzyme were used to measure binding, and the dissociation constant was determined over a range of pH values. The ligands were 2-phosphoglycollate and rac-glycerol 3-phosphate (only the D-isomer, sn-glycerol 1-phosphate, binds appreciably). Non-linear regression was used to fit calculated curves to the experimental points and hence to compare different models. Both active sites in the dimeric enzyme probably bound 2-phosphoglycollate, without any interaction between the sites. The results of crystallographic analysis [phillips, Rivers, Sternberg, Thornton & Wilson (1977) Biochem. Soc Trans. 5, 642 -647], and experiments on the 1H, 13C and 31P n.m.r. of enzyme or 2 phosphoglycollate were combined with the present results to provide the basis for a model in which binding depends on glutamic acid-165 being protonated and on the ligant being fully ionized; additionally, binding affects the ionization of one histidine residue (probably histidine-100). The binding of the glycerol 3 phosphate, on the other hand, was independent of pH over the range pH 6.5--8.5 but decreased at lower pH values. This is explained on a model in which the binding of the monoanion of the ligand is markedly affected by the protonation of a residue in the enzyme, but the binding of the dianion is only slightly affected by this ionization. PMID- 38779 TI - Self-association of unconjugated bilirubin-IX alpha in aqueous solution at pH 10.0 and physical-chemical interactions with bile salt monomers and micelles. AB - Spectrophotometric measurements of bilirubin-IX alpha in water and in aqueous/organic solvent mixtures at pH 10.0 as a function of bilirubin-IX alpha concentration (approx. 0.6--400 microM) are consistent with the formation of dimers (KD - 1.5 microM) in dilute (less than 10 microM) aqueous solution and further self-aggregation to multimers at higher concentrations. Added urea (to 10M) and increases in temperature (to 62 degrees C) obliterate the dimer-multimer transition at 10 microM, but added NaCl (to 0.30 M) promotes strong aggregation of dimers over a narrow concentration range, suggesting a 'micellization' phenomenon. Concentrations of dioxan or ethanol greater than 60% (v/v) in water were required to obtain the absorption spectrum of bilirubin-IX alpha monomers, suggesting that both hydrophobic and electrostatic (pi-orbital) interactions are involved in stabilizing the dimeric state in water. Micellar concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulphate induced spectrophotometric shifts in the dimer absorption spectrum of bilirubin-IX alpha consistent with progressive partitioning of bilirubin-IX alpha monomers into a relatively non-polar region of the micelles and allowed a deduction of the apparent critical micellar concentration that closely approximated the literature values. The pattern of bilirubin IX alpha association with bile salts is complex, since the absorption spectrum shifts hypsochromically below and bathochromically above the critical micellar concentration of the bile salts. Consistent with these observations, bilirubin IX alpha appears to bind to the polar face of bile salt monomers and to the polar perimeter of small bile salt micelles. At higher bile salt concentrations some bilirubin-IX alpha monomers partition into the hydrophobic interior of the bile salt micelles. Our results suggest that under physiological conditions the natural conjugates of bilirubin-IX alpha may exhibit similar physical chemical properties in bile, in that dimers, highly aggregated multimers and bile salt associated monomers may co-exist. PMID- 38780 TI - A thiol-labelling reagent and reactivity probe containing electrophilic mercury and a chromophoric leaving group. AB - 2-(2'-Pyridylmercapto)mercuri-4-nitrophenol was synthesized and evaluated as a thiol-labelling reagent containing a chromophoric leaving group and as a reactivity probe by studies on its reactions with 2-mercaptoethanol and with papain (EC 3.4.22.2). PMID- 38781 TI - Phencyclidine stimulates guanylate cyclase activity. PMID- 38782 TI - Inhibition of the activity of DNA polymerase alpha by 2',3'-dideoxythymidine 5' triphosphate. PMID- 38783 TI - Enthalpy changes for inositol hexaphosphate binding to hemoglobins A and M Iwate. PMID- 38784 TI - Highly purified microsomal P-450: the oxyferro intermediate stabilized at low temperature. PMID- 38785 TI - The effect of non-aggregating proteins upon the gelation of sickle cell hemoglobin: model calculations and data analysis. PMID- 38786 TI - Dissociation and reassociation of creatine kinase with heart mitochondria; pH and phosphate dependence. PMID- 38787 TI - An alternative hypothesis for the direction of hydrogen ion movement and energy transduction in H. halobium. PMID- 38788 TI - Regulation of proton leakage from broken chloroplasts by CF0. PMID- 38789 TI - Chloroplast ribulose-5-phosphate kinase: light-mediated activation, and detection of both soluble and membrane-associated activity. PMID- 38790 TI - Activation of microsomal guanylate cyclase by a cytotoxic polypeptide: melittin. PMID- 38791 TI - Coupling of amines to and cross-linking of endogenous cytosol or membrane proteins by hepatic transglutaminase. PMID- 38792 TI - Microsomal metabolism of arylamides by the rat and guinea pig--II. Oxidation of 3 fluorenylacetamide at carbon atom 9. Formation of 3-acetamido-9-fluorenone. PMID- 38793 TI - Substrate and inhibitor selectivity of human heart monoamine oxidase. PMID- 38794 TI - Absence of increased tyrosine hydroxylation after induction of brain tyrosine hydroxylase following reserpine administration. PMID- 38795 TI - Oxidative deamination of cyclohexylamine and its homologs by rabbit liver microsomes. PMID- 38796 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants and imidazolines as inhibitors of the alpha-adrenergic receptor mediated stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover in rat pineal gland. PMID- 38797 TI - Partial purification and chromatographic properties of inactive renin from human amniotic fluid. PMID- 38798 TI - beta-Adrenoceptor blocking activity of 1-substituted trimetoquinol analogs. PMID- 38799 TI - FM24: a long lasting blocker of rat liver beta-adrenoreceptors. PMID- 38800 TI - Reverse trans-synaptic regulation of neuronal noradrenaline uptake. PMID- 38801 TI - Isozymes of rat urinary kallikrein. PMID- 38802 TI - [Circadian rhythms in monocellular organisms (author's transl)]. AB - Monocellular organisms are well suited for studies on the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms. Thythms in different monocellular organisms are similar. This mean that it might be anticipated that the mechanisms of all these rhythms are similar. Evidence so far available has resulted in several models, some of which emphasize the role of membranes and deserve special interest. A "coupled translation membrane model" is in full agreement with those particular results which have been obtained on the green alga, Acetabularia. Attempts to verify the role of essential polypeptides which was postulated in the model, by isolating such components appear to be successful. PMID- 38803 TI - General pharmacology of amitriptylinoxide. PMID- 38804 TI - [4th seminar on clinical pharmacology in Bad Nauheim, 17--22 October 1977. Proceedings]. PMID- 38805 TI - [8th symposium of the Workshop for Neurospychopharmacology and Pharmacopsychiatry (AGNP) at Nuremberg, 26-29 October 1977. Pathophysiology and psychopharmacology of schizophrenic psychoses. Proceedings]. PMID- 38806 TI - [Follow-up treatment of schizophrenic psychoses: advantages and disadvantages of long-term medication]. AB - In completely remitted schizophrenic patients with formerly paranoid hallucinatory symptoms, the reoccurrence of relapses can be reduced in an extremely high percentage by relatively low neuroleptic long-term treatment specifically adjusted to each patient. Without medication there is an extremely high rate of relapses to be expected. In prophylactic neuroleptic medication the dose must be calculated individually. The depressive syndrome, which can be observed in higher therapeutic dosages, will then be less frequent. The social handicap due to side-effects of prophylactic treatment is more tolerable than the risk of relapse. The follow-up records of the patients treated with long-term medication of the active drug show that, in spite of side-effects, occupational resocialisation and personal stabilisation could be established more easily than in the placebo group. By close psycho-social after-care a high percentage of relapses can be handled in out-patients. PMID- 38807 TI - [Course of psychopathologic and extrapyramidal motor symptoms during long-term treatment of schizophrenic patients with psycholeptic drugs (author's transl)]. AB - 65 chronic-schizophrenic outpatients were treated with fluphenazinedecanoate for 24 months. Hallucinations and delusions remitted between week 24 and 36, formal disturbances of thinking occurred in 50% of the patients up to the 24th week, mood disorders and disorders and schizophrenic changes in personality could only gradually be controlled. In the first 3 months of treatment the incidence and intensity of rigor grew up to the critical point after 24 weeks of treatment; by the 60th week of treatment it had completely vanished. Akathisia reached its peak after the first and the 36th week and two different populations could be distinguished. 8% of the patients showed dyskinetic reactions up to the 12th week; 20% of the patients showed hyper- and dyskinesia after 72 weeks of treatment. 30 to 40% of the patients required anticholinergics between the 12th and 48th weeks; after the 84th week this medication was no longer necessary. PMID- 38808 TI - [Influence of clozapine on neuroleptigenic extrapyramidal motor disturbances (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Human neuroleptogenic EPMS-disturbances are reversed by clozapine in animal experiments and in clinical use. This is consistent with the central anticholinergic efficacy of clozapine. 2. Clozapine seems to be a favourable concomitant medication when high dosage therapy of neuroleptics is applied--or at the incidence of dyskinesia. PMID- 38809 TI - [Norepinephrine turnover under neuroleptic treatment of schizophrenic syndromes (author's transl)]. AB - In 45 psychotic in-patients with the paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome, the psychopathology, the extrapyramidal motor disturbances and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) in CSF were investigated. A 15-day treatment with haloperidol induced significant increase of MHPG in CSF; after 10 days clozapine treatment MHPG was significantly reduced. 10 days later the normal values were reached again. The investigation of MHPG in CSF under treatment with neuroleptics showed no correlation between antipsychotic activity and the turnover of central norepinephrine. PMID- 38810 TI - [Differentiating the action of cataleptogenic bodies (author's transl)]. AB - Responses to several drugs called cataleptogenic as shown in the "Catalepsy Testbattery", were analyzed for their trigger mechanism. The results lead to the conclusion that the neurophysiological mechanisms of neuroleptic drugs are based on an inhibition of the processing of afferences. Therefore the term "experimental catalepsy" seems to be applicable only to these drugs. On the contrary, opioid drugs induce a state of rigidity which even can be increased by manipulating the animal. These conclusions are verified by electromyographical studies. In our opinion this syndrome should not be called "catalepsy" but "opiate stiffness". PMID- 38811 TI - [Central and peripheral interactions of the antiparkinson agent biperiden and the antihistaminic bamipin on the rat excited by pilocarpine]. AB - Excitatory reactions elicited by pilocarpine HCl (50 mg/kg i.v. in 6 s) are used for demonstrating synergistic effects of the central anticholinergic drug biperiden (Akineton) and the antihistamine bamipine (Soventol). Scratching movements of the hind legs are used as parameter for central activity, salivation for peripheral and death for toxic drug effect, respectively. The results show distinct synergistic (central) activity of drug combinations concerning the inhibition of scratching movements. On the contrary, no intensified inhibition is found with the peripheal symptom salivation bamipine rather induces an attenuation of inhibitory effects seen after hig doses of biperiden. Furthermore, the enhanced toxicity of pilocarpine caused by bamipine in a defined dosage range is antagonized by biperiden in a dose related manner. The results of the animal experiments presented are paralleled with clinical experience. PMID- 38812 TI - [The effect of neurotropic substances on the social facilitation of chickens (author's transl)]. AB - When 8-day old chickens are placed into an unfamiliar test cage they do not begin to peck feed until a control bird has begun to peck. They immediately cease their consumption of feed as soon as the control bird has been removed. Under the influence of various neurotropic substances a deviating response occurs, which can be understood as an inability to adjust quickly to a new situation. PMID- 38813 TI - [Effect of long-term treatment with neuroleptics or lithium salts on carbohydrate metabolism]. AB - Long-term treatments with neuroleptic drugs or lithium salts are well established and, with regard to side-effects, possess a common denominator: both treatments may increase the body weight, and may influence in different, even contrary ways the carbohydrate metabolism. In this study the oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) including the determination of immunologically measurable insulin (IMI) has been performed in 49 lithium-treated out-patients, and in 125 inpatients under neuroleptic long-term treatment. The test was repeated within six months in the lithium-group. 3 different evaluation criteria were used. Among the patients with neuroleptic treatment there were 25 to 36% with a pathological glucose tolerance curve; the expected frequency would have been approx. 8%. 55% of the patients had overweight, which positively correlated to the occurrence of pathological glucose tolerance. 24.5 to 30.6% of cases with pathological oGT were found in the lithium group. 69% of the patients had overweight; age and overweight positively correlated with pathological oGT. According to the very conservative criterion of the European Study Group (EDESG), the still increased frequency of pathological oGT curves in the second investigation, compared to epidemiological data, just failed statistical significance. The results suggest that also under long-term lithium treatment an increased lability of carbohydrate metabolism, be it due to the drug or the manic-depressive disease, must be discussed as a potential risk for the patient. PMID- 38814 TI - [Neuroleptics and the extrapyramidal system]. PMID- 38815 TI - [Neuroleptics and extrapyramidal effects from the biochemical viewpoint. Discussion by the Workshop on Neuroleptics and the Extrapyramidal System]. PMID- 38816 TI - Stereochemistry of viminol, a novel central analgesic. AB - The synthesis of the stereoisomers of the centrally acting analgesic 1-[1-(2 chlorobenzyl)-pyrrol-2-yl]-2-di-sec.-butylamino-ethanol (viminol) is described. Their absolute configuration has been shown by comparing the circular dichroism (CD) curves with those of some phenyl analogs: for one of the viminol stereoisomers the postulated configurational assignment has been recently confirmed by an X-ray analysis. The pharmacological properties shared by the viminol stereoisomers are also described. The R,R configuration of the sec.-butyl groups and the S configuration of the hydroxy group appear to be essential for the agonistic effects: analgesia, tolerance and physical dependence in rodents. The S,R,R configurated viminol does not substitute, however, for morphine in monkeys, using the single dose suppression test. S,S or R,S(S,R) configurations of the sec.-butyl groups are associated with antagonistic properties. The binding capacity of the viminol stereoisomers to the opiate receptors and their influence on the acetylcholine release from the intestinal cholinergic terminals electrically stimulated are also described. PMID- 38817 TI - [Blood level courses after i.v., i.m. and p.o. administration of theophylline ethylendiamine and pH-neutral solution of theophylline (author's transl)]. AB - Serum theophylline concentration was measured in nine patients with chronic obstructive lung disease following oral, i.m. and i.v. application. Two different preparations were tested: A pH-neutral solution of theophylline (Solosin) and theophylline-ethylenediamine. 208 mg of the pH-neutral solution of theophylline showed very similar serum concentrations as did 240 mg i.v. or p.o., but definitely higher than in the case of 360 mg i.m. theophylline ethylenediamine. After 10 min following the oral or the intramuscular application, serum concentrations were high enough for strong bronchodilating action. The oral dosages only reached the lower limit of optimal concentration for the best bronchodilation. There is a decrease of the blood concentrations by 50% after about 5 h. The bronchodilating effect subsided 2-4 h after i.v. injection. PMID- 38818 TI - [Problems in determination of glutathione in rat liver supernatant]. PMID- 38819 TI - [Effects of bunitrolol on myocardial metabolism of free fatty acids (FFA) in angina patients]. PMID- 38820 TI - [Comparative analysis of the metabolic parameters of myocardial ischemia in humans]. PMID- 38821 TI - Diazepam and 3-hydroxydiazepam (temazepam) and sleep of middle age. PMID- 38822 TI - The effect of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs on cerebral blood flow. AB - 1 Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured by the 133xenon inhalation method in 33 newly-diagnosed hypertensive patients prior to commencing therapy. 2 Blood pressure was treated by using a varying sequence of four different drugs, namely labetalol, metoprolol, oxprenolol and sotalol, each of which is a beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agent, but with differing additional properties. 3 CBF measurements were repeated when blood pressure was controlled. No significant change in CBF was found with any of the four drugs, in contrast to the fall which has been reported when drugs of this type are administered acutely. PMID- 38823 TI - The gastrointestinal absorption of PRD-92 Ea, a new anti-allergy drug. AB - 1 The absorption of PRD-92 Ea, a new anti-allergy drug, was studied in volunteer subjects. 2 The 14C-labelled drug was administered orally and the radioactivity measured in plasma, urine and faeces. 3 Mean peak plasma concentration was 3.3 micrograms/ml, with a concentration of over 1 micrograms/ml maintained 4 h after administration. 4 The mean plasma half-life (T 1/2) was 114 min. 5 The mean percentage recovery in the urine was 9.5%. 6 Oral administration leads to significant and sustained plasma concentrations, and the oral route should be suitable for drug evaluation in clinical practice. PMID- 38824 TI - Proceedings of the British Association for Cancer Research. University of Glasgow 28--30 March 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 38826 TI - British Association of Dermatologists Investigative Group--Winter Meeting, London, 19-20 January 1979. Summaries of papers. PMID- 38825 TI - Hydrocortisone increases the responsiveness of mast cells to beta-adrenergic agonists by an action distal to the beta-adrenoreceptors. AB - Hydrocortisone in pharmacologically attainable concentrations potentiates beta adrenergic-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in rat peritoneal mast cells. Direct binding studies using 3H-dihydroalprenolol indicated no significant changes in the number of beta-adrenoreceptors or in the kinetics of the interaction of the radio-ligand with receptors after treatment of mast cells with the corticosteroid. Competition binding studies with epinephrine revealed no hydrocortisone-induced change in Kd values for this agonist. It is concluded that hydrocortisone-induced stimulation of cyclic AMP synthesis results from an effect that occurs beyond the interaction of the beta-adrenergic agonist with its receptor. PMID- 38827 TI - Elevation of pyrimidine enzyme activities in the RBC of patients with congenital hypoplastic anaemia and their parents. AB - The activities of orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) and orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase (ODC) were significantly elevated (P less than 0.001) in erythrocytes (RBC) from five patients with prednisone-responsive congenital hypoplastic anaemia (CHA). (OPRT: patients - 10.1--64.2 nmol/h/10(9) RBC; controls - 2.8 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SEM, n = 37); ODC: patients = 30--124 nmol/h/10(9) RBC; controls = 10.2 +/- 0.7 (mean SEM, n = 37).) Two patients had a less pronounced, but significant, increase of aspartate transcarbamylase activity and three patients had marginal increases of dihydroorotase activity. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity was not detected in any CHA patient or control. In one patient prior to prednisone therapy, the OPRT and ODT activities were elevated 10-fold and remained elevated 3-fold after 16 months of therapy. An elevated enzyme pattern similar to that of RBC from CHA patients was observed in three parents of three CHA patients, but not in three parents of two other CHA patients. The activities of all five pyrimidine enzymes were normal for one patient with transient erythroblastopenia of childhood. In contrast, the activities of all the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes were elevated in blood from patients with a young RBC population: sickle cell anaemia, sickle-beta thalassaemia, hereditary spherocytosis, and DiGuglielmo syndrome and from the newborn. It is postulated that factors which affect the activities of pyrimidine enzymes in CHA may also result in diminished erythropoiesis. PMID- 38828 TI - The low ionic strength reaction of human blood: relationship between the binding of serum immunoglobulin and complement of red blood cells and surface charge of the cells. AB - Using the sucrose haemolysis reaction of Hartmann & Jenkins (1966) as a basic model, the low ionic strength reaction (LISR) of human blood was studied to determine: (1) serum Ig uptake by RBC with saline elution and 125I-IgG uptake, and (2) complement fixation (CF) to RBC with lysis of PNH cells and C3H/C4 antiglobulin haemagglutination (AH) of normal cells. The saline eluates were found to contain IgG and IgM with traces of IgA; their pH optima for the uptake by RBC were 6.0 +/- 0.5, 5.5 +/- 0.5 and c 5.0 respectively. The ratio of bound IgG to IgM was linearly related to the uptake pH. Both C4 AH and lysis were found to be optimum at pH 6.0--7.5, whereas the maximum C3 AH was at pH 6.0 +/- 0.5. The LISR performed at a constant pH (6.1 +/- 0.1) showed that an increasing concentration of neuraminidase (VCN) used in pretreatment of RBC was associated with a decrease in both IgG uptake and CF activity. A maximum VCN effect reduced the Ig uptake to c 20% of normal and abolished almost all the CF activity. An impaired LISR to various degrees was also observed with RBC pretreated with ficin, papain, bromelin, trypsin or protamine, and RBC from two individuals of En(a-) type. Preincubation of serum at LIS with and without RBC resulted in respectively a 'complete' and partial consumption of C in the fluid phase. The latter was not enhanced or inhibited by the addition of VCN-treated RBC for preincubation. A hypothesis is proposed suggesting that in the LSR the Ig uptake by RBC is an electrostatic interaction of the oppositely charged RBC and Ig and the CF to RBC results from C activation by the cell-bound IgG and IgM. In addition, a pH-dependent inactivation of the cell-bound C3 in the LISR is demonstrated. PMID- 38829 TI - Regulation of the interaction of pancreatic phospholipase A2 with lipid-water interfaces by Ca2+ ions: a monolayer study. PMID- 38830 TI - Neoprontosil binding to carbonic anhydrase. Reasonance Raman and other studies on the ionization behavior of the sulfonamide. AB - Alkalimetric, spectrophotometric, NMR, and resonance Raman titrations are reported for the sulfonamide Neoprontosil in aqueous solution. An assignment of the magnetic resonance peaks for each of the Neoprontosil protons has been made. Neoprontosil is shown to have two "coupled" iity of the microscopic pKs for these two groups precludes spectroscopic characterization of the separate -SO2NH2, -O- or -SO2NH-, -OH species. For this reason, no conclusion can be drawn on the ionization state of the drug when bound to carbonic anhydrase. The resonance Raman spectrum of Neoprontosil bound to human carbonic anhydrase B at pH 9.5 shows a shift in the intense -N=N- stretching mode from 1414 (free) to 1407 cm- (bound), suggesting that a slight conformational change about the -N=N- single bond linkages occurs upon binding. PMID- 38831 TI - trans-alpha, beta-Diformamido-beta-(5'-phosphoribosylamino)acrylamide: a possible new intermediate in de novo purine biosynthesis. AB - The nucleotide trans-alpha, beta-diformamido-beta-(5' phosphoribosylamino)acrylamide (DAR) has been chemically synthesized and is converted to inosine 5'-phosphate (IMP) by enzyme activities found in chicken, rat, and human liver. The increase in optical density at 250 nm when DAR is converted to IMP is used as the basis of the assay. The Km values for DAR at pH 7.4 were 2.8 and 4.2 microM with the chicken and rat liver enzymes, respectively. The integrated Michaelis--Menten equation was used to determine the kinetic parameters of the chicken liver enzyme from pH 5.6 to 10.1. The pH--activity profiles show ionizations with pKa values of 6.1, 7.1, and 8.8. The possibilities that DAR is a substrate analogue or a new intermediate in the pathway of purine biosynthesis de novo are discussed. PMID- 38832 TI - Inhibition of lactate transport and glycolysis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells by bioflavonoids. AB - Bioflavonoids are potent inhibitors of lactate transport in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The most effective bioflavonoids have four to five hydroxyl groups. Sugar substitution at carbon three, or reduction of the double bond between carbons two and three, decreases their inhibitory activity. Quercetin, the most extensively studied of these compounds, inhibits lactate efflux by 50% at 0.1 micrograms/mg of protein. On addition of quercetin to glycolyzing Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, lactate accumulates inside the cell and the intracellular pH drops. Total lactate production is also inhibited. Nigericin prevents the internal acidification that occurs in the presence of quercetin and also reduces the inhibition of glycolysis. Thus, it appears that inhibition of lactate efflux can affect glycolysis through a lowering of the intracellular pH. The inhibitory effect of quercetin on glycolysis can be explained by its effect on lactate efflux and its previously reported effect on the Na+--K+ ATPase [Suolinna, E.--M., et al. (1974) J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 53, 1515]. PMID- 38833 TI - Investigation of the interactions of oxytocin with neurophysins at low pH using carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and carbon-13-labeled hormones. AB - The specifically 13C-labeled (90% 13C-enriched) peptide hormone derivatives [1 hem[2-13C]cystine]oxytocin, [1-hemi[1-13C]cystine]oxytocin, and [2-[-2 13C]tyrosine[-oxytocin and the analogue [3-[2-13C]leucine]oxytocin were prepared by total synthesis and used to study the interactions of the neurohypophyseal hormones with the bovine neurophysins as a function of pH and temperature. Under all conditions, whether high or low pH, the chemical shifts of the labeled carbon atoms of the bound hormones are the same, but they are shifted significantly from their positions in the free hormone. These results indicate that interactions of the side chain and disulfide moieties of the hormone with the neurophysins do not change as a function of pH. At neutral pH and 20--35 degrees C, the labeled atoms of the hormone are in slow exchange (1--5 s-1) with the neurophysins for the above hormone derivatives, but at low pH they are in intermediate or fast exchange depending upon the pH and temperature. At low pH, the dissociation rate constant (koff) is about 100-fold greater than the value at neutral pH, and this increase appears to be due exclusively to the breaking of the salt bridge involving the N-terminal amino group of oxytocin and a side-chain carboxyl group of neurophysin. Since the dissociation constant (Kd) also increases by about 100 fold in going from neutral to low pH, the association rate constant is deduced to be the same at neutral and low pH. In contrast to the low pH results, an increase in pH (from 6.6 to 10.5) leads to a continual decrease in the binding constant but to no apparent change in the dissociation rate constant. The bound hormone is always in slow exchange at high pH, even when the binding constant has been reduced by 2 or 3 orders of magnitude. At high pH, the decrease in binding affinity is due solely to the deprotonation of the alpha-amino group of the free hormone. Thus, at high pH the apparent association rate constant decreases, while the dissociation rate constant remains unchanged. PMID- 38834 TI - Comparative studies of tyrosine modification in pancreatic phospholipases. 2. Properties of the nitrotyrosyl, aminotyrosyl, and dansylaminotyrosyl derivatives of pig, horse, and ox phospholipases A2 and their zymogens. PMID- 38835 TI - Analysis of the molecular species of the chick oviduct progesterone receptor using isoelectric focusing. AB - Conditions are described for the preparative isoelectric focusing in flat beds of Sephadex of the progesterone receptor from the chick oviduct. The method allows the fractionation of the receptor into two molecular species, one focusing at pI 6 and the other at pI 7 with good purification and recovery. The pI 6 and pI 7 receptor species were purified 2- and 26-fold, respectively. The assaying of the focused fractions with the charcoal binding method provides an accurate identification and quantitation of the [3H]progesterone receptor. The method is reproducible in recovery, quantitation, and resolution of the two receptor species. The receptor with an apparent pI of 6 sediments at approximately 4 S on linear sucrose gradients, while the receptor with an apparent pI of 7 sediments at approximately 3.5 S. On the basis of the sedimentation values and elution patterns from diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) chromatography, the pI 6 component is equivalent to the "B" receptor species and the pI 7 component is equivalent to the "A" receptor species described previously [schrader, W, T., 7 O'Malley, B. W. )1972) J. Biol. Chem. 241, 51--59]. PMID- 38836 TI - Mechanism of lactose translocation in membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli. 1. Effect of pH on efflux, exchange, and counterflow. PMID- 38837 TI - Mechanism of lactose translocation in membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli. 2. Effect of imposed delata psi, delta pH, and Delta mu H+. PMID- 38838 TI - Comparison of the kinetic specificity of subtilisin and thiolsubtilisin toward n alkyl p-nitrophenyl esters. AB - The p-nitrophenyl esters of straight-chain fatty acids were used as substrates of the enzyme subtilisin Novo (EC 3.4.4.16) and its chemically produced artificial enzyme thiolsubtilisin. Subtilisin and thiolsubtilisin pH--activity profiles were determined, and kinetic effects of the active site O-S substitution were observed. Among the substrates tested, both enzymes show highest specificity with p-nitrophenyl butyrate. It was also found that subtilisin is more sensitive to changes in substrate chain length than is thiolsubtilisin. Second-order acylation rate constants (k2/Ks) are remarkably similar for both enzymes. However, thiolsubtilisin deacylation rate constants and Km values are lower than analogous subtilisin constants. While thiolsubtilisin deacylation rate constants give a pH profile identical with that of subtilisin, the pH profile of thiolsubtilisin acylation rate constants shows an active site pK value lowered from the subtilisin pK of 7.15 and exhibits an inflection point at pH 8.45, which is absent in subtilisin. PMID- 38839 TI - On the functional proton current pathway of electron transport phosphorylation. An electrodic view. PMID- 38840 TI - Proton-pumping cytochrome c oxidase. PMID- 38841 TI - Membrane damage by a toxin from the sea anemone Stoichactis helianthus. I. Formation of transmembrane channels in lipid bilayers. AB - The addition of nanomolar amounts of a toxin preparation derived from the sea anemone Stoichactis helianthus to black lipid membranes increases their electrical conductance by one million-fold. In addition, the membranes become permeable predominantly to monovalent cations. The elevated bilayer conductance is voltage-dependent, and the current-voltage curves of these bilayers display rectification as well as a region of negative resistance. The membrane activity of the toxin is proportional to the third power of its concentration, and at very low concentrations the membrane conductance increases in discrete uniform steps. These observations indicate that the mechanism of toxin action involves the formation of transmembrane channels constructed by the aggregation of protein molecules which are inserted in the bilayer. The voltage-dependent membrane conductance arises from two distinct channel characteristics: (1) the unit conductance of individual channels is dependent on the polarity of applied voltage; (2) the number of ion-conducting channels is influenced by the polarity as well as the magnitude of applied potential. It is believed that these effects are due to the influence of an electric field on the insertion of toxin molecules into the bilayer or on their subsequent association with each other to produce channels. Partial chemical characterization of the toxin material has shown that the membrane active factor is a basic protein with a molecular weight of 17,500. PMID- 38842 TI - Membrane damage by a toxin from the sea anemone Stoichactis helianthus. II. Effect of membrane lipid composition in a liposome system. AB - In the first paper of this series, it was shown that a toxin from the sea anemone Stoichactis helianthus increased the permeability of black lipid membranes due to transmembrane channel formation. In the present study, we have used liposomes to examine the reactivity of the toxin with different phospholipids. Membrane damage was assessed by measuring the release of 86Rb+ and 14C-labeled membrane lipid. For the different lipids, the rank order of marker release was: sphingomyelin greater than C18 : 2 phosphatidylcholine greater than C18 : 1 phosphatidylcholine greater than C18 : 0 phosphatidylcholine greater than C16 : 0 phosphatidylcholine = C14 : 0 phosphatidylcholine. In C14 : 0 and C16 : 0 phosphatidylcholine liposomes there was no 14C-labeled lipid release and only 13 to 16% 86 Rb+ release which corresponds to the 86Rb+ content in the outermost aqueous shell of multilamellar liposomes. This indicates that membrane damage was limited to the outermost bilayer. In liposomes prepared with the other lipids, the extent of release of both markers increased proportionately with the length and the degree of unsaturation of the lipids' acyl side chains. Spingomyelin liposomes were the most susceptible with 47% of the 14C-labeled lipid marker and 90% of the 86Rb+ marker being released. The large extent of 14C-labeled lipid release is attributed to a detergent-like activity of the toxin which presumably is due to the amphipathic nature of the protein. Thus, the toxin can inflict membranrtance of one mechanism or the other apparently varies depending on membrane structure and lipid composition. PMID- 38843 TI - Effect of membrane potential and internal pH on active sodium-potassium transport and on ATP content in high-potassium sheep erythrocytes. AB - Ouabain-sensitive Na+ and K+ fluxes and ATP content were determined in high potassium sheep erythrocytes at different values of membrane potential and internal pH. Membrane potential was adjusted by suspending erythrocytes in media containing different concentrations of MgCl2 and sucrose. Concomitantly either the external pH was changed sufficiently to maintain a constant internal pH or the external pH was kept constant with a resultant change of internal pH. The erythrocytes were preincubated before the flux experiment started in a medium which produced increased ATP content in order to avoid substrate limitation of the pump. It was found that an increased cellular pH reduced the rates of active transport of Na+ and K+ without significantly altering the ratio of pumped Na+/K+. This reduction was not due to limitation in the supply of ATP although ATP content decreased when internal pH increased. Changes of membrane potential in the range between -10 and +60 mV at constant internal pH did not affect the rates of active transport of Na+ or K+. PMID- 38844 TI - Titration of sodium channel sites for hydrogen ion block and sensitized photochemical modification of lobster axons. AB - The pH dependence for sensitized photochemical block of sodium channels in lobster giant axons was determined and compared with direct channel block by protons. Isolated axons were studied in a double sucrose gap voltage clamp arrangement and the pH of the external bath was varied over the range 4.1--11.0. Irreversible photochemical block was achieved by illumination with visible light in the presence of eosin Y or acriding orange. The rate constant for photochemical block of sodium channels was depressed at both high and low pH relative to that at neutral pH, revealing the existence of two receptors involved in the process with pK values of 4.8 and 10.4. A direct reversible channel blocking receptor titrates with a pK of 4.8, the same as one of the receptors involved in the photochemical block, and senses about 9% of the electric field as determined by a Woodhull analysis. Lowering the pH from 8.2 to 4.6 shifted the sodium conductance versus voltage relation in the depolarizing direction. It is proposed as a hypothesis that the low and high pK receptors are histidine imidazole and primary amino groups, photooxidation of which leads to channel block via cross-linking of channel proteins. PMID- 38845 TI - Transport of p-aminohippuric acid, uric acid and glucose in highly purified rabbit renal brush border membranes. AB - A procedure for preparing highly purified brush border membranes from rabbit kidney cortex using differential and density gradient centrifugation is described. Brush border membranes prepared by this procedure were substantially free of basal-lateral membranes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear material as evidenced by an enrichment factor of less than 0.3 for (Na+ + K+) ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and DNA. Alkaline phosphatase was enriched ten fold indicating that the membranes were enriched at least 30 fold with respect to other cellular organelles. The yield of brush border membranes was 20%. Transport of D-glucose by the membranes was identical to that previously reported except that the Arrhenius plot for temperature dependence of transport was curvilinear (EA = 11.3--37.6 kcal/mol) rather than biphasic. Transport of p-aminohippuric acid and uric acid were increased by the presence of NaCl, either gradient or preequilibrated. However, no overshoot was obtained in the presence of a NaCl gradient, and KCl and LiCl also produced equivalent stimulation of transport suggesting a nonspecific ionic strength effect. Uptakes of p-aminohippuric acid and uric acid were not saturable, and were increased markedly by reducing the pH from 7.5 to 5.6. Probenecid (1 mM) reduced p-aminohippuric acid and uric acid (50 muM) uptake by 49% and 21%, respectively. We conclude that the uptake of uric acid and p-aminohippuric acid by renal brush border membranes of the rabbit occurs primarily by a simple solubility-diffusion mechanism. PMID- 38846 TI - Formation of delta-aminolevulinic acid from glutamic acid by a partially purified enzymes system from wheat leaves. AB - A method for partial purification of an enzyme system from greening wheat leaves which converts 14C-labeled glutamate to delta-aminolevulinic acid is described. The purification entails the successive use of anion and cation exchange, followed by molecular sieving. The enzyme system is unstable in crude form, but the stability is markedly increased after column chromatography on CM-cellulose. The pH profile and the cofactor requirements suggest that at least two enzymes are involved. PMID- 38847 TI - Steady-state kinetics of plasmin- and trypsin-catalysed hydrolysis of a number of tripeptide-p-nitroanilides. AB - The steady-state kinetics of plasmin- (EC 3.4.21.7) and trypsin-catalysed (EC 3.4.21.4) hydrolysis of Bz-L-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA, Bz-D-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA, L-Phe-Val-Arg pNA, D-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA and D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA were investigated in the pH range 6 9. The pH dependences of the kinetic parameters correspond with the effects of catalytically essential ionizations in the enzymes, except for reactions with L- and D-Phe-Val-Arg-pNA, in which protonation of the NH2-terminal alpha-amino groups (pK = 7.0) shows some inhibitory effect. The reactions of plasmin and trypsin with p-nitroanilides show kc values similar to those normally found with specific ester substrates, indicating that the deacylation steps of the reactions are rate determining. PMID- 38848 TI - Physicochemical properties of non-activated and activated renin from human amniotic fluid. AB - The main physicochemical and enzymic properties of non-activated and activated human amniotic renin (EC 3.4.99.19) were studied in order to clarify the relationships between the two enzymes. Human amniotic renin was activated by dialysis against acidic buffer (pH 3.3), direct acidification or trypsin treatment. All procedures produced similar activation. The physicochemical characteristics of non-activated and activated renin were compared to those of human renal renin. Non-activated renin had a molecular weight of 45,500. A similar molecular weight was obtained by gel eluate activation and by acid treatment of renin prior to gel filtration. Similar isoelectric points were also found for non-activated and activated renin. One major renin peak focused at pH 6.6, whereas no similar renin peak was detected in extracts from normal human kidney. In addition, non-activated and activated renin forms were found to have the same optimal pH, the same Km and the same inhibiting pepstatin concentrations. PMID- 38849 TI - Affinity labeling of histidine and lysine residue in the adenosine deaminase substrate binding site. AB - 1. Adenosine deaminase was inactivated by 9-(4-bromoacetamidobenzyl)-adenine (I) and 9-(2-bromoacetamidobenzyl)adenine (II), two affinity labels. 2. The stoichiometry of the reaction with reagent II is reported: 1 mol reagent is bound per mol inactive enzyme. Amino acid analysis of the 6 N HCl hydrolyzate of the inactive enzyme identified CM-histidine as the main alkylation product. This is the first evidence of the presence of a histidine in the active site region. 3. The alkylation rate and involved amino acid residues were studied for both reagents I and II, at pH 8 and 5.5. The particular reactivity of a lysine near or in the active site is discussed. PMID- 38850 TI - Characterization of a C21 neutral steroid hormone transforming enzyme, 21 dehydroxylase, in crude cell extracts of Eubacterium lentum. AB - A strain of the obligate anaerobe, Eubacterium lentum, isolated from human feces, catalyzes the 21-dehydroxylation of 11-deoxycorticosterone to progesterone. A quantitative radiochromatographic assay was developed to measure 21-dehydroxylase activity in cell extracts. Maximum enzyme activity in cell extracts required both a reduced pyridine nucleotide and an oxidized flavin coenzyme. However, photochemically reduced flavin (FMNH2) could replace the requirement for NAD(P)H plus oxidized flavin. NAD(P)H : flavin (either FMN or FAD) oxidoreductase activity was detected spectrophotometrically in cell extracts assayed under anaerobic conditions. 21-Dehydroxylase was active from pH 5.4 to 8.5 with an apparent optimum between 6.4 and 6.8 using mixtures of NADH plus FMN as coenzymes. The substrate concentration at half-maximal reaction velocity was 8.0 microM and a specific acitivity of 5.8 nmol [3H]progesterone formed . h-1 . mg-1 protein was determined using [3th]deoxycorticosterone as substrate. Atabrine, rotenone, acriflavin, and 2,4-dinitrophenol (all at 1 mM) inhibited 21 dehydroxylase activity in cell extracts by 25, 24, 35 and 84%, respectively. These results suggest that 21-dehydrogenase may be coupled to a NAD(P)H : flavin oxidoreductase system in E. lentum. PMID- 38851 TI - Choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipid synthesis in isolated synaptosomes of rat brain. AB - Substantial activities of cholinephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.2) and ethanolaminephosphotransferase (EC 2.7.8.1) were found with lysed synaptosomes but not with intact synaptosomes isolated from adult rat brains. Synaptosomal and non-synaptosomal microsomal transferases were similar in kinetic properties. Substantial activities of synaptosomal transferases have not been described previously. Part of the glycerophospholipids in synaptosomal membranes may be synthesized in the nerve ending in addition to the glycerophospholipids supplied by axonal transport. The synthesis of the alkylacyl type of choline and ethanolamine glycerophospholipids was moderately inhibited by 1 mM ATP and 1 microM cyclic AMP. This synthesis was also inhibited by more than 50% by 1 mM norepinephrine and to a lesser extent by 5 mM hydroxytryptamine and 1 mM acetylcholine. Cyclic AMP may mediate the effects of biogenic amines. The relative synthesis of different glycerophospholipid classes and the relative proportion of alkylacyl type (plasmalogen precursors) and diacyl type of glycerophospholipids may be influenced by the levels of adenine nucleotides and/or biogenic amines. Elevated cyclic AMP levels will decrease the synthesis of plasmalogen precursors. PMID- 38852 TI - Characterization of cerebroside (monoglycosylceramide) from the sea anemone, Metridium senile. Identification of the major long-chain base as an unusual dienic base with a methyl branch at a double bond. AB - 1. Cerebroside of the sea anemone, Metridium senile, has been isolated (0.6 mg/g dry tissue weight) and structurally characterized. 2. The structure was shown by mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and degradative studies as beta glucopyranosylceramide. The major fatty acids were 16 : 0 and 20 : 0 D-2-hydroxy fatty acids. The major base was a novel base, D-erythro-1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-9 methyl-trans-4, trans-8-octadecadiene. 3. Some unusual fatty acids of marine origin are suggested to originate in this long-chain base by metabolic conversion. 4. The implication of the methyl branch position of the base on our current view of sphingolipid function in the plasma membrane is discussed. PMID- 38853 TI - A method of estimating the amount of calcium bound to the metallochromic indicator arsenazo III. AB - As a metallochromic indicator for ionized calcium, arsenazo III is approximately 50 times more sensitive than murexide. However, because of the high binding constant for calcium, the following problems may occur: (a) a considerable amount of calcium is bound to arsenazo III, thereby causing an error in estimating the concentration of ionized calcium; (b) the amount of bound calcium varies with the concentrations of calcium;, arsenazo III, magnesium ion and monovalent cations; (c) the amount also varies with pH, (d) the relationship between the absorbance change and the concentration of ionized calcium is nonlinear; and (e) the binding constant of arsenazo III for calcium cannot be determined by the conventional double reciprocal plot. A new experimental and theoretical method is presented which copes with these problems. PMID- 38854 TI - Angiotensin and bradykinin interactions with phospholipids. AB - Reversible interactions were demonstrated between some phospholipids and some polypeptides related to angiotensin and bradykinin. The extent of the interaction was dependent on the structures of the lipid and peptide. The naturally occurring compounds that interacted most avidly were cardiolipin and (des-Asp1) angiotensins. The apparent dissociation constant of this complex in chloroform was 10(-5) M. The complex contained more than one cardiolipin molecule/molecule of peptide. Kinins interacted most strongly with lecithin. The phospholipids altered the chromatographic behavior of radioiodinated derivatives of the polypeptides, and solubilized radioactive and unlabeled polypeptides in chloroform. In aqueous media, cardiolipin suspensions preferentially bound (des Asp1)-angiotensin II, and inhibited its binding by antibody. The interactions were sensitive to pH and cations in the aqueous phase, and were reversed by some reagents added to the organic phase. These interactions have direct implications for binding reactions of peptides in vitro, and may bear upon the actions of the hormones in vivo. PMID- 38855 TI - [Electron microscopic study of pectin solutions]. AB - Electron microscopic study was carried out of the structure of pectin 0.01% aqueous solutions according to esterification degree at different pH medium. Preparations were prepared by freezing-drying method of solution drop on the formvar film and by the negative contrasting method. Microfibrils of 60-180 A diameter were found. Their aggregation increased with a decrease of the charge of pectin macromolecule (increase of esterification, decrease of pH). PMID- 38856 TI - [Photo-induced H+ transport in Nitellopsis obtusa cells]. AB - Light-induced changes of pH in the vacuole as well as changes of the electric potential difference across the plasmalemma and the tonoplast of Nitellopsis obtusa were measured simultaneously by means of conventional and H+-specific glass or antimony microelectrodes. Illumination is found to produce a decrease in pH of the vacuolar sap by 0.1-0.5 units concomitant with cell depolarization. Cells suspended in a medium with pH 9.0 exhibit great (up to 100 mV) light induced potential changes but only small pH changes of the vacuolar sap. When pH of the external medium (pH0 in shifted from 9.0 to more acid values the amplitude of photoinduced changes of pH in the vacuole rises up to 0,3-0.5 pH units and the amplitude of the potential changes at the plasmalemma gets smaller. At pH0 = 9.0 a transient acidification of the medium is observed upon illumination whereas at lower pH light-induced alkalinization was only seen. Transition of the cells from pH0 9.0 to pH0 7,5 results in cell hyperpolarization by 60-80 mv and a decrease of vacuolar pH by 0.4-0.5 units under light conditions but has no significant effect on the potential and the vacuolar pH in the darkness. It is proposed that mechanisms of active H+ extrusion from the cytoplasm are located both at the plasmalemma and tonoplast. Light-induced depolarization seems to be determined by the increase of H+-conductance of the plasmalemma and by a correspondent decrease in the electrogenic components of the membrane potential. The ratio of light induced H+-fluxes across the tonoplast and the plasmalemma depends crucially on the level of H+-conductance of the plasmalemma. PMID- 38857 TI - [Effect of temperature on the photo-induced pH gradient in isolated chloroplasts]. AB - Experimental data are presented on the change of photoinduced proton transport and velocity of electron transport (according to photoreduction of K3Fe(CN)6) in chloroplasts during heating within the temperature range 25-50 degrees C for 3 and 5 min. Preliminary heating of chloroplasts irreverssibly supresses the ability of chloroplasts membrane to bind the protons. The velocity of electron transport decreases with the increase of heating temperature, the value of photoinduced change of pH also decreases. Heating is suggested to affect the electron transport chain. The velocity of electron transport decreases and induces the inhibition of proton transport. Presence of detergents, such as digitonin and triton X-100 in chloroplast suspension in concentrations not higher then 0.02% supresses the process of photoinduced change of pH. PMID- 38858 TI - Effect of some ecological factors of degradation of propanil, linuron, and their transformation product 3,4-dichloroaniline in soil. AB - The degradation of xenobiotics was investigated in model experiments in soddy podzolic soil as a function of their concentration, pH moisture content, temperature, and aeration of the soil, and presence of organic and mineral compounds. The main and secondary factors determining the persistence of xenobiotics in soil were established and approximation formulas for calculating their persistance criteria (ty) were proposed. PMID- 38859 TI - Investigation of complex formation of fibrinogen and heparin in the normal and pathological states. PMID- 38860 TI - DNA polymerase activity of lymphocyte nuclei of cattle lymph in the normal state and in lympholeukemia. AB - A comparative study wad made of the DNA polymerase activity of lymphocyte nuclei of cattle lymph in the normal state and in lympholeukemia. No significant differences were found in the specific DNA polymerase activity of the nuclei of normal and leukemic lymphocytes, both in the absence and in the presence of exogenous "activated" DNAs. The DNA polymerase activity of both types of nuclei was a maximum at pH 7.8 and a Mg2+ concentration of 4--6 mM. The DNA polymerase activities of lymphocyte nuclei of the lymph of healthy and leukemic animals did not differ in sensitivity to the inhibiting action of actinomycin D and in thermal stability. It was concluded that in cattle lympholeukemia, there are no significant changes in the DNA polymerase system of lymph lymphocyte nuclei. PMID- 38861 TI - Arginine vasopressin during gestation and parturition in sheep fetus. AB - The possible correlation between plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) concentration and the processes leading to parturition was assessed in 11 chronically catheterized pregnant ewes. Samples of blood withdrawn intermittently during a 20 day period preceding labor and during parturition were analyzed for AVP by a specific radioimmunoassay, as well as for pH, PaCO2 and PaO2. Fetal AVP was 1.74 +/- 1.55 pg/ml and maternal AVP 1.47 +/- 0.74 pg/ml (mean +/- SD). No preparturient rise in fetal vasopressin was noted, but levels increased progressively during labor to reach peak levels in cord blood (range 7.5--8,000 pg/ml). There was no consistent rise in maternal vasopressin during the same interval. A relationship between prolonged antepartum intrauterine asphyxia and increases in fetal vasopressin was noted. It is concluded that the markedly elevated levels of vasopressin observed in cord blood are the result of intrapartum 'stress', but are not related to the initiation of parturition. PMID- 38862 TI - Alterations in creatinine clearance during respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Some renal parameters have been studied in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). During the first 24 h, the serum creatinine level of the severe cases of RDS are significantly increased, decreasing gradually with improvement of the RDS and reaching normal values within 10 days. Blood urea nitrogen remained unchanged. In the milder cases of RDS, the serum creatinine also showed a slighter increase, which became normal within 4 days after birth. During the acute phase of RDS, there is a reversible impairment in the renal function, which correlates with the degree of hypoxia, hypercapnia and acidosis determined by the primary disease. PMID- 38863 TI - Studies on the effect of acute asphyxia on the fetal pig in utero. AB - 8 term fetal pigs (110-112 days gestation) and one 97-day fetus were asphyxiated in utero by occlusion of the umbilical cord. Mean times to last gasp and last heart beat were 5.1 and 22.4 for term and 5.4 and 30.4 min for the 97-day fetus. Cord occlusion was followed by profound bradycardia and an increase in blood pressure which was maintained until gasping ceased. Profound acidemia, hypercapnia and hyperlactacidemia developed in all animals and values following asphyxiation were comparable with those seen in stillborn piglets. Liver and cardiac glycogen levels were lower in asphyxiated fetuses than in littermates but muscle glycogen levels were similar in both groups. PMID- 38864 TI - An animal model for Huntington's disease. AB - In review is concerned with research done on an animal model for the hereditary neuropsychiatric disorder, Huntington's disease (HD). The neuropathology of HD involves primarily a selective degeneration of neurons with cell bodies in the striatum. Injection of kainic acid, a potent neuroexcitant structurally related to glutamic acid, into the rat striatum causes a selective neuronal degeneration resembling that of HD. Striatal cholinergic and GABAergic neurons, including their terminal projections in the substantia nigra, are affected by kainate; dopaminergic axons innervating the striatum as well as corticofugal fibers passing through the region are spared. The striatal kainate lesion has aided in the characterization of the neuronal circuitry in the nigrostriatal axis including the neuronal localization of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase, neuroleptic binding sites, and GABA receptors. Studies in vivo and in vitro with kainate and its analogues suggest that the potent neurotoxicity of kainate involves a cooperative interaction between synaptically released glutamate and injected kainate on vulnerable neurons; prior destruction of cortico-striatal glutamatergic afferents attenuates kainate's neurotoxicity. The kainate model has been used to test drugs that may be of therapeutic benefit for HD. A better understanding of the mechanism of neurotoxicity of kainate may shed light on the cause of neuronal degeneration in HD. PMID- 38865 TI - Dysphoric response to neuroleptic treatment in schizophrenia: its relationship to autonomic arousal and prognosis. AB - Longitudinal pharmacotherapeutic data from 58 schizophrenic patients suggest that the emergence of a dysphoric state, characterized by a combination of anxiety, depression, and accusatoriness, early in the course of neuroleptic treatment augurs poor therapeutic outcome and is associated with an unfavorable prognostic classification and a tendency for autonomic arousal to increase with treatment from a drug-free base line somewhat higher than normal. These associations particularly characterized the nonparanoid schizophrenics with nuclear prognostic classification and poor short-term as well as long-term therapeutic outcome; they did not apply to the paranoids. The dysphoric response was unrelated to base-line dysphoria or to the extrapyramidal reactions to neuroleptic medication, and seemed to reflect some basic biological differences between the poor prognosis nonparanoid, the good prognosis nonparanoid, and the paranoid schizophrenics. PMID- 38866 TI - The tyramines: are they involved in the psychoses? AB - On the evidence that the administration of some antipsychotic drugs and d amphetamine, separately and in combination, induced changes in the concentration of striatal p- and m-tyramine, it is proposed that the tyramines may possess a role in neural function. This function could be as neurotransmitters in specific neuronal systems or as synaptic activators. PMID- 38867 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolites and cyclic nucleotides in chronic schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia or drug-induced tremor. AB - Lumbar CSF HVA, MHPG, 5HIAA, cAMP, and cGMP were measured in 12 chronic schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia before and 3 weeks after sodium valproate (VPA) or cyproheptadine treatment. HVA levels significantly decreased and cAMP and cGMP levels significantly increased during the administration of VPA or cyproheptadine. There were no significant correlations between the degree of improvement in tardive dyskinesia and the changes of amine metabolities or cyclic nucleotides. None of the pretreatment values for CSF amine metabolites or cyclic nucleotides were different from those of 15 chronic schizophrenics without tardive dyskinesia as controls. Decrease of HVA and increase of cGMP during the treatment might indicate the normalization of dopaminergic-cholinergic imbalance in the brain. Furthermore, significantly low levels of 5HIAA were observed in the patients with drug-induced tremor. It is suggested that neuroleptic-induced tremor may be attributed to serotonergic dysfunction in the brain. PMID- 38868 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the Annual Meeting of the German Society of Microcirculation (Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Mikrozirkulation). PMID- 38869 TI - A review of hematology studies associated with space flight. PMID- 38870 TI - Certain aspects of hemorheology in a near zero gravity environment. PMID- 38871 TI - Third International Congress of Biorheology. Papers. PMID- 38872 TI - [Effect of posture and airway closure on pulmonary gas exchange in obesity (author's transl)]. PMID- 38873 TI - The absence of lung damage in rats after chronic exposure to 2 ppm nitrogen dioxide. PMID- 38874 TI - Psychotropic drugs and sexual behaviour. PMID- 38875 TI - Polyarteritis nodosa and related disorders. PMID- 38876 TI - Finger tremor and extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptic drugs. AB - Finger tremor and extrapyramidal side-effects (EPSEs) were measured in seven patients before and during neuroleptic drug treatment to assess the relationship between the onset of EPSEs and changes in finger tremor spectra. Tremor and EPSEs were also measured in twelve patients stabilized on neuroleptic drugs to determine whether tremor could provide a reliable index of the presence and severity of extrapyramidal system disturbance. A downward shift in peak tremor frequently was noted within 48 hours of starting neuroleptic drug therapy, usually before the onset of EPSEs, and a significant negative relationship between the severity of EPSEs and tremor frequency (but not tremor amplitude). The peak frequency of finger tremor is thus a sensitive index of extrapyramidal disturbance and might be of value in predicting which patients taking neuroleptic drugs need anti-parkinsonian therapy. PMID- 38877 TI - Questionnaire on severe tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 38878 TI - A comparison of three behaviour therapies in the treatment of social phobia. AB - This study examined the effects of desensitization, flooding and social skills training on social fears. The patients were 30 social phobics. All three treatments were associated with useful therapeutic gains during the period of treatment that were maintained over a six-month follow-up period. No differences were found between treatments. PMID- 38879 TI - The management of indwelling catheters. AB - Eighteen geriatric patients with indwelling catheters were observed for a total of 393 weekly urine specimens. The effects of a 1 week course of antibiotics/chemotherapeutic agent followed by urinary antiseptics for 6 weeks, and also of regular bladder washouts, were noted. All urine specimens were infected except 24% during antibiotic treatment and 9% during antiseptics and 6% after washouts. Only washouts reduced the extent of catheter blockage. There was little difference in the time in situ between silastic and latex Foley catheters- only 31% of silastic remaining for longer than 4 weeks. Bard-Roberts catheters were the least satisfactory. Catheter leakage was not affected by urinary pH. Further development in long-term catheter management are needed. PMID- 38880 TI - Identification of MSH release-inhibiting elements in the neurointermediate lobe of the rat. AB - Neurointermediate lobes of rats comprise elements which, when excited in vitro, bring about an inhibition of the release of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH). Superfusion of neurointermediate lobes of intact donor rats with medium containing 45 mM K+ induced a stimulation of the release of oxytocin, arginine vasopressin and dopamine (DA) and inhibited the release of MSH. Fluorescence histochemical observations and the results of release studies indicate that electrothermic lesions in the mediobasal hypothalamus induced a more rapid degeneration of dopaminergic than of peptidergic terminals in the neurointermediate lobe. Dopaminergic nerve terminals and the stimulated release of DA had vanished completely on the second day after these lesions, which coincided with the disappearance of K+-induced inhibition of MSH release. Frontal hypothalamic deafferentations resulted in disappearance of peptidergic nerve terminals as evidenced by the development of diabetes insipidus and the strong decline of depolarization-induced release of oxytocin and vasopressin from neurointermediate lobes in vitro. In contrast, the dopaminergic plexus was left intact, as was the K+-induced stimulation of DA release and inhibition of MSH release. We conclude that the K+-induced inhibition of MSH release is mediated by DA rather than by neuropeptides from terminals in the neurointermediate lobe. The results are in agreement with the proposed MSH release-inhibiting role of the dopaminergic tuberoinfundibular neurones. PMID- 38881 TI - Translocation of cytosol protein kinase into nuclei and the induction of tyrosine hydroxylase in NBD-2 neuroblastoma cells. AB - Exposure of neuroblastoma cells (NBD-2) to 8-bromo-adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (0.2-1.0 mM) (8-Br-cAMP) for 15 min caused a long term increase in the Vmax of tyrosine-3-monooxygenase activity (TH) beginning about 1 day after 8 Br-cAMP application. Cyclic AMP-dependent histone kinase was maximally activated in about 30 min and stayed activated above pretreatment levels for one hour. In cells exposed to 8-Br-cAMP for 15 min, separation of soluble and particle bound histone kinase showed that the total histone kinase activity in the soluble fraction decreased by 40%. This decrease was accompanied by an increase in protein kinase activity in the particulate fraction, suggesting enzyme translocation. After translocation, the enzyme appears to acquire a different substrate affinity because it prefers as a PO43- acceptor, acidic protein rather than histone. In NBD-2 cells this kinase appears to precede, and may be related to, the delayed increase in TH Vmax. PMID- 38882 TI - Effect of chronic bulbectomy on the depth distribution of amino acid transmitter candidates in rat olfactory cortex. PMID- 38883 TI - Catecholamine synthesizing enzymes in various brain regions of the genetically obese Zucker rat. PMID- 38884 TI - Guanylate cyclase activity increases after kainic acid lesion of rat striatum. PMID- 38885 TI - Differential effects of morphine and opioid analgesics on A and C fibre-evoked activity in ascending axons of the rat spinal cord. PMID- 38886 TI - Reciprocal modulation of tyrosine hydroxylasea activity in rat carotid body. PMID- 38887 TI - Mechanisms of DNA uptake by cells. PMID- 38888 TI - Injuries to primary and permanent teeth treated in a private paedodontic practice. PMID- 38889 TI - Unusual chemical properties of the amino groups of insulin: implications for structure-function relationship. AB - The chemical properties of the three amino groups of insulin were obtained at 10 and 37 degrees C using the competitive labelling technique with acetic anhydride as the labelling reagent. At 10 degrees C, pK values of 7.9, 7.2, and 7.8 were found for the glycyl A1, phenylalanyl B1, and lysyl B29 amino groups. When compared with standard amino compounds by means of a Bronsted plot, the two amino termini were found to be 'super-reactive' and the lysyl epsilon-amino group buried. In the presence of carbon dioxide at physiological pH values, all three amino groups became much less reactive indicating that they had reacted to form carbamino derivatives. Above pH 8 the reactivities of the glycyl amino terminus and epsilon-amino group increase sharply indicating that insulin is undergoing a conformational change which is most likely a change in its association state. At 37 degrees C the amino groups do not titrate normally but exhibit sharp increases in reactivity over the physiological pH range with the midpoints in the pH reactivity profiles between pH values of 7.0 and 7.3. This behaviour is interpreted as a rapid disaggregation of insulin to form monomers as a result of the ionization of the amino groups. It is concluded that at physiological pH and temperature all three amino groups are deprotonated. PMID- 38890 TI - The effect of growth hormone on the metabolism of a tryptophan load in the liver and brain of hypophysectomized rats. AB - Growth hormone antagonizes the induction of tryptophan pyrrolase and tyrosine amino-transferase by cortisol. We have shown that contrary to previous reports, growth hormone is also capable of antagonizing the induction of these enzymes by tryptophan and alpha-methyl tryptophan. As alpha-methyl tryptophan is not metabolized appreciably in the rat, our data show that growth hormone does not act indirectly through changes in the liver tryptophan content as was suggested previously. Growth hormone decreases the rate of tryptophan catabolism in vivo after induction of tryptophan pyrrolase by tryptophan and alpha-methyl tryptophan. Because the rate of catabolism of a tryptophan is slower in animals treated with growth hormone, tissue tryptophan levels and the rate of synthesis of 5-hydroxyltryptamine in the brain are higher in these animals than in those receiving tryptophan alone. Thus, although tryptophan administration raises brain 5-hydroxytryptamine levels, induction of tryptophan pyrrolase in the liver, by the load, limits the extent and duration of the rise in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis. This has important implications for the clinical use of tryptophan in psychiatric disorders, where tryptophan is given to produce long-lasting elevations of brain 5-hydroxytryptamine. PMID- 38891 TI - The reactions of Escherichia coli citrate synthase with the sulfhydryl reagents 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and 4,4'-dithiodipyridine. AB - Citrate synthase of Escherichia coli reacts rapidly with 1 equivalent of Ellman's reagent, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), per subunit, losing completely its sensitivity to the allosteric inhibitor, NADH. When the enzyme is treated instead with 4,4'-dithiodipyridine (4,4'-PDS), all activity is lost. Certain evidence in this paper is consistent with the belief that the sulfhydryl group modified by DTNB, and that whose modification by 4,4'-PDS inactivates the enzyme, are the same. (i) Both reagents abolish NADH fluorescence enhancement by the enzyme. (ii) Saturating levels of NADH and some other adenylic acid derivatives inhibit the reactions with both reagents. (iii) When the enzyme is modified with one equivalent of DTNB or 4,4'-PDS, subsequent reactivity toward the other reagent is greatly decreased. (iv) Following modifications, the DTNB and 4,4'-PDS derivatives spontaneously lose thionitrobenzoate (TNB) or pyridine-4 thione (PT), respectively, in reactions which are thought to involve displacement of TNB or PT by a second enzyme sulfhydryl group, so that an enzyme disulfide is introduced. The introduction of the disulfide bond, if this is what occurs, does not lead to cross-linking of citrate synthase polypeptide chains, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions. Certain evidence has also been found, however, that the sites of modification by DTNB and 4,4'-PDS are not the same. (i) DTNB modification desensitizes to NADH but does not inactivate, while 4,4'-PDS inactivates at least 99.9%. (ii) The presumed disulfide from elimination of TNB is also active, while that from PT modification is no more active than the original 4,4'-PDS modified product. (iii) Prior modification of the enzyme with DTNB affords no protection against later inactivation by 4,4'-PDS. The studies therefore indicate a close relationship between the DTNB desensitization and 4,4'-PDS inactivation, but they are unable to identify it exactly. Other properties of the DTNB reaction are also described, and a hypothesis is offered to explain quantitatively the finding that desensitization lags behind modification during the modification of citrate synthase by DTNB. PMID- 38892 TI - Distinctive properties of glutamine synthetase from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans. AB - The intracellular levels of glutamine synthetase (GS) in Anacystis nidulans grown under different conditions were determined using a whole-cell assay. Nitrate grown cells have 64% more GS than cells grown in ammonium sulfate. Nitrogen starvation does not affect GS levels appreciably. Incubation of nitrate-grown cells with ammonium sulfate does not change the ratio of gamma-glutamyl transferase activities stimulated by Mg2+ and Mn2+ ions. An in vitro test of adenylylation indicates that algae do not have an endogenous adenylyl transferase (ATase) and that algal GS is not adenylylatable by the Klebsiella aerogenes ATase. Some characteristics of the GS-membrane complex were determined by centrifugation of the complex under varying conditions of pH and ionic strength. In this way, it was shown that acid pH (4.5) stabilizes the complex and high ionic strength tends to solubilize the enzyme. A simple partial purification of GS (89-fold) was developed based on the sedimentation properties of GS. PMID- 38893 TI - A genetic study of cryptorchidism and scrotal hernia in pigs. AB - The genetic parameters of cryptorchidism and scrotal hernia were estimated. The heritability of liability to cryptorchidism identified at birth was about 0.5 and that identified to be normal at birth, but recognized to be abnormal later was almost zero. The heritabilities of scrotal hernia estimated in two herds were 0.65 and 0.86. The genetic correlation between these two defects was 0.20. An equation for calculating selection differentials for family selection was derived and expected changes of incidence resulting from individual, full-sib and half sib family selection calculated. Practical culling plans were discussed from the aspect of selection response and possible culling rate. PMID- 38894 TI - Phosphate uptake in chemostat cultures of Escherichia coli K-12 subjected to periodic beta-glycerophosphate pulsing: a system for assaying alkaline phosphatase. AB - Limiting concentrations of beta-glycerophosphate were pulsed into chemostat cultures of Escherichia coli K-12 at intervals equal to the population doubling time. The resultant culture density fluctuations are interpreted in terms of inorganic phosphate uptake which, in this system, is a function of alkaline phosphatase activity. Information concerning in vivo alkaline phosphatase activity at suboptimal (acidic) pH with very low concentrations of substrate (beta-glycerophosphate) is obtained from kinetic analysis of uptake data. PMID- 38895 TI - Spheroplasts of Methanospirillum hungatii formed upon treatment with dithiothreitol. PMID- 38896 TI - Utilization of seawater-urea as a culture medium for Spirulina maxima. AB - The possibilities of utilization of seawater enriched with ureas as the culture medium for a blue-green alga, Spirulina maxima, were investigated. Pretreatment by precipitation with NaHCO3 and (or) Na2CO3 was found essential to remove the excess amounts of Ca2+ and Mg2+ present in seawater prior to cultivation. A culture medium as good as the synthetic medium reported in the literature for the growth of S. maxima was obtained after treating seawater with NaHCO3 (19.2 g/L) at pH 9.2 and 35 degrees C for 2 h, filtering to remove precipitates, and enriching with K2HPO4 (0.5 g/L), NaNO3 (3.0 g/L), and FeSO4 (0.01 g/L). The same results were obtained by substituting a small amount (0.2 g/L or less) of either crystalline or polymerized urea for the NaNO3 in the above medium. Growth of S. maxima was inhibited at higher concentration of urea in the culture medium. The inhibition effect was due to the partial decomposition of urea into ammonia in alkali medium. Tests conducted on the 130-L cultivation open pond also confirmed that the seawater-urea medium supports growth of S. maxima as well as the best known synthetic medium. PMID- 38897 TI - Cache Valley virus: isolations from mosquitoes in Saskatchewan, 1972-1974. AB - Eighteen isolations of Cache Valley virus (Bunyaviridae) were obtained from a total of 113,694 mosquitoes collected in Saskatchewan during the summers of 1972 to 1974. Most of the isolations were from mosquitoes collected during August. Culiseta inornata, the most abundant mosquito (38% of total collected), had the highest minimum vector-infection rate (0.83 isolations per 1000 mosquitoes). The virus was also isolated from Culex tarsalis and Aedes vexans. It is indicated in the isolations that the prairie grasslands of the province are enzootic for Cache Valley virus. PMID- 38898 TI - Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic materials by Sclerotium rolfsii culture filtrate for sugar production. AB - The hydrolysis of purified celluloses (cotton, Avicel, Cellulose-123, Solka Floc SW40) and cellulosic wastes (rice straw, sugarcane bagasse, wood powders, paper factory effluents) by Sclerotium rolfsii CPC 142 culture filtrate was studied. Factors which effect saccharification such as pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, produce inhibition, adsorption, and inactivation of enzyme and particle size were studied. Virtually no inhibition (less than 3%) of cellulose hydrolysis by the culture filtrate was observed by cellobiose and glucose up to 100 mg/mL. Filter paper degrading enzyme(s) (but neither carboxymethylcellulase nor beta-glucosidase) was adsorbed on cellulose. The n value in the S. rolfsii system was calculated to be 0.32 for Avicel P.H. 101 and 0.53 for alkali-treated (AT) rice straw indicating penetration of cellulase into AT rice straw. In batch experiments at 10% substrate level, solutions containing 6 to 7%, 3.8 to 4.7%, 4.0 to 5.1%, and 4.2 to 4.9% reducing sugars were produced in 24 to 48 from AT rice straw. AT bagasse, alkali - peracetic acid treated mesta wood and paper factory sedimented sludge effluent, respectively. The main constituent in the hydrolysate from cellulose was glucose with little or no cellobiose, probably due to the high cellobiase content in the culture filtrate. PMID- 38899 TI - Bioconversion of wheat straw and wheat straw components into single-cell protein. AB - Several fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, Cochliobolus specifer, Myrothecium verrucaria, Rhizoctonia solani, Spicaria fusispora, Penicillium sp., and Gliocladium sp.) were isolated from decomposing wheat straw and tested for their ability to utilize whole straw and its components, holocellulose (hemicellulose and cellulose) and cellulose, for the production of single-cell protein (SCP). It was found that C. specifer was the most efficient fungus for protein synthesis with the three substrates. Using potassium nitrate as N source in mixtures of 0.04 g N/g substrate (0.04% wt./vol.) at pH 4.5, it was found that incubation periods of 3, 4, and 5 days were optimal for protein production on cellulose and holocellulose fractions, and whole straw, respectively. Whole native straw was found to be the most recalcitrant to bioconversion into SCP; however, protein production was almost doubled when the lignin component was removed using a mixture of sodium chlorite and acetic acid. PMID- 38900 TI - A noninvasive technique for monitoring response to chemotherapy in human acute leukemia. AB - To see whether urine enzyme activities could be used as an index in evaluating the disease status of leukemia patients, we examined the activities of four enzymes: arylsulfatases A(AS-A) and B(AS-B), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). AP and LDH showed no consistent patterns. The activities of AS-A and AS-B correlated well with the patient's clinical status, increasing during progression of disease and decreasing toward normal activities during responses to therapy, as judged from bone marrow cellularity and differential. Among 23 untreated patients with a histologic diagnosis of acute leukemia we found increased activities of the urine enzymes in these proportions: AS-A in 23 patients (100%), AS-B in 22 (95.7%), AP in 7 (30.4%), and LDH in 10 (43.5%). Five patients in remission from acute leukemia had normal activities for all four enzymes. In one patient in remission for more than one year, a rise in urinary arylsulfatase activity preceded observable bone marrow relapse by 4 months. Unlike that of serum of urine lysozyme and serum copper, the determination of urine arylsulfatase activities appears to be a consistent, useful indicator of response to antileukemic therapy. In contrast to the determination of polyamines, the quantitation of arylsulfatase activity is achieved with greater ease and with instrumentation available in most clinical laboratories. PMID- 38901 TI - Effect of pH on the ratio of substitution products in DNA after reaction with the carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - The substitution reaction products of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) and the N-sulfate (potassium salt) of N-hydroxy-4-acetyl-aminobiphenyl (N-OSO3K AABP) with DNA from calf thymus were determined after reaction in buffered solutions of 0.10 M NaCl at pH values from 4--9. In the case of N-AcO-AAF, the ratio of N-(guanin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-(guanine-8-yl)-AAF) to 3 (guanin-N2-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene (3-(guanin-N2-yl)-AAF) increased 2.2 times over the entire pH range studied, starting at pH 9. With the N-OSO3K-AABP, the total substitution of guanine was much lower (22--34 times) as compared with N AcO-AAF, and the ratio of N-(guanin-8-yl)-4-acetylaminobiphenyl to 3-(guanin-N2 yl)-4-acetylaminobiphenyl was not affected by a change in pH of the reaction medium. As expected, heat-denatured DNA reacted more extensively with both esters, but an increase in substitution was much more pronounced for the biphenyl derivative (9 times) than for the fluorene compound (2.8 times). Degradation, denaturation or interstrand cross-linking of DNA were not observed under the reaction conditions employed. PMID- 38902 TI - Accelerating effect of ascorbic acid on N-nitrosamine formation and nitrosation by oxyhyponitrite. AB - The reaction of nitrite ion with ascorbic acid and its effect on the rate of nitrosation of secondary amines have been investigated by differential pulse polarography in aqueous acidic solution. Ascorbic acid shows nonuniform behavior: it accelerates the nitrosation of N-methylaniline between pH 1.00 and 1.95, allows the nitrosation of diphenylamine and iminodiacetonitrile, but inhibits the nitrosation of secondary amines, such as dimethylamine, diethylamine, proline, hydroxyproline, N-methylaminoacetonitrile, N-methylaminopropionitrile, and sarcosine. The nitrosating agent generated by the reaction between ascorbic acid and nitrite ion appears to be oxyhyponitrite ion (N2O3-2). PMID- 38903 TI - Purification of gamma-glutamyltransferases from rat hepatomas and hyperplastic hepatic nodules, and comparison with the enzyme from rat kidney. PMID- 38904 TI - Immunosuppressive effects of sulfato-trans-(-)-1,2 diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(II). AB - Sulfato-trans-(-)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane platinum(II) is a new antitumor agent. Its effect on immune responses was investigated. This agent inhibited lymphocyte transformation in response to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and concanavalin A. It inhibited antibody plaque-forming spleen cells in AKR/J mice at doses ranging from 2.5 to 7.5 mg/kg i.p. It also prolonged the survival of skin grafts against major histocompatibility barriers in C57BL/6J mice transplanted with tail skin from CBA/J mice. The effective dose ranged from 2.5 to 5 mg/kg. This compound inhibited graft-versus-host reaction in three-week-old AKR/J X DBA/2JF1 mice receiving spleen cells from AKR/J mice i.p. Significant inhibition of graft-versus-host reaction was seen with doses ranging from 1 to 7.5 mg/kg i.p. These results suggest that this drug is immunosuppressive. PMID- 38905 TI - Maintenance of adult rat hepatocytes on C3H/10T1/2 cells. AB - A procedure is described for maintaining primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes on a layer of irradiated C3H/10T1/2 cells. These hepatocytes were capable of metabolizing the liver carcinogen N-2-acetylaminofluorene to water soluble products and after 14 days in culture could still metabolize approximately 70% of the Day 1 level. Hepatocytes maintained on the C3H/10T1/2 cells were inducible for the liver-specific enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase, and exhibited approximately a 4-fold induction by hydrocortisone during a 10-day culture period. Morphologically, these hepatocytes retained many characteristics of hepatocytes in vivo. By contrast, hepatocytes maintained on plastic lost both N-2-acetylaminofluorene-metabolizing ability and tyrosine aminotransferase activity by Day 5. This was presumably due to degeneration of the hepatocytes and an overgrowth by fibroblasts. The maintenance of morphologically and biochemically functional hepatocytes in culture on feeder cells may provide a valuable approach for studying drug metabolism and liver cell transformation in vitro. PMID- 38906 TI - Working conference on mesothelioma treatment trials. PMID- 38907 TI - Stability and preliminary pharmacokinetic studies of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-[1-(5' paranitrobenzoyl-2',3'-isopropylidene)-alpha, beta-D-ribofuranosyl]-1-nitrosourea (RFCNU), a nonimmunosuppressive nitrosourea. AB - Using high-performance liquid chromatography, the stability of RFCNU was monitored as a function of pH in aqueous buffers at 37 degrees C and as a function of temperature in plasma. The kinetics of degradation of RFCNU are apparently first-order. The log kappa-pH profile demonstrated the hydroxyl ion catalyzed solvolysis and a maximum stability around pH 3.0. This analytic assay was reliable for quantitating intact RFCNU in biologic fluids. After administration of 400 mg of RFCNU orally to a female patient, no intact drug was excreted in the urine and plasma levels were very low. PMID- 38908 TI - Structural studies of the capsular antigen from Streptococcus pneumoniae type 26. AB - The structure of the capsular antigen from Pneumococcus type 26 has been determined by using methylation analysis, periodate-oxidation studies, and n.m.r. spectroscopy of the original and the dephosphorylated product. It is considered that the polysaccharide is composed of repeating-units having the following structure. (formula: see text): The only difference between this structure and that of the type-6 antigen is that the alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl residue is linked to O-4 of D-ribitol in the former, but to O-3 in the latter. PMID- 38909 TI - Enzyme histochemistry of the mesocoxal muscles of Periplaneta americana. AB - Histochemical techniques have been employed to characterize enzymatic activity in the mesocoxal muscles of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Through our studies of the enzymes myosin-ATPase, NADH reductase, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), we were able to classify fibers within these muscles according to criteria established for muscle fibers of vertebrates. Many of the mesocoxal muscles possess two different and distinct populations of fibers, whereas the remaining muscles are homogeneous with respect to their constituent fibers. The data presented here indicate biochemical heterogeneity for muscles of differing structural and functional features and possible neurotrophic influences upon oxidative enzymes and myosin-ATPase isozymes. PMID- 38910 TI - The pigmentary system of planaria. II. Physiology and functional morphology. AB - The pigmentary system of the planaria, Dugesia gonocephala s.l. (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida), consists of granules contained in chromatophore cells distributed in the parenchyma tissue. The administration of MSH release inhibiting Factor (M.I.F.) leads to an easily observable general decolouration of the animal due to the migration of the pigment granules towards the deeper-lying cell nucleus. In planarians bisected transversely through the pharyngeal region, the decolouration occurs only in the cephalic segment, and the caudal segment remains dark. When, however, the decapitated caudal segment regenerates a head region, a decolouration response occurs when exposed to M.I.F. The significance of these results is discussed, and an hypothesis on the hormonal regulation of the pigmentary system is proposed. PMID- 38911 TI - Studies on the structure-activity relationships of adrenergic beta-mimetic benzylamine derivatives. V. 9-Aryl-1H-2,3,7,8,9,10-hexahydrobenzo[d,e]quinolines. PMID- 38912 TI - Presence of negative inotropic agents in canine plasma during positive end expiratory pressure. AB - Application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) will reduce cardiac output (CO). Humoral mediation of this event by circulating negative inotropic agents was examined using a rat papillary muscle bioassay. Twenty-seven dogs were anesthetized with an iv pentobarbital infusion. Plasma was obtained before and after 30 minutes of PEEP. The plasma was oxygenated in a small (4.5-ml) papillary muscle chamber using a diffusion membrane. An average PO2 of 416 mm Hg was achieved. PEEP plasma reduced developed tension (Tpd) from 2.16 +/- 1.0 to 1.90 +/- 1.05 g (P less than 0.0001). A fall in Tpd was observed whether or not CO was maintained constant with fluid infusion. Resting tension was unchanged. The percent reduction in Tpd correlated with the fall in CO (r = 0.63, P less than 0.01) when fluid was not infused to maintain CO. Reapplication of control plasma restored Tpd. Barbiturate levels in anesthetized dogs rose from 17.3 to 19.4 microns/ml during PEEP (P less than 0.1). Addition of pentobarbital to normal plasma led to a slight decrease in Tpd only when the concentration exceeded 99 microns/ml. In three experiments on ex vivo perfused hearts, application of PEEP led to lowering of peak systolic pressure (PSP) within 5 minutes. Removal of PEEP restored PSP in a similar time. The results support the hypothesis that the decline in CO with PEEP is mediated in part by a circulating negative inotropic agent. PMID- 38913 TI - Participation of adrenergic and noradrenergic neurones in central connections of arterial baroreceptor reflexes in the rat. AB - We examined activities of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine-N methyl transferase (PNMT) and concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) in seven brain regions and the spinal cord of Wistar rats with elevated blood pressures 1 week and 4 weeks after denervation of carotid and aortic baroreceptors, and compared them to values in sham-operated control rats. TH activity was increased in the solitary tract nucleus (to 188% of control), parahypoglossal nucleus (to 254%), locus ceruleus (to 191%), and posterior hypothalamus (to 225%) at 1 week but not at 4 weeks after denervation. Similarly, NE concentrations were significantly altered in a number of brain regions at 1 week but not at 4 weeks after denervation. The only change in NE concentration at 4 weeks was in spinal cord where the level was reduced to 80% of control in the denervated rats. In contrast, the only change in PNMT activity 1 week after denervation was in posterior hypothalamus (to 59% of control), whereas at 4 weeks there was in increase in the spinal cord (to 159%) and a decrease in both the anterior and posterior hypothalamus (to 59% and 64% of control, respectively). The experiments suggest that increased activity of noradrenergic neurones in the brain may play a significant role in initiating the increase in pressure produced by baroreceptor denervation, whereas decreased activity of hypothalamic adrenergic neurones may be more important in maintaining the raised pressure. An increase in the activity of both adrenergic and noradrenergic nerves in the spinal cord, however, could contribute to maintaining the increase in blood pressure 4 weeks after denervation. PMID- 38914 TI - Cardiac atrial myosin adenosine triphosphatase of animals and humans: distinctive enzymatic properties compared with cardiac ventricular myosin. AB - Cardiac myosin obtained from atria had a higher Ca2+-activated ATPase activity than did cardiac myosin from ventricles in various species of animals and in humans. The increased specific activity of Ca2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of atrial myosin appeared to correlate with the level of the activity of ventricular myosin ATPase in the animal, since the same order in ATPase activity, as observed in ventricular myosins from various animals, was noted in atrial myosins. The enzymatic properties of atrial myosin also were characterized by no activation by N-ethylmaleimide, low activating energy, and a lower rate of inactivation at alkaline pH compared with the same properties of ventricular myosin. These findings suggest a difference in the myosin molecule at or near the active site, involving some sulfhydryl groups, between the two types of cardiac myosin. The Mg2+-activated ATPase activity, both in the presence and absence of actin (which is thought to be closely related to the basic contraction mechanism), also was enhanced in atrial myosin. Thus, the ATPase activities of atrial and ventricular myosins were different with special reference to the reaction pathway involving calcium and magnesium ions and appear to account for the difference in the velocity of contraction between the atria and the ventricles. PMID- 38915 TI - Transient responses of rabbit cerebral blood vessels to norepinephrine: correlation with intrinsic myogenic tone. AB - Transient contractile responses to norepinephrine (NE) of vascular segments from the rabbit vertebral, internal carotid, and basilar arteries rise to a peak within several seconds, and in the presence of the agonist, reverse rapidly, relaxing with a half-time of 15 +/- 3.2 seconds. In the basilar artery, peak contraction is approximately 25% of the maximum response mediated via the "alpha like" adrenoreceptors and is elicited by NE 10(-7) M. Steady state contractions are seen with higher concentrations. Transient contractile responses are absent in segments from the brachiocephalic and external carotid arteries, and their incidence increases the more rostral along the length of the vertebral and internal carotid artery the origin of the segment studied. They were seen in all preparations of the intracranial vertebral and basilar arteries. There is a good correlation between the occurrence in any particular vascular segment of the transient contractile response and intrinsic tone as assessed by relaxation to papaverine (10(-6) M). The response was blocked by alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking agents and was not elicited by d-NE nor tetrahydrazoline or oxymetazoline. This response may be analogous to the first phase of the biphasic contraction found in many other blood vessels. Since in cerebral vessels the agonist concentration to elicit the first phase is several orders of magnitude lower than the second, it can appear in the absence of the latter. PMID- 38916 TI - The effects of the beta-blocker atenolol and nitroglycerin on left ventricular function and geometry in man. PMID- 38917 TI - American Heart Association 52nd scientific sessions. Abstracts. PMID- 38918 TI - Preventive effect of ketotifen, a new antiallergic agent, on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. AB - The preventive effect of ketotifen, a new drug with anti-histaminic and antiallergic properties, on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction was studied by open assessment in twenty-four adult patients with extrinsic asthma. A single oral dose of 1 mg ketotifen reduced the post-histamine mean drop in peak expiratory flow from 33 to 16% of the basal values (P less than 0.001). After a 4 weeks' regimen of 1 mg ketotifen twice daily the post-drug histamine-induced fall in PEF was further significantly reduced (P less than 0.001). Tests performed after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment showed no additional decrease in bronchial reactivity to histamine. Tests performed 1 week after cessation of treatment showed return of bronchial reactivity to the pretreatment level. The results suggest that a single dose of ketotifen has a marked preventive effect on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction and that this effect is enhanced during continued treatment. PMID- 38919 TI - Influence of posture on free calcium and related variables. AB - We measured free calcium and related variables before and after the subject changed from the upright to the supine posture, doing 15 separate such experiments on 11 healthy men. After such a change, free calcium (1.7 +/- 0.4%), total calcium (4.6 +/- 0.7%), total protein (11.5 +/- 1.4%), albumin (12.2 +/- 2.0%), total magnesium (3.8 +/- 0.9%), and the activity of hydrogen ion (2.9 +/- 1.0%) decreased significantly (values are means +/- SEM), but promptly reverted when three subjects assumed the alternative posture. Changes in lactate values were not rapidly reversible; sodium and potassium showed no significant change. The mechanism of the changes in free calcium is unclear, but they correlated only with the changes in total calcium and were notably less than the changes in total calcium, indicating that posture will have less effect on the interpretation of free calcium values than on values for total calcium. PMID- 38920 TI - Comparison of three liquid-filled ampules for quality control of pH, pCO2, and pO2 measurement. PMID- 38921 TI - An analysis of electrophoretic and microcolumn methods for the separation of hemoglobins A and A2. AB - Parameters of three techniques for quantitating hemoglobin A2 were studied in order to identify problems affecting repeatability and then to compare intertechnique results under selected conditions. Satisfactory repeatability with cellulose acetate electrophoresis and scanning densitometry required an applicator that delivers a constant volume of sample. For cellulose acetate electrophoresis/elution and chromatographic assays a sophisticated absorption spectrophotometer and pH meter are necessary. Even with the most carefully chosen conditions significant intertechnique variation occurs. Although the colums are the most repeatable, trailing (a problem usually associated with hemoglobin electrophoresis) has also been demonstrated with column chromatography. Isoelectric focusing demonstrated the copresence of hemoglobin A and hemoglobin A2 in all trail fractions between the two major peaks and in some fractions of each peak. Standards of low protein concentration could be prepared from column fractions identified by isoelectric focusing as containing only hemoglobin A or hemoglobin A2. Such standards would be useful for assessing the accuracy of hemoglobin A2 quantitation. PMID- 38922 TI - Urinary excretion of arylsulfatases in malnourished/vitamin A deficient children. AB - Serum vitamin A (retinol) levels were generally low in all malnourished children (6-15 microgram/100 ml) compared with control children (50 microgram/100 ml). A significant increase in vitamin A after appropriate therapy was observed in all malnourished groups. Dietary supplements of proteins and calories even without extra vitamin A supplements increased serum vitamin A levels in cases of kwashiorkor indicating active mobilization of liver vitamin A. Total urinary arylsulfatase A activity excreted in 24-h or within 8-h in the morning (6 a.m. to 2 p.m.) was significantly reduced in cases of malnutrition with or without mild vitamin A deficiency symptoms. The excretion of arylsulfatase B was not altered. In cases of severe vitamin A deficiency coupled with malnutrition increased excretion of both arylsulfatases A and B was evident. These results on urinary arylsulfatases excretory pattern have been obtained either in samples collected for 24-h or specifically for 8-h (morning) and it is suggested that this test on urinary arylsulfatases may prove useful for detection of acute vitamin A deficiency with malnutrition in field studies. A ratio of arylsulfatases A/B of 2.0 or less seems to indicate mild malnutrition, the normal ratio being 3.4. Furthermore a low ratio coupled with increased excretion of both arylsulfatases A and B may be considered specific for acute vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 38923 TI - gamma-Glutamyltransferase in human and mouse breast tumours. AB - A series of experimental mouse tumours were assayed for their gamma glutamyltransferase activities. Significantly raised activities were found in a transplantable spontaneous mammary carcinoma compared to normal or lactating mouse breast. A study was therefore undertaken of human breast tumours. Carcinomas showed significantly elevated enzyme levels when compared with normal tissue or histologically uninvolved tissue from a breast containing a carcinoma. Fibroadenoma and chronic mastitis also showed significantly elevated levels when compared with normal tissue and did not differ significantly from carcinoma tissue. Benign breast cyst fluid showed very high levels of enzyme activity. Binding properties of the enzyme to Con A-Sepharose suggested that while normal tissue and fibroadenomas contained only asialated enzyme, carcinomas, chronic mastitis and cyst fluid contained a substantial proportion of sialated enzyme. PMID- 38924 TI - Relationship of mitten patterns to neuroleptic drug induced dyskinesias in psychiatric patients: early investigative findings. PMID- 38925 TI - Heterozygote advantage in cystic fibrosis: mosquito tests. AB - Tests to demonstrate a preference by mosquitoes for stinging controls as opposed to obligate heterozygotes for Cystic Fibrosis proved negative. If a heterozygote advantage caused a lower malarial incidence in carriers in South West Africa, it must have worked through the malarial parasite being adversely affected by a serum factor. This remains to be tested. PMID- 38926 TI - Acute interstitial nephritis in a patient with aspirin hypersensitivity. PMID- 38927 TI - Society proceedings. Scientific meeting of The Netherlands Society of Neurology held in Utrecht on June 3, 1978. PMID- 38928 TI - NIH Consensus Development Conferences: antenatal diagnosis - fetal distress. PMID- 38929 TI - Drugs for inhibition of premature labor. AB - Effective inhibition of premature labor depends on prompt initiation of treatment. The author discusses factors initiating parturition, and the benefits and risks for mother and child of administration of alcohol, beta adrenergic agents, magnesium sulfate, and other agents that may counteract them. PMID- 38930 TI - Inhibition of rat liver mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase by succinyl-CoA. AB - 1. Succinyl-CoA inhibits 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA lyase (EC 4.1.3.4) when added to purified preparations of the enzyme. 2. The apparent Ki value is 2.1 x 10(-4) mol/l and the inhibition has the features of a partially competitive inhibition. 3. The effect of succinyl-CoA both added and enzymically produced on the lyase activity of sonically disrupted rat liver mitochondria results in decreased acetoacetate formation. 4. This occurs with mitochondria obtained from normal, starved and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. PMID- 38931 TI - Ammoniagenesis by the isolated perfused rat kidney: the critical role of urinary acidification. AB - 1. The effect of metabolic acidosis simulated in vitro on ammoniagenesis was investigated by using the isolated kidney of the rat perfused with an albumin Krebs-Henseleit medium containing glutamine and glucose. 2. Addition of HCl to a perfusate of normal bicarbonate concentration resulted in a prompt increase in urine flow rate, decrease in fractional sodium reabsorption and decrease in urine pH. 3. A minimum urine pH as low as 5.15 was achieved, with an average value of 5.92, indicating that this preparation has the capacity to acidify normally. 4. In contrast with studies in vitro with other preparations, with the functional perfused kidney a diminution in perfusate bicarbonate concentration resulted in a prompt increase in ammonia production, which was strikingly correlated with the decrease in urine pH. 5. The increase in ammonia production was diminished in studies carried out with a non-urinating kidney, in comparison with those that exhibited significant urine acidification. 6. These data suggest that a decrease in urine pH with trapping of ammonia in the urine may be a critical stimulus for increased ammonia production in acute metabolic acidosis. PMID- 38932 TI - Effect of acid-base changes on the intracellular sodium, potassium and water content of human leucocytes in vitro. AB - 1. Leucocytes were isolated from blood of healthy volunteer subjects and incubated in media of which the bicarbonate, PCO2 and pH composition were varied. 2. The intracellular sodium, potassium and water content of leucocytes were virtually unaffected by the acid-base composition of the media used. PMID- 38933 TI - Influence of angiotensin II, ouabain and hydrostatic pressure on inulin and electrolyte concentration of fluid perfusing pig carotid arteries in vitro. PMID- 38934 TI - Catabolic effects of adrenaline and angiotensin II in the perfused liver of normal and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. AB - 1. Rapid effects of hormones on the metabolism of glycogen and fatty acids were studied in the perfused liver of normal and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. 2. In livers from normal and obese mice adrenaline and angiotensin II stimulated glycogenolysis. 3. These hormones inhibited the synthesis de novo of long-chain fatty acids in livers from normal mice, but not in livers from obese mice. 4. The proportion of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the active form was decreased by adrenaline but not by angiotensin II in livers from obese mice. 5. The potency of hormone effects on liver suggests that they could occur in the intact animal. 6. The results add to the evidence that hepatic fatty acid synthesis in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice is irreversibly resistant to inhibition by a range of hormones. Such resistance could be of primary significance in the pathogenesis of the obesity. PMID- 38935 TI - Effect of phenobarbitone on plasma apolipoprotein B and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in normal subjects. AB - 1. Further observations from an earlier study in which phenobarbitone in a dose of 180 mg daily was administered to ten normal men and women for 3 weeks are reported. There was a significant increase in plasma high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration and in the concentration of both total plasma and low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) apolipoprotein B. 2. There was no change in the ratios of the cholesterol:apolipoprotein B and triglyceride:apolipoprotein B in LDL. 3. There was no significant change in plasma very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein B concentration and the proportion of lipid and apolipoprotein B in VLDL remained unchanged. 4. There was no change in the ratio of HDL:LDL cholesterol concentrations. PMID- 38936 TI - L-asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase and L-asparagine synthetase activities of L asparaginase-sensitive and -resistant forms of the mouse Gardner lymphoma 6C3HED. AB - 1. The mouse Gardner lymphoma 6C3HED was grown in ascites fluid in a form sensitive to the action of L-asparaginase (line 1), in another form which was resistant to L-asparaginase (line 2) and in a third form with partial sensitivity to L-asparaginase (line 3). 2. The L-asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase activities of extracts of the tumour cells, cultured both in the mouse and in vitro, were determined. Two of the lines, 1 and 3, in early passage numbers, showed a derepression mechanism involving L-asparagine. Mutation occurred with these lines resulting in the L-asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase activity of all the tumour cell lines being the same. 3. Cells of line 1 had low L-asparagine synthetase activity, which was unchanged by altering the supply of L-asparagine in vitro. Cells of lines 2 and 3 exhibited L-asparagine synthetase activities, which changed with the supply of L-asparagine. 4. It is not certain that L-asparagine synthetase activity of L-asparaginase-sensitive cells is controlled by L asparaginyl-tRNA acting as a corepressor. PMID- 38937 TI - The mechanism of amphotericin-induced distal acidification defect in rats. PMID- 38938 TI - Effect of decrease in bicarbonate concentration on metabolism of the isolated perfused rat kidney. PMID- 38939 TI - Effect of intravenous sodium lactate on renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate in man. AB - 1. The effects of sodium DL-lactate and sodium chloride (2.5 mg/kg as 865 mmol/l solutions given by intravenous infusion over 20 min) on the renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate have been compared in five normal adults. 2. Sodium lactate produced a marked but transient increase in urinary phosphate excretion due to a reduction in net renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate; the mean value of the maximum rate of renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate/unit of glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR) decreased from 1.14 to 0.82 mmol/l. 3. This effect was not due simply to expansion of the volume of the extracellular fluid, since the reduction in TmP/GFR after sodium chloride infusion was less marked, nor did it seem to be due entirely to alkalinization of the urine since the maximum increase in urinary pH occurred 20--40 min after the maximum decrease in TmP/GFR. PMID- 38940 TI - Effects of diphosphonate and colchicine administration upon acid-base changes induced in rats by bilateral nephrectomy. AB - 1. The effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and colchicine on acid--base balance were examined in intact and nephrectomized rats. 2. Both drugs increased extracellular hydrogen ion concentrations and depressed extracellular bicarbonate concentrations in nephrectomized rats compared with controls but did not alter these parameters in intact animals. 3. Intracellular hydrogen ion concentrations in the skeletal muscle of nephrectomized rats given EHDP were higher than those of control animals. 4. It is postulated that colchicine and EHDP inhibit skeletal buffering of non-volatile acids produced endogenously in nephrectomized rats. PMID- 38941 TI - Absence of adrenergic mediation of agonist response to [Sar1,Ala8]angiotensin II in conscious normotensive and hypertensive dogs. AB - 1. In the conscious normotensive and two-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive dog a transient agonist response to the intravenous infusion of saralasin (1 microgram min-1 kg-1)was manifested by a small increase in blood pressure (6-12) mmHg) and 28-30% increase in renal vascular resistance. 2. These increases in blood pressure and renal vascular resistance were unaffected by administration of either phentolamine or guanethidine. 3. The agonist response in the conscious dog is most likely accounted for by a direct action of saralasin on vascular angiotensin receptors. PMID- 38942 TI - Dependence of deoxycorticosterone/salt hypertension in the rat on the activity of adrenergic cardiac nerves. AB - 1. Chronic hypertension was induced in Wistar rats with intact kidneys by subcutaneous implantation of 50 mg of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) in wax and addition of sodium chloride (9 g/l) to the drinking water. 2. The development of DOCA/salt hypertension, as monitored by tail-cuff plethysmography, was prevented by: (a) destruction of the peripheral adrenergic nerves with neonatal administration of guanethidine (80 mg/kg subcutaneously for the first 14 days postnatally); (b) bilateral stellate ganglionectomy; (c) oral administration of the beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists propranolol or atenolol (1 mg day-1 kg-1) during the period of DOCA/salt treatment. 3. The dose of DOCA used was sufficient to inhibit the atrial Uptake2 pathway completely: this process appears to participate in termination of action of neurally released noradrenaline in the heart. 4. It is suggested that this model of DOCA/salt hypertension is due to adrenergic enhancement of cardiac output in the presence of an increased sodium load. The enhancement may be partly due to deficient myocardial inactivation of noradrenaline. PMID- 38943 TI - Effect of acid trypsin and cold treatment and of renin--plasma interaction on the activity of renin secreted by rat kidney. PMID- 38944 TI - Effects of beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists on sino-aortic baroreflex sensitivity and blood pressure in hypertensive man. AB - 1. Sensitivity of the sino-aortic baroreflex was investigated before and after acute (23 patients) and chronic (23 patients) beta-adrenoreceptor antagonism in patients with essential hypertension. 2. Sensitivity was inversely related to age (r = -0.60) and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.46); a positive relationship was noted between sensitivity and initial pulse intervals (r = 0.40). 3. Sensitivity increased significantly in patients less than 40 years of age after chronic treatment. No change occurred after acute treatment or in older patients treated chronically. 4. The fall in ambulatory intra-arterial blood pressure after chronic treatment was unrelated to alteration of baroreflex sensitivity. PMID- 38945 TI - Biochemical discrimination of Hurler and Scheie syndromes. AB - 1. Homogenates of cultured skin fibroblasts derived from patients with alpha-L iduronidase-deficiency disorders (Hurler and Scheie syndromes) were capable of hydrolysing iduronosyl anhydro-[1-3H]mannitol 6-sulphate although at considerably reduced rates compared with normal controls. 2. The Vmax. values of alpha-L iduronidase from patients with Hurler or Scheie syndromes and from normal controls were 11, 12 and 833 pmol min-1 mg-1 of protein respectively; the corresponding apparent Km values were 656, 50 and 53 mumol/l respectively. The alpha-L-iduronidases from normal and Scheie fibroblast homogenates were shown to exhibit pH optima at 3.6 and 4.1 and were competitively inhibited by both chloride and sulphate ions: Hurler alpha-L-iduronidase activity exhibited the pH optimum at 3.8 and was also inhibited by chloride and to a lesser extent by sulphate ions. 3. The thermal stability of Hurler, Scheie and normal alpha-L iduronidase activities at 55 degrees C gave half-lives of approximately 1.0, 2.5 and 1.0 h respectively. 4. These biochemical findings clearly demonstrate enzyme differences for these two clinically distinct phenotypes and provide biochemical evidence that the Hurler and Scheie syndromes result from different allelic mutations. PMID- 38946 TI - Formation of Okazaki pieces at the Escherichia coli replication fork in vitro. PMID- 38947 TI - G4 DNA replication in vivo and the origins of its strand synthesis. PMID- 38948 TI - Peptides obtained from elastin by hydrolysis with aqueous ethanolic potassium hydroxide. PMID- 38949 TI - Effects of anticoagulants on acid-base and blood gas estimations. AB - The use of excessive amounts of heparin to anticoagulate blood samples for pH and blood gas analysis leads to erroneously low PCO2 results, whereas pH and PO2 are relatively unaffected. Derived base deficit values accordingly will be high. Dilution is seldom less than 6% but may exceed 40%, particularly when sampling fron neonates. Sodium citrate and Heller-Paul oxalate solutions were found to be suitable alternatives to heparin, whereas EDTA was not. PMID- 38950 TI - The effect of carbon dioxide on local cerebral blood flow during surface hypothermia in dogs. PMID- 38951 TI - Occupational, Industrial, and Plant Dermatology Symposium. San Francisco, March 26 to 28, 1979. Part I: General considerations. PMID- 38952 TI - The pathology and biochemistry of paraquat. AB - After the administration of paraquat to rats the lung is the organ most severely damaged. The pathology in the lung can be divided into two distinct phases: (1) a destruction phase lasting a few days with damage to the type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells, oedema and haemorrhage (most of the rats which die after dosing with paraquat do so during this phase); (2) a reparative phase with regeneration of the epithelium and, in areas of severe damage, a characteristic proliferation of fibroblasts. In both phases of the lesion the death of the rats results from anoxia. Paraquat is selectively accumulated by the rat lung in comparison with other tissues and this accounts, at least in part, for the specific toxic effect in this organ. The accumulation into the lung was shown by in vitro studies to depend on energy and is inhibited by various endogenous and exogenous compounds. This uptake process is not that which has been described for 5-hydroxytryptamine and evidence is presented to suggest that the type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells are sites of accumulation. When paraquat is present in lung cells, it undergoes a cyclical reduction and oxidation with the production of superoxide anion. This radical may lead directly or indirectly to the formation of lipid peroxides and hence to cell death. However, paraquat stimulates the pentose-phosphate pathway and both reduces the level of NADPH and inhibits fatty acid synthesis in the lung. These effects occur when there is only minimal ultrastructural damage to the lung cells. It is suggested, therefore, that the primary mechanism of toxicity of paraquat is the extreme oxidation of NADPH which inhibits vital physiological processes and renders the cell more susceptible to attack from lipid hydroperoxides. PMID- 38953 TI - Reaction rates of superoxide radicals with the essential amino acids. AB - Upper limits for the rates of reaction of amino acids with superoxide radicals have been determined spectrophotometrically by the stopped flow method. Rate measurements at 23 degrees C for the reaction of HO2 with amino acids were made in the pH range between 1 and 2; similar measurements for O2- were taken near pH 10. The results show that, overall, amino acids are relatively unreactive toward both HO2 and O2-. Computed second-order rate constants for their interaction with HO2 range from 101 mol-1s-1 for aliphatic amino acids to about 600 1 mol-1s-1. The second-order rate constants for the interaction of amino acids with O2- are smaller and range from 0.1 to about 20 1 mol-1s-1. PMID- 38954 TI - [Direct measurement of secondary alcohol oxidation by subcellular rat hepatocyte fractions]. PMID- 38955 TI - [Molecular aspects of connective tissue fibrillogenesis disorders caused by drug ligands]. PMID- 38956 TI - The treatment of glaucoma: role of beta-blocking agents. AB - The sudden development of a red painful eye with blurred vision may be an acute attack of angle closure glaucoma which requires emergency attention. Once the attack is controlled with medication, surgical intervention with a peripheral iridectomy is indicated to relieve relative pupillary block. Eyes subject to angle closure glaucoma are anatomically different with 'crowded' anterior segments. In contrast, open angle glaucoma (the more common form) may progress to near blindness without symptoms. Routine screening of intraocular pressure is, therefore, necessary to make the diagnosis before extensive irreparable damage has occurred. Surgery for open angle glaucoma carries risks of cataract and infection, and is unpredictable. Open angle glaucoma patients are usually treated chronically with specific medications. Beta-Adrenoceptor blocking agents appear to provide a significant new addition to the currently available antiglaucoma medications. PMID- 38957 TI - [Effect of calciumhydroxide and its modified forms]. AB - As diffusion experiments show, the singular physicochemical properties which give calcium hydroxide a special place in dentistry only apply to water-containing pastes. With organic hardeners, setting preparations based on "calcium hydroxide" do not have this property and cannot replace water-containing pastes of calcium hydroxide. Partial carbonation of Ca (OH)2 by absorption of CO2 from air does not lead to any lowering of pH of the Ca(OH)2 paste. The pH of the calcium hydroxide determined potentiometrically at 20 degrees C was 13.0. PMID- 38958 TI - [Modulation of dopaminergic receptor sensitivity in the central nervous system: important parameters in synaptic function regulation]. AB - Modulation in sensitivity of dopamine receptors in the central nervous system are reviewed. Three main types differing by their behavioural and biochemical characteristics are described: -- Disuse hypersensitivity to dopamine agonists, induced by an interruption of dopaminergic transmission, seems to depend on an increased number of post-synaptic dopamine receptors; -- Hyposensitivity to dopamine agonists, induced by an overstimulation of dopamine receptors, could depend on their qualitative or quantitative modifications; -- Behavioural facilitation, elicited by a previous administration of dopaminergic agonists in low dosage, could be associated with an hyposensitivity of dopaminergic autoreceptors. They seem to constitute important parameters in adaptation of synaptic efficacy in physiological as well as pathological states. PMID- 38959 TI - Uptake of taurine, GABA, 5-HT, and dopamine by blood platelets in progressive myoclonus epilepsy. AB - The uptakes of four neurotransmitters (taurine, GABA, 5-HT, and dopamine) by blood platelets from patients with degenerative-type progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) and from controls were studied using different incubation times and different concentrations. Only the uptakes of taurine differed significantly between patients and controls: patients' uptakes were 70% to 80% of control values at 10, 30, 60, and 120 min of incubation time. Km values were approximately the same, but Vmax values in PME patients were lower, showing quantitative but not qualitative differences in taurine uptake by platelets in PME. These results suggest that a defect or an inhibitory mechanism of some factor needed in the transport or binding of taurine (but not of GABA, 5-HT, and dopamine) is present in PME. PMID- 38960 TI - An analysis of 500 cases of equine cryptorchidism. AB - The authors analyse data collected over 23 years from 500 cryptorchid horses. They show that left- and right-sided abdominal cases occur with approximately equal frequency in ponies. Approximately half the right-sided unilateral abdominal cases have the epididymal tail descended while only 20 per cent of the left-sided cases do. These findings are briefly discussed. From their analysis of inguinal cryptorchidism the authors conclude that it is a relatively more complex phenomenon with incidence changing with age as well as breed. Right-sided retention predominates in young ponies, probably being an extreme expression of testicular hypoplasia, but in older ponies and in other types of horse, retention occurs equally on the left and right. PMID- 38961 TI - Activities of NAD-specific and NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenases in rat liver mitochondria. Studies with D-threo-alpha-methylisocitrate. AB - The contributions of NAD-specific and NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenases to isocitrate oxidation in isolated intact rat liver mitochondria were examined using DL-threo-alpha-methylisocitrate (3-hydroxy-1,2,3-butanetricarboxylate) to specifically inhibit flux through NADP-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase. Under a range of conditions tested with respiring mitochondria, the rate of isocitrate oxidation was decreased by about 20--40% by inhibition of NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, and matrix NADP became more oxidized. (a) For mitochondria incubated with externally added DL-isocitrate and citrate, the rate of isocitrate oxidation obtained by extrapolation to infinite alpha-methylisocitrate concentration was approximately 70% of the uninhibited rate in both state 3 and state 4. (b) With pyruvate plus malate added as substrates of citric acid cycle oxidation and isocitrate generated intramitochondrially, a concentration of alpha methylisocitrate (400 microM) sufficient for 99.99% inhibition of NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase inhibited isocitrate oxidation in states 4 and 3 by 21 +/- 6% and 19 +/- 11% (mean +/- SEM), respectively. (c) With externally added isocitrate and citrate, the addition of NH4Cl increased isocitrate oxidation by 3--4-fold, decreased NADPH levels by 30--40% and 2-oxoglutarate accumulation by about 40%. The further addition of 600 microM alpha-methylisocitrate decreased the NH4Cl stimulated isocitrate oxidation by about 40% and decreased NADPH to about 30% of the level prevailing in the absence of NH4Cl; nevertheless, the rate of isocitrate oxidation was still twice as large in the presence of NH4Cl and alpha methylisocitrate as in their absence. Experiments were also performed with intact mitochondria incubated with respiratory inhibitors to determine additional factors which might affect the flux through the two isocitrate dehydrogenases. (a) In the coupled reduction of acetoacetate by isocitrate, where the rate of reoxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotides is limited by NAD-specific 3 hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, 85--100% of the rate of 3-hydroxybutyrate formation was retained in the presence of 400--900 microM alpha-methylisocitrate. (b) In a system where the rate of isocitrate oxidation is limited by the rate of NADPH reoxidation by glutathione reductase, the rate of glutathione reduction extrapolated to infinite alpha-methylisocitrate concentration was from 20--40% of the uninhibited rate. (c) In the coupled synthesis of glutamate from isocitrate and NH4Cl, where the reoxidation of NADPH and NADH can occur via glutamate dehydrogenase, the rate of glutamate production extrapolated to infinite alpha methylisocitrate concentration was about 60% of the uninhibited rate. PMID- 38962 TI - Nuclear-magnetic-resonance study on Met-enkephalin and Met-enkephalinamide. Molecular association and conformation. AB - The 270-MHz 1H and 68-MHz 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of Met enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met) and Met-enkephalinamide are analyzed in a variety of solvents. For the dipolar form of Met-enkephalin in (C2H3)2SO solution, significant concentration dependences are found of C-alpha proton chemical shifts, indicating an aromatic ring-current effect in molecular aggregates. An anomalous temperature dependence is observed of the amide proton chemical shift of the Met-5 residue. Furthermore, the chemical shifts of C-alpha protons of the dipolar form are found to depend appreciably on temperature. From the analyses of the temperature dependences together with concentration dependences of C-alpha proton resonances, the dipolar form of Met-enkephalin is found to be in an equilibrium of folded and extended conformations at low concentration in (C2H3)2SO solution. Solvent-composition dependences of the amide and C-alpha proton resonances and carbonyl and alpha-carbon resonances of the dipolar form in 2H2O/(C2H3)2SO solution are consistent with the conformation equilibrium and the association equilibrium. The folded conformation of the dipolar form in (C2H3)2SO solution is stabilized by the intramolecular attraction between the positively charged N-terminal group and negatively charged C-terminal group. The presence of the folded conformation is confirmed by the measurements of Gd(III)-induced relaxation enhancements of C-alpha protons. Nuclear Overhauser effects on the dipolar form are not consistent with the predominant formation of the beta-turn structure with the intramolecular hydrogen bond (Gly-2) C=O . H N(Met-5). For the dipolar form of Met-enkephalin in 2H2O solution and for the cationic form of Met-enkephalinamide in (C2H3)2SO solution and in 2H2O solution there is no evidence for the formation of folded conformations. PMID- 38964 TI - Clinical experiences in the Gambro-preservation unit: analysis of 101 human cadaver kidneys. AB - 101 human cadaver kidneys were preserved by means of hypothermic pulsatile perfusion in the Gambro perfusion unit with human albumin as perfusate. Perfusate flow and some biochemical parameters were assessed during perfusion and correlated with renal function after transplantation. There is a good correlation between perfusate flow and recovery of physiological renal function. LDH released to the perfusate as viability test is of limited value: a direct correlation was only found between LDH activity and perfusion time, and LDH activity and ischemia time. Determination of pH and lactic acid level 1 h after beginning of perfusion is without practical value according to our experience. The quality of albumin in perfusion solution influences the immediate graft function. PMID- 38963 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency disease. Reported from 1968 to 1977. AB - Patients who received bone marrow transplantation (= BMT) for the treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency (= SCID), and who were reported in the medical literature from 1968 to 1977, were collected and analysed. Eighteen of these 80 children are still alive, 10 months to 9 years after transplantation. It is thus the first successful form of therapy for this otherwise invariably fatal disease. Fifteen of the 18 survivors received bone marrow cells from HLA and MLC compatible donors; the remaining 3 survivors received grafts from MLC-compatible but HLA-incompatible donors. Bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice for SCID when recipient and donor are HLA- and MLC-identical. All patients who received MLC-incompatible grafts died, and bone marrow transplantation for SCID from MLC-incompatible donors should be abandoned. Milt-to-severe graft versus-host disease (= GVHD) occurred in spite of HLA- and/or MLC-compatibility, with some correlation to the number of cells transplanted. This should preferably be kept below 50 million cells per kilo body weight. Infection was the chief cause of death in all groups. Strict reverse isolation, bowel decontamination and routine pre- and post-transplant Pneumocystis carinii prophylactic treatment are recommended. The clinical picture and laboratory findings of these 80 children before BMT did not differ from non-transplanted SCID patients. Three of the 18 survivors are adenosinedeaminase deficient. PMID- 38965 TI - Effects of 4 beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs on blood pressure and exercise heart rate in hypertension. AB - The effects of 4 beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs on blood pressure and on exercise tachycardia were compared in a within-patient study of patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Twelve patients were treated with propranolol, practolol and atenolol and 7 of the same patients also received oxprenolol. Each patient received each drug separately, withdrawing each drug before starting the next, and each patient was titrated to the lowest attainable blood pressure and heart rate with each compound. All 4 drugs caused reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and in the heart rate induced by exercise. The maximum reduction by each drug in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was the same. There were small but significant differences in the effects on heart rate between those drugs which had intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and those which did not have this property. PMID- 38966 TI - Abstracts. 13th Annual meeting of the European Society for Clinical Investigation, 22-24 March 1979, Cambridge University, England. PMID- 38967 TI - The cardiovascular actions of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. PMID- 38968 TI - Immediate haemodynamic effects of propranolol, practolol, pindolol, atenolol and ICI 89,406 in healthy volunteers. PMID- 38969 TI - Exercise responses of healthy subjects in the evaluation of cardioselectivity of beta-blockers. AB - The effects of intravenous propranolol, metoprolol, acebutolol and placebo on exercise-induced changes in heart rate and peak flow rate (PFR) have been studied in a group of healthy subjects. The three beta-blockers produced significant and comparable reductions in exercise-induced tachycardia and the magnitude of the reduction was related to the log plasma concentration of each drug. Significant cardiac beta-blockade was detectable for three hours after giving propranolol and for four hours after metoprolol and acebutolol. The exercise-induced changes in PFR were small and variable and were not significantly affected by any of the drugs. We conclude that, contrary to published reports, exercise-induced changes in heart rate and PFR in healthy subjects do not provide a satisfactory test system for assessing the selectivity of beta-blockers. PMID- 38970 TI - A study of drug action on normal and denervated striatal mechanisms. PMID- 38971 TI - Neuroleptic receptors: stereoselectivity for neuroleptic enantiomers. AB - In order to identify a pair of neuroleptic enantiomers with the highest stereoselective interaction with neuroleptic/dopamine receptors, the effects of eight pairs of neuroleptic enantiomers were tested on the specific binding of 3H spiperone to crude homogenates of calf caudate nucleus. The ratios of the Ki values were: (+)-butaclamol/(-)-butaclamol = 3000; dexclamol/(-)-analogue = 151; (+)-isobutaclamol/(-)-isobutaclamol = 146; (-)-CTC/(+)-CTC= 109; (-) centbutindole/(+)-centbutindole = 20; S(+)-octoclothepin/R(-)-octoclothepin = 11. Thus, the neuroleptic receptor is highly stereoselective for the rigid butaclamol derivatives, but much less so for the flexible neuroleptics. The 3H-apomorphine binding site, however, had a stereoselectivity ratio of only 7 for isobutaclamol, further suggesting that the high affinity sites (i.e. nM) for 3H-neuroleptic binding and for 3H-apomorphine binding are different. PMID- 38972 TI - Hallucinogens antagonize histamine H1 receptors of cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells. AB - Hallucinogens were competitive antagonists of histamine at the H1-receptor of cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells. Their rank order of potency at this receptor was similar to that for their potency at eliciting subjective effects in vivo. Comparison with studies of other receptors, however, suggests that no single model of drug--receptor interaction adequately accounts for the known subjective effects of these compounds. PMID- 38973 TI - Nigrostriatal lesions enhance striatal 3H-apomorphine and 3H-spiroperidol binding. AB - Following unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine nigrostriatal lesions in rats, the binding of both 3H-apomorphine and 3H-spiroperidol in the striatum is increased. In rats with incomplete lesions or at early time points after lesion, binding is not significantly different from control levels. PMID- 38974 TI - Effect of histamine on uterine vasculature in rats. AB - The effects of histamine infusions on the rat uterine vasculature have been studied using the radioactive microsphere technique. Histamine produced a marked uterine vasodilatation which could be partly mimicked by infusion of either the H1-receptor agonist, 2-(2-aminoethyl)pyridine, or the H2-receptor agonist, 4 methyl-histamine. Histamine-induced uterine vasodilatation could only be reduced significantly by administration of a combination of the H1- and H2-receptor antagonists mepyramine and metiamide but not by either antagonist given alone. It was concluded that histamine-induced vasodilatation in the rat uterus is mediated by both H1- and H2-receptors. PMID- 38975 TI - The mechanism of the clonidine-induced reduction in peripheral parasympathetic submaxillary salivation. AB - The mechanism of the clonidine induced reduction in submaxillary salivation evoked by electrical stimulation of the chorda tympani was investigated in anaesthetised cats. This effect of clonidine was found to be dose and frequency dependent. In addition to clonidine, tramazoline, also a preferential presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, produced a reduction in electricallly evoked salivation. Methoxamine, noradrenaline and naphazoline, which are less potent presynaptic alpha-receptor agonists, caused increases in salivation. Phentolamine only partially antagonized the decrease in salivation produced by clonidine whereas it was virtually abolished by yohimbine. Clonidine increased salivation evoked by intra-arterial injections of carbachol. These findings suggest that clonidine reduces peripheral parasympathetically evoked submaxillary salivation by activation of presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors which inhibit cholinergic transmission. PMID- 38976 TI - Digitalis drugs and vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation. AB - The effect of acetylstrophanthidine (AS), a rapid-acting digitalis-like agent, on the ventricular fibrillation (VF) threshold was examined in normal and denervated chloralose-anesthetized dogs. In neurally intact dogs an intravenous bolus of AS (0.075 mg/kg) increased the VF threshold up to a maximum 50% (P less than 0.01) within 30 min after injection. The augmented VF threshold following intravenous administration of AS was not altered by vagotomy. Bilateral stellectomy in vagotomized dogs, as well as carotid sinus and aortic arch denervations, however, prevented the AS induced increase in VF threshold. In neurally intact dogs beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol (0.25 mg/kg) precluded AS effects. These data suggest that the increase in the VF threshold resulting from AS administration in the normal canine ventricle is due to withdrawal of sympathetic tone mediated via the baroreceptor reflex. The direct effect of AS on the myocardium is to decrease the VF threshold. PMID- 38978 TI - [Korean hemorrhagic fever (author's transl)]. PMID- 38977 TI - Inhibitory effect of kanamycin on evoked transmitter release. Reversal by 3,4 diaminopyridine. AB - The effect of kanamycin (Kn) on evoked transmitter release was examined in frog end-plates in vitro. By a presynaptic action, Kn (0.02 to 1 mM) significantly reduced the amount of acetylcholine liberated by nerve stimulation. In addition to its presynaptic effects, Kn (0.96 mM) decreased the size of the miniature end plate potentials possibly by acting at the postsynaptic level. 3,4 Diaminopyridine (4.5 microM) reversed the presynaptic effects of Kn but did not modify its postsynaptic action. PMID- 38979 TI - Relationship of adhesiveness of cells in culture with specific enzyme activity. PMID- 38980 TI - L-azaserine toxicity in established cell lines: correlation with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity. PMID- 38981 TI - European Brain and Behaviour Society (EBBS). Abstracts of the annual general meeting in Paris, September 22--26, 1979. PMID- 38982 TI - Otolithic-acoustic interaction in the control of eye movement. AB - In order to examine otolithic contribution to eye movements ten subjects were asked to track either a moving acoustic target or a stationary target during subject linear motion on a cart. The relative displacement between the subject and the target was the same in the two situations. Recordings of eye movements during subject lateral acceleration in the dark without any task, or with the task of tracking an imagined stationary target were made as a control. The frequencies ranged between 0.15 and 0.3 Hz and peak acceleration between 0.55 and 1.2 m/s2. No lateral eye movements (L-nystagmus) were recorded in the dark. Only saccadic eye movements were recorded during the tracking of a moving acoustic target. Slow eye movements interspersed by saccades were observed when the moving subject tracked an imagined or an acoustic stationary target. Contribution of the slow phase to tracking was more important in the presence of an acoustic target than in the presence of imagined target. The results are interpreted in terms of an otolithic contribution to the central reconstruction of the acoustic target velocity, or in terms of an adaptive control of the otolithic-ocular reflex gain. A conceptual model accounting for these interpretations is proposed. PMID- 38983 TI - Role of descending spinal pathways in the regulation of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase. PMID- 38984 TI - Lack of effect of neurotransmitters on cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in an insect CNS. AB - The inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from the nerve cord of Manduca sexta was studied using theophylline as a model compound. 11 putative neurotransmitters had no effect on enzyme activity. PMID- 38985 TI - Haemoglobin Bohr effect and lactic acid content of the blood of 2 water-snakes with different degrees of aquatic adaptation. AB - H. modestus, a water-snake with morphological respiratory adaptation to its habitat, presents haemoglobins with a lower Bohr effect than those of L. miliaris, an aquatic snake without such respiratory adaptations. The difference in blood lactic acid content of the 2 snakes submitted to mechanical stimuli appears to be compatible with the properties of their haemoglobins. PMID- 38986 TI - gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) and cytochrome P-450 after portacaval shunt in the rat. AB - The increased hepatic activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase after portacaval shunt is due to derepression of a fetal enzyme rather than to an induction mechanism. PMID- 38987 TI - Presumptive identification of aminoglycoside antibiotics by the pH susceptibility disc agar-diffusion method. AB - Using the pH (buffered) sensitivity discs for the agar-diffusion bioassay of aminoglycoside antibiotics, characteristic response curves were obtained. Since the nature of the activities observed are structure-related, this method can serve as a useful aid for primary identification of members of this class of antibiotics. PMID- 38988 TI - Relationship between the pentose phosphate shunt and methemoglobin reductase activity in human erythrocytes: Effect of aging on methemoglobin reductase activity. AB - The increase in methemoglobin reductase activity in human erythrocytes upon incubation with inosine, phosphate, pyruvate occurs only in the presence of methylene blue. No difference in activity of the methemoglobin reductases was observed between enzyme extracts of fresh cells and aged cells. PMID- 38989 TI - Differential developmental pattern of acid and alkaline phytase and phosphatase activities in rat intestine. AB - Rat intestine was found to show a distinct acid phytase activity (pH optimum 4.7) in addition to that of an alkaline phytase (pH optimum 8.0). The phytase and phosphatase activities were found to differ in their developmental pattern and responded differentially to some inhibitors. Thus the two activities seem to be due to two independent enzymes and are not the activity of a nonspecific phosphatase as has been suspected formerly. PMID- 38990 TI - Fourth international conference on voluntary sterilization. PMID- 38991 TI - [Problems of drug interaction in the human body]. PMID- 38992 TI - [Towards the III Congress of Pharmacists of the Ukraine]. PMID- 38993 TI - [Effect of tranquilizers on the interaction processes of positive and negative reinforcement systems]. AB - The tranquilizers diazepam, nitrazepam, chlordiazepoxid and elroquil produce diverse effects on conflict interaction of the systems of brain reinforcement subjected to simultaneous electric stimulation. The anxiolytic action of diazepam and chlordiazepoxid on behavior is determined by displacement of the activity balance of the systems of reinforcement to the system of positive reinforcement. Prevalent activity of the system of punishment in the action of elroquil accounts for its lower tranquilizing effect. PMID- 38994 TI - [Effect of high and low environmental temperature on benzodiazepine tranquilizer activity]. PMID- 38995 TI - [Effect of butyrophenone derivatives on D-serotonin reactive structures]. AB - Droperidol, haloperidol and azabutyron inhibit the reactions of rabbit aortal stria caused by stimulation of D-type serotonine receptors. Droperidol appears most active in this respect. Its antiserotonine properties are characterised by certain selectivity. The capacity of droperidol for protection of D-receptors against irreversible dibenamine blockade suggests its indirect interaction with D receptors. PMID- 38996 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the effect of noninhalational narcotics on the reflex mechanisms of blood circulation regulation]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on cats with intact brain, as well as on decerebrated and spinal animals that chloralose, sombrevine and viadril exert no pronounced effect on initial electric activity in the renal nerve or baroreceptor inhibition of the neurogenous vascular tone, but inhibit vasomotor responses at stimulation of highly liminal afferent fibers of the cerebrospinal nerves. In animals with intact brain, sodium hydroxybutyrate inhibiting baroreceptor reflexes enhanced vasomotor reactions caused by activation of cutaneous and visceral nerves. PMID- 38997 TI - [Toxicity of lithium salts in combined use with neuroleptics]. AB - Experiments on white mice showed that in combined administration of LD16, LD50 or LD84 of aminazin, triphtazine or haloperidol with the same doses of lithium carbonate, chloride or hydroxybutyrate, the lethal dose exceeded the total lethal dose in the event the drugs were administered alone. Non-lethal doses of the lithium salts produced no effect on LD16, LD50 and LD84 of triphtazine and haloperidol, but non-lethal doses of these neuroleptics potentiated the action of lethal doses of the lithium salts. Haloperidol is an exception to the rule since it did not exert such action with respect to lithium chloride. Aminazin and lithium salts increased also each other's toxicity in instances where one of the drugs was administered in a non-lethal dose, whereas the other in a lethal one. PMID- 38998 TI - Antagonism between dopaminergic and neuroleptic drugs. I. Acute administration. AB - In this paper we report our results concerning the antagonism between dopaminergic (bromocriptine, apomorphine, piribedil) and neuroleptic (haloperidol, chlorpromazine, reserpine, clotiapine) drugs on the eeg and behaviour of rabbits. The Monnier and Gangloff stereotaxic method was used in order to record cortical and deep structures. The use of neurophysiologic methods also enabled us to verify the magnitude and modes of the antagonism between the two types of drugs. Particularly, the dissociation between eeg and behavioural effects of this antagonism is discussed; this fact seems to confirm the hypothesis that dopaminergic drugs have a double point of attack in the CNS. PMID- 38999 TI - Antagonism between dopaminergic and neuroleptic drugs. II. Chronic administration. AB - In this work the eeg and behavioural effects obtained after the administration of dopaminergic drugs (bromocriptine, apomorphine, piribedil) in rabbits chronically pretreated with haloperidol, chlorpromazine, clotiapine, are shown. The Monnier and Gangloff stereotaxic method was used. The aim of the study was to verify receptor supersensitivity by neurophysiologic methods. The neurophysiologic pattern of receptor supersensitivity induced by long-lasting treatment with neuroleptic drugs and its peculiarity are discussed. PMID- 39000 TI - Hydrodynamic properties of bovine cardiac troponin. PMID- 39001 TI - Putative benzodiazepine receptor: a protein solubilised from brain. PMID- 39002 TI - Intrinsic forms of soluble and mitochondrial tyrosine aminotransferase from rat tissues. PMID- 39003 TI - Adenylylimidodiphosphate release from the active site of submitochondrial particles ATPase. PMID- 39004 TI - Calcium activated neutral protease from human skeletal muscle. PMID- 39005 TI - Neural antigens: potential probes for neurophysiology. Introduction. PMID- 39006 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of neuronal antigens: tyrosine hydroxylase, substance P, [Met5]-enkephalin. AB - Neuronal antigens can be demonstrated histologically by numerous direct and indirect immunocytochemical techniques in which a specific antibody is identified by a marker compound such as fluorescein isothiocyanate, ferritin, or horseradish peroxidase. One of the more sensitive methods for the light and electron microscopic localizations of antigens in sections of tissue is the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) technique. The experimental procedures and the results obtained using this technique for the localization of the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase, are described. The cellular and ultrastructural localization of the enzyme is demonstrated in perikarya, processes, and terminals of catecholaminergic neurons in rat brain. The immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase is compared to the localization of two peptides, substance P and [Met5]-enkephalin, in the A2 region of the medulla. These studies suggest that a synaptic interaction exists between the catecholaminergic neurons and neurons showing positive immunoreactivity for the peptides. The limitations of the PAP immunocytochemical technique are also discussed in relation to the immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase and other antigens. PMID- 39007 TI - Audiogenic seizures in mice. PMID- 39008 TI - Photomyoclonic seizures in the baboon, Papio papio. AB - The inborn seizure response of Papio papio to intermittent light stimulation has been reviewed as a model of human epilepsy. The electrographic and clinical features have been described and useful methodology has been outlined. A diurnal cyclicity in seizure responsiveness has been described with greatest seizure severity at 8 AM in parallel with a rise in urinary output of cortisol. Hormonal influences on the seizure response have been described for ethinyl estradiol, thyroxin, and triiodothyronine. Evidence regarding neurotransmitter involvement has been reviewed. Data regarding use of the animal for anticonvulsant testing in single and chronic doses has been discussed. Particular advantages of the model for study of age-related drug effects and the assessment of the effects of chronically administered anticonvulsant agents on learning and memory have been described. PMID- 39009 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from bovine erythrocytes: kinetic properties and the electrophoretic comparison of its subunit structure with G6PDH from other sources. PMID- 39010 TI - The transfer of folates across different regions of the intestine [proceedings]. PMID- 39011 TI - Azide interaction with cytochrome c oxidase: does it bind to cytochrome a or a3? [proceedings]. PMID- 39012 TI - A double-blind comparison of prazepam with diazepam, chlorazepate dipotassium and placebo in anxious out-patients. AB - The study compared prazepam with diazepam, chlorazepate dipotassium, and placebo in the treatment of anxious out-patients. Patients were screened for participation in the study to be sure they met the criteria for inclusion. Patients were excluded if they had complicating physical or mental problems. All patients signed an informed consent. Seventy-three patients entered the study, thirteen did not complete at least two weeks of treatment and were not used in the data analysis. Of these thirteen, ten did not return and were lost to follow up, tow entered the hospital for reasons unrelated to the drug study, and one patient on diazepam was terminated because of increased anxiety. Six patients were used in the data analysis, thirty-six males and twenty-four females with an age range of 21-61 years. Side-effects were minimal. Drowsiness was reported by two people in the placebo group, one taking chlorazepate dipotassium, three on prazepam and one on diazepam. One diazepam patient reported nausea and vomitting. Scores on the Zung Self-Rating Scale for Anxiety showed all three drug groups to be superior to placebo. The Hopkins Symptom Check-list found prazepam and diazepam to be superior to placebo and chlorazepate. No differences among the groups were found in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Prazepam may offer advantages over the other available benzodiazepines since it may be more readily absorbed than chlorazepate and has less side-effects than diazepam. PMID- 39013 TI - Effect of parental aspirin on the gastric mucosal barrier in the rat. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine in the rat whether parenteral aspirin, like topical aspirin, injures the gastric mucosa by diffusely disrupting the gastric mucosal barrier to hydrogen ion back-diffusion. Back-diffusion studies, including the ion fluxes and lumenal potential difference, were performed in control situations and either 0.5 or 4 h after the intraperitoneal administration of sodium acetylsalicylate. Gastric mucosal lesions were scored. After 0.5h, lesions developed but the barrier was intact. However, after 4 h, lesion formation was more severe and changes characteristic of diffuse barrier disruption, fall in potential difference and increased loss of hydrogen ion occurred. Since lesions occurred before evidence of diffuse barrier disruption could be detected, we conclude that in the present model diffuse barrier disruption is a consequence rather than a cause of lesions. PMID- 39014 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide: measurement, distribution and putative neurotransmitter function. AB - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) is a highly basic octacosapeptide isolated from porcine small intestine. VIP was originally considered to be a gut hormone, but radioimmunochemical and immunohistochemical studies have revealed that VIP has a widespread distribution localized in neurons. VIP-containing neurons are present in the central nervous system including the cerebral arteries, the digestive tract, the genitourinary tract and the adrenal glands. In the nerve terminals VIP is localized in synaptic vesicles. VIP fulfils a number of criteria to be a neurotransmitter both in central and peripheral nerves. Whilst the role of VIP in the central nervous system is unknown, it is likely that VIP is the mediator of gastrointestinal and pancreatic functions, which are controlled by non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic nerve fibres. PMID- 39015 TI - [Proceedings of the 1st National Congress of Cardiac Pacing, Udine, 20-22 October 1977]. PMID- 39016 TI - [Clinical and biological aspects in patient with pH-triggered implanted pacemaker (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors have selected the variations of blood pH to drive the pacing rate according to the new biological balance created by exercise. The clinical tests performed on the patients who have had a pH-triggered pacemaker implanted one year previously demonstrated that: a) during physical exercise there is an increase of cardiac rate triggered by the pacemaker, comparable with that noted when sinus rhythm is present; b) situations causing an increased production of cathecolamines and thus a pH variation--Cold Pressor Test, Ischaemic Test, as well as emotional stress--cause an increase of the stimulation rate of pH triggered pacemaker. PMID- 39017 TI - [Papers presented at the 24th annual meeting of the Venezuelan Society of Gastroenterology and the 2d Venezuelan and Colombian Congress of Gastroenterology. Abstracts]. PMID- 39018 TI - Mapping of the pneumococcus chromosome: differences between recipient strains varying in hex property and the location of the opt-r2 gene. PMID- 39019 TI - [Takayasu's disease in pregnancy]. PMID- 39020 TI - 2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol as a nitrosating agent for diethanolamine: a model study. PMID- 39021 TI - In vitro metabolism of [14C]rubratoxin B by rat hepatic subcellular fractions. PMID- 39022 TI - 8th International Congress of the Society for Forensic Haemogenetics. PMID- 39023 TI - [Hemodialysis in schizophrenia. Report from the II. Congress of the International Federation for Artificial Organs (ISAO), 18-19 April 1979 in New York]. PMID- 39024 TI - [Immunotherapy of allergic diseases. Symposium of the Austrian Society for Allergology and Immunology in Vienna. 12 May 1979]. PMID- 39025 TI - Diminished activities of fatty acid synthesis enzymes in insulin-resistant adipocytes from spontaneously obese rats. AB - Acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase activities were studied to determine the biochemical basis of the markedly impaired capacity of fat cells from spontaneously obese, old rats to convert glucose to fatty acids relative to cells from lean, young rats. Michaelis constants for the substrates of both enzymes were similar in large and small adipocyte homogenates. In contrast, Vmax values were over 80% less in homogenates from large relative to small cells on a per cell basis. Long-term dialysis or the presence of albumin during the assays failed to restore the activities of these enzymes in homogenates of large fat cells. The combination of equal volumes of homogenates from the two cell types resulted in carboxylase and synthetase activities intermediate between activities found in the two homogenates alone. Therefore, the presence of endogenous allosteric inhibitors does not appear to account for the markedly blunted fatty acid synthesis enzyme activities in large fat cells. These results suggest that the fatty acid synthesis impairment, which is a primary defect in the insulin resistance of the large cells, is at least partly due to diminished cellular contents of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase. PMID- 39026 TI - The effect of acute metabolic acidosis on plasma cortisol, renin activity and aldosterone. AB - The effect of metabolic acidosis on the renin-aldosterone system remains unclear. In the present study anesthetized mongrel dogs (n = 19) were infused at similar rates with 0.45% NaCl (controls), HCl or NH4Cl (2.5mEq/kg) for 1--3 h. The induced metabolic acidosis in the two experimental groups was not associated with increases in plasma renin activity. Plasma cortisol (as a marker for ACTH secretion) and serum potassium concentration increased in both HCl- and NH4Cl treated animals. Plasma aldosterone increased after 30 min in the HCl group and 60 min in the NH4Cl group and did not change in controls. These findings demonstrate that metabolic acidosis induced by HCl or NH4Cl is associated with increased aldosterone production without concomitant changes in plasma renin activity. PMID- 39027 TI - Allograft tolerance after total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). PMID- 39028 TI - 13th annual meeting of the Tissue Culture Association. June 10-14, 1979. The Olympic Hotel, Seattle, Washington. PMID- 39029 TI - An observation on the pH changes of haemorrhagic septicaemia alum adjuvant vaccine under different methods of preparation and storage. PMID- 39030 TI - Myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride antimicrobial system: effect of exogenous amines on antibacterial action against Escherichia coli. AB - Exogenous ammonium ions (NH(4) (+)) and amine compounds had a profound influence on the antibacterial activity of the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-chloride system against Escherichia coli. The rate of killing increased in the presence of NH(4) (+) and certain guanidino compounds and decreased in the presence of alpha amino acids, polylysine, taurine, or tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane. Myeloperoxidase catalyzed the oxidation of chloride to hypochlorous acid, which reacted either with bacterial amine or amide components or both or with the exogenous compounds to yield chloramine or chloramide derivatives or both. These nitrogen-chlorine derivatives could oxidize bacterial components. Killing was correlated with oxidation of bacterial components. The rate of oxidation of bacterial sulfhydryls increased in the presence of the compounds that increased the rate of killing and decreased in the presence of the other compounds. The reaction of HOCl with NH(4) (+) yielded monochloramine (NH(2)Cl), which could be extracted into organic solvents. The N-Cl derivatives of bacterial components or of polylysine, taurine, or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane could not be extracted. The effect of NH(4) (+) on killing is attributed to the ability of NH(2)Cl to penetrate the hydrophobic cell membrane and thus to oxidize intracellular components. Polylysine, taurine, and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane formed high-molecular-weight, charged, or polar N Cl derivatives that would be unable to penetrate the cell membrane. These results suggest an important role for leukocyte amine components in myeloperoxidase catalyzed antimicrobial activity in vivo. PMID- 39031 TI - Immunization of calves against enterotoxigenic colibacillosis by vaccinating dams with purified K99 antigen and whole cell bacterins. AB - Pregnant cattle were either vaccinated subcutaneously with (i) a suspension of purified Escherichia coli K99 pili, (ii) a Formalin-killed whole cell bacterin containing enterotoxigenic E. coli strain B44 (O9:K30;K99:H-), or (iii) a bacterin containing six different strains of bovine enterotoxigenic E. coli (multiple-strain bacterin), or were left as nonvaccinated controls. After birth, calves were allowed to nurse their dams and, at 12 to 14 h of age, were challenged orally with 10(11) cells of enterotoxigenic E. coli strain B44. Colostral antibody titers were determined against K99, K30, and O9 antigens of B44. In the nonvaccinated control group, 9 of 10 calves developed diarrhea and died within 24 to 72 h. Similarly, all six calves in the multiple-strain bacterin group developed diarrhea and four died. In contrast to calves in the two groups mentioned above, calves nursing cows vaccinated with either purified K99 or the homologous whole cell bacterin were protected against fatal diarrhea. There was a highly significant correlation (P less than 0.0005) between protection against fatal diarrhea and K99, but not K30 or O9 colostral antibody titers. Vaccination of cows with either purified pili or whole cell preparations containing sufficient K99 antigen may provide a means of preventing enterotoxigenic colibacillosis in calves. PMID- 39032 TI - Lactoperoxidase binding to streptococci. AB - There have been conflicting reports regarding the binding of lactoperoxidase to bacterial cell surfaces. We describe here the effects of cell-bound lactoperoxidase on acid production by suspensions of Streptococcus mutans (NCTC 10449) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate. Saline suspensions of log-phase bacteria were treated with 0.1 mg of lactoperoxidase per ml and were then washed thoroughly. The addition of hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate markedly reduced the acid production of these lactoperoxidase-treated bacteria but had no effect on the acid production of untreated controls. After a 3-h incubation in saline, the lactoperoxidase-treated bacteria produced acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate at the same rate as untreated bacteria. These observations suggest that lactoperoxidase is initially bound to the cell surface in an enzymatically active form at a concentration sufficient to inhibit acid production. The lactoperoxidase is slowly degraded or desorbed as the bacteria stand in saline suspension. PMID- 39033 TI - Purification and crystallization of fimbrial hemagglutinin from Bordetella pertussis. AB - A procedure to purify and crystallize fimbrial hemagglutinin from Bordetella pertussis is described. Redissolved crystals had the same specific activity as the original, purified solution of fimbrial hemagglutinin. About 97% of the weight of washed crystals was accounted for by amino acids. PMID- 39034 TI - Adherence of erythrocytes to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AB - The human pathogen Mycoplasma pneumoniae adheres to a variety of cells, including erythrocytes. A hemadsorption technique was developed to quantitate adherence by photometric measurement of lysates of erythrocytes that attached to sheets of M. pneumoniae grown in cups of Linbro plates. Attachment of sheep erythrocytes (SE) increased with higher ionic strength, was unaffected by minor pH variations (6 to 9), and was blocked by anti-M. pneumoniae antiserum, but was not inhibited by a variety of sugars, amino acids, and bovine serum albumin. The reaction was time and temperature dependent. The temperature curve showed peaks at 14 and 28 degrees C with untreated SE but only one peak at about 38 degrees C with glutaraldehyde-treated SE. The temperature dependence indicated involvement of either metabolic or membrane activities in the binding process. Trypsin treatment of the M. pneumoniae sheet abolished adherence of SE but was only partially effective with human erythrocytes and noneffective with rabbit erythrocytes. The binding capacity of the mycoplasma cells for SE was restored by incubation in growth medium for 3 to 4 h; this restoration was inhibited by 10 mug of chloramphenicol per ml. Neuraminidase treatment of SE removed their attachment capacity but had no effect on attachment of rabbit erythrocytes and only a slight effect on attachment of human erythrocytes. Pretreatment of M. pneumoniae with neuraminic acid partially blocked the adherence of SE, whereas rabbit erythrocyte attachment was not affected. Attached SE could be detached by trypsin, but not by neuraminidase. For human and rabbit erythrocytes, the results suggest binding mechanisms other than the interaction between neuraminidase-sensitive receptors and protein-containing binding sites shown for SE. PMID- 39036 TI - The Society for Research in Rehabilitation, proceedings of the Scientific Meeting held 8 and 9 December 1978 at the Westminster Hospital London, England. PMID- 39035 TI - Effect of growth conditions on the formation of extracellular lipoteichoic acid by Streptococcus mutans BHT. AB - Streptococcus mutans BHT was grown in a chemostat with glucose limitation and at defined dilution rates and pH values. Lipoteichoic acid was estimated by determining the ability of dilutions of culture fluid to sensitize erythrocytes. The greatest amounts of extracellular lipoteichoic acid were produced by organisms growing at a low dilution rate and at pH 6.0 or 6.5. To enable a more accurate estimation of the total amount of extracellular material, rocket immunoelectrophoresis was employed. These results confirmed that the greatest amounts of reactive material were produced by slow-growing organisms, although there were discrepancies between these results and those obtained by hemagglutination. The extracellular material was fractionated by column chromatography and membrane ultrafiltration to yield a lipoteichoic acid containing fraction and a presumptive deacylated lipoteichoic acid fraction. The relative proportions detected by rocket immunoelectrophoresis differed with the growth conditions, particularly the dilution rate. Analysis of the phenol extracted cellular material also indicated the presence of deacylated lipoteichoic acid, although less than in the culture fluid. PMID- 39037 TI - Treatment of delirium--a reappraisal. AB - Delirium is a frequently encountered clinical syndrome which can pose serious problems for the physician and patient. Numerous etiological possibilities exist, and each case is usually associated with multiple causal factors. Although the pathophysiology is poorly understood, the clinical presentation is marked either by stupor and hypoarousal or agitation and hyperarousal. Both types of delirium must be treated by searching for and correcting reversible causative factors. In addition, medication may be quite efficacious in managing the clinical aspects of agitated delirium. Most cases of agitated delirium are either of the "sensory overload" or "sensory deprivation" type. The drug treatment of each is discussed with reference to their respective central nervous system physiological correlates. PMID- 39038 TI - [EEG changes during clozapin administration compared to other neuroleptic agents. Controlled case study in a particular patient]. AB - A hyperactive mentally retarded patient receiving clozapin and other major tranquilizers had an unexpected seizure. The EEG revealed severe pathological patterns which disappeared after discontinuation of clozapin and could be reproduced as a function of clozapin medication. Other major tranquilizers had no particular effects. This study demonstrates how we determined whether clozapin or other major tranquilizers had seizure-promoting effects in a particular patient. PMID- 39039 TI - Drug induced dyskinesia: a critical review. AB - Tardive dyskinesia (TD) has been reported to occur after the long term administration of neuroleptics. Its prevalence has been reported to vary from 0.5 56%. However, no clear relationship is established between a particular neuroleptic, its dosage and duration of administration and the diagnosis and occurrence of TD. Neuropathological investigations have not provided any definitive lessons. in addition, TD can be produced by a number of drugs of different chemical classes. Similarly, the evidence for dopaminergic hypersensitivity is equivocal. The only definitive feature seems to be an individual predisposition, the nature of which needs to be elucidated. Of course, basic to any future research into new insights regarding etiology, the fundamental problem of definition and identification based on the accepted definition are most essential. This solid foundation is necessary for the resolution of any conflicting results that may be reported in the future. PMID- 39040 TI - [Discontinuation of neuroleptics in chronic schizophrenics. I. Summary of the literature]. AB - Based on the available publications on the discontinuation of antipsychotic drug treatment in chronic schizophrenic patients the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) About 50% of chronic schizophrenic patients develop a psychotic relapse after discontinuation of antipsychotic drug treatment. (2) The risk for a psychotic relapse after neuroleptic withdrawal seems to be less pronounced in older patients with a long duration of illness and hospitalization who are treated with a rather low maintenance dosage of antipsychotic drugs. (3) For the individual patient the effects of discontinuation are only predictable based on earlier results of an individual termination of his antipsychotic drug treatment. PMID- 39041 TI - Royal Academy of Medicine in Ireland. Proceedings of meeting of section of medicine, held at University College, Cork, 10th--11th November, 1978: Abstracts. PMID- 39042 TI - Kawasaki's disease and infantile polyarteritis nodosa: is Pseudomonas infection responsible? Report of a case. AB - A nineteen-month-old child presented with a febrile illness, skin rash, painful swelling of the joints, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. Pseudomonas was cultured from the blood during life and, subsequently, at autopsy. Autopsy revealed a generalized panarteritis involving the coronary, retroperitoneal and pulmonary arteries with thickening of arterial walls and narrowing of the lumina. Thrombi and foci of necrosis and infarcts were found in many organs. Numerous bacilli were present in fresh lesions, but not in the organizing lesions. Periodic acid-Schiff-positive deposits were found in occasional macrophages, in walls of affected vessels, in the marginal sinuses of lymph nodes and diffusely in epicardial and retroperitoneal adipose tissue. The findings suggest that some or even all cases of Kawasaki's disease and infantile polyarteritis nodosa may be caused by Pseudomonas sepsis. It is also suggested that the vasculitis and paucity of inflammatory reaction in many cases of Pseudomonas sepsis might be related to the fact that many strains of Pseudomonas produce high-molecular weight levan (or another polysaccharide). This compound is known to inhibit the inflammatory reaction and to increase bacterial pathogenicity. PMID- 39043 TI - 43rd meeting of the Israel Physiological and Pharmacological Society. 24 December 1978, Haifa, abstracts of papers. PMID- 39044 TI - Annual meeting of the Israel Society for Parasitology, 16 April 1979, Jerusalem, abstracts of papers. PMID- 39045 TI - [Immunostimulation therapy in dermatology. Report on the Erlangen session 1978]. PMID- 39046 TI - [Osteomyelitis in the foot region]. PMID- 39047 TI - Functional properties of Hb Stanleyville II alpha 78 (EF 7) asparagine replaced by lysine. Effect of sodium chloride. PMID- 39048 TI - The effect of temperature on the fast hemoglobin test system. PMID- 39049 TI - The viewbox: Carcinoid. PMID- 39050 TI - Task force achieves key mental health amendments. PMID- 39051 TI - The new mental health code. PMID- 39052 TI - Arrhythmias in patients with heart disease during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. PMID- 39053 TI - Youth and chemical dependence. PMID- 39054 TI - Alcoholism and related psychiatric illnesses. PMID- 39055 TI - EKG of the month: "passive" junctional rhythm. PMID- 39056 TI - Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica-resembling organisms and Alteromonas putrefaciens from vacuum-packed chilled beef cuts. PMID- 39057 TI - The occurrence and survival of coliforms and salmonellas in apple juice and cider. PMID- 39058 TI - Fish species identification by thin layer isoelectric focusing. AB - Conventional electrophoretic techniques generally lack the resolution and reproducibility needed for the reliable identification of fish species. Variations in stabilizing media composition, sample application technique, separation time, applied voltage or current, and the analyst's skill all affect the protein pattern. Thin layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (TLIEF), a high resolution protein separation technique, has been applied to the identification of fish species. Sarcoplasmic proteins are separated according to their isoelectric points in a stable, reproducible pH gradient. Protein patterns for 12 species of fish are compared in 4.0% polyacrylamide gels with pH 4.0--6.0 and pH 3.5--10 gradients. Similar patterns are shown in commercially prepared 5.0% polyacrylamide gels with pH 4.0--6.5 and pH 3.5--9.5 gradients (LKB PAG plates). The protein patterns are reproducible in each pH gradient and also correlate well between user-prepared and commercially prepared gels. The inherent high resolution and excellent reproducibility of TLIEF should allow the positive identification of fish species without the costly procedure of using known species as standards. PMID- 39059 TI - Identification of species in cooked crabmeat by thin layer isoelectric focusing. AB - Thin layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing (TLIEF) is described for characterizing the species-specific, heat-denatured proteins of 8 species of crab: red (Geryon quinquedens), rock (Cancer irroratus), Jonah (Cancer borealis), blue (Callinectes sapidus), king (Paralithodes camtschatica), snow (Chionoectes spp.), European edible (Cancer pagurus), and dungeness (Cancer magister). Protein pattern differences are shown not only among species, but also between 2 modes of heat processing of the crabmeat. Individual variation within the species as to sex, size and maturity, length of frozen storage, and body parts chosen for sampling do not alter the species banding pattern. The reproducible species specific fingerprint obviates the need to analyze authenticated samples simultaneously with the unknown crabmeat. PMID- 39060 TI - Determination of virginiamycin in feeds. AB - Virginiamycin was extracted from the feed by ethanol-pH 2.5 phosphate buffer (1 + 1). The pH during extraction was adjusted (when necessary) to between 4 and 5. Sample dilutions and the standard dose response line were prepared to contain ethanol pH 6 phosphate buffer (2 + 8), and the test organism was Sarcina lutea. Three feeds (a poultry ration, a swine finishing ration, and a swine starter ration) showed virginiamycin recovery of 88.8--108.9% when standard solutions were added at concentrations of 4.54--90.8 g/ton. The coefficient of variation (4 -20%) was larger for low potency feeds (10 g/ton) compared to the higher feeds (100 g/ton). Similarly, excellent recovery was obtained when the swine starter feed was fortified by a commercial premix. Amprolium, roxarsone, and monensin can be present at 20 times the concentration of virginiamycin with little or no interference in the antibiotic determination. Lasalocid at 10 times the concentration of virginiamycin caused a slightly positive bias (recovery, 107.4%). PMID- 39061 TI - Induction of cellulolytic enzymes in Trichoderma reesei by sophorose. AB - Sophorose (2-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-D-glucose) induces carboxymethyl cellulase in Trichoderma reesei QM6a mycelium with 1.5 to 2 h. The induction response to sophorose concentration, although complicated by the metabolism of sophorose, shows saturation kinetics. Most of the cellulase appears after most of the sophorose has been taken up, but the presence of an inducer is required to maintain cellulase synthesis because enzyme production ceases after separation of the mycelium from the induction medium. Cellulase appears simultaneously in the medium and in the mycelium, and no appreciable levels accumulate in the mycelium. Response to pH suggest either that synthesis and secretion of the enzyme are closely associated or concurrent events affected by surface interactions with the medium. Effects of temperature and pH on cellulase induction by sophorose are similar to those reported for induction by cellulose. The kinetics of absorption by mycelium differs from that of other beta-linked saccharides and glucose, the uptake of sophorose being much slower. Under our cultural conditions, sophorose appears to induce an incomplete array of cellulase enzymes, as indicated by enzymatic and electrophoretic studies. PMID- 39062 TI - Isolation from soil and properties of the extreme thermophile Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. AB - Thirteen strains of a strict anaerobic, extreme thermophilic bacterium were isolated from soil samples of moderate temperature, from a sewage plant in Georgia, and from hot springs in Utah and Wyoming. They were identified as strains of Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. The guanosine + cytosine content (moles percent) was 37.6 (determined by buoyant density) and 34.1 (determined by melting temperature). All strains required a factor present in yeast extract or tryptone growth. Growth characteristics were as follows: a pH range of 5 to 9, with the optimum between 6.9 to 7.5, in a temperature range of 40 to 78 degrees C, with the optimum at 68 degrees C. The doubling time, when grown on glucose at temperature and pH optima, was 1.2 h. The main products of glucose fermentation were ethanol, lactate, acetate, CO2, and H2. The fermentation was inhibited by H2. Formation of spores occurred easily on glucose-agar medium or when cultures growing at temperatures above 65 degrees C were allowed to cool to temperature below 55 degrees C. C. thermohydrosulfuricum occurs widely distributed in the natural environment. PMID- 39063 TI - Mayo Seminars in Psychiatry: dopamine and schizophrenia--a review. AB - Considerable evidence exists linking dopamine with schizophrenia. Other neurotransmitters including acetylcholine, serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are also being implicated. Neurotransmitters act via receptors on brain cells and evidence suggests that antipsychotic drugs exert their therapeutic actions and produce side effects by receptor blockade. PMID- 39064 TI - Kinetics of hydrolysis of phenylthiazolones of arginine, homoarginine, norarginine, and canaavanine by trypsin. AB - Phenylthiazolones (PTAs) of arginine and its homologs and analogs, homoarginine, norarginine (alpha-amino-gamma-guanidinobutyric acid), canavanine, and gamma hydroxyarginine, were prepared. A steady-state kinetic analysis of the trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4]-catalyzed hydrolysis reactions was carried out and the kinetic parameters for these internal thioesters were compared with those for normal linear ester substrates. PTA-gamma-hydroxyarginine was so labile that hydrolysis by the enzyme could not be followed. PTA-arginine has a specificity constant (Kcat/Km) comparable to that for the Nalpha-unblocked arginine ester substrate, though the value is about 0.1% of that for a specific ester substrate, Nalpha tosylarginine methyl ester. PTA derivatives of canavanine and homoarginine were hydrolyzed with Kcat/Km walues of the same order of magnitude as that for PTA arginine. However, PTA-noraginine was much less susceptible to tryptic hydrolysis that PTA-homoarginine, while the linear esters of norarginine are known to be more susceptible than those of homoarginine. PMID- 39065 TI - Differences between the reactivities of two pyridine nucleotides in the rapid reduction process and the reoxidation process of adrenodoxin reductase. AB - The reaction process of adrenodoxin reductase with NADPH and NADH were investigated. The appearance of new intermediate with a broad absorption band at around 520 nm has been detected by rapid-scan stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Although the formation of this intermediate is more rapid with NADPH than with NADH, the rates of the subsequent decay to the fully reduced state are almost identical (Kobs values were 20.5 and 16.0s-1). These results indicate that the new intermediate is the complex formed between the oxidized enzyme and reduced pyridine nucleotide (enzyme-substrate complex), and that subsequent decay of the intermidiate is caused by a two-electron transfer process from the reduced pyridine nucleotide to the enzyme flavin. On the other hand, spectral and kinetic properties in the steady state of the reoxidation reaction of the enzyme reduced with NADPH and NADH were somewhat different. The rate of reoxidation of the enzyme under aerobic conditions from the reduced state to the oxidized state was 6.5 times faster when a 10-fold molar excess of NADH was used than when NADPH of the same concentration was used. This result is consistent with the fact that the NADH-dependent oxidase activity was 6.4 times greater than that dependent on NADPH. During reoxidation of the reduced enzyme under aerobic conditions in the presence of an excess of NADPH or NADH, the EPR spectra indicated the formation of the flavin semiquinone radical species. Similarly, the formation of semiquinone was observed in the absorption spectrum with either NADPH or NADH under the same conditions as in the EPR measurement. The intensity of the semiquinone signal on EPR was considerably smaller with NADH than with NADPH. These results suggest that NADP+ complex with the enzyme semiquinone protects the radical from oxidation by oxygen to a greater extent than NAD+, and consequently the semiquinone is easier to detect with NADPH than with NADH. PMID- 39066 TI - Extrusion of sodium ions energized by respiration and glycolysis in Escherichia coli. AB - Extrusion of sodium ion from cells of Escherichia coli was measured using an Na+ electrode. When oxygen was supplied to an anaerobic cell suspension, extrusion of Na+ was observed. The addition of glucose under anaerobic conditions also caused Na+ efflux. The extrusion of Na+ energized by respiration and glycolysis was completely inhibited by a proton conductor, carbonyl cyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone. These observations are consistent with the view that Na+ transport occurs secondarily to H+ circulation. Interestgly, induction of the melibiose transport system, which is coupled to Na+, greatly enhanced Na+ transport activity. PMID- 39067 TI - Conformational stability of ribonuclease T1. I. Thermal denaturation and effects of salts. AB - The thermal transition of RNase T1 was studied by two different methods; tryptophan residue fluorescence and circular dichroism. The fluorescence measurements provide information about the environment of the indole group and CD measurements on the gross conformation of the polypeptide chain. Both measurements at pH 5 gave the same transition temperature of 56 degrees C and the same thermodynamic quantities, delta Htr (= 120 kcal/mol) and delta Str (= 360 eu/mol), for the transition from the native state to the thermally denatured state, indicating simultaneous melting of the whole molecule including the hydrophobic region where the tryptophan residue is buried. Stabilization by salts was observed in the pH range from 2 to 10, since the presence of 0.5 m NaCL caused an increase of about 5 degrees C to 10 degrees C in the transition temperature, depending on the pH. The fluorescence measurements on the RNase T1 complexed with 2'-GMP showed a transition with delta Htr =167 kcal/mol and delta Str =497 eu/mol at a transition temperature about 6 degrees C higher than that for the free enzyme. The large value of delta Htr for RNase T1 indicates the highly cooperative nature of the thermal transition; this value is much higher than those of other globular proteins. Analysis of the CD spectrum of thermally denatured RNase T1 suggests that the denatured state is not completely random but retains some ordered structures. PMID- 39068 TI - Magnesium-sensitive guanylate cyclase and its endogenous activating factor in Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Guanylate cyclase [EC 4.6.1.2] activity in Tetrahymena pyriformis cells was associated with particulate fractions, but not with soluble fractions. Mg2+ was much more effective than Mn2+ in activating the cyclase activity. Both specific and total cyclase activities with Mg2+ in the particulate fraction were very much lower than those in the original homogenate. The addition of the soluble fraction resulted in a marked enhancement of the particulate-bound cyclase activity, while the adenylate cyclase [EC 4.6.1.1] activity was not enhanced. The enhancement was dependent on Ca2+, and the activating factor is suggested to be a protein. PMID- 39069 TI - Purification and some properties of two NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenases from an obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium, Vibrio sp., strain ABE-1. AB - Two isozymes of NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase [ICDH; EC 1.1.1.42] were confirmed to be present in an obligately psychrophilic marine bacterium, Vibrio sp., strain ABE-1, on the basis of the temperature-activity curve and electrophoretic mobilities. These isozymes were separated and purified about 170 fold for isozyme I (specific activity at 40 degrees C, 24.3 units/mg protein) and about 180-fold for isozyme II (specific activity at 20 degrees C, 59.2 units/mg protein), though the isozymes were still not homogeneous. The molecular weights of these isozymes determined by gel filtration were both about 85,000, but the properties of the isozymes were considerably different from each other. The thermostability of isozyme I resembled those of mesophiles, but isozyme II was extremely labile above 20 degrees C. NaCl affected the ICDH isozymes in different ways; the salt protected isozyme I from heat inactivation, but not isozyme II. Nevertheless it enormously enhanced the activity of isozyme II at low concentrations. Moreover, these ICDH isozymes showed different pH optima, Km values for isocitrate, susceptibilities to concerted inhibition by glyoxylate plus oxalacetate, and effects of 2-mercaptoethanol on their stabilities. PMID- 39070 TI - Effect of dietary protein content on the activity of rat liver asparagine synthetase. AB - The activity of rat liver asparagine synthetase [EC 6.3.1.1]increased when animals maintained on 25% protein diet were placed on 15% or 6% protein diet. The enzyme activity level rose within one day, reached a maximum in 7 or 10 days after switching the diet and thereafter dropped gradually. During the purification of the enzyme from rats on 25% or 6% protein diet, the yield and increase of the specific activity were similar in the two groups. Combination of the liver extracts from two such groups demonstrated that the amount of endogeneous inhibitors of the enzyme did not change on replacing the diet. The elevation of the enzyme activity in rats fed 6% casein diet was suppressed by an injection of cycloheximide or actinomycin D. It is suggested that the change in the enzyme activity was due to alteration of the amount of the enzyme. PMID- 39071 TI - Cross-linking with diimidates of glutamine synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - Glutamine synthetase [EC 6.3.2.1] from Bacillus stearothermophilus was modified with diethyl malonimidate (DEM), dimethyl adipimidate (DMA), and dimethyl suberimidate (DMS). DMA modified most epsilon-amino groups. On modification with DMA, formation of 3 to 4 cross-links/subunit resulted in a large increase in thermostability. The activity, allosteric properties and fluorescence spectrum of the enzyme were not changed on cross-linking. The SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic profiles of DEM-, DMA-, and DMS-modified enzymes suggested that the interaction berween six subunits in each of the two hexagonal rings of the protein are heterologous and are different from those between the piled subunits on different rings. PMID- 39072 TI - Lysosomal triacylglycerol lipase and lipolysis in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 39073 TI - The oxidation-reduction potentials of compound I/compound II and compound II/ferric couples of horseradish peroxidases A2 and C. AB - The reversibility of the stepwise reduction of Compound I to the ferric state via Compound II was confirmed in horseradish peroxidases A2 and C. The values of E'o (compound I/Compound II) and E'O (Compound II/ferric) were measured from equilibrium data coupled with the K2IrCl6-K3IrCl6 system in a narrow region of pH near 6.3. The ferric enzymes were also oxidized by ferricyanide to Compound II at alkaline pH and the values of E'O (Compound II/ferric) were measured from the equilibrium data. The pH dependence of E'O (Compound II/ferric) was in accord with the equation: E'O = EO + 0.058 log (Kr[H+] + [H+]2)/(KO + [H+]), where Kr and KO are proton dissociation constants in the ferric enzyme and Compound II, respectively. The pH-E'O (Compound I/Compound II) curves were likewise obtained from the equation, E'O = EO + 0.058 log (Kr + [H+]), where Kr is the proton dissociation constant in Compound II. The forward and backward rate constants were measured in each of one-electron transfer reactions of the peroxidases with the K2IrCl6-K3IrCl6 system at various pH values. The E'O values calculated on the assumption that the ratio of the rate constants equals the equilibrium constant were compared with those obtained from the equilibrium data. PMID- 39074 TI - Reduction of disulfides by thioredoxin. Exceptional reactivity of insulin and suggested functions of thioredoxin in mechanism of hormone action. PMID- 39075 TI - Abstract of the 2nd annual meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics held in Ann Arbor, Michigan, 26--27 October, 1978. PMID- 39076 TI - British Orthopaedic Research Society. Autumn meeting, Bradford, England, November 10, 1978. PMID- 39077 TI - Metabolic complications of acute arterial occlusions. AB - Metabolic complications secondary to acute arterial occlusions occurred in 7.5% of our cases. It is pointed out that the characteristic biochemical changes: 1) may already be detectable during the ischemic phase, and 2) are more pronounced after revascularization of the extremity. Their identification at the early stage is essential for preventing the serious outcome of the late stage. Amputation rates are quite high (40-50%) and mortality rates are similarly great (30-80%). The ischemic rhabdomyolysis which leads to the clinical and manifestations and biochemical alterations is the initiating pathogenic factor of this syndrome. Prophylaxis and management of these complications were reviewed. PMID- 39078 TI - The International Cardiovascular Society. North American Chapter. 26th Scientific Meeting, Los Angeles, California, June 23 and 24, 1978. PMID- 39079 TI - Freeze-fracture studies of frog neuromuscular junctions during intense release of neurotransmitter. I. Effects of black widow spider venom and Ca2+-free solutions on the structure of the active zone. AB - Black widow spider venom (BWSV) was applied to frog nerve-muscle preparations bathed in Ca2+-containing, or Ca2+-free, solutions and the neuromuscular junctions were studied by the freeze-fracture technique. When BWSV was applied for short periods (10-15 min) in the presence of Ca2+, numerous dimples (P face) or protuberances (E face) appeared on the presynaptive membrane and approximately 86% were located immediately adjacent to the double rows of large intramembrane particles that line the active zones. When BWSV was applied for 1 h in the presence of Ca2+, the nerve terminals were depleted of vesicles, few dimples or protuberances were seen, and the active zones were almost completely disorganized. The P face of the presynaptic membrane still contained large intramembrane particles. When muscles were soaked for 2-3 h in Ca2+-free solutions, the active zones became disorganized, and isolated remnants of the double rows of particles were found scattered over the P face of the presynaptic membrane. When BWSV was applied to these preparations, dimples or protuberances occurred almost exclusively alongside disorganized active zones or alongside dispersed fragments of the active zones. The loss of synaptic vesicles from terminals treated with BWSV probably occurs because BWSV interferes with the endocytosis of vesicle membrane. Therefore, we assume that the dimples or protuberances seen on these terminals identify the sites of exocytosis, and we conclude that exocytosis can occur mostly in the immediate vicinity of the large intramembrane particles. Extracellular Ca2+ seems to be required to maintain the grouping of the large particles into double rows at the active zones, but is not required for these particles to specify the sites of exocytosis. PMID- 39080 TI - Freeze-fracture studies of frog neuromuscular junctions during intense release of neurotransmitter. II. Effects of electrical stimulation and high potassium. AB - Frog cutaneous pectoris nerve muscle preparations were studied by the freeze fracture technique under the following conditions: (a) during repetitive indirect stimulation for 20 min, 10/s; (b) during recovery from this stimulation; and (c) during treatment with 20 mM K+. Indirect stimulation causes numerous dimples or protuberances to appear on the presynaptic membrane of nerve terminal, and most are located near the active zones. Deep infoldings of the axolemma often develop between the active zones. Neither the number nor the distribution of dimples, protuberances, of infoldings changes markedly during the first minute of recovery. The number of dimples, protuberances, and infoldings is greatly reduced after 10 min of recovery. Since endocytosis proceeds vigorously during the recovery periods, we conclude that endocytosis occurs mostly at the active zones, close to the sites of exocytosis. 20 mM K+ also causes many dimples or protuberances to appear on the axolemma of the nerve terminal but they are distributed almost uniformly along the presynaptic membrane. Experiments with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) show that recycling of synaptic vesicles occurs in 20 mM K+. This recycling is not accompanied by changes in the number of coated vesicles. Since both exocytosis and endocytosis occur in 20 mM K+, it is difficult to account for this unique distribution. However, we suggest that K+ causes dimples or protuberances to appear between the active zones because it activates latent sites of exocytosis specified by small numbers of large intramembrane particles located between active zones. The activation of latent release sites may be related to the complex effects that K+ has on the quantal release of neurotransmitter. PMID- 39081 TI - Rapid isolation of metaphase chromosomes containing high molecular weight DNA. AB - Metaphase chromosomes with high molecular weight DNA were isolated from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in a neutral buffer containing polyamines and chelators. The individual, unfixed chromosomes retained their centromeric and secondary constrictions, distinct sister chromatids, and complex banding patterns. The DNA from these chromosomes was 100-fold larger (2 x 10(8) daltons) than DNA from chromosomes isolated by other procedures. These characteristics indicate preservation during isolation of considerable native structure. In contrast to chromosomes produced by other methods, these chromosomes were stable in storage and did not aggregate, thus providing useful material for studies of the structure and biochemistry of individual chromosomes. PMID- 39082 TI - Electrically mediated fast polyspermy block in eggs of the marine worm, Urechis caupo. AB - Previous work has established that the polyspermy block in Urechis acts at the level of sperm-egg membrane fusion. (J. Exp. Zool. 196:105). Present results indicate that during the first 5--10 min after insemination the block is mediated by a positive shift in membrane potential (the fertilization potential) elicited by the penetrating sperm, since holding the membrane potential of the unfertilized egg positive by passing current reduces the probability of sperm entry, while progressively reducing the amplitude of the fertilization potential by decreasing external Na+ progressively enhances multiple sperm penetrations. Also, a normal fertilization potential is correlated with a polyspermy block even under conditions (pH 7) in which eggs do not develop. We have investigated the mechanism of the electrical polyspermy block by quantifying the relationship between sperm incorporation, membrane potential and ion fluxes. Results indicate that the polyspermy block is mediated by the electrial change per se and not by the associated fluxes of Na+, Ca++, and H+. PMID- 39083 TI - Renal regulation of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis in the salt losing syndrome of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (SL-CAH). ECF volume: a compensating factor in aldosterone deficiency. PMID- 39084 TI - Immunological studies of subacute measles encephalitis in ferrets: similarities to human subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - Ferrets inoculated with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus strains D.R. and Biken developed a subacute encephalitis. Brain extracts, at neutral pH, from these ferrets showed high measles antibody titers, increased concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG), and higher IgG/albumin ratios than those of controls. Although the brain extracts of subacute encephalitic animals showed significant synthesis of measles-specific IgG (20 to 60% of the total IgG) within the central nervous system, the electrophoretic patterns of these extracts did not show oligoclonal bands in the gamma-globulin region. Brain residues from most ferrets with subacute encephalitis, when eluted at low pH, demonstrated the presence of bound measles-specific antibodies. Excluding the electrophoresis data, other results are identical to those seen in human subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, indicating that the subacute encephalitis in ferrets may serve as a model for human subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 39085 TI - Development of dengue virus plaques under serum-free overlay medium. AB - An improved plaque assay for dengue virus was developed utilizing baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells initially grown in shaker culture. Different media preparations were tested for uniform and fast formation of BHK-21 cell sheets. Several overlay formulas were tested to develop a rapid plaque assay in 6- and 24 well plastic plates. The best results were obtained utilizing Eagle minimal essential medium (pH 7.2 to 7.4) supplemented with 1 mg of NaHCO3 per ml and 5% newborn calf serum for the formation of cell monolayers after 8 to 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C. Serum-free Eagle minimal essential medium supplemented with 1% methylcellulose and buffered with 10 mM N-2-hydroxyethyl piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (pH 7.4 to 7.6) was used as an overlay medium. This system allowed for plaque formation after 3 days of incubation of dengue type 2 virus and after 4 days for dengue type 1 and 4 viruses. PMID- 39086 TI - Development of a chemically defined liquid medium for growth of Legionella pneumophila. AB - A chemically defined liquid medium has been developed for the study of the physiology and antigen production of the Legionnaires disease bacterium. The medium contains basal salts, vitamins, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, pyruvate, 0.05% l cysteine, 0.05% glutathione, and a mixture of 20 additional amino acids, each of 0.01% final concentration, except serine, which was at 0.1%. The medium in shake culture at 37 degrees C with increased CO2 at pH 6.5, supports the maximum rate of growth, the highest cell yields, and the maximum cell surface antigen as distinguished by specific fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibody. Studies during the development of this medium showed that CO2, pyruvate, and alpha ketoglutarate strongly stimulated growth; that cysteine and methionine were required for growth; and that serine, threonine, histidine, tyrosine, and tryptophane were energy sources. Glutathione substituted for cysteine, but cystine did not. The organisms did not use glucose and polysaccharides, as judged by cell yields when these carbohydrates were present or absent. The chelators malate, citrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid totally inhibited growth. Beta-mercaptoethanol, thioglycolate, dithiothreitol, and Tween 80 (0.05%) inhibited growth strongly or completely. Catalase activity was extremely weak or absent. Morphology varied, depending upon conditions and phases of growth. In general, filamentous forms became chains of cigar-shaped bacilli fragmenting to pairs and becoming coccoidal in the late stationary pha-e of growth. The organism grew at 25, 30, and 37 degrees C. Although they varied in their growth characteristics, 10 isolates were passed for five transfers in the chemically defined broth, giving maximum rates of growth, cell yields, and antigen production. PMID- 39087 TI - Improved procedure for transport of dental plaque samples and other clinical specimens containing anaerobic bacteria. AB - An improved transport system for samples containing anaerobic bacteria was developed. This system increased the recovery rate of anaerobic bacteria up to 28.8% as compared to a commonly used method. PMID- 39088 TI - Proteolytic enzymes and plasminogen activator in melanoma. AB - Proteolytic activities were measured in extracts of human skin melanoma, lymphatic metastasis and in nonmalignant naevi by using various proteinase substrates as well as plasminogen activator assay. pH-optima for hydrolysis of various proteinase substrates by these tumors were found to be essentially the same as in healthy human skin. Melanoma extracts were found to especially readily hydrolyze N-alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine beta-naphthylamine (BANA) at pH 5.8 in the presence of 1 mmol/l dithiothreitol and EDTA (cathepsin B1-like enzyme) as well as histones and p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME) at pH 7.5, and showed increased capacity to activate plasminogen when compared to nonmalignant naevus. The possible role of proteinases in malignant melanoma is discussed. PMID- 39089 TI - Relaxation of bovine coronary artery and activation of coronary arterial guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide, nitroprusside and a carcinogenic nitrosoamine. AB - The principal objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that nitroprusside relaxes vascular smooth muscle via the reactive intermediate, nitric oxide (NO), and that the biologic action of NO is associated with the activation of guanylate cyclase. Nitroprusside, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and NO elicit concentration-dependent relaxation of precontraced helical strips of bovine coronary artery. Nitroprusside, MNNG and NO also markedly activate soluble guanylate cyclase from bovine coronary arterial smooth muscle and, thereby, stimulate the formation of cyclic GMP. Three heme proteins, hemoglobin, methemoglobin and myoglobin, and the oxidant, methylene blue, abolish the coronary arterial relaxation elicited by NO. Similarly, these heme proteins, methylene blue and another oxidant, ferricyanide, markedly inhibit the activation of coronary arterial guanylate cyclase by NO, nitroprusside and MNNG. The following findings support the view that certain nitroso-containing compounds liberate NO in tissue:heme proteins, which cannot permeate cells, inhibit coronary arterial relaxation elicited by NO, but not by nitroprusside or MNNG; the vital stain, methylene blue, inhibits relaxation by NO, nitroprusside and MNNG; heme proteins and oxidants inhibit guanylate cyclase activation by NO, nitroprusside and MNNG in cell-free mixtures. The findings that inhibitors of NO induced relaxation of coronary artery also inhibit coronary arterial guanylate cyclase activation suggest that cyclic GMP formation may be associated with coronary arterial smooth muscle relaxation. PMID- 39090 TI - Program seventy-fourth annual meeting of the American Dairy Science Association, Utah State University, Logan, Utah June 24-27, 1979 [abstracts]. PMID- 39091 TI - The use of systematic desensitization in the dental treatment of a mentally retarded adolescent. PMID- 39092 TI - Forces affecting dental education. Speeches from the 1979 annual session of the American Association of Dental Schools. PMID- 39093 TI - [The action of Buphenin on uteroplacental haemodynamics (author's transl)]. AB - The action of buphenin, a uterine relaxant from the group of adrenergic beta mimetics, was examined on the blood pools of placenta, myometrium and heart, in 10 pregnant women. The method consisted of an i.v. injection of the radioisotope 113m-Indium and of registering the blood pools by external measurement of the gamma-activity. buphenin caused an increase in placental and myometrial blood pools with a corresponding decrease in cardiac blood pool. These changes were observed in all the cases examined and occurred whether the uterus had previously been inactive or in labour. The changes in blood pool were dependent on the dose of buphenin administered but there was no relationship apparent between the degree of pool changes and severity of pregnancy complication prevailing. PMID- 39097 TI - Ultrastructural localization of D-amino acid oxidase in microperoxisomes of the rat nervous system. AB - A recently developed procedure for the localization of D-amino acid oxidase (D AAO) has been used to investigate the distribution of this enzyme in rat nervous tissue. Initial studies were carried out on kidney to validate the methods. The cytochemically demonstrable enzyme in kidney is inhibited by kojic acid, a known competitive D-AAO inhibitor. Omission of the catalse inhibitor, aminotriazole, from the cytochemical medium produces a marked diminution of D-AAO reaction product in kidney peroxisomes. This would be expected if catalase and D-AAO are present in the same particles. In brain, kojic acid-inhibitable D-AAO is demonstrable in numerous bodies within astrocytes especially in the cerebellum, a brain region known from biochemistry to contain particularly high levels of the oxidase. In preparations incubated for catalase, far fewer positive bodies are seen in the cerebellum. Moreover, omission of aminotriazole has little evident effect on the D-AAO reaction. Thus, the oxidase-containing cerebellar bodies may be relatively poor in catalse. In contrast, several nervous system cell types that contain relatively numerous catalase-positive bodies, contain none with detectable D-AAO. Such heterogeneity of peroxisome enzyme content is in accord with reports from biochemical studies of brain. PMID- 39098 TI - Distribution of two aminotransferases and D-amino acid oxidase within the nephron of young and adult rats. AB - In the adult rat kidney, alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2), aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) and D-amino acid oxidase (EC 1.4.3.3) were measured in glomeruli, 4 parts of the proximal tubule, 2 parts of the distal tubule and in patches from the thin limb area and the papilla. These enzymes were measured in more limited parts of the nephron during postnatal development. Adult aspartate aminotransferase activities (percentage of the highest) ranged from 100 in the distal straight segment to 25 in the late part of the proximal straight segment to 10 in the thin limb and papillary area. Alanine aminotransferase (lower by a factor of 100 in absolute terms) was distributed as the mirror image of aspartate aminotransferase within proximal and distal tubules. D-Amino acid oxidase was 850 fold higher in proximal straight segments than in medullary structures. During development alanine aminotransferase increased 6-fold and D-amino acid oxidase, 4.5-fold in proximal straight tubules but aspartate aminotransferase increased in distal straight tubles 8-fold. PMID- 39099 TI - Distribution of glutamine synthetase in the rat central nervous system. AB - The results of a light microscopic immunohistochemical study of glutamine synthetase in rat nervous system are presented. In all sites studied the enzyme was confined to astrocytes. Except for trace amounts in ependymal cells, the enzyme was not observed in other cells of the nervous system including neurons, choroid plexus, third ventricular tanycytes, subependymal cells and mesodermally derived elements. The intensity of astrocyte staining varied in different regions with the greatest degree noted in the hippocampus and cerebellar cortex while the least was noted in brain stem, deep cerebellar nuclei and spinal cord. The glutamine synthetase content correlated well with sites of suspected glutamergic activity in keeping with the view of a critical role of astrocytes in the regulation of the putative neurotransmitter glutamic acid. PMID- 39100 TI - Cytochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase and Na+-pump sites in adult rat colon. AB - The cellular and subcellular locialization of alkaline and K+-dependent phosphatase activities in the colonic mucosa of adult rats and rabbits was studied with the electron microscope. The 1-cysteine-sensitive alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in the brush border membrane of the chief cells. The contraluminal plasma membrane of chief cells was devoid of this enzyme activity. In contrast, the cardiac glycoside-sensitive K+-dependent phosphatase was predominantly localized in this region of the cheif cells. PMID- 39101 TI - Adoptive immunotherapy of leukemia in the rat, without graft-VS-host complications. AB - PVG rats bearing a transplantable T cell leukemia were treated with large inocula of lymphoid cells from AUG rats sensitized either against the leukemia or against PVG lymphocytes. AUG and PVG bear identical Ag-B antigens but differ at minor loci, including the Pta loci, which code for differentiation antigens expressed only on peripheral T lymphocytes. Treatment with AUG cells immune to either the PVG leukemia or normal PVG cells resulted in prolonged survival of leukemic rats, a profound but ephemeral leukopenia and prolonged disappearance of leukemic cells from lymphoid tissue. All treated animals, however, eventually died with large, discrete deposits of leukemic cells in both hard and soft tissues. Despite the deliberate mismatching of host and donor cells for minor transplanation antigens, no evidence of GVH symptoms was observed in treated rats. This was interpreted as a result of directing the adoptive immune response to antigens of restricted distribution, i.e., on leukocytes and not on somatic cells. PMID- 39102 TI - Polyglutaraldehyde: a new reagent for coupling proteins to microspheres and for labeling cell-surface receptions. II. Simplified labeling method by means of non magnetic and magnetic polyglutaraldehyde microspheres. AB - Procedures were developed for the synthesis of a new immunoreagent in form of polyglutaraldehyde (PGL) microspheres in sizes ranging from about 50 nm to 1.5 micron. Addition of fluorochromes during synthesis yielded microspheres of high fluorescence intensity. By carrying out the polymerization of glutaraldehyde in presence of iron oxide, magnetic PGL microspheres were produced. Antibody conjugates obtained by interaction of PGL microspheres with immunoglobulins were used to label human red blood cells (RBC) and lymphocytes. A simple method for the separation of magnetically labeled human RBC from unlabeled cells was demonstrated. PMID- 39103 TI - Summary of a workshop on infections in patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 39104 TI - [Aortitis syndrome (Takayasu's arteritis): clinical report of sixty cases with angiographical studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 39105 TI - Production of maximally acid urine by the isolated dog kidney. AB - The isolated kidney has not been reported to acidify urine maximally. To study this defect, kidneys from dogs fed NH4Cl were perfused with autologous blood. Perfusate pH was 7.20 +/- 0.03 [HCO3] was 14 +/- 1 mEq/L, and urine pH was abnormally high, 6.60 +/- 0.08. When corrected for difference in GFR, UNH4+V was similar to that seen in vivo, but UTAV and UNet H+V were low. FEHCO3- was 2.3% +/ 0.8% and HCO3- excretion persisted to a small degree at perfusate [HCO3-] of 8 to 9 mEq/L. In response to HCO3- infusions, large increases in excretion were not seen until perfusate values were over 24 to 26 mEq/L. HCO3- Tmax was 2.94 +/- 0.07 mEq/dl of glomerular filtrate. The isolated kidney failed to raise U-B PCO2 with HCO3- infusion secondary to low urine [HCO3-] and [Pi]. During perfusion in another group of kidneys from dogs fed NH4Cl and given DOC, perfusate pH and [HCO3-] were similar to those in the first group. Urine pH was also inappropriately high, 7.12 +/- 0.09, and there was no UNet H+V. In response to Na2SO4 infusion, urinary pH fell to 5.00 +/- 0.27. Log10UUAV was correlated to urine pH during the control perfusions in both groups and after Na2SO4 in the NH4Cl + DOC group. Thus production of a low urine pH in the isolated kidney may be mediated by changes in transtubular potential difference resulting from increased distal nephron delivery of Na+ and nonabsorbable anion. The defect in acidification is similar to that observed in incomplete forms of clinical type 1 (distal) renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 39106 TI - Depletion of red cell ATP by incubation with 2-deoxyglucose. AB - In order to devise a more physiologic system for measuring depletion of red cell ATP levels, the effect of incubating human erythrocytes with 2-deoxyglucose has been investigated. ATP depletion proceeds very slowly at a 20 mM concentration of 2-deoxyglucose, a level which exceeds the Km of hexokinase for this substrate by more than 10-fold. However, at 160 mM concentration of 2-deoxyglucose, ATP depletion proceeds sufficiently rapidly that nearly 90% of ATP has disappeared from the red cell after 2 1/2 hr of incubation. To explain this observation, a number of additional studies were carried out. It was found that 2-deoxyglucose penetrated rapidly into red cells. Phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose in red cells was inhibited by both products of the 2-deoxyglucose-phosphorylating reaction, namely, 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate and ADP. Inhibition of 2-deoxyglucose phosphorylation was diminished at higher-than-physiologic pH levels. Red cells may be relatively rapidly depleted of ATP by incubation with 100 mM 2 deoxyglucose in a saline-phosphate-buffered medium, pH 7.8. In such rapidly depleted cells, the morphologic changes which formerly were attributed to ATP depletion do not occur. PMID- 39107 TI - The fate of fetal and adult B-cell progenitors grafted into immunodeficient CBA/N mice. AB - The relative ability of various precursors to generate functional B cells in vivo was assessed by transferring normal, chromosomally-marked CBA/H-T6T6 cells to irradiated or unirradiated immunodeficient CBA/N mice. Emergence of donor-derived B cells was monitored by means of a B-cell cloning assay (in which CBA/N cells are inactive), and by karyotpic analysis of lymphoid, myeloid, and stem cell metaphases. Grafts of lymph node, spleen, anti-mu surface immunoglobin suppressed bone marrow, sIg+ cell-depleted marrow, normal marrow, fetal liver, and yolk sac suggest: (a) there is little self-renewal of sIg+ B cells in these models; (b) pre-committed cells have extensive proliferative/differentiative potential and at least initially contribute most of the newly-formed B cells; (c) populations or pre-B cells obtained from various sources differ in their regenerative ability; (d) CBA/N mice are deficient in a category of pre-B cells which are found in fetal liver; and (e) selective B-cell chimerism results from grafting of unirradiated CBA/N mice. PMID- 39109 TI - Primary affective disorders. AB - This paper reviews the diagnosis and medical treatment of the major affective disorders. Patients with severe mood disturbances are frequently seen by the family physician. The diagnosis may be delayed since the patient may focus predominantly on somatic concerns which may mimic physical illness. The characteristics, course, and differential diagnosis of depression and mania are discussed. Antidepressants and lithium therapy greatly improve the prognosis of these disorders; monoamine oxidase inhibitors and neuroleptics are indicated for special subtypes of depression. Dosage schedules, interactional effects, adverse and toxic effects are reviewed for tricyclic antidepressants and lithium. PMID- 39108 TI - Generation of anti-type III pneumococcal polysaccharide hybridomas from mice with an X-linked B-lymphocyte defect. AB - (CBA/N X BALB/c male)F1 mice bear on X-linked defect making them totally unresponsive to T-independent (TI), TI-2 antigens such as type III pneumococcal polysaccharide (SSS-III). We found that somatic cell hybrids between CB nonresponder spleen cells and NS1 plasmacytoma cells secreted antibody specific for SSS-III. The solid-phase binding of such antibody was completely inhibited by the addition of free antigen (SSS-III) and the amount of antibody detected in culture fluids ranged from 10 ng/ml to 10 micrograms/ml. Eight hybridoma clones were identified; all make antibody of the IgM class. These results indicate that the X-linked defect does not result in a deletion of a B-cell subset which responds to TI-2 antigens. PMID- 39110 TI - Physical restraints or rapid neuroleptization? PMID- 39111 TI - Comparison of ionic selectivity of batrachotoxin-activated channels with different tetrodotoxin dissociation constants. AB - The purpose of these experiments is to test whether the differences between normal and tetrodotoxin-resistant Na+ channels reside in the selectivity filter. To do this, we have compared the selectivity of batrachotoxin-activated channels for alkali cations, organic cations, and nonelectrolytes in two neuroblastoma clonal cell lines: N18, which has normal tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitivity, and C9, which is relatively TTX-resistant. We have also studied the effect of H+ on Na+ permeability and on the interaction between TTX and its receptor site in both cell lines. There is no qualitative difference between the two cell lines in any of these properties. In both cell lines the batrachotoxin-activated Na+ channels have a selectivity sequence of Tl+ greater than Na+ greater than K+, guanidinium greater than Rb+ greater than Cs+, methylamine. Also, in both cell lines H+ blocks Na+ channels with a pKa of 5.5 and inhibits the action of TTX with the same pKa. These observations indicate that the selectivity filters of the Na+ channels in C9 and N18 do not differ significantly despite the 100-fold difference in TTX-affinity. Our selectivity studies of batrachotoxin-activated Na+ channels for both cell lines suggest that these toxin-activated Na+ channels have a limiting pore size of 3.8 x 6.0 A, as compared to a pore size of 3.0 x 5.0 A for potential-activated Na+ channels. PMID- 39112 TI - Gustatory responses of eel palatine receptors to amino acids and carboxylic acids. AB - The gustatory receptors of the eel palate were found to be extremely sensitive to amino acids and carboxylic acids. The results obtained are as follows: (a) 11 amino acids which are among naturally occurring amino acids elicited responses in the palatine nerve, but 9 amino acids did not elicit a response even at a high concentration. The effect of D-amino acids was always much less than that of their corresponding L-isomers. There was no appreciable difference in the effectiveness of an alpha-amino acid (alpha-alanine) and beta-amino acid (beta alanine). (b) The threshold concentrations of the most potent amino acids (arginine, glycine) were between 10(-8) and 10(-9) M. A linear relation between the magnitude of the response and log stimulus concentration held for a wide concentration range for all the amino acids examined. (c) The palatine receptors responded sensitively to various carboxylic acid solutions whose pH was adjusted to neutral. The threshold concentrations varied between 10(-4) and 10(-7) M. The magnitude of the response at 10(-2) M increased with an increase of carbon chain length. (d) The extent of cross-adaptation was examined with various combinations of amino acids. A variety of the response patterns showing complete cross adaptation, no cross-adaptation, or synergetic interaction was observed. The synergetic interaction was also observed when one amino acid below its threshold concentration was added to the other amino acid below its threshold concentration was added to the other amino acid. No cross-adaptation was observed between amino acids and fatty acids. (e) The treatment of the palate with papain led to loss of the responses to arginine, glycine, and histidine without affecting those to proline and acetic acid. The treatment with pronase E eliminated selectively the response to proline. The possibility that the eel gustatory receptors are responsible for sensing food at a distance was discussed. PMID- 39113 TI - Glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase activities during growth and sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Glutamine synthetase in Bacillus subtilis 168 was repressed to a greater extent by L-glutamine or L-arginine than by ammonia when each was used as sole nitrogen source. It was derepressed when either L-glutamate or nitrate was used as nitrogen source. Glutamate synthase was repressed by L-glutamate or L-arginine and, to a lesser extent, by L-glutamine but was derepressed during growth with ammonia or nitrate. Glutamine synthetase activity was unaltered during the onset of sporulation. Glutamate synthase activity, however, underwent a small and apparently transient increase in bacteria induced to sporulate by nitrogen limitation. PMID- 39114 TI - The effects of temperature and pH variations on plaque production by different virulence types of myxoma virus. AB - Eight 'strains' of myxoma virus, spanning the complete spectrum of virulence, were tested for ability to produce plaques on rabbit kidney cells at varying temperatures and pH values. A positive correlation was found between virulence in rabbits and ability to produce plaques at supra-optimal temperature and at low pH. PMID- 39115 TI - Rotavirus stability and inactivation. AB - The stability of the infectivity of Simian rotavirus, SA11, has been analysed and compared to the stability of reovirus type 1. SA11 infectivity was stable to freeze-thawing, sonication, incubation at 25 degrees C overnight or at 37 degrees C for 1 h and to treatment with acid, ether, chloroform and Genetron. In contrast to reovirus, the infectivity of SA11 was more rapidly inactivated by heating at 50 degrees C. SA11 infectivity was inactivated above pH 10.0 and by heating at 50 degrees C in 2 M-MgCl2, but was stabilized by heating in 2 m-MgSO4; reovirus 1 infectivity was enhanced by heating in MgCl2. Both SA11 and reovirus 1 were inactivated by freezing in MgCl2. These results show that rotaviruses and reoviruses can be distinguished by their patterns of inactivation by physical and chemical agents. PMID- 39116 TI - Haemolysis by two alphaviruses: Semliki Forest and Sindbis virus. AB - Purified preparations of Semliki Forest (SFV) and Sindbis virus haemolyse red blood cells from several species of animals and birds. The optimal haemolysis by SFV was obtained at pH 5.8 with 1-day-old chick erythrocytes incubated at room temperature. Considerable variation in haemolytic activity was observed between different virus preparations purified by different methods. The haemolytic activity of SFV was inhibited by antisera against whole virus or isolated envelope proteins but not with antiserum against virus capsid protein. Neither lipid and detergent-free envelope protein octamers with high haemaggluinating titre, nor isolated nucleocapsids caused haemolysis. Fresh, unpurified SFV and Sindbis virus preparations did not haemolyse unless they were exposed for repeated cycles of freezing and thawing. It appears that the haemolytic activity resides in the virus glycoproteins(s) but can only be manifested in slightly damaged whole virus particles. PMID- 39117 TI - Investigation of the system cobalt(II) bovine carbonic anhydrase B trichloroacetaldehyde. AB - The interactions between hydrated trichloroacetaldehyde and cobalt(II)bovine carbonic anhydrase B have been investigated as a function of pH by means of electronic spectroscopy of FT nmr spectroscopy. The hydrated aldehyde is bound to the metal ion and its apparent affinity constant is pH dependent with a bell shaped profile. The kinetic parameters of the dissociation process have also been determined. PMID- 39118 TI - Neurochemical parameters in the hyperresponsive phase after a single dose of neuroleptics to mice. PMID- 39119 TI - Effects of hypoxia on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in rat carotid body. PMID- 39120 TI - Acylation of lysophosphatiylcholine in nervous tissue. PMID- 39121 TI - Multiple, prolonged actions of neuroendocrine bag cells on neurons in Aplysia. I. Effects on bursting pacemaker neurons. AB - 1. The bag cells are a group of neuroendocrine cells located in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. Accumulated evidence suggests they synthesize and release egg-laying hormone (ELH), a peptide that induces egg laying. In this and the following paper (37) we describe five types of prolonged neural responses in cells of the isolated abdominal ganglion that are produced by stimulated bag cell activity. 2. Prolonged, 5- to 40-min bursts of spike activity were triggered in the normally silent bag cells by local stimulation of one of the bag cell clusters with brief, 0.6- to 2-strains of pulses. This local stimulation minimized the possible effects of the stimulus on other ganglion cells and initiated bag cell activity similar to what has been recorded in intact animals at the initiation of egg laying. 3. Following onset of triggered bag cell activity there is an increase in the amplitude of the bursting pacemaker potential in cell R15 that results in augmented bursting activity in this autoactive cell for up to 3 h. The increase begins in less than 1 min and reaches a maximim after 8--20 min. In two other bursting pacemaker cells, L3 and L6, there is a second type of response, slow inhibition, consisting of a smoothly graded hyperpolarization that begins in 5--14 s, reaches a peak value of 10--20 mV after 30 s, and results in a decrease in the spontaneous spike activity of these cells for 3 h or longer. Both types of responses are contingent on the occurrence of bag cell activity, they depend on prolonged bag cell activity for their normal expression, and they occur in the absence of the fast interactions characteristic of conventional synapses. 4. The results reveal at the level of intracellular recordings prolonged actions of peptide-secreting neuroendocrine cells on the central nervous system. The role of ELH as a putative mediator of one or more of these actions is discussed. PMID- 39122 TI - Obstruction of the cerebral blood vessels in the neck. PMID- 39123 TI - Sites of organic acid production and patterns of digesta movement in the gastrointestinal tract of dogs. PMID- 39124 TI - Neutral lipid accumulation in yeast due to inositol deficiency: kinetic studies on the reciprocal regulation by fructose bisphosphate and citrate of yeast acetyl CoA carboxylase. AB - Neutral lipids, especially triacylglycerols, accumulated due to myo-inositol deficiency both in the cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis (Hayashi et al. (1976) J. Biol. Chem., 251, 5759--5769) and in the liver of the rat (Hayashi et al. (1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 360, 134--155). The accumulation of triacylglycerols in the deficient yeast resulted, at least partly, from an enhancement of acetyl CoA carboxylase activity. The activation of the enzyme reflected the fluctuation due to the deficiency in the levels of fructose bisphosphate and citrate (Hayashi et al. (1978) Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 540, 231- 237). Thus, the kinetics of the regulation of acetyl CoA carboxylase by these intermediates was studied. In physiological concentrations fructose bisphosphate sigmoidally activated acetyl CoA carboxylase from yeast with the Hill coefficient of 3, while citrate counteracted the fructose bisphosphate activation in a sigmoidal manner with the Hill coefficient of 2. Fructose bisphosphate markedly increased the apparent Vmax value of acetyl CoA carboxylase for the substrate, ATP and slightly decreased the apparent Km value. Citrate greatly decreased the apparent Vmax value increased by fructose bisphosphate. PMID- 39125 TI - Sulfapyridine metabolites in children with inflammatory bowel disease receiving sulfasalazine. AB - Fifteen children followed as outpatients with chronic inflammatory disease of the colon were given sulfasalazine in doses from 1 to 4 gm/day (22 to 68 mg/kg, or 0.69 to 2.33 gm/m2). No correlation was found between the dose/m2 administered and the total serum sulfapyridine levels. However, 11 of 15 patients achieved SP levels greater than or equal to 17 micrograms/ml, a level approximating that reputedly associated with therapeutic efficacy. Patients who were either slow acetylators or slow hydroxylators of sulfapyridine had total SP levels significantly higher than patients who were both rapid acetylators and hydroxylators (20.0 +/- 1.2 vs 14.6 +/- 1.6). Total SP serum levels were not correlated with the activity of the disease. No toxic levels (greater than 50 micrograms/ml of SP) were encountered. We conclude that a dose of SASP in the range of 1.5 to 2.0 gm/m2 can be safely administered to children and is usually associated with serum SP levels considered in the therapeutic range. Although one third of children are both rapid acetylators and hydroxylators and will have somewhat lower SP levels, the routine monitoring of SASP therapy with SP levels is not necessary for management of disease. PMID- 39126 TI - Calculation of hydrogen ion concentration. PMID- 39127 TI - Rapid, large-scale isolation of Plasmodium berghei sporozoites from infected mosquitoes. AB - The discontinuous gradient technique for recovery of malarial sporozoites from mosquitoes (Beaudoin et al., 1977) has been modified to speed up recovery and prevent sensitization of mice by components of the gradient which contaminate the sporozoites used as antigen. Mouse serum was substituted for BSA in the gradient because the latter produced hypersensitivity. Best results were obtained with gradients consisting of Medium 199, Renografin and mouse serum. Heavy and light solution of gradient components are layered in a centrifuge tube. Centrifugation of comminuted, infected mosquitoes applied to the top of the discontinuous gradient concentrates sporozoites at the interface. Sporozoites recovered from the gradient were infective, immunogenic, and relatively free of mosquito tissue. This improved method enables recovery of 100,000 sporozoites from each Anopheles stephensi infected with the ANKA strain of Plasmodium berghei. As many as 2,800 mosquitoes have been processed in 2 hr without a significant decrease in yield. PMID- 39128 TI - Heterotopic splenic autotransplantation in prevention of overwhelming postsplenectomy infection. AB - An experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of heterotopic splenic autotransplantation in weanling rats. Rats were divided into three experimental groups: splenectomy, control, and splenic autotransplantation. Rats were challenged with i.v. type I pneumococcus. Bacterial bloodstream clearance and survival were determined. Splenic bacterial uptake was measured by determining the isotopic activity of technetium-99m-labeled pneumococci. Autoradiographs and material stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Gram strains were examined for histologic features. All autografts survived and were histologically compatible with normal splenic tissue. Bloodstream clearance of pneumococci was significantly greater in rats with splenic autotransplantation. Splenic autografts had 10 to 30 times greater uptake of pneumocci than did the liver. Rats with autotransplantation had a prolonged survival time. Heterotopic splenic autotransplantation may prove to be an important adjunctive surgical measure in the treatment of children undergoing splenectomy. PMID- 39129 TI - Normal pregnancy: a model of sustained respiratory alkalosis. PMID- 39130 TI - Acid base balance in pre-eclamptic, hypertensive and diabetic pregnancies. Maternal blood and amniotic fluid studies. PMID- 39131 TI - Fourth international conference on periodontal research, June 26--28, 1978- Stockholm, Sweden. Research reports. PMID- 39132 TI - The distribution of amylobarbitone, butobarbitone, pentobarbitone and quinalbarbitone and the hydroxylated metabolites in man. AB - Fluid and tissue specimens collected from 30 subjects at autopsy have been assayed for their content of common sedative barbiturates and the corresponding hydroxylated metabolites by g.l.c. Where one barbiturate had been ingested an inverse relationship between lipid solubility of the drug and the distribution in fluids and tissues was observed. In most cases the liver, and in the remainder the spleen, contained the highest concentrations of barbiturate. Bile concentrations were often in excess of those in the corresponding liver. The metabolites of the four sedative barbiturates were usually present in lower amounts than the parent drugs in the fluids and tissues of most subjects but urine often contained much higher concentrations of metabolites--sometimes exceeding that of the parent drug in the liver. Administration of two or more barbiturates together did not appear to affect the distribution and metabolism of the individual drugs. PMID- 39133 TI - Effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug benoxaprofen on leucocyte migration. AB - Possible modes of action of the anti-inflammatory drug, benoxaprofen, have been explored. The drug caused inhibition of leucocyte migration, principally of mononuclear cells into the pleural cavity of rats undergoing carrageenan-induced pleurisy. Evidence was obtained from in vitro leucocyte migration and chemotaxis models that the drug acted directly on the mononuclear cells rather than by inhibition of chemotactic factors. PMID- 39134 TI - N-Chloroacetyl 5-methoxytryptamine (isamide): a selective antagonist of 5 hydroxytryptamine in the rat uterus. AB - Isamide, the N-chloroacetyl derivative of 5-methoxytryptamine, produced a dose dependent competitive blockade of uterine contractions in vitro induced by 5-HT. The pA2 value for the 5-HT-isamide interaction was 4.42. The blockade was short lasting and reversible; after recovery, a dose-dependent increase in the uterine sensitivity to 5-HT was found. The blockade proved to be selective to the 5-HT receptor. The simultaneous application of 5-HT plus isamide partially prevented the 5-HT-induced auto blockade phenomenon. In addition, isamide did not affect the contractile responses of the uterus to oxytocin or bradykinin or the contractile effects of the rat vas deferens to adrenaline. PMID- 39135 TI - Specific membrane-binding of angiotensin II--the role of degradative enzymes. AB - The possible role of degradative enzymes was examined in the specific binding of angiotensin II (AII) to cell membranes. Red blood cell membranes did not bind AII specifically under any of the ambient conditions studied, indicating a lack of AII receptors and no role for the degradative enzymes in specific binding. Rabbit aorta smooth muscle cell membranes bound AII specifically, and this binding had similar characteristics to those previously described for this preparation. It is concluded that specific binding of AII to cell membranes does not involve degradative enzymes, and probably represents binding to the biologically active receptor. PMID- 39136 TI - Rapid paper chromatographic separation of [14C] angiotensen II from some metabolites: application to organ distribution. AB - A rapid, inexpensive method for the separation of 5-1-isoleucyl[14C] angiotensin II (A-II) from its various metabolites has been devised. A-II was extracted from tissues with absolute methanol (recovery 96%) and paper chromatographed in a butanol-acetic acid-water (18:2:5) medium for two ascents at 60 degrees C. The resulting RF for A-II of 0.45 was then compared with the RF values of three A-II metabolites produced by enzymatic degradation of the 14C-A-II and [14C]isoleucine. Trypsin degradation produced the [14C]hexapeptide metabolite, chymotryptic degradation produced the [14C]tetrapeptide metabolite and carboxypeptidase A degradation produced the [14C]heptapeptide. Increases in temperature produced a continuous increase in RF values for all the substances examined but the resolution decreased above 60 degrees C. Similarly, increases in the temperature caused the appearance of secondary peaks with some but not all peptides. The tryptic digest (hexapeptide) and the chymotryptic digest (tetrapeptide) are apparently acid- and heat-stable under the experimental conditions. All of the peptides examined failed to produce secondary peaks when heated at neutral pH. The method was used to study the tissue distribution of 14C A-II after intravenous injection. PMID- 39137 TI - Synthesis, properties and biological activity of tritiated N-benzylamidino-3,5 diamino-6-chloro-pyrazine carboxamide -- a new ligand for epithelial sodium channels. AB - A method is described for the synthesis and purification of tritiated N benzylamidino-3,5-diamino-6-chloro-pyrazine carboxamide (benzamil). The tritium was inserted at the meta position of the benzyl ring, from which it apparently does not exchange with solvent hydrogen. When stored in ethanol at -4 degrees C the radioligand remains stable for at least 15 months. The pharmacology of benzamil is very similar to that of amiloride in terms of its effects on sodium transporting epithelia except that it has a higher affinity. The affinity of benzamil for sodium channels in amphibian epithelia in the absence of sodium is approximately 10(9) M-1. The new ligand can be used to label sodium channels in epithelia, and may be useful in channel isolation procedures. PMID- 39138 TI - A nuclear magnetic relaxation study of bound water in solutions of disodium cromoglycate. AB - The amount of water bound to disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) in frozen aqueous solutions was determined from the amplitude of the n.m.r. free induction decay. The hydration number was found to be 15 molecules H2O/molecule DSCG of which 6 H2O molecules were less strongly bound than the rest. Proton T1 and T2 relaxation times in non-frozen solutions implied a values of 10(-8) s for the correlation time of the bound water at 291 K. This is consistent with the mobility of DSCG molecules in a smectic mesophase. PMID- 39139 TI - The surface activity and self-association of some beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents in aqueous solution. AB - The surface activity at the air-solution interface of a series of beta adrenoceptor blocking agents has been determined. The drugs investigated included, propranolol, sotalol, oxprenolol, labetolol, timolol, metoprolol and acebutolol. Correlation between surface activity and local anaesthetic potency of the drugs is examined. Light scattering measurements have indicated self association of sotalol, oxprenolol, acebutolol and metoprolol in 0.5 mol kg-1 sodium chloride. Critical micelle concentrations and aggregation numbers are reported. PMID- 39140 TI - Placebo granules as cores for timed release drug delivery systems. AB - A drug delivery system is proposed constituted of spherical placebo granules as cores with polymeric surface films containing drug. This timed release dosage form has been prepared by means of a fluidized bed coating technique using ethyl cellulose as the polymeric film and caffeine and salicylic acid as model drugs. The release of the drugs from the dosage form (a) at different drug concentrations and (b) into solutions of different pH showed that drug release was linearly related to the square root of time. Good agreement was found between the theoretical release rate of caffeine, calculated according to Higuchi's equation for a homogenous matrix using membrane permeation parameters measured on linear films, and the experimental results in the case of low drug concentrations. Deviation of the release rate from the homogenous model at high drug concentrations could be explained by crystallization of the drug from the film. PMID- 39141 TI - The stability of betamethasone-17-valerate in semi-solid bases. AB - The stability of betamethasone-17-valerate in semi-solid bases has been investigated. Emphasis has been placed on the stability problems which could arise upon dilution of proprietary preparations by the use of model systems. Betamethasone-17-valerate has been shown to decompose to betamethasone-21 valerate and betamethasone alcohol. Quantitation of the decomposition was by direct densitometry on thin layer chromatographic plates. The decomposition was found to be an apparent first order process and to depend on the diluent used and its concentration. Attempts were also made to relate the rate of decomposition to the pH of the base used, and to stabilize the products. PMID- 39142 TI - The determination of aluminium in antacid formulations by Gran's Plot titration with sodium fluoride. AB - The aluminium content of a number of proprietary antacid formulations has been determined by titration with sodium fluoride, using the fluoride activity electrode as an end-point detector. Results compared favourably with the official method. The fluoride titration, however, involved less sample manipulation and was more rapid to carry out. End-point detection was made easier by treating titration data by the Gran's Plot method. PMID- 39143 TI - Can the alterations in serum glucocorticoid concentrations explain the effects of ethanol and benfluorex on the synthesis of hepatic triacylglycerols? PMID- 39144 TI - Effect of secretin on histamine-induced duodenal ulceration in guinea-pigs. PMID- 39145 TI - Lithium-induced head twitches in rats. PMID- 39146 TI - Effect of antiarrhythmic and analgesic drugs on the effective refractory period of guinea-pig isolated atria and ventricular strips. PMID- 39147 TI - Central actions of valproate sodium. PMID- 39148 TI - Transport of liposome components in rat everted intestinal loops. PMID- 39149 TI - 125I-labelled Rose Bengal in the quantitative estimation of fazadinium and other quaternary ammonium compounds in biological fluids. PMID- 39150 TI - Steady state plasma concentration of clonidine and its relation to the effects on blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive rats. PMID- 39151 TI - A simple colorimetric method for the estimation of D(--)-penicillamine in plasma. PMID- 39152 TI - Polarographic assay of glyceryl trinitrate by an internal standardization method. PMID- 39153 TI - Potentially biodegradable microcapsules with poly (alkyl 2-cyanoacrylate) membranes. PMID- 39154 TI - Specific binding of [3H]sulpiride to rat striatal preparations. PMID- 39155 TI - Potentiation of muscimol-induced hyperactivity by benzodiazepines. PMID- 39156 TI - Ionization kinetics of the carbon acid phenindione. AB - The ionization kinetics of carbon acids are slow relative to those of classical acids and bases. Phenindione (2-phenyl-1,3-indandione) is a 1,3-diketone carbon acid of macroscopic experimental pKa 4.09 at 25 degrees and ionic strength 0.1. The ionization kinetics of phenindione were determined at an ionic strength of 0.1 and 25 degrees using stopped-flow spectrophotometry and a pH jump technique. A log k'obs-pH profile for the approach to the ionization equilibrium was determined, and a mechanism consistent with the profile was postulated. The percent enol versus diketo form of phenindione and the pKaenol and pKadiketo were calculated from the kinetic data. Phenindione acid deprotonation kinetics by various oxygen and nitrogen bases suggested that, with bases of pKa 4.7--8.5 and in the pH 5--8.5 range, the acidic phenindione proton as approximately 45% transferred in the rate-determining transition state. PMID- 39157 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of ionization of the carbon acids 4'-substituted 2-phenyl 1,3-indandiones. AB - The ionization kinetics of 1.3-diketone carbon acids are slow relative to those of classical acids and bases. The ionization kinetics of three 4'-substituted 2 phenyl-1,3-indandiones, 4'-chloro-, 4'-methoxy-, and 2-phenyl-1,3-indandione itself, were studied at 25 degrees and ionic strength 0.1 using stopped-flow spectrometry and a pH jump technique. A log k'obs-pH profile for the approach to the ionization equilibrium was consistent with a reaction scheme postulated earlier for the ionization of another carbon acid, phenylbutazone. The percent enol versus diketo form of the acids and the pKaenol and pKadiketo were calculated from the kinetic data. Hammett plots of the various kinetic and equilibrium constants supported a mechanism for acid deprotonation consistent with proton abstraction being the predominant process when very weak bases such as water were the proton acceptors. Desolvation effects and the work required to get the two reacting molecules together in the correct configurations predominated when the proton abstraction was by stronger proton acceptors. PMID- 39158 TI - Differential potentiometric method for determining dissociation constants of very slightly water-soluble drugs applied to the sulfonamide diuretic chlorthalidone. AB - A renewed application of potentiometric acid-base titrations is described, by which dissociation constants of practically water-insoluble drugs can be measured accurately. The method uses the difference in the amount of titrant between a suitable aqueous solvent and a solution of the drug in that solvent. Such potentiometric difference titrations were conducted on a 3.7 X 10(-4) M solution of chlorthalidone in 0.1 M aqueous KCl in the pH 3.5--10.6 range at 25 degrees. Nonlinear least-squares regression analysis was applied to the data. From four determinations, a value of 9.24 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- SEM) resulted for the apparent dissociation constant of the first chlorthalidone acid group. The thermodynamic dissociation constant was calculated at pKa1 = 9.35 (25 degrees) by using a correction for activity. PMID- 39159 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of chlorambucil hydrolysis. AB - The kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of the cytotoxic drug chlorambucil were investigated. A study of the reaction order and of the pH, dielectric constant, and ionic strength effects on the reaction rate revealed that the hydrolysis was a limiting unimolecular nucleophilic substitution, the rate-determining step being the ionization of the first 2-chloroethylamine chlorine. The hydrolysis rate was markedly dependent on the protonation degree of the chlorambucil basic group. indicating that a cyclic ethyleneimmonium ion may be involved in the rate determining step. PMID- 39160 TI - Comparison of the effects of the isomers of amphetamine, methylphenidate and deoxypipradrol on the uptake of l-[3H]norepinephrine and [3H]dopamine by synaptic vesicles from rat whole brain, striatum and hypothalamus. AB - The ATP-Mg++-dependent uptake of [3H]dopamine and l-[3H]norepinephrine into purified synaptic vesicles of whole rat brain, rat striatum and rat hypothalamus was inhibited 10-fold more effectively by S-(+)-amphetamine as compared to its corresponding (R-(-)-enantiomer. In contrast, S-(+)-deoxypipradrol and its R-(-) enantiomer were approximately equipotent inhibitors of 3H-amine uptake into these synaptic vesicular preparations. The 1R:2R-methylphenidate was twice as potent as its 1R:2S-enantiomer as an inhibitor of 3H-catecholamine uptake. These data suggest that the receptor sites on the amine pumps present in the membranes of all three vesicular preparations are similar in so far as they are all sensitive to the stereochemical configuration around the alpha-carbon of amphetamine but are not sensitive to the stereochemical configuration around the analogous carbon of deoxypipradrol and methylphenidate. These observations are the reverse of those previously observed for the phenethylamine pumps present in peripheral and central neuronal membranes. PMID- 39161 TI - Agonist-induced changes in beta adrenergic receptor density and receptor-mediated responsiveness in slices of rat cerebral cortex. AB - Incubation of slices of rat cerebral cortex with the beta adrenergic receptor agonist (-)-isoproterenol led to a 30 to 50% decrease in the number of binding sites for [125I]iodohydroxybenzylpindolol and to a 60 to 80% decrease in isoproterenol-stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation. The density of beta adrenergic receptors was also decreased following incubation with (-)-norepinephrine but not with (+)-isoproterenol or dopamine and the decrease in receptor density was blocked by co-incubation with the beta adrenergic receptor antagonist sotalol. The half-time for loss of receptors was approximately 3 min and recovery was observed during a 1 hr reincubation of tissue slices or following exposure to guanine nucleotides. A decrease in beta adrenergic receptor density was also observed following chronic treatment with desmethylimipramine which blocks norepinephrine reuptake and thus potentiates the effects of neurally released norepinephrine at adrenergic receptors. The loss of receptors induced in vitro could be reversed by reincubation or by exposure to guanine nucleotides. In contrast, the loss of receptors induced in vivo was not affected by these procedures. PMID- 39162 TI - The effect of histamine, metiamide and cystic fibrosis factor on the electrophysiological properties of the frog's gastric mucosa [proceedings]. PMID- 39163 TI - Pancreatic acinar cells: the effect of carbon dioxide, ammonium chloride and acetylcholine on intercellular communication. AB - 1. Segments of mouse pancreatic or exorbital lacrimal gland were superfused with saline solutions. Under visual control two micro-electrodes were inserted into neighbouring cells within the same acinus or into neighbouring acini. Cell to cell electrical coupling was assessed by injecting rectangular current pulses through one electrode and measuring the electrotonic potential change in the same cell (V(1)) and in the neighbouring cell (V(2)). Acetylcholine (ACh) was added locally to impaled acini by micro-ionophoresis from an extracellular micropipette.2. Exposure of the tissues to a Krebs solution equilibrated with 100% CO(2) caused a rapid increase in the size of electrotonic potential changes in the current injection cell and disappearance of the electrotonic potential changes in a neighbouring acinus or cell. This electrical uncoupling of previously coupled cells was rapidly reversible upon return to a solution equilibrated with 95% O(2) and 5% CO(2).3. Reduction of electrical intercellular coupling was also obtained using smaller CO(2) concentrations (50, 20 or 10%). In these cases the effects developed more slowly and were less dramatic. Reducing the extracellular HCO(3) concentration enhanced the uncoupling effect of 10 or 20% CO(2). However, weak uncoupling effects were still observed using 10 or 20% CO(2) in combination with a high bicarbonate concentration maintaining a constant extracellular pH (7.4).4. Reductions in extracellular pH (down to 5.5) achieved by varying combinations of Tris base and Tris HCl had no effect on electrical coupling. Brief periods of anoxia (100% N(2)) also had no effect.5. Exposure to 20% CO(2) markedly enhanced the uncoupling effect of a brief ionophoretic pulse of ACh.6. Exposure of the tissue to 10 mM-NH(4)Cl, a procedure expected to increase the intracellular pH, counteracted the uncoupling effect of ACh. During sustained uncoupling caused by a sustained ACh stimulation a brief period of exposure to NH(4)Cl caused an immediate and fully reversible recoupling.7. It is concluded that variations in intracellular pH have marked effects on the electrical coupling between neighbouring cells in the pancreatic and lacrimal acinar tissue. PMID- 39164 TI - Micro-electrode measurement of skin pH in humans during ischaemia, hypoxia and local hypothermia. AB - 1. The extracellular pH value in the dermis of human skin (skin pH) was measured in vivo using glass micro-electrodes. They were found to be both reliable and accurate. 2. The mean value of skin pH measured in the legs of forty different volunteers was found to be pH 7.54 +/- 0.09 (S.D.). No difference in skin pH was observed between males and females, or in different regions of the limb. 3. Local reductions in skin surface temperature in ten subjects caused an increase of pH 0.023 +/- 0.007 per degree C fall. 4. A 20 min period of tourniquet ischaemia in twenty volunteers induced a fall in skin pH of 0.13 +/- 0.05 units. 5. Hyperventilation during a 10 min period of breathing 10% O2 in N2 caused an increase of pH 0.04 +/- 0.02 in the skin of healthy subjects. 6. Skin pH fell to a value 0.02 +/- 0.02 units below normal 10 min after the hypoxic period, suggesting the presence of excess lactate. 7. Skin pH results compared well with blood gases and pH values of arterialized samples taken during hypoxia. 8. It was concluded that the system was suitable for clinical trials. PMID- 39165 TI - Chloride, sodium, potassium and hydrogen ion transport in isolated canine gastric mucosa. AB - 1. The fluxes of isotopically labelled Na+, Cl- and K+ in each direction and H+ secretion across isolated dog gastric mucosa were measured under short-circuit conditions. 2. In the non-stimulated state, the net flux of Na+ was 6.61 micronequiv/cm2.hr from mucosal (luminal, secretory) to serosal (nutrient, blood) side, whereas the net flux of Cl- was only 0.79 micronequiv/cm2.hr, and the direction was from serosal to mucosal side. 3. There was a positive correlation between the net flux of Cl- and acid secretion, however, net flux of Na+ was not correlated with acid secretion initiated by secretagogue treatment. 4. With ion substitution studies, only replacement of mucosal Na+ with choline produced a highly significant decrease in potential difference (p.d.). This indicates that active transport of Na+ from the mucosal to the serosal side is the most important source for the generation of the gastric p.d. in dog gastric mucosa. 5. From ion substitution studies, it was also observed that Cl- in either mucosal or serosal solution is necessary for maintaining acid secretion; whereas only serosal Na+ and K+ are essential for acid secretion. Removal of either Na+ or K+ from the mucosal solution had no effect on acid secretion. 6. Substitution of SO2 (4) for Cl- had no effect on active transport of Na+, but choline substitution for Na+ diminished active transport of Cl-. PMID- 39166 TI - Changes in renal blood flow in the rat during renal nerve stimulation: the effects of alphs-adrenergic blockers and a dopaminergic blocker [proceedings]. PMID- 39167 TI - In vitro binding of Trypanosoma congolense to erythrocytes. AB - Trypanosoma congolense Broden, an intravascular parasite, binds to vessel walls and erythrocytes of infected hosts. In an attempt to characterize T. congolense adhesion to host cells, an in vitro assay was devised. It was shown in the in vitro experiments that T. congolense binds to bovine, sheep, and goat erythrocytes, but not always to erythrocytes of rats, mice, rabbits, horses or humans. Only the anterior part of live trypanosomes adheres to erythrocytes, and the attachment site on the trypanosomes is destroyed by trypsin and chymotrypsin trypanosomes did not adhere to bovine erythrocytes that had been incubated with neuraminidase, sodium periodate and poly-L-lysine. The foregoing experiments suggest that the surface of T. congolense contains a protein-associated site which binds to sialic acid of some host cells. This surface site is most likely responsible for attachment to blood vessels in vivo. PMID- 39168 TI - Partial purification and characterization of a bacteriolytic enzyme secreted by Tetrahymena. AB - Tetrahymena pyriformis strain HSM secretes large quantities of acid hydrolases into the culture medium. An enzyme secreted by the ciliate and capable of degrading walls of streptococci was identified and purified to a considerable degree. The pH optimum of this enzyme was 3--4, and it was eluted after cytochrome c from Sephadex G-75 columns. Unlike lysozyme, the enzyme was thermolabile at pH 2.9, but relatively thermostable at pH 8.1. It degraded 14C labeled cell walls of streptococci releasing reducing groups. Cell walls prepared from different strains of streptococci differed in susceptibility to this enzyme, the most sensitive strain tested being of group A, type T12. It was shown in immunologic studies that this hydrolase released the group-specific carbohydrate from the walls. Secretions of Tetrahymena from early stationary-phase cultures had more bacteriolytic activity than those from cells from late stationary-phase cultures. Further, cells from cultures grown in glucose-supplemented medium secreted less of the enzyme than ciliates of comparable age grown in unsupplemented proteose-peptone. The newly isolated bacteriolytic enzyme, presumably of lysosomal origin, may be helpful in characterizing streptococcal cell walls. PMID- 39169 TI - Papers from the Association's 1978 scientific session, October 20, 1978, Anaheim, California. Theme: National health insurance: "from left to right". PMID- 39170 TI - Equine reproduction II. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Equine Reproduction held at Davis campus of the University of California in July 1978. PMID- 39171 TI - Cytoplasmic gel and water relations of axon. AB - A previous method of measuring the swelling pressure (delta IIg) of the cytoplasmic gel of the giant axon of Loligo vulgaris was refined. The estimates of delta IIg made with the improved method were consistent with those made with the earlier method. In these methods the activity of the solvent in the gel is measured by increasing the activity of the solvent in the internal phase of the gel by application of hydrostatic pressure to the gel directly. Comparable values for the activity of the solvent in the gel were obtained also by an alternate method, in which the deswelling of the gel is measured upon decreasing the activity of the solvent in the external phase by addition of a nonpenetrating high mol wt polymer (i.e., Ficoll). Additional support was obtained for the earlier suggestion that delta IIg contributes to the swelling and shrinkage pattern of the whole axon. In part, the new evidence involved two consecutive direct measurements of intraxonal pressure. The first measurement was that of a mixed pressure composed of delta IIg and delta IIm (delta IIm being the effective osmotic pressure due to the intra-extraxonal gradient in the activity of mobile solutes). The subsequent measurement was that of delta IIg alone. The latter measurement was made feasible by destroying the axolemma, thereby eliminating the contribution of delta IIm. An estimate of delta IIm was obtained by subtracting delta IIg from the total pressure measured initially. The delta IIm determined by the above method was two orders of magnitude smaller than the theoretical osmotic pressure. This is consistent with the delta IIm determined previously, where osmotic intra-extraxonal filtration coefficients were compared to the hydrostatic. The mixed pressure experiments lend credence to the idea that the substantial contribution of delta IIg to the water relations of the whole axon is due to delta IIg being of the same order of magnitude as delta IIm. The degree of free swelling of axoplasmic gels was studied as a function of pH, salt concentration, and hydration radius of the anion of the salt used. The swelling increased with an increase in the reciprocal of the hydration radius, a decrease in salt concentration, and at pH below or above similar to 4.5. The nature of the constraints to the free swelling of axoplasm in axons immersed in seawater was studied. With the seawater employed, these constraints appeared to be due more to the retractive forces of the sheath than to delta IIm. PMID- 39172 TI - Effect of purified phospholipases on the binding of tetrodotoxin to axon plasma membrane. AB - The role of phospholipids in the binding of [3H]tetrodotoxin to garfish olfactory nerve axon plasma membrane was studied by the use of purified phospholipases. Treatment of the membranes with low concentrations of either phospholipase A2 (Crotalus adamanteus and Naja naja) or phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens) resulted in a marked reduction in tetrodotoxin binding activity. A 90% reduction in the activity occurred with about 45% hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2, and with phospholipase C the lipid hydrolysis was about 60--70% for a 70--80% reduction in the binding activity. Phospholipase C from B. cereus and Cl. perfringens had similar inhibitory effects. Bovine serum albumin protected the tetrodotoxin binding activity of the membrane from the inhibitory effect of phospholipase A2 but not from that of phospholipase C. In the presence of albumin about 25% of the membrane phospholipids remained unhydrolyzed by phospholipase A2. It is suggested that these unhydrolyzed phospholipids are in a physical state different from the rest of the membrane phospholipids and that these include the phospholipids which are directly related to the tetrodotoxin binding component. It is concluded that phospholipids form an integral part of the tetrodotoxin binding component of the axon membrane and that the phospholipase-caused inhibition of the binding activity is due to effects resulting from alteration of the phospholipid components. PMID- 39173 TI - Haemoglobin: the structural changes related to ligand binding and its allosteric mechanism. PMID- 39174 TI - Conformational change in actin filament induced by the interaction with heavy meromyosin: effects of pH, tropomyosin and deoxy-ATP. PMID- 39175 TI - Transformations in isolated polyhooks. PMID- 39176 TI - A study on the toxicity of natural food dyes--toxicity and enzyme inhibition in Paramecium caudatum. AB - The toxicity of 14 commercial natural dyes which are widely used as food additives in Japan was studied on Paramecium caudatum. Laccaic acid and capsanthin were found to be very toxic to Paramecium caudatum. Some of the commercially available carminic acid and crocin were also toxic. The inhibitory effect of natural food dyes on leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase and esterase in vitro was proportional to the toxic effect of the dyes on the survival time of Paramecium caudatum. Analyses of the commercial natural food dyes by high performance liquid chromatography failed to identify the toxic components. PMID- 39177 TI - Dose-related response of mouse mamma to some phenothiazine drugs. AB - The dose-related response of the mammary growth was studied in immature ICR-JCL female mice given 0.03 micrograms of estradiol per animal subcutaneously, and 0.005-1.0mg of either of the following phenothiazines (chlorpromazine, levometh iomeprazine, promethazine, perphenazine, thioridazine and propericiazine) per 10g of body weight was given orally once a day for 9 days starting on the 5th day after ovariectomy. The right second mamma of the chest was used to compare the hypertrophic affects. All the phenothiazines used produced mammary growth in the intensity sequence of thioridazine greater than chlorpromazine greater than promethazine greater than propericiazine greater than perphenazine greater than levomethiomeprazine. An optimal dose of each of the phenothiazines required to produce the maximum hypetrophy of the mammary gland was examined. From the results obtained, the relationship between the side-chain moiety of the compounds and the mammary growth activity could not be revealed. PMID- 39178 TI - [The passage of antibiotics into prostatic secretions: theoretical and experimental study. Apropos of a new urinary antibiotic: oxolinic acid (proceedings)]. PMID- 39179 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency caused by glafenine poisoning (proceedings)]. PMID- 39180 TI - Mandibular lesions in the Western Arctic caribou herd of Alaska. AB - Lesions were noted in 7.0 and 4.4% of mandible pairs collected from the Western Arctic caribou herd of northwestern Alaska in 1959-61 and 1975-77, respectively. The prevalence of mandibular lesions in the 1959-61 collection is believed to be the highest reported in wild caribou herds of North America. The frequency of occurrence of mandibular lesions was highest in caribou 7 years of age and older, and there was a higher prevalence in adult males than in adult females. Trauma, dental abscesses, and periodontal disease were the probably cause of most lesions. Pathogenic bacteria were not isolated from mandibular lesions from an 11 year-old female. Thirty-three of 98 (33.7%) mandibles with lesions were missing one tooth, while ten (10.2%) were missing more than one tooth. The first molar (M1) was the most common tooth lost in association with lesions, although the loss of two or more teeth was more common among premolars than among molars. PMID- 39181 TI - Approaching long-term neuroleptic treatment of schizophrenia. AB - Neuroleptic therapy can prevent some acute episodes and may improve the level of function in some cases of chronic schizophrenia. The hazards of tardive dyskinesia require a rigorous design for any long-term use of neuroleptics. The protocol includes narrow indications, demonstrations of efficacy and necessity, and arrangements for surveillance, cooperation, and emergency. Patient instruction improves the precision of medication use and may increase adaptive efforts during episodes. PMID- 39182 TI - Timolol and myasthenia gravis. PMID- 39183 TI - Hormone secretion in alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome. Differential diagnosis with Cushing disease. AB - We describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of alcohol-induced pseudo-Cushing's syndrome in two patients with signs and symptoms of Cushing's syndrome and slight disturbances in liver function. An insufficient suppression of plasma cortisol to the overnight administration of 1 mg of dexamethasone was accompanied by an absent diurnal rhythm of plasma cortisol and an increased cortisol secretion rate. The plasma cortisol levels at 8 AM normalized during hospital admission (ie, alcohol withdrawal) at the same rate or parallel with the serum gamma-glutamyl transferase concentration. A normal increase of plasma cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and growth hormone in response to an insulin induced hypoglycemia was not compatible with the diagnosis Cushing's syndrome. However, the result of a differential diagnostic test with metyrapone was compatible with the presence of Cushing's disease. An erroneous diagnosis of Cushing's disease can be easily made in patients with alcohol-induced pseudo Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 39184 TI - 1st European Congress on Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Stockholm, Sweden. September 2--5, 1979. PMID- 39185 TI - [Sessions of the 77th Congress of the Japanese Society of Dermatology]. PMID- 39186 TI - [Renal lesions of periarteritis nodosa and related conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 39187 TI - Feedback regulation of nephron filtration rate during pharmacologic interference with the renin-angiotensin and adrenergic systems in rats. AB - Tubuloglomerular feedback has been defined as a mechanism in which changes in distal tubular sodium chloride delivery induce changes in glomerular arteriolar resistance. Experiments were performed in rats to test the hypothesis that the alterations in vasomotor activity are controlled by local hormonal mechanisms. Early proximal flow rate (EPFR), used as an index of filtration rate, was assessed at loop perfusion rates of 10 and 40 nl/min and during zero loop flow before and during intravenous administration of agents which interfere with the reninangiotensin or adrenergic systems. During infusion of the angiotensin (A) antagonists [Sar1,Ile8-]-AII or [Me2,Gly1,Ile8]-AII at doses ranging from 4.8 to 30.6 micrograms/kg . min, feedback response, expressed as percent change of EPFR during loop flow elevation from 3 to 40 nl/min, fell from a mean of 47.6 +/- 3.3% to 33.2 +/- 2.9% (P less than 0.05). Likewise, after administration of the converting enzyme inhibitor SQ 20881 in a dose ranging between 5.5 and 34.0 mg/kg, feedback response decreased from 48.5 +/- 2.1% to 25.9 +/- 1.9% (P less than 0.001) and returned to 43.1 +/- 5.1% after the inhibitory effect of SQ 20881 on the pressure response to angiotensin I had disappeared. Luminal application of [Sar1,Thr2]-AII (5mM) or of SQ 20881 (5 or 10 mM) had no effect on the feedback response. A significant reduction in the feedback response was noted also during intravenous infusion of propranolol (46.4 +/- 3.2% vs. 29.0 +/- 2.8%, P less than 0.001), whereas 6-OH-dopamine, reserpine, or phenoxybenzamine had no detectable effect. Our results are in agreement with the concept that the renin-angiotensin system may mediate feedback-induced resistance changes. In addition, circulating catecholamines may, in some unknown manner, act as modulators of the feedback response. PMID- 39188 TI - pH-Dependence of water and solute transport in toad urinary bladder. AB - Stimulation of urea and water transport by vasopressin (ADH) appears to occur via independent pathways. We examined the effects of altering serosal or mucosal bath pH on transport of water, urea, and sodium. Compared to bladders with a serosal bath pH of 7.4 to 8.0, reducing the serosal bath pH to 6.8 led to a 60% fall in ADH-stimulated osmotic water flow, without decreasing the permeability of urea. Raising the serosal pH to 9.5 had the opposite effect: urea permeability was inhibited by 40% without altering water flow. Exogenous cyclic AMP-stimulated water and urea permeabilities were not dissociated, but were changed in the same direction by alterations in serosal pH: serosal acidification enhanced the effect of exogenous cyclic AMP on both urea and water, whereas the cyclic AMP effect on both was diminished by serosal alkalinization. This was especially marked for urea, suggesting that an alteration in the urea response to cyclic AMP may be particularly important in defining vasopressin-stimulated urea permeability as the serosal bath pH is altered. Mucosal acidification increased short circuit current but decreased both the urea and water response to ADH and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP. The response to cyclic AMP was less consistent. Mucosal alkalinization did not cause significant changes in either basal or stimulated transport. The data demonstrate distinct and separable effects of bath pH alterations on each of the transport systems examined. PMID- 39189 TI - [Congenital testicular dystopias and concomitant abnormalities]. PMID- 39190 TI - [Reports from the 19th annual meeting of the Austrian Ophthalmologic Society in Villach, June 1-3, 1978]. PMID- 39191 TI - [Proceedings of the 71st General Conference of the Swiss Ophthalmological Society in Winterthur, 21 to 23 September 1978]. PMID- 39192 TI - [World congress of cardiologists in Japan]. PMID- 39193 TI - [Effect of various drugs on membrane digestion]. PMID- 39194 TI - [Activity of nonspecific phasphatases in hemorrhagic fever with nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 39195 TI - [Proceedings of the first General Meeting of delegates of the Swiss Nurses' Association. 19 May 1979 in Geneva, 2 p.m., UNI II, Piaget room]. PMID- 39197 TI - Proceedings of the sixth workshop on leprosy held at the Foundation for Medical Research, Worli, Bombay, on Wednesday 19th July 1978. PMID- 39196 TI - Fractional extracellular space and fractional water content of various rat tissues at different extracellular pH values and in uremia. AB - At different extracellular pH values fractional extracellular space (calculated from the distribution of 3H inulin) and fractional water content showed no significant differences. 72 h after nephrectomy both variables increased significantly. An exception to this was brain, where fractional extracellular space decreased and total intracellular water increased as a sign of brain oedema. PMID- 39198 TI - Report on the workshops held at Mexico City in November 1978 preceding the XI International Leprosy Congress. PMID- 39199 TI - Beta-blocking drugs--their use in an industrial environment. PMID- 39200 TI - Comparison of regulated-breathing verses abbreviated desensitization on reported stuttering episodes. AB - This study was an investigation of the regulated-breathing method for controlling stuttering as compared to a placebo-control method consisting of abbreviated desensitization training. The regulated-breathing procedure, given to 21 stutterers, taught the speaker to breathe smoothly and deeply, to pause at natural juncturing points, to plan ahead for the content of the speech, and to relax chest and neck muscles. Several general behavioral procedures were also used including relaxation training, self-correction for errors, social support, daily home practice, and response awareness, which are components of the general habit reversal procedure for diverse habits. Training was given in one or two sessions plus regular follow-up telephone calls. Daily self-recordings were obtained of the number of stuttering episodes during everyday speech, to determine the generalized effect of the treatment. The regulated-breathing method reduced the reported stuttering episodes by 94% on the first day after training and by 97% during the fourth week and the three-month follow-up. The control procedure reduced reported stuttering only slightly (about 10%). The results indicate substantial effectiveness of the regulated-breathing method for reducing reported stuttering episodes in everyday speech as compared with an alternative treatment of equal duration. PMID- 39201 TI - Effects of low-dose BAPN on wound healing. PMID- 39202 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants and histamine H1 receptors. AB - Tricyclic antidepressants and some structurally related compounds were tested for their ability to antagonize histamine H1 and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells. As a group, tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressants tended to be more potent than secondary amine drugs at both receptors. The most potent antihistamine, doxepin hydrocholoride, was about 4 times more potent than amitriptyline hydrochloride, about 800 times more potent than diphenhydramine hydrochloride, and about 8,000 times more potent than desipramine hydrochloride, the least potent tricyclic antidepressant at both the histamine H1 and the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. All tricyclic drugs except desipramine hydrochloride were more potent as antihistamines than as anticholinergics. Doxepin hydrochloride and amitriptyline hydrochloride may be the most potent antihistamines known, and the antihistaminic potencies of these and the other tricyclic antidepressant drugs may relate directly to their ability to cause sedation and drowsiness in patients. PMID- 39203 TI - [Indications for the use of tiapride in extrapyramidal pathology]. PMID- 39204 TI - Antagonism of benzodiazepine binding in rat and human brain by Antilirium. PMID- 39205 TI - Decreased antistereotypic effect of neuroliptics after additional treatment with a benzodiazepine, a GABA agonist or an anticholinergic compound. PMID- 39206 TI - Ascorbic acid modulation of splenic cell cyclic GMP metabolism. PMID- 39207 TI - Evidence for a regulatory role of the stomach in islet cell function. PMID- 39208 TI - Histamine H2-receptors in the gastric mucosa: role in acid secretion. PMID- 39209 TI - In vitro and in vivo inhibition by zopiclone of benzodiazepine binding to rodent brain receptors. PMID- 39210 TI - 1-substituted tetrahydroisoquinoline analogs: beta adrenoceptor blocking agents in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. PMID- 39211 TI - Antischizophrenic drugs: differential plasma protein binding and therapeutic activity. PMID- 39212 TI - Anxiolytic versus sedative properties in the benzodiazepines series: differencies in structure-activity relationships. PMID- 39213 TI - Pergolide: a potent dopaminergic antihypertensive. PMID- 39214 TI - CNS effects of peripherally administered brain peptides. PMID- 39215 TI - Solubilization of benzodiazepine binding site from rat cortex. PMID- 39216 TI - Symposium on the thermal effects of exercise in the heat. Introduction. PMID- 39217 TI - Abstracts of the 1979 American College of Sports Medicine annual meeting and Pan Pacific Conference. May 24-26, 1979, Sheraton-Waikiki Hotel, Honolulu, Hawaii. PMID- 39218 TI - [Treatment of cardiac insufficiency. 2]. PMID- 39219 TI - Multibanded isoelectric focusing patterns produced by macromolecular interactions. PMID- 39220 TI - Genetical and cytological location of the structural parts coding for the first three steps of pyrimidine biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The rudimentary locus (r; X--55.3) of Drosophila melanogaster is shown to contain the structural sequences for the enzymes CPSase, ATCase and DHOase. The enzyme concentration in adult flies is correlated with the number of r+ copies in the genome. The expression of the locus follows the rules of the gene dosage compensation hypothesis when extracts of newly emerged males and females are compared. PMID- 39221 TI - Suppressor mutations causing partial reversion in the amiA region of Pneumococcus. AB - Mutants of an aminopterin-resistant strain of pneumococcus possessing four different suppressor genes have been isolated after mutagenesis with 5-BUdR. The suppressed strains exhibit a partial revertant phenotype since the parental aminopterin resistance remained unchanged but the associated sensitivity to an excess concentration of the branched chain amino acids L-isoleucine, L-valine and L-leucine was diminished almost to the level of the wild-type strain C13. The suppressor mutations had therefore dissociated the two properties associated with a mutation in the amiA cistron, namely aminopterin resistance and isoleucine sensitivity. The suppressor genes reduced the sensitivity to isoleucine of a number of amiA mutants, but had no effect on the level of resistance to a number of unrelated genes conferring resistance to other antibacterial substances. The suppressor mutations themselves did not confer resistance to aminopterin. Mapping of the suppressor mutations by recombination analysis and by clonal analysis showed them to be intragenic lying in the region near to the amiA-r19, amiA-r23, amiA-r17 loci. PMID- 39222 TI - Trace element studies on four species of Fusarium. AB - Trace element studies were carried out on four species of Fusarium: F. moniliforme, F. solani, F. poae and F. bulbigenum. Out of fifteen trace elements tested, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Mo and B were found to be essential for growth and sporulation of all these species of Fusarium. Optimum concentrations in ppm of essential trace elements of these fungi were as follows: F. moniliforme Fe 1.0, Zn 0.1, Mn 0.1, Cu 0.1, Mo 0.1, B 1.0-10.0; F. solani Fe 1.0, Zn 10.0, Mn 0.1, Cu 0.01, Mo 1.0, B 0.1; F. poae Fe 1.0, Zn 0.1, Mn 0.1, Cu 1.0, Mo 0.1, B0.1, F. bulbigneum Fe 10.0, Zn 1.0, Mn 1.0, Cu 1.0, Mo 0.01, B 1.0. Concentrations higher than the optimum were inhibitory to the respective fungi. PMID- 39223 TI - Anaesthesia in Saudi Arabia: development, problems, present status. PMID- 39224 TI - Difficulties of establishing modern anaesthesia in a developing country: problems -recommendations. PMID- 39225 TI - [Formation of higher alcohols by Saccharomyces carlsbergensis from branched-chain amino acids and their keto analogs]. AB - A new method of chemical synthesis of alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (the keto analogue of L-leucine) is described. It has been shown that the resting cells of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis 776, in the stationary state of biomass, produce mainly higher alcohols: isobutanol from L-valine and its keto analogue; optically active amylol only from L-isoleucine and its keto analogue; isoamylol only from L leucine and its keto analogue. "Nonspecific" formation of n-propanol from L valine, L-isoleucine and their keto analogues, as well as that of isobutanol from L-isoleucine and its keto analogue, has been also found at pH 7.0. Formation of higher alcohols from alpha-keto acids has an acidic pH optimum while that from L amino acids has a neutral or a weakly alkaline pH optimum. Formation of isobutanol from L-valine is an exception. The dependence of higher alcohol formation on the pH and the kinetics of their accumulation suggest that higher alcohols are produced from L-amino acids in at least three sequential reactions: transamination, decarboxylation of the keto analogue being formed, and reduction of the aldehyde; formation of higher alcohols from alpha-keto acids involves two reactions: decarboxylation and reduction. Transamination and decarboxylation are limiting steps in the process in the former case, and decarboxylation in the latter. PMID- 39226 TI - [Lactate oxidation by Hansenula anomala cells]. AB - Lactate oxidation by freeze-dried cells of Hansenula anomala was studied in the presence of exogenous electron acceptors, potassium ferricyanide (PF) and phenazine metosulfate (PMS). The product of oxidation is pyruvate. The apparent Michaelis constants for lactate, PF and PMS are 1.2, 0.6 and 0.05, respectively. The pH optimum of lactate oxidation is 8.0. The freeze-dried cells of the yeast are inactivated by 5 mM bromopyruvate by 50% within 1.5 min. Treatment of the intact cells with ultrasound activates them. The respiratory function of the cells is characterized with a KM(app.) of 0.05 mM in the presence of lactate. PF has no effect on respiration. A scheme is proposed for lactate oxidation by the cells with damaged membranes whose amount after lyophilization is 10--20%. PMID- 39227 TI - [Cell adhesion in a chemostat culture of Candida utilis under the influence of supraoptimal temperature and elevated acidity]. AB - The effect of the supraoptimal temperature (38, 40 degrees C) on the chemostat culture of Candida utilis was studied. The above factor caused a part of the biomass to float as a thin layer of foam to the surface of the medium. After an hour, the concentration of the cells on the surface could be four times as high as that within the medium. The content of protein was the same in the cells taken from the surface and from the depth. Singular cells or their groups (2 or 4--8 cells) were found deep in the medium whereas cells on the surface were aggregated forming conglomerates of 20--100 and more cells. The simultaneous action of the elevated tmperature and the acid pH value made flotation of cells onto the surface more stable and protracted (it could be maintained in a chemostat for weeks). PMID- 39228 TI - [Candida mycoderma growth inhibition with phenol and the autoselection of resistent forms under continuous pH-stat cultivation]. AB - The effect of phenol on the growth rate and respiration was studied with the yeast Candida mycoderma cultivated in the pH-static conditions with continuous recording of the principal kinetic parameters of the population. The kinetics of growth inhibition with phenol was studied. Adaptation of the culture in terms of the growth rate and the rate of oxygen uptake was detected within 10--15 hours of cultivation. A new strain of C. mycoderma Phen. R. isolated using the technique of autoselection upon continuous cultivation for a long period of time, at a phenol concentration of 1.5 g/l in the growth medium, had an elevated growth rate (2.2 times higher) in these conditions as compared with the parent culture and required less oxygen. PMID- 39229 TI - Hospital assistants in Malaysian rural health care. PMID- 39230 TI - [Therapy of tparkinson's disease. Clinical and pharmacological viewpoints]. PMID- 39231 TI - [New treatment possibilities for hemophiliacs. International symposium "DDAVP in Bleeding Disorders", Munster, 16-17 March 1979]. PMID- 39232 TI - [New antihypertensive agents]. PMID- 39233 TI - [The effect of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent on driving capability (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of Betadrenol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, was studied by means of traffic psychology tests in 29 male patients with cardiovascular disorders. The age range was 29 to 60 years. After a 7-day wash-out period, each subject received either 3 x 100 mg Betadrenol or a placebo daily during three days. Subsequently every patient was given 3 x 100 mg of Betadrenol daily during another ten days. The short-term double-blind study revealed no impairment of driving performance. The results of the open study showed significant improvements, especially in concentration and speed of reaction. PMID- 39234 TI - [Prognosis of foci of transmissible viral infections in the central part of the Ob-Caspian Canal (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 39235 TI - [Sexual sterilization of male blood-sucking mosquitoes by contact with a thiophosphamide-treated surface]. PMID- 39236 TI - American Association of Physicists in Medicine. 21st annual meeting, 29 July-2 August 1979, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Atlanta, Georgia. Scientific paper abstracts. PMID- 39237 TI - The impact of benzodiazepines on clinical practice--considerations for therapeutic use. PMID- 39238 TI - 121st Annual Session: Missouri State Medical Association. PMID- 39239 TI - Quantitative resolution of beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes by selective ligand binding: application of a computerized model fitting technique. PMID- 39240 TI - Selective alteration in high affinity agonist binding: a mechanism of beta adrenergic receptor desensitization. PMID- 39241 TI - Ascorbate destruction of opiate stereospecific binding in guinea pig brain homogenate. PMID- 39242 TI - Interaction of phenothiazines and lower aliphatic alcohols with erythrocyte membranes: a scanning calorimetric study. PMID- 39243 TI - The pharmacological specificity of beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors in rat heart and lung in vitro. PMID- 39244 TI - Inhibitors of microtubule assembly enhance beta-adrenergic and prostaglandin E1 stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in S49 lymphoma cells. PMID- 39245 TI - Striatal tyrosine hydroxylase: comparison of the activation produced by depolarization and dibutyryl-cAMP. PMID- 39246 TI - Simultaneous determination of beta-1 and beta-2-adrenergic receptors in tissues containing both receptor subtypes. PMID- 39247 TI - Reconstitution of N1-methylnicotinamide and p-aminohippuric acid transport in phospholipid vesicles with a protein fraction isolated from dog kidney membranes. PMID- 39248 TI - Multiple apparent alpha-noradrenergic receptor binding sites in rat brain: effect of 6-hydroxydopamine. PMID- 39249 TI - Agonist-specific effects of guanine nucleotides on alpha-adrenergic receptors in human platelets. PMID- 39250 TI - Nucleoside phosphotransferase of chick embryo. AB - This paper describes a purification procedure and some properties of a nonspecific nucleoside phosphotransferase of chick embryo, an activity which catalyzes the transfer of chick embryo, an activity which catalyzes the transfer of the phosphate ester from a deoxyribonucleotide or a pyrimidine ribonucleotide to a deoxyribonucleoside acceptor. The enzyme is very unstable to heat, dilution and dialysis and it is almost entirely inactivated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography or gel filtration. A marked enhancement in its stability is caused by numerous nucleotides. In these experiments at least 920-fold purification was obtained by using dTTP (50 microM) as nucleotide protector. The enzyme, purified in presence of dTTP, has a molecular weight about 270,000, an isoelectric point of 6.27, a pH optimum of 8.8 and is stable at 37 degrees C at least for 10 min. In absence of nucleotide protector, nucleoside phosphofranserferase is connected at 37 degrees C or by gel filtration in a very small active form with a lower molecular weight (about 30,000) and a pH optimum of 7.6. PMID- 39251 TI - Sodium azide-induced mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Sodium azide (0.5--2.0 X 10(-5) M), applied for 24 h on cells growing in complete medium, increased up to 26 times the frequency of reversions and locus-specific suppressor mutations of allele ilv1-92 in diploid strain D7 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Similarly, it enhanced the frequency of reversions and/or mitotic gene conversions of alleles trp5-12/trp5-27 up to 19 times. Reconstruction experiments showed that the increase of mutations in complete medium was not due to a selection of prototrophic types under growth conditions and, therefore, that sodium azide acts as a weak mutagen in S. cerevisiae under growth conditions at a low pH. No mutagenic or convertogenic effect was observed when azide was applied to resting cells in buffer at pH 4.2. PMID- 39252 TI - Exercise-induced asthma: Observations on the initiating stimulus. PMID- 39253 TI - Pertussis vaccine--an analysis of benefits, risks and costs. AB - Using decision analysis, we estimated the benefits, risks and costs of routine childhood immunization against pertussis. Without an immunization program, we predict that there would be a 71-fold increase in cases and an almost fourfold increase in deaths (2.0 to 7.6) per cohort of one million children. With a vaccination program, we predict 0.1 case of encephalitis associated with pertussis and five cases of post-vaccination encephalitis; without a program, there would be only 2.3 cases of encephalitis associated with pertussis. Community vaccination would reduce by 61 per cent the costs related to pertussis. Our analysis supports continuation of vaccination in routine childhood immunization programs, but suggests the need for more reliable data on complications from the vaccine, further study of the epidemiology of pertussis and development of a less toxic vaccine. PMID- 39254 TI - [Influence of temperature, pH and glucidic substrates on the growth and conidiogenesis of Arthroderma (trichophyton) simii Stockdale]. AB - Growth and conidiogenesis of the (+) IMI 101 693 and (-) IMI 101 695 strains of Trichophyton simii were compared at several temperatures (20 to 40 degrees C) and various pH (pH 4 to 9) and were correlated with the concentration of glucose (20 to 100 g/l) or other glucidic substrates (10 g/l). Although the development of both strains was optimal between 25 to 33 degrees C at pH 6 and with 10 g/l of glucose, the (-) strain always growed less than the (+) strain. Conidiogenesis was inhibited by sucrose in the (-) strain and by lactose in the (+) strain. PMID- 39255 TI - Perinatal carcinogenesis. PMID- 39256 TI - Morphological and biochemical maturation of neurones cultured in the absence of glial cells. PMID- 39257 TI - Clostridium botulinum can grow and form toxin at pH values lower than 4.6. AB - It is generally accepted that in Clostridium botulinum both growth and toxin formation are completely inhibited at pH values below 4.6. This critical pH value has been confirmed by many investigators using food as substrate or culture media. Occasionally growth of C. botulinum and toxin formation at pH values lower than 4.6 have been reported. In these cases the authors ascribed the unexpected outgrowth and toxin formation to local pH differences in inhomogeneous media and growth of C. botulinum before pH equilibration, or to the fact that fungi created microenvironments within or adjacent to the mycelial mat, where the pH was higher than 4.6 as was demonstrated by Odlaug and Pflug. We show here that the general assumption that C. botulinum does not grow below pH 4.6 is incorrect. We have observed that growth and toxin formation by C. botulinum can take place in homogeneous protein rich substrates (containing 3% or more soya or milk protein) at pH values lower than 4.6. PMID- 39258 TI - A comparison of the influence of N-isopropyl and N-tert butyl substituents on the affinity of ligands for sinoatrial beta-adrenoceptors in rat atria and beta adrenoceptors coupled to the adenylyl cyclase in kitten ventricle. PMID- 39259 TI - Depression of exploratory activity by clonidine in rats as a model for the detection of relative pre- and postsynaptic central noradrenergic receptor selectivity of alpha-adrenolytic drugs. PMID- 39260 TI - Investigations on the mechanism of cyclic guanosine monophosphate increase due to depolarizing agents as studied with sea anemone toxin II in mouse cerebellar slices. AB - Sea anemone toxin II (ATX II) and MCD-peptide, like other depolarizing agents, raise the content of cGMP and to a lesser extent of cAMP in mouse cerebellar slices. Na+ influx and Ca2+ movement are involved in their mode of action, as indicated by the following observations: 1. The rise of cGMP due to ATX II, MCD peptide and high potassium was diminished when Na+ had been replaced by Li+. 2. The effects of both toxins and veratridine, but not of high potassium stimulation were prevented by tetrodotoxin (TTX). 3. The cGMP accumulation due to both toxins was abolished in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. 4. The so-called Ca2+ antagonist (-)-D-600 blocked the increase of cGMP due to ATX II, MCD-peptide, veratridine and high potassium. 5. ATX II stimulated the 45Ca2+ uptake in mouse cerebellar slices which was prevented by TTX and (-)-D-600. PMID- 39262 TI - [Neuropeptides and behavior. The neuropeptide concept]. PMID- 39261 TI - The effect of vanadate on human kidney potassium dependent phosphatase. AB - This study examined the effects of vanadate on the potassium dependent phosphatase activity present in purified human kidney microsomal (Na+ + K+) adenosine triphosphatase. Vanadate anion inhibited the K+-dependent phosphatase at a K1 of 35 nM. This inhibition was noncompetitive with the substrate, p nitrophenylphosphate. The inhibition by vanadate at 1 mM K+ was only 45% of the inhibition that was observed at 10 mM K+. Neither preincubation of the enzyme with vanadate, nor changing the pH of the assay from 8.2 to 7.2 had any effect on the K1 for vanadate. The inclusion of 2.5 mM isoproterenol, to complex the yanadate, reversed the inhibition, as did diluting the enzymatic reaction. Vanadate also inhibited the overall (Na+ + K+)-ATPase reaction at a K1 of 1.91 microM. This inhibition was also reversible upon inclusion of isoproterenol in the assay. Increasing the level of magnesium from 6 mM to 30 mM lowered the K1 of vanadate to 0.25 microM. The possible role of vanadate as a physiological mediator of (Na+ + k+)-atpase activity is discussed. PMID- 39263 TI - [Regulation of neurotransmission by neuropeptides]. PMID- 39264 TI - [The neurochemical action mechanism of neuropeptides]. PMID- 39265 TI - [The physiological significance of neuropeptides for adaptive behavior]. PMID- 39266 TI - [The effect of neuropeptides on the signal function of narcotic analgesics]. PMID- 39267 TI - Oxygen consumption during maintenance hemodialysis. AB - The influence of hemodialysis on oxygen consumption was studied in 15 patients on maintenance dialysis. Red cell 2,3-DPG, P50, an inverse measure of oxygen affinity of hemoglobin, arterial and central venous blood gases and cardiac index were measured. 2,3-DPG remained unchanged, whereas in vivo P50 fell significantly during dialysis due to a rise of pH (Bohr effect). Arterial PO2 was lower after than before dialysis, but arterial and central venous oxygen saturations did not change significantly. Cardiac index increased from 3.66 to 4.0k liter/min/m2. Oxygen consumption rose from 120.5 to 131.7 ml/min/m2 (p less than 0.05), the rise being accounted for by an increase in cardiac index and by a slight post dialysis hemoconcentration. However, even correcting for these parameters did not reveal a decrease in oxygen consumption. It is concluded that, contrary to previous assumptions, the hemodialysis-induced rise in pH with its consequent increase of oxygen hemoglobin affinity did not impair oxygen delivery in this group of patients on maintenance dialysis. PMID- 39268 TI - Effect of renal physicochemical milieu on stimulation of human lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin. AB - The effect of changes in certain physicochemical parameters, analogous to those occurring in the kidney, on stimulation of normal human lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin was studied. Increase in osmolality by sucrose or urea, and increases in concentration of sodium, potassium and calcium all significantly inhibited stimulation while magnesium did not. Lowering pH to 6.8 and 6.5 inhibited stimulation. Raising the pH to 8.0 had no effect bu at pH 8.4 stimulation was decreased. The effect was largely but not entirely due to decrease in viability. PMID- 39269 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of sodium nitroprusside]. PMID- 39270 TI - Effects of cyclobenzaprine on spinal synaptic transmission. PMID- 39271 TI - Anti-anxiety action of diazepam after intra-amygdaloid application in the rat. PMID- 39272 TI - Meeting abstracts, thirty-first annual meeting of the Southern Neurosurgical Society, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, March 21 to 24, 1979. PMID- 39273 TI - Neuron-glia interactions. PMID- 39274 TI - Detecting MLD carriers. PMID- 39275 TI - Use of biofeedback in systematic densensitization of phobias. PMID- 39276 TI - Gastric stress ulceration: current concepts of pathophysiology and therapy. PMID- 39277 TI - [Regional differences in the sensitivity of the metabolism of coelenterate larvae to external influences]. AB - The regional differences in the sensitivity of protein synthesis and free radical processes to temperature, trypsin, urea and LiCl were studied in Obelia flexuosa by means of autoradiography. The regional differences were also determined with respect to the rate of incorporation and excretion of a labelled aminoacid under the normal conditions. The metabolic reactions of larvae can be divided in primary (the first 30 min following the effect) and subsequent adaptive ones. The primary reactions are characterized by the greater sensitivity of the anterior larval regions to all factors under study. The subsequent reactions are characterized by synchronous and unidirectional metabolic starts in both the anterior and posterior larval regions, the starts being bigger in the anterior regions. The restoration of the normal ratios of metabolic activities of the opposite larval regions does not always correlate with the restoration of the normal absolute level of metabolism. The adaptive reactions are better expressed for protein synthesis, rather than for free radical processes. The anterior larval region has the greatest metabolic non-stability by a series of indices. PMID- 39278 TI - [51st annual congress, Lille, 4-7 May 1978. French Society of Orthodontics]. PMID- 39279 TI - Annual meeting, American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology. Convention Center, Las Vegas. September 10-13, 1978. Section on instruction. PMID- 39280 TI - Annual meeting, American Academy of Otorhinolaryngology. Convention Center, Las Vegas. September 10-13, 1978. Scientific session. Abstracts. PMID- 39281 TI - [Age-related changes and the ecological problems of the preimaginal phases of Mansonia richiardii (Culicidae)]. PMID- 39282 TI - Functions of endothelium. PMID- 39283 TI - [Participation of the autoimmune mechanism of regulating chemical homeostasis in reactions to exposure to stress]. PMID- 39284 TI - Abstracts. Seventh annual meeting. The European Society for Paediatric Haematology and Immunology. Oslo, Norway, June 11-13, 1979. PMID- 39285 TI - Pneumococcal bacteremia in infants and children: a ten-year experience at the Cook County Hospital with special reference to the pneumococcal serotypes isolated. AB - In a ten-year period we identified 305 hospitalized children with a pneumococcal bacteremia. From these children 293 pneumococcal isolates were serotyped, and 90% belonged to a group of 11 "prevalent serotypes." These 11 serotypes were the prevalent serotypes isolated from children in all disease categories, as well as from children with sickle-cell disease. No more than 1% of the isolates belonged to any one of the other serotypes. A pneumococcal vaccine effective against these 11 prevalent serotypes should be optimal for use in children. Our highest case fatality rates were noted in children with meningitis (13%) and children with sickle-cell disease (20%). A polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine might not have prevented most of our pneumococcal meningitis, as 80% of these children were less than 1 year old, an age when polysaccharide vaccines are poor antigens. On the other hand, many of our children with sickle-cell disease acquired their pneumococcal bacteremia at an older age and should have benefitted from such a vaccine. PMID- 39286 TI - [Neuroleptics and metoclopramide hypersensitivity]. PMID- 39287 TI - [French Pediatric Society. Meetings of Bordeaux and of the South-West Region. I. Meeting at Bordeau, February 21, 1978. Abstracts]. PMID- 39288 TI - [French Pediatric Society. Meetings of Bordeaux and of the South-West Region. II. Meeting at Bordeaux, November 7, 1978. Abstracts]. PMID- 39289 TI - Intracellular pH changes during experimental sustained hypercapnia. AB - During various time periods lasting 3--28 days rats were continuously exposed to FICO2 = 0.08 or 0.16 in normoxic conditions, pHi was measured by the 3H-inulin and 14C-DMO method in the erythrocyte, the gastrocnemius and in the whole body. The erythrocyte acid base disturbances were linked to the extracellular acidosis. The muscle and the mean body pHi developments were the same during 9 or 14 days depending on the FICO2. They diverged after 28 days at FICO2 = 0.08 (Tables and Fig. 2). This could be explained as an acid base reaction of the "non-muscular" part of the whole body intracellular compartment which may be different from the acid base development of the muscular mass. A short term (1 h) acute hypercapnia (FICO2 - 0.20--0.22) was superimposed on the sustained hypercapnia (FICO2 = 0.16). Acid base disturbance was greater when the acute hypercapnia was added at the beginning (3rd day) of the CO2 exposure (Fig.1). PMID- 39291 TI - The Durham Septembrists. PMID- 39290 TI - Excitation-contraction coupling in frog sartorius and the role of the surface charge due to the carboxyl group of sialic acid. AB - Frog sartorius muscle fibres were incubated with the enzyme neuraminidase which is known to remove surface-bound sialic acids. The sialic acid content of the incubation media was analysed, and the relationship between the threshold of contraction and the altered pH and divalent cation concentration was investigated. The threshold potential of fibres treated with 3.3, 5 or 6.7 units of neuraminidase (at pH 5.5 and 30 degrees C for 2 h) was more positive than that of the control muscle fibres incubated under the same conditions, but without the enzyme. The potential shift is positively correlated with the enzyme concentration and with the amount of sialic acid released. After incubation with 5 units of neuraminidase the potential shift rose to +8.5 mV, depending on [Ca2+]0, [Mg2+]0 and pH. The threshold shift is greatest at low divalent cation concentration (0.5 mM), and not significant at high concentrations of divalent cations (50 mM). In both neuraminidase-treated and control muscles, the effectiveness of Mg2+ is half of that of Ca2+. The dependence of the contraction threshold on pH in the range 5.5--10 is even more pronounced in enzyme-treated than in control muscle fibres. Resting potential, time-course and overshoot of action potential are not affected by treatment with neuraminidase. Threshold shifts are explained by shifts of an external surface potential upon variation of [Ca2+]0, [Mg2+]0 and pH. Treating the muscles with neuraminidase diminishes the net negative charge density, and hence shifts the surface potential to more positive values, by release of negatively charged sialic acid. The different effectiveness of Ca2+ and Mg2+ is ascribed to their different effectiveness of Ca2+ Mg2+ is ascribed to their different binding behaviour towards the negative surface charges. PMID- 39292 TI - Photodimerization of chlorpromazine radical CPZS.+ under the irradiation of UV light. AB - CPZS.+ radical excited at S atom in the phenothiazine ring was obtained by illumination of aqueous solution of chlorpromazine (CPZ..) for 15 min with UV light (303 nm). The radicals in oxygenated solution formed green, dimeric photoproduct CPZSOOSCPZ (m. wt. 628 +/- 1) lambda max. 741.9 nm, IR spectrum 760, 1470, 3400 cm1, fluorescence emission at 485 nm (max. excitation 365 nm). The dimer decomposed in alkaline methanol (pH 10.0) with intensive luminescence (max. at 500 nm). PMID- 39293 TI - Chemical investigation of decomposition processes of pyrazolidine-3,5-dione derivatives. Part 3. Kinetics and mechanism of degradation of ketazone in aqueous solutions and solid phase. AB - Kinetics of decomposition of Ketazone were studied in the Britton-Welford buffer solutions under anaerobic conditions, as well as in the solid state. The sequential type of reaction was found and the first order rate constants for hydrolysis (k1) and decarboxylation (k2) processes were calculated by the so called "subtraction technique". Thermodynamic parameters were used for prediction of ketazone stability at 20 degrees C. S-shaped curves were obtained from the data of solid state kinetic studies. The decomposition products of Ketazone were isolated and identified by means of TLC, elemental analysis, UV and IR spectra and by their appropriate chemical transformations. The mechanisms of decomposition of Ketazone sodium in aqueous solutions and its acidic form in solid state are proposed. PMID- 39295 TI - Diabetes mellitus. Proceedings of a symposium held at the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin on January 20th, 1978. PMID- 39294 TI - Effects of neuroleptics on blood glucose, free fatty acids and liver glycogen levels in the rat. AB - In fed rats the mechanisms of the action of spiroperidol (SPI), chlorpromazine (CPZ), fluphenazine (FLU) and thioridazine (TRZ) blood glucose, liver glycogen, serum free fatty acids (FFA) and K ion levels were investigated. Phenothiazines induced significant hyperglycemic responses with concomitant increase in liver glycogen, elevation of serum FFA and hypokalemia. CPZ and FLU were the most potent and TRZ was least potent in inducing above mentioned metabolic responses, which were most pronounced in 4--6 hr. SPI produced significant hyperglycemia for sorter period of time with a subsequent decrease of liver glycogen. An alpha adrenergic antagonist, phentolamine prevented neuroleptic-induced hyperglycemia, impaired the increase of liver glycogen, partially diminished hyperlipemia and did not substantially change hypokalema occuring following neuroleptics. Antagonist of beta-adrenergic receptor, propranolol did not practically influence metabolic responses to neuroleptics. Adrenalectomy impaired substantially but did not abolish neuroleptic-induced hyperglycemia, indicating that also extraadrenal mechanisma, conceivable impairing glucose utilization and metabolism, are responsible for hyperglycemia induced by neuroleptics. This experiments suggest that phenothiazines may induce hyperglycemic response by activation of alpha adrenergic receptors by contrast to alpha-adrenertic blocking action of these drugs in the central nervous system. PMID- 39296 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease. Part II. PMID- 39297 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine: dose, revaccination, and coadministration with influenza vaccine. PMID- 39298 TI - Interaction of a series of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs with rat hepatic microsomal monooxygenase. PMID- 39299 TI - Psychoactive butyrophenones: binding to human and bovine serum albumin. PMID- 39300 TI - Studies on the mechanism of the interaction of narcotic analgesics with brain serotonin. PMID- 39301 TI - Evidence for the histamine-mediated myotropic effect of angiotensin II in the rabbit aorta. AB - Histamine H1-receptor antagonist mepyramine and H2-receptor antagonist metiamide, respectively diminished and potentiated angiotensin II(A II)-induced myotropic responses in the rabbit aortic strips. The responses of the octapeptide were also inhibited in the presence of histidine decarboxylase inhibitor, 2-hydroxy-5 carbomethoxybenzoxyamine and restored when subcontractile quantities of histamine are added to the inhibitor-containing medium. Inhibition of histamine degradation by aminoguanidine potentiates A II's responses. These results are taken as evidences indicating A II-induced histamine synthesis in the test preparation. PMID- 39302 TI - Reversal of neuroleptic-induced stupor by procyclidin. Two case reports and their theoretical implications. AB - Two case reports and data from literature on the subject are used by the authors to describe characteristics of pathogenetic importance of neuroleptic induced stupor (NIS). The origin of NIS is outlined briefly and some fundamental clinical and experimental facts are presented, all of which stress the importance of the acute blockade of postsynaptic DA-ergic receptors. Emphasis is placed on the significance of the possible relationship and similarity between NIS and catatonic stupor, and on the theoretical possibilities which this offers. PMID- 39303 TI - [Incidence of anonymous medication before admission to the hospital (author's transl)]. AB - Only about 1/4 of the statements made by the patients or accompanying persons regarding preclinical medication proved to be true. In about 66% of the cases 1- 5 drugs were not stated during the first interview, while in 10% of the cases more drugs were stated than had actually been taken. Among the substances which had remained anonymous, the main shares are represented by benzodiazepines (28%), narcotic drugs (19%), neuroleptics (15%) and alcohol (15%). If one relates the number of false statements to the individual patients grouped according to diagnoses, the relatively highest quota of defaulters is found among the addicts, namely, 100%. This means that all the addicts had made false statements. The second rank is occupied by the alcoholic group who made 66% false statements, followed by the patients suffering from psychoses with 52% false statement, and the depressive patients with 47% false statements. PMID- 39304 TI - Case 4: The day hospital treatment of a schizophrenic patient. Day hospital grand rounds. PMID- 39305 TI - The scientific status of electro-convulsive therapy. PMID- 39306 TI - The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia revisited. PMID- 39307 TI - A monitoring test for the liability of neuroleptic drugs to induce tardive dyskinesia. AB - Two Cebus apella monkeys with haloperidol-induced tardive dyskinesia have been studied. Substitution of chlorpromazine, thioridazine, clozapine, melperone, or fluphenazine for the daily haloperidol administration temporarily reduced the signs of tardive dyskinesia. In a monkey with low-grade symptoms, persisting for more than 100 days after withdrawal of haloperidol, neuroleptic drugs induced a typical sequence of events: first the dyskinetic movements were abolished, but 1- 3 days after administration of a single dose of a neuroleptic drug there was a rebound worsening of symptoms. It was noticed that this aggravation of symptoms corresponded in magnitude and duration to the approximate liability of each compound to induce tardive dyskinesia in man. It is therefore suggested that this animal model could be used to monitor neurological side effects in neuroleptic drugs. PMID- 39308 TI - Failure of MIF-I to affect behavioral responses in patients with Parkinson's diseases under L-dopa therapy. AB - In eight subjects with Parkinson's disease under an optimal daily dose of L-dopa, acute administration of MIF-I (200 mg i.v.) did not ameliorate either the total disability score or the intellectual test PM 38 when evaluated in comparison with the effect induced by acute administration of a placebo. Also concomitant evaluation of the effect of MIF-I on the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones which are under dopaminergic control i.e., growth hormone and prolactin, did not reveal any potentiation of the L-dopa-induced stimulus. PMID- 39309 TI - Swimming capacity of mice after prolonged treatment with psychostimulants. III. Effect of fencamfamine on swimming endurance and availability of metabolic substrates. AB - The effect of long-term treatment with fencamfamine on swimming endurance and availability of metabolic substrates was investigated in mice. Fencamfamine (14 micrograms/g per day orally for 6 weeks) reduced maximum swimming capacity by more than 40%. This effect could not be attributed to motor incoordination or a diminution of pre-swimming levels of metabolic substrates such as liver and muscle glycogen or blood glucose and non-esterfied fatty acids. However, during swimming the hepatic and muscular glycogen stores were depleted more rapidly in the fencamfamine-treated animals. Thus it appears that fencamfamine leads more rapidly to a shortage of combustible substrates in the swimming animals. PMID- 39310 TI - Differential enhancement of locomotor activity by dopamine agonists following chronic morphine treatment. AB - Aniamls were administered increasing doses of morphine for 16 days. During withdrawal they were challenged with an apomorphine ester or lergotrile. These dopamine agonists produced quantitatively different effects on behaviour. The results suggest that chronic morphine administration leads to dopamine supersensitivity which may be anatomically distinct in origin. PMID- 39311 TI - Concurrent etonitazene and water intake in rats: role of taste, olfaction, and auditory stimuli. PMID- 39312 TI - Potentiation of startle response by d- and l-amphetamine: the possible involvement of pre- and postsynaptic alpha-adrenoreceptors and other transmitter systems in the modulation of a tactile startle response. PMID- 39313 TI - Benzodiazepines alter acquisition and retention of an inhibitory avoidance response in mice. AB - These experiments were performed to examine the effects of graded doses of diazepam, flurazepam, or lorazepam given to Swiss-Webster mice either 30 min prior to training or immediately after training in a one-trial inhibitory (passive) avoidance task. A 350 MUA footshock was administered following entry into a darkened compartment and retention was tested three days later. Doses of 10.0 mg/kg diazepam and 20.0 mg/kg lorazepam given before training significantly impaired acquisition, while 1.0 mg/kg flurazepam, given immediately after training, produced retrograde amnesia. These results indicate that benzodiazepines affect memory processes and that various drugs of the benzodiazepine family differentially affect acquisition and memory consolidation. PMID- 39314 TI - Cessation of respiration after far-ultraviolet irradiation of Escherichia coli B/r: loss of unaltered pyridine nucleotides to the medium. PMID- 39315 TI - Invertebrate glia. PMID- 39316 TI - Presynaptic modulation of neurochemical transmission. PMID- 39317 TI - [Immune complex disease equivalents in hepatitis B]. PMID- 39318 TI - [Franco-venetian orthopedic days. May 4-5-6, 1978. (Common meeting between SO.F.C.O.T and venetian medico-surgical society) Monteggia's fractures. Abstracts]. PMID- 39319 TI - [Physiopathological and therapeutical considerations of Prinzmetal's angina. Apropos of 7 cases]. PMID- 39320 TI - [Various cases of nephropathy caused by systemic vasculitis]. PMID- 39321 TI - [Sympathetic control on salivary secretion by the parotid gland in rabbit. II. Effects upon the gland submitted to a weak parasympathetic stimulation (author's transl)]. AB - Superior cervical ganglion stimulation significantly increases both, flow and amylase activity of saliva. Stimulation provokes two markedly different periods of flow: during the first half, flow is very high and differs significantly from the flow of the second half which closely resembles the one previous to stimulation. Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents, when administered intravenously, abolish the hypersecretion induced by sympathetic stimulation; beta-adrenergic blocking agents do not. These facts strengthen the hypothesis that alpha adrenoceptors are most important in fluid secretion. The infusion of epinephrine acts similarly on cervical ganglion stimulation, but it differs because of its more diffuse effects and deeper cardiovascular alterations. Isoproterenol, after a long latency period, slightly increases salivary flow, which seemingly indicates that beta-adrenoceptors are involved in the fluid secretory processes although in a lesser degree than alpha-adrenoceptors. PMID- 39322 TI - Effect of the pH on intestinal absorption of sugars in vivo. AB - Influence of the pH on the absorption rate of sugars by rat intestine in vivo has been revised by means of a technique for intestinal lumen perfusion with 1 minute absorption periods. Absorption at pH 2.5, 5, 7, 8.5, and 10 has been comparied in each animal. Absorption rate of D-glucose, D-galactose and D-fructose is highest at pH 7 and decreases at the lower or higher pH values. The pH does not affect the absorption of D-arabinose. The pH effect is attributed to changes in the transport system for sugars. PMID- 39323 TI - A simple and efficient method for preparation of immunoelectrophoretically pure guinea pig IgM and isolation of monospecific anti-IgM antibodies. AB - This report describes experimental conditions developed for the rapid and efficient preparation of guinea pig IgM in a purified form and in high yield. A combined immunization procedure had to be designed to obtain sufficiently high IgM concentrations in guinea pig serum. The isolation procedure includes precipitation at low pH, followed by sedimentation at 110,000 g and reverse flow gel chromatography on Sephades G-200. Furthermore,we describe in detail the isolation of relatively large amounts of pure and specific anti-guinea pig mu chain antibodies by immunoaffinity chromatography. PMID- 39324 TI - Metabolic changes during prolonged total parenteral nutrition in intensive care. AB - Intensive care patients receiving prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN) developed alterations of liver function tests, seen in the activity of certain serum enzymes. Hepatomegaly and jaundice sometimes appeared. The changes in chemical pathology were in serum transaminases activity (GOT, GPT, GDH); alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase as indices of cholestasis; lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase, as enzymes related to energy metabolism; pseudocholinesterase, as a protein metabolism-related enzyme. The possible causes of these alterations in critically ill patients undergoing TPN are considered and a functional final metabolic interpretation is proposed. PMID- 39325 TI - [Plasma clearance of bromsulphalein in patients with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis mansoni]. PMID- 39326 TI - [3d Latin and Portuguese Congress of Rheumatology. October 9-12, 1978. Lisbonne]. PMID- 39327 TI - The effect of beta-adrenergic and cholinergic blockade on the circadian rhythm of gastrins in serum. AB - The importance of beta-adrenergic and cholinergic mechanisms to the circadian rhythm of gastrins in serum was studied in 15 healthy volunteers. The subjects were investigated during peroral treatment with 1) a beta-adrenergic blocking drug (propranolol), 2) an anticholinergic drug (glycopyrron), 3) both drugs, and 4) without treatment. Gastrin concentrations were measured with an antiserum that measures all four main components of gastrin in serum, and with a gastrin-17 specific antiserum. A circadian rhythm was observed with both antisera. The total immunoreactivity in serum increased from 39 pg per ml +/- 3 (mean and S.E.M.) in the morning to a peak at 2300 (77 +/- 7), followed by a nadir at 0400 (38 +/- 2). The circadian rhythm was maintained during administration of the drugs, but the concentrations of component III (gastrin-17) were reduced by beta-adrenergic blockade, while the anticholinergic treatment increased the concentrations of the other gastrin components. The inhibition of gastric secretion of acid by anticholinergics is presumably due to an action on the parietal cells; according to this study, the inhibition is connected by an increased gastrin stimulus. Beta adrenergic blockade, on the other hand, seems to reduce the gastrin stimulus and might be of therapeutical interest in duodenal ulcer disease. PMID- 39328 TI - Influence of body position, dry and water swallows, smoking, and alcohol on esophageal acid clearing. AB - Esophageal acid clearing in normal subjects was studied in different body positions, with an assessment of reproducibility, after dry and water swallows, after smoking, and after alcohol intake. A significant increase in the number of swallows to raise the distal esophageal pH to 5.0 was found in the head-down position (p less than 0.003), after smoking (p less than 0.003), and after alcohol intake (p less than 0.001). It is proposed that the outcome of the acid clearing test reflects both the transporting capacity of the esophageal muscles and the production of saliva. The precision of the acid-clearing test is not satisfactory, which makes it unsuitable for use in individual cases. It seems, however, well fitted for evaluation of esophageal acid clearing in larger samples. PMID- 39329 TI - Pancreatic secretion obtained by endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct and secretin release after duodenal acidification in man. AB - The main pancreatic duct was cannulated in 12 individuals with a teflon catheter by means of a side-viewing duodenscope. Six individuals received a duodenal infusion of 40 ml 100 mmol/l HCl over 5 min, while the other six served as controls for basal pancreatic secretion. Pancreatic juice was collected in 5-min samples, and blood was frequently drawn for radioimmunoassay of immunoreactive secretin (IRS). In the control group, during 20-min cannulation of the main pancreatic duct, no effect was seen on basal secretion of water, bicarbonate, or alpha-amylase--nor did the IRS levels change. After duodenal acidification there was a significant increase in IRS (p less than 0.02), reaching the highest level at 7 min. The mean flow rate, bicarbonate concentration, and bicarbonate output showed a significant increase as compared to the control group (p less than 0.02), the highest levels being reached in the third 5-min period after the start of the duodenal acidification. The alpha-amylase output was also significantly higher after acidification (p less than 0.02) than in the control group, but the mean alpha-amylase concentration decreased after acidification, reaching its nadir in the third 5-min sample (p less than 0.02). The present results demonstrate a basal and HCl-stimulated pancreatic secretion collected by endoscopic cannulation of the main pancreatic duct in man together with plasma IRS levels. PMID- 39330 TI - Salt-losing diarrhoea in idiopathic proctocolitis. AB - The faecal output of chloride, sodium and potassium was studied in 14 patients with active idiopathic proctocolitis, in an attempt to establish a relationship between faecal electrolyte output and acid-base balance data. 7 patients with ileostomy and 8 healthy volunteers were used as controls. The daily faecal excretion of chloride and sodium in proctocolitis was significantly in excess of normal, whereas that of potassium was within the normal range. From the comparison with the results in patients with ileostomy it is concluded that colitic colon has an impaired capacity to absorb chloride and sodium but retains the ability to secrete potassium. The intestinal loss of chloride in addition to that of sodium and water may be regarded as a salt-losing diarrhoea and may account for the metabolic alkalosis commonly found in proctocolitis. PMID- 39331 TI - Effect of intragastric bile on canine lower oesophageal sphincter pressure. AB - The effect of intragastric bile on lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) pressure was studied in 7 dogs. Five ml of fresh canine bile was instilled into the stomach, and its effect on LES pressure and intragastric pH was observed for one hour. In a control study 5 ml of physiological saline was used instead of bile. Bile instillation led to a statistically significant increase in LES pressure, which reached its maximum in 20 min. LES pressure returned to the resting level in 60 min. Saline instillation produced no signficant change in LES pressure. The rise in intragastric pH was slight and equal in both groups. The results suggest that bile contamination of gastric juice, at least one of short duration, does not have any immediate harmful effect on LES competence in the dog. PMID- 39332 TI - Gastro-oesophageal acid reflux and oesophageal peristalsis. Method for 12-hour simultaneous recording of pH and peristaltic activity in the oesophagus. PMID- 39333 TI - Pathology of gastrointestinal endocrine cells. PMID- 39334 TI - Biology of schizophrenia subtypes: a review and proposal for method of study. PMID- 39335 TI - [Congress of the Swiss Association for Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, Basel, November 16, 1978]. PMID- 39336 TI - [122nd Meeting of the Swiss Neurological Society together with the Swiss Association of Neurosurgery, November 17, 1978 in Basel]. PMID- 39337 TI - [The shape of fibrin-monomer molecules in solution]. AB - Human fibrin monomers after thrombin and reptilase proteolysis can be kept in solution at pH 4.6. Using dynamic light scattering, the hydrodynamic data of these two monomer solutions and of fibrinogen in the same buffer were compared to fibrinogen at pH 7.4. The translational diffusion coefficient DT20W of fibrinogen at pH 7.4 was 1.95 +/- 3% 10(-7).cm2.sec-1 and the rotational diffusion coefficient DR20,W 50,000 +/- 30%.sec-1. The corresponding DT and DR for the two monomer solutions and fibrinogen at pH 4.6 did not significantly deviate from the above values. It is concluded that enzymatic proteolysis of fibrinogen, triggering release of the aminoterminal fibrinopeptides A and B, does not produce a major conformational change in the resulting monomers. PMID- 39338 TI - [Antithrombocyte autoantibodies with in vitro activity in the complement fixation test at pH values below 7.1 ("Pseuod-aspirin-thrombocytopenia")]. PMID- 39339 TI - Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in familial dysautonomia. AB - Tyrosine hydroxylase antigen was localized immunohistochemically in sympathetic neurons from human autopsy tissue. The reaction persists in paraffin-embedded tissue, and the method is applicable to archival specimens. Increased amounts in this antigen per cell may partially compensate for decreased numbers of sympathetic neurons in familial dysautonomia. PMID- 39340 TI - Effect of beta-endorphin on calcium uptake in the brain. AB - The uptake of 45Ca2+ by nerve-ending fractions from brains of mice was inhibited in vitro by 10(-9)M concentrations of beta-endorphin and in mice injected intraventricularly with 7 picomoles of beta-endorphin. That the effect was a specific opiate agonist response of beta-endorphin was demonstrated by use of the opiate antagonist, naloxone, which reversed the action. A role for beta-endorphin in the regulation of calcium flux and neurotransmitter release should be considered. PMID- 39341 TI - Erythrosin B inhibition of neurotransmitter accumulation by rat brain homogenate. AB - A mixture of seven food dyes inhibited the accumulation of eight neurotransmitters or neurotransmitter precursors by rat brain homogenate. At a low concentration (1 microgram per milliliter), erythrosin B (FD&C red 3) was the only dye that inhibited dopamine accumulation. Erythrosin also was effective in decreasing the accumulation of all the other transmitter substances, suggesting that the inhibition is nonspecific and probably secondary to general membrane alteration. PMID- 39342 TI - [A study of a neurotropic product in a rehabilitation centre (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied the effects of tiapride in 28 patients with various painful conditions, tremors and abnormal movements, and behavioural disorders admitted to a Rehabilitation Centre. Good results were obtained in the painful conditions, especially following amputations, and in those with dystonia. Side-effects were very rarely observed, caused little disturbance to the patient, and were immediately reversible. PMID- 39343 TI - [The prevention of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The study on the effect of the "tiapride" on the elements due to the withdrawal syndrome effected on thirty alcoholic patients allows us to draw the following results: failure, 13% studied cases; partial results, 50% very good results, 37%. The effect on the shivering was considered as good, but the effect on insomnia and anxiety was moderate. It appears that the doses which have been used are unsufficient to use this medecine as a "monotherapy". The authors intend to carry on this study using more important doses, taking into account the excellent tolerance observed. PMID- 39344 TI - [Migraines and tiapride. About four observations (author's transl)]. AB - Many therapies have been tried in migraines syndroms without completely successful results. So it seems to us interesting to try the efficiency of triapride in this indication. There were 4 observations of patients treated during six months, at least. they all four showed excellent, or very good results. Clinically, headaches of migraine syndroms have been less frequent and less acute; sometimes they have completely disappeared. So, we think that triapride may, in particular migraines, be useful in long term therapy. PMID- 39346 TI - [Proceedings of Learned Societies. National Academy of Medicine]. PMID- 39345 TI - [A controlled clinical study of Pneumorel Retard tablets in the treatment of chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied the action of Pneumorel retard tablets in the treatment of chronic bronchitis, comparing 2 groups of 20 patients each, one group was prescribed 1 pneumorel retard tablet in the morning and evening and the other group was treated with a speciality associating proteolytic enzymes and balsamics; the 2 groups also received an antibiotic treatment. The duration of the treatments was 20 days, with controls at entry, 10 days and 20 days later. Pneumorel retard showed to be significantly more active on the criteria studied (cough, dyspnea, expectoration, signs of auscultation) and this more often than not from the 10th day of treatment. Clinical and biological tolerance was perfect concerning the hepatic sphere, gastrointestinal, renal or cardiovascular systems. The convenience of the use of Pneumorel retard is particularly indicated in the thorough long-term treatment of chronic bronchitis, in preventing episodes of over-infection, worsening the disease. PMID- 39347 TI - First Symposium on Neural Organization and Function of the Retina. PMID- 39348 TI - Biochemistry and the schizophrenias. AB - This paper reviews the present status of the transmethylation and the dopamine hypotheses of schizophrenia and presents recent data on the definitive identification and measurement of the endogenous hallucinogen, dimethyltryptamine (DMT) in human cerebrospinal fluid and urine. Elevated levels are found in some cases of schizophrenia and of liver disease. Evidence is discussed showing that DMT may be a normal neuroregulatory agent which is responsive to stress or emotional reactions. PMID- 39349 TI - Bancroftian filariasis in a Philippine village: entomological findings. AB - Bancroftian filariasis in an isolated Philippine village has been intensively investigated; this paper reports the entomological findings. Surveys were carried out six months apart in the driest and wettest months. Significant transmission was demonstrated only during the wet season. Aedes poicillius was the major vector of Wuchereria bancrofti. Ae. poicilius accounted for 58% of larvae found in the axils of banana plants and 31% of those in abaca axils; negligible numbers of larvae of this species were found in pandanus and gabi axils. Mosquitoes were collected from indoor harbourages twice weekly for five weeks during the wet season; 615 mosquitoes were caught of which 80% were Ae. poicilius and 9% were Culex quinquefasciatus. 11% of the former and 13% of the latter contained filariae; whereas all stages of development were seen in Ae. poicilius, no development beyond the first stage was seen in Cx. quinquefasciatus. Human bait trapping was used for 110 manhours; 371 mosquitoes were caught of which 58% were Ae. poicilius and 24% were Culex summorosus. Filarial larvae were seen only in Ae. poicilius; 3.7% of mosquitoes were positive and all stages of filarial development were seen. The mean landing/biting rate between 1900 and 0500 hours was 3.37 mosquitoes per man-hour with a maximum of almost seven mosquitoes per man-hour at midnight. Overall, 2.26% of vectors collected in the human studies were infective. There was an average of 3.38 third-stage larvae per infective mosquito. The efficiency of transmision was estimated as 6.1 x 10-5, or one new case of microfilaraemia for every 16, 400 bites by infective mosquitoes in the village population. In contrast to the human studies, large numbers of mosquitoes were caught by animal bait trapping in both the wet and dry seasons. The distribution of mosquito species was similar in the two seasons. Ae. poicillius represented only 1.0-1.5% of all mosquitoes seen. No filarial larvae were seen. It was concluded that transmission of filariasis in the village was inefficient and postulates were advanced to explain the increased intensity and severity of filariasis inmen as compared to women. PMID- 39350 TI - [The 1st journals for feldshers and midwives]. PMID- 39351 TI - The prescription of hypnotics. PMID- 39352 TI - [Application of acid esterase to the study of lymphoproliferative syndromes with peripheral blood involvement (author's transl)]. PMID- 39353 TI - Biochemical genetic analysis of pyrimidine biosynthesis in mammalian cells: III. Association of carbamyl phosphate synthetase, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase in mutants of cultured Chinese hamster cells. AB - Carbamyl phosphate synthetase (EC 2.7.2.9), aspartate transcarbamylase (EC 2.1.3.2), and dihydroorotase (EC 3.5.2.3), the first three enzymes in de novo pyrimidine synthesis in Chinese hamster ovary cell strain Kl (CHO-Kl), cose diment through a glycerol gradient. When an extract from Urd- A, a pyrimidine requiring auxotroph reduced in all three activities, is run on a glycerol gradient, the enzyme activities appear in two peaks higher in the gradient, a peak of aspartate transcarbamylase separated from a peak of carbamyl phosphate synthetase and dihydroorotase. Revertants of Urd- A have increased activity of all three enzymes and give glycerol gradient patterns similar to either CHO-Kl or Urd- A. The gradient pattern for Urd- A and some of its revertants can be mimicked by treating the CHO-Kl cell extract with trypsin. Hybrids made between a CHO-Kl purine-requiring auxotroph (Ade- C) and a Urd- A revertant gave a glycerol gradient pattern which is a composite of the CHO-Kl and revertant patterns. A model is presented for the structure of this multifunctional protein. PMID- 39354 TI - Recovery from lethal Escherichia coli shock in dogs. PMID- 39355 TI - Relative merits of partial splenectomy, splenic reimplantation, and immunization in preventing postsplenectomy infection. AB - Partial splenectomy, splenic autotransplantation, and immunization with pneumococcal vaccine have been reported to protect patients against overwhelming postsplenectomy infection, and this study was undertaken to evaluate these therapeutic alternatives. For this purpose 136 rats were divided into experimental groups: 34 controls, 34 splenectomy, 34 partial splenectomy, and 34 splenic autotransplantation animals. Five weeks after operation, two-thirds of the animals were immunized with killed pneumococci. The effects of operation and immunization were studied by challenging the animals intravenously with pneumococci. Pneumococcal antibody titers were determined, and phagocytic uptake of pneumococci by the spleen and liver was measured. Immunization impressively increased the survival rate in all groups. At low-challenge doses autotransplantation prolonged survival. At higher-challenge doses only partial splenectomy increased survival. Partial splenectomy and control animals had higher antibody titers than did splenectomy and autotransplantation rats. Animals with the highest antibody titers had the greatest splenic and hepatic phagocytic uptake of pneumococci. Partial splenectomy was more efficient in removing pneumococci than was autotransplantation. Thus immunization is one of the most important factors contributing to survival after splenectomy. Partial splenectomy is preferable to splenic autotransplantation because it is associated with higher antibody titers after immunization, better pneumococcal splenic uptake, and improved survival rates. PMID- 39356 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension with torrat in general practice]. PMID- 39357 TI - [The treatment of mental disorders in the chronically ill with Albego]. PMID- 39358 TI - [Analysis of benorylate and its metabolites in blood by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography]. PMID- 39359 TI - [Plasma levels of benorylate and its metabolites in man after single and repeated administration]. PMID- 39360 TI - [Conclusions and practical recommendations. Analgesics and psychotropic drugs administered to patients with chronic pain and good prognosis]. PMID- 39361 TI - [Analgesics and psychotropic drugs administered to patients with chronic pain and bad prognosis]. PMID- 39362 TI - [Sales of analgesics in Norway]. PMID- 39363 TI - [Mechanism action of opiate analgesics]. PMID- 39364 TI - [Side effects of opiates and detoxication regime in opiate abuse]. PMID- 39365 TI - [Opiate analgesics and combination preparations for treatment of chronic pain in nonmalignant diseases]. PMID- 39366 TI - Analgesic and morphine enhancing effect of psychotropic drugs. PMID- 39367 TI - [Endogenous pain inhibiting mechanisms, transmitter substances and effects of psychotropic drugs]. PMID- 39368 TI - [Studies on the persistence of Clostridium botulinum on a cattle farm (author's transl)]. AB - In the winter of 1978-1979, the presence of Clostridium botulinum was studied on a cattle farm, on which botulism caused by feeding the animals contaminated brewers' grains occurred in 1977. Cl. botulinum type B, the cause of mortality among cattle at the time, was detected in grass silage prepared in 1978. This organism was not detectable in a grass silage pit dating from 1977 and made prior to the outbreak of botulism. Investigations showed that proteolytic types of C. botulinum having grass as the substrate may produce large amounts of toxin. The production of toxin in grass silage pits may, however, be prevented by a low pH in conjunction with low water activity. The present study showed that the faeces of cattle were also contaminated with Cl. botulinum type B. The degree of infection ran parallel with the degree of contamination of silage feeding in these cases. PMID- 39369 TI - Cholinephosphotransferase activities in trachea. PMID- 39370 TI - [Isolation and identification of psychotropic drugs by circular chromatography (author's transl)]. AB - The "SelectaSol Solvent System" manufactured by SCHLEICHER and SCHULL is convenient for practical circular chromatography. These new possibilities are suitable to the rapid determination of psychotropic drugs in biological fluids of patients in emergency clinical toxicology. We are comparing circular and linear techniques with regard to the choice of solvent systems, diffusion time, isolation and characterization of implicated drugs. PMID- 39371 TI - [Use of phenazepam for premedication in stomatological interventions]. PMID- 39372 TI - [Effect of benzodiazepine tranquilizers on the autonomic indices of the state of emotional tension in clinical therapeutic stomatology]. PMID- 39373 TI - Induction by thymic fractions of T cell subsets capable of modulating GVHR intensity. AB - Two thymic stromal fractions previously shown to have specific enhancing effects on anatomically distinct T cell populations were tested for their capacity to induce functionally distinct T cell subsets. Parental mice were injected with either soluble thymic fraction (STF) or insoluble thymic fraction (ITF), and their lymphoid cells were harvested 11 days later. It was shown that ITF elicited a splenic corticosensitive T cell subset endowed with enhanced graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR)-inducing capacity. On the other hand, STF increased, mainly in lymph nodes, the number of corticoresistant T cells significantly less active in GVHR. Furthermore, lymphocytes from ITF-treated parental donors could become corticoresistant with reduced GVHR activity after a 1-hr in vitro incubation with STF. We have thus shown that two different elements of the thymic microenvironment could modulate the intensity of the GVHR by modifying the equilibrium between two T cell subsets. These are believed to represent two consecutive differentiation stages. PMID- 39374 TI - The effect of seasonal changes and socio-economic status on urinary pH and specific gravity. AB - Specific gravity and pH of urine in the dry and the wet season in three socio economic Nigerian groups have been studied. Samples were collected at 7 a.m., 11 a.m. and 3 p.m. High-income subjects had a significantly lower urinary pH than low-income. During the wet season pH values were lower than in the dry, but not significantly so. During the day S.G. values did not differ, neither did they in different seasons. But there were significant differences between high and low income groups. S.G. and pH samples of high and low income groups were similar in children and in their parents. In medical students S.G. and pH in 24-hour urines were similar to the morning value of high and middle income groups and were not affected by season, but the volume was. The relevance of these findings is discussed relative to the rarity of urinary calculi in Nigerians. PMID- 39375 TI - Netherlands Society for Parasitology. Combined session with the BION Working Group on Parasitology, Utrecht, October 13th, 1978. PMID- 39376 TI - [Comparison of the hypnotic activity of triazolam and flurazepam]. PMID- 39377 TI - Electron microscopic studies of testes in Kallman syndrome. AB - A patient with Kallman syndrome is presented emphasizing the urologic aspects of this unusual disorder. Testes biopsy at the time of orchiopexy demonstrated infantile testes with interstitial fibrosis and a diminished Leydig and Sertoli cell population. The electron micrograph confirmed type B Sertoli cells. The implications of these findings are discussed and details of treatment given. PMID- 39378 TI - [Urocaninase in the blood, serum and liver of cows]. PMID- 39379 TI - [The meeting of the National Pediatric Section (auxilliary personnel), Bucharest, 25 Nov 1978 on the theme: "Child care - problems, within the family and the community"]. PMID- 39380 TI - [Uterine blood circulation and the state of the fetus (based on rheohysterographic and phonoelectrocardiographic data) during the use of analgesic preparations in labor]. PMID- 39381 TI - [Use of narcotic analgesics for the postoperative anesthetization of oncological patients]. AB - The authors have studied the efficacy of narcotic analgesics in the postoperative period by a complex method, including a psychosomatic questionnaire, spirography, volumetry, analgesiometry, as well as a examination of the cardiovascular system and acid-base balance. Under examination were 183 patients subjected to surgery for tumors of the female genitalia and rectum (a lower laparatomy). The analgesic activity of promedol, omnopone, morphine and polyvinly-morpholidone in routine doses was estimated. It was noted that, if not contraindicated, narcotic analgesics may be successfully employed for analgesia in the early postoperative period. PMID- 39382 TI - Mechanism of action of "intracellular" renal preservation solutions. PMID- 39383 TI - Manganese oxidation by an intracellular protein of a Pseudomonas species. AB - Cultures of a Pseudomonas sp. strain MnB 1 produce an intracellular, manganese oxidizing protein (abbrev. as Mn ox. protein) during the stationary phase of growth. This protein is heat labile, can be inactivated by protease and has a pH optimum for manganese oxidation at pH 7.0. Mn2+ is oxidized only at concentrations below 3-10(-5) M. The occurrence of the protein is not dependent on the presence of Mn2+, but is clearly related to the cessation of growth after the end of the exponential growth phase. Oxygen, coenzymes, and low molecular weight components of the cell extract seem not to be involved in the reaction as electron acceptors for the oxidation of Mn2+. Continued manganese oxidation by Mn ox. protein results in a progressive decrease in activity which corresponds to the amount of formed manganese oxide. PMID- 39384 TI - [Production and characterization of proteases in Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. IV. Spectrum of extracellular proteases during cultivation]. PMID- 39385 TI - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Vibrio marinus, a psychrophilic marine bacterium. AB - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (Fru-P2A) from a psychrophilic marine bacterium was found to be Class II aldolase based on activation by K+, activation by divalent cations, inactivation by EDTA, low molecular weight, and similar values for Km, Vmax, and Arrhenius activation energy. This enzyme was not markedly different in amino acid composition from the enzymes from mesophilic and thermophilic organisms, yet it has unusual thermal properties. PMID- 39386 TI - [The WHO/UNICEF Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, September 6-12, 1978]. PMID- 39388 TI - [Bronchoselective beta stimulators and corticoid aerosols in the treatment of asthma]. AB - In the treatment of the obstructive ventilation disturbance in bronchial asthma the beta 2-receptor stimulants and the inhalable corticoids best proved. With the help of own clinical experiences and studies of literature Arubendol, Salbutamol, Berotec, Auxiloson and Beclomethason are described and it is reported on their bronchospasmolytic qualities as well as their protective effect against repeated acetylcholin and allergen irritation, respectively. They all distinguish themselves by a selective effect on the bronchial system and in therapeutic doses they guarantee the absence of systemic side effects. Though with Arubendol a secure beta 2-receptor stimulants with a good protective effect against acetylcholin and allergen irritation is at our disposal, the application of Berotec and of in inhalable corticoid would be an effective enrichment of our antiasthmatic remedies. PMID- 39387 TI - [Long-term studies on the beta blocker talinolol (cordanum) with special reference to side effects]. AB - 224 patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension, disturbances of cardiac rhythm or hyperkinetic heart syndrome were treated with the cardioselective beta blocker Talinolol (Cordanum) for a period up to 3 years. In 239 examinations in intravenous or peroral application of this medicament we controlled among others the appearance of side effects. This test was carried out with the help of standardised questionings and clinical controls. Apart from registrations of ECG and blood pressure clinico-chemical investigations were included and in the long term experiment also tests by dermatologists, otorhinolaryngologists and ophthalmologists. In the total number of patients the proportion of side appearances was 17,6%, in the long-term experiment (100 patients with on an average 12.9 months) 7%. The symptoms most frequently cited in the initial phase, such as fatigue, weakness, insomnia and nausea receded within 4 weeks apart from few exceptions. There did not appear any essential bradycardic disturbances of the cardiac rhythm, just as little were references to disadvantageous reactions in the sense of a practolol syndrome. PMID- 39389 TI - Polypoid gastric heterotopy of the small intestine in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency belonging to a MEA-family. With particular reference to the ultrastructure of the epithelial cells. AB - A patient with a solitary polypoid gastric heterotopy in the jejunum and severe bleeding as a complication is described. Previous reports on this rare disorder and the conditions of its development are discussed. The patient belongs to a family with multiple endocrine adenomatosis (MEA), some members of which had an alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. The association between the familial disease and the gastric heterotopy in this case might be another argument for the assumed congenital nature of the latter. The polyp was studied by means of light and electron microscopy. It was mostly lined by fundic mucosa and only partially by antral mucosa. Focal foveolar hyperplasia, cysts and lymphoplasmacellular infiltration of the mucosa are regarded as secondary tissue alteration. Parietal cells, chief and endocrine cells were identified. The parietal cells were in the nonsecreting state and appeared in two distinct forms which are described in detail. PMID- 39390 TI - [Skin impedance, an objective criterion of the functional state of the autonomic branches of the nervous system]. PMID- 39391 TI - [Present-day status of the problem of psoriasis and the tasks of its development]. PMID- 39392 TI - [The care of patients with urate calculi]. AB - In patients with urate calculi as well as in endangered persons--formation of calculi in the anamnesis, excretion of calculi or sand, urate diathesis--a regular permanent control and care is also of importance as in every other patient suffering from a chronic renal disease. It would be desirable to establish the actual frequency of urolithiasis by introducing the duty of notification. On this way a network of care units could be established within the leading regional institutions, which would further the elaboration of unitary directives for the examination and treatment of patients. PMID- 39393 TI - [Metabolic studies during urinary diversion by way of the small intestine]. AB - Examinations of the metabolism were carried out in 23 patients with ileal conduit and undisturbed renal function, in order to recognize the causes of stone formation. In the infection calculi they are given with the alkaline urine, when an infection and a urinary retention is present. Perhaps the Ca-oxalate calculi develop within the hyperoxaluris in connection with a reduced citrate urine concentration. Differences in the composition of the conduit and renal pelvis urines could be proved. PMID- 39394 TI - [Best is for children]. PMID- 39395 TI - [Institute of Obstetrics and Pediatrics, a health protection service for women and children in the village]. PMID- 39396 TI - [Forms for improving medical care for the children of a village]. PMID- 39397 TI - [Prenatal protection of the fetus]. PMID- 39398 TI - [Grow up happy!]. PMID- 39399 TI - [Sepsis diagnostic criteria in young infants]. PMID- 39400 TI - [Health of the people is the country's wealth]. PMID- 39401 TI - [Clinical and laboratory criteria for the differential diagnosis of staphylococcal pneumonia in young infants]. PMID- 39402 TI - [Development and successes of pediatric surgery in the Kirghiz SSR]. PMID- 39403 TI - [Nonspecific resistance in acute pneumonia in young infants, permanent residents at various altitudes in the central Tien Shan]. PMID- 39404 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of the virilistic syndrome]. PMID- 39405 TI - [Role of the Soviet Red Cross in the organization of public health]. PMID- 39406 TI - [Active position]. PMID- 39407 TI - [Role of the activists of the Red Cross Society in rendering primary medical and health care to the population of Chu District]. PMID- 39408 TI - [Role of the health actives of the Red Cross Society in rendering primary medical and health care to the workers of industrial enterprises]. PMID- 39409 TI - [Health education of the population of Kirghizistan]. PMID- 39410 TI - [Environmental protection, a concern of all the people]. PMID- 39411 TI - [Healthy child is a reliable future]. PMID- 39413 TI - Northern surgical association. Abstracts. First meeting of the Experimental Research Section. 28th & 29th September 1978, Copenhagen. PMID- 39412 TI - [Comparative tests of various liquid media for the preenrichment of salmonellae from milk powder (author's transl)]. AB - In applying S. mendoza the following four liquid media were tested as to whether they can be used as enrichment broths for salmonellae in milk powder: phosphate buffered water, correspondingly buffered peptone broth, tetrathionate and selenite lactose broth. The yield of salmonellae in these tests is largely independent of the starting pH value of the prepared milk suspension which was varied between 5.8 and 8.2 (Fig. 1). In water the pH dropped within 24 hours (Fig. 2), in peptone and tetrathionate broth within 48 hours down to figures between 4.1 and 4.4 (Fig. 3 and 4), in selenite broth final figures of pH 5.7 were not attained before the lapse of 6 days (Fig. 5). The absolutely highest germ figures were observed in selenite broth. Quite in general the bacteria figure maximum was not attained until the 3rd--5th day, whereupon the germ figures dropped again. In peptone broth the introduced salmonellae were recovered in 73% of all cases after the lapse of 24 hours. Also in tetrathionate the success quota was about 73%, but part of it (8%) did not increase until a lapse of more than 72 hours incubation time, although the pH had already become strongly acid some days previously. In water the introduced salmonellae were traced only in 67%, in selenite broth even only in 61%. Also the time until the first detection increased a little in these media (Table 1). The period during which salmonellae were traceable was equally highest in peptone broth being 57% relative to the complete testing period (tetrathionate: 55%, water: 51%, selenite: 39% (Table 1). This permits the conclusion that peptone broth is the best preenrichment medium in which salmonellae may become traceable after a lapse of approx. 24 hours. Not considerably more unfavourable is the tetrathionate broth which so far had been considered as an exclusive selectivity medium. In this context it is, however, necessary to face the possibility that predamaged salmonellae do not begin to increase until the end of some days incubation and even at a strongly acid pH. PMID- 39414 TI - Divergent types of acidosis in chronic renal failure. PMID- 39415 TI - Arterial carbon dioxide tensions during anaesthesia with manual ventilation. A descriptive study of the effects of various non-polluting circuits. AB - In 660 supine, intubated and anaesthetized, healthy patients scheduled for various elective surgical procedures, the distribution of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) was investigated during manual non-monitored ventilation. The study comprised six equal groups: group 1: ventilation with a circle circuit absorber system; group 2: ventilation with the Hafnia A circuit using a total fresh gas flow (FGF) of 100 ml . kg-1 . min-1; groups 3-6: ventilation with a Hafnia D circuit with fresh gas flows of 100, 80, 70 and 60 ml . kg-1 . min-1, respectively. The mean PaCO2's of the first three groups were situated in the lower range of normocapnia (the observations in the first group having the greatest total range), whereas the rebreathing (Hafnia A and D) circuits resulted in a clustering of observed data. Employing the rebreathing circuits, protection against hypocapnia can be achieved by lowering the fresh gas flow. The most satisfying result was obtained with the Hafnia D circuit with a fresh gas flow of 70 ml . kg-1 . min-1 resulting in normocapnia with a modest and limited spread towards hypo- and hypercapnia. FGF in excess of this level must be considered as wasted. The study indicates that corrections of fresh gas flows for age are superfluous. Use of relaxants and type of surgery had no influence on the observations. PMID- 39416 TI - Influence of chlormethiazole on cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in the rat, and its effect on the recovery of cortical energy metabolism after pronounced, incomplete ischaemia. AB - The influence of an anaesthetic dose of chlormethiazole (Hemineurin) on blood flow (CBF) and oxygen consumption (CMRO2) in the rat brain was investigated. In spontaneously breathing animals a dose of 160 mg . kg-1 of chlormethiazole, infused i.v., induced a state close to surgical anaesthesia. In paralyzed animals, the same dose decreased CBF and CMRO2 to about 60% of control, an effect similar to that observed after an anaesthetic dose of phenobarbitone. Neither a protective nor a detrimental effect of chlormethiazole could be demonstrated when the drug was given during reversible and pronounced, incomplete ischaemia, as evaluated from the postischaemic tissue concentrations of labile phosphates (PCr, ATP, ADP, AMP) and of lactate and pyruvate. It is concluded that protection in this situation (as earlier shown with phenobarbitone) must, at least partly, be related to other mechanisms than a depression of metabolism. PMID- 39417 TI - Anaphylaxis in the monkey: respiratory mechanics, acid-base status and blood gases. AB - Aggregate anaphylaxis was induced by intravenous injection of the specific antigen in eight ovalbumin-sensitized monkeys. Changes in respiratory mechanics, acid-base status and blood gases were studied during the following half hour. Within 1 minute after challenge, a short period of respiratory depression, probably reflex-mediated, was observed. This was followed by hyperventilation, and arterial PCO2 decreased. There was a rapid increase in pulmonary resistance (Rpulm) and a concomitant decrease in pulmonary dynamic compliance (Cdyn), suggesting constriction of smooth muscles in the lung. Rpulm returned to the control value but Cdyn remained depressed, as a result of constriction of small airways and pulmonary congestion. Oxygen saturation in arterial blood decreased slightly due to a marked desaturation of mixed venous blood and increased venous admixture. Progressive metabolic acidosis developed, indicating poor tissue oxygenation and perfusion. The changes observed in this study were not severe enough to cause any major disturbance of the gas exchange in the lungs, despite a severe anaphylactic shock. PMID- 39418 TI - Factors influencing the uptake of DNA by Neurospora crassa. AB - Under optimal conditions intact Neurospora crassa cells incorporated nearly the same amount of 3H-labelled DNA as that of the endogenous DNA content of cells. After 18 h of incorporation more than 80 per cent of the radioactivity was retained in the cells. A maximum uptake of exogenous DNA occurred at 28 degrees C, pH 6.35, in the presence of 100 mM calcium when the concentration of donor DNA was 150 micrograms/ml. Denatured DNA was incorporated at a higher rate than native DNA. The present findings suggest that the uptake of DNA by Neurospora crassa is a biologically active process. PMID- 39419 TI - Formation of dityrosine by human salivary lactoperoxidase in vitro. AB - The study dealt with the formation of dityrosine - a cross-link in some proteins including collagen - by human salivary lactoperoxidase. Dityrosine formation was found at pH range 6.6 to 9.3 with maximum reaction velocity at pH 8.5. However, thiocyanate ions at physiological salivary concentrations inhibited dityrosine formation by 70 to 80 per cent compared with the optimum rate. The inhibition seemed to result from the competition of SCN ions and L-tyrosine for the same binding site on enzyme surface. The possibility of dityrosine cross-linking in vivo in human oral fluid seems to be limited compared with e.g. human milk or macaque saliva where the concentration of SCN ions is low but the activity of lactoperoxidase is considerably high. PMID- 39420 TI - Complement activation by pneumococci associated with acute otitis media. AB - Pneumococci (types, I, III, VI, XIV, XVIII, XIX and XXIII) associated with acute otitis media were shown to activate complement in normal human serum by the classical as well as by the alternative pathway. In serum incubated with pneumococci classical pathway activation was demonstrated by decreased C4 values and the appearance of C1r-C1s-C1 IA complexes. Pneumococci caused C3 conversion in C2-deficient serum and in serum chelated with Mg++ EGTA showing activation of the alternative pathway without participation of the C42 convertase. Complement activation was more efficient when both pathways were intact. This was evident from a more pronounced C3 conversion and a greater reduction of the values for properdin and factor B in non-chelated serum as compared to Mg++ EGTA chelated serum. PMID- 39421 TI - Synthesis and pharmacology of potentially neuroleptic derivatives of 3-chloro spiro[5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-5,1'-cyclohex-2'-en]-4'-amine. PMID- 39422 TI - Analysis of penicillins in biological material by reversed phase liquid chromatography and post-column derivatization. PMID- 39423 TI - Investigation of adaptive processes in child and adolescent swimmers. Acid-base parameters of swimmers and weight-lifters. AB - Acid-base parameters of adolescent swimmers (capacitive sport) and of adult weight-lifters (athletoid sport) were investigated before and after training in the submaximally trained phase of a year-round training period. In swimmers, training induced incompensated metabolic acidosis, which persisted at 10 min after the training. This acidosis showed no correlation to the blood lactate level. In weight-lifters, there was only a slight, compensated posttraining acidosis, which tended to decrease 10 min after the training. The weight-lifters had extremely high posttraining ammonia levels. It might be supposed that ammonia genesis has a role in the compensation of exercise-induced acidosis in weight lifters. The differences in acid-base status of swimmers and weight-lifters might be related to the different breathing mechanism needed for the two different sports. PMID- 39424 TI - Chemical nature of functional cholinoreceptor groups of Lymnaea stagnalis neurons. AB - 1. The effect of pH and the influence of some alkylating agents on the properties of the cholinoreceptive membrane of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis neurons have been studied using the microelectrode voltage clamp technique. 2. Lowering below 7.5 of the pH of the bathing solution had to decrease the neuronal responses to ACh. A twofold decrease in cholinoreceptive membrane conductivity was found at the pH 6.7 +/- 0.1 (n=10). Raising the pH to 10.6 did not influence the response to ACh. 3. The pH effect is not associated with the influence on the properties of ionic channels but appears to be due to reduction of a functional group at the ChR active site by proton. 4. No highly reactive SH-groups were found at the ChR active site, but some functionally important carboxyl groups have been discovered. 5. The effect of pH is probably connected with reduction of --COO-- or imidazol group with a pKa of about 6.7. PMID- 39425 TI - [Neurohumoral and tissue mechanism in the regulation of arterial pressure]. PMID- 39426 TI - [Biosynthesis and liberation of catecholamines. Their reagulation]. PMID- 39427 TI - Proceedings of the 6th European Congress of Neurosurgery organized by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies Paris, July 15--20, 1979. PMID- 39429 TI - Proceedings of the 6th European Congress of Neurosurgery organized by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies Paris, July 15-20, 1979. PMID- 39428 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation related to outcome in head injury. AB - In 46 head-injured patients coagulation studies were performed immediately after admission. In 76% of all cases signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) were found. DIC was related to the severity of the injury and outcome. It is suggested that DIC may be used as an important parameter in assessing craniocerebral trauma. In a previous report it was stated that disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is met frequently in head-injured patients (2.5- 15.3%), and is associated with a more severe grade of injury and an increased mortality. This paper explores in more detail the relationship between outcome after head-injury and signs of DIC, as detected by laboratory studies performed in the first few hours after injury. PMID- 39430 TI - [The pH-dependence of the rabbit ERG in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 39431 TI - Functional evaluation of a new analeptic drug (vectarion) in patients with chronic hypoxemia and hypercapnia (preliminary study). PMID- 39432 TI - Polyarteritis nodosa associated with sarcocystosis in a lamb. PMID- 39433 TI - Use of Staphylococcus aureus for rapid radioimmunoassay of influenza A virus haemagglutinin. AB - In a rapid method for the radioimmunoassay (RIA) of influenza A virus haemagglutinin, Staphylococcus aureus (strain Cowan I, Czechoslovak State Collection No Mau 55/64) was used for separation of bound and free antigens. With rabbit and human immune sera, the binding of antigen-antibody complexes to heat killed, formalin-fixed staphylocci was comparable to the double antibody technique. The time required for the completion of binding reaction was about 10 min compared to 18--24 hr required for double antibody precipitation. S. aureus did not bind directly (i.e. in the absence of specific antibody) a significant amount of radiolabelled antigen. PMID- 39434 TI - Detection of "alpha-type" inhibitors in the presence of low levels of specific influenza antibodies. AB - In native, heated or otherwise treated egg white and in sera of men and guinea pigs, haemagglutination inhibition titres were determined against three inhibitor sensitive (IS) strains and one inhibitor-resistant (IR) variant on influenza A virus. A few human sera with no detectable antibody revealed high inhibition titres even against the IR variant. Human sera after treatment with trypsin and periodate revealed mostly a reduction or no change, and exceptionally an increase of their inhibition titre. The extent of these changes varied with different influenza virus strains and showed a positive correlation with the inhibitor content and no correlation with the antibody levels of the sera. The so-called "nonspecific" thermostable inhibitors possess a certain degree of specificity for different influenza virus strains. PMID- 39435 TI - Characterization of two Chikungunya virus variants. AB - The stability of virulence and plaque size of two variants of Chikungunya virus (genus Alphavirus) were examined. Mouse pathogenicity did not coincide with infective virus levels in the brain. An increase in the average survival times of mice receiving a lethal dose of the variant which allowed prolonged survival at high doses and harvested late after infection was observed. Studies in Vero cells suggested that the number of infective virus particles produced per cell was lower with the small plaque variant, though these cells were selective for this clone. On the other hand suckling mice or antisera favoured a more virulent large plaque variant. PMID- 39437 TI - Chronic form of experimental rabies in mice. AB - The L-28 strain of street rabies virus isolated from the salivary gland of a red fox caused chronic infection in mice. After intracerebral (i.e.) infection with virus-containing fox salivary gland suspension, 13.9% of mice showed clinical signs of disease for 11--52 days. Clear-cut stages of irritation and paralysis were distinguished in the course of infection of mice. The diagnosis of chronic rabies in mice was confirmed by immunofluorescence and isolation of virus by i.c. inoculation of mice. Electron microscopic examination of the Ammon's horn of mice revealed a slow development of morphological changes connected with the formation of virus-specific structures. The gradual increase in the number and size of aggregates of viral ribonucleoprotein was followed by the appearance of membranous and tubular structures. Along with the latter, typical bullet-shaped particles of rabies virus were found in some neurons on the 43rd day of infection. PMID- 39436 TI - Epstein-Barr virus infections in childhood. AB - IgM and IgG antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen and antibodies against EBV nuclear antigen and heterophil antibodies were investigated in 115 paired sera of children with acute infections and in 100 sera of healthy controls of the same age and sex. EBV-specific IgM antibodies could be recognized in 13.7% of the patients and in 7% of the controls. Antibodies against EBV nuclear antigen were not detected in the IgM-positive sera. PMID- 39438 TI - The effects of polyacrylic acid and virazole on the replication and component formation of red clover mottle virus. AB - Polyacrylic acid and Virazole inhibited the replication of red clover mottle virus (RCMV) in systemically infected pea (Pisum sativum) plants, as shown both by serological and infectivity tests. The Virazole-induced changes had little effect on the proportion of the three components in the total virus yield, but treatment with polyacrylic acid markedly increased the proportion of the RNA-free top component. This suggests that either viral RNA synthesis or RNA encapsidation was inhibited. PMID- 39439 TI - Comparison of antiviral properties in mice of bis-pyrrolidinoacetamido-fluorenone (MLU-B75), bis-dipropylaminoacetamido-fluorenone (MLU-B76), and tilorone hydrochloride. AB - Like tilorone . HCl, its analogues, bis-pyrrolidinoacetamido-fluorenone (MLU B75), and bis-dipropylaminoacetamido-fluorenone (MLU-B76), significantly protected mice against intraperitoneal challenge with a lethal dose of Mengo virus when administered prophylactically in a single oral dose of 250 mg per kg body weight. At lower doses the antiviral activity of MLU-B75 and MLU-B76 decreased more rapidly than that of tilorone. HCl. At the dose of 250 mg per kg the degree of antiviral protection and the titre of interferon induced by tilorone. HCl correlated well, but there was no correlation between the extent of protection and the detected amount of virus inhibitor induced by MLU-B76. It remains to be determined whether the antiviral protection elicited by the analogues of tilorone is mediated by interferon. PMID- 39440 TI - Autoantibodies in human sera after vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine. AB - Sera from persons vaccinated with inactivated bivalent influenza vaccine were tested for the presence of smooth-muscle antibodies (SMA) and antibodies against the brush border of proximal renal tubuli (ABBA). The autoantibodies were found with the highest frequency in persons repeatedly vaccinated with the vaccine. PMID- 39441 TI - Long-term culture of guinea pig tongue cells: a suitable interferon system. AB - The interferon system was investigated in a long-term culture of guinea pig tongue (GPT) cells. Interferon synthesis was induced with Newcastle disease virus (B strain) and f2 phage double-stranded RNA. Guinea pig interferons were about 2 times more active in cell cultures established from guinea pig embryos than in the GPT cells. Human leukocyte and mouse peritoneal cell interferons were active in this cell system also. PMID- 39442 TI - Enhancement of Epstein-Barr virus antibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. AB - Two groups of 22 patients suffering from either systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or infectious mononucleosis (IM) were checked for Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen antibody (EB-VCA) production. The average significant antibody levels as well as the frequency of their occurrence were clearly higher in SLE than in IM patients. PMID- 39443 TI - Electron microscope study of mosquito densonucleosis virus maturation. AB - Maturation of mosquito densonucleosis virus (MDV) was studied in its natural host, Aedes aegypti L. larvae. First ultrastructural changes were observed in the cytoplasm of virus-infected cells. They consisted in the formation of paracrystalline structures containing particles 18--20 nm in diameter as well as microtubules 20 nm in diameter. Virogenic stromas and paracrystalline virion arrays were found in the nuclei of virus-infected cells. PMID- 39444 TI - Recombination and complementation between orthomyxoviruses under conditions of abortive infection. AB - On interaction of ts mutants of fowl plague virus (FPV) belonging to different complementation groups and human influenza A viruses under conditions of abortive infection for both partners, complementation was marked and recombinants occurred with a high frequency. The level and degree of complementation as well as the frequency of recombinants depended on the stage at which the reproduction of the human influenza A viruses involved was blocked. On simultaneous inoculation of chicks with two apathogenic ts mutants of FPV belonging to different complementation groups, pathogenic ts+ recombinants appeared. On interaction of influenza B virus with ts mutants of FPV or ultraviolet-irradiated FPV, neither complementation nor recombination was observed. There was no complementation between influenza B virus and ts mutants of FPV even at the level of the formation of virus-specific substructures. PMID- 39445 TI - Central and peripheral receptor areas in the reflex response to acute experimental hyperosmolality. PMID- 39446 TI - Contrasting effects of acute beta blockade with propranolol on plasma catecholamines and renin in essential hypertension: a possible basis for the delayed antihypertensive response. AB - Blood pressure, heart rate, plasma renin activity, plasma norepinephrine and plasma epinephrine were determined in 11 patients with essential hypertension at rest before and 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after an intravenous infusion of 0.12 mg./Kg. propranolol given over five minutes. After propranolol mean blood pressure was unchanged; heart rate decreased by 14 per cent within 15 minutes and showed no further changes. Plasma renin activity decreased progressively by 48 per cent 60 minutes after propranolol, whereas plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine were always higher after propranolol than control values. Increases in norepinephrine were statistically significant at 30, 45, and 60 minutes (respectively 49, 39, and 45 per cent, P less than 0.005 at least) and those of epinephrine even at 15 minutes (respectively 60, 82, 62, and 94 per cent P less than 0.01 for all). These results indicate that acute beta blockade with propranolol incudes increases in circulating plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine which might be consequent to rapidly induced hemodynamic changes. This augmented sympathetic activity might explain why propranolol, when acutely infused, does not decrease blood pressure despite effective cardiac and renin blockade. PMID- 39447 TI - Clinical pharmacology of the new beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Part 6. A comparison of pindolol and propranolol in treatment of patients with angina pectoris. The role of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. PMID- 39448 TI - Experimental studies on the pathogenesis of asystole after verapamil in the dog. AB - The effect of verapamil on automaticity and conduction in the atrioventricular (A V) junctional region was studied in anesthetized dogs. In five normal dogs verapamil, 10 microgram/ml, was selectively perfused into the A-V nodal artery and caused first degree heart block, which progressed to second degree heart block in three of the five. Higher concentrations of verapamil, 25 microgram/ml, caused complete heart block in three of five other dogs, but no episodes of asystole (defined as a ventricular pause of 10 or more seconds). In six other dogs after beta receptor blockade with propranolol, 20 microgram/ml, perfused into the A-V nodal artery, verapamil, 10 microgram/ml, regularly caused second degree heart block; in four of the six dogs there was a transient episode of third degree A-V block, and in two of these there was a period of asystole. In each of the 10 dogs pretreated with reserpine, verapamil, 10 microgram/ml, caused third degree A-V block; in seven of these there was a period of asystole with ventricular standstill up to 30 seconds. Concentrations of verapamil that do not produce high grade heart block in the normal heart thus readily cause both high grade block and prolonged ventricular standstill after elimination of adrenergic influences in the A-V junction. PMID- 39449 TI - Comparative effects of cardioselective versus noncardioselective beta blockade on subendocardial blood flow and contractile function in ischemic myocardium. PMID- 39450 TI - Recommendations and conclusions of the dietary fiber workshop of the XI International Congress of Nutrition, Rio de Janeiro, 1978. PMID- 39451 TI - Helpful hints for measuring pH. AB - Although pH is probably one of the most common laboratory measurements, it often is one of the most troublesome. Frequently the trouble arises because of improper care of the electrodes. Considered here are several common problems and suggestions for solving or avoiding them. PMID- 39452 TI - Treatment of Parkinson's disease with dopamine agonists: a review. AB - Bromocriptine and lergotrile were administered to 81 patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and increasing disability despite optimal treatment with levodopa (secondary levodopa failures). Sixty-six patients were treated with bromocriptine and 53 patients were treated with lergotrile. Both groups had significantly decreased rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia and gait disturbance upon addition of bromocriptine or lergotrile to levodopa. Twenty-five patients improved at least one-stage on bromocriptine, and 21 improved at least one-stage on lergotrile. The mean dose of bromocriptine was 47 mg, and the mean dose of lergotrile was 49 mg, permitting a 10% reduction in levodopa. Bromocriptine was discontinued in 29 of 66 patients because of adverse effects, including mental changes (14 patients) and involuntary movements (9 patients). Lergotrile was discontinued in 33 of 53 patients because of adverse effects including hepatotoxicity (11 patients) and mental changes (12 patients). The results of treatment with bromocriptine or lergotrile were comparable, with patients either responding or not. Bromocriptine will shortly be available for use in PD. Lergotrile, because of the hepatotoxicity, will not. PMID- 39453 TI - An evaluation of a continuous tissue pH monitor in the fetal and neonatal goat. AB - The validity of continuous tissue pH measurements was established in the fetal and neonatal goat model. Simultaneous determinations of tissue, arterial, and venous pH were done during alterations in acid-base status. A highly significant correlation was found between tissue and blood pH levels (r = 0.89, p less than 0.001). These data confirm the accuracy of the tissue pH instrumentation in predicting core blood pH status and support the potential usefulness of the instrumentation in perinatal medicine for continuous fetal acid-base monitoring. PMID- 39454 TI - Early onset of tardive dyskinesia: case report. PMID- 39455 TI - Desensitization therapy with a fearful two-year-old. PMID- 39456 TI - [A mathematical model of the kinetics of collagen metabolism in the tendons and skin of young and old rats]. AB - Two groups of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 3 and 20-24 months respectively were used to establish a 3-compartmentmodel of the kinetics of the collagen metabolism in the tail tendon and skin by means of tritium labelled L-prolin. The 3 compartments were divided into pro- and tropocollagen, labile polymer collagen and stabile polymer collagen respectively. The results suggest the following conclusions concerning the metabolism and ageing of the collagens investigated: 1. Collagen of the tendon and collagen of the skin reveal different dynamics of metabolism. 2. Stabile and labile polymeric collagen originate from different tropocollagens. 3. Both intracellular and extracellular processes are responsible for the age-changes of tendon- and skin-collagen. PMID- 39457 TI - [The protein kinase system of the human brain: a contribution to the study of normal aging (author's transl)]. PMID- 39458 TI - [Age-dependent avidin induction. V. Changes on the level of post-transcriptional modification]. AB - For the elucidation of the age-dependent reduction of the avidin induction in the ovidict of quails, studies on the level of the post-transcriptional events were performed. In estrogen-treated young animals, the extractable activity of DNA dependent RNA polymerase II increases by 145% after progesterone treatment, while in old animals no increase is observed. In the presence of actinomycin D the incorporation ratio [3H] Ado/[3H] Urd into mRNA increases by about 80% in the case of mature animals; this value is drastically lower (15%) using old animals. The activities of the poly(A)-degrading enzymes in oviducts of mature animals are lower than those in old ones. After progesterone treatment the activities of these enzymes increase in oviducts from old animals, while in young quails no alteration is observed. The possible consequence of these findings on the chain length of the poly(A) segment of mRNA is discussed with regard to its translation capacity. PMID- 39459 TI - Influence of heavy smoking upon the bone mineral content of the radius of the aged and effect of tobacco smoke on the sensitivity to calcitonin of rats. AB - Using Norland-Cameron Bone Mineral Analyzer BMA 178 Type, it has been found that bone mineral content of the radius is considerably less in male heavy smokers aged 61 to 75 and 76 to 90, then in nonsmokers with similar age. Less difference was found within the group of 61 to 75 year old women. Furthermore, also it has been pointed out that the sensitivity to calcitonin of rats inhaling tobacco smoke is considerably less, than that of control rats. It is possible that smoking promotes the decrease in mineral content of bones i.e. the aggravation of osteoporosis, by the means of calcitonin resistance. The authors recommend tobacco abstinence to patients with osteoporosis and to persons who are particularly endangered by osteoporosis (e.g. in menopause, in post-gastrectomic state ect.). PMID- 39460 TI - [Investigations on the development of various connective tissue systems (author's transl)]. PMID- 39461 TI - [Age-dependent changes of the brain and higher cerebral functions: the problem of their correlation]. PMID- 39462 TI - Aminoglycoside antibiotics and sympathetic ganglionic transmission. AB - The effects of streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin on transmission in sympathetic ganglia have been studied using the guinea pig isolated hypogastric nerve-vas deferens preparation. These aminoglycoside antibiotics produce dose-related sympathetic blockade at concentrations greater than the common therapeutically effective antibiotic concentrations. PMID- 39463 TI - The effect of thiopentone and fazadinium on intraocular pressure. AB - Intraocular pressure was measured in twenty-four patients using an applanation tonometer, after using thiopentone and fazadinium as induction agents. No significant rise in intraocular pressure above resting levels was noted before or after tracheal intubation, and it is suggested that this combination of induction agents should be satisfactory for general anaesthesia of a patient with a perforating eye injury who presents with a full stomach. PMID- 39464 TI - [Dental injuries during general anaesthesia and their forensic consequences (author's transl)]. AB - 145 dental injuries in 83 patients occuring during general anaesthesia are classified on the basis of the material from a liability insurance company. These mainly affected the upper incisors. In childhood only luxations occured, in other ages no characteristic distribution of different types of damage could be found. Besides intubation, 20 per cent of injuries were caused by Guedel oral airways. Damage to teeth is the main cause of claims in tort from its total number. Damage of healthy teeth generally is due to carelessness, whereas an injury to teeth damaged by other reasons before administration of general anaesthesia causes liability of the anaesthesiologist because of inadequate examination and exploration. PMID- 39465 TI - [Heparin-induced changes in blood gas analysis (author's transl)]. AB - In modern blood gas analysis heparin is used for preventing coagulation in the syringe and the analyzer. If the amount of heparin added is too large the pH of the blood sample falls and so an artificial metabolic acidosis is induced. Consequently the amount of heparin used should be just enough to prevent blood coagulation without changing appreciably the acid-base status of the sample. High concentrations of inspired oxygen have no additional effect on the ability of heparin to alter the pH values. PMID- 39466 TI - [Diseases of the respiratory system--a discussion among experts]. PMID- 39467 TI - A new method for protease activity measurement. PMID- 39468 TI - Analysis of neutral sugars as glycamines using an amino acid analyzer. PMID- 39469 TI - A rapid sensitive assay for specific protein synthesis in cells and in cell-free translations: use of Staphylococcus aureus as an adsorbent for immune complexes. PMID- 39470 TI - Preparative flatbed electrofocusing in granulated gels with natural pH gradients generated from simple buffers. PMID- 39471 TI - [On the narco-hypnotic of o-chloro 2-phenyl ethyl allophanate (S. C. S. 100) in animal (author's transl)]. AB - Oral administration of o-chloro 2-phenyl ethyl allophanate (S. C. S. 100) to male and pregnant, or not, female mice, to male and female rats, to male guinea-pigs and rabbits induces, according to tested doses and animal species, a reduction of motoricity, a state of sleepiness giving way to exterior solicitations, a loss of balance, a diminution of muscular tonus or a temporary loss of righting reflex going with narcosis and a reversible suppression of sensibility. The narco hynoticaction of S. C. S. 100 qualitatively similar to that of secobarbital needs 1.5 to 3 times higher doses to appear and has a little longer latent period but without any excitation. The new synthesized molecule differs also from the barbiturate as its therapeutic index is 3 times more important which means a better maniability confirmed moreover in mouse after several repeated administrations of ED 50 doses of S. C. S. 100. PMID- 39472 TI - [Anaerobic gram negative septicemias in digestive tract surgery and in surgical intensive care]. PMID- 39473 TI - Drug interactions and anesthesia: a review. PMID- 39474 TI - Cimetidine for prophylaxis of aspiration pneumonitis: comparison of intramuscular and oral dosage schedules. PMID- 39475 TI - Fentanyl concentrations in brain and serum during respiratory acid--base changes in the dog. AB - It is a clinical impression that less fentanyl is needed for anesthesia during hyperventilation and hypocarbia. If true, it might be due to both increased penetration of fentanyl, a highly lipid-soluble agent, into the brain and increased brain tissue binding. Serum and brain concentrations of fentanyl were determined in dogs anesthetized with halothane during normocarbia, hypocarbia by hyperventilation, and hypercarbia by addition of CO2 to the inspired mixture. Fentanyl, 12.5 micrograms/kg, was injected iv, and serum and brain samples were taken for fentanyl analysis by radioimmunoassay. Brain fentanyl values peaked latest (15--20 min) and were highest during hypocarbia; brain fentanyl values peaked earliest (0--5 min) and were lowest during hypercarbia; values during normocarbia were intermediate in time to peak (10--15 min) and concentration. Thereafter, brain levels declined, but during hypocarbia were significantly higher and during hypercarbia were significantly lower than during normocarbia. Interestingly, serum fentanyl levels were also significantly higher during hypocarbia. The brain--blood fentanyl ratios for each of the three CO2 levels increased for 30 min and thereafter stayed relatively constant. The brain--blood ratios were highest with hypocarbia and lowest with hypercarbia. At 35 min, when clinical analgesia may be considered terminated, hypocarbic brain levels were double those of normocarbia. The authors feel this reflects, to a large extent, higher serum fentanyl concentrations and delayed cerebral wash-out because of decreased blood flow. To a small but unknown extent the higher brain fentanyl levels result from increased brain--blood penetration due to increased lipid solubility, and increased brain tissue binding of fentanyl during respiratory alkalosis. PMID- 39476 TI - Decrease in dose requirement of d-tubocurarine by volatile anesthetics. AB - Volatile anesthetics are known to decrease the requirements for neuromuscular blocking agents. To obtain a quantitative measure of the extent of this drug interaction, studies were performed on isolated guinea pig nerve--lumbrical muscle preparations exposed to methoxyflurane, halothane, isoflurane, diethyl ether, fluroxene, and enflurane in concentrations equal to MAC. From the relationship between indirect twitch height and d-tubocurarine concentration, the concentration depressing the twitch height by 50 per cent was determined. In the presence of MAC levels of anesthetic, the ED50 was decreased by the following fractional amounts: methoxyflurane, 0.311; halothane, 0.334; isoflurane, 0.335; diethyl ether, 0.462; fluroxene, 0.580; enflurane, 0.697. Comparison of the fractional decrease of d-tubocurarine dose requirement by an anesthetic at MAC and previously obtained values for the fractional depression of end-plate depolarization by an anesthetic at MAC showed that the more the anesthetic depresses depolarization, the smaller the d-tubocurarine dose requirement. Thus, clinically observed decreases in dose requirements may be explained by the effects of the anesthetics on chemosensitivity of the end-plate region. PMID- 39477 TI - Acid-aspiration prophylaxis by use of preoperative oral administration of cimetidine. PMID- 39478 TI - Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis and associated coronary artery disease. Clinical, hemodynamic, and therapeutic features from a review of 57 cases of the literature. PMID- 39479 TI - Echocardiographic findings in patients with aortitis syndrome. AB - Echocardiography was performed in 18 patients with the aortitis syndrome and in 20 age-matched normal volunteers. The aortic root dimension, the aortic dimension at the level of the sinotubular ridge, the aortic arch dimension, the left ventricular internal dimension, the left atrial dimension, the interventricular septal thickness, and the left ventricular posterior wall thickness were measured. All measurements, except for the left atrial dimension, were significantly greater in patients with aortitis syndrome than in the control subjects. We concluded (1) that the patients with the aortitis syndrome may have an enlarged or narrowed aorta, a dilated left ventricle and left atrium, and a thickened interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall; (2) that the incidence and the degree of these abnormalities depend on the presence of complications such as aortic regurgitation and arterial hypertension; and (3) that M-mode as well a cross-sectional echocardiography plays an important role in the assessment of the aorta and heart in the aortitis syndrome. PMID- 39480 TI - Proceedings of the Association of Applied Biologists at a meeting of the Association at the University of East Anglia on Tuesday to Thursday, 11--13 April 1978, the Post-Harvest Biology Group organised a symposium on the 'Deterioration, pathology and quarantine of imported crops'. PMID- 39481 TI - Pneumonia and pneumococcal infections, with special reference to pneumococcal pneumonia. The 1979 J. Burns Amberson lecture. AB - An etiologic classification of acute pneumonia was presented and the relative importance of some of the causative agents was briefly reviewed. The early developments of the therapy of pneumococcal pneumonia with type-specific antisera, sulfonamide drugs, and antimicrobial drugs were reviewed, mostly from the experiences of the author at Boston City Hospital. Changes in the occurrence and relative importance of the pneumococcus as a cause of infections associated with bacteremia, empyema, and meningitis were demonstrated, based on cases observed at Boston City Hospital during 12 selected years between 1935 and 1972. These findings, among others, indicate that the pneumococcus is still one of the most important causes of serious bacterial infections and of mortality from such infections, particularly in the elderly. Some possible indications for polyvalent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine were discussed, and the need for further extensive clinical and field trials to demonstrate its range of effectiveness was stressed. PMID- 39482 TI - The role of bacterial interference in the increased prevalence of oropharyngeal gram-negative bacilli among alcoholics and diabetics. AB - The oral flora of alcoholics, diabetics, and normal control subjects were compared using an agar overlay technique to determine whether the increased prevalence of oropharyngeal gram-negative bacilli among alcoholics and diabetics exists because patients with these diseases have decreased numbers of normal inhibitory bacteria in the oropharynx. Alcoholics generally had slightly lower concentrations of inhibitory bacteria than control subjects, and diabetics had somewhat higher concentrations than control subjects. However, colonized subjects did not differ from noncolonized subjects with respect to concentrations of these inhibitory bacteria in the oropharynx. Characterization of inhibitory bacteria demonstrated a preponderance of nongroupable alpha-hemolytic streptococci in each of the study groups. Stimulated saliva obtained from subjects failed to demonstrate significant differences in pH between study populations or between colonized and noncolonized subjects within each study population. These results suggest that the frequent oropharyngeal colonization of alcoholics and diabetics by gram-negative bacilli involves mechanisms other than that of a deficiency of normal interfering aerobic bacteria in the oropharynx or an altered salivary pH leading to inactivation in vivo of bacteriocins produced by these inhibitory bacteria. PMID- 39483 TI - [Reye's syndrome. Clinical revision (author's transl)]. AB - Authors studied nine cases of Reye's syndrome, seen over a period of five years. Their ages ranged from 45 days to 3 6/12 years, eight being less than a year old. Mortality rate was 55% and two of the four surviving children presented serious neurological sequelas. In all cases liver pathology was studied by percutaneous biopsy and/or necropsy. Clinical, analitical and anatomopathological findings were similar to those usually described in this syndrome. Medical literature was revised as to etiology and pathology, noting specially the tendency of this syndrome to present in groups, its possible relationship to viral epidemics and the inconsistency of the results of certain therapeutic measures widely used until now. The possible relationship between Reye's syndrome and the usual infant vaccinations, as they found in two cases, as well as the convenience of hepatic studies in the event of postvaccinal encephalopathy is suggested. PMID- 39485 TI - [Meeting of the French Microbiological Society, Section of Clinical Microbiology, Paris, February 1, 1979, Streptococci in the laboratory]. PMID- 39484 TI - [Interferon inducing activity of rabies cell culture vaccine in humans]. AB - Rabies cell culture vaccines are able to induce circulating interferon in human sera. In 8/15 cases a low peak of interferon appears in the serum about 8 h after the vaccination. The inhibition has been considered as due to interferon because of the resistance to pH 2 and lack of activity on other animal species. PMID- 39486 TI - [11th Congress of the French Society of Cervicofacial Oncology. Paris, 10-11 November 1978. Cervicofacial melanotic tumors. Abstracts]. PMID- 39487 TI - First European workshop on mammalian melanin pigmentation. Lyon, 23-24 November 1978. PMID- 39488 TI - Abdominal testis with extended epididymis. PMID- 39489 TI - Pancreatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Abstracts of papers presented at the third annual meeting. PMID- 39490 TI - [European Society of Pediatric Radiology, Brussels, Belgium 20--22 April, 1978]. PMID- 39491 TI - [Value of angiography in the differential diagnosis of granulomatosis of the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 39492 TI - [Dynamics of the NADP+ and NAD+ levels in the mycelium of P. nigricans Thom strains of varying productivity depending on the carbon source]. AB - The levels of NADP+ and NAD+ in the mycelium of the highly productive strain 117 and low productive strain B of P. nigricans were studied by the 2nd, 5th, 9th and 13th days of development on the mineral medium in the presence of glucose, succinate or acetate. It was found that at the beginning of the growth the levels of NADP+ in both strains in the presence of the same carbon source were the same, just as the levels of NAD+ in the presence of glucose or succinate. The same strain had different levels of NADP+ in the presence of different carbon sources. The levels of NAD+ depended on both the carbon source and the strain. In the presence of glucose both nucleotides were accumulated by the end of the culture development and in greater amounts by strain 117. In the presence of succinate the maximum levels were observed at the beginning of the culture growth, while in the presence of accetate the maximum levels were recorded by the end of the culture development (strain 117) and by the 19th day (strain B). It is supposed that NAD+ is transformed into adenylates in the fungi. PMID- 39493 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pneumococci: determination of Kirby-Bauer breakpoints for penicillin G, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and rifampin. AB - Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pneumococci is now essential to monitor for the presence of resistance to agents such as the penicillins, macrolides, lincomycins, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. In this study, clinical isolates of a selection of resistant South African strains were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination and by a modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique, using Mueller-Hinton medium supplemented with 5% horse blood. Disk diffusion breakpoints were determined for penicillin G, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and rifampin. Reliable results were obtained on disk diffusion for all these agents except for penicillin G. With 6-mug penicillin G disks, zones of strains with intermediate penicillin susceptibility overlapped those of sensitive and resistant strains. With 5-mug methicillin disks, clearer separation of strains based on susceptibility to penicillin G occurred. Strains with zones of <35 mm around penicillin G disks and <25 mm around methicillin disks should have penicillin G MICs determined to confirm their resistance to penicillin G. In view of the potential for pneumococci to be resistant to the agents used in this study, antimicrobial susceptibility of all clinically significant isolates should be determined. PMID- 39494 TI - Enrichment of cadmium-mediated antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) litter microcosm. AB - A set of Douglas-fir needle litter microcosms was amended with cadmium, acid, a combination of both, or neither. After 2 weeks of incubation, bacterial colony counts were made of litter homogenates inoculated onto agar media containing an antibiotic (streptomycin, chloromycetin, ampicillin, or gentamicin), cadmium, both, or neither. In all microcosms bacterial abundance was similar but the quality was very dissimiliar. Cadmium-treated microcosms had populations enriched for cadmium and gentamicin resistance and streptomycin and chloramphenicol sensitivity. Acid amendment had no consistent effect on the microcosm populations except that which could be attributed to the cadmium treatment amendment alone. PMID- 39495 TI - Survival of coxsackievirus B3 under diverse environmental conditions. AB - The survival of coxsackievirus B3 was studied under various conditions of incubation. The comparative study demonstrated that coxsackievirus B3 was stable for 24h (less than 0.4-log decrease in titer) when suspended at neutral pH (6 or 23 degrees C) in the presence of 0.25% bovine serum albumin in saline regardless of whether the preparations were subjected to evaporation. Bovine serum albumin provided increased stability to the virus for each of the conditions tested. At 37 degrees C, evaporation greatly reduced the virus infectivity between 6 and 20 h of incubation. Nevertheless, coxsackievirus B3 was found to be stable for at least 24 h under conditions similar to those of a household environment, and its presence represents a potential biohazard to nonimmune persons. These data provide a rationale for using coxsackievirus B3 as a model for investigating the role of environmental surfaces in the transmission of enteroviral diseases. PMID- 39496 TI - Bile salt 3 alpha- and 12 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases from Eubacterium lentum and related organisms. AB - Thirty-two strains of Eubacterium lentum and phenotypically similar anaerobic gram-positive bacilli were screened for intracellular bile salt 3alpha- and 12alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSDHase) activities. These organisms were categorized into four groups: (A) those containing 12alpha-HSDHase only (10 strains), (B) those containing 3alpha- and 12alpha-HSDHase (13 strains), (C) those containing 3alpha-HSDHase only (2 strains), and (D) those devoid of any measurable HSDHase activity (7 strains). Of the respective four groups, 9/10, 13/13, 0/2, and 0/7 were like the neotype strain of E. lentum (ATCC 25559) in that they produced H(2)S in a triple sugar iron agar butt, reduced nitrate to nitrite, and weakly decomposed hydrogen peroxide. The other strains were variable for nitrate reduction and activity on hydrogen peroxide, but all the organisms in the first three categories (with one exception) were H(2)S producers (triple sugar iron agar butt) and all (with one exception) were designated E. lentum, whereas the organisms of category B were non-H(2)S producers (triple sugar iron agar butt). Five of these seven were not stimulated by arginine and are designated "phenotypically similar organisms." Thin-layer chromatography of extracted spent bacterial medium of four representative strains from each group grown in the presence of cholate revealed the presence of (A) 12-oxo product, (B) 12-oxo and 3-oxo products, (C) 3-oxo product, and (D) the absence of any of these products. The 12alpha-HSDHase of category B organisms was unstable unless 10(-3) M dithioerythritol was added to the buffer. With the exception of 3 out of 32 strains, there was a positive correlation between the production of measurable amounts of 12alpha-HSDHase and H(2)S production. Growth curves and the effect of arginine on growth and the production of 3alpha- and 12alpha-HSDHase were examined in representative strains of categories A, B, and C. Both enzymes were shown to bind onto a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-Sepharose column and could be eluted by high-ionic-strength buffer, resulting in approximately 25-fold and 18-fold purification, respectively. Molecular weight estimations by Sephadex G 200 gave values of 205,000 and 125,000 for the 3alpha- and 12alpha-HSDHase, respectively. Purified 12alpha-HSDHase was investigated with respect to pH requirement, substrate specificity, and enzyme kinetics. PMID- 39497 TI - Production of L-serine by Sarcina albida. AB - Conditions for the production of microbial L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase and for the conversion of glycine to L-serine were studied. A number of microorganisms were screened for their abilities to form and accululate L-serine from glycine, and Sarcina albida was selected as the best organism. Enzyme activity in this organism as high as 0.12 U/ml could be produced in shaken cultures at 30 degrees C in a medium containing glucose, ammonium sulfate, glycine, yeast extract, and inorganic salts. L-Serine was produced most efficiently by shaking cells at 30 degrees C in a reaction mixture containing 20% glycine, 5 X 10(-3) M formaldehyde, and 3 X 10(-4) M pyridoxal phosphate in yields of 22 mg of broth in 5 days. L-Serine was easily isolated in 84% yields by ion-exchange resin. PMID- 39498 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase from Rhizopus javanicus. AB - Alcohol dehydrogenase of Rhizopus javanicus was purified, and its physical and chemical characteristics were determined. The intact enzyme was shown to have a molecular weight of approximately 60,000. Since the smallest apparent subunit was 14,000, the enzyme was presumed to be composed of four subunits. The crude mycelial extract contained multiple forms of the enzyme, which were separated by ion-exchange chromatography. PMID- 39499 TI - Pasteurization of salted whole egg inoculated with Arizona or Salmonella. AB - Recently, Arizona bacteria, close relatives of Salmonella, were recovered from salted whole egg that had been pasteurized by the presently recommended process of 63.3 degrees C (146 degrees F) for 3.5 min. Because of this and the fact that the heat resistance of Arizona in salted whole egg had not been determined, the present study was undertaken. Arizona or Salmonella, grown in Trypticase soy broth supplemented with 2% yeast extract in Fernbach flasks covered with aluminum foil over cotton and guaze at 35 degrees C with shaking at 176 rpm for about 96 h, were found to have the greatest degree of heat resistance. As expected, these cells, when inoculated into salted whole egg at 10(7) cells per ml, survived heating at 63.3 degrees C (146 degrees F) for 3.5 min in a two-phase slug flow heat exchanger. To consistently achieve a 7-log kill of typical Salmonella or Arizona, a treatment of 67 degrees C (152.6 degrees F) for 3.5 min was required. However, if a 7-log kill is mandatory, it remains to be determined whether this process affect the functional properties of this product. PMID- 39500 TI - Effects of pH of the medium on flagellation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. AB - Formation of the lateral flagella by Vibrio parahaemolyticus was inhibited under an alkaline condition of the medium. However, flagellation of the polar monotrichous flagellum was not affected in the same condition. Flagellation of the lateral flagella depended on the pH of the medium. PMID- 39501 TI - Method for Salmonella concentration from water at pH 3.5, using micro-fiber glass filters. AB - A method is described for the concentration of Salmonella from water. As is done with enterovirus, Salmonella bacteria were concentrated from water in two steps: by pH 3.5 adsorption on and pH 9.5 elution from 8-micron porosity micro-fiber glass filter tubes. This method worked in less than 30 min, and Salmonella typhimurium was inactivated only slightly in spite of rapid pH variations (pH 3.5 to 9.5). It was demonstrated that the retention by the filters stems from two phenomena: a low retention in the micro-fiber glass labyrinth for small filtered volumes, and a high retention by adsorption at pH 3.5 for any filtered volume (experiments done with 15- and 80-liter samples). Addition in tap water of trivalent ions like Al3+ did not increase Salmonella adsorption. In most of the trials, Salmonella recovery varied from 42 to 93%. Preliminary field investigations indicate that enterovirus and Salmonella may both be concentrated from the same water sample by this procedure. PMID- 39502 TI - Microbial oxidation of gaseous hydrocarbons: epoxidation of C2 to C4 n-alkenes by methylotrophic bacteria. AB - Over 20 new cultures of methane-utilizing microbes, including obligate (types I and III) and facultative methylotrophic bacteria were isolated. In addition to their ability to oxidize methane to methanol, resting cell-suspensions of three distinct types of methane-grown bacteria (Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b [type II, obligate]; Methylococcus capsulatus CRL M1 NRRL B-11219 [type I, obligate]; and Methylobacterium organophilum CRL-26 NRRL B-11222 [facultative]) oxidize C2 to C4 n-alkenes to their corresponding 1,2-epoxides. The product 1,2-epoxides are not further metabolized and accumulate extracellularly. Methanol-grown cells do not have either the epoxidation or the hydroxylation activities. Among the substrate gaseous alkenes, propylene is oxidized at the highest rate. Methane inhibits the epoxidation of propylene. The stoichiometry of the consumption of propylene and oxygen and the production of propylene oxide is 1:1:1. The optimal conditions for in vivo epoxidation are described. Results from inhibition studies indicate that the same monooxygenase system catalyzes both the hydroxylation and the epoxidation reactions. Both the hydroxylation and epoxidation activities are located in the cell-free particulate fraction precipitated between 10,000 and 40,000 x g centrifugation. PMID- 39503 TI - Microbial oxidation of gaseous hydrocarbons: production of methyl ketones from their corresponding secondary alcohols by methane- and methanol-grown microbes. AB - Cultures of methane- or methanol-utilizing microbes, including obligate (both types I and II) and facultative methylotrophic bacteria, obligate methanol utilizers, and methanol-grown yeasts were isolated from lake water of Warinanco Park, Linden, N.J., and lake and soil samples of Bayway Refinery, Linden, N.J. Resting-cell suspensions of these, and of other known C1-utilizing microbes, oxidized secondary alcohols to their corresponding methyl ketones. The product methyl ketones accumulated extracellularly. Succinate-grown cells of facultative methylotrophs did not oxidize secondary alcohols. Among the secondary alcohols, 2 butanol was oxidized at the highest rate. The optimal conditions for in vivo methyl ketone formation were compared among five different types of C1-utilizing microbes. Some enzymatic degradation of 2-butanone was observed. The product, 2 butanone, did not inhibit the oxidation of 2-butanol. The rate of the 2-butanone production was linear for the first 4 h of incubation for all five cultures tested. A yeast culture had the highest production rate. The optimum temperature for the production of 2-butanone was 35 degrees C for all the bacteria tested. The yeast culture had a higher temperature optimum (40 degrees C), and there was a reasonably high 2-butanone production rate even at 45 degrees C. Metal chelating agents inhibit the production of 2-butanone, suggesting the involvement of metal(s) in the oxidation of secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohol dehydrogenase activity was found in the cell-free soluble extract of sonically disrupted cells. The cell-free system requires a cofactor, specifically nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, for its activity. This is the first report of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent, secondary alcohol-specific enzyme. PMID- 39504 TI - Reduction of endogenous nucleic acid in a single-cell protein. AB - The reduction of nucleic acid by an endogenous polynucleotide phosphorylase and ribonuclease in cells of Brevibacterium JM98A (ATCC 29895) was studied. A simple process was developed for the activation of the endogenous RNA-degrading enzyme(s). RNA degradation was activated by the presence of Pi with 14.2 mumol of ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate per g of cell mass accumulating extracellularly. The optimum pH for degradation of RNA was 10.5 and the optimum temperature was 55 to 60 degrees C. Enzymatic activity was inhibited by the presence of Ca2+, Zn2+, or Mg2+. Although some of the RNA-degrading enzymatic activity was associated with the ribosomal fraction, most was soluble. Both polynucleotide phosphorylase and ribonuclease activities were identified. PMID- 39505 TI - Biochemical properties of penicillin amidohydrolase from Micrococcus luteus. AB - Some biochemical properties of whole-cell penicillin amidohydrolase from Micrococcus luteus have been studied. This whole-cell enzyme showed its maximal activity at 36 degrees C at pH 7.5. It was found that the activation energy of this enzyme was 8.03 kcal (ca. 33.6 kJ) per mol, and this amidohydrolase showed first-order decay at 36 degrees C. The penicillin amidohydrolase was deactivated rapidly at temperatures above 50 degrees C during storage or preincubation for 24 h. The Michaelis constant, Km, for penicillin G was determined as 2.26 mM, and the substrate inhibition constant, Kis, was 155 mM. The whole-cell penicillin amidohydrolase from M. luteus was capable of hydrolyzing penicillin G, penicillin V, ampicillin, and cephalexin, but not cephalosporin C and cloxacillin. This whole-cell enzyme also had synthetic activity for semisynthetic penicillins or cephalosporins from D-(--)-alpha-phenylglycine methyl ester and 6-alpha aminopenicillanic acid or 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid. PMID- 39506 TI - Magnesium and iron addition to casein hydrolysate medium for production of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, and C. AB - From comparisons of 4% N-Z Amine NAK made with distilled water, naturally hard water, and synthetic salt solutions, it appeared that magnesium and, to a lesser extent, iron were limiting factors in the production of staphylococcal enterotoxins B and C but not A. Maximum enterotoxin production with NAK medium was achieved by the addition of 5 mg of Mg2/ per liter (for a total of 9 mg of Mg2+ per liter) and 0.5 mg of Fe2+ per liter. Higher levels of magnesium were not inhibitory. Supplementing NAK with commonly used complex components, which added Mg2+ above the 9-mg/liter level, did not result in maximum yields of enterotoxin. Variability in the ability of different lots of NAK to support enterotoxin production may be minimized by supplementing NAK medium with magnesium and iron. PMID- 39507 TI - Effect of SO2 and bisulfite on heterotrophic activity in an acid soil. AB - Glucose oxidation was inhibited in a forest soil (pH 4.01) previously exposed by 1.0 microliter of SO2 per liter, the extent of inhibition and the decline in pH being directly related to the length of exposure. The phase of rapid CO2 evolution in protein hydrolysate-amended soil previously treated with 5.0 microliter of SO2 per liter for 24 h or 1.0 microliter/liter for 48 h was delayed, but the degradation of the amino acid mixture then proceeded rapidly. Bacterial numbers in soil incubated for 48 h with 1.0 microliter of SO2 per liter were reduced, but the bacteria grew rapidly if glucose or an amino acid mixture was added after the exposure period. Low levels of bisulfite inhibited amino acid decomposition in soil at pH 3.89, but the effect was less pronounced in soil at pH 4.01. Comparable levels of sulfate were not toxic to carbon mineralization. Approximately 1.0 microgram of bisulfite S and about 20 microgram of sulfate S per g of soil appeared when the soil was treated with 1.0 microliter of SO2 per liter for 48 h. Bisulfite added to the soil disappeared readily. The possible ecological significance of the findings is discussed. PMID- 39508 TI - Influence of pH, salinity, and organic matter on the adsorption of enteric viruses to estuarine sediment. AB - This study was designed to determine the degree of adsorption of enteric viruses to marine sediment and factors controlling this association. Adsorption and elution characteristics of several enteroviruses and one rotavirus to estuarine sediments were studied under varying conditions of pH, salinity, and presence of soluble organics. Greater than 99% of the added poliovirus type 1 (LSc), coxsackievirus type B3 (Nancy), echovirus type 7 (Wallace), and rotavirus (SA-11) adsorbed to sediment. Echovirus 1 (Farouk) and a recent isolate typed as coxsackievirus B4 adsorbed significantly less than poliovirus 1 under similar conditions of varying salinity and pH. The presence of soluble organic matter, in the form of secondary sewage effluent or humic acid, did not affect these patterns of adsorption. Only echovirus 1 (Farouk) desorbed when the pH or salinity was altered and then only to a small extent. Three recent isolates of echovirus 1 and echovirus 29 (strain JV-10) also demonstrated varying amounts of adsorption to sediment. These data indicate that enteric viruses can become readily associated with sediment in the estuarine environment and that this association may play a major role in their hydrotransportation and survival. PMID- 39509 TI - [Congress of the French Society for Hygiene, Social Medicine and Sanitary Engineering, Paris, 19 and 20 October 1978]. PMID- 39510 TI - Isolation of a sn-glycerol 3-phosphate: NAD oxidoreductase from spinach leaves. PMID- 39511 TI - Cow brain glutaminase: partial purification and mechanism of action. PMID- 39512 TI - NADP-malic enzyme from maize leaf: regulatory properties. PMID- 39513 TI - Regulation of the activity of mung bean (Phaseolus aureus) glutamine synthetase by amino acids and nucleotides. PMID- 39514 TI - The stabilization by a coenzyme analog of a conformational change induced by substrate in 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. PMID- 39515 TI - Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Summary of the Mycosis Fungoides Cooperative Group National Cancer Institute Workshop. PMID- 39516 TI - [Cardiovascular dynamic changes following parenteral and oral administration of various tocolytics]. PMID- 39517 TI - [Drug-induced beta-blocking during fenoterol tocolysis during labor]. PMID- 39518 TI - [Continuing and discontinuing measurement of bioparameters (tissue pH, blood pH, arterial and venous pO2, lactates) in acute animal experiment]. PMID- 39519 TI - [Continuing pH determination sub partu]. PMID- 39520 TI - An 11 year evolution of coronary arterial surgery (1968-1978). AB - All patients who underwent isolated myocardial revascularization procedures from 1967-70 (n = 741) were compared with the first 1,000 patients who received similar elective operations each year from 1971 through 1978. Data from these eight years were processed through a computerized cardiovascular information registry. Median age increased from 50 to 56 years, multiple-vessel disease increased from 44 to 89%, and left ventricular asynergy from 41 to 54%. The number of grafts per patient increased from 1.5 to 2.5 and yet morbidity declined in every category except neurologic deficit. Operative mortality was 1.1% from 1967 through 1978 and 0.9% from 1971 through 1978. Graft patency was determined for 475 patients from 1967-70, 553 patients from 1971, 519 from 1972, and 540 from 1973. Patency rates after a mean catheterization interval of 21 months were 77, 77, 84, and 87% respectively. Higher graft patency coincides with introduction of the internal mammary artery graft. Five year follow-up was completed for the 1967-1970 series and 1971, 1972, and 1973 cohorts. Actuarial five year survival was 89.6, 91.6, 93.2, and 91.7%. Five year survival comparisons between 1967-1970 patients and 1971-1973 patients in single-, double , and triplevessel disease categories show significant extended longevity in the later experience. Abnormal ventricular function and incomplete revascularization adversely influenced longevity (p < 0.05) in all years surveyed. In those series the percentage of asymptomatic patients at five years was 66, 65, 69, and 67%. Lower risk and higher five year survival are attributed to greater technical experience, changing technology, and improved management rather than to selection of lower risk cases. PMID- 39521 TI - Testicular tumors in undescended testes. AB - Twelve cases of malignant tumors in undescended testes were studied. Early diagnosis of these tumors was usually difficult as the testes were intrabdominal and the symptoms vague. Sixty percent of the seminoma cases were of the anaplastic aggressive variant. Early treatment of undescended testes included either orchiopexy or orchidectomy in early childhood. Exploratory laparotomy and frozen section examination of the abdominal nodes, followed by silver clip application, aided in better staging and the planning of further treatment. PMID- 39522 TI - [Noisy circulation syndrome. Study of 28 cases]. AB - Twenty eight subjects with noisy circulation sindrome (NCS) defined as cases at least, with 4 murmurs in different arteries were studied. They were divided in groups A, B, C formed by 9 normal children, 9 peripheral vascular atherosclerosis adults and 10 Takayasu's arteritis cases, respectively. In the whole population a complete chronometric arterial auscultation and in groups B and C an arteriography of at least 3 arteries with murmurs, were performed. Groups A, B and C had 40, 50 and 37 arterial murmurs, respectively, which were predominantly localized in supraortic trunks, pelvic and phemoral arteries, and supraortic and abdominal regions, respectively. 100, 19.1 and 21.1% of PMID- 39523 TI - [Central adrenergic system and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 39524 TI - Tissue levels of several radiolabelled beta-adrenoceptor antagonists after intravenous administration in rats. AB - The uptake of radioactively labelled propranolol, oxprenolol, metoprolol, acebutolol, practolol and atenolol into brain, liver and lung tissue was studied five min after intravenous administration (1.0 mg/kg) in normotensive Wistar rats anaesthetised with nitrous oxide and halothane. All of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists including the least lipophilic compounds atenolol and practolol were detected in brain tissue five min after systemic administration. However, the level of propranolol (as measured by total radioactivity) in the bran was 40 and 67 times greater than the levels found for atenolol and practolol, respectively. Additionally, significantly more radioactivity was detected in lung tissue compared to that in liver tissue for the lipophilic, non-selective beta adrenoceptor antagonists propranolol and oxprenolol. Levels of radioactivity in blood, brain, liver and lung were measured 5, 15, 30 and 60 min after administration of either propranolol or atenolol (1.0 mg/kg, i.v.) to both conscious and anaesthetised rats and a tendency towards high tissue levels of radioactivity was found in the animals which received the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists under anaesthesia. Pretreatment of groups of rats for 7, 14 and 21 days with unlabelled atenolol (1.0 mg/kg/day, i.p.) caused an increase in the subsequent central uptake of labelled atenolol whilst both the blood levels of radioactivity and the uptake into peripheral tissues were significantly lower in the 2 and 3 week pretreated rats compared to the control animals. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a central action may contribute to the antihypertensive effect of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. PMID- 39525 TI - Effects of halopemide, a new psychotropic agent, on the uptake of serotonin by blood platelets. AB - The influence of halopemide, a new psychotropic agent, and some putative metabolites on the uptake of 14C-5-HT into blood platelets of rat and man were studied and compared to the effects of imipramine, sulpiride and clozapine. Halopemide, its putative metabolites R 38570 and R 29676 and sulpiride inhibited the uptake in a dose-dependent manner, but the compounds were less active than imipramine. Clozapine and p-fluorohippuric acid, another putative metabolite of halopemide, were totally devoid of activity. PMID- 39526 TI - Antihypertensive effects of intra-cisternal beta-blocking agents in dogs with acute nerogenic hypertension. AB - Dl-propranolol, acebutolol, atenolol, bupranolol, oxprenolol, pindolol, practolol, sotalol and d-propranolol were injected into the cisterna magna of anesthetized dogs with neurogenic hypertension induced by deafferentation and vagotomy. Dl-propranolol and bupranolol correct the hypertension and the tachycardia of the debuffered dog, whereas oxprenolol has only an action on the heart rate. The other beta-blocking drugs and d-propranolol were inactive at the doses used. Our results show that a mere central effect cannot explain the antihypertensive properties of all the tested beta-blocking agents. PMID- 39527 TI - Relationship between the hypotensive and alpha-adrenoceptor blocking actions of prazosin. AB - The relationship between the hypotensive and alpha-adrenoceptor blocking actions of prazosin was investigated in anaesthetized rats. Pressor responses to norepinephrine and angiotensin II were determined before and after intravenous administration of prazosin, 0.0005 to 0.7 mg/kg. The prazosin-induced reduction in mean arterial pressure was recorded immediately before measurement of 87 such pairs of pressor reponses. The percentage antagonism of norepinephrine-induced pressor responsivity, corrected where necessary for non-specific changes in pressor sensitivity, was used as an index of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade. Linear regression analysis of the data revealed that there was a highly significant correlation between the degree of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade afforded by prazosin and the hypotensive response to the drug. The findings extend those of previous studies in which alpha-blocking properties of prazosin were demonstrated using doses of the drug 10(2) to 10(4)-fold greater than those producing significant hypotensive effects. The present results show that prazosin exhibits alpha-adrenoceptor blocking properties at much lower doses, such that a close relationship exists between its alpha-blocking activity and its hypotensive effects. PMID- 39528 TI - Cardiovascular profile of 2-(3,4-diethyoxy-beta-methoxyphenethyl) imino-1 methylpyrrolidine fumarate (McN-2840-46), a preferential atrial anti-arrhythmic agent. AB - McN-2840-46, 2.5 mg/kg, i.v., protected against atrial tachyarrhythmias induced by three different methods in dogs and monkeys. The compound was inactive against ventricular arrhythmias produced by ouabain and by chloroform-epinephrine interaction at a four-fold higher dose. Significant reversal of ventricular arrhythmias produced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery in dogs was achieved by infusion of 8.8 +/- 2.4 mg/kg, i.v. of McN-2840-46. Myocardial electrogram studies confirm that the atrium is preferentially affected. McN-2840-46 does not possess beta 1- or beta 2-adrenergic blocking activity when evaluated on isolated rabbit atrial and guinea-pit tracheal chain preparations. McN-2840-46 is vagolytic but not anticholinergic. The vagolytic activity is attributed to its local anesthetic effect. Depression of myocardial function was observed in anesthetized dogs and in the heart-lung preparation. However, the isolated cat papillary muscle was stimulated by McN-2840-46 and doses considerably above the effective anti-arrhythmic dose did not significantly decrease cardiac output in the non-anesthetized dog. The results of these experiments suggest that McN-2840-46 is a potent "preferential" atrial anti arrhythmic agent. PMID- 39529 TI - beta-Adrenergic blocking action of halonitrophenethanolamines. AB - A series of phenethanolamines with N-isopropyl and N-tertbutyl substituents and ring-substituted with nitro- and halogen groups has been prepared. Using guinea pig isolated atrial and tracheal preparations, the influence of the nitro-group on the beta 1- and beta 2-antagonist actions of the mono-halogen compounds was determined, and the antagonist and partial agonist effects of the halo-nitro compounds on beta-adrenoceptors in these tissues measured to help elucidate structure-activity relations in this series. The halonitro compounds did not show enhanced activity compared with the mono-halogen substituted analogues. Several of the new compounds showed slight but significant beta 2-antagonist selectivity of action, and one compound was significantly beta 1-selective. PMID- 39530 TI - Modification of behavioral and neurochemical effects of cocaine by haloperidol. AB - Cocaine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) stimulated spontaneous motor activity (SMA) and induced stereotypy (ST) in rats. Haloperidol at 0.015 mg/kg, i.p. dose reduced or blocked cocaine-induced ST, but did not affect, drug-induced hyperactivity. At 0.03 mg/kg, i.p. dose of haloperidol, both behavioral effects were blocked. Cocaine decreased the norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) contents of diencephalon midbrain (DM) and pons-medulla (PM) and increased dopamine (DA) contents in the DM and caudate nucleus (CN) at 20 min after its administration. Haloperidol (0.03 or 0.015 mg/kg) at 30 min postdrug produced opposite effects on the levels of NE, DA and 5-HT in the respective brain areas compared to cocaine. Given in combination, haloperidol reversed the effects of cocaine on the levels of NE, DA and 5-HT. Thus the cocaine-induced behavioral changes and their modification by haloperidol can be correlated to the neurochemical changes produced by these drugs alone or their combination. PMID- 39531 TI - Effect of strophantin on the isolated guinea-pig ileum. AB - The effect of strophantin on isolated guinea-pig ileum was investigated. It was found that strophantin produces a dose-dependent contraction that is not blocked by atropine, ganglionic blockade, but is potentiated by prostigmine. Depolarization of the guinea-pig ileum by a high potassium solution does not change the effect of strophantin. Strophantin response is competitively antagonized by verapamil. The effect is significantly reduced, 5 to 10 min, after the preparation is immersed in zero calcium Tyrode solution. These results support the view that the effect of strophantin is dependent on the influx of calcium through the cell membrane. PMID- 39532 TI - A comparison between lick or lever-pressing contingent reward and the effects of neuroleptics thereon. AB - Rats implanted with an electrode in the lateral hypothalamus were trained to obtain brain-stimulation by either pressing a lever or by licking a steel drinking tube in subsequent 15-min sessions. Half of the rats began the sessions with lever-pressing, the other half began with licking. After stabilization of the response rates, rats were run in saline- or drug-sessions. During the drug sessions rats were treated with 4 doses of the following neuroleptics: haloperidol, pimozide, pipamperone, azaperone. These neuroleptics dose-relatedly inhibited licking for brain-stimulation but suppressed lever-pressing only at the highest dose tested. The lick response was thus inhibited at lower doses than lever-pressing. This differential sensitivity to neuroleptics appears not to be due to a difference in baseline response rates, schedule differences or to the motor activity involved in both responses, but rather to the different thresholds of reinforcement produced by licking and lever-pressing for brain-stimulation. PMID- 39533 TI - Potentiation of D- and L-amphetamine effects on copulatory behavior in female rats by treatment with alpha-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs. AB - The influence of noradrenergic mechanisms on the effects of D- and L-amphetamine on lordosis behavior and stereotype activity was studied in ovariectomized estrogen + progesterone treated rats. Phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine and prazosin, which all block alpha-adrenergic receptors potentiated the inhibitory effect of D-amphetamine on lordosis behavior. Phenoxybenzamine and prazosin also potentiated the effect of L-amphetamine, while phentolamine did not increase the effect. No augmented effect of D- or L-amphetamine was obtained on stereotype activity after pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine or phentolamine. L-propranolol, which blocks beta-adrenergic receptors and pimozide, a dopamine receptor blocker did not influence the effect of D- or L-amphetamine on lordosis behavior. Clonidine an alpha-receptor stimulant drug inhibited lordosis response in estrogen treated rats. This is probably due to a presynaptic effect, decreasing the release of NA from nerve terminals. The possibility that D- and L-amphetamine activates a NA system which influences lordosis behavior either by a direct facilitation or by decreasing the activity of an inhibitory serotonergic system is discussed. PMID- 39534 TI - Effects of chemoreceptor stimulating agents on reflex bradycardia. AB - Effects of carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation on reflex bradycardia were studied by injecting various pharmacological and physiological agents into the external carotid artery of rabbits. Reflex bradycardia was induced by ACh and nicotine in doses from 3 micrograms to 10 micrograms. The response to ACh was markedly potentiated by physostigmine and small doses of atropine, while it was completely blocked bymecamylamine and a large dose of atropine. The nicotine induced bradycardia was also inhibited by mecamylamine and a large dose of atropine. After reserpinization, the responses to ACh and nicotine were depressed, but were elicited by increasing the doses. NaCN, low pH solution and high CO2 saline induced weaker bradycardiac responses which were not affected by atropine and mecamylamine, but were abolished in the reserpinized animals. The results indicate possible participation of dopamine in the chemoreceptor transmission. PMID- 39535 TI - beta-Adrenergic blocking agents in the post-myocardial infarction patient. PMID- 39536 TI - Studies on avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). I. Resistance of IBV to chemical and physical treatments. AB - The resistance of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) to several chemical and physical treatments was studied. Ten strains, including four Japanese strains, were used. 1. All strains were sensitive to heating at 56 degrees C for 15 minutes; although two of them, KH and Massachusetts-41, were resistant to heating at 45 degrees C for 90 minutes. 2. All strains were resistant to pH 3.0 and most of the strains were sensitive to pH 11.0. 3. All strains were completely inactivated by chloroform and sodium deoxycholate and all except Beaudette-42 and Connaught were relatively stable to ether. 4. All strains rapidly lost their infectivities upon ultraviolet irradiation. 5. Trypsin did not affect the infectivity of any strain. 6. From these results, the ten strains were classified into three groups based on their stabilities to exposure to heating at 45 degrees C for 90 minutes and to ether. PMID- 39537 TI - The effect of ribonuclease on the replicative forms of Sindbis virus RNA. AB - Three species of double-stranded RNA, designated RF I, RF II, and RF III in order of decreasing size (25), are produced by ribonuclease treatment of extracts of chicken embryo cells infected for 6 hours with Sindbis virus. Only one class of replicative form RNA is present in extracts not treated with ribonuclease; this class contains some molecules which can be enzymatically cleaved to produce the other two replicative forms. At a low level of enzyme (0.001 microgram/ml) the major species obtained was RF I, the replicative form of the genome. When the enzyme concentration was increased 10-, 100-, and 1000-fold, there was a progressive increase in the proportions of RF's II and III and a concomitant decrease in the proportion of RF I. The generation of RF's II and III by nuclease resulted in the ratio expected for these two species if they are produced by cleavage of RF I-like molecules. In preparations of isolated double-stranded RNA, only RF I and replicative intermediate RNA were present. Mild nuclease treatment of these preparations converted the replicative intermediates primarily to RF I. Higher enzyme levels generated greater proportions of RF II and RF III, but RF I like molecules were the major source for these increased proportions. Treatment of the isolated naturally occurring replicative form with 0.01 microgram of ribonuclease per ml cleaved some molecules migrating as RF I during gel electrophoresis into molecules which migrated as RF II and RF III. PMID- 39538 TI - [Pulmonary lesions in systemic connective tissue diseases with immune disorders (collagen diseases)]. AB - The data from the literature and the authors' own studies on changes in the lungs in systemic diseases of the connective tissue with immune disorders: systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and periarteriitis nodosum are presented. Changes in the lungs in the above diseases have some common features: damage of the microcirculatory bed, increased vascular permeability, impregnation with plasma of alveolar septae and vessel walls, cellular reactions, and septo-alveolar sclerosis. Specific features of each of the diseases under study were demonstrated. The time course of morphological changes in the lungs was followed in relation to the severity, duration, and form of the disease. PMID- 39539 TI - Dipivefrin and epinephrine treatment of elevated intraocular pressure: a comparative study. AB - Every 12 hours 0.1% dipivefrin was administered to one eye and 2% epinephrine hydrochloride was administered to the fellow eye of 42 patients with primary open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension in a randomized, double-masked study lasting three months. Dipivefrin produced similar percent reductions in intraocular pressure (18.6%) to epinephrine (21.0%), as well as similar increases in outflow facility and pupil diameter. A significantly lower incidence of burning and stinging after drug instillation was noted with dipivefrin therapy. This study supported the contention that dipivefrin is an effective and safe alternative to epinephrine therapy for the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure. PMID- 39540 TI - Juvenile main vessel arteritis--a report on two young children with Takayasu arteritis. PMID- 39541 TI - Solubilization of human erythrocyte membrane glycoproteins by triton X-100. AB - 1. The enzymic removal of sialic acid residues from the glycoproteins of the human erythrocyte decreases the solubilization of membrane glycoprotein by Triton X-100. 2. The solubilization of asialoglycoprotein by Triton X-100 may be restored by the addition of borate. 3. Use of this non-ionic detergent in the presence of borate, as a general procedure for the mild solubilization of membrane glycoproteins deficient in sialic acid residues, is discussed. PMID- 39542 TI - The partial purification of sodium-plus-potassium ion-dependent adenosine triphosphatase from the gills of Anguilla anguilla and its inhibition by orthovanadate. AB - 1. (Na+ +K+)-dependent ATPase was partially purified from eel gills by a procedure in which the microsomal fraction of crude preparations of chloride cells was selectively extracted with sodium dodecyl sulphate. 2. The microsomal specific activity was increased 2-fold during optimal treatment with detergent. 3. The final preparation (56% pure) had a specific activity of 341 mumol of ATP hydrolysed/h per mg of protein and a turnover number of 3560 min-1. The number of ouabain-binding sties equalled the number of sites phosphorylated by ATP. 4. Both sodium orthovanadate and ouabain inhibited the purified preparation more than the microsomal fraction, vanadate being more effective on an equimolar basis than ouabain. 5. Inhibition by orthovanadate was not enhanced at 28 mM-as compared with 1mM-MgCl2 and was not reversed by beta-adrenergic agonists (cf. Josephson & Cantley (1977) Biochemistry 16, 4572--4578). 6. Of various other metallic oxyanions tested only niobate proved an effective inhibitor of the enzyme although this anion was less effective than orthovanadate. 7. Orthovanadate partially inhibited phosphorylation of the enzyme by ATP in the presence of 28 mM MgCl2. PMID- 39543 TI - NADH- and NADPH-dependent formation of superoxide anions by bovine heart submitochondrial particles and NADH-ubiquinone reductase preparation. AB - 1. Both NADH and NADPH supported the oxidation of adrenaline to adrenochrome in bovine heart submitochondrial particles. The reaction was completely inhibited in the presence of superoxide dismutase, suggesting that superoxide anions (O(2) ( )) are responsible for the oxidation. The optimal pH of the reaction with NADPH was at pH7.5, whereas that with NADH was at pH9.0. The reaction was inhibited by treatment of the preparation with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and stimulated by treatment with rotenone. Antimycin A and cyanide stimulated the reaction to the same extent as rotenone. The NADPH-dependent reaction was inhibited by inorganic salts at high concentrations, whereas the NADH-dependent reaction was stimulated. 2. Production of O(2) (-) by NADH-ubiquinone reductase preparation (Complex I) with NADH or NADPH as an electron donor was assayed by measuring the formation of adrenochrome or the reduction of acetylated cytochrome c which does not react with the respiratory-chain components. p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate inhibited the reaction and rotenone stimulated the reaction. The effects of pH and inorganic salts at high concentrations on the NADH- and NADPH-dependent reactions of Complex I were essentially similar to those on the reactions of submitochondrial particles. 3. These findings suggest that a region between a mercurialsensitive site and the rotenone-sensitive site of the respiratory-chain NADH dehydrogenase is largely responsible for the NADH- and NADPH-dependent O(2) (-) production by the mitochondrial inner membranes. PMID- 39544 TI - Hepatocyte differentiation in culture. Appearance of tyrosine aminotransferase. AB - Liver of rat foetuses from 14 to 19 days of gestation and cultured hepatocytes derived from foetuses of 14 or 15 days gestation show a limited capacity to transaminate tyrosine. This low tyrosine transamination activity can be ascribed to aspartate aminotransferase. Definitive tyrosine aminotransferase can be demonstrated in 1-day-old cultures of hepatocytes taken from 19-day foetuses, but not from 15-day foetuses. However, after 3 days of culture hepatocytes from 15 day foetuses are able to synthesize tyrosine aminotransferase. Induction studies reveal that dexamethasone is capable of increasing tyrosine aminotransferase activity once it is detectable in culture. PMID- 39545 TI - The porphyrin pigmentation of subspecies of Bacteroides melaninogenicus. AB - Various subspecies of Bacteroides melaninogenicus differ in their pigmentation. Subsp. asaccharolyticus produces protohaem almost exclusively, subsp. intermedicus both protohaem and a smaller proportion of protoporphyrin, and subsp. melaninogenicus mainly protoporphyrin with a trace of protohaem. As a consequence young colonies can be differentiated by their red fluorescence in u.v. light (365nm): subsp. asaccharolyticus does not fluoresce, subsp. intermedicus shows a limited fluorescence, and subsp. melaninogenicus shows a bright fluorescence. The pigments were isolated as the dimethyl esters of protohaemin and of protoporphyrin and identified by electronic spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and comparisons by t.l.c. Incorporation of delta-aminolaevulinate into these pigments was not detected, nor was porphobilinogen formation observed. Subsp. melaninogenicus grown in the presence of [14C]protohaemin formed [14C]protoporphyrin. This appears to represent a novel biological demetallation. PMID- 39546 TI - Re-examination of the subcellular localization of thyroxine 5'-deiodination in rat liver. AB - We describe the existence of at least two thyroxine 5'-deiodinases in rat liver. They co-fractionate with NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, the marker enzyme for membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum. Subcellular-localization studies of the most active microsomal thyroxine 5'-deiodinase were performed under substrate saturation and at optimal pH 6.8. This enzyme was a Km(app.) of about 3 microM thyroxine and a Vmax. of about 8 ng of tri-iodothyronine/min per mg of protein. Our study confirms in part the earlier reports of microsomal localization of thyroxine 5'-deiodination. However, this process is not mediated by only a single enzyme. PMID- 39547 TI - Subcellular localization and ionic properties of acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase in the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. AB - Acetyl-CoA synthetase activity was shown to be present in pure cholinergic synaptosomes from electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. After osmotic disruption of synaptosomes a substantial part of the activity was recovered in the soluble fraction. The effects of varying pH and increasing K+ concentrations on the synaptosomal enzyme activity were shown to differ from those observed with the mitochondrial enzyme. Whereas this latter enzyme showed optimal activity above pH 8.5, and a maximal activation in the presence of 120 mM-K+, the synaptosomal enzyme exhibited an optimal activity at pH 7.9 and a moderate K+ stimulatory effect with an optimal concentration of 30 mM. PMID- 39548 TI - Interactions of small molecules with phospholipid bilayers. Binding to egg phosphatidylcholine of some organic anions (bromosulphophthalein, oestrone sulphate, haem and bilirubin) that bind to ligandin and aminoazo-dye-binding protein A. AB - 1. To assess the possible involvement of ligandin and aminoazo-dye-binding protein A in intracellular transport it is necessary to know how their ligands, most of which are molecules with hydrophobic moieties, interact with cellular membranes. To obtain such information we examined the interactions of bromosulphophthalein, oestrone sulphate, haem and bilirubin with aqueous dispersions of egg phosphatidylcholine and egg phosphatidylchone/cholesterol (1:1, molar ratio) by equilibrium dialysis and spectrophotometry. 2. In all four cases, saturation effects were observed. Values of Vmax (v = mol of compound bound/mol of lipid phosphorus) at 25 degrees C were: for bromosulphophthalein, approximately 0.1; for oestrone sulphate, approximately 0.25; for haem, approximately 0.25 (all at pH 7.4); and for bilirubin 0.1--0.2 (at pH 8.2). 3. Limiting values of v/c (c = unbound concentration) as v leads to 0 at 25 degrees C and pH 7.4 are: for bromosulphophthalein, 6.25 x 10(4) litre-mol-1; for oestrone sulphate, 7.8 x 10(2) litre-mol-1; for haem, 4.5 x 10(5) litre-mol-1; and for bilirubin, approximately 1.2 x 10(4) litre-mol-1. For haem the result depends on the assumption that only the monomeric form binds to the lipid. 4. The binding of each compound was decreased by cholesterol; bromosulphophthalein and oestrone sulphate were affected more than haem and bilirubin. 5. Bromosulphophthalein at saturating concentration decreased the limiting values of v/c of the other three compounds by approximately one order of magnitude. 6. By assuming that the interactions with egg phosphatidylcholine resemble those with the phospholipid components of mammalian intracellular membranes the binding data for phosphyatidylcholine, together with data for binding to the intracellular proteins ligandin and aminoazo-dye-binding protein A, enable the subcellular distributions of the four compounds to be estimated. For the rat hepatocyte up to 92, 51, 98 and 47% of the total bromosulphophthalein, oestrone sulphate, haem and bilirubin respectively may be membrane-bound. PMID- 39550 TI - Tyrosine aminotransferase induction in hepatocytes cultured from rat foetuses treated with dexamethasone in utero. AB - 1. The administration of dexamethasone to foetal rats in utero does not result in the appearance of specific tyrosine aminotransferase activity even after 24 h. 2. When foetal hepatocytes are cultured in vitro from animals treated in utero with dexamethasone, significantly higher activities of specific tyrosine aminotransferase are found than in untreated controls. 3. Dexamethasone in vitro induces specific tyrosine aminotransferase in cells cultured from control animals and the effect is maximal at 10 nM in the culture medium. 4. Actinomycin D at 0.2 microgram/ml in the culture medium completely prevents the induction of activity in vitro. 5. In cultures established from animals treated with dexamethasone in utero, the increase in specific tyrosine aminotransferase activity over the control cultures is only marginally decreased in the presence of actinomycin D. 6. The results can be interpreted to mean that dexamethasone in utero stimulates the transcription of enzyme-specific mRNA, which is not rranslated until a translational block in the foetal liver is removed by the conditions of culture in vitro. PMID- 39549 TI - The effects of calcium ions and adenine nucleotides on the activity of pig heart 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. AB - 1. The effects of Ca2+ (mainly by using EGTA buffers), pH, ATP and ADP on the activity of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex from pig heart were explored. 2. Ca2+ (about 30 micrometer) resulted in a decrease in the apparent Km for 2-oxoglutarate from 2.1 to 0.16 mM (at pH 7) without altering the maximal velocity. At 0.1 mM-oxoglutarate there was a 4--5-fold activation by Ca2+, with an apparent Km for Ca2+ of 1.2 micrometer. A similar activation was also observed with Sr2+ (Km 15.1 micrometer), but not wised markedly from pH 7.4 TO 6.6. The effects of Ca2+ remained evident over this pH range. 4. In the presence of Mg2+, ATP resulted in a marked increase in the apparent Km for oxoglutarate, whereas ADP greatly decreased thisp arameter. The concentrations of adenine nucleotide required for half-maximal effects were about 10 micrometer in each case. 5. The effects of the adenine nucleotides and Ca2+ on the apparent Km for oxoglutarate appeared to be essentially independent of each other, reversible, and demonstrable in the presence of end product inhibition by NADH and obtained. 6. Effects similar to those described above were also observed on the activity of 2 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase from rat heart and brown adipose tissue. 7. We discuss the mechanisms controlling this enzyme's activity and compare these regulatory features with those of NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase and the pyruvate dehydrogenase system, which are also sensitive to Ca2+ and adenine nucleotides. PMID- 39551 TI - The role of insulin in the regulation of stearic acid desaturase activity in liver and adipose tissue from obese--hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) and lean mice. AB - The relationship between the hyperinsulinaemia of obese--hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice and their high activity of stearic acid delta 9-desaturase compared with lean mice has been investigated. The concentrations of plasma insulin in obese mice were decreased by 71, 88 and 96% after treatment either with alloxan or food restriction to maintain the same weight as lean mice, or treatment of the weight restricted mice with alloxan followed by feeding ad libitum. The concentration of plasma insulin produced by the latter treatment was the same as in normal lean mice. After treatment the hepatic desaturase activities were 24, 68 and 19% less respectively on a cell basis than in livers from untreated obese mice, and the total epididymal fat-pad activities were lower by 16, 62 and 57%. These results suggest that hyperinsulinaemia is not essential for the increased hepatic desaturase, controlling the hepatic desaturase activity, but even this may be subject to overriding regulation by the concentration of esterified linoleic acid in the liver lipids, which was negatively correlated (r = 0.91, P less than 0.001) with desaturase activity. PMID- 39552 TI - The assay and partial characterization of macromolecular heparin depolymerase activity in rat small intestine. AB - Homogenates of rat small intestine can depolymerize macromolecular rat skin heparin (RS heparin) to products similar in size to commercial heparin [Horner (1972) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 69, 3469--3473]. This activity is attributed to an enzyme provisionally named 'macromolecular heparin depolymerase'. An assay for macromolecular heparin depolymerase activity in rat small intestine has been developed, based on the action of the enzyme on 35S-labelled macromolecular RS heparin. The depolymerized products are separated into two peaks by gel chromatography through columns of Bio-Gel A-15m. The amount of label in the second peak, expressed as a percentage of the total radioactivity, is the index of enzyme activity. The pH optimum was found to be 6.0 and the temperature optimum 45 degrees C. The enzyme was shown to be most stable in 50mM-Tris/maleate buffer containing 1 mM-EDTA. Macromolecular heparin depolymerase activity measured as a function of time and substrate concentration produced curves typical of an enzymic reaction. Evidence was obtained demonstrating that the activity did not originate from bacteria in the intestine. Macromolecular heparin depolymerase activity was increased by dilution and storage at 7 degrees C for 24 h. This suggests that homogenates of rat small intestine contain an unstable inhibitor of the enzyme. PMID- 39553 TI - Differences between microsomal and mitochondrial-matrix palmitoyl-coenzyme A hydrolase, and palmitoyl-L-carnitine hydrolase from rat liver. AB - Palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.2) and palmitoyl-L-carnitine hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.28) activities from rat liver were investigated. 1. Microsomal and mitochondrial-matrix palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activities had similar pH and temperature optima, although the activities showed different temperature stability. They were inhibited by Pb2+ and Zn2+. The palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activities in microsomal fraction and mitochondrial matrix were differently affected by the addition of Mg2+, Ca2+, Co2+, K+ and Na+ to the reaction mixture. ATP, ADP and NAD+ stimulated the microsomal activity and inhibited the mitochondrial-matrix enzyme. The activity of both the microsomal and mitochondrial-matrix hydrolase enzymes was specific for long-chain fatty acyl-CoA esters (C12-C18), with the highest activity for palmitoyl-CoA. The apparent Km for palmitoyl-CoA was 47 microM for the microsomal enzyme and 17 microM for the mitochondrial-matrix enzyme. 2. The palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase and palmitoyl-L carnitine hydrolase activities of microsomal fraction had similar pH optima and were stimulated by dithiothreitol, but were affected differently by the addition of Pb2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Mn2+ and cysteine. The two enzymes had different temperature sensitivities. 3. The data strongly suggest that palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase and palmitoyl-L-carnitine hydrolase are separate microsomal enzymes, and that the hydrolysis of palmitoyl-CoA in the microsomal fraction and mitochondria matrix was catalysed by two different enzymes. PMID- 39554 TI - Purification and properties of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase from human placenta. AB - 1. N-Acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase was purified about 20000-fold from the soluble extract of human placenta with N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate glucuronic acid-N-acetyl[1-(3)H]galactosaminitol 6-sulphate as substrate in the activity assay. The enzyme appears to be a glycoprotein with a mol.wt. of about 100000 as determined by gel filtration. On gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate the major protein band had a mol.wt. of 78000. Variable charge heterogeneity was observed in several enzyme preparations. 2. The purified enzyme released up to one sulphate molecule from the disulphated trisaccharide. It was active towards N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate and exhibited no measurable N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase or any other known lysosomal sulphatase activity. Hydrolysis of [1-(3)H]galactitol 6-sulphate was achieved by incubation neither with a crude nor with a purified enzyme preparation. Chondroitin 6-sulphate and keratan sulphate, as well as heparin and heparan sulphate, served as competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. 3. Purified N acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase activity was optimal at pH4.9 and 4.4 when assayed in 0.02m-sodium acetate buffer and at pH4.2 and 5.2 in 0.1m-sodium acetate buffer. A single pH-optimum at pH4.8 was observed for the crude enzyme and for the purified enzyme after mild periodate treatment. The sulphatase activity was inhibited by a variety of anions and cations and activated by thiol specific and thiol reagents. PMID- 39555 TI - Partial purification and properties of L-asparagine synthetase from mouse pancreas. AB - l-Asparagine synthetase was partially purified from mouse pancreas to a final mean specific activity of 0.10 unit/mg of protein. The enzyme exhibited an l glutaminase activity which was not affected by l-asparate, NH(4)Cl, ATP-MgCl(2), l-glutamate, AMP (sodium salt) or sodium pyrophosphate. The l-glutamine-dependent l-asparagine synthetase activity of the partially purified enzyme from mouse pancreas was markedly decreased by freezing for 7 days at -87 degrees C in the presence of 1mm-dithiothreitol, but effectively protected from inactivation by high concentrations (10mm) of the thiol reagent. The l-glutaminase activity of the enzyme was inhibited by antagonists of l-glutamine (e.g. 6-diazo-5-oxo-l norleucine, 5-chloro-4-oxo-l-norvaline, 5-diazo-4-oxo-l-norvaline and NSC-163501) and thiol-reactive compounds (e.g. 2-amino-4-arsenophenol hydrochloride, maleimide, mucochloric acid and ZnCl(2)), but not by aminomalonic acid, the next lower homologue of l-aspartate, nor by l-homoserine beta-adenylate, an analogue of the presumed transitory covalent intermediate. The complete forward reaction catalysed by l-asparagine synthetase from mouse pancreas appears to be irreversible and essentially stoicheiometric under the conditions examined. Mouse pancreas contains a proteolytic inhibitor of l-asparagine synthetase separable from the enzyme by ion-exchange column chromatography. The inhibitor is activated by incubation at 4 degrees C for 110h and inactivated by soya-bean trypsin inhibitor, di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate and boiling. PMID- 39556 TI - Effects of L-methionine-DL-sulfoximine and beta-N-oxalyl-L-alpha, beta diaminopropionic acid on nitrogenase biosynthesis and activity in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. PMID- 39557 TI - Ionophoretic activity in pancreatic islets. PMID- 39558 TI - Activatin of guanylate cyclase during the oxidation of arylamine carcinogens. PMID- 39559 TI - Treatment of glutathione synthetase deficient fibroblasts by inhibiting gamma glutamyl transpeptidase activity with serine and borate. PMID- 39560 TI - Optical measurement of a solvent-induced isomerization in a proline-containing hexapeptide. PMID- 39561 TI - Modulation of rat myometrial guanylate cyclase activities by sodium nitroprusside and unsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 39562 TI - Neocarzinostatin: spectral characterization and separation of a non-protein chromophore. PMID- 39563 TI - Biosynthesis of riboflavin: reductase and deaminase of Ashbya gossypii. PMID- 39564 TI - Phospho ADP ribosylation of human glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase: probable mechanism of the occurrence of hyperanodic forms. PMID- 39565 TI - Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and clinically related diseases. AB - Sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and clinically related diseases were examined for cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCA). The incidence of LCA was significantly increased in SLE (93%), discoid lupus (50%), and "lupus-like" syndromes associated with congenital complement deficiencies (63%) as compared to normal controls (3%) and patients with drug-induced lupus (11%), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) (17%), and necrotizing vasculitis (19%). The diagnostic and pathogenetic implications of these differences are discussed. PMID- 39566 TI - Limited plasmapheresis in rheumatoid arthritis with vasculitis. PMID- 39567 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological properties of eterylate, a new derivative of acetylsalicylic acid. AB - A description is given of the synthesis and main physical and chemical properties of a new derivative of acetylsalicylic acid which we have called eterylate and which is 2-(p-acetamidophenyloxy)-ethyl-o-acetoxy-benzoate. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic action of the preparation was studied and found to be comparable to that of acetylsalicylic acid and benorylate. Nevertheless, eterylate is tolerated better than the latter product, as is shown by toxicity tests and studies of the digestive system. PMID- 39568 TI - Fluorimetric determination and pharmacokinetic studies of fazadinium bromide in dogs. AB - A rapid fluorimetric method for the estimation in biological fluids of the neuromuscular-relaxant drug 1,1'-azobis-3-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-imidazo-[1,2-a] pyridinium dibromide (fazadinium bromide, AH 8165) is described. The drug is hydrolized by alkali to give 3-methyl-2-phenyl-1H-(1,2-a)-imidazo-pyridinium bromide, which is extracted by cyclohexane and measured for fluorescence. Intravenous administration (1 mg/kg) in dogs gives initial blood levels of unchanged drug of 4.34 +/- 0.25 microgram/ml. The decay of serum concentrations is rapid. The extent of urinary excretion of unchanged drug is 15% within 6 h. PMID- 39569 TI - Experimental neuropathy with Parkinson-like muscular rigidity. A suitable model for testing dopaminergic agonists and neuroleptic drugs. PMID- 39570 TI - Pharmacological properties of 6-(o-chlorophenyl)-8-ethyl-1-methyl-4H-s triazolo[3,4-c]thieno[2,3-e] [1,4]diazepine (Y-7131), a new anti-anxiety drug. AB - 6-(o-Chlorophenyl)-8-ethyl-1-methyl-4H-s-triazolo[3,4-c]thienol[2,3 e][1,4]diazepine (Y-7131), a new derivative of the thienodiazepines, had marked activities in antipentylenetetrazole effect in mice, attenuation of conflict behavior in rats, inhibition of aggressive behavior induced by hypothalamic stimulation in cats and muscle relaxant effects in normal and decerebrate cats. Y 7131 had weak activities in anti-MES effect in mice and loss of righting reflex in mice. The acute toxicity of Y-7131 was considerably lower than that of diazepam. No significant autonomic or neuroleptic effects were noted. Y-7131 appears to be a characteristic and potent anti-anxiety agent different from the benzodiazepines. PMID- 39571 TI - Effects of 6-(o-chlorophenyl)-8-ethyl-1-methyl-4H-s-triazolo [3,4-c]thieno[2,3 e][1,4]diazepine (Y-7131) on the metabolism of biogenic amines in brain. AB - A new derivative of thienodiazepine, 6-(o-chlorophenyl)-8-ethyl-1-methyl-4H-s triazolo[3,4-c]thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepine (Y-7131) decreased the turnover of 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) but not that of dopamine (DA) in the rat brain. The potency of Y-7131 in inhibiting the 5-HT turnover was stronger than that of diazepam. Imipramine decreased the turnover of 5-HT, whereas chlorpromazine increased the turnover of DA. Y-7131 decreased the turnover of norepinephrine (NE) in the mouse brain. With diazepam, such an action was not recognized. Imipramine did not affect the turnover of NE, whereas chlorpromazine increased it. Y-7131 inhibited the uptake of NE in the mouse brain, although it did not inhibit the uptake of 5-HT. Diazepam was devoid of such an action. Imipramine inhibited the uptake of both amines. The increase of the turnover of 5-HT, NE and DA due to foot-shock stress in the rat brain was suppressed by the administration of Y-7131. In this antagonistic effect, Y-7131 was more potent than diazepam. Neither imipramine nor chlorpromazine showed these antagonistic effects. The results obtained suggest that Y-7131 has biochemical profiles similar to diazepam but differs from it in exhibiting inhibitory effect on the NE turnover and its uptake. PMID- 39572 TI - Absorption, distribution and excretion of a new thienodiazepine derivative (Y 7131) in rats and mice. AB - The synthesis of radioactive 6-(o-chlorophenyl)-8-ethyl-1-methyl-4H-s triazolo[3,4-c]thieno[2,3-e][1,4]diazepine (Y-7131), a new psychotropic agent, is descirbed. The labelled compound was rapidly and completely absorbed following oral administration to rats and mice. The blood levels of radioactivity reached maximum at 0.5 h in rats, and 1 h in mice, respectively, and then declined rapidly with biological half-lives of about 1.5 h in both animals, although the level was higher in mice than in rats. Approximately 45% of the radioactivity in the serum was bound to the serum protein at 1 h after oral administration. The dosed radioactivity was almost completely excreted within 3 days. In rats, more radioactivity was excreted in feces than in urine, while the reverse was noted in mice. An extensive biliary excretion of radioactivity was evidenced in rats after oral dosing. The highest concentrations of radioactivity were found in the liver, kidney, and adrenals, while relatively low levels in the brain of rats. The distribution patterns of radioactivity in mice were similar to those in rats except for the serum and liver. No remarkable accumulation of radioactivity in rat tissues was observed by repeated oral doses of the labelled compound for periods up to 21 days. The metabolic pathways of Y-7131 were qualitatively similar in rats and mice, and one of them was demonstrated to be the hydroxylation at alpha-position in the ethyl side chain. PMID- 39573 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies on interactions between dipotassium clorazepate and alcohol after oral application (author's transl)]. AB - Pharmacokinetic investigations concerning possible interactions of an orally administered single dosage of 20 mg dipotassium clorazepate and ethanol were conducted with 14 male subjects. Blood alcohol concentrations did not appear to be influenced by dipotassium clorazepate or its metabolites nordiazepam and oxazepam. The increase in oxazepam glucuronide excreted in the urine, however, was statistically significant. Nordiazepam concentration in the serum differed considerably between the group with ethanol administration and the control group. This metabolization pattern is apparently the result of the inhibitory effect of ethanol on hydroxylization processes during biotransformation of the metabolite nordiazepam. PMID- 39574 TI - Studies on the effects of MJ-9184-1 in man. AB - A new beta 2-adrenergic receptor stimulating drug, 2-hydroxy-5-[1-hydroxy-2-(2 methyl-1-phenyl-2-propyl-amino)-ethyl]-methanesulfonanilide hydrochloride (MJ 9184-1), was found to be a potent bronchodilator in man. In double-blind cross over study including placebo, 0.25 mg and 0.50 mg MJ-9184-1 and involving ten patients with stable chronic obstructive lung disease with reversible airways obstruction, MJ-9184-1 caused a fast-appearing and long-lasting bronchodilator effect. The oral intake of 0.50 mg MJ-9184-1, compared to 0.25 mg, caused a more rapid effect and a more pronounced bronchodilation; 0.50 mg MJ-9184-1 also caused some elevation of the pulse rate. The effect was not seen after 0.25 mg MJ-9184 1. PMID- 39575 TI - Microbiological activity of cefazedone as compared to cefazolin and cephalothin. AB - In a comparison of the antibacterial activity of (6R,7R)-7-(2-[3,5-dichloro-4-oxo 1(4H)-pyridyl]-acetamido)-3-([5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thio]methyl)-8-oxo 5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4,2,0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (cefazedone, Refosporen) as compared to other cephalosporins it can be seen that cefazedone possesses good activity against gram-positive bacteria; as regards activity against Enterobacteriaceae, in particular strains of E. coli, Klebsiella species and Proteus mirabilis, they fall within the spectrum of activity of the substance. PMID- 39576 TI - [Influence of Silybin-dihemisuccinate on fatty acid synthesis in rat liver (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The influence of silybin-dihemisuccinate, a derivative of the flavonolignane silybin from silybum marianum L. Gaertn., on fatty acid biosynthesis of rat liver was studied measuring the radioactivity incorporation of [1-14C]-acetate and 3H2O in fatty acids of the postmitochondrial supernatant of liver homogenates and in fatty acids of liver slices as well as the activities of enzymes involved in do novo synthesis of fatty acids. 2. In the postmitochondrial supernatant of liver homogenates or in liver slices, prepared 30 or 60 min after i.v. injection of 150.6 mg/kg silybin-dihemisuccinate, radioactivity incorporation of 14C-acetate or 3H2O in fatty acids was lowered by about 25%. Adding silybin-dihemisuccinate to incubation mixture in vitro in the concentration of 0.45--0.6 mmol/l silybin the radioactivity incorporation was linearly diminished with increased concentration of silybin. 3. After in vitro addition of varying concentrations of silybin to incubation mixtures in the presence of 0.1 mmol/l silybin activities of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase, fatty-acid-synthetase and ATP-citrate-lyase were diminished by about 50%, while activity of NADP-malate-dehydrogenase was lowered by 20% in the presence of 1 mmol/l silybin. 4. Our results suggest that silybin caused an unspecific and, under in vivo conditions, transitory inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in rat liver. PMID- 39577 TI - [Sleep profile and sleep periodicity of more than 24 hours in humans under the influence of a butyrophenone derivative. 1. Sleep correction in subjects with oligosymptomatic sleep disorders]. PMID- 39578 TI - [Synthesis of several phenoxymethylphenyl derivatives with local-anesthetic activity (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Several 4-phenoxymethyl-procaine derivatives (IV) were synthetised in order to investigate the influence of the intermediate chain on the activity. 2. By replacing the CH2-CH2-group in fomocain by a COO-group we succeeded in doubling the efficacy of this local anesthetic. 3. The type and position of the hetero atoms, N,S and O in the intermediate chain of the procaine (I), xylocaine (II), cinchocaine (III) and phenoxymethyl-procaine (IV) series have in each of these series quite a different effect due to the structural specificity of the remaining part of the molecule. 4. Other examples confirm the significance of the ester group in the intermediate chain for the liposolubility and reactivity. In ketones these properties are altered unfavourably. PMID- 39579 TI - [Synthesis and H2-antihistaminic activity of ring methylated metiamide analogues. 4th communication: H2-antihistaminic agents (author's transl)]. AB - In studies on structure-activity relationships of histamine H2-receptor antagonists, the influence of different imidazole ring methylation on the H2 antagonist activity was investigated. 2-Methyl-, 5-methyl-, 2,5-dimethyl- and unsubstituted analogues of metiamide were prepared and tested. While 5-methyl- and unmethylated analogues with a thiourea group proved to be quite active, the 2 methyl- and 2,5-dimethyl-derivatives, as well as those with a urea group, had only low H2-antihistaminic activity. PMID- 39580 TI - [On the mechanism of the positive inotropic effect of triamterene on the myocardium (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of triamterene on the contractile force and the cellular electrolyte content and exchange was studied in isolated, electrically stimulated guinea-pig atria. 1. Triamterene (40 to 200 mumol/l) produces a positive inotropic effect which is most pronounced when the extracellular calcium concentration is reduced (1.2 to 0.6 mmol/l) or the contractile force is diminished by pentobarbital (400 mumol/l). The inotropic action of triamterene was shown to be independent of the rate of stimulation (1--2 Hz). 2. By pretreatment with the adrenergic beta-receptor blocking drugs bupranolol and pindolol or by reserpinization the positive inotropic effect of triamterene was not significantly altered. 3. After incubating the atrial preparations with 45calcium for 30 min the intracellularly exchangeable calcium fraction was significantly enhanced by triamterene (100 mumol/l). If triamterene was added to the bathing medium after the 45calcium exchange process had already reached a steady-state, no further increase in the extent of the intracellular calcium exchange was observed during an additional 30-min period of incubation. Since the cellular total calcium content shows remained unchanged it is postulated that the increase in calcium influx is balanced by a simultaneous elevation of calcium efflux. In addition, triamterene did not show any influence on the intracellular potassium, sodium and magnesium content as well as on the extracellular space volume. PMID- 39581 TI - A comparative study of the effects of prostaglandins and H2-receptor antagonists on gastric acid secretion, mucosal blood flow and ulcer formation. AB - The prostaglandins E2 and 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 methyl ester were compared with the H2-receptor antagonists burimamide and metiamide for their effects on gastric acid secretion (GAS) and gastric mucosal blood flow (MBF) in rats and dogs, and on ulcer formation in rats. Orally, both 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 methyl ester (20 microgram/kg) and metiamide (6 mg/kg) were markedly effective inhibitors of GAS stimulated by histamine acid phosphate or pentagastrin in Heidenhain pouch dogs, producing a reduction both in volume of gastric juice and in the concentration of titratable acid. In anaesthetised rats, however, the H2-receptor antagonists, when perfused into the gastric lumen, did not consistently inhibit the increased GAS caused by various secretagogues. In contrast, the prostaglandins, under the same conditions, caused marked inhibition of GAS provoked by all secretagogues. Intravenously, both burimamide and metiamide were effective in inhibiting GAS in rats but were less potent than the prostaglandins. The order of potency was: 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2 methyl ester greater than PGE2 greater than metiamide greater than burimamide. By the oral route, the H2-receptor antagonists were found to be very weak inhibitors of indometacin-induced gastric ulcer in rats, as compared to the prostaglandins. MBF studies in rats and in Heidenhain dogs showed that i.v. or p.o. administration inhibited both GAS and MBF in most cases. The ratio r = [MBF (ml/min)/GAS (mumol H+/min)] was generally increased by both types of compounds, suggesting a preferential effect on GAS. PMID- 39582 TI - Studies of cholesterol esterase in rat arterial wall. AB - Cholesterol esterase activity was estimated in homogenates of rat arterial wall using radioactive cholesteryl oleate incorporated into phospholipid vesicles as a substrate. The labeled oleic acid was separated from the ester by addition of benzene-chloroform-methanol mixture. Under these conditions, two pH optima were found at about 4.5 and 7.5. Most of the activities at pH 4.5 and 7.5 were found in the lysosomal and microsomal fraction, respectively. No enzyme activity was detected when the substrate vesicles were prepared with phosphatidylethanolamine or sphingomyelin, but the activity was higher when the substrate vesicles were prepared with phosphatidylserine and highest when they were prepared with phosphatidylcholine. The relationship between enzyme regulation and lipid deposition in the arterial wall is discussed. PMID- 39583 TI - Attachment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to human sperm. Microscopical study of trypsin and iron. AB - Pilated Neisseria gonorrhoeae of colony type 1 (T1) and non-pilated bacteria of colony type 4 (T4) were observed by transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). No pili were observed on T4 gonogocci, but two types of pili- straight, type a, and bent, type b--were seen on T1 by TEM. When incubated with human sperum and examined by either TEM or SEM, T1 gonococci were seen to attach by individual pili, by several pili wound together as a rope, or by direct contact. Gonococci from T4 colonies attached only by direct contact. Treatment with typsin (1 mg/ml) damaged or removed pili from gonococci. After incubation with trypsin, attachment of pilated gonococci to sperm was decreased significantly, but such treatment did not affect attachment of non-pilated gonococci. Incubation of gonococci from either colony type in 0.1 mmol/l ferric nitrate, followed by incubation with sperm, significantly increased attachment of only T4 bacteria. No pili were seen on T4 gonococci treated with ferric nitrate; thus, it appears that factors other than pili alone are concerned in attachment of these gonococci to sperm. PMID- 39584 TI - Haemodynamic effects of a new beta 1-receptor agonist in acute myocardial infarction. A useful antidote to unwanted cardiac effects of beta-blocking agents. AB - The haemodynamic effects of a new beta 1-receptor agonist, 1-(4 hydroxyphenoxy) 3 isopropylamino-2-propanol, were studied in 25 patients after acute myocardial infarction using non-invasive methods. The drug caused an increase in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, without change in diastolic blood pressure, and a slight increase in heart rate and reduction in the pre-ejection period. These changes were greater in patients without a history of left heart failure. It is suggested that this cardioselective drug possesses positive inotropic activity but only slight positive chronotropic activity. The substance has been further investigated as a possible antidote to unwanted cardiac side effects of the cardioselective beta-blocker, metoprolol. The changes in the cardiovascular dynamics caused by metoprolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction were promptly reversed by this new beta 1-agonist. With its positive inotropic properties and its efficacy in reversing the effects of a cardioselective beta blocker, the drug is a potentially useful pharmacological agent to support an acutely depressed myocardium in patients on beta-blocking agents. PMID- 39585 TI - The effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on factors affecting exercise tolerance in normal man. AB - 1 We have studied the effects of single oral doses of 80 mg propranolol and 100 mg metoprolol on the cardiovascular and respiratory responses to progressive exercise in nine healthy men in double-blind, placebo-controlled experiment. As judged by their effects on exercise heart rate and cardiac output the doses of the two drugs used were equivalent. 2 Beta-adrenoceptor blockade reduced oxygen consumption by 3.5% over the whole work range with an increase in the respiratory exchange ratio of 0.056 units. Carbon dioxide production and exercise ventilation were unchanged. The two drugs had similar effects. Possible mechanisms for these observations are discussed. 3 Perceived exertion during exercise was increased by both the beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs and this may be of relevance to the symptom of fatigue reported by patients on these drugs. Endurance, assessed as either total work done or maximal work achieved, was reduced by 15%. PMID- 39586 TI - Dermatitis as a side-effect of long-term topical treatment with certain beta blocking agents. AB - Three groups of glaucoma patients, treated topically with various beta-blocking agents, were studied for mucocutaneous side-effects of long-term therapy. In five of eleven patients with ocular and/or periocular dermatitis as an adverse reaction to long-term treatment with metoprolol eye drops a dermatitis, reproducible by patch tests with pure metoprolol 3%, was demonstrable. Histopathological examination of positive patch tests examined in three cases showed a picture compatible with a delayed type of hypersensitivity. Four atenolol treated patients showed adverse reactions, but negative patch tests to atenolol were found. In addition new data are reported in favour of cross reactivity between certain beta-blocking agents. PMID- 39587 TI - Proceedings of the 214th Meeting of the Netherlands, Society of Dermatologists, Utrecht, 28 October 1979. PMID- 39588 TI - Pyoderma gangrenosum [proceedings]. PMID- 39589 TI - Kinetics of carboxymethylation of histidine hydantoin. AB - The reaction of the imidazole group of histidine hydantoin with bromoacetate was studied as a model for carboxymethylation of histidine residues in proteins. pK values of 6.4 and 9.1 (25 degrees C) and apparent heats of ionization of 7.8 and 8.7 kcal/mol were determined for the imidazole and hydantoin rings, respectively. At pH values corresponding to the isoelectric points for histidine hydantoin, the rates of carboxymethylation at 12, 25, 37, and 50 degrees C were determined; the modified hydantoins were hydrolyzed to the corresponding histidine derivatives for quantitative amino acid analysis. At pH 7.72 and 25 degrees C, the imidazole tele-N was alkylated (k = 3.9 X 10(-5) M-1 s-1) twice as fast as the pros-N. The monocarboxymethyl derivatives were carboxymethylated at the same rate at the pros N (k = 2.1 X 10(-5) M-1 s-1) but 3 times faster at the tele-N (k = 11 X 10(-5) M 1 s-1). The enthalpies of activation determined for carboxymethylation of the imidazole ring and its monocarboxymethyl derivatives were similar (15.9 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol). delta S for the four carboxymethylations was -25 +/- 2 eu. The electrostatic component of delta S (delta S es) was calculated from the influence of the dielectric constant on the reaction rate at 25 degrees C. delta S es was slightly negative (-4 +/- 1 eu) for mono- or dicarboxymethylations, indicating some charge separation in the transition state. The nonelectrostatic entropy of activation was -21 +/- 2 eu for all four carboxymethylations. PMID- 39590 TI - Effect of acid pH on the absorption spectra and photoreactions of bacteriorhodopsin. AB - Purple membranes (PM) from Halobacterium halobium were incorporated into 7.5% polyacrylamide gels to prevent aggregation which occurs in suspensions at low pH. At pH 7.0, the circular dichroism (CD) spectra and visible absorption spectra of light- and dark-adapted bacteriorhodopsin (bR558, respectively) and the flash photolysis cycle of bR568 in gels were essentially the same as those in PM suspensions. Titration of the gels with hydrochloric acid showed the transition to a form absorbing at 605 nm (bR605 acid) with pK = 2.9 and to a second form absorbing at 565 nm (bR565 acid) with pK = 0.5. Isosbestic points were seen for each transition in both light- and dark-adapted gels. In addition, a third isosbestic point was evident between pH 3.5 and 7. Visible CD spectra of bR568, bR605 acid, and bR565 acid all showed the bilobed pattern typical of bR568 in suspensions of PM. Flash kinetic spectrophotometry (with 40-microseconds time resolution) of bR605 acid and bR565 acid showed transient absorbance changes with at least one transiently blue-shifted form for each and an early red-shifted intermediate for bR565 acid. Chromophore extraction from membrane suspensions yielded all-trans-retinal for bR565 acid and a mixture of 13-cis and trans isomers for bR605 acid. PMID- 39591 TI - (Diisopropylphosphoryl)serine proteinases. Proton and phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance-pH titration studies. PMID- 39592 TI - Functional interactions of lipids and proteins in rat intestinal microvillus membranes. AB - Interactions of lipids and proteins in isolated rat intestinal microvillus membranes were examined by studying the temperature dependence of enzyme activities and of D-glucose transport in relation to the membrane lipid thermotropic transition observed by fluorescence polarization (26 +/- 2 degrees C) and differential scanning calorimetry (23--39 degrees C). Two groups of activities were defined. Enzymes of the first group, comprising lactase, maltase, sucrase, leucine aminopeptidase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, all yielded a single slope on the Arrhenius plot in the range 10--40 degrees C and did not appear to experience functionally the effects of the lipid thermotropic transition. Each activity of the second group, comprising calcium- and magnesium dependent adenosine triphosphatases, p-nitrophenylphosphatase, and D-glucose transport, showed a change in the slope of the Arrhenius plot in the range 25--30 degrees C, corresponding to the lower region of the lipid transition. The terms "extrinsic" and "intrinsic" activities could be applied to these groups. Delipidation of the particulate p-nitrophenylphosphatase removed the discontinuity in the Arrhenius plot. Subsequent relipidation with a variety of lipids restored a break point, but the temperature corresponded to the original discontinuity (25--29 degrees C) rather than to the phase transition temperature of the exogenous lipid added. PMID- 39593 TI - Formation of unilamellar lipid vesicles of controllable dimensions by detergent dialysis. AB - Vesicles are formed by solubilizing mixtures of phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol with sodium cholate and removing the detergent by rapid (hollow fiber) dialysis [e.g., Goldin, S. M. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 5630--5642]. Characterization of the vesicle size distribution by agarose gel filtration, and determination of the intravesicular aqueous compartment, demonstrates that the vesicles are relatively homogeneous in size and are primarily unilamellar. The mean diameter of the vesicles can be varied from 340 to 1280 A by varying the conditions under which they are formed; increasing the mole fraction of cholesterol and lowering the pH of the dialysate tend to produce larger vesicles. The gentle detergent treatment required for vesicle formation and the ability to control vesicle size distribution reproducibly may make this method particularly useful in studies of reconstitution of membrane proteins and in use of vesicles as vehicles for delivery of materials to living cells. PMID- 39594 TI - Protein mobility and self-association by deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Hen egg white lysozyme has been prepared in which the C epsilon position of the single histidine residue is substituted by a deuterium atom as a nondisturbing stable isotope probe. The deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance (2H NMR) spectrum in H2O shows a broad resonance (500--1000 Hz) due to the histidine deuteron and a sharp signal from residual HOD. The line width of the deuterium signal increases with pH, reflecting the self-association of lysozyme which is known to involve this histidine [shindo, H., Cohen, J.S., & Rupley, J. A. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 3879]. Correlation times calculated from spin-spin relaxation times (T2) derived from the 2H widths indicate that His-15 is restricted in motion and that lysozyme is predominantly dimerized at pH 7.5. Controls carried out with [epsilon 2H]imidazole showed a small pH dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1), which parallels the 2H chemical shift change upon ionization of the imidazole. Similar results cannot generally be observed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) because of paramagnetic relaxation due to trace metal ion impurities. The pH dependence of the 2H T1 values indicates a change in the 2H quadrupole coupling constant upon protonation of the imidazole ring. PMID- 39595 TI - Resolution and reconstitution of Rhodospirillum rubrum pyridine dinucleotide transhydrogenase: chemical modification with N-ethylmaleimide and 2,4 pentanedione. PMID- 39596 TI - A study of the surface-active properties of the Mg2+-activated ATPase from cytoplasmic membranes of Streptococcus faecalis. AB - The surface activity and enzymic properties of the factor F1, the catalytic moiety of Streptococcus faecalis H+-ATPase, has been studied at the air-water and phospholipid-water interfaces. F1 does not interact with the monolayer phospholipids, hence its adsorption on a biological membrane must be due mainly to its recognition of proteins of the hydrophobic complex. The dimensions of the F1 molecule at the air-water interface have been estimated. In the presence of Mg2+, base area is S = 1.8 . 10(4) A2, height h = 27 A. Bearing in mind the size of a globular subunit, it follows from the measurements that the major F1 subunits should all lie in the same plane. The ATPase activity of F1 at the interface is inversely proportional to the monolayer density. With low density monolayer, the specific ATPase activity is higher at the interface than in the bulk of the solution. Adsorption of F1 at the interface shifts the isoelectric point of tiscussed relative to the proton-active transport mechanism. PMID- 39597 TI - Equilibrium and kinetic measurements of the redox potentials of cytochromes c2 in vitro and in vivo. AB - The equilibrium oxidation-reduction mipoint potential (Em) of isolated Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides cytochrome c2 exhibits a pH-dependent behavior which can be ascribed to a pK on the oxidized form at pH 8.0 (Pettigrew et al. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 430, 197-208). However, as with mammalian cytochrome c (Brandt, K.G. Parks, P.C., Czerlinski, G.H. and Hess, G.P. (1966) J. Biol. Chem. 241, 4180-4185) this pK can more properly be attributed to the combination of a pK beyond pH 11, and a slow conformational change of the ferricytochrome. This has been demonstrated by resolving the Em of cytochrome c2 before and after the conformational change. The Em of the unaltered form is essentially pH independent between pH 7 and 11.5, and the lower equilibrium Em is due solely to the conformational change. In vivo the conformational change is prevented by the binding of the cytochrome c2 to the photochemical reaction center, and the cytochrome exhibits an essentially pH-independent Em from pH 5 to 11. The alkaline transition thus has little physiological significance, and it is unlikely that the redox reactions of cytochrome c2 in vivo involve protons. PMID- 39598 TI - On the stoichiometry and thermodynamics of proton-pumping cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria. AB - Different approaches have been used to evaluate the stoichiometry of proton translocation linked to cytochrome c oxidase in rat liver mitochondria. A mathematical model was designed that successfully describes the kinetics of redox linked proton translocation provided that the rate of electron transfer is not too high. With ascorbate as reductant, an essentially pH-independent (in the pH range 6--8.5) proton ejection stoichiometry (H+/e-) is obtained from either initial rates of H+ ejection (0.86 +/- 0.12), or the model (0.87 +/- 0.14). Similar results are obtained with either ferrocyanide, N.N.N',N'-tetramethyl-p phenylenediamine or externally added cytochrome c mediating between ascorbate and cytochrome c in rotenone- and antimycin-inhibited mitochondria. Oxygen pulse experiments with ferrocytochrome c as substrate show fully uncoupler-sensitive redox-linked proton ejection with a stoichiometry of 0.78 +/- 0.14. With murexide to measure Ca2+ uptake during oxidation of ferrocyanide, we found a stoichiometry of two positive charges taken up/electron transferred, confirming earlier findings. These results provide strong evidence that cytochrome c oxidase functions as a redox-linked proton pump with a stoichiometry of one H+ ejected and two charges translocated/electron transferred. The thermodynamic consequences of the proton pump are discussed and a maximal P/O ratio of 1 1/3 for 'site 3' is predicted in agreement with state 4 redox potentials and phosphate potential. PMID- 39599 TI - Accumulation of pyruvate by isolated rat liver mitochondria. AB - 1. Various methods to measure the rate of accumulation of [3-14C]pyruvate in the sucrose-impermeable space of isolated rat liver mitochondria are tested and compared with respect to their ability to distinguish between carrier-linked pyruvate transport and non-carrier-linked processes (adsorption and diffusion). 2. Evidence is presented that the cinnamic acid derivatives commonly used as specific inhibitors of the pyruvate carrier (i) do not completely abolish all carrier-mediated pyruvate transport; (ii) inhibit pyruvate adsorption, and (iii) at higher concentrations lead to a removal of previously accumulated pyruvate from the mitochondria. It is concluded that procedures which avoid the use of transport inhibitors allow more reliable estimates of carrier-linked pyruvate transport. 3. It is proposed to measure pyruvate adsorption as the accumulation of pyruvate in the presence of an uncoupler. Using this procedure, it could be shown that, with 1 mM pyruvate, adsorption represents only a small part of the total pyruvate accumulation, the main part being carrier-linked transport driven by the pH gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane. PMID- 39600 TI - Influence of pH on phosphatidic acid multilayers. A rippled structure at high pH values. AB - The influence of pH on the structure of 1,2-(ditetradecyl)-phosphatidic acid was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. At pH 13.5--14 (2.6 M K+), where phosphatidic acid has two negative charges, calorimetric scans show a small transition (pretransition) below the main phase transition temperature. Freeze-fracture studies of the same dispersions reveal regular band patterns (so-called ripples) in the plane of the bilayers, when the lipid is quenched from below the main phase transition temperature. This rippled structure is similar to the well-known rippled structure of phosphatidylcholines. PMID- 39601 TI - The effect of intracellular pH on the rate of hexose uptake in Chlorella. AB - The rate of hexose uptake by Chlorella is reduced by uncouplers such as carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone or dinitrophenol even before concentration equilibrium is reached. The addition of uncouplers changes the membrane potential and the intracellular pH. The membrane potential does not influence the initial velocity of net sugar uptake, whereas manipulation of the cell pH by means of dimethyloxazolidinedione or by butyric acid uncovered a dramatic influence of cell pH on the rate of hexose uptake: at pH values of 7.5- 6.8 maximal rate of uptake is observed but at more acid pH a strong inhibition takes place with virtually total blockage of uptake at pH 6.1. The decrease of cell pH to 6.1 in the presence of carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone could therefore account for the decrease in hexose transport rate. It was shown that the intracellular pH as such determines the rate of uptake and not the pH difference between inside and outside; the transport rate did not correlate with delta pH. PMID- 39602 TI - Induction of a chloride conductance in gastric vesicles by limited trypsin or chymotrypsin digestion or ageing. AB - Transport activity of the hog gastric (H+ + K+)-ATPase system was measured either as the formation of proton gradient using the dye probe acridine orange or as the formation of a proton diffusion potential using the cyanine dye 3,3' diethyloxdicarbocyanine iodide in the presence of the protonophore tetrachlorosalicylanilide. The development of these gradients has been compared in K+ media in the presence of either Cl- or SO4-2 as the anionic species. This comparison of proton diffusion potential formation to proton gradient formation has been used to demonstrate that a Cl- conductance in this vesicular system results from limited enzymic digestion with either trypsin or alpha-chymotrypsin from the ageing process itself. The possible significance of this finding is discussed. PMID- 39603 TI - Purification and comparison of several catalytic parameters of the gamma glutamyltranspeptidase of rat mammary adenocarcinoma (13762) and of normal rat mammary gland. AB - A method for the purification of a membrane-bound glycoprotein, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase ((gamma-glutamyl)-peptide:amino-acid gamma glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.2), from a transplantable rat mammary tumor (13762 MT) is described. The properties of the tumor enzyme were compared with those of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase similarly isolated from mammary tissue of nonpregnant multiparous rats. Evidence has been presented elsewhere that the mammary and tumor enzymes exist as groups of species differing in isoelectric point and that the tumor enzyme contains more of the those species with lower isoelectric points. In this study the normal and tumor enzyme preparations are found to be identical or very similar in regards to the effect of papain on molecular size, the ratios of the enzymatic activities as measured with various amino acids, the Km for gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide, and the Ki for inhibition by glutathione. Neuraminidase treatment had no effect on these catalytic properties. The properties observed were generally similar to those previously reported for highly purified rat kidney preparations. PMID- 39604 TI - An essential carboxylic acid group in human prostate acid phosphatase. AB - Treatment of homogenous human prostatic acid phosphatase (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase (acid optimum), EC 3.1.3.2) with low concentrations of Woodward's reagent K (N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate) leads to a rapid loss of enzymic activity. The rate of inactivation of the enzyme is reduced in the presence of the competitive inhibitors phosphate and L-(+)-tartrate, but not in the presence of non-inhibitory D-tartrate. Measurement of the ethylamine produced upon hydrolysis of enzyme modified in the presence of D- and of L tartrate permitted the quantitative estimation of the number of carboxylic acid residues at the active site. The data indicate that two carboxyl groups per (dimeric) enzyme molecule are essential for catalytic activity. It is proposed that one function of the active site carboxyl group may be to protonate the leaving alcohol or phenol portion of the phosphomonoester substrate during the formation of the covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate. PMID- 39605 TI - The solubilisation of the membrane-bound D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase of Bacillus coagulans NCIB 9365. AB - Protoplast membranes and the particulate D,D-carboxypeptidase of Bacillus coagulans NCIB 9365 were extremely resistant to disruption by either detergents or urea. A combination of urea and the non-ionic detergent Genapol X-100 was required to achieve a significant solubilisation of membrane protein and D,D carboxypeptidase in an active form; the pH optimum for this treatment was pH 7.5. Solubilisation of the enzyme was accompanied by a two-fold enhancement of activity. Kinetic results indicated that the enhancement may be due to an alteration in the conformation of the enzyme following disruption of membrane structure. PMID- 39606 TI - The purification of glutamine synthetase from Azotobacter and other procaryotes by blue sepharose chromatography. AB - We report the facile purification of glutamine synthetase (L-glutamate: ammonia ligase (adenosine 5'-diphosphate-forming), EC 6.3.1.2) in both the adenylylated and unadenylylated form, from Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837. A general affinity column, which used as an affinity ligand Reactive blue 2 dye (Cibacron blue) covalently linked to Agarose, was employed as an efficient first step of purification. Further purification to electrophoretic homogeneity employed DEAE cellulose chromatography and an additional Affigel chromatographic step. The method was used successfully to prepare glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and Anabaena sp. strain CA. PMID- 39607 TI - Antigen-antibody interactions and the anomalous kinetics of arylsulfatase A. AB - Antibodies against homogeneous rabbit liver arylsulfatase A (aryl-sulfatase sulfohydrolase, EC 3.1.6.1) were produced in a goat and the effects of these antibodies on the kinetic parameters of the enzyme have been studied. The results indicate that the binding of antibody to the enzyme does not alter the enzyme active site, since Km and -ki values are unaffected. However, a small reduction in the enzyme activity was observed as the result of a reduction of V in the enzyme-antibody complex. The binding of antibodies led to a change in the pH-rate profile, giving one broad pH optimum shifted toward higher pH value. The enzyme antibody complex still showed the characteristic arylsulfatase A anomalous kinetics at pH 5.5, but the inactivation was significantly slower than for the native enzyme. As calculated from quantitative immuno-precipitation data, the native enzyme bound 5--7 molecules of IgG. The number of IgG molecules which bound to the turnover-modified enzyme was reduced to 3--4. The loss of antigenic determinants from the turnover-modified enzyme indicates that significant conformational changes occur during the turnover-induced modification, or that a covalent modification of residues present at the antigenic sites has occurred, or both. PMID- 39608 TI - The substrate specificity of pyrrolidone carboxylyl peptidase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. PMID- 39609 TI - Collagenase activity in cultures of rat prostate carcinoma. AB - A specific collagenase (EC 3.4.24.3) has been found and purified from serum-free culture medium of 11095 epidermoid carcinoma of rat prostate. The molecular weight of this collagenase was estimated at 71 000 and the pH optimum was approx. 7. At 26 degrees C, the collagenase cleaved collagen at a site 3/4 the length from the N-terminus. At 37 degrees C, this collagenase degraded collagen to smaller peptides. The enzyme activity was inhibited by serum, cysteine and EDTA, but not by protease inhibitors. The presence of collagenase in rat tumor tissue suggests that this enzyme might play a significant role in tissue invasion by cancer cells. PMID- 39610 TI - AMP deaminase from baker's yeast. Purification and some regulatory properties. AB - AMP deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6) was found in extract of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity using phosphocellulose adsorption chromatography and affinity elution by ATP. The enzyme shows cooperative binding of AMP (Hill coefficient, nH, 1.7) with an s0.5 value of 2.6 mM in the absence or presence of alkali metals. ATP acts as a positive effector, lowering nH to 1.0 and s0.5 to 0.02 mM. P1 inhibits the enzyme in an allosteric manner: s0.5 and nH values increase with increase in Pi concentration. In the physiological range of adenylate energy charge in yeast cells (0.5 to 0.9), the AMP deaminase activity increases sharply with decreasing energy charge, and the decrease in the size of adenylate pool causes a marked decrease in the rate of the deaminase reaction. AMP deaminase may act as a part of the system that protects against wide excursions of energy charge and adenylate pool size in yeast cells. These suggestions, based on the properties of the enzyme observed in vitro, are consistent with the results of experiments on baker's yeast in vivo reported by other workers. PMID- 39611 TI - Immobilization of Escherichia coli cells containing aspartase activity with kappa carrageenan. Enzymic properties and application for L-aspartic acid production. AB - Whole cells of Escherichia coli having high aspartase (L-asparate ammonialyase, EC 4.3.1.1) activity were immobilized by entrapping into a kappa-carrageenan gel. The obtained immobilized cells were treated with glutaraldehyde or with glutaraldehyde and hexamethylenediamine. The enzymic properties of three immobilized cell preparations were investigated, and compared with those of the soluble aspartate. The optimum pH of the aspartase reaction was 9.0 for the three immobilized cell preparations and 9.5 for the soluble enzyme. The optimum temperature for three immobilized cell preparations was 5--10 degrees C higher than that for the soluble enzyme. The apparent Km values of immobilized cell preparations were about five times higher than that of the soluble enzyme. The heat stability of intact cells was increased by immobilization. The operational stability of the immobilized cell columns was higher at pH 8.5 than at optimum pH of the aspartase reaction. From the column effluents, L-aspartic acid was obtained in a good yield. PMID- 39612 TI - Chemical modification of the epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues in horseradish peroxidase and its effect on the catalytic properties and thermostability of the enzyme. AB - Chemical modification of horseradish peroxidase (donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7) (isoenzyme C) by anhydrides of mono- and dicarboxylic acids and picryl sulfonic acid has been performed. The effect of the modification on the catalytic activity, absorption and circular dichroism spectra of peroxidase has been studied. Rate constants of irreversible thermoinactivation (kin) for the native and modified peroxidase at 56--80 degrees C have been measured. The effective values of the thermodynamic activation parameters of thermoinactivation, delta H not equal to and delta S not equal to, have been also determined. A relationship between the number of modified epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues and the nature of the modifier on the one hand, and the conformation and thermostability of the enzyme on the other, is discussed. It has been shown that it is the degree of modification, rather than the nature of the modifier, that produces the major effect on the macromolecular conformation and the thermostability of the enzyme after modification. The conclusion is drawn that the thermostability of the modified enzyme increases due to the decrease of the conformational mobility in the protein moiety around the heme. PMID- 39613 TI - Comparison of the membrane-bound and detergent-solubilised hydrogenase from paracoccus denitrificans. Isolation of the hydrogenase. AB - The hydrogenase from Paracoccus denitrificans is an integral membrane protein and has been solubilised by Triton X-100. The membrane-bound and detergent solubilised forms of the enzyme have been compared. Both forms of the enzyme show a pH optimum for reduction of benzyl viologen at pH 8.5--9.0 and are both inhibited by concentrations of NaCl greater than 30 mM. An Arrhenius plot of the activity of hydrogenase in the membrane shows no 'break'. The form of the Arrhenius plot and the activation energy are not significantly changed on solubilisation of the enzyme. The Km and V values for benzyl viologen, methyl viologen and H2 are unaltered when the enzyme is extracted from the membrane. Therefore, solubilisation of hydrogenase from the membrane by Triton X-400 is unlikely to disrupt the native conformation of the enzyme. The detergent solubilised hydrogenase has subsequently been purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation, sucrose density gradient centrifugation and chromatography on hydroxyapatite. The overall yield of activity is 23%, with a final purification of over 100-fold. PMID- 39614 TI - Solubilization and stabilization of human liver glycoprotein sialyltransferase. AB - Triton X-100 is increasingly effective in solubilizing human liver glycoprotein (asialofetuin) sialytransferase (CMP-N-acetylneuraminate:D-galactosyl glycoprotien N-acetylneuraminyltransferase, EC 2.4.99.1) activity as its concentration is increased in the homogenizing buffer. At the optimal concentration of 1.5% (v/v), essentially all of the homogenate sialyltransferase activity was solubilized into the supernatant fluid. Higher concentrations of Triton X-100 inhibited sialyltransferase activity. Several kinetic properties of the solubilized asialofetuin-sialyltransferase activity were compared to those of the membrane-bound enzyme(s) (in homogenates made without Triton X-100 or in resuspended pellets). No major difference was apparent, suggesting that solubilization has not significantly altered the properties of sialyltransferase. The solubilized sialyltransferase activity is quite unstable, losing approximately 50% of its activity after one week of storage at 4 degrees C. Various detergents (Zwittergent, sodium taurocholate and sodium deoxycholate) are differentially effective in stabilizing the solubilized activity. Sodium taurocholate (1.5%, w/v) was most effective with no loss in activity after 40 days and minimal loss (14%) after 60 days storage at 4 degrees C. The solubilized sialyltransferase preparation retains full activity after storage in the frozen state (-20 degrees C) for at least 159 days. PMID- 39615 TI - Metabolism of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol to 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha androstan-3-one and 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol in the rat. AB - Significant metabolism of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol to 17 beta hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one was recorded in several tissues and organs from rats and humans. This bioconversion was further investigated in rat testis homogenates. 5 alpha-Androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol was readily metabolized to 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one with NAD and/or NADP added as cofactors. When a NADPH generating system was included in the incubation, 5 alpha-androstane 3 beta,17 beta-diol was metabolized to 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol. Only small amounts of 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one accumulated under the latter condition. PMID- 39616 TI - Evidence for the presence of the stearyl-CoA desaturase system in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit slow muscle. AB - We have shown that the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum from rabbit slow muscle contains cytochrome b5 which can be reduced via a flavoprotein, with FAD as the prosthetic group. In the presence of NADH and oxygen, these sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes can convert stearyl-CoA to oleyl-CoA, similarly to liver endoplasmic reticulum membranes. However, the stearyl-CoA desaturase system is virtually lacking in fast muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. The data suggest that these differences between fast and slow twitch muscle may be related to the characteristic fatty acid composition of phospholipids and the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 39617 TI - Lipid composition of aminopterin-resistant and sensitive strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Effect of aminopterin inhibition. AB - The polar lipids of Streptococcus pneumoniae wild type and aminopterin-resistant strains were analysed. The membrane contained only two acid phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin, and a large amount of two glycolipids, glucosyldiglyceride and galactosylglucosyldiglyceride. The unsaturated acyl chains ranged from 58 to 87% of total fatty acids, depending on the strain and on growth conditions. No relation could be established between aminopterin resistance and polar lipid or fatty acid compositions. However, in the presence of bacteriostatic concentrations of aminopterin, the wild type and the resistant mutant did not have the same behavior. The resistant strain maintained its fatty acid composition and a normal [32P]phosphate distribution among phospholipids while the wild type shifted to a higher content in unsaturated fatty acids and to a high relative cardiolipin labelling. Such a differencein [32P] distribution was not observed when bacteriostatic concentrations of chloramphenicol were used, or when growth was stopped after amino acid deprivation induced by high concentrations of isoleucine. The biochemical basis of the aminopterin resistant character of the amiA mutants are not yet well understood but the present study establishes that the mutation confers a certain insensitivity of the lipid metabolism to aminopterin. PMID- 39618 TI - Purification and characterization of a long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase from rat liver microsomes. AB - A long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase from rat liver microsomes has been purified by solvent extraction and gel chromatography to homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The enzyme was a monomer of molecular weight 59 000. In a sucrose gradient it sedimented at 4.3 S. The isoelectric point, pI was 6.9, and the Stokes radius was approx. 31 A. The enzyme hydrolyzed long-chain fatty acyl-CoA (C7--C18) with maximum activity for palmitoyl-CoA. Bovine serum albumin activation of the enzyme was related to the ratio acyl-CoA/bovine serum albumin, and at high ratios, acyl-CoA inhibited the enzyme activity. Disregarding the substrate inhibition, an apparent Km of 65 nmol/mg protein or 1-10(-7) M and a V of 750 nmol/mg protein per min were calculated. The enzyme was inhibited by p hydroxymercuribenzoate and N-ethylmaleimide. Reactivation by means of dithiothreitol was not complete. PMID- 39619 TI - Isolation and properties of a particulate fraction for the desaturation of palmitic acid from Alcaligenes faecalis. AB - A particulate fraction obtained from Alcaligenes faecalis could desaturate palmitic acid to palmitoleic acid. NADPH, ATP, CoA, Fe2+ and Mg2+ were essential cofactors for the reaction. The desaturation showed an absolute requirement for O2. Metal ions like Mn2+, Mo6+ and Cu2+ did not affect the desaturation, while Zn2+ was inhibitory. Sulfhydryl agents such as cysteine, glutathione and beta mercaptoethanol had no effect, but SH-blocking agents like HgCl2 and p hydroxymercuribenzoate inhibited the reaction. Azide and cyanide strongly inhibited the reaction while CO had no effect. The presence of a b-type cytochrome in the enzyme preparation was confirmed by the spectral studies on the reaction of enzyme with NADPH. Involvement of b-type cytochrome in the desaturation reaction was demonstrated by the reoxidation of b-type cytochrome initially reduced with NADPH, by the addition of palmitic acid and other cofactors. The pH optimum for the enzyme activity was 7.4. The optimum temperature for enzyme activity was 25 degrees C and maximum activity was obtained at the end of 45 min. PMID- 39620 TI - Arsenite inhibits beta-oxidation in isolated rat liver mitochondria. AB - A partial inhibition of acylcarnitine oxidation by arsenite in rat liver mitochondria has been studied. This inhibition is confined to the thiolase(s). The inhibition was observed also in the presence of malate, indicating no selective effect on ketogenesis. Ketogenesis from acetyl-CoA was inhibited by arsenite. Mitochondrial CoA was acylated by acylcarnitine nearly as rapidly in the presence of arsenite as in its absence. Thus, arsenite did not interfere with the availibility of CoA in the mitochondria. No effect of arsenite on enzymes of beta-oxidation other than the thiolase(s) was observed. When arsenite and acylcarnitine were added simultaneously to mitochondria, there was a delay before maximal inhibition of oxygen uptake occurred. When the mitochondria were preincubated with arsenite before addition of acylcarnitine, the inhibitory effect on oxygen utilization was initially large, but then partially repealed. Similar time delays were observed in the activity of acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase of disrupted mitochondria depending on the sequence of arsenite and acetoacetyl-CoA addition. It is suggested that substrate and arsenite complete for the reactive sulfhydryl group at the active site of the thiolase(s). PMID- 39621 TI - Histidyl and tyrosyl residue ionization studies of subtilisin Novo. AB - The low field portion of the 360 MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of phenylmethanesulfonyl-subtilisin Novo (EC 3.4.21.14) has been studied as a function of pH. Analysis of the pH-induced chemical shift changes occurring between 6 to 7 ppm revealed five classes of ionizable residues with pK values (uncorrected) of 10.3, 10.7, 10.7, 10.8, and 11.0. With a single exception the titration curves can be fit by assuming a simple proton ionization equilibrium. Four classes of low intensity broad resonances, assigned to the histidyl residues, are observed between 8 and 9 ppm. Uncorrected pK values of 5.4, 5.7, 6.0, and 6.4 were determined for the residues comprising each of these classes. The spectral data are consistent with protonation of one or more histidyl residues upon acid induced denaturation of the protein. These results are compared with those of analogues studies performed by the use of other techniques. PMID- 39622 TI - Differential effects of pH and inositol hexaphosphate on the spectroscopic properties of the alpha and beta subunits in methemoglobins M Milwaukee and A. AB - The effect of pH and inositol hexaphosphate on the electron spin resonance spectra of the alpha-hemes (g = 6.0) and the beta-hemes (g = 6.7) has been measured in methemoglobin M Milwaukee and compared with that of methemoglobin A (g = 6.0). The beta-hemes are found to be comparatively insensitive to both effectors while the alpha-hemes behave in a manner similar to the heme groups of methemoglobin A. Binding of inositol hexaphosphate enhances the high spin ESR signal of the alpha-hemes in both methemoglobins. Comparison of the optical properties of methemoglobins A and M Milwaukee over the pH range from 5.0 to 8.1 shows that inositol hexaphosphate has a differential effect on the subunit types in these two methemoglobins. At low pH the spectral changes observed upon inositol hexaphosphate binding arise primarily from the beta-hemes, while at neutral and alkaline pH these changes arise from both subunit types. The beta heme spectral changes appear to be pH independent while those arising from the alpha-hemes are strongly pH dependent. It is concluded that it is the hydroxymet form of the alpha-hemes which undergoes spectral change upon inositol hexaphosphate binding to the beta-subunits. In methemoglobin A the spin state and paramagnetic susceptibility increase only in the neutral and alkaline pH ranges upon inositol hexaphosphate binding (Gupta, R.K. and Mildvan, R.S. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 246; Perutz, M.F., Sanders, J.K.M., Chenery, D.H., Noble, R.W., Penelly, R.R., Fung, L.W.-M., Ho, C., Giannini, I., Porschke, D. and Winkler, H. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 3640). Therefore the hydroxymet form of the alpha-hemes which is responsible for the observed spectral changes must also be responsible for these increases in the magnetic properties of methemoglobin A. Inositol hexaphosphate can bind to methemoglobin at alkaline pH if the beta-hemes are in the high spin form. PMID- 39623 TI - Astroglial and axonal proteins in isolated brain filaments. I. Isolation of the glial fibrillary acidic protein and of an immunologically active cyanogen bromide peptide from brain filament preparations of bovine white matter. AB - The glial fibrillary acidic protein and an immunologically active cyanogen bromide peptide were purified by immunoaffinity chromatography from 8 M urea extracts of brain filament preparations isolated from bovine white matter according to Norton's procedure. The protein accounted for approximately 30% of the total protein in this preparation and for the largest fraction in the 50 000 molecular weight range. The fraction not absorbed to the immuno-Sepharose column reacted with neurofilament antisera by double immunodiffusion. On sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis the main bands in the non-adsorbed fraction were at 74 000 daltons and above 100 000. Several bands were seen in the 50 000 molecular weight range. It is concluded that glio- and neurofilaments co-purify together in Norton's procedure and that neurofilaments are probably heterogeneous in polypeptide composition. PMID- 39624 TI - Purification and characterisation of alpha-L-fucosidase from human placenta. pH dependent changes in molecular size. AB - alpha-L-Fucosidase has been purified 12 000 fold from human placenta. The enzyme is a glycoprotein containing, by weight: 0.9% galactose; 1.9% mannose, 1.9% N acetylglucosamine and 1.9% N-acetylneuraminic acid. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate separated proteins with molecular weights ot 55 000, 51 400 and 25 000. Resolution of the two larger protein bands varied with the gel system and these proteins may differ only in carbohydrate content. Gel filtration of te purified enzyme failed to separate the three proteins. Treatments with the cross-linking reagent dimethyl suberimidate prior to electrophoresis, resulted in a diminution of the original protein bands and the formation of oligomers with molecular weights of 80 000, 100 000, 130 000, and 144 000. These results suggest that the heavy (55 000 and 51 400) and light (25 000) proteins are structurally associated. The molecular weight of the native enzyme, measured by gel filtration, was dependent on the pH of the eluting buffer. At pH 5.0 or 6.0 a catalytically active peak was observed, with a molecular weight of 305 000. At pH 7.5 this peak was completely absent and the enzyme eluted as an asymmetrical peak with an apparent molecular weight of about 60 000. The reduction in apparent molecular weight at pH 7.5 was reversible by dialysis of isolated fractions at pH 6.0. In agreement with these findings the sedimentation coefficient was 8.5 S at pH 5.0 but only 3.6 S at pH 7.5. The results can be accounted for by the existence of a pH-dependent equilibrium between aggregated and dissociated forms of the enzyme or by pH-depedent conformational changes. PMID- 39625 TI - Optical activity of octopus metarhodopsins. AB - The optical activity of octopus rhodopsin, acid metarhodopsin and alkaline metarhodopsin was studied by a sensitive and rapid CD apparatus. For sometime it has been thought that cephalopod metarhodopsins do not have any optical activity associated with their main absorption band. However, the present work shows that acid metarhodopsin in digitonin has a positive CD band at 498 nm and a negative CD band at 436 nm and alkaline metarhodopsin has a negative CD band at 381 nm. Detergent affected the wavelength of the CD peak of the visual pigments though the pattern of the spectrum was similar. From these results it is concluded that the conformation of all-trans retinal in octopus metarhodopsin is influenced by the asymmetric conformation of the protein near the retinal and therefore inducing optical activity. PMID- 39626 TI - Synthesis of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate by guanylate cyclase, a new pathway for its formation. AB - The 105 000 X g gupernatant fractions from homogenates of various rat tissues catalyzed the formation of both cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP from GTP and ATP, respectively. Generally cyclic AMP formation with crude or purified preparations of soluble guanylate cyclase was only observed when enzyme activity was increased with sodium azide, sodium nitroprusside, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, sodium nitrite, nitric oxide gas, hydroxyl radical and sodium arachidonate. Sodium fluoride did not alter the formation of either cyclic nucleotide. After chromatography of supernatant preparations on Sephadex G-200 columns or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the formation of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP was catalyzed by similar fractions. These studies indicate that the properties of guanylate cyclase are altered with activation. Since the synthesis of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP reported in this study appears to be catalyzed by the same protein, one of the properties of activated guanylate cyclase is its ability to catalyze the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP. The properties of this newly described pathway for cyclic AMP formation are quite different from those previously described for adenylate cyclase preparations. The physiological significance of this pathway for cyclic AMP formation is not known. However, these studies suggest that the effects of some agents and processes to increase cyclic AMP accumulation in tissue could result from the activation of either adenylate cyclase or guanylate cyclase. PMID- 39627 TI - Environmental pH modulation of collagenase in normal human fibroblast cultures. AB - Normal human skin fibroblast cultures have been used to assess the effects of relatively minor changes in environmental pH on collagenase, a major extracellular gene product. Collagenase accumulation in the culture medium, measured both as enzyme activity and immunoreactive material, was 2- to 10-fold greater at pH 7.6--8.2 than at pH 6.8--7.2. The pH-associated increase in collagenase was paralleled by an increase in general protein synthesis. Nevertheless, prototypic lysosomal and cytoplasmic enzymes changed very little under identical culturing conditions. Although substantial intracellular protein degradation occurred at all pH values, the small differences either in general protein degradation or in specific collagenase degradation in the medium were of insufficient magnitude to account for the increased accumulation of collagenase. PMID- 39628 TI - Determination of the cross-points of rat liver peroxisomes, peroxisomal core and the core components by cross-partition. AB - The cross-points of rat liver peroxisomes, peroxisomal core and the core components were determined by means of cross-partition in two phase systems. The partitions were carried out in the systems containing 6% (w/w) Dextran T 500 and 6% (w/w) polyethyleneglycol 4000 in sodium salts. The same cross-point, pH 5.6, was obtained in peroxisomal marker enzymes in light mitochondrial fraction of liver homogenate, such as catalase, D-amino acid oxidase and urate oxidase. The cross-point as determined by cross-partition of purified peroxisomal core was 6.7. The cross-points of urate oxidase and framework protein fractions obtained by alkali treatment on the purified core were 7.8 and 4.2, respectively, and the ratio of the proteins of urate oxidase to framework protein was 2 : 1. The theoretical value of cross-point of the core calculated from from the relationship between the cross-point and protein ratio of each component of the core coincided with the experimental value obtained by this method. PMID- 39629 TI - The reaction of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazones with thiols. AB - Carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone and its ring-substituted analogs react with thiols (thioglycolic acid, 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol) and aminothiols (cysteine, glutathione) to give corresponding N-(substituted phenyl)-N' (alkylthiodicyano)-methylhydrazine derivatives. These addition products decompose to the original components in alkaline solution. On the other hand, in the presence of an excess of thiols in aqueous buffered systems the addition reactions are practically quantitative with respect to phenylhydrazones, follow pseudo-first-order kinetics and can be investigated spectrophotometrically. These reactions are of the bimolecular AdN type where the non-dissociated form of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazones function as an electrophilic component, while the RS- ion plays the role of nucleophilic component in the case of thiols (the attack of the azomethine group). The reactivitiy of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazones with respect to thiols increases in the order carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone less than carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhyrazone less than carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone which corresponds to the order of decreasing values of the pKa constants. On the other hand, the reactivity of thiols increases with their basicity. The reactivity of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone with thiols is comparable with the reactivity of phenyl isothiocyanate and N-ethylmaleimide. It was demonstrated that carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone is an efficient inhibitor of rabbit muscle glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12). The results obtained are discussed in relation to the biological activity of carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazones. PMID- 39630 TI - The relationship between pH and the amount of calcium bound to glycerinated muscle fibers. AB - Variation of pH over the range 6.2--7.4 had no effect on the Ca2+ titration curve of glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers. Thus the effect of H+ on muscle contraction is not due to a simple H+-Ca2+ competition for binding sites. PMID- 39631 TI - Spectroscopic characterization of the Stentor photoreceptor. AB - 1. On the basis of chromatographic and spectroscopic (absorption, fluorescence and its polarization, fluorescence lifetime, circular dichroism) characterization of the Stentor photoreceptor (stentorin) for photophobic response, the photoreceptor chromophore released from mild acid hydrolysis has been identified as hypericin. 2. The native chromophore is apparently linked to a protein (65 K) containing Lys and several hydrophobic residues, which is soluble in acetone and n-pentane. The peptide-linked stentorin (I) chromophore exhibits circular dichroism in the visible region due to the induced optical activity provided by the peptide. 3. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of a 38% fraction of the sucrose density centrifugation has resolved stentorin II proteins having molecular weights of 13 000, 16 000, 65 000 and 130 000. These proteins, as well as the acetone-soluble peptide, have been spectroscopically characterized with particular emphasis on their primary photoreactivity as the photophobic receptor of Stentor coeruleus. 4. Irradiation of whole living Stentor in dilute buffer solutions induces a decrease in the pH of the medium. A strong dependence upon pH in the fluorescence spectra of both synthetic and native chromophores is also evident, showing a significant drop in the pKa of one or more hydroxyl groups in the excited state. A mechanism for the photophobic response, based on this lowering of the pKa as the primary photoprocess, has been discussed. PMID- 39632 TI - Effects on induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in fetal mouse liver in vitro of prednisolone, insulin and thyroxine. AB - The hormonal requirements for formation of tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5) in fetal mouse liver were investigated in organ culture using chemically defined medium. The hormones tested were insulin, thyroxine and prednisolone. Prednisolone alone resulted in a two-fold increase in tyrosine amino-transferase activity in explanted liver in hormone-free medium on day 6, and its effect was dose dependent, but neither insulin nor thyroxine alone induced the enzyme. Addition of prednisolone plus thyroxine and prednisolone plus insulin increased the enzyme activity 1.4- and 1.3-fold, respectively, over that of explants with prednisolone alone. These three hormones together had the greatest effect, causing induction of 1.5-fold more activity than that with prednisolone plus insulin or plus thyroxine. The three hormones were not all needed continuously during the culture period: prednisolone and insulin were required during the early part of cultivation and thyroxine during the later part. The effects of these hormones were blocked by actinomycin D or puromycin, suggesting that these hormones increase de novo synthesis of tyrosine aminotransferase. Phase-contrast microscopy showed that prednisolone stimulated liver epithelial cell outgrowth, probably acting with insulin. PMID- 39633 TI - [Photochemical reaction of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a with low concentrations of hydroquinone]. AB - It has been shown that when illuminating chlorophyll a solution (approximately 10(-5) M) in ethanol containing small concentrations of hydroquinone at pH higher than 7, a markable negative photopotential (-PhP) is initiated. Similar picture is also observed both in the presence of 2 . 10(-5) M parabenzoquinone and when using pheophytin a instead of chlorophyll. The data obtained are in favour of the idea that when illuminating the solutions of these pigments in ethanol containing pure p-benzoquinone at pH higher than the definite value, PhP initiation is conditioned by photochemical reaction of pigments with equilibrium amounts of hydroquinones or semiquinone always present in quinone solutions. PMID- 39634 TI - [Comparison of conformational possibilities of polypeptides representing the terminal segments of different histones]. AB - Regular polypeptides--models of the N-terminal fragments of histones H2A and H4 and the C-terminal half of histone H1 were synthesized. Conformations of these polypeptides were investigated by using the methods of circular dichroism and optical rotatory dispersion. It was shown that all polypeptides studied in aqueous solutions at neutral pH and at low temperature (+2 degrees C) had the conformation of left-handed helix (LHH) or poly-L-proline type. The neutralization of positive charges of side groups at alkaline pH of screening of charged groups at a high ionic strength (up to 1 M NaF) results in increase of the degree of defectness of this conformation. There occur no transition of LHH to such an ordered conformation as alpha-helix or beta-sheet structure or complete disappearance of LHH. The influence of temperature, 80% ethanol and 1% sodium dodecylsulphate on the structure of these polypeptides was also studied. Differences in conformational potencies of two studied groups of polypeptides which are the models of the terminal fragments of various histones were discovered and associated with different biological functions of these histones in chromatin. PMID- 39635 TI - [Allosteric regulation in the open futile cycle fructose-6-P--fructose-1,6-P2]. AB - The effect of fructosebisphosphatase inhibition and phosphofructokinase activation by fructose-1,6-bisphosphate on a parasite recirculation of substrates in the futile (energy-dissipating) cycle fructose-6-P in equilibrium fructose-1,6 P2 has been studied. Both the inhibition and activation have been shown to produce self-oscillations in the cycle under flow-through conditions. The common recirculation with both regulatory mechanisms present is about half as high as with only one of them. The analysis fulfilled resulted in a conclusion of the importance of the concerted action of substrate inhibition and product activation both in the cycle fructose-6-P in equilibrium fructose-1,6-P2 and in the cycles glutamine in equilibrium glutamate and acetyl-CoA in equilibrium fatty acids playing an important part in the amino acid and lipid metabolism regulation. PMID- 39636 TI - [Effect of the pH of the medium and tetraphenylborate on the surface potential and charge of synthetic membranes]. PMID- 39637 TI - [Effect of cell metabolism on the rate of medium addition during pH stabilized cultivation]. AB - The rate of base or acid addition to the culture broth for maintenance of the present pH-value is a quantity reflecting the metabolic activity of the cell population. This quantity is proportional to the biomass growth rate with the proportionality coefficient depending on the cell consumption of ionized substrates from the environment, cell biomass, electric charge, and content of ionized metabolic products in the medium. The equation for this relationship has been found and the effect of the above, factors on the titration rate has been calculated. This rate may be used to obtain rapidly the quantitative information on the growth of the cell population. PMID- 39638 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Biofeedback Society of America. PMID- 39639 TI - [Partial purification and study of certain properties of a tissue-specific uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation from rat liver mitochondria]. PMID- 39640 TI - Antiparkinsonics, neuroleptics, and tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 39641 TI - Is there a limbic system equivalent of tardive dyskinesia? AB - Long-term administration of antipsychotic drugs to animals induces super sensitive mesolimbic postsynaptic dopamine receptors. It is possible that a similar process can occur in man. Following a reduction in the dose of antipsychotic medications, or their complete discontinuation, mesolimbic dopamine receptor supersensitivity could be reflected in rapid relapse of schizophrenic patients, the development of schizophrenic symptoms in patients with no prior history of schizophrenia, or in the necessity for ever-increasing doses of long acting depot fluphenazine to maintain a remission. PMID- 39642 TI - Society for the Study of Reproduction. Twelfth annual meeting, August 21-24, 1979. Laval University, Quebec, Canada. Abstracts. PMID- 39643 TI - Effects of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone on cyclic nucleotide metabolism in myometrium of macaques. PMID- 39644 TI - Superinduction of tyrosine aminotransferase in RLC-cells. AB - Actinomycin D, administered to RLC cells which were pretreated with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone phosphate, causes superinduction of tyrosine aminotransferase. By the addition of actidione it could be proved that the superinduction takes place because of the decreased activity of the tyrosine aminotransferase-degrading enzymes. PMID- 39645 TI - The binding of Arg- and Lys-peptides to single stranded polyribonucleotides and its effect on the polymer conformation. AB - The interactions between basic oligopeptides (Lys2, Lys3, Arg2 and Arg3) and single stranded polynucleotides (poly(A), poly(C), poly(I) and poly(U) were investigated at low ion concentration by UV spectroscopy, circular dichroism and field jump relaxation. Various domains of binding were detected: 1) High concentrations (up to 1 mM) of some peptides induce opalescence followed by coacervation. Arg3 causes coacervation in all polynucleotides used, yet Lys3 only in poly(I). In the case of poly(I) the threshold concentration for coacervation is much lower for Arg3 (150 muM) than for Lys3 (500 muM). 2) Medium concentrations (greater than 10 muM) of Arg3 and Lys3 induce helix formation in poly(U). In the case of poly(I) cooperative helix formation is only induced by Lys3, but not by Arg3. 3) The onset of peptide association is observed at very low peptide concentrations (greater than or equal to 1muM) already by using the field jump method. The association is reflected by a relaxation process, that can be described by a single exponential within experimental accuracy. Measurements of relaxation time constants as a function of the peptide concentration provide information on the association constants K, the number of nucleotide residues per binding place n and the rate constants kR and kD. Using a simple model with independent and "separate" binding sites, K for Arg3 and Lys3 is found to be in the range of 10(6) to 10(7) M-1. In the case of Arg2 and Lys2 K is lower by a factor of about 10. For various polynucleotides KArg3 is only slightly higher than KLys3, except in the case of poly(I), where KArg3/KLys3 approximately 5. Similar data are obtained by application of a "sphere model" (see below). These results provide quantitative evidence for specific hydrogen bonding between the guanidino group of Arg and inosine. They also explain the absence of helix formation for poly(I) + Arg3: Arg blocks the hydrogen bonding sites of inosine. Thus cooperative coupling leads in this case to a considerable amplification of specificity in the peptide-polynucleotide interation. Both field jump and stopped flow data demonstrate a high mobility of the peptide ligands along the polymer, resulting in a redistribution being fast compared with the overall binding step. Based on this result the relaxation data are analysed by a "sphere" model, which considers a) excluded binding under the condition of fast ligand distribtuion along the lattice and b) the connection of sites into a polymer sphere. The rate constants obtained by this model are in the range of 4 X 10(11) M-1 s-1. These high values reflect the large reaction distance for polymers of chain lengths around 1000. A comparison with rate constants obtained previously for oligomer complexes indicates that the recombination rate is approximately a function of the square root of the nucleotide chain length, which is directly related to the mean radius of coiled polymers. PMID- 39646 TI - The effects of chemical modification on the refolding transition of alpha chymotrypsin. AB - The role of several active site residues of alpha-chymotrypsin in the prototypical refolding transition between active and inactive forms of this enzyme is examined using chemical modification. Oxidation of Met-192 to the sulfoxide results in a derivative which remains entirely in an active state from pH 6 to 9. The derivative becomes inactive only at high pH with pKa = 10.3, delta H0 = 9.5 kcal and delta S0 = -15 eu., indicating the sulfoxide group supplies about 2.1 kcal of active state stabilization relative to the unoxidized methionine side chain. The refolding transition of N-methyl-His-57-alpha chymotrypsin, in which a nitrogen of the "charge relay" histidine is methylated, displays one ionization process with an apparent pKa of 9.45. The absence of an additional ionization process with a pKa near 7 provides evidence that one of the ionizations in the six state mechanism which describes this transition in alpha chymotrypsin is linked to the charge relay system. We also demonstrate, using alpha-chymotrypsin, Met-192-sulfoxide-alpha-chymotrypsin and N-methyl-His-57 alpha-chymotrypsin, that the 230 nm circular dichroism band is a quantitative probe of the active-inactive equilibrium, although the chromophore or chromophores responsible for this and another very large negative band at 202 nm have not been identified. Circular dichroism was used to observe the active inactive equilibrium in methan sulfonyl-alpha-chymotrypsin and phenylmethane sulfonyl-alpha-chymotrypsin. The enhanced stability of the active state of these derivatives relative to alpha-chymotrypsin can be rationalized in terms of steric effects in the substrate side chain binding site. PMID- 39647 TI - Chromatographic evidence of the self-association of oxyhemoglobin in concentrated solutions: its biological implications. AB - Expressions that take into account the effects of thermodynamic non-ideality, described in terms of a high-order virial expansion, are derived for the concentration-dependence of the weight-average partition coefficient in exclusion chromatography of a single solute and of a solute undergoing reversible self association. Comparison of the concentration-dependences predicted by those expressions with results obtained for bovine and human oxyhemoglobins on CPG-10 120 porous glass beads in 0.156 I phosphate-chloride buffer, pH 7.3, shows that neither oxyhemoglobin conforms with the concept of it being a single alpha 2 beta 2 entity with Stokes radius of 3.13 nm, the experimental value. Previously published osmotic pressure and sedimentation equilibrium results are also shown to be inconsistent with this concept. On the other hand, both sets of exclusion chromatography results are consistent with the joint operation of thermodynamic non-ideality and reversible association of the alpha 2 beta 2 species. From the magnitude of the equilibrium constant, derived for either of two possible modes of association, it is calculated that only half of the oxyhemoglobin would be in the alpha 2 beta 2 states under conditions of oxygen saturation and a concentration of 320 g/liter, that pertaining in the red blood cell. The consequences of this association phenomenon are discussed in relation to the oxygen binding curves obtained by others in the presence and absence of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (DPG). An explanation is provided of the observed dependence on hemoglobin concentration of oxygen-binding in the presence of DPG, and of the absence of such an effect in DPG-free solutions. It is concluded that the control of oxygen binding to hemoglobin in the physiological situation involves the joint operation of self-association and allosteric effects. PMID- 39648 TI - Light-induced conductivity changes in purple membrane suspensions. AB - Small light-induced changes in the conductivity of light-adapted purple membrane suspended in strong electrolyte solutions were detected. The method used involved modulated light and a phase sensitive detector and it allowed us to detect accurately changes as small as 0.0001% in the conductivity of the suspension. The light-induced conductivity changes turned out to be composed of at least two different event: a small fast increase in conductivity (tau approximately 2 ms) followed by a slower and larger decrease in this parameter (tau = 70 ms-80 ms). The effects of pH and temperature on these changes were studied. Both events reached maximal values around neutral pH and approached zero at both high and low pH's. Heating the suspension decreased the photoconductivity change and Arrhenius plots of the data showed breaks around 31 degrees C. It is suggested that the conductivity changes reflect changes in the surface charge of the membrane and can be used to follow the kinetics of the conformational changes occurring in the system. PMID- 39649 TI - Continuous monitoring of arterial oxygen partial pressure. Contributions to a workshop, Basel, June 7, 1978. PMID- 39650 TI - Effect of freezer storage on alkyl phosphate metabolites in urine. PMID- 39651 TI - Taurine and glycine in the gills of the clam Protothaca staminea exposed to chlorinated seawater. PMID- 39652 TI - Behavioral responses of shiner perch to chlorinated primary sewage effluent. PMID- 39653 TI - Effect of acidosis on skeletal muscle performance during maximal exercise in man. PMID- 39654 TI - Effects of hypercapnia on the glycolytic metabolism, enzyme activity and myoglobin of stimulated skeletal muscle in the rat. PMID- 39655 TI - Proceedings of The British Institute of Radiology. Nuclear medicine in paediatrics. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 39656 TI - Proceedings of The British Institute of Radiology. NMR imaging. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 39657 TI - Proceedings of The British Institute of Radiology. New Methods of imaging in nuclear medicine. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 39658 TI - Disinfection with glutaraldehyde. PMID- 39659 TI - SITS-inhibitable Cl- transport and Na+-dependent H+ production in primary astroglial cultures. AB - The uptake and efflux of Cl- were measured in primary astroglial cultures from neonatal rat brain using 36Cl- as a tracer. Both uptake and efflux were found to be inhibited by the specific anion inhibitor SITS. The rate of Cl- efflux showed a broad optimum at pH values greater than 7.5, and both this pH dependence and the effect of SITS suggests that these cells contain a Cl- in equilibrium Cl- or Cl- in equilibrium HCO3- exchange carrier similar to that described in erythrocytes. In addition, the cells rapidly lost Cl- when placed in media of decreasing Cl- concentrations, and ploting the initial rate of uptake of 36Cl- as a function of external Cl- concen-ration gave an apparent Km for Cl- uptake of 56 mM. Pretreatment of these cultures with DBcAMP is known to cause the cells to form numerous processes, resulting in their morphology more closely resembling that of astroglia in brain. Treatment with DBcAMP resulted in decreased equilibrium levels of 36Cl- and a small decrease in the initial rate of uptake of 36Cl-, but did not affect inhibition by SITS. Addition of Na+ to the cells suspended in Na+-free media specifically increased the rate of acidification of the medium. These observations suggest that these cells have both Cl- in equilibrium HCO3- and Na+ in equilibrium H+ exchange processes which, if these cultures can be considered to be representative of cells in vivo, may also occur in astroglial cells in the central nervous system. Based on these results and other work, a model is proposed by which these processes would lead to the astroglial swelling which is often observed in vivo in pathological conditions. PMID- 39660 TI - An abnormal regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase restricted to one catecholamine nucleus in the brain stem of spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 39661 TI - Properties and distribution of anterior VIIIth nerve excitatory inputs to the goldfish Mauthner cell. PMID- 39662 TI - Induction and delayed activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in noradrenergic neurons of A1 and A2 groups of medulla oblongata of rat. PMID- 39663 TI - Immunization of adult rats against 2.5 S NGF: effects on the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. AB - The biochemical and morphological changes effected by immunization of adult rats with 2.5 S mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) were studied in sympathetic ganglia and in representative target organs. This immunization procedure maintains high levels of circulating anti NGF-antibody for periods of months. Morphological analysis revealed a general reduction in the size of the adrenergic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) which was also reflected at the biochemical level by a 30% decrease in total protein content and a 50--60% reduction in the total activities of all norepinephrine-synthesizing enzymes. However, there was no change in total choline acetyltransferase activity. The biochemical and morphological changes observed in the SCG seem to be confined to the neuronal cell body, since at any stage of immunization target organs (the submandibular and the pineal gland) remained unaffected. All sympathetic ganglia investigated- except the superior mesenteric ganglion--responded in a similar way to the immunization against 2.5 S NGF. These changes in the adrenergic cell bodies were largely reversible. The recovery of normal enzyme activities followed closely the decrease of the antibody titer after cessation of immunization boosting. This indicates that cell death is not caused by anti NGF-antibodies in ganglia of adult animals. Thus, in contrast to adrenergic neurons from newborn animals, which depend on NGF or a crossreacting NGF-like material for survival, differentiated adrenergic neurons need this factor for the maintenance of their normal function but not for survival. PMID- 39664 TI - Cerebellar morphology: alterations during graft versus host disease. PMID- 39665 TI - MIF-I and postsynaptic receptor sites for dopamine. AB - In an attempt to determine the mechanism by which the tripeptide l-prolyl-l leucyl-glycine amide (PLG, MIF-I) exerts its antiparkinsonian effect, the action of this substance on various postsynaptic components of striatal dopaminergic nerves was studied. It was shown that injection of rats with MIF-I (1 mg/kg, IPX5, 24 hr intervals) did not alter tyrosine hydroxylase, dopa decarboxylase, choline acetyltransferase and glutamic acid decarboxylase activities in the striatum under the conditions tested. The activities of adenylate cyclase, dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase, and guanylate cyclase were not altered in vitro by various concentrations of MIF-I (0.1 to 1000 micrometer), although VIP and neurotensin had some effect. Also the rate of uptake of 3H-dopamine by rat striatal synaptosomes was unchanged, as was the binding of 3H-dopamine and 3H spiperone to beef caudate membranes. This series of studies indicates that MIF-I does not act directly on the striatal dopamine postsynaptic receptor under the conditions tested, although it is possible that MIF-I could act indirectly at this or another site in vivo by releasing or activating some other factor. PMID- 39666 TI - International Symposium on GABA and Other Inhibitory Neurotransmitters November 6 10, 1979 Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Abstracts. PMID- 39667 TI - [Arylsulfatase A and sphingomyelinase activities in the normal sciatic nerve of the rat, and in proximal and distal fragments]. AB - We measured the protein, arylsulfatase A and sphingomyelinase activities in the total normal rat sciatic nerve and in the proximal and distal stumps. The protein level of the whole sciatic nerve (about 8 % of fresh weight) is similar to the levels of the stumps. Arylsulfatase A activity, in the total sciatic nerve as well as in the stumps is more important by gram of fresh weight than the sphingomyelinase activity. Both enzymes activities, by gram of fresh weight, are more important in the proximal stumps than in the distal ones. PMID- 39668 TI - Biochemical properties and kinetic parameters of dihydroxyphenylalanine--5 hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase in brain, liver, and adrenals of cat. AB - Biochemical properties and kinetic parameters of nonpurified dihydroxyphenylalanine-5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase extracted from brain and two peripheral organs, liver and adrenals, were studied in the cat. This study shows that decarboxylase activity in brain is lower than in peripheral organs and that 5-hydroxytryptophan can be decarboxylated without exogenous addition of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP). However, the addition of PLP substantially increases the enzyme activity. Excess of coenzyme (greater than 60 muM) induces inhibition in adrenals and liver but not in the central nervous system (CNS). The observed inhibition might be related to the presence of a tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative formed in the medium. Differentiation between mechanisms of action of decarboxylase in the CNS and peripheral organs is suggested. PMID- 39669 TI - The effects of low temperature acclimation of winter rye on catalytic properties of its ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. AB - A comparison was made of the kinetics of the carboxylation reaction of bicarbonate-magnesium-activated ribulose biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase purified from cold-hardened and unhardened winter rye (Secale cereale L. cv. Puma). The activity of the (NH4)2SO4-precipitated enzyme from hardened plants was stable at -20 degrees C for a month, whereas the form from unhardened plants was reversibly cold inactivated. The KmCO2 of the unhardened form increased more rapidly with decreasing pH below 8.2, but the estimated pKa of chemical groups associated with the active site was not affected by the cold hardening. The temperature dependencies of the KmCO2 of the two forms of the enzyme crossed at 10 degrees C with the effect that the catalysis of carboxylation by ribulose biphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase from Puma rye was most efficient in the temperature range to which the plants had been adapted. PMID- 39670 TI - Phosphoester specificity of purified human liver alkaline phosphatase. AB - Kinetic parameters for the hydrolysis of a number of physiologically important phosphoesters by purified human liver alkaline phosphatase have been determined. The enzyme was studied at pH values of 7.0 to 10.0. The affinity of the enzyme for the compounds was determined by competition experiments and by their direct employment as substrates. Phosphodiesters and phosphonates were not hydrolysed but the latter were inhibitors. Calcium and magnesium ions inhibited the hydrolysis of ATP and PP1 and evidence is presented to show that the metal complexes of these substrates are not hydrolysed by alkaline phosphatase. A calcium-stimulated ATPase activity could not be demonstrated for the purified enzyme or the enzyme in the presence of a calcium-dependent regulator protein. Nevertheless, the influence of magnesium and calcium ions on the ATPase activity of alkaline phosphatase means that precautions must be taken when assaying for Ca2+-ATPase in the presence of alkaline phosphatase. The low substrate Km values and the hydrolysis which occurs at pH 7.4 mean that the enzyme could have a significant phosphohydrolytic role. However, liver cell phosphate concentrations, if accessible to the enzyme, are sufficient to strongly inhibit this activity. PMID- 39671 TI - The stoichiometry and stability of the NADP complexes with manganese(II) ions as studied by electron paramagnetic resonance. AB - Magnetic resonance techniques have been applied to study the stability of the complexes formed between Mn(II) ions and NADP in aqueous solutions at a pH of 7.5 and 20 degrees C. The electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) data indicate that at low Mn(II) ion concentrations ([Mn(II)] less than 1 mM; [NADP] approximately 5 mM), a 1:1 complex is formed with an apparent stability constant K1 = 370 +/- 50 M-1 at an ionic strength of 0.22 in the presence of 0.20 M Cl-. At high Mn(II) ion concentrations, a Mn(II)2-NADP species, with an apparent stability constant K2 = 54 +/- 17 M-1, is present in significant amounts. When the epr data are corrected for the presence of the MnCl+ ion, the analysis of the new Scatchard plot yields stability constants for the two sites of K1 = 640 +/- 90 M-1 and K2 = 88 +/- 13 M-1, respectively. The presence of two metal ion binding sites on the NADP molecule has not been observed previously, and previous workers have always analyzed their data in terms of the 1:1 Mn(II)-NADP complex. An epr temperature study of K1 yields a value of delta H equal to 1.3 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol (1 cal = 4.187 J). PMID- 39672 TI - The effects of temperature, local anaesthetics, pH, divalent cations, and group specific reagents on repriming and repolarization-induced contractures in frog skeletal muscle. AB - Contractures appear during repolarization of frog toe muscles in media containing perchlorate in place of chloride. These contractures were suppressed or delayed by certain procedures which retard the repriming of K contractures, i.e., by sufficient reduction in temperature or by alkaline pH in solutions lacking divalent cations. They also were greatly reduced without interference with repriming after treatment with a reagent which selectively modifies free amino groups. In the presence of appropriate concentrations of procaine, repriming was markedly impaired with only a small reduction in the amplitude of repolarization induced contractures. Small contractures were produced during repolarization in chloride solutions in the presence of 10 mM procaine at pH 8.0. None of these procedures affected the changes produced by perchlorate solutions in the potential dependence and the time course of K contractures. The results support the view that activation and inactivation of contraction following depolarization are separate potential dependent processes. Tension appears to develop during repolarization when the reversal of inactivation occurs before the reversal of activation is completed, both steps being necessary to recover the reprimed resting state. PMID- 39673 TI - Hyperthermia in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 39674 TI - The purification and properties of dextransucrase from Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10558. AB - Dextransucrase has been purified from the culture fluids of S. sanguis 10558 by a combination of hydroxylapatite, ion-exchange, and gel-filtration steps. Two active proteins were isolated with specific activities approaching one order of magnitude higher than other preparations reported. The enzymes have mol. wt. on the order of 100 000 and exhibit pH optima between 5,8 and 6.2. In addition, detailed analysis of one of the enzymes indicates that the enzyme undergoes two ionizations that are important for activity. One pK is at 4.4 and the second at 7.4. The structures of dextrans produced by the two enzymes have been examined by p.m.r. spectroscopy, and a substantial degree of similarity was observed, with only minor differences in the proportion of alpha-(1 leads to 3) and alpha-(1 leads to 6) bonds. No evidence could be obtained that either of the enzymes was capable of catalyzing a rearrangement of alpha-(1 leads to 6) to alpha-(1 leads to 3) bonds. PMID- 39675 TI - On the phosphate linkages and the structure of a disaccharide unit of the type specific polysaccharide of Pneumococcus type XIX. AB - The structure of the capsular polysaccharide (S-XIX) of Pneumococcus Type XIX, which contains residues of D-glucose, L-rhamnose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose, and phosphate, has been investigated by acid hydrolysis, treatment with acid phosphatase, mass spectrometry, and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy. Phosphoric esters in S-XIX were largely resistant to hydrolysis (4M HCl, 100 degrees, 3 h). With M or 2M HCl at 100 degrees for 3 h, 4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-beta-D-mannopyranosyl)-D glucose 4'-phosphate was liberated. More-drastic hydrolysis of S-XIX gave 2-amino 2-deoxy-D-mannose 3-, 4-, and 6-phosphates, and 4-O-(2-amino-2-deoxy-D mannopyranosyl)-D-glucose and its 4'-phosphate. PMID- 39676 TI - Purification and physiocochemical properties of an extra-cellular cycloamylose (cyclodextrin) glucanotransferase from Bacillus macerans. AB - An extracellular cycloamylose (cyclodextrin) glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) from Bacillus macerans was purified to homogeneity by adsorption on starch, ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 67,000 and consisted of one polypeptide chain. The isoelectric point was pH 5.4. Temperature and pH optima were 60 degrees and 5.4--5.8, respectively. The purified enzyme was quite stable at 50 degrees (pH 6.0), but lost approximately 80% of its activity at 60 degrees for 30 min (pH 6.0). Prolonged digestion by trypsin did not affect the catalytic properties of the enzyme. The Km for starch was 5.7 mg/ml. PMID- 39677 TI - Effect of immobilization on stability and properties of N-acetyl-beta-D hexosaminidase from Turbo cornutus. AB - A mixture of glycosidases from the liver of the gastropod Turbo cornutus was co immobilized with bovine serum albumin and glutaraldehyde, and then cast as membranes. The properties of immobilized N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase were studied. The recovery of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase after immobilization was unaffected by increasing the concentration of glutaraldehyde, but was decreased by increasing the bovine serum albumin concentration. The immobilized enzyme showed enhanced resistance towards proteolytic and thermal inactivation. While the pH optimum for the soluble enzyme was 4.0, a bimodal pH curve with optima at 3.4 and 5.0 was observed after insolubilization. This bimodality was abolished when the immobilized enzyme was assayed in the presence of M NaCl. The Km values, for p-nitrophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside, of the immobilized isoenzymes of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase were larger than those of their soluble counterparts. No loss of activity could be detected in the membrane after using it for 24 consecutive assays or after storage for at least 50 days at 4 degrees. PMID- 39678 TI - In vitro activation and behavior of the ameboid sperm of Ascaris suum (Nematoda). AB - A system is described for the study of activation and motility of Ascaris spermatozoa in vitro. Activation was accomplished by addition of the sperm activating substances (SAS), extracted from the male accessory gland, to cells incubated in phosphate-buffered saline (pH 7.4) at 37-39 degrees C under anaerobic conditions (95% N2, 5% CO2). Activation is characterized by a change from spherical to ameboid shape with coalescence of the refringent granules. The normal ameboid spermatozoa bear several stubby and needle-like filopodia at the lamellipodial margin. Within the lamellipodium are bundles of microfilament-like structures extending toward the pseudopodial membrane and concentrating within the needle-like filopodia. These filopodia exhibit a pendulous, sweeping motion with subsequent retraction and disappearence within the main lamellipodium. Membranes of the ameboid cells interact at the pseudopodial regions with partial fusion, as suggested by apparent membrane breakdown between interdigitating portions of the pseudopodia. Activation is complete in 5-15 min, is totally inhibited at 4 degrees C and/or by an atmospheric environment, but can be reinitiated by transfer to anaerobic conditions at 22-39 degrees C. Activation also requires favorable pH (6.8-8.7) and continual exposure to sufficiently high sodium concentrations (134-154 mM), i.e., lowering of sodium concentration to 10 mM causes irreversible inactivation. Sodium may be replaced by potassium or lithium but not by Tris or sucrose. Proteinases (10 microgram/ml) can act as activators even though SAS lack detectable proteolytic activity against azoalbumin, azocasein, TAME and BTEE and SAS activation was not inhibited by TLCK or soybean trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 39679 TI - A biphasic graft vs host response in aging chickens. PMID- 39680 TI - Diminution by vesicular stomatitis virus of acute graft vs host mortality in mice. PMID- 39681 TI - [Irregular positions of the female genitalia. A selection of reports presented at the nationwide conference of the Slovak Gynecologic and Obstetric Society in Kosice on 18, 19 September 1978]. PMID- 39682 TI - [Calcifying bacteria and carbonic anhydrase]. AB - Carbonic anhydrase activity was measured on bacteria known for their calcifying power. The results obtained allow us to conclude that carbonic anhydrase is not present in their enzymatic equipment. Nevertheless, the addition of carbonic anhydrase in culture media increases the growth of the cultures and their calcifying power. This result is due to the direct action of the enzyme on the pH of the culture medium. The results obtained could be applied to the mechanism of dental plaque calcification. PMID- 39683 TI - alpha-Adrenoceptor attenuation of the coronary vascular response to severe exercise in the conscious dog. PMID- 39684 TI - Cardiotonic activity of amrinone--Win 40680 [5-amino-3,4'-bipyridine-6(1H)-one]. AB - The cardiotonic activity of a new, noncatechol, nonglycoside agent, amrinone, was investigated in vitro and in anesthestized and unanesthetized dogs. Amrinone (3 100 microgram/ml) caused a dose-dependent increase in papillary muscle developed tension and df/dt without significant changes in duration of the contractile cycle or time-to-peak tension. Amrinone induced slight increases in right atrial rate with no changes in electrophysiological properties of the cat papillary muscle or dog Purkinje fibers. In anesthetized dogs, intravenous bolus injections of amrinone at doses ranging from 1 to 10 mg/kg caused increases in cardiac contractile force and left ventricular dp/dt max with relatively small changes in heart rate and blood pressure. No significant changes in lead II ECG were observed. In unanesthetized dogs, intravenous infusion of amrinone (10-100 microgram/kg per min) caused increases in left ventricular dp/dt max and only small changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Amrinone, tested orally in this model at doses of 2-10 mg/kg, produced a positive inotropic effect with a rapid onset and long duration of action. The inotropic response to amrinone was not blocked by propranolol, dibenzyline, chlorisondamine, atropine, metiamide, or reserpine. Amrinone's inotropic response was not associated with significant alterations in cardiac norepinephrine, phosphodiesterase, cyclic AMP, or Na+, K+ activated ATPase. PMID- 39685 TI - Pulmonary edema fluid. Spectrum of features in 37 patients. PMID- 39686 TI - Lack of value of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. AB - Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT, EC. 2.3.2.2. was measured in 173 patients with diseases of the hepatobiliary system (including metastatic cancer) and in 90 patients who were subsequently shown to have primary diseases of other etiology. All patients had been selected because they had abnormal alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase or bilirubin on SMA 12/60 screening. Serum GGT was elevated in 97% of patients with primary hepatobiliary disease. The magnitude of the increase in GGT was variable in all groups and was unhelpful in differential diagnosis, even between medical and surgical cases. Moreover, GGT was abnormal in 69 patients who did not have primary hepatobiliary disease (77%), an incidence higher than that for other enzyme tests performed. We conclude that because GGT was more susceptible than other tests to spurious elevation in the absence of hepatobiliary disease and was unhelpful in differential diagnosis, it has little value apart from monitoring alcohol abuse and enzyme induction. PMID- 39687 TI - Primary amniotic fluid cell, skin fibroblast and liver alpha-L-fucosidase and its relation to cystic fibrosis. AB - Cultured skin fibroblast and primary amniotic fluid cell alpha-L-fucosidase had a double optimum of pH 5.0 and 6.0. Alpha-L-fucosidase was largely bound as a single peak to DEAE-cellulose at pH 6.6. Sucrose density isoelectric focusing revealed up to seven components with pI values of 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.8, 6.1, 6.5 and 7.1 with their apparent KM values (77--500 mumol/l) being higher than that (57 mumol/l) of the unfocused enzyme. Liver, skin fibroblast and amniotic fluid cell alpha-L-fucosidase was separated into two peaks by gel filtration. Peak one was more active and stable at low pH and more thermostable at 50 degrees C than peak two, while both peaks had an apparent KM of 52 mumol/l. Apart from the different proportions of the peaks separated by gel filtration, the results for the three tissues were similar. The properties of alpha-L-fucosidase studied were similar for control and cystic fibrosis liver or skin fibroblasts. PMID- 39688 TI - Mechanism of inhibition of red blood cell glutathione reductase activity by BCNU (1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea). AB - A study of the mechanism of inhibition of glutathione reductase activity by BCNU (1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea) demonstrated that the enzyme was protected from inhibition by mercaptoethanol. N-Ethylmaleimide competes with BCNU and also protects the enzyme from inhibition. The inhibited enzyme showed decreased affinity for NADPH. Our data suggest that the inhibition of glutathione reductase is due to an alteration of the redox state. Several other red cell enzymes were inhibited by high concentrations of BCNU; these enzymes were also protected by mercaptoethanol. Among alkylating agents tested, only BCNU inhibited glutathione reductase at therapeutic levels. PMID- 39689 TI - The effect of sucrose and other carbohydrates on human alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activity. PMID- 39690 TI - Electrophoretic patterns of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity eluted from liver tissue. AB - Up to three zones of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity were present in 89 samples of human serum after agarose-gel electrophoresis at pH 8.6. Their mobilities relative to albumin were zero, 0.3--0.5, and 0.7--0.9. Incubation of human liver tissue in serum increased the activity of the zones with zero and 0.7 -0.9 mobilities, and transiently, of the zone of intermediate mobility. More prolonged incubation caused the intermediate zone to decline, and produced new zones of mobility greater than that of albumin which were not seen in native sera. The mobility of partially-purified liver gamma-glutamyltransferase incubated in serum or protein-free solutions was 0.7--0.8. The intermediate zone was not produced when liver tissue was incubated in protein-free solutions, nor with the purified enzyme in serum or protein-free solutions. The possible relevance of these observations to the electrophoretic patterns of gamma glutamyltransferase in pathological sera is discussed. PMID- 39691 TI - Assessment of erythrocyte delta-aminolaevulinate dehydratase for outpatient detection of alcoholic liver disease: comparison with gamma-glutamyltransferase and casual blood ethanol. AB - An enzyme temporarily depressed by alcohol ingestion, erythrocyte delta aminolaevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALAD), was compared with afternoon casual blood ethanol and plasma gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) simultaneously measured in outpatients. These comprised 37 individuals with chronic alcoholism, of whom 14 had severe liver disease, 22 patients with non-alcoholic liver disease and 24 healthy control subjects. All tests distinguished poorly between those alcoholics with, and those without histological liver damage. The highest specificity for alcoholism was achieved by gamma-ALAD; the best overall performance, with highest sensitivity and specificity was, however, gamma-GT. Although there was no correlation between the results of tests in individuals, 32/37 (87%) of alcoholics had at least one of the three tests abnormal compared with 8% of controls and 64% of non-alcoholic liver disease patients. The tests are therefore complementary and may form a battery of tests for problem drinking and its physical consequences. PMID- 39692 TI - Plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in heroin addicts. AB - Plasma gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was measured in 25 heroin addicts. The purpose was to find out if the long term administration of heroin would lead to a stimulation of GGTP due to the detoxication of this drug in the endoplasmatic reticulum of the liver. In 10 patients the elevation of GGTP could be attributed to liver damage, since other liver enzymes were also increased. 15 patients had normal GGTP activities, in 4 of them accompanied by minor elevations of single other hepatic enzymes. In 11 patients the GGTP activity as weel as that of the other enzymes was normal despite heavy chronic herioin abuse. It is therefore improbable that GGTP can be used to diagnose abuse of this drug and to evaluate the progress of drug detoxication treatments and drug abstention as has been proposed in chronic alcoholism. PMID- 39693 TI - Suitability of commercial control sera for the quality control of activity determination of alkaline phosphatase. AB - The suitability of thirteen commercially available control sera for measuring alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1; orthophosphoric acid monoester phosphohydrolase, ALP) activity in human serum was tested. Apart from differences in ALP activity observed in some reconstituted commercial sera, the behaviour of control materials towards experimental variables such as the nature and concentration of the substrate, pH and type of buffer (or PO4-acceptor) together with the composition of the isoenzymes present in human serum highlights the problems and difficulties if commercial materials are to be used as control sera. The half-saturation constants in control sera were in all cases smaller than those of ALP isoenzymes from bone and liver. The shape of substrate activity curves and the pH optimum in most of control sera differed from that of human serum. The discrepant kinetic data of control materials and human serum may mask or suggest changes relevant to commercial quality control serum but not to samples of human serum. PMID- 39694 TI - The relative merits of polyethyleneglycol as a separating agent in the radioimmunoassay of thyroid hormones. AB - Polyethyleneglycol (PEG) has been recommended as a separating agent in the assay of some peptide hormones (Desbuquois, B. and Aurbach, G.D. (1971) J. Clin. Endocrinol. 33, 732) and several substances of low molecular weight (Ratcliffe, J.G. (1974) Br. Med. Bull. 30, 32). In the present study the PEG-separation technique has been modified and adapted for the assay of thyroid hormones. Separation with PEG has the advantage of being cheap, rapid and relatively non susceptible to disturbances as compared with the charcoal and double-antibody solid phase techniques. The influence of different buffer systems, varying pH and ionic strength, on the precipitation process with PEG also has been investigated. Of the different systems tested barbital buffer containing 0.1% human serum albumin proved to be the best, preferably in the presence of bovine gamma globulin. In the radioimmunoassay of T3 variations in pH and ionic strength are of minor importance whereas in the radioimmunoassay of T4 the adherence to a certain pH is recommended. Barbital buffer containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin was inadequate in the T3 radioimmunoassay, while Tris and phosphate buffers did not give satisfying results for either radioimmunoassay. PMID- 39695 TI - Peripheral cardiovascular effects in rats after central administration of histamine and antihistamines. AB - 1. Vascularly isolated but nervously intact rat right hind limbs were perfused with blood at a constant flow rate and changes in perfusion pressure (proportional to vascular resistance), heart rate and blood pressure were monitored. 2. Histamine administered into the right lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) through guide cannulae, induced dose-dependent increases in perfusion pressure, heart rate and blood pressure. 3. Prior i.c.v. or i.v. administration of metiamide (an H2-antagonist) did not prevent the cardiovascular responses to i.c.v. histamine but rather prolonged them. Following i.c.v. or i.v. administration of chlorpheniramine (an H1-antagonist), however, changes in vascular resistance, heart rate and blood pressure were not significant. 4. Metiamide administration appeared to have some agonist activity on its own. Thus the role of H2-receptors in cardiovascular responses to centrally administered histamine remains unclear. 5. The work shows that in rats increases in nervous dishcarge to at least the hind limb vascular bed occur following central administration of histamine and conforms that increases occur in heart rate and blood pressure. These responses appear likely to be mediated through stimulation of central H1-receptors. PMID- 39696 TI - Comparison of the beta-adrenoceptor effects of soterenol and its 3-hydroxy, 4 sulphonamido isomer (MJ6987-1) in isolated tissues from the guninea-pig. AB - 1. Soterenol and its 3-hydroxy, 4-methanesulphonamido isomer (MJ6987-1) were compared with isoprenaline for beta-adrenoceptor mediated effects in guinea-pig atrial, tracheal, uterine and ileal preparations. In addition, MJ6987-1 was tested for its effects in the atria of cats, rabbits and rats. 2. Soterenol had a lower intrinsic activity and was approximately two to six times less active than isoprenaline in all preparations. 3. MJ6987-1 was a full agonist, being some 30- 200 times less active than isoprenaline at beta 1-receptor sites and greater than 3000 times less active in preparations where beta 2-receptor activation was involved. 4. Change in the position of the ring substituents in soterenol leads to the production of beta 1-receptor selective agonist. PMID- 39697 TI - Abstracts of annual scientific meeting of the Australian Society for Medical Research, 12, 13 and 14 December 1977 at Cowes, Victoria. PMID- 39698 TI - B- and T-lymphocyte subpopulations in polycythemia vera. A study of 100 patients. PMID- 39699 TI - T lymphocytes and plasma inhibitory factor in ACTH-dependent Cushing's patients. PMID- 39700 TI - Fetal monitoring: a guide to understanding the equipment. PMID- 39701 TI - Fetal respiration: a review of two techniques for observation. PMID- 39702 TI - Effect of age and Billroth gastrectomy on absorption of desmethyldiazepam from clorazepate. PMID- 39703 TI - Fever and arthritis. PMID- 39705 TI - 1st International Symposium on Peritoneal Dialysis. Chapala, Jalisco, Mexico, June 25-28, 1978. Today's art of peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 39704 TI - Variability of response to neuroleptics in schizophrenia: clinical, pharmacologic, and neuroendocrine correlates. PMID- 39706 TI - Biomedical issues and clinical effects of alcoholism. Introduction. PMID- 39707 TI - Enhanced serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity of mitochondrial origin in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 39708 TI - A sex difference in the serum vitamin B-12 levels of hospitalized alcoholics. AB - The relationship of elevated serum vitamin B-12 concentration to alcoholism in general hospital patients was studied both in a retrospective and in a prospective group of patients. Alcoholism was the most common disease correlate of vitamin B-12 elevations in females. Of the unselected female alcoholics, 61% had a serum vitamin B-12 concentration larger than or equal to 1000 ng/liter at the time of admission; only 17% of the nonalcoholics, whatever their other disease, exhibited such high values. The sensitivity of high B-12 levels for alcoholism in females paralleled that of high SGOT, GGT and MCV values. In contrast, males (approximately 70% of our alcoholics) far less often exhibited B 12 elevations even when SGOT, GGT and MCV were abnormally high. Elevation of serum B-12 concentration should always raise the suspicion of alcohol abuse, especially in females. PMID- 39709 TI - The validity of discontinuous pH-measurements on fetal blood and of cardiotocography in predicting neonatal Apgar score. PMID- 39710 TI - Abstracts of the Seventh Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery, North Western University, School of Medicine Chicago, Ill., September 16--19, 1979. PMID- 39711 TI - beta-Adrenoreceptors of the posterior hypothalamus. AB - Cats were anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. A push-pull cannula was inserted into the posterior hypothalamus which was superfused through the cannula and electrically stimulated with its tip. Electrical stimulation elicited a frequency-dependent pressor response and tachycardia. Superfusion with orciprenaline, isoprenaline (beta 1- and beta 2-stimulants) or tazolol (beta 1 stimulant) led to a concentration-dependent enhancement in the pressor response. Superfusion with terbutaline caused a slight and late increase in the pressor response, while salbutamol (beta 2-stimulants) was ineffective. The tachycardia elicited by the hypothalamic stimulation was slightly increased by the hypothalamic stimulation was slightly increased by orciprenaline, tazolol and terbutaline. Superfusion with atenolol (beta 1-adrenoreceptor blocking drug) or butoxamine (beta 2-adrenoreceptor blocking drug) inhibited the pressor response and the tachycardia caused by hypothalamic stimulation. Superfusion with butoxamine prior to isoprenaline reduced the enhancing effect of isoprenaline on the pressor response, while superfusion with atenolol abolished or even reversed it. It is concluded that beta 1 and beta 2-adrenoreceptors are present in the posterior hypothalamus; apparently, beta 1- rather than beta 2-adrenoreceptors are involved in the rise of blood pressure elicited by stimulation of the hypothalamus. PMID- 39712 TI - Interaction of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents: circulatory effects in the conscious rat. AB - The alpha-receptor blockers phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine produced similar circulatory effects, e.g. hypotension and tachycardia in the conscious rat. The hypotension was more pronounced than that seen after an acute cervical transection of the spinal cord or after hexamethonium treatment. The tachycardia was blocked by drugs with beta 1-receptor blocking capacity while the hypotensive response was blocked by drugs with beta 2-receptor blocking capacity. The pronounced hypotension and tachycardia was absent after spinal transection, hexamethonium pretreatment or adrenal demedullation. In adrenal demedullated rats substitution with adrenaline after alpha-receptor blockade produced tachycardia and hypotension of the same degree as seen in intact rats after alpha-receptor blockade. There was no correlation between the degree of beta-blocker induced decrease in heart frequency and increase in blood pressure after alpha-receptor blockade, while a significant correlation was found between the alpha-blocker induced decrease in blood pressure and the subsequent beta 2-blocker induced increase in blood pressure. In spinal rats, pretreated with phentolamine, adrenaline caused a depressor response. This depressor response was converted into a pressor response by administration of beta-blockers at doses which seemed to correlate well with the doses of beta-blockers needed to effectively block the alpha-blocker induced hypotension in intact animals. It is concluded that acute administration of phentolamine or phenoxybenzamine, by blocking alpha-receptors causes a reflex increase in adrenaline output, which subsequently further decreases the blood pressure and increases the heart frequency by stimulation of beta-receptors. PMID- 39713 TI - Prazosin and phentolamine: comparative cardiovascular and autonomic profiles. PMID- 39714 TI - Differentiation of drugs acting centrally upon the cardiovascular system by means of sympathetic and vagal responses. AB - The response pattern of the autonomic nervous system was investigated after central administration (intra-cisternal, vertebral artery) of amphetamine, morphine, fentanyl, dextromoramide and the substance R 28935, chemically related to the neuroleptic agent pimozide. Effects on the sympathetic system were measured by recording electrical discharges of fibres of the (preganglionic) major splanchnic nerve in anaesthetized cats; those on the vagal system by recording the heart rate in anaesthetized dogs under beta-adrenoceptor blockade; the baroreceptor reflex was elicited by the blood pressure increase of i.v. injected angiotensin. All substances decreased the spontaneous discharge rate of the splanchnic nerve. Amphetamine facilitated the vagally mediated reflex bradycardia and this was antagonized by the alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent piperoxan. Amphetamine did not affect the resting heart rate, as has already been shown for clonidine and related substances. The narcotic analgesics lowered the resting heart rate but did not facilitate the baroreceptor reflex response. R 28935 neither influenced resting heart rate nor the baroreceptor reflex response in beta-blocked dogs. On the basis of the vagal response pattern it was therefore possible to distinguish between 3 groups of central hypotensive drugs. PMID- 39715 TI - Impaired acid neutralization in the duodenum in pancreatic insufficiency. AB - The influence of severe exocrine pancreatic disease on the acid-neutralizing capacity of the duodenum was studied in five patients with pancreatic insufficiency (PI) and six control subjects using duodenal perfusion-marker technique. Hydrochloric acid (0.1 N containing 1% PEG) was infused at constant rates (1.2, 4.5 and 7.0 ml/min) into the duodenum just distal to the duodenal bulb. Samples were aspirated from the tip of the duodenal perfusion tube located at the ligament of Treitz. All samples were analyzed for volume, pH, titrable acidity, PEG and [14C]PEG (gastric marker) determination. Patients with PI demonstrated significantly diminished ability to neutralize various acid loads as compared to controls who virtually completely neutralized acid loads in the range of maximal gastric acid secretion. Exogenous secretin did not significantly improve percent acid neutralized in PI. These data clearly indicate that patients with PI have significantly impaired ability to neutralize even small loads of acid in the duodenum. PMID- 39716 TI - Effects of sulfasalazine on selected lymphocyte subpopulations in vivo and in vitro. AB - Sulfasalazine has proven to be an effective agent in the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Despite long and widespread usage, the mechanism of action of this drug is still not understood. Several investigators have suggested that the drug might act as an immunosuppressant. To examine this possibility, an in vivo study was undertaken to ascertain any quantitative change in the circulating T cells, Ig-bearing B cells, and complement receptor-bearing lymphocytes (CRL) of patients before and during therapy with sulfaslazine. Concomitant responses to skin test antigens were also evaluated. In vitro studies with control cells were performed to determine the influence of sulfasalazine and its components (sulfapyridine or 5-aminosalicylic acid) on the extent of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), as well as on the number of T cells and CRL. Results indicate that neither sulfasalazine nor either of its components quantitatively alters those subpopulations of circulating mononuclear cells studied in vivo or in vitro--nor are these compounds responsible for any functional inhibition of ADCC. PMID- 39717 TI - [Reverse oxygenation and biological properties of high molecular weight modified hemoglobin]. PMID- 39718 TI - [Physiologic regulation of oxygen transport in muscles (according to mathematical analysis of experimental findings)]. PMID- 39719 TI - In vitro metabolism of 1,2-dihaloethanes to ethylene. AB - 1,2-Dichloroethane (DCE), a solvent and byproduct of the manufacture of polymers, and 1,2-dibromoethane, a soil fumigant, are known to be metabolized by conjugation with glutathione (GSH) to yield mercapturic acid derivatives. An alternate route of metabolism of the GSH conjugate involves beta-elimination of halide ion to form an olefin. In the present study, ethylene production from DCE was measured by gas chromatography in rat tissues as an index of this latter route of metabolism. The rate of enzymic ethylene production was linear over a 1 hr incubation time and from 1 to 8 mg of protein per ml reaction volume. The temperature optimum for ethylene formation from DCE was 55 degrees C and no distinct pH optimum was observed. DCE metabolism was highly dependent on the presence of reduced GSH. Metabolic activity was limited to hepatic and renal cytosolic fractions. The reaction was inhibited only by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and by diethyl maleate and methyl iodide, which are substrates for GSH S transferases. (S-(-2-Chloroethyl)-DL-cysteine . HCl, an analog of the conjugate formed from DCE and GSH, was nonenzymically converted to ethylene. PMID- 39720 TI - Biotransformation of azapetine to oxazapetine in rat and rabbit liver fractions. AB - The biotransformation of azapetine (I) to a lactam metabolite, oxazapetine (II), has been investigated in rat and rabbit hepatic subcellular fractions. In the presence of NADPH, II was produced from I in incubation mixtures containing 9000 g supernatant fraction or combined microsomes and cytosol, but not in mixtures containing microsomes or cytosol alone. Production of II was also observed when dehydrozapetine (III) was incubated with rabbit 9000 g supernatant fraction or cytosol. In washed rabbit microsomes II was not produced from III, but I was converted to III in the presence of NADPH. These results suggested that the biotransformation is initiated by microsomal enzymatic oxidation of I to III, followed by further oxidation of III to II by a soluble enzyme. PMID- 39721 TI - The effect of unilateral pneumonectomy on in vitro drug metabolism by the contralateral lung of rabbits. AB - The effect of unilateral pneumonectomy on the drug-metabolizing capability of the remaining lung of male rabbits was studied 3, 10, and 28 days after surgery. During the period of compensatory lung growth which follows pneumonectomy, the contralateral lung had a reduced ability to metabolize some model drug substrates. The activities of 4-chloro-N-methylaniline demethylase, glutathione transferase, and 4-aminobenzoate N-acetyltransferase were significantly decreased in pneumonectomizd animals relative to shamoperated controls at 10 days. By 28 days most of these parameters of drug metabolism had returned to control levels. Lung hydroxyproline concentration, an index of collagen, did not differ in pneumonectomized and control animals at any of the time points. 3 Methylcholanthrene failed to induce the pulmonary mono-oxygenase system in pneumonectomized animals. The response of pulmonary drug-metabolizing enzymes to unilateral pneumonectomy in rabbits was temporally and qualitatively similar to the response in rat liver following partial hepatectomy. PMID- 39722 TI - Microbial transformations of natural antitumor agents. VIII. Formation of 8- and 9-hydroxyellipticines. AB - Microbial transformations of ellipticine with Aspergillus alliaceus (NRRL 315) yielded two phenolic metabolites which were isolated and characterized as 8- and 9-hydroxyellipticines. The latter is a major metabolite and its structure was determined by NMR and mass-spectometric analyses, and by comparison with authentic 9-hydroxyellipticine prepared by chemical demethylation of 9 methoxyellipticine. The structure of 8-hydroxyellipticine was determined primarily by NMR spectrometry. Whereas 8-hydroxyellipticine is a new derivative, 9-hydroxyellipticine has been described, and it is one of the major mammalian metabolites of the antitumor alkaloid ellipticine. PMID- 39723 TI - Acetylsalicylate hydrolase of rabbit gastric mucosa. Isolation and purification. AB - The mechanisn of hydrolysis of acetylsalicylate during absorption from the gastrointestinl tract has been investigated by identification, quantitation, and purification of a hydrolase from gastric mucosal homogenates. The hydrolase was found to be a soluble, cytosolic enzyme with a pH optimum in the slightly alkaline range, pH 8.6 Acetylsalicylate hydrolase activity was purified from the 100,000 g supernatant fraction by differential (NH4)2SO4 fractionation followed by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and Sephadex or Sephacryl gel filtration. The activity could also be fractionated on hydroxylapatite. The Sephadex-purified fraction containing peak enzyme activity gave a single protein band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the acetylsalicylate hydrolase was 66,400 based on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the Sephadex-purified enzyme and 59,000 based on gel filtration. By use of the technique described, acetylsalicylate hydrolase can be purified over 100-fold to a specific activity of 10.6 mumol . mg-1 . min-1. PMID- 39724 TI - The metabolism of 14C-methoxsalen by the dog. AB - Single doses of 14C-methoxsalen (5 mg/kg) were administered iv to three dogs. Almost as much administered radioactivity was excreted in the feces as in the urine, suggesting that biliary secretion of metabolites was an important route of excretion. 14C-Methoxsalen disappeared rapidly from plasma, although plasma levels of radioactivity persisted for 5 weeks after drug administration. Evidence was obtained which suggested that the persistent plasma radioactivity was due to a metabolite bound to plasma protein. Four urinary metabolites were isolated. Three of the metabolites resulted from opening of the furan ring; these are 7 hydroxy-8-methoxy-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-6-acetic acid (A), alpha,7-dihydroxy-8 methoxy-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-6-acetic acid (B), and an unknown conjugate of A at the 7-hydroxy position. The fourth metabolite, formed by opening of the pyrone ring, is an unknown conjugate of (Z)-3-(6-hydroxy-7-methoxybenzofuran-5-yl)-2 propenoic acid. PMID- 39725 TI - Identification of some human urinary metabolites of orally administered potassium canrenoate by stable isotope-labeling techniques. AB - A single oral dose (200 mg) of an equimolar mixture of potassium canrenoate and its 20,20,21,21-tetradeutero analogue was administered to three healthy men. The steroids in urine collected for 24 hr after dosage were isolated on XAD-2 resin, and purified and fractionated into groups by lipophilic gel chromatography before and after hydrolysis of conjugates. GC/MS analysis of these fractions allowed the detection and identification of canrenone, canrenoic acid and its ester glucuronide, 3 beta-hydroxy-3-deoxocanrenone, 3beta-hydroxy-4,5alpha-dihydro-3 deoxocanrenone and a 3epsilon-hydroxy-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-3-deoxocanrenone. In addition a number of di- and trihydroxy compounds formed by reduction and hydroxylation were partially identified from their E1 and C1 mass spectra. The results provide information on the metabolism of oral potassium canrenoate in man, and demonstrate the utility of combining stable isotope labeling, lipophilic gel chromatography, and GC/MS in studies of steroidal spirolactones. PMID- 39726 TI - Determination of amitriptyline and its major basic metabolites in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the routine, simultaneous determination of amitriptyline and its basic metabolites in human urine has been developed. 10-Hydroxylated metabolites are analyzed as their 10,11-dehydro analogs, and primary and secondary amines as their N-trifluoroacetyl derivatives. The use of gradient elution enables amitryptyline, nortriptyline trifluoroacetate, desmethylnortriptyline trifluoroacetate, and the corresponding 10, 11-dehydro analogs to be separated from both each other and from the internal standard used. In this way all six compounds may be conveniently measured in a single chromatogram, with good sensitivity and accuracy. Following administration of a single oral dose (25 mg) of amitriptyline hydrochloride to two human subjects, no unchanged drug was found in any of the urine samples analyzed up to 72 hr after dosing, and only small amounts of nortriptyline and desmethylnortriptyline were observed. 10-hydroxynortriptyline was the major biotransformation product (about 40% of the dose) in urine, with 10 hydroxyamitriptyline and 10-hydroxydesmethylnortriptyline present as minor metabolites. During 72 hr after administration, approximately 60% of the dose was recovered as these five metabolites. PMID- 39727 TI - Studies on the effects of isoniazid on acetylhydrazine metabolism in vivo and in vitro. AB - The interaction of isoniazid with its hepatotoxic metabolite acetylhydrazine has been studied. In vitro, isoniazid at a concentration of 0.5 mM was found to inhibit the microsomal metabolism of acetylhydrazine to a reactive acylating species. In vivo, however, coadministered isoniazid inhibited the acetylation to diacetylhydrazine and concomitantly increased the microsomal metabolism of 14C acetylhydrazine to a reactive intermediate which covalently bound to liver macromolecules. Comparison of urinary metabolites of isoniazid at two dose levels indicated that acetylation of acetylhydrazine produced as a metabolite may be inhibited by the parent drug. PMID- 39728 TI - Effect of diazepam, desmethylimipramine, and SKF 525-A on the disposition of levo methadone in mice after single or double injection. PMID- 39729 TI - Influence of gut microflora on bioavailability. PMID- 39730 TI - [Toxic dermatitis and pseudo-contact allergy]. AB - A contact dermatitis is more often due to skin irritation than to allergic reactions. About 80% of occupational dermatoses are explicable as toxic reactions of the skin, 20% as allergic reactions. Frequency and severity of the diseases depends on the nature and concentration of a substance as well as from the duration of its action on the skin. Defense mechanisms against chemicals are influenced by sebum content, humidity and the integrity of the horny layer. From a practical standpoint it is important to differentiate toxic from allergic reactions in a patch-test. It seems that allergic reactions are diagnosed too often. The determination of the critical non-toxic concentration requires the evaluation of a sufficient number of patients. The differentiation of irritation and allergy is tendered more difficult by individual factors. The therapy of toxic and allergic contact dermatitis is discussed. PMID- 39731 TI - [Current concepts in the treatment of insect venom allergies]. AB - Since standardised insect venom extracts have become available, the value of whole body extract hyposensitization has been questioned. Measurement of specific IgG antibodies serve as evidence of the immunological potency of the applied hyposensitization solution. The clinical success can be tested by exposition to insect sting. PMID- 39732 TI - Alterations of glucocorticoid actions by other drugs and disease states. AB - Glucocorticoids are used in physiological and pharmacological amounts in the management of a variety of clinical conditions. Concomitant utilisation of other drugs or the presence of some diseases may affect the physiological action of the steroid in the tissues. Phenytoin, phenobarbitone, ephedrine and rifampicin accelerate the metabolism of glucocorticoids thereby decreasing their biological activity. A similar phenomenon occurs in patients with hyperthyroidism. In contrast, glucocorticoid action is enhanced in hypothyroid patients and in those with hepatic damage as the result of a defect in the clearance of the hormone from blood. In turn, glucocorticoids antagonise the effects of cholinesterase inhibitors and ganglion blocking agents. The above mentioned effects should be kept in mind whenever glucocorticoids are utilised in the diagnosis and management of endocrine or non-endocrine conditions. PMID- 39733 TI - Angina pectoris: current approach to treatment. PMID- 39734 TI - Biochemical maturation of the non-innervated chick optic lobe. AB - The development of the chick optic lobe was impaired following removal of the optic cup of the early embryo. Tectal cell number is reduced but cell size may be relatively normal. Ther was evidence of neuronal cell death and several neuron associated proteins and enzymes (nerve-specific protein and acetylcholinesterase) showed selectively impaired maturation. However, other nerve-specific enzymes (choline acetyltransferase, tyrosine hydroxylase), develop normally on a per cell basis. The noninnervated optic lobe had a normal blood-brain barrier but a depressed ability to accumulate amino acids from plasma. Levels of 3':5'-cyclic GMP were also reduced in the nonafferented lobe. PMID- 39735 TI - Models of neuroendocrine regulation: use of monosodium glutamate as an investigational tool. AB - The administration of monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG) during the neonatal period is known to result in central nervous system lesions in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and the retina. Rodents so treated exhibit behavioral deficts and endocrinopathies including obesity, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism, pituitary atrophy, tail automutilation and diminished locomotor activity. Assessment of endocrine status revealed normal serum levels of glucagon, thyroid-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and diminished levels of thyroid hormones and growth hormone in MSG-treated rats. Prolactin levels were elevated in the glutamate-treated male rats. Within the brain hypothalamic levels of thyrotropin releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, and somatostatin were unchanged. Measurement of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter-related enzymes in individual hypothalamic nuclei derived from MSG-treated rats revealed normal levels of norepinephrine, serotonin and glutamic acid decarboxylase, but reduced levels of choline acetyltransferase and dopamine in the arcuate nucleus and median eminence. Histochemical methods for visualization of dopamine and acetylcholinesterase in the mediobasal hypothalamus confirmed these findings. The MSG-treated animals exhibited a normal diurnal rhythm of pineal serotonin N acetyltransferase activity. These data indicate that the MSG-induced endocrine deficiency syndrome results at least partly from destruction of cholinergic and dopamingeric tuberoinfundibular systems in the hypothalamus. PMID- 39736 TI - The Prune Belly syndrome--a case report. PMID- 39737 TI - [Neuropharmacological data on the striatum]. AB - The striatum constitutes the most voluminous basal ganglia in man. It is issued from ganglionic eminences which are very early bound by limbic kernels. If the cortical and reticulo-spinal projections have been first described the existence of anatomical connexions with the limbic system offers a large number of functional possibilities. The knowledge of the distribution of the different chemical substances which are present within this structure as well as the enzymes necessary for their synthesis and destruction permits to establish a chemical mapping, the dopaminergic one being the best known. The dopaminergic synaptic function in the striatum helps to understand the respective roles of the pre and post-synaptic receptors as well as the mechanisms by which the other neuromediators can modulate the dopaminergic activity, the cyclic nucleotides being often necessary for this action. These fundamental data subtend the mechanism of action of most of the drugs which are involved in extrapyramidal phenomenons (neuroleptics, dopaminergic agonists) and allows to put forth physiopathological hypothesis on Parkinson disease, Huntington chorea, as well as certain induced or spontaneous dyskinetic states. The functions of the striatum are then evoked: if the role of this structure in motor control is critical, its involvement in complex behaviours is strongly suggested. PMID- 39738 TI - [The stimulant effect of neuroleptics: myth or reality?]. AB - On the basis of clinical observations and animal pharmacology, the hypothesis of two types of neuroleptics may be considered. Some neuroleptics ("monopolars") are always sedatives, whatever will be the dosage used practically. Other neuroleptics ("bipolars") would be stimulating at a low dosage and sedatives at a high dosage. Stimulation and sedation would be in relation with pre- and post synaptic dopaminergic receptors blockade. PMID- 39739 TI - [Loxapine succinate: a new neuroleptic]. AB - Commercialized in the U.S.A. a few years ago, the loxapine succinate appears to be interesting among neuroleptic compounds. Used in 28 chronic schizophrenics, 19 of which were neuroleptic resistent patients, the parenteral route proved to be anti-psychotic and sedative in 26 patients. The usual daily dosages were between 100 and 200 mg. The local and general tolerances were good. The side effects were mild and essentially vegetative. The therapeutic efficiency seems to be better at the same dosages with the oral form than with the parenteral form. PMID- 39740 TI - [Role of long-acting neuroleptics in the treatment of schizophrenia]. AB - This paper summarizes the presentations made during the Lucca symposium (1-3 October, 1977) on long-acting neuroleptics. The authors tried to present advantages and inconveniences of this therapeutic compared to the "classical" neuroleptic therapeutics: - in patients with an acute symptomatology; - in stabilized patients. The main advantage is that one can be ensured that the drug has been or not been taken. PMID- 39741 TI - On the mechanism of impaired in vitro generation of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine from thyroxine in the livers of hypothyroid rats. PMID- 39742 TI - Abstracts; Part I. XII. Congress of the German Society for Endoscopy. Erlangen, March 15--17, 1979. PMID- 39743 TI - Abstracts. Part II. XII. Congress of the German Society for Endoscopy. Erlangen, March 15--17, 1979. PMID- 39744 TI - Environmental cadmium: proceeding of an International Conference on Environmental Cadmium Bethesda, Maryland June 7-9, 1978. PMID- 39745 TI - International Conference on Environmental Cadmium: an overview. PMID- 39746 TI - Bioavailability of Cd to Food crops in relation to heavy metal content of sludge amended soil. AB - Results of greenhouse and laboratory experiments on factors influencing uptake and accumulation of Cd by economic crops are summarized.Tolerance to Cd is highly crop-specific. For example, 21 different economic crops were grown in pots filled with a calcareous soil treated with increasing amounts of Cd. Yields versus Cd addition rate relations showed yield reductions to occur with Cd sensitive plants (spinach, soybean, curlycress, and lettuce) at addition rates varying from 5 to 15 mug Cd/g soil, whereas tolerant crops (tomato, squash, cabbage, and rice) did not suffer a yield reduction when treated at rates less than 150 mug Cd/g soil. Nutrient solution experiments likewise revealed marked differences in growth of crops. Corn, turnip, beets, bean, and tomato plants grown in solution cultures containing 0.1 mug Cd/ml accumulated different amounts of Cd in leaf tissue depending upon crop species; leaf Cd concentrations ranged from a low of 9 mug Cd/g leaf for beans to 200 mug Cd/g leaf for beets. Large differences also occur with regard to distribution of Cd within the plant. Fruit and seed tissue contain less Cd than leaves. Experiments comparing the toxicity of Cd to Cu, Ni, and Zn in an acid soil +/- lime showed Cd to be the most phytotoxic. While interactive effects occur with regard to metal uptake and accumulation by plants, Cd uptake is essentially dependent upon the Cd concentration of the soil. Studies of chemical speciation of Cd in relation to Cd availability indicate that the free Cd(2+) concentration correlates better with Cd uptake than Cd total of the soil solution. PMID- 39747 TI - Sewage sludge as a source of cadmium in soil-plant-animal systems. AB - The objective of this presentation is to relate the abundance and mobility of Cd in components of terrestrial ecosystems with implications for land utilization of sewage sludge. The uptake of Cd by crop plants is a function of the quantity of the element in the soil plus other soil factors affecting the Cd ion activity or electrochemical potential at the plant root surface. The natural abundance of Cd in soils has been reported as 0.5 mug/g which is higher than the background level of 0.2 mug/g found in soils studied in Pennsylvania. Experimental results indicate that the plant availability of Cd increases with each soil addition. While the plant availability of Cd is decreased by liming to increase soil pH, it has not been possible to add Cd salts or sewage sludge Cd without significantly increasing plant uptake. Field studies have shown that land application of sewage sludge can be expected to increase the Cd concentration of corn leaves from a range of 0.05-0.1 mug/g to 1-3 mug/g. Two years after the last application of sludge which added up to 10 ppm Cd to the surface soil, corn grain, sorghum grain, wheat grain, and potatoes showed a 10- to 15-fold increase in Cd over background levels. Studies were conducted with chicks, laying hens, and meadow voles (Microtus Pennsylvanias) to assess the impact of this increase in plant Cd upon the food chain. Corn and sorghum plants were grown on soils with either inorganic or sludge fertilizer for the purpose of producing herbage for use in feeding trials with meadow voles. Eight diets and a synthetic control diet were formulated to study the effect of source (plant vs. inorganic) of Cd on tissue accumulation. Significant accumulation of Cd occurred in kidney and liver, but not muscle, of voles fed diets containing sludge fertilized corn (1.09 mug/g) or sludge fertilized sorghum (2.76 mug/g). The source of Cd had little influence on tissue accumulation. In studies with broiler chicks and laying hens, natural diets containing 0.2 ppm Cd were supplemented with 3 ppm of this element. As with the meadow voles, Cd readily accumulated in liver and kidney. Although the results were not statistically significant, 3 ppm dietary Cd doubled muscle Cd content. There was no transfer of Cd to egg in a long term (12 month) experiment with laying hens. Soil management programs have been developed to maintain animal dietary levels of Cd at less than 1.0 mug/g from the use of sewage sludge on land in Pennsylvania. However, it is concluded that this level over time may cause a significant accumulation of Cd in animal tissues. Interpretation of these results in relation to those for human intake of Cd and the long range health effects of Cd is required for the proper monitoring of sewage sludge applications on land used for production of crops which enter the food chain. PMID- 39748 TI - Dynamic changes of serum gamma-glutamyl transferase in chronic alcoholism. AB - Elevated serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were found in 29% of 155 chronic alcoholics undergoing detoxification treatment. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) was increased in 16%, alanine aminotransferase--SGPT (ALT) in 12% of the patients, while 23% had elevations of either AP or ALT or both. Of the foregoing parameters, GGT was the best single indicator of liver involvement. In course of the follow-ups GGT/ALT correlation improved, but GGT/AP correlation deteriorated. In 9 patients, abstinence during follow-up was associated with progressive decrease in previously elevated serum GGT. Because of its unique sensitivity, GGT may be useful as a screening and/or monitoring aid in alcoholism. PMID- 39749 TI - Interference of UDP-glucuronyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase activity in rat liver microsomes at pH 7.5 with p-nitrophenol and p-nitrophenylglucuronide as substrates. AB - Microsomal fraction contains the whole of hepatic UDP-glucuronyltransferase as well as part of beta-glucuronidase. The activities of the two enzymes were assayed under identical conditions using untreated male rat liver microsomes at pH 7.5. In a 30-min incubation with p-nitrophenol and UPD-glucuronic acid, a net glucuronide formation of 0.010 mumol.min-1.g.liver-1 was measured. In the presence of saccharolactone at concentrations selectively blocking beta glucuronidase, the glucuronidation rate was 0.015 mumol.min-1.g.liver-1. Using the kinetic parameters of beta-glucuronidase (Km = 0.06 mmol/l p nitrophenylglucuronide, Vm = 0.075 mumol pNP formed.h-1.g.liver-1) determined in the absence of UDP-glucuronic acid, to correct for the beta-glucuronidase's interference on the glucuronidation process, a glucuronide formation of 0.011 mumol.min-1.g.liver-1 was calculated. PMID- 39750 TI - Fibrin membrane endowed with biological function. IV. Formation of cross-links between fibrinogen (or fibrin) and ribonuclease by transglutaminase. AB - Transglutaminase from guinea pig liver catalyzed the formation of cross-links between fibrinogen (or fibrin) and ribonuclease. Using transglutaminase, immoblized ribonuclease was prepared by two separate methods: (1) fibrinogen ribonuclease conjugates formed by transglutaminase were treated with thrombin to make fibrin membrane bound covalently to the enzyme; (2) fibrin polymer formed from fibrinogen with thrombin was covalently bound to ribonuclease by transglutaminase to make fibrin-ribonuclease conjugates. PMID- 39751 TI - Effect of pH on coenzyme binding to liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - 1. The transient-state kinetics of ligand-displacement reactions have been analyzed. Methods based on this analysis have been used to obtain reliable estimates of on-velocity and off-velocity constants for coenzyme binding to liver alcohol dehydrogenase at different pH values between 6 and 10. 2. The rate of NADH dissociation from the enzyme shows no pronounced dependence on pH. The rate of NAD+ dissociation is controlled by a group with a pKa of 7.6, agreeing with the pKa reported to regulate the binding of certain inhibitory substrate analogues to the enzyme . NAD+ complex. 3. Critical experiments have been performed to test a recent proposal that on-velocity constants for the binding of NADH and NAD+ are controlled by proton equilibria exhibiting different pKa values. The results show that association rates for NADH and NAD+ exhibit the same pH dependence corresponding to a pKa of 9.2. Titrimetric evidence is presented indicating that the latter effect of pH derives from ionization of a group which affects the anion-binding capacity of the coenzyme-binding site. PMID- 39752 TI - The aromatic residues of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - 1. The aromatic proton resonances in the 360-MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease were divided into histidine, tyrosine and phenylalanine resonances by means of pH titrations and double resonance experiments. 2. Photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization spectra showed that one histidine (His-119) and two tyrosines are accessibly to photo-excited flavin. This permitted the identification of the C-4 proton resonance of His-119. 3. The resonances of the ring protons of Tyr-25, Tyr-76 and Tyr-115 and the C-4 proton of His-12 were identified by comparison with subtilisin-modified and nitrated ribonucleases. Other resonances were assigned tentatively to Tyr-73, Tyr-92 and Phe-46. 4. On addition of active-site inhibitors, all phenylalanine resonances broadened or disappeared. The resonance that was most affected was assigned tentatively to Phe-120. 5. Four of the six tyrosines of bovine RNase, identified as Tyr-76, Tyr-115 and, tentatively, Tyr-73 and Tyr-92, are titratable above pH 9. The rings of Tyr-73 and Tyr-115 are rapidly rotating or flipping by 180 degrees about their C beta--C gamma bond and are accessible to flavin in photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization experiments. Tyr-25 is involved in a pH-dependent conformational transition, together with Asp-14 and His-48. A scheme for this transition is proposed. 6. Binding of active-site inhibitors to bovine RNase only influences the active site and its immediate surroundings. These conformational changes are probably not connected with the pH-dependent transition in the region of Asp-14, Tyr-25 and His-48. 7. In NMR spectra of RNase A at elevated temperatures, no local unfolding below the temperature of the thermal denaturation was observed. NMR spectra of thermally unfolded RNase A indicated that the deviations from a random coil are small and might be caused by interactions between neighbouring residues. PMID- 39753 TI - Properties of Bacillus subtilis ATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease. AB - A purification procedure described previously resulting in electrophoretically pure Bacillus subtilis ATP-dependent DNAse has now been modified by adding a fractionation stage with Polymin P to permit large-scale isolation of the enzyme. It has been found that the enzyme molecule (Mr = 300000) consists of two large subunits with Mr 155000 and 140000. The purified enzyme has three activities: (1) DNAse on linear single-stranded and double-stranded DNAs (2) DNA-unwinding and (3) ATPase. Circular DNAs were not affected by the enzyme. Study of the dependence of these activities on temperature, pH, and ATP and Mg2+ concentrations has revealed two different states of the enzyme. At low ATP concentrations and alkaline pH, it showed chiefly nuclease action, degrading considerable amounts of DNA to small fragments five residues long on average. At higher ATP concentrations and neutral pH (more physiological conditions) it predominantly unwound DNA. Simultaneously it cut preferentially one of the duplex strands to fragments more than 1000 residues in length. The results obtained suggest that the energy of the enzyme-cleaved ATP is mainly expended on unwinding rather than on degrading DNA molecules. PMID- 39754 TI - Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Scenedesmus obliquus. A kinetic analysis of the effects of nucleotide and dithiothreitol on the production of NADPH-dependent activity. PMID- 39755 TI - The kinetics of a purified form of 3-deoxy-D-arabino heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (tryptophan) from Neurospora crassa. AB - 1. A method is described for the purification of a form of 3-deoxy-D arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (tryptophan) that probably differs from that of the native enzyme. 2. The kinetics of the reaction catalysed by 3-deoxy-D arabinoheptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase (tryptophan) shows that the reaction proceeds via a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism, with activation by phosphoenolpyruvate (P-Prv), the first substrate, and inhibition by erythrose 4-phosphate (Ery-P) the second substrate. At low substrate concentrations, KP-Prv is 0.1 mM and KEry-P is 0.13 mM. 3. The substrates phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate and the product inorganic phosphate can protect the purified enzyme against heat denaturation, whereas the inhibitor, tryptophan, has no effect, although it binds to the enzyme in the absence of other ligands. 4. Product inhibition by inorganic phosphate is linear non-competitive with respect to phosphoenolpyruvate (Ki, slope = 22 mM and Ki, intercept = 54 mM) and substrate-linear competitive with respect to erythrose 4-phosphate (Ki, slope = 25 mM). 5. The enzyme has an activity optimum at pH 7.3 and a tryptophan inhibition optimum at pH 6.4, Trp 0.5 is 4 microM. Inhibition by tryptophan is non-competitive with respect to phosphoenolpyrovate and substrate-parabolic competitive with respect to erythrose 4-phosphate. 6. The role of the enzyme in metabolic regulation is discussed. PMID- 39756 TI - Structure of pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase from Azotobacter vinelandii. AB - 1. Pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase of Azotobacter vinelandii purified by affinity chromatography consists of a mixture of polydisperse rods at neutral pH. No other structures are seen by electron microscopy. 2. At high pH (8.5--9.0) the rods depolymerize. Complete depolymerization can be achieved in 0.1 M Tris-Cl pH 9.0. The depolymerized enzyme has a molecular weight of 421000 (sedimentation equilibrium), its sedimentation coefficient s20, w = 15 S and its Stokes' radius Rs = 7 nm. Since gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate shows that transhydrogenase consists of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight (54 +/- 2) X 10(3) it follows that the depolymerized enzyme has an octameric quaternary structure. We propose that this octamer serves as the functional monomeric unit ('unimer') from which the polymeric form of transhydrogenase is constructed. 3. Gel filtration and sucrose gradient centrifugation studies of cell-free extracts from A. vinelandii show the unimer to be the predominant active species. PMID- 39757 TI - Mouse-liver glutathione reductase. Purification, kinetics, and regulation. AB - Glutathione reductase from the liver of DBA/2J mice was purified to homogeneity by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation and two subsequent affinity chromatography steps using 8-(6-aminohexyl)-amino-2'-phospho-adenosine diphosphoribose and N6-(6-aminohexyl)-adenosine 2',5'-biphosphate-Sephadex columns. A facile procedure for the synthesis of 8-(6-aminohexyl)-amino-2' phospho-adenosine diphosphoribose is also presented. The purified enzyme exhibits a specific activity of 158 U/mg and an A280/A460 of 6.8. It was shown to be a dimer of Mr 105000 with a Stokes radius of 4.18 nm and an isoelectric point of 6.46. Amino acid composition revealed some similarity between the mouse and the human enzyme. Antibodies against mouse glutathione reductase were raised in rabbits and exhibited high specificity. The catalytic properties of mouse liver glutathione reductase have been studied under a variety of experimental conditions. As with the same enzyme from other sources, the kinetic data are consistent with a 'branched' mechanism. The enzyme was stabilized against thermal inactivation at 80 degrees C by GSSG and less markedly by NADP+ and GSH, but not by NADPH or FAD. Incubation of mouse glutathione reductase in the presence of NADPH or NADH, but not NADP+ or NAD+, produced an almost complete inactivation. The inactivation by NADPH was time, pH and concentration dependent. Oxidized glutathione protected the enzyme against inactivation, which could also be reversed by GSSG or other electron acceptors. The enzyme remained in the inactive state even after eliminating the excess NADPH. The inactive enzyme showed the same molecular weight as the active glutathione reductase. The spectral properties of the inactive enzyme have also been studied. It is proposed that auto-inactivation of glutathione reductase by NADPH and the protection as well as reactivation by GSSG play in vivo an important regulatory role. PMID- 39758 TI - The proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase of the obligately anaerobic bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum. 1. ATP phosphohydrolase activity. AB - 1. The cell-membrane ATP phosphohydrolase of vegetatively grown Clostridium pasteurianum was specifically Mg2+-dependent, but demonstrated significant activity with GTP, CTP and UTP. It displayed approximate Michaelis-Menten kinetics only in the presence of certain effectors (e.g. phosphoenolpyruvate, fructose 1,6-bis-phosphate) which decreased the Km for ATP (to below 2 mM) but also V, whilst extending to pH 5.8 the effective pH range of activity of the enzyme. 2. ATP phosphohydrolase activity of the membrane ATPase (BF0F1) was inhibited by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, butyricin 7423, Dio-9, 4-chloro-7 nitrobenzofurazan, efrapeptin, leucinostatin and quercetin, and to a lesser degree by aurovertin and citreoviridin. The enzyme was not inhibited by oligomycin, spegazzinine, tributyl tin, triethyl tin or venturicidin. The soluble ATPase (BF1) component differed in not being inhibited by N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, butyricin 7423 or leucinostatin. 3. The ATPase (BF0F1) complex and its soluble (BF1) component were separately purified. 4. Dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis separated only four polypeptide components in the purified ATPase (BF0F1), with approximate molecular weights (+/- 10%) as follows: subunit a, 65 500; subunit c, 57 500; subunit da, 43 000; subunit fa, 15 000. The soluble (BF1 component contained only the three polypeptide subunits a, c and da. These were present in the BF0F1 preparation in the ratio 2 : 1 : 2; the contribution of subunit fa could not satisfactorily be quantified. 5. Subunit a was identified as the component binding 4-chloro-7 nitrobenzofurazan and subunit fa as the component binding N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The ATP phosphohydrolase activity of the membrane ATPase was not activated by trypsin treatment and the ATPase (BF0F1) contained no trypsin-sensitive inhibitor protein subunit. 6. Purified ATPase (BF0F1) was incorporated into artificial proteoliposomes which demonstrated ATP-dependent enhancement of 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulphonate fluorescence and ATP-dependent proton influx. These reactions were abolished by proton conductors (e.g. carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone) by valinomycin in the presence of a high external concentration of K+, or by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, butyricin 7423, Dio-9, 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan or leucinostatin. Oligomycin, tributyl tin, triethyl tin and venturicidin were not inhibitory. 7. When stripped of the soluble BF1 component, such ATPase-proteoliposomes demonstrated nil ATP phosphohydrolase activity and did not display ATP-dependent enhancement of 8 anilino-naphthalene-1-sulphonate fluorescence or ATP-dependent protein influx. All of these activities were restored by incubation of the BF1-depleted proteoliposomes with a purified preparation of the soluble BF1 component. PMID- 39759 TI - The proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase of the obligately anaerobic bacterium Clostridium pasteurianum. 2. ATP synthetase activity. PMID- 39760 TI - Affinity labeling of rat kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase by 6-diazo-5-oxo-D norleucine. PMID- 39761 TI - Alkylation of estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase from human placenta with 3 chloroacetylpyridine--adenine dinucleotide phosphate. AB - 3-Chloroacetylpyridine--adenine dinucleotide phosphate is both active as a hydride acceptor and inactivates estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase. This coenzyme analogue behaves like an affinity label. The inactivation kinetics are discussed in relation to those observed with 3-chloroacetylpyridine--adenine dinucleotide. The pH dependence of the rate of inactivation, in combination with determination of the number of reactive cysteine residues, pointed to the alkylation of one cysteine residue/subunit. The stoichiometry was one molecule of dinucleotide per subunit and no cooperativity was detected. When 14C-labeled dinucleotide was used, the 14C label was found mainly in one peptide, accounting for 90% of the incorporated radioactivity, whereas in previous work it had been shown that 3 chloroacetylpyridine--adenine dinucleotide is an affinity reagent which labels three peptides. PMID- 39762 TI - Interaction of butene with human hemoglobin A. AB - The binding of various alkanes by proteins was recognized years ago. We have studied the effect of butene (C4H8), a short-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon, on the functional properties of human adult hemoglobin. Under 1 atm pressure (100 kPa) butene decreased the affinity of hemoglobin (Hb) for oxygen (p50) by 45% without altering the cooperativity of ligand binding. This effect was independent of pH (from 7.0 to 8.0) and of ionic strength. The changes in the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen were dependent upon the partial pressure of butene and evoked a saturating mechanism of the binding site(s). Mathematical simulation of the curve relating p50 to the concentration of dissolved butene allowed us to calculate the apparent association constants for one single binding site KHb = 10.4 mmol-1 and KHbO2 = 1.53 mmol-1 to Hb and HbO2 respectively. The larger binding of butene by Hb was confirmed by a 25% decrease in K1, the first association constant of oxygen to the tetrameric hemoglobin. It is concluded that butene is an allosteric effector of human Hb which acts most likely through hydrophobic interactions. It is postulated that the oxygen-linked binding site may be located at the alpha 1 beta 2 interface. PMID- 39763 TI - Biotransformations of glafenine in the rat and in man. AB - The biotransformations of a therapeutic dose of the non-narcotic analgesic, glafenine, have been studied in the rat and in man. In the rat, the ester bond is extensively hydrolysed to give glafenic acid which is the major metabolite excreted in bile and in urine. Two minor pathways have been identified one leading by hydroxylation of the benzene ring of glafenine or glafenic acid in para of the amino-substituent to the corresponding phenols, the other, by oxidation of the quinoline nitrogen of glafenic acid, to its N-oxide. In vivo this N-oxide is partly reduced into the parent compound. Hydroxyglafenic acid is the product of both direct oxidation of glafenic acid and hydrolysis of hydroxyglafenine. The glyceric esters are conjugated as glucuro-ethers and/or sulfo-esters and the carboxylic metabolites as acyl glucuronides. The conjugation rate, high for glafenine, its phenol homologue and glafenic acid, is low for hydroxyglafenic acid and the N-oxide. The analogous urinary excretion patterns in man and in the rat suggest a similarity in the biotransformation of glafenine in these two species. PMID- 39764 TI - Methods for evaluation of urinary excretion parameters of alclofenac after I.M. administration of its water soluble lysine salt in man. AB - The urinary excretion data after I.M. administration of water soluble lysine salt of Alclofenac were analysed by the techniques suggested by Niebergall, Wagner, Martin and Cummings. All methods used give similar estimates of both DU infinity and Kel with exception of the "Sigma minus" method when DU infinity obtained by "Rate Method" was utilized. Niebergall's method is preferred on the basis that it provides an accurate estimation of both DU infinity and Kel. These parameters, evaluated after administration of Alclofenac-lysinate, resulted in agreement with previously reported data obtained after administration of different pharmaceuticals of acidic drug. PMID- 39765 TI - Is glycine an inhibitory synaptic transmitter in the substantia nigra? AB - Nigral tissue accumulated 14C-glycine by an energy-, temperature- and sodium dependent mechanism; the transport process was inhibited by small neutral amino acids and had an apparent Km of 143 microM and Vmax of 787 nmol/g/min. Re-release of accumulated 14C-glycine was initially extremely rapid (40% in first 5 min) and subsequently accelerated by +40 mM K+ in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Intranigral kainate (0.25 microgram) lowered the levels of striatal DA (63%) and nigral GABA (25%) ipsilaterally, but not nigral glycine. Injections of glycine or strychnine (10--100 micrograms) into one SN induced slow ipsiversive or contraversive turning respectively. The evidence for glycine as a neurotransmitter in SN is discussed. PMID- 39766 TI - Interaction of estrogen and histamine during ovum implantation in the rat. AB - The relationship between estrogen and histamine in the initiation of ovum implantation in the rat was studied. Histamine was found to augment the implantation response to suboptimal doses of estradiol in the ovariectomized pregnant rat maintained with Depo-Provera. The effect of histamine was found to involve both H1- and H2-receptors and to be inhibited by treatment with a combination of mepyramine and metiamide. Treatment with this combination of histamine antagonists during early pregnancy in the intact rat did not modify blastocyst attachment. It was concluded that the effect of histamine on the implantation response to exogenous estradiol was due to increased uterine blood flow and/or estrogen uptake but that such histamine-mediated effects were not essential for blastocyst attachment during normal pregnancy. PMID- 39767 TI - Clonidine mydriasis in the rat. AB - Pupillary responses to clonidine (3--100 micrograms/kg, i.v.) and epinephrine (1- 30 micrograms/kg, i.v.) were observed in anesthetized rats. Clonidine caused a dose-dependent mydriasis which was effectively antagonized by pretreatment with yohimbine (1.5 mg/kg, i.v.). Pretreatment with phentolamine (5 mg/kg, i.v.) was less effective in antagonizing this clonidine-induced mydriasis. Phenoxybenzamine (2 mg/kg, i.v.) was almost without effect. In contrast, both phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine blocked the pupillary dilation produced by epinephrine while yohimbine pretreatment resulted in no antagonism of epinephrine-induced mydriasis. These results suggest that clonidine-induced mydriasis in the rat is mediated by a central adrenergic inhibitory mechanism. PMID- 39768 TI - Modification of alpha-adrenergic responses of small arteries by altered PCO2 and pH. AB - Closed-circuit television microscopy was used to measure in vivo small artery (75 -140 microns) and vein (105--230 microns) diameters to determine if changes in tissue PCO2 and/or pH would alter the microvascular responses to norepinephrine. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with a combination of urethane (800 mg/kg) and alpha-chloralose (60 mg/kg). The cremaster muscle with intact circulation and innervation was suspended by sutures in a 60-ml bath which contained a modified Krebs solution (31 degrees C) that was buffered by Tris of bicarbonate. There were four groups of animals with different combinations of bath PCO2 and pH: (1) PCO2 less than 10 mm Hg and pH = 7.2, (2) PCO2 less than 10 mm Hg and pH = 6.9, (3) PCO2 = 60--70 mm Hg and pH = 7.2, and (4) PCO2 = 60--70 MM Hg and pH = 6.9. The maximal responses of the small artery and vein to norepinephrine were similar for the four groups. The artery sensitivity to norepinephrine was significantly lower for group 4 when compared to groups 1, 2 and 3, but there was no effect on small vein sensitivity. Thus, the combination of decreased pH and increased PCO2 reduces small artery sensitivity to norepinephrine in the cremaster muscle of the rat. PMID- 39769 TI - Changes in dopamine-mediated behaviour during one year's neuroleptic administration. AB - Trifluoperazine (2.5--3.5 mg/kg/day) or thioridazine (30--40 mg/kg/day) were given in the drinking water to male Wistar rats for 12 months. Initial catalepsy and inhibition of spontaneous locomotion disappeared by 3 months and thereafter. Initial inhibition of stereotypy induced by s.c. apomorphine also disappeared by 3 months to be replaced by an enhanc-d stereotypy response after 6 and 12 months' drug intake. Drug-treated animals exhibited a greatly increased incidence of spontaneous mouth movements after 12 months' intake compared with control animals. Lower doses of both drugs (trifluoperazine 0.7--0.9 mg/kg/day; thioridazine 6--8 mg/kg/day) also initially suppressed behavioural responses but by 1 month and thereafter these animals were indistinguishable from controls. At 12 months, however, these animals also exhibited an increased incidence of spontaneous mouth movements. The data demonstrate a reversal of the initial dopamine receptor-blocking properties of trifluoperazine or thioridazine to be replaced by an enhanced response of cerebral dopamine systems while animals were still continuously receiving the drug. PMID- 39770 TI - Effect of catecholamines on oedema induced by inflammatory agents in the rat. AB - The effect of intracutaneous adrenaline and noradrenaline (5 X 10(-12) and 5 X 10(-11) mol) was examined on the oedema (Evans blue dye leakage) response of rats to several inflammatory agents. The catecholamines reduced the oedema response to all agents tested except prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) which was significantly potentiated by noradrenaline (5 X 10(-11) mol), and a combination of bradykinin 5 X 10(-11) mol with PGE1 5 X 10(-10) mol which was not significantly affected by any dose of catecholamine. Adrenaline was more effective than noradrenaline in reducing oedema produced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and histamine and by agents which release these amines (compound 48/80, dextran and antigen challenge with egg albumin in sensitized rats), but noradrenaline was more potent against bradykinin-induced oedema. The inhibitory effect of catecholamines against oedema produced by histamine and 5HT was abolished by a combination of phentolamine and propranolol. It was concluded that the oedema-inhibiting effect of catecholamines is due to alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptor mediated actions. PMID- 39771 TI - Albumin density gradient purification of canine hemopoietic blood stem cells (HBSC): long-term allogeneic engraftment without GVH-reaction. AB - Long-term repopulation of the blood-forming organs of dogs, conditioned by wholebody X-irradiation (1200 R midplane dose), was achieved by transfusion of cryopreserved allogeneic blood mononuclear cells (MNC) without causing graft versus-host-reaction (GVH-R). Donor and recipient dogs were DL-A identical, MLC negative, no siblings, non-related. The blood stem cells (CFUc) were procured by a 3- to 4-hour continuous-flow leukapheresis. To increase the CFUc concentration in the peripheral blood, dextran sulfate (DS) was administered intravenously beforehand. About 1 x 10(10) MNC, among them about 1 x 10(7) CFUc, were collected and further segregated using a discontinuous albumin density gradient. Less dense cells were to be found in the upper part of the gradient (fraction 2). These cells included most of the CFUc, enriched by a factor of between 275 and 1730 compared to their concentration in the peripheral blood beforehand. After cryopreservation, these cells, when transfused into lethally irradiated dogs, completely repopulated the marrow and lymph nodes, caused no GVH-R and allowed long-term survival. These dogs received no immunosuppressive therapy, either before or after transfusion. More dense MNC were to be found in fraction 3; their transfusion caused a severe GVH-R, followed quickly by death. Fraction 4 was rich in lymphocytes and poor in CFUc. The transfusion of these cells produced a selective plasma-cell hyperplasia of the lymph nodes but failed to repopulate permanently the marrow. The reappearance of the different cell lineages in the marrow and in the peripheral blood after conditioning and transfusion of these cells produced a selective plasma-cell hyperplasia of the lymph nodes but failed to repopulate permanently the marrow. The reappearance of the different cell lineages in the marrow and in the peripheral blood after conditioning and transfusion of the segregated MNC is described in detail. PMID- 39772 TI - Inhibition of the NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma cruzi by silver nitrate. AB - The purified NADP-linked glutamate dehydrogenase from Trypanosoma cruzi was strongly inhibited by silver nitrate. The inhibition was reversed by reduced glutathione, and was modified by the presence of the substrates during preincubation of the enzyme with the inhibitor. PMID- 39773 TI - [Preclinical study of the safety of a new tranquilizer, phenazepam]. AB - Chronic toxicity of the benzodiazepine series tranquilizer phenazepam (5 and 50 mg/kg) administered per os for 1.3 and 6 months was studied in experiments on white rats, guinea pigs and dogs. It has been shown during varying time of observation that the drug neither decreases weight gain in the animals nor adversly acts on the blood or produces local irritating action. Histopathological changes in some internal organs proved irreversible. Administered at varying periods of pregnancy, phenazepam at an oral dose of 100 mg/kg exerted no embryotoxic or teratogenic action. PMID- 39774 TI - [Homovanilic acid accumulation in the brain of rats as a possible cause of the inhibitory action of psychotropic substances on behavior and motor activity]. AB - In experiments on rats injection of haloperidol and levopromazine at growing doses (1--25 mg/kg) resulted in inhibition of the orienting-motor activity and catalepsy accompanied by accumulation of homovanilinic acid (HVA) in the forebrain. The dopaminergic drug apomorphine antagonized the inhibitory effects of the neuroleptics on behavior and simultaneously blocked the accumulation of HVA in the rab brain. Combined injection of haloperidol and probenecid potentiated catalepsy induced by the neuroleptic and led to a much higher level of HVA. levopromazine combined with probenecid elicited a deep inhibition of motility and myorelaxation. Bilateral microinjection of HVA at a dose of 50 micrograms into the caudate nucleus of the rabbit brain produced a clear-cut inhibition of the orienting-motor activity. It is suggested that the inhibitory action of the neuroleptics on behavior is partially mediated through accumulation of HVA by CNS synapses, i. e. HVA possesses its own neurotropic activity. PMID- 39775 TI - [Effect of preparations that alter catecholaminergic processes on the serotoninergic syndrome of head twitching in mice]. AB - Specific neuroleptics suppressed head twitching (HT) in mice, provoked by d,1-5 hydroxytryptophane (200 mg/kg i. p.) in doses starting from 0.00025 mg/kg (spiroperidol). L-DOPA and piribedil inhibited HT in doses from 25 and 50 mg/kg respectively, whereas apomorphine and d,1-amphetamine in doses of 1 up to 10 mg/kg exerted ambivalent activity. HT was significantly attenuated by clonidine in doses from 0.25 mg/kg, whereas by noradrenaline, isoprenaline and naphthizine, injected into the brain ventricles, in doses of 1 microgram, and 0.025 microgram per mouse respectively. Destruction of brain catecholaminergic neurons by intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine (50 micrograms per mouse) caused a strong enhancement of HT. However, partial protection of the adrenergic (but not the dopaminergic) neurons by pretreatment with desipramine or similar drug AW 15,1129 eliminated the protective effect of 6-hydroxydopamine. It is concluded that there is the dopaminergic link in the mechanism of HT and that the stimulation of the central adrenoreceptors inhibits HT. PMID- 39776 TI - [Method of determining flufenazin and its metabolites by thin-layer chromatography]. PMID- 39778 TI - An explanation of the proton uptake of chloroplast membranes in terms of asymmetry of the surface charges. PMID- 39777 TI - [Presynaptic receptors and their role in regulating neuromediator liberation and in the action of neuropharmacological substances (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 39779 TI - On the possible hydrolysis of the alpha-L-iduronide linkage by beta-D glucuronidase (Ec 3.2.1.31). PMID- 39780 TI - Effects of acute ethanol administration on tyrosine aminotransferase activity. PMID- 39781 TI - Redox Bohr-effects in the cytochrome system of mitochondria. PMID- 39782 TI - Transient opening of brush border membrane vesicles in alkaline media: preservation of D-glucose transport after removal of extrinsic proteins. PMID- 39783 TI - Physiological change in the ionophore-portion of proton-translocating ATPase in an uncoupled mutant of Escherichia coli. PMID- 39784 TI - On a neutral proteolytic system in rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 39785 TI - Evidence suggesting that the NADPH/NADP ratio modulates the splitting of the isocitrate flux between the glyoxylic and tricarboxylic acid cycles, in Escherichia coli. PMID- 39786 TI - Low pH binding of vanadyl to bovine lactoferrin: electron spin resonance studies. PMID- 39787 TI - Artifacts in ferritin isoelectric focussing profiles. PMID- 39788 TI - The use of Meldolablue in isozyme stains after electrophoresis. PMID- 39789 TI - Molecular dynamics of spectrin-actin at low pH: saturation transfer EPR studies. PMID- 39790 TI - Catecholamine reward pathways and schizophrenia: the mechanism of the antipsychotic effect and the site of the primary disturbance. AB - Two catecholamine-containing pathways, the locus ceruleus system and the dopamine neurons arising from the ventral mid-brain, may be involved in reward. Dopamine neurons function as a system for energizing the organism's responses and directing them toward significant environmental stimuli, but the functions of the locus ceruleus system remain obscure. It appears increasingly likely that neuroleptic drugs exert their anti-psychotic effects in acute schizophrenia by blocking dopamine receptors, although the time course of the effect suggests that the mechanism is more complex than a simple reversal of a neurohumoral imbalance. Evidence from postmortem studies suggests that, at least in the chronic state, dopamine turnover is not increased, but that there may be an increase in postsynaptic receptor density in some cases, including some patients who apparently had not received medication in the year before death. The evidence is consistent with Olds and Travis' conjecture that "counteraction of positive feedback processes subserving positive reinforcement mechanisms may be a key to control of certain psychotic episodes". PMID- 39791 TI - Brain endorphins: possible role in reward and memory formation. AB - A role for enkephalin in the mediation of behavioral reinforcement is supported by several lines of evidence: i) central injections of enkephalin serve as reinforcement for self-administration behavior, ii) electrical stimulation of many enkephalin-rich regions serves as reinforcement for self-stimulation behavior, which is blocked by moderate doses of naloxone, and iii) long-term retention of a passive avoidance response is facilitated by immediate post learning injections of methionine-enkephalin and morphine. PMID- 39792 TI - Changes in red cell oxygen release capacity in diabetes mellitus. AB - Studies are summarized to indicate that diabetes is associated with a fluctuating disturbance in the oxygen release capacity of the erythrocytes. This disorder, present from the onset of the disease, is a consequence of excess hemoglobin AIc, and absolute or relative hypophosphatemia and acidosis that interfere with formation of the red cell metabolite 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. As a result frequent increases in hemoglobin--oxygen affinity are produced. Available evidence suggests that transient decreases in red cell oxygen delivery lead to dilatation of the venous part of the microcirculation associated with increased transcapillary plasma permeation. Combined with microrheologic alterations (increased red cell aggregation, increased blood viscosity, and decreased red cell deformability) these functional changes may over the years participate in the pathogenesis of the microvascular disease in diabetes. PMID- 39793 TI - [Complexonometric determination of spasmolytin in drug forms]. PMID- 39794 TI - [Reactions for detecting 2-trifluoromethyl derivatives of phenothiazine]. PMID- 39795 TI - [Technology of preparing stable eyedrops of fetanol and its combination with pilocarpine hydrochloride]. PMID- 39796 TI - [Kinetics study of the dicoline hydrolysis reaction]. PMID- 39798 TI - [Midwives' competition on the 60th anniversary of the Belorussian SSR]. PMID- 39797 TI - [Chemical stability of flasks made of alkaline glass: the liberation of alkalinity under pharmacy conditions]. PMID- 39799 TI - [Circadian changes in prolactolactin and prolactoliberin activity in rat epiphyses]. PMID- 39801 TI - [Histidine liberation from frog skeletal muslces at rest and during rhythmic activity]. PMID- 39800 TI - [Interrelationship between gastric blood flow and hydrochloric acid secretion in dogs under ordinary circumstances, stimulated secretion and treatment with vasoactive drugs]. PMID- 39802 TI - Dissociation of the proliferative and effector non-H-2 minor histocompatibility alloimmune responses. AB - The first-set and second-set allotransplantation reactions against skin grafts and the primary and secondary proliferative graft-versus-host reactions in the popliteal lymph nodes were compared in both directions in a non-H-2 system (mouse strain combinations C57BL/10ScSnPh (further B10) and B10.C3H(40NX) further 40NX) differing at H-1 plus H-?). While 40NX recipients gave stronger reactions against B10 antigens in the allotransplantation reactions, the situation was reversed in the GVHR, B10 cells reacting more strongly against 40NX antigens. The findings of a dissociation between the mechanisms of allotransplantation reaction adn proliferative GVHR suggest that the genetic determination of the target antigens and the reacting lymphocyte populations are more complex at the minor histocompatibility systems than has been expected. PMID- 39803 TI - [Clinical and immunological studies on acquired heat contact urticaria (author's transl)]. AB - A case of localized urticaria in an otherwise healthy young woman, produced only by direct contact of the skin with heat, is described. The minimal temperature of urtication was 44 degrees C (immersion of the forearm in hot water for 5 min). Redness and painful oedema immediately developed without reflex flare. Total serum IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, complement factors C3 and C4, and alpha1-antitrypsin were in the normal range, whereas the C1-inhibitor level was slightly decreased. There was no evidence of circulating immune complexes in the serum. A skin test and a RAST with house dust were positive, but there were no signs of respiratory atopy. An attempt for passive transfer of heat urticaria into the abdominal skin of a rhesus monkey failed, but was successful for house dust. A treatment trial with ketotifen, a new, perorally acting anti-allergic drug, was poorly effective, but dexchlorpheniramine maleate, a classical antihistaminic, in a dose of 12 mg daily completely suppressed the swelling evoked by heat, but not the erythema, suggesting that other tissue or plasma factors than histamine may be involved in the mechanism of heat urticaria in this patient. PMID- 39804 TI - 5th International Symposium. Biochemical Aspects of Kidney Function. Oxford, England, September 16-19, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 39806 TI - Technologic revolution in contraception. PMID- 39805 TI - Evidence for the enzymic degradation of thyrotropin-releasing-hormone (TRH) and pseudo-hormone (pyroglutamyl-histidyl-amphetamine) by calf liver pyroglutamine amino-peptidase. PMID- 39807 TI - Perspectives on fertility control. AB - The biologic, administrative and individual perspectives on fertility control are presented and discussed. The need to unite perspectives is demonstrated and the importance of adjusting human fertility to new physiologies and social demands is stressed. PMID- 39808 TI - Life risks associated with reversible methods of fertility regulation. PMID- 39809 TI - Measuring contraceptive efficacy and side effects. AB - To assess effectiveness of contraceptives, one reports all pregnancies during use. Multiple and single decrement life-table pregnancy rates computed from these reports constitute the fundamental measures of effectiveness in clinical trials. Minimally biased evaluation of a new method requires a randomized, double-blind (or its nearest semblance), multicentered study of sexually active women. New contraceptives are studied in special, volunteer populations. Evaluation of marketed contraceptives implies broader-gauged representation, larger numbers and longer time frames. Prospective studies, like clinical trials, should include several methods, and may use subsamples for case-control analysis of risk. Well designed and executed multicentered, prospective studies, nevertheless, may represent specially selected populations. Risk-benefit analyses based on findings from selected populations require careful scrutiny. Although the most persuasive estimates of effectiveness derive from national, representative samples, moderately large samples in the USA have not been able to distinguish among products within a class. Formidable problems of recall are present in household surveys. In the United Kingdom, Europe and North America, analysis of risks and benefits may be enriched by better utilization of the data collection and record linkage resources of national health statistics systems. PMID- 39810 TI - Oral contraceptive hypertension and thromboembolism. AB - Oral contraceptives (OCs) are a highly effective and widely accepted means of avoiding pregnancy, but they also worsen the major atherogenic cardiovascular risk factors to some degree in all women. Some OC users may suffer severe hypertensive episodes or massive hypertriglyceridemia with pancreatitis. Mild or severe adverse effects could eventually have serious consequences beyond the childbearing years. OC use would appear imprudent for women with a history of hypertension, gestational hypertension and a family history of hypertension. Special care is needed with blacks, diabetics and women with renal disease. OCs may also affect blood clotting, fibrinolysis and platelet adhesiveness. Also, histochemical and anatomical changes in blood vessels have been noted. Both may precipitate thromboembolic events while the OC user is still at the childbearing age and may also contribute to accelerated atherogenesis in subsequent years. There is a need for more specific guidelines for monitoring women on OCs for a worsening of their cardiovascular risk profile and changes in blood coagulation. Indications and contraindications for OC use in relation to the hazard of thromboembolic sequelae need to be more explicitly defined. PMID- 39811 TI - Tumorigenic aspects. AB - This report presents a review of tumors, except those of pituitary, that have been reported to occur in women taking combined oral contraceptive preparations. Pathologic features, both gross and microscopic, and differential diagnosis are emphasized. Particular attention is given to tumors of the liver: focal nodular hyperplasia (hepatic hamartoma) and liver cell adenoma (benign hepatoma). The characteristic features of these usually distinctive lesions are illustrated, and an attempt is made to evaluate the significance of each with respect to oral contraceptives. Tumorigenic aspects relating to the uterus and the breast are briefly discussed. PMID- 39812 TI - Barrier methods of contraception: a reappraisal. AB - In the last two years, there has been a gradual reawakening of interest in barrier methods and an increase in their usage by both men and women. This is in large part due to concern about the sometimes serious side effects reported for other contraceptive methods. The return to these techniques is particularly important, given the current epidemics of teenage pregnancy and veneral disease. One of the major problems in relation to barrier methods today is the accurate determination of their efficacy. There are very limited data with statistical validity available to judge the exact rate of effectiveness one might obtain using one of these techniques. The National Survey of Family Growth, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics, showed a failure rate per 100 women of 16.7 for foam, cream or jelly and 15.9 for diaphragms (22). There is a great need for new and improved barrier methods of contraception. Numerous clinical studies are being set up to test spermicidal agents and vaginal sponges for the female, as well as such things as disposable condoms for males. PMID- 39813 TI - Intrauterine devices: medicated and nonmedicated. AB - The main benefits of intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a lack of adverse systemic effects, excellent effectiveness, high continuation rates and the single act of motivation required for use. First year failure rates range from 2% to 3%, but decline steadily thereafter to a cumulative annual failure rate of less than 1% after six years. The risks of IUDs include increased blood loss, uterine perforation, pelvic infection and pregnancy-related complications. The incidence of perforation of the uterine fundus ranges from 1:1000 to 1:2500 insertions, while that of cervical perforation with the copper devices ranges from 1:600 to 1:1000. IUD use is associated with about a three-fold increased incidence of developing acute salpingitis in comparison with use of oral contraceptives and diaphragms. If pregnancy occurs with an IUD in place, there is a three-fold increased risk of spontaneous abortion, a ten-fold increased risk of ectopic pregnancy (5% of all IUD pregnancies) and a possible increased incidence of sepsis during the pregnancy. PMID- 39814 TI - Sterilization of women: benefits vs risks. AB - Voluntary sterilization is the birth control method most widely practiced throughout the world. The last ten years have witnessed great improvements in techniques and perfection of innovations, explaining the important role that it now plays in the regulation of fertility. Different methods are examined and it is concluded that hysterectomy is the best, if medically indicated; conventional laparotomy is not justified unless required by concomitant intraabdominal pathology; minilaparotomy is mostly suitable postpartum; colpotomy is better left to specialists; laparoscopy is ideal for nonpregnant patients; culdoscopy is a relic of the past; and hysteroscopy, although still experimental, may be the way of the future. The advantages of voluntary sterilization lie in its remarkable and immediate efficiency, freedom from ongoing motivation, the convenience of a one-time operation, the absence of side effects and the reduction of total costs. Its disadvantages are the complexity of any surgical intervention for a woman, its indisputable finality, its uncertain legality and the risks inherent in any operation. Hysterectomy and tubal ligation are practically never fatal, so this argument does not influence the choice of either method. However, incidence of morbidity is higher following hysterectomies, which must therefore be justified. The balance is clearly in favor of voluntary sterilization for the woman who is convinced that the size of her family is complete. PMID- 39815 TI - Vasectomy: benefits and risks. AB - Bilateral occlusion of the vas deferens, vasectomy, is progressively becoming the method of choice for couples seeking permanent contraception at a younger age, with smaller families. They are apparently well-informed and view the procedure as a natural step. Vasectomy is an inexpensively performed office procedure that causes minimal disruption of routine and has a high degree of community acceptance. The risks of significant hematoma, infection, discomfort and other sequelae are within acceptable limits. Improved techniques will continue to reduce the small failure rate. Antibodies observed in half of the patients have not been linked to systemic disease, although they are a hazard for the one patient in 500 returning for a vasovasostomy. Refinements in microsurgery and availability of artificial insemination enhance vasectomy as the method of choice. Evidently, extending the minimum time of sterility confirmation permits detection of occasional recanalization from technical failures. Adequate screening of the couple's motivation and expectations can prevent the rare psychologic disturbances, the greatest risk with this procedure and a problem associated with all options. For the male, there is no competitive technique at this time. In a world striving for equal rights, where the female still carries the burden of temporary contraception, the simplicity and popularity of vasectomy for permanent contraception add the desired undertones of social equilibrium. PMID- 39816 TI - Postcoital contraception. AB - The evolution of postcoital contraception has led to the development of emergency measures to be used following a single unprotected act of intercourse and to ongoing methods, such as the administration of a contraceptive steroid agent following every coital exposure. In emergency situations, the most commonly employed hormonal steroids are the synthetic, conjugated and natural estrogens, administered in large doses for five days. Recently, a combination of an estrogen and a progestin has been employed for the same purpose. A copper-bearing intrauterine device (IUD), inserted within seven days of coitus, has also been utilized with success. Progestins alone have been utilized as an ongoing method of postcoital contraception. Failure rates have been found to vary with the dosage, the specific progestin employed and the frequency of intercourse. The major role of postcoital contraception in the developed world appears to be as an emergency measure. Ease of availability, a high degree of efficacy and a low incidence of side effects are essential for patient and physician acceptance. PMID- 39817 TI - A reappraisal of abortion as a method of fertility control. AB - Some of the factors which led up to the passing of the British Abortion Act in 1967 (which came into effect ten years ago in April 1968) are outlined. British health advantages of the liberal and legalized abortion policy are described, as are the attitudes and opinions since passage of the act. Reference is made to the findings of the British Committee on the Working of the Abortion Act which were reported in 1974. The use of abortion as the sole method of fertility control in certain countries of Eastern Europe is discussed. PMID- 39818 TI - Problems of implementation and consequences of the 1975 provisional law to liberalize abortion in France. AB - The passage of the 1975 law to liberalize abortion in France was inevitable because of the inadequacy of the 1920 law. The new law was passed quickly at the end of 1974 and its rapid implementation on January 17, 1975, caught public health officials by surprise. Two benefits have resulted from the law's implementation: (a) abortion has become a medical act, reducing the incidence of illegal termination of pregnancy and its complications; and (b) it has limited the need to travel to more liberal countries for an abortion. Chief among the law's disadvantages are the nonapplication of certain of its sections, the absence of means to curb noncomplying physicians and a certain laxity in its application due to inadequate public knowledge of the risks involved in repeated abortions. PMID- 39819 TI - Biochemical basis for the selection of oral contraceptives. AB - Many specific plasma proteins show dose-related changes when oral estrogens are administered. Large increases in concentration are seen in many important binding proteins, such as the sex hormone-binding globulin, transcortin, the retinol binding protein, ceruloplasmin, and transferrin. A smaller group of plasma proteins are reduced in amount. These changes are related to altered rates of hepatic synthesis and secretion. As the overall effect of estrogen is one of increased protein synthesis, there is a reduction in the amount of plasma-free amino acids and in the pattern of distribution. Oral contraceptive (OC) users frequently show significant alterations in biochemical tests of vitamin status, at least some of which are related to alterations in plasma proteins. Other biochemical changes associated with OC use include a fasting hyperlipidemia, due mainly to increases in triglycerides, although there is often also a small increase in cholesterol. These changes are due primarily to increases in several lipoprotein fractions and are related mainly to the estrogen component. A deterioration in glucose tolerance occurs in many OC users and is probably induced by both estrogens and progestogens. There is evidence that certain clinical side effects of OCs, such as depression, are associated with specific biochemical changes. PMID- 39820 TI - Endocrine effects of oral contraception. AB - Numerous well-documented endocrine effects of oral contraceptives (OCs) can be subdivided into two groups: (a) those relating to the hypothalamic and pituitary ovarian system, the breast and the genital tract of the human female and (b) those related indirectly to laboratory testing of other endocrine glands. Benefits from OC use include marked decreases in the incidence of menorrhagia, benign breast disease, dysmenorrhea, iron deficiency anemia, premenstrual tension and ovarian cyst formation--all of which will be discussed only briefly. Of much concern are two suggested adverse effects of OCs: (a) the development of amenorrhea or menstrual disturbance associated with anovulation after discontinuing OCs, thereby possibly influencing the future fertility of former OC users, and (b) the suggested relationship between hyperprolactinemia and the development of micro- and eventually macropituitary adenomas. A review of the literature, along with our own findings, is presented. PMID- 39821 TI - The British retrospective and prospective studies. AB - The clinician needs scientific evidence to enable him to advise patients efficiently and correctly. The sources of this evidence are listed and the part played by each discussed. The rarity of adverse effects from the use of oral contraceptive pills entails the need to make use of epidemiologic studies. The different types of study are briefly described, with examples from recent work carried out in Britain. The advantages and problems of interpretation associated with each are discussed. The present position taken by United Kingdom doctors working in the field of contraceptive practice is summarized. PMID- 39822 TI - Smoking, age and the pill. AB - A brief outline is given of alterations in the normal physiology caused by cigarette smoking, aging and taking combined oral contraceptive pills. There are similarities in some of these effects. Evidence is considered regarding the health risks of using the pill and the relationship of these risks to the age of the woman and her smoking habit. This evidence is derived from recent epidemiologic studies carried out in Britain on some aspects of morbidity and the death rates ascribable to the pill. The implications for prescribing clinicians are discussed and indications are given for reducing the overall risks to life and health for pill users. PMID- 39823 TI - Interpretation of data by the clinician. AB - The cardinal challenges to every practicing physician are to interpret clinical data correctly and to place them in proper perspective. Clinical investigations frequently lack the rigidly controlled conditions and the careful experimental designs usually found in preclinical animal studies, and this deficiency is partially attributable to the inherent complexities of clinical medicine. Consequently, a great deal of controversy results from conflicting interpretations, extrapolations and overextension of limited data that are often equivocal. More careful appraisal of data and increased awareness of the well known pitfalls found in retrospective and prospective studies, in which biostatistical design and clinical relevance are often incompatible, are emphasized, and personal biases and the flagrant sensationalism expounded by the media are condemned. The clinician is cautioned to sift through the data, consider the benefit/risk ratio for each patient and then to subordinate the role of critical scientist and assume the role of physician, exercising good judgment in light of the existing evidence and the immediate problems at hand. PMID- 39824 TI - Selecting the optimum method of contraception for each patient. AB - The factors relating to the choice of the optimal method of contraception are discussed, indicating the wide range of variables which must be evaluated. Religious, cultural, educational and social factors are considered, as well as age and family size. Facts elicited through discussion of general medical, family, obstetric and menstrual histories help to indicate the advantages and disadvantages of available methods. The influences of the doctor, relatives, friends, and publicity are shown to affect the patient's choice and indicate that the theoretical effectiveness of a particular method forms only one part of a complex situation. PMID- 39825 TI - Initial pill selection and managing the contraceptive pill patient. AB - Contraceptive pill risk may be lowered and patient continuation rates increased by selecting a pill best suited to each patient's needs. Each contraceptive pill has a unique profile of activity which is dependent upon both the dosage and type of progestogen and estrogen. Patient characteristics, expecially menstrual history, are helpful in choosing an initial pill (which should be low in estrogen), and patient and family histories are also valuable in helping determine whether use of the pill is contraindicated. Patients with a history of sensitivity to their own hormones are more likely to experience side effects on contraceptive pills, as also are underweight women. Knowledge of individual pill activities and potencies can be helpful in selecting the initial pill and in changing pills when nonserious side effects occur. PMID- 39826 TI - Advantages and disadvantages of low-dose oral contraceptives. AB - Whenever a medication is prescribed, the lowest effective dose should be selected when possible. This recommendation is particularly important when oral contraception is being considered. In the years since the pill became available, there has been a steady decline in the dosages used. Contemporary "low-dose" varieties are those containing less than 50 micrograms of estrogen. Although they provide equal reliability, low estrogen formulations contain only a fraction of the quantities used in the original varieties. Subjective side effects are reported far less frequently with lower dose pills, and metabolic effects are reduced. The only associated disadvantage is a tendency to more spotting and breakthrough bleeding in early cycles. No matter how low the dose, there will always be some women for whom this method is not suitable. Fortunately, the progestogen-only pill--a consideralby underused contraceptive measure--can often be highly acceptable. PMID- 39827 TI - The patient's choice in contraception. AB - The patient's choice of a contraceptive method is seemingly influenced by six factors: (a) her attitude toward contraception, (b) the physician's choice, (c) her assessment of risk, (d) her motivation and compliance for reliable contraception, (e) her previous experience with contraception and (f) her partner's influence. Recommendations are made for dealing with three groups of patients who present particular problems: (a) the patient who insists on the pill despite the contraindications for her emphasized by the physician; (b) the patient on the pill who is aging; and (c) the patient or couple who chooses tubal ligation at whatever age and regardless of the number of children she has borne. PMID- 39828 TI - Teenagers and contraception. AB - Early sexual activity in young women has created new problems in contraception and gynecologic pathology for physicians. None of the existing birth control methods seems ideally adapted to the young: oran contraceptives, the only infallible method, may present adverse effects. Intrauterine devices may result in expulsion or infection. Diaphragms or spermicides are less effective and not always well accepted by young girls. The physician, however, must bear in mind that whatever inconvenience may result, birth control is always preferable to an unwanted pregnancy or to abortion. Given the seemingly growing incidence of veneral disease and of abnormalities of cervical cytology, physicians must exercise the utmost care and consider a birth control consultation by a young girl as a full medical act. PMID- 39829 TI - Psychological factors: counseling and motivation of the contraceptive patient. AB - The stronger the desire to avoid conception, the more effective the contracepting. But motivation alone will not ensure success. Knowledge of all aspects of contraception is a prerequisite for optimal decision making, and such information and counseling should be readily available to all persons of reproductive age who are concerned about the use of medication, potential side effects and subsequent fertility. The counsel and opinion of physicians are sought with as much or greater frequency as their diagnostic or therapeutic skills. Yet, too often, the physician's attitude toward contraceptive use by others is colored by his own moral, religious or social philosophy. Subtle personality traits of the patient and attitudes of her partner control contraceptive disuse, misuse or rejection in most people. In the author's opinion, compliance with the use of contraception is directly related to the amount and intensity of counseling and the degree of motivation provided by the physician. PMID- 39830 TI - Future methods of fertility regulation. PMID- 39831 TI - A follow-up of vasectomy clients in rural Bangladesh. AB - A one-year follow-up of 585 vasectomy clients sterilized at vasectomy camps in Shibpur and Shalna in rural Bangladesh showed that almost half of the clients were dissatisfied with their vasectomies. The majority of dissatisfied clients stated that their primary reasons for dissatisfaction were: (a) their ability to work had decreased and (b) they had not received all of the incentives they had been promised. However, 58% of the matched nonvasectomized controls also felt that their ability to work had decreased in the last year. Only 2%--7% of the dissatisfied clients cited decreased sexual performance as their primary reason for dissatisfaction. Satisfied vasectomy clients most frequently cited: (a) the permanence of this method of birth control and (b) the incentives they received as their reasons for satisfaction. PMID- 39832 TI - Implementation of a successful outpatient laparoscopic sterilization program in Calcutta. AB - This study presents data on 109 women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization by tubal rings at the Calcutta Medical Research Institute and Hospital. The average operating time was 15 minutes and the average stay in the recovery room was 4 hours. The overall complication rate was 18%, including surgical and early postoperative complications. All patients returned for follow-up. Long-term follow-up will be required to determine the rates of delayed complications and the efficacy of the procedure. PMID- 39833 TI - Aerobic and anaerobic cervical flora of healthy Thai women. AB - The bacteriologic study of the cervical flora in 50 healthy women revealed that 70% harbored mixed aerobic and anaerobic organisms. Aerobic organisms alone were recovered in 15 women (30%). Polymicrobial organisms were found in all but five women (in these only one aerobe was isolated per patient). The majority of patients had 1-2 anaerobes, with more than two aerobes. The common aerobes were alpha-hemolytic streptococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis and lactobacilli. The most common anaerobes were Peptococcus asaccharolyticus isolated in 21 women (42%), P prevotii in 13 (26%) and Bacteroides in 10 (20%). These organisms are frequently found in pelvic infection, suggesting the pathogenic potential of the normal flora of the cervix. PMID- 39834 TI - International maternity care monitoring: results of a pretest. AB - This report gives the preliminary results of a pretest cosponsored by the International Fertility Research Program and the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. It includes data on 33 116 deliveries in 20 maternity centers in Latin America, Europe, Africa and Asia. The findings are organized around four themes: (a) family formation and reproductive history, (b) family health, (c) management of this delivery and (d) desired family size and family planning practices. PMID- 39835 TI - Sex differences in fetal sheep adrenal steroidogenesis. AB - The formation of several steroids was determined in vitro in adrenals removed from 18 female and six male fetuses of 113-115 days' gestation and in two female and two male fetuses at near term (137-143 days). Samples were incubated with 14C acetate and the formation of labeled steroids was determined by two-dimensional paper chromatography. Protein and corticosterone concentrations were determined by chromophore absorption and acid hydrolysis fluorescence methods, respectively. Tissue corticosterone concentrations were significantly higher in female (0.145 +/- 0.010 microgram/mg protein) than in male (0.083 +/- 0.010 microgram/mg protein) adrenal tissue at both stages, whereas corticosterone formation was similar in both sexes. Cholesterol formation was significantly higher in female (0.103 +/- 0.079 muM/mg protein) than in male (0.044 +/- 0.011 muM/mg protein) adrenals at both stages. Both testosterone and estradiol were synthesized at higher rates in female than in male adrenals (52% and 33%, respectively), whereas pregnanediol formation was 21% higher in the male. These results indicate that significant sex differences exist in the formation of various adrenocortical hormones by fetal tissues. The relevance of these findings to better survival of female premature newborns from respiratory distress syndrome in contrast with male, is discussed. PMID- 39836 TI - Maternity record: initial report on a national experience (Colombia). AB - The International Fertility Research Program, in cooperation with the Government of Colombia, drew a random sample of urban hospitals in which obstetric deliveries take place. Data were collected on a sample of the deliveries. Hospitals were divided into six types: university, university maternity, social security and three sizes of general hospitals. These groups of hospitals are compared with respect to the proportion of high-risk patients admitted, intervention rates and perinatal mortality rates. PMID- 39837 TI - A follow-up of tubectomy clients in Bangladesh. AB - Five hundred twenty-one tubectomy clients from two health centers and one sterilization camp were interviewed 1-4 years after their tubectomies to determine: (a) demographic characteristics, (b) reasons for selecting tubectomy and (c) long-term satisfaction. Essentially no differences in demographic characteristics or long-term satisfaction were observed between urban and rural clients or by the type of center where the tubectomies were performed. Means ages of the clients were 31-32 years; mean parity was 7. Fifty-four percent of the rural and 85% of the urban patients had used contraceptives before tubectomy. Ninety-five percent or more of the patients stated that they were satisfied with the tubectomy. PMID- 39838 TI - Rheumatic heart disease diagnosed during pregnancy: a 30-year follow-up. AB - One hundred one patients originally diagnosed as having rheumatic heart disease (RHD) during the years 1945-1948 were reevaluated in 1975 to determine the natural history of the disease. Twenty patients (19.8%) showed no sign of RHD. Of the patients with confirmed RHD, 56 (70.0%) had their original lesion confirmed, while 23 (28.8%) had developed additional valvular involvement. Pure mitral stenosis resulted in significantly lower mortality than all other valvular lesions, and congestive heart failure was the leading cause of death. Nineteen patients underwent cardiac surgery; the mortality in this group (52.6%) was not significantly higher than that in the overall RHD group (38.8%). False diagnosis of RHD during pregnancy is common. A more thorough evaluation of the "cardiac murmur of pregnancy" is advocated. PMID- 39839 TI - Dinitrochlorobenzene reactivity of women with cancer of the ovary, cervix and corpus uteri. PMID- 39840 TI - Mullerian aplasia with hypoplastic thumbs: Two case reports. AB - Two cases of Mullerian aplasia associated with unilateral hypoplasia of the thumbs and skeletal spine deformities in two unrelated females are reported, and the pertinent literature is reviewed. Mullerian aplasia is frequently associated with skeletal spine deformities, but has not been reported to be associated with hypoplasia of the thumbs. Several heritable syndromes, including the hand-foot uterus syndrome, are characterized by uterovaginal and distal extremity malformations but are not associated with skeletal spine anomalies. The two cases reported here represent a previously unreported constellation of anomalies. PMID- 39841 TI - Uterine and peripheral hematologic profiles in molar pregnancy. AB - The potential differences in hematologic profiles of blood samples drawn simultaneously from the right utero-ovarian vein and from the upper extremity were investigated in four patients with uncomplicated molar pregnancy in stable obstetric conditions. The patients had undergone no previous chemotherapy and were scheduled for total abdominal hysterectomies. The dominant abnormalities in uterine venous blood were prolongation of thrombin time; shortening of activated partial thromboplastin time; positive protamine sulfate test; and increase in coagulation factors II and VII, with a tendency to low values in factor V. Peripheral samples gave almost parallel results in all altered and normal tests, except in one case with very striking differences in factors II, V, VII and X. Several local and systemic influences are discussed. It is concluded that molar pregnancy seems to have important systemic mechanisms affecting the stability of the blood coagulation homeostasis, which act in addition to those at a local level. PMID- 39842 TI - Further experience with a capillary tube pregnancy test. AB - Further evaluation of the nonrefrigerated capillary tube pregnancy test is presented. A 127-mm by 2-mm glass capillary tube containing lyophilized antibody to human chorionic gonadotropin and latex indicator particles is used. Urine is drawn into the tube by capillary action; then, the tube is tilted to allow the urine to dissolve the antibody and to suspend the latex particles. The test results are read after a one-hour incubation period. Test results were evaluated against histopathologic and clinical data. Special efforts were made to stress the false-positive rate of the test by tripling the number of negative cases and doubling the sample size. A 99.82% agreement, a 0.18% false-negative rate and a 0% false-positive rate were obtained. In 52 confirmed pregnancies, the more sensitive capillary test detected human chorionic gonadotropin, whereas the commercial tests did not. Human chorionic gonadotropin was also detected one week earlier than reported in the first series. PMID- 39843 TI - Viral hepatitis complicating pregnancy: mortality trends in Saudi Arabia. AB - The striking mortality in viral hepatitis associated with pregnancy, regularly observed in developing countries, has shown a significant decrease in Saudi Arabia during a period of unprecedented economic growth. However, the risk of fatal hepatitis in the pregnant Saudi woman remains approximately four times that for the nonpregnant woman. The explanation for the observed mortality trend is not apparent, but is unlikely to be the result of improved nutritional status of the population alone, or because of treatment of severe hepatitis with adrenal corticosteroids. Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be one factor that decisively influences the outcome of hepatitis in the pregnant woman. PMID- 39844 TI - The significance of adrenal and ovarian catheterization in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - A previously unreported series of 15 anovulatory hirsute women with polycystic ovaries made up this study. Each underwent left adrenal and left ovarian vein catherization. Blood samples were obtained from the ovarian, adrenal and peripheral veins to test the levels of testosterone, delta 4 androstenedione (delta 4A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), estradiol and/or total estrogens, before and after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (ten cases) and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (five cases). Following intravenous human chorionic gonadotropin administration, the only response seen was a slight rise in ovarian levels of delta 4A and DHEA; after intravenous adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation, the adrenal levels of delta 4A, testosterone and DHEA rose significantly. Peripheral concentrations of testosterone and delta 4A were in the high normal range and DHEA levels were high normal or slightly above normal range. PMID- 39845 TI - The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on blood pressure. AB - Twenty-four women (21 normotensive and 3 hypertensive) aged 16-35 years received 150-mg injections of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for contraception. Their blood pressure (BP) was measured under basal conditions by the same nurse before treatment and at 1-, 2- and 3-month intervals. Their mean BP fell from 124.1/79.4 to 119.8/74.6 mm Hg at one month (p less than 0.05 for diastolic pressure) to 117.0/74.9 mm Hg at two months and to 115.6/73.2 mm Hg at three months. When the normotensive patients were analyzed separately, their BP fell, but not significantly. Only one patient had a rise of 20 mm Hg systolic, but she remained normotensive. We conclude that medroxyprogesterone acetate does not raise BP. PMID- 39846 TI - Microadministration of ketamine during labor and delivery of Nigerian women. AB - Carefully controlled intravenous administration of ketamine produced excellent analgesia and dissociative sleep in all patients in the active phase of labor. The introduction to delivery interval was significantly shortened (3.6 vs 6 hours) in our general population. Of the 50 patients studied, 49 were unable to remember if contractions were painful and 80% experienced and narrated dreams. The auditory component was consistently intact in 82% of the cases; 78% described the total experience as pleasant, while the rest found it unpleasant or uncertain. The one-minute Apgar score of 6.8 was not significantly different from that of the general population. PMID- 39847 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of hematocervix following gynatresia in a case of uterus bicornis bicollis. AB - The authors describe the ultrasound findings of a hematocervix associated with cervical atresia. They emphasize the diagnostic difficulties and the important role of ultrasound in such cases. PMID- 39848 TI - Current concepts in kinin research. Proceedings of the Satellite Symposium of the 7th International Congress of Pharmacology, Paris, 22 July 1978. PMID- 39849 TI - Vigilance--a concept and its neurophysiological and biochemical implications. PMID- 39850 TI - Central alpha-adrenoceptors and the states of vigilance: neuropharmacological experiments in cats. PMID- 39851 TI - Use of a simple and rapid method in the clinical research for the appropriate dosage of a new hypnotic. PMID- 39852 TI - [Pharmacologic effects on hypophysial secretions related to sleep]. PMID- 39853 TI - Pharmacology of the states of alertness. Proceedings of the satellite symposium of the 7th International Congress of Pharmacology, Montpellier, 24-25 July 1978. PMID- 39854 TI - The effects of two hypnotics on sleep, subjective feelings and skilled performance. PMID- 39855 TI - Simultaneous analysis of the single and multiple dose pharmacokinetics of the non steroidal anti-inflammatory, alclofenac. PMID- 39856 TI - Euhypnos Forte (temazepam) in insomniac patients: a clinical trial in general practice. AB - In an open evaluation, soft gelatin capsules containing 20 mg temazepam (Euhypnos Forte) were administrated in doses of 40--60 mg to 134 patients from twenty-two general practices. The patients selected by the general practitioners werethose known to require hypnotics but in whom conventional doses had proven unsatisfactory. Of the 134 patients who entered the trial, 104 preferred the higher doses of two or three capsules. Eighty-eight per cent of these patients found Euhypnos Forte to be 'very good' or 'good' and 69% expressed preference for Euhypnos over their customary medication. Eighty-eight per cent of these patients experinces no hangover effect. PMID- 39857 TI - Euhypnos Forte (temazepam) for resistant insomnia: a clinical trial. AB - Seventy insomniac patients, previously unresponsive to conventional hypnotic dosage, were treated for seven nights with temazepam in 20 mg soft gelatin capsules (Euhypnos Forte). The patients adjusted the dose to suit themselves up to a maximum of 60 mg. Nineteen patients found that one 20 mg capsule suited them best in spite of previous lack of response to two 10 mg capsules, and were thus excluded from the final analysis. Out of the remaining fifty-one patients, thirty five were best suited by 40 mg and sixteen by 60 mg of temazepam. Sleep was rated Very Good or Good by forty patients (78.4%) and significant hangover occurred in only four (7.8%), all of whom were on 40 mg. Adverse reactions were insignificant. Some observations by one author (CALM) on the significance of the results in the management of insomnia in general practice are included. PMID- 39859 TI - [Beta blockaders and the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 39858 TI - Unlinked control of multiple glucocorticoid-induced processes in HTC cells. AB - HTC cell variants chosen for their lack of tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5) (TAT) induction by glucocorticoids were tested for interrelated effects on other glucocorticoid responses: TAT induction by dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dBcAMP) +/- dexamethasone, glutamine synthetase (GS) induction, cyclic nucleotide phosphodieterase (PDE) suppression, inhibition of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) uptake, inhibition of plasminogen activator (PA), and induction of mouse mammary tumor virus (MTV). Loss of TAT induction by steroid was accompanied by loss of TAT induction by dBcAMP and of PDE suppression by steroid. In addition, subclones of MTV-infected cells were examined for the effect of the virus on glutamine synthetase (GS) and TAT induction. The virus had no effect on their induction in wild-type cells and no effect on GS induction in the variants. One MTV-infected subclone from a TAT variant, however, showed significant return of TAT induction. PMID- 39860 TI - [Adrenergic and beta blocking mechanisms]. PMID- 39861 TI - [Beta blocking agents and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 39862 TI - [Beta blockaders and the exercise test]. PMID- 39863 TI - [Proceedings of the 2d National Conference on Cardiac Electrostimulation]. PMID- 39864 TI - [Autoregulation of stimulation frequency by biological signals]. PMID- 39865 TI - The origins of unconjugated bilirubin in bile. AB - In order to investigate the origin of unconjugated bilirubin in bile, beta glucuronidase activity in rat and human bile was determined at various pH. beta Glucuronidase in rat and human bile had their optimum pH at 5.5 when phenolphthalein glucuronide and delta 1-azopigment were used as substrate, and at 6.0 when bile itself was incubated. In human and rat bile the hydrolysis was suppressed to a minimum at each physiologic pH. However, human bile shows remarkable hydrolysis in alkaline pH (7.5--8.0). On the other hand, when delta 1 azopigment was incubated in various buffers, several per cent of delta 1 azopigment were hydrolyzed non-enzymatically in neutral to alkaline pH. Thus, it was suggested that enzymatic and nonenzymatic hydrolysis contributes to the existence of unconjugated bilirubin in bile. PMID- 39866 TI - Serum glycoproteins in the liver diseases. VII. Further studies on the properties of desialylated glycoprotein binding activity in particulate fraction of human liver homogenate. AB - Binding of desialylated alpha 1-acid glycoprotein by human liver particulate fraction exhibited a dependence on the presence of calcium chloride whereas Cu+, Mn+, Zn+ Fe+ and Co+ inhibited the binding. The other cations such as K+, Na+, Ba+, Mg+ or Pb+ were determined to be non-effective on the binding activity. The pH of the assay for binding was not critical in the range of 6.5 to 9.5. The binding process required the presence of terminal sialic acid on the particulate protein. Fifty nine per cent of binding activity in the original liver paticulate fraction were recovered in acetone powder. Extraction of the acetone powder with a buffer containing EDTA resulted in an increased total binding activity. After extraction with 1--10% Triton X-100, 60% of the activity were still detected in insoluble fraction. PMID- 39867 TI - Proceedings of the 20th Autumn Meeting from October 19 20, and 21, 1978--Gifu, Japan. PMID- 39868 TI - Effects of histamine receptor antagonists on ion transport by isolated ileum of the rabbit. PMID- 39869 TI - Reflections on reflux gastritis. PMID- 39870 TI - Endoscopy and gastroenterology. PMID- 39871 TI - Gastric ECL, APUD, and enterochromaffin-like cells. PMID- 39872 TI - Reduction by cimetidine of acute gastric hemorrhage caused by reinfusion of blood after exposure to exogenous acid during gastric ischemia in rats. AB - The present study has been made in anesthetized rats to characterize conditions of exposure to acid and extent of ischemia which determine the development of gastric hemorrhage. Gastric hemorrhage occurred in rats subjected to shock during exposure of the gastric lumen to acid after the reinfusion of withdrawn blood. When the acid concentration was constant, bleeding was dependent on the degree of shock. When hemorrhage shock was constant, bleeding from the stomach appeared pH dependent, although this did not quite achieve statistical significance. Cimetidine 2 x 10(-6) mol kg-1 min-1 (30 mg kg-1 hr-1) and 1 x 10(-5) mol kg-1 min-1 (150 mg kg-1 hr-1) significantly reduced gastric hemorrhage whether given prophylactically before gastric injury or therapeutically after completion of gastric injury. Because protection can be demonstrated against an injury involving exogenous acid and after the injury has been established, it is probable that the effectiveness of cimetidine in these studies is independent of its antisecretory effects. PMID- 39873 TI - Fate of oral neutralizing antacid and its effect on postprandial gastric secretion and emptying. AB - The fate and neutralizing efficiency of oral antacids (aluminum and magnesium hydroxides) as well as their effect on postprandial gastric function were quantified in 6 patients with duodenal ulcer disease. We employed a double-marker technique for measurement of gastric secretion and emptying and combined this with back-titration of the gastric samples and analysis of aluminum to trace the fate of antacid in the stomach and duodenum. These studies show that: (a) antacid therapy with aluminum and magnesium hydroxides significantly increases gastric secretion; (b) intragastric neutralization of gastric acid produces a significant and substantial decrease in net acid output (acid secreted minus acid neutralized), but the beneficial effects of neutralization are partially offset by incomplete intragastric formation of aluminum trichloride; (c) most but not all of the ingested antacid is utilized in acid neutralization in the stomach (average 78.6% in our 6 patients); and (d) antacid therapy does not modify the absolute rate of postprandial gastric emptying, but increases dilution of gastric contents, expanding the intragastric volume. Thus, the fractional gastric emptying rate declines, and this, in turn, should enhance antacid utilization by delaying its emptying. PMID- 39874 TI - Environment and central neurotransmitters in relation to learning, memory and behavior. PMID- 39875 TI - Mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of propranolol. PMID- 39876 TI - Physical state of tyrosine hydroxylase in the ganglia and nerve endings. PMID- 39877 TI - Effects of ouabain and ethacrynic acid on the resting potentials of neuroepithelial cells in the inner ear. PMID- 39878 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 1979 meetings of the Genetics Society of America in conjunction with the Genetics Society of Canada Edmonton, Alberta, Canada August 20-22, 1979. PMID- 39879 TI - Effect of ethanol upon gastric emptying. AB - The effect of ethanol upon gastric emptying in healthy human subjects was studied by measuring the gastric emptying rates of three 750 ml meals, the osmolalities, energy densities, and pH of which were similar. Meal A, which contained 80 ml alcohol, emptied more rapidly than meal B, which contained 40 ml ethanol and 63.3 g dextrose; and meal B emptied more rapidly than meal C, which contained 126.6 g dextrose but no ethanol. The slower rate of emptying of the dextrose meal (C) was not due to an increased gastric secretory rate, as serial measurements of gastric pH were substantially and significantly higher with this than with the other two meals; nor was it due to a greater degree of duodenogastric reflux, as serial measurements of gastric bile acid concentrations were similar for the three meals. We conclude that the duodenal osmoreceptor mechanism is relatively insensitive to ethanol; that the relationship between energy density and gastric emptying rate does not hold in the case of ethanol; and that the gastro oesophageal reflux which occurs in response to ethanol is not due to impairment of gastric emptying. PMID- 39880 TI - Placental clearance of lactate and bicarbonate in sheep. AB - To determine the placental clearance of lactate and bicarbonate in sheep, the fetal side of an isolated cotyledon and the umbilical circulation of the total placenta were artificially perfused. The release and uptake of lactate and bicarbonate by the perfusion fluid and the fetomaternal concentration differences of these substances were measured. From these data, the clearance of lactate and bicarbonate was determined to be 0.9 (SE = 0.2) ml/h/g of placental tissue. The production of lactate by the placenta was calculated to be about 30 mumol/min, the placental permeability of lactate was evaluated to be about 1.3 ml/h/g of placental tissue. These results indicate that fetal concentration changes of lactate and bicarbonate due to placental transfer occur with a half time of about 4 h. It is concluded that the lactate and bicarbonate permeability of the syndesmochorial placenta of the sheep is about 20 times smaller than the placental permeability of the hemochorial placenta of the guinea pig. It seems unjustified to draw any conclusions from experimental data obtained in the sheep placenta for the transplacental acid-base balance between mother and fetus in human beings. PMID- 39881 TI - Effect of intestinal gamma-glutamyl transferase inhibitor on the amount of gamma glutamyl metabolites in mouse. AB - Experimental mice fed a balanced rodent chow, called LSM fodder, had markedly lower gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in the epithelium of intestinal villi then control mice fed wheat. After oral administration of gamma-14C glutamyglycine, oxidized 14C-glutathione or gamma-glutamyl-p-amino-benzoate the amounts of gamma-glutamyl substrates and their metabolites in intestines, livers and kidneys of experimental mice were significantly lower than those in control mice. L-serine simultaneously administered with gamma-14C-glutamylglycine reduced the radioactivity of gamma-glutamyl substances in organs of the control mice. No differences in organ radioactivity of experimental and control mice were observed when some uniformly labeled with 14C amino acids were given. The obtained results are not in aggreement with hypothesis on a role of gamma-glutamyl transferase in amino acid transport. PMID- 39882 TI - [Antibiotics therapy in chronic bronchitis]. AB - In chronic bronchitis antibiotic therapy is no causative therapy, because infection rarely is the beginning but the complication of an already existing airway disease. While sputum cultures are very limited in their value, blind chemotherapy of bacterial infections by substances like tetracycline, ampicilline, azidocilline or cotrimoxazole is allowed. In cases of additional obstruction a combination with corticosteroids sometimes may be useful. PMID- 39883 TI - [Therapy of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 39884 TI - [Clinical testing and presentation of a new hypnotic on the basis of benzodiazepines]. PMID- 39885 TI - [Risk of incompatibility reactions in the repeated use of contrast media in urography]. AB - In a prospective study 260 urographies were evaluated regarding clinical compatibility. In altogether 11% of the patients mild incompatibility reactions were observed (heat sensation, urticaria, nausea, vomiting). 29% of the patients with known prior contrast agent incompatibility suffered from anaphylactoid symptoms mostly of a subjective type (heat sensation, nausea). There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of objective symptoms (urticaria, vomiting) between patients with prior contrast media incompatibility (3%) and patients who had tolerated previous contrast media applications without symptoms (2%). PMID- 39886 TI - New decade brings new systems. AB - Be it employee development, patient education, or community health education, the task of the hospital educator in the future will require broader skills and knowledge. PMID- 39887 TI - Report of National Conference on Abortion. Abortion debaters urged to cease shouting match and to listen and learn. PMID- 39888 TI - Detection of aminochrome dimers in urine. PMID- 39889 TI - Reaction of the oligomeric forms of MOPC 167 IgA with antigen and a circular dichroism study of the binding of pneumococcal C substance by monomer IgA. PMID- 39890 TI - Effect of different dietary carbohydrates on some hepatic dehydrogenases and total lipid during starvation and refeeding regimen. AB - Lipogenic capacity of various dietary carbohydrates starch, glucose sucrose and lactose was tested during ad lib feeding and starvation followed by refeeding. Sucrose was found to have maximal effect on hepatic total lipid and the enzymes in the study followed by glucose and sago while lactose was found to be toxic. Starvation resulted depression in the activities of various enzymes. The enzyme activity inducing effect was again exhibited by sucrose diet during ad lib and restricted refeeding followed by starvation. PMID- 39891 TI - Production of heat-stable, methanol-soluble enterotoxin by Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - Seven isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:8, recovered during an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness, were examined for enterotoxin production. All seven strains were enterotoxigenic in the suckling mouse model, and three of five isolates tested produced keratoconjunctivitis in the guinea pig eye model (Sereny test). Enterotoxin was detected in broth supernatant fluid after 12 h of incubation at 25 degrees C. The toxin was not inactivated by exposure to 121 degrees C for 30 min or by storage at 4 or -40 degrees C for at least 5 months. The enterotoxin was also acid stable and methanol soluble. Methanol extraction did not affect its heat stability or enterotoxic activity in suckling mice. These physical characteristics plus limited ultrafiltration studies suggest that the enterotoxin is a low-molecular-weight substance. Y. enterocolitica enterotoxin resembles Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin in heat and pH stability, methanol solubility, and enterotoxic activity in suckling mice. However, its role in the pathogenesis of human diarrhea has not been established. PMID- 39892 TI - Killing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by human polymorphonuclear neutrophil granule extracts. AB - Neisseria gonorrhoeae was grown in vitro (on agar and in broth) and in vivo (in 10-day chicken embryos) and tested for its sensitivity to the bactericidal action of human neutrophil granule extracts. Under all conditions studied, type 1 and type 4 N. gonorrhoeae were killed equally well by dialyzed extracts of neutrophil granules (containing both azurophil and specific granule contents) and by the myeloperoxidase-Cl- - H2O2 bactericidal system. However, sensitivity to the bactericidal activity of granule extracts depended upon growth conditions and growth phase. Log-phase, egg-grown gonococci were the most sensitive; they were killed 100% by 250 to 300 micrograms of granule extract (60 min, 37 degrees C) per ml. N. gonorrhoeae grown on agar for 20 h (to stationary phase) were the least sensitive, being killed only 80 to 90% with 500 micrograms of granule extract per ml. Thus, susceptibility to granule extract of gonococci grown under the four conditions studied in this report decreased in the order: log phase, egg grown; log phase, broth grown; stationary phase, egg grown; and stationary phase, agar grown. Killing was time and temperature dependent; little killing occurred when incubations were done at 10 degrees C. Boiled granule extract had only minimal effects on N. gonorrhoeae viability. Addition of catalase (500 U/ml) to the granule extract bactericidal system did not protect; however, the same concentration of catalase completely inhibited the bactericidal activity of the myeloperoxidase-Cl- - H2O2 system. PMID- 39893 TI - Purification and chemical characterization of the heat-labile enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) produced by a human strain of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (286C(2)) was purified to homogeneity from pH extracts of fermentor-grown cells by ultrafiltration, (NH(4))(2)SO(4) fractionation, hydrophobic chromatography on norleucine-Sepharose 4B, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and Bio-Gel P-150 filtration. Purified LT preparations exhibited biological activity comparable to that of cholera toxin in four bioassays specific for the two enterotoxins (Y-1 adrenal tumor cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, pigeon erythrocyte lysates, and skin permeability test). The overall yield of LT protein was 20%, which represented a 500-fold purification over pH extracts. A native molecular weight of 73,000 was determined by gel electrophoresis. The toxin dissociated upon treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate, pH 7.0, into two components with molecular weights of 44,000 and 30,000. Purified LT preparations were remarkably stable over a wide range of storage conditions, temperatures, and pH's. The biological activity was increased by incubation with trypsin and completely destroyed by pronase and proteinase K, whereas deoxyribonuclease I, ribonuclease, and phospholipase D had no effect. The amino acid composition of purified LT was quite different from that of cholera toxin. Neither carbohydrate nor lipopolysaccharide was present in purified preparations. The purification scheme appeared applicable to LT produced by other human and porcine enterotoxigenic strains, but reflected the amount of LT produced by each strain. These data show that LT and cholera toxin share many common chemical and physical properties, but must be purified by different techniques. PMID- 39894 TI - Mechanism of action of Yersinia enterocolitica enterotoxin. AB - Enterotoxin derived from three clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica was compared with the heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. Both toxins were biologically active in infant mice examined at 2 h and in ligated rabbit ileal loops at 6 h. Neither substance, however, produced changes in ligated ileal loops at 18 h or in Chinese hamster ovary or Y1 adrenal tissue cultures. In addition, both Y. enterocolitica enterotoxin concentrated approximately 20 times by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultrafiltration and a similarly prepared sample of E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin stimulated the activity of guanylate cyclase but not that of adenylate cyclase in infant mouse intestine. These findings suggest that the role of enterotoxin in the pathogenesis of intestinal Y.enterocolitica infection may be similar to that of heat-stable enterotoxin in E. coli diarrhea. PMID- 39895 TI - Evidence for pili-mediated adherence of Klebsiella pneumoniae to rat bladder epithelial cells in vitro. AB - The possible role of pili in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied in an in vitro mixture of a phosphate buffered saline suspension of rat bladder epithelial cells and phosphate-buffered saline-washed K. pneumoniae. Nonpiliated and piliated populations derived from a single K. pneumoniae strain were obtained by controlling the total time of growth in broth medium. The piliated phase demonstrated a significant increase in adherence when compared to the nonpiliated phase. Incubation of the bacteria and epithelial cell mixture at 4 and 37 degrees C resulted in no differences in adherence; optimal adherence occurred at pH 5. Pretreatment of the bacteria with enzymes to destroy the pili resulted in a decrease in adherence, as did killing the bacteria by various means before adherence testing. Pretreatment of the epithelial cells with certain saccharides inhibited bacterial adherence. Finally, a 96% decrease in adherence was observed after coincubation of bacteria and epithelial cells with papain-treated antipili antibodies. Thus, it appears that pili on the surface of K. pneumoniae mediate attachment of the bacteria to rat bladder epithelial cells. PMID- 39896 TI - Purification and characterization of the CFA/I antigen of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - The fimbral colonization factor antigen CFA/I of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was purified and characterized. The initial purification step was release of these fimbriae from the bacterial cells by homogenization with a Waring blender. Common fimbriae and flagellar antigen were avoided by careful control of growth conditions and the use of a nonmotile (H-) mutant of the prototype strain H-10407 (O78:H11). The essential purification steps were membrane filtration (Millipore Corp.), ammonium sulfate fractionation, and negative diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex column chromatography. Yields were approximately 4.0 mg of CFA/I protein per g (wet weight) of bacteria. Purified CFA/I is a fimbrial molecule 7.0 nm in diameter and has an average molecular weight of 1.6 X 10(6), as determined by sedimentation equilibrium. CFA/I is a polymer of identical subunits of molecular weight 23,800 with an N-terminal valine, 37% hydrophobic amino acid residues, and 11 residues of proline per mol. The purified antigen retains its morphology, antigenicity, and biological activity. Purified antigen retains its morphology, antigenicity, and biological activity. Purified CFA/I exhibits mannose-resistant hemagglutination of human group A, bovine, and chicken erythrocytes, as do CFA/I positive bacteria. This was demonstrated by sensitizing latex microbeads with the purified antigen since cell-free CFA/I fimbriae do not hemagglutinate erythrocytes. Thus, CFA/I detached from the bacteria are monovalent; however, purified CFA/I antigen retains an affinity for the epithelial cells of rabbit small intestine and blocks adhesion of CFA/I-positive bacteria. These results demonstrate that purified CFA/I is a good candidate for use in an oral vaccine for immunoprotection against diarrhea caused by CFA/I-positive enterotoxigenic E. coli. PMID- 39897 TI - Fimbrial hemagglutinin in stationary and shake cultures of Bordetella pertussis. AB - Bordetella pertussis produced hemagglutinin in stationary cultures; in cultures kept under constant shaking, hemagglutinin was found only during the first 48 h of incubation but not after 3 to 5 days. The type of medium had a pronounced effect on production of hemagglutinin. Strain differences in ability to produce hemagglutinin were also detected. PMID- 39898 TI - Murine lymphoma alkaline phosphatase: a cell membrane carcinofetal enzyme. AB - Alkaline phosphatase (APase) has been shown to have a membrane-bound localization in the murine fetal thymus, in murine thymic lymphoma and in adult spleen. Since it was suggested from these previous experiments that the lymphoma APase might represent an embryonic function, a detailed biochemical comparison of the lymphoma APase with the fetal thymus, placenta, fetus and spleen APases was performed. The parameters investigated were pH optimum, activation, inhibition, heat inactivation, substrate ratios, Michaelis constant, and electrophoretic analysis in the presence and absence of neuraminidase with the substrates alpha naphthyl phosphate, beta-glycerophosphate, and p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The results indicate that the lymphoma APase is very similar to the fetal thymus, placenta and spleen APases. Furthermore, these results lend support to the hypothesis that the APase activity which appears in thymic lymphoma might represent a derepressed embryonic function. Thus, the murine lymphoma APase may be termed a cell membrane carcinofetal enzyme. PMID- 39899 TI - Hemodynamic changes in hypertensive patients at rest and during physical exercise before and after acute i.v. administration of bufuralol-HCl or propranolol. AB - The hemodynamic effects of 20 mg Bufuralol-HCl and of 15 mg Propranolol given to hypertensives i.v. at rest and under physical exercise conditions were examined. It could be shown that Bufuralol-HCl lowered the diastolic BP and PR at rest already in the acute experiment, contrary to Propranolol. Under physical exercise conditions the diastolic BP is lowered, the PR remains unchanged in spite of reduced CO. After exclusion of other possible explanations, Bufuralol-HCl may lower the diastolic BP acutely at least partly by inhibition of cerebral beta receptors. A faster and better liquor diffusion could be the reason for these results. It can be assumed that the acute BP lowering effect is mediated by the same mechanism as the chronic effect of the other beta-receptor blocking drugs. PMID- 39900 TI - A double-blind study of melperone and placebo in hospitalized chronic alcoholics in postintoxication phase. AB - In a double-blind study in chronic alcoholics melperone (Buronil) was shown to significantly improve muscular and nervous tension, emotional lability, somatization, ability to sleep, anxiety, depression, paranoid ideation and presumed ability to work, but had no effect on alcoholic craving. The results received from three rating scales, and the theoretical aspects of alcoholism are discussed. PMID- 39901 TI - Oxidative deamination of thialysine by snake venom L-aminoacid oxidase. AB - Thialysine is oxidatively deaminated by snake venom L-aminoacid oxidase at alkaline pH. The oxygen consumption curves show a characteristic diphasic course: the quick uptake of half a mole of oxygen per mole of substrate, in aggreement with a typical oxidative deamination, is followed by a slow extra oxygen consumption. The first product of the reaction is the corresponding alpha-oxo epsilon-amino acid, which spontaneously cyclizes to the internal Schiff base 5-6 dihydro-delta 3,1,4-thiazin-3-carboxylic acid (TZCA). This latter has been identified by its UV absorption spectrum, by some chemical reactions, by paper chromatography, and by the production of cystamine and glyoxylic acid after prolonged oxidation of thialysine followed by acid hydrolysis. The possibility of an alpha-beta elimination reaction giving rise to cysteamine from thialysine, coupled to the oxidative deamination, has been excluded. PMID- 39902 TI - [42d Annual Congress of the German Society for Accident Medicine, 23 to 25 November 1978, Berlin]. PMID- 39903 TI - [Open maxillofacial injuries]. PMID- 39904 TI - [Surgery of the adrenals]. AB - With 131 operated patients in the University Hospital of Urology in Zurich the indication for surgery in the 4 most frequent groups of adrenal disease is discussed. The preoperative localization of the tumor is exact in 96% of all cases with the serum examination in different stage of the vena cava. The appearance of hypertensive and hypotensive crises during surgery can be prevented with an adequate alpha-adrenergic blockade and volume replacement before and during the operation. In the surgery of Morbus Cushing we prefer the bilateral, dorsal incision on the 11th rib, if we haven't an unilateral adenoma. In the cases of Conn disease the removal of the whole surroundings of the adrenal gland is additionally indicated. The prognosis of the carcinoma of surrenal glands is poor, the adrenalectomy is difficult with regard to the early infiltration, the illness is seldom stopped on account of the frequent metastatic formation. PMID- 39905 TI - [Plastic surgical reconstruction of cutaneous loss of the heel or sole of the foot with sensitive free flaps]. AB - In cases of total cutaneous loss of the heel or extensive cutaneous loss of the sole of the foot, the plastic surgical reconstruction by use of classical pediculated flaps requires following: - an adequate physical condition and articulations capable of enduring prolonged bed confinement in a position which is frequently uncomfortable; - a minimum of two operating procedures. It should be kept in mind that these free flaps are always insensitive and therefore subject to recurrence of wounding and trophic ulcers, etc. In order to avoid these drawbacks the authors suggest the use of a sensitive free flap, in which the neurovascular bundle is anastomosed to the existing bundle in the foot, using microsurgical techniques. Amongst the possible sensitive free flaps the authors favor the use of a sensitive latero-thoracic free flap. A detailed description of this free flap technique, its advantages and disadvantages for use in this kind of problem is described in their article. A clinical case is presented. PMID- 39906 TI - [Annual Congress of the Swiss Paediatric Society. Neuchatel 15-17 June 1979. Abstracts of reports, communications and poster sessions]. PMID- 39907 TI - Variable pH dependence of the myosin-ATPase in different muscles of the rat. AB - For the histochemical demosntration of the Myosin-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) the pH of both the preincubation and the incubation medium was varied in steps of 1 within a range: 10.2 to 10.5 and 9.3 to 9.9, respectively. The optimum combinations of both pH values, defined as the ones providing most consistent contrast among the three major types of muscle fibers were determined in 9 different muscles of the rat. The spectrum of optimum combinations differs considerably from muscle to muscle. The reduction of the incubation pH by only 0.1 may drastically change the staining pattern. This probably reflects the unspecificity of the histochemical procedure as well as the plasticity of the ATPase systems. To cope with the lability of the myosin-ATPase the optimum pH values of both media should be determined for each muscle separately. PMID- 39908 TI - Proceedings of the Twenty-Third National Osteopathic Research Conference: part 2. PMID- 39909 TI - Proceedings of the Twenty-Third National Osteopathic Research Conference: part 3. PMID- 39910 TI - Proceedings of the Twenty-Third National Osteopathic Research Conference: Part 4. PMID- 39911 TI - Renal infection stones. PMID- 39912 TI - Case report: Mesenteric cyst causing partial intestinal obstruction. PMID- 39913 TI - Case report: Bronchogenic carcinoma in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 39914 TI - Hypersensitivity reactions and cytotoxic effects. PMID- 39915 TI - Arthritis with mass on chest X-ray. PMID- 39916 TI - An interview with ISMS' Committee on Continuing Medical Education Accreditation. PMID- 39917 TI - A ten year follow-up of lithium use. PMID- 39918 TI - Bridging the gap in communication among nurses: use of the teleconference. PMID- 39919 TI - Problem solving as a method of teaching strategies in classroom and clinical teaching. PMID- 39920 TI - Fostering the research attitude. PMID- 39921 TI - An investigation of the effects of clinical experience on cognitive gains. PMID- 39922 TI - Out of the desk and onto the stage: an experiment in assertive role playing. PMID- 39923 TI - Baccalaureate education and gerontology. PMID- 39924 TI - A nursing student experience in a psychiatric activity program. PMID- 39925 TI - Improving relationships between nursing service and education in the clinical agency. PMID- 39926 TI - pH-dependent effects of the alkali-metal ions on intestinal brush-border sucrase. PMID- 39927 TI - The interaction of phosphofructokinase with erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 39928 TI - 8-Mercaptoflavins as active site probes of flavoenzymes. AB - Representative examples of the various classes of flavoproteins have been converted to their apoprotein forms and the native flavin replaced by 8-mercapto FMN or 8-mercapto-FAD. The spectral and catalytic properties of the modified enzymes are characteristically different from one group to another; the results suggest that flavin interactions at positions N(1) or N(5) of the flavin chromophore have profound influences on the properties of the flavoprotein. 1. The 8-thiolate anion form of 8-mercaptoflavin has an absorption maximum in the region 520 to 550 nm epsilon approximately 30 mM-1 cm-1). This form is retained on binding to flavoproteins whose physiological reactions involve obligatory one electron transfers (e.g. flavodoxin, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase). In the native form these enzymes stabilize the blue neutral radical of the flavin. A radical form of 8-mercaptoflavin is also stabilized by these proteins. 2. The p quinoid form of 8-mercaptoflavin has an absorption maximum in the range 560 to 600 nm (epsilon approximately 30 mM-1 cm-1). This form is stabilized on binding to flavoproteins of the dehydrogenase-oxidase class (e.g. glucose oxidase, D amino acid oxidase, lactate oxidase, Old Yellow Enzyme). These same enzymes in their native flavin form stabilize the red semiquinone, and have a pronounced reactivity with sulfite to form flavin N(5)-sulfite adducts. These properties of the native enzyme, including the ability to react with nitroalkane carbanions, are not exhibited by the 8-mercaptoflavoproteins. 3. A group of flavoenzymes fails to conform strictly to the above classification, exhibiting some properties of both classes. These include the examples of flavoprotein hydroxylases and transhydrogenases studied. 4. The riboflavin-binding protein of hen egg whites binds 8-mercaptoriboflavin preferentially in the unionized state, resulting in a shift in pK from 3.8 with free 8-mercaptoriboflavin to greater than or equal to 9.0 with the protein-bound form. PMID- 39929 TI - Comparison of the substrate specificity of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate- and guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinases. Kinetic studies using synthetic peptides corresponding to phosphorylation sites in histone H2B. AB - The substrate specificities of cyclic GMP-dependent and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases have been compared by kinetic analysis using synthetic peptides as substrates. Both enzymes catalyzed the transfer of phosphate from ATP to calf thymus histone H2B, as well as to two synthetic peptides, Arg-Lys-Arg-Ser32-Arg Lys-Glu and Arg-Lys-Glu-Ser36-Tyr-Ser-Val, corresponding to the amino acid sequences around serine 32 and serine 36 in histone H2B. Serine 38 in the latter peptide was not phosphorylated by either enzyme. Cyclic GMP-dependent kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent kinase catalyzed the incorporation of 1.1 and 2.0 mol of phosphate/mol of histone H2B, respectively. The phosphorylation of histone H2B, respectively. The phosphorylation of histone H2B by cyclic GMP-dependent kinase showed two distinct optima as the magnesium concentration was increased. However, the phosphorylation of either synthetic peptide by this enzyme was depressed at high magnesium concentrations. As the pH of reaction mixtures was elevated from pH 6 to pH 9, the rate of phosphorylation of Arg-Lys-Arg-Ser32-Arg-Lys-Glu by cyclic GMP-dependent kinase continually increased. Acetylation of the NH2 terminus of the peptide did not qualitatively affect this pH profile, but did increase the Vmax value of the enzyme 3-fold. The apparent Km and Vmax values for the phosphorylation of Arg-Lys-Arg-Ser32-Arg-Lys-Glu by cyclic GMP-dependent kinase were 21 microM and 4.4 mumol/min/mg, respectively. The synthetic peptide Arg-Lys-Glu-Ser36-Tyr-Ser-Val was a relatively poor substrate for cyclic GMP dependent kinase, exhibiting a Km value of 732 microM, although the Vmax was 12 micromol/min/mg. With histone H2B as substrate for the cyclic GMP-dependent kinase, two different Km values were apparent. The Km values for cyclic AMP dependent kinase for either synthetic peptide were approximately 100 microM, but the Vmax for Arg-Lys-Arg-Ser32-Arg-Lys-Glu was 1.1 mumol/min/mg, while the Vmax for Arg-Lys-Glu-Ser36-Tyr-Ser-Val was 16.5 mumol/min/mg. These data suggest that although the two cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases have similar substrate specificities, the determinants dictated by the primary sequence around the two phosphorylation sites in histone H2B are different for the two enzymes. PMID- 39930 TI - Re-evaluation of the solution structure of acyl carrier protein. PMID- 39931 TI - Partial characterization of the acidic and basic polypeptides of glycinin. AB - The subunits of the 11 S storage protein from soybean cultivar CX635-1-1-1 were purified and characterized. Six polypeptides with acidic isoelectric points and four with basic isoelectric points were isolated from the purified storage protein. The acidic polypeptides had phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, and arginine at the NH2 termini, while the basic polypeptides all had glycine at the NH2 termini. Amino acid analysis indicated that certain acidic and basic polypeptides contained 3 to 6 times more methionine than the other polypeptides. Since the low nutritional quality of legume storage proteins is due to a deficiency in methionine, this observation will have significance in efforts to improve soybean quality. The purified polypeptides were further characterized by NH2-terminal sequence analysis. Considerable homology was found between the members of individual families of acidic and basic polypeptides, indicating that the members of each family arose from a common ancestral gene. This study showed that the glycinin polypeptide composition is more complex than previous reports indicated, and for the first time characterized the various polypeptides of the 11 S storage protein by structural analysis. PMID- 39932 TI - Mechanism responsible for 5-(tetradecyloxy)-2-furoic acid inhibition of hepatic lipogenesis. PMID- 39933 TI - H+/site, charge/site, and ATP/site ratios at coupling site III in mitochondrial electron transport. PMID- 39934 TI - Thermodynamics and kinetics of the H+ pump in mitochondrial electron transport. PMID- 39935 TI - Natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of anthopleurin-A, a cardiac stimulant from the sea anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica. AB - Natural-abundance 13C NMR spectra (at 15.04 MHz) of the polypeptide cardiac stimulant Anthopleurin-A are presented. The spectra contain many resolved one- and two-carbon resonances from carbonyl and aromatic carbons and a few resolved resonances from aliphatic carbons. Most of these have been assigned to individual carbons in the protein. The effect of pH on the 13C spectrum has been investigated. In conjunction with the resonance assignments, this yields estimates for the pK alpha values of the COOH-terminal and NH2-terminal residues, the side chain carboxylate of 1 of the 2 aspartic acid residues, and the imidazolium groups of the 2 histidine residues. The effects of the lanthanides La3+ and Gd3+ on the spectrum have also been studied. The results suggest that there are at least two binding sites, and further studies will be required to characterize these before they can be utilized as an aid in structural mapping. Finally, the results are discussed in relation to a postulated model for the mode of action of Anthopleurin-A. PMID- 39936 TI - A resonance Raman and electronic absorption probe of membrane energization. Quinaldine red in cells of Streptococcus faecalis. AB - Resonance Raman and electronic absorption spectra were used to show that the state of an amphiphilic cation, relative to dilute aqueous solution, changes when it is accumulated by cells of Streptococcus faecalis when they are energized. The general characteristics of the cation employed, quinaldine red, closely paralleled those of other amphiphilic cations which have been used to measure membrane potential. A major aspect of the change is that in sodium-loaded cells, essentially all of the quinaldine red accumulated as the result of energization forms a strong bond with an anionic group. This binding is similar to that which occurs for the basal level of quinaldine red taken up in nonenergized cells. Ionic binding was detected using resonance Raman spectroscopy through shifts associated with a N+ parallel C--C parallel C stretching vibration to lower frequency on uptake. Another aspect of the change in state is that the cell localized probe cation can aggregate while ionically bonded in a card pack fashion, the transition dipoles being parallel. A combination of resonance Raman and electronic absorption spectroscopy was used to characterize this aggregation. The aggregates were estimated to contain at least five quinaldine red cations at or near van der Waals contact, and the presence of other molecules, such as phospholipids, could not be excluded. Aggregation effects are complex depending on the ratio of cells to probe cation, and on energization. The site of binding is suggested to be the lipid bilayer region of the plasma membrane on the basis of experiments with liposomes and other model systems. In addition, some quinaldine red may be present in the cytoplasm in an aggregated, ionically bound form. The change in state on uptake following energization seems to be associated with a membrane potential, similar spectral and uptake effects being produced by an artificially generated membrane potential in cells and liposomes. The results show that membrane potential cannot be computed in a simple manner from the distribution of quinaldine red between cells and medium, assuming that the thermodynamic activity coefficient of cell-localized material is identical with that in dilute aqueous solution. However, uptake as well as subsequent ionic binding of quinaldine red seems to be related to potential in an as yet undefined manner. PMID- 39937 TI - Novel mannitol-containing oligosaccharides obtained by mild alkaline borohydride treatment of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan from brain. AB - Mannitol-containing oligosaccharides have been isolated from a rat brain proteoglycan after mild alkaline borohydride treatment under conditions which prevent "peeling." Their structural properties were studied by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of disaccharides as their trimethylsilylated and permethylated derivatives, methylation, analysis, specific degradations, and CrO3 oxidation. The following components were identified: Gal(beta 1 leads to 4) [Fuc(alpha 1 leads to 3)]GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 3)Manol,GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 3)Manol, and Manol. Evidence was also obtained for the occurrence of a sialylated oligosaccharide and another (possibly sulfated) acidic oligosaccharide, both having the sequence GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 3)Manol at their proximal ends. These mannitol-containing oligosaccharides constitute a novel group of alkali-labile oligosaccharides in mammalian glycoconjugates. The origin of the oligosaccharides and the possible occurrence of a carbohydrate-peptide linkage involving mannose are discussed. PMID- 39938 TI - Collagen cross-linking. Purification of lysyl oxidase in solvents containing nonionic detergents. PMID- 39939 TI - H+/site, charge/site, and ATP/site ratios at coupling sites I and II in mitochondrial e- transport. PMID- 39941 TI - Summary of the IABS Congress on Standardization and Use of Vaccines in the Developing World. PMID- 39940 TI - Studies on human liver alpha-galactosidases. I. Purification of alpha galactosidase A and its enzymatic properties with glycolipid and oligosaccharide substrates. PMID- 39942 TI - Energy cost of walking with lesions of the foot. AB - The oxygen consumption during walking was measured in patients affected by chronic lesions of the foot. Only subjects with rigidity of the talocalcaneal joint showed increased oxygen consumption, which reached 5 to 20 per cent above normal. They also showed an increased step frequency, probably as a compensatory mechanism to reduce the mechanical work performed during each step. PMID- 39943 TI - Effects of low electrolyte media on salt loss and hemolysis of mammalian red blood cells. AB - Cation loss and hemolysis of various mammalian red cells suspended in isotonic non-electrolyte media were investigated. Sucrose buffered with 10 mM Tris-Hepes, pH 7.4 was used as the non-permeable non-electrolyte. Mammals from which the red cells were derived include the human, guinea pig, rat, rabbit, newborn calf, newborn piglet and pig, all of which contain K as the predominant cation species (HK type) and the dog, cat, sheep and cow, all of which possess Na as the predominant cation species (LK type). Of HK cells, a rapid efflux of K takes place from humans, rats and guinea pigs. Of LK type cells, the dog and cat exhibit an augmented membrane permeability to Na. The governing factors which influence cation permeability are the change in pH, temperature, and ionic strength. In response to increase in pH, the red cells of humans, dogs and cats become more permeable to cations, whereas the red cells of rat and rabbit are unaffected. In response to increase in temperature, HK type cells exhibit augmented K efflux, while the Na loss from the dog and cat cells manifest a well defined maximum at near 37 degrees C. In all cases, a small substitution of sucrose by an equal number of osmoles of salts results in a dramatic decrease in cation loss. By contrast, the red cells of the rabbit, newborn calf, adult cow, newborn piglet, adult pig and sheep display no discernible increase in ion permeability under the conditions alluded to above. In some species including the newborn calf, dog, and cat, an extensive hemolysis occurs usually within an hour in isotonic buffered sucrose solution. The osmolarity of sucrose solution affects these cells differently in that as the osmolarity increases from 200--500 mM, hemolytic rates of the calf and dog reach a saturation near 300 mM sucrose, whereas the hemolytic rate of the cat decreases progressively. Common features pertaining to this hemolysis are (1) the intracellular alkalinization process; and (2) the diminution of the cell volume which take place prior to and onset of hemolysis. SITS, a potent anion transport inhibitor, completely protects the cells from hemolysis by inhibiting chloride flux and the concomitant rise in intracellular pH. PMID- 39944 TI - [Malignant tumour of the testis abdominal cryptorchism revealed by torsion of the spermatic cord and diagnosed by arteriography (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a case of torsion of an intra-abdominal choriocarcinoma of the testis, in which the pre-operative diagnosis was made by aortic arteriography. The association of the two remains rare, as a review of literature proved. The orchidopexy if it does not tend to prevent the possibility of malignant change gives an easier follow-up and an earlier diagnosis. PMID- 39945 TI - Radioimmunoassay of a basic somatomedin: comparison of various assay techniques and somatomedin levels in various sera. AB - Purification of a basic somatomedin (SM), with similarity to SM-C and insulin like growth factor, from human plasma Cohn fraction IV-1 enabled development of a RIA based on this SM.SM antiserum was produced by immunizing rabbits with partially purified SM. This antiserum (final dilution, 1:50,000) specifically bound approximately 40% of added [125I]-SM in this RIA. The RIA sensitivity was 2 x 10(-4) U immunoreactive SM (IRSM). Highly purified SM-C, insulin-like growth factor 1, and our SM revealed parallel and approximately equipotent dose-response curves in this RIA; rat SM and multiplication stimulation activity revealed less cross-reactivity. IRSM was detected in sera of all species tested except fish. Acidification of sera, without subsequent chromatography, before assay permitted measurement of total IRSM with either an equilibrium or nonequilibrium RIA technique. Acidification of serum appears to increase SM-binding capacity while decreasing binding affinity of the 20,000--50,000 mol wt proteins in serum. The mean (+/- SEM) IRSM concentrations in sera from normals and patients with acromegaly, hypopituitarism, GH deficiency before/after treatment, and Laron dwarfism were 1.45 +/- 0.17, 5.49 +/- 0.48, 0.19 +/- 0.07, 0.10 +/- 0.02/0.64 +/- 0.45, and 0.25 +/- 0.11 U/ml, respectively, compared to a pooled normal human serum reference standard which was designated to contain 1 IRSM U/ml. Measurements of total IRSM (bound and free) in serum may not accurately reflect SM bioactivity and will require interpretative caution. PMID- 39946 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide antigen in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Sensitivity and specificity were determined for purified antigen preparations. Specificity was also evaluated in the rabbit meningitis model, and the sensitivity was compared to counterimmunoelectrophoresis, using the infected rabbits' cerebrospinal fluid and serum. The ELISA was a specific technique for detecting S. pneumoniae antigen. ELISA was 25 times more sensitive than counterimmunoelectrophoresis for purified antigen and resulted in an increased positivity of the cerebrospinal fluid and serum from infected rabbits. ELISA should prove very useful in the diagnosis of pneumococcal infections. PMID- 39947 TI - Graded imagination and relaxation as components of experimental desensitization: a psychophysiological evaluation. AB - Studied the effects of aversive imagery gradation and muscular relaxation as procedural variables within desensitization by using (pre-vs. posttreatment) peripherally cued electrodermal responsivity as the dependent-variable measure of fear. There was no evidence that experimental desensitization or any of its procedural components yielded attenuated electrodermal responsivity to the peripheral fear cue. Because this result derives from a relatively well-done study, it poses a challenge to widespread notions about the vehicle of therapeutic effects from desensitization. PMID- 39948 TI - The desensitization derby: in vivo down the backstretch, imaginal at the wire? AB - Recontacted 17 Ss who had undergone successful imaginal or in vivo desensitization for snake phobia and had been evaluated pre- and posttreatment for a 9-month follow-up. Main findings were that: (a) overall treatment gains were maintained through the follow-up period; (b) differential gains in favor of the in vivo technique on one behavioral and two self-report snake-specific criteria were dissipated; and (c) imaginal Ss registered a reduction in self rated fear during an approach task from posttesting to follow-up. Results are discussed in relation to the notion of cognitive rehearsal as a means of self reinforcing treatment gains. PMID- 39949 TI - The abrupt discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment. AB - Although deleterious events following abrupt withdrawal of antihypertensive treatment are relatively uncommon, considerable attention has recently been focused on this problem. A withdrawal syndrome may occur after termination of almost all types of antihypertensive drugs, but most experience has been with the centrally acting agents and with beta-adrenoreceptor blockers. Abrupt discontinuation of high doses of centrally acting drugs such as alpha-methyldopa, clonidine, and guanabenz can produce a syndrome of sympathetic overactivity that includes agitation, headache, sweating, and nausea and less commonly can provoke rapid upswings in blood pressure. If beta blockers are suddenly stopped, a similar pattern can occur that may be related to excessive activity of thyroid hormones as well as sympathetic factors. Additionally, patients with ischemic heart disease may be susceptible to an acute exacerbation of their cardiac disease when beta-blocker treatment is stopped. It seems likely that discontinuation events can be particularly severe when combinations of different types of antihypertensive medications are sud-disease when betablocker treatment is denly stopped. This problem can be dealt with by educating patients to avoid sudden drug cessation and when elective discontinuation is planned, by gradual dose reduction. PMID- 39950 TI - Munchausen syndrome. A podiatric presentation. PMID- 39951 TI - [International congress concerning intra-ocular lenses]. PMID- 39952 TI - Mechanisms underlying hormone effects on pineal function: a model for the study of integrative neuroendocrine processes. PMID- 39954 TI - [A study of the comparative efficiency of ifenprodil and ritodrine in the treatment of threatened premature labour (author's transl)]. AB - The study compares a sequential test of a beta mimetic drug (ritodrine) and an alpha inhibitor (ifenoprodil) to show that the beta mimetic drug is superior in treating threatened premature labour, because it has a success rate of 90 per cent whereas the second has a success rate of 45 per cent. Ritodrine produces secondary effects in 69 per cent of cases. PMID- 39953 TI - [The influence of present therapeutic methods and especially of beta-blockers on fetal and maternal prognosis in hypertensive syndromes in pregnancy. 43 case records (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied 43 cases of arterial hypertension in pregnancy in an attempt to determine the efficiency and safety of different anti-hypertensive drugs. The patients were divided into two major groups: arterial hypertension which revealed itself during pregnancy (true toxaemias of pregnancy and relapsing toxaemias), and arterial hypertensions which were added on to a pre-existing pathology (arterial hypertension, diabetes, chronic nephritis). The cases in these different classes were then divided into two definite groups according to the need for therapy: the first group was treated by rest and hydrallazine as a single therapeutic agent. In the second group multiple agents were needed because of the arterial hypertension, and one was a beta-blocker. Complications were found particularly in the second group of true toxaemias of pregnancy where unfortunately 5 fetal deaths occurred that were attributable to the severity of the hypertension more than to the beta-blockers, which were administered for longer and in higher doses without major complications in recurrent toxaemias and pre-existing arterial hypertension cases. PMID- 39955 TI - Inheritance of lysozyme deficiency in rabbits. AB - The phenotypes of 273 offspring of 56 matings of various genotypes of lysozyme deficient and normal New Zealand white rabbits were analyzed. It was determined that lysozyme deficiency of rabbits is inherited as an autosomal recessive with complete penetrance. The symbol ld is suggested for the gene for lysozyme deficiency. Further studies on the nature of the condition revealed that the lysozyme deficiency was not due to a lysozyme that was cold labile, or to a lysozyme that was so tightly bound it was unavailable for enzymatic assay, or to a lysozyme with a variant pH optimum. It was demonstrated, however, that the pH profile of the lysozyme remaining in the ld/ld rabbits was different from that found in normal rabbits. PMID- 39962 TI - Nonspecific suppressor cells in patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease after marrow grafting. AB - Forty-four human long-term survivors after marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia or hematologic malignancy were studied for the presence of circulating nonspecific suppressor cells. Twenty-two of the patients were healthy and 22 had mild to moderately severe chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD). Patient mononuclear cells (of donor origin) were tested for their ability to suppress the responses of lymphocytes obtained from the respective marrow donors to alloantigens in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) and/or to concanavalin A (Con A). Tests were carried out between 199 and 2393 (median 376) days after transplantation. Cells from only 1 of 22 patients without chronic GVHD showed suppression of donor cell blastogeneis responses. In contrast, cells from 11 of 22 patients with chronic GVHD showed more than 30% suppression of donor cell responses in MLC and/or to Con A. The finding of suppressor cells was not related to the time of testing after grafting nor to immmunosuppressive therapy. Nonspecific suppressor activity was abrogated by irradiation with 1600 rads in vitro in five of six cases tested. Nonspecific suppressor cells may be one explanation for the severe combined immunodeficiency and the recurrent infectious complications characteristic of patients with chronic GVHD. PMID- 39963 TI - Local xenogeneic graft-vs-host reaction: a practical assessment of T cell function among cancer patients. AB - The local xenogeneic graft-vs-host reaction (XGVHR) was used as a practical bioassay to assess T lymphocyte function and immunocompetence among cancer patients. Positive XGVHR was found in 99.5% of normal donors, 70% of cancer patients with early stage disease, and 30% of cancer patients with metastatic disease (p less than 0.001). A minimum of 4.5 x 10(6) immunocompetent T lymphocytes are necessary in order to elicit a positive XGVHR. Negative reactions among cancer patients are characterized by the lack of edema fluid accumulation and the appearance of the most basophils at the test site. This suggests that insufficient amounts of lymphokines are being released by the incompetent T lymphocytes, whereas the host is capable of mounting a rejection reaction as evidenced by the appearance of the basophils. Preliminary evidence suggests that the immunologic defect detected by the XGVHR cannot be corrected by monocyte depletion. The identification of putative suppressor T cell subsets may bear immunotherapeutic implications in the future. PMID- 39964 TI - Rabbit B spleen lymphocytes and T helper cells. I. Responsiveness to mitogens of B cell subpopulations of different sedimentation velocities and subpopulations bearing or lacking Fcgamma receptors. AB - The response to anti-allotype (anti-Ab4), Nocardia Water Soluble Mitogen (NWSM), pneumococcal polysaccharide type III (SSS III), and human Fc fragments of various purified and unfractionated rabbit spleen cell populations was determined in terms of 3H-thymidine up-take. B cells were isolated either from untreated suspensions of spleen cells or from suspensions from which adherent and phagocytic cells were removed. The purification factor was greater than the enhancement of 3H-thymidine uptake by anti-Ab4, NWSM, and SSS III as compared with the response of unfractionated spleen cells. It thus appears that a helper cell was involved: the mitogen response of purified B cells was enhanced by the addition of T cells. B subpopulations were separated by sedimentation or by rosetting, which allowed us to separate Fcgamma receptor-bearing cells from cells that did not possess this receptor. There were differences between cells responding to B mitogens not only in sedimentation velocity but also in the absolute number of cells. B cells bearing the Fcgamma receptor were less responsive to anti-Ab4 and more responsive to SSS III, NWSM, and human Fc than were B cells lacking the Fcgamma receptor. PMID- 39965 TI - Purification and properties of human B cell-activating factor. AB - Human monocytes, when appropriately stimulated in vitro, release into the culture medium a factor (BAF) that stimulates the IgM response of T-depleted murine splenocytes to heterologous erythrocytes. The behavior of this factor on gel filtration, isoelectric focusing, ion exchange chromatography, and isopycnic centrifugation was studied. BAF appears to be a molecule of 15,000 daltons, pI 6.5, 1.33 g/ml with low solubility at low ionic strength. It is stable to acid, mild heating, and long-term storage. Activity is lost in alkali or by boiling. Papain may reduce BAF activity slightly, whereas trypsin and chymotrypsin have no significant effect. These properties are similar to those of other monokines reported to have a similar m.w. PMID- 39966 TI - Acyl-CoA reductase specificity and synthesis of wax esters in mouse preputial gland tumors. AB - Long-chain alcohols are synthesized in the mouse preputial gland tumor (ESR-586) by NADPH:acyl-CoA oxidoreductase. In this study, a series of labeled acids was tested as substrates for the oxidoreductase in a cell-free system from the tumor, and the distribution of label into alcohols, waxes, and other products was determined. The system contained the labeled acid, an acyl-CoA-generating system, an NADPH-generating system, and tumor homogenate. The highest rates of alcohol synthesis were obtained with palmitic (16:0), heptadecanoic (17:0), stearic (18:0), myristic (14:0), elaidic (18:1 trans), and linoleic (18:2) acids, which yielded, respectively, 151, 124, 102, 76, 65, and 35 pmol alcohol/min per mg protein. Decanoic (10:0), lauric (12:0), oleic (18:1 cis), linolenic (18:3), arachidonic (20:4), and behenic (22:0) acids all gave lower activities. Acyl-CoA formation did not appear to be rate limiting with any of the substrates tested except behenic acid. In addition to the fatty alcohol product, a small amount of fatty aldehyde was formed in the system. Incorporation of the labeled fatty acids into wax esters was examined and the distribution of label between the alcohol and acid components of the waxes was determined. Incubation of [1-(14)C]palmitic acid yielded 3.4% free alcohol, 8.3% alcohol esterified in waxes, and 7.7% palmitoyl groups esterified into waxes, whereas, at the other extreme, [1 (14)C]linolenic acid yielded 0.8%, 0.6%, and 38%, respectively, into the homologous components.-Wykle, R. L., B. Malone, and F. Snyder. Acyl-CoA reductase specificity and synthesis of wax esters in mouse preputial gland tumors. PMID- 39967 TI - Factors influencing mouse heart creatine kinase efflux and ultrastructure. AB - An isolated mouse heart model has been developed to study the extracellular factors which influence the loss of myocardial enzymes. When added to a tris-HCl buffer/salt mixture at 25 degrees C, glucose, phosphate ion, increased osmolarity, oxygen exclusion and calcium reduced enzyme leakage. Of these, calcium effects on enzyme leakage and ultrastructure were assessed in detail. Concentrations less than or equal to 10(-4) M had no significant effect on enzyme efflux over a 5 hour period. At higher concentrations (10(-3) and 10(-2) M Ca2+), creatine kinase (CK) efflux was significantly altered in a time dependent fashion. In the first hour, 10(-3) and 10(-2) M Ca2+ reduced CK leakage to 33% and 25% of the control values, respectively; and to about 50% of the control values in the second and third hours. This protective effect was lost between the third and fifth hours, when an enzyme efflux 80% greater than control was observed. These studies indicated that CK leakage from mouse heart can be retarded for up to 3 hours by appropriate Ca2+ concentrations. The initial ultrastructural change, in the absence of Ca2+, was a dilatation of the transverse tubules, which gradually enlarged by coalescence. This was followed by a gradual disintegration and ultimate condensation of the myofibrils leaving altered mitochondria floating freely in an apparently intact sarcolemmal bag. These changes appeared to be delayed by Ca2+ for 3 hours, after which no protective effect was evident. Thus, CK leakage is a measure of myocardial autolysis, and numerous simple measures can retard this autolysis for several hours. This raises the possibility of prolonging the preservation of the normal heart in vitro. PMID- 39968 TI - Summary of papers presented at the meeting of the Society for Social Medicine in Leeds, September 1978. PMID- 39969 TI - The relation between dicarbocyanine dye fluorescence and the membrane potential of human red blood cells set at varying Donnan equilibria. AB - The fluorescence, F, of two dicarbocyanine dyes, diS-C3(5) and diI-C3(5), depends both on the membrane potential, E, and on the intracellular pH, pHc, or human red blood cells. Compositions of isotonic media have been devised in which the equilibrium Donnan potential, E, varies at constant pHc and in which pHc varies at constant E. Dye fluorescence measurements in these suspensions yield calibrations of +1.7 % delta F/mV for diS-C3(5) and +0.6 % delta F/mV for diI-C3 (5). While pHo does not affect F of either dye, changes in pHc of 0.1 unit at constant E cause changes of F equivalent to those induced by 2--3mV. Based on these results, a method is given for estimating changes in E from dye fluorescence in experiments in which E and pHc co-vary. The relation of F to E also depends in a complex way on the type and concentration of cells and dye, and the wavelengths employed. The equilibrium calibration of dye fluorescence, when applied to diffusion potentials induced by 1 microM valinomycin, yields a value for the permeability ratio, PK.VAL/PCl, of 20 +/- 5, in agreement with previous estimates by other methods. The calibration of F is identical both for diffusion potentials and for equilibrium potentials, implying that diC-C3(5) responds to changes in voltage independently of ionic fluxes across the red cell membrane. Changes in the absorption spectra of dye in the presence of red cells in response to changes in E show that formation of nonfluorescent dimers contributes to fluorescence quenching of diS-C3(5). In contrast, only a hydrophobic interaction of dye monomers need be considered for diI-C3(5), indicating the occurrence of a simpler mechanism of fluorescence quenching. PMID- 39970 TI - Electrical properties of an excitable epithelium. AB - The exumbrellar epithelium of the hydromedusa, Euphysa japonica, is composed of a single layer of broad (70 micrometers), thin (1--2 micrometers) cells which are joined by gap junctions and simple appositions. Although the epithelium lacks nerves, it is excitable; electrically stimulating the epithelium initiates a propagated action potential. The average resting potential of the epithelial cells is -46 mV. The action potential, recorded with an intracellular electrode, is an all-or-nothing, positive, overshooting spike. The epithelial cells are electrically coupled. The passive electrical properties of the epithelium were determined from the decrement in membrane hyperpolarization with distance from an intracellular, positive current source. The two-dimensional space constant of the epithelium is 1.3 mm, the internal longitudinal resistivity of the cytoplasm and intercellular junctions is 196 omega cm, and the resistivity of both apical and basal cell membranes is greater than 23 k omega cm2. Although the membrane resistivity is high, the transverse resistivity of the epithelium is quite low (7.5 omega cm2), indicating that the epithelium is leaky with a large, transverse, paracellular shunt. PMID- 39971 TI - Neurotransmitters in cerebral coma and stroke. Proceedings of the workshop, Vienna, July 11, 1978. PMID- 39972 TI - On the possible mode of action of serotonin in neurotransmission and brain dysfunction. AB - Criteria necessary to classify a substance as neurotransmitter are used to determine whether disturbances in neurotransmitter function are involved in brain disorders. Six rather stringent criteria for a neurotransmitter are satisfied by the biogenic amine 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT): 1. the availability of 5-HT within the CNS is proved by its synthesis and transport, 2. it is stored within the presynaptic bouton, 3. presynaptic stimulation releases 5-HT, 4. it reacts with receptors of the synaptic membranes. 5. a functional equivalence of presynaptic stimulation and subsynaptic 5-HT action can be demonstrated, 6. the transmission is terminated by a retrieval mechanism.--On the basis of this transmitter concept brain dysfunctions as described in the literature are discussed in the light of results obtained using in vitro techniques with isolated synaptic structures. In renal and hepatic insufficiency the transport of the 5-HT precursor tryptophan is affected at the site of the blood-brain barrier. Tryptophan-5-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in 5-HT synthesis, is inhibited in hypoxia. The antiparkinson drug 1-aminoadamantane and its 3.5-dimethyl derivative, D 145, inhibit 5-HT catabolism as well as 5-HT storage in synaptic vesicles and reuptake into isolated nerve endings. Since 1-aminoadamantanes enhance the electrically stimulated 5-HT and DA release from nerve endings spatial shifts of transmitter substances within the synaptic area as well as direct receptor stimulation by the drugs may be the cause for the ameliorating effect. PMID- 39973 TI - Brain monoamines in hepatic encephalopathy and other types of metabolic coma. AB - Tyrosine (Tyr), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tryptophan (Trp), serotonin (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) were assayed spectrofluorometrically and radioenzymatically in various regions of post-mortem brains of human patients with hepatic, uremic, and diabetic coma, liver cirrhosis without coma, and hepatic coma treated with parenteral administration of L-valine, a branched-chain amino acid. The results were as follows: In both hepatic and diabetic coma Tyr was increased as compared to non-comatose cirrhosis and controls, while TH acitivity was within normal limits, indicating sufficient oxygen supply of the brain in both types of coma. Brain DA showed a mild decrease in all types of metabolic coma. Brain Trp was not considerably changed in non-comatose cases of liver cirrhosis and after L-valine treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, but was significantly increased in hepatic coma, with highest elevation in the brainstem tegmentum. Both 5-HT and 5-HIAA were not significantly changed in non-comatose cirrhosis, while a general increase with prevalence for the brainstem was obvious in all types of metabolic coma. After L-valine treatment of hepatic coma, 5-HT levels were usually decreased below control values, while 5-HIAA levels were at or below controls. These results in human post-mortem brains confirm previous CSF and brain findings in experimental and human hepatic and uremic encephalopathies, indicating derangement of brain monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism which is attributed to imbalance of aromatic and branched-chain amino acids in plasma and brain. Increased cerebral 5-HT turnover, particularly in the ascending serotonergic brainstem systems, due to derangement of brain uptake of Trp is suggested to represent an important biochemical substrate of disorders of consciousness in hepatic failure and other types of metabolic encephalopathies. Clinical improvement of hepatic encephalopathy and of the underlying neurotransmitter derangements by administration of L-valine and the possible role of this competitive amino acid on intermediary metabolism and ammonia detoxification are discussed. PMID- 39974 TI - CNS Modulation of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase in Parkinson's disease and metabolic encephalopathies. AB - Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity was assayed radioenzymatically in various regions of post-mortem brains of human individuals without neurologic disorders (controls), with Parkinson's disease, senile dementia, hypertensive encephalopathy, hepatic and diabetic coma, liver cirrhosis without coma, and hepatic coma treated with parenteral administration of L-valine. In addition TH activity of the post-mortem adrenal medulla was assayed in controls, in Parkinson's disease, senile dementia and hypertensive encephalopathy. In Parkinson's disease TH activity was significantly decreased in the nigrostriatal system, and less severe in other brainstem areas, while the raphe-reticular formation and limbic system showed normal values. In addition, there was significant decrease in the TH activity of the adrenal medulla, suggesting that Parkinson's disease is a generalized disorder not limited to distinct CNS areas, and that impairment of the dopaminergic niggro-striatal system may involve the TH activity in the adrenal medulla, thus inducing disorders of the peripheral sympathetic system. Senile brain atrophy showed no definite changes in brain, except the striatum, and adrenomedullary TH, while in one case of hypertensive encephalopathy due to long-term corticosteroid treatment normal TH activity in the adrenal medulla was opposed by decreased striatal TH activity, probably due to cerebral ischemia. TH activity in the caudate nucleus of individuals with both hepatic and diabetic coma were within normal ranges, suggesting a sufficient energy supply of the brain during such metabolic catastrophes, while reduced brain TH activity in patients with hepatic coma who died of acute gastrointestinal bleeding is probably due to severe final cerebral ischemia. No correlative data on brain and adrenomedullary TH activities in metabolic encephalopathies are available so far. PMID- 39975 TI - Alterations of putative neurotransmitters and enzymes during ischemia in gerbil cerebral cortex. AB - Bilateral occlusion of common carotid arteries in Mongolian gerbils was produced for the periods (up to 15 min) which were shown to be totally reversible. There was an initial increase of cyclic AMP and GABA levels and enhanced activities of adenylate cyclase and glutamate decarboxylase, as well as the reduction of norepinephrine level and decreased activities of monoamine oxidase, GABA transaminase and Na+-K+-ATPase. Following these changes, decreased concentration of dopamine, serotinin and glutamate were found. The activities of total protein kinase and acetylcholinesterase were found to be reduced after longer periods of short-term ischemia. The data are consistent with the concept of increased non controled release of putative neurotransmitters in ischemia. PMID- 39976 TI - Changes of some putative neurotransmitters in human cerebral infarction. AB - Dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), tryptophan (TRP), 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5 HIAA), and GABA were assayed spectrofluorometrically in various regions of 16 human post-mortem brains with acute and old cerebral infarction. In both recent and older strokes a total depletion of DA and 5-HT in the necrotic tissue was associated with mild reduction of these compounds in remote non-ischemic areas of the injured, and less of the contralateral cerebral hemispheres. 5-HIAA was significantly reduced in acute ischemic necrosis, while the perifocal edema zone showed considerable accumulation of both 5-HT and 5-HIAA. Marked elevation of the 5-HT precursor TRP and of GABA was present in both the necrotic center and perifocal edema of acute infarcts, which also showed a mild reduction of total proteins. The degradation zone surrounding old infarcts showed a mild decrease of both 5-HT and 5-HIAA with normal TRP levels, indicating normalization of the previously increased 5-HT metabolism and turnover after decrease of acute cerebral edema. These data which confirm previous studies in experimental cerebral ischemia and stroke indicate that disorders in the metabolism of brain monoamines and other putative neurotransmitters contribute to the development of postischemic brain damage and the complicating cerebral edema. They are also in keeping with the concept that unilateral focal ischemia produces bilateral effects on brain monoamines. PMID- 39977 TI - Transport mechanisms of Tryptophan in blood cells, nerve cells, and at the blood brain barrier. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Prilly/Lausanne, Switzerland, July 6--7, 1978. PMID- 39978 TI - Comment on the methodology for separating and determining free and albumin-bound tryptophan levels in blood samples. PMID- 39979 TI - When--and why--should nutritional state control neurotransmitter synthesis? AB - The rates at which neurons synthesize such Group I neurotransmitters as serotonin, acetylcholine, and the catecholamines norepinephrine and dopamine depend physiologicall on the availability to them of the circulating precursors for these compounds (tryptophan, choline and tyrosine, respectively). The concentrations of precursor in the circulation and in neurons change rapidly after food consumption, depending upon what is eaten. Nutrient intake thus normally influences the synthesis of these neurotransmitters. Neurons that emit signals by releasing serotonin, acetylcholine, dopamine, or norepinephrine participate in the control of a number of bodily functions and behaviors (e.g., hunger, food choice, sleep, alertness, sensitivity to environmental stimuli and disease states). Dietary manipulations (or the consumption of individual nutrients) can thus be used as tools for the experimental analysis of functions mediated by monoaminergic or cholinergic neurons, and as adjuncts in the treatment of some diseases of these neurons. It is unclear "why" the evolutionary process should have "allowed" the neurotransmission mediated by acetylcholine or the monoamine transmitters to be influenced by the vagaries of food choice. One possible benefit that might accrue to the organism as a result of this dependency would be the use of cholinergic or monoaminergic neurons as "sensors", providing the brain with information about peripheral metabolic state. Thus carbohydrate consumption, which--by altering plasma amino acid levels accelerates brain serotonin synthesis--enhances the release of a transmitter (serotonin) that tends to diminish the animal's desire to consume carbohydrates. PMID- 39980 TI - Neuronal-glial contributions to transmitter amino acid metabolism: studies with kainic acid-induced lesions of rat striatum. PMID- 39981 TI - Characterization of the basis for differences in serum DBH activity in immature and adult rats by use of homologous antibody. PMID- 39982 TI - Glutamine synthetase activity in vivo and in primary cell cultures of rat hypothalamus. PMID- 39983 TI - Postnatal rat sympathetic neurons in culture. I. A comparison with embryonic neurons. AB - 1. A morphological and physiological comparison was made between embryonically and postnatally derived superior cervical ganglion neurons (SCGN) grown in dissociated cell culture. It was found that while morphologically distinct, the physiological properties of the postnatal neurons were the same as their embryonic counterparts. 2. Intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase (HPR) demonstrated that SCGN from any age of animal elaborated two basic types of processes, although the pattern of process ramification was unique for each neuron. The two types of proceses were 1) the large, smooth, rapidly tapering; and 2) the thin, nontapering variety, which often contained varicosities along its length. It is suggested that the former are dendritic in function, while the latter act as axons. 3. A difference was noted in somal size and the number of primary processes extended by the embryonic and postnatal neurons, with the latter more closely resembling the in vivo morphology. 4. Resting potentials and action-potential amplitudes of postnatal SCGN were comparable to those found previously for embryonic SCGN in vitro. 5. Iontophoretic application of putative neurotransmitter substances revealed the presence of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) on both embryonic and postnatal SCGN. Picrotoxin-sensitive depolarizing responses to iontophoresed gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was seen on a few embryonic neurons, but not on the older cells. No responses were detected when norepinephrine (NE), glutamate, cAMP, substance P, or dopamine were applied to the SCGN of either age group. 6. Synatpic interaction between postnatal SCGN were found at an earlier in vitro age (12 days) than was the case for embryonic neurons (20 days). 7. Synaptic transmission was found to be chemical in nature. This was shown by 1) a dependence on external Ca2+ concentrations; 2) steplike fluctuations in synpatic potential amplitude, and 3) a variation in potential amplitude with changes in membrane potential. 8. It is concluded that the postnatal SCGN are able to survive in culture even when taken from animals up to 12.5 wk old. The elaboration of processes is in many ways strikingly similar to sympathetic neurons in the animal, and they are able to form functional synaptic interactions. PMID- 39984 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux causing respiratory distress and apnea in newborn infants. AB - Respiratory distress, apnea, and chronic pulmonary disease since birth were identified in 14 infants who also had symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux. Birth weights varied from 760 to 4,540 gm. All infants had radiographic changes similar to those in bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Cessation of apnea and improvement of pulmonary disease occurred only after medical (8) or surgical (6) control of gastroesophageal reflux. Simultaneous tracings of esophageal pH, heart rate, impedance pneumography, and nasal air flow in five infants demonstrated that reflux preceded apnea. Apnea could be induced by instillation of dilute acid, but not water or formula, into the esophagus. Prolonged monitoring of esophageal pH more than two hours after feeding in 14 other infants less than 6 weeks of age (birth weight 780 to 3,350 gm) without a history of recent vomiting indicated that reflux was not greater than in normal older children. PMID- 39985 TI - Aarskog syndrome: significance for the surgeon. AB - A familial syndrome of short stature associated with facial dysplasia and congenital anomalies was reported by Aarskog in 1970. Subsequently, at least 53 patients in 13 affected families have been reported. The family to be described came under investigation following referral of one of the nine siblings to the surgical clinic at Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles for the evaluation of a right inguinal hernia. Recognition of the syndrome and further evaluation of the remaining siblings led to the diagnosis of several genital anomalies requiring surgical correction. PMID- 39986 TI - The evaluation of the force to expel oily injection vehicles from syringes. AB - Measurement of the force needed to expel oily injection vehicles from all-glass syringes through hypodermic needles has shown that the force required to maintain various rates of expulsion is in agreement with a modified form of the Poiseuille equation. The flow from disposable plastic syringes with rubber plunger tips fits this equation only if a correction is made to take account of the resistance to movement of the plunger (which is effectively zero for all-glass syringes). This resistance or binding force was shown to be increased by exposure to vegetable oils, and its magnitude was inversely dependent on vehicle viscosity. This increase was caused by swelling of the rubber plunger tips due to uptake of the oily vehicles by the rubber. No such increase in binding force was observed with a viscous aqueous vehicle. PMID- 39987 TI - Evaluation of changes in drug particle size during tableting by measurement of dissolution of disintegrated tablets. AB - Three poorly soluble drugs (chloramphenicol, phenacetin and prednisolone) were compressed into tablets of 10% drug content on a physical testing instrument at three different compression pressures. The dissolution profiles were determined by a modification of the U.S.P. method for drug suspensions, granules before compression, disintegrated and intact tablets. By comparison of the dissolution rates for disintegrated tablets with those for granules before compression, or suspensions, it is possible to separate the change in particle size during compression from the pressure-dependent dissolution behaviour of intact tablets. A comparative measurement of dissolution for disintegrated tablets with that for granules provides a useful method for elucidating the particle bonding or cleavage within the tablet during compression. PMID- 39988 TI - Effect of drug content and drug particle size on the change in particle size during tablet compression. AB - Three size fractions for each of three poorly soluble drugs were compressed into 10 mm diameter tablets of four different dilution ratios. The compression was carried out on a physical testing instrument at four compression levels of 49.0, 98.1, 196.2 and 294.3 MN m-2. The effect of drug content and drug particle size on the change in particle size during tableting was examined by the determination of the dissolution rate for disintegrated tablets. A linear relation was obtained when plotting 1n(T80%) versus drug content. There was a critical particle size where the phenomena of cleavage and bonding during tableting balanced each other, but this varied with drug content. PMID- 39989 TI - Catalytic tritiation of drugs and analysis of the tritium distribution by 3H n.m.r. spectroscopy. AB - Propranolol, phenobartitone, diphenylhydantoin, amphetamine, imipramine and propoxyphene have been tritiated using tritiated water and platinum catalyst (from the dioxide and sodium borohydride), and the pattern of labelling has been ascertained by 3H n.m.r. spectroscopy. The results show that this exchange procedure can lead to satisfactory incorporation of tritium at 'stable' aromatic positions. For imipramine where incoroporation of tritium was low, an alternative acid-catalysed procedure was satisfactory. PMID- 39990 TI - A high performance liquid chromatographic assay of cis- and trans- isomers of tricyclic neuroleptic drugs. AB - Tricyclic neuroleptics based upon the thioxanthene nucleus exhibit geometrical isomerism and the major pharmacological activity resides in the Z-component. An h.p.l.c. procedure which enables the separation detection and quantification of these isomers is described. The method is applicable to the analysis of flupenthixol, clopenthixol, chlorprothixene, doxepin and dothiepin. Measurement of the isomer-ratios in various samples of flupenthixol has shown that small batch to batch variations are apparent. The determination of the isomer-ratio in formulations has been shown to rely upon the complete extraction of the medicament. This is due to the differential release of the components from the tablet matrix with the cis-isomer being favoured. There is little difference observed between the adsorption isotherms of the two components (onto charcoal) but in competition experiments differential adsorption may be demonstrated. This has clear implications for the pharmacokinetics of these drugs. PMID- 39991 TI - Biological effectiveness, in goldfish, of some p-substituted acetanilides alone and in the presence of poloxamers. AB - The death times of goldfish have been measured in aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of p-substituted acetanilides alone or in the presence of poloxamers. Plots of reciprocal death time versus concentration were linear with a positive concentration intercept, the minimum effective concentration (MEC). The MEC values were directly related to the pi value (hydrophobic lipophilic constant) of the functional group on the acetanilide indicating that activity is directly related to lipophilicity. Slopes of reciprocal death time versus drug concentration were linearly related to pi values but there was no direct dependence. The presence of poloxamers in aqueous acetanilide solutions reduced the goldfish death time. The effect of the poloxamers is believed to be one of rendering the goldfish membrane more permeable to drugs. PMID- 39992 TI - The effects of dihydrochandonium and other chandonium analogues on neuromuscular and autonomic transmission. PMID- 39993 TI - Elimination of prostacyclin (PGI2) and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha in anaesthetized dogs. AB - The plasma concentration of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha was measured by radioimmunoassay after constant rate infusion of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha or prostacyclin (PGI2) into anaesthetized dogs. A steady-state plasma concentration was rapidly attained with both compounds. After termination of the infusions, the concentration of 6-oxo PGF1 alpha declined according to a bi-exponential process. The steady-state plasma concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha obtained after infusion of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and PGI2 were approximately 10 times higher than the corresponding steady state level of PGF2 alpha measured after infusion of PGF2 alph into the same dogs. The data presented suggest that PGI2 and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha are eliminated more slowly than PGF2 alpha, probably because they are not taken up and metabolized in the lungs as rapidly as PGF2 alpha. PMID- 39994 TI - Effect of taurine on release of 3H-GABA by depolarizing stimuli from superfused slices of rat brain cerebral cortex in vitro. AB - The effect of taurine on potassium (30 mM), veratrine (10 micrograms ml-1) and ouabain (100 microM) induced release of 3H-GABA from superfused slices of rat brain cerebral cortex had been studied. Taurine (10--100 mM) potentiated K+ induced release of 3H-GABA but was more potent in potentiating veratrine- and ouabain-induced release, having significant effects at 5 mM and 1 mM respectively. The potentiation of stimulus induced release does not appear to be due to inhibition of reuptake and the effect is consistent with both a 'modulatory' role and anticonvulsant action for taurine. PMID- 39995 TI - Effect of ethanol on adrenaline-stimulated glucose uptake in rat white adipose tissue. AB - The effect of ethanol on adrenaline-stimulated glucose uptake by rat white adipose tissue has been examined in vitro. Ethanol (3%) inhibited the stimulatory effect of adrenaline on glucose uptake whereas it failed to inhibit the effect of adrenaline on free fatty acid production. Addition of calcium (12.5 mM) to the incubation medium restored adrenaline's effect on glucose uptake. Addition of propranolol also restored the effect of adrenaline inhibited by ethanol. Ethanol did not inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. These results suggest that ethanol modifies the coupling of the adrenoceptor to the glucose transport system in adipose tissue that is stimulated by adrenaline. PMID- 39996 TI - The disposition of [14C]metronidazole in rats following vaginal and oral administration. AB - The absorption, tissue distribution and excretion of [17C]metronidazole (14C-MTZ) were compared during the first 4 h after administration of 10 mg kg-1 of 14C-MTZ either orally or intravaginally (i.v.g.) to rats. Peak 14C blood concentrations were reached at 1 h in both groups. Blood samples collected at 0.5, 3 and 4 h had a higher 14C concentration in orally dosed rats (P less than 0.05) than in i.v.g. treated animals. About 3% of the i.v.g. applied dose remained in the vagina at 4 h. After 4 h, the plasma, liver, kidney, brain, lung and uterus concentrations of 14C were similar in both groups, whereas the blood, skeletal muscle and fat 14C values were significantly greater in the orally dosed rats. The total recoveries of 14C in the urine and faeces did not differ (ca 38% over 4 h) between the two groups. These results suggest that the kinetics of metronidazole are similar after the administration of equal amounts of this drug by either route. PMID- 39997 TI - Factors underlying the variable inotropic effect of ouabain on isolated rat atria. Changes in contractile frequency and adrenergic mechanisms. PMID- 39998 TI - Diagnostic value of free erythrocyte porphyrins and blood lead as a screening test for lead exposure. PMID- 39999 TI - The use of scopolamine for the estimation of the central antiacetylcholine properties of neuroleptics. PMID- 40000 TI - Failure of vanadate contamination in ATP to account for noradrenaline stimulation of Na+, K+-ATPase in rat brain homogenates. PMID- 40001 TI - Dopamine receptor changes after long-term haloperidol treatment in rats. PMID- 40002 TI - The effect of some new antidepressants on apomorphine-induced hypothermia in mice. PMID- 40003 TI - Gastric relaxation by apomorphine and ATP in the conscious dog. PMID- 40004 TI - Effects of hydrocortisone on binding of IgG or C3b-coated erythrocytes to human monocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes. PMID- 40005 TI - Distinction between prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin as inhibitors of granulmoatous inflammation. PMID- 40006 TI - Partition of cinoxacin and nalidixic acid in canine vascular and extravascular compartments. PMID- 40007 TI - A hypotensive phospholipid from dog peritoneal dialysate. PMID- 40008 TI - Failure of prolyl-leucyl-glycinamide to alter analgesia measured by the Takemori test in morphine-pretreated rats. PMID- 40009 TI - The potassium ion selective electrode as a tetraphenylborate sensor for quaternary ammonium salts analysis. PMID- 40010 TI - Apparent validity of the Washburn equation when applied to compressed tablets. PMID- 40011 TI - Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver homogenates, subcellular fractions and isolated hepatocytes: stimulation by spironolactone and pregnenolone-16 alpha carbonitrile. PMID- 40012 TI - Beta adrenoceptor blocking properties of MK-761. AB - MK-761 is a new class of compound which has beta adrenoceptor antagonist and vasodilating properties in a single molecule. The compound has in vitro beta adrenoceptor blocking activity in the isolated cat heart papillary muscle and isolated rat atria. Unlike propranolol, it did not depress contactile force. Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity was not observed in vitro, (isolated cat papillary muscle, isolated atria) but the compound has some intrinsic sympathomimetric activity because it slightly increased heart rate in reserpinized rats. MK-761 was found to be approximately as potent as timolol and pindolol in blocking cardiac and vascular beta adrenergic receptors in anesthetized dogs. The drug was not, however, cardioselective. Oral beta adrenoceptor blocking activity was observed in rats at doses similar to those which decreased blood pressure. PMID- 40013 TI - Blood pressure and heart rate responses evoked by p-hydroxyamphetamine and by p hydroxynorephedrine. I. The relationship between evoked responses and plasma levels of drug. PMID- 40014 TI - Receptor interactions of imidazolines. II. Affinities and efficacies of hydroxy substituted tolazoline derivatives in rat aorta. PMID- 40015 TI - [Energetics of maximal muscular exertion in man]. PMID- 40016 TI - Measurement of distortions in fixed partial dentures resulting from degassing. AB - 1. During the degassing phase, fixed partial dentures removed immediately when the temperature reached 1,900 degrees F (1,038 degrees C) with soldered connectors do not distort more than those with cast connectors. While not tested, heat-soaking could be expected to cause a greater amount of distortion, especially for fixed and supported partial dentures having soldered connectors. 2. Use of custom-made sagger trays giving support to long-span fixed partial dentures at the ends and within the span is desirable for both degassing and porcelain firing, regardless of whether or not the connectors are cast or soldered. 3. The accumulative amount of possible distortion resulting from soldering, degassing, and porcelain firing may be clinically significant if precautions are not affected. PMID- 40017 TI - The accuracy of soldering investment. AB - Testing soldering investments of different thermal expansions established that an acceptable dimensional change in a three-unit fixed partial denture occurs with an investment which expands at 0.70% to 0.72%. PMID- 40018 TI - Effect of lithium on the physostigmine-induced behavioral syndrome and plasma cyclic GMP. PMID- 40020 TI - Abstracts of the twenty-first annual meeting of the Japan Radiation Research Society. Sapporo, September 15--17, 1978. PMID- 40019 TI - Acid and neutral hydrolases in Trypanosoma cruzi. Characterization and assay. AB - Twelve acid hydrolases, 4 near-neutral hydrolases, and alkaline phosphatase were demonstrated in 0.34 M sucrose homogenates of Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y: p nitrophenylphosphatase and alpha-naphthylphosphatase, with optimum pH at approximately 6.0; alpha=ga;actpsodase. beta=ga;actpsodase. beta=g;icpsodase, N acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, cathepsin A and peptidase I and III, with optimum pH between 5.0 and 6.0; and arylsulfatase, cathepsin D, alpha-arabinase and alpha mannosidase with optimum pH at approximately 4.0. alpha-Glucosidase, glucose-6 phosphatase and peptidase II had optimum pH at approximately 7.0. beta Glycerophosphatase had a broad pH-activity curve from 4,0 to 7.4, with maximum activity at pH 7.0. The main kinetic characteristics of these enzymes and their quantitative assay methods were studied. No activity was detected for alpha fucosidase, beta-xylosidase, beta-glucuronidase, elaidate esterase, acid lipase, and alkaline phosphodiesterase. PMID- 40021 TI - [Arteriography in polyarteritis nodosa. Diagnostic findings and value of repeated examinations (author's transl)]. AB - The results of 18 abdominal arteriographies (general aortography, selective renal, superior mesenteric, and coeliac arteries) in 11 patients with polyarteritis nodosa (P.A.S.), are reported and analyzed. In all tissues, the frequency of the lesions was 66% for micro-aneurisms, 100% for stenoses, and 83% for thromboses. These are seen mainly in the kidney, but isolated lesions may occur in the liver and gastro-intestinal tract. As they vary with time and the area affected, selective contrast studies of the main stems of the abdominal aorta and, in some cases, repeated arteriographic examinations, are necessary. PMID- 40022 TI - [Antoine Beclere Conference 1978. Radiologic technology, medicine and society]. PMID- 40023 TI - Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists, Hollywood, Florida, November 1978. PMID- 40024 TI - Transhydrogenase activity in human leukocytes. PMID- 40025 TI - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-decanaldehyde adduct as an inhibitor of beef brain NADP-linked aldehyde reductase. AB - The synthesis and characterization of the addition product of NADP and decanaldehyde are described. This adduct is an inhibitor of beef brain NADP linked aldehyde reductase (Ki = 2.3 x 10(-6) M) along with the NADP adducts of butyraldehyde, phenylpropionaldehyde, and phenylacetaldehyde. PMID- 40026 TI - 31P NMR investigations of phosphoramide mustard: evaluation of pH control over the rate of intramolecular cyclization to an aziridinium ion and the hydrolysis of this reactive alkylator. PMID- 40027 TI - Conformational analogues of dopamine. Synthesis and pharmacological activity of (E)- and (Z)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)cyclopropylamine hydrochlorides. AB - (E)- and (Z)-(+/-)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)cyclopropylamine hydrochlorides were synthesized as part of a program to assess the importance of conformational isomerism with respect to the various peripheral biological actions of dopamine. Although neither of the compounds possessed dopaminergic activity in the canine renal blood-flow model, both agents were weak alpha-adrenergic agonists and exhibited cardiostimulatory properties similar to dopamine. The E isomer was apprxoximately 5 times more potent than the Z isomer in its alpha-adrenergic activity and approximately 15 times as potent in its cardiac effects. Possible reasons for the lack of renal dopaminergic activity exhibited by the E isomer are presented. PMID- 40028 TI - Tripeptide analogues of melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting hormone (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) as inhibitors of oxotremorine-induced tremor. AB - Fourteen di- and tripeptide analogues of MIF, Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2, have been synthesized and assayed for inhibition of oxotremorine-induced tremor. Replacement of Pro by HCO-Pro or cyclopentanecarboxylic acid gave inactive analogues, while some peptides of the general structure less than Glu-Leu-Gly NR1R2 were highly active. Thus, R1 = C3H8 and R2 = H gave 4 times the activity of MIF, R1 = I-C3H8 and R2 = H gave 13 times the activity of MIF, and R1 = R2 = CH3 gave 29 times the activity of MIF. cyclo(-Pro-Leu-), Pro-Lys-Gly-NH2, and Pro-Arg Gly-NH2 had no activity. Apparently, small modifications in the structure of MIF can yield highly active analogues with potential clinical value, e.g., in the treatment of Parkinson's disease or mental depression. PMID- 40029 TI - Absolute configuration of glycerol derivatives. 7. Enantiomers of 2-[[[2-(2,6 dimethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]methyl]-1,4-benzodioxane (WB-4101), a potent competitive alpha-adrenergic antagonist. AB - The enantiomers of 2-[[[2-(2,6-dimethoxyphenoxy)ethyl]amino]methyl]-1,4 benzodioxane (4) were prepared from the chiral 2-[(tosyloxy)methyl]-1,4 benzodioxanes [(2S)- and (2R)-5]. The corresponding (2R)- and (2S)-2-(aminoethyl) 1,4-benzodioxanes [2R)- and (2S)-7] were prepared by a modified Gabriel synthesis and converted to the enantiomers of 4 by condensation with 2,6 dimethoxyphenoxyacetaldehyde (8) and reduction of the intermediate imine with NaBH4. The enantiomer (2S)-4 was 40--50 times as potent as the enantiomer (2R)-4 in antagonizing the alpha-adrenergic response of methoxamine-induced contraction of rabbit aortic strips, showing a pA2 = 9.0. This result is consistent with the previous observation that S enantiomers of 2-[(alkylamino)methyl]benzodioxanes are more potent antagonists at a alpha-adrenergic receptors than the R enantiomers. PMID- 40030 TI - A cooperative education program for nurse practitioners/physician's assistants. AB - Traditionally, nurse practitioners and physicians' assistants have been trained separately. Despite similarities in curriculum and graduate practice, there has been little or no articulation between their training programs or professional organizations. In 1977 the Family Nurse Practitioner Program at the School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, and the Primary Care Associate Program at Stanford University Medical Center merged clinical curricula. In this article the authors describe the cooperative educational venture and evaluate its first year. PMID- 40031 TI - Evidence for a role of phosphatidyl ethanolamine as a modulator of membrane membrane contact. AB - Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) is shown to be effective in producing membrane aggregation. The aggregation of PE and PE/PC (phosphatidyl choline) mixed vesicles was studied as a function of pH and cation composition of the medium. The kinetics and equilibria were studied in stopped-flow rapid mixing experiments, in which PE vesicles prepared at pH 9.2 were "jumped" to pH 7. H+ ions protonate PE- and promote vesicle aggregation in a cooperative fashion. Vesicles containing PC have a decreased tendency to aggregate compared to pure PE vesicles. The apparent rate constant for aggregation was about two orders of magnitude below that for diffusion controlled aggregation and was virtually the same for PE and PE/PC mixed vesicles. A theoretical description of equilibrium for vesicle aggregation is developed in terms of three parameters: the equilibrium constant for the protonation of PE (KA), the equilibrium constant for aggregation (Keq) and the number of PE molecules in an effective area that the two vesicles must interact in order to aggregate (Neff). These parameters are compared with values and trends expected for electrostatic calculations based on dipolar repulsion and short-range binding, to which hydrogen bonding may contribute. The results are interpreted in a self-consistent fashion to indicate: (i) that PE and PC mix randomly, (ii) that head-to-tail binding occurs between PE(PC) molecules on apposing vesicles, (iii) that electrostatic screening accounts for the decrease in KA as a function of the molar fraction of PC per vesicle, (iv) that the PE must be 90% protonated before aggregation can occur, and (v) that for all the lipid systems we considered, the point at which the extent of dimerization is half maximal is close to the physiological pH, indicating that PE may have a regulatory effect in the aggregation of biological systems. PMID- 40032 TI - On two-dimensional passive random walk in lipid bilayers and fluid pathways in biomembranes. AB - The lateral mobility of pyrene, pyrene decanoic acid, and 1-palmitoyl-2-pyrene decanoyl-phosphatidyl choline (pyrene lecithin) in lipid bilayers is determined by the excimer formation technique. This method is applied to vesicles of lecithins differing in chain length and in the degree of saturation of the hydrocarbon chains. These values are compared with results in cephalins of different chain length and in dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid at variable pH. The influence of cholesterol is investigated. The results are analyzed in terms of the Montroll model of two-dimensional random walk. The jump frequency of the probe molecule within the lipid lattice is obtained. The advantage of this measure of transport in lipid layers is that it does not involve lipid lattice parameters. The main results of the present work are: (i) The lateral mobility of a given solute molecule in lamellae of saturated lecithins is independent of hydrocarbon chain length and rather a universal function of temperature. (ii) In unsaturated dioleyl lecithin the amphiphatic molecules have lateral mobilities of the same size as in saturated lipids. The jump frequency of pyrene, however, is by a factor of two larger in the unsaturated lecithin. (iii) The jump frequencies in phosphatidyl ethanolamines are about equal to those in lecithins. (iv) In phosphatidic acid layers the hopping frequencies depend on the charges of the head groups of both the lipids and the probes. (v) Cholesterol strongly reduces the jump frequency in fluid layers. (vi) The lateral mobility in biological membranes is comparable to that in artificial lipid bilayers. The experimental results are discussed in terms of the free volume model of diffusion in fluids. Good agreement with the predictions made from this model is found. A striking result is the observation of a tilt in dioleyl-lecithin bilayer membranes from the hopping frequencies of pyrene and pyrene lecithin. A tilt angle of phi = 17 degrees is estimated. PMID- 40033 TI - Effect of pH on the calcium metabolism of isolated rat kidney cells. AB - The effects of metabolic and respiratory acidosis and alkalosis on cellular calcium metabolism were studied in rat kidney cells dispersed with collagenase. In both types of acidosis, the intracellular pH, total cell calcium, and the cell relative radioactivity after 60 min of labeling are significantly depressed. Kinetic analysis of 45-ca desaturation curves shows that acidosis decreases all three cellular calcium pools and depresses calcium fluxes between the superficial and cytosolic pools and between the cytosolic and mitochondrial pools. In alkalosis the intracellular pH, the total cell calcium, and the cell relative radioactivity are significantly increased. Kinetic studies show that in alkalosis, only the mitochondrial pool is consistently increased. Calcium exchange between the mitochondrial and cytosolic pool is increased in metabolic alkalosis only. These results suggest that hydrogen ion is an important modulator of calcium metabolism, and that the intracellular pH rather than extracellular pH is the critical factor in determining the calcium status of cells during altered acid-base conditions. PMID- 40034 TI - Behavioral treatment parameters with primary dysmenorrhea. AB - Fourteen women with primary dysmenorrhea were administered four sessions of systematic desensitization (SD) by either a male or a female therapist. The following measures were taken during the flow periods before and after treatment and at a 6-month follow-up: menstrual symptom checklist, medication usage, invalid hours, and menstrual attitudes. At pretreatment, menstrually distressed women had significantly higher scores on all measures compared to a normative group and an explicitly nondistressed group. At posttreatment, treated women's scores on the dependent variables were significantly reduced. All indices were reduced to a "nondistressed level" at posttreatment and at 6-month follow-up. Type of dysmenorrhea (congestive vs. spasmodic), trait anxiety level, and therepist sex did not predict differential responsiveness to SD. SD did not affect frontailis EMG, peripheral blood flow, or pain threshold. A Retrospective Symptom Scale of menstrual distress was found to be highly reliable, valid, and sensitive. PMID- 40035 TI - Setting generality of blood pressure reductions and the psychological treatment of reactive hypertension. AB - The setting generality of treatment effects was examined for a client with 3 years' history of essential hypertension. Self-control progressive relaxation training led to durable normotensive blood pressures (BP) in the natural environment and psychology clinic, although medical setting BP remained elevated. Further assessment indicated that this latter problem was a function of conditioned anxiety to medical setting stimuli. Systematic desensitization led to reductions in medical setting BP to normotensive levels, and laboratory psychophysiological assessments confirmed the elimination of the anxiety response. The present case study raises the issue of to what extent such reactive hypertension is a problem for other individuals similarly diagnosed and demonstrates the importance of the assessment of generality of treatment effects for essential hypertension. PMID- 40036 TI - Crystal structure of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase. PMID- 40037 TI - Structure of bovine beta-lactoglobulin at 6A resolution. PMID- 40038 TI - Preliminary crystallographic data on buffalo beta-lactoglobulin. PMID- 40039 TI - Calcium-activated neutral protease from bovine ventricular muscle: isolation and some of its properties. PMID- 40040 TI - Restoration of slow responses in hypoxic heart muscle by alkaline pH. PMID- 40041 TI - Consensus Development Conference. Supportive therapy in burn care. PMID- 40042 TI - Inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity by scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus (H and E) venom. AB - Crystalline glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was significantly inhibited by L quinquestriatus venom. Neither boiling nor dialysis could abolish this inhibition completely. Raising the concentration of either G6P or NADP in the reaction mixture reversed the inhibition, indicating that the latter was competitive with respect to the substrate and the coenzyme. PMID- 40043 TI - Fine structure of the ocellus of the hydromedusan, Spirocodon saltatrix. I. Receptor cells. PMID- 40044 TI - Abstracts from the 9th western regional meeting of electron microscopists. PMID- 40045 TI - Nucleologenesis in chick erythrocyte nuclei reactivated by cell fusion. PMID- 40046 TI - Acute febrile systemic reaction to polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine. AB - An acute, severe febrile reaction with leukocytosis followed vaccination with polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in a splenectomized patient with myeloproliferative disease. Recovery required five days. PMID- 40047 TI - Empyema seven years after pneumonectomy. Detection by Gallium 67 scan. PMID- 40048 TI - Polymicrobial bacteremia. AB - Of 26,961 blood cultures taken during an 18-month period at the Cincinnati General Hospital, 1,715 (6%) were positive. Ninety-four patients had blood cultures containing more than one organism. Although aerobic and anaerobic streptococci were the most frequently isolated bacteria, a variety of microorganisms, including Staphylococcus aureus and the Klebsiella-Enterobacter Serratia group, was isolated in different combinations depending on the underlying disease. Neurological illness, malignant neoplasms, burns, and decubitus ulcers were among the most common underlying conditions found. The overall mortality was 54%, but only 58% of these deaths were specifically related to an episode of polymicrobial bacteremia. Patient survival was significantly related to appropriate antimicrobial therapy. PMID- 40049 TI - [Gamma-GTP isoenzyme]. PMID- 40050 TI - [Arterial blood gases (O2 partial pressure, CO2 partial pressure and pH)]. PMID- 40051 TI - [Urinary acidification]. PMID- 40052 TI - Intracellular pH measurement in frog muscle by means of 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The 31P-NMR technique was used for the monitoring of intracellular pH and studying its heterogeneity in the femoral biceps muscle of Rana catesbiana under anaerobic conditions. The value of intracellular pH of fresh muscle calculated from the chemical shift of intracellular inorganic phosphate (P1) was 7.3 on average and the line width of P1 was about 0.2 ppm. As the line width determined by the relaxation mechanism was 0.099 ppm, the P1 signal in fresh muscle was concluded to consist of overlapped narrow components, which indicated the heterogeneity of muscular pH (about 0.2 pH unit). Living muscle showed gradual acidification due to glycolysis and the decrease in heterogeneity. When glycolysis was suppressed by iodoacetic acid, slight alkalization due to the breakdown of creatine phosphate was observed. When the Lohmann reaction was suppressed by 2, 4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene, rapid acidification accompanied by the appearance of a new acidic component was observed with the onset of ATP decrease. This new component was not detected in the muscle pretreated with glycerol to disrupt the transverse tubules. Therefore, it is likely that this new acidic component originates in the intracellular compartment, and not in the cellular difference. PMID- 40053 TI - [Abstracts of papers at XX annual meeting of Japan Society of Smooth Muscle Research (author's transl)]. PMID- 40054 TI - [Etiological studies of reflux esophagitis by measuring intraesophageal pressure and pH]. PMID- 40055 TI - [Effects of intraduodenal pH concentration on gastric motility during fasting]. PMID- 40056 TI - [Relationship between guanylate cyclase and calcium ion in the smooth muscle]. PMID- 40057 TI - [Stimulating effects of alanine and glycine on guinea-pig taenia coli (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of alanine and glycine on the mechanical and electrical activities of guinea-pig taenia coli were investigated. Alanine (0.1--10 mM) and glycine (0.5- 10 mM) produced a dose dependent contraction of guinea-pig taenia coli. The stimulating effects of alanine and glycine were not inhibited in the presence of atropine (5 muM), tetrodotoxin (0.1 micrograms/ml), diphenhydramine (4 muM), methysergide (3 muM), strychnine (10 muM), and were not influenced by treatment with indomethacin (3 muM). However, these effects were inhibited in the presence of a Ca antagonist, verapamil (10 muM). When the electrical activities of the taenia coli were recorded by the single sucrose-gap method, alanine and glycine (5--10 mM) produced a reduction of membrane potential and increased spike heights and frequencies of action potential. In LiCl or Choline-Cl and in Na-isethionate solutions, the stimulating effect of alanine was not abolished, but was completely inhibited in KCl-depolarized preparation. From these results, it is considered that both alanine and glycine may directly produce contraction by a depolarization of the cell membrane of guinea-pig taenia coli. PMID- 40058 TI - [Various aspects of humoral disorders in recent myocardial infarct and their significance in clinical practice]. PMID- 40059 TI - [Effect of blockaders of cardiac beta-adrenergic structures on the central hemodynamics and contractile function of the myocardium in acute experimental coronary insufficiency]. AB - The indices of central hemodynamics and myocardial contractile function were studied in 35 dogs before and in different periods after the administration of drugs which block beta-receptors: propranolol, pindolol, and talinolol. The drugs blocking the beta-adrenergic receptors were administered against the background of an intact myocardium to 15 dogs and against the background of acute coronary insufficiency to another 15; acute ischemia was induced in 5 dogs to which the drugs were not given. It was established that beta-adrenergic blocking agents have a beneficial effect in the acute stage of myocardial ischemia; they exert a marked influence on the consumption of oxygen by the myocardium, intramyocardial tension, and the contractile capacity and rhythm of the heart. Talinolol produced the most favourable effect. PMID- 40060 TI - [pH changes and the K+ and Na+ concentration in the blood of the coronary vein in experimental myocardial infarct complicated and not complicated by ventricular fibrillation]. AB - It was found that following occlusion of the coronary artery in dogs, the rate of increase in K+ concentration in blood plasma draining directly from the focus of ischemia is greater in cases complicated by ventricular fibrillation. Fibrillation always occurs against the background of a decrease in pH and an increase in the K+ level in blood plasma draining from the focus of ischemia. It is suggested that inhibition of the development of disorders of acid-base and ion equilibrium in the myocardium would be an effective means of preventing ventricular fibrillation in the acute stage of myocardial infarction. PMID- 40061 TI - [63d convention of the Wurttemberg Association of Ophthalmologists, 8-9 April 1978, Tubingen. Main topic: conjunctiva and sclera (especially conjunctivitis)]. PMID- 40062 TI - [High dose betablocker treatment in experimental renal hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Rats with experimental renovascular hypertension were treated with high doses of beta-blocking agents. Pindolol 10 mg/kg per day increased Goldblatt-type hypertension, whereas Propranolol 100 mg/kg per day showed an antihypertensive effect. A linear correlation between the weight of the left-heart ventricle and the systolic blood pressure was found in animals treated with Pindolol as well as in untreated Goldblatt rats. On the contrary, the weights of the left-heart ventricle were significantly higher in those animals treated with Propranolol than in the other groups. The results show that Pindolol in high doses, possibly on account of its sympathomimetic activity, leads to an increase in Goldblatt hypertension, but does not influence the pressure-dependent progression of left heart hypertrophy. On the other hand, Propranolol, possibly on account of a cardiodepressory effect, leads to a decrease in blood pressure. PMID- 40063 TI - [Regional cerebral blood flow and its regulation in the initial stage of cerebral arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 40064 TI - [Number of microorganisms released from the upper respiratory tract and the cutaneous integument of persons in a hermetically sealed location]. PMID- 40065 TI - [Chufa (Cyperus esculentus) as a source of vegetable fats in a sealed life support system]. AB - The cultivation schemes, productivity, total biochemical, lipid in particular, composition of nodules of chufa (Cyperus esculentus) were studied, using a phytotron. Upon continuous illumination chufa yielded a high total productivity and a satisfactory coefficient of economic effectiveness (not less than 50%). Chufa nodules have an optimal ratio of proteins, carbohydrates and fats containing essential fatty acids. To meet man's requirements for vegetable oils and essential fatty acids, it is necessary to produce daily 150--200 g dry chufa nodules which are quite acceptable as a dietary ingredient. PMID- 40066 TI - [Psychological prevention of fatigue and functional diseases of the cardiovascular system in pilots by means of autogenic training]. PMID- 40067 TI - [Toxic effect of chemical substances in the altered gas environment of sealed spaces]. PMID- 40068 TI - Hormonal Steroids. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Hormonal Steroids. New Delhi, India, October/November 1978. PMID- 40069 TI - Hormonal steroids. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Hormonal Steroids. New Delhi, India, October/November 1978. PMID- 40070 TI - Hormonal steroids, neurotransmitters and sexual differentiation of the brain. PMID- 40071 TI - Hormonal steroids. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Hormonal Steroids. New Delhi, India, October/November 1978. PMID- 40072 TI - The uterus during progestation: hormonal modulation of pyridine nucleotide activity in relation to decidual sensitivity. PMID- 40073 TI - Pineal gland and sympathetic cervical ganglia as sites for steroid regulation of photosensitive neuroendocrine pathways. PMID- 40074 TI - Cardioplegic arrest in patients with previous Vineberg implants. PMID- 40075 TI - Proceedings of the Sixth European Malacological Congress (Amsterdam, 15-20 August 1977). PMID- 40076 TI - [Cardia function after proximal-gastric vagotomy (author's transl)]. AB - In 36 patients with chronic duodenal ulcer disease LES-function before and after proximal-gastric vagotomy was examined manometrically and by determining pH values in a prospective study. In addition, esophagus biopsies were taken 5 cm proximal of the cardia. 12 healthy volunteers served as controls. A direct effect of proximal-gastric vagotomy on LES-function could not be shown. On the contrary, in 38,9% of the patients examined, preoperatively proven esophagitis disappears nearly completely 12 months following proximal gastric vagotomy. This positive effect of vagotomy is to be interpreted as a beneficial effect on regurgitated intestinal juice, more so than an effect on cardia function itself. PMID- 40078 TI - Developments in life assurance medicine in the Netherlands. PMID- 40077 TI - [Influence of pyloroplasty and pyloric stenosis on motoric and secretory function of the stomach after selective proximal vagotomy--an experimental study (author's transl)]. AB - In conscious fullgrown minipigs simple SPV alone, SPV and pyloric stenosis and SPV and pyloroplasty were performed. After a liquid test meal the motoric and secretory function of the stomach were examined simultaneously by a modified method of intestinal perfusion and aspiration. After simple SPV initially a marked decrease of gastric volume and normal emptying into the duodenum were found. With additional pyloric stenosis no significant change was found. The pyloroplasty lead to an increase of gastric volume and delayed emptying. The acid secretion after feeding reduced by SPV was not changed significantly neither by pyloroplasty nor by pyloric stenosis. The baseline values of serum gastrin were elevated after SPV as well as after SPV in combination with pyloric stenosis or pyloroplasty. After food stimulation there was a delayed increase of gastrin after SPV which differed from that after SPV with pyloric stenosis or pyloroplasty only during the first hour. These results show that after SPV no further improvement of the motoric and secretory function can be achieved by an additional pyloroplasty. Furthermore these findings permit the conclusion that even after SPV with additional artificial pyloric stenosis no delayed gastric emptying occurs and that there is no negative effect postoperatively on the acid secretion and gastrin production. PMID- 40079 TI - [Etiology, complications and prognosis of liver cirrhosis in 917 patients. II. Causes of death and prognosis in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 40080 TI - [Side effects of antitubercular agents in the neurologic and psychiatric area]. PMID- 40081 TI - [Psychiatric-psychological evaluation of abnormal personalities in criminal and civil law]. PMID- 40082 TI - [Intracranial complications in craniofacial injuries]. PMID- 40083 TI - [The site of the event in cases of sudden natural death]. PMID- 40085 TI - [Hepatitis transmission as accident]. PMID- 40084 TI - [Psychiatric and medical insurance aspects of fright]. PMID- 40086 TI - The substituted benzamides--a novel class of dopamine antagonists. PMID- 40087 TI - Effects of intrahippocampal injection of chemicals on the levels of plasma corticosterone in rats. PMID- 40088 TI - Strain differences in rat adrenal biosynthetic enzymes and stress-induced increases in plasma catecholamines. PMID- 40089 TI - [3H]Para-amino-clonidine: a novel ligand which binds with high affinity to alpha adrenergic receptors. PMID- 40090 TI - In-vitro-studies on the influence of cations, neurotransmitters and tubocurarine on calcium-ganglioside-interactions. PMID- 40091 TI - Control of pulmonary ventilation during exercise and mediators in the blood: CO2 and hydrogen ion. AB - In reviewing the blood borne "mediators" to ventilation during exercise, our emphasis is on VCO2 and [H+]. We consider that exercise ventilation is more closely linked to VCO2 than to VO2. Lactic acid has a dual effect on ventilation, as it results in an increased CO2 output as well as increased [H+], an independent ventilatory stimulus. Examples from acid-base disturbances hypoxia and training are used to illustrate the relationship of VE to VCO2 and [H+]. PMID- 40092 TI - Peripheral chemoreceptors and exercise hyperpnea. AB - The carotid bodies appear to be the only peripheral chemoreceptors mediating ventilatory control during exercise in man. While little is known about the mechanism of stimulation, much is known about the effects of carotid body stimulation upon pulmonary ventilation (VE). These effects have been produced by hypercapnia, hypoxia, metabolic acidosis, arterial blood pressure, temperature, and catecholamines. A signal from CO2 flow is attractive because of the strong correlation between CO2 output and VE during exercise. The carotid body's role in the hyperpnea depends on the intensity of exercise. During heavy exercise, pH falls and hyperventilation ensues. The carotid bodies appear to be the exclusive mediators of the ventilatory compensation for the acidosis at this exercise intensity. For moderate exercise, mean arterial PCO2 does not change. Therefore, how is the CO2 signal transmitted to the respiratory center? Two current theories are: (1) since arterial PCO2 and pH oscillate with each breath, the amplitude and period of these oscillations may change during exercise and may be of sufficient magnitude to stimulate the carotid bodies, and (2) there exists a disequilibrium between hydrogen ion activity within the red blood cell and in the plasma because carbonic anhydrase is found in the former but not the latter. This theory assumes that the enzyme is not accessible to the plasma. PMID- 40093 TI - The brain's role in exercise hyperpnea. AB - Three aspects concerning the role of the central nervous system in the control of exercise hyperpnea are reviewed. First, the integration of sensory input stresses the concept of multiple sites of integration--with the end result that both adequate gas exchange and near-optimal mechanical response of the lung and chest wall are achieved during exercise. Secondly, the potential role of the "central" [H+] chemoreceptor is discussed--in terms of the mechanisms available for the protection of brain ECF [H+] and the stimulus-response characteristics of this important chemical sensor and a critical analysis of how it may be evaluated. Finally, the question of forebrain influences on exercise hyperpnea and the "sensation" of ventilatory effect is discussed, with particular emphasis on the multi-purpose regulation of breathing in athletic endeavors. PMID- 40094 TI - [Treatment of alcohol withdrawal delirium from the internal medicine viewpoint. Experiences with the neuroleptic agent glianimone]. PMID- 40095 TI - [Changes in physiologic and biochemical values following exertion test in women with and without calcium substitution]. PMID- 40096 TI - [Therapy of performance disorders in cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 40097 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at a meeting of the British Microcirculation Society. April 7 and 8, 1978, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. PMID- 40098 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at a meeting of the British Microcirculation Society. April 6 and 7, 1979, St. George's Hospital Medical School, London, England. PMID- 40099 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 9th meeting of the Nordic Microcirculation Group. February 1-4, 1979, Geilo, Norway. PMID- 40100 TI - Degloved sole and heel. AB - A case of a degloving injury of the sole and heel is reported. A major problem with this rather unusual injury is resurfacing the defect, as it is a weight bearing area. The management of the injury with a microvascular free flap is presented and discussed. PMID- 40101 TI - Beta-blockers and peripheral gangrene. PMID- 40102 TI - Beta-blocking drugs and airways obstruction. PMID- 40103 TI - Pulmonary ascariasis. AB - A case of pulmonary ascariasis is reported for the first time in Australia. Because of increasing immigration from countries which have a high incidence of ascariasis (especially those of South-East Asia), and increasing travel to Asian countries, the awareness of this infestation as a cause of respiratory disease may be of great importance. PMID- 40104 TI - [Cerebral hypoxidoses--a frequent clinical and practical problem. 1. International Cetal Symposium, Helsinki, 7-10 December 1978]. PMID- 40105 TI - [Bone marrow insufficiency and hemangioendothelioma of the liver after thorotrast application: Late effects of thorotrast (thorium dioxide) in man (author's transl)]. AB - The report details with the late effects following administration of thorotrast in two patients: multicentre metastating hemangioendothelioma of the liver respective bone marrow insufficiency developed after application of thorotrast 34 respective 36 years ago. The clinical and autoptical findings are described and attention is drawn to the relevance of this disease at present time. PMID- 40106 TI - Pharmacological properties of histamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase from guinea pig cardiac ventricular muscle. PMID- 40107 TI - alpha-Adrenergic blockade and inhibition of A23187 mediated Ca2+ uptake by the calcium antagonist verapamil in rat liver cells. PMID- 40108 TI - Purification and properties of cAMP independent glycogen synthase kinase and phosvitin kinase from human leukocytes. AB - cAMP independent glycogen synthase kinase and phosvitin kinase activity was purified from the 180 000 x g supernatant of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by ammonium sulphate precipitation and phosphocellulose chromatography. The cAMP independent glycogen synthase kinase eluted from the phosphocellulose at 0.54 M NaCl (peak A) separate from the major phosvitin kinase eluting at 0.68 M NaCl (peak B). The kinase activity of both peaks tended to form aggregates, but in the presence of 0.6 M NaCl, the peak B enzyme had Mr 250 000, 7.2S and the peak A enzyme Mr 38 000, 3.8S. The ratio between synthase kinase and phosvitin kinase activity in peak A was 1:3.2 and in peak B 1:31.4. In addition the kinase activities differed with respect to sensitivity to temperature, ionic strength and CaCl2. It is suggested that the peak A enzyme represents the cAMP independent glycogen synthase kinase of leukocytes, whereas the peak B enzyme is a phosvitin kinase, which is insignificantly contaminated with some synthase kinase (peak A) and contains a separate, second synthase kinase. Synthase kinase had Kmapp 4.2 microM for muscle glycogen synthease I and Kmapp 45 microM for ATP. GTP was a poor substrate. The activity was not influenced by cyclic nucleotides, Ca2+, or glucose-6-P. Synthase I from muscle and leukocytes was phosphorylated to a ratio of independence of less than 0.05. PMID- 40109 TI - The temperature and pH-dependent transition of hen lysozyme. Characterization of two temperature-defined domains and of an N-acetylglucosamine (inhibitor) insensitive form. AB - The previously described temperature and pH-dependent transition in the solid state of hen lysozyme was studied in solution. Experiment concerning the velocity of lysis of M. luteus by lysozyme and its behavior in presence of an inhibitor (GlcNAc) as well as a reinvestigation of the Arrhenius curves over a large range of pH, demonstrated the existence of two temperature-induced domains. An inhibitor-insensitive lysozyme form was characterized at 40 degrees (physiological temperature). PMID- 40110 TI - Quantitative studies of Gm allotypes--III. Some effects of IgG aggregation in radioimmunoassays using human IgM and rabbit IgG anti-Gm antibodies. PMID- 40111 TI - 1,10-Phenanthroline mediated hemolysis--evidence that 1,10-phenanthroline does not substitute specifically for C9. PMID- 40112 TI - Allosteric and competitive steroid-receptor interactions. PMID- 40113 TI - Nuclear binding of glucocorticoid receptors. PMID- 40114 TI - Glucocorticoid induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in cultured cells. AB - For over a decade, tyrosine aminotransferase induction in tissue culture cells has been a useful model system in which to study glucocorticosteroid action. In the 1960s, the establishment in culture of rat hepatomas expressing the inducible enzyme, already known to be induced in liver in vivo, provoked a wide-ranging series of experiments. The data from these experiments have provided considerable information regarding the mechanism of action of steroids. These include the fundamental facts that the steroids act directly on the induced cell in unmetablized form, that removal of steroid results in deinduction, that induction does not require DNA synthesis or massive changes in RNA synthesis, and that cytoplasmic receptor occupancy by active steroids correlates closely with the steroids' ability to affect inductions. Studies in tissue culture cells have led to the analysis of transcriptional and posttranscriptional models attempting to explain enzyme induction. The effects on enzyme induction of nonsteroid hormones and other factors have been studied through the use of tissue culture cells. Finally, cells and clones of cell variants are being used to study enzyme induction, through biochemical analysis and cell genetic approaches, including somatic cell hybridization. PMID- 40115 TI - Multihormonal control of tyrosine aminotransferase in isolated liver cells. AB - The regulation of tyrosine aminotransferase activity by glucocorticoids and cyclic AMP was investigated in isolated liver parenchymal cell suspensions. The induction and maintenance of elevated levels of tyrosine aminotransferase activity in liver cells were completely dependent upon the presence of both the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, and glucagon of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. No induction was observed when any of these compounds were tested alone. Immunotitration experiments revealed that the 6- to 7-fold increase in tyrosine aminotransferase activity following the addition of dexamethasone and glucagon was accompanied by a parallel increase in the amount of immunologically reactive enzyme protein. Pulse-labeling experiments established that this increase in enzyme protein could be fully accounted for by a corresponding increase in rate of synthesis of tyrosine aminotransferase. Neither hormone had any effect on the rate of degradation of the enzyme. The increase in tyrosine aminotransferase synthesis evoked by the presence of both hormones was blocked by the addition of actinomycin D or cycloheximide to the medium, demonstrating that RNA and protein synthesis were required for the induction of enzyme activity. By varying the time and order of addition of the inducers and inhibitions, evidence was obtained that the hormones act sequentially. The steroid hormone acts first, presumably to increase the level of functional tyrosine aminotransferase mRNA or its precursor. The processing of this precursor to a translatable form or the specific translation of tyrosine aminotransferase mRNA is apparently dependent upon a specific cyclic AMP-controlled process. In vivo experiments demonstrated that both glucocorticoids and cyclic AMP increase the level of functional tyrosine aminotransferase mRNA in the liver. The actions of the steroid hormone and cyclic nucleotide were blocked by alpha amanitin, establishing the requirement for ongoing gene transcription. The protein synthesis inhibitors, cycloheximide, emetine, and puromycin, were as effective as cyclic AMP in increasing tyrosine aminotransferase mRNA activity. The action of these inhibitors is probably related to their ability to elevate hepatic intracellular cyclic AMP levels, thus mimicking cyclic AMP administration. Extension of these in vivo studies to isolated liver cells will provide a valuable system for investigating the regulation of gene expression by glucocorticoids and cyclic AMP. PMID- 40116 TI - Posttranscriptional regulation of glucocorticoid-regulated functions. AB - Relying heavily on studies of TAT regulation in cultured rat hepatoma cell lines, we have attempted in this brief review to discuss possible mechanisms for posttranscriptional regulation of glucocorticoid-sensitive enzymes and to chronicle the evidence for and against posttranscriptional mechanisms for specific enzyme induction by glucocorticoids. Initially, mechanisms were considered that would reconcile results showing sensitivity of both induction and deinduction of TAT to inhibitors of RNA synthesis with studies demonstrating first that glucocorticoids regulate the rates of specific enzyme synthesis and, then, that glucocorticoids regulate levels of enzyme-specific mRNA. Such reconciliation proved unnecessary when it was demonstrated that inhibitors of RNA synthesis such as actinomycin D were not specific for RNA synthesis, but also had effects on mRNA turnover and protein metabolism. The bulk of evidence to date establishes that glucocorticoids promote the production of enzyme-specific mRNA for the proteins whose synthesis is regulated by thses steroids. Nevertheless, there is still very little direct evidence that steroids can modulate rates of specific gene transcription. The glucocorticoid stimulation of mouse mammary tumor virus RNA production in cultured cell lines is the only example to date where such a mechanism is supported by RNA-DNA hybridization studies. Posttranscriptional actions of steroids on the turnover, processing, or extranuclear transport of specific mRNA precursors remain potential steps at which glucocorticoids might function. The rapid turnover of some glucocorticoid regulated enzymes and their mRNAs not only ensures a rapid response to steroid addition or withdrawal, but also subjects these proteins to relatively large fluctuations upon alterations in overall protein or mRNA metabolism. Thus many of the inductions and repressions of hepatic TAT and TO by mediators other than the glucocorticoids may be attributable entirely to nonspecific mechanisms. PMID- 40117 TI - Somatic cell fusion in the study of glucocorticoid action. AB - The basic phenomena of cell fusion and hybrid cell formation are briefly described and the potential of somatic cell hybridization in studies on the expression of differentiated cellular functions is discussed. The technique of cell hybridization has been applied to two types of cellular responses to glucocorticoids. The induction of specific proteins has been investigated in hybrids of inducible cells with uninducible cells. Most studies dealt with the liver-specific enzyme tyrosine aminotransferase, whose inducibility was extinguished in the majority of the hybrids between hepatoma and nonliver cells. However, upon chromosome segregation, inducibility reappeared in some of these hybrid cells. The current ideas about cellular control of inducibility are discussed. The other major glucocorticoid-responsive system investigated in cell hybridization studies consists of lymphoid cells which are killed when exposed to the steroid. Such sensitive cells were hybridized with several types of glucocorticoid-resistant lymphoid lines, and sensitivity was found to be dominant over resistence. Hybrids between sensitive and resistant lymphoid cells, however, showed an increase in the frequency at which resistance occurred as compared to the rate observed with the wild-type parental cells. No complementation to steroid sensitivity was found in hybrids between different types of resistant cells with defects in the glucocorticoid-specific receptor system. PMID- 40118 TI - Syneristic and antagonistic effects of glucocorticoids on insulin action. AB - HTC cells, an established line of rat hepatoma cells in tissue culture, provide a useful experimental model system for studying the interaction of glucocorticoids and insulin in the regulation of protein metabolism. The actions of insulin and glucocorticoids on amino acid transport and protein degradation are antagonistic in this cell line. In contrast, the actions of these two hormones are additive with regard to the induction of tyrosine aminotransferase. The addition of insulin to HTC cells previously incubated with dexamethasone causes a rapid further doubling in the cellular concentration of this enzyme. The properties of the induction by insulin differ in several respects from the induction by glucocorticoids. The former occurs immediately, without the characteristic lag observed during induction by steroids. Insulin induction of transaminase does not require concomitant RNA synthesis, and does not cause the accumulation of specific mRNA for this enzyme as do glucocorticoids. Using specific immunoprecipitation techniques, we have demonstrated that insulin stimulates a nonselective increase in the rate of total protein synthesis in HTC cells, and a selective decrease in the rate of degradation of tyrosine aminotransferase relative to total protein. Thus the induction of transaminase by insulin involves two distinct actions of the hormone, affecting both synthesis and degradation of protein. PMID- 40119 TI - The role of glucocorticoid hormones as biological amplifiers. AB - Recent research in hormone action has been aimed at studying single effects in well-defined systems. As exemplified in several chapters of this book, it has been possible to deduce a general mechanism of action of the glucocorticoids using this approach. Most hormones, and the glucocorticoids in particular, do not act as independent agents in the intact animal. Although the best known example of how glucocorticoids interact with other hormones is the amplification of the effect of those whose action is mediated by cAMP, these steroids also augment the effects of a variety of other hormones and effectors. Such interactions are of interest in clinical medicine as well, since glucocorticoid hormones are used in combination with other drugs in a number of conditions, including the treatment of asthma, allergies, and certain kinds of shock and cancer. Neither the biochemical nor the pharmacologic basis for the effects of the glucocorticoids is known. In some cases the actions of other hormones are not observed unless the tissue has first been exposed to glucocorticoids. In these instances the glucocorticoids are said to exert a "permissive effect," since they allow a process to proceed at a maximal rate even though the steroid itself has no effect on this process. There is no doubt that such examples exist, as documented above: thus the concept of a "permissive effect" does have utility. The term fails to describe the more general role the glucocorticoids play, since in many instances the steroid also has a direct effect on the process itself, or optimizes a process in which the primary effector is not as yet known. Because of these cases, and because the historically more general usage first proposed by INGLE [1] seems to have been forgotten, use of the term "permissive effect" has been avoided in this chapter. An ultimate goal in glucocorticoid hormone research is to identify the mechanisms involved in the amplification effect these hormones exert. Now that the actions of these hormones and of the hormones they interact with are being defined, such work is within the realm of feasibility. PMID- 40120 TI - [Molsidomin compared to nitrates. Use in patients with manifest coronary disease]. PMID- 40121 TI - [Skin manifestation of internal diseases]. PMID- 40122 TI - [Main points of the 31. Therapy Congress in Karlsruhe]. PMID- 40123 TI - [Synergism]. PMID- 40124 TI - DNA-damaging and mutagenic effects of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine on Bacillus subtilis repair-deficient mutants. AB - Mutagenic, DNA-damaging, and in vivo alteration of DNA have been demonstrated for 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), a potent inducer of adenocarcinomas of the large intestine and colon of rats. These activities are pH-dependent, with 6.5 giving optimum response. There was no requirement for metabolic activation with rat liver S9 mix when the appropriate Bacillus subtilis mutant strains were used. The Rec- strains recA8 and mc-1 were greater than 300-fold more sensitive to the DNA damaging activity of DMH than was their isogenic wild-type parent. The DNA isolated from DMH-treated mc-1 had altered spectroscopic characteristics, and gave a greatly reduced transformation efficiency. Treatment of B. subtilis strain TKJ6321 with DMH at pH 6.5 induced His+, Met+ mutations in substantial numbers at low concentrations of this chemical. The use of B. subtilis mutants in these studies has therefore made it possible to demonstrate mutagenic and DNA-damaging activity in bacteria for this potent carcinogenic chemical. PMID- 40125 TI - Abstracts of the foundation for Life Sciences Symposium on Muscle, Nerve, and Brain Degeneration. Sydney, NSW, Australia, February 14-16, 1979. PMID- 40126 TI - Fatty acid biosynthesis in Wallerian degeneration of rat sciatic nerve. AB - In-vitro fatty acid biosynthesis was studied in normal rat sciatic nerve and during wallerian degeneration. Normal nerve incorporated 1,3-C14-malonyl-CoA and 1-C14-acetyl-CoA into fatty acids by a de-novo biosynthetic pathway. The reaction product with highest radioactivity was palmitic acid, and the free fatty acids of nerve contained 90% of the total fatty acid label. During wallerian degeneration, there was a rapid increase of fatty acid biosynthesis that reached a peak between 16 and 24 days after nerve section. Values declined to normal levels at approximately 50 days. PMID- 40127 TI - Antileukemic effect of graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 40128 TI - Psychotherapy and the single synapse. The impact of psychiatric thought on neurobiologic research. PMID- 40129 TI - Treatment of vasculitis with cyclophosphamide. PMID- 40130 TI - Treatment of vasculitis with cyclophosphamide. PMID- 40131 TI - Treatment of vasculitis with cyclophosphamide. PMID- 40132 TI - High serum neuroleptic levels in tardive dyskinesia? PMID- 40133 TI - [Improvement in the quality of rape seed by combining silage with fodder sugar beets. 1. Quality evaluation of the silages]. AB - Industrial-scale studies showed that the addition of rape-seed flakes to half sugar mangels improves the feeding value and the quality of the silages. Furthermore, it was found that the development of yeasts was inhibited and that the propagation of acidifiers was retarded as the proportion of rape-seed increased. The microbiological analysis indicates that the amount of rape-seed added to the half sugar mangels should not exceed 10%. PMID- 40134 TI - Synthetic estimates for small areas: Statistical Workshop papers and discussion. PMID- 40135 TI - Competence for genetic transformation in pneumococcus depends on synthesis of a small set of proteins. AB - In bacterial genetic transformation the uptake of DNA and its integration into the resident chromosome is dependent on a special cellular state, termed competence. In those species where appearance of competence has been studied, specific (but often poorly defined) growth conditions lead to a simultaneous development of competence in a substantial fraction of the cells in a culture. In Bacillus subtilis, and in Haemophilus species, competence appears in the stationary phase of growth or in certain other growth-limiting conditions. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is perhaps unusual in that virtually all cells of a culture become competent, for a short period at a specific cell density during logarithmic growth, without perturbing the growth rate. The synchronous appearance of competence in pneumococcal cultures results from an autocatalytic effect of a small protein released by the cells that induces competence. The response to competence factor has been shown to require protein synthesis. We report here additional information on the nature of competence in pneumococcus: pulse-labelling studies show that for the brief period of competence protein synthesis is restricted to a few specific polypeptides. PMID- 40136 TI - Specific labelling of postsynaptic alpha 1 adrenoceptors in rat heart ventricle by 3H-WB 4101. AB - The alpha-adrenoceptor ligand, 3H-WB 4101 binds to a single population of independent sites in the rat heart ventricle. These sites are not affected by chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine and thus appear to be located postsynaptically. The relative order of potencies for displacement of 3H-WB 4101 binding:prazosin greater than phentolamine greater than yohimbine, is characteristic of that of the alpha 1 type of adrenoceptors. In heart ventricle 3H WB-4101 thus seems to label specifically postsynaptically located alpha 1 adrenoceptors. The significance of the specificity of this ligand is discussed with relevance to its use in the central nervous system. PMID- 40137 TI - Binding of tricyclic antidepressants and perazine to human plasma. Methodology and findings in normals. PMID- 40138 TI - Stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors by dobutamine in the guinea-pig atrium and tracheal chain. PMID- 40140 TI - Deutsche Pharmakologische Gesellschaft. Abstracts, Fall meeting, September 3--6, 1979, Munchen. PMID- 40139 TI - Modulatory role of catecholamines on tyrosine hydroxylase induction. AB - The possible modulatory role of cytoplasmic catecholamines on tyrosine hydroxylase induction was studied. Rat superior cervical ganglia were kept in organ culture and after 48 h tyrosine hydroxylase activity was determined. Exposure to 10(-4) M carbachol during 4 h almost doubled the control activity. Incubation with 10(-5) M noradrenaline or 10(-5) M dopamine impaired the carbachol-mediated induction of the enzyme. This effect was not blocked by 10(-7) M propranolol, 2.4 X 10(-6) M haloperidol or 3.1 X 10(-6) M phentolamine. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity by 5.1 X 10(-4) M pargyline inhibited the effect of carbachol. When the pool of endogenous catecholamines was decreased by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, carbachol induced tyrosine hydroxylase to the same extent as in non-depleted ganglia. It is suggested that the long-term regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase is modulated by a strategic cytoplasmic pool of catecholamines. PMID- 40141 TI - [Studies in swine for the cause of development of testicular abnormalities following archidepexy]. PMID- 40142 TI - [Halcion - the unmasking of a myth]. PMID- 40143 TI - [Membership Congress of the Royal Dutch Society for the Promotion of Medical Practice. Nutrition. From papers given on 4-6 October 1979 in Maastricht]. PMID- 40144 TI - [Liver damage caused by glaphenine]. PMID- 40145 TI - [Serious to fatal liver damage following taking of glaphenine]. PMID- 40146 TI - [Acute yellow atrophy following taking of glaphenine]. PMID- 40147 TI - [Hepatitis caused by glaphenine]. PMID- 40148 TI - Peritoneal clearances with three types of commerically available peritoneal dialysis solutions. Effects of pH adjustment and intraperitoneal nitroprusside. AB - Peritoneal clearances were measured in multiple patients with different types of peritoneal dialysis solution to assess the effects of pH, choice of buffer anion (acetate versus lactate), and the effects of nitroprusside (a vasodilator) in combination with different buffer anions and varying pH. The studies show no differences in peritoneal clearances at very low solution pH (less than 6 as is commonly available) as compared to a pH nearer to 7 or above. There were no diffences between solutions with acetate as compared to those with acetate. Nitroprusside significantly increased clearances in all solutions to a similar extent. PMID- 40149 TI - Tubular function in adult polycystic kidney disease. AB - Various tubular functions were assessed in 10 patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Three relatively unique abnormalities were apparent in many of these patients -- an inability to maximally concentrate urine, a decrease in ability to lower urine pH after acute acid challenge, and an inability to excrete adequate amounts of ammonium during persistent acid challenge. The defects in urinary acidification and ammonium excretion in PKD have not been previously described. PMID- 40150 TI - Abnormalities of neurotransmitter enzymes in Huntington's chorea. AB - The activities of L-glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), GABA-transaminase (GABA-T), choline acetyltransferase (CAT), and cysteic and cysteinesulfinic acids decarboxylase (CAD/CSAD) in putamen and frontal cortex in both Huntington's chorea and normal tissues were measured. The greatest difference between Huntington's and normal tissues occurred in putamen, in which the apparent CSAD activity was reduced by 85%, while no difference was observed in frontal cortex. GAD, CAD, and CAT activities were also reduced in putamen by 65%, 63%, and 42%, respectively (P less than 0.05). Slight reduction in the enzyme activities was also observed in frontal cortex. However, these reductions appeared to be statistically insignificant (P greater than 0.05 in all cases). GABA-T showed little difference in both putamen and frontal cortex in Huntington's chorea and normal tissues. GAD and GABA-T from Huntington's tissues were indistinguishable from those obtained from normal tissues by double diffusion test and by microcomplement fixation test, which is capable of distinguishing proteins with a single amino acid substitution. Furthermore, the similarity of the complement fixation curves for GAD from Huntington's and normal tissues suggests that the decrease in GAD activity is probably due to the reduction in the number of GAD molecules, presumably through the loss of neurons, and not due to the inhibition or inactivation of GAD activity by toxic substances which might be present in Huntington's chorea. PMID- 40151 TI - Stimulation by subsynaptosomal fractions of transmitter efflux from plain synaptic vesicle fraction. AB - The effects were investigated of purified subsynaptic fractions on the efflux of radioactivity from a plain synaptic vesicle fraction which had incorporated [3H]dopamine. About 50% of the radioactivity incorporated into the plain vesicles (120 microgram protein) was liberated on exposure to purified synaptic membranes (30 microgram protein). The synaptic membrane-dependent efflux appeared to depend on both adenosine triphosphate and divalent cations, especially Ca2+. Of the sub cellular fractions used, the heavy microsomal fraction showed the same effects as the synaptic membrane fraction. Purified synaptic junctions exhibited the strongest stimulating effects: the efflux was 2 times greater than that observed with synaptic membranes. The stimulating effects of myelin were less than one seventh of those of synaptic junctional fraction. These observations may indicate that the transmitters are liberated by interaction of vesicle membrane with synaptic membrane in the presence of ATP and divalent cations. PMID- 40152 TI - Effect of adenosine on depolarization-induced release of various radiolabelled neurotransmitters from slices of rat corpus striatum. PMID- 40153 TI - Differential effects of typical and atypical neuroleptics on alpha-noradrenergic and dopaminergic post synaptic receptors. PMID- 40154 TI - Effect of narcotic analgesics on plasma cyclic AMP levels in male mice. PMID- 40155 TI - Morphine-induced catalepsy in mice. Modification by drugs acting on neurotransmitter systems. PMID- 40156 TI - The uptake and release of putative amino acid neurotransmitters. PMID- 40157 TI - Criteria for the identification of central neurotransmitters, and their application to studies with some nerve tissue preparations in vitro. PMID- 40158 TI - Differences between inbred rat strains in the alteration of adrenal catecholamine synthesizing enzyme activities after immobilization stress. PMID- 40159 TI - Postnatal changes in the content of basic and acidic proteins in rat brain astroglia and oligodendroglia. PMID- 40160 TI - The central neurology of mammalian thermoregulation. PMID- 40161 TI - Contributions of different afferent pathways to the catecholamine and 5 hydroxytryptamine-innervation of the amygdala: a neurochemical and histochemical study. PMID- 40162 TI - The effect of some putative neurotransmitters on the release of 5 hydroxytryptamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid from slices of the rat midbrain raphe area. PMID- 40163 TI - [Introduction to the International Congress on Metabolic Tubular Nephropathies; Parma, 10 June 1978]. PMID- 40164 TI - [Classification of congenital tubular nephropathies]. PMID- 40165 TI - [Distal tubular acidosis]. PMID- 40166 TI - [Immediate and long-term fate of children whose mothers were treated with beta mimetics at various times during pregnancy]. PMID- 40167 TI - [Labor: possibility of modifying its course by means of administration of drugs with spasmolytic action]. PMID- 40168 TI - Abstracts of the Second Annual Meeting of the Japan Neuroscience Society Tokyo, Japan, January 28, 29, 1979. PMID- 40169 TI - [Why a symposium: 'Hearing and vision in the elderly'?]. PMID- 40170 TI - Dietary influences on the synthesis of neurotransmitters in the brain. PMID- 40171 TI - 'Junior doctoring'. PMID- 40172 TI - Epidemic polyarthritis in Fiji and New Zealand. PMID- 40173 TI - In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae in New Zealand. AB - Ninety-seven isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae referred to the National Health Institute between January 1976 and March 1978 were tested for their susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials. All were susceptible to penicillin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, clindamycin, cephalothin and rifampicin. Resistance to tetracycline was found in 9.3 percent of the isolates, and 9.7 percent were resistant to a combination of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim. PMID- 40174 TI - Infantile polyarteritis nodosa or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 40175 TI - Child abuse revisited. PMID- 40176 TI - Tuberculosis in the 1980s: a case for short-course chemotherapy. PMID- 40177 TI - Peer review and quality assurance in health care in Australia: a conference report. PMID- 40179 TI - Cardiovascular aspects of autonomic dysreflexia since Guttmann and Whitteridge (1947). PMID- 40178 TI - Electroretinogram in general medicine. AB - The interest of the usage of the electroretinogram in various fields of general medicine is discussed, with particular regard to endocrinology, ionic changes and neurology. A review from the relevant literature and original contributions from the author's laboratory are reported in detail. PMID- 40180 TI - An introduction to modern allergy for the practicing pediatrician. PMID- 40181 TI - Red cell oxygen affinity, hemoglobin type, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, and pH as a function of fetal development. AB - Studies were carried out on fresh cord blood obtained at delivery from nonstressed normal fetuses ranging from 24 to 42 weeks of gestation, to determine the relationship of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG), the intracellular red cell and extracellular pH, and the proportions of adult and fetal hemoglobin in regulating the position of fetal red cell oxygen affinity in utero. There was a significant positive correlation between P50 and gestational age (r = .62, P less than .001), the linear regression increased from 17.8 to 22.5 mm Hg. There was also a significant positive correlation between P50 and the percentage of adult type hemoglobin (HbA) (r = .67, P less than .001). In contrast gestational age had no effect of 2,3-DPG levels, the mean and SD was 14.86 +/- 2.04 mol/gm of Hb or delta pH between plasma and red cell, the mean was 0.187 +/- SD 0.032. However, there was a significant negative correlation between the intraerythrocyte hydrogen ion concentration and DPG level (r = .5, P less than .025). It is concluded therefore that the decrease in fetal oxygen affinity as gestation progresses is related mainly to the increase in the amount of HbA and the levels of DPG or delta pH between plasma and red cells are not a function of gestational age. PMID- 40182 TI - [Recurrent acute thrombopenia after glaphenine. 1 case]. PMID- 40183 TI - [Polyarteritis nodosa with ureteric stenosis. Two cases (author's transl)]. AB - In two cases, surgical exploration fully confirmed that ureteric stenosis was related to PAN. There are four cases of this association in the litterature but it is probable that the frequency of such stenosis is underestimated: amongst 75 patients being treated for PAN in our department, only 11 underwent intravenous urography, 10 being abnormal. PMID- 40184 TI - [Obstructive cardiomyopathy of the left ventricle: prolonged treatment using beta blockers. Haemodynamic, cineangiocardiographic and echographic study (author's transl)]. PMID- 40185 TI - [The physiological basis of the treatment of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 40186 TI - [Periarteritis nodosa and ischemic paraneoplastic syndromes]. PMID- 40187 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of flunitrazepam]. PMID- 40188 TI - [Insomnia in clinical psychiatry. Treatment with flunitrazepam]. PMID- 40189 TI - [Flunitrazepam in the treatment of insomniacs in a department of neurology]. PMID- 40190 TI - [Use of flunitrazepam in 41 cases of severe insomnia in hospitalized psychiatric patients]. PMID- 40191 TI - [Clinical trial of flunitrazepam in the practice of a hospital service in general psychiatry]. PMID- 40192 TI - [Clinical study of flunitrazepam in a hospital department of psychiatry]. PMID- 40193 TI - [Insomnia in alcoholics recently detoxified: treatment with flunitrazepam]. PMID- 40194 TI - [Four years of experience by a hypnotist in psychiatry. Two hundred patients treated with flunitrazepam]. PMID- 40195 TI - [Action of flunitrazepam on organic and functional sleep disorders]. PMID- 40196 TI - [Treatment of severe insomnia in a psychiatric milieu with flunitrazepam]. PMID- 40197 TI - [Double-blind trial of flunitrazepam in insomnia]. PMID- 40198 TI - [Study of flunitrazepam in orthopedic surgery and traumatology]. PMID- 40199 TI - [Study of a hypnotic agent in insomnia of the aged]. PMID- 40200 TI - [Study of flunitrazepam in a psychiatric practice]. PMID- 40201 TI - [High altitude insomnia. Efficacy of flunitrazepam]. PMID- 40202 TI - [Shy and Drager syndrome. Physiopathological and pharmacological approach based upon one case (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a new case of Shy and Drager syndrome characterized by the severity of the extrapyramidal signs as well as that of orthostatic hypotension and urinary dysfunction. Peripheral adrenergic disturbance was proven, associated with an abnormality of the renin-angiotensin system. The authors describe the various drugs tried experimentally in treatment of the three main symptoms of the disease. A combination of Trihexyphenidyl and Dibenzepine finally appeared to be the most effective. Six months later, there remained a marked improvement in extrapyramidal signs and orthostatic hypotension. By contrast there was no improvement in urological symptoms. PMID- 40203 TI - [Polyendocrine adenomatosis or type 2b multiple endocrine neoplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 40204 TI - [In defense of the French language]. PMID- 40205 TI - [International Congress of Hematology. Paris- July 1978. "Summing-up" of scientific meetings]. PMID- 40206 TI - [French Society of Hematology. XVth meeting of the French group of hemostasis and thrombosis. Abstracts of the meetings on platelets vessel wall interaction, Bordeaux, France, November 26, 1978]. PMID- 40207 TI - The temperature and pH dependence of conformational transitions of the chromatin subunit. AB - Hydrodynamic, spectroscopic, and chemical crosslinking studies on monomer chromatin subnits are reported as a function of ionic strength, pH, and temperature. In earlier studies, two salt-dependent conformational transitions were described (Gordon et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 75, 660, 1978). Transition one occurred between 0.7 and 2.0 mM ionic strength and transition two occurred between 5.0 and 11.0 mM ionic strength. Crosslinking at 11 mM ionic strength with formaldehyde suppressed both transitions. In this communication we report that the second transition was characterized by changes in the circular dichroism spectra in the 260--320 nm region as well as by changes in the hydrodynamic properties. As the ionic strength was increased from 5.0 to 11.0 mM, [theta]282 decreased from 2000 TO 1500 DEG CM2/DMOLE AND [THETA]295 decreased from 0 to -400 deg cm2/dmole. Both transitions occurred in the pH range from pH 6.0 to 9.2. At pH 5.0, the two ionic strength-dependent transitions were no longer observed and the characteristic changes in the circular dichroism spectra were suppressed. The spectra of the monomer subunits at pH 5.0 showed only small changes with ionic strength and resembled the spectra of the subunits at 11 mM ionic strength above pH 6.0. In order to characterize the transitions in thermodynamic terms an ionic strength near the midpoint of each transition was selected. Then, changes in s20,w and D20,w were measured as a function of temperature. These data allow an estimation to be made of the enthalpies and entropies of the transitions. PMID- 40208 TI - Complexes formed by (pyrimidine)n . (purine)n DNAs on lowering the pH are three stranded. AB - (Pyrimidine)n . (purine)n DNAs of repeating sequences form a distinctive complex on lowering the pH below 6. Previously this complex was thought to be tetra stranded. The present work is inconsistent with this view, and four lines of evidence show that the complex consists of a triplex together with a poly d(purine) possessing secondary structure. Formula: (see text). (a) S1 nuclease digestion leads to degradation of 50% of the poly d(purine) content of the pH 5 induced complex. (b) Buoyant density studies demonstrate that there is no interaction between the triplex and added free poly d(purine) and also that the complex formed from duplex DNA contained poly d(purine) which is free to form a triplex on addition of an appropriate poly d(pyrimidine) in the correct stoichiometry. (c) The hyperchromic shifts of the triplex and poly d(purine), upon melting, are mutually independent. (d) The circular dichroism spectrum of the complex is simply the weighted average of a triplex together with a free poly d(purine). The triplexes have tm's approximately 20 degrees higher than the corresponding duplexes under comparable conditions and they are extremely resistant to various deoxyribonucleases; properties which may prove useful for their isolation from natural sources. PMID- 40210 TI - Oral complications of bone marrow transplantation in adults with acute leukemia. AB - In recent years bone marrow transplantation has become increasingly feasible for treating adult acute leukemia unresponsive to chemotherapy. However, the technique is not without significant intrinsic morbidity. The mouth is a singularly sensitive reflector of the cytotoxic, infectious, and hemorrhagic complications and of the graft-vs-host reactions associated with bone marrow transplantation in refractory acute leukemia. PMID- 40209 TI - Specificity and mode of cleavage of the pH 4.0 endonuclease from adenovirus type 2 - infected KB cells. AB - Adenovirus type 2 or lambda DNA was digested with the pH 4.0 endonuclease, purified from adenovirus 2-infected KB cells. The enzyme produces a limit digest of approximate size in the range of 140-210 base pairs long. The termini of the DNA fragments generated by the endonuclease digestion had 3'-P and 5'-OH groups. The 3' and 5' end groups of the products were analyzed. Our data indicate that 3' end group was a purine (68-76%), dA occuring about twice the frequency of dG. The 5' end group was either dG or dC with equal frequency. Data obtained by treatment of the 5' labeled endonuclease product of lambda DNA with single-strand specific S1 nuclease from Asperigillus oryzae or exonuclease VII from Escherichia coli indicated that the majority of the products had a short 5' protruding ends. The mode of cleavage of this endonuclease seems to be through initial formation of several single-strand breaks with some base specificity. If these breaks are at close proximity on opposite strands, double-stranded fragments with protruding ends are generated. PMID- 40211 TI - Acute mountain sickness. Proceedings of a symposium held at the Medical School, University of Birmingham on Friday, 14 July, 1978. PMID- 40212 TI - Acid-base changes associated with respiratory acclimatization to altitude. AB - The respiratory changes associated with chronic hypoxia are described. The possible biochemical mechanisms which are responsible for the changes in control of ventilation are discussed and relevant experimental evidence assessed. PMID- 40213 TI - [Restoration of enzyme induction, reduced as a result of long-term cortisol administration, in rat liver]. AB - Restoration of tyrosinamine transferase (TAT) with cortisol in the rat hepatocytes after the cessation of prolonged (for many days) administration of this hormone was investigated. The effect of the liver regeneration and insulin administration on this process was also studied. In single cortisol administration the TAT activity rose 5-fold; the induction response decreased after 21 days of daily administration. The TAT induction in response to cortisol administration was restored completely only on the 25th--30th day after the cessation of this hormone injection. A three-day insulin administration led to the restoration of TAT induction in response to cortisol administration. The process of the liver regeneration during the first 24 hours after partial hepatectomy induced TAT in the cells of both control animals and those given cortisol for prolonged periods; besides, it aided restoration of the induction response to cortisol administration. PMID- 40214 TI - [Symposium "Biosynthesis, structure, function and mechanism of action of peptide protein hormones"]. PMID- 40215 TI - [Organophosphorus compounds as regulators of reversible hemoglobin oxygenation]. PMID- 40216 TI - [Physicochemical and biological properties of perfluorotributylamine emulsions]. PMID- 40217 TI - Neurological features of polyarteritis nodosa. AB - A series of 20 cases of polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is presented. Clinical features of 2 cases are described in more detail to illustrate the most common neurological complications. PAN is an uncommon disease but one which usually presents with some form of neurological disturbance, often a mononeuritis multiplex or a symmetrical polyneuropathy. Diagnosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion as serological tests are at best non-specific, and absolute biopsy proof often requires examination of multiple sites. Early diagnosis is important, as treatment with corticosteriods usually induces symptomatic relief and provides a better chance of long term survival. If an acute remission is obtained the patient not only should have a good quality of life but in a proportion of cases, where the remission is prolonged, steroid therapy may be ceased. PMID- 40218 TI - The pharmacology of anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 40219 TI - The effect of replacing acetate with bicarbonate in the dialysate of stable chronic hemodialysis patients. PMID- 40220 TI - Mass balance of base equivalents during hemodialysis: importance of organic acid anions. AB - Acid-base changes during hemodialysis cannot be calculated solely from the balance of acetate and bicarbonate. Organic acid losses strongly influence acid base balance during hemodialysis. Changes in organic acid concentrations might alter acid-base balance in hemodialysis patients. PMID- 40221 TI - Cardiac function changes in patients during hemodialysis. PMID- 40222 TI - Reflex hypoventilation and decreased arterial oxygen tension during ultrafiltration. PMID- 40223 TI - Active transport of calcium in Neurospora plasma membrane vesicles. AB - Functionally inverted plasma membrane vesicles isolated from the eukaryotic microorganism Neurospora crassa catalyze Mg2+/ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake. Inhibitors induced efflux studies and isotope-exchange experiments indicate that the Ca2+ is accumulated inside the vesicles against a concentration gradient of about 40-fold, and that the majority of the transported Ca2+ is present essentially in free solution. Comparisons of Mg2+/ATP-driven 45Ca2+ uptake and [14C]SCN-uptake with respect to the Mg2+/ATP concentration dependence, the effects of inhibitors, and the nucleotide and divalent cation specificities indicate that the energy for Ca2+ accumulation is derived from ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by the electrogenic plasma membrane ATPase. Energized Ca2+ uptake is stimulated by the permeant anion SCN- to a degree that varies reciprocally with the ability of this anion to dissipate the membrane potential, and is inhibited by K+ in the presence of nigericin. All of these data point to the conclusion that the active transport of Ca2+ across the Neurospora plasma membrane takes place via a Ca2+/H+ antiporter, which functions to pump Ca2+ out of the intact cell. PMID- 40224 TI - Urinary acidification in turtle bladder is due to a reversible proton translocating ATPase. AB - Adverse proton electrochemical gradients (delta muH) applied across the turtle urinary bladder decrease active H+ transport in this epithelium. A delta muH of 180 mV abolishes both transport and its tightly coupled metabolic reaction. Larger gradients should, in theory, reverse the direction of H+ transport and the metabolic reaction leading to synthesis of ATP if the pump is an ATPase, or cause an increase in the oxidized state of a redox pair if it is a redox pump. To distinguish between these two possibilities, we measured ATP levels in epithelial cells that were poisoned to inhibit cellular mechanisms of ATP synthesis. At delta muH of 120 mV or less no ATP synthesis was found. At delta muH of greater than 120 mV there was a linear increase in ATP synthesis. Dinitrophenol, a H+ carrier, prevented synthesis at delta muH of 310 mV. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, an inhibitor of H+ transport that works at the cell surface, prevented ATP synthesis at delta muH of 310 mV. These results demonstrate that a reversible proton translocating ATPase in the mucosal border of the bladder is the H+ pump responsible for urinary acidification. PMID- 40225 TI - Uptake and accumulation of putrescine and its lethality in Anacystis nidulans. AB - The rate of uptake of putrescine by Anacystis nidulans has been shown to depend on the external pH and the extracellular concentration of putrescine. Accumulation of exogenous putrescine was also proportional to the concentration of putrescine in the medium, suggesting that putrescine uptake was not subject to cellular regulation. An equation was derived to test the hypothesis that putrescine accumulation was due to ion trapping. Comparison of the predicted and observed intracellular concentrations of putrescine under various conditions showed a close correlation in support of the hypothesis of ion trapping. Under conditions leading to cell death (e.g., 150 microM putrescine, pH 9.8), the correlation did not hold as a result of leakage of accumulated putrescine. PMID- 40226 TI - Testosterone and its precursors and metabolites enhance guanylate cyclase activity. AB - Both testosterone and cyclic GMP stimulate DNA synthesis. Because cyclic GMP and testosterone seem to have similar actions, the objective of this investigation was to determine if testosterone and its precursors might have part of their mechanism of action through stimulation of guanylate cyclase [GTP pyrophosphate lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.2], the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of cyclic GMP from GTP. The precursors--namely, progesterone, pregnenolone, 17 alpha progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone--caused a 2- to 3 1/2-fold enhancement of guanylate cyclase activity in rat liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and ventral prostate at a concentration of 1 microM. These precursors are generated from cholesterol, which had no effect itself on guanylate cyclase activity. Testosterone, 19 nortestosterone, 17-methyltestosterone, and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone enhanced guanylate cyclase activity 2- to 5-fold in the same tissues at 1 microM. Etiocholanolone, androsterone, and epiandrosterone, metabolites of testosterone metabolism, enhanced guanylate cyclase activity 1 1/2- to 2-fold at this same concentration. Dose-response relationships revealed that testosterone and its precursors and metabolites had their maximal effect at 1 microM but still had some effect at 0.001 microM. The data in this investigation suggest that the guanylate cyclase-cyclic GMP system plays a role in the mechanism of action of testosterone and its precursors. PMID- 40227 TI - The gamma-aminobutyric acid system in rabbit retina: localization by immunocytochemistry and autoradiography. AB - The localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons in the rabbit retina has been studied by immunocytochemical localization of the GABA-synthesizing enzyme L-glutamate decarboxylase (L-glutamate I-carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.15) and by [3H]GABA uptake autoradiography. When Triton X-100 was included in immunocytochemical incubations with a modified protein A-peroxidase antiperoxidase method, reaction product was found in four broad, evenly spaced laminae within the inner plexiform layer. In the absence of the detergent, these laminae were seen to be composed of small, punctate deposits. When colchicine was injected intravitreally before glutamate decarboxylase staining, cell bodies with the characteristic shape and location of amacrine cells were found to be immunochemically labeled. Intravitreally administered [3H]GABA produced a diffuse labeling of the inner plexiform layer and a dense labeling of certain amacrine cell bodies in the inner nuclear layer. Both immunocytochemical and autoradiographic results support the notion that certain, if not all, amacrine cells use GABA as their neurotransmitter. PMID- 40228 TI - Occurrence and role of tightly bound adenine nucleotides in sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit skeletal muscle. AB - Freshly isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles contain 0.05 mol of tightly bound ADP and 0.03 mol of tightly bound ATP per mol of Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3). These values were increased to 0.1-0.2 mol ADP and 0.2-0.3 mol ATP per mol of ATPase after incubation of vesicles in the presence of MgATP and Ca2+ at 25 degrees C and pH 7.0. Half-maximal enrichment of tightly bound nucleotides was obtained with 2.5 mM ATP and 0.32 microM free Ca2+. Uncoupling of calcium transport from ATPase activity by mild acidic conditions or with ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid at pH 7.0 decreased the ability of the membranes to be enriched with tightly bound nucleotides and also decreased the content of tightly bound nucleotides of previously enriched membranes. Tightly bound [3H]nucleotides could only be partially displaced by reincubation under enrichment conditions. Tightly bound nucleotides are associated with energized calcium translocation but do not appear to be directly involved in the catalytic cycle. PMID- 40229 TI - Mechanism of toxicity of putrescine in Anacystis nidulans. AB - Putrescine is lethal to the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans at extracellular pH values at which significant concentrations of the nonprotonated diamine rapidly diffuse into the cell and accumulate as the charged form. Although over 98% of the accumulated putrescine is not metabolized, a small fraction is rendered trichloroacetic acid-insoluble, and about 90% of this is bound as putrescinie to proteins and cell structures. Various synthetic functions were studied in the presence of a bacteriostatic (40 microM) and a bacteriocidal (150 microM) concentration of putrescine at pH 9.5. Under lethal conditions, protein synthesis was completely inhibited after 45 min and CO2 fixation after 100 min, whereas nucleic acid synthesis was less affected. Spermidine was lost from the cell and its synthesis was arrested. These functions were much less inhibited at 40 microM putrescine. Ribosomes from putrescine-killed cells were found to be irreversibly dissociated into 30S and 50S subunits. Some putrescine (1-4 molecules) cosedimented with each subunit. PMID- 40230 TI - UV-endonuclease from calf thymus with specificity toward pyrimidine dimers in DNA. AB - We describe the partial purification of an endonuclease from calf thymus that nicks phage PM2 DNA irradiated with UV doses producing only a few pyrimidine dimers per molecule. It has much less activity on DNA that has been subjected to enzymatic photoreactivation after UV irradiation. The calf thymus endonuclease is different from other mammalian UV-endonucleases so far described in that it seems to be dimer specific. The enzyme is stimulated by Mg2+ and is inactive in the presence of EDTA. It binds to UV-irradiated DNA-Sepharose from which it is released by low concentrations of KCl. Gel filtration data indicate that the endonuclease may belong to a high molecular weight protein or protein complex. The enzyme is very labile and freezing increases its lability. PMID- 40231 TI - Long-term hazards to man from man-made chemicals in the environment. The Royal Society's Study Group on Long-term Toxic Effects. PMID- 40232 TI - Detection of risk of cancer to man. AB - Epidemiology can pick out large-scale determinants of human cancer, such as smoking. Also, epidemiology can pick out carcinogens such as asbestos to which groups of perhaps a few hundred or a few thousand workers have been heavily exposed for decades. However, if highly exposed groups cannot be studied then epidemiology cannot recognize carcinogens which, although perhaps widely distributed, produce only a small percentage increase in particular cancers. Almost all of the environmental pollutants that can affect human cancer incidence will do so only to a very minor extent, at the levels to which we are currently exposed. For this reason, and also because it is often difficult to define an exposed and an unexposed group which do not differ in other ways as well, it will almost always be impossible to do anything epidemiologically except to set a very crude upper limit on their likely hazards. The only way, therefore, to get any direct estimate of these hazards is by laboratory studies of the effects of high doses on various model systems. For this and for other reasons, it would be highly desirable to have good laboratory models for human carcinogenesis. The characteristics required of satisfactory laboratory systems are reviewed, and it is argued that systematic errors may arise unless one studies epithelial cells from large, long-lived species under conditions of chronic, low-dose exposure to noxious test agents in conjunction with standard chronic doses of agents which may be synergistic with the test agents. (Carcinogenic mutagens may be synergistic with carcinogenic non-mutagens.) For reasons of expense and speed, such studies must be done in vitro. If such in-vitro systems can be developed, either by using tissue explants or cell cultures, an important criterion which they will have to satisfy to be trusted will be that under chronic exposure the rate of transformation should be proportional to something like the fourth power of exposure duration. This paper chiefly reviews the reasons for choosing these specifications for a trustworthy in-vitro model for human carcinogenesis. PMID- 40233 TI - Carcinogen prediction in the laboratory: a personal view. AB - Although carcinogens can be divided into various categories, i.e. viruses, physical agents and synthetic and naturally occurring chemicals, it is the latter that give rise to the greatest concern because of their number, quantity and distribution. Present methods of testing chemicals for potential carcinogenicity rely in the main on administration of these at maximally tolerated dose levels to animals, usually rodents, for the animals' lifetime. Such tests would be economically impractical for all chemicals to which man is exposed. New methods have recently been introduced to screen large numbers of chemicals quickly and cheaply which rely on the unifying hypothesis that all carcinogenic chemicals are electrophiles or must be converted to such by metabolism. These methods will be reviewed and compared with traditional methods of carcinogenicity testing, particularly as to their role in attempting to predict hazard to man. PMID- 40234 TI - Cardiovascular disease and trace metals. AB - Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.K. and other developed countries. In the U.K., mortality from coronary heart disease has increased progressively over the past 25 years, particularly in males. This paper examines the possible role of trace metals in the development of cardiovascular disease, with particular reference to the effects of cobalt, cadmium and lead in myocardial disease, atherosclerosis and hypertension. It is concluded that cobalt is an unimportant factor in community levels of cardiovascular disease, that cadmium has striking effects on blood pressure in animals and that there is some evidence for an association between environmental lead and high blood pressure. PMID- 40235 TI - Polybrominated biphenyls in Michigan. PMID- 40236 TI - Occupational experience. PMID- 40237 TI - Record linkage and the identification of long-term environmental hazards. AB - The long-term effects of toxic substances in man that have been discovered so far have involved gross relative risks or bizarre effects, or have stumbled upon by chance or because of special circumstances. These facts and some recent epidemiological evidence together suggest that a systematic approach with better methods would reveal the effects of many more toxic substances, particularly in manufacturing industry. Record linkage is a powerful tool because it makes possible the correlation of indicators of exposure with indicators of the biological effect of such exposure in the same persons or in their progeny even after considerable periods of time have elapsed. A system of linked records exists in England and Wales which is at present used by research workers to follow up samples of persons defined in various ways, e.g. in respect of exposure to a suspected toxic factor. In this way hypotheses about substances causing cancer or other lethal effects can be tested. It is suggested that there are two additional ways in which record linkage techniques could be used to identify substances with long-term toxic effects: the first would be by setting up a register of women employed in industry during pregnancy and linking this register to records of the occurrence of congenital malformations and of stillbirth or death in their children; the second would be to follow samples of workers in manufacturing industry, notably those engaged in the manufacture of products from raw materials including the chemical industry, to death and to the development of cancer. Regular analyses of material from these two systems of linked records would provide the basis for a monitoring system for certain gross effects of long term toxic substances in man. There are two principal obstacles to further progress in this field. The first is the lack of a clear statement of public policy concerning the issues of confidentiality and informed consent in the use of identifiable personal records for medical research. A settlement is needed which defines the proper limits of their use in the interests of health with safeguards to privacy. The second obstacle is a lack of resources to improve the quality, accessibility and organization of the appropriate data. PMID- 40238 TI - Pollution of the sea and its effects. AB - Marine pollution has been studied under the following groupings of effects; harm to living resources, hazards to human health, reduction of amenities and interference with other users of the sea. This paper is concerned mainly with the first two categories and their interrelation. Apart from certain seabirds affected by oil, the major stocks of marine animals show no evidence of reduction by pollution. Pollution effects are generally insignificant in relation to other factors governing reproductive success, survival, growth and population size. Even in the North Sea, which has received a greatly increased pollution load during the last three decades, both total production of fish and catch per unit of effort (a measure of abundance) of cod, haddock and plaice increased during the 20 years 1950--69. Very recent decreases have been due to over-exploitation but, except in certain estuaries and immediate coastal waters, direct damage by pollution to marine populations and ecosystems is not evident. Pollution effects can, however, be detected by chemical analysis. The paper examines human health risks arising in the marine environment, particularly from contaminated seafood, especially in relation to sewage pollution, metals such as mercury, cadmium and lead, synthetic organic substances and oil. PMID- 40239 TI - Hazards from chemicals: scientific questions and conflicts of interest. AB - All substances are toxic when the dose is large enough. In order to regulate the use of chemicals, we need to measure the level at which toxic effects are found. Epidemiological evidence suggests that present levels of chemical use do not lead to widespread harmful contamination of the human environment. For chemicals, most of the problems of toxicity are found in the workplace, while the population at large gets most of its toxic effects from voluntary exposure to substances such as tobacco smoke and ethanol. The prevention and control of toxic effects depends on a series of steps. This begins with measurement of toxicity in model systems, such as laboratory animals, and the estimation of the likely exposure of workers or consumers. Reliable extrapolation of information gathered from animals to the diverse and biochemically differing human population depends on understanding mechanisms of toxic effects. The toxic effect and mechanisms of action of substances such as carbon tetrachloride or paracetamol have been extensively investigated, and our ability to predict toxicity or develop antidotes to poisoning has had some success, but epidemiology is still an essential part of assessment of toxic effects of new chemicals. The example of phenobarbitone shows how animal experiments may well lead to conclusions which do not apply to man. After measurement of toxicity and assessment of likely hazards in use comes the final evaluation of the use of a chemical. This depends not only on its toxicity, but also on its usefulness. The direct effects on health may be small in comparison with the indirect advantageous effects which a useful substance such as vinyl chloride may bring. The assessment of risks and benefits of new chemicals can be partly removed from a political style of discourse, but the evaluation of the relative weight to be attached to these risks and benefits is inescapably political. The scientific contribution must be to allow the debate to take place in the light of maximum clarity of information about the consequences of use of chemicals. PMID- 40240 TI - Hazards to wintering geese and other wildlife from the use of dieldrin, chlorfenvinphos and carbophenothion as wheat seed treatments. AB - Chemical treatments of cereal seeds are used in the United Kingdom to prevent damage by a number of pests including the wheat bulb fly, which is a serious pest of winter wheat. The persistent organochlorine dieldrin was introduced in the 1950s as a seed treatment but caused the death of large numbers of grain eating birds and gave rise to unacceptable environmental contamination. The withdrawal of dieldrin as a seed treatment was made possible by the introduction of two less persistent organophosphate insecticides, chlorfenvinphos and carbophenothion. Although the introduction of these chemicals has been beneficial in reducing environmental contamination, some side-effects on wildlife have still been discernible and carbophenothion has now been withdrawn from use in Scotland owing to the deaths of wintering geese from carbophenothion poisoning. Subsequent laboratory studies have demonstrated that Anser geese are particularly susceptible to carbophenothion poisoning, and the underlying biochemical mechanism has been investigated. The fundamental problem of species variation in toxicity among the organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides which this investigation illustrates presents difficulties for registration authorities when they are considered for clearance for agricultural use. The implications of the environmental problems encountered with dieldrin, chlorfenvinphos and carbophenothion for the pre-clearance testing of new chemicals are discussed and the critical surveillance of the early years of commercial use of a chemical is recommended to support pre-clearance studies aimed at assessing the potential hazard to the environment. PMID- 40241 TI - The pattern of disease in the post-infection era: national trends. AB - Information that can be used to assess trends in the health of the population is limited to the results of irregular surveys of nutritional status and 'I.Q.', to data obtained from the notification of infectious diseases, congenital malformations, blindness and other selected defects, and to mortality rates. The last have been recorded since 1841 and provide the most detailed and useful information, although they are often difficult to interpret because of changes in the nomenclature, classification, methods of diagnosis, and efficacy of treatment of disease states. In the last 40 years, mortality rates have shown progressive reductions at all ages which have continued past the time when improvements in the prevention and treatment of infectious disease might be expected to have produced their principal benefits. Notable differences have emerged between the sexes, the rates continuing to decline in women but remaining more or less stable for a period in middle-aged men. This difference can be attributed to sex differences in life-style, so that until recently the trends in women are likely to have been the better indicators of the effect of toxic agents in the environment. The available data are inadequate to assess possible effects such as alterations in behaviour, but are of some help in regard to teratogenicity and carcinogenicity. PMID- 40242 TI - Sources and extent of pollution. AB - Before the sources and extent of pollution can be identified a definition of pollutants has to be agreed. The degree of disruption of natural cycles in the global ecosystem in terms of residence times and assimilation capacities must be assessed as a prerequisite of any system of control. The sources of man-made and naturally occurring chemicals that fall into this definition can be categorized and these are presented for reference. Specific examples of these categories are discussed in detail, e.g. sulphur dioxide, polychlorinated biphenyls and radioactive waste. Their distribution and dilution in the environment are governed by fluid mixing mechanisms. These can be modelled to allow prediction of effects at specific points taking into account disappearance by decay, chemical reaction and deposition. Reappearance through pathways which involve accumulation and remobilization can only be predicted when a complete scientific understanding of the mechanism has been established. PMID- 40243 TI - Epidemics of non-infectious disease. AB - Epidemics of non-infectious disease are often caused by exposure to industrial products, intermediates or by-products, either in the work-place or as a result of the contamination of a wider environment. Although the prime objective of research must be the recognition of the hazard and the evaluation of its magnitude so that illness may be prevented, close collaboration of clinicians, epidemiologists and toxicologists should lead to the acquisition of much knowledge of the mechanisms by which disease is caused. Catastrophes, though always regrettable, must be seen as experiments demanding careful analysis and exploitation. Many examples of different types of problem will be selected from the numerous epidemics from the time of the Schneeberg and Joachimsthal miners to the recent concern with contamination of the environs of Seveso by dioxin. PMID- 40244 TI - 'Our load of mutation': reappraisal of an old problem. AB - H. J. Muller, in a paper in 1950 entitled 'Our load of mutation', predicted the genetic decay of the human species due to increasing mutation pressure combined with relaxation of natural selection. In the meantime, much information on spontaneous and induced mutations in humans has been accumulated, and a reappraisal of Muller's conclusions gives a much less gloomy overall picture. However, a certain increase of malformation and disease can be predicted as a result of ionizing radiation and chemical mutagens. On the other hand, genetic counselling and antenatal diagnosis of genetic anomalies may help to keep the genetic risks within tolerable limits. Research on the biological conditions for the untoward effects of mutagenic chemicals considered necessary for the wellbeing of humans may also help to reduce genetic risks. The extent and kind of the risks as well as possibilities for prevention are discussed with a few examples. PMID- 40245 TI - Congenital malformations and other reproductive hazards from environmental chemicals. AB - From a number of disasters which have already occurred throughout the world, it is known that the reproductive process in both animals and man may be severely affected by chemicals. The range of effects that might occur include not only foetal death or malformation, but also effects on the subsequent development, behaviour, intelligence and reproductive capacity of offspring which appear otherwise normal at birth. The special sensitivity of the foetus to some environmental carcinogens is also discussed. Some of the problems in screening for such effects in animals are mentioned along with the need for adequate monitoring programmes to detect reproductive toxicity both from industrial exposure to chemicals and from more general environmental exposure. PMID- 40246 TI - Synthesis of enkephalins by guinea-pig striatum in vitro. AB - A method for obtaining incorporation of labelled amino acids into enkephalins of guinea-pig striatum in vitro and isolating the labelled enkephalins is described. The incorporation of [3H]tyrosine increases with time after a delay of 2 h. Cycloheximide added during this time, but not at later stages, inhibits incorporation. The results indicate that the enkephalins are produced locally, probably by ribosomal synthesis. The lag period may be due to the time required for the synthesis of precursors and their conversion to the enkephalins. PMID- 40247 TI - Suboesophageal neurons involved in head movements and feeding in locusts. AB - The projections of nerves 6 and 7 of the locust suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) were stained by axonal filling with cobalt chloride. Nerve 6 contains two motoneurons which innervate neck muscles 50 and 51. Sensory neurons innervating hairs on the dorso-occipital region of the head also enter the ganglion through nerve 6 and terminate in a small bilateral plexus. The projections of the head hairs in nerve 6 do not overlap the arborizations of the motoneurons or the neurons of nerve 7, but lie in the same area as descending sensory neurons from wind-sensitive hairs of the front of the head. One branch of nerve 7 (7B) contains two fibres which innervate the salivary gland. These 'salivary' neurons (labelled SN1 and SN2) have their cell bodies in the ganglion. The second branch, 7A, contains sensory neurons from the submentum of the labium, which form four sensory plexuses, two dorsal and two ventral. The sensory plexuses from the submentum have specific regions of overlap with the salivary neurons and with the neck muscle motoneurons. We interpret these as indicating a flow of information from labial receptors signalling head and mouthpart movement to neurons involved in salivation and head movement. We further postulate that the anatomical separation of the various sensory plexuses is indicative of functional localization within the ganglion. PMID- 40248 TI - Optimum probabilistic processing in colour perception. I. Colour discrimination. AB - A comprehensive account of wavelength discrimination and colour saturation discrimination is given in terms of optimum probabilistic signal detection. The theory is a logical deduction from statistical estimation theory of the visual estimate of the spectral parameters of the stimulus. In place of geometrical concepts associated with colour-space geometry, stimulus discriminability is determined by optimum decision rules given by likelihood ratio tests on statistics that are postulated for the trichromatic responses. The classical line element theory and its formulations are deduced to be discriminability measures between signals. The different mathematical forms of classical theory are shown to correspond to different statistical constraints. PMID- 40249 TI - Optimum probabilistic processing in colour perception. II. Colour vision as template matching. AB - A statistical approach to account for psychophysical phenomena in human colour vision is presented. The central visual processor is viewed as an optimum recognizer of stochastic patterns supplied by the periphery. The processor makes an optimum estimate of the spectral parameters of the stimulus, given the wavelength filter characteristics of the periphery, the stochastic nature of the information and an internal template to which the external stimulus is matched. The estimate is constrained in ways inferred from empirical phenomena. Subjective brightness of monochromatic stimuli and related constant brightness manifolds in the colour space constitute the constraint for brightness estimation. Results analogous and in accord with those of earlier line element theories are obtained. The Bezold-Brucke hue shift constitutes the basic constraint for hue estimation. The hue estimate involves interrelation between the fields in the experiment. Similarities and differences both in basic conceptions and results introduced by the template matching notions are discussed. PMID- 40250 TI - The particulate basis of the resistance of a parasitoid to the defence reactions of its insect host. AB - Small, membrane-bound particles, about 130 nm in diameter, have been isolated from that region of the genital tract of the ichneumon Nemeritis known as the calyx. These particles have been shown to possess the ability to confer resistance to encapsulation by Ephestia, the natural host of Nemeritis, upon a surface which would otherwise be encapsulated. PMID- 40251 TI - An insect glycoprotein: a study of the particles responsible for the resistance of a parasitoid's egg to the defence reactions of its insect host. AB - A study has been carried out of the chemical composition and physical structure of small particles, 130 nm in diameter, isolated from the calyx of the ichneumon, Nemeritis canescens. The particles are vesicular, consisting of a densely staining core surrounded by an outer membrane. The core of the particles is made up of protein and carbohydrate in the ratio 100:17; no nucleic acid was detected. The basic chemical subunit of the core of the particles appears to be a glycoprotein of molecular mass ca. 45 000. The basic structural subunit of the core, however, is a short, hollow cylinder, about 10 nm across. It seems likely that several chemical subunits make up one structural subunit, and that many structural subunits, surrounded by the membrane, make up a single particle. PMID- 40252 TI - The laminar organization of optic nerve fibres in the tectum of goldfish. AB - Potentials in the tectum of large (12--20 cm) goldfish, evoked by stimulation of the optic nerve, were recorded extracellularly with double-barrelled electrodes (d.c., saline and a.c., Woods metal--Pt). Four fibre groups (E, M1, M2, M3) were recorded at latencies of approximately 2, 3, 5 and 8 ms after stimulation (conduction velocities of approximately 7, 5, 3 and 2 m/s). The same four groups were recorded from the optic nerve when the tectum was stimulated. The fastest fibre groups (E) did not give rise to a postsynaptic wave. Fibre groups M1, M2 and M3 gave rise to postsynaptic potentials which, following computation of their second spatial derivatives with depth, were found to have current sinks at depths of approximately 100-150 micrometers, 150--200 micrometers and 250--350 micrometers respectively. Thus the fastest conducting retinotectal fibres make their synapses most superficially, the opposite of the arrangement in the frog tectum. These postsynaptic waves fatigued at repetitive stimulus rates of 20--50 per second, and in twin pulses at interstimulus intervals of 10--15 ms; and they were reversibly blocked by topical application of pentobarbitol. The fibre potentials, however, were virtually undecremented under these conditions. To compare these electrophysiological findings with the anatomy, the cobalt procedure was used to visualize the profiles of the optic fibres in the various tectal laminae. A thick dense projection filled the superficial grey and white (s.g.w.) layer, and there was a thin satellite band just superficial to it. In addition, there were two deeper bands of sparse innervation, in the middle of the central grey zone (c.g.) and in the deep white (d.w.) layer. These bands were associated with the field potential sinks through lesions made with recording electrodes. The two deep bands correspond to the M3 fibre group. The dense s.g.w. innervation contains both the M1 and M2 fibre groups, the M1 just superficial to the M2. The fastest fibre group, E, which had no postsynaptic wave associated with it, persisted at least six weeks after retinal removal, and probably represents efferent cells with fibres projecting back through the optic nerve to the retina. Filled cell profiles could not be positively identified with the cobalt technique, but could be seen with the HRP technique, when the optic afferents were first allowed to degenerate. The filled cells were the pyramidals of the s.g.w. layer. PMID- 40253 TI - Lack of tolerance development to benzodiazepines in antagonism of the pentylenetetrazol discriminative stimulus. AB - In an operant procedure of lever pressing on FR 10 schedule of food reinforcement male hooded rats were trained to respond on a lever on one side of a food cup following a 20 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) injection and to respond on a lever on the alternate side following a 1 ml/kg saline injection. Upon acquisition of the PTZ-saline discrimination, diazepam and chlordiazepoxide were tested and found to antagonize the PTZ discriminative stimulus. The animals were then injected with 10 mg/kg diazepam or chlordiazepoxide for ten consecutive days. New dose-response curves obtained following this treatment indicated that tolerance did not develop to the antagonism of the PTZ discriminative stimulus by these benzodiazepines. PMID- 40254 TI - Molecular mechanisms regulating the interactions between the benzodazepines and GABA receptors in the central nervous system. AB - Using radioreceptor assay techniques to measure the kinetics of GABA and diazepam receptors, a relationship between GABA and benzodiazepine receptors has been firmly established in membranes of brain and neuroblastoma NB2a clonal cell lines. Occupancy of benzodiazepine receptors uncovers a new population of GABA receptors (GABA2 receptors) endowed with high affinity for GABA. Moreover, stimulation of GABA receptors increases the affinity of 1,4-benzodiazepine receptors for 1,4-benzodiazepines. This reciprocal interaction appears to be mediated by an endogenous regulatory protein (for details on this protein see [14 and 29]) which allosterically regulates GABA2 receptors while it competitively interacts with benzodiazepines for their specific binding sites. The rank order of potency of the various 1,4-benzodiazepines to block the action of this protein inhibitor on GABA receptors is related to their capacity to displace 3H-diazepam binding. These data suggest that the interaction between the 1,4-benzodiazepine receptors and the endogenous protein modulator of GABA2 receptors might play a role in the pharmacological action of the 1,4-benzodiazepines. PMID- 40255 TI - Modulation of benzodiazepine binding site sensitivity. AB - Recent studies on agents which alter benzodiazepine binding site sensitivity in brain are described. GABAergic agonists enhance and antagonists inhibit binding to the brain specific benzodiazepine binding site, and the binding can be correlated with effects on neuronal cell firing in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Anions such as chloride, iodide and nitrite also enhance (3H)diazepam binding and this enhancement is consistent with their role in postsynaptic inhibition. Pretreatment of animals with the anticonvulsant, diphenylhydantoin, enhances both diazepam binding and the electrophysiological response to diazepam suggesting one possible locus for the anticonvulsant action of diphenylhydantoin in brain. Taken together, these results suggest the existence of a GABA/Cl- ionophore/BZ binding complex in brain. Preliminary results on the purification of the BZ component of this complex and fluorescent probes for its study are described. PMID- 40256 TI - CNS benzodiazepine receptors: physiological studies and putative endogenous ligands. AB - The recent demonstration of benzodiazepine receptors in the mammalian CNS has provided new information on the mechanism of action of this important class of drugs. In addition, the presence of these receptors has prompted studies on their physiological significance, including attempts at isolating an endogenous ligand. The isolation of a number of substances from bovine brain that competitively inhibit (3H)-diazepam binding to synaptosomal membrane suggests the presence of an endogenous ligand. Two of these substances have been identified as the purines inosine and hypoxanthine. Pharmacological studies of these purines suggest that they may have diazepam-like effect in vivo. The possibility that the brain may contain its own benzodiazepine-like compound is currently being studied. PMID- 40257 TI - Some properties of brain specific benzodiazepine receptors: new evidence for multiple receptors. AB - Several new lines of evidence suggest the existence of two or more distinct types of benzodiazepine receptors, in contrast to earlier results suggesting the presence of only one class of receptors. Appropriate thermoinactivation experiments indicate two receptors with different thermostabilities. Several triazolopyridazines, with some of the pharmacological properties of anxiolytics have recently been shown to displace 3H-diazepam and 3H-flunitrazepam with Ki values in the 6 to 100 nanomolar range. These new substances are active in conflict tests in rats and monkeys and prevent metrazol induced seizures in vivo, but strikingly lack the ataxia and sedative properties of the benzodiazepines. Hill analyses of dose-response curves for some of these substances yields Hill coefficients in the range of 0.4--0.6, suggesting that these compounds may be able to discriminate between several types of benzodiazepine receptors. PMID- 40258 TI - Benzodiazepine receptors: cellular and behavioral characteristics. AB - Brain specific benzodiazepine receptors appear to mediate the pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines. A neuronal localization for these receptors is suggested by the parallel decrease in the number of benzodiazepine receptors and cerebellar Purkinje cells in "nervous" mutant mice. Electrophysiological results are compatible with an action of benzodiazepines on neuronally localized, physiological receptors. Biochemical, electrophysiological and behavioral experiments highlight the possible importance of frontal cortex in mediating the anxiolytic properties of the benzodiazepines. Triazolenetetrazoles act upon benzodiazepine receptors, increase punished responding and protect against penetylenetetrazole-induced convulsions, but do not produce the side effects associated with benzodiazepines or affect classical neurotransmitter systems. The structural similarities between triazolopyridazines, purines and the indole portion of certain peptides may provide insights into the nature of the endogenous ligand. PMID- 40259 TI - A test of anxiety that distinguishes between the actions of benzodiazepines and those of other minor tranquilisers and of stimulants. AB - The effects of minor tranquilisers and of stimulant drugs were studied in the Social Interaction test of anxiety in which the illuminance and unfamiliarity of the test arena are manipulated. Acute administration of sodium phenobarbitone (25 mg/kg) was without effect. Acute administration of sodium phenobarbitone (35 mg/kg) and of meprobamate (60 mg/kg) produced sedation: both locomotor activity and social interaction were reduced. On the other hand, amphetamine sulphate (2 mg/kg) and caffeine citrate (20 mg/kg) reduced social interaction, but increased locomotor activity. Chronic administration dissociated the pattern of results produced by sodium phenobarbitone (35 mg/kg) from that produced by flurazepam (0.5 mg/kg). With chronic treatment (5 days) neither drug reduced motor activity, but whereas phenobarbitone increased social interaction regardless of the test illuminance and unfamiliarity, the increase produced by flurazepam was limited to the more stressful test conditions, i.e., when the arena was unfamiliar or brightly lit. PMID- 40260 TI - A synthetic non-benzodiazepine ligand for benzodiazepine receptors: a probe for investigating neuronal substrates of anxiety. AB - CL 218,872 is the first non-benzodiazepine to selectively displace brain specific 3H-diazepam binding with a potency comparable to that of the benzodiazepines. Like the benzodiazepines, CL 218,872 increased punished responding in a conflict situation and protected against the convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazole. These three pharmacological properties are highly predictive of anxiolytic activity. Unlike the benzodiazepines, however, CL 218,872 was relatively inactive in tests designed to measure effects on neuronal systems which utilize GABA, glycine and serotonin as transmitters. Furthmore, CL 218,872 was relatively free of the ataxic and depressant side effects commonly associated with the benzodiazepines. Because of this high degree of selectivity, CL 218,872 may represent a new probe for investigating neuronal substrates of anxiety. PMID- 40261 TI - Renal function tests in experimental toxicity studies. PMID- 40262 TI - Proposal for an evaluation schedule of potential CNS activity of various agents. PMID- 40263 TI - Predictability and specificity of behavioral screening tests for neuroleptics. PMID- 40264 TI - The preclinical testing of drugs for opiate-like dependence-producing properties. PMID- 40265 TI - Extrapyramidal side-effects. PMID- 40266 TI - Prediction of possible convulsive activity in man. PMID- 40267 TI - Significance of neurochemical parameters in the preclinical evaluation of neuroleptic drugs. PMID- 40268 TI - Antagonism by some beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agents to cholinergic stimulation of skeletal muscle in vitro. AB - Antiacetylcholine activity some beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs was investigated using isolated guinea pig cremaster muscle and frog fectus abdominis muscle. On the cremaster muscle, the antagonism to acetylcholine was non competitive in K0 1313, (+/-)-INPEA and (--)-INPEA, competitive in (+)-INPEA and functional in practolol; All three INPEA isomers, practolol and propranolol behaved as noncompetitive antagonists of acetylcholine on frog rectus muscle. Caffeine induced contractions of this muscle were partially inhibited by propranolol but not by the other drugs. It is suggested that the beta-adrenoceptor-blocking drugs produce their antiacetylcholine action by interaction with sites on the muscle which are different from the cholinceptor, and which vary between compounds and species. PMID- 40269 TI - The assessment of sublethal effects of pollutants in the sea. Review of the problems. AB - Sublethal effects of pollution may be significant to survival of a stock of marine fish or even a species. Such effects sometimes lead to reproductive failure and have been identified so far only in freshwater systems. Atlantic salmon have disappeared from many streams in Europe and eastern North America, partly as a result of pollution in their freshwater spawning areas and in their estuarine nursing grounds. Reductions in populations of marine fishes due to pollution solely have not yet been demonstrated. However, Baltic Sea seals, where reproductive failure is apparently associated with high concentrations of DDT and polychlorinated biphenyl in the blubber, may have suffered a decline owing to the presence of these organochlorines. Sublethal effects of pollutants have been studied in the laboratory, essentially under four categories: (1) physiology (growth, swimming performance, respiration, circulation); (2) biochemistry/cell structure (blood chemistry, enzyme activity, endocrinology, histochemistry); (3) behaviour/neurophysiology; and (4) reproduction. Not all pollutants elicit meaningful responses in all categories, and a response is not always linear with pollutant concentration. For application to survival of populations the response has to be ultimately related to a healthy progression through a full life cycle, including successful reproduction. In recent time, physiological studies have moved into polluted marine environments with mobile laboratories having continuous sampling capability, to observe effects of pollutants in situ on marine organisms. The Controlled Ecosystem Pollution Experiment (Cepex) in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia, endeavours to investigate the effects of low concentrations of pollutants on marine organisms in large plastic silos having a slow replacement of water. PMID- 40270 TI - The need for sublethal studies. AB - In problems of waste management, the preoccupation of the would-be manager is the means whereby waste may be released to the environment without impairing the health of the biota inhabiting the receiving waters. In such a situation, measurements based upon acute poisoning are unhelpful since they tell nothing of the impact that the much lower concentrations found at some distance from the waste source have upon the ability of the affected organisms to undertake the responses necessary to ensure survival and more particularly to reproduce successfully. Such responses can only be investigated with organisms not at the point of death, i.e. in truly sublethal studies. PMID- 40271 TI - Physico-chemical limitations in experimental investigations. AB - An element or compound in a natural water system is usually distributed between a variety of physico-chemical forms, both dissolved and particulate. The distribution is determined by the properties of the ion or molecule in question and by a number of major variables, including ionic strength, the nature and concentrations of major dissolved elements, particulate matter and organic complexing material, pH and the electron activity (pE); it may thus vary widely between different environments. The design of experiments to study sublethal effects of pollutants in sea water ideally requires that the test medium is closely matched to the environment for which information is needed, with respect to the ranges of concentration and activity, and the chemical speciation, of the pollutant and of any other constituents which may influence its effects. This in turn requires either that the pollutant can be added in the appropriate forms, implying a knowledge of the existing speciation, or that the added material rapidly exchanges with the forms already present. The implications of these requirements are most apparent for those pollutants that show complex chemical behaviour in sea water. This account concentrates on metals of toxicological significance. Consideration of particulate associations, redox speciation, and complex formation in the dissolved state with inorganic and organic ligands, suggests that physicochemical factors limit the usefulness, in terms of environmental predictions, of experimental studies of biological effects of metals, both inherently and through inadequate knowledge of environmental speciation and the mechanisms and rates of interconversion between species. Of particular importance are non-equilibrium features in speciation, such as the presence of thermodynamically unstable oxidation states and of kinetically non labile associations. Interpretation of the nature of these associations is complicated by the presence of colloidal and organic macromolecular material in dissolved fractions as conventionally defined. While the chemical behaviour of some substances in sea water is considerably less complicated than that of the trace metals, there is a need with all types of pollutants for greater attention to physico-chemical factors in both the design and interpretation of experiments to investigate biological effects. PMID- 40272 TI - Biological variables, especially skeletal deformities in fish, for monitoring marine pollution. AB - When considering principles for selection of indicators, i.e. biological variables, for monitoring marine pollution, it must be regarded as important to search for effects on the highest possible level of organization. For a global monitoring programme there are, however, many practical limitations in the number of useful indicators. The paper suggests skeletal deformities in fish as one possible indicator for this purpose in the future and gives a review on the occurrence, effects, causative factors and possible mechanisms of skeletal deformities in fish. PMID- 40273 TI - An experimental approach to the determinants of biological water quality. AB - A case is presented for the use of experimental bioassay techniques to detect and measure variations in water quality in the marine environment by exposing suitable organisms in the laboratory to water samples collected in the field. A technique is described which was developed for this purpose with the use of a clonal hydroid; preliminary results from Swansea Bay show that it is sensitive to the variations in water quality that occur there. Chemical techniques are being developed for use in conjunction with such bioassays to identify the kinds of contaminants responsible for a detected effect, and some preliminary experiments suggest that divalent metals and the volatile constituents of hydrocarbons can be removed selectively from sea water. PMID- 40274 TI - Bioaccumulation of marine pollutants. AB - Bioaccumulation of pollutants can occur from sea water, from suspended particles, from sediments and through food chains. The rate at which accumulation occurs in an organism depends not only on the availability of the pollutant but also on a whole range of biological, chemical and environmental factors. The ultimate level which is reached is governed by the ability of the organism to excrete the pollutant or, alternatively, store it. This latter course often leads to the attainment of very high concentrations and sometimes no equilibrium level is ever reached. Two particular topics which are considered are the biological amplification of pollutants along food chains and the development of tolerance which sometimes occurs. PMID- 40275 TI - Behavioural responses of marine poikilotherms to pollutants. AB - Selected behavioural responses of marine fishes and invertebrates which are reportedly capable of disruption or impairment by petroleum, heavy metals, pesticides and other pollutants are listed. The usefulness of these and other performance functions to regulatory agencies charged with formulation of saline water quality criteria appears somewhat limited. At present, however, motor funcitons such as swimming performance, locomotion, and equilibrium, as well as physiological responses, especially respiratory patterns, may have some potential for biomonitoring of wastes discharged into coastal environments. PMID- 40276 TI - Experiments with large enclosed ecosystems. AB - Three of the major advantages of enclosure experiments are that they ensure (1) that the same populations are sampled over a long period; (2) that populations of at least three trophic levels are initially enclosed in naturally occurring proportions and that they are self sustaining over a long experimental period; and (3) that replicate enclosed populations can be experimentally manipulated. There are two disadvantages which must be mentioned. These are (1) that vertical mixing, which may be reduced by as much as an order of magnitude compared to the open sea, will undoubtedly affect the sinking rates of phytoplankton and may influence the structure of the population; and (2) that as a general rule the larger and therefore more expensive the enclosures become, the more difficult it is to run sufficient replicates. An experiment is described in which 1 microgram Hg/l was added to two 95 m3 bags (3 mdiameter by 17 m deep) and the response of the pelagic population monitored over the following 20 days. A further 10 micrograms Hg/l was then added to each enclosure and the response measured for a further 20 days. The results indicated that: (i) inorganic mercury added to the water column is very rapidly transformed into 'bound' or 'non-reactive' mercury and that about 25% of the mercury added was recovered associated with the organic material settling to the bottom of the bags; (ii) the response of the biological population to 1 microgram Hg/l was very limited and in fact a transient reduction in photosynthetic carbon uptake per unit chlorophyll was the only noticeable effect and there were no changes in population size or structure that could be attributed to mercury; (iii) at 10 micrograms Hg/l the zooplankton population was reduced markedly and this did produce changes in the structure of both the zooplankton and phytoplankton populations. These results are similar to the results of a comparable experiment carried out in Vancouver Island (Cepex) and point to the conclusion that the levels of mercury found in surface waters around the coast of the U.K. (0.001--0.022 microgram Hg/l) are one or two orders of magnitude below the levels at which a response of the biological population can be demonstrated. The usefulness of large scale enclosed ecosystems for further pollution research is discussed and it is concluded that those facilities that provided a link between the water column and the sediments would be most useful since they would (1) enable estimates to be made of the flux rates of pollutants from the water column to the sediments; and (2) allow experiments to be carried out with the pollutant in contact with sediment in its natural form. PMID- 40277 TI - Pollution-induced changes in populations. AB - The effects of pollution by organic matter, oil or industrial waste on marine communities are remarkably similar. Diversity values fall, biomass and numbers of organisms initially rise and then fall as the pollution load is increased. Diversity indices are, however, insensitive to pollution-induced changes and have to be assessed subjectively. Departure from a log-normal distribution of individuals among species offers a sensitive and objective method of assessing perturbation effects on communities. Under severe pollution stress, the dominant species are those which have a flexible life-history ranging from direct development to a planktonic larva and the ability to undergo short-term genetic selection. Species have a somewhat less flexible life-history strategy show increased abundance under conditions of slight pollution. The increase in abundance of seven or eight neither rare nor common species, which gives the departure from a log-normal distribution, is suggested as being the most significant and the earliest detectable change caused by pollution in a community. Thus the presence of a species in a polluted area may be more a question of life-history strategy than the tolerance of adverse environmental conditions. If this hypothesis is correct, considerable doubt must beplaced on the ecological relevance of data from toxicity tests. PMID- 40278 TI - Measurement of the responses of individuals to environmental stress and pollution: studies with bivalve molluscs. AB - Certain physiological differences between individuals in different populations of the mussel, Mytilus edulis, are described. In particular, the scope for growth differs in space and time and may be used to assess the animals' physiological condition. When the required measurements are made in the field, the rates of growth predicted from the physiological data agree well with observed rates of growth. An alternative approach utilizes mussels transplanted to various waters, with indices of condition then measured in then measured in the laboratory under standard conditions; an example of this approach is illustrated. Laboratory experiments are used to equate various levels of physiological condition with fecundity, in an attempt to equate physiological effects on the individual with likely population damage. A cytochemical index of stress is described, based on the latency of lysosomal enzymes; spatial variability in this index, and its relation with the scope for growth, are discussed. Finally, the results of some experiments on the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on mussels are described and the presence of inducible activity of NADPH-dependent tetrazolium reductase in the blood cells is demonstrated. Certain considerations that apply in adopting similar measurements of biological effects of pollution in environmental monitoring programmes are discussed. PMID- 40279 TI - The uses of experimental ecosystems. AB - The experiments conducted so far with large experimental ecosystems have probably taught us more about the general ecological interactions in such systems than about subtle long-term effects of pollutants. This knowledge is not only valuable in its own right but may be more useful in an indirect rather than a direct way, in understanding the robustness of these systems and so evaluating the general effects of stresses. PMID- 40280 TI - The monitoring of biological effects: the separation of natural changes from those induced by pollution. AB - An added mortality rate of eggs, larvae and juveniles of fish populations, or impact, is assumed to be density independent. The total mortality from hatching to recruitment is represented by the fecundity, and any increment in density independent mortality implies a decrement in density dependent mortality. At high stock the condequence is an increase in stock towards a position of less resilience: at low stock less resilience is found with a decrease in stock. In general impact generates a shift of K-strategy, the self-stabilizing strategy, to r-strategy, and opportunistic one. In a fish population very little impact should be tolerated at low stock because it would prevent recovery to a management objective such as maximum sustainable yield. At high stock, impact may generate more stock at an unknown risk. PMID- 40281 TI - Standards and environmental criteria: the practical application of the results of laboratory experiments and field trials to pollution control. AB - The derivation of standards and their application to the regulation of marine environmental quality are discussed, including the role of monitoring. The significance of experimentally determined sublethal effects in relation to the setting of environmental standards is considered. Contemporary approaches to pollution control are compared especially as they affect problems of standard setting. PMID- 40282 TI - The assessment of sublethal effects of pollutants in the sea. Summing up: deficiencies and future needs. PMID- 40283 TI - Development of spontaneous motility in chick embryos. Effects of drugs acting on monoaminergic synaptic receptors. AB - The development of the effect of agonists of monoaminergic transmitters--LSD (20 and 200 micrograms/kg egg weight), apomorphine (1 and 3 mg/kg e.w.) and clonidine (2.5 mg/kg e.w.)--was studied on 11- to 19-day chick embryos. All three substances already significantly depressed spontaneous motility in 11 and 13-day old embryos and their depressant effect increased as embryogenesis progressed. In chronically decapitated embryos (Sedlacek and Doskocil 1978) they had practically the same depressant effect as in normal embryos, showing that their activity is not bound unconditionally to supraspinal compartments of the CNS. These results are further evidence of the participation of central monoaminergic systems in embryonal motility. The finding that the three test drugs take effect during embryogenesis before sensitivity to monoaminergic transmitters appears remains unexplained. PMID- 40284 TI - ["Sessions of the 7th Congress of the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology (II)"]. PMID- 40285 TI - [Sessions of the 74th Congress of the Japanese Society of Psychiatry and Neurology (III)]. PMID- 40286 TI - Psychiatry and endocrinology: an expanding interface. AB - There is growing documentation that a variety of hormones can both influence mood and behavior and be affected by them. Endocrine measures thus provide us with a readily accessible source of information about how the brain mediates between stimuli arising from the external social environment, intrapsychic phenomena, and the body's internal physiological needs. This paper will review recent psychoendocrine research which has in particular suggested several new concepts: (1) the brain itself might be viewed as a "target organ" for certain hormones; (2) specific hormonal correlates of certain clinical psychiatric syndromes, such as anorexia nervosa and depressive illness, might serve as biological markers which could help in the differential diagnosis of these conditions; and (3) peripheral hormonal determinations, by virtue of the role played by central nervous system (CNS) neurotransmitters in endocrine regulation, may provide important specific information about possible CNS biogenic amine abnormalities associated with the pathogenesis of certain psychiatric disorders. PMID- 40287 TI - Acute and chronic effects of three benzodiazepines in the social interaction anxiety test in mice. AB - The effects on active social interaction of acute and chronic dosage with diazepam (1 mg/kg), desmethyldiazepam (2 mg/kg), and chlor-desmethyl-diazepam (0.125 mg/kg) were studied in pairs of mice. The mice were tested under either high or low levels of illumination. In all cases acute drug treatment significantly reduced social interaction, but this was not seen with chronic treatment (9 days). Two of the drugs, diazepam and desmethyldiazepam, showed an anxiolytic action, i.e., these drugs resulted in significantly less variation in social interaction with the change in light levels, compared with vehicle injected controls. PMID- 40289 TI - Canadian colloquium on response to antidepressants--abridged proceedings. PMID- 40288 TI - The relative role of dopamine and norepinephrine receptor blockade in the action of antipsychotic drugs: metoclopramide, thiethylperazine, and molindone as pharmacological tools. PMID- 40290 TI - First Irish psychopharmacology conference--a report. PMID- 40291 TI - Seventeenth annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maui, Hawaii, 11-13 December 1978. Abridged proceedings. PMID- 40292 TI - [Opening address of the 5th Belgian Congress for Dentistry]. PMID- 40293 TI - [Alcoholism and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase]. PMID- 40294 TI - [Periarteritis nodosa]. PMID- 40295 TI - [Digital computer analysis of the electromyogram: preliminary report (author's transl)]. AB - This is a preliminary report of a method of digital computer analysis of the electromyogram recorded from twenty sites in biceps brachial during fixed voluntary effort. The method allows several EMG parameters to be studied. The results in a group of normal subjects have been compared with those in patients with neuromuscular disease. Three parameters have proved of value in differentiating normal subjects from those with neurogenic disease. PMID- 40296 TI - Non-enzymic interactions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, of some of its synthetic analogues and other compounds with orthophosphate. AB - Changes in the ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectra of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), of its synthetic analogues, and of adenosine and its derivatives in the presence of high concentrations of orthophosphate were studied. The role of the carboxamide group of the nicotinamide moiety of NAD on these spectral changes was investigated by replacing that group with an acetyl or aldehyde group. The effect of the 6-amino group of the purine was investigated by studying the interaction of deamino-NAD and various adenosine derivatives with orthophosphate. 2,4-Dinitrophenol was also found to give a charge transfer complex with phosphate. Molar extinction coefficients (E) and association constants (K) of these charge transfer reactions were determined. PMID- 40297 TI - [Status and problems of the physicians' assistant]. PMID- 40298 TI - [The triad syndrome in an adult patient]. PMID- 40299 TI - [Improvement of tardive dyskinesia with high doses of propranolol]. PMID- 40300 TI - Advances in blood transfusion. PMID- 40301 TI - [Erythrocyte agglutination]. PMID- 40302 TI - The effect of beta blockade on stage fright. A controlled study. PMID- 40303 TI - 12-Hour simultaneous registration of acid reflex and peristaltic activity in the oesophagus. A study in normal subjects. AB - Twelve-hour simultaneous registration of acid gastro-oesophageal reflux and peristaltic activity in the oesophagus was carried out on 30 healthy subjects. The intensity of the acid gastro-oesophageal reflux was determined by automatic integration of the pH variation. Acid gastro-oesophageal reflux to pH less than or equal to 4 occurs in normal subjects within a range of 0--2.4% of the total registration period. The intravariation was measured in 10 investigations on 1 subject, and lay within the intervariation. To maintain the pressure-measuring system intact, 3 ml H2O/h were fed to the proximal and distal pressure catheters, respectively; it has been shown that this small quantity of water has no influence on the pH variation. Peristaltic activity for the entire measuring period was recorded and related to the individual reflex episodes. The total activity was found to be dependent on the level of consciousness, with little activity occurring during sleep. A positive correlation was found between the lowest pH during a reflux episode and the peristaltic activity in the oesophagus (p less than 0.001), between the lowest pH during a reflux episode and the duration of the reflux episode (p less than 0.001), and between the peristaltic activity and the duration of the reflux episode (p less than 0.001). During long term registration of oesophageal pH it appears that pH less than or equal to 4 is a usable parameter for distinguishing between pathological and non-pathological acid gastro-oesophageal reflux. Sudden falls in pH to below 4 release increased peristalsis in the oesophagus. PMID- 40304 TI - The osmotic fragility of red blood cells: a re-evaluation of technical conditions. AB - The osmotic fragility of red blood cells is influenced by even modest environmental changes. Consequently, the technical procedure must be strictly standardized. This implies that temperature equilibrium of the buffered salt solutions should be reached prior to the addition of blood. Furthermore, since erroneous statements concerning the composition of phosphate buffers regularly used to secure correct pH of the salt solutions have repeatedly appeared in the literature, pH control of such solutions prior to use becomes essential. PMID- 40305 TI - [Position of behavior therapy among the psychiatric therapies]. AB - In the fourth table, we have classified the most important measures of behaviour therapy: desensitivization, operating conditioning, aversive therapy and negative learning. These courses of action can play an important role in psychiatry and can enrich the therapeutic repertory through their rational use, placed in a general plan of treatment. Moreover, these methods are usually excluded from the tought theories and they do not see in the neurotic troubles a consequence of unconscious conflicts; these conflicts must become conscious again, but they must appear, then, as the result of the learning of bad behaviour. PMID- 40306 TI - Prednisone effect on microvascular permeability in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. AB - The transcapillary escape rate of albumin was measured in 27 consecutive patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases before and after 1 and 7 days of prednisone treatment in doses of 45 mg/day. The transcapillary escape rate decreased from 7.33%/h (range 5.11-9.55) before prednisone treatment to 3.11%/h (0.04-6.18) (p less than 0.05) after 1 day of treatment and 5.80%/h (4.36-7.24) after 7 days of treatment. It is concluded that prednisone inhibits vascular permeability in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. PMID- 40307 TI - The management of hypertension. PMID- 40308 TI - Antennal hair erection in male mosquitoes: a new mechanical effector in insects. AB - Male Anopheles mosquitoes erect their antennal hairs prior to mating. The erectile mechanism resides in a unique annulus at the base of each hair whorl. It appears that the insect regulates the degree of hydration of this annulus. When the annulus is made to swell the attached hairs are pushed to their erect position. PMID- 40309 TI - [Sigmoid perforation during the course of cholesterol emboli simulating polyarteritis nodosa (author's transl)]. AB - Cholesterol emboli have only recently been recognized as a pathological entity and their clinical picture is still not clearly defined. A case is reported of a patient presenting signs of a severe systemic affection with distal arteriolitis and also general and biological signs of a severe inflammatory process having the particular characteristic of apparent corticoid sensitivity. The patient died following ischemic necrosis of the sigmoid from perforation and peritonitis, also related to the presence of cholesterol emboli. PMID- 40310 TI - Infantile polyarteritis nodosa. A case report. AB - The clinical and postmortem findings in a 4-month-old infant with polyarteritis nodosa are presented. The relationship of this condition to mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MLNS) is discussed, and the relevant literature is reviewed. PMID- 40311 TI - Effects of pH, Ca2+, temperature, and protease pretreatment on interkingdom fusion. AB - The incubation of carrot protoplasts and cultured Xenopus cells in a protease solution has been shown to enhance their subsequent interkingdom fusion by a high pH/high Ca2+ method. The effects of Ca2+ concentration, pH, and temperature on the frequency of heterokaryon formation have also been studied. Potentially viable heterokaryons have been repeatedly produced at high frequencies (consistently greater than 10%), far exceeding those so far achieved in PEG mediated fusion. Cell aggregates are readily dispersed after this method of fusion, permitting the accurate estimation of fusion frequencies. PMID- 40312 TI - Significance of antral pH for gastrin release by insulin hypoglycemia in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - The significance of antral pH for the basal serum level of immunoreactive gastrin and for the release of gastrin during insulin hypoglycemia has been studied in duodenal ulcer (DU) patients. To permit paired comparisons, 14 DU patients underwent two or three tests with insulin. Venous blood samples were collected at fixed intervals for determination of gastrin (radioimmunoassay). In the first insulin test, the gastric juice was aspirated; in the second test, the stomach was perfused with citrate-phosphate buffer, pH 7.0; and in the third test the stomach was perfused with 0.1M HCl, pH 1.0. The rate of buffer or acid perfusion was adjusted, and the pH of the perfusate was kept above 5.0 and below 1.3, respectively. Gastric perfusion with buffer or acid for 1 hour did not affect the basal serum gastrin level, nor did perfusion with buffer for 3 hours. Insulin hypoglycemia stimulated acid secretion and produced a significant integrated serum gastrin response during gastric aspiration, but the gastrin response was four times greater during buffer perfusion. Acid perfusion abolished the gastrin response. From our previous and present findings, it is concluded that the gastrin in serum during basal conditions is of extra-antral origin and is independent of antral pH. Insulin hypoglycemia releases antral gastrin by a pH sensitive mechanism in DU patients; the release is suppressed at pH 1.3 or less and also is markedly inhibited when the gastric juice is aspirated. PMID- 40313 TI - The opiates, opioid peptides (endorphins), and the opiate receptor. PMID- 40314 TI - [Antihypertensive therapy with a fixed combination of beta receptor blockers and diuretics]. PMID- 40315 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of anorexigenic drug addiction]. PMID- 40316 TI - [Voluntary poisoning with beta-blocking substances]. PMID- 40317 TI - Abstracts: VIIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis, London 15- 20 July 1979. PMID- 40318 TI - Different chromatographic behaviour of soluble, non-FSF-stabilized des-AA fibrin/fibrinogen and des-AABB fibrin/fibrinogen complexes. PMID- 40319 TI - [Effect of alcohol on the nervous system. Basic aspects]. PMID- 40320 TI - [Relationship between the presence of meconium in newborn lambs and postnatal pH and blood gas tension levels (author's transl)]. AB - The pH of the blood and blood gas tension (PO2 and PCO2) were estimated in thirty two lambs. Blood was taken from the umbilical vein during labour and blood was collected from the left ventricle after birth (1, 10 and 60 minutes). The findings in twenty-one lambds were used to determine the relationship between the presence of meconium on the fleece and the postnatal changes in pH and blood gas tension. pH, blood gas tension and vitality were found to be identical both in the meconium-stained and in the unstained lambs. Within this experiment, there was no relationship between the length of parturition and pH and blood gas tension levels. The pH, PO2 and PCO2 as determined in the umbilical blood showed that the lambs (both meconium-stained and unstained) continue to be in good condition throughout a normal parturition. Postnatal adjustment is rapid and, following normal ventilation, pH, PO2 and PCO2 respectively attain levels of 7.379; 54.7 and 43.7 within sixty minutes. Diminished vitality, resulting from pathological factors, was observed in four lambs. PMID- 40321 TI - [Report of the 7th Symposium of the International Committee on Laboratory Animals. Utrecht 21-23 August. Animal quality and models in biochemical research]. PMID- 40322 TI - Age-dependent variations of lysosomal enzymes in human liver. AB - The specific activities, the Km values, and the elution patterns on DEAE 52 and Sephadex G-150 columns of six lysosomal enzymes in human liver during development were studied. The levels of total beta-D-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase activities in childhood liver were higher than those in fetal liver. The Km values of beta-D-glucuronidase and beta-D-galactosidase in fetal liver were about ten times higher than those in childhood liver. The elution patterns on DEAE 52 of beta-D-glucuronidase and on Sephadex G-150 of alpha-D- and beta-D-galactosidases changed with aging. It is suggested that lysosomal enzymes related to degradation of gangliosides and glycosaminoglycans change during development. PMID- 40323 TI - The use of urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in human renal toxicology. I. Partial biochemical characterization and excretion in humans and release from the isolated perfused rat kidney. PMID- 40324 TI - Convulsions as the etiology of lactic acidosis in acute isoniazid toxicity in dogs. PMID- 40325 TI - Acute fluoride toxicity: influence of metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 40326 TI - Evidence for the biotransformation of procainamide to a reactive metabolite. PMID- 40327 TI - Urine gamma-glutamyl transferase in rat kidney toxicology: nephropathy by repeated injections of mercuric chloride. Effects of sodium selenite. AB - Groups of 5 male and 4 female Cobs CD rats weighing 250--350 g were injected intraperitoneally, daily for 15 days, with 5 mumol HgCl2/kg, 5 mumol Na2SeO3/kg, or (5 mumol HgCl2 + 5 mumol Na2SeO3)/kg in a 10 ml/kg vol. of saline. Control animals were injected with saline only. Injection of saline or sodium selenite produced neither modification of diuresis, nor of urine elimination of sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphates, urea, creatinine and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Injection of mercuric chloride induced a massive increase of urine GGT, diuresis and phosphaturia and a decrease of kaliuria and natriuria. Those effects reflect a kidney tubular lesion which seems to be more severe in males than in females. Injection of mixed sodium selenite and mercuric chloride or separate injection of both compounds had similar effects. In both sexes, urine GGT elimination was delayed and about 2 times lower than with HgCl2 alone. In females, the other urine parameters were almost normal whereas in males, diuresis and phosphaturia were slightly increased and kaliuria decreased. The observation of urine GGT elimination attests, in vivo, that sodium selenite decreases tubular toxicity of mercuric chloride and resulting kidney function disturbances. PMID- 40328 TI - [Saliva enzyme content in children with diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 40329 TI - Some characteristics of 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase from bovine placenta. AB - The activity of 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.62) was measured, and its distribution in the subcellular fractions of bovine placenta was compared. Assay of activity was based on the formation of radioactive estrone from 17 beta[4(-14)C]-estradiol. Either NAD+ or NADP+ can serve as cofactor for the enzyme. The nuclear and microsomal fractions of the placental homogenate exhibited the highest specific enzymatic activities before and after treatment with Triton X-100. Electron micrographs of these two fractions prior to treatment with Triton X-100 showed satisfactory purity. 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase from bovine placenta exhibits a pH optimum of about 9.5-10.5, and is activated by 5 x 10(-6)M ZnCl2; comparable concentrations of CaCl2 and MgCl2 inactivate the enzyme. The apparent Michaelis constants, Km, for 17 beta-estradiol and NAD+ are 1.4 x 10(-6)M and 5.5 x 10(-5)M respectively. No 17 alpha-estradiol dehydrogenase activity was demonstrable when using 17 alpha-estradiol as substrate. PMID- 40330 TI - Marine sterols. VIII. Isolation and structure of sarcosterol, a new sterol with a delta17(20)-double bond from the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. AB - The sterol mixture of the southern Japan's soft coral, Sarcophyton glaucum, was found to contain 11 sterols including a novel sterol, 23,24 xi-dimethylcholesta 5,22-dien-3 beta-ol and a new diunsaturated C29 sterol. 22,23 Dihydrobrassicasterol and gorgosterol were the major components in free- and esterified sterols respectively. Brassicasterol was found in S. glaucum, in contrast to the ubiquity of 24-epibrassicasterol in the marine invertebrates in the northern districts. The new sterol (sarcosterol) was isolated; its structure as 23 xi, 24 xi-dimethylcholesta-5, 17(20)-trans-dien-3 beta-ol was based on spectra evidence and comparison with cholesta-5, 17(20)-trans-dien-3 beta-ol. PMID- 40331 TI - Marine sterols. IX. Occurrence of 24 xi-methylcholestane-1 beta, 3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta, 25-pentol 25-monoacetate in the soft coral, Sarcophyton glaucum. AB - The southern Japan's soft coral, Sarcophyton glaucum, was found to contain several polyhydroxylates steroids. One of the minor components was isolated and its structure was established as 24 xi-methylcholestane-1 beta, 3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta, 25-pentol 25-monoacetate from spectral evidence and from comparison with a reference compound, 5 alpha-spirostan-1 beta, 3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta-tetrol, which was synthesized from ruscogenin. A mixture of 1 beta, 3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta-tetra hydroxy C27- and C28-sterols was also isolated. PMID- 40332 TI - Marrow transplantation from donors other than HLA-identical siblings. PMID- 40333 TI - Preferential homing of passively transferred T cells into skin allografts of mice. AB - An assay which uses two differentially labeled cell populations was used to characterize the preferential localization of passively transferred syngeneic cells immunized to specific alloantigens. Splenocytes cytotoxic to B10.D2 and B10.BR alloantigens were harvested from (C57BL/6 X A/J)F1 (B6AF1) donors bearing acutely rejected skin allografts. One population was labeled in vitro with 3H thymidine and the other with 14C-thymidine. The labeled cells were pooled and then transferred i.v. into B6AF1 hosts bearing 5-day-old skin grafts from B10.D2 and B10.BR donors. After 48 hr the mice were killed, and the relative amount of cells present in the skin grafts and draining axillary lymph nodes was derived by comparing the 3H:14C ratios of the harvested tissues. The results of these studies indicated that cytotoxic splenocytes harvested from donors bearing acutely rejected skin allografts preferentially localize to the relevant skin allograft after passive systemic transfer. The homing behavior of these splenocytes was augmented by T cell enrichment and significantly diminished by pretreatment with anti-Thy-1.2 serum plus rabbit complement. There was no evidence of preferential homing within the draining axillary lymph nodes. It can be concluded that a T cell population derived from in vivo sensitized splenocytes exhibits preferential homing to relevant skin allografts upon passive transfer. PMID- 40334 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 25th International Field Emission Symposium. July 17-22, 1978. Albuquerque, New Mexico. PMID- 40335 TI - Renal excretion of hydrogen ions in stone formers. AB - Urinary hydrogen ion excretion has been studied in 68 adult stone formers and in 50 controls. Under basal state, the stone formers showed statistically significant higher urinary pH, and lower 24-hour urinary titrable acid, ammonium and total hydrogen. On the 3rd day of ammonium chloride loading test, the stone formers showed statistically significant higher urinary pH and lower 24-hour urinary titrable acid, ammonium, total hydrogen and plasma bicarbonate. 'Clearance' indices of hydrogen ion excretion were also depressed in a great majority of the stone formers. The results indicate the frequent co-existence of defective urinary acidification with nephrolithiasis. PMID- 40336 TI - [The effect of large burns in ruminants on the edibility of meat]. AB - The effect of non-contact burns was studied on a model of a slaughter ruminant. The study included the examination of the penetration of germs into the blood stream and into the meat and of the main changes characterizing the ripening of the obtained meat. The tests were conducted with two groups of animals, killed 1) at the beginning of the development of the infection process in the burn, 2) in a health state in which the prognosis was unfavourable quo ad vitam. It was found on the basis of haemocultivation, microbiological examination of the samples of organs and meat, and examination of pH values in the meat that the natural body barriers were destructed and the biochemistry of the muscular tissue was impaired. The penetration of the germs through the natural barriers of the organism was recorded also before the initiation of the development of the infection in the burn. The acidification of the meat worsened post mortem. It is possible, on the basis of the facts which were revealed, to present the following recommendations for the practical use of the results in the veterinary inspection of meat in ruminants with large burns: to take samples for microbial examination, even though the animal has been slaughtered in the earliest stage of the disease; to determine the pH in the meat obtained from the slaughtered animals and to expect worse acidification and imperfect ripening of the meat. PMID- 40337 TI - [Effect of Ichthyol electrophoresis with sinusoidal modulated currents combined with radon baths on the clinical biochemical indices in osteoarthrosis deformans]. PMID- 40338 TI - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the anorchism syndrome]. PMID- 40339 TI - [Forms and methods of joint work of a department of hospital pediatrics with public health organs]. PMID- 40340 TI - Polymorphism of the second component of human complement (C2). Observation of the rare phenotype (C2 2 (= C2 B) and data on the localization of the C2 locus in the HLA region. AB - The polymorphism of the second component of human complement was studied by means of isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels with subsequent complement dependent lysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes in an agarose overlay containing C2-deficient or normal human serum. In a material of 289 unrelated individuals the following gene frequencies were observed: C21=0.965 and C22=0.035. The rare phenotype C2 2 (=C2 B) could be seen once in a child of a C2 1--2 heterozygous mother. The investigation of the C2/HLA relationship revealed a very close linkage: Among 62 informative meiotic divisions one recombination between HLA-B and C2 was found (i.e. 1.61%); in addition, C2(2) was significantly associated with HLA-B15 and -Cw3. In a family with an HLA-B/D(DR) crossover C2 segregated together with HLA-D(DR). This supports the assumption of a C2 structural locus outside HLA-B, probably near HLA-D(DR). PMID- 40342 TI - Automation in blood transfusion. Report of the first meeting of a working party on automation of the International Society of Blood Transfusion, held -- in cooperation with the League of Red Cross Societies -- in Geneva on January 30-31, 1979. PMID- 40341 TI - Changes in 2,3-DPG content and oxygen affinity in erythrocytes stored at 4 degrees C. AB - The 2,3-DPG content of red blood cells increased within the first 24 h when fresh erythrocytes or whole blood were stored 4 degrees C. This phenomenon was strongly pH dependent. The temporary increase in 2,3-DPG was scarcely observed below pH 7.4 or above pH 7.8. In the case of whole blood, the increase was observed in CPD blood out not in ACD blood. Similar results were obtained with erythrocytes suspended in saline, when its pH was adjusted to approximately 7.6. Plasma proteins were not essential for the increase in 2,3-DPG content. Extracellular oxygen levels were continually measured in erythrocytes suspensions in order to check the changes in oxygen affinity of hemoglobin without damaging the cells. Both extracellular oxygen levels and 2,3-DPG contents were simultaneously increased by keeping fresh erythrocytes at 4 degrees C. Inhibition of glycolysis with sodium fluoride and monoidoacetic acid indicated that the in vivo steady state of glycosis in erythrocytes might be altered by chilling to make the rate of 2,3-DPG synthesis faster than that of 2,3-DPG decomposition. PMID- 40343 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of hypotensive and anti-angina agents in adrenergic blockade]. PMID- 40344 TI - [Effect of obturation atelectasis on surfactant and parasympathetic nervous system mediator content]. PMID- 40345 TI - Effects of two antihistaminic compounds (mequitazine, dexchlorpheniramine) on sleep. Sleep distorsion by antihistaminics. AB - Twelve healthy subjects have been given mequitazine (two 10-milligramme doses a day), dexchlorpheniramine (two 12-milligramme doses a day) and a placebo for seven days, within a cross-over balanced design. If dexchlorpheniramine induces a significant sleep distortion (slowed REM sleep cycle and decreased amount of REM sleep), no similar trend occured with mequitazine, a result that could be dose or time related. PMID- 40346 TI - The Fourth European Congress on Sleep Research of the European Sleep Research Society was held in Tirgu-Mures, Romania, from September 11--15, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 40347 TI - Naito Foundation Symposium on "Biorhythm and its central mechanism", Tokyo, Japan, August 30--September 2, 1978. PMID- 40348 TI - The fourth European Congress on Sleep Research of the European Sleep Research Society was held in Tirgu-Mures, Romania, from September 11-15, 1978. PMID- 40349 TI - Metabolism of the dyestuff intermediate 2,4-diaminoanisole in the rat. AB - 1. 2,4-Diamino[ring-U-14C]anisole.2HCl administered intraperitoneally to rats is excreted chiefly via the urine (79 and 85% of the dose in 24 and 48 h, respectively). The isotope in the faeces was 2.1 and 8.9% of the dose at 24 and 48 h. 2. The major metabolic pathway was acetylation of the amine groups(s), resulting in 4-acetylamino-2-aminoanisole and 2,4-diacetylaminoanisole. 3. Oxidate pathways yielded 2,4-diacetylaminophenol (O-demethylation), 5-hydroxy-2,4 diacetylaminoanisole (ring hydroxylation), and 2-methoxy-5-(glycol amido)acetanilide or its isomer (omega-oxidation). 4. These major metabolites were excreted in the urine both as free and glucuronic acid conjugates. PMID- 40350 TI - Metabolism of 8-chloro-6-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-s-triazolo [4,3-alpha] [1,4] benzodiazepine, triazolam, a new central depressant. I. Absorption, distribution and excretion in rats, dogs and monkeys. AB - 1. Peak radioactivity in the blood was reached at 30 min after i.p. and 1 h after oral dosing of [14C]triazolam to rats. In dogs, peak blood level was observed at 30 min after oral dosing. 2. Daily dosing of triazolam to male rats for 21 days caused a gradual increase in blood level, with peak at 1 h after dosing. 3. The rate of binding of triazolam plus its metabolites to plasma protein of rats was about 30% at 15 min and 6 h. 4. In rats, the majority of the activity of the intra-intestinally administered [14C]triazolam was found in the small intestines in 6 h. 5. About 58% of the oral dose and 77% of the i.p. dose were recovered in the bile of rats in 48 h after dosing. When the bile from one rat was introduced into the duodenum of a second rat, approximately 37% was recovered in the bile of the second animal in 24 h. 6. In male rats, high radioactivity was seen in the liver, kidneys, adrenals and heart, and low in the CNS. By 96 h after dosing, radioactivity in the liver, blood and kidneys was very low, and was undetectable in other tissues and organs. Radioactivity levels in tissues after daily dosing for 7, 14 and 21 days did not differ appreciably from single administration. 7. In monkeys, activity was high in the liver, kidneys and skin following oral administration and low in the CNS. 8. After oral administration of [14C]triazolam to pregnant rats, the activity in the uterus and placenta was higher than that in the maternal blood. The activity in the foetus was low. 9. In rats given [14C]triazolam orally or i.p., 85% and 12% of the oral dose, and 82% and 14% of the i.p. dose were recovered in the faeces and urine, respectively, in 96 h. The rate of cumulative faecal and urinary excretion after repeated dosing was similar to the single dosing with 80% and 14% of the activity recovered, respectively, in faeces and urine in 6 days. In dogs, 50% of the oral dose was found in the faeces and 40% in the urine. 10. Radioactivity in the milk of rats was maximal at 4 h after oral dosing. It declined to 34% of the peak level 48 h later. PMID- 40351 TI - Metabolism of 8-chloro-6-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-s-triazolo [4,3-alpha] [1,4]benzodiazepine, triazolam, a new central depressant. II. Identification and determination of metabolites in rats and dogs. AB - 1. Eight metabolites of triazolam have been identified, namely, triazolam, dichlorotriazolobenzophenone (DCTB), 1'-hydroxytriazolam, dichloro-alpha hydroxytriazolobenzophenone (1'-hydroxy-DCTB), Ar-hydroxytriazolam, 4 hydroxytriazolam, Ar-1'-dihydroxytriazolam and 1',4-dihydroxytriazolam. 2. Major metabolites found in the urine were 1',4-dihydroxytriazolam, 1'-hydroxy-DCTB and DCTB in rats; 1'-hydroxytriazolam, 4-hydroxytriazolam and conjugated 1' hydroxytriazolam in dogs. 3. Major metabolites found in the faeces were 4 hydroxytriazolam in rats; 1'-hydroxytriazolam and 4-hydroxytriazolam in dogs. 4. Conjugated 4-hydroxytriazolam was the major metabolite in both the original and reabsorbed bile of rats. 5. Major metabolites in free form in the plasma were 4 hydroxytriazolam and 1'-hydroxytriazolam in rats; triazolam and 1' hydroxytriazolam in dogs. 6. The major metabolite in the brain was triazolam, but those in the liver were 4-hydroxytriazolam and triazolam, and in the kidneys were 4-hydroxytriazolam and 1',4-dihydroxytriazolam. 7. Major metabolites in the urine, faeces, plasma and brain after 7-, 14- or 21-day repeated dosing in rats were not much different in type and ratio from those after single dosing. 8. Unchanged triazolam and 1'-hydroxytriazolam were the major metabolites in the plasma, placenta, foetus and amniotic fluid in pregnant rats. 9. There was no change in hepatic aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity from controls in rats given oral dose of [14C]triazolam for 14 days. PMID- 40352 TI - Hepatic microsomal N-hydroxylation of p-chloroaniline and p-chloro-N methylaniline in red-winged blackbird compared with rat. AB - 1. N-Hydroxylation of p-chloroaniline (PCA) and p-chloro-N-methylaniline (PCMA) was measured in red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) and rat (Rattus norvegicus) hepatic microsomes. 2. Redwing hepatic microsomes N-hydroxylated PCA slower than rat microsomes. Furthermore, redwing hepatic microsomes had marginal or no ability to N-hydroxylate PCMA, whereas rat hepatic microsomes N hydroxylated PCMA at a higher rate than PCA. 3. The bird hepatic microsomes had only low or marginal N-demethylase activity with PCMA, whereas the rat hepatic microsomes could N-demethylate PCMA at a higher rate than they could N hydroxylate it. PMID- 40353 TI - [Spin-lattice-relaxationtime-T1 measurements of hyaluronic acid (author's transl)]. AB - Reductions with [3H5NaBH4 proof that the decrease in viscosity of hyaluronic acid solutions caused by lowering the pH does not depend on a depolymerisation of hyaluronic acid. At the same time investigations at different pH-values, show a sigmoide increase of the Spin-Lattice-Relaxationtime T1. This increase depends on a progressive aggregation of the hyaluronic acid molecule. The effect seems to be induced by the decrease of ionization of the carboxylgroups, by acidification of the solution. PMID- 40354 TI - [Eye movements in dyslexic and normally reading children]. PMID- 40355 TI - [Psychophysiologic study of selective attention in man]. PMID- 40356 TI - [EEG activation and momentary heart rate in the memorization of significant verbal material]. PMID- 40357 TI - The Medical Society of Virginia Proceedings. PMID- 40358 TI - [TCO (Central Organization of Salaried Employees) should explain! TCO Congress 1979]. PMID- 40359 TI - [Mechanisms of cyclic purine nucleotide and prostaglandin interaction with the mediator processes on central neurons]. PMID- 40360 TI - [Characteristics of histidine catabolism in prurigo in adults and in disseminated neurodermatitis]. PMID- 40361 TI - [Role of disturbances in the protective barrier properties of the skin in the development of eczema and dermatitides among motor plant workers]. PMID- 40362 TI - [Investigations on the elimination of fluoride in urine after drinking waters containing different quantities of fluoride (author's transl)]. AB - 20 volunteers were given 0.71 of water per day over a period of 10 weeks. Three different types of water were used--with traces of fluoride, with about 0.5 mg/1 fluoride and with about 11 mg/1 fluoride. A highly significant correlation was found between the intake of fluoride with the water and its elimination with the urine. About 50% of the fluoride taken in was eliminated on the same day. PMID- 40363 TI - Stability of patulin at ph 6.0-8.0 and 25 degrees c. AB - Patulin was tested for stability at pH values of 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0, using Sorensen's phosphate buffer at 25 degrees C. Patulin was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. When the percentage of patulin remaining was plotted versus reaction time, apparent first-order reaction plots were obtained. Reaction rate constants for disappearance of patulin ranged from 1.1 x 10(-2) h at pH 8.0-5.3 x 10(-4) h at pH 6.0. Values for half-life were calculated and ranged from 64 h at pH 8.0 to 1310 h at pH 6.0. PMID- 40364 TI - Biosynthesis of fat in surface culture of a local strain of Aspergillus flavus. AB - An Aspergillus flavus strain isolated from Egyptian soil produced fat in appreciable amounts. General evidence for the operation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle in this organism has been ascertained by the detection of citric, malic and fumaric acids in the metabolized culture solution. Maximum fat yield was attained after seven days of incubation. The lower intial pH value of the media favoured the fat obtained from the felts and raised its acid value. When the felts were sterilized in their acidic metabolism solutions increased the acid values of the fats over those of fats extracted from felts sterilized in distilled water. The felts autoclaved for the longest time produced the highest yields of fat with the highest free acidity. The employment of calcium carbonate in the nutrient solutions raised appreciably the acid values of the fats and suppressed the other metabolic activities. PMID- 40365 TI - [Surgical treatment of hiatal hernias (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis "hiatal hernia" does not equate with surgery, but if it is combined with disturbed function of the gastrooesophageal transitional area or reflux oesophagitis it needs therapy. Therefore, the diagnosis has to be made with care. Based on over 800 cases the intraluminal layered pH-metry proved to be a very helpful method. Paraoesophageal hernias should be surgically treated due to their tendency towards strangulation and incarceration. From 1956 to 1976 287 patients suffering from hiatal hernia were operated on, mortality rate and late results are analysed. PMID- 40366 TI - [The technic for surgical treatment of congenital testicular dystopias]. PMID- 40367 TI - [Unspezific gynaecological infections - changes in diagnosis and therapy over the last 100 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 40368 TI - [The effects of Pavulon (pancuronium bromide) on maternal circulation and metabolism as well as on fetal metabolism and postnatal condition at Caesarean section (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of pancuronium bromide (Pavulon) on maternal circulation and metabolism as well as on fetal metabolism and postnatal conditions were studied in 13 women in late pregnancy (between gestational weeks 33 and 40) requiring Caesarean section in general anaesthesia. A comparison with results of 50 spontaneous deliveries without analgetics was performed. The average dosage of 4 mg did not effect the maternal blood pressure, fetal muscle tonus and cardiorespiratory adaption of the newborn. According to general anaesthesia we found in acid-base status a pH decrease with respiratory acidosis in comparison with spontaneous deliveries without anaesthetics, but pH and pCO2 were normalized 30 min after delivery. On the contrary, the oxygen tension were higher as at delivery as 30 min after delivery by Caesarean section. Although 1 minute Apgar score was lower than after spontaneous delivery the heart rate and frequency of ventilation were normal in every time and in the following minutes Apgar score was 7 to 10, too. An effect of pancuronium bromide to maternal or fetal carbohydrate metabolism could not be found. The less side effects on maternal cardiovascular system and the missing influence in postnatal condition recommand pancuronium bromide as a suitable relaxant in obstetrical anaesthesia, too. PMID- 40369 TI - [Immunodiffusion methods of studying the F-fraction antigens obtained from group A streptococci]. AB - F fractions, obtained by the extraction of cultures of group A streptococci with distilled water at different pH, were studied by immunodifusion methods and subjected to chemical analysis. F fractions were shown to contain polyglcerophosphate, antigen E4 and in some cases group polysaccharide. Besides, F fractions were found to contain an antigen insensitive to trypsin and identical to one of the antigens of the thermostable fraction, as well as an antigen sensitive to the action of proteolytic enzymes and common to various types of group A streptococci. The antigen sensitive to the action of proteolytic enzymes were identical to one of the antigens showing no type specificity and contained in HC1 extracts prepared from group A streptococci. In grouping and typing group A streptococci the present of some F fraction antigens unrelated either to polysaccharide or to M substance should be taken into consideration. The antigens of F fraction have no protective properties. PMID- 40370 TI - [Plasmid identification in E. coli cells of natural origin]. PMID- 40371 TI - [Changes in the clinical picture and course of psychoses as a result of massive psychopharmacotherapy and their role in improving treatment services]. AB - An analysis of certain regularities in drug pathomorphosis of psychoses in the form of transitions from psychotical states to pseudoneurotic showed a slowing in their progression, changes in the syndrome structure, an increase in the amount of incomplete or reduced conditions. This circumstance prompted reconsideration of some routine therapeutic approaches. The main recommendations include restriction of neuroleptics, expansion of the diagnosis of depressions, the use of methods of intensive psychopharmacology in combination with active rehabilitation, as well as introduction of new forms of organizational aid. PMID- 40372 TI - Partial purification and some properties of a liver alkaline ribonuclease from the frog Rana esculenta. AB - 1. RNAases varying in pH optimum, activation with pCMB, sensitivity towards temperature and acid treatment, as well as electrophoretic mobility were found in Rana esculenta liver extract. 2. Of the three activity peaks of alkaline ribonuclease separated on CM-cellulose with 2000-fold purification, RNAase of peak C is thermo- and acid-stable and exhibits specificity for pyrimidine bases, preferring poly(U) over poly(C). 3. Differences in the specific "inhibitory effect" of frog liver supernatant on the frog liver alkaline RNAase were observed. PMID- 40373 TI - Iodoamino acid synthesis in thyroid lobes in vitro with excellent yield of iodothyronines. AB - Thyroid lobes of male Sprague-Dawley rats on an iodine-sufficient diet were incubated in our improved in vitro system with 0.01 microM 127I and 5mU/ml of bovine TSH. Thyroidal 131I-uptake and the relative incorporation of iodine into iodothyronines increased with time. The average yield of each iodoamino acid after 8 h of incubation was: monoiodotyrosine 28.0%, diiodotyrosine 46.5%, triiodothyronine 1.9% and thyroxine 13.9%, which showed a striking resemblance to the values obtained in vivo. The yields of iodotyrosines and iodothyronines, the latter in particular, were strikingly high, and this system is considered to be useful in the study of thyroidal iodine metabolism. Effects of TSH, temperature and pH of the medium were examined and a unique effect of pH was observed on the iodoamino acid synthesis. As the pH was elevated from 6.8 to 7.9, 131I-uptake, MIT/DIT ratio, T4/DIT ratio and T3/T4 ratio increased. The effect of slightly alkaline pH was considered to be similar to that observed in iodine-deficiency. It was found that the rubber stoppers which are commonly used in short-term incubation contain a kind of potent inhibitor of thyroid hormone synthesis. The pattern of inhibition was similar to that of thionamide compounds. PMID- 40374 TI - [Pancreatic polypeptide]. PMID- 40375 TI - [Report of Working Group supported by Grant of the Ministry of Education : "Platelets, their role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Experimental and clinical studies" (author's transl)]. PMID- 40376 TI - Dixyrazine (Esucos) as premedication for esophagogastroscopy. A controlled double blind trial. AB - Dixyrazine (Esucos) as premedication for esophagogastroscopy was studied in a double-blind trial with diazepam and atropine in 321 successive endoscopies. It was established that dixyrazine was fairly well tolerated, regurgitation was significantly reduced. A distinct antiemetic effect was observed compared with diazepam; the difference was statistically significant in the male patients. Dixyrazine may be regarded as a fairly good alternative premedication for esophagogastroscopy. PMID- 40377 TI - Electrometric measurement of canine pancreatic tissue pH under conditions of preserved circulation and of ischaemia. AB - Canine pancreatic pH was measured by an electrometric method, which is described in detail. 60 measurements carried out in neuroleptanalgesia of the animals gave a mean figure of 7.29 +/- 0.10 for pancreatic pH in situ. For arterial blood pH in the same animals the mean value was 7.22 +/- 0.08. The difference between pancreatic and arterial blood pH is significant. Anaesthesia of 3 hr duration produced no significant change either in pancreatic pH or in arterial blood pH or in the serum amylase and serum lipase levels. Vascular isolation of the pancreas and adjoining duodenal segment was produced in 13 animals. In 10 of these ischaemia induced by clamping of the arterial pathways for 1 hr resulted in a fall of pH by 0.65 +/- 0.21. Restoration of blood-flow at the end of the first hour was followed by a return of pH to the original values. The 3 control animals revealed no significant changes in the pH and enzyme values. PMID- 40378 TI - Study of pancreatic tissue pH in the early stage of experimental acute pancreatitis. AB - Pancreatic pH was measured electrometrically over a period of 3 h in 34 dogs with acute necrotic pancreatis. The disease had been induced with sunflower oil in 10, with Na-taurocholate in 10 and with hen's egg yolk in 10 animals. Four dogs served as controls. The pH of the pancreatic tissue changed differently in the different groups, in accordance with the different pathomechanisms. Injection of sunflower oil was followed by a protracted acidosis of pancreatic tissue, that of taurocholate by a transitory moderate decline of pH. Egg-yolk produced an evanescent, slight fall in pancreatic pH, followed by complete normalization within a few minutes. The differences between the initial and the 3-h values attain the level of significance only in case of sunflower-oil pancreatitis. PMID- 40379 TI - Anesthesia for the asthmatic patient. PMID- 40380 TI - Comparative potency and speed of onset of fazadinium and d-tubocurarine. AB - The potency and speed of onset of fazadinium and d-tubocurarine have been compared at three cumulative doses. Wtih thiopentone as the induction agent, the dose ratio fazadinium/d-tubocurarine ranged from 1.2 to 1.3 for single twitch reduction and from 1.1 to 1.2 for reduction of tetanus. The times taken for the development of 50% and 100% effect after each dose increment were not significantly different for the three doses of fazadinium and the 2nd and 3nd doses of d-tubocurarine. However, the 1st dose of d-tubocurarine was markedly slower than fazadinium to achieve a 50% and 100% effect. PMID- 40381 TI - Developments in understanding the physiology and pharmacology of parkinsonism. AB - While the era of major advances in understanding and treating parkinsonism seems to be over, steady progress is being made in elucidating physiological and pharmacological aspects of extrapyramidal function. The dramatic impact of levodopa therapy has been followed by the recognition of serious limitations to its long-term use, which provides a continuing stimulus for efforts to analyze the physiological and pharmacological properties of the basal ganglia and substantia nigra. There are reasonable grounds for the hope that this research will lead to significant developments in therapy. PMID- 40382 TI - Cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Proceedings of the IXth International Symposium on Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. PMID- 40383 TI - [Seminal pathology in patients with retractile testes]. PMID- 40384 TI - Uptake of putative neurotransmitters in the organ of Corti. AB - In vitro uptake of putative neurotransmitters into the organ of Corti of the guinea pig was studied by autoradiography. After incubation in 3H-glycine the label was heaviest over the inner hair cell, but was not confined to the synaptic region of the cell. After incubation in 3H-GABA, 3H-glutamate and 3H-aspartate, heavy labeling was seen over the fibers and terminals of the efferent olivocochlear bundle. Leucine, an amino acid not thought to be a neurotransmitter, was uniformly taken up by all cochlear structures. The fact that GABA, glutamate and aspartate are taken up into efferents, which are almost certainly cholinergic, suggests that high affinity uptake of these substances is not restricted to terminals in which these substances are released as neurotransmitters. PMID- 40385 TI - European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 12th Annual Meeting, London, England May 10-11, 1979. PMID- 40386 TI - Beta-mimetic agents and other bronchodilating drugs in children. PMID- 40387 TI - Periarteritis nodosa in spontaneously hypertensive rats -- incidence and distribution. AB - SHR rats (Nihon Rat Inc.) were used to study spontaneous arterial lesions morphologically resembling human periarteritis nodosa (PN). Male SHR rats (159) developed PN in 76.1%, whereas females (39) in 10.3% during a period of 2 to 15 months of age. The frequency of PN in male SHR rats tended to increase with ageing and reached 100% at 9 months of age. PN lesions were widely distributed with only the lungs, brain and aorta being spared. PN in females was restricted to the tongue, parametrium and mesenterium. Male SHR rats with hypertension of more than 180 mm Hg showed PN in 81.7%, whereas in females with the same hypertension PN was found in only 17.4%. Although there was apparent sex difference in the incidence and background of hypertension, male SHR rats might be a useful animal model of human PN. PMID- 40388 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis with systemic necrotizing arteritis. AB - An autopsy case of rheumatoid arthritis with active polyarthritis, systemic necrotizing arteritis, pleuritis, pericarditis, rheumatoid nodules in a few organs and a healing gastric ulcer was reported. Histologically, systemic necrotizing arteritis was characterized by vascular changes of the following three types: Granulomatous arteritis with a characteristic arrangement of mesenchymal cells forming a palisade around coagulation necrosis of media and some of them formed a rheumatoid nodule-like lesion in the wall (RA type); Fibrinoid arteritis very similar to the Kussmaul-Maier type periarteritis nodosa (PN type); and chronic arteritis with endarterial proliferation (Ep type). Although it is hard to distinguish arteritis of PN type from the Kussmaul-Maier type periarteritis nodosa, arteritis of RA type with rheumatoid nodule-like lesion in the wall may be interpreted as an extremely developed form of vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 40389 TI - Effects of adrenergic beta-blockers and a membrane stabilizing agent on ouabain induced cardiac arrhythmias in anaesthetized guinea pigs. AB - The antiarrhythmic effects of dl'propranolol, d-propranolol, metoprolol and lidocaine against ouabain-induced cardiac arrhythmias were studied. It was found that contrary to earlier findings in the dog, the effects of the adrenergic beta blockers against ouabain-arrhythmias in guinea pigs were due to beta-blocking activity and not the membrane-stabilizing activity of the compounds. The cardioselective beta-blocker, metoprolol, was more or equally effective as dl propranolol against ouabain-induced arrhythmias in guinea pigs. PMID- 40390 TI - Mutagenic activation of tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate: the role of microsomal oxidative metabolism. AB - The flame retardant tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (Tris-BP) is converted to products which are mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 in the presence of rat liver microsomes, NADPH and oxygen. Other bromopropyl-compounds were also mutagenic; 2,3-dibromopropene and 2,3-dibromopropionic acid were directly mutagenic, whereas 2,3-dibromopropanol and tris(2-bromopropyl)phosphate were weakly mutagenic after addition of liver microsomes and cofactors. Typical in vivo and in vitro inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 inhibited Tris-BP mutagenicity. The effects of inducers of cytochrome P-450 on Tris-BP mutagenicity was dependent on the concentration of mutagen and microsomal protein in the assay, indicating complexity in the kinetics involved when dealing with possible multiple pathways that lead to mutagenicity. Addition of glutathione strongly inhibited Tris-BP mutagenicity. It is suggested that Tris-BP is oxidized to a reactive electrophile, possibly the 2-keto derivative, which could react with nucleophilic groups in DNA and thus lead to mutagenic events. PMID- 40391 TI - Inhibition of apomorphine-induced climbing in mice by cholinergic drugs and neuroleptics. AB - Apomorphine (ap) was administered subcutaneously to mice kept in individual cages. Ap elicited an abnormal vertical climbing behaviour. The muscarinomimetics physostigmine and oxotremorine as well as the neuroleptics clozapine and haloperidol inhibited the climbing produced by ap 1 mg/kg. A small inactive dose of physostigmine potentiated the effect of clozapine but not that of haloperidol. The anticholinergic atropine antagonized the effect of physostigmine, oxotremozine, clozapine and haloperidol. The climbing behaviour produced by ap is presumably due to stimulation of dopamine receptors and this effect can be antagonized either by blockade of dopamine receptors or by activation of muscarinic receptors. Some lines of evidence suggest that the ap-inhibitory effect of clozapine may be partly due to a muscarinomimetic effect. PMID- 40392 TI - Correlation between melperone plasma concentrations and changes in the effective refractory period of the right atrium and ventricle of the dog. PMID- 40393 TI - Naloxone: a potent ketobemidone antagonist in man. AB - Naloxone has been accepted as a potent antagonist towards several narcotic analgesics, e.g. morphine, heroin and pethidin. Its effect as an antagonist and its potency against ketobemidone have not been tested in man. We have described the antagonistic effect of naloxone towards the respiratory depression caused by the administration of ketobemidone to patients anesthetized with N2O/O2 and methohexitone. PMID- 40394 TI - Fluoride inhibition of protein and DNA synthesis in cells in vitro. AB - Fluoride concentrations at and above 0.9 mM caused a progressive, concentration related inhibition in the incorporation of both 14C-leucine and 3H-thymidine in LS cells incubated in medium with serum. The incorporation of leucine was more affected than that of thymidine. Lowering the pH enhanced the effect of fluoride on both. Removing serum from the incubation medium changed the effect of fluoride, particularly at low pH (7.0). Incorporation of leucine was then stimulated by low fluoride concentrations (0.5 and 0.9 mM), and the effect on thymidine incorporation was eradicated up to 1.3 mM-NaF. No differences were found in the pool and the specific activity of 14C-leucine in the fluoride exposed cells compared to control cells without fluoride (incubated at pH 7.4 in medium without serum). The cellular pool of 3H-thymidine decreased markedly during the incubation period, somewhat less in the fluoride exposed cells than in the control. PMID- 40395 TI - Abstracts of the Scientific session on physiological mechanisms of regulation in the organism of animals and man. Sofia, November 28-29, 1978. PMID- 40396 TI - Motor reactivity of isolated heart of grass-snake (Natrix natrix L.) effects of temperature and pH. AB - It was demonstrated that isolated heart of the grass-snake perfused with a fluid of properly chosen components can pulsate without abnormalities for at least 12 hours, and the rate of its contractions depends, in a high degree, on the temperature. This relationship is a logarithmic one, although in the temperature range from 10 degrees to 22 degrees C the regression is linear. The highest temperature at which the heart rhythm was still regular was 34 degrees C. The isolated heart contracted rhythmically and normally even when pH of the nutritive solution differed considerably from the physiological value, showing greater tolerance of contractility in the case of solutions in the alkaline range of pH. It seems that the pH range from 6.5 to 9.5 is the optimal one for maintaining the function of grass-snake heart. PMID- 40397 TI - Influence of neural and humoral beta-adrenoceptor stimulation on dynamic myogenic microvascular reactivity in cat skeletal muscle. AB - Analysis of myogenic microvascular reactivity in terms of its recently described prominent dynamic component was performed before and during graded sympathetic stimulation and catecholamine infusion. Phenoxybenzamine and propranolol were used to differentiate between alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor effects. The study first confirmed previous findings of a beta-adrenergic inhibitory component in the neural control of microvascular resistance which attenuated the alpha adrenergic constriction. The results concerning the interaction between adrenergic and myogenic control mechanisms corroborated the conclusion that the sympathoadrenal system, via its beta-adrenergic link, exerts effective inhibitory action on myogenic excitatory reactions. As regards the neural control, its beta adrenergic component seemed to quite precisely compensate for the reinforcing effect on the myogenic constrictor response which results from increased vascular tone per se (in this case caused by alpha-adrenergic constriction), interpreted as a physical 'gain' effect inherent in the inverse fourth power relationship between radius and resistance. The latter complicating factor, which implies non linearity in integrated peripheral resistance control, was thus revealed only after beta-blockade, but not on the vascular bed with intact adrenoceptors, where a given transmural pressure stimulus evoked an almost equally large myogenic constrictor response irrespective of the prevailing level of vascular tone. The beta-inhibitory action of blood-borne noradrenaline was similar to the neural one, whereas that of adrenaline was more effective, causing decline of myogenic reactivity below control. PMID- 40398 TI - Radiation sensitivity change of hemopoietic cells induced by hydroxyurea. AB - Hemopoietic tissues of mice contain cells capable of proliferation and differentiation to form endogenous spleen colonies (Endo-CFU-S) in irradiated animals. Hydroxyurea (HU) given before irradiation of C57BL mice for endogenous CFU assay increased the number of surviving CFU-S twofold. Either HU or HSATT given after the initial stimulus abolished this rise. In vivo and in vitro 'suicide' assays of spleen cells indicated that cells were stimulated by the HU or the initial stimulus to enter into DNA synthesis shortly after stimulation. The resting CFU cell population appeared to be positioned close to DNA-S phase and responded to the stimulus by entry into S phase. Whole body irradiation at intervals after HU revealed a changing radiation sensitivity of the endogenous CFU-S consistent with drug-induced progression with decreased radiation sensitivity of the S phase cohort of cells. PMID- 40399 TI - Biliary and pancreatic secretions in abdominal irradiation. AB - The biliary and pancreatic secretions have been determined in patients given pelvic or para-aortic irradiation, with a dose of 50 Gy in the former group and between 36 and 40 Gy in the latter. A test meal containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as reference substance was used. Each sample of the duodenal content was assayed for volume, PEG content, amylase and trypsin activity, pH and biliary secretion. No significant modifications of biliary and pancreatic secretions were demonstrated after irradiation, suggesting that these functions are not involved in the pathogenesis of the malabsorption radiation syndrome. PMID- 40400 TI - Properties of erythrocyte catalase from heterozygotes for Japanese type acatalasemia. AB - The level of blood catalase activity in heterozygotes for Japanese type acatalasemia was demonstrated to be about half of normal levels by means of titration and spectrophotometric methods. A distribution plot of catalase activities in heterozygous blood was completely separate from that of normal blood. Comparative analysis of the partially purified erythrocyte catalase preparations obtained from normal and heterozygous individuals revealed no distinct differences between them regarding stability to heat, sodium dodecyl sulfate and some enzyme inhibitors or pH dependency. The erythrocyte catalase in heterozygotes for Japanese type acatalasemia contains about half the normal specific activity and as stable as that in normal individuals. PMID- 40401 TI - Proceedings of the 27th annual meeting of the Societa Italiana di Neurochirurgia, Rome, 16--18 November 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 40402 TI - Self-regulation of analgesics: a single case study. PMID- 40403 TI - Positional isotope exchange studies of enzyme mechanisms. PMID- 40404 TI - Cell substrates. Their use in the production of vaccines and other biologicals. PMID- 40405 TI - Effects of insulinotropic agents on cationic fluxes in islet cells. PMID- 40406 TI - Determination of prekallikrein in plasma by means of a chromogenic tripeptide substrate for plasma kallikrein. AB - A method for plasma prekallikrein determination utilizing a chromogenic tripeptic substrate is presented. The method has a good reproducibility and can easily be automized. Several parameters have been optimized. By using mixtures of deficient plasmas and pooled normal plasma or purified factors it was proved that prekallikrein was the factor determined and that more than 10% (of normal plasma concentration) of FXII and HMW kininogen were essential for the activation of prekallikrein in our method. Further experiments showed that the method was fairly selective and was not influenced by inhibitors present in normal plasma. The later finding was attributed to the high dilution of plasma made possible by using a potent activator and a sensitive substrate. PMID- 40407 TI - Properties and regulation of guanylate cyclase and some proposed functions for cyclic GMP. PMID- 40408 TI - Regulation of protein synthesis by polypeptide hormones and cyclic AMP. PMID- 40409 TI - Glomerulonephritis and necrotizing angiitis. PMID- 40411 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism in inflammation and thrombosis. Proceedings of the "First European Workshop on Inflammation" held in Basel in March 1979. PMID- 40410 TI - On the effect of sulphasalazine on the prostaglandin system and the defective prostaglandin inactivation observed in experimental ulcerative colitis. PMID- 40412 TI - [Effect of vitamin D and vitamin E on the erythrocyte membrane. I. Effect on in vitro osmolar resistance and lysis]. AB - As in the case of retinol, low doses of cholecalcipherol and alpha-tocopherol "in vitro" increase the osmotic resistance of red blood cells, while high doses have a lytic effect on the erythrocytes of various animal species (e.g.: man, sheep, rabbit, guinea-pig, mouse, rat) with the exception of the chicken. The haemolytic effect of cholecalcipherol is less intense than that of retinol; alpha tochopherol, while causing even less haemolysis than cholecalcipherol, involves a remarkable loss of K+ from the red cells. Besides these quantitative differences, the mechanism of action of the three vitamins seems somewhat different, as shown by modifications of the suspension medium (e.g.: pH, temperature, presence of proteins and reducing substances) or by treatment of the red cells with trypsin. Our results therefore essentially confirm the hypothesis of Dingle and Lucy of common mechanism of action of liposoluble vitamins on biological membranes. PMID- 40413 TI - [Regulation processes in biological systems. II. Role of compartmentation and of organized multienzyme systems]. AB - The picture, emerging from the experimental results on the physical association of multienzyme systems, is that the true physiological significance of the aggregated state can be understood only if it is correlated to the structural and functional integration of the cellular metabolic framework as a whole. The enzyme clusters exhibit two distinct functional properties. The first is the spatial translocation of intermediate substrates, the effect of which may be viewed as metabolic "channelling" or "vectorial catalysis" if the enzyme clusters are arrayed in some manner in the cell. The second is the coordinate regulation which represents an efficient and economical mean of controlling two or more functionally related enzymes. The common element to these two properties is the spatial character, which is potentially present in the function and the regulation of the intermediary metabolism. The biological systems, and metabolism in particular, exhibit both stability and variability; the latter sometimes assumes the character of periodicity. Whether the oscillations have a definite importance at the level of the intermediary metabolism itself, may well be questioned; the oscillatory faculties may rather serve as elements to be used in more complex functions of the biological systems. A thorough understanding of the role of clustered multienzyme systems and of the oscillatory phenomena in cellular metabolism demands a clearer physicochemical picture of the dynamic state of the living cell than we have at present. For this reason some of the generalizations derived from in vitro studies of single, isolated enzyme activities are not justified. PMID- 40414 TI - Newcastle disease virus-specific RNA: an analysis of 24 S and 35 S RNA transcripts. AB - The denaturation of Newcastle disease virus-specific 24 S and 35 S RNA by heat or formamide treatment led to a shift of a large part (60--80%) of RNA into the 18 S zone. The remaining 20--40% could not be dissociated further by repeated denaturation or by centrifugation in dimethyl sulfoxide-sucrose gradient. Hybridization-competition analysis revealed that the majority (approximately 75%) of the non-dissociable 35 S RNA and almost all the material present in the non dissociable 24 S RNA were represented by nucleotide sequences homologous to 18 S RNA. On the other hand, the non-dissociable 35 S RNA lacked some of the sequences present in 18 S RNA, since no more than 45% of the labelled 18 S RNA could be displaced from the hybrid by an excess of unlabelled non-dissociable 35 S RNA. The possible origin of 24 S and 35 S RNA is discussed. PMID- 40415 TI - Cellular localization of Saint Louis encephalitis virus replication. AB - Replication of Saint Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus was inhibited when PS cells were treated with actinomycin D, daunomycin or cordycepin during the first 9 hr after infection. Autoradiography of SLE virus-infected pulse labelled cells demonstrated that viral RNA synthesis is localized within the nuclear area. Nuclei purified from cells after 12 hr of infection contained heterogeneous 20 S to 26 S viral RNA but no SLE virus genome sized 43 S RNA. Later during infection, nuclei isolated from infected cells contained large amounts of 43 S and 20 S to 26 S RNAs. The 43 S viral RNA present in cells late in infection could not be removed with 1% Tween 80: Nonidet P 40. Purified nuclei isolated from cells early in infection supported the synthesis of 43 S virion RNA in the absence of cytoplasmic factors. The cytoplasmic membrane fraction prepared from cells early in infection contained heterogeneous 10 S to 26 S RNA species; later during infection these membranes contained viral 43 S, 26 S to 30 S and 4 S RNA. These results suggest that the nucleus is an important site of early viral synthesis. PMID- 40416 TI - Role of calcium dependent regulator protein (CDR) in inhibition of 3',5'-c AMP phosphodiesterase by influenza virus. I. Isolation and purification of CDR and CDR-dependent 3',5'-c' AMP-phosphodiesterase from chick embryos. AB - Calcium-dependent regulator protein (CDR) and CDR-dependent 3',5'-c AMP phosphodiesterase were isolated and partially purified from 12-day chick embryos. Some basic properties of the preparations obtained were described. Native (infectious) but not noninfectious (heat-inactivated) influenza virus in the presence of CDR and ATP reduced the activity of CDR-dependent phosphodiesterase. PMID- 40417 TI - Role of calcium-dependent regulator protein (CDR) in inhibition of 3',5'-c AMP phosphodiesterase by influenza virus. II. Kinetic studies on inhibition of CDR dependent phosphodiesterase by influenza virus. AB - As revealed by spectrophotometry, native but not heat-inactivated influenza virus in the presence of ATP reduced the activity of calcium-dependent regulator protein-stimulated 3',5'-c AMP-phosphodiesterase (CDR-PDE). ATP could be partially replaced by ADP but not by AMP. The degree of CDR-PDE inhibition increased with increasing virus concentration. But at very high virus concentrations the rate of 3',5'-c AMP hydrolysis by CDR-PDE was not linearly dependent on time. At appropriate virus concentrations the degree of inhibition of CDR-PDE activity remained unchanged for the whole reaction time. PMID- 40418 TI - Effects of cytosine arabinoside on the incorporation of pyrimidine nucleosides into hamster cells transformed by herpes simplex type 1 and type 2 viruses and by human cytomegalovirus. AB - The incorporation of 3H-thymidine and 3H-deoxycytidine into acidoprecipitable fraction of hamster cells transformed by herpes simplex viruses type 1 and type 2 and of 3H-thymidine into hamster cells transformed by human cytomegalovirus was found to be resistant to the action of cytosine arabinoside. More 3H-thymidine was incorporated into these cells in the presence than in the absence of the drug. Similar stimulaton of 3H-thymidine uptake could be achieved by using unlabelled deoxycytidine instead of cytosine arabinoside. Incorporation of both nucleosides into spontaneously and SV40 transformed cells was efficiently inhibited by the drug. PMID- 40419 TI - Cross-neutralization between vesicular stomatitis virus type Indiana and Chandipura virus. AB - Using highly potent immune sheep sera, it was possible to demonstrate that: (1) Two rhabdoviruses, classified in the Vesiculovirus genus on morphological grounds but previously considered unrelated, viz., the vesicular stomatitis virus type Indiana (VSV), and Chandipura virus (ChV), show a low-level, but distinct cross neutralization. This was, in most combinations, considerably increased by complement. (2) The species of cells used for growing the viruses for immunization and for neutralization tests, influenced the level of cross neutralization. (3) No cross-reaction between VSV and ChV could be detected in the immunodiffusion reaction. (4) Immune sera, raised in sheep by immunization with the two purified rhabdoviruses contained complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies specifically reacting with the cell species used for growing the viruses. PMID- 40420 TI - Quantitative and rapid assays of togaviruses by immunofluorescence. AB - For the quantitative assay of selected togaviruses, suspensions of BHK cells were inoculated with virus and grown in spinner cultures. At intervals, dependent on the growth characteristics of the viruses, about 10(3) cells were centrifuged on to microscope slides and then stained with fluorescent antibody. For rapid demonstration (2--3 hr) of specific viral antigens, virus was bound in successive dilutions onto microscope slides and stained. Binding of specific anti-virus antibodies in both methods, was determined either by a second labelled antibody against complement or by labelled protein A. By these methods the determination of viral antigens (Sindbis, Semliki Forest, West Nile and hog cholera viruses) was independent from the source of immune sera. PMID- 40421 TI - Early events in non-lethal rabies infection. AB - Inoculation of sublethal doses of rabies virus strains isolated from small wild rodents resulted in non-lethal infection of white mice. During the first 48 hr after inoculation the virus neutralizing and protection activities in mouse sera and brain suspensions increased, followed by a transient decrease on the 3rd and 4th day. In some cases there also occurred transient multiplication of virus, which retained a relatively high infectivity for mice. PMID- 40422 TI - Newcastle disease virus-specific RNA: hybridization-competition of the non dissociable 35 S RNA with individual 18 S RNA species. AB - The non-dissociable fraction of Newcastle disease virus- (NDV-Y specific 35 S RNA competed efficiently with two individual 18 S RNA transcripts in hybridization competition experiments with 50 S virion RNA. The third 18 S component could not be displaced from the hybrid by an excess of non-dissociable 35 S RNA. PMID- 40423 TI - Decrease of sensitivity to cell-growth inhibitory effect of interferon in human embryo cells after infection with SV40. AB - No changes in sensitivity of human embryo cells (HEC) to the antiviral action of interferon early (i.e. up to 17 days) after infection with simian virus 40 (SV40) could be detected. At the same time the sensitivity of cells to the cell-growth inhibitory effect of interferon decreased considerably. The changes in sensitivity of HEC to interferon action occurred during 5 successive passages following the infection with SV40 and remained on a similar level thereafter. During this period, no morphological alterations of cells were observed. PMID- 40424 TI - Comparison of different serological methods in diagnosing primary and recurrent cytomegalovirus infections in pregnancy. PMID- 40425 TI - Isolation of endotoxic lipopolysaccharide from phase II Coxiella burnetti. PMID- 40426 TI - Antiserum to type 1 mouse interferon neutralizes endotoxin-induced interferon in mice. PMID- 40427 TI - Effect of coxsackie virus infection on the immune response of mice to sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 40428 TI - Pharmacology of continence and micturition. AB - Knowledge of the neurophysiology and nueropharmacology of the lower urinary tract is necessary for proper utilization of drugs to manage disorders of continence and micturition. It is also important in understanding the urologic manifestations of common drugs used for nonurologic indications. In general, bladder activity is augmented by cholinergic (muscarinic) drugs and is depressed by antimuscarinic drugs. Drugs with alpha-adrenergic activity tend to increase bladder outlet resistance, while drugs with alpha-adrenergic blocking activity tend to decrease bladder outlet resistance. PMID- 40429 TI - Clinical pharmacology of the new beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Part 8. Self poisoning with beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents: recognition and management. PMID- 40430 TI - Cardiac hypertrophy in early hypertension. AB - Studies of cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats have indicated that left ventricular hypertrophy occurred even in the prehypertensive stage. These findings suggested that other factors besides blood pressure levels, and including possibly a genetic predisposition to myocardial hypertrophy, could play a role in structural cardiovascular alterations in spontaneously hypertensive rats. More recent studies have confirmed these anatomic results; left ventricular hypertrophy was vectorcardiographically detected even in the prehypertensive stage in voth young stroke-prone rats and stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats. Further, a close relation was found between degree of left ventricular hypertrophy and vascular hypertrophy or hyperplasia; this suggests that early detection of left ventricular hypertrophy may be a useful indicator of the incipient stage of structural vascular changes in genetic hypertension. PMID- 40431 TI - Postnoxious desensitization: some clinical notes on the combined use of hypnosis and systematic desensitization. PMID- 40432 TI - Serum diazepam concentrations in overdose. Their significance. AB - Total serum benzodiazepine concentrations were correlated with clinical manifestations in 93 cases of diazepam overdose. Diazepam and nordiazepam were also each separately determined in 101 serum specimens from cases of diazepam overdose, including 27 cases from the aforementioned clinical correlation study. In addition, serum nordiazepam concentrations were measured in five cases of chlorazepate overdose. Concentrations of total benzodiazepine ranged from 1 to 22 microgram/ml. All patients survived with supportive therapy only. Each of the 25 patients who had ingested only diazepam was awake or in grade 0 coma, even when drug concentrations were ten-fold greater than the accepted upper limit of the therapeutic range. None of the patients who had ingested only diazepam needed hospitalization; all were discharged from acute medical care after a period of emergency room observation. The ratios of parent drug to N-desmethyl metabolite (nordiazepam) in those overdose specimens analyzed by gas chromatography averaged 3:1. This high ratio may be useful in differentiating acute overdose from high concentrations resulting from chronic therapy. Although determination of diazepam concentrations aid in establishing that an overdose has occurred, when more than grade I or II coma is present, other drugs or an alternative explanation should be sought, regardless of the drug concentration. PMID- 40433 TI - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, systemic lupus erythematosus, and related disorders. Possible pathogenetic pathways. AB - The authors discuss the hypothesis that the spontaneously developing (angio-) immunoblastic lymphadenopathy of man as well as the various autoantibodies and constitutional symptoms accompanying this disease may be mediated by different reactions of T lymphocytes toward adjacent lymphocytes and macrophages, whose membranes were rendered incompatible by certain viruses or sensitizing drugs such as the antiepileptic compound diphenylhydantoin. This concept is based on two different lines of experimental evidence: (1) results obtained with animal graft versus-host reactions, in which immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, angiogenesis, dermatitis and multiple autoantibody formation are known to be induced by reactions of parental T lymphocytes toward genetically foreign structures of the major histocompatibility complex; (2) experiments pointing to an essential similarity in T-cell reactions toward genetically foreign major histocompatibility structures on the one hand and self-major histocompatibility structures that were rendered "foreign" by viruses or chemicals on the other hand; (3) recent findings in mice that demonstrate a T-cell-dependent lymphoproliferation after the administration of diphenylhydantoin. PMID- 40434 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine: development and prospects. PMID- 40435 TI - Susceptibility of streptococci to newer tetracyclines and cephalosporins and to other antimicrobial agents. AB - Two hundred and thirty-nine strains of Streptococcus including 71 strains of Group A, 81 strains of Group B, 69 strains of enterococci, and 18 strains of S. pneumoniae were tested against 12 antimicrobial agents using an agar dilution method. Cefamandole was the most active cephalosporin tested. Doxycycline and minocycline were more active than tetracycline, although the tetracyclines were considerably less inhibitory than the cephalosporins. Regression line analysis of zones of inhibition versus minimal inhibitory concentration values for tetracycline and minocycline showed the tetracycline disc to be unacceptable for predicting the susceptibility of the Group A Streptococcus to minocycline. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for clindamycin, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, and spectinomycin are also given. PMID- 40436 TI - The effect of acute maternal hemorrhage on the release of catecholamines in the pregnant ewe and the fetus. AB - Five chronically instrumented pregnant ewes and their fetuses were studied to assess the effect of acute maternal hemorrhage. The hemorrhage was produced in two stages; during the first stage 15% of the total maternal blood volume was removed, and then in a second stage an additional 15% was removed. Biophysical and biochemical variables were monitored. Plasma dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were determined by a sensitive radioenzymatic assay. A significant rise in maternal and fetal catecholamines was observed following an estimated maternal blood volume depletion of 30%. During a 15-minute recovery period, the maternal catecholamine concentrations returned to normal, while the fetal concentrations remained elevated. These changes were accompanied by significant changes in maternal and fetal homeostasis. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 40437 TI - Relationship between calcium and hydrogen ions in heart muscle. PMID- 40438 TI - Permanent changes of ventricular contractility and compliance in chronic volume overload. AB - Left ventricular volume overload (LVVO) has been created in 18 dogs by anastomosing a Dacron conduit between the infrarenal abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. The dogs previously were instrumented so that in the awake state LV pressure, systemic arterial pressure, LV dP/dt, myocardial segment length and excursion, and coronary and renal artery velocities could be monitored. The animals were stressed with separate infusions of alpha-adrenergic and beta adrenergic agonists. Both at rest and with stress, over a 12-wk period, preejection, ejection, and contractility indices decreased. Left ventricular compliance decreased as exemplified by the increased ratio of end-diastolic pressure to end-diastolic length. The shunt was ablated in 7 dogs, and monitoring in conjuction with alpha- and beta-adrenergic stress foan additional 12 wk demonstrated an initial improvement in the previous indices. However, the amelioration plateaued and values similar to the control state were not attained. This suggests that potentially permanent alterations in ventricular function and compliance have occurred. PMID- 40439 TI - Metabolism of totally ischemic excised dog heart. I. Construction of a computer model. AB - Construction and fit to the experimental data of a computer model of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and related metabolism in an ischemic dog heart preparation, involving 122 metabolites, 65 enzymes, and 406 chemical reactions, is described. The experimental preparation simulated is a dog heart excised from the body, placed in a beaker of Tyrode's solution, and sampled for 100 min; the model required only moderate modification from models representing perfused rat hearts, and little modification from a model of another ischemic dog heart preparation. Common underlying mechanisms for the ischemia are indicated, although this preparation appears to evolve more slowly with time, perhpas owing to heavy sedation and diffusion-limited transport. Lactate is, at first, exported and then accumulates intracellularly; pH falls, but not as much in the mitochondria as the cytoplasm; redox couples go reduced, but with counterintuitive time courses; calcium phosphate is calculated to precipitate, as often observed in cardiac ischemia. PMID- 40440 TI - Treatment of tardive dyskinesia with lecithin. AB - Six patients with moderate or severe tardive dyskinesia participated in a 14-day double-blind crossover comparison of placebo with 50 g/day of lecithin. There were no side effects, and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) ratings of videotaped examinations indicated significant improvement in the dyskinesias of all subjects during the lecithin trial, even with concomitant administration of a constant dose of neuroleptic medication to five patients. PMID- 40441 TI - A prospective study of the treatment of psychotic depression. PMID- 40442 TI - [Progress of technical medicine within the field of gerontoneurology (author's transl)]. AB - 1938 respectively 1978 are dates for progress of technical medicine concerning gerontoneurology. Following the discussion of the development in technical (apparatus), chemical and immunological diagnostic activities in neurology the applicability in elderly people should be described. On principle there are no methods of investigations which cannot be used in geriatric causes. Main point of interest is the correct indication. Non invasive methods can be used without somatic risk; one has to observe only the fact of psychological stress for the patient; indications of invasive methods (merely angiography of vessels within the brain) must be focused on special diagnosis of the illness. Suspicious facts of space occupying intracranial process almost everytime ask for angiography following EEG and cranial computertomography. In cases of arteriosclerosis in aged people with typical changes within the vessel system of the brain one should only use angiographical investigations if clinical findings (based on noninvasive methods) show indications for surgical treatment in extracranial regions of the brain vessels. It might be the same procedure if shunt-operation between carotis externa and interna circulation system can be expected as curative or prophylactic influence within the neurological condition. In these cases risk of selective angiography of the vessels within the brain (outgoing from arteria femoralis) are much less dangerous than in direct charges. First of all neurological status, general condition and age will be decive for medical indication. One should not use the full range of diagnostic features in gerontoneurology only to satisfy diagnostic appeasement. PMID- 40443 TI - [Echocardiography in the elderly (author's transl)]. AB - We report on questions and echocardiographic diagnoses in older patients and put out special views: value of ECG in coronary heart disease and in diagnosis of cardiomyopathy, for differentiation of systolic murmurs in the aged and detection of dilatation and atrial thrombosis. PMID- 40444 TI - [Model project: "Haus Lotharstrasse--residential and communication centre for seniors" (author's transl)]. AB - "Haus Lotharstrasse, Wohn- und Begegnungszentrum fur altere Burger" ("House Lotharstrasse, Residential and Communication Centre for Seniors") in Bonn had been established as a model institution of "open assistance for seniors". -The combination of 50 "protected appartments" (single and double appartments), a communication centre, accessible also for non-residents and service stations for "mobiles services" as Meals on Wheels, ambulant home-services (social service station), transport services for various purposes and consultation in individual social problems, proved to be extremely helpful in practice. Freedom and independence, combined with all necessary assistance and services when needed, promote new self-confidence and rehabilitation. PMID- 40445 TI - [Institutional and personnel obstacles to the realisation of co-determination by old-age home inhabitants (author's transl)]. AB - Following the intentions of the "Heimgesetz" partizipation of the residents does not only concern a better protection of their interests, but also a change in the traditional, hierachical structure of organization of the homes for the aged. A realization of this aim is not only faced by the position of power of the management. On the one hand the law itself restricts the nature and the range of the partizipation of the residents concerning decisionmaking in the institution. On the other hand the residents' committee got too little power to carry through the interests of the residents against the interests of the institution. So a considerable change in the traditional structure of the organisation is not very likely. PMID- 40446 TI - [Therapy groups with patients and nursing staff in a geriatric hospital (author's transl)]. AB - Within a very short time the non-demented, chronically hospitalized old person turns into a hospital-activity-oriented patient. He thereby gives up a considerablle part of his personality. In order to understand this process, special attention has to be paid to the intertwining of the dynamics of the chronic geriatric patient with the dynamics of the nursing staff. As a therapy experiment we have been conducting parallel talk-groups with patients and with their nursing staff for one year. As a result, the patients showed increased activity, increased dynamism, improved contact ability, increased interest in the outside world, and improved affect. The nursing staff also reported improvement of the group-patients' condition on the floor. With the nursing staff we found a reduction of the defensive mechanisms, a separation from old nursing-role definitions, acceptance and encouragement of the patients in their new role, and improved satisfaction with patient contact. On the other hand, the nursing staff expects more personal contact to come from the patients. The groups have shown to be useful and have to a large extent reached the therapy goals. PMID- 40447 TI - [Effect of therapeutic obstetrical anesthesia with Viadril and combined electroanalgesia on the carbohydrate metabolism in erythrocytes during labor fatigue]. PMID- 40448 TI - Fungi as a cause of allergic disease. PMID- 40449 TI - A Report on the Hearings on the Unmet Health Needs of Children and Youth. PMID- 40450 TI - [Determination of pH median values]. PMID- 40451 TI - Immobilized glucose oxidase and D-amino acid oxidase: a convenient method for the purification of flavin adenine dinucleotide and its analogs. PMID- 40452 TI - Properties of tyrosine aminotransferase from rat liver. PMID- 40453 TI - Enzymic procedures for determining the average state of adenylylation of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase. PMID- 40454 TI - Immunoelectrophoretic determination of nitrate reductase in Neurospora crassa. PMID- 40455 TI - Purification of microtubule protein from beef brain and comparison of the assembly requirements for neuronal microtubules isolated from beef and hog. PMID- 40456 TI - The influence of pH on arsenazo III. PMID- 40457 TI - Two-column system for determination of glucosamine, galactosamine, and amino acids on a Beckman 121MB amino acid analyzer: separation of the anomers of glucosamine and galactosamine. PMID- 40458 TI - 3rd Annual conference of the Canadian Association of Veterinary Anatomists Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Sept. 10--17th, 1978. PMID- 40459 TI - Proceedings of the American Association of Anatomists. Ninety-second Meeting. University of Miami. School of Medicine. April 2, 3, 4, 5 1979. PMID- 40460 TI - Crystalloids of actin-like filaments in the Sertoli cell of the swine testis. AB - Normal swine testes, congenital cryptorchid swine testes, and normal human tests were exposed to HMM (heavy meromyosin) after either glycerination or saponin treatment in order to determine whether the fine filaments composing the crystalloids in the Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid swine testes bind HMM to form arrowhead complexes. Short bundles of microfilaments observed in the basal part of the Sertoli cells in both normal and cryptorchid testes also bind HMM. Similar bundles of HMM-bound filaments are observed in the vicinity of spermatocytes. The periodicity of the arrowhead complexes is about 35 nm, and all arrowheads on a given filament point in the same direction. In addition, the polarity of the HMM-bound filaments in a given crystalloid or bundle is uni directional. A mechanism for the formation of the swine crystalloids has been strongly support this hypothesis. Fine filaments of Charcot-Boettcher's crystalloid in human Sertoli cells did not bind HMM. Therefore the fine filaments of the human crystalloid are not actin-like in nature. PMID- 40461 TI - Sexual development and activity of men with disturbances of somatic development. AB - By means of Questionnaires HTDM and SAM the heterosexual development and sexual activity were investigated in the following groups of males: 1. the control group consists of 345 married men from sterile marriages, who were adequately developed somatosexually, had normozoospermia in the ejaculate and a good potency; 2. in 48 unilateral and 57 bilateral adult cryptorchids; 3. in 101 married men with a distinct testicular hypoplasia, the long axis of both sexual glands being shorter than 30 mm; 4. in 110 patients with a Klinefelter's syndrome; 5. in 14 patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Whereas the retardation of heterosexual development was found only in two groups (group 4 and 5), a distinctly lowered activity in sex life was ascertained in all four pathological samples. PMID- 40463 TI - Averaging pH vs. H+ values. PMID- 40462 TI - Anesthetic risk in the pregnant surgical patient. PMID- 40464 TI - Further studies on bovine serum amylase--the effect of gel buffer pH. AB - This paper describes the effect of gel buffer pH on the resolution of bovine serum amylase (Amylase I) isozymes in starch gel and the consequences for the understanding of the genetics of this locus. The two main findings are: (1) the existence of a satellite isozyme E to isozyme C which at pH 7.3 has the same mobility as the B isozyme but which at pH 8.0 migrates slower than B, and (2) the finding of three alleles Aml A, Aml B and Aml C in British cattle populations previously reported as having only Aml B and Aml C. PMID- 40465 TI - Report on the Pig and Sheep Blood Group and Polymorphic Protein Workshops (Libechov, 9 to 11 August 1978). PMID- 40466 TI - [Histological and ultrastructural study of intestinal ganglioneuromatosis. The multiple endocrine neoplasms type IIb syndrome]. AB - The syndrome known as the Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type III or type IIb presents a particular histological intestinal lesion: hyperplasia of the myenteric plexus. The electron microscopic study of the plexus of Auerbach in our observation suggests a disequilibrium of the different types of individual axonal sheaths compared to the descriptions of a normal plexus. The possible role of this anomaly in the genesis of intestinal manifestations in this syndrome is here discussed. PMID- 40467 TI - [Lymphomucocutaneous syndrome or infantile polyarteritis nodosa?]. PMID- 40468 TI - [Association of French Anesthesiologists. Seminar, Melun, July 1977. The Cerebral Function Monitor (CFM). Proceedings]. PMID- 40469 TI - [The Cerebral Function Monitor. Description, functioning and interpretation principles]. AB - The Monitor of Cerebral Function enables continuous monitoring of the cerebral electrical activity and this over long periods due to the slow recording speeds. The cerebral electrical signals picked up by the electrodes attached to the scalp are registered in the form of a curve which fluctuates to a greater or lesser extent depending on the recording speed. The examination of the height of the curve with respect to zero and its amplitude indicates the voltage of the cerebral activity and yields information regarding polymorphism. It is thus possible to monitor variations in cerebral activity over a prolonged period during anaesthesia as well as during the revival phase with the Monitor of Cerebral Function, the electroencephalogram being reserved as an aid to precise diagnosis and for localization and close scruting of the anomalies. PMID- 40470 TI - EEG processing by the Cerebral Function Monitor (CFM). AB - The Cerebral Function Monitor (CFM) is a machine designed to monitor EEG over long periods of time from hours to several days. It produces on a slow speed chart recorder a write-out of a processed EEG signal in parallel with a continuous measurement of electrode impedance. A description is given of the way in which the CFM processes both EEG and electrode impedance information. Some CFM applications are mentioned. PMID- 40471 TI - [Cerebral Function Monitor (CFM) and electroencephalography (EEG). Experimental study]. AB - This work is an attempt to connect the electro-encephalogram (EEG) and monitor of cerebral function (MCF) recordings during the experimental stimulation of the rabbit brain whether this is in the from of direct central stimulation, by stereotaxic location, or in the form of indirect stimulation via a peripheral nerve. These stimulations, performed under alfadione anaesthesia or under the neuroleptanalgesic sedative effect of chlorprothixine, are compared for every animal with the results of the control stimulations. The cardiovascular responses are recorded simultaneously. It has been found that, in simple narcosis induced by alfadione, there is much variation in the EEG recording and even more so in the MCF recording according to the quantity used and the block of responses to stimuli does not appear until there is deep anaesthesia. However, when chlorprothixine is used, the MCF trace is found to be very closely related to the trace of mild anaesthesia with accompanying block to all of the nociceptive stimulations. It would seem, therefore, if we accept the concept of levels of cerebral activity, that the use of the MCF could well open the way to a better understanding of the pure narcotic phenomena and of the neurovegetative response block to aggression. PMID- 40472 TI - [Use of the Cerebral Function Monitor in general anesthesia]. AB - The Monitor of Cerebral Function was used in clinical anaesthesia for a wide range of procedures: both with and without inhalation anaesthesia, (halothane and enflurane); -intravenous anaesthesia, barbiturate or neuroleptanalgesia; regional intravenous anaesthesia. The examination of the traces shows the importance of this type of monitoring of the action of drugs with their associated characteristics. The role of warning of possible overdoses or of the fore-runner signs of respiratory distress make the M.C.F. of clinical interest. PMID- 40473 TI - [Cerebral Function Monitor and anesthesia]. AB - The Monitor of Cerebral Function was employed in anaesthesia for a double purpose: as a monitor of anaesthesia, of possible complications and of overdosage that might lead to cerebral damage; a bringing up to date of the comparative data on the various anaesthetic protocols. In this manner, we were able to demonstrate the during anaesthesia application of a cerebral monitor that is well designed and easy to handle. A comparative study of hypnotic anaesthetics and those that induce neuroleptanalgesia demonstrated that, in certain cases, the same anaesthetic stability is achieved when there is an early appearance of the electric silences as when the cerebral electrical activity is only slightly modified. PMID- 40474 TI - [Cerebral Function Monitor and hypnotic anesthetics]. PMID- 40475 TI - [Cerebral Function Monitor and responses to stimuli]. AB - Sudden changes in cerebral activity occurring in response to controlled stimuli or resulting from surgery were recorded with the Monitor of Cerebral Function in an appreciable number of cases. The fluctuations in activity that were observed lasted for various lengths of time and consisted mainly of an elevation of the trace associated with cortical excitation. These fluctuations occurred in various different clinical situations such as under general anaesthesia or under er the effect of barbiturate poisoning. Once we eliminate the possibility that the fluctuations are simply recording artiefacts, then it would seem that their order of magnitude reflects the intensity of the somato-sensory cortical responses that are evoked by a nociceptive stimulus. If this is confirmed, then the M.C.F. would be capable of furnishing a great deal of new knowledge regarding the state of "reactivity" of the cerebral cortex, which is quite distinct from the monitoring of the depressive cortical state. PMID- 40476 TI - [The Cerebral Function Monitor in a study of wakening after short-duration anesthesia]. PMID- 40477 TI - [Use of the Cerebral Function Monitor in cardiac surgery]. AB - Having employed routinely the monitor of cerebral function in cardiac surgery operations for about a year, the authors now present an analysis of the variations in the traces of a group of 57 patients. They have found, when there is no major haemodynamic consequence associated with the induction of anaesthesia, and when there are no difficulties of a surgical or a technical nature accompanying the artificial extra-corporeal circulation, that the monitor curve stays perfectly stable. On the other hand, all sudden haemodynamic changes result in hypotension (haemorrhage, dysrhythmia, and a fall in flow in the extracorporeal circulation) that is reflected in the level of the monitor curve which also falls. They conclude, using examples of certain variations, that the monitor curve is a supplementary form of surveillance and that the trace recorded simultaneously with the anaesthetic sheet allows retrospective analysis of the haemodynamic events to be performed for each operation. PMID- 40478 TI - [Our experience using the Cerebral Function Monitor in anesthesia for heart surgery under extracorporeal circulation]. AB - In our experience, although still fairly limited, of the monitor of cerebral function in cardiac surgery anaesthesia, we have found that this apparatus allows for a more precise supervision of cerebral activity during an operation with artificial extra-corporeal circulation. Due to a far simpler handling than for the classical electroencephalogram it should enable us to detect earlier states of cerebral damage during the course of the anaesthesia or the use of the artificial circulation. We also believe that it may have a valuable part to play in certain particular situations, as for example when dealing with an aortic dissecting aneurysm, or when there is an urgent need to perfuse the carotids. PMID- 40479 TI - [Clinical test of the Cerebral Function Monitor in intensive care]. AB - Due to its simplicity, and because of the lack of an instrument designed for the routine monitoring of cerebral function in intensive care, the M.C.F. was used on patients presenting with disorders of consciousness resulting from various causes, including: exogenous poisoning; cranial trauma; cerebral anoxia. 15 examples are thus presented to illustrate the different clinical states. This apparatus revealed itself to be of particular use in the instantaneous evaluation of a patient's overall cerebral activity, as well as in the assessment of the patient's clinical prognosis. The slow speed of the trace enabled us to make continual recordings lasting several weeks. It was thus possible to compare immediately the levels of the disease. Furthermore, all variations--even of a transitory nature--of the level and fluctuations of this activity could be detected at all times. The M.C.F., therefore, would seem to be a very useful aid- perhaps indispensable--as a monitor of the comatose patient in an Intensive Care Unit. PMID- 40480 TI - [The Cerebral Function Monitor in intensive care]. AB - The Monitor of Cerebral Function, the first apparatus designed for continual cerebral monitoring for prolonged periods, is used frequently as an aid during revival. Due to its ease of operation and its straight-forward displaying of the data, it can supply continual information on the state of cerebral activity. Wem used it in various situations where there was a risk of cerebral circulatory insufficiency. Besides this role in the prevention of emergency, we used the M.C.F. as a diagnostic tool in the assessment of brain death. An early confirmation of the presence of stage IV allows of a more efficient removal and grafting of the kidneys. Finally, we also use the M.C.F. in the study of abnormalities of behaviour in patients whose revival to consciousness is slow. PMID- 40481 TI - Removal of EKG from fetal CFM recordings. AB - The monitoring of fetal EEG during labour can assist in identifying the effects on the fetus of anaesthetic and other drugs administered to the mother. Additionally it assists in detecting inadequate cerebral perfusion. One unsuccessful and one successful method are described of removing fetal EKG from the fetal EEG signal, so enabling the Cerebral Function Monitor to be used to monitor the fetal EEG. Examples of results are given. PMID- 40482 TI - [Use of the Cerebral Function Monitor in the study of physiological sleep]. AB - After a brief description of the different phases of physiological sleep, the reasons for employing a new appatus, the Monitor of Cerebral Function, are discussed. This instrument, the first designed for continual monitoring of cerebral activity may be employed in neurophysiology. The results obtained are presented, i.e. the demonstration of a perfect correlation between the Monitor of Cerebral Function recording and the polygraphic methods. The paradoxal and rapid phases of sleep are easily distinguished. The study of paradoxal sleep, both in physiology and in pharmacology, could profit greatly from the use of the MCF due to the great advantage of its ease of operation. PMID- 40483 TI - Development of the CFM: the Cerebral Function Analysing Monitor (CFAM). AB - Use of the Cerebral Function Monitor (CFM) to monitor anaesthetic procedures has led to improvements of design. A standard CFM can be modified to enable it to be controlled by a microprocessor. An altered chart output format is produced which incorporates both frequency information and a better indication of trends. Alpha numerical information can be given on a visual display unit. The extended instrument, of which preliminary details are given, is called the Cerebral Function Analysing Monitor (CFAM). PMID- 40484 TI - [Critical analysis and future development of the Cerebral Function Monitor]. AB - At London Hospital, a number of technical failings of the apparatus and certain difficulties in the reading of the trace came to light following prolonged and frequent use of the Monitor of Cerebral Function in varied clinical situations. We consider it appropriate to propose certain possible improvements of the existing M.C.F. in view of the advantage of its easy use. These ideas on the further development of the M.C.F. have centered on making better use of the output signal, and also on the addition of an instrument which would yield qualitative information on cerebral activity (frequency spectrum). These improvements, then, including the incorporation of a microprocessor that would render the apparatus more informative, and a better presentation of the data (e.g. alpha numbering on paper and on T.V. monitor), should help create a machine that is at once more sensitive and more practical without interfering with the advantages of ease of operation and of interpretation. PMID- 40485 TI - [The neuroendocrine response to Alfatesine or Ethrane anesthesia in humans]. AB - The description of neuro-endocrine effects due to surgical stress and certain anaesthetic products led the authors to look for the action of alfadione and enflurane on the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroidian-adrenal axis. Taking 20 subjects who were divided into three groups of 10, the authors measured the plasma levels of T3, T4, TSH, cortisol and ACTH during anaesthesia with alfadione (without surgery). This was group I. Group II were patients during surgery under alfadione. Group III was during surgery under enflurane. The results show the absence of significant changes in the plasma levels of the hormones measured. The authors conclude that alfadione changes the levels of T3, T4, TSH and cortisol even less than does enflurane, whether the anaesthesia is isolated or in a patient undergoing surgery. PMID- 40486 TI - [Comparative study of the neuromuscular effects of 3 curare-like agents in children]. AB - The authors studied the effect of three curare-like agents in 92 children anesthetised with halothane (1 to 2 p. 100). The method used was to give increasing doses of d-tubocurarine, metocurine and pancuronium bromide by injection until a block of approximately 95 p. 100 of the contraction of the thumb was obtained. This was checked by electrostimulation. Each of the three groups of children who were treated with one of the three curare-like agents were subdivided according to age and dose-response curves were obtained. The time required to recover 10 and 25 p. 100 of a control contraction was also studied. The authors conclude that from the point-of-view of activity, metocurine and pancuronium are respectively twice and five times more powerful than d tubocurarine. The recovery time for pancuronium is twice as short as that for metocurine and d-tubocurarine. Furthermore, even though they are more resistant than adults, children recover more quickly than them. There is no difference in sensitivity in children that could be related to age, and this was so in the three curare-like agents studied. However, individual differences were more marked in neo-natal infants of less than 10 days than in other groups. PMID- 40487 TI - [Role of the anesthetic consultation in an organization model of the anesthesia resuscitation department]. AB - The anaesthetic consultation is essential to give patients a sense of security. It should be organised taking into account the needs and resources of the department. In the light of the experience of the authors in an anti-cancer center, three main principles can be enumerated for this to be properly organised: the detachment of doctors from the surgical departments, a rotation in the department and a timetable for the consultations. The part played by the departments requesting help and the different secretarial offices is important. In this way one can anticipate and eliminate the improvisation which always occurs, to the detriment of the patient. Collaboration between the different departments involved is naturally indispensable. These general principles have beeen stated for at least a dozen or so years by a certain number of anaesthetists. It was quite easy to stranspose these principles and to adapt them to the organisation of the anti-cancer struggle. Such applications should be generalised. PMID- 40488 TI - [Trials of propanidid in anesthesia for bronchial endoscopy in infants and children]. AB - This study reports a series of 48 bronchial endoscopies performed in children aged between 3 months and 16 years using Propanidide as sole anaesthetic agent. Individual variations were large. Repeated examinations showed that this type of anaesthetic had only moderate effects upon haemodynamic parameters. Disturbances in pH and PCO2 in arterial blood measured five, fifteen, twenty five and thirty five minutes after induction were less than with anaesthesia by inhalation of halothane. The quality of recovery of such that examinations could be performed on an ambulatory basis. Intravenous administration has the advantage of separating the anaesthetic from the endobronchial examination. PMID- 40489 TI - [Postoperative analgesia by constant flow injection of lignocaine in obstetrical and gynecologic surgery]. AB - 154 surgical patients were given post-operative analgesia by peridural injection at a constant flow in the post-operative period after obstetric or gynecological surgery. These patients received 536.2 +/- 105.3 mu mol.h-1 (145.2 +/- 28.5 mg.h 1) of lignocaine for 46.97 +/- 15.56 h through a catheter omserted between L1-L2. The drug was given in concentrations which varied between: 27.7 to 18.5 m mol.l-1 (0.75 to 0.50 p. 100) depending on the age; and the volume varied between 17.5 to 30 ml.h-1 depending on the height. Satisfactory analgesia in 87 p. 100 of cases allowed all supplementary analgesia to be stopped. The only significant hemodynamic effect was a slight tachycardia (+ 15 p. 100). Two undesirable side effects were noted: a transitory but well-defined (type 2 or 3) motor paralysis, and an accumulation of plasma lignocaine (40 mu mol.l-1 (1.1 microgram.ml-1) at 48 h). PMID- 40490 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of a single injection of fentanyl in dogs under acute experimental conditions]. AB - Experimental studies carried out in unselected dogs often face the problem of instabilit of various parameters both in terms of haemodynamics as well as acid base balance. It is possible, with the injection of a single dose of Fentanyl of 0.35 mg.kg-1 given over a period of ten minutes to obtain, from the 30th minute after the injection, satisfactory cardiovascular stability (confirmed during 120 minutes in 9 dogs and 360 minutes in 2 of them). This haemodynamic state at T + 30 is obtained with a fall in mean blood pressure of -40 per cent, and an increase in peripheral resistance of +38 per cent and stroke volume of +11 per cent. This stability, obtained at the price of a stable normacapnia, correction of any possible metabolic acidosis and maintenance of body temperature, makes it possible to study the cardiovascular effects of certain types of treatment or of induced pathology. PMID- 40491 TI - [Visits by children to the intensive care unit. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 40492 TI - [Prevention and treatment of urinary infection in patients with an indwelling catheter: continuous vesical irrigation with a mixed antibiotic solution of neomycin and polymyxin B]. AB - A method of continuous lavage of the bladder using a solution containing a mixture of Neomycine and Polymyxine-B was tried out in 32 patients with indwelling urinary catheters. To do this, a three-channel catheter was used, lubricated with an antibacterial cream and connected to a plastic container which could be emptied without removing the catheter. This method of treatment, which was effective, well tolerated and simple to use, would appear to be a useful addition to the prevention and treatment of urinary infections in patients with in-dwelling catheters. PMID- 40493 TI - [Comparative study of postoperative nitrogen balance as a function of carbohydrate intake]. AB - Postoperative nitrogen intake, which limits nitrogen catabolism and improves conditions of healing, classically implies a high calorie intake. The risks and dangers of hypertonic or hypersmotic solutions are such that the provision of nitrogen postoperatively in ordinary surgery is often avoided. The authors studied postoperative nitrogen balance for a given nitrogen intake with different calorie levels in a series of 50 patients undergoing digestive surgery. A first group (28 patients--mean age 54.6 years, mean weight 63.3 kg) received 12.4 g of nitrogen and 1000 calories per day. The second group (22 patients--mean age 52.5 years, mean weight 64.7 kg) received 12.4 g of nitrogen and 2200 calories. Daily nitrogen balance was calculated using the method of approximation described by Apfelbaum on the basis of urinary urea excretion. Statistical study of nitrogen balances for the first four days showed no statistically significant difference between the mean values in the two groups. For group A, the cumulative balance for the first four days was 7.60 g +/- 4.75 g, and for group B 7.85 G +/- 6.64 g. Limitation of postoperative nitrogen catabolism does not necessarily impose the need for high calorie intake, implying the use of a central venous catheter and administration at constant flow. The patient undergoing ordinary digestive surgery may benefit from postoperative nitrogen supplies, associated with a moderate calorie intake and administered via usual venous routes. PMID- 40494 TI - [Determiantion of ketamine by colorimetry]. PMID- 40495 TI - [Antipsychotic neuroplegics and neuroleptics. VII. Butyrophenones (Part 2)]. PMID- 40496 TI - [Disorders of intracardiac conduction in anesthesia-resuscitation]. PMID- 40497 TI - [Familial cryptorchism (author's transl)]. AB - Cryptorchism is a frequent finding in children, but the presence of several cases in the same family has been rarely published. In this paper a series of twelve families with several cases in each one is reported. The histologic study of testicular biopsy in all cases has not been meaningful because of the various lesions observed. After reviewing medical literature the possibility of an ignored hereditary factor is considered. PMID- 40498 TI - Prolactinomas and the multiple endocrine adenomatosis type-1 complex. PMID- 40499 TI - Proceedings of the W.H.O. Expert Consultation on Some Veterinary Public Health Problems associated with intensive large scale animal production, animals in urban areas and chemical residues in food of animal origin. Rome, 8--12 December 1977. PMID- 40500 TI - Effect of socio-environmental isolation on brain biochemistry, behaviour and psychoactive drug activity. AB - Isolation has been widely described to induce a strong aggressive behaviour in many animal species and especially in rodents. A deeper analysis of this altered behaviour induced by isolation, allows for the identification of several other changes involving numerous peripheral, behavioural and neurochemical functions. As a consequence of the manifold aspects involved in this experimental situation, the definition "isolation syndrome" seems to be much more adequate than the simplest definition of "aggressiveness by isolation". On this framework, some similarities with psychoneurosis in men are also suggested. PMID- 40501 TI - Biochemical and behavioural studies on the interference between catecholaminergic and serotonergic central systems. AB - L-DOPA, apomorphine and amphetamine increase emotional reactivity and aggressiveness, and/or evoke spontaneous attack behaviour in male rats. At the same time these compounds accelerate the turnover of endogenous serotonin (5-HT), increasing the brain concentration of 5-HIAA. L-DOPA, amphetamine and apomorphine antagonize the depressive effects of 6-tryptophan on behaviour. After the injection of L-tryptophan these dopaminomimetics facilitate the turnover of 5-HT in the brain. On the other hand, the tranquillizing effect of L-tryptophan correlates not only to the increased level of 5-HT but also to an accelerated catabolism of dopamine. After the simultaneous injection of L-DOPA and L tryptophan, cross-influence on the turnover of 5-HT and dopamine is noted, while in behaviour the effects of L-DOPA prevail over those of L-tryptophan. PCPA blocks the behavioural effects of dopaminomimetics. PMID- 40502 TI - Effects of some adrenergic blockers on the abstinence syndrome of addicts to drugs and alcohol. AB - Pyrroxand and butyroxan -- original drugs possessing hyghly selective alpha adreno-blocking action at peripheral and central level-relieve symptoms of abstinence syndrome caused by narcotics and other addicting drugs. On the basis of these data it is suggested that adrenergic structures of the brain play a key role in eliciting the abstinence syndrome. PMID- 40503 TI - Brain tyrosine hydroxylase: kinetic properties and regulation of the activity. AB - Electrical stimulation of rat hypothalamic synaptosome suspensions produced activation of tyrosine hydroxylase due to increase of the affinity for tyrosine and 6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterine cofactor, decrease of the affinity for dopamine and enhancement of substrate inhibition. Cocaine (10(-7) - 10(-5) M) in vitro caused enzyme activation; when administered to animals systemically (0.5 mg/kg) the drug produced inhibition of hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase probably through a receptor-mediated feedback mechanism. PMID- 40504 TI - The effect of neuroleptics on brain tyrosine hydroxylase. AB - The effect of a number of neuroleptics and tricyclic antidepressants on the activity of rat hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase was studied utilizing a direct spectrophotometric method. All the neuroleptics (but not the antidepressants) were able to reverse the substrate inhibition of the enzyme occurring when the tyrosine concentration in the medium was increased. Haloperidol, haloanisone and fluphenazine were found to activate the enzyme at optimal tyrosine concentrations in contrast to other neuroleptics which reduced the enzyme activity. The systemic administration of fluphenazine and clozapine was followed by an increase in the activity of striatal and hypothalamic tyrosine hydroxylase. The same drugs failed to produce this effect when administered chronically for 8 days. PMID- 40505 TI - [A fulminating case of Takayasu's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Takayasu's disease rarely presents as acute episodes of vascular thrombosis, and the authors describe such a case in order to emphasize this fact. A description is given of the various types of clinical picture seen in this disease, for which a final diagnosis can only be made by combining angiographic and histology findings. PMID- 40506 TI - [Acute toxoplasmosis with necrotizing vasculitis (author's transl)]. AB - Acute toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a Japanese woman aged 31 years after the discovery of a raised lysis titre and agglutinins resistant to 2-ME, as well as early increases in specific IgM followed later by increases in specific IgG. A high fever was present and signs of mainly distal polymyositis. The muscle lesion was confirmed by EMG examination. No increase in muscle enzyme levels was noted at any stage of the disease. Muscle biopsy demonstrated inflammatory lesions in interstitial tissue and perimysium, and, more particularly, segmental necrotizing arteritis in several arterioles. All the arteriolar lesions were at the same stage of development. After prednisolone (60 mg/day) had failed to produce improvement, spiramycin was given and caused apyrexia in 48 hours and definite disappearance of all muscle signs within several days. Recovery was complete and there was no return of symptoms 18 months later. The authors discuss the association of acute toxoplasmosis, polymyositis, and necrotizing vasculitis, and suggest a possible pathogenic role for the immune complexes deposited on the arterial walls. PMID- 40507 TI - [Medico-psychological society. Session of 17 May 1979. Proceedings]. PMID- 40508 TI - [Antipsychotic plasma levels and effectiveness (proceedings)]. PMID- 40509 TI - [Pipothiazine (Piportil)]. PMID- 40510 TI - [Effects of a single injection of barnetil in emergency psychiatry. Apropos of 100 cases]. PMID- 40511 TI - [The "the therapeutic window" of neuroleptic levels in the erythrocytes of schizophrenics (proceedings)]. PMID- 40512 TI - [The decision to give central nervous system stimulants to a child (proceedings)]. PMID- 40513 TI - [Treatment of severe psychotic outbreaks by short-interval injection of pipothiazine undecylenate]. PMID- 40514 TI - [Withdrawal of delayed-action neuroleptics in psychotic patients]. PMID- 40515 TI - [Neuroleptics in geronto-psychiatry : their use, and precautions for use]. PMID- 40516 TI - [Evaluation of the tolerability of beta-blocking agents. Study on 37 acute poisonings with 1 original case]. PMID- 40517 TI - Cellular transglutaminase, growth, and transformation. PMID- 40518 TI - Cross-linking of plasma and cellular fibronectin by plasma transglutaminase. PMID- 40519 TI - Cold-insoluble globulin: transamidation-sensitive site and affinity behavior. PMID- 40520 TI - [Psychopharmacological profile of varied substituted 2-aryl ethyl allophanates (author's transl)]. PMID- 40521 TI - The scrotal pouch operation for undescended testis. AB - Patients who had undergone a total of 167 orchidopexies by the scrotal pouch technique were followed up for 1-3 years. The technique is described in detail. At follow-up 6 testes were found to have retracted out of the scrotum and these were successfully dealt with at a second operation. One testis was hypoplastic in the scrotal pouch and another infarcted in the groin after the first stage of a planned two-stage procedure. The remaining 159 tests were entirely satisfactory, giving an overall success rate of 95.2%. This technique compares favourably with other methods of orchidopexy, both in achieving a satisfactory anatomical position and in avoiding damage to the testis. PMID- 40522 TI - [3d Congress of the European Society of Cardiovascular Radiology]. PMID- 40523 TI - A structured interview for the selection of physician's assistant students. PMID- 40524 TI - Teaching effectiveness: a comparison of student ratings and graduate effectiveness. PMID- 40525 TI - Environmental determination of autonomic neurotransmitter functions. PMID- 40526 TI - Auditory mechanisms of the lower brainstem. PMID- 40527 TI - Biology of cultured nerve and muscle. AB - Cells from the nervous system can be grown in culture and exhibit many of the biophysical, biochemical, and morphological properties found in vivo. They can be induced to differentiate in culture and perform some of the interactions that occur in the nervous system, including synaptogenesis. A number of important questions relating to nervous system development and function have been approached in culture in ways that cannot be done in vivo. The use of clonal cell lines should lead to rapid progress in the analysis of the nervous system at the chemical level. PMID- 40528 TI - The mechanism of the irreversible antimicrobial effects of penicillins: how the beta-lactam antibiotics kill and lyse bacteria. PMID- 40529 TI - Concentration of viruses from water by membrane chromatography. PMID- 40530 TI - Beta-1-3-glucanase and dimorphism in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. AB - Mycelial and yeast forms of P. brasiliensis were tested for several glucohydrolases. In addition to high levels of beta-glucanases, low amounts of alpha-glucanase, chitinase and maltase were found. Tests for invertase, amylase and lactase were negative. The levels of beta-1,3-glucanase were higher in the mycelial form. The shift to the mycelial phase correlated with an increase in the levels of beta-1,3-glucanase. The enzyme was present in the cytoplasm, cell wall and culture medium. The extracellular enzyme was purified 42 fold by ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration. Maximal activity was obtained at 60 degrees C and pH of 5.0 (acetate buffer or pH 6.0 (phosphate buffer). Its Km was 0.205 mg/ml. The cell wall-bound enzyme showed a higher temperature optimum. Optimum pH and Km were also slightly different. Following treatment of the cell walls with chitinase, beta-1,3-glucanase was released into the medium. PMID- 40531 TI - The interaction between microorganisms and their growth environment [proceedings]. PMID- 40532 TI - Role of immune complexes in rheumatoid polyarteritis. AB - Serial clinical and serological observations were made on a patient with necrotising polyarteritis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Significant levels of circulating immune complexes, as determined by a C1q binding assay, were observed up to 2 years before the clinical manifestations of polyarteritis but rose abrumptly immediately before and concurrently with the onset of polyarteritis. Concomitant serial determinations of C3, latex fixation titres for anti-immunoglobulin, and patterns of fluorescence of antinuclear antibody afforded insight into the nature of these somplexes, as did clinical and serological response to glucocorticoid and cytotoxic therapy. Our data suggest that the antibody involved in the complex was of the IgG class and capable of complement fixation. PMID- 40533 TI - The urinary excretion of chloroquine in different ethnic groups. PMID- 40534 TI - [Assessment of five laboratory tests for differential diagnosis in bacterial and viral meningoencephalitides]. AB - The usefulness of five different laboratory tests for differential diagnosis in bacterial and viral meningoencephalitides was assessed. The clinical manifestations and cytochemical alterations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were used as criteria for diagnostic selection. The causal agent was identified by means of CSF cultures in 47.8 per cent of bacterial meningoencephalitis cases; Gram stain was postive in CSF smear in 34.8 per cent and protein electrophoresis in CSF did not show significant differences when compared to cases of bacterial or viral etiology and the control group. PH and CSF lactate determinations allowed diagnosis of all cases of bacterial meningoencephalitis and was not modified in those cases where this disease was of a viral origin. We suggest to add these determinations to the initial cytochemical study of CSF in all cases where meningoencephalitis is suspected. PMID- 40535 TI - [Left ventricular function in hypertension. Echographic evaluation before and after beta blockade (atenolol)]. PMID- 40536 TI - [Insufficiency of penis development (micropenis). Etiological data in a series of 25 cases]. AB - The diagnosis of micropenis was made in 25 boys aged 1 month to 16 years. This abnormality was associated with hypothalamic-pituitary deficiency in 12 boys (hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism, hypopituitary growth failure, Prader-Willi syndrome), with testicular disorders in 5 boys (anorchia, testicular dysgenesis). In the other 8 the micropenis was an isolated finding but the testicular response to HCG and the LH response to LHRH was significantly reduced (p less than 0.005). The results suggest there may be isolated gonadotrophia deficiency. The variety of conditions that are responsible for micropenis suggest that testosterone deficiency is an important causative factor. HGH may also be important as the penis may be small in HGH deficiency and growth occurs with treatment. PMID- 40537 TI - Temporal variability of somatosensory, visual, and auditory evoked potentials in schizophrenia. AB - Previous findings in chronic schizophrenics showed greater than normal somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) waveshape stability before 100-ms after stimulus and reduced stability after 100 ms. To confirm and extend these findings, EPs to left and right median nerve stimuli, visual pattern flashes (VEPs), and auditory clicks (AEPs) were recorded from 14 locations in 86 patients and 33 controls. Three sets of analyses compared different patient groups with age- and sex-matched controls. The results confirmed previous SEP findings in chronic schizophrenics; no other subject group displayed the combination of high early and low late SEP stability. The SEP results did not generalize to VEPs and AEPs. Lead location was important for group differences. In overt schizophrenics, late epoch stability was low in all EPs. The results suggest certain limitations to the hypothesis of an impaired subcortical filtering mechanism in chronic schizophrenics. PMID- 40538 TI - [Synthesis and bioactivities of 2-oxo-naphtho (1,2-d)thiazolo(3,2-a)pyrimidine derivatives]. PMID- 40539 TI - Extraction and partial purification of mouse uterine alkaline phosphatase. AB - Alkaline phosphatase in uterine homogenates from day 7 pregnant mice was solubilized using 0.2% (v/v) Triton X-100 and extracted wtih 20% (v/v) n-butanol. The procedure, which resulted in 182-fold purification, included ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose anion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G200 gel filtration. Solubilization with Triton X-100 was an important step in the procedure since extraction with n-butanol alone only partially solubilized the enzyme and gave low extraction yields, much of the enzyme activity remaining in association with negatively charged residues. However, butanol extraction of Triton X-100-treated homogenates gave high yields of enzyme and eliminated p nitrophenyl phosphatases which displayed activity in the pH range 3.0--7.5, together with a large proportion of inactive protein. The activity of the purified enzyme preparations was electrophoretically homogeneous on cellulose acetate membranes, suggesting that the alkaline phosphatase in the mouse uterus exists in a single isozymic form. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed that the purified preparations contained at least one protein as an impurity. Attempts to further purify the alkaline phosphatase by isoelectric focusing were unsuccessful since the enzyme was found to have an isoelectric point of about 5.0 and at this pH it was rapidly inactivated. PMID- 40540 TI - The Henry Windsor lecture: Part II: The contributions of microvascular surgery to medicine. PMID- 40541 TI - 10th European Conference on Microcirculation, Cagliari, October 25-29, l978. Current advances in basic and clinical microcirculatory reasearch. PMID- 40542 TI - Aimed pharmacological treatment of Raynaud's disease. PMID- 40543 TI - Improvement of brain tissue oxygenation during cerebrovascular insufficiency by interfering with the catecholaminergic system. PMID- 40544 TI - Blood microcirculation and ocular hydrodynamic. PMID- 40545 TI - Isolation, characterization and the role of rabbit testicular arysulphatase A in fertilization. AB - Arysulphatase A was purified from rabbit testis. The purification was accomplished by a four-step procedure involving (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, SP(sulphopropyl)-Sephadex and affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose. The specific activity of purified preparation was 135 mumol/min per mg of protein, which represented an increase of 900-fold above that of the crude homogenate. The purified enzyme (20-50 micrograms) was found to move electrophoretically as a single band on polyacrylamide gel at pH 7.2 and 8.4. The homogeneous enzyme was shown to be a glycoprotein with 0.8% (w/w) of N-acetylneuraminic acid and 20% neutral sugar. The treatment of purified enzyme with bacterial neuraminidase had no effect on enzyme activity or kinetic properties, but it changed the elution prolife of rabbit testis arylsulphatase A through DEAE-Sephadex. The purified enzyme was strongly inhibited by Cu2+, Fe3+ and Ag+. It hydrolysed several sulphate esters including cerebroside 3-sulphate, ascorbic acid 2-sulphate and steroid sulphates. Pure arysulphatase was effective in dispersing the cumulus cells of rabbit ova. PMID- 40546 TI - The mechanism of transmembrane delta muH+ generation in mitochondria by cytochrome c oxidase. AB - In rat liver mitochondria treated with rotenone, N-ethylmaleimide or oligomycin the expected alkalinization caused by proton consumption for aerobic oxidation of ferrocyanide was delayed with respect to ferrocyanide oxidation, unless carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone was present. 2. When valinomycin or valinomycin plus antimycin were also present, ferricyanide, produced by oxidation of ferrocyanide, was re-reduced by hydrogenated endogenous reductants. Under these circumstances the expected net proton consumption caused by ferrocyanide oxidation was preceded by transient acidification. It is shown that re-reduction of formed ferricyanide and proton release derive from rotenone- and antimycin resistant oxidation of endogenous reductants through the proton-translocating segments of the respiratory chain on the substrate side of cytochrome c. The number of protons released per electron flowing to ferricyanide varied, depending on the experimental conditions, from 3.6 to 1.5. 3. The antimycin-insensitive re reduction of ferricyanide and proton release from mitochondria were strongly depressed by 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. This shows that the ferricyanide formed accepts electrons passing through the protonmotive segments of the respiratory chain at the level of cytochrome c and/or redox components of the cytochrome b-c1 complex situated on the oxygen side of the antimycin inhibition site. Dibromothymoquinone depressed and duroquinol enhanced, in the presence of antimycin, the proton-release process induced by ferrocyanide respiration. Both quinones enhanced the rate of scalar proton production associated with ferrocyanide respiration, but lowered the number of protons released per electron flowing to the ferricyanide formed. 4. Net proton consumption caused by aerobic oxidation of exogenous ferrocytochrome c by antimycin-supplemented bovine heart mitochondria was preceded by scalar proton release, which was included in the stoicheiometry of 1 proton consumed per mol of ferrocytochrome c oxidized. This scalar proton production was associated with transition of cytochrome c from the reduced to the oxidized form and not to electron flow along cytochrome c oxidase. 5. It is concluded that cytochrome c oxidase only mediates vectorial electron flow from cytochrome c at the outer side to protons that enter the oxidase from the matrix side of the membrane. In addition to this consumption of protons the oxidase does not mediate vectorial proton translocation. PMID- 40547 TI - Limited-turnover studies on proton translocation in reconstituted cytochrome c oxidase-containing vesicles. AB - We have investigated ferrocytochrome c-induced proton ejection from reconstituted cytochrome c oxidase-containing vesicles using careful control of the number of enzyme turnovers. Ferrocytochrome c caused the appearance of protons at the vesicle exterior, and this could be abolished by using a protonophore. In addition, its decay was dependent on the permeability of the vesicle membranes to protons and the number of turnovers of the oxidase. These observations indicate that the ejection of protons was the result of genuine translocation. The possibility of this translocation occurring via a Mitchellian loop as a result of the presence of a reduced hydrogen carrier contaminating the enzyme was considered and excluded. Proton-translocating activity in this reconstituted system depended critically on the ratio of enzyme to lipid used in the reconstitution process and we propose a rationale to account for this. We conclude that our data provide strong support for the proposal that cytochrome c oxidase acts as a proton pump and that approx. 0.9 H+ is excluded per ferrocytochrome c molecule oxidized. PMID- 40548 TI - Superoxide dismutase, catalase and scavengers of hydroxyl radical protect against the toxic action of alloxan on pancreatic islet cells in vitro. AB - Experiments with isolated pancreatic islets or dispersed islet cells from non inbred ob/ob mice were performed to test the hypothesis that free radicals, notably OH., mediate the diabetogenic toxicity of alloxan. Accumulation of 86Rb+ by whole islets and exclusion of Trypan Blue by dispersed cells were used as previously validated criteria of islet-cell viability. Alloxan alone drastically inhibited the Rb+ accumulation and significantly decreased the frequency of cells excluding Trypan Blue. Enzymic scavengers of O2.- and H2O2 or non-enzymic scavengers of OH. or singlet oxygen were added to the incubation medium and tested for their ability to protect against these effects of alloxan. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, dimethyl sulphoxide, benzoate, and mannitol counteracted the effects of alloxan in both cytotoxicity assays. Significant protection of the Rb+ accumulating capacity was also afforded by butanol, caffeine, theophylline, NADH, NADPH and, to a small extent, NAD+. Urea has a poor affinity for OH. and did not protect against alloxan. No effect was obtained with the singlet-oxygen scavenger, histidine. Except for the protection by NADH and NADPH, which may be due to a direct reaction with alloxan in the medium, the results strongly support the hypothesis. beta-Cells may be particularly vulnerable to alloxan because their metabolic specialization facilitates reduction of the drug and perhaps of other substrates for O2.--yielding redox cycles. PMID- 40549 TI - Precocious development of cytochrome P-450 in neonatal rat liver after glucocorticoid treatment. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of neonatal rats with glucocorticoid hormones causes precocious development of hepatic cytochrome P-450. Glucagon injection fails to stimulate this cytochrome P-450 development. Adult liver cytochrome P-450 is less responsive to glucocorticoid stimulation than is that of neonatal rat liver. Adrenalectomy of prematurely delivered neonatal animals prevents the early postnatal development of cytochrome P-450. Glucocorticoids failed to increase cytochrome P-450 concentrations in foetal rat liver. These findings imply that, although glucocorticoids are mandatory regulatory factors controlling cytochrome P-450 development, they are not themselves the 'trigger' initiating onset of that development. PMID- 40550 TI - sn-Glycero(3)phosphoinositol glycerophosphohydrolase. A new phosphodiesterase in rat tissues. AB - 1. A phosphodiesterase that cleaves glycerophosphoinositol into glycerophosphate and inositol has been detected in rat tissues. 2. The enzyme requires Mg2+ (Mn2+) and has a pH optimum of 7.7. 3. The richest sources of the enzyme are kidney and intestinal mucosa. In pancreas subcellular fractions it occurs largely in the microsomal fraction. 4. The enzyme is inhibited by excess substrate and by the reaction product glycerophosphate. 5. Temperature-stability studies and other observations distinguish the enzyme from other membrane-bound phosphodiesterases active at an alkaline pH e.g. glycerophosphoinositol inositophosphohydrolase, glycerophosphocholine diesterase, inositol cyclic phosphate phosphodiesterase and phosphodiesterase I. PMID- 40551 TI - Characterization of the free radical formed in aerobic microsomal incubations containing carbon tetrachloride and NADPH. PMID- 40552 TI - Murine macrophage lysozyme: modulation of enzymatic activity in gel by electrolytes. PMID- 40553 TI - Calcium and pH-induced structural changes in skinned muscle fibers: prevention by N-ethylmaleimide. PMID- 40554 TI - Activation by a calcium-binding protein of guanylate cyclase in Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 40555 TI - Mechanism of action of 2-haloethylnitrosoureas on deoxyribonucleic acid. Nature of the intermediates from nitrosourea decomposition. PMID- 40556 TI - Interaction of antihistamines with lipid bilayers. PMID- 40557 TI - Effect of D-lysergic acid diethylamide on striatal choline acetyltransferase activity in the rat. PMID- 40558 TI - Oxidation-reduction state of free NADP+ during mixed-function oxidation in perfused rat livers--Evaluation of the assumptions of near equilibrium by comparisons of surface fluorescence changes and calculated NADP+:NADPH ratios. PMID- 40559 TI - Interaction of prazosin with alpha-adrenergic receptors--in vitro binding and in vivo antagonism. PMID- 40560 TI - GABA agonists and antagonists. PMID- 40561 TI - Effect of chronic treatment with some drugs on the enzymatic activities of the rat brain. PMID- 40562 TI - Noncompetitive inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase by 2'-deoxyguanosine-3' monophosphate. PMID- 40563 TI - Structure-activity studies of hydroxamic acids as direct vasodilators. AB - A series of beta-hydroxylamine-phenylpropyl hydroxamic acids were prepared. The ability of these compounds to act as hypotensive agents was studied pharmacodynamically. Key structural features for the hypotensive action were identified and correlated to the degree of responses observed. It was ascertained that these compounds do not act through the adrenergic, cholinergic and histaminergic receptor system, but can be classified as direct acting vasodilators. PMID- 40564 TI - Anaesthetised normotensive rats for the detection of hypotensive activity of a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist and other antihypertensive agents. AB - A simple method for the detection of antihypertensive activity in anaesthetised (66 mg/kg i. v. alpha-chloralose and 20 mg/kg i. v. aprobarbital) normotensive rats is described. Dihydralazine (0.5 to 2 mg/kg i. v.) reduced blood pressure dose-dependently but did not provoke the anticipated tachycardia. Clonidine (1 to 8 microgram/kg i.a.), guanethidine (0.5 to 5 mg/kg i.a.) and alpha-methyldopa (2.5 to 10 mg/kg i.a.) reduced blood pressure dose-dependently; the effect of reserpine (0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg i.a) was, however, not dose-dependent. Although all four drugs reduced heart rate, only clonidine and guanethidine did so in a dose dependent manner. Phentolamine (0.5 to 2 mg/kg i. v.) and propranolol (0.01 to 1 mg/kg i. v.) elicited dose-dependent falls in blood pressure. Whereas phentolamine increased heart-rate slightly, propranolol elicited a bradycardia. It is concluded that the chloralose-aprobarbital anaesthetised rat is a suitable and economical model for the screening of potential antihypertensive agents including beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. However, reflex trachycardia provoked by peripheral vasodilators may not be apparent. PMID- 40565 TI - Combination of meprobamate and diphenhydramine treatment increases tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the nucleus locus coeruleus. AB - The combination of meprobamate and diphenhydramine increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the rat nucleus locus coeruleus after twice daily injections, whereas neither compound alone had an effect. Increased activity occurred using a variety of medication ratios and absolute doses. PMID- 40566 TI - [Problems of assessing the biological value of prostaglandin in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - Isolated rat stomach strips were used to study the antagonism between psychotropic drugs and prostaglandin. It was found that the inhibited prostaglandin effect registered under the influence of psychotropic drugs in due not so much to the inhibition of synthetase action but rather to an inhibitory action on liberated prostaglandin. An atropine-like effect of the psychotropic drugs or an inhibition in the formation of endogenic prostaglandin in the walls are ruled out as possible explanations. The following possible explanations were discussed: a) the tested psychotropic drugs block prostaglandin receptors in the stomach; b) the test substances react with prostaglandin in the nutritive solution; c) the substances stimulate metabolic processes in the stomach wall that break down prostaglandin. PMID- 40567 TI - Antianginal and haemodynamic effects of a new beta-blocking agent, SD 1601. AB - Seventeen patients suffering from angina pectoris were submitted to bicycle ergometer test until an ST ischemic segment of typical pain occurred. Before and during the effort the ECG was recorded: before and after the exercise, the systolic intervals were calculated and arterial pressure measured. The T.P. index, namely the product of systolic arterial pressure by the heart rate and ejection time was calculated. The recordings and the effort test were repeated 5 min after treatment with the beta-blocking drug 1-(o-methoxyphenoxy)-3 isopropylamino-2-propanol hydrochloride (SD 1601). After treatment with the blocker, patients were able to prolong the duration of exercise or perform a higher mean total external work. SD 1601 significantly diminished O2 myocardial consumption at rest, expressed as T.P. During physical exercise, work and thus O2 consumption rise; given equal external work, SD 1601 rduces significantly O2 consumption. Acutely given, SD 1601 did not affect systolic intervals nor did it exert any negative inotropic effect. PMID- 40568 TI - The effect of a sub-chronic administration of three dose levels of a 1,5 benzodiazepine derivative, clobazam, on subjective assessments of sleep and aspects of psychomotor performance the morning following night time medication. AB - The effect of repeated doses of a 1,5-benzodiazepine derivative, clobazam, at doses of 20, 30, and 40 mg taken at night was assessed the morning following medication on a variety of subjective and objective measures of sleep and psychomotor performance. None of the three dose levels of the drug produced any significant changes in critical flicher fusion thresholds or in complex reaction time tasks. Conceptual learning ability was not impaired by any of the doses of clobazam administered. Clobazam was rated on a self-scoring analogue rating scale as an effective sleep inducer, which also improved the perceived quality of sleep. There was also a reduction in the perceived integrity of early morning behaviour commensurate with the reported ease of getting to sleep. PMID- 40569 TI - [Studies on the antimicrobial effect of natural and synthetic humic acids (author's transl)]. AB - Preparations of humic acids extracted from different soils by various methods and model humus substances obtained synthetically by oxidation of hydroquinone and pyrocatechin are tested for growth inhibition of representative strains of human pathogenic microorganisms using a micro serial dilution technique. Within the concentration range of less than or equal to 2500 micrograms/ml 57 of 81 natural and also the two synthetic humic acids show antimicrobial activity with differing spectra. These substances inhibit St. epidermidis, St. aureus, Str. pyogenes, S. typhimurium, Prot. vulgaris, Ent. cloacae, Ps. aeruginosa and C. albicans, but not Str. faecalis and E. coli. The degree of activity or the sensitivity of test organisms, respectively, amounts to 2500--1250 micrograms/ml predominantly, partially 625--312 micrograms/ml and can reach values of up to 39 micrograms/ml with synthetic hydroquinone humic acid. The spectrum and degree of activity vary according to the origin and extraction mode of the natural humic acids. The in vitro evidence of efficiacy against human pathogenic microorganisms gives a rational basis of therapeutic use of substances of humic acid type in infectious conditions. PMID- 40570 TI - Effects of bunitrolol (Koe 1366) on the distribution of underperfused coronary blood flow. AB - The effects of a beta-blocker (bunitrolol, Koe 1366) on the distribution of myocardial blood flow from the underperfused left circumflex coronary artery were examined by tracer microsphere method. Koe 1366 increased subendocardial/subepicardial flow ratio without increase of a net flow in the underperfused left ventricle. PMID- 40571 TI - [Inhibition of microcirculation during myocardial infarct and perlingually applied g-strophanthin. New concepts in the mechanism and treatment of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 40572 TI - The effects of repeated doses of temazepam taken in conjunction with alcohol on aspects of psychomotor performance the morning following night time medication. AB - A study to compare the morning-after effects of three dose levels of temazepam (Euhypnos capsules) given with alcohol, was carried out in 18 healthy volunteers. Matched placebos were given for two days before and four days after the four nights on active drug and a standard dose of alcohol was given on all ten nights of the study. Objective measurements made on the mornings after days 2, 4, 6 and 10 were critical flicker fusion threshold (CFF), choice reaction time (CRT) and digit symbol substitution tasks (DSST). The administration of 10 or 20 mg temazepam with alcohol produced no significant change inany of these measurements. 30 mg produced no change in DSST and although there was some impairment of CRT at this dose, it was not statistically significant. The combination of 30 mg temazepam and alcohol significantly depressed CFF following four nights on these drugs. PMID- 40573 TI - The 15th Dortmund Workshop, May 12 and 13, 1978. Primary processes during chemoreception and possible pharamcological influence on them. Abstracts. PMID- 40574 TI - Cyclohexylphenoxy amidoximes and imidazolines with antidepressive and alpha adrenergic activity. AB - The effect of variation of the cycloaliphatic residue position on pharmacological activity was studied in two series of cyclohexylphenoxy derivatives (A and B). (Formula: See text) The ortho derivatives generally exhibit remarkably strong activity; (A) has an imipramine-like pharmacological profile; (B) with Y = H is more active than naphazoline and xylomethazoline as vasoconstrictor. The meta and para substituted derivatives and all (B) derivatives with R = CH3 exhibited no definite or interesting pharmacological activities. PMID- 40575 TI - Amoxapine in experimental psychopharmacology: a neuroleptic or an antidepressant? AB - 2-Chloro-11-(piperazinyl)dibenz[b,f][1,4]-oxazepine (amoxapine) gives an unusual spectrum in psychopharmacological tests. Many of its effects are similar to those of neuroleptics: sedation, decrease in motor activity, catalepsy (which is, however, qualitatively different from that induced by classical neuroleptics), transitory suppression of avoidance reaction, antagonism of amphetamine induced toxicity in crowded mice and inhibition of stereotyped behavior induced by amphetamine in rats, and antagonism to various effects of apomorphine (stereotyped behaviour in rats, climbing behaviour, stereotyped behaviour and hypothermia in mice). At similar doses which produce the above mentioned effects, amoxapine also shows effects atypical for a neuroleptic, but which are relatively characteristic of antidepressants: antagonism of prochlorperazine-induced catalepsy in rats, inhibition of reserpine induced hypothermia in mice and enhancement of yohimbine toxicity in mice. The profile of this substance does not facilitate the anticipation of therapeutic effects in humans. PMID- 40576 TI - An investigation of some side effects in 47 psychotic patients during treatment with clozapine and discontinuing of the treatment. PMID- 40577 TI - Pipotiazine pharmacokinetics after p.o. and i.v. administration in man. Correlation between blood levels and effect on the handwriting area. AB - Plasma kinetics of pipotiazine, a phenothiazine neuroleptic, have been studied in five chronic schizophrenic patients after both oral (25 mg) and i.v. (5 mg) administration of pipotiazine tritiated in the 3- and 4-positions of the piperidine ring. Peak plasma concentrations of unchanged pipotiazine were reached between 1 and 2 h after oral administration and showed a five-fold inter individual variation. The mean terminal elimination half-life was 11.2 h. After i.v. administration plasma concentration declined bi-exponentially with mean half life values of 2.7 and 8.8 h. Data indicate that biotranformation of the drug was not dependent on the route of administration and that there were no qualitative differences in biotransformation between individuals. The large apparent distribution volumes (mean value 545 l) indicated extensive binding to tissue components. After 25 mg p.o. effect on the handwriting area was manifest from 8 to 48 h after administration and reached maximum intensity between 24 and 36 h. This is consistent with rather a large duration of action observed clinically. PMID- 40578 TI - In vitro binding of various biological substances by two hypocholesterolaemic resins. Cholestyramine and colestipol. AB - The ability of cholestyramine and colestipol, two hypocholesterolaemic resins, to bind in vitro several compounds such as vitamin B12, vitamin B12-intrinsic factor complex, folic acid, iron citrate and calcium chloride was investigated. Both resins bound to a high extent vitamin B12-intrinsic factor complex, folic acid and iron citrate; in addition, cholestyramine also caused appreciable binding of calcium. Throughout a large range of pH, there was no change in the binding capacity; however, at pH 2, cholestyramine exhibited a marked drop in the binding of tested substances (with exception of folic acid). By increasing the molarity of the solutions, the binding to the resins of vitamin B12-intrinsic factor complex and of calcium chloride was completely inhibited. In human gastric and duodenal juices, the uptake by the resins of the studied compounds depends on the molarity of the physiological medium tested and partly confirms the results obtained with aqueous solutions. These data obtained in vitro emphasize the necessity of regular monitoring these biochemical parameters during chronic treatment of hypercholesterolaemia conducted with these two resins. PMID- 40579 TI - Lipophilicity and biological acitivity. Drug transport and drug distribution in model systems and in biological systems. AB - Different equilibrium and non-equilibrium models are used to simulate drug transport and drug distribution. The percentage of absorbed drug, the rate constants of drug absorption and the drug concentrations in the different compartments of the models can be described quantitatively by the bilinear model, e.g., log ci = a log P-b log (betaP + 1) + c. A nearly perfect fit is obtained for the simulated data from this model. Drug absorption and distribution in biological systems can be explained and described by the model-derived equations. Examples from the literature include buccal absorption, gastric and intestinal in situ and in vitro absorption, colonic absorption, renal clearance, and absorption through the skin and the blood-brain barrier; in all those cases the bilinear model gives an excellent fit of the experimental data. Combination of the pH partition theory with the bilinear model leads to a simple quantitative model for the precise description of the relationships between lipophilicity, degree of ionization, and absorption, distribution and biological activity of drugs. PMID- 40580 TI - Cerebral metabolic and hemodynamic activities of l-eburnamonine in the anesthetized dog. A comparison with vincamine. AB - 1. The cerebral metabolic and hemodynamic activities of l-eburnamonine (l-E) were investigated in anesthetized dogs and compared with those of vincamine (Vi). 2. The injection of l-E (2 mg/kg i.v.) increased vertebral, carotid and femoral blood flows (VBF, CBF, FBF) while corresponding resistances decreased. aortic blood flow (A0 BF) and systolic ejection volume (SEV) increased. Cerebral O2 and glucose consumption (CMRO2, CMRG) increased as did the O2 extraction coefficient and the O2 supply. This last increase was due to the simultaneous increase of VBF, hemoglobin (Hb) and arterial pO2. PMID- 40581 TI - Proestrus and metestrus rat uterus, a rapid and simple in vitro method for detecting histamine H2-receptor antagonism. AB - The antagonism caused by metiamide and cimetidine on histamine-induced inhibition of spontaneous and electrically stimulated isometric contractions of superfused rat uterine horns from proestrus and metestrus stages was studied in vitro. Histamine depressed smooth muscle "twitch" responses of spontaneously contracting or electrically stimulated uterine preparations of both stages in the same dose dependent manner. The typical effects of organ relaxation, inhibition of contraction height and reduction of resting tension generated by histamine, could both be antagonized by the histamine H2-receptor blockers metiamide and cimetidine, while both compounds failed to reverse orciprenaline- or isoproterenol-induced inhibition of uterine contractility. Diphenhydramine, a histamine H1-receptor antagonist, was not able to reduce histamine-induced inhibition of uterine contractions, thereby confirming that the histamine receptors of the rat uterine tissue are H2 in type. Furthermore, beta-adrenergic blockers, like propranolol and dichloroisoproterenol, failed to antagonize the decrease in contraction amplitude but prevented fall in resting tension induced by histamine. Tyramine, cAMP or dibutyryl-cAMP produced no inhibition of motility of the isolated uterine tissue. Possible mechanisms of these findings are discussed. The findings show that the isolated non-estrus rat uterus is useful as a rapid method for investigating specific effects of drugs designated for potential histamine H2-receptor antagonism. This preparation offers the additional advantage that no interference with beta-blockers occurs. PMID- 40582 TI - Influence of L-tryptophan on the activity of tryptophan oxygenase in rat liver slices. AB - Earlier experiments in vivo with adrenalectomized rats showed that for the induction of tryptophan oxygenase and tyrosine aminotransferase small doses of cortisone acetate and the corresponding substrate are necessary. We performed the similar experiments in vitro with liver slices from adrenalectomized rats which were pretreated with cortisone acetate in vivo. Studies with alpha-amanitine and cordycepin--given in vivo--showed, that the synthesis of m -RNA for tryptophan oxygenase after application of 1 mg/kg cortisone acetate lasted for less than 2 h. The results obtained in vitro were very similar to those reported earlier. Maximum activity is obtained in the presence of the substrate L-tryptophan. When adding other amino acids instead of the substrate no effect can be observed. The same is true also for actinomycin D. In the presence of puromycin and cycloheximide the enzyme activity decreases. PMID- 40583 TI - [Cerebral metabolic activator (author's transl)]. PMID- 40584 TI - Effects of oral H1 and H2 receptor antagonists in asthma. AB - 1 There is evidence that H2 receptors are present in the lung, both on bronchial smooth muscle and mast cells. In animal studies, stimulation of H2 receptors causes a diminution, and conversely H2 receptor blockade can increase, smooth muscle contraction and mediator release. 2 The effects of H2 receptor blockade in ten patients with asthma has been studied using oral cimetidine in a dose of 1 g daily for 1 week. Treatment was compared with placebo and the H1 receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine. 3 There was no alteration in the severity of naturally-occurring or exercise-induced asthma with cimetidine or chlorpheniramine. 4 H2 receptor blockade with oral cimetidine in conventional doses is without ill effect in asthma. The use of larger parenteral doses is discussed. PMID- 40585 TI - Assay of azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and a novel thiopurine metabolite in human plasma. AB - 1 A simple, specific assay for 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) in human plasma with a sensitivity of 10 ng/ml (66 nmol/1) has been developed. 2 6-MP was extracted directly from plasma into toluene using a novel extraction procedure. This involves conversion of 6-MP into a phenyl mercury derivative by its reaction with phenyl mercuric acetate in alkaline plasma and extracting into toluene. Back extraction of the toluene layer with 0.1N HCl regenerates 6-MP, which is then oxidised to purine-6-sulphonate and assayed fluorimetrically. 3 This assay has been modified to measure azathioprine and a new thiopurine metabolite in plasma. 4 In a kidney transplant patient given azathioprine, 50 mg i.v., conversion to 6 MP was rapid and the plasma half-life of 6-MP was 36 min. 5 These assays are suitable for studying the pharmacokinetics of azathioprine in patients with kidney transplants. The 6-MP assay should also prove useful for studying the pharmacokinetics of the drug in patients with leukaemia. PMID- 40586 TI - Cross-linking of membrane proteins of metabolically-depleted and calcium-loaded erythrocytes. AB - The membranes of erythrocytes undergoing metabolic depletion or an influx of calcium undergo several changes in structure and function. In erythrocytes incubated without substrate we find extensive cross-linking of membrane proteins by disulphide bonding occurring after 24--48 h, involving all major membrane proteins as well as haemoglobin. Aggregates of mol wt 40 x 10(6) or greater are formed. These changes are partially reversible by repletion with adenosine. Rapid introduction of calcium (intracellular concentrations approximately 0.6 mM) into metabolically replete erythrocytes with the ionophore A23187 results in transglutaminase-dependent cross-linking of membrane proteins. Cellular calcium concentrations of approximately 0.3 mM have no cross-linking effect. Cells undergoing metabolic depletion show a progressive loss of transglutaminase activity to undetectable levels at 12 h, so that influx of calcium into such cells cannot cause cross-linking by a transglutaminase-mediated reaction. These studies suggest that the metabolic state of the cell and the rate and degree of calcium influx into erythrocytes are critical factors in determining the type of membrane protein cross-linkage. PMID- 40587 TI - Variability of intracellular pH within individual populations of SS and AA erythrocytes. AB - Individual populations of AA and SS erythrocytes were fractionated according to cell density by centrifugation, and the fractions analysed for intracellular pH (PHi), the mole ratio of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate to haemoglobin (DPG:Hb), and cell concentration of haemoglobin (MCHC). The pHi of SS erythrocytes was consistently lower than that of AA erythrocytes throughout the density range, and the lowest pHi of both cell types (AA and SS) was found in cells with the highest density. As the highest density AA and SS erythrocytes are characterized by the lowest DPG:Hb values, their relatively low pHi cannot be ascribed to intracellular organic phosphate. Instead we propose that a redistribution of hydrogen ions across the membrane of both AA and SS erythrocytes is the ultimate result of progressive alterations in these membranes in vivo. PMID- 40588 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the twentieth annual general meeting of the British Society for Haematology: joint meeting with Nederlandse Vereniging voor Hematologie, Aviemore, April 1979. PMID- 40589 TI - Normal values for fetal scalp tissue pH during labour. AB - Normal values for fetal scalp tissue pH during labour were determined by using a glass electrode (Kontron-Roche). A total of 132 recordings was obtained and 84 (64 per cent) were of good quality. After a good quality recording had been obtained, there were 64 infants with an Apgar score of 9 or 10 at one and five minutes after delivery. The 64 recordings showed pH values (Mean +/- 2SEM) of 7.38 +/- 0.12 six hours before delivery and 7.28 +/- 0.12 at the time of delivery. Between the 5th and 55th minutes of the second stage of labour the pH (Mean +/- 2SEM) fell from 7.30 +/- 0.14 to 7.20 +/- 0.13. PMID- 40590 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of wild-type and glycolytic pathway mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - High-resolution phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectra of wild-type and mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were observed at a frequency of 145.7 MHz. Levels of various phosphorus metabolites were investigated upon addition of glucose under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Three mutant strains were isolated and their biochemical defects characterized: pfk lacked phosphofructokinase activity; pgi lacked phosphoglucose isomerase activity; and cif had no glucose catabolite repression of the fructose bisphosphatase activity. Each mutant strain was found to accumulate characteristic sugar phosphates when glucose was added to the cell suspension. In the case of the phosphofructokinase deficient mutant, the appearance of a pentose shunt metabolite was observed. 31P NMR peak assignments were made by a pH titration of the acid extract of the cells. Separate signals for terminal, penultimate, and central phosphorus atoms in intracellular polyphosphates allowed the estimation of their average molecular weight. Signals for glycero(3)phosphochline, glycero(3)phosphoserine, and glycero(3) phosphoethanolamine as well as three types of nucleotide diphosphate sugars could be observed. The intracellular pH in resting and anaerobic cells was in the range 6.5--6.8 and the level of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) low. Upon introduction of oxygen, the ATP level increased considerably and the intracellular pH reached a value of pH 7.2--7.3, irrespective of the external medium pH, indicating active proton transport in these cells. A new peak representing the inorganic phosphate of one of the cellular organelles, whose pH differed from the cytoplasmic pH, could be detected under appropriate conditions. PMID- 40591 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid repair synthesis in permeable human fibroblasts exposed to ultraviolet radiation and N-acetoxy-2-(acetylamino)fluorene. PMID- 40592 TI - Electrostatic stabilization in myoglobin. pH dependence of summed electrostatic contributions. PMID- 40593 TI - Electrostatic stabilization in myoglobin. Interactive free energies between individual sites. AB - The pattern of electrostatic interactions between pairs of charge sites in sperm whale ferrimyoglobin was examined as a function of pH in terms of proton site occupancy, static solvent accessibility, and distance of separation. By grouping all examples of the most stabilizing interactions and all examples of the most destabilizing interactions, we can easily show that at pH 7.50 the former is much stronger; that is, the negative contributions to electrostatic free energy far outweigh the positive contributions. Much of the electrostatic energy of stabilization in native myoglobin is provided by specific charge-pair partners that are very highly conserved among 53 mammalian myoglobin species and is invariant substantially from pH 8.5 to 3.5. Destablizing interactions that become most significant, but not actually dominant, near the acid unfolding pH range can be recognized in emerging clusters of uncompensated positive charges. Binding of azide ion by the heme iron effectively reduces the most prominent destabilizing set of such interactions. In general, thoe charged residues that experience the largest summed stabilizing interactions with other groups are the most conserved between species. The histidine residues, however, show their best correlation of conservation with low values of static accessibility. Although histidine residue 64 has an effective pK corresponding to the midpoint of the unfolding transition near pH 4.2 at an ionic strength of 0.10 M and so might be called a "trigger group", its interactions contribute only a modest fraction of the overall pH dependent free energy change. An examination of the primary stabilizing interactions represented by the charge-pair partners indicates a probably major role of electrostatic interactions in the nucleation and docking stages of the condensation of the polypeptide chain into the compact native structure. PMID- 40594 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance study of solvent exchange and nuclear Overhauser effect of the histidine protons of bovine superoxide dismutase. PMID- 40595 TI - Guanylate cyclase of isolated bovine retinal rod axonemes. AB - The guanylate cyclase activity of axoneme--basal apparatus complexes isolated from bovine retinal rods has been investigated. The Mg2+ and Mn2+ complexes of GTP4- serve as substrates. Binding of an additional mole of Mg2+ or Mn2+ per mole of enzyme is required. Among cations which are ineffective are Ca2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, and Co2+. The kinetics are consistent with a mechanism in which binding of Mg2+ or Mn2+ to the enzyme must precede binding of MgGTP or MnGTP. The apparent dissociation constants of the Mg--enzyme complex and the Mn--enzyme complex are 9.5 x 10(-4) and 1.1 x 10(-4) M, respectively. The apparent dissociation constants for binding of MgGTP and MnGTP to the complex of the enzyme with the same metal are 7.9 x 10(-4) and 1.4 x 10(-4) M, respectively. The cyclase activity is maximal and independent of pH between pH 7 and 9. KCl and NaCl are stimulatory, especially at suboptimal concentrations of Mg2+ or Mn2+. Ca2+ and high concentrations of Mg2+ and Mn2+ are inhibitory. Ca2+ inhibition appears to require the binding of 2 mol of Ca2+ per mol of enzyme. The dissociation constant of the Ca2--enzyme complex is estimated to be 1.4 x 10(-6) M2. The axoneme--basal apparatus preparations contain adenylate cyclase activity whose magnitude is 1--10% that of the guanylate cyclase activity. PMID- 40596 TI - Light-induced permeability changes in sonicated bovine disks: arsenazo III and flow system measurements. PMID- 40597 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the structure of the tetrapeptide tuftsin, L-threonyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine, and its pentapeptide analogue L-threonyl L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine. AB - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to investigate the solution conformation of tuftsin, threonyllysylprolylarginine, as well as a pentapeptide inhibitor of tuftsin, threonyllysylprolylprolylarginine. Both proton and carbon 13 studies were performed. In water, neither peptide gives evidence of a preferred conformation. In dimethyl-d6 sulfoxide, tuftsin appears to prefer a particular conformation, but the inhibitor does not. The conformation of tuftsin is one in which the amide NH proton of arginine is solvent shielded. The conformation does not, however, appear to be such that a normal 4 leads to 1 beta turn exists. PMID- 40598 TI - Cooperative lipid-protein interaction. Effect of pH and ionic strength on polymyxin binding to phosphatidic acid membranes. AB - The binding of polymyxin-B to charged dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid membranes has been studied as function of the external pH and of the ionic strength of the buffer solution. The phase transition curves were obtained by measuring the fluorescence depolarization of diphenyl hexatriene incorporated into the membrane with temperature. The molecular process of polymyxin binding was elucidated: 1. At an ionic strength of I greater than or equal to 0.1 mol/l a three step phase transition curve is found. A high-temperature step corresponds to the non-bound lipid. A lowered phase transition concerns to protein-bound lipid domains. This again is splitted into two steps. An inner core of the domain is characterized by a lipid-protein complex which is stabilized through hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between polymyxin and the charged lipid. This core is surrounded by an outer belt of only hydrophobically bound molecules. This part shows a lower phase transition temperature than the inner core. 2. The binding curves of polymyxin to phosphatidic acid membranes depend strongly on the ionic strength of the water phase. The cooperativity of the binding process increases with increasing ionic strength and reaches a constant value at I greater than 0.2 mol/l. The maximum fraction of bound lipid decreases with increasing ionic strength. 3. The pH of the water phase strongly influences the cooperative binding process. At pH 6 a loss of cooperativity is observed at low ionic strength. Increasing the ion concentration to I = 0.3 mol/l recuperates the cooperativity of the binding process. At pH 3.0 no cooperative binding is obtained even at high ionic strength. PMID- 40599 TI - The influence of charge on bilayer membranes. Calorimetric investigations of phosphatidic acid bilayers. AB - The pH-dependence of the phase transition of dimyristoyl phosphatidic acid and dihexadecyl phosphatidic acid has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. Varying the pH induces different degrees of ionization of the polar head group. The changes in transition temperature with pH as observed by calorimetry are in good agreement with those obtained by measuring the changes in light scattering, whereas the transition temperatures reported by the fluorescent probe N-phenylnaphthylamine do not always coincide with those determined from calorimetry [1]. The observed maximum of the transition temperature at pH 3.5 corresponds to a minimum in the transition enthalpy vs. pH diagram. At this pH a particular stable bilayer phase is formed. Full protonation of phosphatidic acids leads to suspensions of mycrocrystals. The transition enthalpy approaches the value of the melting enthalpy of crystalline anhydrous phosphatidic acid. The decrease in the transition enthalpy at high pH values is due to a change in the hydrocarbon chain interactions induced by the doubly charged head groups. The cooperativity of the transition varies with the degree of ionization of the head group, being lower for doubly charged phosphatidic acids. PMID- 40600 TI - Characterization of alkaline nuclease from rat liver mitochondria. AB - The alkaline nuclease (pH optimum 9.0) has been purified about 500-fold in 25% yield from the extract of rat liver mitochondria. The enzyme cleaves yeast RNA, poly(U), poly(U), poly(C) and denatured DNA to yield oligonucleotides with 5' phosphoryl and 3'-hydroxyl ends. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 60 000, a sedimentation coefficient of 4 S and an isoelectric point of 9.0. The behaviors of RNAase activity of the nuclease are identical with those of DNAase activity in column chromatography as well as in catalytic nature. The affinities of RNAase activity for substrate, Mg2+, spermidine and polyvinyl sulfate are lower than those of DNAase activity. The alkaline nuclease activity measured in the homogenate of regenerating rat liver is not significantly changed. PMID- 40601 TI - Purification and properties of the particulate hydrogenase from the bacteroids of soybean root nodules. AB - The uptake hydrogenase (hydrogen:ferricytochrome c3 oxidoreductase, EC 1.12.2.1) from the bacteroids of soybean root nodules infected with Rhizobium japonicum 110 has been purified and characterized. Bacteroids were prepared, then broken by sonication. The particulate enzyme was solubilized by treatment with Triton X-100 and further purified by polyethylene glycol fractionation, DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography. The specific activity has been increased 196-fold to 19.6 units/mg protein. The molecular weight is 63 300 as determined by gel filtration and 65 300 as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicating that the enzyme is a monomer. The enzyme is O2 sensitive, with a half life of 70 min when exposed to air. The pH optimum of the solubilized enzyme is near 5.5; the Km for H2 is 1.4 microM. Suitable electron acceptors are methylene blue, ferricyanide, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, and cytochrome c. Benzyl viologen is reduced slowly; methyl viologen, NAD(P)+, FAD, FMN, and O2 are not reduced. The optimum temperature for activity is 65-70 degrees C with an activation energy of 9.2 kcal. H2 evolution by the enzyme has been demonstrated. The hydrogenase is well-suited to function in an environment where all the available H2 is generated in situ. PMID- 40602 TI - Isolation and properties of porcine thyroid fucokinase. AB - A 23 000-fold purification of porcine fucokinase (ATP:6-deoxy-L-galactose 1 phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.52) has been achieved using a combination of ion exchange, hydrophobic ligand, affinity, hydroxyapatite and molecular sieve chromatography. The enzyme was determined to have a subunit molecular weight of 78 180 +/- 4260 by sodium dodecyl sulfate chromatography and a tetrameric molecular weight of 309 200 +/- 4100 in the active state as determined by molecular sieve chromatography. The enzyme exhibits a single pH optimum at a pH value of 6.5 and gives evidence of a high order of specificity for L-fucose and ATP. The enzyme requires a divalent metal ion and this need is best satisfied by Mg2+. The activity of the enzyme is modified by a number of nucleotides. ADP is an enzyme inhibitor competitive with ATP. GDP-beta-L-fucose is also an inhibitor and appears to compete with L-fucose. GDP-alpha-D-mannose stimulates the enzyme. A possible role for the actions of these nucleotide sugars is discussed. PMID- 40603 TI - Enzymatic characterization of the chondrocytic alkaline phosphatase isolated from bovine fetal epiphyseal cartilage. AB - Purified chondrocytic alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1) from bovine fetal epiphyseal cartilage hydrolyzes a variety of phosphate esters as well as ATP and inorganic pyrophosphate. Optimal activities for p-nitrophenyl phosphate, ATP and inorganic pyrophosphate are found at pH 10.5, 10.0 and 8.5, respectively. The latter two substrates exhibit substrate inhibition at high concentrations. p-Nitrophenyl phosphate demonstrates decreasing pH optima with decreasng substrate concentration. Heat inactivation studies indicate that both phosphorolytic and pyrophosphorolytic cleavage occur at the same site on the enzyme. Mg2+ (0.1-10.0 mM) and Mn2+ (0.01-0.1 mM) show a small stimulation of p-nitrophenyl phosphate splitting activity at pH 10.5. Levamisole, Pi, CN-, Zn2+ and L-phenylalanine are all reversible inhibitors of the phosphomonoesterase activity. Pi is a competitive inhibitor with a Ki of 10.0 mM. Levamisole and Zn2+ are potent non competitive inhibitors with inhibition constants of 0.05 and 0.04 mM, respectively. The chondrocytic alkaline phosphatase is inhibited irreversibly by Be2+, EDTA, EGTA, ethane-1-hydroxydiphosphonate, dichloromethane diphosphonate, L cysteine, phenyl-methylsulfonyl fluoride, N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide. NaCL, KCL and Na2SO4 at 0.5-1.0 M inhibit the enzyme. At pH 8.5, the cleavage of inorganic pyrophosphate (pyrophosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.1) by the chondrocytic enzyme is slightly enhanced by low levels of Mg2+ and depressed by concentrations higher than 1mM. Ca2+ show only inhibition. Similar effects of Mg2+ and Ca2+ on the associated ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.6.3) activity were observed. Arrhenius studies using p-nitrophenyl phosphate and AMP as substrates have accounted for the ten-fold difference in V in terms of small differences in both the enthalpies and entropies of activation which are 700 cal/mol and 2.3 cal/degree per mol, respectively. PMID- 40604 TI - Stimulation of bull sperm hyaluronidase by polycations. AB - The activity of bull sperm hyaluronidase (hyaluronate 3-glycanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.36) is increased by the inclusion of polycations in the assay mixture. At pH 3.8, bovine serum albumin and histone give the greatest stimulation, while protamine sulfate, spermine, spermidine and hyamine 2389 stimulate to a lesser extent. Enzyme activity increases with serum albumin concentration to a nearly constant, high level at serum albumin concentrations greater than 1 mg/ml. Other stimulatory compounds show a similar concentration dependence except that inhibition of enzyme activity occurs at high concentrations of stimulator. The degree of stimulation depends on the pH, sample concentration and substrate concentration. Enzyme preparations with a low protein content give the greatest stimulation, while preparations with a high protein content show little stimulation. The concentration of serum albumin required for maximum stimulation increases with increased hyaluronic acid concentration. The results suggest that the stimulation of sperm hyaluronidase is nonspecific and results from an interaction of the polycation with hyaluronic acid. Since protein in the enzyme preparation substitutes for exogenous stimulator to a varying degree, serum albumin should be included in the assay mixture for sperm and testicular hyaluronidase to assure measurement of maximum enzyme activity. PMID- 40605 TI - Studies on the nature of the catalytically essential ionizing group of plasmin with pK 8.4. AB - A fully carbamylated derivative of plasminogen having no free amino groups has been prepared and converted by urokinase to an active enzyme, called carbamyl plasmin A, with a single free NH2-terminal amino group (Val-561). Carbamyl plasmin A was shown to possess a catalytically essential ionizing group having pK 8.6. Carbamylation of the free NH2-terminal amino group of carbamyl plasmin A led to complete loss of catalytic activity. The results of solvent perturbation studies of normal plasmin (EC 3.4.21.7) indicate that the group with pK 8.4 is a neutral acid group. It is suggested that the catalytically essential ionizing group of plasmin having a pK of 8.4 is the alpha-ammonium group of the NH2 terminal Val-561 or the light chain of plasmin, forming an ion pair with a COO- group of an aspartate or glutamate residue. PMID- 40606 TI - Studies on rat renal cortical cell kallikrein. II. Identification of kallikrein as an ecto-enzyme. AB - Suspensions of viable renal cortical cells hydrolyzed a synthetic ester substrate (alpha-N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester, Tos-Arg-OMe) and generated kinins from a kininogen substrate. This kallikrein-like esterase activity increased linearly with cell number, or time of exposure to substrate. No radiolabelled substrate or product was found within the cells. Most of the activity appeared to be on cell surfaces as supernatant media had less than 20% of the Tos-Arg-OMe esterase activity on the cell suspensions. Cell surface Tos-Arg-OMe esterase activity was inhibited by aprotinin, benzamidine, pentamidine, and a tris-amidine derivative (alpha,alpha',alpha''-tris(3-amidinophenoxy)mesitylene). Preincubation of cells with phospholipase A2 increased renal cell surface esterase activity up to 76% while only slightly increasing supernatant activity. In contrast, preincubation with deoxycholate caused clearing of suspensions and a marked increase in supernatant esterase activity. Renal cell kininogenase (EC 3.4.21.8) activity was inhibited by preincubation with aprotinin, the tris-amidine derivative, or anti rat urinary kallikrein antibody. Kallikrein elaborated by renal cells formed a single precipitin line with an antibody to rat urinary kallikrein but the two enzymes were not immunologically identical. We conclude that kallikrein's active sites are facing the external environment of renal cortical cells in suspension with access to substrates, inhibitors, and antibody. PMID- 40607 TI - The two human trypsinogens. Evidence of complex formation with basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor-proteolytic activity. AB - The formation of complexes between human trypsinogens and the basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor is demonstrated by using affinity chromatography on Sepharose coupled to basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. This interaction indicates the pre existence of the active site in human trypsinogens. This active site induces the proteolytic activity of the two zymogens which activate spontaneously at pH 5.6 and pH 8.0 before and after affinity chromatography. The effect of affinity chromatography on trypsinogen spontaneous activation is not the same on trypsinogens 1 and 2. A striking difference appears between the activation of the two trypsinogens. In all cases, trypsinogen 1 autoactivates more rapidly than trypsinogen 2, except at pH 5.6 in the presence of 10 mM Ca2+, which inhibits the autoactivation of trypsinogen 1. The effect of inherent proteolytic activity of human trypsinogens is discussed in relation to pathological conditions of enterokinase deficiency and acute pancreatitis. PMID- 40608 TI - Purification and properties of a collagen peptidase (PZ-peptidase) from rabbit serum. AB - A peptidase cleaving a synthetic substrate for collagen peptidases, 4 phenylazobenzyloxcarbonyl-L-Pro-L-Leu-Gly-L-pro-D-Arg (designated as PZ-peptide) has been purified 1200-fold from rabbit serum and characterized. The enzyme preparation is free of collagenase and unspecific proteinase activity. The natural substrates are denatured collagen and collagen peptides. The peptidase has a molecular weight of 124 000 and an isoelectric point at pH 5.1. The pH dependence curve exhibits two maxima, one at pH 7.1 and the other at pH 7.9. The enzymic reaction is completely inhibited by Zn2+ and to a slower degree by Hg2+, Mn2+ and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. It is not affected by EDTA and KCN but totally blocked by o-phenanthroline. Phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride is completely inhibitory and points to a serine residue in the active site. PMID- 40609 TI - Oxidation of L-glucose by a Pseudomonad. AB - A new enzyme, D-threo-aldolse dehydrogenase (2S,3R-aldose dehydrogenase), found in Pseudomonas caryophylli, was capable of oxidizing L-glucose L-xylose, D arabinose, and L-fucose in the presence of NAD+. The enzyme was synthesized constitutively and purified about 120-fold from D-glucose-grown cells. The Km values for L-glucose, L-xylose, D-arabinose, and L-fucose were 1.5 . 10(-2), 4.5 . 10(-3), 2.8 . 10(-3), and 2.1 . 10(-3), respectively. D-glucose and other aldoses inhibited the enzyme reaction; this inhibition was competitive with L glucose as substrate and D-glucose as inhibitor. The optimum pH for the enzyme reaction was 10; the molecular weight of the enzyme was determined by gel filtration to be 7 . 10(4). PMID- 40610 TI - Optimal conditions for the assay of fibroblast neuraminidase with different natural substrates. AB - A method for the assay of neuraminidase in human cultured fibroblasts has been worked out. The substrates, all naturally occurring, were: sialyloligosaccharides (alpha(2 lead to 3)sialyllactose, alpha(2 leads to 6)sialyllactose, disialyllactose), sialylglycoplipids (disialogangliosides GD1a and GD1b), sialylglycoproteins and sialylglycopeptides (ovine submaxillary glycoprotein and its pronase-glycopeptides). The method was based on the determination of the enzymically liberated N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) by a chromatographic colorimetric microprocedure. The enzyme acted on sialyloligosaccharides and, in the presence of Triton X-100, on gangliosides, while it did not appreciably affect sialylglycoproteins and sialylglycopeptides. The optimum pH was 4.0 for all tested substrates; the Km values were higher for sialyloligosaccharides (about 10(-3) M), lower for gangliosides (about 10(-4) M); the apparent maximum velocity was higher with alpha(2 leads to 3)sialyllactose (400 mU/mg protein); the reaction rate was linear with time for up to 2 h, and with up to 0.6 mg of enzymic protein. The assay method proved to be sufficiently sensitive (3-4 nmol liberated NeuAc), simple, and reproducible (mean activity on pooled fibroblasts with alpha(2 leads to 3)sialyllactose: 400 mU +/- 6 S.E.). PMID- 40611 TI - Purification and properties of a proteinaceous metallo-proteinase inhibitor from Streptomyces nigrescens TK-23. AB - A novel metallo-proteinase inhibitor which is capable of inhibiting the activities of metallo-proteinases such as the thermolysin, was isolated from the culture filtrates of Streptomyces nigrescens TK-23. The inhibitor was purified batch-wise from the culture filtrate by Amberlite IRC-50 and column chromatographies on CM-Sephadex C-50 and Sephadex G-50. The purified inhibitor showed a single band on 15% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 4.3, and at pH 7.5 on SDS-gels. The inhibitor retained 80% of its original activity after treatment of 100 degrees C for 5 min between pH and 7. The molecular weight was estimated to be 12 000 by gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and calcuated as 11 950 from its amino acid composition. The isoelectric point was pH 10.3. The inhibitor showed a high content of hydrophobic amino acids, did not contain tryptophan, and had two disulfide bridges. It also showed specific inhibitory activity for metallo-proteinases but not for serine-, thio- and carboxyl-proteinases. PMID- 40612 TI - 31P NMR studies on the interaction of deoxyuridylate with thymidylate synthase. AB - The 31P nuclear magnetic resonance signal of deoxyuridylate was studied in the presence and absence of thymidlate synthase. In the absence of enzyme the chemical shift of deoxyuridylate is pH dependent with a pKa of 6.25. In the presence of enzyme, a peak corresponding to the dianioinc form of deoxyuridylate is observed which is independent of pH between pH 5.7 and pH 7.4. The pKa of the phosphate in the deoxyuridylate-thymidylate synthase complex is therefore less than 5. The release of inorganic phosphate from deoxyuridylate catalyzed by contaminating phosphatase was also observed. PMID- 40613 TI - Reduction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides by sodium cyanoborohydride. AB - The relatively slow reduction of NAD+ and NADP+ by sodium cyanoborohydride leads to formation of the enzymically active form of NADH and NADPH. This reaction could be useful as a simple procedure to enzymically introduce a specific label into substrates when tritiated or deuterated cynanoborohydride is used for obtaining the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. PMID- 40614 TI - Characterization of the active site of homogeneous thyroid purine nucleoside phosphorylase. AB - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (purine-nucleoside : orthophosphate ribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.1) has been purified approx. 4000-fold and to electrophoretic homogeneity from bovine thyroid glands. The isolated enzyme has a specific activity of 17 mumol . min-1 . mg-1. The native enzyme appears to have a molecular weight of 92 000 as determined by sedimentation equilibrum ultracentrifugation and is comprised of three subunits having a molecular weight of 31 000 each as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The enzyme is irreversibly denatured below pH 5 and the enzyme-substrate complex is shown to have an ionization constant (pKa) of 9.2 which influences catalytic activity. The pH dependence of the kinetic constants identifies three amino acid ionizable protons. The binding of inosine is effected by an imidazole ring of histidine (pKa 5.65) and a sulfhydryl group of cysteine (pKa 8.5) and the maximal velocity is restricted by an epsilon-amino group which is essential for phosphate binding. The requirement of these residues for activity was confirmed by group-specific chemical modification. The presence of phosphate protected only the lysyl residue while inosine protected all three residues from chemical titration. A model is proposed for the catalytic mechanism of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. PMID- 40615 TI - Kinetics and equilibria of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase from human erythrocytes. AB - The common type of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase (ATP:CMP phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.4.14), purified 50 000-fold from human erythrotes, reacted with a wide variety of nucleotides, but only ATP, dATP, UMP and CMP were good substrates. The optimum Mg2+ concentration, 2-3 mM, was generally independent of substrate concentration, of the nature of the substrate, and of the direction of the reaction. Kinetic studies indicated that a ternary complex was formed, that the substrates were bound at two unlike sites, and that the order of addition of substrates was random. Equilibrium constants were ATP + UMP 0.98, ATP + CMP 1.59, dATP + UMP 1.13, and ATP + AMP 1.20. PMID- 40616 TI - Studies on the possible identity of particulate beta-glucosidase and beta xylosidase of mouse liver. AB - Mouse liver beta-glucosidase (beta-D-glucosidase glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) and beta-xylosidase (1,4-beta-D-xylan xylohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.37) activities were studied under different conditions of incubation in an attempt to determine whether these two activities are due to a single enzyme or two separate enzymes. The results showed that: (a) Particle-bound beta-glucosidase and beta-xylosidase activities exhibit similar characteristics with different buffers and at various pH values, in the presence or absence of taurocholate. (b) Both activities are inhibited by gluconolactone and conduritol B eposice. beta-Glucosidase activity is inhibited competitively by the two inhibitors, but beta-xylosidase activity is inhibited non-competitively. (c) Xylonolactone was a very poor inhibitor of both activities, but the inhibition of beta-xylosidase activity was more pronounced than that of beta-glucosidase. (d) The presence of glucosides or xylosides simultaneously in the incubation medium suggested the presence of one enzyme with both activities. These results, together with the mode of inhibition produced by gluconolactone and conduritol B epoxide also suggest the presence of two different binding sites for the beta-D-glucoside and beta-D-xyloside, respectively. PMID- 40617 TI - Carbodiimide-reactive carboxyl groups at the active site of an insect midgut trehalase. AB - Carbodiimide modification of the Rhynchosciara americana midgut trehalase (alpha, alpha-trehalose glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.28) at different pH values revealed the existence of two essential groups (pKa 5.28 and pKa 7.74) for the trehalos activity. Those groups must be carboxyl groups since the alternative possibilities (sulfhydryl and phenol groups) have been discarded by selective modification and attempts to reactivate the modified enzyme with hydroxylamine. Furthermore, the increase of the pKa values of carbodiimide-reactive groups in the presence of dioxane supports further evidence that they are carboxyls. The results suggest the pKa 5.28 carboxyl is in the active site, while the pKa 7.74 carboxyl is in its neighborhood buried in the enzyme molecule. The possible role for the carbodiimide-reactive carboxyl groups in catalysis is discussed. PMID- 40618 TI - Variations in some molecular events during the early phases of the reuber H 35 hepatoma cell cycle. I. Glucocorticoid induction of tyrosine aminotransferase. AB - 1. Reuber H 35 hepatoma cell cultures were syncrhonized by serum depletion of the growth medium for 72 hr, which results in arrest of the cells in the G0 or G1 phase of the cell cycle. 2. Induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by dexamethasone was studied. Induction along the cell cycle varies with respect to the sensitivity of the cell towards low hormone concentration and the maximum effect elicited by the hormone. 3. Scatchard analyses of receptor- [3H]triamcinolone binding was performed in cell extracts prepared from cells at various times of G1 and S. Variations were observed in the concentration of glucocorticoid receptor as well as in the affinity of the receptor for the hormone. 4. During the latter part of the cell cycle, variations in the concentrations of the receptor could not explain the variation in enzyme induction, since the maximum rate of induction decreased while an increase in receptor activity still occurred. PMID- 40619 TI - Genotypological method of analysis of individual responsiveness of an organism in experiment. AB - The principle of a genotypological method of analysis of individual responsiveness of an organism in experiment is formulated on the basis of data in the literature and the results of the author's own investigations. The main objective of a genotypological method is the determination of the constitutional typological features of responsiveness and their markers on the basis of similar or different norms of reaction and paratypical factors. It is proposed that individual responsiveness in a population be determined by way of disclosing in individuals the corresponding markers previously established in linear and non linear animals in experiment, while observing a number of necessary conditions. These markers, capable of playing the role of indicators of a "constitutional typological reaction norm" and also of an individual reaction norm with respect to a concrete agent, are called genotypological markers. PMID- 40620 TI - Conditions for the appearance of adifferentiated nocardioform variants of Streptomyces roseoflavus var. roseofungini. AB - It was shown that adifferentiated nocardioform variants (NV) of Streptomyces roseoflavus var. roseofungini 1128 may appear in mycelial cell suspensions of submerged actinomycete cultures in water, phosphate buffer, and water with fructose (1%) or glucose (1%), as well as in mycelia of old (10-30 days) cultures on different carbon sources. When sugars, alcohols, or amino acids were added to a medium with fructose, NV formation was inhibited, but not completely suppressed. Fructose was shown to be the most potent factor in the appearance of NV. PMID- 40621 TI - [Interaction between dialkylamines and bacterial agmatinase]. AB - It was demonstrated that aliphatic dialkylamines are more effective inhibitors of bacterial agmatinase than monoalkylamines and differ from the latter by the type of inhibition. The dependence of the inhibition constant on the hydrophobicity of the compounds tested was studied. The type of this dependence was found to be different for long- and short-radical dialkylamines, the correlation equation appearing as 1g(1/Ki) = 0,33 1gPo + (2,3 +/- 0,2) for the former compounds and as 1g(1/Ki) = 1,0 1gPo + (2,2 +/- 0,2) for the latter. The enzyme inhibition by the inhibitors tested was dependent on pH: e. g. with an increase in pH the inhibiting effect was decreased. It was assumed that the inhibitor sorption by agmatinase is of hydrophobic-ionic type and that the active site of the enzyme contains two hydrophobic zones separated by a nucleophylic group. The length of the hydrophoblic zones was estimated. PMID- 40622 TI - [Isolation and some properties of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase from Sarcoscipha coccinea]. AB - N-Acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase was isolated from the extract of the discomycet Sarcoscipha coccinea and purified 510--550-fold by gel filtration on Sephadex G 200 and by ion-exchange chromatography on KM-Sephadex C-50 and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 or by a combination of hydrophobic and affinity chromatographies. Gel electrophoresis confirmed the homogeneity of the enzyme in both cases. Some properties of purified N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase (e. g. pH optimum, thermal stability, molecular weight, etc.) were studied. The Michaelis constants and maximal cleavage rates for some substrates were determined. The tissue extract of S. coccinea was found to contain two molecular forms of N-acetyl-beta-D hexosaminidase. At concentrations of N-acetyl-p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucosaminide and D-galactosaminide higher than 0,5 mM the enzyme is inhibited by an excess of the substrate. PMID- 40623 TI - [Purification and physico-chemical properties of glutamine synthetase from pea chloroplasts]. AB - A highly purified, practically homogeneous glutamine synthetase was isolated from pea leaf chloroplasts. The enzyme purity was assayed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation. The sedimentation coefficient is 16,3S. The sedimentation equilibrium analysis showed that the molecular weight of the enzyme is equal to 480 000. The minimal molecular weights of the enzyme as calculated from the data of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS and the amino acid analysis were found to be 62 000 and 60 000, respectively. The enzyme contains a large amount of dicarboxylic and sulfur-containing amino acids. The N-terminal amino acid is glycine. The isoelectric point for the enzyme lies within the pH range of 4,2-4-4. PMID- 40624 TI - [The All-Union symposium "Metabolism of proteins of the central nervous system"]. PMID- 40625 TI - [Photo-oxidation and carboxymethylation of guanylribonuclease Pch1]. AB - The effect of photo-oxidation and carboxymethylation on the activity of RNAse Pch1 has been studied. Photoinactivation in the presence of rose bengal results in a selective oxidation of two histidine residues. The process is inhibited by the nucleotide substrate analogs. This suggests that one or two imidazole groups may be localized in the active site of RNAse Pch1. The pH dependence of the enzyme inactivation by bromoacetic acid is indicative of the contribution of a functional group with pKa 4,0, presumably of a beta- or gamma-carboxyl group of dicarbonic amino acid. The reaction is inhibited by the substrate analogs 2'(3') GMP and 2'(3')-AMP. The data on the similarity of active sites in several guanyloribonucleases are discussed. PMID- 40626 TI - [Isolated neuronal soma as an object of electrophysiologic research]. PMID- 40627 TI - Disappearance of anionic sites from the surface of the rat endometrial epithelium at the time of blastocyst implantation. PMID- 40628 TI - Urinary neurotransmitter metabolites in drug-free chronic schizophrenic patients measured by gas chromatography selected positive ion monitoring. AB - The free urinary metabolites, homovanillic, indoleacetic and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid were measured in 24 h urines obtained from seven highly selected drug-free chronic schizophrenic patients and seven mentally normal control subjects on a low amine diet. Gas chromatography selected ion monitoring of silylated extracts was used to assay each metabolite using its own deuterated form as an internal standard. In the electron impact mode the positive ion fragments used to quantitate the amount of each metabolite in the urine were, respectively, m/z 209/211 for homovanillic acid, 319/321 for indoleacetic acid and 290/292 for 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid. It was found essential that each compound be assayed using its own deuterated derivative as the internal standard. When expressed per mg creatinine, the homovanillic and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels of the chronic schizophrenic patients were in the normal range, but indoleacetic acid was slightly and statistically significantly higher, p = 0.01. PMID- 40629 TI - New models of cellular control: membrane cytoskeletons, membrane curvature potential, and possible interactions. AB - The concepts of "membrane cytoskeletons" (proteins attached to the cytoplasmic face of the membrane to give rigidity and control of lateral protein diffusion) and of membrane curvature potential are briefly reviewed. Possible modes of attachment of the membrane cytoskeleton to the bilayer are discussed, and a detailed calculation of possible sources of membrane curvature potential in the red cell is made. The 2 control systems are then used to illustrate possible mechanisms for some cellular processes, such as vesicle formation and release, pseudopod formation, and red cell aging. It is concluded that combination of these concepts allows control mechanisms which appear to act at a distance, or have other unusual systems properties. PMID- 40630 TI - Degradation of ribonucleic acid by immobilized ribonuclease. AB - An immobilized enzyme (pancreatic ribonuclease bound to porous titania) was investigated for the degradation of purified yeast ribonucleic acid as a substrate. The immobilized enzyme is active and stable in the pH range 4--8. Dependence of enzymatic activity on ionic strength, pH, temperature, fluid flow rate, and substrate concentration were investigated. A cumulative fluid residence time of 6 sec is sufficient for 50% substrate conversion at 25 degrees C and pH 7.0. The critical flow rate (i.e., the fluid flow rate necessary to remove film diffusion resistance) approximately doubles with each 10 degree C rise in reaction temperature. The critical flow rates obtained in this study are about 40 times greater than those obtained for a similar study on immobilized glucose oxidase. Arrhenius plots gave activation energies of -9.6 and -7.1 kcal/g mol at pH 4.6 and 7.0, respectively. The work reported herein is a bench-scale investigation of an immobilized enzyme with primary emphasis on the mass transfer and kinetic characteristics of the system. The rapid reaction rates obtainable at relatively low temperatures offer a potential alternative method of purifying yeast single cell protein (SCP) with miminum loss of desired protein. The key questions are how such a system would react in a yeast homogenate, what conditions in such a system must be controlled, and what type of immobilized reactor should be utilized, if such further work continued to show promise. PMID- 40631 TI - [Effect of antihistaminics on bradykinin action]. AB - On isolated ileum of the guinea pig the antihistamine drugs dimedrol, diprazin (pipolphen), tavegil and suprastin diminished spasmogenic effects of bradykinin and an enhancement of microvascular permeability induced by this polypeptid. The antihistamine drugs display a nonspecific antibradykinin activity. No relationship between the chemical structure and pronounced antibradykinin action of the antihistamines studied was revealed. PMID- 40632 TI - [Induction of T-suppressor cells by immunization with allogenic spleen cells in the H-2 system of mice]. AB - The nature of suppressor cells induced by immunization with the allogenic spleen cells and inhibiting the DNA synthesis activation in the mixed lymphocyte culture was studied. Suppressor cells are resistant to mitomycin C and carrageenan. They are not inactivated by the treatment with rabbit anti-B- and anti-Ig- as well as with mouse antibodies (anti-Mls serum) against B lymphocytes in the presence of complement but eliminated by rabbit anti-lymphocyte and anti-T globulins and by mouse anti-theta serum. These T suppressor cells are concentrated in the large lymphocyte fraction in the ficoll gradient. Their blocking of the DNA synthesis activation is evidently non-specific. PMID- 40633 TI - Production of fetal antigen-bearing erythrocytes in irradiated adult mice grafted with fetal liver hematopoietic cells. AB - The production of erythrocytes bearing an "immature" antigen (Im+ cells) and a "fetal" antigen (Ft+ cells) has been studied in irradiated adult mice grafted either with fetal liver or adult bone marrow cells. The Im+ cells reach a peak 8 11 days after grafting. Ft+ cells are detected only after graft of fetal liver cells; the younger the liver, the greater the number. Since Ft+ cells are rapidly and briefly produced, they could be the progeny of erythroid-committed precursors, which are particularly numerous among fetal liver cells. Environmental factors directing the erythropoietic differentiation towards Ft+ erythrocytes in fetuses or Ft- erythrocytes in adults are proposed. PMID- 40634 TI - Metabolic dependence of protein arrangement in human erythrocyte membranes. II. Crosslinking of major proteins in ghosts from fresh and ATP-depleted red cells. PMID- 40635 TI - Use and efficacy of pneumococcal vaccine in patients with Hodgkin disease. AB - Fulminant bacterial sepsis has been described in patients with Hodgkin disease who have undergone splenectomy for staging purposes. The organisms commonly associated with sepsis in this setting include Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine (Merck) has recently been licensed and has been suggested for use in patients with Hodgkin disease who are at risk for postsplenectomy sepsis. We administered 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine to 24 patients with Hodgkin disease and 24 normal controls, and measured antibody response to 13 antigens at time of immunization and at 3 wk and 3 mo following immunization. Our results indicate that patients who have been previously treated for Hodgkin disease, with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both, have severe impairment of antibody response. Untreated patients, however, respond in a manner similar to normal controls. PMID- 40636 TI - Adsorption of various kinds of offensive odor substances on activated carbon and zeolite. PMID- 40637 TI - Photoperiodic acclimation and circadian variations in tolerance of juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) to zinc. PMID- 40638 TI - 8Th international symposium on marine medicine in Varna. An account. PMID- 40639 TI - Creativity. A conference sponsored by the Spencer Foundation of Chicago: introduction. PMID- 40641 TI - [Symposium on unilateral cataract]. PMID- 40640 TI - Creativity. A conference sponsored by the Spencer Foundation of Chicago. PMID- 40642 TI - Beta-adrenoceptor agonist activity of labetolol on the isolated uterus of the rat. AB - Isoprenaline produced dose-dependent reductions of responses of the isolated uterus of the rat produced by an EC(80) of acetylcholine. Propranolol acted as a competitive antagonist to isoprenaline. Labetolol also reduced the acetylcholine induced contractions but was much less potent than isoprenaline. The greatest reduction was smaller than that produced by isoprenaline. Propranolol antagonized the lower doses of labetolol. It is suggested that labetolol possesses partial agonist activity at the beta-adrenoceptors of the rat isolated uterus. PMID- 40643 TI - Alpha 2-adrenoceptors mediate clonidine-induced sedation in the rat. AB - 1 The central alpha-adrenoceptors responsible for mediating clonidine-induced sedation in rats have been characterized according to their sensitivity to alpha adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists.2 Clonidine, injected intraperitoneally or intracerebroventricularly, caused dose-dependent sedation, both in terms of a reduction in the time that rats could remain on an accelerating rotarod and in terms of overt sedation assessed visually. Following intracerebroventricular injection, xylazine, naphazoline and methoxamine, but not phenylephrine, produced similar effects.3 The sedation caused by intraperitoneal injection of clonidine was antagonized by intracerebroventricularly injected phentolamine, yohimbine, piperoxan and tolazoline but not by labetalol, thymoxamine or prazosin.4 The relative potencies of the agonists in causing sedation and of the antagonists in inhibiting the sedative effect of clonidine clearly demonstrated that the central alpha-adrenoceptors mediating clonidine-induced sedation are the same as the peripheral presynaptic alpha(2)-adrenoceptors.5 All the alpha-adrenoceptor agonists caused hypothermia after intracerebroventricular injection, but their order of potency was different from that in producing sedation. The hypothermic effect of intraperitoneally injected clonidine was little affected by any of the antagonists administered intracerebroventricularly. No conclusions could be drawn concerning the type of receptor responsible for mediating hypothermia. PMID- 40644 TI - The effects of neuroleptics with central dopamine and noradrenaline receptor blocking properties in the L-DOPA and (+)-amphetamine-induced waking EEG in the rat. AB - 1 A study was carried out in rats (prepared for chronic sleep recording) of the effects of pretreatment with neuroleptics differing in their relative antinoradrenaline and antidopamine receptor potencies, on the L-DOPA and (+) amphetamine-induced increase in waking EEG. 2 Haloperidol (0.6 mg/kg), which blocks central dopamine and noradrenaline (NA) receptors, reversed the EEG desynchronizing actions of L-DOPA and (+)-amphetamine. 3 Low doses of pimozide (0.4 to 0.8 mg/kg) which block dopamine receptors exclusively, were not able to modify the pharmacologically induced disruption of the sleep-awake cycle. However, at 1 mg/kg, a dose which also produces blockade of NA receptors, pimozide counteracted the increase in waking elicited by (+)-amphetamine. 4 Spiroperidol (1 to 4 mg/kg) which is devoided of NA receptor blocking properties, failed to reverse the L-DOPA or (+)-amphetamine-induced arousal. 5 Our results suggest that the increased waking time observed after the catecholamine agonists is related to an increased availability of NA rather than dopamine. PMID- 40645 TI - The protective effect of some phenothiazine derivatives against streptolysin O. AB - 1 Chlorpromazine (Cpz) and promethazine (Pmz) protected mice against lethal doses of streptolysin O (SLO) given intravenously. Three other phenothiazine derivatives had similar but lesser effects. 2 The protective effect developed slowly; maximal protection was obtained 4 h after subcutaneous injection of Cpz and Pmz. 3 The haemolytic activity of SLO in vitro was also inhibited by Cpz. PMID- 40646 TI - Comparative studies on immunologically and non-immunologically produced slow reacting substances from man, guinea-pig and rat. AB - 1 Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) was produced by antigen challenge of passively sensitized human lung and actively sensitized guinea-pig lung. 2 A slow-reacting substance (SRS) was prepared from the peritoneal fluid of rats treated with calcium ionophore A23187. 3 These substances were extensively purified by charcoal adsorption, Sephadex G-15 gel filtration, ether extraction and reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. 4 The three substances are pharmacologically, chemically and chromatographically indistinguishable. 5 Our data suggest that the same SRS entities are released from a variety of tissues and that these acidic lipids may have a wider physiological significance than just anaphylaxis. PMID- 40647 TI - Evidence for two distinct types of postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor in vascular smooth muscle in vivo. AB - 1 The effects of the highly selective alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin, and the relatively selective alpha(2)-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, on the pressor responses to intravenous injections of phenylephrine and noradrenaline have been examined in anaesthetized cats and pithed rats in an attempt to determine whether alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors are located postsynaptically on vascular smooth muscle.2 In anaesthetized cats prazosin caused a much greater reduction in the pressor responses to phenylephrine than to noradrenaline or splanchnic nerve stimulation (after adrenalectomy). Yohimbine was of similar potency in reducing the pressor responses to each stimulus.3 A differential blocking activity of prazosin against intra-arterial injections of phenylephrine and noradrenaline was also demonstrated in the blood-perfused cat hind limb. As in the whole animal, prazosin was more potent against phenylephrine than noradrenaline. A similar, though less marked, effect was seen in the mesenteric circulation, but not in the renal circulation, where prazosin was almost equipotent in reducing responses to phenylephrine and noradrenaline.4 In pithed rats prazosin was a potent, competitive antagonist of phenylephrine, but had little effect against noradrenaline; only the responses to high doses of noradrenaline were reduced by prazosin. Yohimbine was approximately equipotent as an antagonist of phenylephrine and noradrenaline. In the anococcygeus muscle, prazosin was as potent an antagonist of noradrenaline as it was of phenylephrine on vascular smooth muscle.5 The results suggest that there are two types of alpha adrenoceptor in the vasculature of cats and rats. Phenylephrine produces pressor responses by stimulating one type of postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor that is blocked by prazosin and yohimbine; these are alpha(1)-adrenoceptors. Noradrenaline exerts some of its effect via these receptors but most of its effect appears to be exerted through prazosin-insensitive receptors. The latter receptors appear to differ from alpha(2)-adrenoceptors. PMID- 40648 TI - The effects of high pressure helium and nitrogen on the release of acetylcholine from the guinea-pig ileum. AB - 1 The effects of high pressures of helium and of nitrogen on acetylcholine release were tested using the guinea-pig ileum as a model preparation. A superfusion system was designed in which this tissue could be maintained under physiological conditions in a high pressure chamber.2 Helium, at a pressure of 136 atm slightly increased the spontaneous output of acetylcholine but produced no significant changes at 68 atm (136 atm is close to the lethal pressure for small mammals).3 The acetylcholine release evoked by electrical stimulation or by 55 mM potassium was not altered by 136 atm of helium. Effects on tetrodotoxin treated tissues were not consistent.4 Nitrogen, which in contrast to helium possesses general anaesthetic properties, caused considerable increases in spontaneous and in electrically evoked acetylcholine output at pressures which produce anaesthesia. These increases were not changed when helium was used to increase the total pressure to 136 atm, although this reverses the general anaesthetic actions of nitrogen in vivo.5 The increases in rate of acetylcholine release produced by nitrogen were observed in tetrodotoxintreated tissues and in tissues from reserpine-treated animals. In a calcium-free medium the increases were considerably smaller.6 The conclusions from these results are that while high pressures of helium caused little or no change in acetylcholine release rates, nitrogen produced large changes, which were not due to effects on axonal conduction. The effect of nitrogen is not apparently related to its general anaesthetic actions. Differences such as these in transmitter release would be likely to contribute to the differing physiological effects of these two gases. PMID- 40649 TI - The influence of cerebral 5-hydroxytryptamine on catalepsy induced by brain-amine depleting neuroleptics or by cholinomimetics. AB - 1 Catalepsy was produced in rats and mice by the subcutaneous injection of either tetrabenazine or the butyrophenone U-32,802A (4'-fluoro-4-{[4-(p-fluorophenyl)-3 cyclohexen-1-yl]amino} butyrophenone hydrochloride). Catalepsy was evaluated by the duration of total immobility on a vertical grid.2 Pretreatment with p chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) reduced the intensity of catalepsy by 50% or more, whereas its time course remained the same.3 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), 10 mg/kg, enhanced the catalepsy induced by U-32,802A or tetrabenazine, provided it was administered soon (45 min) after the neuroleptic; injections at 90 min had no effect. Otherwise untreated rats given this dose of 5-HTP behaved normally on the grid.4 The anticataleptic effect of PCPA was reversed by 5-HTP.5 Measurable changes in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) metabolism in the rat forebrain accompanied the modification of catalepsy by 5-HTP and PCPA.6 Methysergide (5 mg/kg) given 30 min before the neuroleptics to either mice or rats reduced the catalepsy, assessed 2.5 h after the methysergide. It also prevented the increase in neuroleptic-induced catalepsy following 5-HTP, 10 mg/kg.7 Tryptophan, like 5-HTP, increased the catalepsy seen in mice after U-32,802A and tetrabenazine, and increased the production of 5-hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid in the forebrain.8 In the rat, intracerebroventricular injection of physostigmine produced catalepsy which was not modified by methysergide or PCPA but was abolished by atropine. Similarly, in the mouse, catalepsy induced by the subcutaneous injection of pilocarpine was abolished by atropine but not affected by either methysergide or 5-HTP.9 Atropine greatly reduced the catalepsy induced by U-32,802A and tetrabenazine but lowered striatal homovanillic acid (HVA) only after U-32,802A. D,L-DOPA, 20 mg/kg, diminished the cataleptogenic effect of both neuroleptics and raised striatal HVA.10 The results support the view that there is a facilitating or permissive action of 5-HT-containing neurones on neuroleptic-induced catalepsy. PMID- 40650 TI - The effects of histamine on responses of the rabbit ear artery to electrical stimulation and to exogenous noradrenaline. AB - 1 The effects of a subconstrictor dose of histamine (9 x 10(-7) mol/l) on the responses of the isolated perfused ear artery of the rabbit to electrical stimulation (E.S.) and to exogenous noradrenaline (NA) were investigated.2 Both intraluminal (I/L) and extraluminal (E/L) histamine potentiated responses to E.S. and to I/L NA to the same extent.3 Mepyramine alone (2.5 x 10(-6) mol/l) had no effect on the response of the ear artery to either stimulus, but in the presence of this concentration of mepyramine, the potentiation by histamine of the response to I/L NA was significantly decreased and that to E.S. was replaced by inhibition.4 The H(1)-receptor agonist, 2(2-pyridyl) ethylamine, applied I/L potentiated responses to I/L NA at both concentrations used (5.1 and 51 x 10(-7) mol/l), but only potentiated the effects of E.S. at the higher concentration.5 The H(2)-receptor antagonist, metiamide (4 x 10(-6) mol/l), alone did not alter the extent of potentiation of responses to either E.S. or I/L NA by histamine. This suggests relatively weak H(2)-receptor activity in the rabbit ear artery. In the presence, but not the absence of metiamide, the potentiation by histamine of the I/L NA response was reversible, an observation suggesting an interaction between metiamide and the non-reversible component of the potentiating effect of histamine.6 These results are interpreted in terms of postsynaptic H(1)-receptors which potentiate and presynaptic H(2)-receptors which inhibit contractile responses in the ear artery. PMID- 40652 TI - The cardiovascular acitivity of ICI 118,587 a novel beta-adrenoceptor partial agonist [proceedings]. PMID- 40651 TI - Evidence for dopaminergic vasodilator innervation of the canine paw pad. AB - 1 In chloralose-anaesthetized dogs pretreated with guanethidine and pancuronium, electrical stimulation (0.2 to 5 Hz) of the peripheral end of the cut tibial nerve caused a frequency-dependent increase in femoral blood flow which was restricted to the paw pads. 2 This neurogenic vasodilatation was not attenuated by atropine, mepyramine plus burimamide, indomethacin or propranolol. It was, however, attenuated in a dose-dependent manner by intra-arterial administration of the dopamine receptor antagonist, ergometrine (0.05 to 0.5 mg). 3 The effect of ergometrine could not be explained by non-specific effects on axonal conduction or transmission or by vasospasm of the blood vessels of the paw-pads. 4 In dogs with intact tibial nerves, a pharmacologically similar dilator response localized to the paw-pads could be elicited by electrical stimulation of loci in the ipsilateral diencephalon and midbrain. This response was not due to inhibition of adrenergic vasomotor tone and was abolished by systemic ganglion blockade or by tibial nerve section as well as by femoral arterial administration of ergometrine. 5 It is suggested that the vasculature of the canine paw pads is innervated by a population of autonomic axons which utilize dopamine or a related substance as a transmitter substance and activation of which causes vasodilation. PMID- 40653 TI - Antagonism of vasodepressor and gastric secretory responses to histamine by ranitidine and cimetidine in the anaesthetised dog [proceedings]. PMID- 40654 TI - Analysis of the activity and distribution of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists in the rat using an ex vivo receptor binding assay [proceedings]. PMID- 40655 TI - The effects of temperature and ionic environment on antagonists binding to cardiac beta-adrenoceptors [proceedings]. PMID- 40656 TI - Antagonism of apomorphine and lergotrile hypothermia [proceedings]. PMID- 40657 TI - Modulation of picrotoxin-induced forepaw myoclonus in the rat by benzodiazepines [proceedings]. PMID- 40658 TI - Effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on the hepatic mixed-function oxygenases in the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 40659 TI - Is WB 4093 a selective presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist? [proceedings]. PMID- 40660 TI - Male delusional depressed patients: response to treatment. AB - In view of the previous finding that female deluded depressed patients do not respond to tricyclic antidepressants, a retrospective review of charts of thirteen male patients with primary depression accompanied by delusions were undertaken. None improved on tricyclics alone, whereas all those treated initially with neuroleptics improved. Twelve out of thirteen patients showed no improvement until neuroleptics were added to the treatment regimen. Implications for classification and treatment are discussed. PMID- 40661 TI - An holistic developmental view of neural and psychological processes: a neurobiologic-psychoanalytic integration. AB - The authors attempt to integrate several psychoanalytical and more recent neurobiological concepts regarding the development of the organism and emergence of psychopathology. They highlight the rough temporal correspondence of neurodevelopmental myelination cycles with stages of psychosocial development. They discuss concepts of critical periods and unique times of vulnerability to psychosocial insult and recurrence of critical stresses, gleaned from a multidisciplinary point of view, in relation to the occurrence of psychic aberrations. They suggest that it may be fruitful to explore further psychological constructs such as fixation and regression, as well as unconscious mental processes, in relation to their biochemical, physiological, and anatomical representations in the brain. PMID- 40662 TI - Proceedings of The British Institute of Radiology. New radiopharmaceuticals including iodine-123. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 40663 TI - Suicide and attempted suicide. PMID- 40664 TI - Rebound effect after stopping beta-blockers. PMID- 40665 TI - Minor tranquillisers and road accidents. PMID- 40666 TI - Benzodiazepines and traffic accidents. PMID- 40667 TI - Evidence for a GABAergic projection from the substantia nigra to the ventromedial thalamus and to the superior colliculus of the rat. AB - Unilateral intranigral infusion of kainic acid (1.5 microgram) produced neuronal loss in the lateral two-thirds of the nigra while sparing axons en passage. Fink Heimer silver impregnation revealed dense terminal degeneration in the nigra itself (both in the compacta and in the reticulata) and in areas of non dopaminergic nigral projection such as the ventromedial (VM) nucleus of the thalamus, the superior colliculus and the reticular formation; only spare terminal degeneration was found in areas of dopaminergic projection such as the caudate and septum. In order to clarify the nature of the transmitter of the nigrothalamic and nigrocollicular neurons, the activity of glutamic decarboxylase (GAD), the marker of cholinergic neurons, was measured in the VM and ventrobasal (VB) thalamus and in the nigra of each side, 7 days after unilateral intranigral injection of kainic acid. GAD activity was reduced significantly in the VM thalamus (-33%), in the superior colliculus (-40%) and in the substantia nigra ( 18%) but not in the VB-thalamus of the lesioned side. CAT remained unchanged in these areas. Similar results were obtained in the thalamus and in the superior colliculus after electrocoagulative lesions of the nigra. The results indicate the existence of a nigrothalamic and of a nigrocollicular GABAergic pathway. This projection might play an important role in motor coordination and gaze control. PMID- 40668 TI - Nerve growth factor: effects on D-amphetamine-induced activity and brain monoamines. AB - Adult male rats were given 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nucleus accumbens, followed immediately by injections of saline or nerve growth factor (NGF; 125 B.U.) near the substantia nigra. Such lesions were previously reported to attenuate the locomotor response to D-amphetamine. NGF-treated rats showed an enhanced response to D-amphetamine (1.5 mg/kg) when tested 15 days postoperatively. Levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the striatum and nucleus accumbens were equivalently depressed in the two lesion groups, indicating that the apparent recovery of the NGF-treated rats was probably not due to catecholaminergic neuronal regrowth. Intracerebral NGF administeration enhanced the response to D-amphetamine 15 days later in rats without lesions, and also appeared to result in increased turnover of brain norepinephrine and serotonin at 3, but not 15, days postadministration. NGF might increase dopamine turnover at 15 days, but the evidence obtained did not convincingly confirm or negate this possibility. The results in brain-damaged and intact rats, and also modify the apparent turnover of brain monoamines. PMID- 40669 TI - Strain differences in the regulation of the sympatho-adrenal system. PMID- 40670 TI - Neurochemical plasticity: increased glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in the olfactory tubercle following olfactory bulb removal during postnatal development. PMID- 40671 TI - Binding of [3H]flunitrazepam to differentiating rat cerebral cells in culture. PMID- 40672 TI - Regulation of retinal tyrosine hydroxylase: long-term exposure to light increased the apparent Vmax without a concomitant increase of immunotitratable enzyme molecules. PMID- 40673 TI - [Guanylate cyclase in E. coli. III. Purification and possible physiological role of GTPase]. AB - A phosphohydrolase with a preferential activity for GTP has been isolated and partially purified from E. coli extracts. The enzyme purification has been achieved through precipitation by ammonium sulfate and chromatography on DEAE cellulose, DEAE-Sephadex, Ultragel and a second DEAE-cellulose column. The phosphohydrolase activity is poly (C) dependent. The chromatographic analysis on PEI-cellulose has shown that the main product of GTP hydrolysis is GDP. The possibility that the enzyme partially purified in this work has an important role in the control of GTP availability as substrate for guanylate cyclase into the cells has been discussed. PMID- 40674 TI - [Binding of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone to plasma proteins in rabbits under different physiological conditions]. AB - Percent binding and unbound levels of T and DHT were determined in rabbits of both sexes at the end of intra-uterine life, ten days of age and adulthood. For both hormones, the lowest percent binding were observed in fetus, the highest in immature animals. The percent binding of T and DHT were significantly higher in adult females than in age-paired males. In pregnant mothers the percent binding of T and DHT were lowered. PMID- 40675 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of urinary oxytocin in man]. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for oxytocin (OT) in urine is described. 125I-OT was prepared, and antibodies were raised in rabbits against OT coupled to bovine serumalbumine. This allowed us to set up of RIA for OT which limit of detection is 1.25 pg/tube (0.6 microU). The use of an extraction procedure using CG50 Amberlite is essential. The recovery after extraction reaches 70.5%. pH 5 is the optimum pH were urine samples must be stored. The superposition of the elution peak of endogenous OT on that of exogenous hormone is an argument in favour of the validity of such an extraction procedure. Daily urinary excretion of OT reaches 9.58 mU +/- 3.48 in 18 healthy young men. PMID- 40676 TI - [Lithium modifications of the cataleptogenic properties of various neuroleptic drugs in the rat]. AB - After unique ip injection (11,78 mEq/kg) LiCl increases in the Rat catalepsy produced by chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, fluphenazine, levomepromazine, haloperidol and reserpine. This phenomenon is more important according to cataleptigenic properties of neuroleptic drugs. After repeated injections of LiCl (5 mEq/kg/d/5 dip) potentiation of catalepsy is more fugacious and not produced by levomepromazine and reserpine. LiCl would interfere at enzymatic level with dopaminergic transmission either by inhibiting activity of cerebral adenylcyclase (unique injection) or by inhibiting dopamine synthesis (repeated injections). PMID- 40677 TI - A comparison of the effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate and gamma-butyrolactone on cerebral carbohydrate metabolism. AB - The metabolic effects of 60-min exposure to 250-2000 mg gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) per kilogram or 150-1200 mg gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) per kilogram were studied in rats by measurement of the cerebral hemisphere contents of energy phosphates and glycolytic-Krebs' cycle metabolites. A general pattern of increased glycogen and glucose with decreased pyruvate, lactate, alpha ketoglutarate, and malate was observed. This pattern in association with unchanged adenylates and decreased energy phosphate utilization was consistent with a metabolic adaptation to a state of cerebral depression. The major qualitative difference between the two drugs was that higher doses of GBL were associated with additional decreases of citrate and glutamate. Since these doses of GBL were also associated with acute increases of arterial CO2 tension, it is proposed that these differences were secondary to hypercapnia and not due to a distinctive primary action of GBL. Derivation of the cytoplasmic NAD(P)H:NAD(P)+ ratios indicated that GHB and GBL were not associated with consistent alterations of the cytoplasmic redox state. PMID- 40678 TI - Net fluxes of electrolytes in the rat intestine infected with Moniliformis dubius (Acanthocephala). AB - The effect of Moniliformis dubius on fluxes of Na+, K+, Cl-, and HCO3-in the rat intestine was determined using a conventional in vivo single-pass perfusion technique. Results for ion and water movements in the uninfected gut were in agreement with previous studies. In the parasitized intestine the jejunal pH was significantly lower than that in control animals, matching the restriction of the parasites to this region of the small intestine. While parasitism did not affect Na+ transport in the distal ileum, Na+ absorption was reduced (pH 7.0), or secretion enhanced (pH 6.0), in the two proximal regions. Cl-absorption was reduced in the distal ileum, but secretion was enhanced in the other two segments. Parasitism also enhanced K+ secretion in all segments. Net H2O absorption was reduced at pH 7.0; at pH 7.0; at pH 6.0 net secretion was also reduced. These changes clearly indicate that a parasite restricted to the jejunum may significantly affect the absorptive and secretory activity of the intestine distal to the site of infection. The results are discussed in the light of current concepts of electrolyte transport. The effect of the parasites on mucosal function distal to their site of attachment is discussed in terms of the release by the parasite of toxin-like substances, changes in the physical-chemical characteristics of the intestinal lumen, and interference with neurohormonal control of gastrointestinal function. PMID- 40679 TI - Modification of intramuscular pH oscillations in the isolated perfused rat heart by different interventions. AB - Changes in the intramuscular pH oscillations were examined by the use of an antimony electrode upon perfusing the isolated rat heart under different experimental conditions. The pH oscillations were decreased upon perfusing the hearts with Na+- or Ca2+-free medium and increased upon perfusing with K+-free medium. Increasing the temperature of perfusion medium from 25 to 40 degrees C or omitting glucose from the perfusing medium decreased the magnitude of oscillations. On the other hand, complete interruption of the perfusion flow resulted in an increase in the amplitude of pH oscillation. An initial increase followed by a decrease in the pH oscillation was seen when hearts were perfused with medium containing lactic acid at pH 6.6. These results suggest that pH oscillations reflect fluctuations in myocardial metabolism. PMID- 40680 TI - Pharmacologic treatment of disorders of bladder and urethra: a review. AB - The use of pharmacologic agents in treating disorders of the bladder and proximal urethra has expanded because of new knowledge gained in the past few years. A better understanding of the properties of these organs as they relate to drugs has contributed to this expansion. The authors present their experience with a number of drugs in treating disorders of the detrusor muscle and proximal urethra, and they briefly review the literature. PMID- 40681 TI - Second international congress on child abuse. PMID- 40682 TI - Bethune: his times and his legacy. PMID- 40683 TI - Hemodynamic monitoring in the critically ill patient: overview of symposium. PMID- 40684 TI - Symposium on hemodynamic monitoring. Hemodynamic monitoring in the critically ill patient. PMID- 40685 TI - Opting-out issue main concern at PEI Medical Society annual meeting. PMID- 40686 TI - Incipient germ cell tumor in a cryptorchid testis. AB - A 13-year-old male who had bilateral cryptorchid testes since birth underwent testicular biopsies and subsequent left orchiectomy following a diagnosis of malignant germ cell tumor. No tumor mass was noted although the malignant cells were seen within the seminiferous tubules and the interstitium. Five recorded cases of in-situ or incipient germ cell neoplasms of the testes are reviewed; three were infertile, another had a cryptorchid testis, and the fifth was both infertile and cryptorchid. Two of these patients have developed frank carcinoma, which would suggest that the process represents an early phase of invasive germ cell neoplasia. PMID- 40687 TI - Fine-needle aspiration of the breast: diagnoses and pitfalls. A review of 3545 cases. AB - Fine-needle aspiration is now a recognized diagnostic tool. In the past eight years we have studied 3545 aspirates from the breast, including both cystic and solid masses. All were prepared according to the method of Papanicalaou. The cellular findings are described and discussed. Abnormal cells were found in the aspirates from 90% of the 368 malignancies. Reliable criteria for diagnosis are emphasized and diagnostic pitfalls discussed. Aspiration biopsy was helpful in the management of all patients with breast lesions. The method is rapid, accurate, and essentially complication-free. It should be used with the idea of complementing, not competing with, routine histologic biopsy. PMID- 40688 TI - A survey of psychotropic drug prescriptions in an oncology population. AB - The present study examined the prescription practices concerning psychotropic drugs in 5 major oncology centers over a 6 month period. During the survey period 1579 patients were admitted to the collaborating institutions, and 51% of them were prescribed at least one psychotropic medication. Hypnotics were the most frequently prescribed drugs, accounting for 48% of total prescriptions, followed by anti-psychotics at 26% and anti-anxiety agents at 25%. Anti-depressant drugs accounted for only 1% of psychotropic prescriptions. Analysis of prescription rationales revealed that 44% of the psychotropic prescriptions were written for sleep, while 25% were given for nausea and vomiting; approximately 17% were attributed to psychological distress, and 12% were associated with diagnostic medical procedures. The overall rate of prescription was approximately 2 psychotropic drugs per patient per admission, with only 2% of prescriptions resulting in chart-documented side effects. At the level of individual compounds, 3 distinct drugs accounted for 72% of total prescriptions--flurazepam (33%), prochlorperazine (21%), and diazepam (17%). PMID- 40689 TI - The reaction of the cancerostatic CCNU with the catalytic site of transglutaminase. AB - The experiments in this paper show for the first time that CCNU, a nitrosourea, inhibits transglutaminase (an enzyme believed to be involved in tissue proliferation) on account of its cyclohexyl-isocyanate moiety. PMID- 40690 TI - Health professionals learn more about latest in infant nutrition. PMID- 40691 TI - Effects of systemic acidification of mice with Sarcoma 180. AB - The effects of dietary-induced acidosis on the growth and rates of complete regression of Sarcoma 180 in mice have been studied. The experiments here reported have demonstrated that mineral acidification of laboratory food produces a late decrease in tumor growth and significantly increases the rates of complete tumor regression. Blood acid-base studies also demonstrate the effects of these diets in altering the acid-base balance, and seemingly, this is independent of starvation and/or ketosis. The relationships of such in vivo acid-base metabolic changes to the control of tumor metabolism are briefly discussed. A therapeutic potential for this preliminary approach is considered. PMID- 40692 TI - Growth characteristics and enzyme activities in a survey of transformation markers in adult rat liver epithelial-like cell cultures. PMID- 40693 TI - Characterization of an established cell line from human renal carcinoma. AB - A cell line, designated as OUR-10, has been established from a renal carcinoma in a Japanese woman. This cell line forms monolayers of polygonal epithelial cells with scattered round or dendritic cells and exhibits multilayering. With electron microscopy, differentiated surface structures that resemble the microvilli characteristic of renal carcinomas can be seen even at the 60th transfer. The cells have a hypodiploid karyotype with modal numbers of 39 and 40. No marker chromosomes were seen, but definite nonrandom loss of three chromosomes in Group D and one in Group E were recognized. The doubling time was estimated as approximately 32 hr in exponentially growing cultures, and the cells formed colonies in soft agar with an average efficiency of 25%. Heterotransplantation into the cheek pouch of immunosuppressed hamsters produced tumors that were histologically similar to the original cancerous tissue. The electrophoretic mobility of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase extracted from the cells coincided with that of a novel isozyme found in human renal carcinoma tissue, and the genetic phenotype of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was proved to be the B phenotype. The antigenic structure of HLA was determined as HLA-A2, 11; B5, 40, which was the same as that of peripheral blood lymphocytes of the woman with renal carcinoma. PMID- 40694 TI - Binding characteristics of a major protein in rat ventral prostate cytosol that interacts with estramustine, a nitrogen mustard derivative of 17 beta-estradiol. AB - The tissue distribution of [3H]estramustine, the dephosphorylated metabolite of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt), in the male rat was compared to that of [3H]estradiol 30 min and 2 hr following i.p. administration. In contrast to estradiol, estramustine was found to be efficiently concentrated in the ventral prostate gland by a soluble protein. The binding characteristics of this protein were studied in vitro using cytosol preparations of the gland. With a dextran coated charcoal technique, the protein was found to bind estramustine with a broad pH optimum between pH 7 and pH 8.5, with an apparent Kd of 10 to 30 nM, and with a binding capacity of about 5 nmol/mg cytosol protein. The estramustine/protein complex was not retained by DNA-cellulose. None of the natural steroids tested inhibited the binding of 10 nM [3H]estramustine by more than 35% (progesterone), even when added in 4500-fold excess. The presence of a nitrogen mustard moiety at position 3 of the steroid was necessary for high affinity binding to the protein. The protein was calculated to constitute about 20% of the total cytosol protein content. PMID- 40695 TI - Proceedings of the National Cancer Institute Conference on cis-platinum and testicular cancer, September 21-22, 1978, Washington, DC. PMID- 40696 TI - Proceedings of the Wellcome Foundation--British Association of Surgical Oncology. Symposium on Cancer Chemotherapy: New Potential for Established Drugs? London, England, 22-23 February, 1979. PMID- 40697 TI - Assessment of regional myocardial blood flow using the inert gas washout technique. PMID- 40698 TI - Distribution of the endocrine cells of the APUD series in the ultimobranchial bodies of fish. PMID- 40699 TI - [Successes and problems in the primary prevention of ischemia heart disease and hypertension. meeting of the European cardiology society group for epidemiology and prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Dublin, April 1979]. PMID- 40700 TI - Appearance of tyrosine hydroxylase, aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase during the ontogenesis of the adrenal medulla: an immunohistochemical study in the rat. AB - The cellular localization of the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase (or dopa decarboxylase, DDC), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in the adrenal medulla of adult rats and rat fetuses (14th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 21st day) was examined. In the prenatal stages the medullary blastema and an adjacent part of the primitive sympathetic trunk were also investigated. Tissues were fixed in ice-cold 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2). Cryostat sections (10 micron in thickness) were stained by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Rabbit antibodies to TH (isolated from human pheochromocytoma), DDC, DBH and PNMT (the latter three isolated from bovine adrenal medulla) were used. Sections incubated with serum of non-immunized rabbits were used as controls. In the adult adrenal medulla, two cell types can be distinguished. One cell type contains only TH, DDC and DBH. The other cell type contains PNMT in addition. It is concluded that these cells correspond to the noradrenaline-(NA-) and adrenaline- (A-)storing cells respectively. In all prenatal stages TH, DDC and DBH are found in the primitive sympathetic trunk, in the medullary blastema, and in the medullary cells which have migrated into the cortical "anlage". PNMT is observed for the first time on the 18th day. Moreover, PNMT could only be demonstrated inside the adrenal gland. From these observations it is concluded that the capacity to synthesize NA is developed even before the "medullary" cells have reached the cortical "anlage". On the contrary, the capacity to synthesize A seems to be acquired only after this contact is established. The hypothesis is put forward that this phenomenon might indicate the induction of PNMT by glucocorticoids secreted by the fetal cortex. PMID- 40701 TI - [Sterility and infertility. Selection of reports presented at the nationwide conference of Czech gynecologic and obstetric societies in Olomouc on 8 and 9 June 1978]. PMID- 40702 TI - Microsomal target proteins of metabolically activated aromatic hydrocarbons. AB - The specificity of binding to microsomal proteins of metabolically activated hydrocarbons has been studied. Radioactively labelled benzene, phenol, chlorobenzene, BP and MC were incubated with liver microsomes from control, phenobarbital- and MC-treated rats in the presence of an NADPH-generating system. The patterns of metabolite binding to microsomal proteins were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. Benzene, phenol and chlorobenzene metabolites showed one type of binding pattern dominated by a band at 72 000 Mr. This band was strong both in control and induced microsomes. Additional radioactive bands were seen in the 50 000--60 000 Mr region particularly in MC-induced microsomes. BP and MC metabolites showed a different type of binding pattern with incorporation of radioactivity into several fractions in the 50 000--60 000 Mr region of MC-induced microsomes. Two other strongly labelled fractions occurred at 68 000 and 72 000 Mr. The incorporation was low into control and phenobarbital-induced microsomes. Two labelled bands (Mr 56 000 and 72 000) were common for all hydrocarbons in MC induced microsomes. The 56 000 Mr band had the same mobility in the gel as an MC induced protein likely to be cytochrome P-448. The NADPH-generating system was essential for metabolite binding and GSH and UDPGA greatly reduced binding. We suggest that differences in metabolite binding patterns reflect differences in the routes of metabolite formation and that activated hydrocarbons are likely to bind to proteins close to their site of formation. PMID- 40703 TI - The interaction of aliphatic analogs of methylene-dioxyphenyl compounds with cytochromes P-450 and P-420. AB - The spectra resulting from the interaction of a series of substituted dioxolanes with microsomal cytochromes P-450 or P-420, as well as purified cytochrome P-450, were measured. With the exception of dioxolane, 4-methyldioxolane and 4 ethyldioxolane, these compounds interacted with ferric cytochrome P-450 to give complexes exhibiting type I optical difference spectra, and, after incubation with NADPH, spectra with peaks at about 430 nm. These complexes, as well as those formed from dioxolanes in the presence of cumene hydroperoxide, inhibit the binding of CO to the cytochrome. Consideration of the known chemistry of dioxolanes, together with recent advances in the understanding of double Soret spectra, lead to a possible explanation for the differences between the spectra of dioxolanes and their aromatic analogs, the methylenedioxyphenyl compounds. PMID- 40704 TI - [Meeting of 11 October 1978, dedicated to the memory of Professor Robert Deschiens (professor and honorary department head at the Pasteur Institute, member of the National Academy of Medicine, and Secretary General of the Society of Exotic Diseases)]. PMID- 40705 TI - [Can blockade of presynaptic adrenergic beta receptors explain the antihypertensive effects of propranolol?]. AB - Pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine abolished the antihypertensive effects of intravenously and intracisternally administered dl-propranolol in dogs with acute neurogenic hypertension. These results show that the anti-hypertensive action of this drug is dependant on the integrity of central catecholaminergic neurones and suggest an action on presynaptic beta-adrenoceptors. PMID- 40706 TI - The International Symposium on the Clinical and Pharmacological Effects of the Daunorubicin-DNA Complex. Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden, March 17, 1978. Proceedings. PMID- 40707 TI - The effect of methylprednisolone on hepatic oxygen supply and plasma lactate and glucose in endotoxemia. AB - This study was designed to determine the effect of methylprednisolone on the profile of hepatic oxygen supply and selected blood parameters in fasted, male rats administered an LD85 dosage of E coli endotoxin intraperitoneally. Mortality rates within 24 hours were 85% in rats receiving endotoxin only, 9% in rats receiving a 30 mg/kg dosage of methylprednisolone intraarterially one hour subsequent to endotoxin insult, and 0% in methylprednisolone controls. Beginning with the fourth hour, untreated endotoxin rats had significantly higher heart rates and lower plasma glucose; by the sixth or eighth hour there was significantly greater hypocapnia, lower blood pH, and higher plasma lactate levels in comparison to endotoxic rats receiving methylprednisolone. In addition, mean hepatic pO2 between the sixth and seventh hours was 2.6 mm Hg in endotoxic rats, 10.6 mm Hg in endotoxic methylprednisolone rats, and 17.7 mm Hg in methylprednisolone controls. Methylprednisolone controls showed a steady increase of plasma glucose levels through eight hours but were otherwise stable. Maintenance of hepatic circulation is cited as the probable basis for differences of morbidity and mortality between treated and glucocorticoid-treated endotoxic rats. PMID- 40708 TI - Response of the systemic and pulmonary circulation to alpha- and beta-receptor blockade (labetalol) at rest and during exercise in hypertensive patients. PMID- 40709 TI - A controlled study on the preventive effect of ketotifen, an antiallergic agent, on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatics. AB - We studied the preventive effect of ketotifen, an oral drug with antianaphylactic and antihistaminic properties on methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in controlled cross-over experiments in twenty-six adult patients with extrinsic asthma. Both a single dose of 1 mg ketotifen and 4 weeks treatment of ketotifen, 1 mg twice daily, failed to reduce the methacholine-induced drop in peak expiratory flow. The spirometric findings remained unchanged during ketotifen treatment. There was no difference between treatments with ketotifen and placebo with regard to the patients assessment of the severity of asthma or airway sensitivity to tobacco smoke, fumes or dusts, or exercise. The results suggest that treatment during 4 weeks with ketotifen does not reduce unspecific broncial hyperreactivity in patients with extrinsic asthma. PMID- 40710 TI - Improved method for accurate quantitation of total and conjugated bilirubin in serum. PMID- 40711 TI - Improvements in and clinical utility of a continuous-flow method for routine measurement of dialyzable (ultrafiltrable) calcium. AB - We describe modifications to the original continuous-flow procedure for dialyzable calcium (Clin. Chem. 23: 1258, 1977) needed to make the method more suitable for routine clinical laboratory use. The modifications simplify the continuous-flow (AutoAnalyzer) manifold, decrease baseline noise, increase the sensitivity, and permit use of a less-expensive fluorometer. Bias due to variation in serum processing is minimized by use of serum samples minimally exposed to air and a pH 7.40 buffer in place of the routinely processed sera and pH 7.30 buffer used formerly. Day-to-day precision (CV) during the past year for samples that included three different lots of quality-control sera was 2 to 3%. The analysis requires 200 micro L of serum, collected with minor additional precautions. We find that dialyzable calcium can be dependably measured in the routine service laboratory and show how this information is clinically more useful than is information on total calcium in serum. PMID- 40712 TI - Temperature coefficient for pH of various control materials. PMID- 40713 TI - Determination of lysosomal enzymes in saliva. Confirmation of the diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy and fucosidosis by enzyme analysis. AB - This paper deals with the measurement of acid hydrolases in uncentrifuged and centrifuged saliva of normal controls and the determination of some of their physical characteristics such as pH optimum, thermal stability, and residual activity after freezing and storage. From this study it appears that beta-D glucosidase sediments totally, whereas the other enzymes show varying residual activity in the supernatant after centrifugation. In the saliva from 2 patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy and 2 patients with fucosidosis a deficiency of arylsulphatase A and alpha-L-fucosidase, respectively, was found. PMID- 40714 TI - Carboxypeptidase B activity of cultured skin fibroblasts and relationship to cystic fibrosis. AB - Enzyme activity against hippuryl-L-arginine was studied in cultured skin fibroblasts from controls and cystic fibrosis patients. The enzyme had a lysosomal distribution and an acid optimum of pH 4.5 with little or no activity present above pH 7.0. Dithiothreitol was required for full activity and the kinetics of thiol activation were different for the control and cystic fibrosis enzyme. The properties and lysosomal distribution of the enzyme indicated that it was a carboxypeptidase B. Substrate affinity, thermolability, pH stability, the fall and rise in activity with subculture, the cyclical pattern of activity through serial passage and the level of activity were similar for the control and cystic fibrosis enzyme. PMID- 40715 TI - Human erythrocyte thiol methyltransferase: radiochemical microassay and biochemical properties. AB - A radiochemical microassay for the measurement of thiol methyltransferase (TMT) activity in human red blood cell (RBC) membranes has been developed. Both 2 mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol were used as substrates for the enzyme. The pH optimum of the reaction was approximately 9.0 when glycine NaOH was used as a buffer. The apparent Michaelis-Menten (KM) value for the methyl donor for the reaction, S-adenosyl-L-methionine, was 43 mumol/l. Human RBC TMT activity was neither activated nor inhibited by Ca2+, Mg2+, or tropolone, but the enzyme was inhibited by SKF 525A and by reagents that react with sulfhydryl groups. The mean TMT activity in blood from 289 randomly selected adult white subjects was 10.93 +/- 3.22 units per mg protein (mean +/- S.D.). The activity was the same in samples from men and women. The results of experiments in which TMT activity was measured in mextures of RBC membranes with relatively "low" and relatively "high" activities provided no evidence that individual variations in the enzyme activity were due to variations in endogenous TMT activators or inhibitors. PMID- 40716 TI - Studies in metachromatic leukodystrophy. XIV. Purification and subunit structure of human liver arylsulfatase A. AB - Arylsulfatase A was purified to apparent homogeneity from normal human livers obtained at autopsy. According to gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, purified arylsulfatase A consistently contained two subunits of slightly different sizes: approximately 69 000 and 57 000 daltons, but were not present in stoichiometrically equal amounts. Peptide maps of the entire enzyme and of the two individual subunits showed that the two polypeptides share similar if not identical sequences. These observations raise the possibility that the smaller polypeptide might be derived from the larger one. The sensitive peptide mapping procedures employed will make feasible future studies with the abnormal enzyme found in metachromatic leukodystrophy. PMID- 40717 TI - International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. Committee on Standards. Expert Panel on Proteins. The human serum standard IFCC 74/1. PMID- 40718 TI - Erythrocyte glucose metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - We compared glucose metabolism by erythrocytes from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and by erythrocytes from control individuals. There was a significant decrease in the rate of lactate production at pH 7.2 in the dystrophic group. When the pH of the incubation medium was changed to 8.0, we found that the increase in the rate of lactate production for the dystrophic group was significantly larger. We measured the concentrations of key glycolytic metabolites and adenine nucleotides and determined the values of the energy charge during these incubations. We also determined the concentrations of polyol pathway intermediates, the activities of the oxidative portion of the pentose phosphate pathway and the activities and kinetics of phosphofructokinase from both cell groups. There were no significant differences between groups for any of these variables. PMID- 40719 TI - An automated continuous flow procedure for the determination of enterokinase. AB - A continuous flow method has been developed for the automatic determination of enterokinase in rat small intesstine mucosa and/or luminal content. Trypsinogen was first hydrolysed by enterokinase under conditions which minimize autocatalytic activation. L-benzoyl-arginine paranitroanilide was then added and split to paranitroaniline by the trypsin so formed. Liberated paranitroalinine was diazotized and converted by the Bratton-Marshall reagent (N-naphthyl ethylene diamine) to an azodye, with maximum absorption at 550 nm. This method of determination was found to be six times more sensitive than the direct p nitroaniline determination method. 36 determinations can be made hourly. PMID- 40720 TI - A fluorimetric assay of the phosphoribosylation of 6-mercaptopurine in human blood cells. AB - A new fluorimetric method to assay HGPRT (hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, EC 2.4.2.8) from human red cell lysates using 6MP (6-mercaptopurine) as substrate is described. This assay is compared with an existing spectrophotometric method using hypoxanthine as substrate. Precision, sensitivity limits and kinetic differences of these assays are reported. PMID- 40721 TI - Monoclonal IgG1 immunoglobulinaemia with strictly pH dependent cryoprecipitability. AB - A monoclonal IgG1 lambda protein with peculiar cryoprecipitable characteristics was found in the serum of a patient with advanced multiple myeloma. The cryoprecipitate was observed only when the serum was exposed to the air. Further studies defined this phenomenon as being strictly pH-dependent. No antiglobulin activity (rheumatoid factor) was detected in the cryoglobulin. The isoelctric focussing of isolated cryoglobulin showed four distinct fractions around the pH 7.8 zone, which was comparable to the pH at which the cryoprecipitate began to form. Electrostatic bonds probably contribute to the mechanism involved in the formation of cryoprecipitate in this case. PMID- 40722 TI - Effects of extracellular potassium on the pressure response to noradrenaline in the perfused hindquarters of the rat. AB - 1. The hindquarters of the rat were perfused with oxygenated Tyrode-Ficoll solution at constant flow and the blood pressure in the caudal artery was measured. All experiments were started with the resistance vessels maximally dilated (arterial pressure 20 mmHg). 2. Variations in the extracellular potassium concentration (from 0.5 mmol/l to 22 mmol/l) had no direct effect on the arterial pressure. 3. Noradrenaline in the range 1.6-17 mumol/l increased the arterial pressure in a dose-dependent manner at all potassium concentrations. 4. Variations in the potassium concentration within the physiological range did not affect the dose-dependent responses to noradrenaline. PMID- 40723 TI - I. International Conference on Systolic Time Intervals. Graz, Austria--August 31 September 3, 1978. PMID- 40724 TI - Monitoring the fetus using fetal acid base status. PMID- 40725 TI - Kinetics of pamatolol, a cardioselective beta adrenoreceptor blocker. AB - The systemic bioavailability, elimination half-life (t1/2), and plasma concentration--response relationships of pamatolol, a relatively cardioselective beta adrenoceptor blocker, have been measured in healthy subjects. Pamatolol is rapidly and completely absorbed after oral dosing. Elimination t1/2 ranged from 2.9 to 4.6 hr after oral doses and from 2.2 to 5.6 hr after intravenous doses. There was a clear relationship between log plasma pamatolol concentration and sympathetic blockade assessed by reduction of exercise heart rate. Concentration response curves were essentially identical after oral and intravenous doses. There is no evidence of a first-pass effect, nor is there any evidence of metabolite activity. PMID- 40726 TI - Sex and drugs. PMID- 40727 TI - Pneumococcal pneumonia: diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. PMID- 40728 TI - A comparison between a new antipsychotic screening technique (shelf jump avoidance) and a classical discriminative avoidance paradigm. PMID- 40729 TI - The effect of furosemide on renal function and renin in water snakes. PMID- 40730 TI - Uptake and metabolism of lead and cadmium in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). PMID- 40731 TI - Serotonin uptake in schistosomules of Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 40732 TI - Effect of dietary Mirex and PCB's on hepatosomatic index, liver lipid, carcass lipid and PCB and Mirex bioaccumulation in yearling coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch. PMID- 40733 TI - Evidence that the desert rodent, Notomys alexis, exhibits a slow rate of excretion of lipophilic compounds. PMID- 40734 TI - Metabolism of naphthalene by pigeon liver microsomes. PMID- 40735 TI - Zinc in the gills of the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula L.) related to experimental aquatic zinc pollution. PMID- 40736 TI - Antagonistic effects of synthetic alpha adrenoceptor agonists on isolated artery strips from the cod, Gadus morhua. PMID- 40737 TI - Ramped voltage clamp study of the action of acetylcholine on three types of neurons in the snail (Helix aspersa) brain. PMID- 40738 TI - Isolation, purification and molecular properties of an acetylcholinesterase (e.c. 3.1.1.7) from the haemolymph of the sea mussel Mytilus edulis. PMID- 40739 TI - Maturation- and species-related differences in inotropic response to isoproterenol. PMID- 40740 TI - Regulation of pineal rhythms in chickens: N-acetyltransferase activity in homogenates. PMID- 40741 TI - Effects of prolonged exposure to ammonia on the blood and liver glycogen of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). PMID- 40742 TI - Daily rhythms of serotonin and N-acetyltransferase in chicks. PMID- 40743 TI - Naphthalene-induced crayfish muscle membrane hyperpolarization. PMID- 40744 TI - Transmitter mobilization in Helix pomatia: the effect of ion-substitutions. PMID- 40745 TI - Brain TRH, monoamines, tyrosine hydoxylase, and tryptophan hydroxylase in the woodchuck, Maromota monax, during the hibernation season. PMID- 40746 TI - Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and total proteolytic activity in the liver of Salmo gairdneri: effects of ph and ammonia. PMID- 40747 TI - Sensitive radioassay of microsomal O-demethylation of 14CH3O- or C3H3O-p nitroanisole for comparative studies. PMID- 40748 TI - Autonomic nervous tone and regulation of heart rate in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. PMID- 40749 TI - Interaction of divalent cations and barbiturates on four identified leech neurons. PMID- 40750 TI - Effects of leech Retzius cells on body wall muscles. PMID- 40751 TI - Daily variation of, photoperiod and pinealectomy effects on, hypothalamic monoamine oxidase activity in the goldfish. PMID- 40752 TI - The effect of heparin concentration on certain blood parameters of the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson. PMID- 40753 TI - Effects of extrinsic nerve stimulation on the stomach of the flathead, Platychephalus bassensis Cuvier and Valenciennes. PMID- 40754 TI - Microsomal drug hydroxylase activity of Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 40755 TI - Alpha- and beta-receptor blocking drugs in the treatment of hypertension. AB - The wide variety of antihypertensive agents now available allows considerable flexibility in the pharmacologic management of hypertension. The newly available alpha- and beta-adrenergic blocking agents have added considerably to this flexibility. Their safety and efficacy insure that they will find increasing use in the treatment of hypertension. The new postsynaptic alpha-receptor blocker prazosin, is generally free of the side effects that precluded the use of alpha blockers which affected both pre- and postsynaptic receptors. Is is moderately effective and, excepting the problem of "first-dose" hypotension, it is usually well tolerated. Labetalol, a compound possessing both alpha- and beta-receptor blocking properties, has been found to be effective both as an oral therapy for chronic hypertension and as an intravenous agent in treating hypertensive crisis. Further experience with labetolol will determine its safety and efficacy for the long-term management of hypertension. Although the usefulness of beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents in hypertension is unquestionable, the mechanism by which they lower the blood pressure remains in question. Most of our experience has been with propranolol, but other beta-blockers, now used in England and Europe, are likely to become available in the United States. As of January, 1979 only metoprolol has been added to propranolol as approved beta-blockers for the treatment of hypertension. General guidelines for the use of propranolol are given in Table 6. Metoprolol will likely find increasing use since it seems to work as well as propranolol and probably causes fewer side effects. Nevertheless, the experiences with one beta-blocker, both good and bad, cannot be interpolated to another beta-blocker since there are obvious and subtle differences in their actions. Patients doing well on propranolol therapy should continue to receive that drug; patients being started on a beta-blocker therapy can be given the choice of metoprolol and, in the near future, other beta-blockers as well. Beyond their efficacy and freedom from side effects in about 80% of patients, beta blockers may offer a special advantage in protecting from coronary heart disease. Such protection has been suggested in limited trials but needs further documentation. In the meantime, the known advantages of beta-blockers ensure their increasing use in the treatment of hypertension. Regardless of which alpha- or beta-blocker is chosen, a diuretic should be used concomitantly to enhance and preserve the effectiveness of the adrenergic blocker. PMID- 40756 TI - Tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 40757 TI - European Pancreatic Club. 12th Meeting, Copenhagen, Denmark, 11-13 October, 1979. PMID- 40758 TI - XIV International Conference of the International Society for Chronobiology, Hannover, 8-12 July, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 40759 TI - A rare cause of ischemic colitis: polyarteritis nodosa. AB - This paper details the first case report of a patient with fulminant, gangrenous, ischemic colitis caused by polyarteritis nodosa which was successfully treated surgically. Ischemic colitis is a rare complication of polyarteritis nodosa. It should be suspected in patients with a past history of polyarteritis nodosa who develop abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. The identification of cutaneous lesions preoperatively and or mesenteric or serosal vascular beading at operation are helpful in establishing this diagnosis. Prognosis is generally determined by the extent of systemic involvement by polyarteritis nodosa, and death is generally associated with renal failure. PMID- 40760 TI - Hepatic estrone and estradiol glucuronyltransferase activity in pregnancy. Induction by pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital. AB - Hepatic microsomal estrone and estradiol glucuronyltransferase activity were examined in nonpregnant female and pregnant rats and rabbits. Pregnancy decreased glucuronyltransferase activity towards both substrates by 30% in rats and rabbits when activity was expressed per mg of microsomal protein. Because of the increased size of the liver in pregnancy in the rat, activity was increased in this species when expressed per whole liver. The size of the liver was not increased in pregnancy in the rabbit, so that activity per whole liver was also decreased in this species. Pretreatment of nonpregnant rats with 3 methylcholanthrene had little effect on estradiol glucuronyltransferase activity and increased estrone glucuronyltransferase activity 35%. Similar pretreatment of pregnant rats, however, increased estradiol glucuronyltransferase activity approximately twofold and estrone glucuronyltransferase activity approximately threefold. Phenobarbital was a much less potent inducer of estrone and estradiol glucuronyltransferase activities but did increase activities to a greater extent in pregnant rats than in nonpregnant female controls. PMID- 40761 TI - Stimulation of hepatic and renal mixed-function oxidase in developing rats by polybrominated biphenyls. PMID- 40762 TI - Effects of isoniazid treatment on selected hepatic mixed-function oxidases. AB - The hepatic microsomal content of cytochromes P-450 and b5, the defluorination rates of four volatile fluorinated ether anesthetics, and the activities of selected mixed-function oxidases were compared following administration of either isoniazid, phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone, or saline to male Fischer 344 rats. Isoniazid treatment significantly increased the rate of metabolism of p nitroanisole, ethoxyresorufin, aniline, methoxyflurane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, significantly decreased the rate of metabolism of aminopyrine, and did not alter the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase or the microsomal contents of cytochromes b5 and P-450 per mg of microsomal protein. The pattern of catalytic activities associated with isoniazid induction did not resemble that of either phenobarbital or beta-naphthoflavone induction. Furthermore, isoniazid treatment resulted in a shift in the (reduced cytochrome P-450 plus CO) absorption maximum from 450 to 451 nm. This shift in absorption, coupled with the observation that the total microsomal cytochrome P-450 content is not elevated, suggests that there is an increased production of one species of cytochrome P 450. The great enhancement of enflurane defluorination following isoniazid treatment was of particular interest because other enzyme-inducing agents, including phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, phenytoin, and beta naphthoflavone, have not been found to increase enflurane defluorination to a clinically significant level. PMID- 40763 TI - Effect of nitrite on rabbit liver mixed-function oxidase activity. PMID- 40764 TI - Strain differences in adrenal xenobiotic metabolism in guinea pigs. AB - Studies were carried out to compare adrenal and hepatic xenobiotic metabolism in various strains of guinea pigs. In all strains studied (Hartley, English Short Hair, NIH, Strain 2, Strain 13), microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 levels and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities were greater in adrenals than livers. Neither adrenal values nor hepatic values for these parameters differed across strains. Ethylmorphine (EM) demethylase and benzo[a]pyrene (BP) hydroxylase activities were also greater in adrenals than livers in all strains. However, the rates of adrenal xenobiotic metabolism were far greater in the highly inbred Strain 2 and Strain 13 guinea pigs than in other strains. In contrast, hepatic metabolism of EM and BP was not strain-dependent. Adrenal steroid 21-hydroxylase activity was also similar in all strains. The results indicate that strain is an important determinant of adrenal but not hepatic xenobiotic metabolism in the guinea pig. In addition, genetic control of adrenal microsomal drug and steroid metabolism appear to be independent of one another. PMID- 40765 TI - Rodent models of the human isoniazid-acetylator polymorphism. AB - Inbred strains and subpopulations of rats, laboratory mice, and deer mice were examined for individual variation in the ability to metabolize several arylamines (p-aminobenzoic acid, sulfamethazine, aniline, alpha-naphthylamine, and aminofluorene) by N-acetylation. Individual differences within species were found to be dependent upon the tissue source of N-acetyltransferase activity and the acetyl acceptor employed. Long-Evans rats possessed about 2-fold more p aminobenzoic acid N-acetyltransferase activity in blood and liver than Sprague Dawley rats; no strain differences could be found with sulfamethazine. Nine strains of laboratory mice (Mus musculus) were found to have considerable liver p aminobenzoic acid N-acetyltransferase activity but only slight activity towards sulfamethazine. No strain differences were apparent in regard to liver N acetyltransferase activity. Blood p-aminobenzoic acid N-acetyltransferase activity was distinctly polymorphic in laboratory mice; of the nine strains tested, only A/J mice did not have this activity. Partially inbred deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) showed a narrower phenotypic range than random-bred stock from which they were obtained, which suggests the existence of distinct subpopulations with respect to N-acetylation capacity. Presumptive evidence for multiple forms of N-acetyltransferase in liver and blood was obtained through a study of substrate specificity. PMID- 40766 TI - Metabolism of digitoxin in the isolated perfused rat liver. Effect of spironolactone pretreatment. AB - Livers from either control or spironolactone-treated rats were perfused for a 90 min period with 30% rat blood and 3H-digitoxin. At several time periods throughout perfusation, bile was collected and a sample of blood was removed from the perfusate. Extractions were performed on both blood and bile to determine amount of polar and nonpolar metabolites at 60 min. Polar metabolites were cleaved with beta-glucuronidase and high-pressure liquid chromatography was used to separate the resultant nonpolar metabolites from blood and bile cleaved with beta-glucuronidase. Biliary excretion and perfusate disappearance of 3H-digitoxin were significantly increased in livers taken from spironolactone-pretreated animals. Both polar and nonpolar metabolites in bile were significantly increased in pretreated animals. The majority of polar metabolites produced by livers from both treated and nontreated animals were readily cleaved with beta-glucuronidase. Both biliary excretion and metabolic pattern, obtained from these studies in an isolated perfused rat liver, mimic those seen in the intact rat. Thus, the isolated perfused rat liver can be used as a model for in vivo studies of cardiac glycoside metabolism. PMID- 40767 TI - Oxidation and binding of [2-(14)C]propylthiouracil in human polymorhonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 40768 TI - Multiplicity of testosterone hydroxylases in a reconstituted hepatic cytochrome P 450 system from uninduced male rats. PMID- 40769 TI - Production of a dimer of 2-acetylaminofluorene during the sulfation of N-hydroxy 2-acetylaminofluorene in vitro. AB - During the sulfation of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (NOH-2AAF) by rat liver 100,000 g supernatant fraction in vitro, an unidentified metabolite is produced which accounts for 22% of the N-OH-2AAF metabolized. This product has been characterized as the 2AAF dimer, 1-(N-2'-fluorenylacetamido-2 acetylaminofluorene) by comparing its TLC, HPLC, UV, and mass spectral properties with a synthetic standard which was prepared from the reaction of N-acetoxy-2 acetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-2AAF) with 2AAF. Increasing amounts of 2AAF added to the incubation mixture of N-OH-[acetyl-14C]2AAF and rat liver 100,000 g supernatant fraction decreased the irreversible binding of 14C to protein, and increased the formation of 2AAF dimer proportionately. This suggests that the 2AAF dimer is formed from the reaction of 2AAF and the electrophilic species produced from the sulfated N-OH-2AAF. In the presence of the 9,000 g fraction of rat liver, the dimer of 2AAF was aroximately 1/25 as active as 2AAF in producing mutations in the Salmonella mutagenesis test system. PMID- 40770 TI - Aldrin epoxidation, a highly sensitive indicator specific for cytochrome P-450 dependent mono-oxygenase activities. AB - Aldrin epoxidation was studied in rat liver microsomes. The assay is very sensitive; amounts of less than 1 microgram of microsomal protein were sufficient for activity determination. The very low background, stability of the metabolite, and the complete separation of substrate and metabolite permit estimation of mono oxygenase activities of less than 1 pmol per mg of protein per min by a simple procedure. Pretreatment of animals with the mono-oxygenase inducer phenobarbital (PB) increased the epoxidation rate 3-fold, whereas 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) treatment markedly depressed enzyme activity. Induction with MC did not change the apparent Km of the reaction, which was 18 muM. The Km in microsomes from PB treated animals was 28 muM. These data suggest that the same or (a) similar form(s) of mono-oxygenase catalyze(s) the epoxidation in the three different microsomal preparations. SKF 525-A, metyrapone, and 7,8-benzoflavone were almost similarly active as inhibitors in microsomes from control and inducer-treated rats. Sensitivity to these inhibitors was low; 0.7 mM SKF 525-A and 0.4 mM 7,8 benzoflavone were necessary to reduce enzyme activity by 50%, whereas 0.5 mM metyrapone caused an inhibition of 10-45%. The activity of aldrin epoxidation in untreated rats increased almost parallel to the activity of ethylmorphine demethylation between 3 and 10 weeks of age. The rate of benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation remained unchanged during this period. The results demonstrate that aldrin epoxidation offers a selective and sensitive assay for the activity of mono-oxygenases dependent on cytochrome P-450 forms. PMID- 40771 TI - Role of enterohepatic circulation in the analgesic action of 1-alpha acetylmethadol in the rat. AB - The enterohepatic circulation of 1-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) was investigated in the rat. Bile containing 3H-LAAM metabolites was collected from a biliary cannulated donor rat after administration of 3H-LAAM (5 mg/kg, 15 muCi/kg, sc) and infused into the intestine of a double biliary-cannulated recipient rat for 1 hr, and tritium excreted into the bile of the recipient rat was monitored. Within 1 hr after the end of infusion significant radioactivity was found in the bile of the recipient rat and by 10 hr 50% of the infused dose of 3H had been re-excreted into bile. The contribution of enterohepatic circulation of LAAM metabolites to the analgesic action of LAAM was also assessed. Pretreatment of rats with neomycin sulfate was used as a method of decreasing enterohepatic circulation of biliary glucuronide conjugates of LAAM metabolites, and such pretreatment had no effect on LAAM analgesia (6 mg/kg) measured by the hot-plate method. In rats with a biliary fistula, a situation in which enterohepatic circulation was completely eliminated, the analgesic response to a dose of LAAM (6 mg/kg, sc) was not different from sham-operated control group. The above findings indicate that enterohepatic circulation of LAAM metabolites does not contribute to the intensity or duration of LAAM analgesia. PMID- 40772 TI - Radioimmunoassay determination of the absolute oral bioavailabilities and O demethylation of codeine and hydrocodone in the dog. PMID- 40773 TI - Metabolic fate of phenobarbital in man. N-Glucoside formation. AB - 1-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyl)phenobarbital was identified as the major metabolite of phenobarbital in man. Proof of structure was based on the comparison of the UV, NMR, and mass spectrometry and TLC data for the acetylated metabolite with an authentic compound. The previous erroneous structure assignment of this metabolite as N-hydroxyphenobarbital was based on insufficient data. After oral administration of 14C-labeled phenobarbital to two healthy male subjects, most of the radioactivity (87 and 78% of the dose) was recovered in urine over a period of 16 days. The N-glucopyranoside, p-hydroxyphenobarbital, and unchanged phenobarbital accounted for 30 and 24%, 18 and 19%, and 33 and 25% of the dose, respectively. PMID- 40774 TI - Quantitative and stereochemical aspects of glutethimide metabolism in humans. PMID- 40775 TI - The comparative metabolism and disposition of penfluridol-3H in the rat, rabbit, dog, and man. AB - Penfluridol, 1-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)butyl]-4-[4-chloro-3 (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-piperidinol, was well absorbed by the rat, rabbit, dog, and man after single oral doses of drug in solution. Penfluridol and its metabolites were widely distributed in tissues of male rats and cleared slowly. The terminal plasma t 1/2 for penfluridol was greater than 40 hr for the rabbit, 227 hr for the dog, and 199 hr for man. Fecal excretion of total radioactivity predominated in the rat, rabbit, and dog whereas in man excretion was evenly divided between urine and feces. The major biotransformation pathways of penfluridol in the rat, rabbit, dog, and man were oxidative N-dealkylation followed by beta-oxidation, conjugation of penfluridol, and conjugation of the acidic metabolites. PMID- 40776 TI - Physiological disposition and metabolism of 2-aminomethyl-4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6 iodophenol hydrochloride. AB - MK-447-(14)C [2-aminomethyl-4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-iodophenol hydrochloride] was well absorbed and metabolized in man, rats, and dogs. Peak plasma levels of radioactivity were observed in these species 1-2 hr after oral administration of 2 mg/kg to rats and dogs and 25 mg to man. At the peak, parent drug represented about 15% of the radioactivity in human plasma and only approximately 5% in rat and dog plasma. The half-life of the parent drug in human plasma was approximately 4 h. Human subjects excreted 96% of the dose, with 76% in the urine and 20% in the feces, in 3 days. Rats excreted 80% of an oral and 82% of an intravenous 2-mg/kg dose in 72 hr, with 66% in the urine and 12-16% in the feces. In dogs given a 2-mg/kg dose intravenously, the recovery of radioactivity in 72 hr was approximately 99%, with 85% in the urine and 14% in the feces. The major metabolite in rat and dog urine, constituting approximately 90% of the urine radioactivity, was the O-sulfate conjugate of MK-447. In man, this metabolite accounted for 17% of the radioactivity in the urine. The major metabolite in human urine, constituting approximately 73% of the urine radioactivity, was tentatively identified as the N-glucuronide of MK-447. Less than 1% of the radioactivity in the urine of the three species was in intact MK-447. PMID- 40777 TI - Metabolism of deflazacort in the rat, dog and man. AB - The metabolism of [2'-14C]deflazacort, (11 beta, 16 beta)-21-(acetoxyl)-11 hydroxy-2'-methyl-5'H-pregna-1, 4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione, orally given to rats, dogs, and humans, has been studied. From the urine of the three species and from rat bile and liver preparations, five main metabolites I-V have been isolated and their structures investigated by physicochemical analysis: 1,(5 beta,11 beta,16 beta)-11,21-dihydroxy-2'-methyl-5'H-pregn-1-eno[17,16-d]oxazole 3,20-dione; II, (11 beta,16 beta)-11,21-dihydroxy-2'-methyl-5'H-pregna-1,4 dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione; III, (6 beta,11 beta,16 beta)-6,11,21 trihydroxy-2'-methyl-5'H-pregna-1,4-dieno[17,16-d]oxazole-3,20-dione; IV, (3 epsilon,11 beta,16 beta)-3,11,21-trihydroxy-2'-methyl-5'H-pregn-5-eno[17,16 d]oxazol-20-one. Metabolites II and III are quantitatively the most important in the urine of the rat, dog, and man; metabolite V, whose structure is uncertain, has been found in human and rat urine. In the formation of metabolites I-V the fused 2-methyloxazoline ring is unmetabolized, whereas the steroid moiety follows the general metabolic pathways reported for other related corticosteroids. PMID- 40778 TI - Metabolites of feprazone in man. AB - Two male volunteers received 400 mg of nonlabeled feprazone, 1,2-diphenyl-3,5 dioxo-4-(3'-methyl-but-2'-enyl)pyrazolidine. Metabolites were extracted and isolated by chromatography on silica gel. Isolated metabolites were unchanged drug, E-1,2-diphenyl-3,5-dioxo-4-(3'-hydroxymethyl-but-2'-enyl)pyrazolidine, and feprazone (C4)-beta-glucuronide. Feprazone (C4)-beta-glucuronide was the main metabolite and it belongs to a novel type of conjugate, (C)-beta-glucuronide. PMID- 40779 TI - Pharmacokinetics of primidone in mice after acute and chronic administration. PMID- 40781 TI - Total radioactivity half-lives. PMID- 40780 TI - N-Desethyacecainide is a metabolite of procainamide in man; convenient method for the preparation of an N-dealkylated drug metabolite. PMID- 40782 TI - [Kawasaki syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - In a 2-year 4-month-old boy endarteritic changes and spindle-shaped aneurysmas of the coronary arteries were found as a complication of Kawasaki syndrome. The vascular alteration, probably immunopathologically based, must be differentiated as a primary endarteritic process from primary necrotising periateritis nodosa which also occurs in childhood. The fate of the affected children is determined by the complications of coronary artery changes which however occur only in 1--2% of affected persons. PMID- 40783 TI - [Acute therapy of uncomplicated myocardial infarct]. PMID- 40784 TI - Local anaesthetics and their current clinical use. PMID- 40785 TI - A neurophysiological analysis of the effects of hypercapnia on the embryonic spinal cord. AB - Progressive hypercapnia in the normal chick embryo late in incubation (14-19 days) is temporally associated with a gradual decline in motor activity and the corresponding frequency of polyneuronal (burst) activity in the spinal cord. We have studied the possible correlation between the increasing hypercapnia and the declining frequency of burst activity seen during these later stages of incubation by systematic manipulation of CO2 levels. Burst frequency was seen to decrease as a result of a 5-min exposure to different carbon dioxide environments at all ages studied. The magnitude of this inhibition and the ability to recover from consecutive bouts of hypercapnia (pulses) is pulse and age dependent. These short-term (less than 5.0 min) changes differ qualitatively from the long-term (greater than 2.5 h) effects of subsequent hypercapnic episodes. This evidence suggests a role for metabolic factors in the normal developmental changes in motility and electrophysiological activity in the chicken embryo spinal cord. PMID- 40786 TI - [Effect of beta-adrenergic drugs on humoral immune response factors]. AB - The authors examined the influence of beta-adrenergic stimulators Isoprenaline and Salbutamol as well as beta-adrenergic blockers Propranolol, Practolol and Pindolol on the proliferation of cells, forming plaques, 7S-immunoglobulins, hemagglutination titres and hemolytic activity of the complement. Primary stimulation with subsequent inhibition was induced by beta-adrenergic agonists and inhibition--by beta blocker Propronanol in a base of 10 mg/kg on the proliferation of cells, forming antibodies. The results were in correlation with hemagglutination titres. Salbutamol and beta-blockers inhibited immune hemolysis. The mechanisms of the observed effect are discussed in respect to the specific and nonspecific effect of the drugs used. PMID- 40788 TI - International Meeting on the Toxicity of Thorotrast and Other Alpha-emitting Heavy Elements. Lisbon, June 28-July 2, 1977. PMID- 40787 TI - [Antihistamine and antiserotonin action of 2 aminotetralin derivatives]. AB - The authors performs studies under the conditions of whole organism in vivo and on isolatid organs in vitro and examined antihistamine and antiserotonine activity of two derivatives of 2-aminotetraline, synthesized by D. Dancev and Iv. Ivanov, namely: N-(trans-e-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-2-naphtyl (-N-) 3-oxo-3 phenylpropyl) piperasine dichloride and N-(trans-3-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro 2-naphtyl (-N-) 3-oxo-3-3phenyl-2-methylpropyl (piperasine dichloride) indicated respectively as P10 and P11. The experiments on isolated ileum of a guinea pig showed that the compound P11 (in concentration of 1.10(-7), 1.10(-6), and 1.10( 5) gm/ml) and P11 (in concentration of 1.10(-6) and 1.10(-5) gm/ml) inhibited the spasomogenic effect of histamine (1.10(-8) and 1.10(-7) gm/ml) as better antihistaminev effect revealed P10. Both compounds inconcentrations of 1.10(-6) and 1.10(-5) gm/ml inhibited the spasmogenic effect of serotonine (1.10(-7) gm/ml), as more significant changes occurred under the influence of the compound P11. The compound P10, administered subcutaneously in a guinea pig in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight 30 minutes before the occurrence of histamine shock, prevented its development. The same compound inhibited also the development of enterocolitis in mice, induced by serotonine (in a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight). Both examined compounds inhibited the development of serotonine oedema of the hind paw of a rat as better effect showed the compound P11. The established facts are discussed. PMID- 40789 TI - Studies on isoamyalse formation in biological fluids. AB - Storage of human serum, saliva and duodenal secretion transformed amylase fractions on cellulose acetate membranes into more anionic forms. Incubation with lectins, proteases, glucosidases, neuraminidase and some effectors did not modify this conversion, which was promoted by rising temperature and pH values. Increasing concentrations of ammonium ions delayed the transformation of amylolytic fractions, thus indicating nonenzymatic deamidation as the reason for isoamylase development. A change of molecular weight could be excluded. PMID- 40790 TI - A fluorescamine-based sensitive method for the assay of proteinases, capable of detecting the initial cleavage steps of a protein. AB - The properties of the reaction of fluorescamine with proteins are the basis for the development of a sensitive, general and simple method for the assay of proteolytic activities. More importantly, the assay measures the initial step(s) of proteolytic attack, making it specially suitable for the examination of the controlling factors that regulate proteolytic degradation and/or the detection of 'specific' proteinases. The method allows the simple determination of the general parameters of enzyme action, V and Km, using proteins, i.e. the physiological substrates of the proteinases. The more appropriate proteins to be used as substrates are the N-amino-terminally blocked ones. Many proteins fulfill this requirement. If the particular protein whose degradation has to be studied lacks this modification, three different approaches can be used to study its degradation: (a) the accumulation of N-amino termini in excess over that of the intact substrate; (b) a gel filtration/continuous method and (c) the chemical blockage of its amino groups. The particular advantages of each of these approaches are discussed. PMID- 40791 TI - Reaction of rat hepatic glucokinase with substrate-related and other alkylating agents. PMID- 40792 TI - The binding of chloride ions to ligated and unligated human hemoglobin and its influence on the Bohr effect. AB - The contribution of the interaction of chloride ions with deoxy and oxyhemoglobin to the Bohr effect can be described by a simple binding model. Applying this model to experiment data reveals that at physiological pH and ionic strength about half of the release of Bohr protons is due to a difference in chloride ion binding to deoxy- and oxyhemoglobin. The chloride-independent part of the Bohr effect corresponds with the shift in pK which His-146 beta shows upon oxygenation. The proton absorptioon by hemoglobin observed upon oxygenation below pH 6 is apparently due to a chloride-ion-induced proton uptake, which is larger for oxyhemoglobin than for deoxyhemoglobin. The analysis of the experimental data indicates the existence of only two oxygen-linked chloride ion binding sites in both deoxy and oxyhemoglobin. In deoxyhemoglobin the binding sites most likely consist of Val-1 alpha of one chain and Arg-141 alpha of the partner chain. The sites in oxyhemoglobin consist of groups with a pK value in the neutral pH range; they do not contain lysyl or arginyl residues. PMID- 40793 TI - Determination by radioimmunoassay of the sum of oxidized and reduced forms of NAD and NADP in picomole quantities from the same acid extract. AB - The sum of the amounts of NAD + NADH was determined from the same acid tissue extract with the aid of a highly specific radioimmunoassay for 5'-AMP. NAD was converted to 5'-AMP via ADP-ribose by alkaline treatment while NADH was converted first to ADP-ribose by incubation of the acid extract at 25 degrees C followed by alkaline conversion to 5'-AMP. Removal of phosphate groups in NADP and NADPH by treatment of the extracts with alkaline phosphatase extended the procedure to the quantification of NADP(H). When combined with enzymic analyses of the oxidized coenzyme forms, NAD/NADH and NADP/NADPH ratios could also be obtained from the same extracts. The sensitivity of the test allows quantification of pyridine nucleotides in the range of 0.1--10 pmol. PMID- 40794 TI - Simple, fast preparation of gallium-68-labelled human serum albumin microspheres. AB - Following a study of the main factors involved in the 68-Ga labelling of human serum albumin microspheres (H.S.A.M.), especially methods of production and preparation of active solution and conditions of radioelement fixation on the protein support, the practical details of a fast technique (60 min) based on the process described by Hnatowich are presented. This method gives high labelling yields (93 +/- 3%), and after washing of the microspheres leads to a radiopharmaceutical product almost without free 68Ga (less than 2%). The spheres ready for use carry a total radioactivity corresponding to about 35%, including decay, of the activity originally recovered in the generator eluate and to more than 98% of that, found in the final suspension. The labelled product is sterile, non-pyrogenic and non-toxic. When it is injected in animals by left ventrical catheterization the uptake rates in the heart, lungs, spleen, left kidney and right kidney are similar to those observed with reference 85Sr-labelled carbonized microspheres. This radiopharmaceutical, easy to prepare and having excellent biological and nuclear properties, seems ideally suited for the scanning of organs by position emission tomoscintigraphy. PMID- 40796 TI - Proceedings of the Association of European Pediatric Cardiologists. XVIth Annual General Meeting, 9--12 May 1978, Budapest, Hungary. Abstracts. PMID- 40795 TI - Graft-versus-host reaction after blood transfusion in a patient with cellular immunodeficiency: the role of histocompatibility testing. AB - A patient with an inborn cellular immunodeficiency syndrome developed a graft versus-host reaction after a transfusion with packed red cells. This diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy and finally proved by tissue typing. PMID- 40797 TI - Blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline during single high-dose beta adrenoceptor blockade. AB - The acute effects upon blood pressure and sympathetic outflow of two beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs, propranolol and atenolol, are described in five healthy normotensive subjects. Supine blood pressure, heart rate, plasma noradrenaline, and urinary catecholamine excretion were measured before and at intervals for 24 h after a single oral dose of either propranolol 200 mg, atenolol 100 mg, or placebo. Propranolol caused a fall in blood pressure and heart rate of 17.2/14.1 mm Hg and 20.4 beats/min respectively two hours after dose. Atenolol caused a fall in blood pressure of 11.4/18.6 mm Hg within 7 h of the dose, and a fall in heart rate of 13.8 beats/min after 2 h. The reduction in blood pressure after single high dose beta adrenoceptor blockade is established. The synchronous reduction in blood pressure and heart rate after propranolol was not associated with an increase in peripheral sympathietic activity as assessed by the biochemical indices. It is conceivable that the reduction in blood pressure during beta adrenoceptor blockade may be due in part to inappropriately low sympathetic activity but this cannot be the main mechanism of pressure reduction. PMID- 40798 TI - Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on haemodynamic responses to dynamic and isometric exercise in angina pectoris. AB - The effect of treatment for 1--4 weeks with metoprolol, a beta 1-selective blocking agent, or alprenolol, on the heart rate and blood pressure response to isometric exercise was studied in two groups of 12 patients with angina. Measurements were made during the peak effect of metoprolol 10, 40 or 50 mg, and alprenolol 200 mg as Aptin Durules. After 1 min of sustained handgrip at 50% of maximal voluntary contraction, systolic (6--15%) and diastolic (8--12%) blood pressure after both drugs was significantly lower than without any beta-blockade; Heart rate was decreased by 19--22% by metroprolol but not by alprenolol. The blood pressure rise during handgrip was not attenuated by either drug. The rise in heart rate was significantly reduced (by 36--50%) by metoprolol 40 and 50 mg and alprenolol 200 mg. No patient experienced angina during handgrip. In contrast, all but one were restricted by angina during bycycle exercise without treatment, at a level that produced the same increase in heart rate as the handgrip test, vis. 3 min at a load of 33 W). The cardiovascular response to sustained handgrip is too small to provide a useful challenge for determinatin of the anti-anginal efficacy of drugs. However, slight ECG changes of ischaemia did occur during handgrip, which were reversed by beta-blockade. PMID- 40799 TI - Cyclobarbital as a test substance for oxidative drug metabolism in man. Findings in neuropsychiatric patients. PMID- 40800 TI - A preliminary study of the effects of prepeated doses of clobazam on aspects of performance, arousal and behaviour in a group of anxiety rated volunteers. AB - Repeated doses of a 1,5 benzodiazepine, clobazam, were administered to a group of consenting volunteers. Performance on a psychomotor performance task was not impaired by repeated doses of the drug. Subjective assessments of anxiety were reduced commensurate with an increase in the level of cortical integration, measured via critical flicker fusion thresholds, suggesting that the anxiolytic activity of the drug is related to its effect on arousal. Important differences were found between the responses of high and low anxiety subjects on objective measures of performance and arousal and on self-completion analogue rating scales. PMID- 40801 TI - Pharmacodynamic studies in man of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist DL 071 IT. AB - DL 071 IT, a new potent non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking drug with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity and weak membrane stabilizing activity, was evaluated alone and in comparison with oxprenolol, in six volunteers, at rest and during an exercise test. Heart rate and systolic pressure were monitored for up to 7 h after oral administration of the drugs. Exercise heart rate and systolic pressure were significantly reduced by both drugs, but only DL 071 IT caused a significant reduction in resting heart rate. As compared to oxprenolol, DL 071 IT has a longer duration of action and is from 5.0 to 13.5 times more potent. PMID- 40802 TI - Effect of alpha-adrenergic agonists and antagonists on neurotransmission in the rat anococcygeus muscle. PMID- 40803 TI - Do neuroleptics prevent the penetration of dopamine agonists into the brain? AB - A new, specific and highly sensitive method for the determination of apomorphine based on high performance liquid chromatography on a C18 reverse-phase column, coupled with electrochemical detection has been developed. The limit of detection of the assay is approximately 0.5 ng/sample (2 pmol). Haloperidol, cis flupenthixol, metoclopramide and reserpine prevented the accumulation of apomorphine equally in "dopaminergic" as well as in "non-dopaminergic" brain areas. The non-neuroleptic trans-isomer of flupenthixol was without effect. Suppression of the accumulation of the dopamine agonist 6,7-ADTN (administered as the prodrug dibenzoyl-6,7-ADTN) was seen after combined treatment with haloperidol or reserpine, whereas cis- and trans-flupenthixol were without effect. The results imply that certain behavioural, biochemical and neuropharmacological studies, based on apomorphine in combination with other drugs, may need reinterpretation. PMID- 40804 TI - Chronotropic effect of histamine on cultured neonatal rat heart cells. AB - The positive chronotropic effect (PCE) of histamine in cultured neonatal rat heart cells was monitored using a microscopic method as well as an electro optically recording device. The action potential frequency was also measured (by means of microelectrodes). An increase in PCE was noted when histamine (from 1 X 10(-6) M to 1 X 10(-5) M) was added to the cells. However, higher concentrations (from 1 X 10(-5) M to 1 X 10(-4) M) were less effective. The PCE of histamine was reduced by pretreating the cells with antihistaminic drugs. H1-blocking agents (promethazine and mepyramine) were more potent than H2-blocking drugs (metiamide and cimetidine). In addition, the PCE of histamine was abolished when the cells were in presence of high K+ medium (26 mEq) but contraction and action potential amplitudes were increased. Our results demonstrate that these cultures respond to histamine and that this response is abolished by antihistaminic drugs thus suggesting the H1 and/or H2 receptors may be present in the neonatal rat heart cell cultures. PMID- 40805 TI - Deoxyribonucleases in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. PMID- 40806 TI - Dexamethasone induces increased catecholamine biosynthesis in cultured neuroblastoma. PMID- 40807 TI - Fractionation of chromosomes. I. A methodological study on the use of partition in aqueous two-phase systems and multiple sedimentation. PMID- 40808 TI - Ibotenic acid-induced neuronal degeneration: a morphological and neurochemical study. AB - Possible neurotoxic actions of intracerebral injections of ibotenic acid, a conformationally restricted analogue of glutamic acid, have been evaluated in rat brain and compared with those of kainic acid. Light microscopical analysis revealed that ibotenic acid produced a marked disappearance of nerve cells in all areas studied, namely striatum, the hippocampal formation, substantia nigra and piriform cortex. Lesions in areas distant to the injection site were not seen. Axons of passage and nerve terminals of extrinsic origin did not seem to be damaged, since, e.g., no apparent degeneration of the dopaminergic terminals in the neostriatum was observed except for a small area surrounding the cannula. In the neostriatum, enkephalin immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies as well as nerve terminals disappeared after injection of ibotenic acid into this nucleus. After injection into the substantia nigra tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cell bodies in the zona compacta disappeared, whereas no certain effect could be seen on the enkephalin immunoreactive nerve fibers. In vitro experiments, conducted with striatal synaptosomal and membrane preparations, showed that ibotenic acid differed from kainic acid by being devoid of a significant inhibitory effect on high affinity glutamate uptake and by having a low affinity for 3H-kainic acid binding sites. Furthermore, ibotenic acid did not interfere with the binding of a number of radioligands for other transmitter receptors. As compared to kainic acid, ibotenic acid has the advantage of being less toxic to the animals and of producing more discrete lesions, possibly due to faster metabolism and/or other fundamental biochemical differences. Because of these special features, ibotenic acid seems to represent a valuable new tool in the morphological and functional analysis of central neuronal systems. PMID- 40809 TI - Conformation of ribonuclease S-protein. AB - Ribonuclease S-protein exhibits a pH-dependent conformational transition between folded and unfolded states, and some unfolded S-protein persists up to pH 8. The histidine C2 proton resonance of the unfolded species was erroneously assigned by Bradbury et al. to histidine residue 119 of the folded species. PMID- 40810 TI - The effect of proctolin on the adenylate and guanylate cyclases in the Locusta brain at various developmental stages. AB - Proctolin at concentrations 10(-8)-10(-7) M elevated by 40% brain adenylate cyclase activity of adult Locusta migratoria migratoriodes R.F. In moulting individuals, proctolin caused a decrease in brain adenylate cyclase activity, and it proved to be ineffective in the larvae. Proctolin caused only a slight decrease on guanylate cyclase activity of the brain at every developmental stage. PMID- 40811 TI - Stereospecificity of hydrogen transfer of aldehyde reductase. AB - Aldehyde reductase from human liver catalyzes the hydrogen transfer from the pro 4R position on the dihydronicotinamide ring of the coenzyme to the re face of the carbonyl carbon atom of the substrate. PMID- 40812 TI - Development of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and oxoprolinase in rat kidney. AB - gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase is present in barely detectable amounts in foetal kidney. Its activity starts to increase in postnatal life. In contrast, oxoproline is already found in significant quantities in the foetal tissue. Both enzymes show marked elevation in activities during the weaning period. PMID- 40813 TI - Photosynthesis by isolated chloroplasts of Sorghum vulgare. AB - The ambiguous location of photosynthetic carboxylases of mesophyll and bundle sheath chloroplasts of sorghum was investigated after successful homogeneous preparation. The phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase was found as a particulate enzyme in the mesophyll cell chloroplasts and ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase in the stroma of the bundle sheath cell chloroplasts. Extensive characterization was carried out on these 2 enzymes for better understanding of the enzyme action. PMID- 40814 TI - Acid-base equilibrium in the blood of sheep. AB - The acid-base equilibrium in the blood of sheep is different from that of human blood mainly because of a lower concentration of 2,3-DPG. A nomogram relating pH, pCO2, total CO2 content and base excess has been developed. PMID- 40815 TI - [Electronic structure of bacteriostatically active sulfanilamide derivatives of thiazole]. PMID- 40816 TI - [Comparative study of the sedative and tranquilizing effect of phenazepama and seduxen and their influence on human evoked brain potentials]. AB - Phenazepam was compared to diazepam in a double-blind study made in 32 patients. The drugs were administered by month in doses of 0.0025 mg/kg and 0.005 mg/kg. respectively 1--2 days before surgery with the use of general anesthesia. Anxiety assessed by means of the brain evoked potential test and by a clinical test according to Gologorsky's scale reduced 2 hours following both phenazepam and diazepam administration. Phenazepam elicited a more pronounced and more lasting tranquilizing effect as compared to that of diazepam. Phenazepam was concluded to be a powerful anxiolytic and sedative agent recommended for premedication before surgical interventions. PMID- 40817 TI - [2-14C-phenazepam metabolism in vitro]. AB - Phenazepam undergoes aromatic and C3-hydroxylation in the microsomes of albino rats. Saturation of phenazepam oxidising enzymes proceeds at different substrate concentrations for both processes. Interaction of cytochrome P-450 with phenazepam is accompanied by spectral changes in the type II hemoprotein. PMID- 40818 TI - [Effect of tranquilizers on animal resistance to adequate stimulus exposure of the vestibular apparatus]. AB - The effect of tranquilizers on the intensity of vestibulospinal reflexes and motor activity was studied in 900 centrifuged albino mice. Chemically heterogenous tranquilizers (meprobamate, elenium, nicolit) were applied in therapeutic doses. Actometric studies have shown that the tranquilizers possess group capacity for increasing animal resistance to the action of adequate stimuli to the vestibular apparatus. Meprobamate has exhibited the most pronounced protective effect. PMID- 40819 TI - Proteases and hormone action: proceedings of a satellite workshop of the XII Acta Endocrinologica Congress, Munich, 30 June, 1979. PMID- 40820 TI - Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide is about 44% folded in neutral aqueous solutions. PMID- 40821 TI - The consequences of a deuterium exchange test on proposed mechanisms for the purple membrane proton pump. PMID- 40822 TI - The effects of ions and pH on the transport of sugars into rat liver lysosomes. PMID- 40823 TI - Effects of fluorescamine modification of rat liver mitochondria on the action of uncouplers. PMID- 40824 TI - Yeast phosphoglycerate kinase -- evidence from affinity elution studies for conformational changes on binding of substrates. PMID- 40825 TI - The ATP-dependent proton pump in lysosome membranes: still a valid hypothesis. PMID- 40826 TI - Ap4A and Ap5A prefer folded unstacked conformations at pH 4-5, in sharp contrast with Ap2A and Ap3A. PMID- 40827 TI - Factors from glial cells regulate choline acetyltransferase and tyrosine hydroxylase activities in a hybrid-hybrid cell line. PMID- 40828 TI - Regulation of fatty acid synthesis. AB - Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase are the two major enzymes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids in animals. The activities of both enzymes are affected by nutritional manipulations. Although acetyl-CoA carboxylase is considered generally to be the rate-limiting step in lipogenesis, there is evidence that suggests that fatty acid synthetase may become rate limiting under certain conditions. The principal support for the view that acetyl CoA carboxylase is the rate-limiting enzyme for lipogenesis is that the activity of the enzyme is controlled by allosteric effectors that change the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme. Until recently, the only known control of fatty acid synthetase was through changes in rate of enzyme synthesis. Data are reviewed that show that fatty acid synthetase can exist in forms possessing different catalytic activities. Thus fatty acid synthetase appears to be subject to the type of control necessary for an enzyme to serve as a regulator of the rate of a biological process over a short term. PMID- 40829 TI - Lung metabolism: cells. Minisymposium presented by the American Physiological Society at the 63rd annual meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, Dallas, Texas, April 10, 1979. PMID- 40830 TI - The origin of orchiopexy-induced testicular lesions in the pig. AB - Cooling experiments of abdominal testes in adult, naturally cryptorchid pigs indicate that spermatogenic arrest in abdominal testes is not due to an inborn defect, but is caused solely by maintenance of the testis at abdominal temperature. It is postulated that failure of spermatogenic cells to differentiate after orchiopexy results from surgical trauma. Evaluation of the orchiopexy procedure revealed that simple manipulation of a normally descended testis may give rise to damage to the spermatogenic epithelium. Furthermore, it appeared that, in normally descended testes of naturally unilaterally cryptorchid pigs subjected to orchiopexy, the spermatogenic epithelium was poorly developed as compared with that of scrotal testes of unilaterally cryptorchid pigs that had not undergone a surgical procedure. PMID- 40831 TI - Functional differentiation of mouse T lymphocytes. GVHR-precursors: tissue origin and specificity of activity inducer. AB - For theoretical and practical reasons, it is important to find out whether the differentiation of T cell precursors to the functional lymphocytes can be induced under in vitro conditions. Using the local GVHR assay (based on the enlargement of the popliteal lymph node), the inducibility of the precursors of reactive cells was studied with bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and lymph node cell suspensions submitted to short-term incubation with cell-free extracts from calf thymus, spleen or brain. GVHR-precursors from bone marrow were inducible not only specifically (i.e., with thymus extract) but also--and even to a higher degree- with spleen or brain extract. Thymus and spleen cell suspensions (the latter also depleted of the reactive subpopulation by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement) were, on the other hand, inducible mainly specifically, whereas lymph node cells were refractory to induction. The inductive action of tissue extracts obviously depends on the tissue origin of T cell precursors; their effects on pre and postthymic differentiation of T lymphocytes are discussed. PMID- 40832 TI - Local tissue hyperacidification and lysosomes. PMID- 40833 TI - Reduced, radical, and excited state oxygen in leukocyte microbicidal activity. PMID- 40834 TI - Myeloperoxidase and leukocyte function. PMID- 40835 TI - [Sessions of the 52nd Fall Meeting of the Japan Endocrine Society]. PMID- 40836 TI - 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase species from roots of Pisum sativum. PMID- 40837 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate hydrolysis by lactating rat mammary gland. PMID- 40838 TI - Microassay and properties of pyridoxal phosphate phosphatase in rat pineal gland. PMID- 40839 TI - Euhypnos Forte (temazepam) for resistant insomnia: post-marketing surveillance, an interim report. AB - An interim report at six months of a post-marketing surveillance study of Euhypnos Forte, a new high-dose temazepam preparation for the treatment of insomniac patients resistant to conventional hypnotic dosage. The analysis includes 2,043 First Reports (FRs) of two weeks treatment and 669 Second Reports (SRs) of three months treatment. More than 95% of the patients took a nightly dose of two capsules, temazepam 40 mg. Adverse reactions were generally acceptable, consisting mainly of headache, vivid dreams, gastro-intestinal disturbances and hangover effects. The preparation was effective in 88.6% of patients at two weeks and 95.8% at three months. All patients had previously found other hypnotics ineffective. Euhypnos Forte was rated effective by 85.5% of the 874 patients who had previously found nitrazepam unsatisfactory, and by 90.0% of the 201 who found barbiturates unsatisfactory. PMID- 40840 TI - A three-month double-blind study of clobazam versus diazepam in out-patients suffering from neurotic disturbances. AB - Efficacy and safety of the 1,5 benzodiazepine, clobazam, in comparison to the 1,4 benzodiazepine, diazepam, were controlled in sixty psychiatric out-patients over a period of three months. In the course of this long treatment period data were obtained confirming findings of shorter-lasting studies. Global assessment of the therapeutic efficacy and the total scores of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale revealed no significant the compounds. Both groups showed a significant (p less than 0.01) improvement in the total scores of the Hamilton Anxiety Scale after two weeks of treatment. Scores of the individual items indicated distinct spectra of action: Clobazam was more effective in diminishing anxious mood, whereas diazepam was better able to influence muscular symptoms of anxiety. The relevance of the findings for a more individualized therapy is pointed out. PMID- 40841 TI - Effects of drugs on mucus glycoproteins and water in bronchial secretion. PMID- 40842 TI - Epidermal growth factor and nerve growth factor in mouse saliva: a comparative study. PMID- 40843 TI - O-Demethylation of p-nitroanisole by mixed function oxidase system of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) liver. PMID- 40844 TI - Consultation evaluation: I. Psychotropic drug recommendations. AB - A follow-up chart review was undertaken of 100 consecutive patients seen in psychiatric consultation for whom psychotropic medication was recommended. Significant differences in implementation (P less than 0.01) by class of drugs (neuroleptics, tricyclics, benzodiazepines) were found. Most often no discernible reason for consultee disagreement could be found or inferred. The importance of such follow-up studies for consultation work is stressed. PMID- 40845 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of a system of programmed control over student knowledge]. PMID- 40846 TI - [IV Congress: International Society for the Study of Vulvar Disease]. PMID- 40847 TI - Catalytic and regulatory properties of the Triton and trypsin forms of the brush border hydrolases. AB - Amphipathic enzymes, invertase (EC 3.2.1.26), 8-amylase (EC 3.2.1.3), and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), were purified from the rat small intestinal mucosa as trypsin and Triton forms, the catalytic and regulatory characteristics of which were compared in rats and in drosophila. Differences in the catalytic propertiis of the two enzyme forms were demonstrated, which suggested that the hydrophobic part of the enzyme was involved in maintaining optimal conformation of the catalytic part. Many modifiers have beenfound to influence the Triton rather than the trypsin form of the enzyme. It is therefore suggested that the hydrophobic sub-units of the enzymes might be involved in transmitting information from the cytoplasm into the external surface of the membrane, the cell in this way regulating the activity of surface enzymes. If this is indeed the case, it is suggested that the hydrophobic part performs functions not only of external but also of internal regulation. PMID- 40848 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase activity in acute ulcerative colitis: effects of treatment with sulphasalazine, codeine phosphate and prednisolone. AB - Prostaglandin synthetase activity in rectal biopsy specimens from patients with ulcerative colitis has been shown to fall on treatment with sulphasalazine, local steroids, and codeine phosphate. In vitro studies have shown that sulphasalazine is an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase, although less potent than indomethacin, whereas prednisolone and codeine phosphate were inactive. It is suggested that the therapeutic action of sulphasalazine may be related in part to its action in inhibiting prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 40849 TI - Response of male rate to sodium saccharin ingestion: urine composition and mineral balance. PMID- 40850 TI - Endothelial permeability increase produced by angiographic contrast media. AB - Permeability changes of the thoracic aortic wall of the rat were examined under light microscopy using the silver staining method. Methylglucamine salts of common angiographic contrast media and metrizamide were tested using a constant iodine concentration. Statistically significant differences between these media were found. The contrast agents were divided into three groups according to the extent of increasing endothelial damage: 1. Metrizamide and methylglucamine diatrizoate, 2. Methylglucamine metrizoate in the presence of calcium and methylglucamine iodamide, 3. Methylglucamine iothalamate. The osmolality of the contrast media was determined. The ionic contrast agents were equal in hypertonicity and metrizamide was nearly isotonic. The endothelial damage caused by the radiographic contrast media seems to depend both on chemical structure and on hypertonicity. PMID- 40851 TI - [Maldescensus testis, therapy and prognosis]. AB - Since histologic changes are found in undescended testes after the second year of life, treatment is necessary. Often therapy with human choriongonadotrophin is successful, otherwise operative treamtnet is indicated. Infertility at a high rate is found in boys treated for maldescence of the testicles in later childhood. Therapy before the age of two years improves the prognosis. PMID- 40852 TI - [Results of topical therapy with Etofenamat in rheumatic diseases and sports injuries. Report on a seminar on Etofenamat (Rheumon Gel) during the 28th German Congress for Continuing Medical Education, 5-9 June 1979 in Berlin]. PMID- 40853 TI - [Long-term effect of calcium carbonate containing antacids on basally and peptone stimulated hydrochloric acid secretion]. AB - Basal and meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion was measured before and after a 3-week-period of regular consumption of a calcium carbonate-containing antacid with 6 therapeutic doses per day in normal healthy volunteers. Furthermore the effect of a single large dose of 2000 mg calcium ions was studied on meal stimulated gastric acid secretion before and after this period. The results suggest that (1) even a large single dose of calcium ions seems to have no major effect on meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion and (2) chronic consumption of calcium carbonate containing antacids over a 3-week-period does not change basal- and meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion in healthy volunteers nor does it increase the response to 2 g calcium ions. PMID- 40854 TI - [The German Society for the Prevention of Suicide]. PMID- 40855 TI - [Spironolactone in respiratory insufficiency. Partial report, 12th Reichenhall Colloquium, 15-17 June 1979 in Bad Reichenhall]. PMID- 40856 TI - [Cerebral angiography in collagen disease and arteritis of different aetiology (author's transl)]. AB - The cerebral angiograms of 11 patients suffering from collagen disease are presented. Panarteriitis nodosa was diagnosed in 4 cases, Lupus erythematodes in 2 cases. With 5 patients immunovasculitis with cerebral affection was found, which was, however, not to be classified in detail. More or less characteristic features are to be expected in the angiogram; they might harden the suspicion of collagen disease, although they are not likely to prove its diagnosis. An interpretation of the radiological findings should--in addition to the morphology -primarily take into account the distribution type of the vessel wall lesions. Clinically as well as by means of angiography it is difficult to differentiate between collagen disease and cerebral arteriitis of different aetiology; this applies particularly to the alterations in cases of embolic circumscribed encephalitis in sepsis lenta. The diagnostic value of angiography in cases of collagen disease with cerebral affection is discussed, the criteria of cerebral arteriitis of different aetiology are dealth with. PMID- 40857 TI - Adrenergic beta 1- and beta 2-receptors in the isolated rabbit jejunum and ileum. PMID- 40858 TI - Effects of anabolic steroids on hepatic enzymes of amino acid catabolism. PMID- 40859 TI - Plasma triiodothyronines in fetal sheep: effects of illness and thyroidectomy. AB - Plasma 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine concentrations were measured in fetal sheep prior to death in utero and after thyroidectomy. In six fetal sheep who subsequently died in utero, plasma rT3 concentrations were elevated in all for 2 to 13 days prior to death. There were no consistent changes in plasma T4 concentrations. In two thyroidectomized fetal sheep, plasma T4 and rT3 concentrations fell to low levels. Plasma T3 concentrations remained low and there was no increase in plasma T3 in the last week prior to parturition like that which occurs in normal fetal sheep. Parturition was preceded by the normal increase in fetal plasma cortisol concentrations and occurred at the normal time. These data indicate that plasma rT3 concentrations are increased as a result of illness in fetal sheep and that such measurements may be useful as an indicator of fetal distress. The normal increase in plasma T3 late in gestation is not necessary for the late gestational cortisol surge or for normal parturition. PMID- 40860 TI - Studies on the interaction of tiamulin with the phospholipids in model membranes and with microsomes. AB - The drug tiamulin interacts with phospholipid membranes mainly in a nonelectrostatic way. At pH-values where the drug possesses a net positive charge only small binding is observed. In the presence of cholesterol tiamulin is excluded from the membranes. The interaction of tiamulin with membranes cannot be explained by a simple partitioning but is governed by structural rearrangements of the lipid phase. At low drug concentrations we observe sigmoidal binding characteristics in the rigid as well as in the fluid state up to a level of about 2-3 mol drug bound per 1000 mol phospholipid. The range in which this cooperative interaction occurs can be compared with the drug concentration in the erythrocyte membrane which protects from hypotonic lysis. Further addition of tiamulin to the rigid membrane leads to fluidization. Saturation of the membranes with tiamulin is completely in parallel to their fluidization. The relevance of the cooperative interaction at low drug concentration and of the subsequent fluidization at elevated concentration for the microsomal membrane is discussed. PMID- 40861 TI - Isolation of the catalytic subunits of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases from different mammalian tissues on the basis of charge differences of their subunits. AB - Both, the experimental data and a literature survey presented reveal common charge differences in the subunit composition of cAMP-dependent protein kinases from a variety of mammalian tissues. In general, the holoenzymes (type I and II) focus at pH 4.5-5.5, the cAMP-binding regulatory subunit below pH 4, whereas catalytic subunits are found at pH 6.7-9.1. For the purification of the catalytic subunits, the anionic holoenzymes of a variety of rat and rabbit organs as well as mouse and human-derived tissue culture cells were adsorbed to DEAE-cellulose. The catalytic subunit from the particular isoenzyme were selectively eluted at an appropriate ionic strength depending on the isoenzyme elution pattern by small amounts of cAMP. Extraction of tissues with Triton X-100 increased enzyme yield. Improved elution of the enzyme was accomplished by 8-(4-aminobutyl)amino-cAMP instead of cyclic AMP. Carboxymethyl-cellulose chromatography leads to both, concentration and, if necessary, to further purification of the enzyme. PMID- 40863 TI - Wrap-up of the 31st H&CP Institute: the plenary sessions. PMID- 40862 TI - Hemocyanins in spiders, VIII. Oxygen affinity of the individual subunits isolated from Eurypelma californicum hemocyanin. PMID- 40864 TI - Wrap-up of the 31st H&CP Institute: clinical issues. PMID- 40865 TI - Wrap-up of the 31st H&CP Institute: programs and services. PMID- 40866 TI - Wrap-up of the 31st H&CP Institute: administrative issues. PMID- 40867 TI - The creative arts therapists: struggling for recognition. PMID- 40868 TI - Kinetic and electrophoretic studies of human erythrocytes deficient in pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase. AB - The mutant enzyme of a patient with hereditary pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase deficiency was analyzed biochemically. Partially purified by DEAE-Sephadex and concentrated by ultrafiltration, the enzyme had a high Km for the substrate uridine monophosphate. Utilization of the substrate cytidine monophosphate was normal, but utilization of adenosine monophosphate was greatly increased. The enzyme was stable to heat; the pH optimum was acidic. Electrophoresis of the enzyme revealed a very faint, slower than normal band. PMID- 40869 TI - [Pathogenetic considerations in multiple sclerosis. I. Two mechanisms of demyelination and their relevance for MS (author's transl)]. PMID- 40870 TI - Differential elution of Clq, Clr and Cls from human Cl bound to immune aggregates. Use in the rapid purification of Cl subcomponents. PMID- 40871 TI - The use of polyethyleneglycol for immune complex detection in human sera. PMID- 40872 TI - Human platelet arylsulphatases: identification and capacity to destroy SRS-A. AB - Arylsulphatases IIA and IIB have been separately identified in human platelets by use of anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Arylsulphatase IIA had a molecular weight of 160,000 and a pH optimum of 4.5. Arylsulphatase IIB had a molecular weight of 60,000 and a pH optimum of 5.5. Both arylsulphatases IIA and IIB were inhibited by phosphate and sulphate ions characteristic of this enzyme class. Platelets, upon exposure to ionophore A-23187 or thrombin, discharged arylsulphatase coincident with beta-glcuronidase release. Partially purified platelet arylsulphatase IIB inactivated rat SRS-A. PMID- 40873 TI - Seasonal variations in the drug-interactions on blood vessels of the frog (Rana tigrina). PMID- 40874 TI - Assessment of attachment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to HeLa cells by double radiolabeling. AB - Attachment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to HeLa cells was assessed by a technique using double radioisotopic labeling. Piliated, virulent bacteria from colony type 2 attached to HeLa cells to a greater extent than nonpiliated, avirulent bacteria from colony type 4. Maximal attachment rates for bacteria from both colony types occurred during the early incubation periods at 37 degrees C, and the HeLa cells appeared saturated at 4 h. Attachment was maximum at pH 6.5 and dependent upon the multiplicity of infection. Treatment of the HeLa cells with trypsin diminished the degree of attachment, but this effect substantially disappeared by 24 h after trypsin treatment. Scanning electron microscopy revealed bacteria of colony types 2 and 4 adhered to the HeLa cell surface. Thin-section transmission electron microscopy showed that bacteria were associated with the surface of the HeLa cell but not ingested. PMID- 40875 TI - Ultraviolet irradiation disrupts somatic pili structure and function. AB - Three piliated bacterial species were exposed to ultraviolet light (7 X 10(3) microW/cm2), and the effect of increasing duration of irradiation on the integrity of the somatic pili was quantitated by negative-stain electron microscopy. Heavily piliated Proteus mirabilis became devoid of pili after 20 min of irradiation, but Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhoeae required 40 min for complete depiliation. Partially purified proteus pili underwent progressive loss of structural integrity with increasing doses of irradiation as determined by negative staining and nephelometry, suggesting that ultraviolet light exerted an effect directly on the pili themselves. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that new, small molecular weight fragments appeared after irradiation of purified E. coli pili, suggesting that cleavage of the peptide chain rather than disassociation of pilin monomers accounted for the loss of pili structure. Ultraviolet irradiation also inhibited the ability of piliated bacteria to bind to human buccal epithelial cells. These observations indicate that the ultrastructural integrity and function of pili can be disrupted by ultraviolet light. PMID- 40876 TI - Immunochemical cross-reactions between type III group B Streptococcus and type 14 Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Serological cross-reactions between certain streptococci and some serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae have been reported. These studies detail the serological cross-reactivity observed between hot HCl-extracted group b streptococcus type III (GBS III) antigens and S. pneumoniae type 14 (Pn 14) polysaccharide. Similar electrophoretic migration patterns of GBS III and Pn 14 were observed when either type-specific BGS III antisera or pneumococcal omniserum was utilized to precipitate these antigens. Both the GBS III antigen and the Pn 14 polysaccharide migrated toward the cathode, whereas all other pneumococcal polysaccharides migrated toward the anode. No cross-reactions were observed between GBS III antisera and the 11 other types of pneumococcal polysaccharides. Lines of identity were observed between type-specific GBS III antisera and monospecific Pn 14 antiserum with either GBS III antigens or purified Pn 14 polysaccharide. The cross-reacting antigens of GBS III and Pn 14 appear to be identical by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 40877 TI - Influence of lipopolysaccharide on graft versus host reactivity of lipopolysaccharide-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice. AB - It was initially reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice are refractory to LPS at the B-lymphocyte level, but more recently it has been shown that other cells are similarly unaffected. The current study was undertaken to study an in vivo LPS-modulated disease process involving macrophage-T cell interactions. Adult CBA/J and C3H/HeJ mice were used as spleen donors, and graft versus host reactions were induced in BALB/c neonates. Prior LPS treatment of CBA/J adults decreased the ability of their spleen cells to cause fatal graft versus host disease in BALB/c neonates, whereas no difference was found between injection of spleen cells from normal or LPS-treated C3H/HeJ mice. Similar results were obtained with these cell types when the mouse spleen mixed leukocyte culture system was used. In a carbon clearance assay for stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system with LPS, it was found that the rate of phagocytosis was significantly increased in BALB/c and CBA/J mice 72 h after inoculation of LPS. No stimulation was seen in rate of carbon uptake in the C3H/HeJ animals after treatment with phenol-extracted LPS or with butanol-extracted LPS. An LPS induced protective serum factor was produced only in the LPS-responsive CBA/J mice and was specific for the syngeneic cells. PMID- 40878 TI - Pathogenic species of the genus Haemophilus and Streptococcus pneumoniae produce immunoglobulin A1 protease. AB - Thirty-seven strains of the genus Haemophilus and five strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were examined for their ability to produce extracellular enzyme that cleaves immunoglobulin molecules. All strains of H. influenzae, H. aegyptius, and S. pneumoniae elaborated enzyme that selectively cleaved human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) myeloma proteins but was inactive against a variety of other proteins including human IgA2, IgG, and IgM, porcine and bovine secretory IgA, human and bovine serum albumins, and ovalbumin. Although susceptible, human secretory IgA remained largely undigested. Two strains of H. pleuropneumoniae isolated from fatally infected pigs cleaved porcine secretory IgA, but had no effect on human IgA proteins. None of 16 strains that belonged to nonpathogenic Haemophilus species produced IgA protease. Analyses of the cleavage products of human IgA1 and secretory IgA proteins by immunochemical methods, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that Fab and Fc fragments were produced. Since the production of IgA1 protease by Neisseria meningitidis has been reported previously, our finding that H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae produce an IgA1 protease indicates that this is a property of all three major etiological agents of bacterial meningitis. This suggests that IgA1 protease production may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 40879 TI - Bacterial adherence to pharyngeal cells in smokers, nonsmokers, and chronic bronchitics. AB - Selective adherence to host mucosal surfaces is probably a requirement for colonization and infection by bacteria. Since pharyngeal colonization may be an important determinant in the pathogenesis of pneumonia, we studied the adherence of 10 different bacteria to pharyngeal cells obtained from nonsmokers, smokers, and chronic bronchitics. Various patterns of adherence among the different groups of subjects were found. Young healthy smokers had increased adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae type I and, to a lesser extent, S. pneumoniae type III and Staphylococcus aureus when compared with nonsmokers. Middle-aged smokers with a long history of chronic bronchitis had significantly increased adherence only of untypable Haemophilus influenzae when compared with age-matched nonsmokers. The acquisition of pneumococcal pneumonia by smokers and the role of nontypable Haemophilus species in chronic bronchitis may be determined, in part, by bacterial adherence to pharyngeal cells. PMID- 40880 TI - Immunoglobulin A1 protease production by Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - Bacterial strains of Haemophilus species and Streptococcus pneumoniae were examined for synthesis of the enzyme immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) protease. Of 36 H. influenzae strains examined, 35 produced IgA1 protease; strains included all six capsular types, unencapsulated variants of types b and d, and untypable H. influenzae. Eight Haemophilus strains (non-H. influenzae) were studied, and two produced IgA1 protease. All 10 strains of S. pneumoniae produced IgA1 protease; these strains included 9 different capsular polysaccharide types and 1 untypable strain. Both IgA1 proteases cleaved myeloma IgA1 and secretory IgA but not myeloma IgA2, IgM, or IgG as determined by immunoelectrophoresis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that both enzymes cleaved IgA1 myeloma sera, but not IgA2, into two fragments. The apparent molecular weight of the cleaved fragments was dependent both on the apparent molecular weight of the cleaved fragments was dependent both on the specific IgA1 protease assayed and the specific IgA1 substrate utilized. It is postulated that both carbohydrate variation between the IgA1 substrates studied and the ability of S. pneumoniae glycosidases to cleave carbohydrates from glycoprotein offer an explanation for the different fragment sizes observed. PMID- 40881 TI - Large-scale production and physicochemical characterization of human immune interferon. AB - Large-scale production of crude high-titered (10(2.3) to 10(4) U/ml) human immune interferon (type II) was carried out in roller bottle cultures of human peripheral lymphocytes by using the T-cell mitogen staphylococcal enterotoxin A. Over 99% of human immune interferon was destroyed by pH 2 or heat at 56 degrees C for 1 h. The interferon was not neutralized by antibody to human leukocyte interferon. The kinetics of development of the antiviral state were slow for immune interferon relative to those for leukocyte interferon. Ultrogel AcA 54 chromatography of crude or the concentrated interferon resulted in two peaks of activity, a major one (87% of recovered activity) with a molecular weight of 40,000 to 46,000 and a minor peak of molecular weight 65,000 to 70,000. The column elution buffer consisting of 18% ethylene glycol and 1 M NaCl in phosphate buffered saline resulted in at least 100% recovery of added interferon. The data suggest, then, that the interferon produced under large-scale conditions was immune (type II). The efficiency of the production was comparable to that described for large-scale production of human leukocyte interferon. Our large scale production system for human immune interferon offers a feasible approach to preparation of large quantities of purified immune interferon for structure studies, antibody production, and clinical application. PMID- 40883 TI - Adherence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to glass surfaces. AB - Attachment of M. pneumoniae to glass was quantitated in an experimental system enabling the settling down of [3H]palmitic acid-labeled cells onto glass cover slips. Attachment of mycoplasmas suspended in buffer increased with temperature, decreased with higher ionic strength, and showed a maximum at about pH 5.5. The findings suggest a participation of ionic bonds in the attachment process. Trypsin did not detach glass-bound mycoplasmas, and treatment of the cells with glutaraldehyde did not reduce their attachment to glass, suggesting that membrane components other than proteins may be involved in the attachment. Low concentrations (up to 20 mg/ml) of bovine serum albumin buffer. However, during the next few hours, attachment increased far above the bovine serum albumin control. This marked increase was reduced by more than half in the presence of chloramphenicol. Increased attachment was also observed when glucose (0.1 to 2 mg/ml) was added to the bovine serum albumin-containing buffer. The findings suggest different mechanisms for the attachment in protein-free buffer and in growth medium or glucose-containing bovine serum albumin buffer, respectively. The latter apparently requires metabolic activity of the mycoplasmas. PMID- 40882 TI - Attachment pili from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli pathogenic for humans. AB - Pili from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli pathogenic for humans have been isolated by adsorption to the surface of erythrocytes followed by thermal elution. The pili are composed of two protein subunits with molecular weights of 13,100 and 12,500 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. These pili also bind to human buccal cells under temperature conditions (37 degrees C) which prevent the binding of these pili to the erythrocytes. Analogous temperature effects on binding have previously been observed with whole bacterial cells. This binding can be inhibited by antiserum prepared against the isolated pili. PMID- 40884 TI - Effect of cerebral electro-therapy on neurohormone excretion in weather-sensitive patients. PMID- 40885 TI - Changes in reproductive organs of male rats on exposure to hypoxia (6,060 m) and cold (-5 degrees C). Effects of cold-induced cryptorchidism. PMID- 40886 TI - Abstracts of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Biometeorology, Kusatsu, 24--25 November 1977. PMID- 40887 TI - Antihypertensive efficacy of a new long acting hydralazine like vasodilator, ISF 2469 in combination with a betablocker and a diuretic. PMID- 40888 TI - Current concepts in lichen planus. PMID- 40889 TI - Progestational potency of oral contraceptives: a polemic. AB - Dickey and Stone have attempted an evaluation of progestational potencies of oral contraceptives based upon such uterine criteria as subnuclear vacuolization and delay of menses. Their review, unfortunately, is marred by numerous errors which vitiate the potency estimates. The actions of progestagens in target organs depend upon the specific binding of the compounds to a protein receptor that is produced by estrogen treatment. Potency of hormones depends ultimately upon this binding. Since it seems unlikely that specific binding occurs in such nontarget sites as the blood vessels, direct potency relationships are highly improbable between diverse phenomena. Possible relationships between oral contraceptives and specific side effects must be studied in relationship to individual side effects and particular contraceptive products. Possible coincidental activities, no matter how analyzed, are unlikely to contribute meaningfully to our understanding of these drugs. PMID- 40890 TI - Reply to paper by Dr. Edgren on "progestational potency of oral contraceptives: a polemic". PMID- 40891 TI - Influence of alcohol on the reproductive system of the male rat. AB - Twelve male rats were treated with alcohol by an oral self administration technique. The testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles, kidneys, spleen, and liver were recovered from each animal. All organs were weighed and prepared for histological studies. Organs from experimental animals, with the exception of the liver, weighed significantly less than the corresponding controls. The testes of alcohol-treated animals revealed the following changes: thickened capsule, atrophic seminiferous tubules and damaged germinal epithelium, in addition to multinucleated giant cells, fragmented spermatozoa, and desquamated spermatocytes in the lumen of the tubules. Atrophic ductules containing very few spermatozoa were observed in the epididymides of these animals. The seminal vesicles were small and lined by degenerated epithelium. The serum testosterone levels were significantly reduced in alcohol-treated animals, compared to the controls. The present investigation indicates that alcohol adversely affects spermatogenesis and testicular function. PMID- 40892 TI - Eighteen months contraception following subdermal insertion of silastic capsules containing norgestrienone. PMID- 40893 TI - Clinical evaluation of two biphasic and one triphasic norgestrel/ethinyl estradiol regimens. AB - Four hundred and fifty-eight women were followed for 3,586 cycles in a controlled, randomized, open trial designed to compare two biphasic and one triphasic norgestrel/ethinyl estradiol (ee) regimens. The three regimens are effective and no pregnancies were reported. Cycle control was good with all three regimens but the incidence of intermenstrual bleeding was higher with the triphasic. With this regimen, total hormonal ingestion is well below the lowest fixed dose norgestrel/ethinyl estradiol preparation (300 mcg norgestrel and 30 mcg ee) in the original 10:1 ratio. It is concluded that the staggering of hormonal doses opens the possibility of contraception with less hormone intake than is possible when a fixed dose regimen is used. PMID- 40894 TI - Antibodies to spermatozoa. VIII. Correlation of sperm antibody activity with postcoital tests in infertile couples. AB - A study of the correlation between results of postcoital tests (PCTs) and presence of sperm antibodies in sera of either male or female partners or in the cervical mucus of seminal plasma, was made in 127 infertile couples. The percentage of positive antibody tests increased progressively as PCT results deteriorated from excellent to poor. Thus, the percentage of positive serum tests, by either method used, was 7% in the excellent group as compared to 52% in the poor group. This progressive increase was evident only in the females; the antibody tests in the males did not correlate directly with the PCT results. Nonetheless, even with excellent PCT results, 7% of women and 21% of men showed presence of antibodies. On the other hand, in the group showing poor PCTs, 48% of women had an absence of antibodies. PMID- 40895 TI - Chromosomal anomalies of preimplantation rabbit blastocysts and human artificial abortuses in relation to maternal age. AB - It is well established that in man there is a higher frequency of chromosomally and phenotypically abnormal offspring and a decline in fertility as maternal age increases. This paper describes preliminary work on some chromosomal aspects of 5 and 6-day old preimplantation rabbit embryos, with attention to maternal age dependence of chromosome anomalies. Chromosome preparations were made by a modification of the method of Shaver and Carr (1967). Two trisomic blastocysts were observed among 50 embryos examined from 10 does of 40 to 52 months of age, that is, 45XY with an extra submetacentric chromosome and 45XX with an extra acrocentric chromosome. In man, three trisomies (47XX, G+, 47XX, D+, and 47XY, G+), one monosomy (45X or 45XX, C-) and one double trisomy (48XY, C+, E+ or 48XXY, E+) were karyotyped out of 32 early induced abortuses from women older than 40. Among the 22, induced abortuses analyzed from women between 35 and 39, one trisomic embryo of 47XY, G+ was observed. PMID- 40896 TI - Short luteal phase and prolactin. PMID- 40897 TI - Effects of estrogenic hormones on uteroplacental hemodynamics and progesterone production in the sheep. PMID- 40898 TI - Plasma gonadotropin response to D-Ala6-LH-RH propylamide. AB - A long-acting analog of LH-RH, D-Ala6-desGly10-LH-RH propylamide (D-Ala6-LH-RH PA) was administered intramuscularly in a dose of 250 micrograms to 11 women with amenorrhea in whom the determinations of urinary steroid secretion, progesterone challenge, clomiphene, HMG, and LH-RH tests had been performed previously. Blood samples were taken twice before the injection and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 26, 28, 30, and 32 h. No visible side effects were observed. Plasma levels of LH and FSH were determined by radioimmunoassays and expressed in mIU/2nd-IRP HMG/ml. The analog caused a great elevation in plasma LH and FSH levels. The maximal absolute increment for LH was between 3.93 and 115.89 mIU/ml, and the maximal increment in percentage was between 220 and 4,300. The time of the LH peak varied between 0.5 and 12 h. For FSH, the maximal absolute increment was between 6.45 and 50.92 mIU/ml and the maximal increment in percentage was between 63 and 1,442. The peak of FSH occurred in most cases at 4 to 8 h. PMID- 40899 TI - Possible effects of ovocyclin in male reproduction. PMID- 40900 TI - A filtering method for cleaning up spermatozoa in cases of asthenospermia. PMID- 40901 TI - The male factor in infertility--Nigerian experience. PMID- 40902 TI - Evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary function in a female with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia. AB - A case of Kallmann's syndrome in a woman is presented to evaluate the hypothalamic-pituitary function and status of the genital organs. The diagnosis of Kallmann's syndrome was performed under the determination of low circulating level of estradiol-17 beta and gonadotropins and low sensitivity to an olfactometer. Pituitary response to LRH was observed. Plasma LH response to LRH was observed in a lesser degree compared with the less impaired response of FSH. Daily injection of LRH for 13 days increased pituitary response of gonadotropin secretion. Diminished prolactin secretion and the dissociation of response to TRH and chlorpromazine were shown. Laparoscopic findings revealed a hypoplastic uterus and nearly normal sized ovaries. Ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins was affirmed by increased estradiol-17 beta level. These results indicated disturbed hypothalamic control of gonadotropins and prolactin, and a reserved pituitary function in this case. Low circulating level of estradiol-17 beta might affect the heterogenous response of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. PMID- 40903 TI - Attempts to induce ovulation in amenorrheic patients using D-Ala-6-LH-RH propylamide. AB - Thirteen amenorrheic patients, two with primary amenorrhea, and eleven with secondary amenorrhea, including five with anorexia nervosa, were treated with an analog of LH-RH, D-Ala-6-desGly-10-LH-RH propylamide (D-Ala-6-LH-RH PA). The patients were follwed with checks of daily basal body temperature, cervical mucus characteristics, urinary total estrogens and pregnanediol, plasma LH and FSH, and twice-weekly clinical checkups. D-Ala-6-LH-RH PA was given continuously for 11 days at a dose of 50 microgram im from the 4th day of a steroid-induced cycle. Ethynyl estradiol (50 microgram orally) was given twice on day 14 followed by 250 microgram of D-Ala-6-LH-RH PA for the following 3 days. All the treated cycles were monophasic. Withdrawal bleeding occured in nine patients from the 4th to 6th days posttreatment. A significant total maximal increment in estrogens was found in seven patients, which was higher than the values obtained previously in the same patients with human menopausal gonadotropin. One patient conceived in the cycle immediately following discontinuation of treatment, indicating a possible effect of analog on the follicular development during the treatment; a normal baby was delivered. A second patient conceived three cycles afterwards, and two other patients began normal menstrual cycles. PMID- 40904 TI - Oral contraception, mechanical contraception, and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism: a two-year study. AB - The carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of 100 women using an oral contraceptive (0.5 mg norgestrel + 0.05 mg ethinyl estradiol) and of 96 women using mechanical contraceptives was monitored over a 2-year period. The women had been screened for factors known to adversely affect carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Two-hour oral glucose tolerance tests were performed at 6-month intervals during the study; serum insulin was determined at the same intervals in half the women. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, free fatty acids, and body weight were also measured. The study showed no significant differences in lipid metabolism nor in weight gain between women using oral or mechanical contraceptives. After 6 months the fasting glucose of women using oral contraceptives was significantly decreased; at 120 minutes, glucose and insulin levels were significantly increased in comparison to women using mechanical contraceptives. A greater percentage of oral contraceptive users had borderline-abnormal oral glucose tolerance tests but the abnormalities did not persist in the same individuals during the study. The incidence of a pathological oral glucose tolerance with oral contraceptives was 1%. PMID- 40905 TI - Evaluation of hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in true hermaphroditism: a case report. PMID- 40906 TI - Distribution of ATPase in isolated human spermatozoa nuclei: a high resolution cytochemical study. AB - The presence of ATPase activity was demonstrated in isolated nuclei of human spermatozoa by high resolution cytochemical methods. The Wachstein and Meisell technique as modified by Marchesi and Palade was used. ATPase activity was identified as dense and irregularly distributed granules confined to the exposed surface of spermatozoa nuclei. Within the nucleus the reaction product appeared as electron dense precipitates randomly distributed. Control experiments were negative. Deposits of lead phosphate specifically restricted to the exposed surface of nuclei were interpreted as an indication of a glucose-6-phosphatase and/or phosphohydrolase activity. Whether this activity is located in remnants of the inner leaflet of the nuclear envelope is not known. The presence of the enzyme activity within the nucleus is thought to be related to aerobic ATP synthesis previously suggested. If so, this function may be involved in establishing and/or maintaining the highly complex structural organization of spermatozoa nuclei. PMID- 40907 TI - Prostaglandins E and F in the uterine tissue of cyclic rats. AB - Prostaglandins E and F (PGE and PGF) levels and the biosynthetic ability of rat uterine tissue have been estimated in the various phases of oestrous cycle by radioimmunoassay technique. Significantly high PGF concentration was found during metaoestrous phase. In comparison, PGE levels did not show as high elevation. The metaoestrous phase also showed significantly higher biosynthesis of prostaglandins E and F. Our experimental findings support the role of prstaglandins in ovulation and luteolysis of the corpus luteum. PMID- 40908 TI - Detection of beta subunit HCG in plasma of IUD users as an indication of frequency of conception. AB - One hundred and two women using an intrauterine copper device (Cu IUD) were studied for determination of HCG in blood plasma specimens obtained during the last 5 days of the menstrual cycle. HCG, LH, and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Two positive HCG values were found, indicating conception. The methods by which the frequency of fertilization during IUD use can be evaluated are discussed. PMID- 40909 TI - Phosphatases in human seminal plasma. AB - Alkaline and acid phosphatase activity was measured in the ejaculate of normo-, oligo-, and azoospermic males. Due to the considerable scattering no correlation was found between sperm density and enzyme activity. Phosphatase activities were very similar in the fertile and infertile groups. On the basis of this observation phosphatase activity measurements are not recommended in clinical practice. PMID- 40910 TI - Effect of indomethacin on prostaglandin and steroid synthesis by the marmoset ovary in vivo. AB - Indomethacin decreased Prostaglandin F 2 alpha levels in the ovaries of marmoset monkeys which were treated with PMS/HCG. The production of estradiol and progesterone, however, was unaffected by the blockade in prostaglandin synthesis. The number of ovulations following PMS/HCG treatment was significantly reduced by indomethacin treatment. These observations suggest that prostaglandins are required for follicular rupture but not for progesterone and estradiol production by the ovary. PMID- 40911 TI - Bromocriptine in hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea: a possible early effect on ovarian steroidogenesis. AB - The effect of bromocriptine was studied in a 28-year-old cretin woman who presented with long-term untreated primary hypothyroidism, primary amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemia, and an enlarged pituitary fossa. Bromocriptine therapy lowered the plasma prolactin and caused an early rise in plasma 17 beta-estradiol levels and uterine bleeding, despite the failure of plasma gonadotrophins to respond to luteinizing hormone release hormone (LHRH) administration. Thus, it is suggested that bromocriptine may have an early direct effect on the ovary in hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. PMID- 40912 TI - In memoriam: Dr. Martin Clyman. PMID- 40913 TI - How do you manage the teenage patient who comes to you for contraception? PMID- 40914 TI - Serum progesterone and estradiol in pregnant women selected for progestagen treatment. AB - Patients with two or more previous spontaneous second trimester abortions and vaginal cytology indicating a poor progestational response in current pregnancies were selected for treatment with Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate) and/or Delalutin (17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate). Serum was examined serially for progesterone (P) and estradiol (E) by radioimmunoassay. Serum from 174 untreated patients with no known complications ranging from 6--40 weeks gestation provided normal distribution data. Of 14 progestagen-treated patients, four aborted during the second trimester. These all had chronically low (greater than 50% of observations were less than 1 standard deviation of the normal population) or falling P/E ratios. The rest delivered normal full-term infants although five of the 10 had chronically low P, seven had chronically low P/E ratios, and in one other P/E was falling. Chronically high E contributed to the low P/E ratio in three cases. Thus, these selected cases with poor obstetrical histories demonstrated steroid patterns outside the +/- 1 standard deviation range, although the steroid levels were still within the normal range. Serum progesterone and estradiol analysis may eventually be useful in identifying patients who will best respond to progestagen treatment. PMID- 40915 TI - Cell mediated and local immunity to spermatozoa in infertility. AB - The possibility of the immunological factor as an etiological cause of infertility was investigated in 50 infertile couples. Of these, 31 couples were considered as an "unexplained sterility" group, while in the other 19 couples a variety of disorders were diagnosed. In vitro, leucocyte migration inhibition test (LMIT) was used for the detection of female cell-mediated immunity against sperm antigens. Sperm immobilization test (SIT) and sperm toxicity tests (STT) were used for the detection of antisperm antibodies in the cervical mucus. Out of the 31 "unexplained sterility" cases, six revealed a positive LMIT (5.3%). In 26 couples with an abnormal postcoital test (PCT), 10 cases had a positive SIT and STT (38.5%). However, out of the group of 16 couples with a normal PCT only in one case was a positive SIT and STT found (6.2%). The potential role of immunological reactions in infertility will be discussed. PMID- 40916 TI - Reaction of azide radicals with amino acids and proteins. AB - The azide radical N3 reacts selectively with amino acids, in neutral solution preferentially with tryptophan (k (N3 + TrpH) = 4.1 X 10(9) dm3 mol(-1s-1) and in alkaline solution also with cysteine and tyrosine (k(N3 + CyS-) = 2.7 X 10(9) dm3 mol-1s-1) and k(N3 + TyrO-) equals 03.6 X 10(9) dm3 mol-1s-1). Oxidation of the enzyme yADH by N3 involves primary attacks, mainly at tryptophan residues, and subsequent slow secondary reactions. N3-induced inactivation of yADH is likely to occur upon oxidation of tryptophan residues in the substrate binding pocket (58 TrpH and 93-TrpH) since the substrate ethanol although unreactive with N3, protects yADH and since elADH, which does not contain tryptophan in the substrate pocket, is comparatively resistant against N3-attack. N3 exhibits low reactivity with nucleic acid derivatives and it is inert towards aliphatic compounds such as methanol and sodium dodecylsulphate. PMID- 40917 TI - Gamma-irradiated chymotrypsin-like proteins. III. Comparison with ultraviolet irradiated proteins. PMID- 40918 TI - [Surgery of the pancreas. Chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic carcinoma, endocrine pancreatic tumors]. PMID- 40919 TI - [Ensuring the quality of blood gas analysis]. PMID- 40920 TI - [Interactions of antirheumatic agents]. PMID- 40921 TI - Proceedings of the Association of University Radiologists. Annual meeting, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 40922 TI - Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystal growth. AB - Calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), although thermodynamically unstable with respect to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM), is more commonly seen in human urine. For the first time, a COD-seeded crystal growth assay has been developed. Seed crystals of COD were precipitated from filtered urine by the addition of ammonium oxalate and were stored dry and added to a supersaturated calcium oxalate solution to initiate an experiment. The growth rate in the COD-seeded system was 22 per cent of that for a COM-seeded system, for equivalent surface areas. Urine samples from normal subjects have similar inhibitory activity in the COD- and COM seeded systems, as do pyrophosphate and heparin, which are known inhibitors of COM crystal growth. These results indicate that the technically simpler COM seeded growth assay is suitable for measurement of inhibitors of calcium oxalate growth in urine. PMID- 40924 TI - Impressions of the Fourth Cooley's Anemia Symposium held May 21--23 in New York City, N.Y. PMID- 40923 TI - Third National Congress of the Israel Psychiatric Association--Acre 1979. PMID- 40926 TI - Histochemical study on the pathogenesis of chlorocyclizine-induced pulmonary lipidosis. AB - Male rats were fed a diet containing chlorocyclizine in high concentrations for about 3 weeks. They lost weight and showed respiratory distress. The lungs contained clusters of foam cells in the alveoli. Acid esterase staining revealed reduction of activity in alveolar cells presumed to be granular pneumocytes and absence of activity in the foam cells. The lipid showed in the foam cells could not be stained with Sudan dyes, except at high temperature, and was not stained by phospholipid and cholesterol procedures. This indicated that the stored lipids are probably solid at room temperature, consisting of saturated triglycerides and/or phospholipids. It is suggested that the lipid originated in the granular pneumocytes. The drug might have deranged the esterase-phospholipase activity in these cells and in the macrophages. PMID- 40925 TI - Metabolic heterogeneity of muscle fibers classified by myosin ATPase. AB - Muscle fibers are commonly classified histochemically into three types by the staining intensity for myosin ATPase combined with those for metabolic enzymes. Preincubation at pH 4.6 gives rise to three staining intensities of myosin ATPase which are also used for fiber typing. The two classification systems were compared by computer analysis of the individual staining profiles of over 2,500 fibers, and found not to be equivalent. The analysis showed metabolic heterogeneity among the fiber groups distinguished according to their differences in myosin ATPase. PMID- 40927 TI - Mucocele of the appendix. PMID- 40928 TI - Educating the psychiatric liaison nurse. PMID- 40929 TI - Community health nursing in an urban day care center. AB - This paper has endeavored to depict some of the student achievements during community health nursing practice in a less traditional clinical setting, a day care center for infants and toddlers. There appear to have been a number of advantages to such a clinical placement. For one thing, students had the opportunity to devise a package of preventive/maintenance health services for a specific group of healthy children. This they were able to implement in collaboration with the day care center staff and the children's families. In the course of delivering the health services, they learned firsthand the strategies inherent in planning and negotiating among one another. In recognition of the integrity of child health as a component of family health care, they accounted regularly to the parents in both individualized and group fashion. Through the experiences over the course of the quarter, there seemed to be a heightened awareness of the potential for innovative nursing practice in urban communities. PMID- 40930 TI - The relationship between patterns of massed and distributive clinical practicum and student achievement. PMID- 40931 TI - Television replay: a tool for students to learn to evaluate their own proficiency in using sterile technique. PMID- 40932 TI - Teaching clinical public health nursing in a collaborative medical center-nursing school program. PMID- 40933 TI - Influencing sex role opinions of undergraduate nursing students. PMID- 40935 TI - Values exploration: a teaching model. PMID- 40934 TI - The real S.O.A.P. on a core curriculum. PMID- 40936 TI - Termination in the student-patient relationship: use of a teaching tool. PMID- 40937 TI - Flexible process--an alternative curriculum option. Part 1: The process and the plan. PMID- 40938 TI - Flexible process - an alternative curriculum option. Part 2: Evaluation. PMID- 40939 TI - Flexible process - an alternative curriculum option. Part 3: Clinical evaluation. PMID- 40940 TI - Intrapartum practicum in nursing curricula. PMID- 40941 TI - The multifaceted role of the nurse consultant. PMID- 40942 TI - Predicting the success on state board examinations for blacks. PMID- 40943 TI - Computers & undergraduate nursing education: a report on an experimental introductory course. PMID- 40944 TI - Improving teacher-made tests in an integrated curriculum. PMID- 40945 TI - The potentials of cross cultural field study: Emory's comparative health care systems program in London. PMID- 40946 TI - Symposium on circulatory shock, presented before the Section on Small Animals and the Section on Research, 115th Annual AVMA Meeting July 17-20, 1978, Dallas, Tex. PMID- 40947 TI - Pharmacologic management of circulatory shock: cardiovascular drugs and corticosteroids. AB - Effective use of cardiovascular drugs in the management of circulatory shock requires knowledge of the pathophysiologic changes occurring in the different types and stages of shock and an understanding of the specific hemodynamic actions of drugs used to correct shock. Objectives of therapy are to: (1) restore circulating blood volume, (2) ensure of increase perfusion of critical organs by selectively reducing arteriolar resistance, (3) augment cardiac output, and (4) increase perfusion pressure. If blood volume is not restored, drugs may be ineffective and can even induce deleterious effects. If reflex sympathetic discharge has induced generalized vasoconstriction, it is irrational to expect beneficial results from administration of exogenous vasconstrictor agents. Instead, selective vasodilatation of vascular beds in critical tissues (eg, myocardium, intestines, and kidneys) accompanied by increased perfusion pressure and cardiac output can prove useful. Large doses of adrenocorticosteroids are used commonly in the therapy of different shock conditions, based primary on empiric tests of efficacy. Although such steroids may not influence the course of shock by direct cardiovascular effects, beneficial actions may result from mechanisms such as protection of cell membrane integrity and stabilization of lysosomes. PMID- 40948 TI - Metabolic and electrolyte disturbances in acute canine babesiosis. AB - Arterial blood pH, PCO2, bicarbonate, base excess/deficit, and lactate, as well as serum sodium, potassium, and chloride were measured in clinically normal dogs and in dogs with acute canine babesiosis. Metabolic acidosis developed in dogs with fatal as well as nonfatal Babesia canis infection. In the fatal group, the acidosis was uncompensated; among survivors, base deficit and blood lactate were significantly lower, and pH, PCO2, and bicarbonate values were significantly higher. Serum potassium values were significantly lower, and serum chloride values were significantly higher in dogs with acute babesiosis than in clinically normal dogs. The shock resulting from acute canine babesiosis is best viewed as anemic shock. Treatment should include an alkalizing agent, a blood transfusion, fluid therapy, and a babesicidal drug. PMID- 40949 TI - Symposium on Present Status and Goals of Collaborative Studies in Toxicology. 92nd Annual Meeting of the AOAC, October 1978. PMID- 40950 TI - Purification and properties of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked dehydrogenase that serves an Escherichia coli mutant for glycerol catabolism. AB - Glycerol:NAD+2-OXIDOREDUCTASE (EC 1.1.1.6) was purified to homogeneity from a mutant of Escherichia coli K12 that uses this enzyme, instead of ATP:glycerol 3 phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.1.30), as the first enzyme for the dissimilation of glycerol. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate shows a subunit of 39,000 daltons. During electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions, the protein migrates as two bands. These two forms, both of which are enzymatically active, appear to be dimers and octomers of the same subunit. The optimal pH for the oxidation of glycerol is about 10, and that for the reduction of dihydroxyacetone is about 6. Glycerol dehydrogenation is highly activated by NH4+, K+, or Rb+, but strongly inhibited by N-ethylmalemide, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 1,10-phenanthroline, Cu2+, and Ca2+. The enzyme exhibits a broad substrate specificity. In addition to glycerol, it act on 1,2-propanediol and several of its analogs. PMID- 40951 TI - Membrane H+ conductance of Streptococcus lactis. AB - Membrane conductance to H+ was measured in the anaerobic bacterium Streptoccus lactis by a pulse technique employing a low driving force (0.1 pH unit; 6 mV). Over the pH range of 3.7 to 8.5, a constant value for passive H+ conductance was observed, corresponding to 0.2 mumol of H+/s per p/ unit per g, dry weight (1.6 microS/cm2 of surface area). The pH insensitivity of this low basal H+ conductance supports the idea that a circulation of protons can mediate highly efficiency engery transductions across the membranes of bacteria. PMID- 40952 TI - Distribution of coenzyme F420 and properties of its hydrolytic fragments. AB - The ability of hydrolytic products of coenzyme F420 to substitute for F420 in the hydrogenase and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-liniked hydrogenase systems of Methanobacterium strain M.o.H. was kinetically determined. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-linked hydrogenase system was employed to quantitate the levels of F420 in a number of methanogenic bacteria as well as in some nonmethanogens. Methanobacterium ruminantium and Methanosarcina barkeri contained low levels of F420, whereas other methanogens tested contained high levels (100 to 400 mg/kg of cells). F420 from six of the seven methanogens was tested by thin-layer electrophoresis and was found to be electrophoretically identical to that purified from Methanobacterium strain M.o.H. The only exception was M. barkeri, which contained a more electronegative derivative of F420. Acetobacterium woodii, Escherichia coli, and yeast extract contained no compounds able to substitute for F420 in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate linked hydrogenase system. PMID- 40953 TI - Modifiers of heterocyst repression and spacing and formation of heterocysts without nitrogenase in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis. AB - Twelve amino acid analogs and related compounds were screened for their ability to induce heterocysts in ammonia-repressed, undifferential filaments of Anabaena variabilis. As has been previously described, 1-methionine-dl-sulfoximine induces both heterocysts and nitrogenase. In contrast, dl-7-azatryptophan and beta-2 thienyl-dl-alanine were found to induce heterocysts but not nitrogenase activity (measured as acetylene reduction) even under microaerobic conditions. When the initial ammonium concentration was reduced, dl-7-azatryptophan-treated cultures sequentially produced heterocysts and then nitrogenase activity, but nitrogenase was detected only when a parallel culture without analog also became capable of acetylene reduction. Neither of the two latter analogs affected gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in crude extracts. All three analogs significantly reduced the mean interheterocyst distance in nitrogen-fixing cultures. PMID- 40954 TI - Characterization of the Bacillus subtilis motile system driven by an artificially created proton motive force. AB - Transient swimming was induced in energy-depleted cells of Bacillus subtilis by an artificial proton motive force, which was created by valinomycin addition and a pH reduction. This system did not require any ions except protons in the medium. The size of the induced motility was strongly influenced by changes in the size of either the K+ diffusion potential or the pH gradient. A rough estimation indicated that a proton motive force higher than -100 mV was required for induction of translational swimming of the cell. Corresponding with the transient appearance of swimming, a rapid but transient efflux of K+ and influx of H+ were observed. With decreases in the rate of H+ influx, the amount of motility decreased. A rate of H+ influx higher than 0.2 mumol/s per ml of cell water gave translational swimming. These results suggest direct coupling of H+ influx to rotation of bacterial flagella. PMID- 40955 TI - Partial purification and characterization of thiosulfate oxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Soluble thiosulfate oxidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was purified 85-fold and coverted thiosulfate to tetrathionate by using either ferricyanide or cytochrome c as an electron acceptor. PMID- 40956 TI - Rhamnose-induced propanediol oxidoreductase in Escherichia coli: purification, properties, and comparison with the fucose-induced enzyme. AB - Escherichia coli are capable of growing anaerobically on L-rhamnose as a sole source of carbon and energy and without any exogenous hydrogen acceptor. When grown under such condition, synthesis of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide linked L-lactaldehydepropanediol oxidoreductase is induced. The functioning of this enzyme results in the regeneration of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The enzyme was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. It has a molecular weight of 76,000, with two subunits that are indistinguishable by electrophoretic mobility. The enzyme reduces L-lactaldehyde to L-1,2-propanediol with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as a cofactor. The Km were 0.035 mM L-lactaldehyde and 1.25 mM L-1,2-propanediol, at pH 7.0 and 9.5, respectively. The enzyme acts only on the L-isomers. Strong substrate inhibition was observed with L-1,2-propanediol (above 25 mM) in the dehydrogenase reaction. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 6.5 for the reduction of L-lactaldehyde and of 9.5 for the dehydrogenation of L-1,2 propanediol. The enzyme is, according to the parameters presented in this report, indistinguishable from the propanediol oxidoreductase induced by anaerobic growth on fucose. PMID- 40957 TI - Sucrose transport by the Escherichia coli lactose carrier. AB - Several lines of evidence suggest that sucrose is transported by the lactose carrier of Escherichia coli. Entry of sucrose was monitored by an osmotic method which involves exposure of cells to a hyperosmotic solution of disaccharide (250 mM). Such cells shrink (optical density rises), and if the solute enters the cell, there is a return toward initial values (optical density falls). By this technique sucrose was found to enter cells at a rate approximately one third that of lactose. In addition, the entry of [14C]sucrose was followed by direct analysis of cell contents after separation of cells from the medium by centrifugation. Sucrose accumulated within the cell to a concentration 160% of that in the external medium. The addition of sucrose to an anaerobic suspension of cells resulted in a small alkalinization of the external medium. These data are consistent with the view that the lactose carrier can accumulate sucrose by a proton cotransport system. The carrier exhibits a very low affinity for the disaccharide (150 mM) but a moderately rapid Vmax. PMID- 40958 TI - Carbon dioxide assimilation in cyanobacteria: regulation of ribulose, 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase. AB - Cyanobacteria assimilate carbon dioxide through the Calvin cycle and therefore must regulate the activity of ribulose 1,5-bisophosphate carboxylase. Using an in situ assay, as well as measuring the activity in crude, partially purified, and homogeneous preparations, we can show that a number of phosphorylated intermediates exert a regulatory role. Three diverse organisms, Agmenellum quadruplicatum, Aphanocapsa 6714, and Anabaena sp. CA, were studied, and it was found that the in situ and cell-free carboxylase activities were particularly affected by low levels of phosphogluconate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. There was a marked activation by these ligands when the inactive enzyme was assayed in the presence of low levels of bicarbonate, a result significantly different from a previous report. Moreover, the fully activated enzyme was inhibited by phosphogluconate. In situ Anabaena CA carboxylase activity exhibited a particular capacity for activation by phosphogluconate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. However, activation of the crude, partially purified, or homogeneous Anabaena CA carboxylase by phosphogluconate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate was significantly decreased when compared with enzyme activity in permeabilized cells. It appears that the microenvironment or the conformation of the enzyme within the cell may be significantly different from that of the isolated enzyme. PMID- 40959 TI - Defective F pili and other characteristics of Flac and Hfr Escherichia coli mutants resistant to bacteriophage R17. AB - Mutants resistant to the donor-specific bacteriophage R17 were isolated from Hfr and Flac-containing strains of Escherichia coli K-12. Thirty-five mutants were examined for the presence of F pili by electron microscopy. The pilus morphology was studied, as were the abilities of the cells to retract their pili and to synthesize new pili. Measurements were made of the efficiency of the conjugal deoxyribonucleic acid transfer and of M13 and R17 phage infection. All mutants had noticeable defects in pilus production, structure, or function. Mutants were found which produced unusually long pili, displayed wide variations in the number of pili per cell, and were deficient in pilus retraction and synthesis. Evidence is presented that there may be two pathways of pilus retraction. PMID- 40960 TI - Glutamine synthetase mutations which affect expression of nitrogen fixation genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Previous studies have implicated glutamine synthetase (L-glutamate:ammonia ligase [adenosine diphosphate for-ing], EC 6.6.1.2) as a major controlling element of the nitrogen fixation (nif) genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae. We report here the isolation of a new class of K. pneumoniae mutants which exhibit altered patterns of nif and hut (histidine utlization) regulation. The expression of nif in these mutants, which were isolated as Gln+ (glutamine nonrequiring) revertants of a particular glnA mutation, is extremely sensitive to ammonia repression. These mutants have a Nif- Hut- phenotype at external ammonia concentrations at which wild-type strains are Nif+ Hut+. On the other hand, these mutants can be fully derepressed for nif at very low ammonia concentrations. We adopted the nomenclature "GlnR- (Nif- Hut-)" to facilitate discussion of the phenotype of these mutant strains. The mutations in these strains which confer the GlnR- phenotype map at or near glnA, the structural gene for glutamine synthetase. PMID- 40961 TI - Lysis of Escherichia coli mutants by lactose. AB - Growth of Escherichia coli strain MM6-13 (ptsI suc lacI sup), which as a suppressor of the succinate-negative phenotype, was inhibited by lactose. Cells growing in yeast extract-tryptone-sodium chloride medium (LB broth) were lysed upon the addition of lactose. In Casamino Acids-salts medium, lactose inhibited growth, but due to the high K+ content no lysis occurred. Lysis required high levels of beta-galctosidase and lactose transport activity. MM6, the parental strain of MM6-13, has lower levels of both of these activities and was resistant to lysis under these conditions. When MM6 was grown in LB broth with exogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate, however, beta-galactosidase and lactose transport activities were greatly increased, and lysis occurred upon the addition of lactose. Resting cells of both MM6 and MM6-13 were lysed by lactose in buffers containing suitable ions. In the presence of MG2+, lysis was enhanced by 5 mM KCl and 100 mM NaCl. Higher slat concentrations (50 mM KCl or 200 mM NaCl) provided partial protection from lysis. In the absence of Mg2+, lysis occurred without KCl. Lactose-dependent lysis occurred in buffers containing anions such as sulafte, chloride, phosphate, or citrate; however, thiocyanate or acetate protected the cells from lysis. These data indicate that both cations and anions, as well as the levels of lactose transport and beta-galactosidase activity, are important in lysis. PMID- 40962 TI - Transformation in pneumococcus: nuclease resistance of deoxyribonucleic acid in the eclipse complex. AB - Donor deoxyribonucleic acid strands in the eclipse phase of genetic transformation of pnuemococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae) are purified as a complex with a cf the deoxyribonucleic acid strand in this complex to digestion by nucleases was shown to be 50- to 1,000-fold less than that of uncomplexed single strands of deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxyribonuclease I, micrococcal nuclease, Neurospora endonuclease, nuclease P1, and the major endogenous nuclease of cell-free extracts were studied. Sensitivity to nuclease attack was not uniform along the deoxyribonucleic acid strand; sequences of strongly protected bases were separated by more sensitive regions. The minimum size of protected fragments was about 70 bases. A complex of protein with the protected deoxyribonucleic acid segments was obtained after partial digestion. The sizes of these complexes, of the protected deoxyribonucleic acid segments, and of the protein subunit released by complete nuclease digestion, are all approximately identical, as determined by gel exclusion chromatography. Deoxyribonucleic acid strands of eclipse complex were also shown to be particularly well protected from attack by the major pneumococcal endonuclease in cell extracts. PMID- 40963 TI - Properties and function of the proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase of Clostridium perfringens. AB - Growth of Clostridium perfringens was inhibited by compounds which dissipate or prevent the formation of electrochemical proton gradients. Membrane vesicles prepared from this organism exhibited Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity sensitive to N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Mg2+-ATPase activity was optimal of 50 degrees C, but no discrete pH optimum was observed. Adenosine triphosphate-dependent quenching of the fluorescence of the weak base quinacrine by everted membrane vesicles suggested that the Mg2+-ATPase is a proton pump capable of generating an electrochemical proton gradient. Adenosine triphosphate-dependent transport of Ca2+ by everted vesicles was sensitive to uncouplers and inhibitors of the Mg2+-ATPase. PMID- 40964 TI - Prevalence of tardive dyskinesia. AB - Forty-four epidemiologic studies on tardive dyskinesia were evaluated as to whether they provided information on diagnostic criteria, objective scale and assessment, interobserver reliability, period of observation, and specific interhospital coordination. Studies which met these standards were reviewed for data on class of neuroleptic therapy, dose, duration, continuity of treatment, extrapyramidal toxicity, spontaneous dyskinesias, other drugs and treatment modalities, age and sex. A higher prevalence of tardive dyskinesia has been consistently noted in the elderly and in females. No other predisposing factors for tardive dyskinesia have been conclusively demonstrated thus far. Prevalence of tardive dyskinesia is estimated at 24-56% in chronic neuroleptic users. PMID- 40965 TI - The effect of antipsychotic drugs on body weight: a retrospective review. AB - Weight gain in schizophrenic patients during chemotherapy was first reported with chlorpromazine. Since then other antipsychotic drugs have exhibited this effect, while some have reduced weight. A retrospective review of 78 schizophrenic patients revealed that thiothixene, fluphenazine, haloperidol, and thioridazine produced a mean weight gain and loxapine a mean weight loss after 12 and 36 weeks of treatment. The ability of an effective antipsychotic drug, such as loxapine, to prevent weight gain or to produce weight loss offers a clinical advantage in the treatment of those schizophrenic patients where weight gain should be a problem. PMID- 40966 TI - Purification and properties of mouse liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. AB - A simple procedure has been developed for the purification of mouse liver and kidney fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase. In addition to the conventional method, including substrate elution from phosphocellulose, Blue Sepharose column chromatography made the purification procedure highly reproducible. The enzyme from rabbit liver was also purified by this method with a small modification. The isolated preparation was electrophoretically homogeneous. The mouse liver enzyme was identical with the kidney enzyme, and different from the rabbit liver enzyme electrophoretically. The structural properties and the amino acid composition were similar to those of this enzyme from other mammalian livers; the molecular weight was 143,000, subunit size was 37,500, S20, w was 7.0, and partial specific volume was 0.74. Cysteine and methionine residues amounted to 5-6 mol per subunit. Tryptophan was not detected. The Km value for fructose-1,6-bisphosphate was 1.3 microM. The Ki value for AMP was 19 microM. EDTA strongly activated the activity of the mouse liver enzyme at neutral pH. A partial proteolytic digestion of the mouse liver enzyme decreased the activity at neutral pH, and increased it at alkaline pH. PMID- 40967 TI - The alkaline adenosine triphosphatase activity of 30S dynein after modification of the SH groups. Possible involvement of some of the most reactive SH groups. AB - An apparent 'triphasic' alteration of 30S dynein ATPase activity was produced by treatment with various amounts of NEM when the modification and susequent ATPase assay were carried out at pH 7.4 and pH 10-10.2, respectively. The Mg-ATPase activity was markedly inhibited by modification of the most reactive SH groups with 10 microM NEM, although the same treatment had no significant effect on the activity when assayed at neutral pH. Increasing the NEM concentration to 0.3 mM largely restored the enzyme activity, but a further increase in NEM concentration inhibited the enzyme activity again. This unusual response of 30S dynein ATPase at pH 10-10.2 was accounted for by the results of Arrhenius plots of the enzyme activity at pH 10.1; the enzyme protein modified with not more than 10 microM NEM was not stable under the assay conditions (pH 10-10.2 at 25 degrees C), whereas modification with 0.3 mM NEM stabilized 30S dynein against the assay conditions. The possible significance of the 10 microM NEM-induced inhibition of the 30S dynein alkaline ATPase activity is discussed in connection with the participation of SH groups of 30S dynein in the enzyme activity. PMID- 40968 TI - Purification and properties of biliverdin reductases from pig spleen and rat liver. AB - Biliverdin reductase was purified from pig spleen soluble fraction to a purity of more than 90% as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was a monomer protein with a molecular weight of about 34,000. Its isoelectric point was at 6.1-6.2. The enzyme was strictly specific to biliverdin and no other oxiodoreductase activities could be detected in the purified enzyme preparation. The purified enzyme could utilize both NADPH and NADH as electron donors for the reduction of biliverdin. However, there were considerable differences in the kinetic properties of the NADPH-dependent and the NADH-dependent biliverdin reductase activities: Km for NADPH was below 5 microM while that for NADH was 1.5-2 mM; the pH optimum of the reaction with NADPH was 8.5 whereas that of the reaction with NADH was 6.9; Km for biliverdin in the NADPH system was 0.3 microM whereas that in the NADH system was 1-2 microM. In addition, both the NADPH-dependent and NADH-dependent activities were inhibited by excess biliverdin, but this inhibition was far more pronounced in the NADPH system than in the NADH system. IX alpha-biliverdin was the most effective substrate among the four biliverdin isomers, and the dimethylester of IX alpha biliverdin could not serve as a substrate. Biliverdin reductase was also purified about 300-fold from rat liver soluble fraction. The hepatic enzyme was also a monomer protein with a molecular weight of 34,000 and showed properties quite similar to those of the splenic enzyme as regards the biliverdin reductase reaction. The isoelectric point of the hepatic enzyme, however, was about 5.4. It was assumed that NADPH rather than NADH is the physiological electron donor in the intracellular reduction of IX alpha-biliverdin. The stimulatory effects of bovine and human serum albumins on the biliverdin reductase reactions were also examined. PMID- 40969 TI - Guinea pig liver aromatic aldehyde-ketone reductases identical with 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isozymes. AB - Two NADPH-dependent aromatic aldehyde-ketone reductases purified from guinea pig liver catalyzed oxidoreduction of 17 beta-hydroxysteroids and 17-ketosteroids. One enzyme efficiently oxidized 5 beta-androstanes and reduced 17-ketosteroids of A/B cis configuration, whereas the other enzyme efficiently oxidized 5 alpha androstanes and equally reduced both 5 alpha-and 5 beta-androstanes of 17 ketosteroids. However, aromatic aldehydes and ketones, and 3-ketosteroids were irreversibly reduced by the two enzymes. The two enzymes utilized NADP+ or NADPH as cofactor, but little activity with NAD+ or NADH was found. Phosphate ions enhanced the NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase activity and NADH-dependent reductase activity of the two enzymes, whereas the activities with NADP+ and NADPH were not affected. The ratios of the two activities of ketone reduction and 17 beta hydroxysteroid oxidation of the two enzymes were almost constant during the purification steps after the two enzymes had been separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. By kinetic studies and electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing experiments it was confirmed that both of the two enzymes were responsile for the reduction aldehydes, ketones, and ketosteroids and for the oxidation of 17 beta hydroxysteroids. These results indicate that 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases may play important roles in the metabolism of exogeneous aldehydes and ketones as well as steroids. PMID- 40970 TI - The charge stoichiometry of cytochrome c oxidase in the reconstituted system. AB - Purified cytochrome c oxidase was reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles having high internal pH buffering capacity. In the presence of valinomycin, 2 K+ ions were taken up by the vesicles per electron transferred from cytochrome c to oxygen. The charge stoichiometry of 2 was obtained from simultaneous measurement of changes of K+, H+, and oxygen in the medium after addition of the reductant ascorbate/TMPD (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine). The changes in oxygen concentration were measured with a fast responding oxygen electrode (90% response time, 0.4 s). The existence of a proton pump in cytochrome c oxidase could thus be confirmed, and its charge stoichiometry measured, in a reconstituted system uncomplicated by other respiratory chain components. PMID- 40971 TI - Asparaginyl-tRNA aminoacylation levels and asparagine synthetase expression in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 40972 TI - The modification of the catalytic chain sulfhydryl group of aspartate transcarbamylase with mercurinitrophenols. PMID- 40973 TI - Structure of tetanus toxin. Demonstration and separation of a specific enzyme converting intracellular tetanus toxin to the extracellular form. AB - Protease activity has been demonstrated in culture supernatants of Clostridium tetani at various stages of fermentation. Gel chromatography of the concentrated filtrates revealed the presence of three enzymatically active fractions eluting at separate positions off the column. The smallest protease was found to "nick" the single chain intracellular tetanus toxin, producing the extracellular, two chain structure of the molecule. As little as 3 ng of active protease were sufficient to cleave 50 microgram of intracellular tetanus toxin, suggesting that this enzyme is responsible for the observed structural change of the toxin molecule during its release into the culture medium. By comparison, the second protease, eluting at an intermediate position, exhibited only marginal activity towards intracellular toxin. The third, largest, enzyme was not active under the conditions of the assay. However, the latter protease effectively hydrolyzed low molecular weight histidyl peptides, and it is concluded that this enzyme is similar to the one described by Miller, P.A. Gray, C.T., and Eaton, M.D. (1960) J. Bacteriol. 79, 95-102. The properties of the partially purified enzymes, including their differential behavior towards a number of protease inhibitors, are reported. PMID- 40974 TI - Conformation in solution of hemoglobin Osler (alpha 2 A beta 2 145 Tyr replaced by Asp). AB - Computer simulations of Gelin and Karplus ((1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 801-805) suggest that in hemoglobin upon ligation the penultimate tyrosyl residues of the subunits are not expelled from the hydrophobic pockets described in the crystals between the helices E and F (Perutz, M.F. (1970) Nature 228, 726 737). This implies that both the liganded and unliganded conformations of hemoglobin may be affected by mutations involving such residues. Investigation of the conformational behavior of liganded and unliganded hemoglobin Osler was conducted measuring the functional properties, the subunits dissociation, the CD and electronic spectra, the protons absorption upon interaction with polyanions, and the reactivity of the -SH groups of the protein. The results suggest that both the liganded and unliganded conformations of the system are affected by the mutation, confirming the anticipations of Gelin and Karplus on the relevance of tyrosine at beta 145 for both allosteric states of hemoglobin. PMID- 40975 TI - Kinetic studies on the cooperative ligand binding by valency hybrid hemoglobins. Hemoglobin M Saskatoon and cyanomet hybrids. PMID- 40976 TI - The catalytic site of AMP nucleosidase. Substrate specificity and pH effects with AMP and formycin 5'-PO4. PMID- 40977 TI - Studies on the interaction of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase with NADPH. Effects of pH and substrates on the enzyme . NADPH complex formation. PMID- 40978 TI - Biological amine transport in chromaffin ghosts. Coupling to the transmembrane proton and potential gradients. AB - The effect of the transmembrane proton gradient (delta pH) and potential gradient (delta psi) upon the rate and extent of amine accumulation was investigated in chromaffin ghosts. The chromaffin ghosts were formed by hypo-osmotic lysis of isolated bovine chromaffin granules and extensive dialysis in order to remove intragranular binding components and dissipate the endogenous electrochemical gradients. Upon ATP addition to suspensions of chromaffin ghosts, a transmembrane proton gradient alone, a transmembrane gradient alone, or both, could be established, depending upon the compositions of the media in which the ghosts were formed and resuspended. When chloride was present in the medium, addition of ATP resulted in the generation of a transmembrane proton gradient, acidic inside of 1 pH unit (measured by [14C]methylamine distribution), and no transmembrane potential (measured by [14C]-thiocyanate distribution). When ATP was added to chromaffin ghosts suspended in a medium in which chloride was substituted by isethionate, a transmembrane potential, inside positive, of 45 mV and no transmembrane proton gradient, was measured. In each medium, the addition of agents known to affect proton or potential gradients, respectively, exerted a predictable mechanism of action. Accumulation of [14C]epinephrine or [14C]5 hydroxytryptamine was over 1 order of magnitude greater in the presence of the transmembrane proton gradient or the transmembrane potential than in the absence of any gradient and, moreover, was related to the magnitude of the proton or potential gradient in a dose-dependent manner. When ghosts were added to a medium containing chloride and isethionate, both a delta pH and delta psi could be generated upon addition of ATP. In this preparation, the maximal rate of amine accumulation was observed. The results indicate that amine accumulation into chromaffin ghosts can occur in the presence of either a transmembrane proton gradient, or a transmembrane potential gradient, and that the maximal rate of accumulation may exist when both components of the protonmotive force are present. PMID- 40979 TI - Proton movements in response to a light-driven electrogenic pump for sodium ions in Halobacterium halobium membranes. PMID- 40980 TI - Levels of chromosomal protein high mobility group 2 parallel the proliferative activity of testis, skeletal muscle, and other organs. PMID- 40981 TI - Studies on heart phosphofructokinase. Decavanadate as a potent allosteric inhibitor at alkaline and acidic pH. PMID- 40982 TI - NMR studies of the quaternary structure and heterogeneity of nitrosyl- and methemoglobin. AB - NMR was used to study the quaternary structure of nitrosyl- and methemoglobin, the kinetics and equilibrium behavior of nitric oxide binding, and the oxidation of hemoglobin. The -9.6 ppm (from H2O) resonance was used as a measure of nitrosylhemoglobin molecules in the T quaternary structure. We found that stripped nitrosylhemoglobin is 70% in the T state below pH 6.4, and is in the R state above. Inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) raises this transition point to pH 7.5. For stripped aquomethemoglobin, the T marker at -10 ppm is absent. In IHP, at pH 6.5 all of the molecules are in the T state. At both higher and lower pH they shift to the R state. The intensity decreases to half of its maximum at pH 5.5 and 7.4. The relative affinity of nitric oxide binding to the alpha and beta subunits was inferred from the intensities of the resonances at -12 and -18 ppm. Under conditions in which nitrosylhemoglobin exists in the T state, NO binds to the alpha subunit 10 times more strongly than it does to the beta subunit. The kinetic experiments reveal that it binds to the two subunits at the same rate and that it dissociates at 5 x 10(-3) s-1 from the beta subunit and at 5 x 10(-4) s-1 from alpha subunit. At high pH, the two subunits are ligated at the same rate. Potassium ferricyanide oxidation, at pH 6.0 in the absence of IHP, is about 3 times more favorable for the alpha than the beta subunit. Addition of IHP raises this preferential oxidation slightly. At pH 8.44, both alpha and beta subunits were oxidized at the same rate. PMID- 40983 TI - Intramitochondrial phospholipase activity and the effects of Ca2+ plus N ethylmaleimide on mitochondrial function. AB - Liver mitochondria treated with N-ethylmaleimide can accumulate Ca2+ but cannot retain it. Ca2+ loss following uptake occurs in parallel with a proton uptake and collapse of the membrane potential. Respiration is not activated during Ca2+ release and cannot be stimulated by uncoupler. After Ca2+ release and accompanying phenomena are nearly complete, the mitochondria undergo a large amplitude swelling. Nupercaine inhibits the premature release of Ca2+, proton uptake, decline in membrane potential, inhibition of uncoupler-stimulated respiration, and large amplitude swelling. Ruthenium red also prevents these effects. Neither Sr2+ or Mn2+ will substitute for Ca2+ to induce these effects in N-ethylmaleimide-treated mitochondria. The effects of N-ethylmaleimide plus Ca2+ on mitochondria are not accompanied by a significant alteration in the content or composition of phospholipids but are accompanied by small increases in the mitochondrial content of free fatty acids. Free fatty acids accumulate more rapidly in response to limited Ca2+ loading in the absence of N-ethylmaleimide than they do in its presence. In the absence of N-ethylmaleimide, polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated plus monounsaturated fatty acids accumulate at nearly equal rates. In the presence of N-ethylmaleimide, polyunsaturated fatty acids accumulate more rapidly than saturated plus monounsaturated fatty acids. Any condition or agent tested which inhibited swelling and the other effects produced by Ca2+ plus N-ethylmaleimide also prevented the more rapid accumulation of polyunsaturated, compared to saturated plus monounsaturated, fatty acids. In the light of a positional analysis of phospholipid acyl moieties, these data suggest that 1-acyllysophospholipids accumulate in swelling mitochondria but not in response to noraml Ca2+ loading or when swelling is blocked by other agents. The free fatty acid accumulation, per se, is not responsible for swelling, but levels of exogenous palmitic acid as low as 1 nmol/mg of protein dramatically alter the dependence of swelling velocity on Ca2+ concentration, producing a shift from a sigmoidal- to a hyperbolic-like relationship. This same alteration is brought about by aging the mitochondrial preparation at 0 degrees C. Either pyruvate or DL-carnitine prevents the effect of exogenous palmitate and restores the Aa2+ swelling dependence of aged N-ethylmaleimide-treated mitochondria to that of fresh N-ethylmaleimide-treated mitochondria. Intramitochondrial acylcoenzyme A or acylcarnitine, or both, therefore, to be the modulator of Ca2+ sensitivity rather than free fatty acid. The findings are discussed in terms of the role of intramitochondrial phospholipase and other phospholipid metabolizing enzymes in the mechanisms of N-ethylmaleimide plus Ca2+ effects on mitochondria. PMID- 40984 TI - Stoichiometry of H+ translocation coupled to electron flow from succinate to cytochrome c in mitochondria. PMID- 40985 TI - Amino acid sequence of the biotinyl subunit from transcarboxylase. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the biotinyl subunit from the enzyme transcarboxylase of Propionibacterium shermanii has been determined from the structures of overlapping tryptic and cyanogen bromide peptides together with sequenator analysis on the whole subunit. The subunit contains 123 amino acid residues. Eleven of nineteen residues in the region of biotin attachment, when compared to pyruvate carboxylase from avian liver (Rylatt, D. B., Keech, D. B., and Wallace, J. C. (1977) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 183, 113-122), were found to be in identical positions relative to biocytin. There was less homology with acetyl CoA carboxylase from Escherichia coli (Sutton, M. R., Fall, R. R., Nervi, A. M., Alberts, A. W., Vagelos, P. R., and Bradshaw, R. A. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 3934-3940), but in all of these biotin enzymes there was an alanylmethionyl biocytinyl-methionine sequence. The secondary structure of the biotinyl subunit has been estimated using the method of Chou and Fasman (Chou, P. Y., and Fasman, G. D. (1978) Adv. Enzymol. 47, 45-148) and considered in relationship to the role of the biotinyl subunit in the structure and function in transcarboxylase. PMID- 40986 TI - Hormonal regulation of the terminal enzyme of microsomal stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase in cultured avian liver explants. Role of insulin. PMID- 40987 TI - Characterization of the light-driven sodium pump of Halobacterium halobium. Consequences of sodium efflux as the primary light-driven event. PMID- 40988 TI - Nitric oxide induced conformational changes in opossum hemoglobin. AB - Opossum hemoglobin assumes a T quaternary structure upon NO ligation in the absence of organic phophates at pH 6.7. In addition, stripped opossum hemoglobin exhibits a low oxygen affinity when compared to human hemoglobin and a pH dependent heme-heme interaction with an n value of 2.14 at pH 7.0 and 2.46 at pH 7.35. These observations indicate that opossum hemoglobin may have a destabilized oxy structure when compared to hemoglobin A due to differences in primary structure. Thus, the strong trans ligand effect of nitric oxide is able to disrupt the proximal histidine-iron bond in the alpha-hemes triggering a conformational transition to the T state. Absence of a distal histidine in the alpha-subunits and, therefore an impaired donor acceptor interaction with the sixth ligand, could contribute to the lack of stability of the R quaternary structure in opossum nitrosylhemoglobin. The reduced oxygen affinity of opossum hemoglobin may be compensated for by other physiological factors such as a reduced phosphate effect. PMID- 40989 TI - The interaction of inositol pentaphosphate with the hemoglobins of highland and lowland geese. AB - We have studied the binding of inositol pentaphosphate (IPP) to the hemoglobins from two species of goose living at low and high altitudes, using the proton absorption method. Measurements were done at 25 and 37 degrees C in a pH range between 6.0 and 8.8. The bird hemoglobins show a high affinity and a binding stoichiometry of 1 IPP molecule/hemoglobin tetramer both in the ligated and unligated state, indicating the same binding site for IPP in oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. The results indicate that the interaction of IPP with both geese hemoglobins is very similar. For the deoxyhemoglobins of both species the IPP binding constant shows a strong pH dependence extending over a wide pH range (i.e. +/- 2 x 10(6) M at pH 8.8 and +/- 6 x 10(10) M at pH 6.0). The binding constant of IPP for the oxyhemoglobins shows a much weaker pH dependence (i.e. +/ 4 x 10(4) M at pH 8.8 and +/- 3 x 10(6) M at pH 6.0), indicating that the interaction of IPP with the goose hemoglobin is strongly dependent on the state of ligation of the protein. The IPP binding constants for the oxy- and deoxyhemoglobins are found to be in good agreement with the IPP-induced change in oxygen affinity of both hemoglobins as estimated from oxygen binding curves. PMID- 40990 TI - Spectral transitions of nitrosyl hemes during ligand binding to hemoglobin. AB - Human deoxyhemoglobin has been titrated with nitric oxide at several pH values ranging from 6.0 to 9.0, in the presence and absence of the allosteric effector inositol hexaphosphate at 25 degrees C. Samples were frozen for EPR measurements or analyzed optically within 30 s after mixing to ensure a kinetic population of intermediates. Fractions of pentacoordinate alpha-NO heme groups were determined by fitting EPR and absorbance difference spectra in terms of linear combinations of standard signals. Equivalent results were obtained by these techniques. The fraction of alpha-NO heme exhibiting pentacoordinate character in Hb4NO increases from 0.07 to 0.73 in going from pH 9 to 6. The fraction of alpha hemes which are pentacoordinate in fully saturated nitrosyl hemoglobin, Hb4(NO), increases from 0.0 to 0.41 over the same pH range. Only in the presence of bound inositol-P6 are all 4 the alpha-NO hemes pentacoordinate. Thus, the expression of modified NO heme character is not simply a reflection of the formation of low affinity quaternary conformations. Rather, within this conformation the alpha chain iron atoms exhibit an equilibrium between hexa- and pentacoordinate structures which is perturbed markedly by both proton and phosphate binding. No intermediate coordination structure of the type suggested by Chevion et al. (Chevion, M., Stern, A., Peisach, J., Blumberg, W.E., and Simon, S. (1978) Biochemistry 17, 1745-1750) appears to occur since the observed alpha-NO heme spectra can always by represented quantitatively as a linear combination of the normal hexacoordinate and pentacoordinate signals. The formation of pentacoordinate alpha-NO causes this subunit to exhibit a higher affinity for nitric oxide. Thus on standing at low levels of saturation, there is a slow (t1/2 approximately equal to 8 min at pH 7, 25 degrees C) re-equilibration of ligand from beta to alpha subunits. The final ratio of alpha-NO to beta-NO is 2 to 1 in the absence of phosphates and greater than 10 to 1 in the presence of inositol hexaphosphate. PMID- 40991 TI - Rat lingual lipase. Characteristics of enzyme activity. PMID- 40992 TI - X-ray diffraction and solution studies of specifically carbamylated human hemoglobin A. Evidence for the location of a proton- and oxygen-linked chloride binding site at valine 1 alpha. PMID- 40993 TI - Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-catalyzed cleavage of the glycosidic bond of 5 halogenated uridines. AB - Because of previous data suggesting that aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases make a transient Michael adduct with a specific uridine residue in the tRNA structure, (Schoemaker, H.J.P., and Schimmel, P.R. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 5454-5460) attempts were made to find simple model systems in which this reaction might be studied in more detail. In the course of these investigations, it was found that Escherichia coli Ile-tRNA synthetase catalyzes cleavage of the glycosidic bond of 5-bromouridine. At pH 7.5, ambient temperatures, the turnover number is roughly 5/h. 5-Fluoro-, 5-chloro-, and 5-iodouridine are also cleaved in an analogous way by Ile-tRNA synthetase. In the case of uridine, conversion of uridine to uracil and ribose was also detected, but with a smaller turnover number. Three other E. coli and one mammalian aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were also examined and all were found to catalyze glycosidic bond cleavage of 5-bromouridine. The data indicate that, in general, synthetases have a catalytic center that shows an unusual reactivity for uridine. PMID- 40994 TI - A calorimetric study of the interaction of ATP with rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase. AB - The heat of interaction of ATP with phosphofructokinase from rabbit muscle was determined at 25 degrees C in 0.1 M potassium phosphate, pH 7.0 and 8.0. The limiting value of the enthalpy change at high ATP concentrations was found to be 11.5 kcal mol of enzyme polypeptide chains. Since phosphate and imidazole have very different heats of ionization (+0.8 and +7.5 kcal/mol, respectively), this suggests that the binding of at least two protons to the enzyme occurs concomitantly with the binding of ATP at the regulatory site. PMID- 40995 TI - Effect of polymethylpolysaccharides on the hydrolysis of palmitoyl coenzyme A by a thioesterase from Mycobacterium smegmatis. PMID- 40996 TI - Effects of thiols, sugars, and proteins on nitric oxide activation of guanylate cyclase. AB - Purification of soluble guanylate cyclase from rat liver resulted in an apparent loss of enzyme activation by nitric oxide that could be restored by dithiothreitol. methemoglobin, bovine serum albumin, or sucrose. Although hemoglobin also permitted some activation with nitric oxide, the effect of other agents to restore enzyme activation was prevented with hemoglobin. As a result of enzyme purification, there is an alteration of the dose-response relationship for nitric oxide activation. After partial enzyme purification, relatively high concentrations of nitric oxide that were stimulatory in crude enzyme preparations had no effect on enzyme activity. However, partially purified or homogeneous enzyme was activated by lower concentrations of nitric oxide. The bell-shaped dose-response curve for nitric oxide was shifted to the left with guanylate cyclase purification. The addition of dithiothreitol, methemoglobin, bovine serum albumin, or sucrose to enzyme markedly broadens the dose-response curve for nitric oxide. Thus, the apparent loss of responsiveness to nitric oxide with purification is a function of increased sensitivity of guanylate cyclase to nitric oxide. Increased sensitivity to nitric oxide with enzyme purification probably results from the removal of heme, proteins, and small molecules that can serve as scavengers or sinks for nitric oxide and prevent excessive oxidation of the enzyme. PMID- 40997 TI - Interconversion of carbamayl-L-aspartate and L-dihydroorotate by dihydroorotase from mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. PMID- 40998 TI - Assessment of the need to replace the first International Reference Preparatin of Neomycin. PMID- 40999 TI - Fatigue in industry. AB - Physical fatigue is a painful phenomenon which is localised in overstressed muscles. Mental fatigue is a diffuse sensation of weariness; it is a functional state, one of several intermediate conditions between the two extremes of alarm and sleep. A neurophysiological model of fatigue, involving an activating and inhibitory system has been developed. Fatigue in industrial practice has clinical symptoms: psychic instability, fits of depression and increased liability to illness. Indicators of fatigue are work of performance, subjective feelings of fatigue, electroencephalography, flicker-fusion frequency and various psychomotor and mental tests. Several field studies do, to some extent, confirm the above mentioned concept of fatigue. PMID- 41000 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the nineteenth annual meeting. The American Society for Cell Biology. Toronto, Ontario, Canada 4-8 November 1979. PMID- 41001 TI - Characterization of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli by using rapid slide tests for beta-lactamase production. AB - A total of 175 isolates of anaerobic gram-negative bacilli were tested for beta lactamase production by using a slide test modification of the chromogenic cephalosporin (Nitrocefin, Glaxo, Middlesex, England) assay and the iodometric slide test. Included isolates were Bacteroides melaninogenicus (46), B. fragilis (78), other Bacteroides isolates (21), Fusobacterium (25), and other gram negative bacilli (5). Both slide tests detected 25 B. melaninogenicus isolates that were beta-lactamase producers (minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin was greater than 0.78 micrograms/ml). beta-Lactamase produced by the other gram-negative anaerobes could only be detected by the Nitrocefin assay. This assay was positive in 70 or 77 B. fragilis against which the minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin was greater than 0.78 micrograms/ml. Ten of 11 other species of Bacteroides against which the minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin was greater than 0.78 micrograms/ml were also Nitrocefin test positive. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin against all isolates of Fusobacterium and unidentifified gram-negative bacilli were less than or equal to 0.78 micrograms/ml and were Nitrocefin assay negative. beta Lactamase-producing strains of B. melaninogenicus can be differentiated because both the slide iodometric and Nitrocefin assays will be positive, whereas beta lactamase produced by other Bacteroides will only be detected by the Nitrocefin assay. Such penicillin-resistant isolates could be detected and reported to clinicians before final identification. PMID- 41002 TI - Mechanisms of killing of newborn larvae of Trichinella spiralis by neutrophils and eosinophils. Killing by generators of hydrogen peroxide in vitro. AB - Eosinophil and/or neutrophil leukocytes appear to have important roles in host defense against invasive, migratory helminth infestations, but the mechanisms of larval killing by leukocytes are uncertain. This study examines killing of newborn (migratory phase) larvae of Trichinella spiralis during incubation with granule preparations of human eosinophils or neutrophils and generators of hydrogen peroxide (glucose-glucose oxidase) (G-GO) or superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (xanthine-xanthine oxidase). Larvae were killed by either hydrogen peroxide-generating system in a concentration-dependent manner. Direct enumeration of surviving larvae after incubation in microtiter wells containing the appropriate reagents was used in assess larval killing. Verification of the microplate assay was demonstrated by complete loss of larval ability to incorporate [(3)H]deoxyglucose and loss of infectivity after incubation in comparable concentrations of G-GO. Larvae were highly sensitive to oxidative products; significant killing occurred after incubation with 0.12 mU glucose oxidase and complete killing occurred with 0.5 mU. Comparable killing of bacteria required over 60 mU glucose oxidase. At 5 mU glucose oxidase, killing was complete after 6 h of incubation. Killing by G-GO was inhibited by catalase but not by boiled catalase or superoxide dismutase and was enhanced by azide. Addition of peroxidase in granule pellet preparations of eosinophils or neutrophils did not enhance killing by G-GO. These data indicate a remarkable susceptibility of newborn larvae of T. spiralis to the hydrogen peroxide generated by neutrophil and eosinophil leukocytes. PMID- 41004 TI - Pneumococcal type 4 typing sera cross-react with type 2 pneumococcus. PMID- 41003 TI - Humoral factor that specifically regulates factor X levels in rabbits (coagulopoietin-X). AB - A heat-stable humoral substance (coagulopoietin-X) is present in rabbits partially depleted of Factor X, which is capable of raising Factor X levels when injected into recipient rabbits. Rabbits were partially depleted of Factor X by slow infusion of a globulin fraction of goat anti-rabbit Factor X antibody. This resulted in the reduction of Factor X to 40--50% of normal at 1 h and 60--70% of normal at 6 h. No effect was noted on levels of Factors II, V, or VII. Plasma from these animals, when injected into 10 recipients, specifically raised Factor X levels when measured by four different assay: one-stage assay with bovine VII- and X-deficient plasma and Russell's viper venom; one-stage assay with human X deficient plasma and thromboplastin; chromogenic substrate assay with Russell's viper venom; and an immunologic assay (Laurell technique). No rise was noted in two control experiments in which normal plasma was injected into recipient rabbits from 2 rabbits injected with a globulin fraction of normal goat serum, nor in 12 rabbits injected with plasma from normal rabbits, nor in 5 rabbits injected with boiled plasma from normal rabbits. The rise in biologic activity of 120--150% of base line was significantly greater than the rise in immunologic activity of 114--117% of base line (P less than 0.05) on 3 different days, suggesting the production of a molecule with greater specific activity rather than increased protein synthesis. PMID- 41005 TI - Pacific Dermatologic Association. Thirtieth Annual Meeting, Coronado, CA, Sept. 18-21, 1978. PMID- 41006 TI - Activation of particulate guanylate cyclase by nitroprusside and MNNG after filipin treatment. AB - Particulate guanylate cyclase from rat lung was stimulated less than 2-fold by agents capable of activating the soluble guanylate cyclase, including sodium nitroprusside, MNNG, azide and hydroxylamine. The action of the first two agents was potentiated by 10 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, and that of the last two by catalase. Pretreatment of the particulate enzyme with the polyene antibiotic, filipin, potentiated the stimulatory effects of the activators, activity with 1 mM nitroprusside in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol being increased 10.4-fold over basal. The enzyme treated with filipin and nitroprusside showed less specificity for Mn2+, as it was able to use Mg2+ as sole cation more efficiently than the untreated enzyme. Since filipin is known to alter membrane fluidity by interacting with membrane cholesterol, it is proposed that the activity of membrane bound guanylate cylase may be regulated in part by the fluid state of the phospholipid matrix. PMID- 41007 TI - Inorganic constituents of milk: I. Correlation of soluble calcium with citrate in bovine milk. AB - A high correlation was found between soluble calcium and citrate concentrations during a study of seasonal changes in the composition of the commercial milk supply to South-west Scotland. A simple physicochemical model of the ion equilibria in the aqueous phase of milk suggests that the observed correlation is causal. This hypothesis was corroborated by an analysis of data on individual cow milks and by experiments involving the addition of citrate to milk at constant pH. PMID- 41008 TI - Review of the progress of Dairy Science: the milk proteinase system. PMID- 41009 TI - Contribution of therapist warmth to the contact desensitization treatment of acrophobia. PMID- 41010 TI - Anxiety research in educational psychology. PMID- 41011 TI - Ten years experience with the use of B-adrenergic blockers in the pre-operative preparation of thyrotoxic patients. PMID- 41013 TI - The 98th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Salt Lake City, Utah, 26 30 November 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 41012 TI - Current topics in tetanus. PMID- 41015 TI - Women in Medicine Research Symposium: papers delivered at the 1978 annual meeting of the Association of American Medical Colleges. PMID- 41016 TI - Podiatric aspects of children in sports. PMID- 41014 TI - Recognition and management of the depressed dental patient. AB - Depressive illness may affect the patient's response to dental care. It has been implicated both as a causal factor and a sequela in facial pain syndromes. Depression is treated with various medications that may influence function and health of the oral cavity and that may adversely interact with drugs used to control pain and anxiety. PMID- 41018 TI - B cell function in human marrow transplant recipients assessed by direct and indirect hemolysis-in-gel assays. PMID- 41019 TI - Slow reacting substance (SRS) from ionophore A23187-stimulated human leukemic basophils. I. Evidence for a precursor role of arachidonic acid and initial purification. AB - SRS was generated from human leukemic basophils upon stimulation with ionophore A23187. Radiolabel from [14C]-AA was incorporated into SRS with continued comigration of radioactivity and bioactivity through several chromatographic systems including DEAE-cellulose, silicic acid, and RP-HPLC. Human basophilic leukemia SRS displayed physiochemical properties similar to those of rat basophilic leukemia cell SRS. PMID- 41020 TI - A combined alkali extraction--ethidium bromide technique for the measurement of DNA in small pieces of tissue. AB - Alkaline solutions (0.1--0.5 N NaOH) at elevated temperatures can be used to extract DNA from small pieces of tissue. RNA is destroyed by the treatment. In tissues which have been previously exposed to tritiated thymidine, aliquots from the extracting solution can be used directly for the determination of DNA by ethidium bromide fluorescence and radioactivity in both DNA and the nucleotide pool. PMID- 41021 TI - [Regulatory mechanisms of membrane lipids--with reference to environmental adaptation (author's transl)]. PMID- 41022 TI - [Two cases of Takayasu's arteritis associated with pyoderma gangrenosum (author's transl)]. PMID- 41023 TI - Vitamin B12 absorption studied by vascular perfusion of rat intestine. AB - The study of vitamin B12 release from the ileal enterocyte has been hampered by the fact that B12 does not cross the serosa of traditional everted ileal sacs. We studied this release by perfusing the superior mesenteric arteries of starved, heparinized, etherized rats and collecting perfusate from the superior mesenteric vein. The rats were fed 57CoB12 well before study. The standard perfusion medium was Krebs-Henseleit-NaHCO3 buffer containing glucose, dextran, albumin, propranolol, and dexamethasone. The preparation utilized glucose and O2, produced lactate, and was relatively impermeable to [14C]inulin, to D-xylose, and to 57CoB12 bound to an inert human IF. Glucose placed in the gut lumen was transported much more rapidly than D-xylose. Vitamin B12 emerged in the perfusate bound to a protein with a molecular size similar to that of TC II. IF could not be identified in the perfusate. Rat serum, independently of its unsaturated TC II content, increased the rate of transfer of B12 into the perfusate. PMID- 41024 TI - The medical management of the patient with recurrent affective disorder. PMID- 41025 TI - [Clinical study of injectable sermion in otologic diseases]. PMID- 41026 TI - Characteristics of azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa via 270-MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - Assignments of resonances in the 1H nmr spectra of Cu(I) azurin to proton groups in the protein are discussed in detail. Comparisons are drawn between Cu(I), Cu(II), apo, Hg(II), and Co(II) azurin samples. Redox titration of Cu(I) azurin with K3Fe(CN)6, is used to correlate Cu(I) and Cu(II) 1H nmr spectral features, and observed line broadenings deriving from Cu(II) paramagnetic effects are used to deduce the distances of assigned proton groups from the copper center. Histidine residues are characterized in terms of pK values, rates of acid-base exchange near the the pK, and rates of C2H exchange with solvent deuterium. The possibility of histidine involvement in the azurincytochrome 551 electron exchange mechanism is discussed. A small number of NH protons observed to be distinctively inert to 2H exchange with solvent 2H2O, in the Cu(I) protein, are found to show increased lability on removal of the metal. PMID- 41027 TI - Acylation of lysophosphatidylserine by rat brain microsomes. PMID- 41028 TI - Effects of sulfhydryl reagents on brain microtubule-associated ATPase activity in vitro. PMID- 41029 TI - Influence of cerebral embolism on brain monoamines. AB - In baboons the right cerebral hemisphere was embolised by a shower of microemboli, immediately followed by one large embolus designed to occlude the middle cerebral artery (MCA). One hour after embolism a significant, though small, reduction in blood flow and oxygen consumption of the embolised hemisphere was recorded, at which time the animals were killed and brain monoamines measured. Dopamine was reduced in the ipsilateral caudate nucleus, the reported site of maximal ischaemic damage in this model. Dopamine levels were increased in frontal and occipital grey matter sampled from areas surrounding the occluded MCA territory and in similar brain areas of the opposite non-embolised hemisphere. Noradrenaline was increased in grey matter from both cerebral hemispheres, as well as subcortical structures bilaterally. Brain 5-hydroxytryptamine levels were unaltered, but increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid suggested transient alteration in 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism after embolism. The effects of cerebral embolism on brain monoamine metabolism appear to be different from the effects of permanent surgical occlusion of major cerebral vessels. The bilaterality of effects after unilateral hemispheric embolism might be related to diaschisis. The mechanisms of the observed changes, as well as their relevance to the progression of cerebral ischaemia and the complications associated with cerebral embolism, still require to be established. PMID- 41030 TI - Effect of vitamin B6 deficiency on the levels of several water-soluble vitamins in tissues of germ-free and conventional rats. AB - The influence of vitamin B6 deficiency on the levels of several water-soluble vitamins and on acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase activity was investigated using of germ-free and conventional rats. Judging from the vitamin B6 levels in tissues and the percent of decrease, the degree of vitamin B6 deficiency was more severe in the tissues of deficient germ-free rats than in deficient conventional rats. Nicotine acid, pantothenic acid and biotin levels per wet weight significantly decreased in the liver of vitaminB6-deficient germ-free rats, and nicotine acid levels per wet weight significant decreased in the liver of deficient conventional rats. In the kidney of vitamin B6-deficient germ-free rats, a significant decrease in riboflavin and biotin levels was observed, although there was no observable difference in riboflavin, nicotinic acid, biotin and patothenic acid levels in the kidney of deficient conventional rats. From an enzymatic standpoint, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase activity was especially significantly decreased in both germ-free and conventional rats fed a vitamin B6-deficient diet, and the percent od decrease was more in germ-free rats than in conventional ones. These findings suggest that vitamin B6 deficiency had stronger effects on the levels of water-soluble vitamins in germ-free rats compared with conventional rats. PMID- 41031 TI - Purification and properties of transketolase from pig liver. I. An attempt to resolve the enzyme into apoenzyme and cofactors. AB - Transketolase, sedoheptulose-7-phosphate: D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycolaldehyde-transferase [EC 2.2.1.1], was extracted from pig liver and purified 96-fold by ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by column chromatography using DEAE-cellulose and a Sephadex G-200. Transketolase from pig liver was stable at pH 6.0 and above, whereas it was unstable at lower pH values. It could be resolved into apoenzyme and thiamine pyrophosphate in an acidic medium, in contrast to baker's or brewer's yeast transketolase which resolved in an alkaline solution. All the activity of pig liver transketolase was lost upon incubation at pH 5.0 for two hours even at 0 degrees C but about 40% of the original activity could be restored by the addition of excess thiamine pyrophosphate and CaCl2. Restoration of the activity was achieved effectively at pH 7.6-8.0. PMID- 41032 TI - Influences of oyster or clam feeding on lipid metabolism in rats. AB - Rats were fed on three kinds of diets for two weeks: (I) basal diet, (II) containing 0.1% cholate and (III) containing 0.1% cholesterol and 0.1% cholate. Each dietary group was further divided into subgroups to whose diet was added 0, 5 or 10% (dry weight) of minced oyster (Callocorchina) or clam (Tapes japonica). The serum and liver cholesterol levels of the rats fed the basal diet were reduced by feeding oyster or clam. The serum and liver triglyceride levels of all dietary groups were lowered markedly by feeding oyster or clam. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and acetyl-CoA carboxylase were markedly reduced in the basal groups fed oyster or clam. These effects were observed in 5 and 10% shellfish feeding. These shellfish may be considered hypolipidemic foods. PMID- 41033 TI - Withdrawal symptoms from combined alcohol and minor tranquilizer intake. PMID- 41034 TI - Fluoride action on acid resistance of unaltered human surface enamel. AB - Unaltered surface enamel of extracted human teeth was subjected to tests of resistance to dissolution in 10 mM acetic acid at pH 4.0 and 10 mM EDTA at pH 7.4 in a miniature continuous flow system. Fluoride in EDTA had no effect on enamel dissolution. Inclusion of 0.25, 0.50 and 5.0 mM NaF in the acid at pH 4.0 greatly increased the resistance of the enamel to dissolution. The 0.5 mM NaF in the acid almost instantly reduced enamel dissolution and the effect persisted through the 1 h experiments. These results suggested that the acid labile fluoride in plaque and tooth minerals may provide the primary beneficial effect of all types of enamel fluoridation. PMID- 41035 TI - [A bacteriological investigation of acute purulent otitis media (author's transl)]. PMID- 41036 TI - An in vitro model for assessing drug availability from lipophilic vehicles. AB - An apparatus for studying the rate of release of a solute from a water-immiscible solvent into an acidic, aqueous liquid, followed by permeation through a simulated lipid membrane, is described. The object was to imitate the absorption of a drug after oral administration in a soft gelatin capsule. Rate constants of transfer were determined for a series of substituted benzoic acids, using octanol and isopropyl myristate as solvents. The quantity of solute in the acidic phase did not correlate with the solvent-water distribution coefficient, but was linearly related to the rate constant for transfer from solvent to water. A dynamic system was therefore postulated, rather than one in which the two phases are in equilibrium. In vivo studies on two of the solutes confirmed the in vitro observations. No simple relationship could be derived between blood concentrations and any in vitro parameter, but the rank order of magnitude of the blood concentrations fitted the postulated dynamic mechanism. PMID- 41037 TI - Precise spectrophotometry of small quantities of drugs in the presence of irreproducible quantities of impurities. AB - A variety of methods of spectrophotometric assay of compounds in the presence of one or more irrelevant impurities have been recently described, employing, for example, the use of Legendre polynomials and trigonometric functions. The use of least-squares solutions of overdetermined systems (Scheid 1968) in spectrophotometry is outlined, with conditions under which simplified overdetermined systems have been used for precise spectrophotometric assay of small quantities of drug substances in the presence of largely irreproducible quantities of irrelevant impurities. PMID- 41038 TI - The effect of 2-substitution on conformations and brain concentrations of phenothiazine-neuroleptics in relation to dopamine-antagonism. PMID- 41039 TI - The effects of physiocochemical properties of pethidine and its basic metabolites on their buccal absorption and renal elimination. AB - The pKa values, RF values, partition coefficients between n-heptane and phosphate buffer (pH = 7.4), and buccal absorption tests of pethidine and its basic metabolites, norpethidine and pethidine N-oxide, have been determined. The amounts of these compounds recovered in the 48 h urine samples after intramuscular administration of pethidine (1.5 mg kg-1) to six healthy subjects varies with urinary pH values: the recovery from acidic urine (pH 5.0) is 15.2 to 52.0%, 6.7 to 12.9% and 0.2 to 2.3% of dose for pethidine, norpethidine and pethidine N-oxide respectively; in alkaline urine (pH 8.0) the values are 0.8 to 1.8%, 0.6 to 2.8% and 0.3 to 2.1% respectively. The physicochemical properties (pKa values, RF values, partition coefficients) and buccal absorption of pethidine, norpethidine and pethidine N-oxide are in good agreement with the pattern of their renal elimination in acidic and alkaline urine conditions. The contribution of the physiocochemical properties of pethidine and its metabolites to the drug's disposition in the body and the effect of urinary pH on its metabolism should be taken into account in pharmacokinetic studies and interpretation of intersubject variation in response to pethidine. PMID- 41040 TI - Effects of antirheumatic drugs on protein sulphydryl reactivity of human serum. PMID- 41041 TI - pA2 values of selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on isolated atria demonstrate a species difference in the beta-adrenoceptor populations mediating chronotropic responses in cat and guinea-pig. AB - pA2 values for atenolol (beta 1-selective) and alpha-methylpropranolol (beta 2 selective) have been determined on isolated atria of cat and guinea-pig using noradrenaline (beta 1-selective) and fenoterol (beta 2-selective) as agonists. On guinea-pig atria, the pA2 values did not vary with the agonist used. On cat atria the pA2 for atenolol was greater with noradrenaline than with fenoterol and the pA2 for alpha-methylpropranolol was greater with fenoterol than with noradrenaline. Fenoterol was 20 times more potent on cat than on guinea-pig atria whereas noradrenaline was approximately equipotent in the two species. The results have been intrepreted as suggsesting that both cat and guinea-pig atria contain one receptor type in common (beta 1) but that only cat atria contain beta 2-adrenoceptors as well. PMID- 41042 TI - Role of the dopaminergic system in the cataleptogenic action of bulbocapnine. AB - Time courses of the behavioural and biochemical effects of a cataleptogenic dose (50 mg kg-1 i.p.) of bulbocapnine have been studied in the rat. Catalepsy ensues immediately after administration of the drug and lasts 1 h. Concomitant with the onset of catalepsy there is a rise in HVA and DOPAC concentrations in whole and discrete parts of the brain (striatum, limbic system). Dopamine content does not change in whole brain but it decreases in the striatum and increases in the cortex and hippocampus. No significant effects on NA, 5-HT and 5 HIAA concentrations were observed. PMID- 41043 TI - Age and strain differences in the rat of development of functional tolerance to ethanol by mice. PMID- 41044 TI - Are antihistamines sedative via a blockade of brain H1 receptors? PMID- 41045 TI - Structural specificity of high affinity [3H]-glutamate uptake in striatal homogenates. PMID- 41046 TI - Mianserin, danitracen and amitriptyline withdrawal increases the behavioural responses of rats to L-5-HTP. PMID- 41047 TI - Differential effects of the isomers of fenfluramine and norfenfluramine on rat striatal acetylcholine content. PMID- 41048 TI - Ambient temperature and the development of functional tolerance to ethanol by mice. PMID- 41049 TI - The role of alpha-adrenoceptors in the regulation of pentylenetetrazol convulsions in mice. PMID- 41050 TI - Acetylation of procainamide in the rat. PMID- 41051 TI - Responses of guinea-pig lung parenchymal strips to prostaglandins and some selected autacoids. PMID- 41052 TI - Chlorhexidine kinetics in hard contact lenses. PMID- 41053 TI - alpha- and beta- adrenoceptors and PGE2 in the modulation of catecholamine secretion from bovine adrenal medulla in vitro. PMID- 41054 TI - Saturable absorption of amino-cephalosporins by the rat intestine. PMID- 41055 TI - Pharmacological data on crinia-angiotensin II. PMID- 41056 TI - Cardiovascular studies with impromidine (SK&F 92676), a new very potent and specific histamine H2-receptor agonist. AB - Impromidine (SK & F 92676) has recently been identified as a potent and specific histamine H2-receptor agonist. The present paper describes some cardiovascular studies with the drug. Impromidine lowers blood pressure in cats and rats by interaction with H2-receptors. During continuous intravenous infusions of impromidine, the fall in blood pressure is due to a reduction in total peripheral resistance; cardiac output increases during hypotension. The responses to impromidine are similar to responses to histamine in mepyramine-treated cats. Impromidine administered intra-arterially also causes vasodilatation in the femoral and mesenteric vasculature by interaction with H2-receptors. Impromidine stimulates all measured parameters including coronary flow in the isolated working heart of the guinea-pig. Dose-response curves to impromidine were displaced to the right in the presence of cimetidine. PMID- 41057 TI - Haemodynamic effects of the carboxylic ionophore monensin when administered before and during shock induced by E. coli endotoxin. AB - The haemodynamic effects of the carboxylic ionophore monensin have been examined in cats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone. Marked increases in left ventricular dP/dtmax (and dP/dt at fixed isovolumic pressures) and slight increases in cardiac output and stroke volume occurred, indicating increased myocardial contractility. Heart rate was unchanged but systemic arterial pressure was substantially increased. Satisfactory increases in contractility and arterial pressure were obtained when monensin was infused intravenously in a total dose of 0.25 mg kg-1 over 10 min. Larger doses, especially if rapidly injected, resulted in very marked increases in myocardial contractility leading eventually to cardiac failure. The haemodynamic effects of monensin were markedly reduced during shock induced by E. coli endotoxin and there was unfortunately no evidence to suggest that this extremely potent compound might be potentially beneficial in this form of profound cardiovascular shock. PMID- 41058 TI - Anti-inflammatory and platelet anti-aggregant activity of phospholipase-A2 inhibitors. AB - Mepacrine, papaverine, p-bromophenacyl bromide and 2,3-dibromo(4'-cyclohexyl-3' chloro)-phenyl-4-oxo-butyric acid (CB 874) inhibit the hydrolysis of phospholipids induced by thrombin in dog platelets. They also exhibit anti inflammatory and anti-aggregant properties. These biological activities may be explained by a direct or indirect inhibitory action on phospholipase A2. Phospholipase A2 inhibitors may block not only the release of arachidonic acid and its subsequent conversion into prostaglandins but also the formation of lysophospholipids involved in inflammation and/or platelet aggregation. PMID- 41059 TI - Non-competitive-non-equilibrium alpha-adrenoceptor blocking properties of N benzyl iodoacetamide, betsamide. AB - N-Benzyl iodoacetamide, betsamide, at 10 mg kg-1 i.v. blocked the hypertensive and contractile responses of the nictitating membrane of the cat to adrenaline. The blockade had a lag period before full development. Pretreatment of cats with betsamide for 7 or 18 h showed a non-equilibrium type of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade. The responses of the nictitating membrane to adrenaline were markedly depressed and did not recover after high doses of adrenaline. In the same cats, adrenaline caused a profound hypotension. The effect of betsamide lasted for at least 72 h. In the rat isolated vas deferens, 3 X 10(-5) M betsamide non competitively blocked the contractile responses to noradrenaline; the adrenoceptor blockade was less effective when betsamide was applied with noradrenaline. The blockade lasted for more than 24 h, and was not reversible after extensive washing. Betsamide antagonized the contractile effects of carbachol and 5-hydroxytryptamine on the rat vas deferens, but not the beta responses of the guinea-pig trachea to adrenaline and isoproenaline. Results are discussed in relation to a probable mechanism of action. PMID- 41060 TI - Potentiation of the diabetogenic effect of streptozocin by phentolamine in the rat. AB - The effect of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents and a beta2-agonist, salbutamol, on the diabetogenic effects of streptozocin (threshold doses) was investigated in the rat. Phentolamine and salbutamol potentiated the diabetogenic effect of streptozocin but phenoxybenzamine, tolazoline, oxprenolol and propranolol were without effect. The potentiating effect of phentolamine was blocked by oxprenolol. Potentiation of the diabetogenic effect by phentolamine is not related to alpha-adrenoceptor block, vasodilatation or insulin release. But it may be related to its ability to stimulate beta-adrenoceptors. PMID- 41061 TI - Effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on blood glucose and cyclic AMP in the rat. AB - The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on plasma cyclic AMP (cAMP) and glucose concentrations were studied in rats in vivo. 5-HT injected i.p. increased plasma cAMP and glucose. Injections of propranolol, hexamethonium, and cyproheptadine inhibited the 5-HT-induced increase in glucose but not in cAMP. Atropine did not inhibit the action of 5-HT. These effects of 5-HT were not seen in adrenomedullectomized rats, and 5-HT did not elevate the concentration of plasma cAMP in anti-glucagon antiserum-injected rats. These results confirm the previously reported finding that 5-HT-induced increase in blood glucose is mediated via adrenaline released from adrenal medulla by 5-HT and suggest that the increase in plasma cAMP, induced by 5-HT, is due to glucagon released by an unknown factor, or factors other than adrenaline released from the adrenal medulla by 5-HT. PMID- 41062 TI - The rapid development of functional tolerance to ethanol by mice. AB - A method is described in which the development of tolerance to ethanol in individual mice can be measured during the inhalation of ethanol vapour. This method has been used with two behavioural end-points, loss of righting reflex and loss of rotarod performance. It demonstrates that, in the adult male, TO Swiss mouse, peak tolerance, in which approximately 2 X the original effective blood ethanol concentration is required to produce the behavioural end-point, can develop in 3--5 h. After this time the ability of the animals to perform normally in the presence of continued high concentrations of ethanol in blood begins to fall. The results are discussed in relation to current concepts of tolerance to central nervous system depressant drugs. PMID- 41063 TI - Aspirin-caffeine interaction in the rat. AB - Both aspirin at a high dose (400 mg kg-1) and caffeine (5 mg kg-1) induced hyperactivity in the DA rat, but lower doses of aspirin were without effect. Caffeine-induced hyperactivity was brief (2 h) but that due to aspirin was evident from 1--6 h after dosing. Co-administration of the two drugs caused long lasting hyperactivity, even with doses of aspirin which had no stimulant effects themselves. Absorptive and metabolic effects did not appear to play a major role in the interaction. The most likely effect is that of salicylate on catecholamine utilization in the central nervous system, which is compounded in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. PMID- 41064 TI - The effects of some sweetening agents and osmotic pressure on the intestinal absorption of sulfafurazole in the rat. AB - The effects of some sugars and osmotic pressure have been examined on the absorption of sulfafurazole in the rat. Statistically significant correlations were found among the hypertonic solutions between the reciprocal of osmotic pressure and AUC0--infinity or Cmax. In addition, negative correlation existed between plasma concentrations at 15 min and osmotic pressure. No significant correlations were noted among the hypotonic solutions. More attention should be paid to the osmotic pressure of formulations. The osmotic pressure of hypertonic solutions, especially, might affect absorption of drug from its dosage form. PMID- 41065 TI - The use of phospholipid liposomes for lithium administration. Polydipsic effect and tissue distribution of lithium. AB - Administration of lithium entrapped in phospholipid liposomes increased the lithium-induced polydipsia, but did not accelerate the onset of this effect. It also resulted in a larger accumulation of lithium in the liver, kidney and spleen, but not in the brain. The time course of polydipsia suggests that it depends on the intracellular lithium concentration. However, the rate of development of this effect depends on some additional factor. PMID- 41066 TI - Dissolution of bupivacaine 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate into phosphate buffers. AB - Dissolution behaviour of bupivacaine 3-hydroxy-2-naphthoate (BUPNH) into phosphate buffers, pH 7.4 was investigated at 25 degrees and 37 degrees C. Although the dissolution pattern of the salt at 25 degrees C was normal, i.e., the concentrations of the acid and base component agreed, during the entire dissolution period, that at 37 degrees C was anomalous. The dissolution consisted of two phases, i.e. an initial normal phase was followed by a second slower phase in which the concentration of the acid became, at equilibrium, markedly higher than that of the base. This unusual dissolution behaviour at 37 degrees C was shown to be due to the precipitation of the base, which, in turn, is attributed to the unusual temperature dependency of the solubility of the base in phosphate buffers, i.e. decrease in solubility with increasing temperature. PMID- 41067 TI - Inter-relationships between solubilities, distribution coefficients and melting points of some substituted benzoic and phenylacetic acids. AB - Ten 4-hydroxy and 4-alkoxy benzoic and phenylalkanoic acids have been investigated. Solubilities in aqueous buffer at pH 1.2 were determined, together with distribution coefficients between the buffer and either octanol or isopropyl myristate. When plotted against the total number of carbon atoms in the side chains, log octanol/water distribution coefficients gave two parallel straight lines, one for the substituted benzoic acids, and the other for the substituted phenylalkanoic acids. The slopes approximated to 0.5, the generally accepted value for methylene. Similar plots could be obtained with isopropyl myristate, provided the hydroxy acid results were ignored, and also when log aqueous solubilities were plotted against carbon number, although there was considerable scatter. The differences between the distribution coefficient results were explained in terms of solute-solvent interactions, and the scatter attributed to variations in the heats of fusion of the solutes. Yalkowsky's equation (1977), linking aqueous solubilities and melting points with distribution coefficients, was applied to the results, and found to be of limited predictive value. PMID- 41068 TI - Aspirin-phenacetin interaction in the rat. PMID- 41069 TI - A trace enrichment high performance liquid chromatography technique for determining the dissolution rate of adrenocortical tablets. PMID- 41070 TI - Ethanol-induced increase in the penetration of exogenously administered L-dopa through the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 41071 TI - The interaction of desipramine and the 5-HT uptake inhibitors femoxetine and paroxetine with the acute hypotensive effect of guanethidine in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 41072 TI - Adrenocortical stimulation and the anti-inflammatory actions of salicylates. PMID- 41073 TI - Baclofen: lack of effect on neurotransmission in the mouse vas deferens. PMID- 41074 TI - Elimination of drugs by active intestinal transport. PMID- 41075 TI - Degradation of carrageenan for the experimental production of ulcers in the colon. PMID- 41077 TI - A new method for measuring variations of rat paw volume. PMID- 41076 TI - The effect of unilateral amygdala lesion on the imipramine action in behavioural despair in rats. PMID- 41078 TI - Release of oligopeptides from silicone rubber implants in rats over periods exceeding ten days. PMID- 41079 TI - The absorption of saccharin from the rat urinary bladder. PMID- 41080 TI - Which pharmacological action of baclofen matters most? PMID- 41081 TI - An observation on the determination of thiomersol at preservative concentration by flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy. PMID- 41082 TI - A comment on estimating binding constants at variable protein concentrations. PMID- 41083 TI - Variation in the heats of reaction of drugs and albumin with the source and pretreatment of the albumin. PMID- 41084 TI - Sensitive fluorescence assay for d,l-methadone. AB - d,l-Methadone forms a fluorophore when reacted with paraformaldehyde in concentrated sulfuric acid. Based on this reaction, a fluorescence assay suitable for quantitative d,l-methadone analysis from plasma and other tissues was developed. d,l-Methadone was extracted at pH 9.2 from the deproteinized filtrate of plasma or of aqueous tissue homogenate into an organic phase of 25% isobutanol in ethylene dichloride. After an aliquot of the organic phase was evaporated to dryness at 50--55 degrees with an air jet, paraformaldehyde (0.1%, in concentrated sulfuric acid) was added, and fluorescence was read at 450 nm with excitation at 275 nm. By this method, d,l-methadone can be assayed in the presence of its metabolites, morphine, diacetylmorphine (heroin), codeine, and cocaine; however, amphetamine, meperidine, and quinine interfere. PMID- 41085 TI - Dissolution rates of doxycycline free base and hydrochloride salts. AB - The dissolution rates of doxycycline monohydrate, hyclate, and hydrochloride dihydrate crystal forms were investigated using the static pellet method. Solubility product equilibria with chloride ion strongly suppressed the dissolution rate of the hydrochloride dihydrate salt. This form dissolved about fourfold slower in 0.1 N HCl than in water, which was consistent with its solubility in these media. Specificity for chloride was demonstrated by the rapid dissolution rate for the hydrochloride dihydrate in 0.1 N methanesulfonic acid. The dissolution rates of the hyclate, a solvated hydrochloride salt, and the free base were not sensitive to chloride ion. The results show that common ion equilibria with chloride can strongly reduce the dissolution rate of a thermodynamically stable hydrochloride salt form, while the free base or a metastable hydrochloride salt are not similarly affected. PMID- 41086 TI - Adrenergic antagonists and the presynaptic receptor hypothesis in vascular tissue. PMID- 41087 TI - Investigation of narcotics and antitussives using drug discrimination techniques. AB - Rats learned drug discriminations in a shock-escape T-maze task. They were trained to turn right in the maze following injection of a drug (D) and left when no injection (N) was given. Number of training sessions before criterion performance (STC) was used to indicate degree of discriminability of the training drug. STC decreased monotonically as dosage increased, and reached a minimum of 3 to 26 with various agonists. Most agonists were not highly discriminable. Daily maintenance injections of morphine, 200 to 600 mg/kg, increased the STC of morphine, 15 mg/kg, significantly, but complete tolerance to discriminable drug actions was not observed. After rats discriminated D vs. N, they were tested with novel drugs to determine which would elicit D choices. Most morphine-like agonists substituted for one another during substitution tests; the tested agonists included alphaprodine, codeine, fentanyl, heroin, meperidine, methadone, morphine, piminodine and propoxyphene. In a few instances, one of these agonists failed to substitute for another. Naloxone and naltrexone antagonized the discriminable effects of morphine. Cyclazocine, levallorphan, naltrexone, dextromethorphan, ethoheptazine and the narcotic agonists did not substitute for one another, suggesting that six dissimilar discriminable effects were produced by these drugs. PMID- 41088 TI - The effects of antivenin and corticosteroid analogs on rattlesnake venom shock in the rat. PMID- 41089 TI - An electrode system for plotting ionized plasma calcium and pH [proceedings]. PMID- 41091 TI - Calcium carrying system in the giant muscle fibre of the barnacle species, Balanus nubilus. AB - 1. Single barnacle muscle fibres from Balanus nubilus were internally perfused with an isotonic solution containing 180 mM-tetraethylammonium acetate and the effects of Ca concentration in the external solution on the voltage-clamp currents, especially the initial inward current, were examined.2. Muscle fibre in external solution containing no added Ca (concentration of Ca < 10(-5)M) gave a current-voltage curve that showed a small inward current followed by a small outward current. An identical curve was obtained when the chloride in the external solution was replaced by acetate.3. The peak inward current increased with increase in Ca concentration in the external solution; but the increase in peak current for equal increments of Ca concentration was reduced and attained saturation conforming to an adsorption regime which can be described by the Langmuir equation.4. A double reciprocal plot of peak inward current due to Ca as a function of Ca concentration gave values of 20.7 mM and 200% (the current due to 20 mM-Ca normalized to 100%) for the dissociation constant and the maximum current respectively. These values were found to depend on the concentration of Mg used in the external solutions.5. The peak inward Ca currents measured at two Ca concentrations as a function of pH were unaffected in the pH range 6.5-8.8; however when the pH was reduced below 6.5, the currents were depressed. PMID- 41090 TI - Stimulation by cyclic GMP of sodium efflux in barnacle muscle fibres. AB - 1. The ouabain-insensitive Na efflux in barnacle muscle fibres is promptly stimulated by injection of cyclic GMP. The minimal effective injected concentration is found to be about 10(-7) M. This effect of cyclic GMP could not be mimicked by injecting 5'-GMP. 2. External application of ouabain (10(-4) M) to fibres not pretreated with ouabain during the stimulatory response to cyclic GMP causes some inhibition of the Na efflux indicating that cyclic GMP does not cause appreciable inhibition of the Na:K pump. 3. The magnitude of the stimulatory response to injected cyclic GMP depends on the external Ca2+ concentration, as well as pHe but not on the Na+, K+ or Mg2+ concentration. It also depends on pHi, since acidification of HCO3-containing ASW leads to a greater enhancement of the response to cyclic GMP than is observed with acidified HERPES-ASW. 4. Stabilization of myoplasmic pCa by injecting 100 mM-EGTA before or after cyclic GMP fails to alter the magnitude of the response to the nucleotide. Enrichment of the fibre with Mg2+ at the time of injection of cyclic GMP leads to a reduced response. No change in response, however, is seen when the internal free Mg concentration is suddenly reduced by injecting 0.05 M-pyrophosphate with cyclic GMP. 5. Injection of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase stimulatory modulator before cyclic GMP fails to enhance the response to the nucleotide. The same is true of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor protein. However pre-injection of 10(-2) M-papaverine enhances the response to a subsequent injection of 10(-3) M-cyclic GMP. 6. Injection of pure protein kinase inhibitor (1.6 x 10(-4) M) before 10(-3) M-cyclic GMP reduces the response to the nucleotide. 7. The argument is put forward that injected cyclic GMP stimulates the ouabain-insensitive Na efflux mainly by activating cyclic AMP-protein kinase rather than cyclic GMP-proton kinase. PMID- 41092 TI - The nature of the negative endocochlear potentials produced by anoxia and ethacrynic acid in the rat and guinea-pig. AB - 1. The alterations in the Na+ and K+ concentrations of the cochlear endolymph and in the endocochlear potential were followed simultaneously by means of ion sensitive and conventional micro-electrodes during simple anoxia, during anoxia after i.v. ethacrynic acid and after i.v. ethacrynic acid alone. The endolymphatic pH changes were measured separately and the effect of perilymphatic ethacrynic acid upon the endocochlear potential was investigated. 2. The over-all Na+:K+ permeability ratio for the endolymph system was determined in individual animals for the first time using an indirect method. The normal mean values of 0.27 (rat) and 0.38 (guinea-pig) were increased after ethacrynic acid. Permeability changes occurred during anoxia but were delayed in onset. 3. The negative endocochlear potentials in each situation behaved quantitatively like modified K+ diffusion potentials largely dependent upon the K+ and Na+ gradients between endolymph and perilymph. PMID- 41093 TI - Selective response of rat peripheral sympathetic nervous system to various stimuli. AB - 1. We utilized the induction of tyrosine hydroxylase, a catecholamine synthesizing enzyme, in sympathetic ganglia and adrenal medullae to explore the central and peripheral mechanisms through which choline, various environmental stresses, and drugs that alter blood pressure or central neurotransmission affect various portions of the sympathetic nervous system. Animals received each treatment chronically, and enzyme activity was measured in the superior cervical, stellate, and coeliac ganglia and in the adrenal medullae.2. Choline administration increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity in all four tissues, probably by increasing the release of acetylcholine from preganglionic sympathetic neurones that synapse on catecholamine-producing ganglion and chromaffin cells; carbachol and nicotine had similar effects.3. Insulin enhanced tyrosine hydroxylase activity primarily in the coeliac ganglion and the adrenal medullae, but not in the superior cervical ganglia.4. Reserpine and phenoxybenzamine increased the activity of the enzyme in all four tissues.5. Prolonged exposure to a cold environment increased enzyme activity in all four tissues, but especially in the stellate and coeliac ganglia; forced swimming affected tyrosine hydroxylase only in these two ganglia.6. Several drugs known to modify central neurotransmission were found to increase tyrosine hydroxylase activity in some portions of the sympathetic nervous system but not in others. 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine, which destroys terminals of serotoninergic neurones, enhanced enzyme activity in all four tissues, but primarily in the coeliac ganglion and adrenal medullae. ET-495 (a dopaminergic agonist), D-amphetamine, and morphine induced tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the adrenal medullae and the coeliac ganglion, but not in the superior cervical ganglia. Oxotremorine, a centrally acting muscarinic agonist, increased tyrosine hydroxylase activity only in the adrenal medullae; its effect was not blocked by methylatropine, a peripheral muscarinic blocker.7. These data indicate that specific neurones in the central nervous system, which utilize specific neurotransmitters and which are differentially affected by drugs and environmental inputs, selectively influence the outflows through the various zones of the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 41094 TI - Gall-bladder fluid and electrolyte transport in the presence of butyrate in bicarbonate-free solutions [proceedings]. PMID- 41095 TI - Hydrogen ion balance and isometric contraction tension in rat diaphragm muscle [proceedings]. PMID- 41096 TI - Electromechanical effects of pH in guinea-pig cardiac ventricular muscle [proceedings]. PMID- 41097 TI - The effect of chloride substitutes on pHi in crab muscle fibres [proceedings]. PMID- 41098 TI - [Societe francaise de Radiologie medicale. Est, December 16, 1978]. PMID- 41099 TI - Interviewing the adolescent patient: an educational program for health professionals. PMID- 41100 TI - HCO3-/Cl- exchange across the human erythrocyte membrane: effects of pH and temperature. AB - Changes in extracellular pH (PH0) in red cell suspensions were monitored in a stopped-flow rapid reaction apparatus under conditions where dpH0/dt was determined by the rate of HCO3-/Cl- exchange across the membrane. Experiments were performed at 5 degrees C less than T less than 40 degrees C using either untreated cells or cells exposed to 0.11 mM SITS (4-acetamido-4' isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid). Although SITS exposure reduced the rate of exchange by 90%, both untreated and SITS-treated cells are similarly affected by changes in pH0 and temperature. The rate of HCO3-/Cl- exchange exhibits a minimum at about pH0 5 and a maximum at about pH0 7.4 at all temperatures. A transition temperature of 17 degrees C was observed in the Arrhenius relationship for all pH0. The activation energies (Ea) in kcal/mol are 19.6 below and 11.7 above 17 degrees C for 5 less than pH0 less than 8. These findings, similar to those reported for Cl- self-exchange, suggest that: (i) a change in the rate-limiting step for HCO3-/Cl- exchange occurs at 17 degrees C, possibly due to an altered interaction between the transport pathway and membrane lipids; (ii) the carrier system can be titrated by either H+ or SITS from the outside of the membrane, but the untitrated sites continue to transport normally; (iii) the pH0 dependence of the rate of exchange is consistent with the titratable carrier having its most alkaline pK in the range expected for amino groups; and (iv) below pH0 5, the nature of the exchange is markedly altered. PMID- 41102 TI - Workshop on Diagnosis and Therapy using Microwaves, 8th European Microwave Conference, Paris, France, September 8, 1978. PMID- 41103 TI - Biennial meeting of the European Section of the International Society for Heart Research, Dijon, France, 13--15 September, 1979. PMID- 41101 TI - Experimental depression of junctional membrane permeability in mammalian cell culture. A study with tracer molecules in the 300 to 800 Dalton range. AB - Cell-to-cell junctional permeability in mammalian cell cultures was probed with a series of fluorescent tracers ranging 300 to 800 in molecular weight, during treatment with metabolic inhibitors, Ca-transporting ionophore, and carbon dioxide. Treatment with the combination of cyanide and iodoacetic acid (1--2 mM each), but not with either one alone, caused reversible junctional blockade to all tracer molecular species, large and small. (Electrical coupling, however, persisted in a proportion of the junctions tested.) Treatment with the ionophore A23187 (2--10 micrometers) or with CO2 (an atmosphere of 100% CO2 equilibrated with the medium) produced selective junctional blockade: transmission of a 688 and an 817-dalton tracer was generally blocked, while that of a 376-dalton traced and, in certain conditions, that of a 559-dalton one, persisted. The junctional effect of the ionophore required the presence of Ca in the external medium; and effective junctional blockade by CO2 required pretreatment in medium with high Ca concentration or, interchangeably, pretreatment in medium with high CO2 concentration. In one cell type, prolonged exposure to medium with high Ca concentration alone sufficed to block transmission of the 688-dalton tracer. These effects are discussed in terms of the Ca hypothesis of junctional permeability regulation. In comparison with mammalian (or other vertebrate and invertebrate) organized tissues or with insect cell cultures, the mammalian cell cultures are more resistant to junctional blockade. This difference in transmission stability is discussed in terms of the electron-microscopic finding in the mammalian cultures of fine, bilateral cell processes connected by gap junctions. PMID- 41104 TI - Inhibitory actions of mercury compounds against glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from yeast. AB - Kinetic studies on the inhibition of the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase with mercuric chloride (MC) and methylmercuric chloride (MMC) have revealed that MC inhibited the enzyme non-competitively, while MMC inhibited it competitively. The Km value was 5.26 X 10(-5) M for glucose-6-phosphate and Ki value of MC was 2.17 X 10(-5) M, while that of MMC was 4.35 X 10(-3) M. The strong complex formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) or amino acids (cysteine, cystine, histidine, tryptophan or tyrosine) with MC was demonstrated in the presence of phosphate buffer as compared with that of MMC in the same buffer. PMID- 41105 TI - Abstracts of the annual meeting of the Scandinavian Society for Electron Microscopy. PMID- 41106 TI - [72d session of the French Urology Society, Paris, 8-12 October 1978. Free communications]. PMID- 41107 TI - Developmental anomalies associated with hypospadias. AB - We reviewed 272 patients with hypospadias who were treated surgically to survey the complicated anomalies in these patients. Urogenital anomalies were recognized in 40 per cent of the 272 cases and extra-urogenital anomalies were noted in 9.2 per cent. Undescended testis was the most frequently seen anomaly, having been noted in 13.2 per cent of the 272 cases. The incidence of male vagina or utriculus masculinus was 11.8 per cent, prepenile scrotum 7.7 per cent and hypoplasia of the testis 6.6 per cent. Each of these 4 anomalies associated with hypospadias increased in incidence in proportion to the severity of the penile deformity. The necessity of systemic urological and hormonal examinations was emphasized, especially in cases of severe hypospadias. PMID- 41108 TI - An investigation of arterial disease in Alaskan reindeer and Caribou. AB - No significant lesions of atherosclerosis or other vascular diseases were found in the aorta and coronary arteries of 34 reindeer and 15 caribou (Rangifer tarandus). Serum lipid, phospholipid, cholesterol and triglyceride levels were similar in caribou and reindeer and did not differ greatly from those reported in other ruminants. PMID- 41109 TI - Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in experimentally infected bats. AB - Colonial bats (Myotis supp. and Eptesicus sp.) were infected with eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus by subcutaneous inoculation or by the bite of infected mosquitoes. Bats were maintained in an environment simulating conditions encountered in hibernacula or in summer maternal colonies. Virus was detected in the blood of hibernating bats at irregular intervals over a 42-day observation period; viremia perhaps was influenced by the amount of disturbance (arousal) involved in the blood sampling process. Target organs included brown fat, spleen, lung, kidneys, pancreas, and liver. Neutralizing antibody was not detected in sera collected from these bats between days 4 and 42 post-inoculation. In nonhibernating bats, virus was recovered from mammary glands, brown fat, pancreas, lungs, kidneys, and liver, in addition to blood. Attempts to infect bats orally or to transmit virus to suckling mice by the bite of viremic bats were unsuccessful. Virus was transmitted from viremic chickens to E. fuscus by the bite of Culiseta melanura and Aedes aegypti. PMID- 41110 TI - Current status of marijuana research. Symposium on marijuana held july 1978 in Reims, France. PMID- 41111 TI - Pathology of Kawasaki disease: I. Pathology and morphogenesis of the vascular changes. AB - Histopathological investigation of the vascular changes in Kawasaki disease was carried out on thirty-seven autopsied Japanese patients. Arterial lesions could be classified into following five stages from the view point of morphogenesis of arteritis; 1) endothelial degeneration and increased vascular permeability, 2) edema and degeneration of the media, 3) necrotizing panarteritis, 4) granulation formation, and 5) scarformation. Aneurysm with thrombus was observed mainly in the coronary artery in most patients. It is considered that the initial changes begins in the endothelial cells with increased vascular permeability. Platelet aggregation in the damaged endothelial cells seems to play an important role in the further development of the arteritic changes. Vascular lesions were observed not only in the arterial system but also in the venous system, therefore Kawasaki disease is a systemic vasculitis rather than a systemic arteritis. PMID- 41112 TI - Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society. Free Communications, I, April 4, 1979, Tokyo. PMID- 41113 TI - Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society. Free Communications, II, April 5, 1979, Tokyo. PMID- 41115 TI - VIII Conference on the Pathogenesis of Hypertension. November 15, 1978 Okayama. PMID- 41114 TI - Pathology of Kawasaki disease: II. Distribution and incidence of the vascular lesions. AB - Histopathology, distribution and incidence of vascular changes were studied in tissues obtained at autopsy on thirty-seven children. Elastic and musculoelastic arteries showed a high incidence of arteritic changes, however the degree of the lesions was in general mild to moderate with the exception of the iliac artery, which revealed severe changes and a necrotizing panarteritis which was often accompanied with an aneurysm formation. A high incidence of arteritic changes, of which main histological feature was necrotizing panarteritis, was seen in extravisceral middle sized arteries. The coronary artery in particular was involved in each case and most had an accompanying aneurysm, some of which had ruptured. Intravisceral small sized arteries showed a relatively low incidence of arteritic changes and the degree of inflamation was in general mild. Phlebitis was present in over half the number of patients. The degree of lesions was mild in the small veins and mild to moderate in the large veins. Vascular lesions in Kawasaki disease should be termed systemic vasculitis rather than a systemic arteritis. There was a correlation between the caliber of involved vessels and the degree of vascular lesions. According to the histopathology, distribution and incidence of angitis, Kawasaki disease does resemble infantile periarteritis nodosa with the exception of the different manner of the coronary and iliac involvement. PMID- 41116 TI - [Effects of vasoactive drugs on renal circulation. II. alpha-Adrenergic blockers (author's transl)]. PMID- 41117 TI - [On the safety of sulbenicillin administration to infections associated with acute leukaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 41118 TI - The spontaneously hypertensive rat (14). Proceedings of XIV Annual Scientific Meeting of the Council for the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (SHR) November 3-4, 1978, Kyoto. PMID- 41119 TI - [The 21th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Nephrology (author's transl)]. PMID- 41120 TI - [Past and present of movements by patients' organization - recording of speeches given at the 2nd General Meeting of "Asebi Kai"]. PMID- 41121 TI - [Anatomical and functional study of the sphincter located distally in the urethra: the external urethral sphincter revisited (author's transl)]. PMID- 41122 TI - [Renal function after ligation of the right renal vein in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 41123 TI - [Four cases of cryptorchid boys with Noonan's phenotype. Report 1. Gonadal function study (author's transl)]. PMID- 41124 TI - Circumventing the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. AB - Prompt blood-gas analysis consisting of pH, PCO2, and PO2 is now almost universally accessible. PCO2 directly conveys the role of the respiratory mechanism in any acid-base disturbance. The metabolic condition, however, is hidden in a relationship between pH and PCO2 that is most faithfully expressed by the cumbersome Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (HHE). Two methods of quickly determining metabolic status from pH and PCO2, without resorting to the HHE, are discussed. The first method is well known and adjusts pH to represent only metabolic state by quantitatively cancelling the influence of hyper- or hypoventilation. The second method, not previously reported, uses measured pH to estimate the ratio [HCO3-]/PCO2, which, when multiplied by PCO2, equals bicarbonate ion concentration. PMID- 41125 TI - Medullary thyroid carcinoma in Sipple syndrome. PMID- 41126 TI - [Thermogenic response to cold stimulus and its neuro-hormonal control]. PMID- 41127 TI - [Profile: Masako Fukuzawa who assumed office as managing director for the Foundation of the Scholarship Fund Commemorating the ICN Tokyo Congress]. PMID- 41129 TI - [The Japanese Nursing Association: finishing the petition after the general meeting]. PMID- 41128 TI - [Miscellaneous impressions on the Japanese Nurses' Association's meeting - education subsection]. PMID- 41130 TI - [Symposium: "Planning of medical care by all"]. PMID- 41131 TI - [Symposium: "Planning of medical care by all". (Opening of the first symposium with citizens' participation]. PMID- 41132 TI - [Symposium: "Planning of medical care by all." Our observations after the subsection meetings]. PMID- 41133 TI - [Effect of a single dose of the alpha-adrenergic blockader, pyrroxan, on cardio- and hemodynamics in healthy persons and in arterial hypertension patients]. PMID- 41134 TI - [Characteristics of the changes in the intra- and extracellular K+ and Na+ concentrations and the intra- and extracellular pH in the area of cardiac ishemia in experimental myocardial infarct complicated by ventricular fibrillation]. AB - Localized ischemia of the heart complicated by ventricular fibrillation is characterized by a tendency to a higher rate of decrease in intra- and extracellular K+ gradient and intracellular pH in the myocardium as compared to cases without fibrillation. The higher rate of K+ escape from the ischemic cells may be linked with a sharper intracellular oxidation, evidence of which is the correlative dependence between the severity of disorders of K+ balance and decrease in intracellular pH in the myocardium in ischemia. PMID- 41136 TI - [4th World Congress on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (June, 1978, Madrid)]. PMID- 41135 TI - [Current problems of gastroenterology (based on materials of the 6th World Congress of Gastroenterology, Madrid, 1978)]. PMID- 41137 TI - [Complications in the successive use of beta-adrenoblockaders and izoptin]. PMID- 41138 TI - [Principles of the sanitary and housekeeping arrangements in space flight environments]. AB - Significant changes in the functional state of crewmembers during prolonged space missions necessitate corrections to be made in the scope and methods of sanitation and housekeeping arrangements. Due to the fact that in space flight automicroflora representatives may acquire greater importance as possible pathogenic agents, procedures providing body cleanliness should include both physico-chemical exposures and direct skin microflora treatment. On the basis of pertinent investigations the authors have developed selection criteria and requirements for detergents and disinfectants that may be used in prolonged space flights. PMID- 41139 TI - [Programmed control of the autotrophic component in a gas exchange-sealed ecological system]. PMID- 41140 TI - Studies in electrical stimulation: effect of neuromuscular blocking agents in lamb. PMID- 41141 TI - The transnitrosation of secondary amines S-nitrosocysteine in relation to N nitrosamine formation in cured meats. PMID- 41142 TI - Hypothermic circulatory arrest: 31-phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonsance of isolated perfused neonatal rat brain. PMID- 41143 TI - Quinacrine-binding nerves: presence in the mouse ano-coccygeus muscle, disappearance after muscle transsection. AB - The anococcygeus muscle exhibits non-cholinergic, non-adrenergic, inhibitory neurotransmission. In the present paper we describe the presence of quinacrine binding beaded nerve fibres in the mouse anococcygeus muscle. A large number of fibres were running parallel to the smooth muscle bundles. A second distribution of fibres formed an irregular plexus. No quinacrine-binding nerve cell bodies were found within the muscle. When the anococcygeus muscle was cut close to its insertion in the rectum, the proximal part lost most of its quinacrine-binding nerves 2-7 days after transsection. The results demonstrate a correlation between presumed non-cholinergic non-adrenergic neurotransmission and quinacrine-binding nervous elements. PMID- 41144 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis in alcoholism]. PMID- 41145 TI - [Classification of recent morphine analgesics and morphine antagonists]. PMID- 41146 TI - Phencyclidine-induced stereotyped behavior in rats: dose response effects and antagonism by neuroleptics. PMID- 41147 TI - Carazolol, an extremely potent beta-adrenergic blocker: binding to beta-receptors in brain membranes. PMID- 41148 TI - Comparison of the effects of substituted benzamides and standard neuroleptics on the binding of 3H-spiroperidol in the rat pituitary and striatum with in vivo effects on rat prolactin secretion. PMID- 41149 TI - Some properties of 3H-diazepam displacing activity from human urine. PMID- 41150 TI - pH gradient electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing of lipoproteins on agarose bead thin layers. AB - A new method of isoelectric focusing (IEF) and pH gradient electrophoresis, using thin layers of agarose gel beads, was devised to investigate chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). pH gradient stability and cathodal gradient drift were similar to those of polyacrylamide gel IEF, and linearity of gradients was maintained for 23 hr. Chylomicrons and VLDL were detectable without staining. Chylomicrons from human serum and from rat lymph migrated in this system. Rat lymph chylomicrons, obtained by ultracentrifugation, migrated in several discrete bands, and this heterogeneity or rat chylomicrons was confirmed by electron microscopic demonstration of chylomicrons in each band. This new technique has permitted the first measurement of isoelectric points of some lipoproteins in the ultracentrifuged fraction of human serum chylomicrons and the first separation of multiple discrete fractions of ultracentrifuged lymph chylomicrons. PMID- 41151 TI - [Changes in antigen-induced skin reactions caused by ketotifen--a new antiallergic agent]. PMID- 41152 TI - [General practice-field trials of Linctifed with 17871 patients with inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract]. PMID- 41153 TI - [Depression from the viewpoint of the general practitioner. A report of experiences from a practitioner to practitioners]. PMID- 41154 TI - [Way of drying the skin and the renewal of skin surface activity]. AB - The author tried to evaluate the impact of the way of drying the skin upon the renewal of its surface acidity, using a linen towel, paper towel, cellucotton and a stream of dry air. 20 persons were evaluated. Prior to the study, 1% solution of "BHP" soap had been put on their skin. PH was measured at the skin surface by a pH-meter (produced by "Radelkis") using a combined glass and calomel electrode. This method of skin drying was considered the best one, after which the average time of pH value renewal on the skin surface was the shortest, which amounted to the recovery of pH to the initial value. The way of drying the skin was found to have a significant impact on the time of pH renewal. The results were indicative of advisability of the use of linen towels. PMID- 41155 TI - Effects of pH on enzymes. PMID- 41156 TI - Stability constants for biologically important metal-ligand complexes. PMID- 41157 TI - Practical considerations in the design of initial velocity enzyme rate assays. PMID- 41158 TI - Cryoenzymology: the study of enzyme catalysis at subzero temperatures. PMID- 41159 TI - Reactions of the sulfhydryl groups of membrane-bound bovine rhodopsin. AB - Reactions of the sulfhydryl groups of bovine rhodopsin in rod outer segment membranes have been investigated using 4,4'-dithiopyridine. This reagent is uncharged at neutral pH and rapidly equilibrates across phospholipid bilayers. Membrane-bound rhodopsin has two kinetically distinguishable sulfhydryl groups reactive to the reagent, this stoichiometry being unchanged by bleaching provided the sulfhydryl reactions themselves are carried out in the dark. The rates of the reactions, however, are substantially increased by bleaching. Irradiation of bleached membranes, either with white light or wavelengths in the neighborhood of 475 nm, results in an increase in the number of reactive sulfhydryls relative to that found for bleached membranes in the dark. A component of the light-driven reaction is dependent on the Ca2+ content of the medium. PMID- 41160 TI - Effects on mitochondrial K flux of pH, K concentration, and N-ethyl maleimide. AB - Based on published evidence that cation transport in mitochondria is not significantly dependent on a membrane potential, it is suggested that the process of mitochondrial cation transport may be nonelectrogenic. These experiments focused on the possibility that K+ flux into rat liver mitochondria may be directly coupled, via an energy-linked carrier mechanism, to OH- influx or H+ efflux. The dependence of the unidirectional K+ influx on the external K+ concentration indicates involvement of a saturable mechanism. Increasing the external pH from 7.0 to 8.0 increases the apparent V max of the K+ influx without significantly altering the apparent Km for K+. The pH dependence is greater in the presence of N-ethyl maleimide, a known inhibitor of the mitochondrial Pi/OH- exchange mechanism. N-Ethyl maleimide decreases the apparent V max at pH 7.0 and increases it at pH 8.0. Evidence indicates that both N-ethyl maleimide and a high external Pi concentration may stimulate the K+ influx at alkaline external pH (8.0) by preventing net exchanges between endogenous Pi and external OH-. An apparent first-order dependence of the K+ influx on the external OH- concentration is observed in the presence of N-ethyl maleimide. These results are consistent with a possible role of external OH- as a cosubstrate of the K+ transport mechanism. PMID- 41161 TI - Effect of carbohydrates and control of culture pH on beta toxin production by Clostridium perfringens type C. AB - Clostridium perfringens type C strain CN 5384 produced a higher level of beta toxin in a controlled pH medium containing 1% glucose, starch, or sucrose than in media with dextrin, fructose, or raffinose. Toxin synthesis was not related to the growth yield. The effect of glucose on beta toxin production by 11 strains was investigated with and without control of the culture pH at 7.5. Strain CN 5386 produced distinctly higher toxin when the pH of the culture was maintained at 7.5, compared with uncontrolled pH. PMID- 41162 TI - Effect of trichloroacetic acid treatment on certain properties of spores of Bacillus cereus T. AB - Spores of Bacillus cereus T treated with trichloroacetic acid (6.1--61.2 mM) were compared with untreated spores, and as the concentration of the chemical increased, the following alterations in spore properties were found: (1) the extent of germination decreased irrespective of the germination medium used; (2) the spores became sensitive to sodium hydroxide (1 N) and hydrochloric acid (0.27 N), but not to lysozyme (200 micrograms/ml); (3) loss of dipicolinate increased on subsequent heating; and (4) the spores became more sensitive to heat. However, trichloroacetic acid-treated spores were still viable and there was no significant change in spore components. The mechanism of action of trichloroacetic acid is discussed. PMID- 41163 TI - Interferon and cytotoxic factor (cytotoxin) released in the blood of mice infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. I. Enhanced production of interferon and appearance of cytotoxin stimulated by capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. AB - Interferon production stimulated by the active substance (neutral fraction) of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (neutral CPS-K) in BCG infected mice was compared with that by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Prior infection with BCG increased the responsiveness of mice to the lethal effect of neutral CPS-K as well as to that of LPS. Associated with this, BCG-infected mice showed a markedly enhanced ability to produce interferon after stimulation not only by LPS but also by neutral CPS-K. In addition, a cytotoxic factor (cytotoxin) was found to be released in the serum of BCG-infected mice after injection of these inducers. The kinetics of production of interferon and cytotoxin stimulated by neutral CPS-K were very similar to those stimulated by LPS. The time pattern of cytotoxin production was not in parallel with that of interferon production. Interferon reached a peak 2 hr and cytotoxin 3 hr after injection with these inducers. Interferon and cytotoxin produced by neutral CPS-K showed essentially the same stabilities to heating at 56 C and to treatment at pH 2 respectively as those produced by LPS. Interferon was inactivated by heating at 56 C more rapidly than cytotoxin. Cytotoxin was inactivated by treatment at pH 2 for 24 hr, whereas interferon activity was well preserved after this treatment. These results suggest that both activities are the result of different substances. PMID- 41164 TI - Effects of tannic acid and its related compounds upon Chikungunya virus. AB - The present report describes not only the effects of tannic acid (TA; belonging to hydrolyzable tannins) and its related compounds upon the infectivity of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) but also the mechanism involved in this phenomenon. Our data show that TA inactivates CHIKV in vitro. Since the inactivating effect turned out to be pH-dependent and was suppressed by bovine serum albumin, it is most probable that the virus-inactivating capacity of TA is attributable to its preferential binding to proteins of virus particles. Examination on the virus inactivating capacities of some TA-related compounds and comparison of their structures indicated that the active site of TA and its analogues might be the phenolic hydroxyl groups in their molecules. It seems that the active groups interact with the proteins of virus particles, resulting in a reduction or loss of viral infectivity. Discussion is made on the specificity of the actions of tannins and the possibility of application thereof to chemicals which are useful to investigate the nature and properties of viral proteins. PMID- 41165 TI - [Proteolytic enzymes produced by Aspergillus ochraceus in relation to their plasma coagulating and fibrinolytic activities]. AB - The paper describes some properties of coagulases and fibrinolytic enzymes isolated from a proteolytic complex produced by Aspergillus ochraceus HP-19 during submerged cultivation on a synthetic medium. Proteolytic enzymes with the plasmocoagulating activity hydrolyzed casein at the maximum rate at 45 degrees C and pH 8.0--10.0. The coagulases were stable at pH 5.0--7.0 and were rather resistant to low pH values. The enzymes were entirely inactivated at 55 degrees C within 20--30 min. The activity of the coagulases was inhibited with the ions of Cu, Co, Ag, Pb, Mn, Zn and Hg (1.10(-3) M) by 100, 91, 85, 50, 50, 38 and 25%, respectively. The coagulases were entirely inhibited with EDTA whereas PCMB and PMSF inhibited their activity only to a small extent. The mechanism for blood clotting with the coagulases of Aspergillus ochraceus HP-19 is presumed to consist in the activation of protrombin via its limited specific proteolysis. The fibrinolytic enzymes of Aspergillus ochraceus HP-19 had the optimal pH 8.5 for casein, were stable at pH 6.0, and entirely inactivated at 55 degrees C within 5 min. In contrast to coagulases, they were resistant to the action of heavy metal ions. The enzymes were stabilized by the ions of Ca. The activity of the fibrinolytic enzymes of Aspergillus ochraceus HP-19 was completely inhibited with PMSF. Therefore, they belong to the class of serine proteases. PMID- 41167 TI - [Effect of aeration on growth retardation of Propionibacterium shermanii at different pH values]. PMID- 41166 TI - [Effect of cultivation conditions on lipase biosynthesis by Serratia marcescens]. AB - The effect of cultivation conditions (the composition of the growth medium, pH, temperature) on lipase biosynthesis was studied with Serratia marcescens 345 and Serratia marcescens 348. The composition of the medium was found to be of key importance for lipase synthesis; the highest lipolytic activity of S. marcescens 345 was detected on the medium with 5% soybean flour broth while that of S. marcescens 348 was displayed on MPB. Sodium salts of cholic acids added at different concentrations to the growth medium had different effect on the biosynthesis of exo- and endolipases by the two strains. PMID- 41168 TI - [Diagnosis of amebiasis]. PMID- 41169 TI - Proceedings of the Tumor Board of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia: bilateral Wilms tumor. PMID- 41170 TI - [Testicular retention and fertility. Prognosis in 108 cases]. PMID- 41171 TI - Figure skater's foot. PMID- 41172 TI - Short topics presented at the IVMA meeting, Las Vegas, March 1979. PMID- 41174 TI - SRS-A and other mediators. Slow reacting substance biosynthesis, characterization and purification. PMID- 41175 TI - Production of SRS by mononuclear cells and progress towards the determination of its structure. PMID- 41173 TI - Squalene synthetase. AB - In the first part of the review the background to the discovery of the asymmetric synthesis of squalene from two molecules of farnesyl pyrophosphate and NADPH is described, then the stereochemistry of the overall reaction is summarized. The complexity of the biosynthesis of squalene by microsomal squalene synthetase demanded the existence of some intermediate(s) between farnesyl pyrophosphate and squalene. This demand was satisfied by the discovery of presqualene pyrophosphate, an optically active C30 substituted cyclopropylcarbinyl pyrophosphate, the absolute configuration of which at all three asymmetric centers of the cyclopropane ring was deduced to be R. Possible mechanisms for the biosynthesis of presqualene pyrophosphate and its reductive transformation into squalene are presented. In the second part of the review the nature of the enzyme is discussed. The question whether presqualene pyrophosphate is an obligate intermediate in the biosynthesis of squalene is examined, with the firm conclusion that it is. It is as yet uncertain whether the two half reactions of squalene synthesis, i.e. (i) 2 x farnesyl pyrophosphate leads to presqualene pyrophosphate; (ii) presqualene pyrophosphate + NADPH (NADH) leads to squalene, are catalyzed by one or two enzymes or by a large complex with two catalytic sites. Evidence is cited for the existence on the enzyme of two distinct binding sites with different affinities for the two farnesyl pyrophosphate molecules. The types of enzyme preparations available at present are described and types of experiments carried out with these are critically examined. The implications of the properties of a low molecular weight squalene synthetase solubilized with deoxycholate from microsomal membranes is discussed and a model for the enzyme in an organized membrane structure is presented. PMID- 41176 TI - The development of anti-allergic drugs. PMID- 41177 TI - In vitro studies of antigen-induced bronchospasm. PMID- 41178 TI - The structural bases for glomerular filtration. PMID- 41179 TI - The kidneys in systemic lupus erythematosus and other collagen diseases: recent progress. PMID- 41180 TI - By the London post. Compliance in clinical care -- Congress in Vienna -- health services quangos. PMID- 41181 TI - The future of clinical research. PMID- 41182 TI - Development of psychiatric illness in drug abusers. Possible role of drug preference. AB - The origin of the psychiatric illnesses observed in drug abusers is often unclear. This study examines the causal relation between drug abuse and specific psychiatric disorders. Fifty-one male veterans first seen in 1972, who were admitted at least once per year for six consecutive years for inpatient drug abuse treatment, underwent psychiatric assessments at each admission. Eleven men mainly used stimulants, 14 depressants, and 26 opiates. Initial psychiatric examinations showed low symptom levels in all groups but no statistically significant differences among them. By the end of six years, five of the stimulant users had psychoses, and eight of the depressant users had serious depression. The narcotics users showed no change in psychopathology. Differences between the groups were significant at the 0.01 level. These changes were not due to acute toxic reactions, but our data suggest that abuse of particular drugs has a major role in the development of specific psychiatric illnesses. The possibility that different preexisting personality disorders lead to different kinds of drug abuse cannot be excluded. PMID- 41184 TI - Equivalence of Ca2+ and Sr2+ in transmitter release from K+-depolarised nerve terminals. PMID- 41183 TI - Drug abuse and psychopathology. PMID- 41185 TI - Intracellular pH and the sodium requirement at fertilisation. AB - Several lines of evidence suggest that ionic messengers are primary agents in the metabolic derepression which occurs at fertilisation. The derepression at fertilisation or parthenogenetic activation of the sea urchin egg occurs in two main phases. The first phase, which triggers the early events of fertilisation, is mediated by transitory increase of intracellular free calcium. The second, which triggers the late events of fertilisation, is mediated by a rise in the intracellular pH (refs 4-6). The transition from the early events of fertilisation of sea urchin eggs to the late events requires a minimal concentration of sodium in the external medium. External Na+ is required for the acid effux which follows fertilisation. Na+ requirement and the acid effux have been correlated in a hypothesis which proposes that internal protons are exchanged for external Na+ (refs 8, 9). By using pH-sensitive microelectrodes, we have examined the relationship between external Na+ and internal pH more closely. We demonstrate here that the increase of the intracellular pH following egg activation does require external Na+. However, the relative insensitivity of the alkalisation of the egg cytoplasm to large reductions of external Na+ is evidence against the Na-H exchange hypothesis. PMID- 41186 TI - Stimulation of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis by nerve growth factor. AB - Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a protein essential for the development and maintenance of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, causing responsive neurones to increase in size and to extend neurites. Biochemically, the selective induction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine beta-hydroxylase key enzymes in catecholamine biosynthesis is one of its most characteristic effects. Both the morphological and biochemical effects are modulated by glucocorticoids, suggesting a close relationship between specific effects of NGF and hormone action. NGF has been shown to induce an increase in adrenal cyclic AMP in intact but not in hypophysectomised rats, and so we have looked directly at the effect of systemic administration of NGF on the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. We report here that NGF induced an enhanced secretion of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and a prolonged increase in plasma glucocorticoid concentration after intravenous (i.v.) injection. Such effects could have important implications for the biological activity of NGF. PMID- 41187 TI - Chemical recognition in biology. PMID- 41188 TI - Antidepressant and antipsychotic agents. AB - Numerous studies have been reviewed concerning the relationship of the catecholamines and indoleamines to depression and its treatment with antidepressant drugs. The profusion of data on the subject suggests the amines may be implicated in the disease, however no convincing hypothesis is available which unites the two. A similar situation seems to exist concerning the antipsychotic agents, dopamine and schizophrenia. The evidence appears to be overwhelming relating dopamine in the action of these agents and yet serious inconsistencies have been reported suggesting the need for a revision of the hypothesis regarding the mode of action of antipsychotic agents. PMID- 41189 TI - Foot-shock stress accelerates non-striatal dopamine synthesis without activating tyrosine hydroxylase. AB - Electric foot-shock stress (20 min) increases DOPAC content in the frontal cortex (by about 80%) and in the nucleus accumbens (by 35%) but not in the striatum. However, foot shock stress failed to modify the kinetic properties of tyrosine hydroxylase (Vmax, Km for DMPH4 cofactor) in any of the above areas. Similar results were obtained in rats in which noradrenergic terminals in the n. accumbens and in the frontal cortex had been eliminated by injection of 6-OH dopamine into the ascending dorsal noradrenergic bundle. The results support the hypothesis that limbic and cortical DA is involved in emotional states and indicate that DA synthesis may be regulated independently from changes in the kinetics properties of tyrosine hydroxylase. PMID- 41190 TI - The importance of choice of agonist in studies designed to predict beta 2 : beta 1 adrenoceptor selectivity of antagonists from pA2 values on guinea-pig trachea and atria. AB - 1. pA2 values have been obtained for propranolol, butoxamine, H35/25 and atenolol on guinea-pig isolated trachea and atria (rate) using noredrenaline (beta 1 selective), isoprenaline (non-selective) and fenoterol (beta 2-selective) as agonists. 2. pA2 values varied with the agonist used on trachea but not on atria and, therefore, trachea : atria selectivity values varied with the agonist used. 3. It is suggested that the best estimate of the selectivity of an antagonist between beta 2- and beta 1-adrenoceptors is obtained by comparing its pA2 value obtained on trachea using a beta 2-selective agonist with that obtained on atria using a beta 1-selective agonist. The reasons for this are discussed. 4. The quantitative values for beta 2 : beta 1 selectivity obtained using the above pA2 values were butoxamine 17.0 H35/25 13.5, propranolol 2.75 and atenolol 0.036, i.e. butoxamine and H35/25 were beta 2-selective, propranolol was non-selective and atenolol was beta 1-selective. 5. The results support the hypotheses that guinea-pig trachea contains a mixture of beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors and that guinea-pig atria contain only beta 1-adrenoceptors. PMID- 41191 TI - Demonstration of alpha-adrenoceptors in the rabbit heart by [3H] dihydroergocryptine binding. AB - For direct identification of alpha-adrenoceptors in a membrane fraction of the rabbit heart the potent alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist [3H]-dihydroergocryptine ([3H]-DHE) was used. 1. The binding of [3H]-DHE was saturable with 80 fmol of [3H]-DHE bound/mg protein and of high affinity with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) of 11.5 nM. Binding of [3H]-DHE (6 nM) was rapid (t 1/2 = 2 min) and readily reversible. From the ratio of the rate constants for forward (K1 = 1.97 X 10(7) M-1 min-1) and reverse (K2 = 0.206 min-1) reactions a KD-value of 10 nM was calculated, which is in good agreement with that obtained by equilibrium studies. 2. Adrenergic agonists compete for [3H]-DHE binding in an order to potency: (-)adrenaline greater than (-)phenyleprine greater than (-)isoprenaline and adrenergic antagonists in the order: phentolamine greater than yohimbine greater than (-)propranolol. Binding is stereospecific as indicated by the greater potency of (-)adrenaline than (+/-)adrenaline in displacing [3H]-DHE from the binding sites. 3. For comparison the binding of the potent beta-adrenoceptor antagonist (-)[3H]-dihydroalprenolol ((-)[3H]-DHA) was measured in the same membrane fraction. The number and affinity of beta-adrenoceptors amounted to 115 fmol of (-)[3H]-DHA bound/mg protein at saturation and KD = 7.9 nM. Adrenergic agonists compete for (-)[3H]-DHA binding in an order of potency: (-)isoprenaline greater than (-)adrenaline greater than (-)phenylephrine; and adrenergic antagonists in the order: (-)prapranolol greater than phentolamine. 4. It is concluded that in a membrane fraction of the rabbit heart there exist binding sites for [3H]-DHE which have characteristics indistinguishable from alpha adrenoceptors. Thus the present results are in agreement with previously reported data on the existence of cardiac alpha-adrenoceptors in the rabbit heart (Schumann et al., 1974; Endoh et al., 1976b). PMID- 41192 TI - Alpha adrenoceptors in rat brain: direct identification with prazosin. AB - Tritiated prazosin was used to characterize high affinity binding sites with characteristics similar to alpha 1 adrenoceptors in rat brain membranes. These sites were compared with alpha 2 adrenoceptors labeled with tritiated clonidine. The prazosin sites had an association constant of 2 nM-1 and bound to ligand optimal around pH 7.0. The density of the sites was 300 fmoles per mg of protein; the half time of dissociation of prazosin was 7 min at 30 degrees C. The order or potencies of agonists, determined from binding-inhibition experiments with labeled prazosin, was: naphazoline greater than clonidine greater than adrenaline greater than noradrenaline greater than phenylephrine greater than alpha methylnoradrenaline greater than dopamine. The order of potencies of antagonists was: prazosin greater than phenoxybenzamine greater than phentolamine greater than clozapine greater than yohimbine. Sodium ions and divalent cations as well as guanyl nucleotides have little or no effect on the binding of the labeled antagonist. This is in contrast to the binding of the labeled agonist clonidine (Glossmann and Presek, 1979a, 1979b). Labeled prazosin may be a useful tool to characterize alpha 1 adrenoceptors. PMID- 41193 TI - Adenosine effects upon transmitter release parameters in the Mg2+-paralyzed neuro muscular junction of frog. AB - The influence of adenosine upon the process of transmitter release was investigated in Mg2+-paralyzed frog neuromuscular junction by using conventional microelectrophysiological techniques and binomial statistical analysis. The statistical parameters used were: m (mean number of quanta released per impulse), p (the probability of quantal release) and n (store of quanta available for release). Adenosine decreased the mean quantal content (m) by reducing n. This effect appeared to be dependent upon the free intracellular Ca2+. The nucleoside competed with the transmitter releasing effects of ouabain and increased the amount of effective Ca2+ necessary for quantal release. It did not change the slope of release parameters modification during low-frequency facilitation. The data are discussed in terms of a physical model of release. PMID- 41194 TI - Lipid metabolism in uremic and nonuremic acidosis. AB - In bilaterally nephrectomized rats and in normal rats treated with 0.1 N HCl elevated levels of plasma total glycerol and lowered FFA and free glycerol are observed after a period of 25 h of starvation. In both cases the removal of intravenous lipid loads is slowed down, plasma LA is decreased after starvation and after lipid loads. The bicarbonate treatment of nephrectomized rats tends to normalize the plasma lipid levels and LA as well as the removal of intravenous lipid loads. The etiological importance of acidosis in uremic hypertriglyceridemia and possible clinical significance is pointed out. PMID- 41195 TI - Effect of surgical deafferentation on the transmitter and hormone content of the hypothalamus. PMID- 41196 TI - Neurotransmitters, neuromodulators, and neurohormones. PMID- 41197 TI - Dopaminergic antagonism of L-5-hydroxytryptophan-induced myoclonic jumping behavior. AB - We studied the effect of dopamine agonists (levodopa, apomorphine, lergotrile, and M-7 [2(dimethylamino)5,6-dihydroxytetralin] on myoclonic jumping behavior in young male guniea pigs. All these agents had a significant antagonistic effect on the frequency of this serotonin-mediated behavior. The duration of the antagonism corresponded in all cases to the duration of stereotyped chewing behavior induced by these agents alone. The dopamine antagonist haloperidol potentiated jumping behavior. Therefore myoclonic jumping behavior is influenced by dopaminergic mechanisms, and this behavior may be the result of interaction between dopaminergic and serotonergic activity. The role of dopaminergic mechanisms in human myoclonic disorders needs further clarification. PMID- 41198 TI - [Morphological, histoenzymatic and ultrastructural characteristics of the endothelium of cerebral capillaries in tissue culture in vitro. Summary of a thesis]. PMID- 41199 TI - [Experience in 50 case of drug poisoning]. PMID- 41200 TI - Controlled intravenous bicarbonate and fetal-maternal acid-base balance. I. The primipara. AB - The effects of a controlled sodium bicarbonate (SB) infusion on the acid-base balance of the primiparous mother and fetus at labor and delivery were evaluated. Two identical groups of primiparas with normal labor and delivery were studied. According to acid-base parameters observed in the mothers and fetuses of a control group, the pharmacologic dynamics, and the space of distribution of SB, 2 mEq/1 kg of total body weight were administered to the mothers of the study group, beginning at a cervical dilation of 6 cm until full dilation occurred. Highly significant changes in pH, base excess (BE), and plasma bicarbonate were observed in both the mothers and fetuses. In the latter, the significant changes appeared after a time lag of about 2 hours. No adverse effects in the mothers and fetuses were observed. The significant reduction of the relative fetal acidosis by the controlled SB infusion justifies further studies on the therapy potentials of this method in high-risk deliveries and during intrapartum fetal distress. PMID- 41201 TI - [EDTA solution concentration and pH effects on tooth hard tissue]. PMID- 41202 TI - Effect of macular ablation on vertical optokinetic nystagmus in the squirrel monkey. AB - After macular ablation in squirrel monkeys, a significant improvement of the slow phase eye speed of vertical optokinetic nystagmus (VOKN) was found. This findings is in contrast to the result of our previous study in which horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (HOKN) was not improved following macular ablation. The different influence of macular ablation on HOKN and VOKN could be due to the directional characteristics of vestibular and visual interaction relative to the direction of gravity and to the difference in horizontal and vertical vestibulo oculomotor neural pathways, including vestibular end-organs. The vertical directional dominance which was observed preoperatively was similarly observed in the postablative status; the upward slow-phase nystagmus was easier to provoke than the downward nystagmus by application of an identical stimulus. PMID- 41203 TI - [Role of lysosomal enzymes in the development of traumatic arthritis]. PMID- 41204 TI - Model experiments on nitrite and nitrate in simulated primeval conditions. AB - In experiments on the prebiotic formation of nitric oxides, anoxic mixtures of N2 and water vapour were sparked in contact with phosphate buffer solutions at various pH values. Nitrite was found in the aqueous phase, and nitrate grew from it, presumably by reaction with H2O2. In acid solutions, these anions were reduced and destroyed by Fe2+, and the same was true of nitrite in solutions kept at a pH value similar to that of the contemporary ocean (8.2) with HEPES buffer. Nitrate was not destroyed in short-term experiments, but as in sparking nitrate is formed only vianitrite, neither anion could accumulate. In further sparking experiments with alkaline sulphide, both nitrite and nitrate were reduced entirely. It is concluded that it is unlikely that the primeval ocean contained appreciable concentrations of nitrite or nitrate either at the reducing or at the redox-neutral stage. PMID- 41205 TI - Oxygen as a factor in eukaryote evolution: some effects of low levels of oxygen on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A comparative study of the effects of varying levels of oxygen on some of the metabolic functions of the primitive eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has shown that these cells are responsive to very low levels of oxygen: the level of palmitoyl-Co A desaturase was greatly enhanced by only 0.03% (v/v) oxygen. Similarly, an acetyl-CoA synthetase associated predominantly with anaerobic growth, was stimulated by as little as 0.1% oxygen, while an isoenzyme correlated with aerobic growth, was maximally active at much higher oxygen levels (greater than 1%). Closely following this latter pattern were three mitochondrial enzymes that attained maximal activity only under atmospheric levels of oxygen. PMID- 41206 TI - The presence of the heat-stable neurotoxin in the pertussis cells. PMID- 41207 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of brady-tachycardia]. PMID- 41208 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse in children]. PMID- 41209 TI - [Water content in various tissues of rats treated with neurohormones and irradiated in the microwave field until thermal death]. PMID- 41210 TI - A case of transient renal tubular acidosis type 1,4 hybrid RTA: a study of the pathophysiologic characteristics of the acidification defect. AB - The diagnosis of transient renal tubular acidosis was made in a 16 months old boy. Bicarbonate titration studies revealed that the acidification defect consisted of an association of proximal and distal tubular acidosis. The effect of experimentally induced potassium depletion revealed that hyperkalemia contributed to the acidification defect. After correction of the acidification disorder a defect in urinary concentration was still present. PMID- 41211 TI - Metachromatic leukodystrophy without arylsulfatase A deficiency. AB - Two siblings of consanguinous parents were noted to have a neurologic syndrome marked by developmental delay, regression of psychomotor performance, marked spasticity and progressive central nervous system degeneration. Markedly delayed nerve conduction times and a sural nerve biopsy which demonstrated changes typical of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) were evident. Impairment of sulfated glycolipid metabolism was documented by analysis of glycospingolipid in urinary sediment. In spite of these findings, activities of arylsulfatase A and cerebroside sulfatidase in white blood cells and cultured skin fibroblasts were near normal. However, when intact growing fibroblasts were loaded with 35SO4 sulfatide a clear defect in sulfatide cleavage, comparable to that seen in MLD patients, was observed. Thus, these patients represent a new form of sulfatide storage disease -- MLD characterized by intact enzyme activity in cell homogenates but defective sulfolipid metabolism in vivo and in intact fibroblasts. PMID- 41212 TI - 18th annual meeting. European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology. Ulm, Germany, June 20--23, 1979. PMID- 41213 TI - Effect of chronic reserpine administration on K+ and amylase release from the rat parotid gland. AB - After chronic administration of reserpine, slices of the rat parotid gland incubated in vitro were found to release significantly more K+ and significantly less amylase than similar slices from untreated control animals. The extent of K+ release in the gland slices of the drug-treated animals shows no dependency on external Na+ or Ca++ and is probably enhanced because of a decreased activation of K+ uptake by the Na+-K+ pump. This effect may also involve a defective generation of cyclic GMP, which was found to enhance K+ uptake and, thus, to inhibit K+ release in control slices. The inhibition of amylase release observed after treatment with reserpine most likely results from a deficient level or utilization of the energy or nucleotide sources required for enzyme secretion, because a similar inhibition was observed in control slices after incubation in the absence of the purines inosine and adenine. These results indicate that chronic reserpine administration impairs the stimulus-secretion coupling mechanism in the rat parotid gland and results in abnormal responses from both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors. PMID- 41214 TI - gamma-Glutamyl transferase: studies of normal and cystinotic human leukocytes, rabbit neutrophiles, and rat liver. PMID- 41215 TI - Host defenses in the fetus and neonate. PMID- 41216 TI - Ontogeny of human T cells. AB - Current knowledge of human T cell ontogeny is reviewed in terms of appearance of T cells in central and peripheral lymphoid organs, maturation of T cell markers, and development of immune functions. Extrapolation of growth curves derived from cell counts from fetal thymus, spleen, and bone marrow indicates the appearance of lymphocytes at 3.5 weeks gestation. E-rosette-forming cells are present in thymus at 11 weeks and in peripheral organs 15 to 16 weeks gestation. beta-2 Microglobulin is associated with all lymphoid cells by 13 weeks gestation. Lymphocyte responses to the T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) are first detected in thymus at 10 weeks and in spleen and blood 3 to 4 weeks later. Allogeneic responses in mixed lymphocyte reactions develop at about 7.5 weeks in fetal liver and later in thymus and peripheral organs. Lymphocytotoxicity for xenogeneic cells is a property of bone marrow cells and not thymocytes. Several aspects of development of a suppressor T cell in human neonates is discussed and related to similar findings in the mouse. These studies indicate a relatively high degree of maturation of human T cells during fetal life. PMID- 41217 TI - Calcium inhibits urinary acidification: effect of the ionophore A23187 on the turtle bladder. AB - The role of intracellular calcium in urinary acidification was studied in the turtle bladder with the use of the ionophore A23187. In the presence of calcium acidification was significantly inhibited in the hemibladders treated with the ionophore as compared to control hemibladders treated with dimethylsulfoxide (the vehicle used to dissolve the ionophore). In the absence of calcium both the ionophore and dimethylsulfoxide failed to cause any change in acidification. The apparent proton motive force and active conductance of H+ were unchanged in dimethylsulfoxide treated hemibladders. In the presence of the ionophore and calcium, the proton motive force and the conductance were significantly decreased when the H+ current was low (less than 30% of control values); when the H+ current was decreased, but not less than 30%, the proton motive force was unchanged. These data provide evidence for an important role of intracellular calcium in the regulation of urinary acidification. PMID- 41219 TI - Deutsche Physiologische Gesellschaft. Abstracts of the 52. meeting (autumn meeting), September 25--28, 1979, Kiel. PMID- 41218 TI - Responses of Purkinje cells of the cerebellar vermis to neck and macular vestibular inputs. AB - 1. The dynamic analysis of the control exerted by neck and macular vestibular receptors on the cerebellar cortex has been investigated in precollicular decerebrate cats submitted to sinusoidal rotation along the longitudinal axis of the animal at the frequency of 0.026 Hz and at peak amplitudes up to 10 degrees for the neck input and 15 degrees for the macular input. 2. Purkinje (P) cells located in the vermal cortex of the cerebellar anterior lobe, particularly in the longitudinal parasagittal zone which projects to the ipsilateral lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN), showed a sinusoidal modulation of the firing rate in response to sinusoidal stimulation of the neck receptors or the vestibular receptors, the phase of the responses being in most units related to the extreme neck or head position. Mossy fiber (MF) and/or climbing fiber (CF) responses of the same or different P-cells to the two inputs were observed. 3. The sensitivity of the MF-response of the P-cells to the neck input, elicited by sinusoidal rotation of the neck and expressed in per cent of the average firing rate per degree of neck rotation, corresponded on the average to 2.71 +/- 1.67, S.D. This value was significantly higher than that of the MF-response of the P-cells to the macular input elicited by sinusoidal tilt along the longitudinal axis of the whole animal, which correspond to 1.71 +/- 1.01, S.D. 4. Most of the MF-responses of the P-cells to the neck input were characterized by an excitation during side down rotation of the neck and by an inhibition during side-up rotation, whereas most of the MF-responses of the P-cells to the macular input showed just the opposite behavior, being inhibited by side-down tilt of the animal and excited by side-up tilt. 5. Units which received a convergent input from both neck and macular receptors and showed an antagonistic pattern of response to the two inputs were tested during rotation of the head alone, in order to excite simultaneously the two kinds of receptors. Due to the higher sensitivity of the neck over the macular response, the magnitude of the combined response tended to be similar to the difference between the individual ones. Moreover, the phase of the resulting response was always modified with respect to that of the response to the neck input alone, and became in some instances related to velocity of neck rotation rather than to neck position. 6. These findings indicate that opposite responses to neck and macular inputs occur at corticocerebellar level. However, a final integration of the two inputs, leading to suppression of the conflicting responses, may occur either at medullary (LVN) or at spinal cord level. PMID- 41220 TI - Screening methods for haemoglobins with high oxygen affinity. PMID- 41221 TI - [Simultaneous translation...in a common language?]. PMID- 41222 TI - Review: ethidium fluorescence assays. Part 1. Physicochemical studies. AB - DNA and RNA can be assayed rapidly and very sensitively by exploiting the enhanced fluorescence of ethidium intercalated into duplex regions. By assaying at different pHs and introducing a heating/cooling cycle, a great many physicochemical aspects of DNA and RNA can be studied avoiding the use of radiolabels, and often giving information not otherwise readily obtainable. Studies are described on duplex DNA which involve measurement of extinction coefficients, cross-linking by chemicals, Cot curve analysis as well as estimation of drug-DNA binding constants. The assays can be adapted to investigate multi-stranded nucleic acid structures. The use of covalently closed circular DNA also allows rapid and extremely sensitive measurements of nicking caused by irradiation or drugs. PMID- 41223 TI - Stability of the unique anticodon loop conformation of E.coli tRNAfMet. AB - Initiator tRNAs have an anticodon loop conformation distinct from that of elongation tRNAs as detected by susceptibility to S1 nuclease. We now find the anticodon loop conformation of E. coli tRNAfMet to be stable under different salt conditions as detected by using S1 nuclease as a structural probe. In contrast, a conformational change is observed in the T- and D- loop of this tRNA in the absence of added Mg2+. This change can be suppressed by spermine. Even under those conditions effecting a change in T- and D- loop conformation, the anticodon loop does not change. This suggests that the conformational shift is controlled by Mg2+ and restricted to the D- and T- loop region only without affecting the anticodon domain. The use of S1 nuclease as a conformational probe requires the use of kinetic studies to determine the initial cleavage sites. Thus, the use of a strong inhibitor which immediately stops the action of this nuclease is necessary. ATP is shown to be such an inhibitor. PMID- 41224 TI - Seeing the patient through surgery. National Association of Theatre Nurses--15th Annual Congress, Harrowgate, England Oct 17-19, 1979. PMID- 41225 TI - Community Outlook Conference 1979. PMID- 41226 TI - Give them the tools to learn. PMID- 41227 TI - [Range and possibilities of treatment of chronic bronchitis and its complications]. PMID- 41228 TI - Effect of pentobarbital anesthesia on serotonin metabolism in hypoxic rat brain. AB - Two hours of pentobarbital anesthesia resulted in marked elevation of serotonin (5-HT) level and decreased accumulation of 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) after probenecid, in specific parts of rat brain. In hypoxia, either no change (cortex, hypothalamus) or an increase (striatum, pons with medulla) in 5-HT content was observed. Concomitantly, the decrease of 5-HIAA level and its accumulation after transport inhibition occured. Pentobarbital pretreatment of hypoxic rats resulted in further diminution of 5-HT degradation after probenecid, having synergistic character in pons with medulla, which points to the specific sensitivity of serotonergic system in the latter area. Hypoxia-induced decrease of 5-HIAA level was prevented by pentobarbital pretreatment. The possible participation of 5-HIAA efflux inhibition in this phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 41229 TI - Tienilic acid in mild to moderate hypertension. AB - Tienilic acid has blood pressure lowering properties alone and in combined treatment with beta-adrenergic blocking agents; 250 mg of tienilic acid seems to correspond to 50 mg of hydrochlorothiazide. Tienilic acid effectively reduces serum urate and has no marked or rapid effect on potassium balance. During short term treatment, no impairment of glucose tolerance was found. PMID- 41230 TI - Hypertension and employment. PMID- 41231 TI - Problems of hypertension in childhood. PMID- 41233 TI - A modified procedure for the preparation of UDP-beta-L-(U-14C)rhamnose. AB - This paper describes the synthesis of UDP-L-(U-14C)rhamnose from UDP-D-(U 14C)glucose and NADPH using an enzyme preparation of Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi. A procedure to separate UDP-l-rhamnose from the other compounds in the reaction mixture is described. Optimal separation was achieved in ethanol 95%-1 M ammonium acetate (pH 3.8) (7:3, v/v) at 30 degrees C. PMID- 41232 TI - Physico-chemical characterization of hamster interferon. AB - The glycoprotein nature of Syrian hamster interferon was tested on several immobilized lectins. The specific retention of a small portion (20%) of interferon activity was observed only on concanavalin A-agarose; Component I of the interferon (not retained) has an apparent molecular weight of 23,500 whereas Component II (retained) is larger, 31,500. The apparent hydrophobicity of Syrian hamster interferon was probed by its chromatography on: (a) straight chain hydrocarbons of varied length; (b) aromatic ligands (aminobenzene, benzylamine, beta-phenylethylamine, gamma-phenyl-propylamine); ligands listed in (a) and (b) were immobilized to cyanogen bromide-activated agarose (isourea linkage); and (c) phenyl-agarose (Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B), an aromatic ligand immobilized via a 2 hydroxypropyl arm to the agarose (ether linkage). PMID- 41234 TI - Conference on the Health Effects of Blood Lipids: optimal distributions for populations. PMID- 41235 TI - [Functional properties of thrombocytes preserved with solutions of TsOLIPK 76 and citroglucophosphate and stored at temperatures of 4 and 22 degrees C]. PMID- 41236 TI - [Conditions for ethionamide activity and the formation of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 41237 TI - Evidence for a tyrosine residue at the active site of phosphoglucomutase and its interaction with vanadate. AB - The rate of transfer of [32P]phosphate from [32P]-labeled phosphoglucomutase (alpha-D-glucose-1,6-bisphosphate:alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.5.1) to glucose increases dramatically between pH 8.5 and 10.5 with a half maximal rate at pH 9.8. This suggests the participation of a residue containing an ionizable group with a pK close to 10. The inhibition of enzyme activity obtained with tyrosine-derivatizing reactions--iodination, nitration, acetylation, and diazo coupling--is strongly indicative of tyrosine participation. Thiol reagents, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and ethyleneimine, were without effect. Vanadate and arsenate augmented the transfer reaction 200- and 2.5-fold, respectively, and lowered the pH optimum of the reaction. PMID- 41238 TI - Hydrophilic region of lecithin membranes studied by bromothymol blue and effects of an inhalation anesthetic, enflurane. AB - A pH-indicator dye, bromothymol blue, was used to probe the hydrophilic surface of dimyristoyl-, dipalmitoyl-, and distearoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer vesicles. The apparent pK of the surface-adsorbed dye was larger than the bulk pK value. The contribution of the choline positive charge on the dissociation constant of the dye adsorbed on the vesicle surface was estimated by screening the charge interaction with 2 M KCl. The effective surface potentials interacting with the dye were thus estimated to be 33.2, 45.6, and 46.8 mV, respectively, for the dimyristoyl-, dipalmitoyl-, and distearoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. From the differences between the obtained effective potentials and the calculated surface potentials of the charge-determining plane of the choline head, the distances between the prototropic part of the dye and the choline charge determining plane were estimated to be 10.5, 8.0, and 7.8 A, respectively. These values were obtained at 25 degrees C; the dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine membrane was in the liquid-crystalline phase and the other two were in the solid gel phase. Addition of an inhalation anesthetic, enflurane, decreased the distance in the dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles and increased the distance in the dipalmitoyl- and distearoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles. The increase of precessional motion of choline head by the inhalation anesthetic is apparently responsible for the changes. PMID- 41239 TI - pH-dependent migration of copper(II) to the vacant zinc-binding site of zinc-free bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase. AB - Bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (Cu(2)Zn(2)SODase; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) consists of two identical subunits each containing Cu(2+) and Zn(2+) in close proximity. We describe here electron spin resonance (ESR) and visible absorption spectroscopic studies of the zinc-free derivative of this protein, Cu(2)E(2)SODase (E = empty) over the pH range 6-10. The ESR spectrum of the zinc-free protein at 77 K is markedly pH dependent. At pH < 8.0 the ESR spectrum is axial in appearance. At pH > 8.0, the lineshape becomes increasingly distorted with increasing pH until, at pH = 9.5, the spectrum is very broad and resembles that of the four-copper derivative Cu(2)Cu(2)SODase and of model imidazolate-bridged binuclear Cu(II) complexes. ESR spectra at 30 degrees C are also consistent with formation of Cu(II)-Im-Cu(II). A plot of changes in the signal amplitude of g perpendicular for Cu(2)E(2)SODase as a function of pH gives an apparent pK(a) of 8.2 for the transition. The long wavelength absorption with lambda(max) = 700 nm characteristic of Cu(2)E(2)SODase shifts with increasing pH to 800 nm and the resulting visible spectrum is identical to that of Cu(2)Cu(2)SODase. All of the above-mentioned spectroscopic changes induced by additions of NaOH are reversed when the pH is decreased with HNO(3), although the approach to equilibrium is slow in the latter case. The results of these experiments are consistent with a reversible, pH-dependent migration of Cu(2+) from the native copper site of one subunit of the zinc-free protein to the empty zinc site of another subunit. By contrast, native protein, Cu(2)Zn(2)SODase, and the four-copper protein, Cu(2)Cu(2)SODase, show no variation in visible or ESR spectral properties in this pH range. Some previous results concerning the activity of Cu(2)E(2)SODase and its thermal stability are reexamined in light of these new findings. PMID- 41240 TI - Leukotriene C: a slow-reacting substance from murine mastocytoma cells. AB - Murine mastocytoma cells treated with calcium ionophore A23187 produced a slow reacting substance (SRS) that caused guinea pig ileum to contract. The response was reversed by the SRS antagonist FPL 55712. On the basis of isotope incorporation experiments, spectroscopy, and chemical degradations, the SRS was identified as a cysteine-containing derivative of 5-hydroxy-7,9,11,14 icosatetraenoic acid. This amino acid was attached in thioether linkage at C-6. The SRS is structurally related to previously identified epoxy and dihydroxy metabolites of arachidonic acid in leukocytes. A common feature is the presence of a conjugated triene, and the name "leukotriene" has been introduced to designate these compounds. Leukotriene A (5,6-epoxy-7,9,11,14-icosatetraenoic acid) is an intermediate in the formation of leukotriene B (5,12-dihydroxy 6,8,10,14-icosatetraenoic acid) and is proposed to be a precursor also of leukotriene C, which is the SRS identified here. PMID- 41241 TI - Hydroperoxides can modulate the redox state of pyridine nucleotides and the calcium balance in rat liver mitochondria. AB - When rats are fed a selenium-deficient diet, the glutathione peroxidase activity in liver mitochondria decreases within 5 weeks to 0-6% of that of control animals fed on a diet supplemented with 0.5 ppm of selenium as sodium selenite. Analysis of the temperature dependence of energy-linked Ca(2+) uptake by means of Arrhenius plots reveals two breaks (at around 11 degrees C and 24 degrees C) in mitochondria isolated from selenium-supplemented animals, whereas in selenium deficient rats the break at 11 degrees C is absent. Ca(2+)-loaded mitochondria of selenium-supplemented rats-i.e., with active glutathione peroxidase in the matrix lose Ca(2+) rapidly, with a concomitant oxidation of endogenous NAD(P)H, when exposed to t-butyl hydroperoxide or H(2)O(2). In contrast, in selenium deficiency, t-butyl hydroperoxide and H(2)O(2) induce neither a release of Ca(2+) nor an oxidation of NAD(P)H. The peroxide-induced oxidation of NAD(P)H is reversible in the presence of succinate when no Ca(2+) has been taken up. When Ca(2+) has previously been accumulated, however, the oxidation of NAD(P)H is irreversible. Enzymatic analysis of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides reveals that the peroxide-induced oxidation of NAD(P)H in Ca(2+)-loaded mitochondria leads to a loss of NAD(+) and NADP(+). It is proposed that the redox state of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotides can be or is in part controlled by glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase and is a factor in the balance of Ca(2+) between mitochondria and medium. PMID- 41242 TI - Involvement of long-chain acyl coenzyme A for lipid synthesis in repression of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase in Candida lipolytica. AB - Mutant strains of Candida lipolytica defective in acyl-CoA synthetase II [acid:CoA ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.2.1.3] have been isolated. The mutants fail to grow on fatty acid as a sole carbon source but are capable of incorporating exogenous fatty acid into cellular lipids. This observation, together with our previous finding that mutant strains defective in acyl-CoA synthetase I cannot incorporate exogenous fatty acid into cellular lipids but are able to degrade fatty acid via beta-oxidation, indicates the presence of two functionally distinct long-chain acyl-CoA pools in the cell--i.e., one for lipid synthesis and the other for beta-oxidation. Unlike the wild-type and the revertant strains as well as the mutants lacking acyl-CoA synthetase II, the mutants defective in acyl CoA synthetase I do not exhibit the repression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase [acetyl CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.4.1.2] by exogenous fatty acid. Measurement of the two long-chain acyl-CoA pools with the aid of appropriate mutant strains has indicated that the long-chain acyl-CoA to be utilized for lipid synthesis, but not that to be degraded via beta-oxidation, is involved in the repression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. PMID- 41243 TI - A new glnA-linked regulatory gene for glutamine synthetase in Escherichia coli. AB - Mutations in the glnA region of the Escherichia coli chromosome due to Mu prophage insertion result in two phenotypic classes. One class is Gln- and does not synthesize glutamine synthetase[L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming), EC 6.3.1.2] under any growth condition. The other class produces a low level of glutamine synthetase under all growth conditions and is uncoupled from the regulatory effects of mutations in the glnF and glnD genes. Complementation analysis demonstrates that these two classes of insertions are in different cistrons. From these data we suggest that a regulatory gene, glnG, tightly linked to glnA, mediates both activation and repression of glutamine synthetase synthesis. An analysis of the evidence accumulated to date makes it unlikely that glnG is the only gene in the glnA region involved in the complex system of nitrogen regulation. PMID- 41244 TI - Nitrogen control in Salmonella: regulation by the glnR and glnF gene products. AB - The product of the glnR gene is required for nitrogen regulation of the synthesis of glutamine synthesis (Gln synthetase) [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP forming), EC 6.3.1.2] and two periplasmic transport proteins that are subject to nitrogen control in Salmonella. Strains with mutations to loss of function of the glnR product [e.g., a strain with a Tn10 insertion or one with an ICR-induced (frameshift) mutation in glnR] have about 3% as much Gln synthetase as a fully derepressed wild-type strain and are unable to increase synthesis of this enzyme or periplasmic transport proteins in response to nitrogen limitation. The structural gene for Gln synthetase, glnA, and those for the periplasmic transport proteins are unlinked on the chromosome; thus, glnR appears to encode a diffusible positive regulatory element. Consistent with this, the mutant glnR allele is recessive to the wild-type allele with regard to expression of glnA (synthesis of Gln synthetase). Although glnR is closely linked to glnA, strains with mutations to complete loss of function of the glnR product can be distinguished from glnA strains by their ability to produce detectable Gln synthetase and to grow in the absence of glutamine. To demonstrate unequivocally that glnR is distinct from glnA, we have purified and characterized Gln synthetase from a strain with a Tn10 insertion in glnR. Because the properties of Gln synthetase from the insertion mutant, most importantly the carboxyl-terminal sequence of amino acids, are the same as those of synthetase from wild type, the Tn10 insertion cannot be in glnA (if it were, the carboxyl terminus of Gln synthetase would have to be altered); therefore we conclude that the Tn10 insertion is in a regulatory gene, glnR, which is distinct from glnA. A model for the function of the glnR product together with the previously defined glnF product in mediating nitrogen control is discussed. PMID- 41245 TI - Requirement for membrane potential in injection of phage T4 DNA. AB - The first stages of infection by phage T4 may be divided into energy-dependent and energy-independent processes. Irreversible adsorption, unplugging, and initial exposure of the DNA terminus may occur at 4 degrees C, or at 37 degrees C in bacteria whose energy-yielding metabolism has been poisoned. DNA injection into the cytoplasm needs higher temperatures and energy from the host cell. The nature of this energy requirements was deduced from the use of metabolic inhibitors. Our results show that T4 DNA injection specifically requires the presence of a protonmotive force across the cytoplasmic membrane of the host. Moreover, the chemical gradient (delta pH) does not appear to be essential, but the membrane potential (delta psi) is required. PMID- 41246 TI - Clonal hybrid cell lines expressing cholinergic and adrenergic properties. AB - Different cholinergic cell lines were fused with an adrenergic neuroblastoma cell line (N115-BU-8). Its fusion with a cholinergic neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid produced a "hybrid-hybrid" line containing cholinergic and adrenergic enzyme activities. Both activities were also present in subclones of this line. The presence of catecholamines in single cells was confirmed by microspectrofluorimetry. These results are discussed with respect to the possibility of a simultaneous synthesis of noradrenaline and acetylcholine in single cells. The cholinergic and adrenergic enzyme activities are influenced by cell density, by dexamethasone, and by conditioned medium. PMID- 41247 TI - Interaction of phencyclidine ("angel dust") with a specific receptor in rat brain membranes. AB - [3H]Phencyclidine binds to synaptic membranes from rat brain in a saturable, reversible, and selective fashion, with a dissociation constant Kd of 0.25 microM and a maximal binding capacity of 2.4 pmol/mg of membrane protein--i.e., 250 pmol/g of brain. The binding activity is concentrated in synaptosomal fractions, is higher in cerebral cortex and corpus striatum than in other parts of the rat brain, and is not detectable in the spinal cord. Only molecules of the phencyclidine series and ketamine are able to bind to the phencyclidine receptor. [3H]Phencyclidine bound to its receptor is not displaced by the classical neurotransmitters or neuromodulators. There is a good correlation between the apparent affinities of a series of phencyclidine analogs for the phencyclidine receptor and the pharacological activities of these analogs as measured by the rotarod assay. PMID- 41249 TI - The effect of snack and beverage consumption on the pH of human dental plaque. PMID- 41248 TI - Selective loss of noradrenergic phenotypic characters in neuroblasts of the rat embryo. AB - To define the fate of embryonic neuroblasts in rat gut, which transiently express several noradrenergic traits, we investigated the high-affinity uptake of norepinephrine. At 12.5 days of gestation, these cells exhibited immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase [tyrosine 3-monoxygenase; L-tyrosine, tetrahydropteridine:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.16.2] and endogenous catecholamine fluorescence. However, by 13.5 days these noradrenergic neurotransmitter phenotypic characters essentially disappeared. In contrast, norepinephrine uptake, which was also apparent at 12.5 days, persisted at least through 17.5 days. These observations indicate that norepinephrine uptake develops as an additional noradrenergic characteristic in these cells and persists after the disappearance of other noradrenergic traits. Consequently, neurotransmitter phenotypic characters may be transiently displayed during normal development in vivo. PMID- 41250 TI - The perception of music. AB - A common but none the less remarkable human faculty is the ability to recognize and reproduce familiar pieces of music. No two performances of a given piece will ever be acoustically identical, but a listener can perceive, in both, the same rhythmic and tonal relationships, and can judge whether a particular note or phrase was played out of time or out of tune. The problem considered in this lecture is that of describing the conceptual structures by which we represent Western classical music and the processes by which these structures are created. Some new hypotheses about the perception of rhythm and tonality have been cast in the form of a computer program which will transcribe a live keyboard performance of a classical melody into the equivalent of standard musical notation. PMID- 41251 TI - The initial heat production in garfish olfactory nerve fibres. AB - A study has been made of the temperature changes associated with the passage of a single impulse in the non-myelinated fibres of the garfish olfactory nerve: and the time course of these temperature changes has been compared with the time course of the electrical events during the action potential. As in other non myelinated nerves studied the observed temperature changes result from a biphasic initial heat production consisting of a transient evolution of heat (the positive heat) followed by a rapid heat reabsorption (referred to as the negative heat). There is no evidence of any additional phases of initial heat production. At 0 degrees C the measured positive initial heat is 224 mucal/g impulse (937 muJ/g impulse); and the corresponding negative initial heat is 230 mucal/g impulse (962 muJ/g impulse). The residual initial heat is very small, being about -6 mucal/g impulse (-25 muJ/g impulse). In the range 0-10 degrees C there is no significant effect of temperature on the magnitude of either the positive or the negative phases of heat production. The experimental thermal records were analysed to determine the true time course of the temperature changes in the nerve undistorted by the recording system. The time course of the temperature changes does not fit with that of the transmembrane voltage change as represented by the monophasic compound action potential recorded externally from the same point on the nerve. A better fit is obtained if the temperature changes are compared with the square of the voltage change in accordance with the view that the heat derives almost wholly from free energy changes and entropy changes in the membrane capacity. The best fit is obtained if it is assumed that the membrane potential does not discharge to zero during the action potential but that at the peak of the action potential the charge (and hence the p.d.) across the membrane capacity retains about 24% of its resting value. PMID- 41252 TI - Estimates of quantal content during 'chemical potentiation' of transmitter release. AB - The number of quantal transmitter packets (m), released from motor nerve terminals in response to a single stimulus, has been estimated from the ratio of the amplitudes of endplate currents (e.p.c.) to spontaneous miniature endplate currents (m.e.p.c.), in voltage-clamped endplates of the frog. At 6 degrees C, the average value of m at normal nerve-muscle junctions was about 300. If allowance is made for the temporal dispersion of quantal transmitter release during the e.p.c., this value is increased by about 30%. After treatment with diaminopyridine or tetraethylammonium, transmitter release in response to a nerve stimulus is greatly enhanced and values of m exceeding 10(4) are frequently found. Moreover, the duration of the e.p.c. becomes much longer than that of the m.e.p.cs. The number of packets then liberated during the e.p.c. is much larger than the number of 'active zones' of the endplate and may even exceed the total number of vesicles lined up in twin-files adjacent to the presynaptic membrane. PMID- 41253 TI - Antigen-induced secretion in the optic gland of Octopus vulgaris. AB - The optic gland of the octupus responds to a variety of foreign proteins--1 to 2 days after the injection--by the mass production and release of a particulated material. In the electron microscope the antigen-induced substance shows as a non membrane bound particle of size about 30 nm. When released into the blood it does not disintegrate instantly. The chemistry of this material, which is probably identical with the optic gland hormone, is not known. However, non-vesicular storage and release as well as the abundance of tubular mitochondria suggest that the hormone is a steroid. The optic gland hormone, which is known to control sexual maturation, feeding and death in Octopus, appears to be involved in a defence mechanism against non-octopus proteins. PMID- 41254 TI - Nickel uptake by Flacourtiaceae of New Caledonia. AB - Herbarium and field specimens (over 300) of all of the Flacourtiaceae of New Caledonia were analysed for nickel in order to identify hyperaccumulators (greater than 1000 microgram/g dry mass) and to assess nickel accumulation in relation to the evolutionary status of 'nickel plants' of New Caledonia. One hyperaccumulator was identified in the genus Lasiochlamys, ten among Xylosoma, one among Casearia and seven among Homalium. Although these Homalium nickel plants had previously been recorded, fresh data for these and other Homalium are presented. The remarkable tolerance of Flacourticeae to ultrabasic rocks is shown by the fact that 75% of the species are found on such substrates. The number of hyperaccumulators was greatest in the genera Xylosoma and Homalium. The Flacourtiaceae are among the most primitive of all angiosperms and in common with other primitive hyperaccumulators, contain nickel as a complex with citric acid. The only advanced New Caledonian nickel plant (Psychotria douarrei) has most of its nickel bound with ligands other than citric acid, a feature of other advanced hyperaccumulators. It is postulated that nickel complexing with citric acid may be a primitive character. Most of the New Caledonian nickel plants belong to the order Violales of subclass Dilleniidae. It is suggested that hyperaccumulation of nickel is an evolutionary character which occurs in long-indisturbed floras such as that of New Caledonia. PMID- 41255 TI - Is genetically transmitted obesity due to an adipose tissue defect? AB - 1. The aim of this investigation was to ascertain of a variety of obese rodents whether the primary cause of fat cell enlargement lay in the fat cell itself, or in its environment. Rodents studied were the mutant mice 'diabetic' (db/db), 'adipose' (dbad/dbad), and 'yellow obese' (Ay/+), New Zealand obese mice, CBA mice made obese with gold thioglucose, and obese BIO 4.24 hamsters. 2. Gonadal fat of obese or lean genotype was transplanted under the kidney capsule of an obese or lean host. Grafts were left in place for at least one month, then examined histologically to measure fat cell diameters, from which fat cell masses were calculated. 3. Immunological rejection of grafts was avoided either by using mice syngeneic except for the obesity producing mutation (db/db, dbad/dbad or Ay/+) or by transplanting into F1 hybrids (NZO X BALB/c) made by mating the strains acting as donors of obese or lean fat. Transplantation of fat between lean BIO 4.22 hamsters and obese BIO 4.24 hamsters was possible because these had common histocompatibility antigens. 4. In all the forms of murine obesity studied, 'lean' fat cells enlarged in an obese recipient to the size typical of cells in 'obese' fat whilst 'obese' fat cells shrunk in a lean recipient to, at least, the size typical of 'lean' fat. Lean hamster fat cells also enlarged in an 'obese' environment and 'obese' hamster cells shrunk in a 'lean' environment. 5. Environment therefore contributes to the determination of fat cell size in all the rodents studied, and in several rodents (db/db, dbad/dbad, Ay/+, and gold thioglucose obese mice) our results showed that environmental factors are of paramount importance in determining cell size, and factors associated with the fat cell itself make a negligible contribution. PMID- 41256 TI - The influence of the brain hormone on retention of blood in the mid-gut of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.). III. The involvement of the ovaries and ecdysone. AB - Most female mosquitoes require a blood-meal in order to produce mature oocytes. An egg development neurosecretory hormone (EDNH), which is produced in the medial neurosecretory cells (m.n.c.) of the brain and stored in the corpus cardiacum, is released into the haemolymph following the ingestion of blood and is essential for the promotion of ovarian development to maturity. It has been shown that a factor from the m.n.c., presumably EDNH, is necessary if the blood-meal is to be retained in the mid-gut until the oocytes approach maturity. The present paper shows that retention is not a direct result of the action of EDNH, but is dependent on the ovaries and may well involve ecdysone. Removal of the ovaries before a blood-meal leads to early haem-defaecation, but delay can be restored by injection of ecdysterone. Sub-threshold feeders and mosquitoes decapitated immediately after the intake of blood, each of which would be expected to eliminate the blood-meal early, also show a delay in the onset of haem defaecation when injected with ecdysterone. Further, both in ovariectomized insects and sub-threshold feeders the time of onset of haem-defaecation is associated with the dose of ecdysterone given. PMID- 41257 TI - Specific protection of the binding sites of D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (delta receptors) and dihydromorphine (mu-receptors). AB - Phenoxybenzamine causes a long-lasting inactivation of the opiate receptors of the mu- and delta-type in homogenates of guinea-pig brain. The effect is selectively prevented when, before exposure to phenoxybenzamine, the homogenate is pre-incubated with ligands of high affinity for either of the two binding sites, i.e. dihydromorphine for the mu-receptor and Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Leu for the delta-receptor. In contrast, Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-L-Leu amide, which has high affinities for both binding sites, protects both receptor sites. PMID- 41258 TI - The First Annual Symposium of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, Atlantic City, New Jersey, April 12, 1978. PMID- 41259 TI - Influence of environmental pH on the preservation and inactivation of herpes simplex virus. PMID- 41260 TI - Quantitative detection of endotoxin by nephelometry. PMID- 41261 TI - Effect of beta-adrenergic stimulation of the septal area on renal excretion of electrolytes and water in the rat. PMID- 41262 TI - Effects of MIF-I and melatonin on novelty-induced defecation and associated plasma 11-OHCS and brain catecholamines. AB - In two experiments the effects were investigated of MSH-inhibiting factor-I (MIF I) and of Melatonin on step-down latencies, defection, plasma 11-OHCS levels, whole brain DA and whole brain NE concentrations on Days 1, 3 and 5 of novelty exposure. Treatment with MIF-I led to a significant habituation of novelty induced defecation over 5 days, whereas plasma 11-OHCS level was reduced only on Day 1. The concentrations of whole brain DA and whole brain NE also showed a significant increase over days of MIF-I and novelty treatment. Melatonin treatment, on the other hand, significantly inhibited novelty-induced defecation and reduced plasma 11-OHCS level on Day 5 of novelty exposure. Melatonin treatment led to a significant increase of whole brain DA in animals exposed to novelty for 5 days. Neither MIF-I nor Melatonin was found to significantly affect the step-down activity of treated animals. The overall results suggested a possible relationship between novelty-induced defecation and brain DA levels of MIF-I and Melatonin treated animals. PMID- 41263 TI - Consequences of reward and nonreward conditions: runway behavior, neurotransmitters and physiological indicators of stress. PMID- 41264 TI - Effects of some anti-epileptic, neuroleptic and gabaminergic drugs on convulsions induced by D,L-allylglycine. AB - The antagonism of various seizure and time-related components of the convulsions resulting after IV injection of D,L-allylglycine into male Wistar rats were assessed in a standard test procedure. Trimethadione and ethosuximide did not antagonize the seizure components, whereas clonazepam, phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, primidone, valproate sodium, aminoxyacetic acid, etomidate, acetazolamide, flunarizine, pipamperone and baclofen did. The allylglycine test may thus represent a relatively specific method of differentiating between drugs effective against partial or generalized convulsive seizures from those effective against absence seizures. The neuroleptics haloperidol and pimozide were completely inactive in contrast to their reported antagonism of bicuculine seizures. The spectra of the active substances are discussed with respect to Principal Component and Cluster Analysis. Noteworthy are the similarities between baclofen and etomidate; between aminoxyacetic acid, phenobarbital and valproate sodium; and between diphenylhydantoin and flunarizine. PMID- 41266 TI - Partial anxiolytic action of morphine sulphate following microinjection into the central nucleus of the amygdala in rats. AB - In the social interaction test of anxiety, bilateral microinjections of morphine sulphate (10 microgram) into the central nucleus of the amygdala counteracted the reduction in social interaction normally seen when the test arena is unfamiliar to rats. However, these injections did not counteract the decrease in social interaction that is observed as illuminance of the arena is increased. Morphine injections into the medial site depressed social interaction below the levels shown by control animals. In the open field test, morphine produced a facilitation of peripheral activity when injected into the central nucleus whilst a decrease in rearing was observed following similar injections into the medial nucleus. Overall, these data indicate a partial anxiolytic action of morphine in the central amygdaloid nucleus. Results are discussed in relation to possible differences in opioid peptide innervation of these two amygdaloid nuclei. PMID- 41265 TI - The influence of cholinergic transmitter substances on the incorporation of (14C) leucine and (3H)-fucose into the total proteins of hippocampus in vivo and in vitro. AB - The incorporation of (14C)-leucine into the total proteins of the hippocampus is inhibited by high concentrations of cholinergic agonists, with nicotinic substances (such as 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazine) being more effective than muscarinic compounds (such as arecoline and pilocarpine). Under these conditions the incorporation of (3H)-fucose is not influenced. PMID- 41267 TI - Actions and interactions of amphetamine on self-stimulation in rats. AB - The dose-response relationship for d-amphetamine (0.125-2 mg/kg, IP) and its l isomer (0.125-3 mg/kg, IP) was studied in self-stimulation behavior of rats each with an electrode at posterior hypothalamus (PH, mainly monoaminergic) or area ventralis tegmentum (A10, dopaminergic). The drug effects increased with the dose reaching a peak (at 0.5 mg/kg with d-amphetamine and at 1.0 mg/kg with 1 amphetamine) and then decreased. The d-isomer was approximately twice as potent as the l-isomer in enhancing intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) rate with electrodes at either site. Azaperone (mainly an alpha-adrenergic blocker) and haloperidol (an antidopaminergic neuroleptic) used in small doses (0.05 and 0.008 mg/kg respectively) which did not affect the baseline responding, blocked amphetamine-induced enhancement of ICSS in both groups of rats. Thus, amphetamine induced facilitation of ICSS at both PH and A10 areas and its blockade by an alpha-adrenergic blocker as well as an antidopaminergic neuroleptic show the involvement of both noradrenergic and dopaminergic mechanisms in self-stimulation behavior. PMID- 41268 TI - Inhibition of conditioned avoidance response by a new neuroleptic (LR 511). Interference with drugs endowed with different CNS activity. PMID- 41269 TI - Stability of indomethacin solubilized system. AB - Physical and chemical stability testing was carried out for indomethacin in the form of solution, syrup and elixir solubilized by Tween 80 and Brij 99. It was found that sucrose and alcohol markedly stabilize the indomethacin solution. PMID- 41270 TI - The effect of a second laminated gelatin film on the release rate of sulfadiazine from gelatin-gel matrix. AB - The influence of a second laminated gelatin film without the drug over a gelatin gel matrix containing sulfadiazine on the release rate was investigated. It was found that increasing the thickness of the second laminated layer markedly decreased the release of the drug incorporated in the gelatin layer. PMID- 41271 TI - [Intensification of tumor acidification produced by glucose infusion with sodium nitroprusside]. PMID- 41272 TI - Structural and quantitative studies on the normal C3H and Lurcher mutant mouse. PMID- 41273 TI - A marker induction mechanism for the establishment of ordered neural mappings: its application to the retinotectal problem. PMID- 41274 TI - Kinetic and spectroscopic effects of protein-chromophore electrostatic interactions in bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 41275 TI - Characterization of the pH-dependent dimer-to-protomer transformation of cytochrome C oxidase at alkaline pH. AB - The pH-induced dissociation of cytochrome c oxidase from dimer to protomer has been studied in the pH range 7 to 11. Findings are as follows: The heme A:copper ratio is 1.0 at both pH 7.4 and 10.6. The relative enzymatic activity is preserved at all pH values at which the dimer or protomer are found. The fraction of protomer, determined from sedimentation velocity profiles, increases from 0 to 1 as the pH is raised. The absorption and circular dichroism spectra in the Soret region change in ways indicating that the contributions of cytochrome a in typical cytochrome aa3 spectral patterns are progressively lost as pH increases. At pH values more alkaline than the above, denaturation occurs. The fraction of protomer, and certain parameters defined to quantitate the changes in spectral form, exhibit similar pH profiles for a given preparation; but these concerted changes occur over different pH ranges for different preparations. Nevertheless the optical parameters are linearly correlated with the fraction of protomer for each preparation. It is concluded that the spectral properties of the dimer and the protomer are intrinsic attributes of each species and are not directly affected by changes in ambient pH. PMID- 41276 TI - Comparative research concerning the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin in different experiment animals. PMID- 41277 TI - Intraventricular self-administration of acetaldehyde, but not ethanol, in naive laboratory rats. AB - For 11 consecutive days, naive rats were maintained in operant chambers where they were given the opportunity to self-administer acetaldehyde (1,2, or 5% v/v), ethanol (2 or 10% v/v), or pH control solutions directly into the cerebral ventricles. Only the animals that had access to the 2 and 5% acetaldehyde solutions showed rates of lever pressing significantly higher than controls. It is suggested that acetaldehyde rather than ethanol itself may mediate the positive reinforcing effects of ethanol in the brain. PMID- 41279 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of pentylenetetrazol and bemegride: some generalization and antagonism tests. AB - In an operant procedure of lever pressing on a FR 10 schedule of food reinforcement, male hooded rats were trained to respond with a lever on one side of a food cup following a drug injection, and to respond with a lever on the alternate side following a 1 ml/kg saline injection. All of 14 subjects learned to discriminate reliably between the effects of 20 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and saline. Seven of eight rats learned to discriminate between the effects of bemegride (5 mg/kg) and saline. None of 14 rats learned to discriminate between 5mg/kg PTZ and saline. The bemegride discriminative stimulus generalized to PTZ (20mg/kg) and was antagonized by chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg). Chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam, clobazam, and meprobamate were all effective antagonist of PTZ in a dose-dependent manner. Bemegride and cocaine generalized to the PTZ discriminative stimulus in a dose-dependent manner, but d-amphetamine, methylphenidate, and nicotine did not. Since bemegride and PTZ are convulsants at higher doses, the discriminative stimulus properties of these drugs might be based on a subtle convulsive brain state. The anxiolytic properties of benzodiazepines and meprobamate suggest that the discriminative stimulus produced by these convulsants is related to an "anxiety-inducing" action. PMID- 41280 TI - Chronic effects of mianserin on noradrenaline metabolism in the rat brain: evidence for a pre-synaptic alpha-adrenolytic action in vivo. AB - Chronic administration of the pre-synaptic alpha-adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine decreases the concentration of the extra-neuronal metabolite of noradrenaline normetanephrine in the amygdaloid cortex and increases it in the mid-brain. Conversely, blockade of these pre-synaptic receptors by yohimbine increases the normetanephrine concentration in the amygdaloid cortex and decreases it in the mid-brain. Mianserin had a qualitatively similar action to that of yohimbine. When given clinically to rats in combination with clonidine, mianserin antagonizes both the depression of behaviour of the rats in the 'open field' apparatus and also the effects of the alpha-agonist in reducing the concentration of normetanephrine in the amygdaloid cortex. It thus appears that the chronic effects of mianserin are due to an increase in noradrenaline release as a consequence of the inhibitation of pre-synaptic alpha-adrenoreceptors. PMID- 41278 TI - Amphetamine's locomotor-stimulant and noreprinephrine-releasing effects: evidence for selective antagonism by nisoxetine. PMID- 41282 TI - The medical approach to anxiety neurosis. PMID- 41281 TI - LSD-induced alterations of investigatory responding in rats. AB - The effects of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on investigatory responses of rats in a novel hole-board were assessed in a series of experiments. LSD (40-160 micrograms/kg) altered the temporal distribution of "nose-poke" response during a 24-min session; LSD-treated rats responded less than controls initially, yet increased their response rates late in the session. This dose-dependent effect was not related to the time course of the drug's action nor to alterations in general locomotor activity. Only partial tolerance was found after eight daily injections of 100 micrograms/kg LSD. When handling stress was minimized by placing the animals in an anteroom for 10 min before starting the test, the distribution of responding was normal although the overall frequency was still reduced. Conversely, vigorous handling potentiated the LSD effect. These results are interpreted as indicating an increased sensitivity of the LSD-treated rats to the stimuli associated with being handled and placed into the novel hole-board rather than a direct effect on investigatory tendencies. This LSD-induced potentiation of defensive responses appears to compete with the active exploration of the novel environment. PMID- 41284 TI - International Symposium on Biomedical Experience with Negative Pions, Brugg Windisch, Switzerland, December 8, 1978. PMID- 41283 TI - Anxiety associated with cardiovascular disorders: a study using lorazepam. PMID- 41285 TI - [Small pulmonary nodular opacities in inflammatory and granulomatous lung disease (author's transl)]. AB - Small pulmonary nodular opacities are usually visible only due to the summation of several small foci. The size of a single focus and its number per area determine their radiographic appearance either that of small nodular lesions, or of a reticular pattern or of diffus opacification. The small nodular pattern is primarily observed in lung disease beginning in the interstitium rather than the alveoli. Pattern and course of small nodular lung lesions give important differential diagnostic clues. PMID- 41286 TI - Introduction of a nomenclature: leukotrienes. PMID- 41287 TI - [Problem of zoonoses]. PMID- 41288 TI - [Fatal vascular complications in chickenpox]. PMID- 41289 TI - Post-soldering ceramic alloys. PMID- 41290 TI - [Selection of Mucor spp strains producing milk-clotting enzymes]. PMID- 41291 TI - [Evaluation of the preliminary diagnostic value of lactic dehydrogenase in pleural effusions]. PMID- 41292 TI - [Renal tubular acidosis]. PMID- 41293 TI - Modification by histamine H2-receptor blockade of acid secretion stimulated by histamine, pentagastrin and methacholine in the isolated whole mouse stomach. AB - The direct influences of the blockade of the gastric histamine H2-receptors on the secretory actions induced by histamine, pentagastrin and methacholine, have been studied on the isolated perfused whole mouse stomach. According to the results cimetidine did not modify the spontaneous basal acid secretion. The interactions of cimetidine with the secretagogues were of a competitive nature with histamine and non-competitive with pentagastrin, while no modification of methacholine stimulated acid secretion. PMID- 41294 TI - Effects of adrenergic blockers on platelet aggregation. AB - The action of orciprenaline, tolazoline, propanolol and inpea on platelet aggregation induced by ADP epinephrine and norepinephrine was studied in vitro in human platelet-rich plasma. Orciprenaline did not significantly affect aggregation induced by ADP. Tolazoline inhibits the aggregation induced by epinephrine and norepinephrine more intensely than the beta-blockers. Inpea blocks the platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine and norepinephrine to a greater extent than propanolol at similar concentrations. The beta-blockers inhibit platelet aggregation non-specifically. PMID- 41295 TI - The mentally restored client on antipsychotic medication: counselor considerations. PMID- 41296 TI - Comparison of Mg2+ vs Ca2+, K+ and actin-activation of myosin after trinitrophenylation. AB - While modification of six lysyl residues causes a near maximal decrease in Ca2+, K+, and actin + Mg2+ -activated myosin ATPase activities in rabbit skeletal muscle myosin, it takes nearly twice this number of modified lysyl groups to cause a similar alteration in canine cardiac myosin where trinitrophenylation is nonspecific. It appears that there are several rapidly reacting lysyl residues in cardiac myosin; the active site of cardiac myosin is protected by ATP after modification of a limited number of these rapidly reacting lysyl groups. In both myosins, after a charge modification of these rapidly reacting lysyl groups, 6 in rabbit skeletal muscle myosin and 10 in canine cardiac myosin, there is a decrease in Ca2+, K+, and actin + Mg2+ -stimulation of myosin but an activation of Mg2+ -stimulated myosin ATPase activity, thus making actin + Mg2+ -stimulated myosin ATPase activity more like activation with K+ or Ca2+ as compared to activation with Mg2+ alone. PMID- 41297 TI - [Pharmacology of centrally active antihypertensive agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 41299 TI - Temperature and acid-base status of human blood at constant and variable total CO2 content. AB - The influence of temperature on the acid-base status of normal human blood was studied in closed systems (constant CCO2) and open systems (variable CCO2). pH-T coefficients of true plasma and erythrocytes in closed systems were similar to coefficients for water (dpH/dT = -0.017 U/degrees C at 25 degrees C). Between 26 degrees C and 42 degrees C there was no significant variation in the relative alkalinities [OH-]/[H+], the charge state of proteins in plasma and erythrocytes or the proton Donnan ration. The equations established enabled calculation of the pH of true plasma and erythrocytes and of blood PCO2 and temperature, using only one of these four parameters. Under open-system conditions, temperature was shown to cause a rise in the apparent buffer power of whole blood non-bicarbonate systems (28.8 and 34.8 mM.l-1.u-1 at 26 degrees C and 42 degrees C respectively). These results show (1) that erythrocytes in closed systems seem very well able to maintain proton distribution regardless of temperature fluctuations and (2) when blood temperature rises, it cannot be excluded that vital organs are better protected against respiratory disturbances. PMID- 41298 TI - The binding of lactate and chloride ions to human adult hemoglobin. AB - The effects of sodium lactate (Lact) on the oxygen affinity and the Bohr effect of purified human adult hemoglobin solutions have been compared to the effects of sodium chloride (Cl). Changes in the affinity for oxygen have been estimated from the variations of log(O2)50 with pH and at various salt concentration from 0.005 up to 2.0 mol.l-1. (O2)50 was calculated as alpha.P0.5 where alpha is the solubility coefficient of oxygen in the solutions at various salt concentrations. Variations of log(O2)50 with pH at constant salt concentration and variations of log(O2)50 with anion concentration at constant pH have been studied according to the linked-functions theory (Wyman, 1968). Bohr curves and salt binding curves were calculated from standard iterative curve fitting procedures and various parameters relevant to the effects of salts on hemoglobin function were estimated. It is shown that Lact and Cl increase (O2)50 and the alkaline Bohr effect in a comparable way at low salt concentration. At high concentration the effect of Lact predominated over that of Cl. The amount of oxygen linked Lact was larger than that of Cl. Binding constants for both anions to deoxy and oxy Hb were estimated. Lact and Cl have comparable binding constants to deoxy hemoglobin. By contrast Lact binds to oxy hemoglobin to a lesser extent than Cl. This may account for the differences observed in the effects of Lact and Cl on the function of hemoglobin. The reason for the low affinity of oxy hemoglobin for Lact may be related to steric differences between the two anions. PMID- 41300 TI - [Reduction of the size of the acute myocardial infarct (AMI). Possibilities and limitations. Current status of the problem]. PMID- 41301 TI - [Physiopathology of the process of cholesterol esterification]. PMID- 41302 TI - [Therapeutic protection and limitation of the area of necrosis in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 41303 TI - [Sodium and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 41304 TI - [Drug-induced hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 41305 TI - [Indications of revascularization surgery in renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 41306 TI - [Study of the bioavailability of some digitalis preparations]. PMID- 41307 TI - [Use of sodium nitroprussiate and diazoxide in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies]. PMID- 41308 TI - [Drug protection of the cardiovascular system against psychological stress]. PMID- 41309 TI - [Specific hyposensitization (SH) correlated with the dynamics of serum specific IgE]. PMID- 41310 TI - [Study of vitamin B 12 malabsorption in some gastrointestinal diseases]. PMID- 41311 TI - [Study of the diet of students of the University Center of Bucharest]. PMID- 41312 TI - [Erective impotence. Sexological aspects]. PMID- 41313 TI - [Post-pill amenorrhea and drugs]. PMID- 41314 TI - What to watch for with minor tranquilizers. PMID- 41315 TI - [Activity of the fibrinolytic system of the peripheral venous blood in thyroid diseases in the preoperative period]. PMID- 41316 TI - The relationship between electrical activity and myocardial contractility following acute coronary occlusion. PMID- 41317 TI - [Influence of antihistaminics on the concentration of histamine in lungs and of corticosterone in the blood after nitrogen oxide inhalation]. PMID- 41318 TI - Sensorineural hearing impairment and hearing aids. Proceedings of the 8th Danavox Symposium 1977. PMID- 41319 TI - The peripheral platelet count and the isoprenaline-induced splenic platelet pooling in response to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. AB - Previous reports have shown that a single, oral dose of 50 mg metoprolol (a selective beta-1-receptor antagonist) causes a significant increase in the peripheral platelet count by releasing platelets from the spleen. In the present study 20 healthy volunteers received 50 mg metoprolol and 40 mg propranolol orally. Both drugs induced a statistically significant increase in the platelet count lasting more than 5 h. In addition, the effect of metoprolol and propranolol on beta-adrenoceptor mediated splenic platelet trapping was studied on 7 healthy subjects who received intravenous infusions of isoprenaline before and after the ingestion of these 2 beta-blocking drugs. It was demonstrated that the isoprenaline mediated decrease in the venous platelet count was diminished by both propranolol and metoprolol but the former compound appeared to be more potent in this respect. We conclude that both selective and non-selective beta receptor blockade causes an increase in the peripheral platelet concentration during rest as well as during beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. PMID- 41320 TI - New information about the development of the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 41321 TI - Flatworm control of mosquito larvae in rice fields. AB - We describe some flatworms (some in the genus Mesostoma) that kill mosquito larvae and may account for the variability in the population densities of Culex tarsalis and Anopheles freeborni in rice fields. When mosquito larvae brush against these worms, the larvae immediately become paralyzed and die. When C. tarsalis larvae are placed inside floating cages that exclude flatworms (50 micromter mesh), there is a fourfold increase in the their survival. Rice fields that have abundant mosquito populations lack flatworms. Most such fields have only recently been turned over to rice production, suggesting that the flatworms have difficulty dispersing to new fields but, once established, are able to overwinter and control mosquitoes for the subsequent years of rice production. PMID- 41322 TI - [Value of quantitative evaluation of bacterial species in bronchitic infections (author's transl)]. AB - A quantitative evaluation of the bacterial species in the sputum collected from 93 patients was conducted over a period of 7 months. The patients were divided into five different pathological categories, while separating those patients who had not received antibiotic therapy before samples were taken from those who had been administered this type of treatment. Samples were repeated after one week in 30 cases. The most frequently encountered germs were hemophilus (10(6)) and pneumococcus (10(7)). In simple bronchopathies, Gram-negative germs were only isolated at levels of 10(5) from patients previously treated with antibiotics, which demonstrates their low pathogenic role. In most severe bronchopathies they were isolated more frequently, but at levels which rarely exceeded 10(6). Their pathogenic role has to be evaluated as a function of the progression in clinical signs. The authors underline the frequency with which pneumococcal strains are resistant to tetracyclines. PMID- 41323 TI - [Clinical study of benorilate. Co-ordinated multi-centre test (author's transl)]. AB - During a co-ordinated test realized by four centres of rheumatology, 91 patients had been treated by benorilate,giving so the possibility to appreciate its efficiency and its tolerance as well in the articulary fits of degeneration as in the inflammatory rheumatisms. The observations had been collected during ambulatory treatments and consequently in the conditions of daily practice. The efficiency of benorilate has been estimated by the two big disadvantages of the rheumatic person: importance of pains and capacity to do principal movements of daily life. The almost totality of patients having been preliminarily treated by another anti-inflammatory and/or antalgesic, the judgement aimed at the amelioration given by the benorilate : 41% of patients affected by arthropathy of degeneration feeled better or much better after taking benorilate. The amelioration reaches 61% for cases of rheumatoid polyarthritis. About the four criterions which could have been numerically quoted, the amelioration that had been observed is statistically significant. No anomaly had been pointed out as for the biological tolerance. The suspension form is well accepted by the rheumatic persons. PMID- 41324 TI - [Soviet-American cooperation in the field of congenital heart defect treatment]. PMID- 41325 TI - [Phenazepam in the treatment of borderline forms of neuropsychiatric disorders]. PMID- 41326 TI - [Osteosynthesis of small bones and its indications]. PMID- 41327 TI - The treatment of anxiety states by drugs and other means. AB - The place of pharmacotherapy, behaviour therapy and biofeedback techniques in the general strategy of treating anxiety states is critically discussed. The dangers and disadvantages of barbiturates are described and the value and limitations of other drugs are considered. Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs have a limited but valuable role in some patients, neuroleptics have a strictly limited place in treatment, and the role of antidepressants of various kinds is considered when anxiety is part of a depressive illness. The benzodiazepines are the most important group of drugs available for the treatment of anxiety states. The differences between various benzodiazepines are presented, with particular reference to their onset of action, half-life and the relevance of active metabolites of some of these drugs. A knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of the benzodiazepine drugs is of practical importance to the clinician. Emphasis is placed on the doctor-patient relationship and psychotherpeutic management in which drugs and other treatment serve as tactical aids in the general strategy of care. PMID- 41328 TI - Effect of beta-blocking agents on renal function. PMID- 41329 TI - The spectrum of inhibition of gastric acid secretion. PMID- 41330 TI - [First European Nursing Research Conference in Austerlitz in the Fall: improved patient care through research and teamwork]. PMID- 41331 TI - Regulation of ion content in whole plants. PMID- 41332 TI - [Lung diseases in periarteritis nodosa and Wegener's granulomatosis]. PMID- 41333 TI - [Effect of different groups of adrenergic beta receptor blockaders on the clinical course of the disease, work capacity and echocardiographic indicators in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 41334 TI - [Prophylactic measures in pediatrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 41335 TI - Potentiating effect of adrenaline on adenosine diphosphate-induced reduction in rabbit circulating platelet count: inhibition by dihydroergotoxine. AB - The number of circulating platelets was monitored in anaesthetized rabbits by a continuous flow technique, using a Technicon Autocounter. Transient reductions in circulating platelet count induced by a submaximal dose of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) were potentiated by concomitant infusion of adrenaline at doses (1-25 microgram/kg) i.v.) which did not influence platelet count when infused alone. The adrenaline effect was dose-dependent. Repeated infusions of adrenaline at 15 min intervals resulted in reproducible reductions in circulating platelet count during an observation period of at least 105 min. Dihydroergotoxine (DHET), administered either i.v. (2.5-10 microgram/kg) or intraduodenally (i.d.; 25-100 microgram/kg), inhibited adrenaline-induced potentiation dose-dependently; ADP induced effects were not influenced. Duration of action was relatively long, and significant inhibitory activity was still apparent 50 (i.v.) and 115 (i.d.) min after drug administration. DHET doses inhibiting adrenaline-induced potentiation of platelet aggregation in the rabbit are similar to doses used in the treatment of impaired human cerebral function. It is conceivable that DHET could prevent activation of human platelets by catecholamines released into the blood stream in clinical stress situations. PMID- 41336 TI - Platelet adhesiveness to glass. PMID- 41337 TI - The isoelectric point of thrombin and its behaviour compared to prothrombin at some solid surfaces. AB - We have shown that the isoelectric point of thrombin is high and that thrombin is a cation at the pH of blood. On the other hand, prothrombin has a low isoelectric point, being more anionic at the pH of blood. It was also found that thrombin adsorbs readily to surfaces, especially negatively charged surfaces, like behenic acid surfaces at pH 8.2. Furthermore, thrombin adsorbed onto behenic acid was active in the sense that it coagulated fibrinogen. The significance of the electric charge of the thrombin molecule in the mechanism of atherosclerosis is discussed. PMID- 41338 TI - Cryoprecipitation- a more efficient method than agarose gel chromatography for removal of contaminating soluble fibrin in human fibrinogen preparations. PMID- 41339 TI - [Retention of the testis]. PMID- 41340 TI - Syntheses and properties of bioactive organo-silicon compounds. PMID- 41341 TI - Resolution of thiosulfate interference in cyanide determination. PMID- 41342 TI - Abstracts of the 6th International Symposium on Animal, Plant and Microbial Toxins, Uppsala, August 1979. PMID- 41343 TI - [Effect of monoamines and their antagonists on the evoked responses of the central zones of the rabbit cerebral cortex]. PMID- 41344 TI - Modification of cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity by inhibition of dopamine beta hydroxylase. AB - The influence of sympathetic nervous activity on cerebral circulation and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity was investigated through inhibition of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH). A PO2 electrode, a PCO2 electrode and a plate-type thermocouple-flowmeter were placed on the pial surface of the cat brain. Cerebrocortical PO2, PCO2, cerebrocortical blood flow and arterial blood pressure were continuously recorded before, during and after intracarotid infusion of 10 mg/kg of fusaric acid, a potent DBH inhibitor. The effects of 5% CO2 inhalation and hyperventilation were measured before and after the inhibition of DBH. Following the intracarotid infusion of fusaric acid, cerebrocortical PO2 and cerebrocortical blood flow increased significantly. After the inhibition of DBH, the degree of the increase in cerebrocortical PO2 during 5% CO2 inhalation was enhanced while the degree of the decrease in cerebrocortical PO2 during hyperventilation did not show any significant change. The cerebral vasodilatation caused by fusaric acid suggests that the sympathetic nervous system takes part in the resting tone of cerebral blood vessels. The increase in the cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity produced by the inhibition of DBH suggests that the sympathetic nervous system modifies cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity. PMID- 41345 TI - Body fluid oxygen tension and prognosis in patients with ruptured aneurysm. AB - Body fluid gas pressure and electrolytes of patients with ruptured aneurysm were continuously analyzed. Intracranial pressure (ICP) was regulated at the level of 120-100 mm H2O by cerebral ventricular drainage. There was no significant change in the pH, PCO2, HCO3-, Na+, K+, Ca++ in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with slight or moderate disturbance of consciousness (lethargic-drowsy state). The PcsfO2 of the patients with marked disturbances of consciousness (semicoma-coma) was significantly low. PcsfO2 of the patients with cerebral vasospasm was significantly lower than for those without vasospasms. PcsfO2/PaO2 was 0.27 +/- 0.01 in the patients with vasospasm and 0.50 +/- 0.01 in those with vasospasm. PcsfO2 tended to decrease in patients with markedly bloody CSF. When the bloody CSF was cleared by ventricular drainage, PcsfO2 increased. PcsfO2 did not return to a normal value in the patients with marked disturbances of consciousness despite sufficient arterial oxygen tension. This suggests that PcsfO2 and PcsfO2/PaO2 should provide a convenient index for the prognosis of patients with ruptured aneurysm. PMID- 41346 TI - pH dependence of blood-brain barrier permeability to lactate and nicotine. AB - Brain uptake of radiolabeled D and L-lactate, D-glucose and nicotine, as measured by the intra-carotid bolus method, was examined over a range of pH of the injected solution. The uptake of L-lactate was highest at pH 6.1, and lowered significantly at pH 7.2, 7.5 and 8.4. In contrast, the uptake of the D-enantiomer was not as dramatically affected. Glucose uptake was not affected by alterations in pH. Nicotine uptake decreased with pH reduction through a range of 8.3-4.2. These data suggest that it is the uncharged molecule which penetrates the blood brain barrier by both carrier and lipid mediation. A mechanism relating to these observations is postulated and possible relevance to lactate washout from ischemic brain discussed. PMID- 41347 TI - Arterial air embolism in the cat brain. AB - In cats air embolism of the brain was produced by injecting 0.6 ml blood foam into the innominate artery proximal to the origin of both common carotid arteries. Air embolism caused transient ischemia of the brain, reaching a maximum within 1 min after injection. Resolution of the air embolism began a few minutes later and was completed within 15 min in the center and within 30 min in the border zone of the main supplying arteries. During this phase tissue perfusion was inhomogenous with reduced flow rates in some areas and reactive hyperemia up to 300% in others. This resulted in venous hyperoxia and a decrease of arteriovenous oxygen difference to as low as 2 ml/100 ml blood. Reactive hyperemia was accompanied by brain swelling and an increase in intracranial pressure from 3.6 +/- 1.2 to 12.3 +/- 2.0 mm Hg. The reason for hyperemia was a decrease of cortical pH which fell from 7.33 +/- 0.03 to 7.03 +/- 0.05, and which caused a dilation of pial arteries up to 260%. Immediately after embolism, the EEG flattened and oxygen consumption decreased. After normalization of flow, oxygen consumption returned to normal, but EEG only partially recovered. Air embolism had little effect on the water and electrolyte content of the brain, and produced very little damage to the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 41348 TI - Suppressor cell system in immunoregulation of the local graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). PMID- 41349 TI - Tonate and Guama-group viruses isolated from mosquitoes in both a savannah and coastal area in Surinam. AB - Isolation of arboviruses was attempted from October 1972 till the end of 1973 from mosquitoes caught in both a savannah forest near Powaka and a coastal area near "Fernandesweg" in Surinam. Two types of arbovirus were isolated: eleven strains of Tonate and ten strains of Guama-group. In the savannah area ten strains of Tonate and five of Guama-group were isolated, whereas in the coastal area the numbers were one and five, respectively. All strains in the savannah area were isolated from pools of Culex portesi. In the coastal area the strains were obtained as follows: one Tonate strain from a pool of Culex taeniopus, four Guama-group strains from pools of Coquillettidia venezuelensis, and one from a pool of Culex spp. PMID- 41350 TI - Undersea biomedical research supplement: preventive aspects of submarine medicine. PMID- 41351 TI - CO2-induced kidney calcification. AB - Light microscopic examination of kidney tissue of guinea pigs exposed to 1.5% CO2, 21% O2, and balance N2 for periods as long as 42 days and of rats exposed to the same CO2 concentrations for up to 91 days showed that the incidence of focal kidney calcification increased with length of exposure. Calcification occurred primarily in the tubules of the renal cortex. Another group of guinea pigs were exposed to 1% CO2, 21% O2, and the balance N2 for periods up to six weeks and were later killed at regular intervals, together with control animals of the same litter. In the exposed animals, arterial PCO2 was elevated by 3-4 mmHg and hydrogen ions by about 4 nmol/liter. The standard bicarbonate level was lowered by 1-1.5 mmol, indicating a lack of renal reabsorption of bicarbonate (HCO3), which in turn placed greater stress on the bone buffer system and apparently caused bone calcium and phosphorus mobilization. Bone calcium and phosphorus levels exhibited a cyclic decrease, which resulted in cyclic hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, after one week and six weeks of exposure to 1% CO2. Kidney calcium content increased significantly after two weeks of exposure (27%) and remained at this elevated level during subsequent exposures between the third and sixth weeks. These findings indicate that once the kidney calcification process has started, kidney mineralization is independent of fluctuations in the blood calcium level. A rise in plasma phosphate level that occurred after one day of exposure could have been a precipitating factor in the calcification process. The small but consistent increases in ionized calcium during a 4-week exposure to 1% CO2 may have stimulated the parathyroid, causing an increased blood calcium level that was independent of the two calcium tides in the blood associated with marked bone calcium loss. PMID- 41352 TI - Preventive aspects of submarine medicine. Preface. PMID- 41353 TI - Carbon dioxide and vitamin D effects on calcium metabolism in nuclear submariners: a review. AB - Studies in nuclear submariners show that calcium excretion falls rapidly to 50% of pre-patrol levels during long patrols and remains low for many weeks after return to fresh air. This has previously been attributed to a specific effect of continuous exposure to the inevitably raised ambient CO2 levels, but other environmental factors cannot be ignored, in particular isolation from sunlight, which leads to reduced skin synthesis of vitamin D. The role of vitamin D is examined with reference to measured mean circulating blood levels of 25 hydroxyvitamin D at the beginning and end of a submarine patrol and in human exposure chamber investigations. It is concluded that although CO2 exposure has specific effects on calcium metabolism, causing a considerable reduction in urinary calcium excretion, a state of hypovitaminosis C occurs in long submarine patrols that has effects outweighing those of CO2 toward the end of patrols and afterward. The significance of this effect to submariners' health is discussed. PMID- 41354 TI - [Factor connected with tardive dyskinesia]. PMID- 41355 TI - [Polyglandular adenomatosis]. PMID- 41356 TI - [Cause of failure in the surgery of renovascular hypertension]. AB - The experience of 193 operations on 172 patients with affected renal arteries is described. The causes of failure in the surgery are analyzed. Organ-preserving operations with reconstruction of 189 renal arteries were performed on 136 patients. Primary nephrectomies were performed on 36 patients. During recent 3 years nephrectomies were made in 8% of 70 operations. Postoperative mortality was about 7%, mainly due to atherosclerotic patients. The main causes of uneffective operations are as follows: technical errors in revascularization of the kidney, pyelonephritis and neuroangiosclerosis non-diagnosed preoperatively, progressing lesions of the vessels in atherosclerosis and panarteritis. PMID- 41357 TI - The pathophysiological basis of fluid therapy in small animals. AB - The principles underlying fluid therapy and their application to some medical problems in small animals are presented. The renal mechanisms which normally regulate the volume, electrolyte concentration and pH of extracellular fluid are reviewed. The major clinical disturbances are considered together with the specific means of correcting them by fluid therapy. PMID- 41358 TI - Proceedings of the 8th Meeting of the European Poison Control Centers and the Annual Meeting of the International Association of Forensic Toxicologists July 4 7, 1978 -- Utrecht, the Netherlands. PMID- 41359 TI - [Isolation of anti-foot and mouth IgG by means of affinity chromatography]. AB - The coupling of the F. M. D. antigen with unsoluble CNBr-activated sepharose (2B or 4B) induced the production of an active agent with which the specific F. M. D. antibody of the investigated solution may covalently couple. Coupling procedures prove most effective with the use of buffer solutions of high ion strength that is necessary for the reduction of a protein-protein adsorption initiated by the polyoelectrolite nature of proteins. The produced complexes of the type CNBr activated sepharose--12C antigen--antibody after elimination of the unspecific serum proteins are dissociated up to the release of a specific IgG antibody. PMID- 41360 TI - [Dynamics of multiplication of BHK21C13 cells in a suspension]. AB - In order to master a new method for the production of a F. M. D. vaccine the authors have studied the reproduction dynamics of BHK21C13 cells in the conditions of a suspension culture. The culturing of the cells has been carried out under laboratory conditions, investigating also the concurrent changes in the pH value along with the cell dynamics. The nutrient medium used and the conditions of cultivation has made it possible to study the properties and obtain a qualitative cell suspension. The cells obtained have shown equally good growth in a monolayer medium and in a suspension, and are appropriate for the reproduction of the F. M. D. virus. PMID- 41361 TI - [The effect of beta-blockers on the neuromuscular preparation]. PMID- 41362 TI - [Characteristics of the sanitary inspection of the operation of technical life support facilities]. PMID- 41363 TI - [Breakdown of luliberin, somatostatin and substance P as an effect of hypothalamic endopeptidases]. AB - Acid and neutral proteinases were isolated with the purpose of investigating their participation in the breakdown of hypothalamic peptides and proteins. The acid proteinase was purified about 1000-fold from hypothalamus by precipitation with acetone, chromatography on SP-Sephadex G-50, gel filtration through column of G-100 and chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50. The molecular weight of the enzyme was approximately 50.000. Maximal activity against hemoglobin was obtained at pH 3,2--3,5: serum albumin was split much more slowly. Hypothalamus acid proteinase was partially inhibited by beta-phenyl pyruvate, benzothonium cloride, and was completely inhibited by low concentrations of pepstatin. This proteinase splits somatostatin, Substance P and some C-fragments of Substance P. The probable sites of enzyme action on these peptides were determined by the end group dansyl technique. Neutral proteinase was isolated from the supernatant fraction(100.000 g) of a 0,3 M sucrose homogenate of bovine hypothalamus by chromatography on DEAE Sephadex A-50, gel filtration through Sephadex G-100 and rechromatography on DEAE sephadex A-50 using luliberin as substrate. The rates of breakdown of luliberin and denaturated hemoglobin were measured by fluorometric estimation of acid-soluble peptides wieht o-phthaldialdehyde. The purifed enzyme preparations have a pH optimum of activity at 7--7,5. The enzymes molecular weight was approximatelyy 30--40.000. Enzyme activity was inhibited by L-1 tosylamide-2-phenylethylchloromethyl ketone, p-chloromercuribenzoate and divalent ions Co2+, Zn2+ and was significantly enhanced by dithiothreitol. The Km values for the reaction of hydrolysis of luliberin and hemoglobin were 1,33.10(-5) and 5,2.10(-5) M respectively. The neutral proteinase from the hypothalamus cleaves luliberin, somatostatin and Substance P. Sites of action of the enzyme upon those peptides were determined by means of the dansyl technique. The acid proteinase, most likely cathepsin D, and neutral proteinase from hypothalamus, may play an important role in the formation and breakdown of peptide hormones in the hypothalamus. PMID- 41364 TI - [Heterogeneity and regulation of glutamate dehydrogenase activity in mammalian brain and liver]. AB - The present report concerns the study of the catalytic properties and the coenzyme affinity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and its isoenzymes in various preparations of the brain and liver as well as the different regulatory mechanisms controlling the ratio of the rates of biogenesis and breakdown of glutamate (Glu). The investigations carried out showed that GDH activity of various preparations of brain and liver (crystalline enzymes, cellular extracts and mitochondria) are markedly different from each other by their catalytic and regulatory properties as well as by their coenzyme activity. The data obtained make us conclude that nicotinamide-hypoxanthine-nucleotide (deaminoNAD) is a more effective coenzyme in the oxidative deamination of Glu, than other piridine nucleotides (NAD, NADP, deamino-NADP). It is supposed that in the formation of ammonia and amino acids in brain and especially liver, together with other known mechanisms an important role may be ascribed to the process of transdeamination. In this aspect, as a co-factor of oxidative deamination of Glu deamino-NAD (D NAD) is thought to be of significant importance. PMID- 41365 TI - [Certain neurochemical aspects of the metabolism of hormones and mediators (development of a single concept]. PMID- 41366 TI - GABA and central monoamine release. PMID- 41367 TI - [Radial hemolysis reaction with arboviruses]. AB - A modification of the radial hemolysis test with arboviruses of the antigenic groups A and B was developed with Sindbis, Chikungunya, Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, West Nile, dengue 1 and 2 viruses. Goose erythrocytes were sensitized with hemagglutinating sucrose-acetone antigens of these viruses from mouse brains at pH optimal for each virus. PMID- 41368 TI - [gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase activity in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 41369 TI - [Red cell metabolism and function in shock (author's transl)]. AB - In patients with shock the metabolism and O2-function of the erythrocytes were studied following separation according to cell-age by density layer centrifugation using a new supporting medium. Metabolic acidosis in patients with postoperative shock (n=8) and in patients with shock due to severe congestive heart failure (n=12) provoked decreased levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, ADP, ATP and reduced glutathione. Raised lactate/pyruvate ratios were observed also in both groups, whereas the O2-function of the erythrocytes was markedly disturbed in all patients. Patients of both groups received glucocorticoid-infusions resulting in a significant improvement of the extent and pattern of the red cell metabolic disorder. PMID- 41370 TI - [The treatment of critical hypertension with depressan and obsidan infusions]. PMID- 41371 TI - [Pressing problems of hygienic science and hygiene practice]. PMID- 41372 TI - [34th meeting of the German Society for Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, 20-22 September 1979. Abstracts]. PMID- 41373 TI - [Correlation of parameters in cholestasis]. PMID- 41374 TI - [Proceedings of the German Society for Orthopedics and Traumatology, 65th Congress held in Munich, September 6-9, 1978]. PMID- 41376 TI - [Discussions on reports presented at the joint session of the Academy of Medical Sciences and the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR on "Health and education of preschool children" in Gorky, September 5-7, 1978]. PMID- 41375 TI - [Prostaglandins in the regulation of enzyme activity]. PMID- 41377 TI - [Management of a tooth in the fracture line of mandibular fractures]. PMID- 41379 TI - [Introduction to the 25th spring meeting in the spa of Salzuflen]. PMID- 41378 TI - Multiple forms of soluble monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine: oxygen oxidoreductase (EC 1.14.18.1) from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum). III. Influence of pH on the molecular weight distribution of enzyme activity in potato juice. AB - Gel chromatography on Sepharose and on Sephadex was used to separate the soluble phenol oxidase in various potato juices into multiple molecular forms ranging from 36,000 to 800,000 daltons. Adjustment of potato juice from physiological pH (ca. 6) to pH 4.5 or to pH 7.8 resulted in the predominance of low-mol.-wt. (less than 150,000 daltons) or high-mol.-wt. (greater than 150,000 daltons) enzyme forms, respectively. This suggests association phenomena of subunits. In potato juice of physiological pH and in potato juice adjusted to pH 4.5, all enzyme forms exhibited both monophenol and o-diphenol oxidase activities (assayed at pH 6.0). In potato juice adjusted to pH 7.8 considerable loss of monophenol oxidase activity (assayed at pH 6.0) occurred. This suggests that o-diphenol oxidase is more alkali-stable than monophenol oxidase. The significance of these findings for enzyme purifications and for the in vivo action of the enzyme is discussed. PMID- 41380 TI - [Analysis of citric acid and citrates. Citric acid and urolithiasis]. AB - In the first part the physico-chemical, analytic chemical and physiologic biochemical properties of the citric acid are discussed. In the second part the author enters the role of the citric acid in the formation of uric calculi. In the third part is reported on the individual methods of the determination of citric acid and the method practised in the author's laboratory is described. PMID- 41381 TI - [Analysis of oxalic acid and oxalates]. AB - It is reported on individual methods for the estimation of the oxalic acid in body fluids, particularly in the urine. The case in question is a survey of the oxalate estimation methods, which, however, has no pretensions to completeness. The at present most actualestimation methods are brought somewhat more in detail. The data are not sufficient for the laboratorytechnical performance of the individual methods, this would transgress the possibilities of the work. However, the original papers are cited which contain all the necessary details. Some technical difficulties and disturbances in the individual estimation methods are also entered. Despite excellent work of several teams the problems of standardization, of the absolutely reliable reference methoda as well as of an objective consideration of advantages and disadvantages of individual, often subjectively judged methods is not yet solved. Comparing these methods, one gets the impression that several reliable methods of the same value are established. It seems that this estimation method brings the greatest progress which will reliably establish so small quantities of oxalate as they are in the blood or in the liquor. By this also the oxalate clearance and the renal oxalate treatment becomes more exactly establishable than up to now. PMID- 41382 TI - Bacteriocin--Symposium. XII. International Congress of Microbiology, Munich 3-8 September 1978. PMID- 41383 TI - [On the problems of the consumption of alcohol in the brewing industry (author's transl)]. PMID- 41384 TI - Responses of the neonatal piglet bronchus to some autonomic and autacoid agents. PMID- 41385 TI - [Brain kinase phosphorylase beta activity under the effect of natural physiological stimuli and cyclic AMP]. PMID- 41386 TI - [Topography of receptor formations of the inferior portion of the Rana temporaria frog labyrinth]. PMID- 41387 TI - [Culture and morphological characteristics of Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococcus in bronchial infection]. AB - In the cultures obtained by inoculating sputum samples faken from patients with bronchial infection into solid agar medium prepared on Hottinger's hydrolysate with fresh rabbit blood added Haemophilus influenzae produced colonies varying in their from (dome-shaped, conical, trapeziform), as well as in the morphology of the organisms. Pneumococci produced mainly flat colonies surrounded by the zone of alpha hemolysis. Along-side with isolated H. influenzae and pneumococcal colonies, symbiotic colonies could be observed. In these colonies pneumococci were diffused among H. influenzae. PMID- 41388 TI - The presence of deoxyribonucleolytic activity in cytoplasmic ribosomes of rye (Secale cereale L) germs. AB - Deoxyribonucleolytic activity was found to be associated with cytoplasmic ribosomes and ribosomal subunits of rye germs. The activity has the pH optimum at 5.0. Treatment of ribosomes and 60S subunits with 0.5 M-ammonium chloride released a considerable part of deoxyribonucleolytic and ribonucleolytic activity; treatment of 40S subunits resulted in a complete release of deoxyribonucleolytic activity and partial release of ribonucleolytic activity. This suggests the presence in ribosomes of rye germs of two types of nucleolytic enzymes: an enzyme of the nuclease I type with deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease activities, and typical ribonucleases hydrolysing RNA only. PMID- 41389 TI - Belgian Society of Cardiology, Section Angiology. Symposium on Intermittent Claudication: a postgraduate course, Brussels, January 4th, 1978. PMID- 41390 TI - [Belgian Society of Cardiology. Abstracts of communications presented during the meeting of December 9, 1978 at Brussels]. PMID- 41391 TI - Foetal mitochondrial apparatus: (2) intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA/CoASH ratio and intrauterine implantation position in white rat foetuses. PMID- 41392 TI - [Use of the serum enzymes gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and pseudocholinesterase in hepatic pathology]. AB - Serum gammaglutamyl transpeptidase (gammaGT) and seudocholinesterase (CHE) were studied in 20 patients with acute viral hepatitis and 36 with alcoholic cirrhosis. All had from moderate to severe clinical evolution. gammaGT is an enzyme useful to determine, as to follow clinical-biochemical evolution of viral hepatitis specially in the colestatic form. CHE can be used as an evolution pointer of liver insufficiency specially in cirrhosis. PMID- 41394 TI - 6th International Congress of Electromyography. June 17--20, 1979, the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden. Abstracts. PMID- 41393 TI - [Interest in multifactorial prevention of coronary disease in hypertensives: use of beta blockaders]. PMID- 41395 TI - On the classification and distribution of beta-adrenoceptors. PMID- 41396 TI - Beta-adrenoceptors and the cyclic AMP system. PMID- 41397 TI - Anti-allergic properties of beta-adrenoceptor stimulants. PMID- 41398 TI - Circulatory effects of beta 2-receptor agonists in man. PMID- 41399 TI - Mucocilliary transport and its influence by beta-adrenergic drugs. PMID- 41400 TI - Characterization of adrenergic receptors, with examples from some sympathetically innervated structures. PMID- 41401 TI - Effects of beta-adrenoceptor agonists on electrical and mechanical activity of the myometrium. PMID- 41402 TI - Metabolic effects of beta-adrenoceptor agonists on mother and fetus. PMID- 41403 TI - Effects of X-rays or aseptic inflammatory reaction on the circadian rhythm of tyrosine aminotransferase in mouse liver (TAT activity of mouse liver). AB - Effects of x-rays or aseptic inflammatory reaction on the circadian rhythm of tyrosine aminotransferase in mouse liver (TAT activity of mouse liver). Acta physiol. pol., 1979, 30 (4): 479--487. The circadian rhythm of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) was investigated during 48 hours in the liver of mice subjected to: -- subcutaneous inflammatory reaction -- ionizing radiation. The cyclic changes in the circadian enzyme activity were described with a harmonic function. In relation to the control mice in the experimental mice statistically significant changes were demonstrated in the activity of tyrosine aminotransferase associated with desynchronization of the circadian TAT rhythm, particularly evident in the first hours of the first day of the experiment. The functions of enzyme activity changed in the second 24-hour period showed, both qualitatively and quantitatively, a tendency for a gradual return of normal TAT activity in the 24-hour periods. PMID- 41404 TI - Rumen motility in experimental acidosis of the rumen in sheep. AB - In rumen acidosis, induced by infusion of saccharose solution and solutions of different volatile fatty acids and lactic acid into the rumen, and during induced disturbances of acid-base equilibrium in the arterial blood the motility of the dorsal sac of the rumen, the pH of rumen content and the indices of acid-base equilibrium in the arterial blood were investigated. The pH and the indices were determined by the micromethod of Astrup with an Acid-Base-Cart ABC-1 unit. During saccharose-induced acidosis of the rumen the pH of its content was decreased and its motility was strongly inhibited. Acidification of rumen content corresponded to the dissociation constant of a given acid. The motility of the rumen was inhibited most strongly by butyric acid, followed with regard of this effect by acetic acid, propionic acid and lactic acid. It was found that hydrogen ions as well as anions and non-dissociated forms of acids produced in the rumen were responsible for inhibition of this motility and that the rise in the concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood had no inhibitory effect on the motility of the rumen. PMID- 41405 TI - Blood acid-base equilibrium in experimental acidosis of the rumen in sheep. AB - Blood acid-base equilibrium in experimental acidosis of the rumen in sheep. Acta Physiol. Pol., 1979, 30 (4): 543--551. Experimental acidosis of the rumen was induced in sheep infusing into it through a fistula a solution of saccharose and solutions of different volatile fatty acids and lactic acid. Arterial-blood acid base equilibrium indices were determined by the Astrup micromethod with an Acid Base-Cart ABC-1 unit. It was found that during saccharose-acidosis partly compensated metabolic acidosis develops and that acid-base equilibrium disturbances are caused by all volatile fatty acids and lactic acid. When they are infused in equimolar amounts into the rumen the strongest and earliest disturbances in that equilibrium are caused by acetic acid, followed by butyric, lactic and propionic acids. PMID- 41406 TI - Regional changes in monoamine synthesis in the developing rat brain during hypoxia. AB - 4, 14 and 28 days old rats were exposed to hypoxic environment of 6% O2-94% N2 for 30 min. Tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophan hydroxylase activity was studied in different brain regions (hemispheres, striatum, midbrain and brainstem in vivo by measuring the accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (Dopa) and 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) respectively, after inhibition of aromatic L-amino acid decarobyxlase with NSD 1015. Tyrosine and tryptophan levels in the different brain regions were measured simultaneously. The tyrosine and tryptophan levels in the various brain parts were generally not influenced during exposure to hypoxia. Tyrosine hydroxylase activity decreased in most areas in the 4 and 14 days old rats, and all brain areas studied in the 28 days old rats. Tryptophan hydroxylase activity decreased markedly in all brain areas at all ages studied. It is concluded that the enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase as well as tryptophan hydroxylase seem to be equally affected during hypoxia in the different brain regions studied. PMID- 41407 TI - Renal proximal tubular acidification. Role of brush-border and cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase. AB - Carbonic anhydrase is found in the cytoplasm and brush border membranes of renal proximal tubular cells. Both the soluble and the membrane-bound enzyme have been assigned roles for the secretion of hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid and hence also for the reabsorption of bicarbonate. Attempts were made to differentiate between the roles of these enzymes for the rate of proximal tubular acidification. Proximal tubules of rats were instilled and perfused with bicarbonate solutions containing carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, especially designed to be impermeable to cell membranes. The acidification rate was measured with an antimony micro-electrode system--the only instantly responding micro-pH electrode. The membrane impermeable inhibitors had no effect on this rate in contrast to acetazolamide, which markedly inhibited the acidification rate when administered intraluminally. It is therefore concluded that the cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase is the important enzyme for the proximal tubular acidification rate, and hence the rate of bicarbonate reabsorption. The function of the brush border enzyme remains an outstanding problem. PMID- 41408 TI - Renal function in hypercalcemic dogs during hydropenia and during saline infusion. AB - The effects of calcium-gluconate infusions on renal function were studied in unanesthetised dogs. Each dog was studied during hydropenia and saline infusion. Hypercalcemia, mean serum calcium 3.85 mmol/l (hydropenia) and 3.62 mmol/l (saline infusion), increased fractional excretion of sodium (CNa/CIn), calcium (CCa/CIn), and magnesium (CMg/CIn). The increase was significantly higher in saline-expanded dogs than in hydropenic dogs. Fractional excretion of potassium (CK/CIn) was increased in hydropenia but remained unchanged in saline-expanded animals. Fractional excretion of phosphate (Cp/CIn) was not consistently changed by hypercalcemia. Fractional excretion of chloride (CCl/CIn) was markedly increased in saline-expanded dogs but was not changed in hydropenia. Urine osmolality was reduced in hydropenic dogs but unchanged in saline-expanded dogs. In hydropenic as well as in saline-expanded dogs tubular reabsorption of solute free water (TcH2O/CIn) increased during the first hour of hypercalcemia. In hydropenic dogs hypercalcemia caused a slight but significant decrease in blood pH, standard bicarbonate, and base excess. In hydropenic as well as in saline expanded dogs glomerular filtration rate (CIn), renal plasma flow (CPAH), and filtration fraction were unaffected. PMID- 41409 TI - Adaptive changes in cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption during ethanol intoxication in the rat.. AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen consumption (CMRO2) were measured during acute and long-term ethanol intoxication in the rat. The purpose was to investigate whether the adaptive changes (development of tolerance) occurring in the CNS during ethanol intoxication were associated with changes in CBF and/or CMRO2. Consistent with other studies we found that acute severe ethanol intoxication (median blood alcohol concentration (BAC = 5.4 mg/ml)) caused a significant decrease in CBF and CMRO2. After 3-4 days of severe intoxication (BAC of 6.6 mg/ml) these physiological variables were less affected indicating that functional tolerance had developed: CMRO2 and CBF during acute ethanol intoxication were 9.3 ml/100 g/min and 60 ml/100 g/min respectively; after the long term intoxication period these variables reached 11.2 ml/100 g/min and 78 ml/100 g/min respectively, i.e. values not significantly lower than those of the control group. After induction of hypercapnia (PaCO2 about 80 mmHg) CBF increased by 360% in the control group; in the acutely intoxicated group CBF increased by only 127% and in the long term intoxicated group by 203% indicating that the cerebrovascular CO2-reactivity had also adapted to the ethanol intoxication. It is concluded that adaptive changes of the CNS to chronic ethanol intoxication comprise alterations in CMRO2, CBF and cerebrovascular reactivity. PMID- 41410 TI - Effect of substance P on CCK- or VIP-induced choleresis in anesthetized dogs. AB - 10 anesthetized dogs were provided with acute common bile duct fistulas and the gallbladder was excluded. Hepatic bile output and biliary content of sodium, potassium and amylase were studied. 6 caval infusions were administered of CCK, 0.3 Ivy U.kg-1.min-1, with a superimposed infusion of SP, 20 ng.kg-1.min-1. 7 caval infusions were given of VIP, 50 ng.kg-1.min-1, with a superimposed infusion of SP, 20 ng. kg-1.min-1. CCK increased bile output and biliary content of sodium, potassium and amylase by 78-110%. The corresponding increase induced by VIP was 55-85%. Biliary pH was not influenced. SP abolished the effects of both CCK and VIP. It is suggested that all peptides studied influenced canalicular bile secretion by changing the electrolyte excretion. PMID- 41411 TI - Retinal and choroidal contribution to retinal metabolism in vivo. A study in pigs. AB - The glucose metabolism of the retina was studied in vivo, by determining glucose, oxygen and lactate a-v differences for choroidal and retinal blood in pigs at different levels of intraocular pressure. At normal intraocular pressure the choroidal a-v differences were 0.07 and 0.11 mmol/l for glucose and oxygen respectively. The corresponding figures for the retina were 0.44 and 2.15. At increased levels of intraocular pressure the choroidal and retinal glucose and choroidal oxygen a-v differences increased, thus at least partly compensating for reduced blood flow. A major part of the oxygen and glucose consumed by the retina was delivered by the choroid. The total amount of oxygen extracted from choroidal and retinal blood could only account for complete oxidation of 37% of the extracted glucose. The results obtained in determinations of lactate a-v differences indicate that part of the remaining glucose is used for anaerobic glycolysis. PMID- 41412 TI - Lithium effects: relation to lithium dose and to plasma peak levels. AB - In a 24-hour study, plasma peak lithium was determined in manic-melancholic patients who routinely had their entire lithium dose at night. A correlation analysis was undertaken of the relation of plasma peak level and the dose of lithium to a number of lithium induced changes: Increase in urine volume, weight gain, decrease in plasm phosphate, increase in plasma magnesium, decrease in plasma urea, increase in plasma alkaline phosphatase, increase in urinary pH. Only the changes in plasma phosphate and in urine pH were significantly correlated to the peak value of plasma lithium. The increase in urine volume was significantly correlated to the dose of lithium. PMID- 41413 TI - Neuroleptic-potentiating effect of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine compared with haloperidol and placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial. AB - The hypothesis that schizophrenia results from overactive dopaminergic influences suggests that reducing dopamine synthesis may increase the clinical effects of dopamine receptor blocking neuroleptic drugs. The neuroleptic potentiating role of alpha-methyl-paratyrosine (AMPT), a tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor, was compared with haloperidol and placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial. Both AMPT and haloperidol increased the anti-schizophrenic effect of neuroleptic treatment in reduced dose compared with placebo (P less than 0.05), though two patients relapsed during the AMPT period. Both drugs slightly increased extrapyramidal symptoms, but the effect was greater with haloperidol. The limited antipsychotic effect and the potential for aggravating neurological symptoms suggest that the combination of AMPT and neuroleptics does not offer a superior advantage to treating schizophrenia. AMPT, however, may still be used as a research tool in elucidating pathogenetic mechanisms. PMID- 41414 TI - Neurovascular aminergic and peptidergic functions in brain and the possible pathophysiological role in cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 41415 TI - Regulation of cerebral blood flow in health and disease. PMID- 41416 TI - Autoimmune response to acetylcholine receptors in myasthenia gravis and its animal model. PMID- 41417 TI - Oscar Felsenfeld -- personal reminiscences. PMID- 41418 TI - In vivo and in vitro effect of cyclophosphamide on Borrelia duttoni. AB - Sera taken from mice given cyclophosphamide 75 min previously fails to substantially inhibit borrelial multiplication in vitro. Mice given cyclophosphamide were infected with Borrelia duttoni. Inability to demonstrate specific antibody in these mice did not prevent recovery from infection, resolution of the bacteraemia or appearance of an antigenic variant. Cyclophosphamide may delete suppressor lymphocytes allowing enhanced production of antibodies which may not only protect, but induce antigenic variation. Alternatively, recovery from infection may be unrelated to the immune response. PMID- 41419 TI - Isolation of the outer envelope, chemical components, and ultrastructure of Borrelia hermsi grown in vitro. PMID- 41420 TI - Ticks and spirochetes. AB - The concept is expressed that Borrelia developed as symbionts of ticks (especially Argasidae) but act as parasites in mammals and birds ... borrelial reservoirs and amplifiers following bites by infected ticks. Certain tick borreliae may multiply in lice but one Borrelia has evolved into a n independent species (B. recurrentis) associated only with lice and humans. Seventeen argasid tick species are known as vectors of Borrelia species and 4 ixodid tick species are known as vectors of B. theileri. PMID- 41421 TI - A method for macroscopic assessment of countries' receptivity to cholera. AB - It was shown possible to assess macroscopically countries' receptivity to cholera through the use of two commonly available socio-economic indicators. The indicators used were per capita GNP and population density per km2 of inhabitable area. These are related respectively to two major determinants of cholera receptivity: standard of living and population congestion. The global assessment of cholera receptivity indicated the seriousness of cholera as a public health problem in Africa and Asia. It also showed that cholera epidemics are a potential danger to a majority of the population of Latin America. PMID- 41422 TI - The effect of oral pancreatic extract on jejunal bactericidal activity in protein deficient vervet monkeys challenged with Vibrio cholerae. AB - Eleven vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were fed with an "O" protein diet. After the serum albumin level fell below 2.5 g/100 ml the animals and 4 controls, which received regular monkey chow, were orally infected with a monkey-adapted strain of Vibrio cholerae. The total bactericidal activity of the jejunal fluid decreased during feeding with "O" protein diet, but increased after challenge with V. cholerae in all groups. The non-immunoglobulin-bound bactericidal activity, which also decreased during protein depletion, remained less in those animals receiving placebo instead of pancreatic extract after challenge. PMID- 41423 TI - Antigenicity testing of plain and aluminium hydroxide-adsorbed whole-cell cholera vaccines. AB - The antigenicity of a plain and of an aluminium hydroxide-adsorbed whole-cell cholera vaccine was investigated by the active mouse protection test and the vibriocidal antibody production assay in mice. In the active mouse protection test, between the antigenicity of the Inaba and Ogawa component of the two vaccines was no significant difference. The antibody production test, however, revealed that the adsorbed vaccine elicited higher and longer lasting immune response than the plain one. The antibody response to a two-dose immunization schedule was substantially superior to that after a one-dose schedule. PMID- 41424 TI - Effect of intra-arterial injection of crude cholera enterotoxin on canine small bowel. AB - Injection of a crude preparation of cholera enterotoxin into the superior mesenteric artery caused isotonic fluid secretion by the canine small bowel. In dogs previously exposed to cellular antigens of Vibrio cholerae, the time course of the intestinal response to intra-arterial injection of crude enterotoxin was similar to that observed after intraluminal exterotoxin challenge. PMID- 41425 TI - Resistance of gram-negative bacteria to antibiotics in large calf agglomerations. AB - The antibiotic resistance of E. coli, Citrobacter, Enterobacter-Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from calves was tested. A high proportion of multiresistance was found even in E. coli strains isolated from newborn calves. Gram-negative bacteria isolated from animals in three large calfhouses were almost 100% resistant to ampicillin, tetracyclines and sulphonamides. Multiresistance was general and varied from 5 to 12 antibiotics among different strains. Initial high sensitivity to antibiotics which had never been used before was observed. Antibiotic resistance rapidly increased after use started. The usefulness of antibiotics in E. coli induced diarrhea is questioned and oral rehydration is appraised. PMID- 41426 TI - Regulation of Leishmania populations within the host. IV. Parasite and host cell kinetics studied by radioisotope labelling. AB - Tritiated thymidine pulse labelling followed by autoradiography has been used to analyse the kinetics of Leishmania donovani infections within the mouse host. Resistant strains of mice show much lower parasite proliferation rates than do susceptible strains. In chronic infections the rate is also reduced. Parasitised mononuclear phagocytes may undergo mitosis. No evidence for selective destruction of parasitised cells in chronic infections was found by labelling methods. It is possible to get parasite labelling in vitro immediately after biopsy to levels comparable to those seen in vivo. PMID- 41427 TI - [New aspects of the part of the vector played by Ixodes ricinus L. in Switzerland. Preliminary note (author's transl)]. AB - The authors, after having recalled their recent work on Ixodes ricinus ecology, give the new results about the part played by this species in the transmission of different infectious agents in Switzerland. I. ricinus was already known to be the most important vector of the tick borne encephalitis virus, and of protozoans of the Babesia genus. In this article, we describe the existence in the hemolymphe of different I. ricinus populations, of a rickettsia species related to the RMST group (Rocky-Mountain Spotted Fever), of a trypanosome, which is close to T. theileri, and of an infectious larval form (L3) of Dipetalonema rugosicauda. An outline is suggested with the object of illustrating the functioning of a natural foci of tick encephalitis. The biological significance of the unusual presence of trypanosomes and of larval filariae in ticks is also discussed. The authors underline the fact that rickettsia, trypanosomes and filarial forms are observed for the first time in Swiss I. ricinus. PMID- 41428 TI - Selected bibliography O. Felsenfeld. PMID- 41429 TI - Comparative study on the anticellular and antiviral effects of interferon and the haemopoietic stem cell inhibition factor. AB - Pretreatment with crude interferon preparations obtained from suspension cultures of bone marrow, spleen and thymus cells or from mouse L-cell cultures or with mouse serum interferon preparations did not change the colony-forming activity of bone marrow cells on syngeneic transplantation to lethally irradiated mice. Preparations of L-cell culture interferon, dialysed and purified by carboxymethyl Sephadex (G-25) column chromatography, showed an inhibitory effect on exogenous colony formation by bone marrow cells. The results suggested the presence in crude interferon preparations of a substance either inhibiting the anticellular effect of interferon or stimulating colony formation. The factor produced by thymus cells following their treatment with antilymphocyte serum inhibited colony formation by bone marrow cells and, unlike interferon, possessed no antiviral activity when tested in cell cultures. PMID- 41430 TI - Dissociation of tick-borne encephalitis virus by Triton X-100 and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. AB - The uses of the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 (TX-100) and the cationic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for the production of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus subunits were compared. TX-100 splitted the virus into haemagglutinating envelope components which contain the virion proteins V3 and V1 and into a lipid-free nucleoprotein composed of RNA and V2. The lipid content of the released envelope fragments decreased with increasing detergent concentration. By the use of CTAB, the viral glycoprotein V3 could be prepared in electrophoretically pure and active, i.e. haemagglutinating form. PMID- 41431 TI - Electron microscopy of Akabane virus. AB - Electron microscopy of negatively stained purified virus and of thin sections of infected cells and tissues showed Akabane virus being similar in morphology and morphogenesis to members of the family Bunyaviridae. PMID- 41432 TI - Antiviral activity of benzothiazole and benzothiazolinethione derivatives in cell cultures. AB - The virus inhibitory activity of benzothiazole, benzothiazolinethione and naphthothiazole derivatives was tested with vaccinia virus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus in the agar diffusion plaque-inhibition test. Among 58 compounds examined, 5 showed medium activity and selectivity with vaccinia virus. The highest selective effect was found with 3-(2-ethylthio-6-benzothiazolylaminomethyl)-2-benzothiazolinethione. A much lower inhibitory effect was observed with several derivatives against WEE virus. One derivative (2-mercaptobenzothiazole) showed a low inhibitory effect against NDV. PMID- 41433 TI - Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus multiplication in Vero cells by 2-deoxy D-glucose. AB - 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (DOG) effectively inhibited vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) multiplication in Vero cells when pyruvate-containing medium was used as an energy source. The effectiveness of the antimetabolite was markedly reduced by substituting glucose for pyruvate in the maintenance medium. Addition of DOG at intervals during the viral growth cycle caused a notable decrease in viral yields. This inhibiting effect was reversed by mannose and to a lesser extent by glucose. VSV-RNA synthesis was greatly reduced, thereby eventually resulting in decreased levels of virus proteins. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified VSV grown in medium containing pyruvate and DOG revealed the presence of two peaks in the region of the virus G protein. Possibly, DOG induces the synthesis of aberrant viral proteins which become incorporated into the viral membrane, resulting in noninfectious particles. PMID- 41434 TI - Sendai virus multiplication in the presence of ceruloplasmin and homologous virus envelopes. AB - Preincubation of Sendai virus with ceruloplasmin induced in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) fragments the synthesis of a population with decreased infectivity and high haemagglutinating (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) activities, whereas preincubation with solubilized virus envelopes led to the production of a viral population with the same infectivity as the control, but with lower HA and NA activities. Preincubation of the virus with a mixture of ceruloplasmin and solubilized envelopes depressed the overall virus synthesis; the resulting population had a low infectivity and high HA and NA activities. The variation in the HA/NA ratio indicates a modification in the envelope structure. PMID- 41435 TI - Analysis of herpes simplex virus isolated from patients with recurrent herpes keratitis exhibiting "treatment-resistance" to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine. AB - Four strains of herpes simplex virus (HSV) were isolated from two patients with recurrent herpes keratitis who failed to respond to 5'-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IDU) treatment. Two of the four isolates were highly resistant to IDU in cell culture and the other two isolates were more susceptible to IDU than an HSV-1 laboratory strain. From each patient, an IDU-resistant and an IDU-susceptible virus was isolated. All 4 isolates possessed the ability to induce the thymidine kinase (TK) activity in cell lines lacking that activity. All the isolates were type 1 HSV, since the filamentous structures, recognized as a biological marker of type 2 HSV, were not observed in infected cells. PMID- 41436 TI - Latent herpesvirus hominis 1 in the central nervous system of psychotic patients. AB - Cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) from 35 patients with senile or presenile dementia and from 13 patients with schizophrenia and related syndromes were examined in cell cultures with the aim to isolate Herpesvirus hominis 1 (HVH 1) or other viruses. Serum and CSF antibodies to HVH 1 and/or interferon in the patients indicated a recent HVH 1 antigenic or viral activity. In the CSF of two senile demented patients and of one patient with schizoaffective psychosis, agents of low virulence, causing a cytopathic effect in 3 or 4, but not more, subsequent passages were detected and identified as HVH 1 by immunofluorescence. A focus of cells containing HVH 1 antigen at the cell membrane and in cytoplasm was visualized by immunofluorescence in an explant from nucleus amygdalae from 1 of 6 patients with schizophrenia and related syndromes examined. In the original biopsy materials, various virus-like structures were found in nuclei and cytoplasm of astrocytes and neurocytes and in axons in the neuropil. PMID- 41437 TI - Annual examination of influenza virus infection among pigs in Miyagi prefecture, Japan: the appearance of Hsw1N1 virus. AB - Annual dissemination of swine and Hong Kong influenza viruses among hogs in Miyagi prefecture, Japan, was examined by virus recovery and serological tests. The serological examination revealed that two distinct influenza A viruses, H3N2 and Hsw1N1, had caused dual epidemic in pigs since mid-1977. Some individual sera contained antibodies against both strains. Although positive sera against Hong Kong or swine influenza viruses appeared in the serosurvey throughout the year, the positive ratios indicated a peak in the early spring of 1978. During this high prevalence period, positive sera against the H3N2 strain were found throughout the prefecture, but high incidences of Hsw1N1 virus were found only in limited areas to the north-east of Sendai City. Four strains of influenza A virus were isolated from bronchial swabs collected from hogs in April, 1978. These strains were identified as Hsw1N1 viruses and were closely related to the A/New Jersey/8/76 strain. PMID- 41438 TI - Heat-selected mutants of pigeon pox virus. AB - Two mutants of pigeon pox virus were derived from virus isolated from naturally infected pigeons. One (S 39) was obtained by cultivation of the original virus in chick embryo chorioallantoic membranes at 39 degrees C, and the second (S m) by heating the original virus at 56 degrees C for 30 min. The mutants were less pathogenic to pigeons than the original virus. The original virus and the mutant S 39, but not the mutant S m produced plaques in primary chick embryo cell cultures. Pigeons inoculated with the mutants were resistant to challenge with the field virus. PMID- 41439 TI - Clearance of antibody and complement in serum after challenge of mice previously vaccinated or infected with influenza virus. AB - Mice previously vaccinated or convalescent after infection with mouse-adapted influenza virus were challenged by various routes with live or inactivated virus. The levels of haemagglutination inhibiting and complement-fixing antibodies and complement in serum were found to decrease distinctly within several hours after challenge: the reconstitution to initial levels occurred within three days. PMID- 41440 TI - Viraemia in Clethrionomys glareolus -- a new ecological marker of tick-borne encephalitis virus. AB - Viraemia was studied in adult Clethrionomys glareolus subcutaneously infected with 12 strains of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus isolated in western and eastern foci of TBE. Nine strains caused viraemia regularly or irregularly, reaching titres higher than the threshold level of TBE virus infectivity for its vectors, ixodid ticks (2.5 -- 4.5 log LD50/0,03 ml) and three strains caused lower levels of hiraemia (0.4 -- 1.5 log LD50/0.03 ml). The ability or inability of various TBE virus strains to cause viraemia in adult C. glareolus in titres higher than the threshold level of infectivity for tick vectors was considered as an ecological marker of TBE virus. This marker was designated Cg: Cg+ and Cg- for TBE virus strains inducing respectively higher and lower levels of viraemia than the threshold of infectivity. PMID- 41441 TI - Jos virus infection in domestic animals and primates. Pathogenicity and immunological studies. AB - Three species of domestic animals (rabbits, sheep and goats) and two species of primates Erythrocebus patas monkeys and baboon (Papio anubis) were infected with Jos virus. None of the infected animals developed viraemia or overt clinical disease. Complement-fixing and neutralising antibodies were demonstrated in sera of infected animals. PMID- 41442 TI - Heterotypic interference between influenza viruses A/Aichi/2/68 and B/Massachusetts/1/71. AB - Virus particles produced by MDCK cells mixedly infected with 3 PFU/cell each of A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) (Aichi) and B/Massachusetts/1/71 (Mass) influenza viruses exclusively possessed haemagglutinin (HA) of Mass, although approximately one fifth of the mixed yield had coding potential for Aichi serotype. Synthesis of major viral proteins of Aichi was markedly suppressed by co-infecting Mass. By increasing the multiplicity of co-infecting Aichi to 30 PFU/cell, interference became reciprocal. Aichi interfered with replication of Mass more severely than Mass did with replication of Aichi. All the major viral proteins of both Aichi and Mass were expressed within the infected cells. PMID- 41443 TI - Inhibition by Coxiella burnetii of ascites tumour formation in mice. AB - Mice injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with killed purified Coxiella burnetii organisms were protected from ascites development and death caused by i.p. inoculation of sarcoma-180 cells. The extent of protection was a function of the relative dose of C. burnetii and tumour cells, and of the time of injection of C. burnetii. Phase II C. burnetii organisms exerted an antitumour protection at least as high as phase I C. burnetii organisms. PMID- 41444 TI - Effect of Ca ions on the efficiency of translation by bacteria of interferon mRNA. PMID- 41445 TI - Gas abscess transformation of a huge hypernephroma. PMID- 41446 TI - Transfer of printed images to radiographic sheet film. PMID- 41447 TI - Symposium on Research and Utilization of Educational Media for Teaching the Deaf. Educational Technology for the '80's. PMID- 41448 TI - New studies support chemical basis for schizophrenia. PMID- 41449 TI - Inefficacy of digitalis in the control of heart rate in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation: beneficial effect of an added beta adrenergic blocking agent. AB - The role of digoxin and the new beta adrenergic blocking agent, timolol, in controlling heart rate at rest and during exercise was investigated in 28 patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Digoxin failed to prevent excessively rapid heart rates during mild to moderate exercise. Increasing digoxin blood levels from a mean of 0.6 to 1.8 ng/ml had no effect on heart rate either at rest or during exercise. The addition of timolol, 20 to 30 mg/day, resulted in a satisfactory and significant attenuation of the rapid heart rates both at rest and during exercise. Heart rates at rest were 91 and 98 beats/min in the patients with low and high digoxin dosage and rose to 135 and 139 beats/min, respectively, during exercise. Timolol reduced the heart rate to 67 at rest and to 92 beats/min during exercise. The effect of beta adrenergic blockade at rest was less pronounced in patients whose initial heart rates were below 90 beats/min. Digoxin alone may not suffice to control excessive heart rate in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. The additional beta adrenergic blockade actually normalizes the heart rate response in these patients. PMID- 41450 TI - Arysulfatase A modulation with pH in multiple sulfatase deficiency disorder fibroblasts. AB - It has been observed that multiple sulfatase deficiency disorder (MSDD) fibroblasts contained from profoundly deficient to near normal amounts of arylsulfatase (ARS) A depending on the medium in which they were cultured. Our present findings show that the major factor determining the enzyme level is the pH of the medium during growth. In media which became acidic or was maintained at low pH (less than 7), the cells expressed the enzymopathy, while in high pH media (7.4), the cells produced enzyme. The high and low enzyme states were reversible. The ARS A deficiency in MSDD must, therefore, be a secondary manifestation of a mutation in another system. PMID- 41451 TI - Preparation of cardioplegic solutions. AB - The manufacturing methods and quality control procedures for two cardioplegic solutions are described. Procedures for preparing individual bottles or batches of two cardioplegic solutions (one with and one without albumin) and a carbonate bicarbonate buffer solution are described. Final buffered cardioplegic solutions with albumin are stable for seven days. Cardioplegic solutions without albumin and buffer are stable for 30 days. The chemical and physiological factors affecting the content and preparation of cardioplegic solutions used during intracardiac surgery are reviewed. Because consistency is attained more readily, and because control procedures, including quarantining, are applied more readily to batch production of cardioplegic solutions, it is advised that this method be used. PMID- 41452 TI - Electrolyte depletion following emergency stomach evacuation. PMID- 41453 TI - Selective IgA deficiency and circulating immune complexes containing bovine proteins in a child with chronic graft versus host disease. AB - We have previously shown that a selective absence of serum and secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) may lead to the development of circulating immune complexes which appear to contain bovine milk antigens. We report here that high levels of circulating immune complexes were found in the serum of a child who was treated for severe combined immunodeficiency by bone marrow transplantation but in whom the IgA-producing cells subsequently failed. As increasing amounts of complexes appeared over a two year period, the child had a parallel progression of an apparent chronic graft versus host disease including a Sjogrens syndrome and scleroderma. Very large amounts of complexes were eventually formed but the level fell 77 per cent after milk was excluded from the diet. Chemical studies on the complexes showed that the majority of complexes did contain bovine milk proteins, and fluorescence antibody staining of skin biopsy samples showed the presence of dense deposits of bovine casein in the dermis. The relationship between bovine protein-antigen antibody complexes and the chronic graft reaction remains uncertain. PMID- 41454 TI - Corrosion by external polarization of soldered orthodontic wires in cleanser solutions. PMID- 41455 TI - Choline chloride in schizophrenia. AB - The authors investigated the possibility that choline chloride might reduce schizophrenic symptoms by increasing central cholinergic activity. In a single blind crossover study, up to 20 g/day of choline chloride had no significant effect on clinical ratings of nine schizophrenic patients. However, there was some evidence that choline significantly increased symptoms of depression. PMID- 41456 TI - A method for the isolation and identification of dengue viruses, using mosquito cell cultures. AB - An improved method for the isolation and identification of dengue viruses is described. Viruses were isolated in mosquito cell cultures (C6/36 or AP-61), identified by indirect fluorescent antibody technique, and typed by complement fixation test, using the cell culture fluid as antigen. The sensitivity of this method was compared with mosquito inoculation in comparative titrations of 16 low passage dengue virus strains. Although lower virus titers were obtained by the mosquito cell culture technique, its decreased sensitivity was compensated for by the much larger volume (588X) which could be assayed. By incubating the mosquito cells at 32 degrees C, dengue viruses can be identified and typed within 6 days after inoculation. PMID- 41457 TI - Patterns of postcibal gastroesophageal reflux in symptomatic infants. AB - Symptomatic infants displayed three patterns of gastroesophageal reflux after drinking apple juice (20 ml/kg or 300 ml/m2 of body surface area). The type I pattern occurred in patients who had continuous postcibal gastroesophageal reflux, large hiatal hernias and frequently required an antireflux operation. A functional motility disorder suggesting delayed gastric emptying appeared to be important in infants with discontinuous reflux (type II pattern). These infants had frequent gastroesophageal reflux for only 2 3/4 hours postcibally, antral pylorospasm, increased low esophageal sphincter pressures, and a high incidence of pulmonary symptoms and non-specific watery diarrhea. The mixed (type III) pattern of gastroesophageal reflux occurred in a small number of infants and exhibited features of both type I and II patterns. PMID- 41458 TI - Effect of AH8165 on adrenocortical function in dogs. PMID- 41459 TI - [Effect of bismuth fluoride solution on bovine enamel surface (author's transl)]. PMID- 41460 TI - A strategy for change. Papers at a conference Jun 9-10, 1979, Albuquerque, New Mexico, by the American Nurses' Association Commission on Human Rights. PMID- 41461 TI - Beliefs and values associated with administering narcotic analgesic to terminally ill patients. PMID- 41462 TI - The fat embolism syndrome treated with oxygen, diuretics, sodium restriction and spontaneous ventilation. AB - The fat embolism syndrome is a self limiting disease with its mortality related to the degree of respiratory failure. Treatment therefore is directed at maintaining satisfactory pulmonary gas exchange throughout the course of the disease. In 28 consecutive patients diagnosed with fat embolism syndrome and severe respiratory failure, therapy consisted of oxygen, diuretics, sodium restriction and a trial of spontaneous ventilation. There was no mortality. PMID- 41463 TI - [Prevention of the pollution of the air of operating rooms by inhalational anesthetics]. PMID- 41464 TI - Blood and ruminal fluid profiles in carbohydrate-foundered cattle. AB - The relationships of acetylhistamine and histamine to the clinical signs of carbohydrate-induced acidosis were investigated in beef steers. Blood pH and plasma L-lactic acid decreased and serum sodium, serum potassium, ruminal fluid L lactic acid, ruminal fluid histamine, and ruminal fluid and blood acetylhistamine increased in carbohydrate-engorged steers as compared with the changes in the steers while feeding on pasture (forage-fed steers). Twelve to 14 hours after the steers had become engorged, clinical signs of laminitis ("feedlot founder") were observed in three of six steers. These signs appeared 4 to 6 hours after blood acetylhistamine attained maximal concentration (2.9997 +/- 1.7054 microgram of histamine base/ml of blood) and blood pH decreased to 7.260 +/- 0.026 at 8 hours after engorgement. Blood histamine value reached 0.1298 +/- 0.1095 microgram of histamine base/ml 4 hours after engorgement (8 to 10 hours before the appearance of clinical illness), but had reached maximal concentration 32 hours after engorgement (0.3300 +/- 0.028 microgram of histamine base/ml of blood). PMID- 41465 TI - Comparison of capillary ear blood and arterial blood to validate capillary sampling as an accurate assay of blood gas in swine. AB - Capillary sampling in swine can be performed as an accurate assay of arterial blood gases. Studies with swine provided results similar to, or slightly more favorable than, those reported for human beings, depending upon which cutaneous technique was used on human beings. On the basis of free flow or arterilization of the cutaneous sample and of the correlation between capillary and arterial pH, CO2 partial pressure (PCO2), and O2 partial pressure (PO2) values, the capillary sampling technique of complete incisement of a 2-mm section from the tip of the warmed porcine ear could be a substitution technique for arterial blood sampling. Free flow with this technique was maximized and high correlation coefficients (r) for pH (r = 0.96), PCO2 (r = 0.82), and PO2 (r = 0.90) capillary-arterial values (n = 37) were obtained. PMID- 41466 TI - Use of plasma arginase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase as specific indicators of heptocellular or hepatobiliary disease in the dog. PMID- 41467 TI - The effects of unanesthetized arterial puncture on PCO2 and pH. AB - Painful unanesthetized arterial puncture may produce transient hyperventilation, and this hyperventilation might alter resting values of arterial pH and PCO2. We investigated this possibility by comparing pH and PCO2 values of blood samples obtained by arterial puncture with values of arterialized venous blood obtained by a painless method. In 19 consecutive subjects, virtually no difference in pH or PCO2 resulted from an arterial puncture that could not be attributed to the inherent precision of the measuring instrument. Mean +/- SEM pH was identical (7.45 +/- 0.05) both before and during an arterial puncture, as was PCO2 (34.4 +/ 1.2 mm Hg). The variation (SD) in PCO2 within an individual subject was +/- 1.7 mm Hg, which was almost identical to the inherent precision of the Radiometer ABL 2 acid base laboratory (SD, +/- 1.32). We conclude that an unanesthetized arterial puncture provides an accurate measurement of resting pH and PCO2. PMID- 41468 TI - Bronchodilator drugs. PMID- 41469 TI - Ionized calcium levels in critically ill surgical patients. AB - Ionized calcium levels measured in 74 critically ill surgical patients averaged 1.97 +/- 0.25 mEq/l, significantly lower than the average (2.26 +/- 0.14) in 34 healthy individuals. The mortality rate increased as ionized calcium levels decreased. Of four patients with ionized calcium levels lower than 1.40 mEq/l, none survived. The average total calcium (4.0u mEq/l) in the critically ill patient was also significantly lower than in controls (4.55 +/- 0.40 mEq/l). The albumin levels were severely reduced (2.80 +/- 0.59 mg/dl) in the patients and significantly lower than in controls (5.31 +/- 0.53 g/dl). There was, however, no correlation between ionized calcium and albumin. Although measured ionized calcium levels correlated with the total calcium level (r = 0.56) and with estimated ionized calcium levels (r = 0.53), it must be emphasized that severe ionic hypocalcemia may occur despite normal total or calculated ionized calcium levels. Consequently, it is hoped that all hospitals with critically ill patients will soon have this analysis available. PMID- 41470 TI - [Kawasaki's disease. a case presentation]. AB - A case of Kawasaki's disease in a girl of 2 10/12 years of age is presented. She had a typical clinical picture, without cardiovascular afectation, and with good final results. Apparently this is the third case reported in the Spanish medical literature. Attention is called to the low incidence of MLNS in the western countries--only 50 cases reported--as compared with the great number reported from Japan. The problems of diagnosis and pathogeny are discussed, particularly their intimate relation to infantile polyarteritis nodosa, because of the similarities in the cardiovascular alterations in both processes, above all in mortal cases. PMID- 41471 TI - [Long-term clinical use of bromazepam (Ro 05 3350)]. PMID- 41472 TI - [Paris Hospitals Laryngology Society. Meeting of 18 December 1978, devoted to nasal polyposis]. PMID- 41473 TI - [Interaction of an adjuvant of plastic bottles manufacturing with neurotransmitters. Behavioural approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 41474 TI - [Thermometric assays of some phenothiazines of therapeutical interest by precipitation reaction with silicotungstic acid solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 41475 TI - Labetalol as a hypotensive agent in otological operations. AB - The usefulness of labetalol, a new combined alpha and beta adrenoceptor antagonist as a hypotensive agent in otological operations was studied in 18 otherwise healthy patients. After a single 1.0 mg/kg i.v. dose the maximum decrease in systolic (18%) and diastolic (8%) blood pressure occured between 5 to 15 minutes (mean 11 min), and the pretreatment blood pressure values were reached in 15 to 55 min (mean 26 min). Similarly, after a single 2.0 mg/kg i.v. dose the maximum blood pressure decrease (32%/20%) was observed in 5 to 40 minutes (mean 23.5 min) lasting 30 to 95 minutes (mean 60.1 min). Generally, a moderate decrease in blood pressure without a concomitant increase in heart rate or excessive hypotension was found. PMID- 41476 TI - [Penicillin biosynthesis and amino acid metabolism in Penicillium chrysogenum in experiments with washed mycelium]. AB - The study of the amino acid metabolism in Penicillium chrysogenum with the use of washed mycelium showed that the amount of the free intracellular amino acids significantly decreased during the process of penicillin production. Still, such a decrease did not cover the nitrogen requirements of the culture for the antibiotic synthesis and mobilization of the protein nitrogen took place. By the end of the process the amount of the protein nitrogen markedly decreased. At the same time alpha-amino nitrogen was absent in the fermentation broth filtrate. About 14 amino acids (including cysteine and valine) which participate in constriuction of the penicillin molecule nucleus were found in the amino acid poll. However, the amounts of cysteine and valine were not high and probably other free intracellular amino acids participated in their synthesis. It was shown that one of the limiting factors in the process of penicillin biosynthesis was synthesis of cysteine, a sulphur-containing amino acid which is one of the precursors of the antibiotic molecule nucleus. PMID- 41477 TI - [Effect of amino acids on the growth of a B. polymyza 1538 culture and the biosynthesis of polymyxin B]. AB - The effect of a number of the most important amino acids on the growth of B. polymyxa 1538 and polymyxin B biosynthesis was studied. It was found that all of the amino acids tested except D-L-threonin and L-alpha-gamma-DABA inhibited the initial growth of the organism. D-L-threonine and L-alpha-gamma-DABA had some stimulating effect on the culture growth without affecting the final accumulation of the biomass. The antibiotic synthesis proceeded more vigorously when the medium contained D-L-threonine, L-alpha-gamma-DABA, L-asparagine, L-proline, L glutamine, D-L-asparaginic acid and L-glutamic acid in the concentrations tested. Neither of the tested amino acids used alone or in combination provided the levels of polymyxin B biosynthesis observed on the media containing rich sources of organic nitrogen. PMID- 41478 TI - [Accelerated methods of determining the aminoglycoside concentrations in patient blood serum]. PMID- 41479 TI - Comparison of cefamandole nafate to cefamandole by microbiological assay. AB - Before microbiological assay, cefamandole nafate should be hydrolyzed for 1 h at 37 degrees C in pH 8 buffer (0.1 M) or for 30 min at room temperature in aqueous solutions containing 1.25 molar equivalents of sodium carbonate. PMID- 41480 TI - Partial purification and properties of an endonuclease from germinating pea seeds specific for single-stranded DNA. PMID- 41481 TI - Plant adenosine kinase: purification and some properties of the enzyme from Lupinus luteus seeds. PMID- 41482 TI - A re-examination of the reaction between ox liver glutamate dehydrogenase and 1 fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. PMID- 41483 TI - Regulatory characteristics of a fructose bisphosphatase from the blue-green bacterium Anacystis nidulans. PMID- 41484 TI - Regulation of respiration in paracoccus denitrificans: the dependence on redox state of cytochrome c and [ATP]/[ADP][Pi]. PMID- 41485 TI - Identification of enzyme coupling sites with aromatic diazonium salts-a resonance raman study. PMID- 41486 TI - Physical studies of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase: sedimentation behavior of the enzymatic reactive form. PMID- 41487 TI - Destruction of cytochrome P-450 by 2-isopropyl-4-pentenamide and methyl 2 isopropyl-4-pentenoate: mass spectrometric characterization of prosthetic heme adducts and nonparticipation of epoxide metabolites. PMID- 41488 TI - Amidino-substituted aromatic heterocycles as probes of the specificity pocket of trypsin-like proteases. PMID- 41489 TI - The kinetics of photooxidation of c-type cytochromes by Rhodospirillum rubrum reaction centers. PMID- 41490 TI - Dissolution of bilateral staghorn cystine renal calculi. AB - Bilateral staghorn renal calculi in a 7-year-old girl with cystinuria were dissolved over a period of 6 months, using a high fluid intake, urinary alkalinisation, and D-penicillamine. Even in children with extensive cystine urolithiasis, medical management may avert the need for surgery. PMID- 41491 TI - Takayasu's arteritis as a differential diagnosis of systemic juvenile chronic arthritis. AB - After a series of throat infections an 8-year-old girl presented with fever and limb pain, initially diagnosed as juvenile chronic arthritis. Persistent symptoms led to further investigations when she was shown to have an arteritis affecting her aorta. PMID- 41492 TI - Paediatric Research Society: Aberdeen, 23 and 24 March 1979. PMID- 41493 TI - [Necrotizing angiitis with hypereosinophilia. Report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 41494 TI - Effects of clonidine, guanfacine and three imidazolidine derivatives related to clonidine on blood pressure, heart rate and gastric acid secretion in the anaesthetized rat. AB - The effects of histamine, guanfacine, clonidine (2,6-dichlorophenylimino-2 imidazolidine) and the 2,6-dibromo, 2,3- and 2,5-dichloroanalogues of clonidine were assessed on blood pressure, heart rate and gastric acid secretion in the anaesthetized rat, with lumen-perfused stomach. Histamine (100 microgram/kg to 1 mg/kg) and clonidine (250 microgram/kg to 1 mg/kg) each caused acute increases in acid secretion, the magnitude and duration of which were dose-dependent: the secretory effect of clonidine was blocked by cimetidine (2 mg/kg). Histamine produced a short-lasting hypotension with no effect on heart rate, whereas clonidine produced an initial transient rise followed by a prolonged fall in blood pressure accompanied by a marked bradycardia. Guanfacine and the three clonidine analogues all produced cardiovascular effects similar to those of clonidine; however, only the 2,6-dibromo analogue increased gastric acid secretion. These results confirm previous findings using guinea-pig atria that only imidazolidine derivatives with 2,6-substitution in the phenyl ring activate histamine H2-receptors mediating gastric acid secretion in the rat; this is not so for the hypotensive and bradycardic effects of the compounds. PMID- 41495 TI - The pharmacological profile of a potential hypnotic compound RU 31158. AB - RU 31158, 6-(orthochlorophenyl)-1, 2-dihydro-2 (N-methylpiperazine-1-yl) methylene-8-nitro-IH, 4H-imidazo [1,2-a] [1,4] benzodiazepin-1-one methanesulphonate, demonstrated potent hypnotic activity compared to diazepam when examined in the mouse and rat. RU 31158 potentiated minimal hypnosis in mice induced by both hexobarbital and chlorprothixene with ED50 values of 2.15 (1.53 3.01) and 0.69 (0.46-1.02) mg/kg p.o. respectively; these compared to values for diazepam of 17.00 (11.25-25.67) and 3.60 (2.25-5.76) mg/kg p.o. RU 31158 also potentiated hexobarbital in the rat with an ED50 value of 1.2 (0.7-2.0) mg/kg p.o. as compared to 32.0 (27.5-38.5) mg/kg p.o. for diazepam. Sleep studies in the rat confirmed the hypnotic properties of RU 31158, and also showed that the duration of action at 8.0 and 16.0 mg/kg p.o. was not longer than 9 hours. RU 31158 also showed potent minor tranquilizer, anxiolytic, and anti-convulsant properties in a series of pharmacological tests. PMID- 41496 TI - Non-specific myocardial depression by beta-adrenergic receptor blockers in normal and compromised myocardium. PMID- 41497 TI - Hypotensive action of OPC-1427, a new beta-adrenergic blocking agent in rats. AB - 8-Acetonyloxy-5-[3-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-ethylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxyl]-3,4 dihydrocarbostyril (OPC-1427), is a newly synthesized cardioselective beta adrenoceptor blocking agent and we examined the effects of this compound given intraperitoneally to consious Kyoto Wistar normotensive (WKR), spontaneous hypertensive (SHR) and DOCA-NCl hypertensive (DOCA rat) rats. The results were compared to findings with propranolol and practolol. OPC-1427 produced a significant hypotensive action in SHR and DOCA rats and this effect was less in WKR. With propranolol and practolol effective hypotensive effects were seen in WKR and DOCA rats but not in the SHR. The efficacy of the hypotensive action of these agents was propranolol greater than OPC-1427 = practolol in WKR, OPC-1427 greater than practolol in SHR, and OPC-1427 greater than practolol = propranolol in DOCA rats. Thus OPC-1427 appears to be a promising beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent which exerts a hypotensive state, as demonstrated in hypertensive rats. PMID- 41498 TI - [International colloquium on the threatened myocardial infarct syndrome. Toulouse, 2 and 3 February 1979. Abstracts]. PMID- 41499 TI - [Biological determination of the beta blocking activity of human serum]. AB - A method of biological assessment of the Beta blocking activity of human serum is reported. It is based on the catecholamine response of rat myocardial cells in culture, incubated in the serum to be tested. Its advantage is that it takes into account all block-blocking substances present in the serum, not only the drug itself but also its possible active metabolites. The results obtained by this method in 10 healthy subjects after 60 mg penbutolol were compared with those given by chemical dosage and ergometry. The ergometric and biological changes were parallel from the 2nd and the 8th hour while the serum levels of the drug rapidly. This discordance could be due to the presence of an active metabolite, 4 hydroxy-penbutolol. PMID- 41500 TI - [Unstable angina with threatening coronary lesions turned down for surgery. Outcome and prognostic factors]. AB - The aim of this study based on a series of 200 patients, was to define the outcome and the prognostic factors of patients presenting with unstable angina, according to Bertolazi's criteria [3] and at least one stenosis greater than 80% on a proximal segment of a main coronary trunc, and to determine which factors should eventually be taken into consideration in the discussion of surgical indications. 70 out of 200 patients (35%) were turned down for direct revascularisation surgery because of an ejection fraction less than 0,35 and/or a poor arterial run off. Coronary arteriography showed 30% patients with a menacing stenosis (greater than 80%) on all three vessels, 36% on two vessels and 22% on a single vessel. The distribution and the extent of the lesions was about the same as in the operated patients. 20% patients had an ejection fraction less than 0,35, 24% between 0,34 and 0,50, and 56% greater than 0,50. At patient, the follow up period ranges from 22 to 66 months (average 32 months). In this group, the hospital mortality was 2,9%, the secondary cardiac deaths 16% and the global mortality 19% compared to 12,6% for the operated patients in the same period. The incidence of secondary non-fatal infarction was low (9%). 52% of survivors have persistent angina, 39% severe (Class II or III). Two prognostic factors were detected from this study: the type of angina: the intermediary syndrome had a bad prognosis, 38,5% mortality compared to 13% for aggravated chronic angina; and the ventriculography: patients with ejection fractions less than 0,35 had 64% mortality compared to 7,3% for those with ejection fractions greater than 0,40. The number of menacing lesions, the extent of the lesions of the artery involved did not affect the prognosis when severe abnormalities of left ventricular function were absent. PMID- 41501 TI - [The activity and properties of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase in various tissues (Liver, Kidneys, skeletal muscle, small intestine mucosa) in swine]. AB - The following parameters are recommended for activity determination of FDPase by release of inorganic phosphate at 37 degrees C of enzyme from liver and kidneys of swine: pH 7.5, 2 mMol concentration of fructose-1,6-diphosphate, 5 mMol concentration of Mg ions, and ten minutes of incubation. When the activity of FDPase was analysed with temperatures of 22 degrees C, and 45 degrees C, rises were recorded up to the highest temperature. ADTA was strongly activating along with 2 mMol of Mg ions in a test arrangement of 5 mMol concentration. Manganese, zinc, and cobalt ions are strong activators even in low concentrations (0.2 or 1.0 mMol), whereas copper, cadmium, and mercury ions are strong inhibitors of the enzyme. Average activities of FDPase were analysed by means of the optical test in the liver and kidneys of fetuses aged 98 days. They were 1.79 or 0.38 units in one gram of tissue. In pigs for slaughter they had been 2.06 or 3.58 units in one gram of tissue. PMID- 41502 TI - Second Swiss Drosophila workshop 1977 in Berne. PMID- 41503 TI - [Swiss Society for Genetics. Abstracts]. PMID- 41504 TI - Activation of rotavirus RNA polymerase by calcium chelation. AB - Two types of particles were isolated during purification of rotavirus. Dense (D) particles have a density of 1.38 in CsCl and exhibit spontaneously a fully active endogenous transcriptase. Light (L) particles (density of 1.36 in CsCl) need to be treated with chelating agents to show a polymerase activity. The activation process of L particles was studied under strictly controlled monovalent, divalent, and hydrogen ion concentrations. These experiments demonstrate that i) activation is not affected by the ionic strength ii) activation occurs only at a pH higher than 7.1 iii) a low concentration of chelating agent (40 muM EDTA) is sufficient to activate the enzyme. Treatment of particles with EGTA, which chelates selectively Ca2+, leads to unmasking even in the presence of magnesium, indicating that the concentration of free calcium ions plays a major role in the activation process. Various glycosidases, detergents, and chelating agents were tested in respect to unmasking properties. Of these compound only chelating agents turned out to be efficient. Following activation, two glycopeptides were solubilized. These glycopeptides have an apparent molecular weight of 34,000 and 31,000 daltons and react with concanavalin A. The role of Ca2+ upon the stability of virus particles, and the activation of the endogenous transcriptase in vitro and in the infected cells is discussed. PMID- 41505 TI - Isolation of the structural proteins of western equine encephalitis virus by isoelectric focusing. AB - Western equine encephalitis virus was disrupted with Triton X-100 and subjected to isoelectric focusing in a sucrose or urea gradient. The two envelope proteins, E1 and E2 were not well separated in a sucrose gradient, while the E1 and E2 proteins were distinguished as two major peaks which focused in a urea gradient at about pH 7.5 and 10, respectively. Isolated E1 protein refocused at pH 6.5 in a sucrose gradient isoelectric focusing column. When Western equine encephalitis virus was treated with Triton X-100 in 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH6), hemagglutinating E1 protein was solubilized, which isoelectrofocused at pH 6.5. Purified nucleocapsids focused at pH 4 in a sucrose gradient on an isoelectric focusing column. After ribonuclease treatment of the purified nucleocapsid more than 95 per cent of the viral RNA was acid-soluble, and hte nucleocapsid protein isoelectrofocused at about pH 4. PMID- 41506 TI - [Electrophysiologic aspects of the hypoxic and ischemic myocardium]. PMID- 41507 TI - The 59th Annual Meeting of the Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases, Inc, was held Dec 7-8, 1979, at the Biltmore Hotel, New York City. [abstracts]. PMID- 41508 TI - A quantitative histochemical study of the optimal incubation conditions for certain oxidative enzymes in hamster cheek pouch epithelium. PMID- 41509 TI - Terminal transferase-like activity in human melanoma cells. AB - An enzyme activity, capable of attaching deoxynucleotides to single-stranded oligonucleotide primers, has been detected in extracts from cultured melanoma cells. The substrate preferences of this activity show it to be distinct from the calf thymus terminal transferase (EC 2.7.7.31). PMID- 41510 TI - Oral pindolol in acute evolving myocardial infarction. AB - Pindolol was administered orally (5 mg 8th-hourly) to 30 patients 5--19 (mean = 9.0 hrs) hours after onset of acute myocardial infarction. There were no serious side effects during the acute phase of infarction, only one hospital death and two late deaths at follow-up 2--82 (mean = 37 wks) weeks after hospital discharge. In contrast to healthy volunteers, patients with acute infarction had unpredictable absorption of pindolol from the gastrointestinal tract; this was attributable in part to concurrent administration of narcotic analgesics. PMID- 41511 TI - Thoracic Society of Australia. Abstracts of papers presented at a meeting 14-15 May 1979. PMID- 41512 TI - The Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases annual meeting, April 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 41513 TI - Review: the significance and management of raised blood pressure in pregnancy. AB - Recent advances in the diagnosis, management and prognosis of hypertension in pregnancy are discussed, with emphasis on antihypertensive drug treatment. The use of diuretics, alpha-methyldopa, clonidine, hydrallazine, beta-adrenergic blockers, diazoxide, chlormethiazole, diazepam and heparin is given special attention. PMID- 41514 TI - 11th European Congress on ballistocardiography, noninvasive cardiography and cardiovascular dynamics, Ljubljana, March 20--22, 1978. Noninvasive access to cardiovascular dynamics: experimental and applied. PMID- 41515 TI - Solution of nutritional problems: the contribution of producers, distributors and nutritionists. Symposium organized by the Institute for Nutrition Research of the Green Meadow Foundation, Zurich, April 12--14, 1978. PMID- 41516 TI - Transport of glutamine by rat kidney brush-border membrane vesicles. AB - Transport of glutamine by brush-border vesicles prepared from the renal cortex was studied. The transport system had both Na+-dependent and Na+-independent components. The presence of Na+ in the incubation resulted in an 'overshoot' at 30s at which time the rates of transport were approx. 8 times the values obtained in the absence of Na+. Variation of the glutamine concentration showed that the system obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km and Vmax. values for the Na+ dependent system of 0.86 mM and 9.6 nmol/min per mg of protein respectively. Vesicles obtained from chronically acidotic rats showed similar kinetic characteristics. The Km and Vmax. values for the Na+-dependent system were 0.76 mM and 9.6 nmol/min per mg of protein respectively. There was increased uptake of glutamine by vesicles from acidotic rats and this increase was associated with increased activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase in these preparations. Vesicles from acidotic rats, however, showed no increase in glucose transport and no increase in the activity of maltase, another brush-border enzyme. PMID- 41517 TI - Intracellular localization of long-chain acyl-coenzyme A hydrolase and acyl-L carnitine hydrolase in brown adipose tissue from guinea pigs. AB - The activities of long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase (palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase, EC 3.1.2.2) and long-chain acyl-L-carnitine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.28) in brown adipose tissue from cold-exposed and control guinea pigs were studied. Mitochondria from cold-exposed animals hydrolysed 21 nmol of palmitoyl-CoA/min per mg of protein and 1.3 nmol of palmitoyl-L-carnitine/min per mg of protein, and the specific activities were respectively 2 and 5 times as high in cold-exposed as in control animals. The subcellular-localization studies showed that both the long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase and long-chain acyl-L-carnitine hydrolase were localized in the mitochondria. A location also in the soluble fraction cannot be excluded. The long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase activity was doubled when the mitochondria were disrupted; this indicates that the enzyme is localized in the matrix compartment. PMID- 41518 TI - Adenylate metabolism in the heart. Regulatory properties of rabbit cardiac adenylate deaminase. AB - The kinetic properties of a 300-fold purified cardiac AMP deaminase were studied and compared with those of the corresponding enzyme from skeletal muscle. The heart enzyme is activated by ATP and less efficiently by ADP, and is inhibited by Pi, phosphocreatine and GTP. ATP, even at micromolar concentrations, is able to abolish the effects of the inhibitors. The affinity of the enzyme for AMP is low in the absence of activators (Km 3.1 mM), but, in the presence of ATP, becomes as high as that of skeletal-muscle AMP deaminase (Km 0.4 mM). The maximal activation by ATP is observed at alkaline pH (pH 7.5-8.0). Under the same conditions ATP is maximally inhibitory for skeletal-muscle enzyme. These results suggest that AMP deaminase in the heart is always in the activated state, whereas in skeletal muscle the enzyme is active only during exhaustive contractions. PMID- 41519 TI - Stimulation of mitochondrial calcium ion efflux by thiol-specific reagents and by thyroxine. The relationship to adenosine diphosphate retention and to mitochondrial permeability. AB - Respiring rat heart mitochondria were loaded with Ca2+ and then treated with Ruthenium Red. The factors affecting the subsequent Ca2+-efflux were studied. Addition of rotenone or antimycin led to a decline of efflux except at pH values above 7.2, provided the load was less than about 80 nmol per mg of protein. Oligomycin reversed the effect of the respiratory inhibitors. Independently of respiration, efflux was stimulated by the uncoupler trifluoromethyltetrachlorbenzimadazole, by mersalyl and by thyroid hormones. The stimulated efflux could be diminished by ADP, with Mg2+ as cofactor if efflux was rapid. With respiration in progress, efflux could be stimulated by N ethylmaleimide and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate). The effects of mersalyl and of thyroid hormones could be diminished with dithiothreitol. In the absence of stimulating agents, the Ca2+ efflux was proportional to the load up to some critical amount, this critical amount was decreased by the agents. Thyroxine and mersalyl caused not only loss of Ca2+, but also simultaneous, but not necessarily proportional, loss of internal adenine nucleotides. Both efflux rates were kept at a low value by bongkrekic acid added before the stimulating agent. It is concluded that Ca2+ efflux is a measure of a permeability controlled by the binding of ADP (an Mg2+) to the inner membrane, and that this in turn depends on the maintenance of certain thiol gropus in a reduced form by a reaction that uses NADH and ATP and the energy-linked transhydrogenase. PMID- 41520 TI - Uptake of L-tri-iodothyronine by isolated rat liver cells. A process partially inhibited by metabolic inhibitors; attempts to distinguish between uptake and binding to intracellular proteins. AB - 1. Rat liver cells obtained by dispersion with collagenase were used to investigate the mode of entry of L-tri-iodothyronine into the cell. 2. The hormone was taken up very rapidly at 23 degrees C; the linear phase of uptake lasted for up to approx. 20 s. 3. A plot of the initial rates of uptake against different concentrations of L-tri-iodothyronine yielded a sigmoidal curve. The Eadie--Hofstee plot (v/[S]2 versus v) yielded two straight lines. The uptake component with an apparent Kt value of 86 +/- 15 pM was designated as system I, and the second uptake component with an apparent Kt of 726 +/- 11 pM as system II. The Hill plot for system I was not linear; the apparent Hill coefficient for system II was calculated to be 2.1.4. Uptake of L-tri-iodothyronine by system I was higher at pH 6.4 than at pH 7.4; system II was relatively insensitive to changes in the pH of the external medium. 5. Both systems exhibited a transition temperature at about 16 degrees C in the Arrhenius plot. The activation energies of the two systems below and above 16 degrees C were 72.8 and 47.7 and 54.4 and 33.1 J/mol respectively. 6. Inhibitors of cellular energy reduced the uptake by system I to a larger extent than that by system II. 7. Replacement of Na+ in the external medium by either K+ or choline led to uptake that followed normal Michaelis--Menten kinetics. 8. Thiol-group-blocking agents reduced the uptake of the hormone by both systems. 9. Treatment of liver cells with beta-glucosidase, Pronase and neuraminidase led to a decrease in the uptake of L-tri-iodothyronine by system I, whereas uptake by system II was decreased after treatment with phospholipase A2, beta-galactosidase. Pronase and neuraminidase. 10. The stereoisomer D-tri-iodothyronine (100--3000 pM) did not affect system I, but uptake by system II decreased with increasing concentration of D-tri iodothyronine. Reverse L-tri-iodothyronine (2--100 pM) and L-thyroxine (100--3000 pM) did not influence uptake by either system. 11. Under identical conditions of incubation, the uptake of L-tri-iodothyronine was 3.7 times higher than binding to cytosol proteins. The binding was insensitive to metabolic inhibitors. The results suggest that cytosol proteins are not directly involved in the uptake of L-tri-iodothyronine. 12. Plasma-membrane vesicles also take up the hormone rapidly at 23 degrees C. Increasing the osmolarity of the external medium led to a decrease in the uptake of L-tri-iodothyronine by vesicles. 13. Uptake as a function of L-tri-iodothyronine concentration exhibited a sigmoidal curve. The Eadie--Hofstee plot showed two uptake components with apparent Kt values of 96.8 and 1581 pM. 14. The results of our study are consistent with a carrier-mediated translocation of the hormone into the cell. PMID- 41521 TI - Comparison of superoxide with other reducing agents in the biological production of hydroxyl radicals. AB - Iron--EDTA was shown to catalyse OH. production from H2O2 and ascorbate by a mechanism largely independent of superoxide. When ascorbate and superoxide were both present, the ascorbate mechanism was more important than superoxide as a source of OH., and would appear to be more significantly biologically. PMID- 41522 TI - Cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate and phosphodiesterase activity in mitogen stimulated human lymphocytes. PMID- 41523 TI - On the properties of porcine elastase released from its complex with human alpha 1-antitrypsin by alkaline cleavage. PMID- 41524 TI - Perturbed angular correlation gamma ray (PAC) spectroscopy of 111Cd carboxypeptidase A alpha. PMID- 41525 TI - Purification of plant calmodulin by fluphenazine-Sepharose affinity chromatography. PMID- 41526 TI - A novel subunit separation procedure for cryptomonad phycoerythrin 545. PMID- 41527 TI - Reaction of phenylglyoxal with arginine. The effect of buffers and pH. PMID- 41528 TI - Biochemical and pharmacological effects in relation to the mode of action of antischistosomal drugs. PMID- 41529 TI - Effect of hydrocarbon chain length on renal transport of monosubstituted sulfamyl benzoic acid derivatives and probenecid. PMID- 41530 TI - Alpha-adrenergic receptors in the rat superior cervical ganglion. PMID- 41531 TI - 2-Chloro-11-(1-piperazinyl)dibenz[b, f] [1, 4]oxazepine (amoxapine), an antidepressant with antipsychotic properties--a possible role for 7 hydroxyamoxapine. PMID- 41532 TI - High sensitivity to androgen as a contributing factor in sex differences in the immune response. PMID- 41533 TI - [5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase from Caldariella acidophila. 1. Purification and partial characterization]. AB - 5'-Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase has been isolated from C.acidophila, a thermophilic bacterium living in acid hot springs at temperatures ranging from 63 to 89 degrees C. The enzyme has been purified to homogeneity in 32% yield. The enzyme shows a high degree of thermophilicity, its temperature optimum being 93 degrees C in the in vitro assay. The enzyme is exceptionally stable; no loss of activity was observable after exposure for 1 h at 100 degrees C. The optimum pH is about 7,2, with one-half of the maximal activity occurring at pH 6 and 9. The apparent Km for the substrates are: 8,3 x 10(-5) M for MTA and 4,3 x 10(-4) M for phosphate ions. PMID- 41534 TI - [Arylsulfatase in human gastric mucosa]. PMID- 41535 TI - [Enzymologic characterization of adenosine nucleosidase of medicinal plants (Medicago sativa)]. AB - Adenosine nucleosidase (adenosine ribohydrolase, E C 3.2.2.7) was purified from alfalfa leaf juice. The final preparation shows a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; the enzyme activity is stable for 12 hrs between pH 5.5 and pH 8.5, but is completely lost on heating at 55 degrees C for 10 min. Optimal pH for the hydrolysis of adenosine is between pH 5 and pH 6. Among nine purine nucleosides tested, only adenosine, 2'-deoxyadenosine and purine riboside were hydrolyzed by the enzyme preparation. A Km value of 7 x 10(-6) M was found with adenosine as substrate at pH 7.4. Of the two reaction products, adenine exerted a weak inhibitory effect, while D-ribose was without effect on the initial rate of adenosine hydrolysis. The data reported are compared with those obtained on the enzymes from other plant sources. PMID- 41536 TI - [Role of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in the oxidase inactivation in mixed hepatic microsomal function]. AB - When mouse liver microsomes were preincubated at 37 degrees with buffer, the monooxygenase activity was nearly constant and lipid peroxidation very low over 15 min. When preincubated with NADPH, there was an increase in lipid peroxidation accompanied by loss in enzyme activity (about 40%). The addition of EDTA 5 or 40 mM depressed lipid peroxidation and protected the monooxygenase activity with a rate increasing with concentration. The addition of FeSO4 0.5 mM had only little effect one enzyme activity whereas stimulated the response of the 2 thiobarbituric acid test. PMID- 41537 TI - Mechanisms of prolongation of pre-ejection period in patients with left ventricular disease. AB - In order to determine the mechanism underlying prolongation of the pre-ejection period in patients with left ventricular disease, 11 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy and 29 with coronary artery disease, 10 of whom were taking beta adrenergic blocking drugs, were studied non-invasively. Recordings of carotid pulse, and apex, phono-, and echocardiogram were obtained. In the absence of treatment with beta-blocking drugs, prolongation of pre-ejection period correlated closely with incoordinate left ventricular wall movement during isovolumic contraction assessed from simultaneous apex and echocardiograms. There was no correlation between pre-ejection period index (PEPI) and end-diastolic dimension and PEPI correlated poorly with fractional shortening and peak Vcf. A PEPI of greater than 140 ms was associated with incoordinate contraction in all but one case, and of less than 140 ms with normal contraction in all. Therapeutic doses of beta-blocking drugs caused prolongation of PEPI to a greater extent than would have been predicted from wall movement during isovolumic contraction. Incoordinate left ventricular contraction and a negative inotropic effect both therefore prolong PEPI, but by different mechanisms, whose effects can be separated in individual patients using non-invasive methods based on echocardiography. PMID- 41538 TI - Pharmacokinetics of closely related benzodiazepines. AB - 1 It is commonplace for drugs to vary by only minor chemical differences. This is particularly so for those seven benzodiazepines discussed in this paper which are related both as precursors and as metabolites. However, minor chemical differences may cause major differences in physicochemical and pharmacodynamic properties. 2 Although the physicochemical differences are difficult to relate to effect, the influence of structure on absorption, distribution and elimination is of considerable importance in governing duration of effect, as shown by studies in monkeys and in man. This in turn dictates the suitability of a particular drug as a day or night sedative, as an anticonvulsant, or as an anxiolytic. 3 Structure affects the relative potency of the compounds as anticonvulsants, anxiolytics or sedatives so that judicious choice of a particular compound for a particular patient and condition will lead to improved therapy. It is fallacious to consider all benzodiazepines as similar. PMID- 41539 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of temazepam in man and several animal species. AB - 1 Absorption, excretion and detoxification of temazepam were investigated in man, mouse, rat and dog. Considerable interspecies variation was apparent with respect to excretion and metabolite patterns in blood and urine. Animal species were exposed to equal or greater concentrations of all the metabolites occurring in man. 2 Pharmacokinetics of temazepam in man were investigated in a single dose study at two dose levels, and in a multiple dose study. The results of both studies were analyzed and interpreted with the help of compartmental models. Values were obtained for excretion pattern (0-infinity), half lives (1.95, 0.5, 10.0 and 1.9 h), amounts in all compartments, and for steady-state conditions. 3 The bioavailability of the hard gelatin capsule dosage form was compared with that of a suspension serving as the ideal dosage form, and found to be acceptable. PMID- 41540 TI - Bioavailability of temazepam in soft gelatin capsules. AB - 1 Healthy volunteers received single doses of temazepam 30 mg in conventional gelatin capsules, suppositories or in solution. They experienced marked sedation and sleepiness. The onset of sleepiness was prompt after the administration of the solution; this latter showed the fastest absorption and gave the highest peak plasma levels. This observation led to the development of the soft gelatin capsule. 2 To assess bioavailability of the formulation, plasma levels of temazepam were determined in healthy volunteers after single oral administration of soft and hard capsules, and after seven consecutive night-time doses of the soft capsule. Absorption from the soft gelatin capsule was faster and produced earlier and higher peak plasma levels. There were no differences in relative availability. 3 The apparent half-life of temazepam after night-time administration was shorter than after morning administration, but no change was observed between the first and seventh night-time doses. PMID- 41541 TI - Pharmacokinetics of the hypnotic benzodiazepine, temazepam. PMID- 41542 TI - Effects of temazepam, flurazepam and quinalbarbitone on sleep: psychomotor and cognitive function. AB - 1 The effect of temazepam 15 and 30 mg, flurazepam 15 and 30 mg, quinalbarbitone 100 and 200 mg and placebo were studied in 14 healthy male volunteers according to a Latin-square design. At 14-d intervals subjects received capsules 30 min before bedtime on 2 consecutive nights and were evaluated for objective sleep characteristics, for morning estimates of sleep characteristics, and for cognitive and psychomotive performance and subjective state at 3.5, 10.0 and 22.5 h after ingestion. 2 Changes in sleep induction and sleep maintenance were observed with temazepam 30 mg and flurazepam 30 mg had the greater effect on cognitive performance, whereas quinalbarbitone 20 mg had the greater effect on psychomotive performance. Subjective assessments of alertness were most affected by flurazepam, and by quinalbarbitone 200 mg. 4 The results suggest that temazepam produces less residual effects and is shorter acting than quinalbarbitone and flurazepam. PMID- 41543 TI - Hypnotic efficacy of temazepam: a long-term sleep laboratory evaluation. AB - 1 Temazepam was evaluated in a strictly defined insomniac patient population under sleep laboratory conditions. Two protocols were used: a short-term (26 night) and a long-term (54-night) protocol evaluated the efficacy of the drug administered at night at 15 mg (short-term study) and 30 mg (long-term study), respectively. 2 Temazepam seemed to be both safe and effective at doses of 15 and 30 mg with up to 5 weeks of ingestion. 3 Suppression of slow wave sleep was observed at the high dose, but no suppression of REM sleep, found in studies with other benzodiazepines, was noted. 4 No evidence was found for development of tolerance or rebound effects. PMID- 41544 TI - Double-blind evaluation of the safety and hypnotic efficacy of temazepam in insomniac outpatients. AB - 1 Efficacy of temazepam 30 mg at night as an hypnotic was compared with placebo in 55 out-patients with insomnia. The study was double blind, with two comparable groups of patients established by random allocation. Placebo and medication were taken for 4 consecutive nights and sleep questionnaires were completed the next day. 2 Patients reported that temazepam was more effective than placebo in reducing the difficulty of falling asleep and improving sleep maintenance. They also indicated that they awoke less and were less disturbed by early morning awakenings reported as a group that the average duration of sleep was increased by 1 hour. 3 The patients receiving temazepam reported being more alert in the morning and for the entire day than with placebo. PMID- 41545 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of various benzodiazepines used as hypnotics. AB - 1 In the management of insomnia with drugs, any action should be restricted to the duration of the night and residual effects should be absent during the day time. The intermittent type of drug action desired is fundamentally different from drug treatment where a constant effect is sought. 2 Duration of drug action is dependent on the kinetics of distribution and elimination of the parent drug and its effective metabolites. In addition biopharmaceutical factors, such as those which promote a rapid rate of absorption, are important. 3 These considerations serve as a guide for a review of the kinetics and metabolism of various benzodiazepines. PMID- 41546 TI - Double-blind evaluation of the efficacy and safety of temazepam in outpatients with insomnia. AB - 1 The efficacy and safety of temazepam 30 mg, compared with glutethimide 500 mg and placebo, were evaluated in double-blind conditions in a 4-day study in 75 outpatients with a history of insomnia. 2 Temazepam and glutethimide were rated by the patients as effective and significantly superior to placebo for general quality of sleep, time required to fall asleep, frequency of nocturnal and early morning awakenings, and duration of sleep. 3 Residual effects reported for temazepam and glutethimide immediately after awakening and during the day were similar to or less than those reported for placebo. PMID- 41547 TI - Assessing change in airway calibre--measurement of airway resistance. PMID- 41548 TI - The effects of repeated nocturnal doses of clobazam, dipotassium chlorazepate and placebo on subjective ratings of sleep and early morning behaviour and objective measures of arousal, psychomotor performance and anxiety. AB - 1. Repeated nocturnal doses of 30 mg clobazam and dipotassium chlorazepate 15 mg showed no significant effects compared to matching placebo on tests of psychomotor performance and serial subtraction of numbers given in the morning and afternoon of the day following treatment. 2. Both active preparations improved the perceived quality of sleep compared to placebo. 3. A reduction in rated anxiety scores was found with clobazam on the afternoon of the day following treatment together with an elevation of critical flicker fusion thresholds. 4. Dipotassium chlorazepate was found to impair performance of a low level conceptual task but not to influence performance at a more difficult level. PMID- 41549 TI - The effect of spontaneous changes in urinary pH on mexiletine plasma concentrations and excretion during chronic administration to healthy volunteers. AB - 1. The effect of spontaneous changes in urinary pH on renal excretion and plasma concentration of mexiletine has been examined during chronic administration of subtherapeutic doses of the drug to healthy volunteers. 2. Significant correlations were found between urinary pH and the plasma concentration and renal excretion of mexiletine. 3. Prediction of plasma mexiletine concentrations from our data suggests that the amount of mexiletine in plasma would increase by more than 50% following a rise in urinary pH similar to that which occurred spontaneously in our subjects. 4. Factors which influence urinary pH should be considered when the dosage of mexiletine is chosen. Extremes of urinary pH may account for some cases of inefficacy of the drug, and for the occurrence of unwanted effects at conventional doses. PMID- 41550 TI - The effects of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor blockers on the pressure responses to isometric exercise in hypertensive patients. AB - 1. The cardiovascular responses to handgrip exercise have been studied in ten patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension in a randomized crossover study of propranolol and prazosin. 2. Isometric handgrip exercise was performed with a calibrated strain gauge dynamometer at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction for 3 min. 3. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured in the supine position at rest and in the last 10 s of the exercise period. 4. These exercise studies were undertaken at the end of a run-in period and at the end of 1 month's optimal therapy with the two drugs. 5. The active treatment periods were separated by a 2 weeks placebo washout period. 6. Both drugs lowered the supine and standing systolic and diastolic pressures and there was no difference between these drugs in their effect on these variables. 7. Propranolol lowered the resting heart rate and neither drug suppressed the pressor response to isometric exercise. 8. The degree of pressure rise was similar with both drugs but propranolol suppressed isometric exercise-induced tachycardia. PMID- 41551 TI - A pharmacological method of measuring mouth caecal transit time in man. PMID- 41552 TI - Acebutolol saliva excretion. PMID- 41553 TI - Effect of cimetidine on gastric pH in women undergoing elective Caesarean section [proceedings]. PMID- 41554 TI - Pre and postsynaptic alpha-receptor agonists and the rate of release of noradrenaline in man [proceedings]. PMID- 41555 TI - Cardiovascular effects of single oral doses of the new beta-adrenoceptor blocker SL 75212 in healthy volunteers [proceedings]. PMID- 41556 TI - Blood concentrations and pharmacodynamic effects of SL 75212, a new beta adrenoceptor antagonist, after oral and intravenous administration [proceedings]. PMID- 41557 TI - The action of the new beta-adrenoceptor blocker SL 75212 on the metabolic response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in man [proceedings]. PMID- 41558 TI - The spectrofluorimetric estimation and buccal absorption of SL 75212, a novel beta-adrenoceptor antagonist [proceedings]. PMID- 41559 TI - Comparison of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties and pharmacokinetics of SL 75212 and propranolol in man [proceedings]. PMID- 41560 TI - Pharmacokinetics of the new beta-adrenoceptor blocker SL 75212 in man after repeated oral administration [proceedings]. PMID- 41561 TI - The effects of the new beta-adrenoceptor blocker SL 75212 on the cardiovascular responses to insulin induced hypoglycaemia in man [proceedings]. PMID- 41562 TI - Bronchial provocation tests. PMID- 41563 TI - Influence of biogenic amines on the growth of xenografted human colorectal carcinomas. AB - The influence of some biogenic amines and amine-receptor-blocking drugs in the growth rate of human colorectal carcinomas propagated as s.c. xenografts in immune-deprived mice was studied. In mice treated with adrenaline, a beta adrenergic agonist, the growth of xenografts was suppressed for 2 days, after which growth was resumed at a rate similar to that in control animals. Treatment with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor theophylline prolonged the adrenaline induced inhibition of growth. Treatment with the beta-adrenergic antagonist sotalol or practolol increased the rate of tumour growth. Treatment with either serotonin or the histamine H2-receptor agonist Dimiprit had no effect on tumour growth rate. However, the antiserotoninergic drug BW 501C and the histamine H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine each caused short-term suppression of tumour growth. PMID- 41564 TI - Sequential analysis of hepatic carcinogenesis: the comparative architecture of preneoplastic, malignant, prenatal, postnatal and regenerating liver. AB - The organizational pattern of hepatocytes in hyperplastic nodules, probable precursors of hepatocellular carcinoma, was examined sequentially at different stages in the carcinogenic process, and compared with the patterns in hepatocellular carcinomas, in developing liver and in regnerating liver. Scanning as well as transmission electron microscopy, and histochemistry with light microscopy were used. The hepatocytes in the hyperplastic lesions were arranged in plates 2 or more cells thick and glands, in contrast to the one-cell-thick plates of hepatocytes in normal mature liver, and showed unusualy separation from eachother, with irregularly dilated bile canaliculi. The organizational pattern found in the hyperplastic lesions shared properties with developing liver in the perinatal period, regenerating liver following the peak of cell division, and some hepatocellular carcinomas. Unlike the normal, in which there is a highly predictable time scale for change, an apparent delay or interruption of maturation may be of importance in lesions that persist and ultimately evolve into hepatocullular carcinoma. PMID- 41565 TI - Favism: erythrocyte metabolism during haemolysis and reticulocytosis. AB - The reduced activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D-glucose-6-phosphate; NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase; G6PF) in Mediterranean erythrocytes explains the precarious equilibrium of the hexose monophosphate pathway (HMP) and the susceptibility of these cells to haemolytic agents. G6PD-deficient erythrocytes, in steady-state conditions, have a low NADPH/NADP+ ratio, thus allowing the HMP to operate at its maximal intracellular rate and to compensate the intrinsic erythrocyte enzyme deficiency. Studies started soon after accidental intake of fava beans by sensitive G6PD-deficient subjects demonstrate a decrease of both NADPH/NADP+ ratio and reduced glutathione. The metabolic effects induced by fava beans may be attributed to oxidative stress probably associated with an inhibitor effect of some unknown metabolite on the HMP. The availability of erythrocytes from subjects recovering from haemolysis with high reticulocyte counts and increased G6PD activity, provides new information on the rate of synthesis as well as on the in vivo decay of the mutant enzyme. Correlation of G6PD activity to reticulocyte count and extrapolation to an ideally homogenous population of reticulocytes reveal that the mutant enzyme is synthesized at a nearly normal rate. Furthermore, the present correlation allows an estimate of the in vivo half life of Mediterranean G6PD. The rate of decline of about 8 d observed in this study well correlates to the intracellular metabolic aspects of G6PD Mediterranean erythrocytes. PMID- 41566 TI - Recommended methods for the characterization of red cell pyruvate kinase variants. International Committee for Standardization in Haematology. PMID- 41567 TI - Intrapartum fetal monitoring practice in the United Kingdom. PMID- 41568 TI - Response of lipogenic enzymes and plasma lipids to starvation and refeeding in the adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). PMID- 41569 TI - Solubilization and reconstitution of the catecholamine transporter from bovine chromaffin granules. AB - The catecholamine transporter from bovine chromaffin granules has been solubilized by using low concentrations of sodium cholate in the presence of phospholipids. The functional solubilized protein has been incorporated into liposomes after removal of the detergent either by gel filtration or by dialysis. Reserpine-sensitive accumulation against a concentration gradient is achieved by artifically imposing a pH gradient across the membrane. In the reconstituted system adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) serves as an energy source only at higher detergent concentrations. The proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) is solubilized in parallel with the increasing efficiency of ATP as an energy source. Several criteria are proposed to distinguish between carrier mediated (reserpine sensitive) and unmediated transport in the reconstituted system. The reserpine-sensitive process shows affinity and ss presented in this communication provide further support for the contention that concentrative uptake in biogenic amine storage vesicles is driven by a transmembrane pH gradient, which, in the native system, is generated by a proton-translocating ATPase. Moreover, the assays described provide a tool for the isolation and purification of the transport protein. PMID- 41570 TI - Inactivation of myosin subfragment one by cobalt(II)/cobalt(III) phenanthroline complexes. I. Incorporation of Co(III) by in situ oxidation of Co(II). PMID- 41571 TI - Development of a method for the incorporation of substitution-inert metal ions into proteins. Site-specific modification of arsanilazotyrosine-248 carboxypeptidase A with cobalt(III). AB - This investigation demonstrates the use of substitution-inert metal ions as site specific amino acid modifying reagents. The approach involves the production of a chelating agent at the site of interest with the subsequent in situ oxidation of substitution-labile cobalt(II) to exchange-inert cobalt(III) with H2O2. We have produced the chelate complex ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetato(arsanilazotyrosinato 248 carboxypeptidase A)cobalt(III) [CoIII(EDDA)(AA-CPA-Zn)]. Model CoIII(EDDA)(azophenolate) complexes have helped to define the reaction conditions necessary to produce the enzyme derivative and have proved invaluable in the spectral analysis of the cobalt(III)-enzyme complex. The modified enzyme contains one active-site zinc and one externally bound cobalt per enzyme monometer. Circular dichroism and visible spectra of the derivative and apoenzyme substantiate the site-specific nature of the incorporation. Concimitant with CoIIIEDDA incorporation, the enzyme loses its peptidase activity yet maintains with FeIIEDTA returns the original properties of the arsanilazotyrosine-248 enzyme. PMID- 41572 TI - Internal microviscosity of red blood cells and hemoglobin-free resealed ghosts: a spin-label study. PMID- 41573 TI - The respiratory chain of Paramecium tetraurelia in wild type and the mutant Cl1. II. Cyanide-insensitive respiration. Function and regulation. AB - 1. The cyanide-insensitive respiration in Paramecium tetraurelia was found to be located in mitochondria. 2. Sensitivity of the mitochondrial respiration to cyanide depended on growth conditions. Under standard conditions of growth, 15- 20% of respiration was insensitive to 1 mM cyanide. Full resistance to 1 mM cyanide was observed by growing cells in the presence of erythromycin (100--400 microgram/ml) 0.2 mM cyanide. The mitochondrial respiration of the mutant Cl1 harvested during the exponential phase of growth was largely insensitive to cyanide (more than 80%). 3. Pyruvate was oxidized at the same rate by wild type mitochondria and mitochondria of the mutant Cl1. In contrast, succinate oxidation was 2--3 times faster in mitochondria of the mutant Cl1 than in wild type mitochondria. 4. The cyanide-insensitive respiration was inhibited by 1 mM salicylhydroxamic acid to nearly 100%. Other efficient respiratory inhibitors included amytal and heptylhydroxyquinoline. Antimycin was not inhibitory even at concentrations as high as 5 microgram/mg protein, a finding consistent with the lack of antimycin binding sites. PMID- 41574 TI - Electron acceptors of bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers. II. H+ binding coupled to secondary electron transfer in the quinone acceptor complex. AB - The photoreduction of ubiquinone in the electron acceptor complex (QIQII) of photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides, R26, was studied in a series of short, saturating flashes. The specific involvement of H+ in the reduction was revealed by the pH dependence of the electron transfer events and by net H+ binding during the formation of ubiquinol, which requires two turnovers of the photochemical act. On the first flash QII receives an electron via QI to form a stable ubisemiquinone anion (QII-); the second flash generates QI-. At low pH the two semiquinones rapidly disproportionate with the uptake of 2 H+, to produce QIIH2. This yields out-of-phase binary oscillations for the formation of anionic semiquinone and for H+ uptake. Above pH 6 there is a progressive increase in H+ binding on the first flash and an equivalent decrease in binding on the second flash until, at about pH 9.5, the extent of H+ binding is the same on all flashes. The semiquinone oscillations, however, are undiminished up to pH 9. It is suggested that a non-chromophoric, acid-base group undergoes a pK shift in response to the appearance of the anionic semiquinone and that this group is the site of protonation on the first flash. The acid-base group, which may be in the reaction center protein, appears to be subsequently involved in the protonation events leading to fully reduced ubiquinol. The other proton in the two electron reduction of ubiquinone is always taken up on the second flash and is bound directly to QII-. At pH values above 8.0, it is rate limiting for the disproportionation and the kinetics, which are diffusion controlled, are properly responsive to the prevailing pH. Below pH 8, however, a further step in the reaction mechanism was shown to be rate limiting for both H+ binding electron transfer following the second flash. PMID- 41575 TI - Blue and red shifts of bacteriochlorophyll absorption band around 880 nm in Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - The redox potential dependence of the light-induced absorption changes of bacteriochlorophyll in chromatophores and subchromatophore pigment-protein complexes from Rhodospirillum rubrum has been examined. The highest values of the absorption changes due to the bleaching of P-870 and the blue shift of P-800 in chromatophores and subchromatophore complexes are observed in the 360-410mV redox potential range. At potentials below 300 mV (pH 7.0), the 880 nm band of bacteriochlorophyll shifts to shorter wavelengths in subchromatophore complexes and to longer wavelengths in chromatophores. The data on redox titration show that the red and blue shifts of 880-nm bacteriochlorophyll band represent the action of a non-identified component (C340) which has an oxidation-reduction midpoint potential close to 340 mV (n=1) at pH 6.0--7.6. The Em of this component varies by 60 mV/pH unit between pH 7.6 and 9.2. The results suggest that the red shift is due to the transmembrane, and the blue shift to the local intramembrane electrical field. The generation of both the transmembrane and local electrical fields is apparently governed by redox transitions of the component C340. PMID- 41576 TI - Surface potential and reaction of membrane-bound electron transfer components. I. Reaction of P-700 in sonicated chloroplasts with redox reagents. AB - Salt- or pH-induced change of the rate of reduction of the photoxidized membrane bound electron transfer components, P-700, by ionic and nonionic reductants added in the outer medium was studied in sonicated chloroplasts. The rate with the negatively charged reductants increased with the increase of salt concentration at a neutral pH or with the decrease of medium pH. Salts of divalent cations were much more effective than those of monovalent cations. A trivalent cation was even more effective. The rate with a nonionic reductant was little affected by salts. The change of the reduction rate was analysed using the Guoy-Chapman theory, which explains the change of reduction rate by the changes of activities of ionic reductants at the charged membrane surface where the reaction takes place. This analysis gave more useful parameters and explained more satisfactorily the case with high-valence cation salts than the Bronsted type analysis. The values for the surface charge density and the surface potential of the membrane surface in the vicinity of P-700 estimated from the analysis were lower than those estimated for the surface in the vicinity of Photosystem II primary acceptor, suggesting the heterogeneity of the thylakoid surface. The salt-induced surface potential change was shown to affect the activation energy of the reaction between P-700 and the ionic reagent. PMID- 41578 TI - Studies on purine transport and on purine content in vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The transport of purine derivatives into vacuoles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. Vacuoles which conserved their ability to take up purine compounds were prepared by a modification of the method of polybase-induced lysis of spheroplasts. Guanosine greater than inosine = hypoxanthine greater than adenosine were taken up with decreasing initial velocities, respectively; adenine was not transported. Guanosine and adenosine transporting systems were saturable, with apparent Km values 0.63 mM and 0.15 mM respectively, while uptake rates of inosine and of hypoxanthine were linear functions of their concentrations. Adenosine transport in vacuoles appeared strongly dependent on the growth phase of the cell culture. The system transporting adenosine was further characterized by its pH dependency optimum of 7.1 and its sensitivity to inhibition by S adenosyl-L-methionine. In the absence of adenosine in the external medium, [14C]adenosine did not flow out from preloaded vacuoles. However, in the presence of external adenosine, a very rapid efflux of radioactivity was observed, indicating an exchange mechanism for the observed adenosine transport in the vacuoles. In isolated vacuoles the only purine derivative accumulated was found to be S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. PMID- 41577 TI - The effect of pH on the oxygen kinetics of cytochrome c oxidase proteoliposomes. AB - The effect of pH on the oxygen kinetics of cytochrome c oxidase incorporated into phospholipid vesicles is studied. The pH profiles of the oxygen kinetics of energized and deenergized oxidase vesicles are similar. An effect of pH on the slope of the reciprocal plot of rate against oxygen concentration is observed, and this may indicate that protons are involved in the rate limiting step of the reaction between oxygen and reduced oxidase. In contrast to the pH dependence of the oxygen kinetics, the binding of CO to the oxidase is not pH dependent. PMID- 41579 TI - A ribonuclease from yeast associated with the 40 S ribosomal subunit. AB - 1. Autodegradation of yeast ribosomes is due to a 'latent' ribonuclease which is associated with the 40 S ribosomal subunit. 2. The ribonuclease was extracted in the presence of EDTA from ribosomes and purified 118-rold by protamine sulphate precipitation, (NH4)2SO4 fractionation and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. 3. The optimum pH for this enzyme is 5 to 6.5 while the optimum temperature is 45 to 50 degrees C. Incubation for 10 min at 60 degrees C caused a reduction in enzyme activity of 70%. 4. The ribonuclease has an endonucleolytic activity against rRNA, tRNA, poly(A), poly(U) and poly(C) but does not degrade poly(G) or DNA. It hydrolyzes the homopolymers to nucleoside 3'-phosphates. 5. Zn2+, Mn2+, heparin, glutathione and p-chloromercuribenzoate inhibit the ribonuclease, while Na+, K+, EDTA and sermidine have only little or no effect. 6. It binds tightly to yeast ribosomes but only loosely to ribonuclease-free wheat germ ribosomes. 7. Polyribosomes possess less autodegradation activity than monoribosomes, isolated from the same homogenate. PMID- 41580 TI - Properties of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in normal and goitrous rat thyroid gland. AB - Most of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity in propylthiouracil induced goiters and control rat thyroid glands was found in the soluble fraction. The activity in the particulate fractions was cyclic AMP-independent. Protein kinase activity was 2--3-fold higher in all the subcellular fractions of goitrous tissue than of control tissue. In the presence of Triton X-100, both groups showed a significant increase in kinase activity in all subcellular fractions, and the kinase activity in the particulate fractions could now be slightly stimulated by cyclic AMP. Again, enzyme activity in fractions from goiters was significantly higher than in control tissue. Two major peaks, Types I and II, of soluble cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity could be separated by DEAE cellulose chromatography. Chronic in vivo stimulation by TSH was associated with a selective increase in Type II isoenzyme activity. Elution and pH profiles, dissociation of subunits with 0.5 M NaCl, and activity ratios (-cyclic AMP/+cyclic AMP) for various substrates for Type II isoenzyme in goitrous and control tissue were similar. The elevated activity in goitrous tissue was manifested by an increase in V for histone, ATP, Mg2+ and cyclic AMP, with no change in the apparent Km. PMID- 41581 TI - 1,3-beta-D-glucanases from Pisum sativum seedlings. I. Isolation and purification. AB - Two buffer-soluble endo-1,3-beta-D-glucanases (EC 3.2.1.6) have been purified to within 1% of electrophoretic homogeneity from etiolated Pisum sativum stem tissues. Purified glucanase I and II differ in physical properties, such as electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels (Mr values were 22 000 and 37 000, respectively) and isoelectric focusing, (pI values were 5.4 and 6.8, respectively). Although the enzymes have similar pH optima (5.5- 6.0), Km values for various substrates (0.6--7.4 mg/ml) and thermal inactivation profiles, they are localized in different tissues and they differ markedly in the rates with which they attack the internal linkages of long- vs. short-chain substrates. Glucanase I is concentrated in apical regions of the stem and is most effectively assayed reductometrically (as laminarinase), while glucanase II is localized in mature regions and is relatively more active in viscometric assays (as carboxymethyl-pachymanase). PMID- 41582 TI - Alpha and beta-fibrinogenases from Trimeresurus gramineus snake venom. AB - By means of DEAE-Sephadex A-50 Column chromatography, Trimeresurus gramineus venom was separated into twelve fractions. The fibrinogenolytic activities were distributed in Fractions 1 and 10. These enzymes were further purified by gel filtration and were homogeneous as judged by cellulose acetate membrane, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugal analysis. Both of them were single peptide chains. The sedimentation constants of alpha- (Fraction 1) and beta-fibrinogenases (Fraction 10) were 2.20 and 3.60, respectively. The molecular weights of alpha- and beta-fibrinogenases were 23 500 and 25 000 respectively. The contents of proline and glycine were higher in beta fibrinogenase than in alpha-fibrinogenase. The isoelectric points of alpha fibrinogenase and beta-fibrinogenase were pH greater than 10 and 4.5, respectively. The optimal pH of alpha-fibrinogenase was approx. 7.4 and that of beta-fibrinogenase was approx. 9.0. The activity of alpha-fibrinogenase was completely destroyed after 30 min at 60 degrees C, pH 5.4, 7.4 and 9.0, while that of beta-fibrinogenase was much less affected by the same treatment. The specific fibrinogenolytic activity alpha-fibrinogenase was 31 mg fibrinogen/min per mg protein, while that of beta-fibrinogenase was 9 mg fibrinogen/min per mg protein. alpha-Fibrinogenase cleaved specifically the alpha(A) chain of monomeric fibrinogen without cleaving the beta(B) chain and gamma-chain. beta-fibrinogenase preferentially cleaved the beta(B) chain, and the alpha(A) chain was also partially cleaved by beta-fibrinogenase, if the incubation time was prolonged. Both enzymes showed proteolytic activities toward fibrinogen, fibrin and casein, but were devoid of phospholipase A, alkaline phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase activities found in the crude venom. The tosyl-L-arginine methylester esterase activity of beta-fibrinogenase was about 14 times that of crude venom, while alpha-fibrinogenase was completely devoid of this activity. The fibrinogenolytic activity of alpha-fibrinogenase was markedly inhibited by EDTA and cysteine, while that of beta-fibrinogenase was inhibited markedly by phenylmethanesulfonylfluoride. alpha- and beta-fibrinogenases exert their fibrinogenolytic activity by a direct action on fibrinogen or fibrin without activation of plasminogen. PMID- 41583 TI - Electric field effects on immobilized urease activity. AB - The behavior of an enzyme/membrane system containing urease is studied when an external electric field is applied. The device using a potential difference across the enzyme/membrane system is first described. Optimal operating conditions with respect to substrate concentration, ionic strength and pH are studied. Possible mechanisms of the change in membrane activity by electric field are discussed. PMID- 41584 TI - Purification of an alkaline nuclease from Physarum polycephalum. AB - An alkaline nuclease was purified from microplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum. The nuclease, active on denatured DNA and RNA and free of contamination by other nucleolytic activities, appeared to be a zinc-metallo protein. The enzyme was only active under conditions, where Zn2+ were retained in the enzyme. Loss of zinc occurred by the chelating action of EDTA, EGTA or ampholines, by acid of highly alkaline pH conditions or by high ionic strength. The addition of ZnCl2 to compensate losses, restored all activity, while all other divalent cations caused inhibition. The nuclease, with a molecular weight of 32 000, was stable at neutral pH at high temperatures with a half-life of 20 min at 80 degrees C. It was inhibited by any salt of buffer concentration above the level of zero ionic strength and showed a special sensitivity towards phosphate ions. The possible similarity of this enzyme to nuclease S1 from Aspergillus oryzae is pointed out. PMID- 41585 TI - Immunochemical aspects, molecular and kinetic properties of multiple forms of acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase from rat liver mitochondria. AB - Acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) from rat liver mitochondria, which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of ketone bodies, exists in two forms, designated transferase A and transferase B. Both transferases showed immunochemical cross-reactivity, but are immunologically unrelated to cytosolic acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase activity and the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acyltransferase from rat liver. The transferases A and B were estimated to have molecular weights of 151 000 in the absence and 40 000 in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. They differ with respect to charge states and multiplicity of forms as indicated by isoelectric focusing. Transferase A appeared in two forms with isoelectric points of 8.4 and 9.1, whereas transferase B represents a stable protein state with an isoelectric point of 9.0. Kinetic analysis of the reactions leading to acetoacetyl-CoA synthesis revealed saturation curves with multiple intermediary plateaus, indicating a complex kinetic behaviour. The data presented are interpreted as representing a microheterogeneity of forms of the mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase. The kinetic properties exhibited suggest a role for this microheterogeneity in the regulation of ketogenesis. PMID- 41586 TI - Monoacylglycerol hydrolase in human platelets. AB - In the present paper we show for the first time monoacylglycerol hydrolase in human platelets. No monoacylglycerol hydrolase activity could be demonstrated in the other blood cells. The monoacylglycerol hydrolase of platelets could not be released from the cells by heparin, thus the enzyme is distinct from the postheparin plasma lipases. The enzyme could be solubilized by a non-ionic detergent, Triton X-100. The solubilized monoacylglycerol hydrolase from platelets was optimally active at pH between 7 and 8 and at ionic strength corresponding to [NaCl] between 0.1 and 0.3 M. The optimal assay temperature was 37 degrees C. The enzyme activity was sensitive to HgCl2 but not to NaF. Accordingly, it was stabilized by 2-mercaptoethanol. PMID- 41587 TI - Characterization of the forward and reverse reactions catalyzed by CDP diacylglycerol:inositol transferase in rabbit lung tissue. AB - CDPdiacylglycerol:inositol transferase activity in rabbit lung tissue has been characterized and the optimum conditions for assaying this enzyme in vitro were determined. Rabbit lung tissue CDPdiacylglycerol:inositol transferase activity was found primarily in the microsomal fraction. The pH optimum of the enzyme activity was between 8.8 and 9.4, and the reaction was dependent on either Mn2+ or Mg2+. Detergents and Ca2+ inhibited the activity of the enzyme. The apparent Km values of the enzyme for CDPdioleoylglycerol and myoinositol were 0.18 mM and 0.10 mM, respectively. The reversibility of the reaction catalyzed by CDPdiacylglycerol:inositol transferase in microsomes prepared from rabbit lung tissue was demonstrated by the synthesis of [3H]CMPdiacylglycerol when [3H]CMP and phosphatidylinositol were present in the incubation mixture. The reverse reaction was characterized and its importance in the regulation of the acidic phospholipid composition of surfactant during lung development is discussed. The pH optimum for the reverse reaction was 6.2, and the reverse reaction was also dependent on Mn2+ or Mg2+. The apparent Km value of CDPdiacylglycerol:inositol transferase for CMP was found to be 2.8 mM. PMID- 41588 TI - Distinct effects of three bile salts on cholesterol solubilization by oleate monoolein-bile salt micelles. AB - Micellar cholesterol solubilities in bile salt-monoolein-oleic acid systems have been determined. Whatever the bile salt/oleyl compounds ratio, taurochenodeoxycholate solubilizes more cholesterol than taurocholate and much more than tauroursodeoxycholate. At pH 6.7, the cholesterol solubility limit is about the same with either oleate or monoolein. Cholesterol solubility falls in oleate-bile acid mixtures as the pH is raised. The capacity for supersaturation with cholesterol is greater for bile salt-monoolein than for bile salt-oleate micelles. For the latter it decreases as pH increases. PMID- 41589 TI - Skeletal keratan sulfate from different tissues. Characterization and alkaline degradation. AB - Keratan sulfate-rich peptides were isolated after digestion of proteoglycans from bovine nasal cartilage and bovine nucleus pulposus with chondroitinase ABC, trypsin and chymotrypsin. The keratan sulfate enriched peptides from nucleus pulposus were larger than those from nasal cartilage. Keratan sulfate chains were isolated after treatment of the keratan sulfate-rich peptides under alkaline, reductive conditions. Proteoglycans from nucleus pulposus contain longer keratan sulfate chains, as is shown primarily by gel chromatography of the keratan sulfate-rich peptides and the keratan sulfate chains, but also from end-group analyses of the keratan sulfate chains. PMID- 41590 TI - Stoichiometry of the reaction of oxyhemoglobin with nitrite. AB - During the reaction of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) with nitrite, the concentration of residual nitrite, nitrate, oxygen, and methemoglobin (Hb+) was determined successively. The results obtained at various pH values indicate the following stoichiometry for the overall reaction: 4HbO2 + 4NO2- 4H+ leads to 4Hb+ + 4NO3- + O2 + 2H2 O (Hb denotes hemoglobin monomer). NO2- binds with methemoglobin noncooperatively with a binding constant of 340 M-1 at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C. Thus, the major part of Hb+ produced is aquomethemoglobin, not methemoglobin nitrite, when less than 2 equivalents of nitrite is used for the oxidation. PMID- 41591 TI - Co-binding studies on Hb M Iwate. Allostery of a T state haemoglobin. AB - The mutant haemoglobin Hb M Iwate alpha 2Mmet87His leads to Tyr beta 2, is characterized by a stable T structure and a low ligand affinity. Sigmoidal CO binding isotherms of symmetrical shape with Hill coefficients of n = 1.4 at pH 6 to n = 1.9 at pH 10 and the differences in the mean affinity (PCO(1/2)) and the affinity of the first ligand-binding beta subunit (1/L1 greater than Pco(1/2)) are the evidence for the cooperativity. The comparison of the Bohr effects of the two valency hybrid states (alpha 2Mmet beta met beta deoxy alpha 2Mmet beta 2deoxy) in the absence of and in the presence of polyphosphates leads to an indirect proof of pH-dependent subunit-subunit interaction. Inositol hexaphosphate-binding suppresses cooperativity in the pH range 5.5-8 (n = 1). Above pH 8 hte cooperativity increases to a final value of n = 1.9 at pH greater than 10, which is identical to that of stripped Hb M Iwate. The CO binding to the first binding site exhibits a Bohr effect. Polyphosphate anions have no influence on the CO binding of the first binding site. The heterotropic effects are discussed as intrachain effects (Bohr effect of the first binding site) and interchain effects (Bohr effect of Pco(1/2); influence of polyphosphates). PMID- 41592 TI - Carp hemoglobin. V. Effects of pH and P6-inositol on autooxidation. AB - Autooxidation of carp hemoglobin has been measured from 4--25 degrees C with and without P6-inositol. The rate was accelerated by the increase of proton concentration and/or the addition of P6-inositol. As the rate increases the kinetics become more complex. In acidic media with P6-inositol, the autooxidation is initially rapid which becomes slower subsequently but eventually proceeds very fast. The activation energy for autooxidation is about 19 kcal. mol-1. The complicated kinetics are partly attributable to the fact that carp hemoglobin is incompletely oxygenated under these conditions and that various liganded molecules including partially oxidized species have different susceptibilities toward autooxidation. PMID- 41593 TI - Characterization of rat testicular guanylate cyclase during development. AB - The biochemical characteristics of rat testicular guanylate cyclase were investigated and the activity and subcellular distribution of the enzyme was determined during testicular development. Examination of the effects of metal ions, nucleotides, detergents and other in vitro activators on the activity of guanylate cyclase revealed that the testicular enzyme is similar in most respects to guanylate cyclase isolated from other mammalian tissues. Changes in the total activity of guanylate cyclase during testicular development paralleled changes in the tissue concentration of cyclic GMP; i.e. guanylate cyclase activity and tissue cyclic GMP were highest during the early stages of development. Subcellular fractionation revealed that the activity of the soluble form of guanylate cyclase was best correlated with tissue cyclic GMP. Biochemical analysis of the soluble enzyme prepared from testes of neonatal and adult rats did not reveal any significant differences in the characteristics of the enzyme during ontogeny with the exception of a 2.5 fold increase in V noted in the neonatal testis. The results of this study are consistent with a molecular mechanism that allows independent regulation of the different forms of guanylate cyclase. PMID- 41594 TI - Studies on the mobilization of iron from ferritin by isolated rat liver mitochondria. AB - Rat liver mitochondria and rat liver mitoplasts mobilize iron from ferritin by a mechanism which depends on a respiratory substrate (preferentially succinate), a small molecular weight electron mediator (FMN, phenazine methosulphate or methylene blue) and (near) anaerobic conditions. The release process under optimized conditions (approx. 50 mumol/1 FMN, 1 mmol/l succinate, 0.35 mmol/1 Fe(III) (as ferritin iron), 37 degrees C and pH 7.40) amounts to 0.9--1.2 nmol iron/mg protein per min. The results suggest that ferritin might function as an intermediate in the cytosolic transport of iron to the mitochondria. PMID- 41595 TI - [Modelling the effect of photosynthetic enhancement and chromatic transitions]. AB - A simple method is proposed and analysed which explains characteristic manifestation of the enchancement effect (2nd Emerson effect) and of chromatic transients effect (Blinks effect). The model is based on the hypothesis concerning the ATP/NADP concentrations ratio with a change of falling light wavelength. The model is suggested to reflect the behaviour of the reduction pentosophosphate cycle (Calvin cycle) under low illumination intensity, when the photosynthesis rate is determined only by ATP and NADP.H concentrations formed in the course of different photochemical reactions. PMID- 41596 TI - [Effect of light intensity and penetrating ions on the efficiency of photophosphorylation in chloroplasts during flash illumination]. PMID- 41597 TI - [Mitochondrial transhydrogenase: general principles of functioning]. AB - A new mechanism for the functioning of mitochondrial transhydrogenase has been proposed. This mechanism makes it possible, without additional postulates, to explain the generation of delta muH+ of different signs in the forward and reverse transhydrogenase reactions and why this generation is not accompanied by the membrane uncoupling. It is suggested that the reduced nicotinamide rings of NADH and NADPH participate in a relay transfer of H+ ions across the membrane, while the oxidized nicotinamide rings of NAD+ and NADP+ block the H+-transporting paths in the transhydrogenase. PMID- 41598 TI - [Comparative study of effects of the tyrosine-copper(II) complex on xenobiotic hydroxylation and lipid peroxidation]. AB - It has been found that NADPH-dependent hydroxylation of dimethylaniline, aniline, p- and o-nitroanisol and lipid peroxidation is inhibited by the tyrosine-copper (II) complex (low molecular weight analog of superoxide dismutase), which is indicative of a possibility of superoxide radicals formation in these reactions. The inhibition of the above-mentioned reactions with Tyr2-Cu2+ is less pronounced or absent, if cumole hydroperoxide is used as cosubstrate instead of NADPH. Differences in the Tyr2-Cu2+ complex effects on the cumule hydroperoxide dependent xenobiotics hydroxylation and lipid peroxidation catalyzed by various forms of cytochrome P-450, e. g. microsomal, soluble and incorporated into liposomes, have been found. The data obtained suggest that the efficiency of the inhibitory effect of the Tyr2-Cu2+ complex depends on the type of cosubstrates (NADPH, cumole hydroperoxide) and substrates used as well as on the form of cytochrome P-450. PMID- 41599 TI - [Shifts of the bacteriochlorophyll absorption band at 880 nm in chromatophores and subchromatophore pigment-protein complexes from Rhodospirillum rubrum]. AB - The redox potential dependency of the light-induced absorption changes of bacteriochlorophyll in the chromatophores and subchromatophore particles from Rhodospirillum rubrum has been studied. The highest values of the absorption changes due to the bleaching of P870 and the blue shift of P800 are observed within the redox potential range of 360--410. At the potential values below 300 mV the 880 nm band of bacteriochlorophyll shifts to shorter wavelengths in the subchromatophore particles and to longer wavelengths in the chromatophores. Redox titration revealed that the red and blue shifts of 880 nm bacteriochlorophyll band are caused by the functioning of a non-identified component (X) which has an oxidation -- reduction midpoint potential close to 340 mV (n = 1) within the pH range of 6,0--7,6. The Em for this component decreases by 60 mV/pH unit within the pH range of 7.6--9,2. The results obtained suggest that the red shift is due to the transmembrane, while the blue shift -- to the local intramembrane electric field. The generation of both the transmembrane and local intramembrane electric fields apparently depends on redox transitions of the component X. PMID- 41600 TI - [Kinetic properties of highly purified luciferase from fireflies Luciola mingrelica]. AB - Luciferase of the fireflies Luciola mingrelica was isolated from dried lanterns of fireflies and purified by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. The homogeneity of the preparation was determined by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme equal to 45000 was determined by disc electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The kinetic properties of the enzyme (V and Km for luciferin and ATP) within the pH-range of 7,0--8,5 were studied. The kinetic curves of the pH-dependences of log V and log Km for both substrates are bell-shaped, with a slope equal to 2. At pH optimum (7,7- 7,9) the Km values for luciferin and ATP are 6,6 mkM and 0,3 mM, respectively. The properties of luciferase L. m. were compared to those of luciferase from fireflies Phophinus pyralis previously described in literature. PMID- 41601 TI - [Comparative kinetic properties of structure-bound and solubilized L-threonine dehydratase from brewer's yeast]. AB - It has been shown that L-threonine dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.16) of brewer's yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis is localized in the mitochondrial fraction. The enzyme is easily solubilized from the mitochondria by changing the pH and ionic strength of the buffer. Some kinetic properties of structure-bound and solubilized L-threonine dehydratase have been compared at pH 6,5. The kinetic plots of the initial rate of the reaction versus initial substrate concentration for both enzymes have a hyperbolic shape; the affinities of both enzymes for the substrate appear to be similar (Km = 20 mM). Both enzymes are inhibited by L isoleucine, the shape of the kinetic plots being thereby changed into sigmoidal. Solubilization results in a decrease of the mitochondral enzyme sensitivity to the inhibition by L-isoleucine and in an appearance of cooperative interactions between the allosteric sites. PMID- 41602 TI - [Chromatography of carboxylic proteinases on sorbents containing the 2,4 dinitrophenyl group. Role of ionic interactions]. AB - The chromatography of porcine pepsin on biospecific sorbents (Sepharose-4B epsilon-DNP-aminocapronylhydrazide and Sepharose-4B-N-DNP-N' acetylhexamethylenediamine) was studied. The sorbents in question differ from the previously used hydrophobic sorbent Sepharose-4B-DNP-hexamethylenediamine by the lack of strongly basic groups in the site of the ligand binding to the polymeric matrix. No qualitative differences in the pepsin chromatography on the three sorbents were observed. Presumably the decrease of the pepsin binding to the sorbents, containing the dinitrophenyl group, at pH values above the isoelectric point may be due to the effects of the salt on the binding site in the enzyme molecule rather than to the screening of the positive charges of the sorbent by chlorine ions. A commercial preparation of pepsin was purified 2-fold on the sorbent Sepharose-4B-epsilon-DNP-animocapronylhydrazide. The synthesis of sorbents is described. PMID- 41603 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium of the erythrocytes in brain hypothermia]. PMID- 41604 TI - Accumulation of N,N-dimethyltryptamine in rat brain cortical slices. AB - 14C-DMT accumulates in rat brain cortical slices incubated at 37 C. This process has many of the properties of an active uptake mechanism. It is temperature sensitive, sodium-dependent, saturable, and is inhibited by metabolic inhibitors. Tryptamine derivatives were more effective than the catecholamines in competing for 14C-DMT accumulation. A number of psychotropic drugs were inhibitors of 14C DMT accumulation. In general, irrespective of pharmacologic class, the tertiary amines were more potent than the secondary or primary amines, although there were some exceptions. Most of the accumulated 14C-DMT was associated with the cytoplasmic fraction. Of the portion associated with the crude mitochondrial fraction, 54.4% was associated with nerve-ending fraction. PMID- 41605 TI - The utilization of hypnotics in chronic schizophrenics: some critical remarks. AB - Of 23 hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients, all under neuroleptic medication, hypnotics taken previously for a long time could be totally withdrawn in 16 cases, and in 7 cases, the dosage was diminished by 30%, without any sleep impairment. The gradual reduction of hypnotics was accompanied by a shift of neuroleptic dosage to the evening and bedtime, with reduction of the morning and midday dose, without change of the total daily dose. A significant improvement in the psychic state was observed in 16 patients after withdrawal of the hypnotic; 7 patients showed a slight improvement after reduction of the hypnotic. Monthly or bimonthly reassessment of insomnia in the hospitalized population of chronic schizophrenics is indispensable to avoid the deleterious effects and abuse of hypnotic drugs. PMID- 41606 TI - Relationship between hydrodynamic forces and vascular wall phenomena - II. Study of the influence of friction on the parietal microenvironmenta by the fixed enzyme method. PMID- 41607 TI - Role of vasa vasorum in nourishment of the aorta. AB - The media of arteries is virtually avascular. Thus, oxygen and nutrients must reach the cells of the media by diffusion from the lumen of the vessel and from adventitial vessels. The thickness of the thoracic aorta of man and dog exceeds the effective diffusion distance of oxygen, but nutrition is supplemented by vasa vasorum which enter into the outer layers of the media. Occlusion of vasa vasorum in dogs produces medial necrosis, which indicates that these vessels are essential for the nourishment of the aorta. Recently the microsphere method has been used to provide the first measurements of blood flow through vasa vasorum. There is substantial flow to the outer layers of media of the thoracic aorta in dogs, with virtually no blood flow in the inner layers. The vessels are very responsive to physiological stimuli: they dilate during infusion of adenosine and constrict during stimulation of sympathetic nerves. During acute increases in arterial pressure, blood flow to the media decreases probably from distortion of vasa vasorum. Vasa vasorum may play role in disease states. Insufficient blood flow through vasa vasorum may contribute to medial necrosis of the aorta and to aortic atherosclerosis. A role of vasa vasorum in aortic changes in hypertension and other vascular diseases merits further study. PMID- 41608 TI - [The research of the treatment position influenced upon operators' health especially the fluctuation of blood gas and biochemics (author's transl)]. PMID- 41609 TI - Monoamine mechanisms in chronic schizophrenia: post-mortem neurochemical findings. AB - Dopamine and its metabolites homovanillic acid and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, noradrenaline, serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and tryptophan and its metabolite kynurenine have been assayed in 9 schizophrenic and 10 control brains, together with the monoamine-related enzymes tyrosine hydroxylase monoamine oxidase, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, and catechol-o-methyl transferase. In schizophrenic brains dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin were significantly increased in some areas of corpus striatum, but there were no significant changes in enzyme activity or monoamine metabolite concentrations in any of the brain areas examined. The findings are not consistent with theories that serotonin or noradrenaline stores are grossly depleted or noradrenaline neurones have degenerated, or that monoamine oxidase activity is abnormal, in schizophrenia, and provide no direct support for the hypothesis that dopamine neurones are overactive. PMID- 41610 TI - Consensus development--amniocentesis. PMID- 41611 TI - Gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in ascitic fluid in diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID- 41612 TI - Effect of beta-blockers on arrhythmias. PMID- 41613 TI - Studies on synaptic vesicles in mammalian brain characterization of highly purified synaptic vesicles from bovine cerebral cortex. AB - Synaptic vesicles have been isolated from bovine cerebral cortex by sequential differential and density gradient centrifugations followed by chromatography on a Sepharose 6B column. We have studied the morphology, enzymatic markers, neurotransmitter and ATP contents and protein composition of the vesicles. The specific contents of acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, aspartate, glutamate and catecholamines were 4--8-fold higher in the vesicle fraction compared to the crude synaptosomal pellet. Electron micrographs of the vesicle preparation showed enrichment of vesicular material with an average diameter of 50 nm. The purity of the preparation was assessed by the very low activities of enzymatic markers of cellular membranes and cytosol components. Some Ca--Mg-activated ATPase activity was detected in the vesicle preparations, but its content relative to the neurotransmitters fell on chromatography, suggesting that this activity may be partially contributed by non-synaptic vesicle components, such as small microsomes. The isolated synaptic vesicles were solubilized with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major Coomassie blue stained bands observed with apparent molecular weights of 160,000 and 55,000 were enriched in parallel to the increase in purity of the preparation. PMID- 41614 TI - Regional distribution of Na+-independent GABA and benzodiazepine binding sites in rat CNS. PMID- 41615 TI - In vivo receptor occupation by benzodiazepines and correlation with the pharmacological effect. AB - The existence of specific receptor sites for benzodiazepines has been well documented by in vitro binding studies. In this study, using a highly radiolabelled [3H]-flunitrazepam, we investigated the binding of benzodiazepines to their receptor sites under in vivo conditions. Tracer doses of [3H]flunitrazepam (0.001 mg/kg) were injected i.v. into mice and the concentration of the drug in the brain was monitored. The accumulation of [3H]flunitrazepam 20 min after injection was found to be highest in the hippocampus, cortex, hypothalamus; to be intermediate in the striatum, medulla oblongata/pons and midbrain and to be lowest in the cerebellum. This corresponds well with the different densities of benzodiazepine receptors which we found in in vitro studies, with the exception of medulla oblongata/pons and cerebellum. When increasing doses (0.01--10 mg/kg) of non-labelled benzodiazepine derivatives (flunitrazepam, clonazepam, the 3S and 3R enantiomers of 5-(o-fluorophenyl)-1,3 dihyrdo-1,3-dimethyl-7-nitro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one, and chlordiazepoxide) were injected simultaneously with [3H]flunitrazepam, a dose-dependant, saturable and and stereo-specific decrease of [3H]flunitrazepam concentration in the mouse hippocampus was observed. The dose range in which the unlabelled benzodiazepines decreases the levels of [3H]flunitrazepam in the hippocampus corresponds closely to that which inhibited pentylenetetrazol- or picrotoxin-induced seizures, indicating that this in vivo method determines the occupation of pharmacologically relevant receptors. PMID- 41616 TI - The resolution of dopamine and beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic-sensitive adenylate cyclase activities in homogenates of cat cerebellum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex. AB - The stimulation of adenylate cyclase by dopamine and various beta-adrenergic agonists has been investigated in homogenates from 3 areas of cat brain: the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the beta-arenergic receptors coupled to adenylate cyclase could be classified as either beta 1 and beta 2 subtypes in the different regions studied. The stimulation of adenylate cyclase by the beta-adrenergic agonist, ( )isoproterenol (5 X 10(-6) M), was completely blocked by the specific beta adrenergic antagonist, (p)alprenolol (1-(-5) M), but not by the dopaminergic antagonist, fluphenazine (10(-5) M), whereas the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by (-)epinephrine (10(-4) M) was blocked to varying extents by these two drugs in each of the 3 regions studied. The (-)epinephrine effect was always blocked in the combined presence of (p)alprenolol and fluphenazine. The adenylate cyclase stimulation by (p)epinephrine which is not blocked by (p)alprenolol was due to interaction of (p)epinephrine with a dopaminergic-sensitive adenylate cyclase which has been characterized in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Regional differences in the affinity of beta-adrenergic-sensitive adenylate cyclase for various agonists were investigated in the presence of fluphenazine (10(-5) M). In the cerebellum the potency order was (+/-)protokylol greater than (+/-)hydroxybenzylisoproterenol greater than (+/-)isoproterenol greater than ( )epinephrine greater than (+/-)salbutamol greater than (-)norepinephrine, indicating the presence of a beta 2-adrenergic receptor. In the cerebral cortex the potency order was (-)isoproterenol greater than +/-)protokylol greater than (+/-)hydroxybenzylisoproterenol greater than (-)epinephrine = (-)norepinephrine ((+/-)salbutamol being inactive). A similar pattern was found in the hippocampus indicating the presence of a beta 1-adrenergic receptor in these two regions. (+/ )Salbutamol was a partial agonist in the cerebellum and a competitive antagonist in the cerebral cortex. The ratio of the antagonist potencies of (+/-)practolol and (+/-)butoxamine preferential beta 1- and beta 2-adrenergic antagonists respectively, to block the stimulation of adenylate cyclase was 25 in the cerebellum, compared to 0.5 in the cerebral cortex and 1.6 in the hippocampus. These results confirm the presence of a beta 2 subtype of receptor coupled to adenylate cyclase in the former and beta 1 subtypes in the latter two regions. The comparison between the affinities of a series of beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists for the beta-adrenergic receptors coupled with an adenylate cyclase in cerebral cortex and cerebellum with their affinities for well characterized beta 2-adrenergic receptors in lung and beta 1-adrenergic receptor in heart substantiated this conclusion. PMID- 41617 TI - Ontogeny of GABA and benzodiazepine receptors: effects of Triton X-100, bromide and muscimol. PMID- 41618 TI - Effects of gonadectomy and thyroidectomy on tyrosine hydroxylase in discrete areas of the rat median eminence. PMID- 41619 TI - [Report of the 27th Congress of the International Association of Broncho Pneumology of Toulouse (4,5 and 6 May 1978). Morphologic and morphometric study of the distal bronchi in chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 41620 TI - [Report of the 27th Congress of the International Association of Broncho Pneumology of Toulouse (4, 5 and 6 May 1978). Pulmonary impact of mechanical ventilation]. PMID- 41621 TI - [Report of the 27th Congress of the International Association of Broncho Pneumology of Toulouse (4, 5 and 6 May 1978). Immunologic methods in the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary disease]. PMID- 41622 TI - [Adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase activity in the isolated kidney glomerulus of the rat]. AB - Isolated rat renal glomeruli contain an adenylate cyclase system and guanylate cyclase system. Adenylate cyclase was strikingly activated by purified parathyroid hormone, epinephrine, prostaglandin I2 and histamine. The demonstration of PTH activated adenylate cyclase in glomeruli raises the possibility of a role of this hormone in regulation of glomerular filtration rate. Guanylate cyclase was strikingly activated by CA2+, nitrate derivatives such as sodium nitroprusside. Its role remained still unknown. PMID- 41623 TI - Abstracts of the first annual Scientific Meeting American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Anaheim, California June 11--12, 1979. PMID- 41624 TI - Effect of vitamins C and E on sulfated proteoglycan metabolism and sulfatase and phosphatase activities in organ cultures of human cartilage. PMID- 41625 TI - Effects of changing hydrogen ion, carbonic acid, and bicarbonate concentrations on bone resorption in vitro. PMID- 41627 TI - The influence of blood flow and arterial blood pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass on deltoid muscle gas tensions and body temperature after bypass. AB - The results of this study demonstrate that skeletal muscle perfusion during bypass requires high flows and mean arterial pressures and that use of vasopressors during bypass impairs skeletal muscle blood flow. Our findings also indicate that skeletal muscle perfusion during bypass decreases metabolic acidosis after operation and prevents decreases in body temperature and poor skeletal muscle blood flow in the post-bypass and early postoperative periods. Our results suggest that perfusing to maintain normal Pmo2 during extracorporeal circulation is superior to more conventional techniques of conducting bypass. PMID- 41628 TI - Electrical pulp testing. PMID- 41626 TI - Anaesthetic management of phaeochromocytoma. AB - The incidence, mortality, physiology, clinical findings and diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma are reviewed. Treatment, after adequate medical stabilization, must be surgical because of the high incidence of malignancy. Alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade and beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in the preoperative period was discussed. Anaesthetic management of patients with phaeochromocytoma requires close monitoring. Virtually all inhalational anaesthetic agents have been used in cases of phaeochromocytoma. Recent reports have favored enflurane. The merits of neuroleptanaesthesia and the various muscle relaxants are also discussed. Most authors favour lidocaine over propranolol for management of dysrhythmias during operation. Phentolamine or sodium nitroprusside are used for hypertension during operation. Hypotension is treated by fluid replacement with nor-epinephrine if a vasopressor becomes necessary. Close monitoring is necessary in the postoperative period. Adequate urinary output is of more importance than actual blood pressure levels. PMID- 41629 TI - Royal College celebrates Year of the Child. PMID- 41630 TI - Etiology of dental caries. PMID- 41631 TI - Control of protein and energy intake: role of plasma amino acids and brain neurotransmitters. PMID- 41633 TI - Noradrenaline inhibition of transmitter efflux in a renal artery preparation and the presynaptic receptor theory. AB - The effect of noradrenaline on the stimulation-induced efflux of tritium in cattle renal arteries preincubated with [3H]noradrenaline was determined. Preparations were stimulated transmurally, with 300 shocks over a range of frequencies (1--15 Hz) in the presence and absence of noradrenaline (3 X 10(-6) M). The agonist inhibited the efflux most at 1 Hz but the extent of the inhibition did not vary with frequency between 2, 5, and 15 Hz. It is concluded that a negative feedback system, modulating neurotransmitter release, and increasingly activated by endogenously released noradrenaline as the frequency of stimulation rises, cannot account for the pattern of efflux inhibition induced by exogenous noradrenaline. PMID- 41632 TI - Neurotransmitter receptors on gill muscle fibers and the gill peripheral nerve plexus in Aplysia. AB - Isolated pinnules of the gill of Aplysia contract when dopamine (DA) is perfused through the bath. The contraction is not blocked by high-Mg2+ seawater, and reflects excitatory receptors for DA on the smooth muscle cells of the gill. The pinnule often shows irregular, spontaneous contractions which are blocked by high Mg2+ seawater and 30 mM CoCl2. These contractions reflect spontaneous activity of a peripheral nerve plexus. No other transmitter was found to be directly excitatory on the muscle fibers, although there are inhibitory receptors for serotonin (5-HT). Tactile stimulation of the pinnule evoked a two-component contractile reflex contraction due to activation of the peripheral nerve plexus. Acetylcholine, octopamine, and 5-HT but not several other transmitters depressed these responses, presumably due to inhibitory receptors on the neurons of the peripheral plexus. PMID- 41634 TI - Induction of foci of altered hepatocytes by a single injection of azaserine to rats. AB - The induction of foci of altered, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT)-positive hepatocytes by azaserine was investigated. After injection of a single dose of azaserine, many foci developed in male Wistar rats fed a choline-devoid (CD) diet containing acetylaminofluorene (AAF), but only a few in rats fed a choline supplemented (CS) diet containing AAF. Similar results were obtained in rats fed a plain CD diet or a plain CS diet and injected with a single dose of azaserine after a partial hepatectomy. These findings indicate that azaserine is an effective initiator of liver carcinogenesis in rats, and that a CD diet acts as a strong promoter of the evolution initiated liver cells to foci of altered, GGT positive hepatocytes. PMID- 41635 TI - [Acute alpha adrenergic block and its effect on insulin secretion in pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 41637 TI - Nonspecific suppressor elements in murine allogeneic radiation chimeras. PMID- 41636 TI - APUD-type recepto-secretory cells in the chicken lung. AB - The epithelium of the intrapulmonary airways of the chicken lung has been studied by fluorescence and electron microscopy. Numerous intensely yellow-fluorescent cells occur in the epithelium of the primary and secondary bronchi. The cell cytoplasm contains characteristic granular vesicles with an electron-dense central core. The vesicles react positively to chromaffin and argentaffin treatment, indicating that they are possible storage sites for amines. Synapse like junctions occur between the granular cells and the intraepithelial nerve endings, filled with numerous mitochondria, suggesting that these granular cells may have a dual function as both receptor and endocrine cell. PMID- 41638 TI - Selective loss of S-phase cells when making cell suspensions from lymphoid tissue. PMID- 41639 TI - Meeting report: mechanisms and controls of prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagellar motility. PMID- 41640 TI - Affinity of human leukocyte interferon for polyribonucleotides. AB - Human leukocyte interferon (HL-IF)binds to AGPOLY(A)TM, AGPOLY(U)TM and AGPOLY(I)TM. The bound interferon could be displaced from all three polyribonucleotides by including sodium chloride in the eluant. The nature of interaction of HL-IF with polyribonucleotides is electrostatic and not hydrophobic since its binding was not prevented in the presence of 50% ethylene glycol. The binding of HL-IF on AGPOLY(I)TM is stronger at lower pH since an increase in ionic strength is required to displace it. PMID- 41641 TI - Canadians host first National CE Conference. PMID- 41642 TI - [The place of histamine H2 receptor antagonists in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 41643 TI - [Comparison of the effectiveness of SGOT and GGTP screening reactions]. PMID- 41644 TI - [Pancreatology. Internal medicine section. Working day of the Czechoslovak Society for Gastroenterology and Nutrition held on Nov. 22, 1978 in Prague]. PMID- 41645 TI - [Ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. Summary of lectures from the workshop of the Czech Society for Gastroenterology and Nutrition on March 3, 1979 in Prague]. PMID- 41646 TI - [Catecholestrogens]. PMID- 41647 TI - Phospholipid-induced agglutination of plaque bacteria. PMID- 41648 TI - Novel 125I-labeled nortriptyline derivatives and their use in liquid-phase or magnetizable solid-phase second-antibody radioimmunoassays. AB - Nortriptyline derivatives prepared by reaction with fluorescein isothiocyanate or conjugation to N-acetyl-L-histidine were radioiodinated and the products purified with Sephadex LH-20 columns to obtain two novel nortriptyline radioligands. Antisera were raised in rabbits by immunization with nortriptyline conjugated to succinylated ovine albumin. By use of the iodinated fluorescein derivative we developed a liquid-phase second-antibody radioimmunoassay that gives results correlating closely (r = 0.98) with those by an established radioimmunoassay of similar specificity in the assay of apparent total amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline in serum or plasma from patients being treated with these drugs. With the iodinated N-acetyl-L-histidine derivative we developed a magnetizable solid-phase second-antibody radioimmunoassay. The cross reactivities of amitriptyline and nortriptyline could be made equal by performing the assay at pH 9.0, which makes it possible to measure true total active drug concentrations in patients receiving amitriptyline. PMID- 41649 TI - Gas-liquid chromatography of undervatized drugs after chromatographic extraction from blood. AB - We have developed an integrated method that overcomes the two main procedural difficulties of gas-liquid chromatography, namely, solvent-solvent extraction and chemical derivatization. Drugs are extracted from serum by column chromatography on granular diatomaceous earth (kieselguhr). Subsequent gas-liquid chromatography of underivatized samples can be performed on either of two liquid phases. A mixed liquid phase, used for quantitative gas-chromatographic assay on patients with a known therapeutic regimen, has enabled quantitation of 12 drugs in serum. Alternatively, a single liquid phase, used with the mixed liquid phase, permits the gas-chromatographic identification of unknown drugs on the basis of the characteristic pattern of the two relative retention times; by this approach more than 40 drugs have been identified in cases of suspected intoxication, both in serum and in gastric aspirate. Besides providing ease of performance and wide applicability, the proposed procedure offers a degree of precision and accuracy that compares favorably with established methods. PMID- 41650 TI - A new assay for diaphorase activity in reagent formulations, based on the reduction of thiazolyl blue. AB - This new assay procedure for diaphorase eliminates problems of high blank rates and nonlinear kinetics associated with other methods. The dye thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide is reduced in the presence of NADH and diaphorase to yield a colored formazan, which as maximum absorbance at 560 nm. PMID- 41651 TI - Physical properties of human serum hexosaminidases A and B: studies in normal and cancer patients. AB - The major forms of human serum hexosaminidases A and B (Hex A and Hex B) were isolated from normal subjects and cancer patients using DEAE-cellulose. In normal serum, Hex A was heat-labile and had an apparent KM of 1.13 mM and Vmax of 0.51 mumol/ml/h; Hex B was heat-stable and had an apparent KM of 0.85 mM and Vmax of 0.22 mumol/ml/h. Both forms had the same pH optimum, at 4.3. Hex A and Hex B from the sera of cancer patients resembled their normal counterparts in heat stability, pH optimum, and apparent KM (1.07 mM for Hex A, 0.88 mM for Hex B). In contrast, the Vmax values for the cancer sera isozymes were greater than those of normal sera (0.70 and 0.40 mumol/ml/h for Hex A and Hex B, respectively). PMID- 41652 TI - Human leucocyte cerebroside sulphate sulphatase. AB - Some of the properties of the cerebroside sulphate sulphatase of human leucocyte extracts have been studied. The enzyme has an apparent KM of 2.9 mmol/l and is inhibited by the products of the reaction, sulphate and galactocerebroside. A number of divalent metal ions including manganese and magnesium stimulated the reaction only slightly at 5 mmol/l but inhibited strongly at 20 mmol/l. Triton X 100 present in leucocyte extracts also inhibited, increasing both the apparent KM and Vmax. The enzyme activity was dependent on the presence of anionic detergents. At low substrate concentrations a crude taurocholate preparation was the most active of all bile acids examined. Pure taurocholate and sodium cholate were considerably less active. At highter substrate concentrations however, sodium cholate produced the greatest stimulation of enzyme activity. These data suggest that the bile acid/substrate ratio may be a critical factor in determining cerebroside sulphate sulphatase activity at different substrate concentrations. PMID- 41653 TI - Enzymatic microdetermination of plasma lipoprotein cholesterol without ultracentrifugation. AB - The lipoprotein fractions of 15 microliter capillary plasma were separated by electrophoresis on agarose gel. The samples were dried, dissolved in HCl, and neutralized with a saturated Tris solution producing a Tri-buffer system at pH 7. This improvement of sample neutralizing made the system highly suitable for enzymatic determination of cholesterol. The kinetic properties and linear range of this reaction system, the precision (coefficient of variation 1--3%) and the recovery of cholesterol (100%) were found to be optimal. PMID- 41654 TI - Factors affecting the solubility of ammonium acid urate. AB - Evidence is presented that sodium acid urate exists in aqueous solution in a non colloidal state. The levels of ammonium and urate ions required to precipitate ammonium acid urate have been established for some aqueous media. The effect of pH on the formation product of ammonium acid urate is described. Evidence is presented that there is no epitaxial relationship between this salt and calcium oxalate monohydrate. PMID- 41655 TI - Glycosaminoglycans as inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation. AB - Evidence is presented that the glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin 6-sulphate and chondroitin 4-sulphate, are the major inhibitors of calcium oxalate crystal growth and aggregation in dilute normal urine. PMID- 41656 TI - Human dihydropteridine reductase: a method for the measurement of activity in cultured cells, and its application to malignant hyperphenylalaninemia. AB - 1. The kinetic, assay and culture variables involved in the determination of dihydropteridine reductase activity in human cultured cells have been investigated, and a modified assay is described which allows for accurate determination of activity. Unlike previously used assays, this assay utilizes saturating concentrations of substrates and its increased sensitivity allows for excellent replication on a smaller number of cells than was previously required. 2. The modified assay was used to investigate the levels of dihydropteridine reductase in patients with malignant hyperphenylalaninemia; results of assay for the enzyme in cultured cells from affected infants and parents are presented. These are compared with control data for dihydropteridine reductase activity in fibroblasts and continuous lymphoid cells from normal controls and phenylketonuric patients, in normal amniotic cells and in liver obtained at autopsy. PMID- 41657 TI - Enzyme changes and morphometric analysis of bile ducts in experimental bile duct obstruction. PMID- 41658 TI - An inhibitor of DNA synthesis produced by established lymphoid cell lines. PMID- 41659 TI - Cell elastimetry in the study of normal and abnormal movement of human neutrophils. PMID- 41660 TI - Abstracts. Transactions of the Thirty-First Annual Meeting of the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, May 1979. PMID- 41662 TI - A clinical score for predicting the level of respiratory care in infants with respiratory distress syndrome. AB - A scoring system was developed to predict the need for transferring infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) from community hospitals to specialized respiratory care centers. Five clinical and laboratory determinations (birthweight, clinical RDS score, FI02, PCO2 and pH) recorded from 100 infants with RDS during one year were utilized in a score with values ranging from 0 to 10. Application of the score to 159 infants with RDS during the following year showed that: (1) 73 per cent of infants scoring less than or equal to 3 received only oxygen by hood; (2) 75 per cent of infants scoring 4--5 required continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP); and (3) 87 per cent of infants scoring greater than or equal to 6 needed mechanical ventilation (7V). Mean scores were significantly different (p less than 0.02) for each type of respiratory therapy employed: oxygen by hood (2.30 +/- 0.19 S.E.M.); CPAP (4.27 +/- 0.16 S.E.M.); MV (6.72 +/- 0.25 S.E.M.). The accuracy and simplicity of the score make it valuable for the physician in the community hospital to assist in deciding when to transfer a neonate with RDS for more intensive respiratory therapy. PMID- 41663 TI - Stress lesions of the lower leg and foot. AB - Technetium 99 methylene diphosphonate scans were performed on 32 patients with suspected stress fractures. Twenty-six patients had abnormal scans, 13 had abnormal X-rays and on these only nine had either fresh periosteal new bone and/or a fracture line. A logical approach of the use of X-ray and radionuclide techniques in patient management is suggested. PMID- 41661 TI - Role of the lung in total body clearance of circulating drugs. AB - Attention in recent years has focused upon the ability of lung to accumulate and/or to metabolise circulating hormones, drugs and other xenobiotic agents. Although often studied in broken cell preparations, such functions must be examined in intact lung before extrapolation to the situation in vivo is possible. The role of lung in total body clearance of xenobiotic agents is often considered to be small, as compared with the liver it usually has much lower concentrations of degradative enzymes and a smaller mass. However, consideration of such factors as organ blood flow or stimulation of drug metabolising enzymes suggests that the contribution of the lung to total body clearance of some drugs is greater than previously recognised. This may explain some of the alterations in drug clearance seen clinically. For example, cigarette smoking may increase the clearance of certain xenobiotic compounds by stimulating pulmonary drug metabolising enzymes. Pulmonary drug disposition may also be altered by conditions affecting cardiac output, such as exercise, hypoxia, and circulatory shock, or those affecting acid-base balance, such as hyperventilation. In addition, pneumotoxicants may affect pulmonary clearance of circulating drugs and xenobiotics. PMID- 41664 TI - The role of the colon in the pathogenesis of hyperchloraemic acidosis in ureterosigmoid anastomosis. PMID- 41665 TI - The adenylate cyclase system in human liver: characterization, subcellular distribution and hormonal sensitivity in normal or cirrhotic adult, and in foetal liver. AB - 1. Adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) activity was characterized in human liver, and its subcellular distribution compared with that of three other potential enzyme markers of the pericellular membrane: leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1), gamma glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2) and 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5). Although these three enzyme activities were detected in each of the subcellular fractions studied, 85% of the total adenylate cyclase activity was found in the 1000 g pellet ('nuclear' fraction) with a threefold increase in specific activity as compared with the homogenate. No adenylate cyclase activity existed in the 150 000 g supernatant fraction. 2. In the 'nuclear' fraction, adenylate cyclase activity was increased in a dose-dependent fashion by glucagon with a half maximal stimulation at 10 nmol/l and a maximal four- to seven-fold increase at 1 mumol/l. Catecholamines activated adenylate cyclase 2.5- to three-fold, with an order of potency (protokylol greater than isoprenaline greater than adrenaline greater than noradrenaline) typical of a beta 2-adrenoreceptor. Prostaglandin E1 and NaF also stimulated cyclase two- and four-fold respectively. Insulin, serotonin, dopamine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and ACTH had no effect. Adenosine provoked a weak inhibition at 0.1 mmol/l. Finally guanosine triphosphate and 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate induced a marked increase in basal activity, four- and eight-fold respectively, but both reduced the relative increase in enzyme activity due to glucagon or adrenaline. 3. Cyclase from foetal liver (12--16 weeks old) and cirrhotic adult liver appeared to behave similarly to that from normal liver; however, foetal cyclase was more active, and cirrhotic enzyme less active than normal adult liver. Both systems responded to catecholamines via a beta 2-adrenoreceptor. 4. These results validate the use of rat liver adenylate cyclase as a tool for pharmacological and physiological studies. PMID- 41666 TI - Characteristics of a renin-binding substance for the conversion of renin into a higher-molecular-weight form in the dog. AB - 1. Renal cortical homogenates of the dog were subjected to sieve separation, a Nucleopore Filter being used to separate the renin granules. 2. The molecular weight of renin in the granules was estimated to be about 40 000 by gel filtration. Renin was converted into a higher-molecular-weight form (60 000) by mixing with cytosol in the presence of sodium tetrathionate, a thiol inhibitor. 3. When cytosol was pretreated with acid (pH 3.0) or heating (100 degrees C), the molecular-weight conversion did not occur. 4. Cytosol was separated into three parts by gel filtration. Fraction A included substances with a molecular weight of over 47 000, fraction B from 47 000 to 32 000, and fraction C from 32 000 to 15 000. The mixture of renin in the granules with fraction A and sodium tetrathionate resulted in the formation of a higher-molecular-weight form of the enzyme, but no change in molecular weight was detected when renin was mixed with fractions B or C and sodium tetrathionate. PMID- 41667 TI - Activation of inactive plasma renin by plasma and tissue kallikreins. AB - 1. Normal human plasma contains a proactivator of inactive renin. The pro activator is activated at physiological pH in plasma that has been pretreated with acid. This activation in vitro leads to the conversion of inactive renin into the active form with simultaneous generation of kallikrein activity. 2. The endogenous activator of inactive renin has the same pH profile and inhibitor spectrum as plasma kallikrein. 3. Inactive renin can also be activated by exposure of plasma to exogenous trypsin, and in normal plasma the quantities of inactive renin that are activated after acidification and with trypsin are identical. Prekallikrein (Fletcher factor)-deficient plasma, however, has much lower renin activity after acidification than with trypsin. Thus acid activation of inactive renin depends on plasma prekallikrein, whereas the action of trypsin is independent of prekallikrein. 4. Highly purified tissue (pancreatic) kallikrein, in a concentration of less than 2 X 10(-8) mol/l, activates inactive renin that has been isolated from plasma by ion-exchange chromatography. In this respect it is at least 100 times more potent than trypsin. 5. It is therefore possible that plasma and/or tissue (renal) kallikreins are also involved in the activation of inactive renin in vivo. PMID- 41668 TI - [Effects of various beta-blockers on water-electrolyte and acid-base composition of human blood]. PMID- 41669 TI - Report on the International Council of Nurses/World Health Organization's Workshop on the Role of Nursing in the Delivery of Primary Care Services. Nairobi, Kenya, September 30--October 1, 1979. PMID- 41670 TI - A review of feline viral rhinotracheitis (feline herpesvirus I infection). PMID- 41671 TI - The effect of D-tubocurarine on the responses of snail neurons to ACh, 5-HT, glutamate and dopamine--receptors or ionophores? PMID- 41672 TI - Effects of fluoxetine and imipramine on male Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 41673 TI - The action of dantrolene sodium on the lobster neuromuscular junction. PMID- 41674 TI - Ca2+ regulation by Ca-ATPase in relation to DDT's action on the lobster nerve. PMID- 41675 TI - Pharmacological studies on Helix neuron octopamine receptors. PMID- 41676 TI - Putative neurotransmitters in the annelid central nervous system: presence of 5 hydroxytryptamine and octopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclases. PMID- 41677 TI - Parkinson's disease, depression, and electroconvulsive therapy: a clinical and neurobiologic synthesis. PMID- 41678 TI - Conference '79. PMID- 41679 TI - Skin irritation in newborns. PMID- 41680 TI - A vaccine against pneumonia. PMID- 41681 TI - Creating the pneumococcal pneumonia vaccine: a hundred-year story. PMID- 41682 TI - New experiments of biotin enzymes. AB - The objects of structural studies on biotin-enzymes were acetyl CoA-carboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and beta-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase and acetyl CoA-carboxylase of Achromobacter IV S. It was found that these enzymes can be arranged in three groups. In the first group, as represented by acetyl CoA-carboxylase of Achromobacter, the active enzyme could be resolved in three types of functional components: (1) the biotin-carboxyl carrier protein, (2) the biotin carboxylase, and (3) the carboxyl transferase. In the second group, as represented by beta-methylcrotonyl CoA-carboxylase from Achromobacter only two types of polypeptides are present. The one carries the biotin carboxylase activity together with the biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein, the other one carries the carboxyl transferase activity. In this third group, as represented by the two enzymes of yeast, all three catalytic functions are incorporated in one multifunctional polypeptide chain. The evolution of the different enzymes is discussed. The animal tissues acetyl CoA-carboxylase is under metabolic control, as known from previous studies. It thus has to be expected that the levels of malonyl CoA in livers of rats in all states of depressed fatty acid synthesis are much lower than under normal conditions because the carboxylation of acetyl CoA is strongly reduced and cannot keep pace with the consumption of malonyl CoA by fatty acid synthetase. A new highly sensitive assay method for malonyl CoA was developed which uses tritiated NADPH and measures the incorporation of radioactivity into the fatty acids formed from malonyl CoA in the presence of purified fatty acid synthetase. The application of this method to liver extracts showed that the level of malonyl CoA which amounts to about 7 nmoles per gram of wet liver drops to less than 10% within a starvation period of 24 hr and even further if the starvation period is extended to 48 hr. A low malonyl CoA concentration is also found in the alloxan diabetic animals and in animals being fed a fatty diet after starvation. On the other hand, feeding a carbohydrate rich diet leads to malonyl CoA levels surpassing the levels found after feeding a balanced diet. These observations reconfirm the concept that fatty acid synthesis is principally regulated by the carboxylation of acetyl CoA. PMID- 41683 TI - Hormonal regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity in the liver cell. AB - Chick liver cell monolayers synthesize fatty acids at in vivo rates and are responsive to insulin and glucagon. High rates of fatty acid synthesis are maintained with insulin present and lost slowly without insulin. Glucagon or 3',5'-cyclic AMP cause immediate cessation of fatty acid synthesis. The site of inhibition appears to be cytoplasmic acetyl-CoA carboxylase which catalyzes the first committed step of fatty acid synthesis. Liver carboxylase exists either as catalytically inactive protomers or active filamentous polymers. Citrate, an allosteric activator of the enzyme, is required for both catalysis and polymerization. Glucagon and cAMP cause an immediate decrease in the cytoplasmic citrate concentration of chick liver cells apparently by inhibiting the conversion of glucose to citrate at the phosphofructokinase reaction. Since fatty acid synthesis and citrate level are closely correlated, citrate appears to be a feed-forward activator of the carboxylase in vivo. Compelling evidence indicates that carboxylase filaments are present in the intact cell when citrate levels are high and depolymerize when citrate levels fall. Hence, carboxylase activity and fatty acid synthetic rate appear to be determined by cytoplasmic citrate level. PMID- 41684 TI - The significance of 2,3-DPG in red blood cell transfusions. AB - This review will begin by giving the highlights of the history and explain development of the basic science knowledge of hemoglobin chemistry, function, and physiology. The necessary involvement of red cell metabolism, as it pertains to the maintenance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) levels, both normally and under the perturbed and experimental conditions of blood storage, will be given as part of the basic science data. The clinical science and transfusion data will comprise the main critical aspects of the paper. Analysis and comment of over 20 studies will be given on the effects of animal and human transfusions with altered 2,3-DPG levels. Decreased survival and organ function have been demonstrated with transfusion of low 2,3-DPG red cells, with or without anemia, in the conditions of exercise, shock, hypotension, ischemia, cardiac surgery, hypoxia, sepsis, and acidosis. By critical analysis of these studies, recommendations on general and specific patient needs for red cell transfusions with normal or high 2,3-DPG levels are given. PMID- 41685 TI - Preparation of high-fructose syrup from the tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L. AB - Fructose has recently received much attention due to renewed interest in natural sweeteners. In addition, fructose has some advantages to sucrose in sweetness, solubility, viscosity, and dental health characteristics. Fructose is deposited as storage fructans of the inulin (beta-1,2) type in tubers and rhizomes of the Compositae family. The utilization of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tuber as a source of fructose syrup is discussed. This plant has the potential to produce more sugar per acre than corn or sugar beets. In addition, the artichoke has higher frost resistance and lower heat unit requirements than corn and is somewhat more tolerant to low moisture conditions than sugar beets. A high quality fructose syrup can be produced from artichoke tubers. The extraction step was found to be particularly important since development of adverse colors and flavors must be prevented. The fructans may be acid or enzyme hydrolyzed but the latter method gave a higher quality syrup. Ion-exchange resins and activated charcoal were effective in removing coloring and flavoring materials, and also reduced other noncarbohydrate constituents. Since the enzymatic hydrolysis of the fructans is an attractive alternative to acid hydrolysis, a process was developed for producing and purifying a special beta-fructofuranosidase (inulase) from Saccharomyces fragilis. Inulase has a much higher specificity for fructans than commerically available beta-fructofuranosidase (invertase). PMID- 41686 TI - First International Conference on Tuberculosis, sponsored by the Pittsfield, Massachusetts, Anti-Tuberculosis Association, the American College of Chest Physicians, and the North American region of the International Union Against Tuberculosis. PMID- 41687 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux: a factor eliciting esophageal variceal hemorrhage?]. AB - Following a hemorrhage, ten patients with esophageal varices were examined by means of gastroscopy and functional analysis of the esophagus with special regard to gastroesophageal reflux. A pathological gastroesophageal reflux was not confirmed. These results plus previously published findings lead to the assumption that reflux is of not importance in the initiation of esophageal variceal bleeding. PMID- 41689 TI - Submolecular biology and cancer. Ciba Foundation Symposium 67 (new series) in honour of Albert Szent-Gyorgyi on the occasion of his 85th birthday. PMID- 41688 TI - Isolation and purification of large quantities of DNA replication intermediates by pH step alkaline elution. AB - The alkaline elution technique has been modified to be used in the isolation of DNA replication intermediates and in the study of the process of DNA replication. In this procedure pulse labeled CHO cells are layered onto a membrane filter, lysed with detergent, and the nascent DNA eluted in step-wise fashion with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide at pH 11.0, 11.3, 11.5 and 12.1. Alkaline sucrose sedimentation of the eluted DNA shows that the pH 11.0 material consists of less than 9S fragments consistant with those described by Okazaki and others. DNA eluting at pH 11.3 has a molecular weight of 8-12 million daltons, DNA which elutes at pH 11.5 sediments with a molecular weight of 20-30 million daltons. Two independent lines of evidence suggest that the pH 11.3 material includes DNA sequences synthesized at replicon origins. (1) Exposure of cells to low doses of X-ray prior to pulse labeling reduces the pH 11.3 fraction by 40-50% while there is little change in the other fractions. (2) Synchronization of cells by inhibiting DNA synthesis with FdU, followed by a 2 min pulse label, yields approximately 50% of the incorporated 3H-thymidine in the pH 11.3 fraction. The pH step elution technique has the following advantages: 1. Intermediates of high specific activity can be isolated from 10(6) cells per filter; 2. By lysing cells on a filter, proteins, nucleases, and other cellular materials are eliminated; 3. DNA in the lysate is never handled, thus eliminating shearing; 4. Eluted DNA may be instantaneously neutralized by collecting into a buffer to protect it from alkaline degradation. PMID- 41690 TI - Crohn's disease associated with Takayasu's arteritis. AB - In a young woman with Takayasu's arteritis, standard roentgenographic studies suggested a diagnosis of Crohn's ileocolitis. Mesenteric angiography was performed and revealed specific abnormalities diagnostic of Crohn's disease, namely, the zoning sign in the cecum with a hypervascular inner layer and a hypovascular outer layer, and paraintestinal inflammatory neovasculature adjacent to the ascending colon. In addition, several helpful but nonspecific findings were demonstrated, and these features are reviewed. This patient represents another example of large vessel lesions associated with inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 41691 TI - Screening in diabetes mellitus: report of the Atlanta workshop. AB - A Diabetes Screening Workshop was held in Atlanta, Georgia, May 15--17, 1978, which was sponsored by the Center for Disease Control, the American Diabetes Association, and the National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases. The workshop formulated the following recommendations for the use of screening procedures in diabetes mellitus from a community control viewpoint: (1) screening for asymptomatic glucose intolerance should be done among pregnant women as part of a well-coordinated program to decrease perinatal morbidity and mortality; (2) screening programs to detect asymptomatic glucose intolerance per se are not recommended as health services in nonpregnant populations; (3) screening for diabetes or its complications for research purposes should be done only as part of well-designed studies focusing on identification of predictive factors, implementation and effectiveness of preventive and therapeutic measures, descriptive epidemiology in selected populations, dynamic and economic factors of the medical care system related to case detection and management, and the nature and effects of screening processes; (4) information and education programs for health care providers, parents, and the general public should be implemented to bring about increased awareness of the clinical signs and symptoms of diabetes; and (5) all persons known to have diabetes should be evaluated regularly for the detection and management of the common chronic complications of the disease. PMID- 41692 TI - [Enzyme induction in associations of polyfunctional cells using rat liver as an example]. PMID- 41693 TI - [Transfer of proteins of NADH and NADPH-specific redox chains between microsomal membranes and phospholipid liposomes]. PMID- 41694 TI - Theories of tolerance and dependence on ethanol: mechanistic approaches. PMID- 41695 TI - Physical dependence on ethanol: conceptual considerations. AB - The mechanism of physical dependence is defined as a chain of events that begins at the physical level of membrane organization and that progresses through the various levels of biological organization to the behavioral level. An ethanol induced alteration may be (1) cause, (2) effect, (3) an unrelated covariate of physical dependence, or (4) an experimental artifact. A variety of criteria in addition to correlation must be met before the significance of an ethanol-induced effect can be assessed. The reasons are summarized for assuming that physical effects of ethanol on membranes are the primary initiators of the cascade of events that leads to physical dependence. PMID- 41696 TI - Role of calcium in ethanol-membrane interactions: a model for tolerance and dependence. AB - The calcium content of membranes may regulate a number of key neuronal processes. Studies are described in which acute and chronic administration of ethanol was shown to alter calcium binding to synaptosomal plasma membranes. PMID- 41697 TI - Progress toward a voluntary oral consumption model of alcoholism. AB - With the goal of obtaining a suitable animal model for voluntary oral consumption of ethanol, the investigators selectively bred lines of alcohol-preferring and alcohol-nonpreferring rats, with preference considered as a function of the concentration of ethanol ingested. Studies with these animals showed that drinking is voluntary and not contingent on caloric restriction; that they will work to obtain ethanol even when food and water are freely available, and in so doing, show psychological or behavioral tolerance; that the amount of ethanol voluntarily consumed approaches their apparent maximum capacity for ethanol elimination. This amount of ethanol was capable of altering brain neurotransmitter content, thus exerting a CNS pharmocologic effect. In addition, the rats will bar-press for intravenous administration of ethanol, and with prolonged, free-choice consumption, ethanol intake increases to as much as 12 g per kg body weight per day without producing behavioral deficits, suggesting the development of tolerance. PMID- 41698 TI - Theophylline in asthma. PMID- 41699 TI - [Inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric secretion by ranitidine (author's transl)]. AB - The dose-effect relationship of ranitidine, a recently developed selective histamine H2 receptor antagonist was tested on six healthy subjects after oral administration. Ranitidine gave dose-dependent inhibition of pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion. Half-maximal inhibition occurred at 75 mg. The antisecretory effect was still demonstrable five hours after oral intake. The drug is thus more powerful and has more lasting antisecretory action, even after oral intake, than cimetidine. PMID- 41700 TI - [Nitrates in therapy of coronary disease]. PMID- 41701 TI - Principles of use of psychotropic drugs in children. PMID- 41702 TI - [The significance and use of fluorides in caries prevention with reference to the mechanism of action, dosage form and test methods. Summaries of papers presented at a symposion of the special research group 92 of Wurzburg University]. PMID- 41703 TI - [Gonadotropin secretion following pernasal stimulation with synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and a highly effective GnRH-analog in healthy men and prepubertal boys]. AB - Potent long acting analogs of GnRH are of great interest especially in view of pernasal (p.n.) treatmen of hypogonadism of hypothalamic origin and of cryptorchidism. To find the necessary p.n. dosage of such a substance, serum LH and FSH were measured in 6 normal adult human males after p.n. application of various doses of D Leu6-des-Gly10-GnRH ethylamide. 50 microgram of the GnRH analog were necessary to obtain increased serum gonadotropins over a period of at least 8 hours. By repeated p.n. application of 200 microgram of synthetic GnRH every 2 hours in 6 normal adult males a considerable increase of serum gonadotropins could be demonstrated as well. Pernasal application of 200 microgram GnRH repeated at an interval of 1 hour in 3 cryptorchid boys produced a distinct increase of the serum gonadotropins. The intraindividual comparison of 200 microgram GnRH and 20 microgram of the GnRH analog in one boy showed equivalent net increases of the gonadotropins. With the analog the gonadotropin increase lasted for about 6 hours. PMID- 41704 TI - Solubility and hemolytic activity of uranium trioxide. PMID- 41705 TI - The effects of organic and inorganic lead and mercury on neurotransmitter high affinity transport and release mechanisms. PMID- 41706 TI - Immunological function in mice chronically exposed to nitrogen oxides (NOx). PMID- 41707 TI - Semiautomated enzymic microassay for plasma L-alanine. AB - Plasma L-alanine is deaminated by bacterial alanine-dehydrogenase; the resulting ammonia is dialyzed out and measured by use of a continuous flow phenol hypochlorite colorimetric microassay. Concentrations in the range of 10-1,000 mumol alanine/l can be determined in a 50-microliter sample. The optimal conditions for the assay are specified. Study of the analytical qualities of the technique shows high specificity, good reproducibility , and a detection limit of 6 mumol/l. Usual values in human plasma from arterial or venous blood are respectively 296 +/- 166 and 376 +/- 214 mumol alanine/l (x +/- 2 SD). The usual values in rats are close to those found in man. PMID- 41708 TI - Glycogen synthase kinase-2 and phosphorylase kinase are the same enzyme. PMID- 41709 TI - Properties of multiple molecular forms of alpha-galactosidase and alpha-N acetylgalactosaminidase from normal and Fabry leukocytes. PMID- 41710 TI - Involvement of an arginyl residue in the catalytic activity of myosin heads. AB - 1. Phenylglyoxal reacts rapidly with isolated myosin heads (subfragment 1) and induces two successive and distinguishable effects on their enzymic properties: first, a twofold activation of the Ca2+ and Mg2+-dependent ATPases with no effect onthe K+-ATPase followed by inhibition of the K+, Ca2+ and actin-activated Mg2+ ATPases. A specific protein-reagent reagent complex is formed during the second phase of the modification reaction (Ki approximately 5 x 10(-3) M). 2. ADP and ATP with or without cations provide efficient protection only against the loss of ATPase activities, suggesting that the second inhibitory process is occurring at or close to the active site. 3. On the basis of [14C]phenylglyoxal-labelling experiments and the composition of modified subfragment-1 derivatives, it is demonstrated that the sequential modification of two reactive arginyl residues is responsible for the observed activation-inhibition phenomena. Blocking of the first reactive residue produces a shift in the pH/activity curves related to the Ca2+ and Mg2+-dependent ATPases with an apparent activation effect. Modification of the second guanidino group does not destroy the affinity of the protein for the nucleotide substrates but does alter the nucleotide binding site as reflected in the inability of Mg2+. ATP to dissociate the modified subfragment-1--actin complex. It is concluded that electrostatic interactions between this positively charged group and the negatively charged ATP and ADP molecules may be critical for the hydrolytic efficiency of myosin heads. 4. After dissociation and separation of the polypeptide constituents of the protein in acetic acid medium, both labelled sites are found to reside in the heavy chain. PMID- 41711 TI - Bovine serum chitinase. AB - 1. A glycol-chitin-splitting enzyme without lysozyme (muramidase) activity has been found in calf serum. The enzyme also degrades colloidal chitin and is thus a true chitinase, 1,4-beta-poly-N-acetylglucosaminidase, without exo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase effect. 2. The enzyme is purified 1000-fold by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Its optimal activity is between pH 1.5-2.0 with glycol chitin and between pH 3-6 in a rather broad optimum with colloidal chitin as substrate. The optimal stability of the enzyme is in the pH interval 3.0-6.5 when tested by incubation with glycol chitin at 50 degrees C for 60 min. The optimal temperature for the degradation of glycol chitin is 40 degrees C when assayed at pH 1.5 and 51 degrees C when assayed at pH 3.5. 3. The enzyme is activated by moderate heating at pH 6.5. The highest relative activity, 135% is reached after 45 min incubation at 30 degrees C, pH 5 or after 30 min at 40, pH 2.4. By incubation with small amounts of trypsin at pH 6.5 at 3m degrees C the enzyme was temporarily activated. 4. The isoelectric point, pH 5.3, and the molecular weight, 47,000 +/- 3,000 were determined by respectively isoelectric focusing and gel filtration. 5. The Michaelis-Menten constant, Km = 0.76 +/- 0.05 (S.E.) mg/ml, was measured with glycol chitin as substrate. PMID- 41712 TI - The pH dependence of the binding of D-glycerate 2,3-bisphosphate to deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin. Determination of the number of binding sites in oxyhemoglobin. AB - The number of Bohr protons released upon oxygenation has been measured over a large range of human hemoglobin concentrations (0.02 to 4.5 mM) in the presence of equimolar amounts of D-glycerate 2,3-bisphosphate. From these data the association constants for the binding of this organic phosphate to deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin were calculated at different pH values. The maximum number of protons absorbed upon binding to oxyhemoglobin was determined as well. The maximum number of protons bound to deoxyhemoglobin upon binding of D glycerate 2,3-bisphosphate was measured independently. From the pH dependence of the association constants and the maximum number of protons absorbed it could be concluded that only one D-glycerate 2,3-bisphosphate can be bound to both deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin. PMID- 41713 TI - Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance/pH-titration studies of the histidines of pancreatic phospholipase A2. AB - The study by means of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) of the histidines of phospholipase A2 isolated from porcine, bovine and equine pancreas is reported. Assignment of the histidine resonances was achieved by comparison of different enzymes and the use of paramagnetic probes. pH titration curves for various histidyl resonances were obtained and compared in the presence and absence of calcium. Calcium is shown to lower the pKa of the active site histidine. The NMR results are compared with the known X-ray three-dimensional structure for the bovine enzyme. PMID- 41714 TI - The role of growth hormone, dexamethasone and triiodothyronine in the regulation of glutamine synthetase in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. PMID- 41715 TI - Procollagen processing. Limited proteolysis of COOH-terminal extension peptides by a cathepsin-like protease secreted by tendon fibroblasts. AB - An enzymatic activity, capable of removing the COOH-terminal extensions of type I chick procollagen, has been demonstrated in embryonic chick tendons and in cultured tendon fibroblasts utilizing two new methods of analysis. The protease was purified by a combination of ultrafiltration concanavalin A affinity chromatography and gel filtration. The isolated protein has an apparent Mr of 43,000 by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The enzyme shows a major pH optimum at 4.2 and is susceptible to inhibitors such as pepstatin and leupeptin; it therefore seems related to the cathepsins. The possibility that this enzyme plays a role in the limited proteolytic processing of procollagen is discussed. PMID- 41716 TI - Thermostable endogenous inhibitors of cathepsins B and H. PMID- 41717 TI - Metabolic acidosis in patients receiving anticonvulsants. AB - Blood pH, bicarbonate, PCO2, serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase and red cell carbonic anhydrase were measured in 37 selected patients receiving anticonvulsants. Patients with metabolic acidosis showed a high incidence of hypocalcemia with increased alkaline phosphatase and a significant reduction of carbonic anhydrase-B activity. High iPTH levels were found in 13 patients, but this was not correlated with acid-base balance status. Anticonvulsant drugs seemed to inactive carbonic anhydrase-B activity. Metabolic acidosis might be one of the factors causing a disturbance of calcium metabolism in these patients. PMID- 41718 TI - 10th Round Table Symposium on Applied Immunology.Axams/Tirol, January 19-23, 1979: abstracts. PMID- 41719 TI - The effect of hyperthermia on activation of lysosomal enzymes in HeLa cells. PMID- 41720 TI - Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the blood pressure rebound to sodium nitroprusside in the conscious rat. AB - Intravenous infusions of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) at doses of 20, 40 or 80 micrograms/kg min-1 for 30 min produced dose-related decrements in blood pressure in conscious rats fitted with indwelling aortic and vena caval catheters. Immediately upon termination of SNP infusions, blood pressure rebounded to levels which were significantly above pre-SNP control values. The following evidence indicates that the rebound increase in blood pressure was due to increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system: (1) plasma renin activity was increased approximately four-fold by SNP, (2) rebound did not occur in nephrectomized rats, (3) rebound was markedly attenuated in animals treated with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, SQ14225, (D-3-mercapto-2-methylpropanoyl-L-proline) and (4) beta-adrenergic receptor blockade with propranolol reduced the rebound response. In addition, the magnitude of the rebound following SNP infusions was directly related to the dose of SNP infused. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that renin accumulates during SNP infusion more rapidly than it is metabolized. Consequently, the accumulated renin elicits a hypertensive response when SNP treatment is withdrawn. PMID- 41721 TI - Effect of depletion of brain catecholamines on ethanol tolerance and dependence. PMID- 41722 TI - A methodological weakness in the use of neuroleptic antagonism as a sole criterion for DAergic mediation of drug-induced behavioural effects. AB - Contralateral rotational behavior following unilateral injections of the GABA agonist muscimol (100 ng) or the GABA analogue baclofen (1 microgram) into the zona reticulata of the rat substantia nigra was moderately attenuated by pretreatment with haloperidol (0.4 mg/kg i.p.), but not by destruction of ipsilateral dopamine (DA) neurons induced with 6-hydroxydopamine. Antagonism by neuroleptics can erroneously indicate DAergic mechanisms in the behavioural effects of drugs if used as a sole criterion. PMID- 41723 TI - Mezilamine, a new dopamine antagonist, blocks presynaptic but stimulates postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors. PMID- 41724 TI - The renal effects of clonidine in unanesthetized rats. AB - Clonidine s.c. (0.01-0.3 mg/kg), in unanesthetized rats, caused an initial rise (+20 mm Hg), followed by a continuous fall of BP and a dose-dependent natriuresis and diuresis for up to 2 h. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (CIn) increased during the first 20 min, while effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) (CPAH) remained normal. Subsequently, between 20 and 60 min after injection, ERPF (CPAH) decreased considerably while GFR had reverted to its normal value. In saline infused rats clonidine diuresis was accompanied by an "inappropriate" positive free water clearance. Pentobarbital anesthesia suppressed the initial BP peak and the diuresis. Phenoxybenzamine (1 mg/kg i.v.) was antinatriuretic in saline diuresis; the effect of phenoxybenzamine + clonidine on diuresis and salt excretion represented the sum of the effects of both drugs, but phenoxybenzamine enhanced the clonidine-induced increase of GFR. Neither haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.v.) nor bulbocapnine (3 mg/kg i.v.) interfered with the renal effects of clonidine. Clonidine s.c. caused hyperglycemia and glucosuria which did not account for the natriuresis. Clonidine thus appears to increase the GFR and "filtration fraction" (FF) by a phenoxybenzamine-insensitive rise of glomerular ultrafiltration, to depress ERPF by alpha-adrenergic afferent vasoconstriction, to induce natriuresis by a tubular action not blocked by phenoxybenzamine and to exert an antivasopressin effect, either by depressing pituitary vasopressin secretion or the renal response to vasopressin. PMID- 41725 TI - Antiulcer activity of hypertonic solutions in the rat: possible role of prostaglandins. AB - The effects of hypertonic solutions on gastric acidity and on experimental gastric and duodenal ulcers as well as on gastric prostaglandins (PGs) were studied in the rat. The oral administration of a 10% NaCl solution resulted in complete absence of free acidity and very significant reductions in total acidity 24 h after pyloric ligation. The antiulcer effect of hypertonic saline was studied in three experimental models. In pyloric-ligated rats, both the incidence and the severity of gastric ulcers were remarkably reduced by hypertonic saline treatment. Indomethacin-induced gastric erosions were significantly reduced by hypertonic NaCl or sorbitol and completely prevented by hypertonic xylitol. Cysteamine-induced duodenal ulcers were also significantly reduced by hypertonic solutions of NaCl, xylitol or sorbitol. In the latter model, indomethacin potentiated the ulcerogenic effect of cysteamine and also reduced the efficacy of the hypertonic NaCl gavage. The possible contribution of PGs to these effects was further investigated by analysing PGE in the gastric mucosa and juice. Rats treated orally with hypertonic NaCl solutions had several-fold higher PGE contents in their gastric mucosa as well as higher PGE levels in the gastric juice. It is concluded that hypertonic solutions stimulate endogenous PGE biosynthesis and also exert profound antiulcer effects in the rat. A causal relationship between the two phenomena is suggested. PMID- 41726 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants: potent blockade of histamine H1 receptors of guinea pig ileum. AB - Six tricyclic antidepressants were tested for their ability to antagonize histamine actions at histamine H1 receptors in a bioassay for these receptors (histamine-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum). All compounds were competitive antagonists with equilibrium dissociation constants in the range of 5.6 x 10(-11) M to 1.5 x 10(-7) M. Doxepin hydrochloride and amitriptyline hydrochloride were the most potent compounds of the series and may be the most potent antihistamines known. Antagonism at histamine H1 receptors by these compounds may explain their sedative effects. PMID- 41727 TI - Correlation between the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity and the decrease in serotonin content in the rat locus coeruleus after 5,6 dihydroxytryptamine. AB - A correlation is demonstrated between the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity and the decrease in serotonin concentration in the rat locus coeruleus after various doses of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine and gradual protection of serotonin neurons by pretreatment with two serotonin uptake inhibitors: fluoxetine or citalopram. PMID- 41728 TI - Reticuloendothelial system (RES) phagocytic depression in shock is ameliorated by H1-receptor antihistamines. PMID- 41729 TI - Inhibition by alpha-adrenoceptor agonists of renin release in vitro. AB - A variety of alpha-adrenergic agonists encompassing a broad range of concentrations were used to investigate the existence and nature of a putative alpha-adrenergic mechanism inhibitory to renin release, which may operate at the level of the juxtaglomerular apparatus. For this purpose rat renal cortical tissue incubated in vitro was used. Concentrations of noradrenaline, adrenaline and methoxamine of 10(-6), 10(-5), 10(-4) and 10(-3) M caused significant dose related inhibition of renin release. The inhibition of release by these doses was reversed completely by 10(-4) M phentolamine. In contrast, phenylephrine, oxymetazoline and clonidine did not inhibit renin release. The results support the concept of an alpha-adrenergic mechanism inhibitory to renin release and show that high concentrations of alpha-adrenergic agonist are required for its operation in vitro. The manner in which this inhibitory mechanism affects renin release under physiological circumstances remains to be demonstrated. PMID- 41730 TI - Dopamine agonist-induced hyperglycemia in rats: effects of lergotrile mesylate. AB - Lergotrile and apomorphine, two direct-acting dopamine agonists, caused marked hyperglycemia in fasted rats, while compounds which release endogenous dopamine (amphetamine, methylphenidate) or inhibit dopamine reuptake (LR5182), failed to elevate blood glucose. The effect of lergotrile was dose dependent, causing blood glucose to rise 3-fold above resting levels at 5 mg/kg (i.p.). Blood glucose increased prior to the onset of the behavioral signs of dopamine stimulation. The effect of lergotrile was attenuated by phentolamine, propranolol or butaclamol. Adrenalectomy also prevented lergotrile-induced hyperglycemia. These data indicate that hyperglycemia is not a property of all compounds that cause dopaminergic effects. The action of lergotrile might be indirect, perhaps mediated through release of catecholamines from the adrenal glands. PMID- 41731 TI - The role of regulation of cell speed in the behavior of Physarum polycephalum amoebae. PMID- 41732 TI - Carbonic anhydrase activity in developing sea urchin embryos. PMID- 41733 TI - Ethanolamine attack of the bovine rhodopsin chromophore. PMID- 41734 TI - Dopamine stimulation of passive permeability and secretion in the isolated rabbit ciliary epithelium. PMID- 41735 TI - Amphotericin B induced structural changes of the erythrocyte membrane. AB - Incubation of human erythrocytes in isotonic NaCl-sucrose medium with a relative high concentration of amphotericin B results in the occurrence of distinct structures on the membrane faces as visible by freeze-fracturing. Such kind of structures is known to be formed by phase separation of the lipid components (domain formation). The induction of phase separation is considered to be an additional effect of amphotericin B. PMID- 41736 TI - Direct measurement of the pH in the stomach of the conscious rat, using a special electrode. AB - The construction and use of a specially designed electrode to measure gastric pH in the conscious rat is described. Measurement of gastric hydrogen ion activity with this device is rapid and reproducible in starved rats. A dose-related increase of gastric pH was obtained after s.c. injection of the anticholinergic isopropamide. PMID- 41737 TI - [Medazepam tablets: dissolution rate]. PMID- 41738 TI - Effect of cycloxilic acid administration on ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis. Controlled clinical trial. PMID- 41739 TI - Intravenous cimetidine and methylxanthines stimulated gastric acid secretion in man. PMID- 41740 TI - In vitro and in vivo effects of alclofenac on platelet aggregation: correlation with plasma levels in man. PMID- 41741 TI - Resolution of specific histidine resonances in the 360 MHz 1H NMR spectrum of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a 145 000 molecular weight protein, by photo-CIDNP. PMID- 41742 TI - Characterization of acidic 60 S ribosomal proteins in Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 41743 TI - Ultrastructural localization of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in rat kidney and jejunum. PMID- 41744 TI - [Experience in introducing the elements of scientific work organization into the operation of an epidemiological health station]. PMID- 41745 TI - [Interaction of noradrenaline and alpha-adrenoblockers with lymphoid cells]. PMID- 41746 TI - [Liberation of labelled L-glutamic acid from rat neostriatum upon stimulation of the frontal cortex during in vivo experiments]. PMID- 41747 TI - Multiple forms of rabbit lung indoleamine-N-methyltransferase. PMID- 41748 TI - Influence of DL-ethionine on the induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in the rat liver. PMID- 41749 TI - The International Confederation of Midwives: an overview. PMID- 41750 TI - Recognition and regulation of midwives. AB - There is an urgent need for internaltion standards for the recognition, training and licensure of midwives. It is important for obstetricians to use their influence constructively to help meet the need. PMID- 41751 TI - The role of traditional birth attendants in family planning programs in Southeast Asia. AB - The training and utilization of traditional birth attendants (TBAs) in maternal and child health and family planning programs in Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia are discussed. Special efforts to organize and train TBAs for family planning in Malaysia are examined in detail. Import factors for successful utilization of TBAs include: (a) definite assignment of functions and tasks, (b) organization of good operational steps and (c) implementation of good supervisory activities. PMID- 41752 TI - The midwife as a counselor on nutrition. AB - Amid divided opinion among professionals about the effect of nutrition on the outcome of pregnancy, one indisputable fact which emerges is that a good diet is essential during pregnancy and lactation. The role of the midwife in counseling and educating pregnant women on their own and their babies' nutritional need is discussed. PMID- 41753 TI - Progress and problems in the care of mother and baby. AB - The expanded role of the midwife as accepted practice is cited as an element contributing to improvement. A plea is made for a simplified system of recording perinatal events which would lead to a better study of progress and problems in the care of mother and baby. PMID- 41754 TI - The midwife and the family unit. AB - The activities of the midwife dealing with home deliveries or working in a ward and her relationship with pregnant women are discussed. PMID- 41755 TI - The Royal College of Midwives: past, present and future. PMID- 41756 TI - The midwife in Indonesia. AB - In Indonesia, where a large percentage of the population lives in rural areas, the traditional midwife or dukun is essential in the field of obstetrics. Means to further her knowledge and improve her skills so that the population at large may benefit are discussed. PMID- 41757 TI - Community health and the midwife. PMID- 41758 TI - The use of paramedics in family planning services in Iran. AB - In the Family Planning Department of Farah Maternity Hospital, from 1968 to 1976, paramedics were trained to administer all reversible methods of family planning and pregnancy termination up to ten weeks and to perform a limited number of abdominal and vaginal tubectomies (1). From 1974 to 1976, all the above methods, except tubal ligation, were performed satisfactorily on 460 417 acceptors at a clinic not located in the hospital. The complication rate of 1%-5% was the same whether the procedures were performed by paramedics or by physicians. The project has been economical. It has been accepted by both patients and paramedics and has freed doctors to carry out other work. PMID- 41759 TI - Genital tumor as a presenting symptom of renal hypernephroma: a case report. AB - A case of hypernephroma is presented in which the initial finding was heavy bleeding from a vaginal tumor. Fewer than 90 cases of genital metastases in males or females have previously been reported. PMID- 41760 TI - Reversal of vasectomy. AB - Vasovasostomy to reverse a previous vasectomy for sterilization was attempted for 27 men, the procedure being technically impossible in only one case. A testicular biopsy was performed at the time of operation and a number were investigated for cell-mediated immunity to sperm and for the presence of circulating sperm agglutinating and cytotoxic antibodies. The first 17 cases have been studied and of these there have been 11 pregnancies, ten of which have already come to term with the birth of normal infants, including one set of twins. Of the rest, two are known to have oligozoospermia and four have been lost to follow-up, although two of them were euspermic when last examined. In spite of these encouraging results, it is considered that there are no grounds for alterning the present basis of vasectomy counseling which is that the operation is likely to be irreversible. PMID- 41761 TI - Serum cholesterol and hemoglobin levels and calorie requirements in pregnant Nigerian women. AB - A study conducted on 50 healthy senior staff wives (socioeconomic group 1) and 63 healthy junior staff wives (socioeconomic group 2) attending the antenatal clinic at the University of Ife Health Center showed marked differences in the level of serum cholesterol and hemoglobin between the two groups. It was also found that women in group 2 took 6.8% of their total calorie requirements as fat and group 1 women took 12.0% of their total calorie requirements as fat. PMID- 41762 TI - Maternal mortality in an Israeli hospital: a review of 23 years. AB - In spite of great strides in obstetrics, maternal mortality has been completely eliminated. Possible changes in the causes of mortality are examined for three periods of time (1954-1961, 1962-1971 and 1972-1976). The overall incidence was 3.6/10 000, changing through the three periods from 4.9 to 4.3 and finally to 3.0/10 000. Vascular accidents were the cause of death in almost one third of the cases, emerging as the most important etiologic factor. Older age and higher parity did not seem to influence the incidence of obstetric deaths. Cesarean section was involved in ten of 23 cases in which the death was directly related to the pregnancy and delivery. In six patients there was a rupture of the uterus. The number of preventable deaths has decreased steady, but research into the problem of vascular accidents and dampening of the enthusiasm for cesarean sections may further improve the situation. PMID- 41763 TI - Loss of beat-to-beat variability and a negative oxytocin challenge test: an ominous prognostic sign. AB - The reputation of the predictive accuracy of a negative oxytocin challenge test (OCT) has been somewhat tarnished by recent sporadic reports of intrauterine fetal death relatively soon after a negative OCT. We have analyzed probable causes and the possibilities of reducing to a minimum "false-negative" results of the OCT. In particular, several of these reports did not take into account the loss of baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) variability recorded during the OCT and, in the absence of late decelerations, the OCT was interpreted as negative. We suggest that recordings showing a loss of baseline beat-to-beat FHR variability and a negative OCT illustrate a complete inability of the fetus to react to any stimulus and that, in these cases, a negative OCT should in no way be reassuring, but rather a warning sign of severe fetal compromise. Two cases are presented to illustrate this phenomenon. PMID- 41764 TI - The endodermal sinus tumor: special features. AB - Eight cases of endermal sinus tumor, two extragonadal and six gonadal, seen at the American University of Beirut are reviewed. Three of them present special clinical and pathologic features that further substantiate the extraembryonic origin of this teratoid tumor and its association with dysgenetic gonads. We consider the two histologic types, endodermal sinus pattern and polyvesicular vitelline architecture, to be part of the same tumor. The prognosis in this series was unfavorable. PMID- 41765 TI - Fetal absorption of 3H-leucine injected into the amniotic sacs of pregnants rats. AB - When injected into the amniotic sacs of fetal rats in late pregnancy, 3H-leucine is rapidly absorbed and incorporated into fetal proteins as determined by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Peak values in the fetal liver and pancreas occur around four hours after injection. Approximately 21% of the radioisotope is retained in the injected fetus at 24 hours. The remainder escapes into the maternal circulation and accounts for a gradual increase in levels in noninjected fetuses from the same litter and for persistently high counts found in maternal serum as late as 24 hours after the injection. Specific activity of the radioisotope in fetal tissues is considerably higher (100- to 200-fold) when 3H leucine is injected inth the amniotic sac rather than intravenously into the mother. The possible treatment of various fetal disorders by means of intra amniotic injections is discussed. PMID- 41766 TI - Birth weight, gestational age and other indices of fetal maturity. AB - A number of indices for evaluating the maturity of the newborn were studied. Indices of anthropometric, anatomic, reflex and physiologic development were examined to evaluate their association with birth weight and gestational age; the validity of these diagnostic indices is discussed. Studies are recommended to establish a maturity score to identify high-risk infants at birth. PMID- 41767 TI - Correlation of ominous fetal heart rate pattern and scalp blood pH with one minute Apgar score. AB - Fetal minitoring data were analyzed in 176 labors that developed ominous fetal heart rate deceleration patterns (FHRDP) during the two hours prior to delivery in an effort to identify how neonatal condition could be most accurately predicted. It was found that ominous FHRDP corresponded to a one-minute Apgar score of 6 or less in only 15.3% of cases. When patterns with fetal scalp blood pHs (FSBpH) of less than or equal to 7.20 (n = 18) were considered, 44.4% had an Apgar score of 6 or less. Mean Apgar scores for those neonates who had a pH of less than or equal to 7.20 were significantly less than the mean Apgar score of the control group (p less than 0.001 for all deceleration types). The result reveals that FSBpH has a better predictive value than FHRDP alone for neonatal depression. It is suggested that, as soon as ominous FHRDP occurs during labor, FSBpH be performed to assess not only fetal status but also to predict neonatal outcome. PMID- 41768 TI - Current status of immunologic pregnancy tests. AB - Information about the mechanism of various pregnancy tests is summarized. The sensitivity of these tests as well as their advantages and limitations in a clinical setting are presented and evaluated in an effort to maximize their usefulness in a clinical setting. PMID- 41769 TI - Recessive congenital myotonia and pregnancy. AB - There is a group of genetic disorders of muscle associated with myotonia. Congenital myotonia, usually a benign disorder and myotonic dystrophy, potentially a serious disorder, belong to this group. Uterine recordings during labor in patients with congenital myotonia have not been previously reported. These records have been abnormal in patients with myotonic dystrophy which has been associated with serious obstetric complications. A case of congenital myotonia in pregnancy is reported. The record of uterine contractions was normal. Although the patient delivered a stillborn male, the etiology of the intrauterine fetal demise is obscure. PMID- 41770 TI - Obituary: Prof Leonid Semionovitch Persianinov. PMID- 41771 TI - Professional interrelationship: the midwife and the physician. PMID- 41772 TI - The role of the professional midwife. PMID- 41773 TI - Introduction: marihuana and the cell. PMID- 41774 TI - Marihuana biological effects. Analysis, metabolism, cellular responses, reproduction and brain. Proceedings of the Satellite Symposium of the 7th Interantional Congress of Pharmacology, Paris, 22--23 July 1978. PMID- 41775 TI - Cannabis and brain-stimulation reward. PMID- 41776 TI - Determination of the catalytic groups of intestinal brush-border sucrase by pH variation studies [proceedings]. PMID- 41777 TI - Evidence for a model of regeneration of a protonated species, bR, from a phototransient, M, in the photochemical cycle of bacteriorhodopsin from Halobacterium halobium [proceedings]. PMID- 41778 TI - Photorespiratory nitrogen cycling: evidence for a mitochondrial glutamine synthetase [proceedings]. PMID- 41779 TI - Hydrogen-dependent proton translocation by membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli [proceedings]. PMID- 41780 TI - Comparative aspects of the energetics of oxidative phosphorylation in bacteria and mitochondria. PMID- 41781 TI - Stoicheiometry of charge and proton translocation in mitochondria: steady-state measurement of charge/O and P/O ratios. PMID- 41782 TI - Mechanism and stoicheiometry of redox-linked proton translocation in mitochondria. PMID- 41783 TI - Respiratory-chain protonmotive stoicheiometry. PMID- 41784 TI - Control of NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase activity in the mussel Mytilus edulis L [proceedings]. PMID- 41785 TI - Transglutaminase activity in human erythrocytes stored for transfusion: relationship to spectrin depletion in the microvesicles that form during the aging process in vitro [proceedings]. PMID- 41786 TI - Human intestinal brush-border sucrase: mechanism of sodium ion activation below pH7 [proceedings]. PMID- 41787 TI - Ionic effects on the transport of sugars in rat liver lysosomes [proceedings]. PMID- 41788 TI - The occurrence of a distinct high molecular weight form of serum non-suppressible insulin-like activity. AB - Gel filtration of acromegalic or normal serum at acid pH gave two distinct species of non-suppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA), one of high MW and the other of low MW (approximately 7000 daltons). The acid-stable high MW form remained high MW on rechromatography in acid. Gel filtration of serum at neutral pH however, gave only high MW activity, which remained high MW when rechromatographed under neutral conditions but split into both high and low MW forms when rechromatographed in acid. These results indicate that there are at least two circulating forms of NSILA--a low MW form which circulates in serum bound to a carrier protein in an acid-labile high MW complex and a species which circulates only as a stable, discrete high MW protein. PMID- 41789 TI - Acid release following activation of surf clam (Spisula solidissima) eggs. PMID- 41790 TI - Induction of amphibian oocyte maturation by polyvalent cations and alkaline pH in the absence of potassium ions. PMID- 41791 TI - Health admin. grads look at multi-unit management. PMID- 41792 TI - The isolation of the infection control officer. PMID- 41793 TI - Report from the O.H.A. convention. PMID- 41794 TI - Reduction of cinerulose in aclacinomycin-A by soluble and microsomal cinerulose reductases. AB - The in vitro metabolism of the antitumor anthracycline antibiotic, aclacinomycin A, was studied using rat liver homogenate. In the presence of NADH or NADPH, aclacinomycin-A was converted to aclacinomycin-A analogs, MA144 M1 and MA144 N1, which were stereospecifically reduced at the keto group of the C-4''' position of L-cinerulose in aclacinomycin-A. Subcellular fractionation indicated that the production of MA144 M1, which was reduced to L-amicetose, was catalyzed by NADPH dependent soluble cinerulose reductase I, and the production of MA144 N1, which was reduced to L-rhodinose, was catalyzed by NADPH-dependent soluble cinerulose reductase II and NADH-dependent microsomal cinerulose reductase. The properties of these three enzymes were studied. Soluble cinerulose reductase I which produces MA144 M1 showed a optimum pH at 6.3, Km values of 3.3 x 10(-4) M for aclacinomycin-A and 3.2 x 10(-5) M for NADPH. Soluble cinerulose reductase II which produces MA144 N1 showed a pH optimum at 6.3 and Km values of 2.0 x 10(-3) M for aclacinomycin-A and 4.0 x 10(-5) M for NADPH. All thesse reductases were sensitive to sulfhydryl reagents and were inhibited by vitamin K3. Microsomal cinerulose reductase showed sensitivity to diconmarol and ferrous ion. The main nondegradative pathways of aclacinomycin-A were discussed from these results. PMID- 41795 TI - Reduction of anthracycline glycoside by NADPH--cytochrome P-450 reductase. AB - The in vitro degradation of the new antitumor anthracycline antibiotic, aclacinomycin-A, was studied using rat liver homogenate. In the presence of NADH or NADPH, the glycosidic bond at C-7 position of aclacinomycin-A was reductively cleaved to produce 7-deoxyaklavinone and 7-deoxyaklavinone dimer, MA144 E1. Subcellular fractionation indicated that most of the enzyme activity was present in the microsomal fraction and required anaerobic condition and NADPH. The purified enzyme reduced the glycosidic metabolites, MA144 M1 and MA144 N1, as well as aclacinomycin-A. The optimum pH for the anthracycline glycoside reductase reaction using aclacinomycin-A as substrate was 7.4. The enzyme was sigmoidally saturated with aclacinomycin-A and showed the concentration of 1.2 x 10(-4) M required for half maximal activity, and Km value of 7.7 x 10(-5) M for NADPH. The degradative pathway of aclacinomycin-A and its glycosidic metabolites was discussed. PMID- 41796 TI - [Effect of plasmid F'Col+trp+ on the transfer of plasmid RP4]. AB - Interaction of conjugative plasmids F'colV colB trp and PR4 in Escherichia coli host was studied during the transfer of the plasmids from cell to cell. The plasmid F'colV colB trp is found to stimulate the transfer of RP4 from the diplasmid strain. This seems to be due to stabilization of the conjugating pairs which require normal pili coded by the plasmid F'colV colB trp. PMID- 41797 TI - Blood vessel wall interactions in thrombogenesis. Symposium, Leiden, March 6-7, 1979. PMID- 41798 TI - Modified diagram of Davenport for the assessment of acid-base disorders. PMID- 41799 TI - Activation of proteolytic enzymes during autolysis of disintegrated baker's yeast. AB - Disintegration substantially accelerates autolysis of yeast cells. Three proteases (A, B, and C) take part in the autolytic process, protease A being the activator of the other two enzymes. The role of proteases B and C in the process depends on temperature. At 40 degrees C both proteases are active while at 50 degrees C the major role is played by protease C. At 40 degrees C NaCl acts as inhibitor while at 50 degrees C it activates the process. PMID- 41800 TI - Biochemical mechanism of nitrofurantoin resistance in Vibrio el tor. AB - Vibrio el tor cells contain a constitutive reductase enzyme which converts nitrofurantoin to an active principle that is responsible for the observed antibacterial activity of the drug. Acquisition of resistance of this strain towards nitrofurantoin is associated with the loss of this reductase. This enzyme is located in the periplasmic region of the nitrofurantoin-sensitive cells, and seems to play an important role in transporting the drug into the cells. PMID- 41801 TI - The forensic identification of semen by isoelectric focusing of seminal acid phosphatase. AB - An isoelectric focusing technique for the separation of acid phosphatases is described. The focusing patterns for semen and vaginal secretion are examined in detail and the technique is evaluated as a means of identifying and distinguishing between these body fluids and other materials of potential forensic interest. The method can reliably be used to diagnose the presence of semen in stains and in the post-coital vagina. PMID- 41802 TI - [Iatrogenic heart failure]. PMID- 41803 TI - [Therapeutic experiences with clotiazepam (Trecalmo), a new anxiolytic drug from the thienodiazepine group. Results of a field study on 186 patients]. AB - The efficacy and the compatibility of the new anxiolytic Trecalmo (Clotiazepam) were investigated by means of a field trial covering 186 patients, suffering from anxiety and tension as well as from psychosomatic disorders. The new drug proved to be remarkably effective in symptoms as anxiety, restlessness, irritations, tension headache as well as functional cardiovascular diseases and digestive disorders. The compatibility was good. PMID- 41804 TI - 28. Konferenz der Gesellschaft fur Biologische Chemie. Protein folding. Held in Regensburg 10th--12th September 1979. PMID- 41805 TI - Recombinant DNA. Third Symposium on Molecular Biology. Federal Republic of Germany--Soviet Union. Munchen, 17.--19. September 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 41806 TI - Studies on the hydrolysis of 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in subcellular fractions of rat brain. AB - The formation of 1-alkylglycerol from 1-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine in different cell fractions of rat brain is reported. The substrates used were labelled either with 14C or 3H in the alkyl residue or with 14C in the alkyl and 3H in the ethanolamine residue. The examination of the lipid- and water-soluble cleavage products showed that both ethanolamine and phosphoethanolamine are liberated from the substrate in the microsomal fraction of 14-day-old rat brain. The latter product is rapidly hydrolyzed. In comparison with other cell fractions, the microsomes contained the highest enzyme activities, which exhibited a pH optimum of 7.1--7.5. SH-group reagents are inhibitors, whereas diisopropylfluorophosphate has no effect. As the animals age, these enzyme activities decrease in brain homogenates. PMID- 41807 TI - Ethyl bromoacetimidate, a NH2-specific heterobifunctional reagent. Model reactions with ribonuclease. AB - Ethyl bromoacetimidate was designed as a potential reagent for cross-linking protein NH2 groups with a vicinal nucleophile. The chemical properties of this compound were studied by model reactions with small molecules. Ethyl bromoacetimidate amidinates lysine residues in ribonuclease at pH 9. In a second step, at lower pH values, one of the bromoacetamidino groups bound to the enzyme alkylates a proximal histidine residue. This substitution is pH-dependent with a sharp optimum at 5.6, the same as was earlier observed for alkylation of histidine-119: histidine-12 by halogenoacetates and halogenoacetamides. A common mechanism is suggested for all these types of alkylation. Ethyl bromoacetimidate thus appears as a short-distance crosslinker which can be used, for example, to explore chemically the microenvironment of an essential lysine residue of an enzyme within the active site. PMID- 41808 TI - Quantification of non-specific immunosuppressive factors. AB - A simple, reproducible and quantitative method for evaluating certain non specific immunological inhibitors in a variety of biological fluids is described. Human lymphocytes were stimulated with PHA in the presence of colchicine. Phytohaemagglutinin stimulated a large percentage of cells and colchicine's selective blockage of mitosis limited the stimulated cells to one S phase. These conditions effectively established a maximum amount of DNA synthesis within each culture. Quantification of suppression was then achieved by measuring a decrease from this maximum. The PHA-colchicine assay was successfully used to quantify inhibition by normal plasma, normal mouse sera, mouse neonate sera, murine Ehrlich's and sarcoma I ascitic fluids and an immunoregulatory alpha-globulin peptide preparation. Because of the ability to obtain a specific inhibitory activity for the suppressive factors, this assay was particularly suited for following the isolation of inhibitors during the fractionation of suppressive substances from complex fluids. PMID- 41809 TI - Influence of extracellular pH on cardiodepressant activity of narcotics. PMID- 41810 TI - Abstracts of an international symposium on viral hepatitis, 5-7 April 1979, Munich. PMID- 41812 TI - Studies on trimethoprim/sulphonamide developments. Proceedings of a Symposium. 19 -23 September, 1978, Corfu, Greece. PMID- 41811 TI - Anaerobic isolates in chronic recurrent suppurative otitis media. Treatment with carbenicillin alone and in combination with gentamicin. AB - Tympanocentesis was performed in 32 pediatric patients with chronic recurrent suppurative otitis media. The aspirate was cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Aerobes were isolated from ten patients (31.2%); anaerobes from one patient; and both aerobes and anaerobes from 21 patients (65.6%). There were 46 aerobic isolates. The aerobes commonly recovered were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24 isolates) Proteus sp. (5) and Staphylococcus aureus (3). There were 32 anaerobes isolated including anaerobic gram-positive cocci (19 isolates) and Bacteroides sp., the latter of which included Bacteroides fragilis group and Bacteroides melaninogenicus (9). The patients were treated by parenteral carbenicillin 300 to 400 mg per kg per day given in four dosages administered for a period of 12 to 21 days (average 17 days). An aminoglycoside (gentamicin) was added in 15 patients. The clinical response was good in 17 patients and poor in 15. There were no side effects or adverse reactions noted during therapy. The above findings demonstrate the polymicrobial etiology of chronic recurrent suppurative otitis media and suggest that treatment directed against the aerobic and anaerobic isolates is efficacious in more than half of the cases. PMID- 41814 TI - [Point blank: more than an apprentice physician]. PMID- 41813 TI - Studies on aminopenicillin developments. Proceedings of a symposium. 19--23 September, 1978. Corfu, Greece. PMID- 41815 TI - Hemodynamic characterization of bufuralol-HCl and pindolol based on the competitive effects of isoproterenol. AB - In this hemodynamic study a new beta-receptor blocker, Bufuralol-hydrochloride was compared with Pindolol under an Isoproterenol infusion with increasing doses in healthy male volunteers. We found the following results: 1. Before Isoproterenol peripheral resistance increased after acute i.v. application of Pindolol but decreased after Bufuralol-hydrochloride i.v. application. 2. After beta-receptor blockade with either Bufuralol-hydrochloride or with Pindolol a shift to the right of the dose effect relationship concerning heart rate and cardiac output under Isoproterenol infusion was observed, indicating beta 1 blockade. 3. The reduction of peripheral resistance which is usually observed as a sign of beta 2-blockade was also shifted to the right under the influence of both drugs. 4. This proves Bufuralol-hydrochloride to be a non-specific beta blocking agent with an affinity to the beta 1- and beta 2-receptors. 5. Although Bufuralol-hydrochloride has a beta 2-blocking property which is even more pronounced than that of Pindolol, it reduces acutely, intravenously given, peripheral resistance. PMID- 41817 TI - Irish Neurological Association. Proceedings of the 14th annual meeting held in Belfast on 13th--14th October, 1978. PMID- 41816 TI - Lysyl oxidase. PMID- 41819 TI - Annual Meeting of the Israel Biochemical Society, 8 to 9 April 1979, Jerusalem, Abstracts of papers. PMID- 41818 TI - Lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus: studies of tubular function and pathogenesis. AB - We describe a patient with lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in whom detailed investigations of distal tubular function were performed. Clearance of free water during water diuresis was found to be augmented. This suggests proximal suppression of sodium reabsorption by lithium. Reabsorption of free water during high solute clearance was impaired. Acidification of the urine following ammonium chloride loading was abnormal, and this was corrected by sodium sulfate infusion. The cellular mechanism of lithium was investigated by means of indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. Indomethacin caused a partial reversal of the nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, suggesting that the primary cellular action of lithium may be to inhibit the formation of cyclic AMP in the collecting duct cell, although a direct action of indomethacin in increasing solutes in the renal medulla could not be ruled out. It is possible that the lithium-induced polyuria is partially due to an enhancement by lithium of renal prostaglandin action. PMID- 41820 TI - Drugging a defendant: arm-chair ethics? PMID- 41821 TI - Drugging a defendant. PMID- 41822 TI - [Austrian Dermatological Society. Scientific Session, 7 October 1978, Vienna]. PMID- 41824 TI - United States-Italy Cooperative Seminar on Radiation Sensitivity: Facts and Models, held at CNEN-CSN Casaccia, Rome, Italy on 18-20 September 1978. PMID- 41823 TI - A quantitative histochemical technique for the characterisation of alpha glucosidases in the brush-border membrane of rat jejunum. AB - A quantitative histochemical method to determine the Km and Vmax of alpha glucosidases in the intestinal epithelium without disruption of the cellular structure is described. 2-Naphthyl-alpha-D-glucoside was used as substrate and hexazonium-p-rosaniline as coupling agent. Using a Leitz MPV2 microdensitometer and a field measuring 4 X 4 micrometers, and reading the test samples against a blank focused on the lamina propria, we observed that the intensity of the colour was a linear function of both the incubation time up to 20 min, and the thickness of the slice up to 20 micrometers. The ratio between the extinction at the absorption maximum and at a second wave-length was constant, whatever the intensity of the colour. By determining the relationship between the extinction and the substrate concentration under standard conditions (slice thickness of of 10 micrometers and incubation time of 10 min), we obtained a saturation curve described by a Km of 0.68 +/- 0.038 mM and a Vmax of 1.41 +/- 0.039 A lambda 480 . 10(-2) . micrometers-1 . min-1. When the hydrolysis of the same substrate by a homogenate of jejunal mucosa was examined biochemically under comparable conditions, a Km of 0.64 +/- 0.012 mM and a Vmax of 57.3 +/- 0.70 mU/mg protein were obtained. When the natural substrate, sucrose, was used in the biochemical study, a Km of 15 +/- 3.5 mM and a Vmax of 149 +/- 24.7 mU/mg protein were obtained. These experiments demonstrate that the kinetic constants of enzyme reactions can be assessed with equal accuracy on histochemical sections as in tissue homogenates. PMID- 41825 TI - Single dose total lymphoid irradiation combined with cyclophosphamide as immunosuppression for human marrow transplantation in aplastic anemia. PMID- 41826 TI - Proceedings of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiologists' 21st Annual Meeting. PMID- 41827 TI - Intracellular pH regulation of normal and hypertrophic rat myocardium. AB - The myocardial cell pH (pHi) observed during breathing of 0, 7.5, or 10% CO2 in air for 3 h was studied in rats with myocardial hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis and in sham-operated rats. The change in pHi during hypercapnia was significantly smaller in the rats with myocardial hypertrophy, with the apparent nonbicarbonate buffer value (delta [HCO3-]i/delta pHi) being almost three times that of the sham-operated rats. In vitro CO2 equilibrium of myocardial tissue homogenates showed no difference in nonbicarbonate buffer value between homogenates obtained from normal rats and from rats with myocardial hypertrophy. Therefore, it appears that the increased ability of the myocardial cell to regulate its pH during hypertrophy is not due to an increase in the cellular level of nonbicarbonate buffers, but seems to be related to a larger bicarbonate uptake by the myocardial cell during hypercapnia. PMID- 41828 TI - Effect of cerebral extracellular fluid acidity on total and regional cerebral blood flow. AB - Total and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and arterial blood acid-base status were measured in 26 chloralose-urethan anesthetized dogs before and after 30 and 60 min of ventriculocisternal perfusion with artificial CSF equilibrated with 7% CO2 and containing either low (8.7 or 9.1 meq/l), normal (19.6 meq/l), or high (34.7 meq/l) bicarbonate ion concentration ([HCO3-]). An inverse linear relationship was observed between the CSF pH and total CBF. Regional blood flow changes were greater in structures that were closest to the ventricular system. In addition, regional blood flow changes were greater in all tissues studied after 60 min of perfusion than after 30. Perfusion with the control [HCO3-] caused no significant changes in either acid base status or CBF. We believe that the regional cerebral blood flow changes are the result of changes in the H+ concentration gradient across the cerebral extracellular fluid (ECF) space due to the diffusional exchange of HCO3- between CSF and ECF. It is concluded that cerebral ECF acidity is important in the local regulation of cerebral blood flow. PMID- 41829 TI - Aortic body chemoreceptor responses to changes in PCO2 and PO2 in the cat. AB - Responses of aortic chemoreceptor afferents to a range of arterial carbon dioxide tension (Paco2) changes at various levels of arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) were investigated in 18 cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose and maintained at 38 degrees C. Aortic chemoreceptor activity, end-tidal oxygen pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide pressure, and arterial blood pressure were continuously monitored. Arterial blood gases were measured in steady states. Single or a few clearly identifiable afferents were studied during changes and steady states of Pao2 and Paco2. All the aortic chemoreceptor afferent discharge rates increased with Paco2 increases from hypercapnia (10-15 Torr) to normocapnia and moderate hypercapnia (30-50 Torr) and with Pao2 decreases from above 400 to 30 Torr. Hypoxia augmented the response to Paco2 most effectively in the range of 10-40 Torr. At any Pao2, the discharge rate reached a plateau with sufficient intensity of hypercapnia. The Paco2 stimulus threshold at a Pao2 of 440 Torr was about 15 Torr, and at a Pao2 of 60 Torr it was 10 Torr. In the transition from hypocapnia to hypercapnia, responses increased gradually, usually without an overshoot. The steady-state responses to Paco2 of the majority of aortic chemoreceptors resembled those of carotid chemoreceptors. The responses of both receptors can be attributed to the same basic type of mechanism. PMID- 41830 TI - Effect of increased blood-oxygen affinity on oxygen transport in hemorrhagic shock. AB - Effect of increased blood-oxygen affinity on tolerance of hemorrhagic shock was studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats. Rats were first exchanged transfused with blood whose P50 had been reduced by various methods by 4-21 Torr. Hypotension (BP = 30 Torr) was induced and maintained at this level by controlled hemorrhage; it was terminated when reinfusion of shed blood became necessary to sustain this blood pressure. Initial rate of bleeding during shock was inversely proportional to P50, varying from 0.52 ml.min-1.kg-1 in controls to 1.5 ml.min 1.kg-1 in the group with the lowest P50, a reaction probably indicating increased sympathetic output in the latter group. Duration of shock tolerance varied from 50 +/- 16 min in controls to 28 +/- 11 min (SD, P less than 0.001) in the group with the lowest P50. Central venous SO2 (SCVO2) and PO2 (PCVO2) were significantly higher and lower, respectively, in low-P50 animals than in controls, probably because of limited oxygen extraction due to increased blood oxygen affinity. VO2 and cardiac output were significantly lower, and mortality was significantly greater, in low-P50 animals. The data suggest that a left shift of the oxygen dissociation curve limits oxygen delivery during hemorrhagic shock. PMID- 41831 TI - Postcapillary pH disequilibrium after gas exchange in isolated perfused liver. AB - pH equilibration after gas exchange in a systemic vascular bed was investigated using an isolated guinea pig liver preparation perfused with a blood-free Krebs Ringer-bicarbonate solution. Effluent perfusate was withdrawn into a stopped-flow apparatus in which pH and temperature were continuously monitored. A decrease in pH of the perfusate after exit from the liver was observed. Addition of acetazolamide to inflowing perfusate had little effect on this fall in effluent fluid pH, while the addition of carbonic anhydrase completely abolished the decrease in pH. These results suggest that: 1) after the addition of metabolically produced CO2, the reaction CO2 leads to H2CO3 leads to H+ + HCO3- in the perfusate did not reach equilibrium during passage through the liver; 2) acetazolamide had little effect on the magnitude of the pH disequilibrium; and 3) carbonic anhydrase accelerated the reaction to equilibrium. We conclude that little or no catalysis of the conversion of perfusate CO2 to H2CO3 takes place within the hepatic circulation and that the presence of slow postcapillary blood pH changes in vivo may be dependent on the specific species and organ vascular bed from which the blood exited after participating in gas exchange. PMID- 41832 TI - Tracheal fluid in fetal lambs: spontaneous decrease prior to birth. AB - We studied tracheal fluid (TF) production in 14 fetal lambs: 6 controls, 6 receiving atropine on 1 or more of the last 7 days before birth, and 2 with bilateral section of the cervical vagosympathetic trunk. A cannula diverted all TF into an intrauterine bag; we collected TF intermittently and measured its volume. All ewes delivered spontaneously at 128-150 days' gestation. TF production decreased before birth in all fetuses except one control. TF production decreased before birth in all fetuses except one control. TF production did not correlate with fetal arterial blood gas tensions, hematocrit, or plasma proteins. In controls only, TF production correlated with fetal arterial pH (P less than 0.02); however, the pH range was small and the correlation has questionable physiological significance. For all fetuses, TF production during the 7 days before birth correlated inversely with the plasma cortisol concentration of 48 h previously (n = 36; r = -0.603; P less than 0.001). We conclude a) TF production in fetal lambs decreases before spontaneous term or preterm labor; b) this decrease is not affected by atropine or by section of the cervical vagosympathetic trunk; and c) the decrease in TF production may be related to increased secretion of cortisol. PMID- 41833 TI - Rosamicin: in vitro activity comparison with erythromycin and other antibiotics against clinical isolates from the genito-urinary tract and Neisseria meningitidis. PMID- 41834 TI - Presteady state kinetics of trypsin-catalyzed hydrolyses of dansyl-arginine derivatives. AB - Interactions between trypsin and each of five dansyl-arginine derivatives, dansyl L-arginine methyl ester (L-DAME), dansyl-D-arginine methyl ester (D-DAME), dansyl L-arginine amide (L-DAA), dansyl-L-arginine (L-DA), and dansyl-D-arginine (D-DA), are accompanied by a fluorescence intensity change which can be followed by the stopped-flow method. These compounds are substrates or products in trypsin catalyzed hydrolysis reactions. All of these compounds, except L-DAA, show a considerable fluorescence intensity increase in the reaction with trypsin. The observed rate constant, tau obsd -1, for the initial fluorescence intensity enhancement in the reaction between trypsin and D-DAME yields a typical hyperbolic curve when the rate is plotted as a function of the ligand concentration. This result is consistent with a two-step mechanism (1) in which a fast bimolecular association process is followed by a slower unimolecular isomerization process. The isomerization process may be considered to be associated with a conformational change of the enzyme molecule, induced by the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex (1). The rate of the isomerization process depends on pH. The rates obtained for L-DAME and D-DAME increase linearly with decrease of the hydrogen ion concentration in the pH range below neutral. PMID- 41835 TI - Purification and characterization of an endonuclease specific for single-stranded DNA from Bacillus subtilis Marburg. AB - Bacillus subtilis Marburg TI (thy,trpC2) has at least four endonuclease activities as assayed by measuring the conversion of single-stranded circular f1 DNA to the linear form by agarose gel electrophoresis. One of them, which is specific for single-stranded DNA (named endonuclease MII), was purified about 320 times by two chromatographic steps and gel filtration, thereby eliminating exonuclease and phosphomonoesterase activities. This activity requires divalent cations but does not require ATP. The molecular weight estimated by gel filtration was about 57,000 daltons. The cleavage products have 5'-phosphoryl termini. At low concentrations, double-stranded DNA is not split to any detectable extent. At high concentrations, however, double-stranded superhelical DNA is attacked to yield open-circular and linear DNA's. The activity of the enzyme towards single-stranded circular DNA relative to that towards double stranded linear DNA was calculated to be approximately 5,000:1 by comparing the initial rates of introducing single-strand breaks into the DNA's. PMID- 41836 TI - An esterase on the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the hydrolysis of long chain acyl esters. AB - A new esterase activity which hydrolyzes palmitoyl-CoA was found in the membrane fraction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. All the 11 strains of P. aeruginosa tested possessed this esterase activity. The esterase was constitutive and was fully active on the intact cell bodies toward substrates in the medium. It was located on the outer membrane of the cell envelope, and was not released into the culture medium. This activity was designated as OM (outer membrane) esterase. OM esterase was solubilized from the cell envelope with EDTA-Triton X-100 and purified 690 fold. It was a minor component of the outer membrane. Its molecular weight was approximately 55,000. The activity was rather stable to heat, a wide range of pH, and treatment with detergents and organic solvents. No cofactors were required. The pH optimum of the reaction was 8.5. Among various acyl-CoAs, only long chain (C12--C18) thioesters were hydrolyzed. OM esterase also hydrolyzed some kinds of oxy-esters such as p-nitrophenyl acyl esters, monoacyl esters of sucrose and Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate). On the other hand, triglycerides, phospholipids, or hydrophobic monoesters were not hydrolyzed at all. Thus, this enzyme seems to have specificity for long chain acyl esters with hydrophilic groups, whether thio- or oxy-ester. Mutants deficient in this esterase activity were isolated. These mutants were unable to grow on Tween 80 as a sole carbon source. This suggests a possible role of OM esterase in the utilization of acyl esters as carbon sources. PMID- 41837 TI - Purification and some properties of a new metallo carboxypeptidase of Streptomyces griseus K-1. PMID- 41838 TI - Occurrence of old yellow enzyme in Gluconobacter suboxydans, and the cyclic regeneration of NADP. AB - Old yellow enzyme system has been found in the cytosol fraction of Gluconobacter suboxydans. This is the first time that the enzyme has been found in organisms other than yeast cells. Old yellow enzyme [EC 1.6.99.1], D-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.49], and catalase were isolated and crystallized separately from the organism. The old yellow enzyme from G. suboxydans showed catalytic and physicochemical properties almost identical with those of the enzyme from yeast cells. NADPH was specifically oxidized by the old yellow enzyme and the reduced enzyme was spontaneously reoxidized by atmospheric oxygen. The old yellow enzyme from G. suboxydans also contained FMN as a prosthetic group, and two mol of FMN were found per mol of enzyme (molecular weight, 88,000 as determined by gel filtration). In the oxidation of D-glucose-6-phosphate to 6 phospho-D-gluconate, cyclic regeneration of NADP occurred smoothly in the presence of D-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and catalase, even when a limited amount of NADP or NADPH was present in the reaction mixture. PMID- 41839 TI - Calcium binding of troponin C. I. A potentiometric titration study. AB - Structural changes of troponin C on calcium binding were studied by hydrogen ion titration, circular dichroism, and fluorescence measurements. The potentiometric titration curves in the carboxyl region are shifted towards lower pH with calcium binding. The intrinsic pK of the carboxyl groups at the calcium binding sites decreases by 0.8 pK unit on calcium binding; on the other hand, magnesium ions have little effect on the intrinsic pK of the carboxyl groups. The intrinsic pK of the imidazole group is not affected by calcium binding. The value of w, an electrostatic interaction factor, is identical for calcium-free and calcium-bound troponin C and is about half of the value calculated assuming a compact sphere. The results of difference titration on the calcium binding indicate that the pH of troponin C solution increases on addition of CaCl2 up to 2 mol of Ca2+ per mol of troponin C and then decreases on further addition of CaCl2. The pH increase is depressed in the presence of MgCl2, in the low pH region, or at high ionic strength. The pH increase is also observed on addition of MgCl2. The ellipticity at 222 nm was measured under the same conditions as the difference titration measurements, and the relation between the pH change and the conformational change of troponin C on calcium binding is discussed based on the results obtained. The number of calcium binding sites and the binding constants estimated by analysis of these difference titration curves were in agreement with the results of Potter and Gergely (22). No magnesium binding site was observed. The tyrosine fluorescence measurements indicated that the binding site near tyrosine 109 is one of the high affinity sites. PMID- 41840 TI - Multiple forms of ribonuclease H from rat liver cytosol. AB - Three forms (termed I, II, and III) of ribonuclease H (RNase H) [EC 3.1.4.34] activity are present in rat liver cytosol. These enzymes degrade RNA specifically in RNA-DNA hybrid structures. They were eluted at 0 M, 0.25 M, and 0.5 M KCl in phosphocellulose chromatography, and were further purified by using blue Sepharose. They are further distinguished from one another by their ionic requirements, optimal pH, molecular weights, sedimentation coefficients, and sensitivity to the -SH reagent, p-chloromercuribenzoate, although I and III have similar characteristics. They liberate a mixture of oligonucleotides with 5' phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl termini. PMID- 41841 TI - Adenosine triphosphate-dependent calcium uptake of synaptic vesicle fraction is largely due to contaminating microsomes. AB - Ca2+ uptake by synaptic vesicle fractions isolated from bovine caudatolenticular nuclei and from rat brain was studied. The purified vesicle fractions from both materials took up very little Ca2+ even in the presence of ATP and Mg2+, but the crude fractions took up Ca2+ actively, showing the maximum uptake around pH 7.0. Since the crude fractions were contaminated by microsomes, which are known to accumulate Ca2+ actively (Yoshida, H., Kadota, K., & Fujisawa, H. (1966) Nature 212, 291--292; Otsuka, M., Ohtsuki, I., & Ebashi, S. (1965) J. Biochem. 58, 188 190), the active uptake of Ca2+ appeared to be largely, if not wholly, due to microsomal contamination. PMID- 41842 TI - Biochemical and coagulation changes after clamping and declamping of the superior mesenteric artery in dogs. AB - Intestinal ischemia produced by S.M.A. temporary occlusion, results in a degree of metabolic and coagulation changes at the ischemic area. When the blood flow is restored, those changes become manifest in the systemic circulation. Both the degree of those changes and their effects are documented and discussed. PMID- 41843 TI - Changes in the random distribution of sialic acid at the surface of the myeloid sinusoidal endothelium resulting from the presence of diaphragmed fenestrae. AB - Diaphragmed fenestrae (DF) are sites of increased vascular permeability. The anionic charge distribution at the luminal aspect of the DF of the endothelium of the bone marrow vessels has been studied after aldehyde fixation by means of colloidal iron (CI), native ferritin (NF), and polycationic ferritin (PCF). At pH 1.8, these cationic agents are bound by the nonmodified luminal endothelial cell surface but not at the sites of the DF. PCF was used over a pH range of 1.8--7.2 (CI is unstable at higher pH levels, whereas NF which has a pI of 4.5 is anionic above this point). PCF shows increased binding at the DF from pH 3.5 upwards. PCF binding at pH 1.8 at the nonmodified luminal cell surface is significantly diminished by neuraminidase treatment which, however, does not perceptibly reduce PCF binding at the higher pH levels. It is concluded that there are exposed sialic acid groups at the lunimal cell surface which are absent or significantly fewer at the sites of the DF, whereas other anionic materials possibly with a pKa higher than that of sialic acid (pKa 2.6) are present both at the DF and at the nonmodified endothelial cell surface. PMID- 41844 TI - pH regulates the polymerization of actin in the sea urchin egg cortex. AB - The state of actin in the isolated cortex of the unfertilized sea urchin egg can be controlled by experimentally manipulating the pH of the isolation medium. Cortices isolated at the pH of the unfertilized egg (6.5--6.7) do not contain filamentous actin, while those isolated at the pH of the fertilized egg (7.3- 7.5) develop large numbers of microvilli which contain bundles of actin filaments. Cortices that are isolated at pH 6.5 and then transferred to isolation medium buffered at pH 7.5 also develop actin filaments. However, the filaments are not arranged in bundles and microvilli do not form. Although the cortical granules in cortices isolated at pH 6.5 discharge at a free Ca++ concentration of approximately 10 micrometer, actin polymerization is not induced by increasing the Ca++ concentration of the isolation medium. These results suggest that the increase in cytoplasmic pH which occurs following fertilization induces the polymerization of actin in the egg cortex. PMID- 41845 TI - A growth factor from spinal cord. AB - Mitogenic activity is present at a variety of sites in the central nervous system. A growth factor was purified from neonatal bovine spinal cord. It has a pI of 9.5-9.8 and a molecular weight of about 11,000 daltons. Spinal cord growth factor is a basic polypeptide that is inactivated by extremely acid or basic conditions. Its mobility on SDS polyacrylamide gels suggests that this factor is different from pituitary FGF and brain FGF-1. PMID- 41846 TI - Plasma beta-endorphin and beta-lipotropin in the human fetus at delivery: correlation with arterial pH and pO2. AB - Beta-endorphin-like immunoactivity was measured in the umbilical cord plasma of 45 term human fetuses. Mean concentration was 91 +/- 16 (SEM) pg/ml,an the normal adult level of 30.7 +/- 2.7 pg/ml. This immunoactivity was further characterized in 10 cases by Sephadex G-50 chromatography to separate beta-endorphin from beta lipotropin (beta-LPH). Mean beta-endorphin and beta-LPH concentrations were 57 +/ 12.8 and 455 +/- 101 pg/ml, respectively. Both were higher (P less than 0.01) than the mean beta-endorphin and beta-LPH concentrations reported in the adult. The mean molar beta-endorphin to beta-LPH ratio was 0.35 in the fetus and 0.36 in the adult. In 17 fetuses whose umbilical arterial and venous concentrations were measured separately, mean beta-endorphin-like immunoactivity was higher in the artery than in the vein. A highly significant negative correlation (r = -0.831; P less than 0.001) was present between umbilical arteiral pH and beta-endorphin like immunoactivity. A negative correlation (r = -0.611; P less than 0.005) with arterial pO2 was also noted. We conclude that high levels of beta-endorphin-like immunoactivity, composed of both beta-endorphin and beta-LPH, circulate in the human fetus at term, and that hypoxia and secondary acidosis may be major stimuli to the release of these peptides. PMID- 41847 TI - Fluorescent antibody test kit for rapid detection and identification of members of the Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides melaninogenicus groups in clinical specimens. AB - The Fluoretec fluorescent antibody test kit (Pfizer Inc., New York, N.Y.), developed for the rapid detection of members of the Bacteroides fragilis and B. melaninogenicus groups, was evaluated by testing 58 stock cultures and 76 clinical specimens. The test reagents detected 100% of 40 B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron stock culture strains, although only 22% of 18 B. vulgatus, B. distasonis, and B. ovatus strains showed positive fluorescence. The 76 clinical specimens were evaluated by examining fluorescent antibody-stained smears of 49 specimens of purulent material and smears of 27 blood cultures which were positive for gram-negative bacilli by Gram stain or subculture. The fluoretec reagent detected members of the B. fragilis group in 28 (97%) of the 29 specimens of purulent material and all (100%) of the 16 blood cultures in which these anaerobes were demonstrated by culture. Overall, the Fluoretec reagent detected members of B. fragilis group in 44 (98%) of the 45 clinical specimens which were shown by culture to contain these anaerobes. Two of the 76 clinical specimens gave positive fluorescence for members of the B. fragilis group but failed to yield these organisms by culture. Members of the B. melaninogenicus group were detected by culture in 15 specimens and in each case their presence was demonstrated by the Fluoretec reagent. No members of the B. melaninogenicus group were isolated from five clinical specimens that gave positive fluorescence with the B. melaninogenicus reagent. PMID- 41849 TI - Relaxation therapy, desensitization, and the treatment of anxiety-based disorders. AB - Evaluated systematic desensitization and relaxation training for the treatment of snake phobia and test anxiety as representatives of two classes of anxiety-based disorders. Treatment outcomes were assessed by examining situational and dispositional components of anxiety as related to these disorders and by behavioral measures of performance in relevant anxiety-provoking situations. Analyses of variance revealed that more pervasive anxiety reductions occurred for the more focalized animal phobia and that there was little difference in the effectiveness of desensitization and relaxation training. The generalizability of research findings based on the treatment of animal phobias was questioned, and the possible role of nonspecific factors in determining success was considered. PMID- 41848 TI - Effects of cell culture and laboratory conditions on type 2 dengue virus infectivity. AB - The stability of type 2 dengue virus to exposure to a variety of laboratory conditions was determined. Suckling mouse brain passage virus was adapted for growth in BHK-21 cells, and plaque assays were performed using a tragacanth gum overlay. A three- to fourfold increase in plaque size could be obtained if monolayers were subconfluent at time of inoculation. Incubation of virus for 24 h at 37 degrees C, pH 6.5, or in buffer containing 1 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetate considerably reduced virus infectivity as compared with virus incubated for the same period at 4 degrees C, pH 8.0, or in buffer with or without 1 mM CaCl2 and 1 mM MgCl2. Multiple freezing and thawing of virus tissue culture medium containing 10% fetal calf serum did not reduce virus infectivity. PMID- 41850 TI - Rapid diagnosis of anaerobic infections by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - It was postulated that the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) produced by anaerobic bacteria might serve as microbial markers in purulent material. Eighteen pus specimens from various sources were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), and the SCFA detected were compared with the microorganisms isolated by conventional methods. It was found that the detection of propionic, isobutyric, butyric, or isovaleric acids by direct GLC of pus specimens is strong evidence for anaerobic infection but not specific for Bacteroides fragilis. It was also shown that the presence of succinic acid in pus specimens does not necessarily indicate infection by anaerobes. It can be concluded that direct GLC of purulent material provides a rapid and reliable presumptive method for the differentiation between anaerobic and aerobic infections. PMID- 41851 TI - Serum gamma-glutamyltransferase isoenzymes in extrahepatic biliary obstruction. AB - The gamma-glutamyltransferase isoenzymes in the sera of patients with extrahepatic biliary obstruction have been studied, using electrophoretic, gel filtration, and ultracentrifugation techniques, and compared with those present in normal sera. Five isoenzymes were shown to exist in patients' sera, three of which were not demonstrated in normal sera. The observations are discussed in relation to the influence of biliary regurgitation and the possible solubilisation of membrane-bound enzymes. The results are compared with those of previous studies on alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 41852 TI - Countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis: improved detection of pneumococcal capsular antigens in sputum by incorporation of a carboxylated derivative of phenyl boronic acid. PMID- 41853 TI - The effect of selective alpha and beta agonists on ventilation and perfusion dynamics. PMID- 41854 TI - International Workshop on Bone and Soft Tissue Densitometry using Computed Tomography, San Francisco, California, June 7--9, 1979. Proceedings. PMID- 41855 TI - Starter culture, temperature, and antibiotic residue in fermentation of mastitic milk to feed dairy calves. PMID- 41856 TI - Active and placebo effects in treatment of moderate and severe insomnia. PMID- 41857 TI - Long-term use of a "stable" bicarbonate containing dialysate. AB - We present an original method for the preparation of "stable" dialysate containing 35 mEq/l of bicarbonate. The dialysate was utilized with 4 patients for periods ranging from 4 months to 1 year according to a short-term recirculated dialysis schedule in closed circuit (20-40L) (2-2 1/2 hrs) on alternate days. Preliminary results are reported here with respect to the tollerance of the dialytic run and correction of the acid-base balance equilibrium. The clinical tollerance is excellent despite high dehydration rates even in patients particularly sensitive to ultrafiltration. The acidosis correction would seem to be much better with bicarbonate than with traditional dialysis. The difference is even higher if we consider the brevity of the dialysis. During the bicarbonate dialysis we do not observe any fall of the PCO2 or significant difference in PO2 in the patient's blood. The correction of acidosis probably causes the normalization of pre-dialytic potassiemia in spite the "net" removal of K with short dialysis is considerably less. PMID- 41858 TI - Effect of acetate upon arterial gases. AB - Following infusion of sodium acetate, a significant fall in arterial oxygen tension (PO2) was observed (p less than 0.001). A rise in PCO2 or bicarbonate was also statistically significant. pH was however remained unchanged. Though a rise in PCO2, bicarbonate, pH was observed following infusion of sodium bicarbonate, no significant fall in PO2 was observed. These results suggest a role of acetate ion for the fall of arterial oxygen tension; the hemodialysis-induced hypoxemia. PMID- 41859 TI - Dialyzing room disinfection with ultra-violet irradiation. AB - Infections represent a major problem in dialysis treatment, thus the dialyzing room should be kept abacterial as possible. We have installed 15-watt ultra violet (U-V.) lamps for every 13.5 m2 on the ceiling for the purpose of the room disinfection and used them for 16 hours nightly after working hours. Bacteria were killed with over 10 hours irradiation even at the areas of low U-V. intensity where the irradiation may not be direct. This unexpected effectiveness might be from the influence of reflected rays and 03 produced. When half the lamps were turned on, the bacteriocidal effect was not sufficient in some areas. Any living organism with nucleic acids must be inactivated by this treatment, for the baceteriocidal effect is due to the nucleic acids injury. Furthermore, safety, readiness after the treatment, easy application and the negligible costs would make this method more advantageous to the other methods in room disinfection. PMID- 41860 TI - Proceedings, Council meeting, 57th general session of the IADR, March, 1979, New Orleans, Louisiana. PMID- 41861 TI - Agents for the control of plaque. A symposium of the Pharmacology, Therapeutics, and Toxicology Group of the American and International Associations for Dental Research. New Orleans, Louisiana, March 30, 1979. PMID- 41862 TI - Clinical and microbiological aspects of chemotherapeutic agents used according to the specific plaque hypothesis. AB - Certain forms of dental decay and periodontal disease appear to be due to specific bacterial infections following overgrowth of certain indigenous plaque bacteria, i.e., the specific plaque hypothesis, If so, then antimicrobial treatment based on a diagnosis of elevated levels or proportions of these organisms should be considered. Such treatment cannot be administered according to concepts of the non-specific plaque hypothesis. A treatment philosophy is presented which is based upon considerations long established in medical infections following overgrowth of certain indigenous plaque bacteria, i.e., the specific plaque hypomicrobial to the site of the infection for periods long enough to suppress or destroy the pathogenic agent. Examples of this treatment philosophy are given. PMID- 41863 TI - Symposium on the Chemical and Nutritional Aspects of Dairy Waste. 174th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Chicago, Illinois, August 1977. PMID- 41864 TI - Summary of an International Symposium on phenytoin-induced teratology and gingival pathology. AB - Phenytoin has been the preferred drug for treating grand mal epilepsy for more than 40 years. The metabolism of this drug, its teratogenic potential, and its role in the pathogenesis of gingival overgrowth are discussed. PMID- 41865 TI - Workshop Proceedings on Bronchoprovocation Techniques for the Evaluation of Asthma, October 14--15, 1978, Atlanta, Georgia. The Bronchoprovocation Committee, American Academy of Allergy. PMID- 41866 TI - An evaluation of pharmacotherapy for exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 41867 TI - Biologic correlates of psychoanalytic concepts. AB - In deference to Freud's ingenious predictions of the future potential of the biological sciences concerning psychoanalytic tenets and clinical disorders, an attempt is made to bring the concepts of the Three Polarities, life and death instincts, the Unconscious, and repression into association with relevant anatomical, neurophysiological, and neurochemical data. Implications for diagnosis and therapy were considered in the light of recent and anticipated neurobiological advances. Building bridges between biologic and physiologic processes is exceedingly complicated by the enormous complexities of both fields. There is good reason to hope that the speculative nature which at this time pervades our bridging efforts will eventually be substituted by unequivocal facts and deductions. PMID- 41868 TI - The fate of acephate and carbaryl in water. AB - Acephate was resistent to hydrolysis in distilled, buffered water at pH 4.0 to 6.9, but not at pH 8.2, held for 20 days at 20 or 30 degrees C. The maximum conversion to methamidophos was 4.5% of the added acephate at pH 8.2 and 20 degrees C. The persistence of acephate in two natural waters, held at 9 degrees C for up to 42 and 50 days varied: 80% were recovered from pond water after 42 days, and 45% from creek water after 50 days. Rates of acephate degradation increased greatly when treated water samples were incubated in the presence of sediments, but not if water and sediment were autoclaved prior to treatment and incubation. The greatest conversion to methamidophos, 1.3% of the added acephate, had occurred after 42 days in pond water without sediment. Under the same conditions, carbaryl was less persistent than acephate in the natural waters: 18 to 20% were recovered from pond water after 42 days, and 37 to 40% from creek water after 50 days. The presence of sediment did not affect its degradation significantly. But more than 55% were recovered after 50 days if water and sediment were autoclaved prior to treatment and incubation. Neither acephate, methamidophos, nor carbaryl could be shown to escape from water into the atmosphere. PMID- 41870 TI - Plasma potassium and adrenergic system. PMID- 41869 TI - Transmitter mediated arginine vasopressin release from superfused hypothalamus and pituitary gland. AB - The study was designed to investigate the effect of various neurotransmitters on the hypothalamus and pituitary gland to determine the sites of their action. Superfused isolated rat hypothalami and pituitary glands demonstrated basal secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and repeated response to stimulation thus showing the viability of the preparation. Acetylcholine and histamine stimulated the release of AVP at the hypothalamic and pituitary levels; dopamine and norepinephrine released AVP in a dose related manner only from the hypothalamus; angiotensin II released AVP in the same fashion only from the pituitary gland. AVP secretion stimulated by dopamine and norepinephrine may represent synaptic inputs which are localized at the hypothalamus and must be distinguished from the site of action at the pituitary gland of angiotensin II. PMID- 41871 TI - The Scandinavian Society for Surgery of the Hand. May 4-5, 1979, Helsinki, Finland. Proceedings. PMID- 41873 TI - Chemical modification of horseradish peroxidase. Preparation and characterization of tracer enzymes with different isoelectric points. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), a plant glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 40,000 D and a molecular radius (ae) of 30 A, has been modified chemically to prepare tracer molecules with different molecular charge. Modification of free carboxyl groups on the enzyme is achieved by carbodiimide activation and subsequent reaction of activated carboxyl groups with a nucleophile; uncharged groups or radicals containing additional positively charged moieties are introduced into the protein molecule resulting in an increased net positive charge of the tracer. Amino groups in the protein molecule are modified by acetylation or succinylation; this reaction will increase the net negative charge of the enzyme by either introducing an uncharged group or an additional carboxyl radical. The tracer molecules so obtained are then characterized in terms of molecular size and charge by column chromatography and isoelectric focusing respectively. The enzymatic activity as measured by 3,3'-diaminobenzidine reaction, the pH optimum and the absorption spectra for the modified enzymes remain virtually unchanged. PMID- 41874 TI - Elevated proteinase activities in mouse lung tumors quantitated by synthetic fluorogenic substrates. AB - Proteinase activities in malignant and normal lung tissues were measured using two synthetic substrates that consist of a fluorophor coupled to a peptide moiety. The hydrolysis of CBZ-Val-Lys-Lys-Arg-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide and BZ Gly-Gly-Arg-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide were studied in homogenates of two types of mouse lung tumors, the Lewis lung tumor of the C57 black mouse and the KHT tumor of the C3H mouse. The activity of CBZ-Val-Lys-Lys-Arg-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide hydrolysis had a pH optimum of 6.3 and a Km of 2.1 x 10(-4) M, required a thiol activator, and was inhibited by leupeptin suggesting the activity of a cathepsin B-like enzyme. The activity of BZ-Gly-Gly-Arg-4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide hydrolysis had a pH optimum of 6.7 and a Km of 3 x 10(-5) M. Lung tumor homogenates contained higher hydrolytic activities for both substrates than normal lung homogenates. PMID- 41875 TI - Discontinuous density gradient separation of human mononuclear leucocytes using Percoll as gradient medium. AB - The use of a new commerically available medium (Percoll) for fractionation of human mononuclear leucocytes is described. Cells can be fractionated on the basis of their densities with high reproducibility. The separated cells were characterized by morphological and functional criteria. Monocytes can be obtained in the low density fractions with a purity of 70%--90%. Lymphocytes were found in high density fractions with a purity up to 99%. No separation between E-rosette forming (E-RFC) and surface immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes was obtained. However, a reduced number of high avidity E-rosette forming lymphocytes (HAE-RFC) was found within low density lymphocytes. Best spontaneous DNA synthesis and reaction in mixed leucocyte culture (MLC) were obtained with cells isolated from the 1.066/1.068 density interface, whereas the stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) had a peak response with cells from the 1.064/1.066 density interface. Colony forming myelopoietic stem cells and colony forming T-lymphocytes were detected in fractions of low density. PMID- 41876 TI - Hepatic enzymes of tyrosine metabolism in tyrosinemia II. AB - A middle-aged adult male with a mild form of tyrosinemia II (Richner-Hanhart syndrome) is described. Treatment with a low-tyrosine diet caused a fall in plasma tyrosine and clearing of the hyperkeratosis of the soles. Liver biopsy of this patient revealed low but measurable levels of cytoplasmic tyrosine aminotransferase and elevated levels of the mitochondrial tyrosine-metabolizing enzyme aspartate aminotransferase. It is hypothesized that these enzymes have been induced in sufficient amounts to account for the mild clinical course. PMID- 41877 TI - Summary of an international workshop on hepatitis B vaccines. PMID- 41878 TI - Metabolic control of neuronal pacemaker activity and the rhythmic organization of central nervous functions. AB - The endogenous rhythmic activity of isolated pacemaker neurones of Aplysia californica appears to be controlled by the operation of a substrate cycle. The recycling of fructose-6-phosphate is mediated by two membrane-bound enzymes: phosphofructokinase (PFK) and fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase). Allosteric effectors which promote the PFK-FDPase system either increase the regular beating activity or induce bursting discharges, while inhibitory effectors reduce pacemaker activity. Associated with the PFK-FDPase cycle are slow oscillations in membrane potential, the postulate being that changes in amplitude and time period of the waves are brought about by the cyclic fluctuations of H+ ions and ATP in the immediate vicinity of the membrane. Other enzyme reactions which affect the concentrations of gluconeogenic substrates or PFK effectors can modulate the oscillatory driving input, a good example being the neurogenic amino acid glutamate. Modifiers of FDPase and PFK are equally effective in changing pacemaker activity within the intact neuronal network and, hence, the rhythmic body function connected to this network. This has been demonstrated with pacemaker neurones governing cardiovascular activity in Apylsia, blood pressure or heart beat in the cat, and respiration or thermoregulation in the rabbit. Nature appears to have achieved a functional differentiation between different pacemaker neurones by altering their response to at least one or two of the PFK and FDPase effectors. New periodicities can be entrained by current stimuli on the pre-existing rhythms of isolated Aplysia pacemaker neurones. Stimulus-induced resetting of the discharges is in fact accompanied by a redistribution between two kinetically distinct forms of PRK, and modifiers of this enzyme can stabilize the new periodicities or facilitate the conditioning effect of a stimulus. Memory facilitation and consolidation under PFK modifiers could also be demonstrated in avoidance and discrimination learning trials with honey bees and rats, which are consistent with the metabolic nature of the slow-wave rhythmicity in vertebrate microneurones thought to be the site of memory storage. PMID- 41879 TI - Oscillations of cyclic nucleotide concentrations in relation to the excitability of Dictyostelium cells. AB - Aggregating cells of Dictyostelium discoideum are able to release cyclic AMP periodically. The oscillations of cAMP generation are associated with changes in adenylate cyclase activity. Cyclic AMP receptors on the cell surface are functionally coupled to the oscillating system as evidenced by phase shifts that are induced by small pulses of extracellular cAMP. An important element of the oscillating system is the signal processing from surface receptors to the adenylate cyclase. This pathway exhibits adaptation resulting in the suppression of responses to constant, elevated concentrations of cAMP. The signal input for adenylate cyclase activation is, therefore, a change in the extracellular cAMP concentration with time. Oscillations in the absence of detectable changes of intra- or extracellular cAMP concentrations suggest the possibility that there is a metabolic network in D. discoideum cells that undergoes oscillations without coupling to adenylate cyclase. Cyclic GMP concentrations oscillate with a slight phase difference in advance of that of cAMP, suggesting that the two nucleotide cyclases might not be activated by the same mechanism. Elevation of extracellular calcium exerts an inhibitory effect on the accumulation of cAMP and on the second of the two cGMP peaks. PMID- 41880 TI - Membrane potential oscillations in molluscan "burster" neurones. AB - Membrane potential oscillations can be induced in molluscan neurones under a variety of artificial conditions. In the so-called 'burster' neurones oscillations are generated even in isolated cells. A likely mechanism for 'bursting' involves the following ionic currents: 1. A transient inward current carried by Na+ and Ca2+. This current is responsible for the upstroke of the action potentials. 2. A delayed outward current carried by K+. This current is voltage-sensitive and is responsible for the downstroke of the action potential during the early part of the burst. It becomes progressively inactivated during the burst. Its amplitude depends on the intracellular pH. 3. A rapidly developing outward current carried by K+ which is inactivated at potentials close to action potential threshold. This current tends to hold the membrane in the hyperpolarized state and is involved in spacing the action potentials. 4. A prolonged inward current which may not inactivate. It is probably carried by both Na+ and Ca2+. This current is responsible for the depolarizing phase of the burst but also contributes to the action potential. 5. A slowly developing outward current, carried by K+. This current appears as a result of a slow increase in intracellular ionized calcium and is responsible for the hyperpolarizing phase of the burst. Note that a transient increase in this current may also contribute to the falling phase of the action potential during the later stages of the burst. It is also sensitive to intracellular pH. One of the more significant features of this system of producing membrane potential oscillations is that the frequency of the bursts depends on the rate at which the intracellular ionized calcium returns to its resting level. This process depends on the metabolic state of the animal which can thereby exert a considerable influence on the electrical activity of burster neurones. PMID- 41881 TI - Specificity of serotoninergic inhibition in Limulus lateral eye. AB - The receptor specificity for synaptically mediated lateral inhibition in Limulus lateral eye retina was studied by structure-activity correlations of the action of the putative indoleaminergic neurotransmitter, serotonin (5-HT), and its isomers and structural analogs, tryptamine (TRYP), 6-hydroxytryptamine (6HT), 5,6 dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT), 5-hydroxydimethyltryptamine (5-HDMT), and 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). The 5-HT blockers, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), bromo-LSD (BOL), and cinanserin, were also tested. The inhibitory action of the indoleaminergic agonists is highly structure-specific. An hydroxyl group in the 5 position of the indole nucleus, sterically unencumbered by hydroxyls in neighboing positions, is essential. In order of decreasing potency, 5-HT, 5-HDMT, and 5-HTP are active agonists; TRYP, 6-HT, and 5,6-DHT are inactive. Configuration and mobility of the side chains of the active agonists also affect the interaction, and these side-chain characteristics correlate with agonist potency. The receptors for inhibitory action and for transmembranal transport in reuptake are different. Both active agonists and inactive analogs appear to be taken up (Adolph and Ehinger, 1975. Cell Tissue Res. 163:1-14). LSD and BOL have bimodal actions: direct inhibition and agonist blockade. These actions may be mediated via low-specificity presynaptic uptake receptor sites rather than highly specific, postsynaptic, agonist receptor sites. PMID- 41882 TI - The treatment of psychotic major depressive disorder with drugs and electroconvulsive therapy. AB - A retrospective chart review of 54 patients demonstrating depression with psychotic symptoms was accomplished with the use of Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for diagnosis of psychotic major affective disorder. Patients received adequate trials of either tricyclic antidepressants alone, antipsychotics, the two in combination, or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Antidepressants alone were found to be ineffective or only partially effective in treating psychotic depression unless somatic or depressive declusions were the only psychotic symptoms. Antipsychotics alone were usually effective in providing at least a partial response, particularly with psychotic symptoms. Excellent responses of the depressive and psychotic elements were provided with ECT, ECT with antipsychotic medication, and the combination of antidepressant and antipsychotic medications. These latter treatments may be the most appropriate for depression with psychotic features. PMID- 41883 TI - Sleep problems and sleep medication involvement of psychiatric patients. AB - Psychiatric patients received a computer interview that assessed 27 life problem areas. Within the sleep area, difficulty falling asleep was compared to awakening problems and appeared to be a more severe patient problem in terms of the large number of associated nonsleep problems. The patient's intensity of physical tension and degree of excessive solitary behavior were related to the problem of falling asleep. The major variables associated with awakening problems were pain and physical complications interfering with sleep. Patients with a strong sleep medication involvement were found to use multiple classes of drugs, to use a greater overall quantity of drugs, and to express various drug problems. A combination of physical tension, anxiety, and depression were predictive of patients' sleep medication involvement, whereas no one particular group of sleep problems indicated a significantly greater involvement than another group. PMID- 41884 TI - Tardive dyskinesia presenting as a psychosis. AB - Tardive dyskinesia (TD), a movement disorder secondary to neuroleptic medication, is frequently found in psychiatric patients. The authors review reasons why some patients with TD go undetected. In addition, they report on another clinical situation which led to TD going undiagnosed: two cases which developed TD, then incorporated their movement disorder into a delusional system. Their clinicians focused exclusively on their psychosis, missing the underlying neurological disorder. How commonly this occurs in clinical practice is unknown. PMID- 41885 TI - Electroconvulsive therapy following pituitary surgery. AB - A 39-year-old female with a history of three psychotic episodes in 6 months developed Cushingoid features and catatonia. Despite the surgical removal of a pituitary basophil adenoma and treatment with neurleptics, her catatonia worsened. Electroconvulsive therapy provided rapid, life-saving relief for this patient. Patient characteristics are discussed and treatment recommendations provided. PMID- 41886 TI - Preliminary characterization of bovine pineal prolactin releasing (PPRF) and release-inhibiting factors (PPIF) activity. AB - Bovine pineal glands were subjected to extraction with dilute acetic acid, gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 and subsequent ultrafiltration through Diaflo membranes PM10, UM2 and UM05. Various fractions derived at each step were tested for the presence of substances which stimulate or inhibit prolactin secretion in vitro and in vivo. Both prolactin releasing (PPRF) and release-inhibiting (PPIF) activities were observed. PPRF activity was present in certain fractions derived from Sephadex G-25 and in the PM10 residue (MW congruent to less than 10,000). Whereas both the UM2 residue (MW greater than 1000) and UM05 filtrates (MW less than 500) was seen to inhibit pituitary prolactin release in vitro, the UM05 residue (MW greater than 500 and less than 1000) inhibited prolactin release in vivo, possibly by stimulating the secretion of the hypothalamic prolactin inhibiting factor. On the basis of its inactivation by trypsin it was concluded that PPIF may be a peptide or contain a peptide moiety indispensible for its biological activity. Experiments are in progress to characterize pineal prolactin regulating activities and to elucidate further the physiological role of the pineal gland in the regulation of prolactin secretion. PMID- 41887 TI - Neurobiology of Polyorchis. II. Structure of effector systems. AB - The gross and fine morphology of the major effector systems in the anthomedusan, Polyorchis penicillatus, is described and discussed in relation to the known physiological and behavioral properties of these systems. Swimming is controlled by an anastomosing network of giant neurons within the inner nerve ring and radial nerves. Although these neurons may be coupled by gap junctions it is likely that they form a syncytium. The photosensitivity of the "giants" is attributed to reflexive membranes within the cytoplasm. Giant neurons act as both the pre- and postsynaptic cell when forming synapses with other neurons of the inner nerve ring. Neuromuscular synapses between "giants" and the striated swimming muscle are found around the margin and along the radii. Swimming muscle cells are connected laterally by gap junctions and end-to-end by desmosomes which are sometimes elaborated with extra-thick filaments. Unstriated sphincter and radial muscles, the major muscles associated with crumpling, are both greatly folded over mesogloeal ridges and have processes that cross the mesogloea to contact the ring and radial canals, respectively. Synapses or other sites that might be responsible for exciting these muscles during crumpling have not been found. The ability of the endodermal lamella and canals to propagate action potentials can be accounted for by the numerous gap junctions that are seen in these tissues. The precise location where excitation is transferred to the nervous system to initiate crumpling is not known but epithelial bridges crossing the mesogloea are likely routes. Synapses between neurons originating in the outer nerve ring and tentacle longitudinal muscle can account for the control of tentacle length. Neurons of the outer nerve ring also synapse onto velar, radial fibers and the sphincter muscle. The inner and outer nerve rings have nervous connections. The organisation of the outer nerve ring and the arrangement of nerves within the endodermal plexus is described. A diagram showing the major connections and interactions of components of the effector systems is presented. PMID- 41888 TI - Studies on soluble elements and solubility of dental cement. (II) Solubilities of zinc phosphate, carboxylate and silicate cement soaked in artificial saliva and buffered solutions pH 4 and 9. PMID- 41889 TI - Changes in salivary buffer capacity in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 41890 TI - [Bacterial coincidence in the infected middle ear and nasopharynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 41891 TI - Acidic thiol proteinase activity of Schistosoma mansoni egg extracts. AB - Extracts of the eggs of the human blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni, exhibit proteolytic activity which requires the presence of added thiol reagents or cyanide. The pH optimum for hydrolysis of Azocoll and cartilage proteoglycan is 4.8--5.2 and the molecular weight of the major component is 25--26,000. The effects of inhibitors suggest this activity belongs to the acidic thiol proteinase class, with a similarity to Cathepsin B. These proteinases may be involved in nutrition of the egg or sporocyst, in penetration of eggs or miracidia through host tissues, or in the immunopathology of schistosomiasis. PMID- 41892 TI - Cell and mitochondria respiration of Naegleria fowleri. PMID- 41893 TI - Incorporation of radioactive precursors into filarial larvae of Brugia developing in susceptible and refractory mosquitoes. AB - The incorporation of tritiated precursors injected into mosquito hosts parasitized by developing filarial larvae of Brugia patei has been studied by autoradiography in 2 species of mosquito, Aedes togoi in which filarial development was normal and Anopheles labranchiae atroparvus in which filarial development was abnormal. In both mosquito hosts there was significant incorporation into 4--5-day-old developing larvae of uridine and amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, arginine, lysine, cystine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, histidine, and proline), although lower incorporation of methionine, tyrosine, and tryptophan was found during abnormal development. No incorporation of thymidine, hydroxytryptophan, dopa, or carbohydrate was found at this stage of larval development. Some incorporation of glucose and dopa was found in or around earlier stages of development in An. l. atroparvus. Mosquito flight muscle showed lower incorporation of glucose, but not of amino acids, around the site of filarial parasite development. The flight muscle of An. l. atroparvus showed a higher level of incorporation of lysine compared to that in A. togoi and higher levels of lysine and valine were found in the abnormally developing filarial larvae in the refractory mosquito. PMID- 41894 TI - The longevity and hatchability of Philophthalmus megalurus and P. gralli miracidia in different environmental conditions. AB - The effects of salinity, pH, and temperature on the longevity and hatchability of miracidia of Philophthalmus megalurus and P. gralli were determined. Miracidia of both species are able to hatch and survive at saline concentrations much above physiological levels, although these processes are reduced in 2.0--2.4% saline and completely inhibited at 2.6%. The greatest hatching rates for both species were found near neutrality (pH 6--8) but some miracidia hatched at the extreme pH levels of 3 and 12. Philophthalmus megalurus miracidia exhibited longer half lives under acid conditions (pH 2--6) than P. gralli miracidia; conversely, P. gralli miracidia showed longer half-lives in alkaline conditions (pH 8--11). Hatching and longevity were much greater below room temperature (5--20 C) than above (30--50 C) for miracidia of both species. Temperatures above 50 C proved lethal for eyefluke eggs. Except in acid pH, P. gralli miracidia showed longer half-lives than miracidia of P. megalurus. Comparison to studies on schistosomes revealed that the inhibitory effects of physiological saline and host body temperature on the hatching process of schistosome eggs does not occur in these 2 species of eyeflukes. PMID- 41895 TI - The parasitic coelenterate, Polypodium hydriforme USSOV, from the eggs of the American acipenseriform Polyodon spathula. AB - No significant differences in macro- and micromorphology were found between the parasitic stolon and free-living polyps of Polypodium sp. obtained from infected eggs of the North American acipenseriform fish Polyodon spathula and corresponding developmental stages of Polypodium hydriforme Ussov, parasitic in the Volga sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus). Therefore, both the American and the European forms of Polypodium belong to the species P. hydriforme Ussov. PMID- 41896 TI - A simple medium for in vitro culture of Trichomonas vaginalis. PMID- 41897 TI - Filter Validation Symposium, Annual Meeting of the Parenteral Drug Association, New York City, 15-17 November 1978. PMID- 41898 TI - Basic study of microsurgical orchidopexy for high undescended testis; assessment of clinical applicability. AB - An experimental microvascular surgical technique to bring an intraabdominal testis to the scrotum was used on rats and dogs. It appears that the method may be applicable to clinical cases in children. PMID- 41899 TI - Interactions of parenteral solutions with sulphur-treated glass bottles. AB - Concern about limited surface durability has been the main reasons for recommendations by advisory committees and government health authorities, not to reu-use sulphur-treated soda-lime glass (type II) bottles for intravenous solutions. In order to contribute specific data, the interactions of slightly acid and neutral parenteral solutions with ammonium sulphate-treated type II glass bottles have been investigated. It was established that the amounts of silica, sodium and calcium released into the solution are not greater than the potential background contamination from the raw materials. The number of particles in the solution was well below the limits set by the British Pharmacopoieia and not much higher than the lowest background count practically achievable. On an average, bottle surfaces released less material after the first time of use. Bottle-to-bottle variations revealed by scanning electron microscopy point at problems in achieving smooth, evenly surface-treated bottle surfaces during bottle manufacture. PMID- 41900 TI - The assay and stability of chlorpropamide in solid dispersion with urea. AB - Thin layer chromatography followed by reflectance densitometry has been used to evaluate the stability of chlorpropamide-urea during the fusion process. Urea was found to decompose to biuret and chlorpropamide to p-chlorobenzenesulphonamide: several other unidentified decomposition products were detected. The energy for decomposition of chlorpropamide was 57.1 kJmol-1 for melts containing 15 and 30% chlorpropamide. Decomposition followed apparent first order kinetics. PMID- 41901 TI - Correlation of bioavailability in man with simulated absorption data for three doxantrazole preparations. AB - The in vitro and in vivo availability of doxantrazole, a potential antiallergic compound has been evaluated. A solution was significantly less bioavailable than either tablet or suspension formulations and it is suggested that this is associated with the large volume of the solution vehicle altering the hydrophilicity of the gastrointestinal fluids. In vitro availability was determined from absorption rate constants and absorption profiles obtained using the Sartorius absorption and solubility simulators. A statistically significant correlation was found between the percentage absorbed in vitro at 1 h and both total urinary recovery and area under plasma curve values in vivo. It is considered that in vitro determination of diffusion through artificial lipid membranes may be a useful predictive method of in vivo availability. PMID- 41902 TI - Serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations of clindamycin and lincomycin in the mouse. AB - Serum concentrations of drug were obtained at various times after intramuscular dosing of healthy mice with either clindamycin or lincomycin hydrochlorides. Washings from the peritoneal cavity were taken at the same time as the serum samples. Changes in drug concentration in the peritoneal fluid with time mimic those for the serum, but concentrations in peritoneal fluid are much greater than the corresponding serum concentrations. The total volume of peritoneal fluid was estimated to be 0.05 ml. PMID- 41903 TI - Functional tolerance to ethanol in mice: relationship to lipid metabolism. PMID- 41904 TI - Effects of acute or chronic administration of chlordiazepoxide on feeding parameters using two food textures in the rat. AB - The effects of acute or chronic administration of chlordiazepoxide on several feeding parameters were studied in the rat. Given acutely, chlordiazepoxide reduced the rate of feeding, at lower dose levels (5.0 or 10.0 mg kg-1) tended to prolong feeding duration, and at a higher dose (15.0 mg kg-1) reduced the amount of food intake. Food texture can influence feeding parameters too; but the effects of the drug did not interact with the effects of food texture. After 9 daily injections of the drug, there were several indications of the development of tolerance to the effects of the drug on the feeding parameters. A possible role of 5-HT mechanisms in the reduction of eating rate produced by the drug is considered. PMID- 41905 TI - The effect of pyrogen on the in vivo metabolism and initial kinetics of chloroquine in rats. PMID- 41906 TI - Monoamine oxidase inhibition and brain amine metabolism after oral treatment with toloxatone in the rat. AB - Rats were administered toloxatone 100 mg kg-1 p.o., and killed 0.5 to 8 hours later. Toloxatone reversibly inhibited type A MAO, but did not affect the activity of type B MAO in whole brain. Cerebral concentrations of noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine were increased after toloxatone, while their metabolite concentrations were reduced. Synaptosomal uptake processes of these amines were not altered by tolaxatone. PMID- 41907 TI - Selective influences of age and thyroid hormones on type A monoamine oxidase of the rat heart. AB - The specific actiivty of rat heart MAO, towards both tyramine and benzylamine as substrates, was found to increase with the age of the animal, and also after administration of (-)-thyroxine to young male rats. Conversely, enzyme activity was decreased in animals made hypothyroid by including 2-thiouracil in their diet. However, with both age and altered thyroid status, relatively greater changes in the deamination of tyramine rather than in that of benzylamine, were obtained. Clorgyline and deprenyl, used as inhibitors of rat heart MAO, indicated that tyramine is metabolized solely by MAO-A, whereas benzylamine is a substrate for both MAO-A and -B, and also a clorgyline- and deprenyl-resistant enzymic activity. The proportional contribution of MAO-A, -B and the clorgyline-resistant enzyme towards the total benzylamine deamination in the rat heart was found to vary with the age and with altered thyroid status of the animal in such a way that selective changes in the activity of MAO-A appear to be largely responsible for the overall changes in the specific activity of rat heart MAO which occur in response to these developmental factors. PMID- 41908 TI - Catecholamine uptake blockade in anaesthetized dogs: influence on cardiovascular responses. AB - The effects of differential and combined catecholamine uptake antagonism on cardiovascular responses of anaesthetized dogs to isoprenaline, noradrenaline, and electrical stimulation of the left ansa subclavia nerve have been studied. Uptake1 inhibition by cocaine HCl (5 mg kg-1 and 1 mg kg-1 every 45 min) enhanced responses to noradrenaline (0.1 to 2.0 micrograms kg-1 i.v.) and sympathetic nerve stimulation (1 to 20 Hz), but did not affect those to isoprenaline. Uptake2 inhibition by metanephrine (40 micrograms kg-1 min-1) enhanced cardiac responses to isoprenaline (0.05 to 1.0 microgram kg-1 i.v.), but did not significantly alter those to noradrenaline or nerve stimulation. Responses to all agonist interventions were increased by the combined administration of cocaine and metanephrine. Cocaine preferentially enhanced the positive chronotropic cardiac response to noradrenaline, but metanephrine did not differentiate between heart rate and contractility. These results have been discussed in the light of the mechanism of drug action involved. PMID- 41909 TI - Effects of pyroxamidine and guanethidine on contractile responses to field stimulation and to noradrenaline in the anococcygeus muscle and vas deferens of the rat. PMID- 41910 TI - Inhibitory effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine on lipogenesis in rat adipose tissues. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) inhibited the incorporation of 14C from 14C-labelled glucose, pyruvate, citrate and acetate into fatty acids but it did not inhibit the conversion of 14C from citrate and acetate into CO2, and the citrate conversion into glyceride-glycerol in epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissue from 24h-fasted rats. 5-HT stimulated the formation of lactate from glucose and pyruvate, and increased the ratio of lactate produced/pyruvate taken up. This ratio was similar to the NADH:NAD ratio. These results indicate that 5-HT inhibits fatty acid synthesis in rat white adipose tissue by mechanisms similar to those of the catecholamines. PMID- 41911 TI - Ultrasonic velocity and diffusion of drugs through a gelatin gel. PMID- 41912 TI - Inhibition of rabbit PMN lipoxygenase activity by benoxaprofen. PMID- 41913 TI - Temporal response of prolyl hydroxylase in pre-existing granuloma to glucocorticoid administration. PMID- 41914 TI - Metergoline antagonism of 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced activation of rat cerebral cortical (Na+-K+)ATPase. PMID- 41915 TI - Inhibition of [3H]naloxone binding in homogenates of rat brain by eseroline, a drug, with analgesic activity, related to physostigmine. PMID- 41916 TI - Amidopyrine disposition in rat. PMID- 41917 TI - Leucocyte migration and prostaglandin E1. PMID- 41918 TI - Labetalol possesses beta-adrenoceptor agonist action on the rat isolated uterus. PMID- 41919 TI - The analgesic and respiratory effects of meptazinol, morphine and pentazocine in the rat. PMID- 41920 TI - Nuciferine and central glutamate receptors. PMID- 41921 TI - The zig-zag tracheal strip. PMID- 41922 TI - Cardiovascular effects of baclofen in the rat. PMID- 41923 TI - A cuationary note on the use of ordered powder mixtures in pharmaceutical dosage forms. PMID- 41924 TI - A method to predict infinity values for biexponential processes. AB - An equation is presented which allows infinity values for biexponential processes to be predicted in the early nonlinear phase when samples are taken at equal time intervals. This equation is independent of the value or ratio of the rate constants involved in the process. However, this method is very sensitive to noise normally associated with urine data. PMID- 41925 TI - Degradation of mecillinam in aqueous solution. AB - The hydrolysis of mecillinam in aqueous solution (37 degrees) was studied at pH 2 10. The degradation products observed by TLC and NMR were identified and quantified. Several of these compounds were synthesized. Mecillinam and the key degradation product, (6R)-6-formamidopenicillanic acid, underwent reversible 6 epimerization in basic solution. Some of the thiazolidine derivatives formed epimerized at position 2. In contrast to penicillins, the degradation pattern of mecillinam becomes more complex with increasing pH. Rate constants for some processes are given. PMID- 41926 TI - New and simple methylene blue colorimetric assay for glycyrrhizin in pharmaceuticals. AB - A new colorimetric method for glycyrrhizin in licorice and drug preparations is given. The method is based on coupling the acidic genin, glycyrrhetinic acid, with methylene blue and measuring the extinction of the coupled compound solution in chloroform-alcohol. PMID- 41927 TI - Synthesis and pharmacology of potential beta-blockers. AB - Several 1-(4-substituted phenoxyl)-2-hydroxy-3-isopropylaminopropanes and 1-(4 substituted phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-3-[3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl]aminopropanes were synthesized for possible beta-adrenergic receptor blockage. The compounds were synthesized by reaction of the 4-substituted phenol with epichlorohydrin and subsequent opening of the resulting epoxide with either N-isopropylamine or N-3,4 dimethoxyphenethylamine. Preliminary biological testing indicated a decrease in the beta-blocking potency and the duration of action. PMID- 41928 TI - Urinary excretion of chlorpheniramine and pseudoephedrine in humans. AB - A specific high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the determination of chlorpheniramine and pseudoephedrine in urine was developed and applied in a urinary excretion study of normal healthy subjects who received a sustained release dosage form contianing 8 mgof chlorpheniramine maleate and 120 mg of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Five subjects received one dose on Day 1, followed by multiple dosing every 12 hr for 7 days without ammonium chloride administration. Four subjects received one dose of the sustained-release dosage form together with ammonium chloride. Urine samples were collected during the 1st day and at steady state. The method is specific and simultaneously determines choorpheniramine, two metabolites (mono- and di-desmethylchlorpheniramine), pseudoephedrine, and norpseudoephedrine. The assay recovery was less than 97% (0.06-3 microgram/ml) for chlorpheniramine maleate and less than 98% (1.5-75 microgram/ml) for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Excretion of chlorpheniramine and its two metabolites in urine was enhanced after ammonium chloride administration. At steady state, a change in urine pH from 5.69 to 6.46 resulted in more than a 25% decrease in chlorpheniramine and monodesmethylchlorpheniramine excretion. In spite of expected changes in its biological half-life, the overall amount of unchanged pseudoephedrine excreted in urine was not affected by urine pH, presumably because it is primarily excreted in urine as intact drug. PMID- 41929 TI - Anomalous solution behavior of 2-palmitate esters of lincomycin and clindamycin. AB - The aqueous solubilities of lincomycin and clindamycin 2-palmitate esters are compared. Clindamycin 2-palmitate hydrochloride has an unusually high solubility at 25 degrees, which is due to micelle formation. Both compounds are surface active with relatively low critical micelle concentrations. However, since the Krafft point of lincomycin palmitate is approximately 43 degrees, it does not form micelles below that temperature and appears to be quite insoluble until heated above 43 degrees. The experimental monomeric solubilities of the two compounds agree with calculations based on group contributions to lipophilicity. Clindamycin 2-palmitate hydrochloride solutions are quite sensitive to ions, being salted out as unprotonated base in the form of oily droplets. Salting out correlates well with anionic strength, which is quite constant for the various salts studied. A viscosity maximum occurs with increasing salt addition, with the peaks of the different salts occurring at the same anionic strengths. PMID- 41930 TI - Plasma binding of benzodiazepines in humans. AB - Plasma binding of chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, loraxepam, and oxazepam was determined by equilibrium dialysis in 20 male, healthy volunteers, 25-86 years old. A wide range of binding was observed, with the free fraction varying twofold for lorazepam, fourfold for chlordiazepoxide and diazepam, and over 20-fold for oxazepam. Statistically significant linear relationships were not observed between the degree of binding and age, serum albumin, or total protein for any of the drugs. There was, however, a correlation between the extent of binding for the four drugs. Because of the importance of unbound benzodiazepine levels in eliciting any pharmacological response and also in disposition, consideration of the wide interindividual variability in plasma binding must be made in interpreting pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data. PMID- 41931 TI - Capacity-limited gut wall metabolism of 5-aminosalicylic acid, a therapeutically active metabolite of sulfasalazine, in rats. AB - The metabolic fate of 5-aminosalicylic acid (reported to be the active therapeutic moiety of sulfasalazine) was assessed in fasting rats as a function of dose (25-200 mg/kg) and administration route (oral, intraperitoneal, and intravenous). 5-Aminosalicylic acid is subject to both capacity-limited presystemic (apparently during first passage through the intestinal epithelium) and systemic acetylation. The possibility exists that 5-aminosalicylic acid also is acetylated presystemically after oral sulfasalazine administration to patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Any alteration in the absorption activity if N acetyl-5-aminosalicylic acid is inactive or less active than 5-amino-salicylic acid. PMID- 41933 TI - Degradation kinetics of a new cephalosporin derivative in aqueous solution. AB - The degradation kinetics of a new cephalosporin derivative (1) in aqueous solution were investigated at 60 degrees, mu = 0.05, at pH 2.0-10.0. The observed degradation rates followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and were influenced significantly by H2O and OH- catalysis. No primary salt effect was observed in the acid region, but a positive salt effect was observed at pH 9.4. A general base catalytic effect by a phosphate buffer species was observed at pH 7-8. The pH-rate profile for I exhibited a degradation minimum at pH 6.05. The Arrhenius activation energies determined at pH 4.0 and 9.4 were 27.2 and 24.5 kcal/mole, respectively. Excellent agreement between the theoretical pH-rate profile and the experimental data supported the hypothesized degradation process. A comparison of I and cefazolin revealed close structural and stability analogies. PMID- 41932 TI - Factors affecting theophylline clearances: age, tobacco, marijuana, cirrhosis, congestive heart failure, obesity, oral contraceptives, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and ethanol. PMID- 41934 TI - On the capacity of presynaptic alpha receptors to modulate norepinephrine release from slices of rat neocortex and the affinity of some agonists and antagonists for these receptors. PMID- 41935 TI - Acidosis inhibits the hypocalcemic effect of acetazolamide. AB - The effect of acetazolamide on calcium metabolism was examined using sham operated, ureter-ligated and nephrectomized rats. Acetazolamide doses from 10 to 500 mg/kg produced significant hypocalcemic effects in ureter-ligated and nephrectomized rats. However, doses of acetazolamide up to 1000 mg/kg were devoid of hypocalcemic activity when administered to sham-operated rats. Sham-operated rats exhibited an acidotic response to acetazolamide while ureter-ligated rats did not. Attenuation of this drug-induced acidotic response with i.p. injections of tris(hydroxymethyl)amino-methane uncovered a hypocalcemic effect of acetazolamide in sham-operated rats. Also, the hypocalcemia associated with acetazolamide treatment of ureter-ligated rats was negated when an acidosis was induced by prior injection of NH4Cl. These data indicate that the administration of inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase produces a hypocalcemia when a metabolic acidosis is not present. PMID- 41936 TI - Saturable binding of adenosine to the dog heart microsomal fraction: competitive inhibition by aminophylline. PMID- 41937 TI - Some membrane interactions with bepridil, a new antianginal agent. PMID- 41938 TI - Renal excretion of pseudoephedrine in the rat. AB - Pseudoephedrine is an organic base used in the treatment of upper respiratory tract disorders. Surgical techniques and experimental procedures were developed to study the renal elimination mechanisms for this drug in the rat. The ability to measure renal clearance accurately and to demonstrate renal secretion by a carrier-mediated transport system was verified by comparing results from N' methylnicotinamide (NMN) excretion studies with literature results. Renal tubular secretion of NMN was shown to be saturable and was inhibited by mepiperphenidol to the same extent as that reported in the literature. Pseudoephedrine was cleared by the kidney at a rate in excess of inulin and close to or possibly greater than renal plasma flow. In addition to filtration and secretion, pseudoephedrine appeared to be subject to pH dependent passive reabsorption. When the secretion of pseudoephedrine was studied in detail, it was found to be nonsaturable for plasma levels of pseudoephedrine ranging from 0.16 to 1.5 microgram/ml. Secretion, however, was inhibited by mepiperphenidol suggesting a carrier-mediated process. PMID- 41939 TI - Renal calcium and magnesium excretion during vasopressin administration into sheep with acid or alkaline urine. AB - 1. The proposition that changes in renal calcium excretion during vasopressin administration are positively correlated with concurrent changes in urine hydrogen ion concentration was tested by administration of vasopressin into twelve conscious diuresing sheep receiving either alkalinizing or acidifying infusions. 2. Vasopressin-induced antidiuresis in sheep with alkaline urine was associated with significant increases in urinary pH and decreases in the rate of calcium excretion whereas antidiuresis in sheep with acid urine was associated with significant decreases in urinary pH and no consistent effect on calcium excretion. 3. Magnesium excretion increased during vasopressin administration in most experiments regardless of urinary pH changes. 4. Vasopressin administration did not significantly alter the rate of excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride and phosphate or the rates of sodium, potassium, chloride, inulin, para aminohippurate and osmolal clearance in sheep with either acid or alkaline urine. Potassium excretion and clearance in sheep with alkaline ruine was higher than that of sheep with acid urine during vasopressin infusion. 5. The results support the hypothesis that changes in renal tubular hydrogen ion concentration or bicarbonate concentration caused by water reabsorption from the collecting duct and possibly the late distal tubule could be part of the explanation for changes in renal calcium excretion which occur during vasopressin-induced antidiuresis. PMID- 41941 TI - Abstracts of Presentations at the Psycholinguistics Circle of New York, 1978 1979. PMID- 41940 TI - Electroreceptors. Round Table of the XXVIIth International Congress of Physiological Sciences. Paris, July 20-21th, 1977. PMID- 41942 TI - Abnormal testes in reindeer, Rangifer tarandus. AB - In a sample of reindeer from South Georgia, 4 males were abnormal in that 1 had bilateral cryptorchid testis, 2 each had 1 cryptorchid testis and 1 had a vestigial testis. The antlers of the cryptorchid males were small, but the antler cycle itself was hardly affected. PMID- 41943 TI - Effect on fertility of storing fowl semen for 24 h at 5 degrees C in fluids of different pH. AB - Improved storage of fowl semen above 0 degree C was achieved by adjusting the pH of the diluent. The fertility obtained with semen stored for 24 h at 5 degrees C in diluents buffered at different pH values was compared with that of semen stored in a basic, unbuffered solution. The most satisfactory result was achieved with diluent buffered at pH 6.8 OR 7.1. Worst fertility was obtained at pH 5.8 and pH 7.4 did not prove very satisfactory. There were indications that the effect of pH under the conditions of the experiment was to regulate metabolism and thereby influence the maintenance of the fertilizing ability of the spermatozoa. PMID- 41944 TI - Response to cryptorchidism of the testis and epididymis of the opossum (Didelphis virginiana). AB - Adult male opossums, Didelphis virginiana, were rendered hemicryptorchid for 35 days. The cyrptorchid testis exhibited a significant reduction in weight, while the contralateral testis had a compensatory weight gain compared with testes of untreated animals. Histological changes in the cryptorchid testis included fibrosis of the tunica propria, involution of the seminiferous tubules and an apparent increase in the interstitial tissue. Many seminiferous tubules were empty and germinal cells were absent. Some Sertoli cells persisted, but the cytoplasm was vacuolated. Cryptorchid testes were characterized by mononuclear leucocytic invasion around the tubules, and some eosinophils were observed. Cryptorchidism in the opossum may induce a reaction similar to experimental orchitis. PMID- 41945 TI - Effect of sodium and potassium concentrations and pH on the maintenance of motility of rabbit and rat epididymal spermatozoa. AB - Spermatozoa were collected from the caput and cauda epididymidis of rabbits and rats and diluted in Hank's solution containing BSA, with various concentrations of Na+ and K+. Ionic strength and osmolarity were kept constant. Motility was assessed at various intervals during incubation at 25 degrees C. In the pH range 7.05--7.20, the motility of rabbit spermatozoa was not affected by changes in the ratio of K+ to Na+. Similarly, the motility of rat cauda spermatozoa was not altered, but that of caput spermatozoa was slightly depressed by a high K+/Na+ ratio. In the pH range 5.45--5.85, rabbit cauda and caput spermatozoa had much greater motility in media with a high K+/Na+ ratio. The reverse result was obtained for the rat. These findings indicate that the motility of epididymal spermatozoa is influenced by external Na+ and K+ concentrations and that this phenomenon is pH-dependent. PMID- 41946 TI - The identity of the acid and alkaline phosphatases of human seminal plasma. AB - Examination of human seminal plasma showed that there was no p nitrophenylphosphatase activity maximum at alkaline pH values. A constant ratio of enzyme activities in 8 split ejaculates, identical temperature dependence and copurification through a three-step purification procedure led us to conclude that the alkaline phosphatase in human semen is identical to acid phosphatase. PMID- 41947 TI - Prostaglandin E-2-9-ketoreductase in ovarian tissues. AB - The existence of the enzyme prostaglandin E-2-9-ketoreductase which can convert prostaglandin E-2 to prostaglandin F-2 alpha was indicated in experiments with pig and human ovarian tissues in vitro, using radioimmunoassay methods and a superfusion technique. Further studies involving radiotracer techniques demonstrated that the enzyme was localized in the high-speed (105 000 g) supernatant fraction of human, pig and rat luteal tissue and human stromal tissue. The enzyme was shown to be NADPH-dependent and its activity in luteal tissue increased in the order : pig less than human less than rat. PMID- 41948 TI - Symposium: The role of macrophages in tumor immunology. PMID- 41949 TI - (2,6-Methano-3-benzazocin-11 beta-yl)alkanones. 1. Alkylalkanones: a new series of N-methyl derivatives with novel opiate activity profiles. AB - A general stereospecific synthesis of (N-methyl-2,6-methano-3-benzazocin-11 beta yl)alkanones is described and applied to the preparation of a series of alkyl ketones wherein the alkyl group is a straight or terminally branched chain containing from one to six carbon atoms. Several compounds with methoxy groups in the aromatic ring are in the morphine range of potency; they are uniformly inactive as phenazocine antagonists. Phenolic analogues range up to 100 times as potent as morphine. Those containing five or six carbon atoms in the alkyl group exhibit phenazocine antagonist activity, in one case equivalent to naloxone. This compound (3e) is selective for phenazocine in its antagonist action. PMID- 41950 TI - Synthesis, assignment of absolute configuration, and receptor binding studies relevant to the neuroleptic activities of a series of chiral 3-substituted cyproheptadine atropisomers. PMID- 41951 TI - "Fingerprinting" beta-haemolytic streptococci by their production of and sensitivity to bacteriocine-like inhibitors. AB - A scheme for the "fingerprinting" of streptococci according to their production of (P typing) and sensitivity to (S typing) bacteriocine-like inhibitory substances has been developed. P typing of 450 beta-haemolytic streptococci by their action on a set of nine standard indicator strains revealed that 80% of strains produced one or more detectable inhibitors, and that 17 different P types could be recognised. Production of some inhibitors seemed to be a property of strains of a particular serological group or type. Bacteriocine-like substances were produced by streptococci of serological groups, A, B, C, D, E, F and G. Nine strains were selected as standard producers for S typing. These strains differed in their spectra of inhibition, but all seemed to be active only against gram positive bacteria. One producer, a group-F streptococcus, specifically inhibited group-A streptococci. The conditions of incubation were critical for demonstration of inhibitor production. A requirement for blood and for incubation at 32 degrees C were important factors. None of the inhibitors was induced by ultraviolet irradiation. The observed inhibitory effects were not attributable to either hydrogen peroxide or low pH, but to the production of a variety of substances having diverse physicochemical properties and production requirements. Most of the inhibitors do not seem to be produced in liquid media. The "fingerprinting" procedure is simple and inexpensive, and provides a reliable means of subdividing streptococcal strains that may find application as a supplement to the existing serological typing schemes. PMID- 41952 TI - Transition of bacterial flagella from helical to straight forms with different subunit arrangements. PMID- 41953 TI - Characterization of an immune complex kinase in immunoprecipitates of avian sarcoma virus-transformed fibroblasts. AB - Kinase activity detected in immune complexes containing the src gene product of the avian sarcoma virus has been reported. To further characterize this immune complex kinase, we developed a routine quantitative assay involving trichloroacetic acid precipitation on filters. The enzyme reaction required either Mg2+ or Mn2+, but was inactive with Ca2+. The kinetics of the phosphorylation reaction indicated a transient enzyme activity limited by rapid substrate-dependent inactivation of the enzyme. A variety of nucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dATP, ATP, GTP, CTP, dGTP, TTP, dCTP) served as phosphoryl donors. The phosphorylation of immunoglobulin G was inhibited by the presence of nucleoside diphosphates. Deoxyribonucleoside diphosphates can either stimulate or inhibit the kinase reaction depending upon the concentration used. The unusual enzymatic properties of the immune complex kinase raise the possibility that the enzyme does not function as a protein kinase in vivo, but rather belongs to a different class of kinases (nucleotide kinases) which adventitiously phosphorylates immunoglobulin G when immunoprecipitated with immune serum. PMID- 41954 TI - Fatty metaplasia in a postpubertal undescended testis: a case report. AB - The first case of intratesticular fatty metaplasia in a postpubertal undescended testis is presented. Its differential diagnosis and etiology are discussed briefly. PMID- 41955 TI - [A clinical observation of cefuroxime in pediatric field (author's transl)]. AB - Cefuroxime, a new synthetic cephalosporin, was administered to 10 pediatric patients (6 with respiratory tract infection, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with sepsis of E. coli and 1 with enterocolitis). The clinical result was good and excellent in all the 10 cases. No side effect was observed in any of them. PMID- 41956 TI - [Sex differences in serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 41957 TI - [Biochemical and morphological study on hepato-toxicity of azathioprine in rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 41958 TI - Effects of hyperglycemia and hyperthermia on the pH, glycolysis, and respiration of the Yoshida sarcoma in vivo. AB - Tissue (extracellular) pH (pHe) and intracellular pH (pHi) were measured together in vivo in the solid Yoshida sarcoma and normal organs (liver, gastrocnemius muscle) of noninbred Wistar rats. pHe was monitored by insertion of a miniature capillary glass electrode, and pHi was measured indirectly by equilibrium partitioning of the weak organic acid 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione across the cell membrane. Under normal conditions, tumor, liver, and gastrocnemius had a similar pHe of 7.05--7.30; tumor pHi was consistently higher (7.2) than that of the normal tissues (6.8--7.1). Curative hyperthermia (42 degrees C for 1 hr) did not significantly change tumor pHe or pHi. After ip glucose injection [6 g/kg body wt; blood glucose level greater than 400 mg/100 ml (22 mmoles/liter) for 4 hr], tumor pHe decreased markedly to 6.6 within 4 hours and did not return to normal for a further 12--14 hours, whereas tumor pHi was hardly affected. No marked change was noted in pHe or pHi of the normal organs following glucose loading of the host. In tumor slices removed from hyperglycemic hosts, marked reduction of both respiration and glycolysis was observed. Hyperglycemia (4 hr) plus hyperthermia at 40 degrees C (1 hr) had a synergistic inhibitory effect on metabolism that was equivalent to heat alone at 42 degrees C, and respiration and glycolysis almost ceased after 3--4 hours. However, tumor heating at 40 degrees C in hyperglycemic hosts was not equivalent to hyperthermia at 42 degrees C: With the former treatment, tumor regression did not occur, and animal survival did not differ from that of control untreated rats. The data do not support the postulate that the effects of heat on tumor cells are mediated via low pHi or that hyperglycemia leads to a lowered pHi which sensitizes the tumor to destruction at 40 degrees C instead of 42 degrees C. PMID- 41959 TI - [11th Scandinavian Midwifery Congress]. PMID- 41960 TI - [Scandinavian Midwifery Congress in Oslo, 13-15 June 1979]. PMID- 41961 TI - A follow-up study on ECG changes due to neuroleptics. PMID- 41962 TI - [Renal function in heart diseases]. PMID- 41963 TI - [Hormone and mediator content in the blood of the adrenals and in the peripheral blood in hypertension]. AB - The concentration of the fractions of corticosteroids, aldosterone, catecholamines, and cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP) in blood of the adrenal veins and the activity of renin in blood of the renal veins were studied in 22 patients with stages IIA and IIB hypertensive disease. At the same time the content of these substances in the peripheral blood was determined and compared with the level of steroid and catecholamine excretion in the daily urine. An increase in the content of free 11 OCS and F fractions in the peripheral blood and blood of the adrenal veins was revealed in all patients examined. PMID- 41964 TI - Effect of hypercapnic acidosis on renal water excretion in the dog. PMID- 41965 TI - Effect of calcium and hydrogen ion on the fibrinolytic activity of isolated renal glomeruli from rat. PMID- 41966 TI - Methylmalonic acidemia. PMID- 41967 TI - Effect of cyclic AMP on hydrogen ion secretion by turtle urinary bladder. PMID- 41968 TI - Abstracts. Dutch Society of Nephrology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, November 11, 1978. PMID- 41969 TI - European Dialysis and Transplant Association, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 17 20, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 41970 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the changes in the testis in certain forms of hypogonadism in young men]. PMID- 41971 TI - [Non-invasive determination of oxygen saturation with the oxygenmet pulse wave oximeter on fingers, metacarpus and wrist of infants. Comparison with the oxygen saturation calculated from the pH and pO2 of the blood gas analysis (author's transl)]. AB - Oxygen saturation was determined non-invasively with the oxygenmet pulse wave oximeter 1471 and mathematically from the pH and pO2 of the blood gas analysis. The determination of the oxygen saturation by the aid of the oximetric method was carried out on fingers, metacarpus and wrist of 80 infants (male = 44, female = 36 - ages: 1 day - 1 year and 8 months). Blood gas analysis was done just behind the oximetric analysis and oxygen saturation was calculated from the pH and pO2. The comparison of the oxygen saturations determined non-invasively on fingers, metacarpus and wrist among themselves, showed no statistical significant differences. Also no statistical significant differences were observed between the results obtained with the pulse wave oximeter and the results calculated from the blood gas analysis. The comparison of the oxygen saturations determined with the oxygenmet oximeter (mean of fingers, metacarpus, wrist) with the oxygen saturations calculated from the blood gas analysis showed a very close correlation. The correlation coefficient was 0.930. PMID- 41972 TI - [Panarteritis nodosa in an 11 year old boy]. AB - The polyarteritis nodosa is a disease which can be observed in children. Its occurence in early infancy is extremely seldom and infants who contract this disease show a remarkable rate of high mortality. In 4 cases of polyarteritis in early infancy death occured within the age of three months (8, 9, 12, 13). Patients who contract this disease have involvements of different organs. This report discribes a case of polyarteritis nodosa in an older child of 12 years of age with renal, cerebral and cardiac involvement. The histological clinical and laboratory findings are discussed. PMID- 41973 TI - [2d European Conference of Nurse-Researchers in Copenhage, 27-29 August 1979]. PMID- 41974 TI - alpha-Glucosidase in Pompe's disease. AB - Isoelectric precipitation at pH 5.0 and the use of the inhibitors, turanose, maltose and citrate, enabled the diagnosis of Pompe's disease to be made in dextran-isolated leucocytes using 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside as substrate. These techniques were unnecessary with lymphocytes as the deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase could be shown directly. PMID- 41975 TI - The characteristics of acid 1,4-alpha-glucosidase in various human adult and fetal tissues. PMID- 41976 TI - Binding of steroids by a partially purified periplasmic protein from Pseudomonas testosteroni. PMID- 41977 TI - Molecular nature of interaction of steroids with biomembranes related to androgen biosynthesis. PMID- 41978 TI - Plasma testosterone concentrations in normal and estrogen treated mice of three strains differing in susceptibility to induction of Leydig cell tumors. PMID- 41979 TI - The relationship between serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level and reported alcohol consumption in healthy men. PMID- 41980 TI - Alcohol intake, ratio of plasma alpha-amino-n-butyric acid to leucine, and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in nonalcoholics. AB - In a sample of healthy men, there appeared to be no relationship between reported drinking and the ratio of plasma alpha-amino-n-butyric acid to leucine or between this ratio and an index of liver dysfunction (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase). PMID- 41981 TI - Neurotransmitters as ion shuttles in regulation of neural activity. PMID- 41982 TI - Clinical evaluation of Reladorm-Polfa. PMID- 41983 TI - Diagnosis and management of fetal distress. AB - Both biophysical and biochemical techniques may be used to diagnose fetal distress. Fetal heart rate monitoring should be thought of as a screening technique to define a population at significant risk for fetal acidosis. The addition of fetal scalp blood sampling improves the clinician's diagnostic accuracy. The hallmark of treatment is to alleviate the stress on the fetus, to restore intervillous and cord blood flow, and, hence, to improve fetal oxygenation. This improvement may be accomplished by (1) discontinuing oxytocin, (2) correcting maternal hypotension, (3) administering oxygen to the mother, and (4) attempting to alleviate cord compression by changing the relationship of the fetal presenting part to the umbilical cord and pelvis. PMID- 41984 TI - Decay pattern of rabbit erythrocyte hexokinase in cell aging. AB - As previously reported, during rabbit red blood cell aging glucose phosphorylating activities show several modifications. In the first period of the red cell life span the predominant form is similar to hexokinase II, while in the mature erythrocyte the predominant glucose phosphorylating activity resembles hexokinase I. In the oldest cells glucose phosphorylating activity has a low affinity (high Km) for glucose. In this paper the modifications of hexokinase in cell aging have been studied in vivo in a young erythrocyte population synchronized by actinomycin D, and in vitro in red cells separated in fractions according to different ages. Since protein synthesis is lacking in the mature red cell, we are inclined to explain the presence of low-affinity hexokinase activity in the oldest erythrocytes as an age-dependent transformation of a primary hexokinase. PMID- 41985 TI - The effect of chronic ethanol administration on central neurotransmitter mechanisms. AB - Rats were maintained on ad lib food and a forced-intake regimen of ehtanol for up to 270 days. The ethanol treatment induced alterations in the metabolism of central catecholamines seen as increased endogenous concentrations of dopamine concomitantly with decreased concentrations of noradrenaline in the limbic forebrain. The synthesis of catecholamines, measured as the accumulation of dopa following inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, was unchanged during chronic ethanol treatment. Local application of dopamine into the nucleus accumbens caused a greater increase in locomotor activity in chronic ethanol rats than in controls thus indicating that chronic ethanol treatment increased the sensitivity at or beyond central dopamine receptors. This phenomenon of functional dopamine receptor supersensitivity was first observed after 5 months of ethanol treatment and lasted for about 4 weeks after cessation of the ethanol treatment. The sensitivity of noradrenergic and cholinergic receptor mechanisms appeared to be unchanged after chronic exposure to ethanol. The effect of the GABAergic drug, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) on the accumulation of dopa after inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase was studied in chronic ethanol rats. The enhancement of the dopa formation in dopaminergic neurons induced by GBL was markedly attenuated after chronic ethanol treatment. The gross behavioural depression by GBL was also weakened. This may indicate that chronic ethanol treatment causes subsensitivity of GABA receptors. PMID- 41986 TI - Quantitative structural analysis and the secretory behaviour of the rat parotid gland after long and short term isoprenaline treatment. AB - Isoprenaline (IPR) was administered as daily subcutaneous injections into newborn rats for a period of 9 weeks (long-term treatment) and into 8 week-old rats for 10 days (short-term treatment). Both the parotid and the submandibular glands increased five- to six-fold in weight in the two groups due to hypoertrophy as well as to hyperplasia. The parotid glands were subjected to electron microscopic stereological analyses and to in vitro secretory studies. The results were compared with non-treated controls. Whereas mean total cell volume in the latter was 807 microns 3 it amounted to 5804 microns 3 in glands from long-term IPR treated rats. A striking increase in size and number of cytoplasmic granules was noted after IPR treatment; there was also a marked decrease in granule electron density as compared with control cells. Granule volume density was 31.2 +/- 1.8% in controls and 58.0 +/- 1.5% in long-term IPR-treated rats. The increase in volume density, however, was accompanied by a relative decrease in amylase and cyclic AMP contents. On a percentage basis, the basal secretion of amylase from incubated IPR-treated parotid glands was markedly higher (roughly twice) than that of control glands; the absolute release of amylase into the medium, however, was only slightly increased. Basal secretion was not energy requiring, which would suggest a passive diffusion. Stimulation by beta-adrenoceptor agonists, including beta 1 and beta 2 selective agents, had no or only a small stimulatory effect in vitro on IPR-treated glands. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP was effective in controls but not in treated glands. Cholinergic stimulation caused a considerable amylase release from glands of IPR-treated rats; this release was comparable to that obtained in controls. The results suggest that superstimulation of the beta adrenoceptor leads to a decreased sensitivity for adrenergic agonists. This may be due to membrane changes (e.g. modified receptor sites) and/or to an altered intracellular metabolism (e.g. a modified turnover of cyclic nucleotides). PMID- 41987 TI - Electrical properties of glassy-carbon electrodes. PMID- 41988 TI - Report on the 18th International Congress of Midwives and Study Tour. September/October 1978. PMID- 41989 TI - Total child-care International Conference. PMID- 41990 TI - Minireview: histamine receptors in brain. PMID- 41991 TI - A novel in vitro method for demonstrating proestrogens. Metabolism of methoxychlor and o,p'DDT by liver microsomes in the presence of uteri and effects on intracellular distribution of estrogen receptors. PMID- 41992 TI - Effect of stress and sympathetic activity on rat cardiac and aortic ornithine decarboxylase activity. PMID- 41993 TI - Retention of nerve terminals in dispersed parotid acinar cells. PMID- 41994 TI - Acetone enhancement of cumene hydroperoxide supported microsomal aniline hydroxylation. PMID- 41995 TI - The influence of glucose, other monosaccharides, and ascorbic acid on tyrosine hydroxylase activity of rat striatal synaptosomes. PMID- 41996 TI - Pharmacologic actions of capsaicin: apparent involvement of substance P and serotonin. PMID- 41997 TI - Dopamine receptors in bovine retina : characterization of the 3H-spiroperidol binding and its use for screening dopamine receptor affinity of drugs. PMID- 41998 TI - Isolation and characterization of phospholipase D from fababeans. AB - An enzyme activity in crude extract of fababeans hydrolyzed phosphatidylcholine-U 14C to produce choline and phosphatidic acid. This enzyme, phospholipase D, was stable at 50 C in the presence of 5 mM DTT but was inactivated at 55 C. The enzyme was precipitated with cold acetone, concentrated between 30% saturation to 40% saturation with ammonium sulphate, absorbed on calcium phosphate gel and eluted with 0.2 M phosphate buffer. This procedure resulted in a 20-fold increase in specific activity. The activity of fababean phospholipase D was much higher when assayed at 38 C than that at room temperature. There was an obligatory requirement for calcium, and for maximal activity 40 mM calcium was required. A narrow pH optimum of about pH 5.7 was observed. The enzyme activity was extremely dependent on substrate dispersion. When 5 mM phosphatidylcholine (PC) was sonicated with increasing levels of sodium dodecyl sulphate (1 mM to 4 mM), the enzyme activity kept increasing. By using equimolar concentrations of PC and sodium dodecyl sulphate (1 mM to 5 mM), the Michaelis constant (Km) was estimated to be 1.74 mM. Addition of choline and serine at 10 mM concentration reduced phospholipase D activity by 31% and 22%, respectively. PMID- 41999 TI - President's address. (what is the MNA as an organization) PMID- 42000 TI - [Acidosis--alkalosis]. PMID- 42001 TI - [The use of mesh transplantations in emergency surgery]. PMID- 42002 TI - [Functional lymphoma capable of restoring the thymic response of an allogeneic mouse]. PMID- 42003 TI - Divalent cation-induced aggregation of chromaffin granule membranes. AB - Divalent cations induce the aggregation of chromaffin granule ghosts (CG membranes) at millimolar concentrations. Monovalent cations produce the same effect at 100-fold higher concentrations. The kinetics of the dimerization phase were followed by light-scattering changes observed in stopped-flow rapid mixing experiments. The rate constant for Ca2+-induced dimerization (kapp) is 0.86-1.0 x 10(9) M-1sec-1, based on the "molar" vesicle concentration. This value is close to the values predicted by theory for the case of diffusion-controlled reaction (7.02 x 10(9) M-1sec-1), indicating that there is no energy barrier to dimerization. Arrhenius plots between 10 degrees and 42 degrees C support this; the activation energy observed, +4.4 Kcal, is close to the value (4.6-4.8 Kcal) predicted for diffusion control according to theory. Artificial vesicles prepared from CG lipids were also found to have cation-induced aggregation, but the rates (values of kapp) were less than 1/100 as large as those with native CG membranes. Also, significant differences were found with respect to cation specificity. It is concluded that the slow rates are due to the low probability that the segments of membrane which approach will be matched in polar head group composition and disposition. Thus large numbers of approaches are necessary before matched segments come into aposition. The salient features of the chromaffin granule membrane aggregation mechanism are as follows: (a) In the absence of cations capable of shielding and binding, the membranes are held apart by electrostatic repulsion of their negatively charged surfaces. (b) The divalent and monovalent cation effects on aggregation are due to their ability to shield these charges, allowing a closer approach of the membrane surfaces. (c) The major determinants of the aggregation rates of CG membranes are proteins which protrude from the (phospholipid) surface of the membrane and serve as points of primary contact. Transmembrane contact between these proteins does not require full neutralization of the surface charge and surface potential arising from the negatively charged phospholipids. (d) After contact between proteins is established, the interaction between membranes can be strengthened through transmembrane hydrogen bonding of phosphatidyl ethanolamine polar head groups, divalent cation-mediated salt bridging, and segregation of phosphatidylcholine out of the region of contact. PMID- 42004 TI - The measurement of intracellular sodium activities in the bullfrog by means of double-barreled sodium liquid ion-exchanger microelectrodes. AB - A double-barreled Na+-selective microelectrode was constructed with monensin as a liquid ion exchanger. The HCl-treated monensin was dissolved in a solvent (Corning 477317) at 10% (weight/weight). Internal reference solution of its ionic barrel was mixture of 0.49 M NaCl and 0.01 M KCl, the pH being adjusted to 3 with 0.1 M citrate-HCl buffer, whereas that of the PD barrel was 0.5 M KCl. Average slope and selectivity ratio (Na+/K+) tested on 10 different microelectrodes were 57.5 +/- 1.87 mV/P(Na) (SEM) and 6.7 +/- 0.44, respectively. The electrical resistance was an order of 10(10) ohm and the response time was less than 10 sec. Using this microelectrode, a free flow micropuncture experiment was carried out in the bullfrog kidney and the intracellular Na+ activity as well as the membrane PD was determined on the proximal tubular cell. Average value (+/- SEM, n = 15) for the intracellular Na+ and K+ was 20.7 +/- 1.56 mEq/L and 61.2 +/- 1.16 mEq/L, respectively, and -68.7 +/- 0.88 mV for the peritubular membrane PD. There was a significant negative correlation between Na+ and K+ activities within the cell, i.e., the lower the ionic activity of cellular Na+ was, the higher the cellular K+, and vice versa, the sum of these two being kept nearly constant. The above finding may be somehow related to the isosmosis in the reabsorptive process across the proximal tubular epithelium. PMID- 42005 TI - Actin from diploid and haploid cells of the myxomycete Physarum flavicomum- comparison with skeletal muscle actin. AB - Glycerinated diploid microplasmodia of Physarum flavicomum exhibited ATP dependent contractility typical of actomyosin controlled systems. Actin was isolated from microplasmodia, haploid amoebae-swarm cells, and rabbit skeletal muscle, by classical methods as well as ATP-DEAE cellulose chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. Actins from all three sources had isoelectric points in the pH 6.5-7.0 range, and behaved similarly during the various isolation procedures. SDS-gel electrophoresis revealed that the actin from microplasmodia and muscle had a molecule weight of about 46,000 daltons while the amoebae-swarm cells possessed proteins of molecular weights of about 46,000 and 51,000 daltons. PMID- 42006 TI - Plaque formation in vitro by Actinomyces viscosus in the presence of Streptococcus sanguis or Streptococcus mutans. AB - Actinomyces viscosus, growing on a tooth in the presence of sucrose, slowly produced a loosely-attached plaque, the pH being 6.1 after 120 h. When the tooth was inoculated simultaneously with A. viscosus and either Streptococcus sanguis or Streptococcus mutans, firmly-adherent plaque was quickly formed and the pH fell below 5 after 33 h with the former Streptococcus and 24 h with the latter. A. viscosus disappeared from each mixed plaque by 120 h. PMID- 42007 TI - Purification and some physicochemical properties of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from sensitized guinea pig lung. PMID- 42008 TI - [Effect of the cultivation conditions on the growth of aspergilli on hydrocarbon media]. PMID- 42009 TI - [Change in the acid-base indices of mixed human saliva in intestinal helminthiases]. PMID- 42010 TI - Treatment of fear-induced aggression in a horse. AB - Desensitization (gradually exposing an animal to a fear-inducing stimulus without evoking the fear response) and counter-conditioning (rewarding the animal for behavior incompatible with the fear response) are highly successful ways of eliminating or reducing fear responses and corresponding aggression. PMID- 42011 TI - Action of histamine on cyclic AMP in guinea pig gastric cells: inhibition by H1- and H2-receptor antagonists. PMID- 42012 TI - Studies on histamine H2 receptors coupled to cardiac adenylate cyclase. Blockade by H2 and H1 receptor antagonists. PMID- 42013 TI - High efficiency coupling between beta-adrenergic receptors and cardiac contractility: direct evidence for "spare" beta-adrenergic receptors. PMID- 42014 TI - Coordinate protein kinase activation and specific enzyme induction by cyclic nucleotide derivatives in intact cultured hepatoma cells. PMID- 42015 TI - The rapid activation of adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase by decapitation and its relationship to a cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylating mechanism. PMID- 42016 TI - Active transport of methadone in synaptosomes. PMID- 42017 TI - The amino acid sequence of a variable region of rabbit b4 chain from an anti-SIII antibody: comparison with light chains of the same sub-group from anti-A-variant carbohydrate antibodies. PMID- 42018 TI - Biological influences on cigarette smoking. PMID- 42019 TI - Seeing things through - 1979 Congress Report. PMID- 42020 TI - Benzodiazepine and beta-adrenergic receptor ligands independently stimulate phospholipid methylation. PMID- 42021 TI - Incorporation of inositol into intact red blood cells. II. Enhancement of gas transport in inositol hexaphosphate-loaded red blood cells. AB - The gas-transport function of red blood cells which have incorporated inositol hexaphosphate is significantly improved by fusion with effector-loaded lipid vesicles. "Right-shifts" of the O2-binding curves of inositol hexaphosphate loaded red blood cells with half-saturation pressures at 37 degrees C up to 98 mmHg are observed. The transformation of 56% of the intracellular haemoglobin into the low affinity state corresponds to an optimum increase of the O2-release capacity of 270%. The CO2 transport is also correspondingly enhanced. The treated red blood cells show no inositol hexaphosphate depletion during a reasonable time. PMID- 42022 TI - Electrophysiological study of Anemonia sulcata toxin (ATX II) at frog neuromuscular junction. PMID- 42023 TI - [TEA-resistant outward current in the somatic membrane of perfused nerve cells]. AB - The outward currents remaining after addition of 20-50 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) to the extracellular solution were studied on perfused isolated neurons from Helix pomatia. A potassium-carried noninactivating outward current with potential-dependence and kinetics different from those of TEA-sensitive potassium currents was found. This TEA-resistant current includes a component depending on the presence of the inward calcium current. It could be abolished by replacing extracellular calcium by magnesium ions, by blocking the calcium channels with extracellular cadmium ions and their distruction by intracellular fluorid ions. An increase in the level of intracellular free carcium (by perfusing the cell with solutions containing Ca-EGTA buffer) potentiated the TEA-resistant component of the outward current and the removal of free calcium by EGTA decreased it. A conclusion is made that the somatic membrane contains outward current channels which can be activated only when calcium ions are bound to its inner surface. PMID- 42024 TI - Effects of chronic monoamine oxidase inhibitor treatment on biogenic amine metabolism in rat brain. PMID- 42025 TI - The value of lorazepam in gas encephalography: a preliminary report. AB - Lorazepam is of value in the performance of gas encephalography. Given with judicious and individualized doses of IV narcotic, it has significantly lessened the morbidity of this examination. We have been particularly impressed with the lack of unpleasant memories for the procedure. The quality of the examination was good through the patients had to be reminded, because of the amnestic effects of the drug, to hold still throughout the 6-s exposure needed for polytomography. PMID- 42026 TI - The effects of vasopressin on memory processes: the role of noradrenergic neurotransmission. PMID- 42027 TI - Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic autonomic neurotransmission mechanisms. PMID- 42028 TI - [Use of Ro5-4200 in bronchoscopy]. AB - A simple technique employing i.v. Ro5-4200 and a local anaesthetic to obtain general anaesthesia prior to bronchoscopy, particularly after chest operations, is described. The optimal sedation offered by Ro5-4200 enables this trying examination to be performed without risk and with the best possible degree of comfort for the patient and the operator. PMID- 42029 TI - Abstracts of the Second European Neuroscience Meeting, Florence, Italy, September 4-9, 1978 sponsored by the European Neuroscience Association. PMID- 42030 TI - Nursing administration: directions for the future. PMID- 42031 TI - Activation of lysyl oxidase by copper. PMID- 42032 TI - Possible role of vitamin E in the conversion of cyanocobalamin to its coenzyme form. PMID- 42033 TI - Antimicrobial treatment of otitis media. PMID- 42034 TI - International Council of Nurses/Council of National-Representatives. PMID- 42035 TI - [Effect of cold exposure in the early postnatal period on the hormone content and tyrosine aminotransferase activity in adult rats]. AB - The cooling of new born rats within the first 7 days of life (15 min, +2--+4 degrees) was shown to lead to stable hormonal changes in their adult state (4 to 5 months): the content of corticosterone and insulin in blood increased twice. The short cooling of adult rats resulted in the increase of trioiodothyronine content and decrease of insulin content in blood and the increased induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in the liver. The data obtained corroborate an idea that the induction of certain biochemical processes during early postnatal period, due to the involvement in the transcription of certain genes, leads to stable changes in the spectrum of metabolic processes and reactions. PMID- 42036 TI - [Report on the Conference for European Nurse Researchers from 27-29 August 1979 in Copenhagen]. PMID- 42037 TI - Carcinoid tumors of the cervix. PMID- 42038 TI - Respiratory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia after elimination of central chemosensitivity. AB - Central respiratory drive responding to pH changes was eliminated by bilateral coagulation or cold block of area S (intermediate area) on the ventral medullary surface in 7 anaesthetized cats. Arterial pH, PCO2, and PO2 (4 cats) and the respiratory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia (6 cats) were observed before and after coagulation. After coagulation in hyperoxia the arterial pH dropped from 7.30 to 7.09, the arterial PCO2 was elevated from 4.80 kPa to 8.17 kPa (6 cats). Ventilation increased by 477 ml at a PCO2a of 6.58 kPa when PO2a was reduced from 39.5 kPa to 8.5 kPa before coagulation, after coagulation ventilation increased by 241 ml (4 cats). The peripheral chemoreceptors guaranteed spontaneous breathing even in hyperoxia. The data reveal that the loss of respiratory homeostasis by elimination of the S areas is due to the loss of central chemosensitive drive with concomitant reduction of peripheral chemoreceptor effect. PMID- 42039 TI - Incomplete cardiac vagal blockade with atropine in the anesthetized dog. AB - In dogs in neurolept-anesthesia the successive administration of alpha- and beta adrenergic blocking agents and atropine, which should cause the functional equivalent of surgical denervation of the heart, always results in a marked tachycardia. The same is observed in conscious dogs, but not during methoxyflurane anesthesia. Bilateral vagotomy and administration of hexamethonium abolish the tachycardia. These observations demonstrate the presence of a vagally mediated chronotropic effect which becomes manifest when the inhibitory vagal effect is eliminated through blockade of the muscarinic receptors with atropine. PMID- 42040 TI - A first for Africa. PMID- 42041 TI - Students in action. PMID- 42042 TI - Malaria: keeping watch for a hidden danger. PMID- 42043 TI - [Role of pyrazinamide in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in the light of comparison of the data of the International Antituberculosis Union in Istanbul in 1977 and the materials of the conference in Bialystok]. PMID- 42044 TI - [Various clinical and physiopathological aspects of polycystic kidney]. PMID- 42045 TI - [Tissue typing before bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 42046 TI - [Enzyme complex celloconingine P10x]. AB - The composition and properties of the enzyme preparation celloconingine P10x were studied. The preparation contained a number of citolytic enzymes and showed proteolytic and amylolytic activities. Optimal conditions for the enzyme action were found to be: for total citolytic and hemicellulase activities pH 5.2-6.2 and 45-55 degrees, for endo-beta-glucanase activity pH 4.2-5.2 and 58-62 degrees, for proteolytic activity pH 4.0-4.8 and 64-68 degrees, and for amylolytic activity pH 3.6-4.2 and 60-66 degrees C. PMID- 42047 TI - [Comparative evaluation of methods for isolating total protein from the biomass of Spirulina platensis]. AB - The methods of extracting total protein from the biomass of Spirulina platensis are discussed. The results of studying different procedures of cell wall disruption, soluble protein extraction and precipitation are presented. The best results can be obtained using mechanical disintegration of Spirulina cells for 20 min (at a temperature not higher than 25 degrees C), soluble protein extraction with 0.4% NaOH, and its subsequent precipitation at the isoelectric point with 5% HCl. PMID- 42048 TI - [Oxido-reductive reactions in the transformation of hydrocortisone and prednisolone by adsorbed cells of Mycobacterium globiforme, strain 193]. PMID- 42049 TI - [Biosynthesis of lipase by the mold fungus Rhizopus species, strain 3-3]. AB - Cultivation of the microscopic fungus Rhizopus sp. str. 3-3--producer was investigated. Properties of lipase were studied. The technical preparation liparisopin G3x was obtained and examined. pH optimum of the preparation was within 6.0--7.0 and temperature optimum was 37 degrees C (olive oil used as substrate). PMID- 42050 TI - [Preparation and properties of acid proteinase from Aspergillus awamori]. AB - From the culture liquid filtrate of Aspergillus awamori 78-2 a preparation of acid proteinase was isolated and its properties were described. This producer was shown to have a peculiar capacity of synthesizing under submerged conditions extracellular acid proteinase as the sole proteolytic enzyme. The preparation of acid proteinase showed a comparatively high hydrolyzing capacity. Under optimal conditions the enzyme degraded hemoglobin and albumin almost completely. The possibility of purifying and concentrating acid proteinase on the ion-exchange resin KB 51 X 2 was explored. PMID- 42051 TI - [Thermal inactivation of milk lipoprotein lipase]. AB - The kinetics of thermal inactivation of cow's milk lipoprotein lipase (LPL) was studied. LPL inactivation can be described by the first order q equation. Thermodynamic parameters of LPL inactivation were calculated. In the range of physiological temperatures LPL existed as two conformers. The temperature of conformation conversion was 41.5 degrees C. Glycerol increased thermal stability of milk, whereas water dilution of milk, pH shift to the acid or alkaline zone, and glycine addition to milk decreased it. It is suggested that casein micellae stabilize milk LPL. PMID- 42052 TI - [Immobilization of glucoamylase and acid proteinase on modified silichrome using N-carbethoxy-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline]. AB - Using N-carbethoxy-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydrochinoline, glucoamylase and acid proteinase were immobilized on silochrome C-80 modified by gamma-aminopropyl triethoxy silane and then succinic anhydride. The maximum percentage of protein binding was 46.0 for glucoamylase and 35.0 for acid proteinase. Acid proteinase showed a decrease of specific activity. PMID- 42053 TI - Selection in vitro. PMID- 42054 TI - Evolution of enzyme structure. AB - Three-dimensional structures of enzymes offer evidence about their evolution. There are clear examples of divergent families (e.g. mammalian serine proteases) and convergence (e.g. chymotrypsin and subtilisin). Topological similarities in dehydrogenases may reflect an ancient divergence or merely chemical constraints on protein architectures. Further experimental evidence is desirable to back up arguments based on molecular morphology. By growing microorganisms on novel foodstuffs in a chemostat, one can focus selective pressure on a specific enzyme activity. Experiments will be described in which such pressure is focused on pentitol metabolism. Examination of the fine structure of the genes responsible for this pentitol metabolism has given clues about the volution of metabolic pathways. PMID- 42055 TI - The evolution of genetic diversity. AB - The existence within natural populations of large amounts of genetic variation in molecules and morphology presents an evolutionary problem. The 'neutralist' solution to this problem, that the variation is usually unimportant to the organism displaying it, has now lost much of its strength. Interpretations that assume widespread heterozygous advantage also face serious difficulties. A resolution is possible in terms of frequency-dependent selection by predators, parasites and competitors. The evidence for pervasive frequency-dependent selection is now very strong. It appears to follow naturally from the behaviour of predators, from the evolutionary lability of parasites, from the ecology of competition and, at the molecular level, from the phenomena of enzyme kinetics. Such selection can explain the maintenance not only of conventional polymorphism but also of continuous variation in both molecular and morphological characters. It can account for the occurrence of diversity within groups of haploid and self fertilizing organisms, and for the evolution of differences between individuals in their systems of genetic control. PMID- 42056 TI - Game theory and the evolution of behaviour. AB - How far can game theory account for the evolution of contest behaviour in animals? The first qualitative prediction of the theory was that symmetric contests in which escalation is expensive should lead to mixed strategies. As yet it is hard to say how far this is borne out, because of the difficulty of distinguishing a 'mixed evolutionarily stable strategy' maintained by frequency dependent selection from a 'pure conditional strategy'; the distinction is discussed in relation to several field studies. The second prediction was that if a contest is asymmetric (e.g. in ownership) then the asymmetry will be used as a conventional cue to settle it. This prediction has been well supported by observation. A third important issue is whether or not information about intentions is exchanged during contests. The significance of 'assessment' strategies is discussed. PMID- 42057 TI - Arms races between and within species. AB - An adaptation in one lineage (e.g. predators) may change the selection pressure on another lineage (e.g. prey), giving rise to a counter-adaptation. If this occurs reciprocally, an unstable runaway escalation or 'arms race' may result. We discuss various factors which might give one side an advantage in an arms race. For example, a lineage under strong selection may out-evolve a weakly selected one (' the life-dinner principle'). We then classify arms races in two independent ways. They may be symmetric or asymmetric, and they may be interspecific or intraspecific. Our example of an asymmetric interspecific arms race is that between brood parasites and their hosts. The arms race concept may help to reduce the mystery of why cuckoo hosts are so good at detecting cuckoo eggs, but so bad at detecting cuckoo nestlings. The evolutionary contest between queen and worker ants over relative parental investment is a good example of an intraspecific asymmetric arms race. Such cases raise special problems because the participants share the same gene pool. Interspecific symmetric arms races are unlikely to be important, because competitors tend to diverge rather than escalate competitive adaptations. Intraspecific symmetric arms races, exemplified by adaptations for male-male competition, may underlie Cope's Rule and even the extinction of lineages. Finally we consider ways in which arms races can end. One lineage may drive the other to extinction; one may reach an optimum, thereby preventing the other from doing so; a particularly interesting possibility, exemplified by flower-bee coevolution, is that both sides may reach a mutual local optimum; lastly, arms races may have no stable and but may cycle continuously. We do not wish necessarily to suggest that all, or even most, evolutionary change results from arms races, but we do suggest that the arms race concept may help to resolve three long-standing questions in evolutionary theory. PMID- 42058 TI - The evolutionary genetics of sexual systems in flowering plants. AB - Population genetic studies of the evolution of breeding systems in flowering plants are reviewed. The selective advantage of a gene's increasing the selfing rate is stressed. In the evolution of outbreeding mechanisms, some strong disadvantage to selfing must therefore be acting; it is suggested that this disadvantage is inbreeding depression. Populations with no absolute barrier to selfing, and with intermediate levels of self-fertilization, appear to be the most likely starting state for the evolution of outbreeding mechanisms. There is some evidence for inbreeding depression in such populations. The evolution of distyly and dioecy are considered in some detail. An explanation for the existence of supergenes controlling these systems is proposed. The breakdown of distyly and tristyly are also considered. The evolution of recombination rates in selfing and outcrossing species is examined briefly. PMID- 42059 TI - The evolution of ageing and longevity. AB - Ageing is not adaptive since it reduces reproductive potential, and the argument that it evolved to provide offspring with living space is hard to sustain for most species. An alternative theory is based on the recognition that the force of natural selection declines with age, since in most environments individuals die from predation, disease or starvation. Ageing could therefore be the combined result of late-expressed deleterious genes which are beyond the reach of effective negative selection. However, this argument is circular, since the concept of 'late expression' itself implies the prior existence of adult age related physiological processes. Organisms that do not age are essentially in a steady state in which chronologically young and old individuals are physiologically the same. In this situation the synthesis of macromolecules must be sufficiently accurate to prevent error feedback and the development of lethal 'error catastrophes'. This involves the expenditure of energy, which is required for both kinetic proof-reading and other accuracy promoting devices. It may be selectively advantageous for higher organisms to adopt an energy saving strategy of reduced accuracy in somatic cells to accelerate development and reproduction, but the consequence will be eventual deterioration and death. This 'disposable soma' theory of the evolution of ageing also proposes that a high level of accuracy is maintained in immortal germ line cells, or alternatively, that any defective germ cells are eliminated. The evolution of an increase in longevity in mammals may be due to a concomitant reduction in the rates of growth and reproduction and an increase in the accuracy of synthesis of macromolecules. The theory can be tested by measuring accuracy in germ line and somatic cells and also by comparing somatic cells from mammals with different longevities. PMID- 42060 TI - Comparison and adaptation. AB - It has sometimes been suggested that the term adaptation should be reserved for differences with a known genetic basis. We argue that adaptation should be defined by its effects rather than by its causes as any difference between two phenotypic traits (or trait complexes) which increases the inclusive fitness of its carrier. This definition implies that some adaptations may arise by means other than natural selection. It is particularly important to bear this in mind when behavioural traits are considered. Critics of the 'adaptationist programme' have suggested that an important objection to many adaptive explanations is that they rely on ad-hoc arguments concerning the function of previously observed differences. We suggest that this is a less important problem (because evolutionary explanations generally claim some sort of generality and are therefore testable) than the difficulties arising from confounding variables. These are more widespread and more subtle than is generally appreciated. Not all differences between organisms are directly adapted to ecological variation. The form of particular traits usually constrains the form of value that other traits can take, presenting several obstacles to attempts to relate variation in morphological or behavioural characteristics directly to environmental differences. We describe some of the repercussions of differences in body size among vertebrates and ways in which these can be allowed for. In addition, a variety of evolutionary processes can produce non-adaptive differences between organisms. One way of distinguishing between these and adaptations is to investigate adaptive trends in phylogenetically different groups of species. PMID- 42061 TI - The question of adaptive sex ratio in outcrossed vertebrates. AB - Of various published theories of adaptive control of progeny sex ratio only two are plausible, a physiological theory by Trivers & Willard, and a demographic theory by Verner. The first applies to species in which sons and daughters impose different costs on parents, and in which only one or very few young are produced at once. They ought to show positive correlations in the sex of successive offspring and high sex-ratio variance among progenies. Verner's theory postulates a minimization of competition for mates in neighbourhoods subject to random fluctuation in sex ratio. Optimal progenies would exactly match the population's evolutionary equilibrium sex ratio. There would be little variance among progenies. Evidence from vertebrates is unfavourable to either theory and supports, instead, a non-adaptive model, the purely random (Mendelian) determination of sex. The apparent absence of parental control of progeny sex ratio is a serious theoretical difficulty. PMID- 42062 TI - The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. AB - An adaptationist programme has dominated evolutionary thought in England and the United States during the past 40 years. It is based on faith in the power of natural selection as an optimizing agent. It proceeds by breaking an oragnism into unitary 'traits' and proposing an adaptive story for each considered separately. Trade-offs among competing selective demands exert the only brake upon perfection; non-optimality is thereby rendered as a result of adaptation as well. We criticize this approach and attempt to reassert a competing notion (long popular in continental Europe) that organisms must be analysed as integrated wholes, with Bauplane so constrained by phyletic heritage, pathways of development and general architecture that the constraints themselves become more interesting and more important in delimiting pathways of change than the selective force that may mediate change when it occurs. We fault the adaptationist programme for its failure to distinguish current utility from reasons for origin (male tyrannosaurs may have used their diminutive front legs to titillate female partners, but this will not explain why they got so small); for its unwillingness to consider alternatives to adaptive stories; for its reliance upon plausibility alone as a criterion for accepting speculative tales; and for its failure to consider adequately such competing themes as random fixation of alleles, production of non-adaptive structures by developmental correlation with selected features (allometry, pleiotropy, material compensation, mechanically forced correlation), the separability of adaptation and selection, multiple adaptive peaks, and current utility as an epiphenomenon of non-adaptive structures. We support Darwin's own pluralistic approach to identifying the agents of evolutionary change. PMID- 42063 TI - Introduction to general discussion. Evolution of adaptation by natural selection. PMID- 42064 TI - The Wilkins Lecture, 1979: of the local movement of animals. AB - In 1627, William Harvey was writing notes for a treatise on the movement of animals, De motu locali animalium, which in the event he neither published nor completed. As its very existence was unknown until its publication in 1959, Harvey's contribution to the study of the physiology of muscle has been unnoticed. In this treatise he deals with the different kinds of animal locomotion and examines the part played by the various motive organs, the muscles and their component parts, and the nerves. He is concerned with the problems of the initiation movement and of the complexity and diversity of movement involved in any single action. Though he could reach no satisfactory comclusion for any of these problems, the quality of his observations and of the questions that he asks is such as to justify an examination of his position relative to the muscle physiologists of the later seventeenth century. PMID- 42065 TI - The lamina splendens of articular cartilage is an artefact of phase contrast microscopy. AB - The so-called lamina splendens of articular cartilage is shown to be a characteristic of phase contrast microscopy; this technique provides no evidence for an anatomically distinct surface layer. Fresnel diffraction occurs at edges separating regions of different refractive indices. These diffraction effects, when viewed under phase contrast, lead to the appearance of a bright line along the edge. PMID- 42066 TI - Synaptic transmission: ion concentration changes in the synaptic cleft. AB - Currents flowing through the postsynaptic membrane of an active synapse will tend to change the concentrations of ions in the synaptic cleft. Published experimental data are used to predict (a) the sodium and potassium concentration changes in the cleft at the frog neuromuscular junction, and (b) the sodium depletion in the cleft under a Ia synaptic bouton on a cat motoneuron. Significant concentration changes are predicted at both synapses. These changes will contribute to the time dependence of the observed current and will cause the reversal potential of the current to be time dependent. At the frog neuromuscular junction, the time course of the endplate current has been shown previously to depend on the magnitude of the current flowing (at a given potential). We attribute this to changes of the cleft ion concentration. The time dependent changes of the endplate current reversal potential that we predict for the neuromuscular junction are probably too small to be detected. This is because the effects of sodium depletion and potassium accumulation on the reversal potential almost cancel. We predict that near the reversal potential small currents of complex time course will remain, i.e. no true reversl potential exists. Such currents have previously been experimentally. At the cat Ia synapse, the synaptic current is predicted to deplete a significant fraction of the available extracellular sodium ions. Consequently, the magnitude of the synaptic current should be relatively independent of the number of postsynaptic channels activated, and of the membrane potental, as has previously been found experimentally. PMID- 42067 TI - Influence of experimentally induced agranularity on the synaptogenesis of serotonin nerve terminals in rat cerebellar cortex. AB - The serotonin (5-HT) innervation of the posterior vermis was studied by high resolution radioautography in both normal and X-ray-induced agranular rat cerebella, following 3 h topical superfusion with 10(-4) M 3H-5-HT. In the normal cerebellar cortex, 5-HT axonal varicosities are scarce and only rarely exhibit the membrane differentiations characterizing synaptic contacts. In the agranular cerebellum, 5-HT terminals appear to have a much higher density than in normal controls, although their absolute number may not be significantly different when the important reduction in volume of this experimental cerebellum is taken into account. These terminals frequently show typical synaptic contracts. Most of them are established on the branchlet spines of Purkinje cell dendrites, but some are also observed on the shafts of Golgi cell dendrites. The 5-HT innervation of the cerebellar cortex thus undergoes important changes in the absence of granule cells. It is suggested that these modifications may be part of the general reorganization process of the cerebellar circuitry consequent on the early destruction of the external granular layer. This new example of synaptic remodelling could imply that the formation of cerebellar connectivity is modulated, to a certain extent, by the local cellular environment. PMID- 42068 TI - Purification of dispersed rat adrenal cells by column filtration. PMID- 42069 TI - Distribution and environmental synchronization of the marine insect, Halobates robustus, in the Galapagos islands. AB - The following three aspects of the biology of the marine insect Halobates robustus were studied, during a two week observation period, at several sites in the Galapagos Islands: distribution, aggregation behaviour and rhythmicity of locomotory activity. H. robustus occurred in highest numbers on the water surface at shores fringed with mangroves. The aggregations of H. robustus varied according to their location and density. Copulating adults formed dense, floating aggregations, which tended to be close to rocks or mangroves. Late instar nymphs were less aggregated and, in lagoons (where there was some shelter from direct tidal forces), were furthest from the shore. In two types of habitat (mangrove fringed, sandy shores and rocky shores) the aggregations of H. robustus showed a pronounced ability to maintain a floating station in relation to the surrounding environment, irrespective of tidal movements (in one case at 34 m from the nearest fixed objects). Evidence of the ability of the aggregations to maintain station on the water surface was also obtained by comparing the movements of H. robustus with those of floating polystyrene particles, which move passively with wind and tide. Laboratory observations and experiments indicated no clear periodicity in locomotory movements throughout a 24 h period. However, the frequency of encounters between individuals showed two daily peaks, post-dawn and pre-dusk, with fewer encounters during the day and only occasional encounters during the night. By shifting the light-dark cycle it was demonstrated that the daily bimodal rhythm of encounters is triggered by dawn and, since it is not maintained in constant light or dark, an 'hour-glass' mechanism is suggested. The contributions of single adults, of copulating pairs and of immature stages to the overall pattern of activity were also determined. Immature stages did not affect the overall rate of encounters significantly and the interactions between single and copulating pairs of adults appear to have been responsible for the bimodal pattern. PMID- 42070 TI - The behaviour of transporting epithelial cells. I. Computer analysis of a basic model. AB - We analyse the non-steady state behaviour of a computer model representing functional epithelial cells. The results show that a simple model of an epithelium, containing the essential ion transport asymmetries of the original Koefoed-Johnsen-Ussing model, predicts much of the observed behaviour of 'tight type' epithelia under various well characterized experimental conditions. PMID- 42071 TI - Neural tube defects in curly-tail mice. I. Incidence, expression and similarity to the human condition. AB - The incidence of neurovertebral defects in mutant mice of the curly-tail strain was investigated and found to be similar to that observed in the same mice twenty five years ago. The results of breeding experiments support the hypothesis of Gruneberg that the defects in these mice are probably caused by a recessive gene, the expression of which is markedly affected by the genetic background. Selection against the curly-tail phenotype for six generations did not affect the incidence of abnormalities. A marked excess of females was found among exencephalic mice, as among humans with neural tube defects. Similarly, polyhydramnios, hydrocephaly, high levels of amniotic fluid alphafoetoprotein and distinctive, rapidly adhering cells in the amniotic fluid also occurred in these mice, as in humans. The curly-tail mice thus provide a useful model for the investigation of neural tube defects in man. PMID- 42072 TI - Neural tube defects in curly-tail mice. II. Effect of maternal administration of vitamin A. AB - Vitamin A, a known teratogen of the central nervous system, was administered in various doses, at the time of active neural tube closure, to pregnant curly-tail mice which have a genetic predisposition to neural tube defects (n.t.d.), and to A Strong mice, which are not so predisposed. The curly-tail mice showed an enhanced susceptibility to the teratogenic effect of vitamin A given on day 8 of gestation, demonstrating a clear gene-environment interaction. There was a differential response by the two sexes. Females seemed to be more affected by the vitamin A than males. When vitamin A was administered on day 9, instead of day 8, of gestation, the incidence of n.t.d. decreased rather than increased. Furthermore, the number of mice affected by n.t.d. was markedly lower even than that found spontaneously in untreated curly-tail mice. PMID- 42073 TI - Evidence of breakdown of pneumococcal polysaccharides in vivo. PMID- 42074 TI - Paradoxical induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by progesterone in vivo: potentiation of effects of low levels of glucocorticoid hormone. PMID- 42075 TI - Biogenic amine involvement in pyrogenicity and enhancement of lethal endotoxin shock by group A streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin. PMID- 42076 TI - Acidosis, hypercalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia in rat fetuses near term and effects of maternal acid/base loading. PMID- 42077 TI - Effect of zinc ions on the actions of prolactin on RNA and casein syntheses in mouse mammary gland explants. PMID- 42078 TI - Cyclic adenosine 3':5-monophosphate mediation of the effect of dopamine on renin release by renal cortical slices from sodium-deficient rats: modification by dopaminergic and beta-adrenergic receptor blockade. PMID- 42079 TI - Differentiation of the central dopaminergic stimulants apomorphine and lergotrile. PMID- 42080 TI - Tyrosine hydroxylase activity in adrenal medulla of rats following acute and chronic administration of ethanol. PMID- 42081 TI - Evidence for the involvement of a cyclic AMP independent protein kinase in the activation of rat striatal tyrosine hydroxylase. PMID- 42082 TI - Properties of tyrosine hydroxylase in rabbit portal vein: comparison of pentobarbital anesthesia with stunning and decapitation. PMID- 42083 TI - Possible existence of "spare" beta-receptors in rat tracheal smooth muscle. PMID- 42084 TI - The hyperglycemic response to alpha and beta adrenergic agonists in the cat. PMID- 42085 TI - Neurotransmitter systems mediating inhibition of intralaminar thalamic unit activity. PMID- 42086 TI - Regulation of calcium dependent action potentials by neurotransmitters in embryonic heart muscle. PMID- 42087 TI - Adrenergic responses in atria from euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. PMID- 42088 TI - [Therapy of renal calculi]. PMID- 42089 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of hydroxyapatite dissolution in acidic solutions containing dentifrice binders. PMID- 42090 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacologic studies of polymethylpiperidine derivatives (proceedings)]. PMID- 42091 TI - [Pharmacologic spectrum of guanylhydrazones (proceedings)]. PMID- 42092 TI - [Quantitative structure activity relationships of phenylakylamines. 2. Discrimination analysis of adrenergic alpha, anti-arrhythmic and cardiodepressive effects of beta receptor blockers (proceedings)]. PMID- 42093 TI - Effect of experimental hydrothorax on the cough reflex in conscious cats. AB - The authors induced experimental hydrothorax in cats by injecting dextran into the pleural cavity under brief N2O anaesthesia. They examined the parameters of cough -- elicited by mechanical stimulation of the airway mucosa -- and blood gas and pH values under normal conditions and after the injection of 50, 100, 200 and 250 ml dextran. The tests were always performed 30 min after terminating anaesthesia, i.e. in conscious animals. The free fluid in the thorax was found, in conscious cats, to reduce the inspiratory values of cough, but to have no effect on cough expiration. This is in agreement with previous findings showing that the intensity of a cough expiration does not always depend on the intensity of the preceding cough inspiration. According to this finding, the decrease in the expiratory values of cough observed during experimental pleurisy cannot be due to the actual exudate. In cats, experimental hydrothorax in doses of 200 and 250 ml leads to respiratory insufficiency. The authors further found that, for the study of interoception in the airways of conscious cats, which requires experimental induction of pathological conditions under brief anaesthesia, nitrous oxide is a convenient anesthetic. PMID- 42094 TI - Proceedings of the Czechoslovak Physiological Society, February 6--8, 1979. PMID- 42095 TI - [Pipothiazine (piportil) in the treatment of various forms of schizophrenia]. PMID- 42096 TI - [Occurrence of tardive extrapyramidal symptoms in schizophrenic patients undergoing prolonged neuroleptic treatment]. PMID- 42097 TI - Anxiety and the brain: not by neurochemistry alone. PMID- 42098 TI - Cure and care of neurosis. I. Cure. AB - Behavioural psychotherapy has long historical roots. Recently it has led to effective treatment for selected neuroses, including phobic, obsessive-compulsive and sexual disorders. Potent therapy has become a tool of experimental psychopathology which advances theory and practice. A pervasive principle is exposure of the patient to those stimuli which evoke his discomfort until this subsides. Level of arousal during exposure does not affect outcome. Theoretical issues are reviewed which decide when exposure will be sensitizing or habituating. Both psychoanalytical and conditioning models of neurosis are out of date, and models derived more directly from clinical experiment are becoming possible. The aetiology of phobias and rituals can be seen as failed extinction rather than enhanced acquisition. Relevant phylogenetic and biological factors are discussed. At the other extreme, well-documented faith-healing indicates huge gaps in our knowledge of psychotherapy. PMID- 42099 TI - Factors affecting the prescribing of psychotropic drugs in general practice consultations. PMID- 42100 TI - Two Bass Scale factors and response to placebo and anxiolytic drugs. AB - Two principal oblique factors are identified in the Bass Social Acquiescence Scale, a measure previously shown to correlate positively with placebo response and negatively with anxiolytic drug response. The two factors appeared very similar in separate analyses of data from samples of 941 psychiatric outpatients and 1,837 college students. Also, results are presented which indicate that one factor, tentatively labeled "traditionalism", accounted for the empirically observed relationships to placebo and drug response in two clinical trials. PMID- 42101 TI - Interaction between amitriptyline and phenothiazine in man: effect on plasma concentration of amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline and the correlation with clinical response. PMID- 42102 TI - Hemodialysis and schizophrenia. Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maui, Hawaii, 11--13 December 1978. Proceedings. PMID- 42103 TI - Transcultural psychopharmacology in depression: East and West. Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maui, Hawaii, 11--13 December 1978. Proceedings. PMID- 42104 TI - Physical-chemical methodologies in psychiatric research--I. Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, Maui, Hawaii, 11-13 December 1978. Proceedings. PMID- 42105 TI - Use of immunologic techniques in the examination of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators--discussion. PMID- 42106 TI - Resumes of research projects in psychopharmacology. PMID- 42107 TI - Foot care assistants--how much could they help? PMID- 42108 TI - Transient alterations in neurotransmitter activity in the caudate nucleus of rat brain after a high dose of ionizing radiation. PMID- 42109 TI - [Proton sensitization in the gamma radiation lesion of a bacteriophage]. PMID- 42110 TI - Cholinergic false transmitters. PMID- 42111 TI - Vesicular storage and release of cholinergic false transmitters. PMID- 42112 TI - Facilitation, augmentation, and potentiation of transmitter release. PMID- 42113 TI - Drug-receptor interaction at the frog neuromuscular junction. PMID- 42114 TI - Studies on a false transmitter at the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 42115 TI - The ultrastructure of autonomic cholinergic nerves and junctions. PMID- 42116 TI - The cholinergic synapse. Abstracts. PMID- 42117 TI - Functional interactions between neurons and astrocytes I. Turnover and metabolism of putative amino acid transmitters. PMID- 42118 TI - Regulation of nigrostriatal and tuberoinfundibular-hypophyseal dopaminergic neurons. PMID- 42119 TI - [Study of soldered joints of gold alloys by metallography and electron-probe microanalysis]. PMID- 42120 TI - [Results of bone marrow transplantation in severe aplastic anemia. Bibliographic review]. AB - A review of the present results of bone-marrow transplantation (B.M.T.) in severe aplastic anaemia is presented. Nowadays, there is little doubt that for patients with severe aplastic anaemia the treatment of choice is the B.M.T. provided always that a suitable donor exists. If the patient is fortunate enough to have a normal identical twin, the syngeneic B.M.T. without immunosuppresive conditioning must be performed. This is usually successful, though in some patients failures can be observed due to probable immunological interference. This can be overcome by a new syngeneic B.M.T. preceded by immunosuppression. The usual type of suitable donors is an HLA-identical (including locus D) sibling (allogeneic B.M.T.). Approximately 50% of patients treated in this way can become long-term survivors. The chief complications causing mortality from the allogeneic B.M.T. are graft rejection and graft-versus-host-disease (G.V.H.D.). In order to reduce the graft rejection rate, transfusions from marrow-donor and relatives prior to the transplantation should be avoided. Other probable factor influencing the final outcome of the allogeneic B.M.T. are the interval diagnosis transplantation, age of the patient, marrow cell dose, the difference of sex between the donor and the recipients and others. Semi-incompatible and incompatible allogeneic B.M.T. are briefly considered. PMID- 42121 TI - [Laboratory investigation of hemoglobinopathies (author's transl)]. AB - The importance of the haemoglobinopathies, mainly thalassaemia, as a public health problem has been emphasized. The establishment of methods for detection and diagnosis of haemoglobinopathies is the major step in laboratories dedicated to screening anemias. Tables for the diagnosis of alpha and beta thalassaemia are proposed, the methods to identify abnormal haemoglobins are discussed and a map with the relative mobilities of 115 abnormal haemoglobins by electrophoresis in alkaline buffer is shown. PMID- 42122 TI - [Tegumental avulsions. (Exceptional clinical and therapeutic aspects)]. PMID- 42123 TI - [Bronchiolitis. Official theme of the 12th national congress of the Sociedad Chilena de Pediatria held at Concepcion, 19 November 1977]. PMID- 42124 TI - Proceedings of the 1978 Laurentian Hormone Conference. PMID- 42125 TI - The inhibitory effect of bovine rumen fluid on Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The possible fate of Salmonella typhimurium in the rumen was investigated by monitoring rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA), lactate concentrations and pH over periods which included regular feeding and 48 h starvation. Preparations were made containing 50 per cent rumen fluid from the cow or VFA solutions, and then inoculated with S typhimurium. Viable counts before and after incubation for 24 h at 37 degrees C were compared. Incubation in broths with high concentrations of VFA and low pH resulted in a marked decrease in salmonella numbers, while lower VFA concentrations had little or no inhibitory effect on growth. PMID- 42126 TI - The growth of Treponema hyodysenteriae and other porcine intestinal spirochaetes in a liquid medium. AB - A new simple method for the preparation of a liquid medium containing rabbit serum for the propagation of Treponema hyodysenteriae and other porcine intestinal spirochaetes is described. The medium, when dispensed in shallow layers and sealed under 10 per cent CO2 in nitrogen, had a redox potential not greater than -125mV and an initial pH of about 6.9 when buffered with bicarbonate. Growth of T hyodysenteriae developed more rapidly and viable counts reached higher levels at 42 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. Viable counts increased at least 10,000-fold after two to five days' incubation, depending on the temperature. Growth could be initiated from small inocula that failed to produce colonies on blood agar. Using a 1 per cent inoculum, the medium supported the growth of two strains of T hyodysenteriae through 10 serial passages. PMID- 42127 TI - Conditions for in vitro haemolytic activity by Corynebacterium ovis exotoxin. AB - A substance, concluded to be Corynebacterium ovis exotoxin on the basis of properties shared, was found to have haemolytic activity below pH 6 and red cell adhesion activity at neutral or slightly alkaline pH. An acidified, solid blood agar medium was used to demonstrate the extent of haemolysis that could be obtained at optimal pH and its inhibition by immune serum. Culture in a liquid medium giving rise to a suitably acidic pH allowed titration for haemolytic activity by the exotoxin and use of supernatant in a haemolysis-inhibition test to detect antitoxin. PMID- 42128 TI - Diagnostic significance of pH, lactic acid dehydrogenase, lactate and glucose in pleural fluid. AB - The pH, lactic acid dehydrogenase, lactate and glucose of pleural fluid simultaneous with serum lactic acid dehydrogenase, blood lactate and glucose were determined in 105 pediatric patients. The patients were classified into groups according to the diagnosis. The pleural fluid of empyema cases was found to have the lowest pH with a mean value of 6.83 (p less than 0.0075). The malignant pleural fluid has a relatively low pH with a mean value of 7.32. The lactic acid dehydrogenase in pleural fluid of empyema cases has the highest mean of 1,470.68 (p less than 0.05). The lactic acid dehydrogenase was found increased in malignancy, tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion cases. Lactate level was found extremely high in empyema cases with a mean value of 13.68. It was also found extremely high in malignancy, tuberculosis and parapneumonic effusion cases. The glucose level was markedly decreased in empyema cases. There exists correlation of pleural fluid lactate to pH, lactic acid dehydrogenase and glucose, as well as that of pH to lactic acid dehydrogenase. PMID- 42129 TI - Direct determination of luminal diameter changes in intrapulmonary airways. AB - A method is described for the direct measurement of changes in luminal diameter at all levels of the airway. Using this method it was found that (i) abrupt bronchiolar collapse occurred in the preterminal and terminal bronchioles once the luminal diameter was reduced to a critical level: (ii) decreased temperatures resulted in airway narrowing which was reversed by increasing the temperature to above 25 degrees C; as a rule, airway narrowing followed a cranial to caudal direction, and higher concentration of a drug being required to close the peripheral airways; (iii) bronchodilators except Carbuterol had no effect on resting bronchial tone or on acetylcholine-induced constriction in the absence of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade; (iv) at 35 degrees C rhythmic waves (frequency 6- 20/min) were observed; these waves travelled from the periphery in a cranial direction. PMID- 42130 TI - [The Alma-Ata declaration (OMS-UNICEF conference) (author's transl)]. PMID- 42131 TI - [Royal Belgian Society of Gastroenterology]. PMID- 42132 TI - [An overview of biological psychiatry]. PMID- 42133 TI - [Beta-blockers and coronary insufficiency. St. John's College, Cambridge, 12-14 September 1978. Proceedings]. PMID- 42134 TI - [Beta-blockers]. PMID- 42136 TI - Conference on Measurement of Joint Movement. Leeds, 26th January, 1979. PMID- 42135 TI - [The role of beta-blockers in the treatment of coronary diseases]. PMID- 42137 TI - Report of the Combined Meeting of the Heberden Society, The Royal Society of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation and the British Association for Rheumatology and Rehabilitation. Manchester, 12th & 13th July, 1979. PMID- 42138 TI - [Effect of cortisol on gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in the blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of chick embryo (author's transl)]. PMID- 42139 TI - The effect of the structure of frozen material upon the course of freeze-drying and upon some properties of the lyophilizate. PMID- 42140 TI - Non-neuroleptic treatment for schizophrenia. PMID- 42141 TI - Recent studies of psychophysiology in schizophrenia. AB - A general introduction is given and followed by a review of recent literature under the following subheadings: electrodermal activity, cardiovascular activity, smooth pursuit eye movement, electroencephalogram, and evoked potentials. An attempt is made to assess the clinical significance of the findings reported in each area and to indicate directions for future investigation. The feasibility of defining homogeneous subgroups in schizophrenia using psychophysiological parameters is also considered. The review concludes with the recommendation that peripheral psychophysiological studies entailing (1) comprehensive recording of brain electrical activity and (2) behavioral experimentation on variables thought to be influenced by schizophrenia (e.g., sustained attentional ability) are promising directions for future research. Relationships between behavioral and psychophysiological variables determined by such studies (and possibly subgroupings) may then become the basis for neurophysiological-neurochemical investigations of specific abnormalities underlying such relationships and subgroups. PMID- 42142 TI - Covert transport dysfunction in the choroid plexus as a possible cause of schizophrenia. AB - Schizophrenia and certain forms of idiopathic mental retardation may result from covert immune complex disease of the basal lamina of the choroid plexus, a process already known to cause covert transport dysfunction in similar structures of, for example, skin, bowel, kidney, and endocrines. Plexial attack could lead to cerebrospinal fluid contamination and then, via an "open" ependyma, to neurotransmitter dysfunction in the periventricular limbic brain. The immune complex mechanism implies polygenic induction, direct or autoimmune, of immune sensitivity to exogenous agents and is thus compatible with the genetic picture in schizophrenia. Candidate agents include viral coat peptides and cereal grain glutens. The glutens are known to cause immune complex skin and bowell disease variants, and some empirical evidence links them to schizophrenia. Only newer immunofluorescence methods can detect the pathology, which is otherwise silent. Systemic lupus erythematosus provides a model since it is a genetic immune complex disease strongly associated with schizophreniform psychoses, exhibits choroid plexial immunofluorescence but no central nervous system pathology by ordinary methods, and may be triggered by viruses. PMID- 42143 TI - Therapeutic plasma fractions and plasma fractionation (prologue). PMID- 42144 TI - [Activity and safety of fenspiride in bronchial hyperexudation (author's transl)]. AB - This clinical trial of fenspiride (injectable and sustained-release 80 mg tablet) was carried out on patients selected because their bronchopathy was of a hypersecretory type. Interesting results were observed in 20 out of 37 cases, but they were often delayed. This group of patients included a high proportion of patients with major hypersecretion; the efficacy of fenspiride is often evident, (in 8 out of 11 cases) but it is unpredictable individually. It can be concluded from this trial that a long term treatment with fenspiride, well tolerated, can usefully be tried in patients with predominant signs of bronchial hyperexudation. PMID- 42145 TI - [Fetal-maternal monitoring during labor]. PMID- 42146 TI - [Citroglucophosphate, an effective preservative solution for blood]. PMID- 42148 TI - Symposium: adult scoliosis. International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine. San Francisco, California, June 5, 1978. PMID- 42147 TI - Symposium: spinal cord monitoring. Cervical Spine Research Society. Baltimore, Maryland, Dec. 2, 1978. PMID- 42149 TI - Surgical Research Society of Southern Africa. 8th annual meeting, May 9-11th 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 42150 TI - South African Transplantation Society. 8th annual congress, May 6-9th 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 42151 TI - Catecholamine-mediated arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. Experimental evidence and role of beta-adrenoceptor blockade. AB - Ventricular fibrillation is a major mechanism of sudden death. The cellular link between catecholamine activity and the development of serious ventricular arrhythmias may be in the formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Cyclic AMP and agents promoting cAMP accumulation allow development of slow responses which, especially in the presence of regional ischaemia, could develop into ventricular fibrillation. The role of beta-antagonist agents in the therapy of acute myocardial infarction is analysed in relation to the hypothesis linking cAMP and ventricular fibrillation. Reasons for the limited effectiveness of anti arrhythmic therapy with beta-antagonist agents are given. PMID- 42152 TI - Standard oesophageal tests and practice. AB - The specific diagnosis and institution of correct therapy for patients with oesophageal symptoms are only possible after full, sophisticated investigation. This article describes the standard oesophageal tests employed. PMID- 42153 TI - Coronary endarterectomy: an adjunct to coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 42154 TI - [National meeting of the Norwegian Association of Assistant Nurses]. PMID- 42155 TI - [Our brain - an amazing instrument]. PMID- 42156 TI - [The 10th conference on health education]. PMID- 42157 TI - [An island of prosperity in a sea of misery]. PMID- 42158 TI - [Study visit in a behavior therapy ward: patients are active participants during the entire treatment course]. PMID- 42159 TI - [Communication--still a step removed from primary health care: improved nursing communication results in fewer sick days]. PMID- 42160 TI - [Medicinal pain treatment in cancer and terminal conditions: nearly everyone can be maintained painfree until a few days before death]. PMID- 42161 TI - [2d European conference for Nurse Researchers in Copenhagen: the main goal is improved nursing through research and team work]. PMID- 42162 TI - [Council of National Representatives meeting in Nairobi, 24-28 September 1979: highest priorities for activities in wage and employment field]. PMID- 42163 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the nineteenth annual meeting of the Congenital Anomalies Research Association of Japan, Sapporo, Japan, July 11-12, 1979. PMID- 42165 TI - [Annual Congress 1979 and 126th General Meeting]. PMID- 42164 TI - Antiplatelet drugs in a rat microsurgical model of arterial thrombosis. PMID- 42166 TI - [First European Conference Welfare of Livestock Animals]. PMID- 42168 TI - [Research in nursing. II. 2d Conference for European Nurse Researchers - Copenhagen, 27-29 August 1979]. PMID- 42167 TI - [2d Conference for European Nurse Researchers, Copenhagen 27-29 August 1979. Research in nursing. Team work in research and the application of results in nursing care. II]. PMID- 42169 TI - Dermal toxicity and penetration studies following topical application of three histamine H2-receptor antagonists with a comparison with an H1-receptor antagonist. PMID- 42170 TI - Inhibition of L-asparagine synthetase by mineral cations. PMID- 42171 TI - Renal functional response to the mushroom poison gyromitrin. AB - The poison gyromitrin, found in the edible false morel Gyromitra esculenta Fr. ex Pers., caused in rats an increased diuresis in which urine was produced with a weak alkaline pH, a high excretion of sodium (530%), and potassium (210%). The observed increase lasted for about 12 h and was followed by a rentention with regard to the volume and the Na-excretion for about 72 h. On the basis of [3H] inulin excretion an increased glomerular filtration was determined followed by a decrease 12 h after application of gyromitrin. An increase of creatinine and urea in the serum could not be established during the retention phase. The diuresis as well as the excretion of sodium could be antagonized by injection of an equimolar dose of pyridoxine. The hydrazine derivative N-methyl-N-formylhydrazine (MFH), which is formed rapidly from gyromitrin by hydrolysis, was without any effect on the renal function. In order to explain the effectiveness of the relatively lipophilic gyromitrin, the non-effectiveness of the more hydrophilic hydrazine MFH and the blockade of the gyromitrin effect by pyridoxine, a mechanism involving the central nervous system is discussed. PMID- 42172 TI - Cardiovascular failure produced by a peptide from the venom of the southern Pacific rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis helleri. PMID- 42173 TI - Effect of ionic strength on the interaction of androgens with Sertoli cell nuclei. AB - Only 35-50% of the label accumulated after incubation of cultured Sertoli cells with 3H-testosterone was readily extractable with 0.4 M KCl during a 1 h exposure. The degree of extractability was relatively constant over the pH range 7.0-8.5 but could be increased by prolonged (15 h) exposure. While 0.1 M KCl extracted a measurable amount of label, 0.4 M KCl was significantly more efficient. Furthermore, a higher proportion of the material extracted with 0.4 M KCl was associated with macromolecular species. After a 45 min exposure to 3H testosterone, the nuclear fraction contained primarily labeled testosterone and its 5 alpha-reduced metabolites. The relative distribution of these metabolites between salt-resistant and readily extractable forms varied between experiments. In contrast, 3H-R1881 (17 beta-hydroxy-17-methylestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one) remained essentially intact in the nuclear fraction but also was only 35% extractable with 0.4 M KCl. In conclusion, although the quantitative aspects of salt extractability appear to depend to some extent upon the extraction conditions, it is apparent that the Sertoli cell nuclear fraction accumulates a significant amount of androgen in a form which is relatively resistant to removal with 0.4 M KCl. The biological significance of this phenomenon remains to be established. PMID- 42174 TI - Ecdysone 3-epimerase from the midgut of Manduca sexta (L.). AB - Ecdysone 3-epimerase was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation from the 100,000 g supernate of Manduca sexta midguts. The enzyme converts ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone to their respective 3-epimers, requires NADH or NADPH and O2 for this reaction, and has the following kinetic parameters: for ecdysone, Km = 17.0 +/- 1.4 microM, Vmax = 110.6 +/- 14.6 pmol min-1 mg-1; for 20 hydroxyecdysone, Km = 47.3 +/- 7.5 microM, Vmax = 131.0 +/- 3.5 pmol min-1 mg-1: for NADPH, Km = 85.4 +/- 10.6 microM; for NADH, Km = 51.3 +/- 1.3 microM. The reaction is irreversible and can be inhibited by various ecdysteroids. PMID- 42175 TI - Kawasaki disease. PMID- 42176 TI - Standardization of the alkaline elution procedure using X-ray-damaged nuclear DNA. AB - Structural modification of DNA were induced by X-irradiation of crude hepatic nuclei at various dose ranges to standardize DNA damage evaluated by the alkaline elution technique. This quantitative assay can be used as reference for DNA damage induced by the in vivo administration of mutagens and/or carcinogens involved in the environment. PMID- 42177 TI - [Effect of norepinephrine, GABA and cysteine on the complex of alkaline ribonuclease with its protein inhibitor]. AB - Norepinephrine GABA, cystein and SH-glutathione evoke a considerable decrease in the activity of alkaline RNase in the postmitochondrial fraction of the rat brain homogenate where the complex of this enzyme with its natural cytoplasmic protein inhibitor is preliminarily disturbed by the addition of pCMB. However these substances have no effect on the activity of alkaline RNase and its cytoplasmic protein inhibitor each taken separately. Evidently, the studied preparations may favour the reduction of the native state of the inactive complex of the enzyme with its inhibitor which was preliminarily disturbed by the pCMB addition. PMID- 42178 TI - [Simultaneous recording of Ca2+ and pH when studying the processes of calcium transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum]. AB - A continuous recording of changes in the Ca2+ concentration and pH in the suspension of the sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments is shown to be possible by means of the assembled installation and using the film C2+-selective electrode. When pH of the incubation medium changes from 6.5 to 7.8 there occurs a rapid release of the preliminarily accumulated Ca2+ from it. This effect is recorded in experiments with application of the Ca2+-selective electrode and a radioactive label. PMID- 42179 TI - [Simultaneous use of CEA and GGT in the diagnosis of hepatic metastasis]. PMID- 42180 TI - [Alcohol and enzyme induction]. PMID- 42181 TI - Characteristics of beta-adrenergic-sensitive adenylate cyclase in cerebral vessels. PMID- 42182 TI - System of refraction for ophthalmic assistants. PMID- 42183 TI - [Results of the study of the otolith function in manned space flights]. PMID- 42184 TI - [Acute otitis media complicated by meningitis]. PMID- 42185 TI - Are your assistants in the dark about their job performance? Part 1. PMID- 42186 TI - BVA Congress: Government criticised over schools' problems. PMID- 42187 TI - The occurrence of proliferative kidney disease on a chalk stream. PMID- 42188 TI - Serological evidence of IBR and BVD infection in caribou (Rangifer tarandus) PMID- 42190 TI - Looking forward. PMID- 42189 TI - Harvesting antler velvet. PMID- 42191 TI - Animal production conference. PMID- 42192 TI - Rapeseed meal and liver damage: effect on plasma enzyme activities in chicks. PMID- 42193 TI - Syrup of Ipecac. PMID- 42194 TI - [Organoleptic and biochemical changes in beef during refrigeration and storage]. AB - Studies were carried out on the changes taking place in the organoleptic properties and the pH values of m. longissimus dorsi of carcass quarters of cattle, subjected to various ways of chilling and storage. It was found that in quickly chilled beef (immediately following slaughter) the processes of ripening were very slow, and the organoleptic indices were lower as against meat that was slowly cooled. The pH values of quickly chilled beef dropped at a very slow rate, and it was not until the ninth day that they reached the range below 6.0. The organoleptic properties of quickly chilled beef, including a preliminary phase (6 hours at 18-20 degrees C) were formed rapidly, and on the 7th-11th day the subjective evaluations became the same as those of slowly cooled beef. PMID- 42195 TI - Epithelial cell population kinetics of the small intestine after ileo-jejunal transposition. Autoradiographic studies in the rat. PMID- 42196 TI - Epithelial cell kinetics in the descending colon of the rat. I. The effect of ischaemia-induced epithelial cell loss. AB - Epithelial cell loss was induced in the descending colon of the rat by temporary ischaemia to investigate whether this would lead to an increase in crypt cell proliferation. Shortly after the temporary ischaemia the number of cells per crypt was markedly reduced, and it was shown that the cell loss occurred mainly from the non-proliferating upper half of the crypt. The number of cells per crypt reached control values again after 24-48 h. There was a marked increase in proliferative activity, as reflected by the labelling index after 3HTdR and by the mitotic index, with peak values at 16 and 24 h after ischaemia. After 48 h the proliferative indices were normal again. The increase in crypt cell proliferation was characterized by an increase in the labelling index as well as in the mitotic index per crypt cell position. No enlargement of the proliferative cell compartment in the crypt was observed. It is most likely then that the increase in crypt cell proliferation was brought about by a shortening of the cell cycle, since the growth fraction in the lower half of the crypt approaches 1.0. The possible implications of the present data for the control of colonic cell proliferation and colonic carcinogenesis are discussed. PMID- 42197 TI - Epithelial cell kinetics in the descending colon of the rat. II. The effect of experimental bypass. AB - The influence of experimental bypass on the epithelial cell kinetics in the rat descending colon was studied. It was found that the number of cells per crypt was markedly reduced at 6 weeks after bypass. The percentage of labelled crypt cells, 1 h after 3HTdR, and the distribution of labelled cells in the crypt was normal. Also the life span of the epithelial cells was the same in control and bypassed colon. The response of crypt cell proliferation to ischaemia-induced cell loss in the bypassed descending colon was similar to the one previously described for normal descending colon. This indicates that the absence of the normal luminal contents does not result in a different response of colonic crypts to induced cell loss. Furthermore, it was found that the number of cells per crypt and the proliferative activity did not change in the transverse colon after temporary ischaemia of the bypassed descending colon. This indicates that the increase in crypt cell proliferation after ischaemia-induced cell loss is a local response. PMID- 42198 TI - Effects of sera from scalded rats on epithelial liver cells in vitro. PMID- 42199 TI - Variation in the cell cycle time in the crypts of Lieberkuhn of the mouse. AB - The durations of the phases of the cell cycle were measured at different levels in the jejunal crypts of male Balb/c mice. A mean cell cycle time of 12.3 h was found for the whole crypt. In cell positions 1 and 2, the cell cycle time was 16.7 h, and this time steadily decreased to a value of between 10 and 11 h for cell positions above 11. It is concluded that basally situated crypt cells in the mouse are cycling relatively slowly, and that they form the functional stem cell pool for the crypt. These cells may also compose the potential stem cell pool which repopulates the crypt after death of proliferative cells. PMID- 42200 TI - Ultrastructure of testicular biopsy from an XX male. AB - Ultrastructural study of testicular biopsy specimens from an XX male showed hyalinized seminiferous tubules and tubules containing only mature Sertoli cells. These cells possessed large lipid inclusions as well as microfilament bundles which were perpendicular to the basement membrane and parallel to one another. The basal lamina was thickened and composed of several parallel layers with myofibroblast layers between them. The interstitium showed nodular to diffuse Leydig cell hyperplasia. Four types of Leydig cells were found: 1) normal Leydig cells with crystals of Reinke; 2) cells with abundant microcrystalline inclusions as well as microfilaments and concentric cisternae of smooth endoplasmic reticulum; 3) vacuolated cells containing numerous large lipid droplets; 4) immature Leydig cells. The different ultrastructural abnormalities found in the Sertoli and Leydig cells might be considered as the histological expression of a tubular-interstitial dysgenesis which is reflected in the high levels of gonadotropins and low levels of testosterone. PMID- 42201 TI - An autoradiographic analysis of the mode of proliferation in the buccal mucosa of rats incubated up to 5 hours. AB - This study was concerned with the course of DNA synthetic activity (3H-TdR-LI method) in the buccal mucosa of adult male. Sprague Dawley rats over an incubation period of 5 h. Interest was focussed on the influences of different media and, in particular, on temoporary changes in the proliferative activity. 3H LI were compared in specimens (a) kept in active (= i.e., 3H-thymidine containing) medium throughout their respective incubation period and (b) pre incubated in inactive medium for varying, but clearly defined periods before being transferred into active medium for 30 min (actual 3H-LI). Independent of the medium used the rate of DNA synthesis was markedly lowered at 60 min, the reduction being more or less significant in the different media. This was due to a temporary inhibition of DNA synthesis, which was restored after 120-180 min. In contrast, the blockade of G2-phase and/or mitosis persisted up to the end of incubation, as indicated by the unchanged number of labelled mitotic figures after 120 min. Addition of glutamine to Mc Coy's 5A markedly enhanced the activity of 3H-thymidine incorporation, but could not prevent the temporary inhibition of DNA synthesis. The biochemical mechanisms relevant for cell proliferation have been reviewed and correlated to the present results. PMID- 42202 TI - On serum as a mitogen in intact tissue. PMID- 42203 TI - Computer assisted stathmokinetic and FLM data analysis of cell cycle time in the germinal centre of the spleen: effect of prednisolone. PMID- 42204 TI - Correlation of DNA distribution and cytological differentiation of human cervical carcinomas. AB - The DNA distribution of biopsy specimens from 46 patients suffering from cervical carcinoma was analysed by flow cytometry and compared with the cytological differentiation. According to morphological criteria the carcinomas were classified as highly differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated. The results demonstrate that highly differentiated tumours contain hyperploid cells predominantly with hyperdiploid DNA content. Hyperploid cell populations in the moderately differentiated tumours are mainly in the hyperdiploid and tetraploid regions. Poorly differentiated tumours contain hypertetraploid and aneuploid cell populations. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 42205 TI - Ultrastructure of amianthoid fibers in osteoarthrotic cartilage. PMID- 42206 TI - Dynamic and morphological responses of draining lymph nodes to single and repeated applications of oxazolone to the skin. PMID- 42207 TI - Morphological and functional characteristics of cells infiltrating and destroying tumor multicellular spheroids in vivo. AB - EMT6 mammary sarcoma cells were grown in vitro as multicellular spheroids to model for the heterogeneity of microenvironments and structural changes which develop in many tumors, including micrometastases. Spheroids of 700-900 micron diameter were implanted into and recovered at different times from the peritoneal cavities of sensitized or nonsensitized allogeneic and syngeneic mice. The colony forming efficiency of spheroid tumor cells recovered at 24 and 48 h from sensitized allogeneic mice was markedly decreased as compared with those from nonsensitized allogeneic or syngeneic animals. These recovered spheroids were extensively infiltrated by both lymphocytes and macrophages, which ultrastructurally had very close membrane associations with tumor cells. Host cells recovered from spheroids exhibited cytotoxic activity in an in vitro 51Cr release assay. Thus, multicellular spheroids in vivo provide a unique experimental model to study the functional capacity of host cells within a spheroical tumor. Although lacking the stroma and the vasculature of in vivo solid tumors, this model does have many similarities to in vivo tumors and is thus suitable for studying the tumor cell-host cell interactions within the tumor microenvironment. In addition, the system offers the potential for quantitative study of the effects of treatment modalities on tumor cell-host cell interactions. PMID- 42208 TI - The effect of retinol (vitamin A) on human lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin. An ultrastructural study. AB - Retinol (Vitamin A) has been found to inhibit the stimulation of lymphocytes by certain mitogens. The ultrastructural morphology of phytohaemagglutinin stimulated lymphocytes exposed to retinol 10 microgram/ml and 20 microgram/ml show that disaggregation of polyribosomes and formation of autophagic vacuoles ensue in the majority of the cells. Some of the lymphocyte clumps are unaffected and continue to show normal mitosis. The changes in the affected cell are similar to those seen in a cell undergoing hormonal involution and it is postulated that the effects of the retinol may be mediated by a retinol binding protein in the susceptible cells. PMID- 42209 TI - Control of CFUc proliferation by selective endogenous inhibitors. AB - The susceptibility of mouse bone marrow colony forming cells (CFUc) to three different types of proliferation inhibitors in capillary semisolid agar gel was studied. GI-3, a target specific peptide containing granulocyte fraction, T4-1, an oligospecific thymic factor of proteid nature, and the alkylating cytostatics dianhydrogalactitol (DAD) inhibit myeloid colony formation as a function of concentration. The respective MED values amount to 8, 10, and 0.002 microgram/ml. When compared with this same parameter 3H-TdR incorporation into DNA of liquid bone marrow cultures showed a single fold charge for the endogenous inhibitors (GI-3, T4-1) for the cytostatic (DAD) a 3 to 4 fold lower difference. It was demonstrated, that in competitive antagonism of GI-3 and colony stimulating factor the inhibitor prevails over CSF. PMID- 42210 TI - Analysis of mammary tumors for cytochemical evidence of endogenous mammary peroxidase. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not endogenous mammary peroxidase can serve as a cytochemical marker to distinguish ovarian hormone dependent from ovarian hormone independent mammary tumors. Spontaneous mammary tumors arising in virgin C3H and GR mice (hormone independent tumors) and hormone dependent mammary tumors arising during pregnancy in GR mice were examined. None of these tumors contained mammary peroxidase. Mammary tumors induced in Sprague Dawley rats with methylnitrousourea (MNU) and dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) were also examined. These tumors included hormone-dependent and hormone independent ones. Several of the DMBA-induced hormone-dependent tumors contained a few peroxidase-positive cells, but the hormone independent tumors were negative. All of the MNU-induced tumors examined were negative for mammary peroxidase. Twenty human breast tumors (malignant and non-malignant) removed from women at surgery, were also negative for mammary peroxidase. Our results indicate that endogenous mammary peroxidase cannot be used to distinguish hormone-dependent from hormone independent mammary tumors. PMID- 42211 TI - Electron microscopical studies on the genesis of white adipocytes: differentiation of immature pericytes into adipocytes in transplanted preadipose tissue. AB - In order to clarify the relationships between perivascular cells, capillaries and fat cells, with a special reference to the origin of fat cells, we have made a light and electron microscopical study on the developing epididymal adipose tissue of newborn to 5-week-old rats, and also on the differentiating, transplanted epididymal preadipose tissue from 6-day-old rats. Development of epididymal preadipose tissue progressed rapidly 6 or 7 days after birth. The preadipose tissue on the 5th day after transplantation consisted of differentiated areas with many mature fat cells, and of undifferentiated areas in which these cells were scanty. In the differentiated areas of developing epididymal preadipose tissue, both in situ and transplanted, many fat cells seemed to develop in the area immediately adjacent to growing capillaries, but cells intermediate between perivascular cells and preadipocytes were seldom observed. However, in undifferentiated areas of transplanted tissue, we found ultrastructural evidence that immature pericytes of capillaries can differentiate into preadipocytes. PMID- 42212 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the small intestine of rats after mechanical intestinal obstruction. AB - The morphologic changes of the small intestine after the mechanical obstruction were studied by light and electron microscopy. After the ligation of the upper small intestine, segments of jejunum, both proximal and distal to the site of obstruction, were removed at intervals varying from 45 min to 24 h. The essential changes were found in the epithelial cells of the tips of villi, and few morphologic differences were recognized between samples proximal and distal to the site of obstruction. The most remarkable changes in the mucosa were the pseudopodlike extension of the cytoplasm, vacuolar alteration of the villus epithelial cells, desquamation of these degenerated cells, and the dilatation of the epithelial intercellular spaces. A few epithelial cells showed hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In the submucosa, vascular stasis and edema were observed throughout the course. The mechanism of fluid loss into the intestinal lumen was discussed briefly. PMID- 42213 TI - Intermembrane inclusions induced by anoxia in heart and skeletal muscle mitochondria. AB - Heart and skeletal muscle from rats of different ages were incubated in vitro in an oxygen-free medium supplied with substrates in order to investigate the effect of anoxia on muscle fine structure, particulary on the mitochondria. In skeletal muscle fibers anoxia has been found to induce changes similar to those previously described in ischemic muscles in vivo namely giant mitochondria, apparently derived by mitochondrial fusion, and intermembrane inclusions with a paracrystalline structure. The plate-like inclusions are mostly located in the intracristal spaces and are closely associated to cristal membranes even in markedly swollen mitochondria. Identical inclusions have been observed in cardiac muscle cells following anoxic injury, whereas they are never found in non-muscle cells such as endothelia, fibroblasts and nerve fibers. Cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers from newborn rats maintained in an oxygen-free medium show mitochondrial swelling but no intermembrane inclusions. The different response of mitochondria from developing vs adult striated muscle to anoxia may be due to changes during postnatal development in the quality or quantity of the protein component(s) involved in paracrystal formation. PMID- 42214 TI - Epidermal DNA synthesis in organ culture explants. A study of hairless mouse ear epidermis. AB - Explants of split mouse ear were incubated in organ culture for up to 48 h, and the cell proliferation was studied by the addition of Thymidine-methyl-3-H (3HTdR) to the medium during different time periods, mainly for the first 14 h of incubation. Cultures were started at 0900, 2130 and 2300. In all cases the labelling index remained stable for 6-8 h, and then increased. The mean grain count, however, was falling and so was the epidermal DNA-specific uptake of 3HTdR. Based on the experimental results, calculations can be made of the flux of cells through S. It is concluded that the increasing LI is not due to inherent diurnal variation in cell proliferation, and is not a sign of real growth but caused instead by a complete block of the cell exit from S, probably combined with periods of an increased entrance rate into S. Other methodological factors, however, may also contribute to the increasing LI. Hence, this system is not suited for the measurement of factors that influence epidermal DNA synthesis. PMID- 42215 TI - C-type virus-like particles specifically localized in Langerhans cells and related cells of skin and lymph nodes of patients with mycosis fungoides and Sezary's syndrome. A morphological and biochemical study. PMID- 42216 TI - [Natural foci infections in the Urals]. PMID- 42217 TI - [Effect of 1,4-benzodiazepine tranquilizers on the activity of the hepatocyte hydroxylating complex and glucose-6-phosphatase in white rats]. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of diazepame and phenazepame into rats /at a dose 50 mg/kg/ within 4 days did not induce liver microsomal enzymes. After administration of chlordiazepoxide at the same dose content of cytochrome P-450 was increased and the rate of dimethylaniline demethylation was elevated. Content of protein as well as NADPH-cytochrome-c-reductase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities were increased after intraperitoneal administration of all the preparations at a dose 100 mg/kg within 4 days. Experiments on the potentiation of hexenal effect demonstrated the decrease in the time of sleep in animals, treated with chlordiazepoxide at a dose 100 mg/kg of body weight. PMID- 42218 TI - [Action of aortic cathepsin D on serum low-density lipoproteins]. AB - Action of aortic cathepsin D on low density lipoproteins /LDL/ from human serum was studied by means of analytical ultracentrifugation. Cathepsin D intensively hydrolysed LDL, leading to decrease in the sedimentation coefficients of the product formed. The product of degradation of LDL possessing a sedimentation coefficient of 4.5 S /in 0,04 M KBr; 0,042 M NaCl, 2 mM EDTA, 6 mM Tris, pH 7.3 /contained apparently the minimal amount of proteins, which could still maintain the stability of partially hydrolysed LDL. When the degree of hydrolysis reached 40%, a heterogenous mixure, containing the flotating and slowly sedimenting products, was formed. These products gradually lost their solubility. The data obtained suggest that the insoluble products of the proteolysis may be formed in aortic wall some disorders of the lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 42219 TI - [Comparison of the activity and properties of 5'-nucleotidase in the homogenates and plasma membranes of the normal liver, hepatomas and of the liver in mice with inoculated hepatomas of varying degrees of malignancy]. AB - Activity of 5'-nucleotidase was significantly lower in plasmatic membranes of highly malignant hepatoma 22 as compared with the activity found in normal liver tissue. The optimal activity of the enzyme from hepatoma 22 was found at pH 8.5 with AMP as a substrate. Decrease of pH value from 8.5 to 7.4 did not affect the enzymatic activity in homogenates and plasmatic membranes in the normal liver tissue. In all the experiments activity of 5'-nucleotidase was lower towards CMP as compared with AMP. The additive effect of the both substrates was observed only in experiments with hepatoma 22. PMID- 42220 TI - [Proteolytic enzymatic activity in malignant laryngeal neoplastic tissue]. PMID- 42221 TI - [Respiratory function in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 42222 TI - Immunoprophylaxis of pneumococcal pneumonia. PMID- 42223 TI - [Sleep problems and their treatment in psychosis (author's transl)]. AB - Sleep disturbances in psychoses can mean hypo- as well as hypersomnia. In 90% of endogenous depressed patients sleep disturbances were seen, mostly as hyposomnia. In the group of schizophrenic psychotic patients only 30% had sleep disturbances. With polygraphical investigations in endogenous depressed patients a shortening of REM-latency and a disturbed sleep profile, in schizophrenic psychoses a shortened REM-rebound and a reduced amount of stages 3 and 4 were found. The treatment of choice for depressions are antidepressive drugs and sleep deprivation, for schizophrenic psychoses neuroleptic drugs. This treatments improved subjective and objective sleep disturbances with psychopathological remission at the same time. So far, only hypothetical considerations do exist about the relationship between psychopathology and sleep disturbances. It is suspected that etiological relations exist between depression and desynchronization of central sleep mechanisms and between schizophrenia and special disturbances of REM-sleep and stage 3 and 4. PMID- 42224 TI - [A double blind cross-over study with mepindolol-sulfate in patients with coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of mepindolol-sulfate (2 x 2.5 mg) was tested in 20 patients with coronary heart disease in a controlled study against placebo resp. propranolol (3 x 40 mg). RESULTS: 1. The frequency and intensity of anginal attacks were reduced significantly under mepindolol-sulfate therapy.-- 2. There was a significant improvement of ergometric exercise tolerance under mepindolol-sulfate therapy.- 3. Additionally a reduction of ST-depression in ECG was found under mepindolol sulfate.--4. In patients with coronary heart disease the clinical effect of mepindolol-sulfate in a daily dose of 2 x 2.5 mg was equal to propranolol in a daily dose of 3 x 40 mg. PMID- 42226 TI - Neuropeptides of the gut: a newly discovered major control system. Invited commentary. PMID- 42225 TI - Neuropeptides of the gut: a newly discovered major control system. PMID- 42227 TI - 7-Bromo-5-(2'-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (I), a new tranquillizing agent: metabolism in rats. AB - 1. After intraperitoneal injection of rats with the new benzodiazepine (compound I), four metabolites (compounds II, III, IV and V) were found in the urine. 2. Compound II was identified as 7-bromo-5-(2'-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy 2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one by comparison of g.l.c. and mass spectral properties of the metabolite and synthetic compound. 3. Mass spectra of compound III and its acid hydrolysis products indicate that compound III contains a hydroxyl group in the C(5)-phenyl ring. 4. Compounds IV and V were identified by mass spectrometry as products of simultaneous aromatic hydroxylation and methoxylation of the diazepine I. 5. The major urinary excretion products are compounds III, IV and V. Only very small amounts of compounds I and II were detected. PMID- 42228 TI - Metabolism of mesocarb in the rat. AB - 1. Rats treated orally with [14C]mesocarb (I; 3-(1-methyl-2-phenyl[2-(14C]ethyl) N-(phenylaminocarbonyl)sydnone imine) (50 mg/kg) excrete 35% of the radioactivity in 24 h urine and 51% in 48 h urine. 2. Only traces of unchanged drug were found in urine. Hydroxy-mesocarb (II), dihydroxy-mesocarb (III), amphetamine (VII) and the conjugates of II and III account for 86% of the urinary radioactivity. 3. Cannulated male rats excrete about 40% of the radioactivity in 30 h in bile, mainly as conjugates of II and III. PMID- 42229 TI - [Photodynamic effect of quinacrine on bacteria]. AB - The acridine dye quinacrine (QA) was tested with regard to the photodynamic action on bacteria (Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli). The absorption maximum of the yellow dye QA ist in contrary to the photodynamically active dyes methylene blue (MB) and thiopyronine (TP) situated in the short wave region of the visible spectrum. Using for illumination a common light source--they have in general a weak emission in the short wave region--relatively high concentrations of QA are necessary for photodynamic action, and the difference between photodynamic inactivation and toxic effect is small. Using that light source XBO 500 with nearly equal emission in the range from 400 to 700 nm, a distinct photodynamic action of QA results. Comparing the photodynamic action of QA with those of MB and TP, QA has a low photodynamic effect, and the kinetics of inactivation of bacteria with QA is completely different from those obtained with the dyes MB and TP. PMID- 42230 TI - [Contribution of the medical-scientific association for bronchopneumonology of the GDR and of its sections to development of bronchopneumonology (author's transl)]. AB - Report on the historical development of the medical-scientific associations in GDR, engaged in tuberculosis and pulmonary diseases. Important tasks of the Association for Bronchopneumonology and Tuberculosis of the GDR are promoting and propagating scientific knowledge and progress, arranging national and international conferences in GDR and taking part in conferences in other countries. The association takes influence on the profile of the speciality, and on its future development. The Zeitschrift fur Erkrankungen der Atmungsorgane is the scientific organ of the association. Sections, working- and study groups are essential parts of the association dealing with special problems of the discipline. There exists good relations to medical associations of other countries; the association of bronchopneumonology and tuberculosis is member of the International Union against Tuberculosis. PMID- 42231 TI - [Intellectual work and cerebral circulation]. PMID- 42232 TI - [Scandinavian Nursing Cooperative meeting in Denmark: how should everyday health and sick care be organized]. PMID- 42233 TI - [Nurses' salaries discussed at ICN-meeting]. PMID- 42234 TI - [Discrete nature of the frequency of recombinations in bacterial transformation systems]. PMID- 42235 TI - Multiple forms of soluble monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine: oxygen oxidoreductase (EC 1.14.18.1) from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum). IV. Association and dissociation phenomena. AB - The soluble phenol oxidase of various potato juices (adjusted from physiological pH to pH 4.5, 7.0 and 7.8) was separated by gel chromatography into multiple molecular forms. In acid or neutral and alkaline potato juices, low-mol.-wt. (less than 150,000 daltons) or high-mol.-wt. (greater than 150,000 daltons) enzyme forms predominate, respectively. Conversion of the low-mol.-wt. enzyme forms into high-mol.-wt. enzyme forms, and vice versa, was achieved by changing the pH values from acidic to neutral or alkaline pH, and vice versa. This substantiated our previous idea that the enzyme multiplicity arises from association of various subunits. In alkaline potato juice, considerable loss of monophenol oxidase activity (assayed at pH 6.0) occurred. This confirmed our previous findings that o-diphenol oxidase is more alkali-stable than monophenol oxidase. PMID- 42236 TI - [The course of biophysical parameters during automatic permanent preservation of dog kidneys]. PMID- 42237 TI - [Sugar-substitutes in the prevention of dental caries (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations performed with sugar-substitutes showed that from the partial substitution of carbohydrate in the food a significant cariesreduction may be expected. According to the data of the microbiological, pH, animal experiments and clinical examinations xylit proved to be the least cariogen agent and sorbit too has a reduced cariogen effect. PMID- 42238 TI - [The effects on caries in animal experiments when reducing sugar in cola drinks(author's transl)]. AB - The effect of stepwise sugar reduction in cola drinks was tested in a programmed animal experiment using Wistar rats. In a parallel study the pH-decrease at different sucrose concentrations was measured in vitro using a plaque model system which involved s. mutans (strain OMZ 176). The reduction of sugar contents by 20%, 33% und 42% results in a lower acid production by s. mutans strain connected with a decrease of the experimental produced caries. For this reason the sugar restriction in cola drinks will be seen as a contribution towards an improvement of dental health. PMID- 42239 TI - [Electron microscopic study of presumptive photoreceptor cells in the aboral organ of the ctenophore, Beroe cucumis]. AB - Presumptive photoreceptor cells are located in the receptor epithelium of the aboral organ and exhibit some common morphological characters with flagellar photoreceptors of some invertebrates, as well as with photoreceptors of vertebrates. These cells are specifically distinguished by the presence of a special membrane structure in their epinuclear zone, this structure being the derivative of a cilium. Presumptive photoreceptor cells which have a short central projection and form in their basal part the synaptic contacts ("triads") with the adjacent nervous endings, may be classified as pseudosecondary receptor cells. Acetylcholinesterase was found in the synaptic regions. Cytoplasm of the presumptive photoreceptor cells is rich in granular vesicles which contain biogenic amines. PMID- 42240 TI - [Effect of neurotoxins on mediator release from the motor nerve endings of the Drosophila melanogaster larva]. AB - Spontaneous miniature junctional potentials and induced by motor nerve stimulation junctional potentials were recorded in muscle fibres of the third instar Drosophila larvae. Presynaptically active neurotoxins isolated from the snake venoms (beta-bungarotoxin 4.5 x 10(-7) M, notexin and notechis-II-51 X 10( 7) M, Crotoxin 9 x 10(-8) M, phospholipase from the venom of cobra 4 x 10(-6) M did not induce any changes in transmitter release during 60--120 min of contact with Drosophila preparation, although these concentrations exceed those used in frog or mice preparations. On the contrary, bee venom phospholipase (1.25 x 10( 7) M) turned out to be even more active than in frog or mice junctions. A similar sequence of three phases of the presynaptic blocking effect was found: initial decrease followed by a period of increase and finally -- depression of both spontaneous and evoked release. Bee venom phospholipase was ineffective in Ca2+ free solution but its irreversible binding to nerve endings took place evidently in spite of Ca lack. PMID- 42241 TI - [Leukocidins of coccal microorganisms]. PMID- 42242 TI - [Mechanism of the protective effect of antiserum against isologous aggregated mouse immunoglobulins in transplantation immunity]. AB - The injection of antiserum against isogeneic aggregated mouse immunoglobulins prolonged the survival time of skin allografts in mice by 5-6 days. The study of the possible mechanisms of this phenomenon revealed that the injection of aggregated immunoglobulin antiserum decreased the ability of the lymphocytes of the animals receiving the antiserum to induce local "graft versus host" reaction and to proliferate in the blast transformation test in response to phytohemagglutinin treatment and in the mixed lymphocyte culture test. When added in vitro, the antiserum did not influence either the mixed lymphocyte, or the specific cytotoxic effect of immune lymphocytes, but stimulated 3H-thymidine incorporation into the suspension of lymphocytes incubated with syngeneic irradiated cells. The latter fact may be indicative of the mitogenic action of the antiserum. The analogy between the mitogenic action of the antiserum and that of nonspecific mitogens, such as concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin which also show opposite effects in vivo and in vitro, is discussed. The conclusion has been made that the increase of the survival time of the skin allograft after the multiple injection of aggregated immunoglobulin antiserum was primarily due to its action on the recognizing and proliferative functions of T lymphocytes, and later due to an increase in IgG synthesis. PMID- 42243 TI - [Participation of vaccinia virus in the pathogenesis of different clinical forms of postvaccinal complications. I. Frequency of vaccinia virus detection in the vaccinted who have usual and complicated reactions to vaccination]. AB - The virological examination of 1365 samples taken from 469 children vaccinated against smallpox revealed considerable differences in the frequency and the time of vaccinia virus detection in different clinical forms of postvaccinal pathology as compared with uncomplicated vaccinal process. During the postvaccinal period taking its normal course vaccinia virus was isolated from 7.3% of children only from the pharynx till day 8 following vaccination. In generalized and creeping vaccinia the virus was isolated from 71.4% of children, in postvaccinal encephalitis from 57.1% of children, in vaccinal angina frove-mentioned complications vaccinia virus was detected in the samples obtained from the patients till days 24, 35, 15 and 24 respectively. The etiopathogenetic role of vaccinia virus in a number of postvaccinal complications is discussed. PMID- 42244 TI - [Psychopharmacotherapy of slowly progressive hypochondriacal schizophrenia]. AB - The efficacy of psychopharmacological treatment modalities and comatose methods was studied in the therapy of patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia, the clinical picture of which was characterized by cenestho-hypochondriacal disturbances (155 cases). The use of high doses of neuroleptics, atropine and insulin comas in these cases were ineffective. A positive compliance to therapy was attained in the treatment by tranquilizers of the benzodiazepine series, especially by a parenteral administration. The best results were demonstrated in the treatment of pseudoneurotic hypochondria. The therapeutic reluctancy increased in the cenestho-algic syndrome and in the syndrome of "rigid" hypochondria. The most effective in these cases was a combined therapy by tranquilizers (parenteral administration) and small doses of neuroleptics. PMID- 42245 TI - Kinetics of elementary steps in the cytochrome P-450 reaction sequence. III. NADPH reduction of cytochrome P-450LM at different integrational levels. AB - The aerobic NADPH reduction of cytochrome P-450LM has been investigated on microsomes, as well as on the solubilized enzyme system in the associated, disintegrated, and reconstituted state, respectively. P-450 exhibits biphasic reduction kinetics of about 70/30% phase distribution and rate constants differing 10-fold. The partial reactions are due to organizational asymmetries, the cytochrome being either incorporated into P-450/reductase associates (cluster) or localized outside (randomly distributed, homoassociated, weakly cluster-associated). Triton N-101 disintegrates the different associate structures, consequently followed by the disappearance of the rapid reaction phase. The enzyme system can be reconstituted; at microsomal stoichiometry the respective standard parameters are approached, depending on the composition and structural organization of the phospholipid. The reorganization without any membrane matrix is obviously thermodynamically determined. PMID- 42246 TI - Kinetics of elementary steps in the cytochrome P-450 reaction sequence. IV. Mechanism of the NADPH reduction reaction of cytochrome P-450LM. AB - The aerobic NADPH reduction of the Triton N-101 disintegrated cytochrome P-450LM system has been studied. At this organization level--the components being dispersed in solution--a first-order monophasic reaction is exhibited. Neither the complex formation of cytochrome and reductase, respectively, nor preceding diffusion is rate limiting. The initial rate follows the ratio reductase/P-450 (mole/mole) thus indicating a Michaelis-Menten type enzyme mechanism. A model treatment of the reaction fits the systems behaviour as a whole. A multiparameter equilibrium state and different specified time function equations were developed for the determination of individual step rate constants and other system parameters as well. PMID- 42247 TI - Proceedings of the Scientific Conference Cytochrome P-450: structural and functional aspects. July 9-13, 1978. Eberswalde, GDR. PMID- 42248 TI - NADPH reduction of cytochrome P-450 at different integrational levels of the enzyme system. AB - The complex monooxygenatic enzyme exhibits different functional behaviour at different integrational levels, thus indicating distinct organizational states. The aerobic NADPH reduction of microsomes, solubilized and reconstituted systems follows a biphasic kinetics, the two phases are attributed to associated state (cluster) and random cytochrome P-450 reduction. States of different cytochrome P 450/reductase ratio (associates) could not be differentiated in rate. Detergents (Triton N-101, cholate) are capable of disintegrating the system, at last only monophasic slow reduction is observed. The hydroxylation activity follows the respective reduction behaviour. Sedimentation analysis proves the distinct structural states. Reconstitution of the system can be achieved by means of detergent dilution as well as by combining the constituents. The activity of the reconstituted system depends on the composition of the phospholipids as well as on its organizational state. The reassociation of the solubilized enzyme system at nearly microsomal components stoichiometry (Triton N-101 dilution) proves to be thermodynamically governed leading to self-organization of the system without matrix prerequisite. Individual step rate constants of the reduction reaction and other system parameters are accessible by means of a model treatment of the disintegrated system. Further application to mixed kinetics systems is in progress. PMID- 42249 TI - NADPH-dependent electron transport chain in microsomes and lipid peroxidation catalyzed by metal ions. AB - Like iron ions copper ions are also able to stimulate the NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. This effect is strongly dependent on the concentration of Cu2+ added. Initial concentrations of Cu2+ above 50 microM completely inhibit the formation of malonaldehyde. The activator and inhibitor functions may be interpreted by a simultaneous participation of Cu+ ions formed in the chain branching and termination reaction of the free radical lipid peroxidation process. Inhibition studies with pCMB and the His-reagent diethyl pyrocarbonate indicate an essential role of cysteine and histidine residues in the Cu+-NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation process. PMID- 42250 TI - Mechanistic studies with purified components of the liver microsomal hydroxylation system: spectral intermediates in reaction of cytochrome P-450 with peroxy compounds. AB - Recent investigations in this laboratory on the mechanism of action of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 (P-450 LM) and its interaction with other components of the hydroxylation system are presented. Two electrophoretically homogeneous forms of the cytochrome, phenobarbital-inducible P-450 LM2 and 5,6-benzoflavone inducible P-450 LM4, so designated according to their relative electrophoretic mobilities, were used in these studies. Phosphatidylcholine is required in the reconstituted enzyme system for rapid electron transfer from NADPH to P-450 LM, catalyzed by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, as well as for maximal hydroxylation activity with either molecular oxygen or a peroxy compound serving as oxygen donor to the substrate. The phospholipid facilitates the binding of both substrate and reductase to P-450 LM and apparently causes a structural change in the cytochrome as shown by an increase in alpha-helical content, determined by circular dichroic spectrometry. P-450LM3 and LM4 are one-electron acceptors under anaerobic conditions, in accord with previous potentiometric titrations and product yield data, but in disagreement with previous titrations with reducing agents. The cause for the discrepancy between the present and earlier results is not yet fully understood. Stopped flow spectrophotometry was employed to detect intermediates in the reaction of peroxy compounds with P 450LM2. With m-chloroperbenzoic acid the intermediate formed has absorption maxima at 375, 425, and 540 nm in the absolute spectrum and at 370, 436, and 540 nm in the difference spectrum (intermediate minus oxidized form). A study of the magnitude of the spectral change at various peracid concentrations indicated that with this oxidant the reaction shows a dependence resembling a binding curve. These and other experiments with various oxidants, including cumente hydroperoxide, suggest a reversible two-step mechanism according to the reaction: P-450 LM + oxidant equilibrium C equilibrium D, where C may be an enzyme-oxidant complex and D is a spectral intermediate of unknown structure. A scheme is proposed for the mechanism of action of P-450 LM based on these and earlier studies, including evidence from deuterium isotope experiments for the formation of a substrate carbon radical prior to oxygen transfer. PMID- 42251 TI - Kinetics of reduction of purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 in the reconstituted enzyme system studied by stopped flow spectrophotometry. AB - Stopped flow studies were undertaken to examine the kinetics of reduction of 5,6 benzoflavone-inducible P-450 LM4 by NADPH in the presence of NADPH-cytochrome P 450 reductase and phospholipid under anaerobic CO at 25 degrees C. The reaction exhibited biphasic kinetics irrespective of NADPH concentration or of the molar ratio of reductase to P-450 LM4. The apparent first order rate constants for the fast and slow phases were determined to be 0.9 to 1.0 and 0.25 s-1, respectively. With the reductase and P-450 LM4 present in equimolar amounts, the total amount of P-450 LM4 reduced increased linearly with NADPH concentration; the titration gave a stoichiometry of 2 mol of NADPH per mol of reductase-cytochrome complex. The NADPH concentration had no appreciable effect on the magnitude of the first order rate constants for the fast and slow phases. The kinetics obtained in the presence of benzphetamine were essentially indistinguishable from those seen in the absence of this substrate, while the amount of P-450 LM4 reduced in the fast phase, but not the rate constant for this phase, decreased when phospholipid was omitted from the reaction mixture. Nearly maximal rates of NADPH oxidation by P 450 LM2 OR LM4 were obtained with a molar ratio of reductase to P-450 LM of 1.0. Benzphetamine enhanced the oxidation of NADPH by P-450 LM2 but had no effect on the activity of P-450 LM4. Rates of NADPH oxidation in the presence of P-450 LM2 and LM4 decreased by 80 and 40%, respectively, when phospholipid was omitted from the reconstituted enzyme system. These studies provide evidence for the formation of a catalytically functional 1:1 complex between the reductase and P-450 LM4, and indicate that P-450 LM2 and LM4 differ in their dependence on phospholipid. PMID- 42252 TI - Electrochemical investigations on the oxygen activation by cytochrome P-450. AB - The application of cytochrome P-450 in substrate conversion is complicated both due to the limited stability and the cofactor regeneration problems. To overcome the disadvantages of NADPH consumption the transfer of the reduction equivalents from an electrode into the cytochrome P-450-system was studied: 1. NADPH was cathodically reduced at a mercury pool electrode. By immobilization of NADP on dialdehyde Sephadex the reductive recycling was possible. 2. Different forms of reduced oxygen were produced by the cathode: a) The reaction of O2- with deoxycorticosterone yields a carboxylic acid derivative. In contrast the cytochrome P-450 catalyzed NADPH-dependent reaction with the same substrate gives corticosterone, O2- represents only an intermediate in the activation of oxygen and is not the "activated oxygen" species. b) Molecular oxygen was reduced to HO2 and H2O2, respectively. The interaction of adsorbed cytochrome P-450 on the electrode surface with the reduced oxygen species in the absence of NADPH was studied. The electrochemically generated peroxide seems to be more active than added H2O2. 3. In a model of electro-enzyme-reactor several substrates were hydroxylated by microsomal cytochrome P-450 with cathodically reduced oxygen which substitutes NADPH. PMID- 42253 TI - Long-term effects of human growth hormone on plasma amino acids transport in hypopituitary dwarfism. PMID- 42254 TI - [Non arrhythmogenic sudden death as complication of coronary heart disease]. AB - In a cohort of 417 patients admitted consecutively to the Coronary Care Unit for acute myocardial ischemia (unstable angina pectoris in 121, acute myocardial infarction in 296 patients) 21 cases of non arrhythmogenic sudden death occurred within 24 hours after admission. 16 of these patients suffered from acute myocardial infarction and 5 from unstable angina pectoris. Cause of death was cardiac rupture in 12 and pump failure in 4 patients with acute myocardial infarction, whereas all patients with unstable angina pectoris died from pump failure. Patients with cardiac rupture within 24 hours after admission, had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure in comparison with the other groups and with patients dying from cardiac rupture on the third day, or later. All patients dying from pump failure with unstable angina pectoris and one of the patients dying from pump failure with acute myocardial infarction had beta blocker therapy. Beta blockers were given to 68 of the patients with unstable angina pectoris. Acute pump failure occurred in this group only. The risk of pump failure with beta receptor blocking drugs is indicated by angina decubitus, marked dyspnea during anginal attacks (even in patients free of signs of cardial insufficiency outside their attacks) and a lack of responsiveness to beta blocking therapy. In these patients rapid coronary angiography and bypass surgery seems to be the prefered method of management. Beta blockers should not be given to these patients or discontinued in cases which lack responsiveness. PMID- 42255 TI - Pharmacological treatment of psychosomatic manifestations in geropsychiatric patients. PMID- 42256 TI - Item analysis of the differences in comparative drug effects as yielded by the self-rating questionnaire SCL-90. PMID- 42257 TI - Comparison of blood and bile levels of oxyprothepin and docloxythepin in rats. PMID- 42258 TI - The effect of a new fluorinated tricyclic neuroleptic drug isofloxythepin on the rat striatal dopamine metabolism. PMID- 42259 TI - Clinical comparison of oxyprothepin and clotepine in schizophrenic patients (controlled study). PMID- 42260 TI - Oxyprothepin decanoat injections: experience with a long-term treatment of schizophrenic psychoses. PMID- 42261 TI - Results of maintenance therapy with oxyprothepin decanoate in schizophrenics: open study. PMID- 42262 TI - Computerized EEG in the comparison of oxyprothepin and fluphenazine decanoat. PMID- 42263 TI - [Treatment of anxious-depressive syndromes with tofizopam]. PMID- 42264 TI - [Tofizopam in the treatment of chronic alcoholism]. PMID- 42265 TI - Our experience with tofisopam (grandaxin egypt). PMID- 42266 TI - Neuroleptic and thymoleptic treatment of psychotic outpatients. PMID- 42267 TI - Flunitrazepam in the treatment of delirium tremens. -- Preliminary report. PMID- 42268 TI - Effect of galanthamine and galanthamine-eunalgit combination on food motor reflexes in cats. PMID- 42269 TI - Potentiating analgesic effect of aminophenazone with physostigmine and neostigmine in laboratory animals. PMID- 42270 TI - pH and temperature dependence of the double inhibition of D-glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase by ATP and quinaldate. AB - ATP and quinaldate, two inhibitors of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, act antagonistically if [Pi] greater than 1 mM, at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C. However, the type of interaction of the two inhibitors changes with pH and temperature. Antagonism is strongest at pH values near neutrality and decreases at higher pH. Above pH 9.5 the two inhibitors act nearly additively. At pH 8.5 and [Pi] = 5 mM there is antagonism above 20 degrees C between the two inhibitors whereas there is synergy below 20 degrees C. A lag period in the time course of the enzyme reaction was detected when both inhibitors were present. The lag period is a function of pH. Below pH 8.5 the pH-dependence of the lag period resembles a titration curve with a pKapp greater than 8. PMID- 42271 TI - An adenosine triphosphate dependent deoxyribonuclease with adenosine triphosphatase, activity from Bacillus cereus. AB - An adenosine triphosphate-stimulated deoxyribonuclease was purified to about 4200 fold from Bacillus cereus. The enzyme activity of the crude extract increased by a factor of about 5 after dialysis. One of the low molecular weight inhibitors of the crude extract was found to be inorganic phosphate. During enzyme purification two nucleases were identified. One of them was specific to denatured DNA and the other one degraded both denatured DNA and native DNA. The activity towards native DNA could be increased several times by ATP. Through all steps of purification the ATP-independent DNase always accompanied the ATP-dependent one and the ratio of their activity was found to be constant. The ATP-dependent DNase also possessed ATPase activity stimulated both by native and denatured DNA. The fact that ATPase was stimulated by DNA and went together with ATP-dependent DNase during purification suggests that these functions belong to the same enzyme complex. Maximal activity of ATPase had broader pH, Mg2+ and ATP concentration ranges than that of DNase. Cooperation of the two functions may be limited only to a narrow range of ATP concentration. Km for ATPase was 1.6x10-4 M ATP. PMID- 42272 TI - Isoelectric focusing of macrophage culture media and the effect of the fractions on the synthesis of DNA and collagen by fibroblasts. AB - Macromolecules from rat peritoneal macrophage culture media were separated into 30 fractions by flat bed isoelectric focusing (IEF). The fractions were tested for their influence on thymidine and proline incorporation into cultured rat granuloma fibroblasts. Three fractions, stable after freezing and lyophilization, were of interest: one inhibiting thymidine incorporation (focusing at pH 7.3 7.6), another stimulating thymidine incorporation (focusing at pH 4.4-5.3), and the third stimulating proline incorporation into cells and medium collagen (focusing at pH 10.2-10.7). The last also exhibited a ribonuclease (RNase) activity with a pH-optimum of 7.0-7.5. PMID- 42273 TI - Abstracts of the lectures delivered at the 44th congress of the Hungarian Physiological Society Debrecen, July 6--8, 1978. PMID- 42274 TI - The pharmacological classification of adrenergic alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors and their mechanisms of action. PMID- 42275 TI - XVI Scandinavian Congress of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oulu 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 42276 TI - "Transient" grafts of bone marrow in dogs. PMID- 42277 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 95th meeting of the Society of British Neurological Surgeons held at Plymouth on 5 and 6 April 1979. PMID- 42278 TI - Neuropathology section of the Italian Neurological Society. 15th annual meeting. Assisi, May 17-19, 1979. PMID- 42279 TI - [Post-soldering of ceramo-metal constructions]. PMID- 42280 TI - GABA turnover as a tool to explore the function of GABA-ergic synapses: physiological and pharmacological studies. PMID- 42281 TI - Effects of GABA-analogues on the high-affinity uptake of GABA in astrocytes in primary cultures. AB - Employing primary cultures of astrocytes which seem to constitute a valid model of their in vivo counterparts, it has been demonstrated that this cell type is likely to be of importance in terminating the transmitter activity of GABA. It has been shown that the transport carrier in astrocytes is stereospecific for the C-4 hydrogens of the GABA molecule and that its structural requirements are distinct from those exhibited by the neuronal GABA carrier. beta-Proline was a selective inhibitor of GABA transport in astrocytes, whereas R-trans-4-methyl-4 aminocrotonic acid and S-nipecotic acid seemed to be selective inhibitors of neuronal GABA transport, as studied using very thin slices ("prisms") of brain cortex. These findings may be important for studies on the relative significance of the two transport systems in GABA-mediated neurotransmission, and thus for future pharmacological manipulations of the GABA system. This may eventually be beneficial for the treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, Huntington's chorea and Parkinson's disease in which the GABA system seems to be disturbed (34,60,62). PMID- 42282 TI - Recent studies on the mechanism whereby benzodiazepines facilitate GABA-ergic transmission. PMID- 42283 TI - Ovarian steroid hormones and cerebral function. PMID- 42284 TI - The effect of hypoxia on brain neurotransmitter systems. PMID- 42285 TI - Discussion of the effect of hypoxia on brain neurotransmitter systems. PMID- 42287 TI - Conference on the ageing brain, December 1978. PMID- 42286 TI - Consequences of mild, graded hypoxia. PMID- 42288 TI - The Schultz-Dale reaction of the guinea-pig ileum: influence by beta-adrenoceptor agonists and theophylline. AB - One of the organs that can be used to study the Schultz-Dale reaction, is the guinea-pig ileum. The reaction is characterized by a specific pattern: a quick contraction, followed by a quick relaxation and a second, more slow contraction. A description is given of this typical reaction. Selective inhibition of the slow contraction could be obtained using beta-adrenoceptor agonists. Also theophylline inhibited the slow contraction, but this inhibition was only selective within a narrow range of concentration. These findings encourage further investigation about a possible involvement of cyclic nucleotides in the liberation of the mediators involved in the Schultz-Dale reaction of the guinea-pig ileum. Furthermore they provide more information about this preparation which could be used as a screening model for anti-allergic drugs of distinct pharmacological groups. PMID- 42289 TI - A review on methods of phospholipase A determination. AB - A short review is presented on methods to determine phospholipase A activities. On purpose, only those methods are covered which can, at least potentially, be used for assaying the low activities generally associated with intracellular phospholipases A. A selection was made of procedures which apply non-radioactive or radioactive substrates or chemically modified substrate analogs which can be used for spectrophotometric assays. PMID- 42290 TI - Comparison of protection by L-ascorbic acid, L-cysteine, and adrenergic-blocking agents against acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde toxicity: implications in smoking. PMID- 42291 TI - [Microsurgery of the male genital organs]. PMID- 42292 TI - On the regulation of tryptophan metabolism "via" kynurenine. AB - The tryptophan leads to nicotinic acid pathway is inhibited in the nicotinic acid administered rats; in this case tryptophan chiefly metabolizes "via" serotonin. The serotonin pathway is inhibited in the excess phenylalanine administered rats, especially due to the inhibition of the tryptophan-5-hydroxylase reaction. Xanthurenic acid inhibits kynurenine-3-hydroxylase in vitro, which is a very important regulatory enzyme for xanthurenic acid and nicotinic acid production. PMID- 42293 TI - Properties of influenzavirus nucleocapsids in nonpermissive cells. AB - The properties of fowl plague virus (Influenzavirus A) nucleocapsids isolated from the cytoplasm of infected Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and chick embryo cells were compared. Nucleocapsids isolated from both systems possessed similar polypeptides (P and NP) but differed in their biophysical characteristics. Nucleocapsids from ascites cells sedimented in velocity sucrose gradients slower (from 25 to 50 S) and the majority of them banded at higher density in CsCl gradients (rho 1.38 as compared to 1.34 g/ml) than nucleocapsids from chick embryo cells. In the electron microscope they appeared as thin threads 3--4 nm in diameter. PMID- 42294 TI - Variola virus strains of 1960--1975: the range of intraspecies variability and relationship between properties and geographic origin. AB - A comparative study of 61 variola virus strains recovered from patients in various geographic regions of the world revealed significant intraspecies variability in some biological properties, established the range of this variability and demonstrated the existence of strains with atypical properties. There was a certain correlation between some laboratory markers of variola virus and the degree of its pathogenicity for man. The prevalence of more virulent and thermoresistant strains in the Hindustan subcontinent and the peculiarity and heterogeneity of the strains circulating in Africa were demonstrated. Alastrim virus was detected among the African isolates. PMID- 42295 TI - Development of tumours in mice chronically infected with herpes simplex virus. AB - Tumours developed in chronic infection lasting for 150--180 days in 39 (60%) of 65 mice infected with strain L2 of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and in 12 (20%) of 60 mice infected with strain 333 of HSV type 2. Similar results were obtained in 150 immunosuppressed mice chronically infected with HSV types 1 and 2. Pathomorphologically, the neoplasias in the first group (strain L2) were similar to adenocarcinoma and malignant lymphoma and in the second (strain 333) to lymphoma and angio- or fibrosarcoma. The respective HSV strains were isolated by cocultivation of blood leukocytes from chronically infected animals and cultures of the tumour cells with human embryo fibroblasts (HEF). HSV and Gross murine leukaemia virus antigens were detected in tumour cells by immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay, respectively, and HSV antigen by immunofluorescence also in cultures of tumour cells and in cells of the brains, spinal cords, livers and spleens of the animals. HSV antibody was demonstrable in the blood serum from chronically infected tumour-bearing mice in a titre of 32. PMID- 42296 TI - Isolation and characterization of influenza A viruses from wild ducks in northern Japan: appearance of HSW1 antigens in the Japanese duck population. AB - Twenty-six influenza A viruses were isolated from cloacal and tracheal samples of 235 resident and 396 migratory ducks in Miyagi prefecture, Japan, in 1977--78. Of these, twelve were antigenically related to the avian-origin HSW1 virus, A/duck/Alberta/35/76 (HSW1N1), but their neuraminidase antigens were characterized as Nav2-3, Nav4 or N2. These antigenic configuration have not previously been reported. In addition, one strain in which the neuraminidase antigen was identified as Nav4, was demonstrated to be a mixture of two haemagglutinins, HSW1 and Hav7. Two distinct strains were separated from the mixture and characterized as HSW1Nav4 and Hav7Nav4. The antigenic identification of an additional 13 influenza A viruses revealed the presence of six haemagglutinin subtypes (Hav1, Hav3, Hav4, Hav6, Hav7, and Hav8) and five neuaraminidase subtypes (Nav1, Nav2-3, Nav4, Neq2, and N2) in various combinations. The results suggest that the avian influenza A viruses among feral ducks may be isolated in various combinations of haemagglutinins and neuraminidase subtypes in Japan, and that feral ducks may be the site of genetic recombination occurring as a result of dual infection with different subtypes of influenza A virus. PMID- 42297 TI - Selective resistance to togaviral superinfection in mice with tolerant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. AB - Mice infected neonatally with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) developed partial and complete resitance to cerebral superinfection with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TEV) in 10 and 20 days after birth, respectively. This resistance lasted at least till the age of 40 days. LCMV tolerant mice neither succumbed to TEV infection, nor circulated TEV in their blood. Moderate, gradually decreasing TEV titres were detected in the brains and TEV-induced brain interferon was lower than in control mice of the same age. TEV superinfection caused a significant depression of the blood titre of tolerated LCMV while the titres in the brains remained equal to those in tolerant but not superinfected mice. LCMV tolerant mice showed a similar resistance to another togavirus (chikungunya) but not to encephalitogenic picorna-, herpes- and rhabdoviruses. PMID- 42298 TI - Morphological characterisitcs of the pathological process in the central nervous system of monkeys infected with variants of measles virus strain L-16. AB - The neurovirulence of L-16 vaccine measles virus strains and its 9 clonal variants was investigated in intracerebrally infected Macaca mulatta monkeys. Two groups of clones were distinguished: one comprised variants that caused destructive changes of neurons in the brain and diffuse proliferative gliosis, and the second variants that caused changes of a transitory character, connected with the traumatic exposure. PMID- 42299 TI - Effect of incubation temperature on infectivity titration of mouse brain-passaged avian infectious bronchitis virus in laboratory host systems. AB - Mouse brain-passaged infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) could not be assayed for its infectivity at 39.5 degrees C, but could be so at 37 degrees C and 39.5 degrees C. Antigen accumulation was not detected by immunofluorescence in CEK cells infected with mouse brain-passaged IBV at 39.5 degrees C, perhaps due to the difference in the cellular environments. PMID- 42300 TI - Effect of 2-deoxy-D-glucose on the binding of preimmune and immune sera to herpes simplex virus-infected cells as measured by quantitative immunofluorescence. AB - The binding of immune and preimmune rabbit sera to fixed VERO cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV 1) was measured by quantitative immunofluorescence. False positive binding of the preimmune serum (PS) occurred from 8 hr post infection (p.i.), while the immune serum (IS) revealed positive fluorescence starting with 4 hr p.i. The false binding of PS decreased significantly (P = 0.01) if the cells were cultured in the presence of 2-deoxy-D glucose (DOG). Statistical analysis of data on the binding of IS to infected cells kept in the presence or absence of DOG showed that the mean values of immunofluorescence were not significantly different (P less than 0.1). Cells cultured for 8 hr p.i. in the presence of 6 mM DOG seem to be a suitable antigen for detection of the actual level of specific antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence. PMID- 42301 TI - Antiphytoviral activity of 2,4 dioxo hexahydro triazine. AB - Three treatments with 2,4 dioxo hexahydro triazine (DHT) significantly reduced the concentration of potato virus X (PVX) in systemically infected tobacco plants. In hypersensitive plants DHT caused a reduction in the number of local lesions produced by PVX. In systemic and hypersensitive hosts, treatment with DHT resulted in a more or less marked reduction in the concentration of, and in the number of local lesions caused by, potato virus Y (PVY), potato virus A (PVA), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Three days after treatment with DHT the incorporation of 32P into TMV RNA was significantly reduced, while that into host RNA was less affected. PMID- 42302 TI - Quantitative study on the reproduction of virulent and vaccine Rickettsia prow azeki strains in cells of different origin. AB - Vaccine and virulent strains of Rickettsia prowazeki differ by the degree of reproduction in McCoy, B, and chick embryo cells but replicate to similar levels in FL cells. As distinct from the virulent Breinl strain, the vaccine E strain rickettsiae permanently lost their capacity for long-term reproduction in McCoy cell cultures but retained their capacity to adsorb on to and penetrate into these cells. Consequently, the reproduction of rickettsiae is limited at later stages of intracellular infection. The E strain of R. prowazeki has been defined as a conditional lethal, host-dependent (hr) mutant. PMID- 42303 TI - Investigation of the ecology of Soldado virus on Puffin Island, North Wales. AB - The prevalence of Soldado (SOL) virus and SOL virus antibodies was investigated on immature sea birds and the argasid tick Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) maritimus collected on Puffin Island, North Wales. No SOL virus was recovered from 133 bird sera, but 2 of the birds exhibited neutralizing antibodies against SOL virus. Nine of 27 tick pools (226 individuals) and 34 of 173 ticks tested individually proved to be infected with SOL virus. PMID- 42304 TI - The effect of immunization on polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis in influenza. AB - Challenge of human subjects with influenza virus produced a significant fall in the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukoyctes (PMN's) obtained from their peripheral blood. This was seen by 3 days with some return toward normal function at 7 days but with a persistent defect still found at 20 days after challenge. PMID- 42305 TI - Attempt to transfer priming by cocultivation of L cells and chick embryo fibroblasts. AB - Interferon-treated L cells did not transfer priming to chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) during cocultivation. Nor could transfer be observed when CEF were treated with homologous interferon in the mixed cultures. The results indicate that the lack of transfer by cocultivation is another characteristic of priming different from antiviral resistance. PMID- 42306 TI - Suitability of Coxiella burnetii strains for preparation of phase II artificial diagnostic antigen for microagglutination test. AB - Sensitivity in the microagglutination (MA) test of artificial (prepared by potassium periodate treatment) phase II Coxiella burnetii antigens depended on the C. burnetii strain used and the number of its chick embryo yolk sac passages. PMID- 42307 TI - Vaccination of an adolescent group with A (H3N2) + A(HSW1N1) bivaccine before an A (H1N1) influenza epidemic. AB - A group of 35 adolescents aged 18--22 years were vaccinated intradermally with 0.2 ml of a mixed A (H3N2) + A (Hsw1N1) formolized vaccine and revaccinated with A (Hsw1N1) monovaccine 10 days before an A (H1N1) influenza epidemic. The vaccination had no effect on morbidity or the clinical course of disease. Serology revealed a primary immune response to A (Hsw1N1) and a booster response to A (H3N2). Apparently, prevention of a new influenza subtype by formolized vaccine possessing only the corresponding neuraminidase type is ineffective. PMID- 42308 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 42309 TI - Joggers: see your physician first. PMID- 42310 TI - Adsorption properties of U.I.C.C. Rhodesian chrysotile and crocidolite in aqueous solution -- effects of cation depletion. AB - Adsorption properties of U.I.C.C. Rhodesian chrysotile and crocidolite were tested in aqueous solution with acid and basic dyes (Eosine Y. Picric Acid, Acridine Orange and Methylene Blue). Rates of adsorption showed a diffusion of only basic dyes in micropores of fibers. The strong adsorption of basic dyes on the surface of the fibers led us to suppose that the active sites have a negative charge. Our hypothesis was supported by the verification of an increase in adsorption capacity whick depends on depletion of Mg++ from chrysotile and of Fe+++ from crocidolite. PMID- 42311 TI - Hemoglobin Cowtown (beta 146 HC3 His-Leu): a mutant with high oxygen affinity and erythrocytosis. AB - A new mutant, hemoglobin Cowtown, has been found in a white man and his father, both of whom have erythrocytosis. The father had previously been treated with 32P for polycythemia vera. The abnormal hemoglobin is not detectable on electrophoresis in alkaline buffers, but it resolves distinctively on electrophoresis in citrate agar, pH 6.0; similarly, the abnormal beta-globin chain does not separate from beta-A in urea 2-mercaptoethanol buffers of pH 8.9, but it moves anodically to beta-A at pH 6.0. Peptide chromatography and amino acid analysis of the beta chain reveal that the C-terminal histidine residue (beta 146) has been replaced by leucine. Like several other hemoglobins substituted at this residue, Hb Cowtown has a high oxygen affinity and a diminished Bohr effect. PMID- 42312 TI - Thirtieth annual meeting, the American Society of Human Genetics, October 3--6, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 42313 TI - A pathophysiologic approach to diagnosis of malabsorption. PMID- 42314 TI - Immunosuppressive and corticosteroid therapy of polyarteritis nodosa. AB - The clinical manifestations, treatment and survival of 64 patients with polyarteritis nodosa seen from 1955 to 1977 were evaluated. In general, the patients had multisystem involvement. No patient with cutaneous vasculitis alone was accepted into the study. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy in 34 patients, by autopsy in 13 and by angiography in 10. The patients were treated at the discretion of the physicians responsible for their care. Eight of the 64 patients received only supportive therapy (group 1), 34 received corticosteroids alone (group 2), and 22 received both corticosteroids and an immunosuppressive agent (group 3). Five patients in group 2 and one patient in group 3 were excluded from survival studies because of insufficient length of therapy. Patients in the three treatment groups were very similar with respect to 18 clinical and laboratory variables. Median survival times for the three groups were three months, 63 months and 149 months, respectively; 5 year survival rates were 12 per cent, 53 per cent and 80 per cent (p less than 0.05). Despite difficulty in precisely defining polyarteritis nodosa, the data suggest a better prognosis for treated patients than has previously been appreciated, with improvement in outcome when an immunosuppressive agent is added to corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 42315 TI - The effect of multiple psychotropic drugs on the accommodation of pre-presbyopes. AB - Among 1,000 psychiatric patients in a Veterans Administration hospital, there were 15 in the age group 21--41 years who complained of difficulty at near and who showed reduced accommodation. All 15 were receiving benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) and most also received a phenothiazine or a butyrophenone. The reduction in accommodation ranged from 40 to 100%. Data are insufficient to correlate doses of specific drugs with the precise extent of the impairment of accommodation. PMID- 42316 TI - Influence of mucosal and serosal pH on antidiuretic action in frog urinary bladder. AB - Mucosal acidification to pH 6.5 reduced by 88% the oxytocin- (2.2 x 10(-8) M) elicited increase of water permeability in frog urinary bladder. Mucosal alkalinization (pH 10.5) increased by as much as 200% the response to the same concentration of oxytocin. These effects were not observed when supramaximal concentrations of oxytocin were imployed. Similar changes were found when the serosal pH was modified. The hydrosmotic responses elicited by serosal hypertonicity or cyclic AMP plus theophylline were also affected by mucosal or serosal changes of the hydrogen in concentration, suggesting an effect at a post cyclic AMP level. Important interactions were found between luminal pH and serosal hypertonicity when experimental conditions were employed similar to those observed in the collecting duct of mammalian nephron. Freeze-fracture studies showed that the number of intramembranous aggregates of particles induced by ADH in the luminal membrane was reduced by mucosal acidification and augmented by an increase in medium pH. PMID- 42317 TI - Neurobiologic correlates with defense mechanisms and psychotherapy. AB - It is proposed that repression, regression, and other defenses are associated with various transmitter systems under the guidance of the predominantly serotonergic, aversive, and the noradrenergic reward centers. The alteration of total and base composition of glial and neuronal RNA and the inferred encoding of memory are applied to the formation of neurosis and to psychotherapy. PMID- 42318 TI - Detection of alcoholism relapse: comparative diagnostic value of MCV, GGTP, and AANB. AB - Mean red blood cell volume (MCV), plasma gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), and plasma alpha amino-n-butyric acid (AANB) were measured in 245 patients undergoing treatment for alcoholism at the V.A. Medical Center, Bronx, N.Y. and Raleigh Hills Hospitals, Denver, Colo. AANB and GGTP, but not MCV, decreased following withdrawal from alcohol and during a period of abstinence. Among patients who relapsed, AANB and GGTP, but not MCV, increased in a majority of subjects. The combined use of AANB and GGTP identified 28/33 heavy drinkers, while 4/33 patients in remission had positive tests. In conclusion, measurement of AANB and GGTP are useful in documenting the success of treatment for alcoholism and in identifying patients who relapse following treatment for alcoholism. PMID- 42319 TI - Neurotransmitter function and alcoholism. PMID- 42320 TI - Neurotransmitter function in alcoholism--a seminar presented at the Annual Medical-Scientific Conference, 1979. PMID- 42322 TI - Summary of Proceedings. American Nurses' Association 51st Convention; June 9-14, 1978 Honolulu, Hawaii. PMID- 42321 TI - Alterations in neurotransmitter activity after acute and chronic ethanol treatment: studies of transmitter interactions. AB - Acute and chronic ethanol treatment has multiple effects on the neurotransmitter systems in the nigrostriatal complex. A single dose of ethanol increases striatal dopamine release at low doses, but depresses it at high doses. In ethanol dependent rats, dopamine release is accelerated during intoxication, but is reduced during a withdrawal syndrome. Concomitantly, high-affinity choline uptake, an index of cholinergic activity, is elevated at times when dopamine release is depressed. Changes in dopaminergic or cholinergic receptor activity do not induce or result from these effects. Neither has a role for GABA or substance P yet been implicated. The data suggest that interactions between at least two trasmitters in the caudate nucleus may occur after acute and chronic ethanol treatment. PMID- 42323 TI - Adverse reactions following fazadinium-thiopentone induction. AB - Three cases of hypersensitivity to an anaesthetic induction with fazadinium and thiopentone are described. One reaction was fatal. Two patients had documented and the third presumptive previous exposure to thiopentone, and all had a history of allergy (skin rash) to penicillin. None of the patients had received fazadinium before. The possibility that fazadinium contributed to the severity of the reactions is conjectural. PMID- 42324 TI - Factors affecting the binding of glycoproteins to concanavalin A and Ricinus communis agglutinin and the dissociation of their complexes. PMID- 42325 TI - Recycling analysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphates (NADP and NADPH). PMID- 42326 TI - A convenient micromethod for the assay of primary amines and proteins with fluorescamine. A reexamination of the conditions of reaction. PMID- 42327 TI - Cytochemistry of oxidoreductases in spermatozoa: the technique revisited. AB - A revised cytochemical procedure for demonstrating sperm oxidoreductases is presented in an attempt to standardize its use in comparative and experimental studies. Its detailed description includes improved incubation techniques, preparation of media, preservation of cytochemical activity on smears and evaluation of cytochemical preparations. Special attention is paid to the competing activities which may affect the specificity of the results. PMID- 42328 TI - Hydrogen ion concentration versus pH. AB - There appears to be a tendency to convert pH values into "hydrogen ion concentrations" using the antilog of negative pH values. The present communication describes the thermodynamic basis of pH to explain that the above procedure is erroneous and that pH values should be treated as primary variables. Acidity expressed by the hydrogen ion concentrations measured by titrations (base excess or base deficit) has no bearing with the "hydrogen ion concentrations" derived by the antilog of negative pH. PMID- 42329 TI - Adrenergic receptors and others. Fourteenth Annual Becton, Dickinson and Company Oscar Schwidetzky Memorial Lecture. PMID- 42330 TI - Intracranial hemorrhage following intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate or saline solution in the newborn lamb asphyxiated in utero. PMID- 42331 TI - Determination of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of aliflurane in dogs. AB - The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of aliflurane was measured in ten dogs. A value of 1.84 volumes per cent was determined, which correlates well with predictions based on lipid solubility. Induction of anesthesia and recovery were rapid, as would be anticipated with an agent of relatively low solubility in blood (blood-gas partition coefficient = 1.7). Circulatory responses over a relatively narrow range of aliflurane concentrations (0.8 to 1.4 MAC) remained stable, but the development of tachypnea, irregular ventilatory patterns, and increased muscle tone were frequently encountered during aliflurane anesthesis. PMID- 42332 TI - Uptake and biotransformation of aliflurane (1-chloro-2-methoxy-1,2,3,3 tetrafluorocyclopropane, compound 26-p) in man. PMID- 42333 TI - The effects of H1 and H2 antihistamines on histamine inhalation challenges in asthmatic patients. AB - This study was designed to examine the effect of an H1 antihistamine, chlorpheniramine, an H2 antihistamine, cimetidine, and the combination of chlorpheniramine and cimetidine on histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in a double-blind, randomized protocol on 11 patients with asthma. Each patient underwent a histamine inhalation challenge on 5 separate days. After a control day, histamine inhalation challenges were performed 2 h after the administration of a single oral dose of 8 mg of chlorpheniramine, 300 mg of cimetidine, the combination of chlorpheniramine and cimetidine, or placebo. Baseline pulmonary function measurements were not significantly altered by the 4 treatments. Body plethysmography data and measurements from the forced vital capacity maneuver were obtained before and after the histamine inhalation challenges. The provocation dose of histamine that produced a 20% decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second, a 35% decrease in mean forced expiratory flow during the middle half of the forced vital capacity, and a 50% decrease in specific airway conductance was significantly increased after administration of chlorpheniramine (p less than 0.002) and decreased after administration of cimetidine (p less than 0.02), where as no significant effect was noted after the combination of chlorpheniramine and cimetidine. The results suggest the presence of both H1 and H2 receptors in the airways of asthmatic patients. PMID- 42334 TI - Lung lysyl oxidase activity: relation to lung growth. AB - The activity of lysyl oxidase (LOX), the extracellular enzyme responsible for initiating crosslinking of collagen and elastin, was measured during 3 types of postnatal lung growth. Lung parenchymal and pleural LOX activity was high in the first 3 wk of of life, decreasing by 50 % to stable amounts by 4 to 10 wk. In contrast, airway and aortic LOX activity remained high during the first 10 wk of life, decreasing by 50 to 75 % thereafter. After pneumonectomy, lung LOX activity doubled within 24 h, decreasing to control values thereafter. Hypoxia (12 to 13 % O2) resulted in a prompt and sustained increase in lung but not pleural, airway, or aortic LOX activity. Thus, LOX activity can be controlled precisely within specific tissues and appears to be related to early phases of connective-tissue synthesis. Further studies of the synthesis and degradation of LOX should provide important information about the control of connective-tissue formation within the lungs. PMID- 42335 TI - Pneumococcal infections after human bone-marrow transplantation. AB - Seven of 26 long-term survivors (greater than 7 months post-transplant) of bone marrow transplantation developed penicillin-sensitive pneumococcal infections more than 7 months after transplantation. One patient had two infections. Six of eight infections were associated with pneumococcal bacteremia, and Streptococcus pneumoniae type 6A was isolated in three cases. Two infections were fatal. All patients had normal nematopoietic function, and none was receiving immunosuppressive therapy. The development of pneumococcal infection was significantly associated with males and with abnormally low or high serum IGG and IgM levels but not with graft-versus-host disease. Serum opsonic activity for S. pneumoniae type 6A was decreased in six of the seven patients when compared to normal pooled serum in an in-vitro bactericidal assay. Four of the six patients with impaired opsonic activity had low serum antibody levels for S. pneumoniae type 6A capsular polysaccharide, while the other two patients had low serum CH100 complement activity. Bone-marrow transplant recipients have an increased susceptibility to pneumococcal infections and should be evaluated for prophylactic penicillin or pneumococcal vaccination. PMID- 42336 TI - Home parenteral nutrition in treatment of severe radiation enteritis. AB - Ten patients with radiation enteritis unresponsive to conventional medical and surgical therapy were put on long-term parenteral nutrition at home. Six of the patients are alive at home; four patients died, two from recurrent cancer. Some of the patients have been able to resume oral intake, but none have been able to discontinue parenteral nutrition. Fistulas healed or had a marked decrease in output. Two patients in our series were given prednisone and slinical improvement of radiation enteritis with this therapy. PMID- 42337 TI - Estrogen use and postmenopausal women: a National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference. PMID- 42338 TI - [Cryptorchism. Old and current ideas and personal observations in 147 operated cases]. PMID- 42339 TI - Vein of the vestibular aqueduct. AB - The vein of the vestibular aqueduct (VVA) was investigated in a series of 40 human temporal bones. The processing included vascular injection with a colored medium, decalcification and cutting in serial, thick sections, which were put in a clear fluid and studied with a stereo-microscope. The labyrinthine roots of the VVA are the single veins of the ampulla and simple limbs of the semicircular canals and of the posterior wall of the utricle. They drain the rich capillary bed of the simple endolymphatic walls of the canals and the utricle, as well as a small peripheral area of the cristae and the utricular macula. The VVA leaves the vestibule through an individual bone canal running parallel to the vestibular aqueduct up to the dura of the posterior side of the petrosa in the area of the endolymphatic sac. It then opens in the inferior petrosal sinus or the jugular bulb. The vein receives other branches from the bone, dura and sac. Correct information on the course of this vein appears to be lacking in contemporary textbooks and articles, although it has been correctly described since the last century. PMID- 42340 TI - Absence of otoconia in a human infant. AB - Temporal bone specimens were obtained at autopsy from a six-week-old victim of sudden infant death syndrome. The inner ears were microdissected and studied by a combination of light and scanning electron microscopy. Otoconia were completely absent from the sensory organs of the saccule and utricle on both sides. However, the gelatinous otoconial membranes, neuroepithelia, and innervation were normal. In parallel with unusually light pigmentation of the skin in this Negro infant, relatively few melanocytes were found in the membranous walls of the saccule and utricle. No abnormalities were present in other inner ear structures. This anomaly, which we believe was congenital in nature, is strikingly similar to a genetically determined inner ear defect which has been extensively studied in experimental animals. PMID- 42341 TI - An interlaboratory survey of hydrogen ion and blood gas determinations. AB - A survey of [H+], Pco2, and Po2 analyses in 360 laboratories was conducted using three commercial control materials: two aqueous gas-equilibrated buffer solutions (General Diagnostics and IL) and one whole blood material (DADE). There was little difference in precision or accuracy between instruments, classified according to manufacturer into four groups, and materials for [H+] and Pco2, or in precision for Po2. There were, however, differences in accuracy between instrument groups for Po2 analysis on the aqueous materials, and in some cases the mean values lay outside the range assigned by the material manufacturers. The 35 instruments outside clinical chemistry departments yielded results similar to those of all participants. The relation between inter- and intra-laboratory precision was similar to that for many analytes, suggesting that neither these materials nor the state of these analyses is unsatisfactory. Aqueous materials should, however, be used with caution as accuracy controls for Po2. PMID- 42342 TI - An improved radioenzymatic assay for histamine in human plasma, whole blood, urine, and gastric juice. AB - A radioenzymatic method suitable for the assay of histamine in human blood, urine, plasma, and gastric juice is described. It differs from earlier methods by use of a histamine methyltransferase preparation from pig brain, of high activity tritiated S-adenosylmethionine, and of a heat precipitation step to reduce the previously noted interference from plasma constituents. The method is simpler than those requiring solvent extraction and concentration of histamine, gives recoveries in the range 80-120%, and so sliminates the need for internal standardisation. The method is sensitive and precise with coefficients of variation for blood, urine, and plasma of 5%, 6%, and 13% respectively. The mean +/- standard deviation for normal human plasma histamine is 5 +/- 4 nmol/l, for whole blood 559 +/- 193 nmol/l, and for urine 229 +/- 128 nmol/24h. PMID- 42343 TI - 10th Annual Meeting of the European Thyroid Association. Abstracts. Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK : 2nd-6th July 1979. PMID- 42344 TI - Clinical pharmacology of mephenytoin and ethotoin. AB - Effective prescribing of anticonvulsants requires foreknowledge of baseline pharmacokinetic data. Little such information is available about the hydantoins other than phenytoin, although one of them, mephenytoin, is widely used. Useful pharmacokinetic data should be derived from patients already exposed to anticonvulsants to reflect the induction of hepatic oxidative enzymes. Single dose studies of mephenytoin (Mesantoin) and ethotoin (Peganone) were performed in adult inpatients on stable regimens of other anticonvulsants. Five patients received mephenytoin, 7 mg per kilogram of body weight. Serial blood sampling was performed rigorously. The time to peak concentration (Tmax) for mephenytoin was 1 hour, with a half-life (T 1/2) of 7 hours; the T 1/2 of its metabolite, 5-ethyl-5 phenylhydantion, was 96 hours. Ethotoin administration was 25 mg per kilogram in 5 patients. Ethotoin Tmax was 2 hours, with a T 1/2 of 5 hours. Saliva accurately represented the unbound fraction for all three agents. Mean salivary levels (as percentage of total levels) were 61% for mephenytoin, 73% for its metabolite, and 54% for ethotoin. The implications for therapy are that following mephenytoin administration, the metabolite 5-ethyl-5-phenylhydantoin will provide anticonvulsant effectiveness, with its long half-life producing stable blood levels on simple dose schedules. Ethotoin, in contrast, has a short half-life and would require divided daily doses to achieve a steady state. This, rather than pharmacological ineffectiveness, limits its usefulness. PMID- 42345 TI - [Solubility and the complex-forming properties of the zwitterlytes, 6 aminopenicillanic and 7-aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acids]. AB - Relation between solubility of the zwitterlites 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA) and 7-aminodesacetoxycephalosporamic acid (7-ADCA) and the ionic strength and pH of the solution was studied. A specific effect of benzylpenicillin (BP) and 7 phenylacetamidodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-PADCA) on solubility of the above zwitterlites was found and complex formation was suggested. An explanation of the complex formation mechanism and a method for estimation of the instability constants of the complexes are presented. The method is based on determination of the changes in the zwitterlite solubility in the presence of the complex forming compound. The values of the characteristic solubility of the ampholyte zwitter ions and the instability constants of the complexes "zwitterlite-complex forming compounds" were determined. A mathematical description of the relation between the zwitterlite solubility within a wide range of pH and concentrations of the complex forming compounds is presented. Coincidence of the calculated and experimental data was observed, which provided a supposition that the substances involved in complex formation were charged. PMID- 42346 TI - [Effect of additions of the carbon and nitrogen sources on the NADP+ and NAD+ level in the mycelium of a producing strain of P. nigricans Thom]. AB - The levels of NADP+ and NAD+ in the mycelium of a cultured strain of P. nigricans Thom grown on the mineral medium with 2 per cent of glucose were studied as dependent on the time and method of addition of glucose. NaNO3 or their mixture to the medium, i. e. a single addition simultaneously with the spore inoculation or on the 7th day of the culture development, divided additions on the 5th--7th days. It was shown that addition of the above sources simultaneously with inoculation affected the levels of both dinucleotides by the 5th and 8th days. Analogous additions on the 7th day in 24 hours decreased the level of NAD+, while the NADP+ concentration increased after addition of a mixture of glucose and NANO3 and remained unchanged on their separate addition. When the above sources were added in divided doses the level of NADP+ increased till the 7th day and that of NAD+ till the end of the experiment (the 8th day). PMID- 42347 TI - Hyperproduction of tryptophan by Escherichia coli: genetic manipulation of the pathways leading to tryptophan formation. AB - Conversion of glucose and ammonium salts into tryptophan by mutants of Escherichia coli was examined as part of a feasibility study on the manufacture of tryptophan. This involved construction, largely by transduction, or a variety of multiple-mutation strains with defined genotypes. By comparing the properties of these strains, we were able to define in biochemical terms several changes that significantly enhance process productivity, namely (i) release of the first enzyme of the common pathway of aromatic biosynthesis and the first enzyme of the tryptophan pathway (3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase and the anthranilate aggregate, respectively) from inhibition by end products, (ii) blockage of the diversion of chorismate to phenylalanine and tyrosine biosynthesis, and (iii) presence of highly elevated tryptophan pathway enzyme levels, such as result from interference with both repression and attenuation, combined with gene amplification. By using strains carrying appropriate mutations to effect all of these changes, high values of specific productivity were obtained in bath culture (approximately 80 mg/g [dry weight] per h). Furthermore, a pronounced decay in the level of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase activity was implicated as a cause of declining process producitivity during stationary phase, emphasizing the value of having derepressed levels of this enzyme. PMID- 42348 TI - Oxidation of secondary alcohols to methyl ketones by yeasts. AB - Cell suspensions of yeasts, Candida utilis ATCC 26387, Hansenula polymorpha ATCC 26012, Pichia sp. NRRL-Y-11328, Torulopsis sp. strain A1, and Kloeckera sp. strain A2, grown on various C-1 compounds (methanol, methylamine, methylformate), ethanol, and propylamine catalyzed the oxidation of secondary alcohols to the corresponding methyl ketones. Thus, isopropanol, 2-butanol, 2-pentanol, and 2 hexanol were converted to acetone, 2-butanone, 2-pentanone, and 2-hexanone, respectively. Cell-free extracts derived from methanol-grown yeasts catalyzed an oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent oxidation of secondary alcohols to the corresponding methyl ketones, Primary alcohols were not oxidized. The effect of various environmental factors on the production of methyl ketones from secondary alcohols by methanol-grown Pichia sp. was investigated. PMID- 42349 TI - Rapid seven-hour fecal coliform test. AB - A rapid 7-h fecal coliform (FC) test for the detection of FC in water has been developed. This membrane filter test utilizes a lightly buffered lactose-based medium (m-7-h FC medium) combined with a sensitive pH indicator system. FC colonies appeared yellow against a light purple background after incubation at 41.5 degrees C for 7 to 7.25 h. Comparison of FC test results showed that the mean verified FC count ratio (7-h FC count/24-h FC count) for surface water samples was 1.08. The mean FC count ratio (7-h FC count/24-h FC count) for unchlorinater wastewater ranged from 1.95 to 5.05. Verification of yellow FC colonies from m-7-h FC medium averaged 97%. Data from field tests on Lake Michigan bathing beach water samples showed that unverified 7-h FC counts averaged 96% of the 24-h FC counts. The 7-h FC test was found to be suitable for the examination of surface waters and unchlorinated sewage and could serve as an emergency test for detection of sewage or fecal contamination of potable water. PMID- 42350 TI - Comparative adsorption of human enteroviruses, simian rotavirus, and selected bacteriophages to soils. AB - Virus adsorption to soils is considered to be the most important factor in removing viruses after land treatment of wastewater. Most of the studies on virus adsorption to soils have utilized poliovirus as the model system. In the present study, comparative adsorption of a number of different types and strains of human enteroviruses and bacteriophages to nine different soil types was studied. Under the experimental conditions of this study, greater than 90% of all viruses adsorbed to a sandy loam soil except echovirus types 1, 12, and 29 and a simian rotavirus (SA-11), which adsorbed to a considerably lower degree. A great deal of variability was observed between adsorption of different strains of echovirus type 1, indicating that viral adsorption to soils is highly strain dependent. Of the five phages studied, f2 and phi X174 adsorbed the least. In addition to being dependent on type and strain of virus, adsorption was found to be influenced also by type of soil. Thus, soils having a saturated pH of less than 5 were generally good adsorbers. From these results, it appears that no one enterovirus or coliphage can be used as the sole model for determining the adsorptive behavior of viruses to soils and that no single soil can be used as the model for determining viral adsorptive capacity of all soil types. PMID- 42351 TI - pH modification of the effects of detergents on the stability of enteric viruses. AB - The effect of detergents on the stability of enteric viruses was found to be highly dependent on pH. This was demonstrated primarily with two ionic detergents, sodium dodecyl sulfate (an anionic detergent) and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (a cationic detergent). Both detergents were shown to be potent virucidal agents for reovirus, but the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate were minimal near neutrality and much more pronounced at low than at high pH values. Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride was extremely virucidal at high pH's but had little observable effect on reovirus stability at low pH values. In contrast, both detergents protected enteroviruses against heat at neutral and alkaline pH's. However, as was found with reovirus, sodium dodecyl sulfate was extremely virucidal at pH values below 5, even when the virus samples were incubated in ice. At different pH's the effects of detergents on the stabilities of coliphages T4, f1, and Q beta were qualitatively similar to those found with reovirus. Differences in viral stability in these experiments appeared to be due to the effects of pH on the ionic states of the viral capsid proteins. PMID- 42352 TI - Time-resolved fluorescence depolarization measurements of F-actin binding to myosin subfragments-1 bearing different alkali light chains. PMID- 42353 TI - Regulation of coenzyme utilization by the dual nucleotide-specific glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroids. PMID- 42354 TI - Effect of pH on calcium accumulation and release by isolated fragments of cardiac and skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 42355 TI - Alternative pathways of glucose utilization in brain. Changes in the pattern of glucose utilization in brain during development and the effect of phenazine methosulfate on the integration of metabolic routes. PMID- 42356 TI - Biosynthesis of monoterpenes: preliminary characterization of bornyl pyrophosphate synthetase from sage (Salvia officinalis) and demonstration that Geranyl pyrophosphate is the preferred substrate for cyclization. PMID- 42357 TI - Biosynthesis of monoterpenes: hydrolysis of bornyl pyrophosphate, an essential step in camphor biosynthesis, and hydrolysis of geranyl pyrophosphate, the acyclic precursor of camphor, by enzymes from sage (Salvia officinalis). PMID- 42358 TI - Kinetics of the inactivation of Escherichia coli glutamate apodecarboxylase by phenylglyoxal. PMID- 42359 TI - Retinyl esterase activity of purified rat liver retinyl ester lipoprotein complex. PMID- 42360 TI - Comparisons between hog intestinal peroxidase and bovine lactoperoxidase-compound I formation and inhibition by benzhydroxamic acid. PMID- 42361 TI - Neonatal Society. Meeting held on 8 February 1979 at the Institute of Child Health, London. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 42362 TI - Heberden Society. The Heberden Round April 1979. PMID- 42363 TI - [Proceedings: Regional Conference on Vaccination against Measles Milan (Italy), December 16, 1978]. PMID- 42364 TI - [Epidemiology of measles (author's transl)]. AB - A detailed analysis of epidemiology of measles in pre-vaccinal era is reported for both isolated, underdeveloped and developed populations, together with the most recent knowledge on epidemiological changes tooking place in those countries which introduced large-scale vaccination with live, further attenuated measles vaccines: reduction of morbidity mortality and complication rates, morbidity age shift, etc. Results obtained in U.S.A., where vaccination was introduced in 1963, are analyzed also considering that it never spanned above 66% of children 1-4 year. Suggestions derive after the american experience for a correct strategy of the incoming vaccination in this Country. PMID- 42365 TI - [The vaccination against measles: effectiveness and care in use (author's transl)]. AB - The A. deals with three clinic aspects of outstanding importance of the measles and its relevant vaccination; that is: the complications of the disease, the contraindications to live virus vaccine and the possible reactions to vaccine. It is particularly stressed the possibility of neurological complications due either to disease or to vaccination posthumous. PMID- 42367 TI - Another use. PMID- 42366 TI - Study of the effects of neurotransmitters on the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis function in in vitro cell suspension system. AB - The effects of different neurotransmitters were tested in vitro on a hypothalamic tissue, collagenase-digested isolated anterior pituitary and Leydig cell suspension system by measuring the testosterone production of the Leydig cells. Neurotransmitters were used in concentrations of 0.25, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 micrograms/ml incubation medium. Dopamine in doses of 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 micrograms/ml increased the hypothalamic tissue-induced pituitary-testis activation, while it had no direct effect on pituitary and Leydig cells. Noradrenaline in the concentration range 2.5--10.0 micrograms/ml decreased the luteinizing-hormone-releasing-hormone (LHRH) sensitivity of the pituitary cells. 5.0 and 10.0 micrograms/ml 5-hydroxytryptamine decreased the testosterone production and the hCG sensitivity of the isolated Leydig cells. Carbamylcholine and pilocarpine had no action on the in vitro system at the different levels studied. PMID- 42368 TI - Rapid decrease of ATP content in intact cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae after incubation with low concentrations of sulfite. AB - Sulfite, at concentrations above 1 mM and at a pH below 4, caused cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180 as measured by the colony-forming capacity. A rapid decrease in the ATP content was observed prior to cellular death. The depletion of ATP was reversible and the lethal effect could be prevented if the cells were exposed to sulfite for periods of less than 1 h. Extent and rate of ATP depletion were dependent on time, pH value, temperature and sulfite concentrations. PMID- 42369 TI - Protein synthesizing systems from spores and vegetative cells of Bacillus cereus. AB - A system of polyphenylalanine synthesis was optimized for a comparison of the polymerizing activities of ribosomes from spores and vegetative cells of Bacillus cereus T. Ribosomes of both types react similarly, showing a magnesium optimum of about 6mM and spermidine optima of about 5mM and 4mM for vegative and spore ribosomes, respectively. These lead to optimum mono- to multivalent cation rations of 9 and 10 respectively at 100 mM ammonium ion. A comparison of the response of these ribosomes to suboptimal concentrations of magnesium and spermidine show that they differ qualitatively from each other, suggesting that they possess different structure, macromolecular or ionic components. PMID- 42370 TI - Characterization and synthesis regulation of Penicillium italicum 1,6-beta glucanase. AB - The filamentous fungus Penicillium italicum when grown in a synthetic medium, produced and secreted 1,6-beta-glucanase into the culture medium. This enzyme has been partially purified by gel filtration. After this step the active fractions were free of 1,3-beta-glucanase, alpha-amylase and beta-glucosidase activities. Only four proteins, one associated with the enzyme, were found by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non denaturing conditions. The enzyme behaves as an acidic protein (pI 4.65) with an optimum pH of 5 and an endohydrolytic mode of action. The activity was also found associated with the mycelium. Its synthesis was repressed by glucose or growth-promoting sugars. Derepression in low glucose containing medium required protein synthesis. 8-Hydroxyquinoline, an RNA synthesis inhibitor, added during the derepression period did permit some increase in the specific activity but prevented it when added at the beginning of that period. PMID- 42371 TI - Trypotophanase from a marine bacterium, Vibrio K-7 synthesis, purification and some chemical catalytic properties. AB - The conditions for synthesis, purification, and properties of tryptophanase by a marine organism (Vibrio K-7) were studied. Tryptophanase was induced by tryptophan and its analogs, and partially repressed by 0.5% glucose or glycerol. NaCl (0.4 M) was required for optimal growth and tryptophanase activity in whole cells. The enzyme was purified to 92% homogeneity by heat treatment, hydroxyapatite chromatography and fractionation with ammonium sulfate. This tryptophanase has been found to have kinetic properties similar to the tryptophanase from other microorganisms. It carries out both alpha, beta elimination reactions (using tryptophan, serine, cysteine and S-methylcysteine as substrates) and beta-replacement reactions (forming tryptophan from indole and serine, cysteine or S-methyl-cysteine). The enzyme has a sedimentation coefficient of 9.2S and requires pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor. The optimal pH for the tryptophanase reaction is pH 8.0. PMID- 42372 TI - Stability of the lyophilized F(ab')2 fragments of horse tetanus antibodies isolated by affinity chromatography. AB - F(ab')2 fragments of horse tetanus antibodies were obtained from horse hyperimmune sera after peptic digestion. The digest was passed through a column of tetanus toxoid coupled with Sepharose 4B, F(ab')2 fragments were eluted with a solution of 5 mM HCl in 150 mM NaCl and the eluates were concentrated by ultrafiltration and lyophilized. Glycine and human serum albumin were used as stabilizing agents. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic mobility and molecular weight of the fragments remained unchanged after lyophilization. Freeze-dried preparations stored two months at 56 degrees C showed only a slight decrease in antitetanus activity. The ORD measurements and spectrophotometric determinations of unfolding over pH range 2.1-5.0 show that the F(ab')2 fragment structure is highly stable in acid medium. PMID- 42373 TI - [Study of seminal fluid. Critical evaluation of various laboratory parameters]. AB - The various humoral and morphological parameters on which examination of seminal fluid is based are considered. Two groups of causes that may modify normal fertility are pointed out: one concerns functional changes of the gonad and/or of the accessory glands, the other the ejaculatory phase and specifically the modalities for collecting the ejaculte. In this regard, stress is laid on how the first fraction of split ejaculate not only possesses biochemical characteristics different to those of the second fraction, but also presents a much higher sperm concentration and, hence, greater fertilizing capacity. It is therefore clear that separate examination of the two fractions may point to states of "latent" subfertility which global examination cannot spot. PMID- 42374 TI - [Plasma and intra-erythrocyte variations in acid-base equilibrium in acute acidosis due to acetazolamide loading]. AB - Plasma and red cell acid-base equilibrium was studied in 14 healthy subjects following the induction of acidosis by means of i.v. acetazolamide. It was found that changes in red cell values were significantly less marked than those in plasma. PMID- 42375 TI - Application of fine-needle aspiration biopsy for the diagnosis of dysplastic and neoplastic liver cell changes induced by N-nitrosomorpholine in rats. AB - Male rats were treated with the hepatocarcinogen, N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM, 10 mg ad 100 ml drinking water) for 19 weeks. Repeated fine-needle aspiration biopsies of the liver were performed percutaneously. Cytomorphologic and cytochemical criteria were used for the characterization of dysplastic and carcinoma cells. The alterations seen in the smears were correlated with histopathologic findings in the punctured liver lobes. Cells showing type I dysplasia were recognized in smears obtained from day 7 on. They corresponded to the swollen, glycogen-free cells developing in zone 3 of the Rappaport acinus during the early treatment phases. In later stages type I dysplastic cells were observed in smears. This coincided with the development of neoplastic nodules seen in histopathologic preparations. Carcinoma cells were recognized first after 15 weeks. Marked gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) activity could be demonstrated cytochemically in biopsy smears and biochemically in biopsy homogenates during the early phases of NNM-treatment. Simultaneously, a rise in gamma-GT activity was also observed in the serum. PMID- 42376 TI - In vitro studies on Borna virus. II. Properties of the virus. AB - Successful cultivation and titration of Borna disease virus in cell cultures enabled detailed studies of the virus properties. Borna virus is labile towards treatment with heat, pH 3.0 and lipid solvents. It is relatively stable at low temperatures and in frozen state. It is easily inactivated by ultraviolet light as e.g. vesicular stomatitis virus. After ultrafiltration studies, the size of the infectious virus unit is between 80 and 100 nm. Its buoyant density in cesium chloride is 1.165 g per ml. The one step multiplication curve shows that Borna virus has a replication cycle of about 2 days in BSC 1 cells. In growth experiments using antimetabilites it behaves like certain RNA containing viruses. As its multiplication is not inhibited by bromo- and iododeoxyuridine and actinomycin D, no DNA step seems to be involved in virus synthesis. Regarding these properties and the intracellular antigen distribution as shown by fluorescent antibodies, it is not possible to attribute Borna virus to any of the established virus groups. PMID- 42377 TI - Production, purification and characterization of rat interferon. AB - Priming with heterologous mouse interferon, increased production of an antiviral substance induced in rat diploid fibroblasts by Newcastle disease virus. This substance was characterized as an acid stable interferon. This rat interferon exhibited marked cross-species antiviral activity when tested in mouse L929B cells, guinea pig embryo fibroblasts, human fibroblasts and bovine cells but was not active on chick embryo cells. PMID- 42378 TI - Effects of various drugs on behavioral contrast using a double-crossover procedure. PMID- 42379 TI - [Superoxide dismutase (SODa) or indophenol oxidase (IPO) determination using electrofocusing of phenotypes in northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein]. PMID- 42380 TI - [Simple identification of barbiturates after methylation with DMF-DMA by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry]. PMID- 42381 TI - [Determination of beta-receptor blockaders in forensic toxicologic practice]. PMID- 42382 TI - [Gas chromatographic determination of acid and neutral drugs after separation on Extrelut (Merck)]. PMID- 42383 TI - [Determination of benzodiazepines in forensic chemistry]. PMID- 42384 TI - Biochemical differences between cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase allozymes of Drosophila virilis. AB - Two allozymes (MDHf and MDHs) of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase of Drosophila virilis were partially purified and their biochemical properties were compared. MDHf has a pH optimum of 9.75 and MDHs one of 9.25 for malate oxidation. Optimal pH for oxaloacetate reduction is 6.75 and 8.0 for MDHf and MDHs, respectively. The Km value for oxaloacetate of MDHs is approximately twice as that of MDHf. No differences were found with respect to thermostability and Km's for malate, NAD+, or NADH. These results are discussed in terms of the physiological role of cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase of D. virilis. PMID- 42385 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of three acidic proteinases in erythrocyte membranes. AB - 1. The distribution of proteolytic activity in membranes from human erythrocytes and from rabbit reticulocytes and erythrocytes was investigated, after removal of leucocytes and platelets from the cell suspensions. 2. All membrane preparations displayed proteolytic activity in the acidic pH region only. Membranes from human and rabbit mature erythrocytes showed latent activity, which could be increased when extracted with a number of detergents. 3. Three active fractions were resolved either by gel chromatography of solubilized membrane extracts or by standard polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The three proteinase activities (designated proteinases I, II and III) were purified from solubilized extracts of human erythrocyte membranes. 4. The relevant mol.wts. were around 80000, 40000 and 30000, respectively, and each of the three proteinases appeared to be composed of a single polypeptide chain. 5. Distinctive pH optima (in the range pH2.8-3.9) and different saturation profiles with globin as substrate were observed for proteinases I, II and III. 6. Dithioerythritol, Hg(2+) and Cu(2+) inhibited each of the three human enzymes, but more selective inhibitory effects were exerted by other modifiers of proteolytic enzymes and by haemin. Similar effects were observed with the three proteinases from rabbit cells. 7. The activity of the three human proteinases seems to be restricted to naturally occurring protein substrates, although with poor specificity, and none of them was active on synthetic substrates. 8. Digestion of globin by each of the three enzymes yielded similar polypeptide fragments in all cases, this indicating an endopeptidase type of activity. PMID- 42386 TI - Native cross-links in collagen fibrils induce resistance to human synovial collagenase. AB - A model system consisting of highly purified lysyl oxidase and reconstituted lathyritic chick bone collagen fibrils was used to study the effect of collagen cross-linking on collagen degradation by mammalian collagenase. The results indicate that synthesis of approx. 0.1 Schiff-base cross-link per collagen molecule results in a 2--3-fold resistance to human synovial collagenase when compared with un-cross-linked controls or samples incubated in the presence of beta-aminopropionitrile to inhibit cross-linking. These results confirm previous studies utilizing artificially cross-linked collagens, or collagens isolated as insoluble material after cross-linking in vivo, and suggest that increased resistance to collagenase may be one of the earliest effects of cross-linking in vivo. The extent of intermolecular cross-linking among collagen fibrils may provide a mechanism for regulating the rate of collagen catabolism relative to synthesis in normal and pathological conditions. PMID- 42387 TI - Reinvestigation of the reaction of chymotrypsin with N-furylacryloyltryptophan derivatives at acidic pH. AB - The reaction of alpha-chymotrypsin with N alpha-3-(2-furyl)acryloyl-L-tryptophan methyl ester (FA-Trp-OMe) and amide has been investigated in aqueous and dimethylsulphoxide cryosolvent solutions from pH2 to 7 and over a wide temperature range. Previous reports have suggested that an intermediate preceding the acyl-enzyme can be detected spectrophotometrically in the reaction with methyl esters of FA-Trp and FA-Tyr at low pH [Yu & Viswanatha (1969) Eur. J. Biochem. 11, 347--352), and that this intermediate is an oxazolinone [Coletti Previero et al. (1970) FEBS Lett. 11, 213--217]. We show that the previous interpretations of the time-dependent spectral changes were incorrect, and that the only detected intermediate is the acyl-enzyme. This may be isolated by gel filtration at pH less than 2.5, 1 degree C, owing to its relative stability. The pH-dependence of the rates of acylation and deacylation from pH 8.5 to 2.0 are consistent with a single ionization of pK congruent to 7.0 in both aqueous and cryosolvent solutions. PMID- 42388 TI - Dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis at low pH values and low temperatures. AB - A simple method is described for dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of pH- and temperature-labile biological intermediates. The method is based on a catalyst system that works at temperatures of 2--4 degrees C and pH values of 2--4 and an appropriate buffer system containing Li+ or Tris [CH2OH--C(CH2OH)2--NH3+] instead of Na+. This system does not lead to the precipitation of 1% dodecyl sulphate. PMID- 42389 TI - Stimulation of phosphatidylinositol turnover in various tissues by cholinergic and adrenergic agonists, by histamine and by caerulein. AB - Studies are reported of the biochemical and pharmacological characteristics of the stimulation of phosphatidylinositol metabolism that is produced in appropriate target tissues by stimulation of various receptors that use Ca(2+) as their second messenger. (1) Muscarinic cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic phosphatidylinositol responses were observed in rat lacrimal gland, and a response to caerulein was detected in the longitudinal smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum. (2) The muscarinic cholinergic phosphatidylinositol response of rat lacrimal gland, like that of several other tissues, is not dependent on the availability of extracellular Ca(2+). (3) Three phosphatidylinositol responses, namely to histamine in guinea-pig ileum smooth muscle, to alpha-adrenergic stimulation in rat vas deferens and to muscarinic cholinergic stimulation in rat lacrimal gland, were all found to involve phosphatidylinositol breakdown. (4) The stereospecificity of the muscarinic receptor responsible for the phosphatidylinositol response of guinea-pig pancreas was tested by using the two stereoisomeric forms of acetyl-beta-methylcholine; the S-isomer was very much more active than the R-isomer in provoking both phosphatidylinositol breakdown and its labelling with (32)P, as it is in provoking other physiological responses such as contractility or secretion. (5) Pilocarpine, a muscarinic partial agonist, provoked a significantly smaller phosphatidylinositol breakdown in rat parotid fragments than did carbamoylcholine, a potent muscarinic agonist. (6) All of these results are consistent with, but do not prove, a previously offered hypothesis that suggests that phosphatidylinositol breakdown is a reaction essential to stimulus-response coupling at a variety of cell-surface receptors that mobilize Ca(2+) from and through the plasma membranes of target tissues. PMID- 42390 TI - Quantitative analysis of proton-linked transport systems. The lactose permease of Escherichia coli. AB - Evidence is presented that lactose uptake into whole cells of Escherichia coli occurs by symport with a single proton over the range of external pH 6.5--7.7. The proton/lactose stoicheiometry has been measured directly over this pH range by comparison of the initial rates of proton and lactose uptake into anaerobic resting cell suspensions of E. coli ML308. Further, the relationship between the protonmotive force and lactose accumulation has been studied in E. coli ML308-225 over the range of external pH 5.9--8.7. At no point was the accumulation of the beta-galactoside in thermodynamic equilibrium with the protonmotive force. It is concluded that the concentration of lactose within the cell is governed by kinetic factors rather than pH-dependent changes in the proton/substrate stoicheiometry. The relevance of these findings to the model of pH-dependent proton/substrate stoicheiometries derived from studies with E. coli membrane vesicles is discussed. PMID- 42391 TI - Mechanism of the stimulation of serine and alanine transport into isolated rat liver cells by bicarbonate ions. AB - 1. Bicarbonate ions stimulate the transport of serine and alanine into isolated hepatocytes. 2. The effect of bicarbonate is to increase the Vmax. of the transport process without changing the apparent Km. 3. The intracellular pH was estimated from the distribution of the weak base methylamine and the weak acid 5,5'-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione (DMO) across the plasma membrane. 4. The addition of bicarbonate to a cell suspension caused the internal pH to become more acid. 5. The initial rate of serine, alanine and glycine transport was a linear function of the initial difference in pH across the membrane. 6. It is concluded that bicarbonate activates the transport of these amino acids primarily by increasing the pH difference across the plasma membrane. 7. It is suggested that the uptake of serine together with Na+ ions occurs in exchange for H+ ions, which are translocated outwards on the same carrier system. Some preliminary evidence consistent with this model is presented. PMID- 42392 TI - Biosynthesis of ethylene from methionine. Isolation of the putative intermediate 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate from culture fluids of bacteria and fungi. AB - Methods are described for identifying the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones of 4 methylthio-2-oxobutanoate by means of t.l.c., n.m.r. and mass spectroscopy. By using these methods 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate, a putative intermediate in the biosynthesis of ethylene from methionine, has been identified in culture fluids of Aeromonas hydrophila B12E and a coryneform bacterium D7F grown in the presence of methionine. Relative to 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate, the yield of 3 (methylthio)propanal (methional) from the same cultures was less than 1%. Because 4-[2H]methylthio-2-oxobutanoate was obtained from cultures grown on [Me 2H]methionine, the 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate must be derived from methionine. By means of t.l.c. alone, 4-methylthio-2-oxobutanoate was identified in the culture fluids of a range of bacteria, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fungus Penicillium digitatum. A photochemical assay developed for 4-methylthio-2 oxobutanoate shows it to be a product of the metabolism of methionine by Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Aeromonas, Rhizobium and Corynebacterium species. PMID- 42393 TI - A note on a novel fungal alkaline proteinase inhibitor from Aspergillus oryzae. PMID- 42394 TI - Association of glutathione synthetase deficiency and diminished amino acid transport in yeast. PMID- 42395 TI - Net ATP synthesis in H+ -atpase macroliposomes by an external electric field. PMID- 42396 TI - A non-alkalophilic mutant of Bacillus alcalophilus lacks the Na+/H+ antiporter. PMID- 42397 TI - Direct evidence that an arene oxide is a metabolic intermediate of 2,2',5,5' tetrachlorobiphenyl. PMID- 42398 TI - Conformations of angiotensin II and enkephalin related to N.M.R. PMID- 42399 TI - Dihydroorotase from Clostridium oroticum is an allosteric enzyme. PMID- 42400 TI - Active site structure of bacteriorhodopsin and mechanism of action. PMID- 42401 TI - Inhibition of specific opiate binding to synaptic membrane by cerebroside sulfatase. PMID- 42402 TI - Chromatographic and kinetic properties of acid- and pepsin-activated inactive renin from human amniotic fluid. PMID- 42403 TI - Binding of quinidine in serum and heart from normal and anuric rats, and the significance for distribution. PMID- 42404 TI - Adenylate and guanylate cyclases in the cerebellum. PMID- 42405 TI - Characterization of mitochondrial neutral protease activity and the response of lysosomal enzymes to clofibrate feeding in rat liver. PMID- 42406 TI - Enhancement effect of methylxanthines on the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbable dyes from the rat small intestine. PMID- 42407 TI - The effect of nitroheterocyclic drugs on DNA: an in vitro model of cytotoxicity. PMID- 42408 TI - Induction of tyrosine alpha-ketaglutarate transaminase by primycin in rat liver. PMID- 42409 TI - Does cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation account for the activation of tyrosine hydroxylase produced by depolarization of central dopaminergic neurons? PMID- 42410 TI - A controlled study of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The immunogenicity and potential for disease modification of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in systemic lupus erythematosus were evaluated in a controlled, double-blind study. Forty patients were randomly chosen to receive an intramuscular injection of either vaccine or placebo. Changes in mean antibody concentrations (nanograms antibody nitrogen per milliliter serum) to 12 type specific pneumococcal capsular antigens from prevaccination to one month after vaccination were 177 to 1045 in the vaccine (P less than 0.001) and 164 to 153 in the placebo-treated patients. In the month after vaccination, neither vaccine nor placebo-treated patients had a significant change in lupus disease activity as assessed by a composite clinical, laboratory, and serologic index. We conclude that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus can be successfully immunized with pneumococcal vaccine without detectable alterations of the underlying disease. PMID- 42411 TI - Takayasu's arteritis and Still's disease. PMID- 42412 TI - [The influence of benzoctamine on dopamine and norepinephrine contents in substantia nigra and on the muscle stretch reflex of the cat (author's transl)]. AB - The concentration of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are decreased to a maximum of 40% and 20%, respectively, in the substantia nigra of precollicular and prenigral decerebrated cats previously treated with benzoctamine (Tacitin) (0.7 mg/kg i.v.), while the tyrosine-hydroxylase and MAO activities remain unchanged. Muscle stretch reflexes recorded simultaneously showed a significant decrease of stretch tension which is evoked by a clear reduction of Ia discharges of the primary muscle spindle afferents. It would appear that benzoctamine suppresses reflexly evoked gamma-motoneurone discharges. PMID- 42413 TI - Pharmacological study of [2-chloro-11-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy) dibenzo[b,f]thiepine] (zotepine), a new neuroleptic drug. AB - 2-Chloro-11-(2-dimethyl-aminoethoxy)dibenzo [b,f]thiepine (zotepine) is a new neuroleptic drug with a chemical structure different from known neuroleptics. The psychopharmacological effects of zotepine in mice, rats and dogs were studied and compared with those of commercially available neuroleptics. Haloperidol and perphenazine were the most active and thioridazine was the least active in hibiting apomorphine-induced gnawing and circling movement, methamphetamine induced gnawing and circling movement, conditioned avoidance response, motor activity, dopamine-induced pancreatic secretion and apomorphine-induced vomiting. These drugs also had the same order of potency in inducing catalepsy and increasing dopamine turnover and prolactin release. Chlorpromazine, propericiazine and thiothixene were intermediate in potency. Zotepine equalled chlorpromazine in most activities, however, it was clearly less active than chlorpromazine in potentiation of barbiturate sleep and cardiovascular effect. PMID- 42414 TI - Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 2-chloro-11-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy) dibenzo[b,f]thiepine (zotepine) in rat, mouse, dog and man. AB - The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of 2-chloro-11-(2 dimethylaminoethoxy)dibenzo [b,f]thiepine (zotepine), a new neuroleptic agent, were investigated in rat, mouse, dog and man. Zotepine was absorbed rapidly and almost completely from the gastrointestinal tract in all species after oral dosing. The serum level of the unchanged drug in man was comparatively higher than in animals. The serum half-lives of zotepine after i.v. dosing were approximately 3.2 h in rats, 1.5 h in mice and 3.0 h in dogs. The drug and radioactive metabolites were rapidly distributed to the tissues of rats and mice, and the brain levels of the unchanged drug were about 20 to 30 times higher than the serum levels. Only small amounts of the unchanged drug were excreted in the urine in all species; faecal excretion through the bile was the main route of elimination of the drug and metabolites. Extensive biliary excretion and enterohepatic circulation of the radioactive compound were observed in rats. Zotepine was well metabolized in the body. Besides N-demethylation and oxygenation of the N and/or S atoms, hydroxylation of the aromatic ring and consecutive conjugation were important metabolic pathways of zotepine. PMID- 42415 TI - Toxicological and teratological studies of 2-chloro-11-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy) dibenzo[b,f]thiepine (zotepine), a new neuroleptic drug. AB - Toxicological and teratological studies of 2-chloro-11-(2 dimethylaminoethoxy)dibenzo[b,f]thiepine (zotepine) were performed in mice, rats, rabbits and dogs. There was no essential difference among mice, rats, rabbits and dogs in the acute toxicity of i.v. given zotepine. The rather small variation between intravenous and oral acute toxicity suggests the good absorption of zotepine from the gastrointestinal tract. In the subacute and chronic toxicity studies in rats, significant changes attributed to the drug were impairment of growth, alveolar proliferation in the mammary gland, decrease in uterine weight and increased number of diestrous rats. These changes were dose-dependent in the animals given 16 mg/kg or higher. Incidence of tumor in the treated groups in the 12-month study was almost the same as that in the control. In the subacute and chronic toxicity studies in dogs, abnormal quietness and abnormal gait occurred. Enlarged breasts and galactorrhea also occurred in females given 16 and 64 mg/kg in the 6-month study. Apart from these changes, one dog given 64 mg/kg had reversible hepatic dysfunction. In the teratological studies, zotepine had no adverse effects on pregnant animals and their fetuses in rats and rabbits, or reproductive performance of the F1 rats. PMID- 42416 TI - Dissolution, bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of three nitrofuratoin preparations in man. PMID- 42417 TI - Effects of nifedipine on coronary and systemic hemodynamics in the conscious dog. PMID- 42418 TI - Antihypertensive effect of intravenously and orally administered bunitrolol (Ko 1366). AB - 1. Hypotensive effect of O-[3-(tert, butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy]-benzonitrile hydrochloride (bunitrolol, Ko 1366) was examined by intravenous administration of 5 mg to 20 cases of essential hypertension and by longterm oral administration of 15-30 mg to 27 cases of essential hypertension. 2. It was found that bunitrolol given either i.v. or p.o., produced a significant decrease of systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure at rest. 3. Inhibitory effect of bunitrolol on exercise induced increase of blood pressure was remarkable, while there was little inhibitory effect on the cold pressor-induced one. 4. Bunitrolol decreased blood pressure and lowered plasma renin activity in high renin hypertensive patients, suggesting that the hypotensive mechanism based, at least in part, on its capacity of inhibiting renin secretion. 5. However, the main hypotensive mechanism of bunitrolol seemed, in the case of i.v. use, related to the cardiac inhibitory action. Regarding the hypotensive mechanism of this drug in the long term use, further investigation will be required. PMID- 42419 TI - Spectrum analysis of the EEG in schizophrenic patients. AB - A method is presented for the harmonic analysis of the human EEG. Its use for the study of schizophrenic patients under phenothiazine treatment is discussed and some examples are given. Correlations are observed with clinical evolution and plasma level of the drugs. PMID- 42420 TI - Pharmacokinetics of fazadinium in patients with renal failure. AB - The serum concentrations of fazadinium and its metabolites were measured in 14 surgical patients with end-stage renal failure and in 11 patients free from kidney disease undergoing abdominal surgery. A two-compartment open model was used in the pharmacokinetic analysis of the data. The elimination half-life (T 1/2 beta) was prolonged by 60% in patients with renal failure (from 85 to 140 min) and corresponded to a 30% decrease of the plasma clearance. The plasma concentration of the metabolites never exceeded 7% of the unchanged fazadinium. These results suggest that the duration of action will be less prolonged for fazadinium than for other non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs in patients with renal failure. A supplementary biliary pathway appears to be a possible explanation for the rapid elimination of fazadinium, even in patients with renal failure. PMID- 42421 TI - Cimetidine in the prevention of the pulmonary acid aspiration (Mendelson's) syndrome. AB - Cimetidine 200 mg was given i.v. 1 h before induction of anaesthesia to 20 patients about to undergo emergency surgery. There was an increase in pH of gastric aspirate in all patients (P less than 0.001) and in 80% pH was greater than 2.5 units at the time of induction of anaesthesia. The pH of gastric aspirate continued to increase after induction of anaesthesia and was greater than 4 units in all patients at the time of tracheal extubation and in the early recovery period. PMID- 42422 TI - A study of the plasma concentrations of lorazepam in mother and neonate. AB - A standard dose of lorazepam 2.5 mg was given i.v. to two groups of mothers: (a) before surgical induction of labour and (b) at the beginning of the second stage of labour. A group of non-pregnant women was studied as control. Plasma concentrations of lorazepam were measured by gas-liquid chromatography, in the mothers before delivery, and in the mother and neonate at delivery and 24 and 48 h thereafter. Concentrations at delivery in the neonates were similar to those in the mothers in group (a), but significantly less in group (b). Fetal concentration rarely exceeded that in the mother. Measurements after delivery indicated that the neonates were able to metabolize lorazepam at the same rate as the mothers. Of the 22 neonates studied only one had an Apgar score of less than 8 at 5 min and this score was 10 at 10 min. PMID- 42423 TI - Proceedings of the Anaesthetic Research Society Glasgow meeting July 7, 1979. PMID- 42424 TI - Depression of transmitter release and postjunctional sensitivity during neuromuscular block produced by antibiotics. PMID- 42425 TI - Awareness during surgery--a new approach. AB - With modern light anaesthesia the problem of awareness during surgery has defied analysis, because no physical sign reliably signals the conscious level. A test has been developed which entails direct communication with the patient at the end of surgery, noting the earliest moment after withdrawal of nitrous oxide at which he makes the appropriate response to a verbal request, the "time to correct response" (TCR). This test showed premedication with lorazepam 4 mg/70 kg to be significantly better than morphine 10 mg for ensuring unconsciousness when the main anaesthetic agent was nitrous oxide, in two groups of patients undergoing abdominal surgery (P less than 0.01). All patients who had lorazepam were able, on request, to hold up the head a few minutes after surgery. Thus the benefits of light anaesthesia were retained whilst ensuring unconsciousness. PMID- 42426 TI - Maternal blood-gas tensions (PAO2-PaO2), physiological shunt and Vd/Vt during general anaesthesia for Caesarean section. AB - Measurements of maternal blood-gas tensions, (PAO2-PaO2), calculated pulmonary venous admixture (physiological shunt) and deadspace/tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) were made in 14 patients undergoing Caesarean section. Measurements were carried out after induction of general anaesthesia, and before delivery, with the patient tilted to the left. With a mean inspired oxygen concentration of 67.5% mean PaO2 was 44.3 kPa, mean (PAO2-PaO2) 18.4 kPa, mean Vd/Vt 32% and mean physiological shunt 9.5%. The findings are compared with published values for non-anesthetized pregnant patients. PMID- 42427 TI - The effect of enzyme induction on diazepam metabolism in man. AB - 1 The elimination and metabolism of diazepam in man was investigated following the induction of the liver microsomal enzyme system by antipyrine. 2 Seven healthy volunteers were given 1200 mg antipyrine as an inducing agent for a period of 14 days. Before and after the induction period the elimination of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam was measured in the plasma by gaschromatography. As parameters of liver microsomal enzyme activity, antipyrine elimination and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase in the plasma, D-glucaric acid and 6-beta hydroxycortisol urinary excretion were measured on both occasions. 3 Following the induction period most parameters of microsomal enzyme activity measured were significantly changed indicating an increase of the microsomal enzyme system. The elimination of diazepam was significantly altered having a half-life of 37 h before and 18 h afterwards combined with a significant increase in total body clearance after the induction period, although the volume of distribution remained unaltered. The formation of the main metabolite N-desmethyldiazepam was not changed, but its elimination was increased having a half-life of 139 or 58 h respectively. 4 The elimination of unchanged diazepam and desmethyldiazepam is significantly increased by the induction of the liver microsomal enzyme system using antipyrine as an inducing agent in healthy volunteers, which might be important under certain clinical conditions. PMID- 42428 TI - Reactivity of the beta subunit of Escherichia coli adenosine triphosphatase with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan. PMID- 42429 TI - Resonance Raman studies and structure of a sulfide complex of methemerythrin. AB - The complex of sulfide and methemerythrin has been characterized by resonance Raman spectroscopy. At pH 8.0 the complex contains two irons and one S2- at the active site. The resonance Raman spectrum of the sulfidomethemerythrin complex contains only one vibration, at 444 cm-1. This vibration is assigned to an iron sulfide stretch. The possibility that sulfidomethemerythrin contains a mu-sulfido bridge. FeIII-S2-FeIII, analogous to the proposed mu-oxo bridge in azidomethemerythrin is discussed. PMID- 42430 TI - Reversible reductive alkylation of amino groups in proteins. PMID- 42431 TI - Interaction of calf brain tubulin with poly(ethylene glycols). PMID- 42432 TI - 5,10-Methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate. Conformation of the tetrahydropyrazine and imidazolidine rings. PMID- 42433 TI - Variable proton conductance of submitochondrial particles. AB - The relationship between the rate of substrate oxidation and the protonmotive force (electrochemical proton gradient) generated by bovine heart submitochondrial particles has been examined. Unexpectedly, oxidation of succinate generated a higher protonmotive force than the oxidation of NADH, although the rate of proton translocation across the membrane was inferred to be considerably lower with succinate as substrate. The data suggest that the flow of electrons through site 1 of the respiratory chain may increase the conductance of the mitochondrial membrane for protons. Upon reduction of the rate of succinate oxidation by titration with malonate, the protonmotive force remained essentially constant until the extent of inhibition was greater than 75%. The general conclusion from this work is that a constant passive membrane conductance for protons cannot be assumed. PMID- 42434 TI - On the mechanism of isotope exchange kinetics of single protons in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. PMID- 42435 TI - Multiple linkage in Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin. PMID- 42436 TI - Protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase: implications of ionization effects on binding and dissociation of halohydroxybenzoates and on catalytic turnover. PMID- 42437 TI - Kinetics of Ca2+ carrier in rat liver mitochondria. AB - The rate of aerobic Ca2+ transport is limited by the rate of the H+ pump rather than by the Ca2+ carrier. The kinetics of the Ca2+ carrier has therefore been studied by using the K+ diffusion potential as the driving force. The apparent Vmax of the Ca2+ carrier is, at 20 degrees C, about 900 nmol (mg of protein)-1 min-1, more than twice the rate of the H+ pump. The apparent Vmax is depressed by Mg2+ and Li+. This supports the view that the electrolytes act as noncompetitive inhibitors of the Ca2+ carrier. The degree of sigmoidicity of the kinetics of Ca2+ transport increases with the lowering of the temperature and proportionally with the concentration of impermeant electrolytes such as Mg2+ and Li+ but not choline. The effects of temperature and of electrolyte do not support the view that the sigmoidicity is due to modifications of the surface potential. Rather, they suggest that Ca2+ transport occurs through a multisubunit carrier, where cooperative phenomena are the result of ligand-induced conformational changes due to the interaction of several allosteric effectors with the carrier subunits. In contrast with La3+ which acts as a competitive inhibitor, Ruthenium Red affects the kinetics by inducing phenomena both of positive and of negative cooperativity. The Ruthenium Red induced kinetics has been reproduced through curve-fitting procedures by applying the Koshland sequential interaction hypothesis to a four-subunit Ca2+ carrier model. PMID- 42438 TI - The role of Na+ in transport processes of bacterial membranes. PMID- 42439 TI - Acid acylhydrolase deficiency in I-cell disease and pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy. PMID- 42440 TI - Activation of human brain galactosylceramidase by phosphatidylserine. AB - Assays of sphingolipid hydrolases in vitro generally require bile salts or other detergents. A few 'activator proteins' have been reported that can partially replace the detergents in the assay mixture. We report here that phosphatidylserine from bovine brain is a relatively specific activator of human brain galactosylceramidase in the absence of sodium taurocholate (phosphatidylserine system). Activity similar to that obtained with the conventional assay system containing taurocholate and oleic acid (taurocholate system) could be obtained. Other lipids tested generally gave less than 10% of the taurocholate system activity, but sulfatide could activate human brain galactosylceramidase to 20--30% of the taurocholate system. The properties of the reaction in the phosphatidylserine system were examined with human brain whole homogenate, crude soluble post-concanavalin A preparations, and partially purified preparations as the enzyme source and compared with those obtained with the taurocholate system. The pH optimum shifted from 4.2 in the taurocholate system to 4.7 in the phosphatidylserine system. The phosphatidylserine system was superior in the linearity of the reaction with respect to the enzyme protein. Reasonably linear Lineweaver-Burk plots could be obtained. The Km values for the phosphatidylserine system were greater than those for the taurocholate system. The effect of phosphatidylserine was not additive to that of taurocholate. Additional phosphatidylserine to the taurocholate system was either without effect at lower concentrations or inhibitory at higher concentrations. The assays of galactosylceramidase with phosphatidylserine and without taurocholate do not necessarily provide pragmatic advantages but offer a potentially useful system with which to study the mechanism of in vivo degradation of the membrane-bound glycosphingolipid. PMID- 42441 TI - Modulation of purified phospholipase A2 activity from human platelets by calcium and indomethacin. AB - A membrane bound phospholipase A2 (phosphatide 2-acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4) from human platelets has been purified 3500-fold, and partially characterized. Phospholipase A2 activity was assayed using [1(-14)C] oleate-labeled Escherichia coli or sonicated dispersions of synthetic phospholipids. The 2-acyl specificity of the phospholipase activity was confirmed using phosphatidylethanolamine labeled in the C-1 position as substrate. The purified enzyme was maximally active between pH 8.0 and 10.5, and had an absolute requirement for low concentrations of Ca2+. Indomethacin, but not aspirin, inhibited phospholipase A2 activity. PMID- 42442 TI - Studies on the subunits of Escherichia coli coenzyme A transferase. Reconstitution of an active enzyme. AB - The alpha and beta subunits of the acetyl-CoA:acetoacetate-CoA transferase were purified by isoelectric focusing of the enzyme in the presence of 6 M urea. The purified beta subunit, in which the active center of the enzyme is located, exhibits low catalytic activity (2% of the specific activity of the native enzyme) which is stimulated 5-6-fold in the presence of an equimolar concentration of alpha subunit. The presence of the substrate,acetoacetyl-CoA, is required to recover the catalytic activity of the beta subunit and mixtures containing purified alpha and beta subunits. When the enzyme is dissociation in the presence of 6 M urea and the subunits are not fractioned, removal of the urea by dialysis results in the recovery of 88-98% of enzymic activity and the native alpha2beta2 subunit structure. However, analysis of this renatured enzyme by immunochemical techniques shows that the enzyme does not refold to a completely native conformation. This renatured enzyme exhibits an immunological reactivity more closely resembling the isolated alpha subunit. The results indicate that the alpha subunit serves as a structural subunit, or possible a maturation subunit, imposing a conformation on the beta subunit that is catalytically more competent. PMID- 42443 TI - Studies on the mechanism of iron release from transferrin. AB - Iron release from human, rabbit, rat and sheep transferrin, chicken conalbumin and human lactoferrin was measured by the change in absorbance of solutions of the iron-protein complexes or by the release of 59Fe from the protein conjugated to agarose. Several phosphatic compounds and iron chelators were able to mediate the process (ATP, GTP, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate, inositol hexaphosphate, pyridoxal 5-phosphate, cytidine 5-triphosphate, pyrophosphate, inorganic phosphate, citrate, EDTA, oxalate, nitrilotriacetate). The greatest rate of iron release was found with pyrophosphate and the least with inorganic phosphate. Different rates of iron release were obtained with the different proteins, greatest with human transferrin and least with lactoferrin. With each of the proteins and the mediators there was a linera relationship between the H+ concentration and the rate of iron release. At any given pH the rate of iron release increased to a maximal rate as the mediator concentration was raised. It is concluded that iron release from transferrin under the conditions of these experiments involves an initial interaction between H+ and the iron-transferrin complex followed by release of the iron under the action of the mediator. PMID- 42444 TI - Stability of phage T4 lysozymes. II. Unfolding with guanidinium chloride. AB - The denaturation by guanidinium chloride of three phage lysozymes (wild type and two mutants) was investigated. The study of solvent denaturation permitted the investigation of the relative stabilities of the proteins at neutral pH, in contrast to thermal denaturation studies reported earlier which could only be performed in acid pH. The results were interpreted assuming that the free energy of solution of proteins is a linear function of denaturant concentration. Using standard thermodynamic formulas this permits the calculation of the stabilities of the three proteins in the absence of guanidinium chloride. The single point mutation Trp 138 leads to Tyr leads to relatively large changes in stability and the interaction of the protein with guanidinium chloride. The changes associated with the subsequent double mutation, Trp 126 leads to Tyr, Trp 158 leads to Tyr, are much smaller indicating a relatively smooth adjustment of the protein structure to the changed side chains. Models of the structural effects of point mutations are discussed. It is found that the mutation at position 138 does not fit a model in which the effect of a substitution is to introduce an energetic strain in the structure. It does fit a model in which there is a partial unravelling of the structure as a result of the mutation. However, there are no changes in the backbone circular dichroism spectra associated with the mutation. The two observations are not necessarily in conflict. Further physical studies are required for the resolution of the problem. PMID- 42445 TI - Modification of hemoglobin A with dimethyl adipimidate. Contribution of individual reacted subunits to changes in oxygen affinity. AB - The effect of dimethyl adipimidate, a bifunctional imidoester, on the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin A has been studied. Treatment of human oxyhemoglobin with 5 mM dimethyl adipimidate at pH 8.5, room temperature is accompanied by an increase in oxygen affinity in the presence and absence of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid. Circular dichroism measurements in the ultraviolet region indicate that dimethyl adipimidate-treated hemoglobin exhibits a reduced conformational change upon deoxygenation. In order to study the contribution of reacted individual subunits, alpha and beta subunits of dimethyl adipimidate-treated and untreated hemoglobin have been separated and reconstituted to form hybrid tetramers containing either the alpha-treated (alpha t beta c) or the beta-treated subunits (alpha c beta t). Electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels of isolated alpha and beta globin subunits as well as hybrid tetramers from dimethyl adipimidate-treated hemoglobin reveals that 20% of the globin subunits are cross-linked. In the absence of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid, modification of alpha subunits increases the oxygen affinity and reduces the conformational change of the tetramer upon deoxygenation whereas modification of beta subunits has no effect. However, treatment of beta subunits decreases the effect of 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid on the oxygen affinity of the hybrids and reduces the 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid-induced spectral changes in oxyhemoglobin. Therefore the interaction of dimethyl adipimidate with both the alpha and beta subunits contributes to regulating the oxygen affinity of human hemoglobin. PMID- 42446 TI - The formation and thermal stability of in vitro assembled fibrils from acid soluble and pepsin-treated collagens. AB - The role of the non-helical regions of the collagen molecule in fibrillogenesis has been investigated by comparing the kinetics of fibril formation of pepsin treated acid-soluble collagen, acid-soluble collagen and mixtures of the two and by comparison of the thermal stabilities of the fibrils formed. The acid-soluble collagen was found to aggregate more rapidly than the pepsin-treated collagen under physiological conditions of pH and ionic strength. Variations in ionic strength, at physiological pH, were found to have differing effects on the aggregation of these two forms of soluble collagen. Fibrils formed from the pepsinized-collagen had a lower thermal stability tha n those formed from the intact collagen. The behavior observed with mixtures of acid-soluble and pepsin treated collagens was found to be quantitatively consistent with the pepsinized collagen being able to utilize the nuclei formed by the acid-soluble collagen for subsequent growth. However, the use of the acid-soluble nuclei by the pepsinized collagen for growth did not enhance its rate of precipitation during the growth phase, nor did it enhance the thermal stability of the fibrils formed from the pepsinized collagen. PMID- 42447 TI - Influence of steric factors on oxygen binding. I. Studies on 2,4 diisopropyldeuteroheme-myoglobin. AB - Sperm whale apomyoglobin was recombined with 2,4-diisopropyldeuterohemin to form 2,4-diisopropyldeuteroheme-myoglobin and its various physico-chemical properties were investigated to get an insight into the structural and functional role of the peripheral vinyl groups. 2,4-Diisopropyldeuteroheme-myoglobin showed a four times lower oxygen affinity at 25 degrees C and larger enthalpy and entropy changes of oxygenation than the corresponding values of native myoglobin. 2,4 Diisopropyldeuteroheme-metmyoglobin shows a pKa value of 9.68 which is higher than those of native metmyoglobin and mesoheme-metmyoglobin. The rate of autooxidation of oxy-form was about seven times larger in 2,4 diisopropyldeuteroheme-myoglobin than in native myoglobin. The electron-donating effect of isopropyl groups does not give straightforward explanation for these anomalous properties of 2,4-diisopropyldeuteroheme-myoglobin. It is proposed that site and stereospecific van der Waals' interaction between the polypeptide side chains and the peripheral 2,4-diisopropyl groups may weaken the interaction between the bound oxygen molecule and the distal His, resulting in the decrease in the stability of oxyform. PMID- 42448 TI - [Bile secreting function of the liver during adaptive responses of the body to muscular work]. PMID- 42449 TI - Hydrolysis of organophosphate insecticides by an immobilized-enzyme system. AB - An enzyme preparation that could detoxify parathion and eight other organophosphate pesticides was covalently bound to either porous glass or porous silica beads. This immobilized-enzyme system was examined for its use in detoxification of pesticides in production wastewaters. The kinetics of parathion hydrolysis were examined at flow rates up to 96 liter/hr and at influent substrate concentrations ranging from 10--250 mg/liter. The enzyme reactor was able to hydrolyze 95% or more of the parathion added to industrial wastewaters generated during its production, thus reducing the effluent parathion concentration to below 500 ppb. Laboratory continuous-flow experiments were conducted for 70 days with industrial wastewater and indicated no loss in immobilized-enzyme activity. The influence of pH, temperature, solvents, and detergents on enzyme stability and activity and enzyme reactor kinetics will be discussed. PMID- 42450 TI - Action of shear on enzymes: studies with alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) solutions (approximately 1 mg/ml, pH 7) were sheared in a coaxial cylindrical viscometer. This was fitted with a lid sealing the contents from the atmosphere and preventing evaporation. At 30 degrees C after a total of 5 hr intermittent shearing at 683 sec-1 no losses of activity were observed. No losses were found after 5 hr continuous shearing and in a no shear control. At 40 degrees C and 683 sec-1 there were only small activity losses in 5 hr. Shearing at 3440 sec-1 no measurable losses of activity were found with a 1.03 mg/ml solution in 5 hr at 30 degrees C, a 1.03 mg/ml solution in 8 hr at 5 degrees C, and with a 3.89 mg/ml solution in 3 hr at 5 degrees C. In all these cases, however, a white precipitate formed that was not observed in zero shear control experiments. The sheared 3.89 mg/ml solution was clarified by centrifugation. It was shown that there were no ADH aggregates in the supernatant and that the precipitate was less than 2% of the original protein. At 30 degrees C under adverse pH conditions (pH 8.8) there was no significant difference in activity losses of an approximately 1 mg/ml solution sheared at 65 and 744 sec-1. An approximately 0.5 mg/ml ADH solution, pH 7, was agitated in a small reactor with no free air-liquid interface. Peak shear rates near the impeller were estimated to be about 9000 sec-1. Only a small decrease in specific activity was observed until over 15 hr total running at 5 degrees C. PMID- 42451 TI - Hydrolysis of urea by gelatin-immobilized urease: separation of kinetic and diffusion phenomena in a model immobilized-enzyme reactor system. AB - Experiments and appropriate mathematical models are presented in an attempt to elucidate and separate the effects of mass transfer and immobilization on the apparent kinetics of hydrolysis of urea by urease immobilized within a crosslinked gelatin film. Diffusion of urea through the gelatin matrix appears to exert the major influence on the observed kinetics. Diffusion coefficients are measured, and a model for the "effectiveness factor" is presented, accounting for this aspect of mass transfer control. A secondary, but significant, influence on apparent kinetics arises because the reaction products lead to an increased pH level which, because of diffusion resistance, remains high within the gelatin matrix. For pH levels in the 6.7 to 9.0 range the activity of urease is a strongly decreasing function of pH. An approximate model accounting for ionic equilibrium allows this pH-diffusion effect to be introduced in such a way as to lead to predictions of the apparent kinetics that are compared with experimental observations. Examination of these results indicates that the immobilization procedure leads to some loss of activity due to an interaction of the gelatin crosslinking reaction with the enzyme itself. PMID- 42452 TI - Developmental aspects of craniofacial dysmorphology. Proceedings of a symposium held June 1978 in San Francisco, California, and sponsored by the Society of Craniofacial Genetics and The National Foundation--March of Dimes. PMID- 42453 TI - [Characteristics of the lymphoid tissue reaction in compensatory reparative growth of the salivary glands in mice]. AB - The capacity of the spleen cells of CBA mice to antibody formation as well as to the "graft-versus-host" (GVH) reaction and the change in the stem cell number determined by the spleen colony method were studied after unilateral removal or burn of the submandibular salivary gland and amputation of lower incisors. It is shown that any of these experimental changes in the salivary gland state causes an increase in the stem cell migration and makes lymphocytes more active in inducing the GVH reaction. The ability of spleen lymphocytes to react on additional antigen stimuli increases after amputation of lower incisors, accompanied by an enlargement of salivary glands, and sharply decreases after the removal or burn of the submandibular salivary gland, not causing hypertrophy of salivary glands. PMID- 42454 TI - [Effect of palmitoyl-CoA binding with adenine nucleotide translocase on energization of mitochondria]. AB - Under conditions of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation of oligomycin palmitoyl CoA (p-CoA) decreases the rate of energy dependent reduction of acetoacetate and Ca2+-capacity of mitochondria in a phosphate medium. Energy independent osmotic swelling of mitochondria in NH4NO3, which depends on H+ permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane is inhibited by ADP and acclereated by p-CoA. Carnitin and competitive ADP abolish all the effects of p-CoA. It is concluded that decreased energization induced by p-CoA is related to an increase in the inner mitochondrial membrane permeability b- H+ as a result of the inhibitor bindings with adenine nucleotide translocase. PMID- 42455 TI - Sewage sludge as conditioner for improving soils affected by sulfur dioxide. PMID- 42456 TI - Transfer of 14C-toluene from mosquito larvae to bluegill sunfish. PMID- 42457 TI - Non-enzymatic reduction of organomercurial salts in biological systems. PMID- 42458 TI - Presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor blocking properties among tri- and tetra-cyclic antidepressant drugs. AB - 1 The effect of various antidepressants (5 x 10(-8) to 2 x 10(-5) M) on the resting overflow of tritium, on the evoked overflow and the contractile response to electrical stimulation (2.5 Hz, 2.0 ms) has been determined in mouse vas deferens previously incubated with [(3)H]-(-)-noradrenaline.2 Mianserin and ORG GC 94 produced a concentration-dependent increase of more than two fold in the electrically evoked overflow and the contractile response and, at the highest concentration, slightly increased resting release. These effects were largely unchanged in the presence of a concentration of cocaine effective in blocking noradrenaline uptake (1.1 x 10(-5) M).3 The ability of phentolamine (1 x 10(-5) M) to increase both the evoked overflow of tritium and the contractile response was greatly reduced when these parameters were already elevated by the presence of mianserin or ORG GC 94.4 The inhibitory effect of exogenous (-)-noradrenaline on evoked overflow was greatly reduced in the presence of mianserin or ORG GC 94 (4 x 10(-6) M).5 The inhibitory effect of clonidine on the twitch response of the mouse vas deferens was antagonized by mianserin and ORG GC 94 in a competitive manner (pA(2) values 7.3 and 7.1 respectively).6 Maprotiline, desipramine and nortriptyline (> 3 x 10(-6) M) produced a parallel fall in both evoked tritium overflow and in the contractile response and increased the resting overflow at higher concentrations. These effects were largely unchanged in the presence of cocaine (1.1 x 10(-5) M).7 Doxepin, imipramine and iprindole all increased resting overflow at high concentrations (2 x 10(-5) M) but produced only small changes in evoked overflow and in the contractile response at lower concentrations.8 It is concluded that mianserin and ORG GC 94 produce a blockade of presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors which could contribute to an antidepressant effect but that this type of action is not common to all antidepressants. PMID- 42459 TI - Amino acids as neurotransmitters of corticofugal neurones in the rat: a comparison of glutamate and aspartate. AB - 1 The relative sensitivities to aspartate and glutamate of neurones receiving a corticofugal innervation were examined by microiontophoresis, and compared with the relative sensitivities of neurones not appearing to receive such an input.2 On all the cells tested, glutamate appeared to be a more potent excitant than aspartate in terms of neuronal response size or effective dose.3 DL-alpha Aminoadipate (alphaAA) reduced the excitatory amino acid responses on all the neurones tested. On many of these cells a control excitation could be produced, by acetylcholine or hydrogen ions, which was in most cases unaffected by doses of alphaAA producing antagonism of amino acid excitation.4 On 70% of the cells, aminoadipate showed no selectivity for aspartate compared with glutamate but a differential action, involving blockade of aspartate but not glutamate, was apparent on the other 30%.5 Doses of alphaAA which selectively reduced responses to aspartate had no effect on short latency evoked spikes, but doses which also reduced responses to glutamate reduced the short-latency synaptic excitation induced by electrical stimulation of either the surface of the cerebral cortex, or of the pyramidal tracts in the medulla.6 These findings suggest that corticofugal neurones having an excitatory action on cells in various parts of the brain may use an amino acid, probably glutamate, as a common neurotransmitter.7 As no significant difference could be demonstrated in the potency ratios of glutamate:aspartate on monosynaptically activated cells compared with other cells, doubt is cast on the validity of drawing conclusions about transmitter identity from potency ratios alone, without the support of antagonist studies. PMID- 42460 TI - Selective antagonism by benzodiazepines of neuronal responses to excitatory amino acids in the cerebral cortex. AB - 1 The recently discovered benzodiazepine receptor exists in high concentration in the cerebral cortex. We have, therefore, examined the effects of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide on cortical neurone responses to excitatory and inhibitory amino acids and acetylcholine, in the cortex of rats anaesthetized with urethane.2 Chlordiazepoxide applied by microiontophoresis reduced the responses to glutamate and aspartate but acetylcholine responses were unaffected on most cells even by much higher doses of benzodiazepine. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and taurine responses were unaffected on most cells, but were reduced on 4 of 25 units. After intravenous diazepam, responses to GABA and taurine were reduced on 3 cells and unchanged on 11.3 On Purkinje cells in the cerebellum a number of cells (5 of 16) exhibited a substantial increase in responses to GABA and taurine following intravenous or iontophoretic application of benzodiazepines.4 It is suggested that the highly selective reduction of excitatory amino acid responses in the cerebral cortex may be of particular relevance to the behavioural effects of benzodiazepines. PMID- 42461 TI - A pharmacological analysis of the contractile action of histamine upon the ileal region of the isolated, blood-perfused small intestine of the rat. AB - 1. The mode of action of histamine was investigated on the rat isolated small intestine perfused at a fixed flow rate through the superior mesenteric artery with blood from the carotid artery of a heparinized donor rat. Compounds were closely injected into the superior mesenteric artery. 2. Increasing doses (1 to 100 micrograms) of histamine caused a monophasic fast contraction of the ileum. 3. The fast contraction was abolished by tetrodotoxin, hexamethonium, morphine or mepyramine, but was not prevented by atropine. 4. The present study indicates that histamine produces the fast contraction of the ileum by primarily acting on the myenteric nerve plexus involving cholinergic interneurones. PMID- 42462 TI - Activity, depression, medication and performance on the Revised Kendrick Battery. AB - A theory for the cognitive assessment of the elderly has been previously reported (Kendrick, 1972), in which it was predicted that normal and depressed subjects would not differ on cognitive tests unless 'pseudodementia' was indicated. Recent studies involving the Revised Kendrick Battery have led to a modification of the theory. The theory now has to take into account the effects of activity and medication, the former enhancing performance, the latter decreasing it. The previous studies (Kendrick & Post, 1967; Kendrick, 1972), have been re-examined and explanations given for the differences found between studies. PMID- 42463 TI - Abstracts of the Proceedings of the Urological Society of Australia 32nd Annual General Meeting, Melbourne, Australia, 1979. PMID- 42464 TI - Bed bugs, insects, and hepatitis B. PMID- 42465 TI - Effect of beta-blockers on arrhythmias. PMID- 42466 TI - Dangerous antihypertensive treatment. PMID- 42467 TI - Effect of beta-blockers on arrhythmias. PMID- 42468 TI - Disinfection with glutaraldehyde. PMID- 42469 TI - Ethics of drug promotion. PMID- 42470 TI - Angina: the treatment revolution. PMID- 42471 TI - Adverse reactions to drugs in general practice. AB - Of 817 patients in a general-practice survey of adverse reactions to drugs, 41% were thought to have "certainly" or "probably" had a reaction to the drug prescribed. Adverse effects on the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems were the most frequently reported, and 90% of reactions had occurred by the fourth day of treatment. More patients given drugs acting on the central nervous system and antihistamines reported reactions than those in other categories. A higher incidence of adverse drug effects is shown in this general-practice survey than in other, mainly hospital-based, surveys. Further intensive surveillance for adverse effects of drugs is recommended to provide additional information on the burden of drug-induced disease in the community. PMID- 42472 TI - For debate: Do retrospective controls make clinical trials "inherently fallacious?". PMID- 42473 TI - Tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 42474 TI - BMA at Hong Kong. PMID- 42475 TI - [Immunologic methods in the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary diseases. Reports from the 27th Congress of the International Association of Broncho-Pneumology of Toulouse (4, 5 and 6 May 1978)]. PMID- 42476 TI - Effect of ergocristine on prolactin secretion in the male rat with pituitaries grafted beneath the kidney capsule. AB - Male rats in which three pituitaries were grafted beneath the kidney capsule showed approximately a fourfold increase in circulating plasma prolactin concentration. The elevated plasma prolactin concentration did not remain at a constant level but fluctuated with time. The elevated prolactin concentration declined immediately after a single bolus injection of ergocristine (30 micrograms/kg). The slope of the prolactin decay curve, determined by sequential blood sampling, was parallel to a theoretical slope having a 7-min half-life. This result indicates that ergocristine blocked prolactin secretion immediately and completely as the decay curve (T 1/2 = 6.5 min, confidence interval 4.5- 11.3) resulting from the administration of ergocristine is the same as the endogenous prolactin decay curve (T 1/2 = 7 min). PMID- 42477 TI - Effects of microiontophoretically applied flurazepam on responses of cerebral cortical neurones to putative neurotransmitters. AB - Utilizing standard microiontophoretic techniques and recording extracellularly in cats, we studied the effects of flurazepam, a water-soluble benzodiazepine, on the spike activity of single cerebral neurones and its interactions with several excitatory and inhibitory putative neurotransmitters. Large iontophoretic doses (5--30 nA, 0.1 M solution) of flurazepam induced a depression of spike amplitude. Smaller doses (less than 5 nA, 0.1 M solution or 20--50 nA, 20 mM in 0.16 M NaCl) reduced the excitation produced by glutamate, aspartate, and homocysteate, but antagonism of acetylcholine-evoked excitations required large flurazepam doses (up to 30 nA, 0.1 M solution). Even lower doses of flurazepam (less than 10 nA, 20 mM in 0.16 M NaCl) enhanced the inhibitory effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) but antagonized that of 5-hydroxytryptamine, and had no effect on dopamine induced inhibition of firing. Hence, only GABA-evoked inhibitions were significantly potentiated by flurazepam. These results demonstrate the multiple possible interactions between a benzodiazepine and different putative neurotransmitters in the mammalian cerebral cortex. PMID- 42478 TI - Digoxin dosage in patients with gastric hyperacidity. PMID- 42479 TI - Use of drugs with dependence liability. AB - The term addictive as used by the popular press frequently confuses the more precise concepts of acute and chronic tolerance, physical dependence and withdrawal, and psychologic dependence. Serious physical dependence on psychoactive drugs is rare and is easily managed. In contrast, psychologic dependence, the most important reason for persistent drug use, is much more common and is difficult to treat. Some tactics are available - for example, confrontation and discussion with the patient about how a drug is not going to be effective over long periods. Treating the symptom of a complex problem should, of course, not be expected to solve the problem. The most important tactic is to prescribe dependence-associated drugs only when clearly indicated, when the problem is responsive to drug therapy and for the shortest period necessary, without the option for renewing the prescription. Many problems related to drug use long after the period of expected benefit is past can be avoided by far more restrictive drug prescribing. Barbiturates and nonbarbiturate sedative hypnotics (e.g., ethchlorvynol, glutethimide, meprobamate, methaqualone and methyprylon) should not be prescribed for insomnia, acute reactive anxiety, chronic anxiety neurosis or depressive illnesses, since the safer and equally effective benzodiazepines, which are less associated with dependence, are available. PMID- 42480 TI - Neurological soft signs and psychopathology: incidence in diagnostic groups. AB - In earlier studies the authors have reported impairments of cortical function in the parietal and frontal lobes of schizophrenic patients. In this study these results are pursued. The performance of different groups of psychiatric patients with respect to individual neurological soft signs rather than combined cortical function scores, was studied. The potential influence of psychotropic drugs on the significant findings was also analyzed. The results show that specific individual neurologic soft signs are significantly more frequently present in schizophrenics than in either controls or in other psychiatric groups. Additionally, there was no statistical evidence of psychotropic drug effects on the findings. PMID- 42481 TI - The synthesis of part of the repeating unit of a pneumococcal polysaccharide. PMID- 42482 TI - Sandoz Symposium on the occasion of the 8th World Congress of Cardiology, Tokyo, September 17-23, 1978. Pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacology of beta blockers in hypertension. PMID- 42483 TI - Beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agents: pharmacokinetic differences and their clinical implications illustrated on pindolol. PMID- 42484 TI - Relative importance of cardioselectivity and partial agonism in the treatment of hypertension in the patient with air-flow obstruction. PMID- 42485 TI - Plasma concentration and antihypertensive effect of beta-receptor blockers. PMID- 42486 TI - Beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs at maximum beta-blockade in relation to dose and plasma concentration. PMID- 42487 TI - Pharmacokinetic differences between single and multiple oral dosing with the guidance for beta-adrenoceptor blockade assessment. AB - The disposition profiles of a new beta-adrenergic-blocking drug, timolol, were investigated in healthy subjects after single oral doses, and in patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension given multiple doses. The t1/2 of timolol were different between the two groups, possibly due to the decreased plasma clearance after multiple administration. The dosage regimen calculations for patients indicated to receive the treatment for certain chronic diseases, should be determined by utilizing the disposition data obtained in steady-state conditions. The absolute reduction of exercise heart rate gave the best coefficient as a beta-blockade assessment. Applying a theory for translating the pharmacokinetics to the duration-action course of drug, pharmacokinetic t1/2 was proven to be much shorter than pharmacological t1/2. Timolol given on a twice daily schedule has shown both antihypertensive effectiveness and plasma-renin suppressing action in different subject. However, the casual relationship between the drug plasma level, blood pressure fall and change in PRA was not so clearly disclosed. The pharmacokinetics of beta-blockers, particularly with the property of receiving extensive metabolism by the mechanism of hepatic first-pass effect should be studied between single- and multiple-dosing schedules in subjects with diverse clinical conditions. PMID- 42488 TI - Beta-adrenoceptor-blocking agents in the management of hypertension. PMID- 42489 TI - The position of beta-blockers in antihypertensive therapy. Comparison with other antihypertensive agents. PMID- 42490 TI - Clinical pharmacology of adrenergic-blocking drugs. PMID- 42491 TI - Capillary filtration coefficient: the technique and its application to the small intestine. AB - In this review, we discuss the physiological basis of the capillary filtration coefficient (Kf,c), and its measurement in the small intestine. First the various techniques by which Kf,c can be measured are discussed and assessed; the second part of the review considers the volumetric method of determining Kf,c in more detail, in an attempt to identify the causes of variability in published values for intestinal Kf,c. Finally, we discuss changes in intestinal Kf,c due to sympathetic nerve stimulation and the administration of drugs and hormones. The majority of estimates of intestinal Kf,c are about 0.38 to 0.60 (innervated) to 0.60 to 0.75 (denervated) cm3 . min-1 . kPa-1 . 100g-1. These values are increased by most vasodilator drugs and hormones, and decreased by sympathetic nerve stimulation and by vasoconstrictor drugs. PMID- 42492 TI - Degradation of canine cardiac myosin and actin by cathepsin D isolated from homologous tissue. PMID- 42493 TI - Management of a Gaboon Viper bite: a case report. PMID- 42494 TI - Presence in human epidermal cells of a soluble protein precursor of the cross linked envelope: activation of the cross-linking by calcium ions. AB - Late in the terminal differentiation of epidermis and cultured epidermal cells, a protein envelope located beneath the plasma membrane becomes cross-linked by cellular transglutaminase. The process of cross-linking can be initiated in cultured epidermal cells by agents affecting cell membrane permeability--nonionic detergents, high salt concentrations and ionophores. These agents initiate the cross-linking process by making calcium ions available to the transglutaminase. A soluble precursor of the cross-linked envelope has been identified in crude extracts of cultured epidermal cells by its ability to incorporate labeled amines through the action of transglutaminase. The protein has been purified to homogeneity by gel filtration and chromatography on columns of DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyapatite. Comprising an estimated 5--10% of the soluble cell proteins, it has a molecular weight of about 92,000, is isoelectric at pH 4.5 +/- 0.3 and has an unusual amino acid composition (46% Glx residues). It is chemically and immunochemically unrelated to keratins. The following evidence confirms that the protein becomes incorporated into cross-linked envelopes: first, washed cross linked envelopes bind antibody to the purified protein, as shown by indirect immunofluorescence; second, absorption of the antiserum with washed envelopes removes all detectable antibodies to the purified protein; and third, the protein cannot be extracted from keratinocytes after their envelopes have become cross linked. Examination of sections of epidermis by immunofluorescence, using antiserum to the purified protein, reveals that in addition to the stratum corneum, the living cells of the outer half of the spinous layer react strongly. The envelope precursor is present in the cytoplasm, but becomes concentrated at the cell periphery, where it will be cross-linked later, when the cells have passed through the granular layer. The protein is also concentrated in a peripheral location in cultured epidermal cells. PMID- 42495 TI - [Comparison of glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities in the roots and aerial organs of an obligate halophyte: Suaeda maritima var. macrocarpa and a glycophyte: Phaseolus vulgaris, grown in presence of different concentration of NaCl]. AB - The glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase activities of an obligate halophyte, Suaeda maritima var. macrocarpa and a glycophyte. Phaseolus vulgaris are compared in function of salinity (increasing concentrations of NaCl) of the culturing solution. In culture, addition of NaCl stimulates glutamine synthetase activity and lowers glutamine dehydrogenase activity in the aerial organs and in the roots of Suaeda as opposed to what is observed in the glycophyte. Hence the obligatory halophily of Suaeda is related to an increase of the glutamine synthetase activity in a sal-trich medium corresponding to the stimulation of nitrate reductase and proteogenesis. PMID- 42496 TI - A new phosphatase of human platelets. AB - Human platelets contain a phosphatase, which has a pH optimum at 7.0. Ethylenediamine tetraacetate and citrate at 0.01 mol/l concentration and Mg2+ at 0.002 mol/l concentration respectively bring about 7.7-, 3.6- and 2.1-fold increase in its activity. It is thermolabile. About 70% of its activity is lost when held at 50 degrees C for 10 min at pH 7.5. On electrophoresis through polyacrylamide gel at pH 8.3, about 87.8% of the total activity remained at the origin and the rest migrated toward the anode. Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium phosphate, ouabain in the absence or presence of K+, potassium tartarte, phenylalanine, sodium fluoride have no effect on its activity. Urea at 1 mol/l and 0.5 mol/l concentrations respectively inhibited about 76% and 28% of its activity. It has the highest preference for p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Its Km and Vmax respectively are 5.7 x 10(-4) mol/l and 2.9 mumol . min-1. Its activity on beta-glycerophosphate is about 0.7% of that on p-nitrophenylphosphate. Its activity on ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides ranges from 0.4% to 3.0% of that on p nitrophenylphosphate. Its maximum stimulation by EDTA, its non-dependence on K+ and its insensitivity to inorganic phosphate and ouabain, make human platelet neutral phosphatase herein described, distinct from the membrane bound neutral phosphtases so far reported. PMID- 42497 TI - Sleep-wake patterns and integrated values of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone in normal and cryptorchid pubertal patients. AB - The sleep-wake behaviour of LH, FSH, PRI, GH and TSH was studied in seven cryptorchid patients (four unilateral and three bilateral cryptorchids) average age 12 years and in nine normal pubertal boys of 13 years (mean age). Blood samples were collected by a continuous withdrawal pump, every hour, for 24 h. The hormonal concentration for every fraction of time was measured and related to the sleep (Sc-), wake (Wc-) and total 24 h period (Dc-). The integrated concentrations of the corresponding periods (IS, IW, ID) were calculated as well as their ratios (IS/IW; IS/ID%). For GH and TSH, the data obtained demonstrated no differences between cryptorchid and pubertal subjects. The PRL secretion in cryptorchid patients was moderately increased during the hours of nocturnal sleep. A normal pubertal sleep-wake rhythm was found for gonadotrophins in both groups of subjects. More marked levels of LH secretion were observed in cryptorchid boys compared to normal pubertals. The presence of a sleep-wake rhythm was also found in the cryptorchid patients and normal pubertal subjects in the P 1 stage. These data suggest that the CNS "programme" which controls the onset of puberty may be normal in cryptorchid patients. PMID- 42498 TI - Human amniotic fluid alpha-L-fucosidase. AB - The activity and properties of alpha-L-fucosidase in 24 samples of amniotic fluid have been investigated using the 4-methylumbelliferyl substrate. A wide range of fucosidase specific activity (0.20-1.45 nmol/min/mg protein) was found with an average value of 0.62 nmol/min/mg protein. Although no clear-cut correlation exist, there appear to be trends of decreasing fucosidase specific activity with increasing maternal age of donor and increasing gestational time. alpha-L Fucosidase activity from four amniotic fluids was characterized kinetically and immunochemically and found not to differ in its properties due to maternal age of donor or gestational time. Isoelectric focusing revealed multiple forms between pH 5.0 and 6.8, with the majority of activity present between pH 5.0 and 6.0. The pH optimum is near pH 5.0 with a second optimum suggested at pH 6.2. The apparent Michaelis constant (Km) for the 4-methylumbelliferyl substrate is 0.05 +/- 0.01 mM. The enzyme is completely thermostable at 37 degrees C for at least 4 h but loses 95% of its activity after preincubation at 45 degrees C for 1 h. Double immunodiffusion and immunoprecipitation experiments using anti-liver alpha-L fucosidase antibody suggest that the amniotic fluid alpha-L-fucosidase is antigenically similar, if not identical, to the human liver enzyme. PMID- 42499 TI - The in vivo examination of the irreversible beta-adrenoceptor antagonist Ro 03 7894 on cardiac rate and contractility. AB - 1. Two benzofuran-2-ethanolamines Ro 03-5255 (1-(5-acetylamino-benzofuran-2-yl)-1 hydroxy-2-isopropylaminoethane) and Ro 03-7894 (1-(5-chloracetyl aminobenzofuran 2-yl)-1-hydroxy-2-isopropylaminoethane) which had previously been shown to exhibit respectively competitive and irreversible beta-adrenoceptor antagonism in guinea-pig isolated atria, were compared in vivo using isoprenaline-induced tachycardia of anaesthetized guinea-pigs and heart rate and contractility (dp/dtmax) of open-chest anaesthetized guinea-pigs and of conscious cats. 2. In urethane-anaesthetized guinea-pigs doses of 3 mg/kg, s.c. of both antagonists produced significant blockade of the rate response to an 80% of maximum dose of isoprenaline after 4 h. In other experiments, guinea-pigs were pretreated with the antagonists and the responses to isoprenaline were then monitored. The slopes of the dose-response curves to isoprenaline were depressed for up to 24 h by Ro 03-7894 but this was not so with Ro 03-5255. 3. In conscious cats the course of blockade by Ro 03-7894 was followed in the same animals and was still evident after 48 h. In contrast, the beta-adrenoceptor blockage produced by Ro 03-5255 was not evident 24 h after administration. 4. The persistence of blockade by Ro 03-7894 was consistent with the irreversible mode of action demonstrated in vitro. PMID- 42500 TI - Proceedings of the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists. 12th Annual Meeting, 4-6 December 1978, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria. PMID- 42501 TI - The role of the sympathetic system in the maintenance of human hypertension. PMID- 42502 TI - Beta adrenoceptor blocking drugs in hypertension. PMID- 42503 TI - Pharmacokinetic comparison of beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents. PMID- 42504 TI - Detection of 'responders' to long-term pindolol therapy from phasic changes in cardiovascular function during acute intravenous administration in essential hypertension. PMID- 42505 TI - Cryopreservation of canine hematopoietic cells. PMID- 42506 TI - Drug influences on malformations. PMID- 42507 TI - The effect of pentobarbitone on plasma and intracellular sodium, potassium and pH in rabbit cardiac and skeletal muscle. AB - 1. Pentobarbitone anaesthesia, in rabbits, produces (i) hypokalaemia, (ii) increased intracellular potassium and reduced intracellular sodium in cardiac and skeletal muscle. 2. These changes suggest that the hypokalaemia which accompanies anaesthesia results from movement of potassium between the extracellular and intracellular compartments. PMID- 42508 TI - Potential as an aerosol vaccine of an improved Newcastle disease vaccine derived from the Lasota strain--I. In vitro studies. PMID- 42509 TI - [Stability through the gastrointestinal tractus of newborns and tolerance of bovine immunoglobulines with a high agglutination titer against pathogenens E. Coli given per os (author's transl)]. PMID- 42510 TI - Comparison of the speed of bronchodilator action after inhaled fenoterol and rimiterol in reversible airways obstruction. PMID- 42511 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in malignancy. PMID- 42512 TI - Pheochromocytoma--recognition and management. AB - Pheochromocytoma is an infrequent cause of hypertension. In spite of its rarity, pheochromocytoma has assumed notorious importance because or a wide variety of clinical features associated with this syndrome. Hypertension remains the most important clinical lead. The presence of other features, such as severe headache, perspiration, palpitations or orthostatic hypotension, makes the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma likely. The diagnosis of this condition can be made with greater certainty than that of any other form of secondary hypertension. Pharmacologic tests are no longer used for evaluation purposes. Biochemical tests are the most important aids to diagnosis, provided highly specific methods are used to determine the levels of urinary catecholamines or their metabolites. Interference by various drugs should be avoided. Most of the pheochromocytomas are found in the abdomen, predominantly in the adrenals. Successful outcome of surgery depends critically on adequate preoperative preparation of the patient with adrenergic blocking drugs and proper intraoperative care. Surgery should only be performed in an institution with experience in treating these tumors. Invasive localizing procedures could be dangerous in patients with pheochromocytoma and are best avoided. Medical therapy proves to be quite successful for those patients who are unable or unwilling to undergo surgery and for those with demonstrated malignant tumor. The postoperative course in most instances is uneventful. The physician should be aware of familial forms of pheochromocytomas and screen all the hypertensive members of the patient's family for the presence of this condition. Pheochromocytoma, with its multiple facets, presents a challenge to the clinician; however, with prompt diagnosis and proper treatment, pheochromocytoma can often be cured. The improved management of patients with this potentially lethal condition is the result of better knowledge of biochemical pharmacology, improved preoperative, surgical and postoperative care. PMID- 42513 TI - The pharmacologic control of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 42514 TI - Simultaneous continuous pH- and PaO2-measurements during labour. Case-report. PMID- 42515 TI - Changes in glomerular filtration rate during long term treatment with propranolol and peripheral vasodilators in patients with arterial hypertension. PMID- 42516 TI - Diffusion of beta-lactam antibiotics and fosfomycin to interstitial tissue fluid in rabbits. AB - The ability of seven antibiotics (carbenicillin, cloxacillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, cephaloridine, cefoxitin and fosfomycin) to enter interstitial tissue fluid was evaluated. Using rabbits with implanted subcutaneous chambers, antibiotics were given intramuscularly as a single dose of 15 mg/kg, and antibiotic levels in serum and interstitial fluid of the chambers were determined at variously scheduled times after injection. The results indicated that antibiotic concentrations in the two compartments did not run parallel. The pharmacokinetic analysis showed that, in general, antibiotic diffusion from blood to interstitial fluid increased with the concentration gradient and the serum half-life, and there was an inverse relationship to pKa, protein binding and molecular weight of the antibiotic. PMID- 42517 TI - The relationships between the cardiovascular effects, alpha- and beta adrenoceptor blocking actions and plasma concentration of labetalol in doca hypertensive rats. AB - The relationships between the cardiovascular effects, alpha- and beta adrenoceptor blocking actions and plasma concentration of labetalol have been examined in conscious DOCA hypertensive rats. Labetalol (10, 30 and 100 mg/kg p.o.) reduced resting heart rate; blood pressure was reduced only by the two higher doses. The effects lasted 5-24 hours. There was a highly significant correlation between the plasma labetalol concentration and its cardiovascular effects. During the labetalol-induced hypotension and bradycardia the vasopressor responses to intra-arterial injections of phenylephrine were reduced; the tachycardia and vasodepressor responses produced by intra-arterial injections of isoprenaline were also reduced. It is concluded that alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade probably account for the labetalol-induced decreases in resting blood pressure and heart rate respectively. PMID- 42519 TI - [Effect of endonuclease S1 on the DNA of normal and tumor cells]. PMID- 42518 TI - Physiological basis of ischemic enteropathy. PMID- 42520 TI - [Effect of antimycin A on redox-dependent protonation of the b cytochromes of the mitochondrial respiratory chain]. PMID- 42521 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia: a curative therapeutic concept?]. PMID- 42522 TI - [Increased gamma GT activity]. PMID- 42523 TI - [Long-term suppression of H+ secretion through a combination of cimetidine and methanthelinbromide (author's transl)]. AB - Inhibition of acid secretion was investigated in 5 patients with Zollinger Ellison syndrome and 12 patients with duodenal ulcer after administration of 200 mg cimetidine alone and combined with 50 mg methanthelinebromide. A preinvestigation of 5 patients had not shown any significant decrease of acid secretion after 50 mg methanthelinebromide alone. Compared with a single dose of 200 mg cimetidine, combined drugs' use (200 mg cimetidine and 50 mg methanthelinebromide) led to significant increase of inhibition of secretion both as regards degree and duration. In 6 patients with duodenal ulcer basal secretion of more than 2.0 mmol H+/h 200 mg cimetidine led to inhibition of secretion by 91.4% over 120 min compared to 96.4% over 225 min after combined administration. Similar results were obtained in 6 patients with a basal secretion of less than 2.0 mmol H+/h. PMID- 42524 TI - Survival of El Tor cholera vibrio in local water sources and beverages in Tanzania. PMID- 42525 TI - [Studies about influence of food on gastroesophageal reflux. I. pH measurements before and after standardized meal (author's transl)]. AB - Continuous pH measurements were undertaken by 87 patients (17 without, 30 with small, 40 with heavy symptons of reflux) for the study of gastroesophageal reflux 1 hour before and after standardized meal. A significant increase of reflux was shown by 19 patients with reflux under dry conditions, whereas reflux was demonstrated by 47 patients for the first time. After meal provocation of reflux was shown by patients with typical symptoms of reflux. An increase of reflux was shown the heavier reflux sumptoms were. pH measurements of gastroesophageal reflux seem to improve the evidence of results after such standardized meal. PMID- 42526 TI - [Effect of antimacrophage serum on the graft vs. host reaction in F1 hybrid mice]. AB - The author carried out experiments on 100 one-week old F1 hybrids (BALB-C C57-BL) and succeeded to obtain moderately manifested CvH reaction, injecting them with peritoneal macrophages from one of the parent's lines-BALB-C, immunized preliminary with lymphocytes from other parentalline. Preliminary incubation of macrophages with AMC without participation of compliment did not affect significantly the manifestations of GvH reaction, while successive incubation of macrophages with AMC and compliment inhibited completely the ability of the cells to induce GvH reaction. This effect was in correlation with the vitality of the cells. PMID- 42527 TI - [Chronology of the extrapyramidal effects of neuroleptics, and the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system]. AB - Authors after analysis of the data in literature describe the chronologic appearance of the extrapyramidal effects of neuroleptics. In order to restore a neurophysiological coherence to dissimilar or even contradictory clinical emergences this sequence is analysed in function of the actual data, relative to the mechanism and to the modalities of adaptation of the dopaminergic synapse of the nigro striatal system. PMID- 42528 TI - [Tardive dyskinesia induced by neuroleptics. A review of the literature]. AB - Neuroleptics can induce not only early but also tardive extrapyramidal side effects. The former were described as early as in the beginning of the therapeutic era; the latter, known as tardive dyskinesia, are essentially made of bucco-linguomasticatory dyskinesia, sometimes accompanied by other extrapyramidal symptoms, among others choreo-athetoid movements of the limbs. This complication was most often reported in elderly people, when a long-lasting neuroleptic treatment is withdrawn; but it can also appear in young people and after a neuroleptic treatment of only a few weeks duration. The trouble occurs or is worsened when neuroleptics are withdrawn and is reduced when dosage is increased; it responds to the theoretical model of denervation supersensitivity. Symptoms may be reduced by blocking the dopaminergic receptor, or by reducing dopaminergic transmission, or, may be, by increasing cholinergic activity. Now, treatment is first and foremost prevention. PMID- 42529 TI - Changes of serum testosterone and of LH-RH test after treatment of cryptorchidism by intranasal LH-RH. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to study, in a collaborative double blind study, the treatment with intranasal LH-RH application of boys aged 1 1/2 to 12 years, who suffered from unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism. A total of 88 subjects were randomly and blindly allocated to LH-RH and placebo therapy. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment basal testosterone serum levels were estimated and LH-RH tests were performed. Intranasal treatment with LH-RH resulted in partial or complete descents of testes in 23 out of 88 patients, whereas the position of testes remained unchanged in 17 subjects. 42 boys did not respond to placebo therapy, but complete descents were observed in 6 boys of the placebo group. Hormone analysis data of 4 different laboratories were recorded and statistically evaluated. No changes of LH, FSH and testosterone were found in the placebo groups. Only patients of the Frankfurt group responded to LH-RH test with augmented LH release after therapy (P less than 0.05). All patients treated with intranasal LH-RH showed a significant decrease of FSH release after therapy (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.01). Basal testosterone serum levels were found to be increased after therapy only in the patients treated at Zurich (P less than 0.05). Data of the present study combine to suggest that chronic application of LH-RH may result in an overstimulation phenomenon, and that LH-RH test as well as basal testosterone levels cannot be used as prognostic index of therapy efficacy. PMID- 42530 TI - Developmental studies on gamma-glutamyl transferase in rat intestinal mucosa. AB - The activity of gamma-GT in rat intestinal mucosa has been studied during normal development. No significant differences in enzymatic activity have been recorded between 21-day-old fetuses, neonates tested at 3, 10, 20 and 30 days and older animals (65 days). Only in the period immediately prior to birth did the liver gamma-GT display activity levels similar to those of intestinal gamma-GT. In neonates and in adult rats, the intestinal gamma-GT activity was much higher as compared to the enzymatic activity in the liver, possibly revealing a species feature in rats. The results of the studies show that the rat is particularly suitable for experimental studies on intestinal gamma-GT in pathological conditions. PMID- 42532 TI - 7th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, Warsaw, 27-31 August 1979. Proceedings. PMID- 42531 TI - Characterization and physiological function of rat renal gamma glutamyltranspeptidase. AB - Rat renal gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase is an intrinsic membrane glycoprotein. The larger of its two subunits is apparently folded into two distinguishable domains which are separated by a protease-sensitive sequence of amino acids. Membrane binding of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase results from the hydrophobic interaction of the nonpolar domain of the amphipathic subunit with the lipid bilayer. Localization of at least a portion of the gamma-glutamyl binding site on the smaller subunit limits the active site of the enzyme to one side of the membrane. Within the kidney, the enzyme is primarily associated with the luminal surface of the brush border membrane of the proximal straight tubule. Comparison of the kinetic properties of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase with the pH and the substrates available within the tubular fluid suggests that the physiologically significant reaction catalyzed by the transpeptidase is the hydrolysis of glutathione and its S-derivatives. The glutathionemia and glutathionuria observed in a patient who lacks detectable gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity and in mice following specific inhibition of transpeptidase, support the hypothesis that the enzyme plays a major role in glutathione catabolism. It now appears that the activities attributed to the gamma-glutamyl cycle do not participate in amino acid transport, but instead constitute three separate metabolic pathways; the intracellular synthesis of glutathione, the intracellular degradation of gamma glutamyl peptides and the extracellular hydrolysis of glutathione. The finding that various cells release reduced and oxidized glutathione indicates that glutathione turnover may be a process of intracellular synthesis, excretion and extracellular degradation. PMID- 42533 TI - The biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids and its control in mammalian liver. PMID- 42534 TI - The brain death criterion of human death. An analysis and reflections on the 1977 New York Conference on Brain Death. PMID- 42535 TI - The peroxidase activity of rat uterus. AB - The peroxidase activity in the uterine extract of rats previously given a low dose of oestradiol has been examined. From sexually mature rats, two peroxidases of apparent molecular weights of 92 000 (peroxidase I) and 40 000 (peroxidase II) and of different mobilities in polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis were found. The two peroxidases were separated and characterized in terms of their substrate specificities, kinetics, pH optima for activity, inhibitors and stabilities. Both enzymes appeared to be classic haemoprotein peroxidases of very similar properties. Peroxidase II was further purified. PMID- 42536 TI - Stearolyl-CoA desaturase: a control enzyme in hepatic lipogenesis. AB - 1. Hepatocytes were isolated by perfusion of the liver with collagenase/salt solutions and incubated in culture after attachment to plastic culture dishes for periods up to 48 h. 2. The cells, when incubated in serum-free culture medium in the presence of insulin, showed enhanced stearolyl-CoA desaturase activity which was not observed when 50 muM cycloheximide was included. When insulin was omitted from the medium, the cells lost 80% of their original desaturase activity. 3. Cells isolated from animals fed 20% (w/w) sucrose for two weeks prior to sacrifice, showed high levels of fatty acid synthesis, stearolyl-CoA desaturase activity and triacylglycerol synthesis when compared with cells isolated from animals fed a corn oil supplemental diet. 4. The observations are discussed in terms of the influence of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity on hepatic lipogenesis. PMID- 42537 TI - The control of lipogenesis by dietary linoleic acid and its influence on the deposition of fat. AB - The replacement of dietary starch by sucrose results in an increase in hepatic lipogenesis in the rat. When corn oil (4% by weight or 9% of the energy content of the diet) was included with the sucrose (20% by weight, 20% of the energy content) the lipogenic effect of the sucrose was completely suppressed. In contrast, when beef tallow replaced the corn oil, the induced activity caused by the sucrose was reduced by only approximately 20%. No significant differences were observed between males and females. These diets containing sucrose supplemented with either 4% (w/w) corn oil or 4% (w/w) beef tallow, were then used to ascertain whether or not the effects on hepatic lipogenesis were reflected in changes in the amount of fat deposited during growth from 4--24 weeks of age. It was shown that the percentage body fat was only statistically different (P less than 0.05) when animals fed sucrose-supplemented diets were compared with animals fed diets supplemented with sucrose and beef tallow. However, there were no significant differences in total carcass weight of these rats. The results are discussed in terms of the relative contribution of liver and adipose tissue to total lipogenesis and the factors which control the lipogenic activity in the two tissues. PMID- 42538 TI - Thymidylate synthetase from Escherichia coli K12. Purification, and dependence of kinetic properties on sugar conformation and size of the 2' substituent. AB - Thymidylate synthetase from Escherichia coli K12 has been purified 3600-fold by a series of chromatographic procedures. The final preparation had a specific activity of 1.47 units/mg protein and was approximately 80% pure. The enzyme is a dimer of relative molecular mass, Mr, 64000 composed of two subunits of Mr 32,000 each. Its isoelectric point is 4.7 and it is stimulated by Mg2+. Michaelis constants for (+)5,10-methylene-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate [(+)CH2H4folate] were 0.014 mM in the case of methylation of 2'-deoxyuridine-5'-phosphate (dUMP) and 0.55 mM when it served as methyl-group donor for 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5' phosphate (dUflMP); the corresponding Km values for dUMP and dUflMP were 0.01 mM and 0.11 mM, respectively. The activation energies for the two reactions were found to be 72.8 kJ/mol (methylation of dUMP) and 66.1 kJ/mol (methylation of dUflMP). The data support a recognition mechanism between thymidylate synthetase and that fraction of the nucleotide the sugar moiety of which is in the 2'-endo 3'-exo conformation. PMID- 42539 TI - Complete inactivation and labeling of methionyl-tRNA synthetase by periodate treated initiator tRNA in the presence of sodium cyanohydridoborate. AB - Methionyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli can react with periodate-treated tRNA to form a Schiff's base through the epsilon-amino group of a lysine within the enzymic active center and the 2',3'-aldehyde groups created at the 3' terminal ribose of tRNA. At alkaline pH, the Schiff's base equilibrium can be continuously and specifically displaced by reduction in situ with sodium cyanohydridoborate, which on the other hand leaves intact the reacting aldehyde groups of oxidized tRNA. The effects of temperature, pH and of reducing agent concentration on the rate and extent of reduction of the Schiff's base are analysed. Conditions are described (37 degrees C, pH 8.0, in the presence of 1 mM cyanohydridoborate) which allowed rapid and complete conversion of the monomeric trypsin-modified methionyl-tRNA synthetase into its 1:1 covalent complex with tRNAfMet. PMID- 42540 TI - Crystallization and properties of cathepsin B from rat liver. AB - Cathepsin B from rat liver was purified to apparent homogeneity by cell fractionation, freezing and thawing, acetone treatment, gel filtration, DEAE Sephadex and CM-Sephadex column chromatography, and was crystallized. The purified enzyme formed spindle-shaped crystals and its homogeneity was proved by disc gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and by ultracentrifugal analysis. Its s20,w value was 2.8 S and its relative molecular mass was calculated to be 22,500 (+/- 900) by sedimentation equilibrium analysis. Crystalline cathepsin B was shown to consist of four isozymes with isoelectric points between pH 4.9 and 5.3, the main isozyme having an isoelectric point of pH 5.0. The enzyme was irreversibly inactivated by exposure to weak alkali. The pH optimum was 6.0 with alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-4-nitroanilide as substrate. Amino acid analysis showed that the enzyme contained hexosamine, glucosamine and galactosamine. Cathepsin B inactivated aldolase, glucokinase, apo-ornithine aminotransferase, and apo-cystathionase, but the rates of inactivation of glucokinase, apo-ornithine aminotransferase, and apocystathionase were lower than that of aldolase. Studies by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence and absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate showed that cathepsin B degraded apo ornithine aminotransferase to two polypeptide chains differing in relative molecular mass and electrophoretic mobility. PMID- 42541 TI - A pathway of polygalactosamine formation in Aspergillus parasiticus: enzymatic deacetylation of N-acetylated polygalactosamine. AB - 1. An enzyme which hydrolyzes the acetamido groups of N-acetylgalactosamine residues in N-acetylated polygalactosamine was found in the supernatant fraction of Aspergillus parasiticus AHU 7165, a polygalactosamine-producing strain. 2. N Acetylated polygalactosamine was used as a substrate in the purification and characterization of this enzyme. A 140-fold purification was obtained by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose and DEAE-cellulose. 3. The enzyme releases about 60-70% of the acetyl groups of N-acetylated polygalactosamine, giving a product with free amino groups. Whereas the enzyme also deacetylates oligosaccharides with 14 or more N-acetylgalactosamine units at a rate similar to that of deacetylation of the polymer, it deacetylates shorter oligosaccharides (trimer to hexamer of N acetylgalactosamine) much more slowly and is virtually inactive toward disaccharide. Deacetylation can not be detected with bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan, N-acetylated heparin, partially O-hydroxyethylated chitin or monomeric N-acetylgalactosamine derivatives as substrates. 4. This enzyme shows double pH optima of 5.3 and 9.3. The Km value for N-acetylated poly-galactosamine is 0.15 g/l (or 0.54 mM with respect to monosaccharide residues). 5. The occurrence of this enzyme may account for the formation of polygalactosamine with free amino groups. PMID- 42542 TI - Pretest activity and intellectual performance in middle-aged and older persons. AB - The present study investigated the effects of three conditions of pretest activity on the intellectual performance of 90 middle aged (50-61) and elderly (62-72) individuals. The Primary Mental Abilities Test was presented under three pretest conditions: physical, mental and physical, and no activity. Multi- and univariate analyses revealed significant age (or cohort) and sex differences in intellectual performance, but no significant pretest treatment effects. These results, when combined with similar recent findings of other investigators, indicate that pretest activity effects are less powerful than some widely cited previous research has suggested. PMID- 42544 TI - The thermal response of mouse adenocarcinoma cells at low pH. PMID- 42543 TI - Mechanisms of neurohumoral regulation of heart function in aging. AB - Changes in hemodynamics and myocardial contractile capacity following the stimulation of extracardial nerves and administration of various doses of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, propranolol, phentolamin, atropine, serpasil and benzohexonium were studied in albino rats, rabbits and cats of various age. The shifts in cardiac acetylcholine and norepinephrine content and the activity of some enzymes of their catabolism were determined as well. Functional changes were compared with the structural shifts in intramural nervous system. In old animals there was a rise in threshold of voltage, which induced threshold reaction at stimulation of n. vagus and n. sympaticus and there was a change in heart sensitivity to acetycholine and norepinephrine, propranolol, atropine, serpasil and benzohexonium. A relationship was shown between age changes in nervous regulation of heart and transmitter metabolism. The intensity of acetylcholine and norepinephrine synthesis was decreased in old age, the transmitter metabolism in various parts of the heart was not uniformly altered, the sensitivity of epicardial chemoreceptors to nicotine, veratrum, acetylcholine was increased. The reflexes from cardiac mechanoreceptors were diminished. PMID- 42545 TI - The pH of the cytoplasm as an important factor in the survival of in vitro cultured malignant cells after hyperthermia. Effects of carbonylcyanide 3 chlorophenylhydrazone. PMID- 42546 TI - Accelerated fall in serum bromide level after administration of perchlorate to man. AB - Five patients intoxicated with bromoureide showed accelerated elimination of bromide from serum after a single dose of perchlorate. It was probably due to increased renal excretion of bromide. Perchlorate has been reported to increase the renal clearance of other monovalent anions by inhibiting their tubular reabsorption and a similar interaction between perchlorate and bromide is suggested. Although perchlorate effectively eliminates bromide it should not replace chloride in the treatment of bromide intoxication, because of the side effects of its repeated administration. PMID- 42547 TI - Ganglion blocking properties of some bispyridinium soman antagonists. AB - Various doses of several bispyridinium compounds (HS-6, HI-6, HGG-12, HGG-42, and SAD-128) known to protect animals against the irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor soman were examined to determine their effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory system of cats. Although the potency varied considerably all of the compounds tested lowered the blood pressure, which appeared to be the result of ganglion blocking properties as determined by their reduction of the pressor response to dimethylphenylpiperazinium and the blockage of the contraction of the preganglionically stimulated cat nictitating membrane. Some of the compounds caused cessation of respiration at much lower doses than others but did so at doses greater than those causing ganglion blockage. PMID- 42548 TI - Presynaptic noradrenergic alpha-receptors and modulation of 3H-noradrenaline release from rat brain synaptosomes. AB - The depolarization (15 mM K+)-induced release of 3H-NA from superfused rat brain synaptosomes and the effects of alpha-noradrenergic drugs thereon were studied. Noradrenaline (NA; in the presence of the uptake inhibitor desipramine) reduced synaptosomal 3H-NA release. Reduction of the concentration of calcium ions in the medium during K+ stimulation greatly enhanced the sensitivity of 3H-NA release to alpha-receptor-mediated inhibition. Under these conditions NA dose-dependently inhibited 3H-NA release from synaptosomes obtained from cortex or hypothalamus, but did not affect 3H-NA release from striatal (i.e dopaminergic) synaptosomes. Adrenaline, clonidine and oxymetazoline potently inhibited 3H-NA release from cortex synaptosomes at concentrations in the nanomolar range. Phentolamine by itself did not affect synaptosomal 3H-NA release, but antagonized the inhibitory effects of both noradrenaline and adrenaline. The data obtained further substantiate the hypothesis that the alpha-receptors mediating a local negative feedback control of NA release are localized on the varicosities of central noradrenergic neurons, Furthermore, noradrenergic nerve terminals in the hypothalamus appear to be less senstive to alpha-receptor-mediated presynaptic inhibition than those in the cortex. PMID- 42549 TI - Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase of bovine ciliary body: purification and properties. PMID- 42550 TI - Partial purification and some properties of arylsulfatases A and B in the bovine neurosensory retina. PMID- 42551 TI - Acid excretion in young and adult Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Wistar Kyoto rats (WKy), the most widely accepted control for SH rats, show an inability to excrete acid appropriately when compared to another normotensive strain, SD. Coupled with the fact than KWy also develops 'sodium-sensitive' hypertension, this makes them a more complex control than realized. At very young ages (less than 10-week-old), neither SH nor WKy show any deficiency in acid excretion. PMID- 42552 TI - Immunological blocking of exogenous and endogenous secretin in the dog. AB - In mongrel dogs with chronic gastric and duodenal fistula the biological activity of secretin on exocrine pancreatic secretion could be blocked by preincubating the secretin injected with rabbit antisecretin antibody. In addition, the activity of endogenous secretin released by acid was markedly reduced by application of antibody. Since no such effect was observed after testmeal stimulation, secretin is most probably not released in a significant amount by the liquid meal used in this experiment. PMID- 42553 TI - Antihypertensive and cardiac effects of two novel beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. AB - Two new beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs with acute antihypertensive and positive inotropic effects are described: Compound A (2-[4-(3-tert.butylamino-2 hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-4-trifluoromethylimidazole) and MK-761 (2-(3 tert.butylamine-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3-cyanopyridine hydrochloride). In SH rats both compounds, given orally, lowered arterial pressure and were more potent than hydralazine. The antihypertensive effect of compound A but not of MK-761 was antagonized by timolol. Both compounds had positive inotropic activity on cat heart papillary muscles; these effects were antagonized by timolol. The pretreatment of animals with reserpine greatly reduced the positive inotropic effect of MK-761 but not of compound A. The acute antihypertensive and positive inotropic effects of compound A are like to be at least partially due to stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors, e.g. intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The effects of MK-761 on the same parameters appear to be mediated by different mechanisms. PMID- 42554 TI - Effect of centrally active drugs on dopamine oxidation by rat brain catecholamine oxidase. AB - Centrally active drugs of the phenothiazine-, butyrophenone- and iminodibenzyl class markedly decreased the rate of dopamine oxidation in the presence of rat brain catecholamine oxidase. PMID- 42555 TI - Increased release of tumour cells by collagenase at acid pH: a possible mechanism for metastasis. AB - The ability of collagenase to disaggregate a solid metastasizing lymphosarcoma has been shown to considerably increase with reducing environmental pH. It is suggested that this effect may be operating in vivo to release cells from a primary tumour. PMID- 42556 TI - [Identification and determination of nuredal in biological material]. PMID- 42557 TI - [Production and control of Kalanchoe juice]. PMID- 42558 TI - Fimbrial colonization factor CFA/1 protein from human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Purification, characterization and N-terminal sequence. PMID- 42559 TI - Effects of citrate on phosphofructokinase from lactating rat mammary gland acini. PMID- 42560 TI - Bacteriorhodopsin monomers pump protons. PMID- 42561 TI - Permeation of liposome membrane by superoxide radical. PMID- 42562 TI - Oxidation-reduction properties of coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethane sulphonate) at the mercury electrode. PMID- 42563 TI - Factors regulating the susceptibility of the acetylcholine receptor protein to heat inactivation. PMID- 42564 TI - [Dimecoline stability in aqueous solutions]. PMID- 42565 TI - [Primary medical health care personnel in the developing countries: problems of reserves and training]. PMID- 42566 TI - [Effect of vasocative substances on resistance and capacitance vessels under high altitude conditions]. AB - In cats, i.a. administration of adrenaline (10 microgram), serotonin (30 microgram), and acetylcholine (10 microgram) on the 3rd, 15th, and 30th days of animals stay at 3200 m altitude induced different vasomotor responses in precapillary and postcapillary portions of intestine vascular net during different periods of high altitude adaptation. Changes of reactivity in different receptor structures of smooth muscles, the initial tonus of the small intestine resistance vessels associated with the whole adaptive rearrangement of the organism functional state in the high altitude extreme conditions, are the possible mechanisms of detected changes. PMID- 42567 TI - An attempt at isolation and partial characterization of specific antibodies from antithymocyte serum. AB - Specific anti-T antibody was isolated from rabbit anti-mouse and anti-rat thymocyte antiserum on immunosorbent prepared by fixation of brain homogenate in glutaraldehyde. Conditions of isolation, purity of obtained antibody and cytotoxic activity were followed. The resulting preparation containing immunoglobulin G is contaminated with beta globulin and albumin, contains non precipitating proteins originating from brain tissue and is cytotoxic for thymocytes. Cytotoxicity for bone marrow cells was not demonstrated. PMID- 42568 TI - The XVIIIth International Symposium on Laboratory Animals. Hruba Skala, April 1979. Section II: Cell surface, structure and function. PMID- 42569 TI - Basal cell carcinoma of the vulva. AB - Basal cell carcinoma was found in eight of 61 cases of vulvar malignancy occurring over a 20-year period. This incidence of basal cell carcinoma was 13.1%, higher than the expected 2%-5% reported previously in the literature. Symptoms of a mass, usually discharge, pruritus or bleeding, were commonly ignored for long periods of time by the elderly patient. The specific location and size were difficult to ascertain from hospital records. Therapy is always surgical with wide local excision recommended. Local recurrence will be noted in 10%-20%, as vulvar basal cell carcinoma is a multicentric lesion and, therefore, long-term follow-up, as with any malignancy, is mandatory. Adequate identification and reporting may well show that this lesion is more common than has been previously thought. PMID- 42570 TI - Choriocarcinoma associated with thyrotoxicosis: a case report. AB - A woman with disseminated choriocarcinoma and with clinical and biochemical evidence of thyrotoxicosis is described. Only a few cases have been previously reported, and works are referred to showing that high levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) probably are responsible for the thyroid-stimulating activity in patients with trophoblastic disease and clinical signs of thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 42571 TI - Early identification, differentiation and treatment of ovarian neoplasia. AB - Among 3205 patients who needed major gynecologic operations, only 250 (7.8%) had significant ovarian cysts or tumors (170 benign, 38 "low malignant potential," 42 gross cancers). Contrary to prior reports, this study show that most patients with ovarian neoplasia had had some symptoms (duration ranged from two weeks to ten years), or a palpable adnexal mass or both. Associated symptoms have been itemized in categories. Procrastination by patients, after occurrence of the first symptoms, resulted in the growth of later-stage cancers and lower survival rates. It may be inferred from age-incidence graphs that some benign cystadenomas may be present in ovaries for long intervals of time and then may become malignant. The importance of (a) careful recording of histories, (b) periodic pelvic examinations, (c) the use of preoperative methods of differential diagnosis and (d) the differentiation between gross tumor characteristics during operations are discussed. Earlier diagnosis and treatment of ovarian neoplasia are possible and will yield better long-term results. PMID- 42572 TI - An ultrastructural and clinical study of theca and granulosa cell tumors. AB - To establish the cell type responsible for the production of estrogens in an ovarian tumor, seven thecomas, three granulosa cell tumors and one fibroma were studied with electron microscopy. The secretion of estrogens by the tumor was determined by measuring the plasma levels of estrogens in the ovarian and cubital veins of some patients and examining the histology of the endometria. Polygonal cells with abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) at the ultrastructural level were found in the tumors of patients with clinical signs of hyperestrogenism. It is likely that these cells are the site of steroidogenesis, which is known to be reflected by SER in the cells of the human corpus luteum. PMID- 42573 TI - Adenocysitc carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a clinicopathologic study. AB - Eight cases of adenocystic carcinoma of the uterine cervix, a rare histologic variant, are presented, with a brief review of 41 cases previously reported in the literature. They represent only 0.27% of 3254 cervical carcinomas that we encountered between 1962 and 1977. In all eight cases, there was early parametrial involvement, and the majority behaved aggressively. All eight patients were multiparas, and six of them were postmenopausal. Interestingly, including this series, 15 of 49 reported cases of this entity have been from India. PMID- 42574 TI - Umbilical mass as a presenting symptom of endometrial adenocarcinoma. AB - A case of an umbilical mass as a primary presenting symptom of otherwise asymptomatic endometrial adenocarcinoma is reported. The pertinent literature is reviewed with regard to the relation of the umbilical mass to metastatic carcinoma. PMID- 42575 TI - 46,XX gonadal dysgenesis associated with congenital nerve deafness. AB - A sporadic case of a woman presenting with the combination of pure 46,XX gonadal dysgenesis and congenital nerve deafness is reported. A similar association had been reported as a rare familial occurrence. The apparent heterogeneity of phenotypic characteristics among the previously reported individuals and the possible genetic implications are discussed. PMID- 42576 TI - Variable X chromosomal abnormalities in patients with stigmata of Turner syndrome. AB - Four cases with suspected sex chromosomal abnormalities and clinical features and endocrine data typical of Turner syndrome are presented. Chromosome preparations made from skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood and multiple banding techniques employed to map the genes of their X chromosomes showed variable results. A review of the literature also revealed conflicting findings regarding the mapping of genes on the X chromosome. Despite different cytogenetic findings, the clinical features of the four cases presented were quite similar. PMID- 42577 TI - A comparative study of labor induced by oral prostaglandin E2 and buccal tablets of demoxytocin. AB - A comparative study of the efficacy of oral prostaglandin E2 and buccal tablets of demoxytocin for induction of labor in overdue pregnancies was made in groups of randomly selected patients. Labor was successfully induced in 95.7% of the women in the prostaglandin group and 92.1% of the women in the demoxytocin group. Although the operative delivery rate was low in both groups, it was significantly higher for the demoxytocin group. A low rate of perinatal distress was recorded and there were no serious side effects in either group. The time from start of induction until delivery, as well as the time from amniotomy until delivery, were compared for primiparae and multiparae separately. No significant differences were found. The blood loss during the third stage of labor was lower in the prostaglandin group. We find oral induction of labor in overdue pregnancies effective, safe and convenient. PMID- 42578 TI - Concurrent use of PGF2 alpha, vibrations to the cervix uteri and amniotomy to induce labor after intrauterine fetal death. AB - A triad consisting of (a) prostaglandin F2 alpha infusion, (b) dilation of the uterine cervix by low frequency vibrations and (c) early low amniotomy was used to induce labor in ten women after intrauterine fetal death had occurred. Vaginal delivery was successful in all cases, with a mean induction-to-delivery interval of 5.4 +/- 0.8 hours. Vibratory dilation effectively prepares the cervix for the intense prostaglandin-induced uterine contractions and thereby reduces the risk of cervical laceration and fistula. The dilation of the cervical canal also makes an early low amniotomy possible and easy. This study demonstrates a highly effective, safe and relatively nontraumatic method for uterine evacuation after intrauterine fetal death. PMID- 42579 TI - Hyponatremic fits in oxytocin-augmented labors. AB - Case reports of three patients who had fits as a consequence of hyponatremia are presented. Each patient was in spontaneous labor at term and received conventional doses of oxytocin for augmentation. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this entirely iatrogenic condition are discussed. The differences between these and similar cases in the literature are stressed. PMID- 42580 TI - Tubal occlusion via laparoscopy in Latin America: an evaluation of 8186 cases. AB - Ease of performance, safety and effectiveness of laparoscopic sterilization techniques are evaluated for 8186 procedures (6995 interval, 680 postabortion and 511 postpartum) performed in Latin America from June 1972 through February 1978. The tubes were occluded via electrocoagulation or application of the spring loaded clip or the tubal ring. Less than 1% of the procedures were declared technical failures (ie, those which were not completed as planned). For all the tubal occlusion techniques, interval patients had the lowest rate of surgical complications. Pregnancy rates were low for the electrocoagulation and for the tubal ring techniques; patients sterilized by the spring-loaded clip, however, had a significantly higher pregnancy rate. PMID- 42581 TI - A new technique for minilaparotomy. AB - Female sterilization by minilaparotomy was performed on 500 patients at Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Madras, India. Access to the Fallopian tubes was achieved by elevating the uterus with the gloved hand of a medical or paramedical assistant. The effectiveness of the fingers for this maneuver in place of various uterine elevators is discussed and its usefulness pointed out in relation to practive in developing countries. The role of paramedical personnel and the hospital's medical staff, in this technique is described. PMID- 42582 TI - Hysterectomy following sterilization. AB - In a review of 108 cases of consecutively selected women undergoing hysterectomy for nonmalignant disease, it was found that one third of the patients or their husbands had previously been sterilized. In many instances, the gynecologic problem necessitating hysterectomy antedated the sterilizing procedure. It is postulated that, when couples request sterilization, two operations might be avoided if routine consideration were given to any condition that might lead to hysterectomy. PMID- 42583 TI - The history of pregnancies that occur following female sterilization. AB - Data on 208 pregnancies occurring among 20,749 women following sterilization were collected by the International Fertility Research Program and the histories of these pregnancies from conception to termination were analyzed. In the laparoscopic series, the operator's failure to interrupt the tube by electrocoagulation or a tubal occlusion device was the major reason reported for sterilization failure. In the culdoscopic series, operator error or device deficiency were the major reasons for failure. About three quarters of pregnancies in this study were conceived within the first year following sterilization and were confirmed during the first trimester. The rate of ectopic pregnancy occurring in this series was higher than the rate reported for nonsterilized women and was especially high when electrocoagulation was used. PMID- 42584 TI - A survey of sterilization acceptors in a family planning program in rural Bangladesh. AB - The results of a survey of 275 Bangladeshi women who were sterilized at a rural family planning clinic are presented. The survey comprised two interviews of each woman: one conducted immediately prior to the sterilization procedure and the second conducted one month after each woman was sterilized. Sociodemographic data were gathered for the survey from the patients' clinic records. Reasons for the choice of sterilization and sociodemographic impact of the procedure are discussed, as are implications of the results on other rural family planning programs. PMID- 42585 TI - The outcome of pregnancies subsequent to induced and spontaneous abortion. AB - A study was made of 8982 women who were admitted for delivery over a four-year period to the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria. Of the 5682 women who had had more than one pregnancy, 14.5% admitted a history of one or more abortions (spontaneous or induced). Of the whole series, 8.8% admitted having had one or more induced abortions. Patients with prior abortions were compared with selected controls, and maternal characteristics were standardized between the two groups. Undesirable outcomes of subsequent pregnancy, such as low birth weight, premature delivery, stillbirth, neonatal death, miscarriage or congenital malformation, did not seem to increase in patients with histories of abortions. PMID- 42586 TI - Active management of high-risk pregnancy. AB - Sixty patients with previous stillbirths were given active antepartum, intrapartum and early postnatal care. A majority (75%) had a history of repeated stillbirths, and responsible pathology was detected in 55% of the cases. In the present pregnancy, 90% of the patients suffered complications, each of which was diagnosed and treated. Most of the group were hospitalized. Tests for serial urinary estrogens were done for 75% of the women. Other special assessments of maturity with amniotic fluid, oxytocin challenges and fetal monitoring were carried out in selected cases. After confirming maturity and degree of antepartum stress, labor was induced when appropriate. There was liberal recourse to cesarean section (18.3%), but no maternal mortality. Overall fetal salvage was 75%. PMID- 42587 TI - Diazepam therapy in eclampsia. AB - The single drug therapy of diazepam can be introduced to effectively control convulsions in eclampsia. This treatment will have particular application in rural obstetrics where eclampsia is seen in severe form. The dose schedule of diazepam, as described in this study, shows the therapy to have a stabilizing effect on hypertension and pulse rate. It causes neither respiratory depression nor oliguria. Diazepam is an effective muscle relaxant. Its depressive effect on the newborn is in no way inferior to that of lytic cocktail therapy. The drug is readily available at low cost, even in the remote rural areas, and can be easily administered by any doctor or midwife. PMID- 42588 TI - Breech presentations in a sample of Colombian hospitals. AB - All the breech presentations that occurred in a large sample of data on obstetric deliveries from a random sample of urban hospitals in Colombia are examined. The 463 breeches are analyzed by age and parity of the mother, type of breech presentation (frank or footling) and type of delivery (vaginal or abdominal). The data suggest that abdominal delivery reduces perinatal mortality although cell values are too small to adequately control for birth weight. PMID- 42589 TI - Dietary iron intake of pregnant Nigerian women with anemia. AB - The daily dietary iron intake of nine pregnant Nigerian women with confirmed iron deficiency anemia was determined. The daily dietary iron intake from hospital meals served to ten other pregnant women was also assessed to serve as a control. The mean daily iron intake of the group of anemic patients on home diet was 14.6 mg (range of individual means = 8.37-25.28 mg), whereas the group of patients served hospital meals had a mean daily dietary iron intake of 36.92 mg (range of individual means = 25.09-46.47 mg). It is, therefore, clear that the etiology of iron deficiency in the patients studied was mainly dietary. Thus, our pregnant patients, many of whom are on diets similar to those of the group studied, should receive iron supplements during pregnancy. PMID- 42590 TI - Antimicrobial activity of amniotic fluid obtained vaginally. AB - Twenty-nine amniotic fluid samples were aspirated from pregnant women at term (38 40 weeks' gestation) by tapping the bulging membrane vaginally, and their effects on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were studied. Inhibition rates were 72.41% for E coli, 68.96% for S aureus and 79.31% for C albicans. Two samples (6.90%) affected only a single organism, 18 (62.07%) affected two organisms and eight (27.59%) affected all three. Only one sample (3.45%) had no inhibitory effect on the microorganisms studied. Thus, 28 of 29 samples (96.55%) inhibited the growth of at least one of the microorganisms tested. These results are also significant because there is a high risk of contamination of amniotic fluid samples obtained through the vaginal route, although they can be obtained easier that way than through amniocentesis. PMID- 42591 TI - International forum update: depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and endometrial carcinoma. AB - In response to a recent report (Fam Plann Perspect 11: 47, 1979) that two of 12 rhesus monkeys given 50 times the human dose of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), by body weight, for ten years had developed endometrial carcinoma (CA), a retrospective survey of all hospital admissions for proven endometrial CA in two Thai provinces where DMPA contraceptive injections have been widely used since 1965 was made. From 1974 through 1978, 16 women were hospitalized with confirmed diagnoses of endometrial CA. None of the nine women successfully followed up had previously used oral or injectable contraceptives, nor has the recorded incidence of endometrial CA increased in these provinces. Base on the available evidence, the authors conclude that (a) the data on monkeys given very large doses of DMPA for ten years do not apply to women given normal doses of DMPA for prolonged periods and (b) widespread and long-term use of DMPA can and should be continued. PMID- 42592 TI - The mode of action of modern tranquilizers from the benzodiazepine group: a clinical view. PMID- 42593 TI - The effect of a single dose of quazepam (Sch-16134) on the sleep of chronic insomniacs. AB - The present study evaluated the efficacy of 25 mg of quazepam, a new benzodiazepine hypnotic, in a population of chronic insomniacs. The results indicate that a single dose (25 mg) administered for one night was efficacious when measured both objectively by polysomnographic recording and subjectively by questionnaire with no reported side-effects. The change in the objective measures paralleled the direction of change in subjective measures. Sleep efficiency and sleep maintenance were improved without EEG changes in Stages 2, 3-4, and REM. Further study is needed to evaluate the effects of chronic administration of different doses of quazepam in chronic insomniacs. PMID- 42594 TI - Pentazocine suppositories versus pethidine injections in 500 patients with post operative pain. AB - Pentazocine (Fortral) suppositories (50 mg) were compared with pethidine (100 mg) by injection in 500 patients after general and gynaecological surgery. Pain was assessed by patients using a pain thermometer, (a modification of a visual analogue scale), and by observers using an adjectival scale. There was a good relationship between these methods. Good pain relief was obtained with both drugs and there was little difference between the treatments in moderate pain. Pethidine was faster and more effective, particularly in severe pain. There were fewer side-effects with pentazocine suppositories. They are a useful alternative to injections, especially in moderate pain. PMID- 42595 TI - Inhibition of adenylate cyclase by hormones and neurotransmitters. PMID- 42596 TI - Should we plan a general childhood vaccination against bacterial meningitis? AB - An estimation of the benefits of vaccination against bacterial meningitis are based on the age-specific incidence of meningitis caused by the different groups of meningococci, by Haemophilus influenzae and by pneumococci, and the known efficacy of the present polysaccharide vaccines against these agents. Since the incidence of bacterial meningitis is more than ten times higher below the age of five years that at a later age, vaccination at 1 1/2 years of age could prevent a large fraction of all cases. PMID- 42597 TI - Clinical investigation of serum deoxyribonuclease: I. Analysis of serum deoxyribonuclease activity in comparison with normal and after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. AB - Serum Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) micro-assay method was developed using 32P labelled E. coli DNA as substrate. The serum DNase showed maximum activity at pH 7.5. It required Mg+ for activity, and was inhibited by EDTA or EGTA. The enzyme was also inhibited by actin (60-65%) or bovine pancreatic DNase I antibody (40 45%). The serum DNase activity was markedly increased following endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) examination. These results imply that serum DNase activity is mostly at least 60-65% pancreatic DNase I. PMID- 42598 TI - Effects of bucolome and related barbiturate derivatives on the displacement of bilirubin from plasma albumin in vivo and in vitro. AB - Bucolome, one of barbiturate derivatives, lowers plasma bilirubin in Gilbert's syndrome without inductive effect on liver microsomal enzymes. To clarify the mechanism of this action, the study was performed concerning the effects of bucolome and five other closely related barbiturate derivatives including phenobarbital (PB) on plasma bilirubin in homozygous Gunn rats and on albumin bilirubin binding in vitro. When 15 mg/100 g of bucolome was administered to Gunn rats, remarkable drop in plasma bilirubin continued for more than 48 hrs. This decrease of bilirubin was returned to preinjection level after intravenous injection of albumin. Three Gunn rats died as a result of administration of 30 mg/100 g. This dose caused no pathological change in control rats. In in vitro study, bucolome displaced bilirubin from human albumin strongly. PB had almost no effect on the plasma bilirubin in Gunn rats and the in vitro action was very small. Among the barbiturate derivatives, compounds which have cyclohexyl radicals in N position showed stronger plasma bilirubin decreasing effects in Gunn rats. From these results, a strong action to displace bilirubin from plasma albumin is concluded as the mechanism of bucolome to decrease plasma bilirubin. PMID- 42599 TI - Aortitis syndrome associated with ulcerative colitis: report of a case. AB - A 43-year-old Japanese woman with asynchronous onset of ulcerative colitis and aortitis syndrome (Takayasu's arteritis) is reported. The possible relationship between the two disorders is discussed. PMID- 42600 TI - Proceedings of the 65th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology. From April 10th to 12th, 1979--Tokyo, Japan. PMID- 42601 TI - Double noradrenaline effect on nonelectrolyte permeability explained by alpha and beta receptors stimulation in frog skin. PMID- 42602 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of metal items intended for contact with food products]. PMID- 42603 TI - [Antipsychotic drug-induced paradoxical behavior]. PMID- 42604 TI - [Fever of unknown origin as a manifestation of Takayasu disease]. PMID- 42606 TI - Proceedings for the 12th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Branch of the International League against Epilepsy. PMID- 42605 TI - [Treatment of hypertension solely with beta adrenergic blockers--why not?]. PMID- 42607 TI - Abstracts of the 1st Annual Meeting of Japanese Society of Biological Psychiatry. PMID- 42608 TI - [Clinical application of a supplement to the extracorporal circulation to produce a pulsatile flow (author's transl)]. AB - Two groups of patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, who underwent aortocoronary bypass operation, were perfused with nonpulsatile flow during extracorporeal circulation (ECC) using membrane oxygenators. One group (MO) was used as a control, while for the other group (PAD) a Pulsatile Assist Device in the arterial line was employed. This apparatus consists of a balloon of 80 ml placed inside a rigid housing. The balloon is compressed by pressurized air or expanded by vacuum supplied by a driving console. The apparatus produced pulse amplitudes between 30 and 50 mm of mercury. Other than a very short-lasting fall in mean arterial pressure, thus showing diminished peripheral resistance, no perceptable advantages were found. Base excess and pH-changes showed no differences, also the given amount of sodium bicarbonate in both groups was the same. On the other hand significantly higher hemolyses took place, increasing with the duration of pulsation. The application of the apparatus as an arterial counterpulsator was possible with limitation in only 5 of 15 patients. In all other patients after a short time massive blood foaming developed in the PAD and the attempts had to be stopped because of the risk of gas embolism. In our opinion this apparatus is an unnecessary supplement to the ECC and as an arterial counterpulsator it seems too dangerous. PMID- 42609 TI - Correlation of calcium and acid-base metabolism. PMID- 42610 TI - Regulation of the induction of alkaline phosphatase in choriocarcinoma cells by sodium butyrate. AB - Alkaline phosphatase is induced in human choriocarcinoma cells by short-chain fatty acids, especially sodium butyrate. This fatty acid increases the phosphatase activity immediately and in a nearly linear fashion. Only phosphatase with an alkaline pH optimum is induced. Both the induced alkaline phosphatase and the basal enzyme are precipitated by antiserum against term-placental alkaline phosphatase, but the choriocarcinoma phosphatase is less stable to heating than is the term-placental enzyme. The induction of alkaline phosphatase activity requires cellular synthesis of protein, RNA and DNA. The regulation of induction probably occurs at the transcriptional level. PMID- 42611 TI - Modification of response of mouse neuroblastoma cells in culture by serum type. AB - The effect of various types of serum on morphological and biochemical changes in mouse neuroblastoma cells (clone NBP2) in culture was studied. The extent of spontaneous morphological differentiation varied markedly depending upon the type of serum and was maximal in agammaglobulin calf serum (CS). The extent of morphological differentiation after treatment of cells with cyclic AMP stimulating agents was also dependent upon serum type and was least pronounced in fetal calf serum. The doubling time and extent of clumping varied with the type of serum. The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in NB cells was dependent upon serum type and it was highest in newborn CS and agammaglobulin CS. Although elevation of intracellular levels of cyclic AMP in NBP2 clone invariably stimulates neurite formation and TH activity, these functions were increased in certain sera without a significant increase in the cellular cyclic AMP levels. The present study shows that neurite formation, growth rate and TH activity are regulated by more than one mode, one of which is mediated by cyclic AMP. The above changes are independently regulated in the sense that the expression of one can be increased in the absence of others. PMID- 42612 TI - Beta receptor blockers on ergometric work in hypertensive patients. PMID- 42613 TI - Immunochemical characterization of esterase active antigens in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 42614 TI - Simple purification of goat IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses by chromatography on protein A-sepharose at various pH. PMID- 42615 TI - Rabbit anti-EL4 serum. A reagent which discriminates between murine cytotoxic and suppressor cells. AB - Antisera against the C57B1 (H-2b) mouse lymphoma, EL4, were prepared in rabbits. After absorption with mouse liver, red cells and thymocytes, the antisera appeared to be cytotoxic for a subpopulation of peripheral T cells. The absorbed antisera blocked the immunosuppressive function observed when spleen cells from mice undergoing a graft versus host reaction were added to cells responding in vitro to sheep erythrocytes. This antiserum was unreactive against the cytotoxic cells also induced in this system. These results substantiate our previous finding that these antisera are specific for T-suppressor as opposed to T-helper or cytotoxic lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 42616 TI - Urinary gamma glutamyl transpeptidase in health & disease. PMID- 42617 TI - Morphine-induced catalepsy in rat: Role of putative neurotransmitters. PMID- 42618 TI - Factors influencing the rate and extent of in vitro demineralization. PMID- 42619 TI - Short-term mutagenicity test systems for detecting carcinogens. Report of an International Symposium in Dortmund. PMID- 42620 TI - [Investigations on physiological and biochemical indicators for differentiation of mental and emotional strain in psychical efforts (author's transl)]. PMID- 42621 TI - Reentrainment of diurnal variation of psychological and physiological performance at the end of a slowly rotated shift system in hospital workers. PMID- 42622 TI - Trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor from chick peas. Selective chemical modifications of the inhibitor and isolation of two isoinhibitors. AB - The trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor from chick peas (CI) is stable in HCl 0.001 M -- 0.01 M and in KOH 0.01 M -- 0.05 M even after 24 h. Increased KOH concentrations decrease considerably the inhibitory activity already after 1 h. Maleyation and succinylation of the inhibitor resulted in almost full loss of its trypsin-inhibitory activity but had no effect on the chymotrypsin-inhibitory activity. A series of modifications directed towards tyrosyl residues showed that iodination influenced only the chymotrypsin-inhibitory activity; however, nitration and arsanilation affected not only the chymotrypsin-inhibitory activity but also the trypsin-inhibitory activity. Treatment of the inhibitor with CNBr and chloramine T resulted only in a decrease in the chymotrypsin-inhibitory activity indicating that the only methionine is involved in the chymotrypsin inhibitory activity. When CI-fragment A, previously treated with trypsin at pH 3.75, was further treated with carboxypeptidase B, a release of three lysyl residues per mole protein was found. CI was separated by equilibrium chromatography on SP-Sephadex column into two isoinhibitors, CII and CIII, respectively. Both inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin with the same specific activity as CI. They differed from each other only in a glutamyl, aspartyl, glycyl and alanyl residue. PMID- 42623 TI - A new arylating agent, 2-carboxy-4,6-dinitrochlorobenzene. Reaction with model compounds and bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. AB - The reagent 2-carboxy-4,6-dinitrochlorobenzene (CDNCB) reacts with the imino, amino and sulfhydryl groups of model compounds. At pH 8.2, sulfhydryl groups react much faster than do amines. N alpha-Acetylhistidine, N alpha-acetyltyrosine and N alpha-acetyltryptophan do not react. Poly(L-Lysine) and poly(DL-lysine) react about 50 times as fast as does N alpha-acetyllysine. A dichloroanalog, 6 carboxy-2,4-dinitro-1,3-dichlorobenzene, shows stepwise reactivity with amines. With bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, which contains no sulfhydryl, CDNCB reacts preferentially with the epsilon-amino of Lys-41 at 450 times the rate with the epsilon-amino of N alpha-acetyllysine. The preferential reactivity at Lys-41 is discussed in relation to the pK of Ly-41, the cationic character of the active site cleft, and the mechanism of RNAase action on substrates. PMID- 42624 TI - Solid phase synthesis of the protected 27--42 hexadecapeptide of the heavy chain from myeloma immunoglobulin M603. Elimination of side reactions associated with glycyl-2-oxypropionyl-resin. AB - A fully protected 27--42 hexadecapeptide of the variable region of myeloma immunoglobulin M603 was synthesized on a 2-bromopropionyl-resin by the solid phase method. Side reactions due to cyclization of glycyl-2-oxypropionyl-resin were studied under different reaction conditions. The loss of peptide chains at the dipeptide and tripeptide stages due to diketopeperazine formation was also examined. These side reactions were circumvented by using a combination of fragment and stepwise coupling methods. The synthesized protected peptide was removed from the resin in 85% yield by photolysis, and purified by crystallization and by chromatography on a Sephadex LH-60 column. PMID- 42625 TI - Studies on trypsin inhibitors. Part IX. Synthesis and trypsin inhibitory activity of the duopentacontapeptide corresponding to the amino acid sequence of porcine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor II (Kazal). AB - The synthesis of the protected duopentacontapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence I-52 of porcine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor II (Kazal type) is described. The benzyloxycarbonyltetradecapeptide tert butyloxycarbonylhydrazide (sequence 1-14) was selectively deblocked with trifluoroacetic acid and used to acylate, by the azide procedure, the peptide free base corresponding to the sequence 15-52. The isolated material was purified by ion exchange chromatography and the protecting groups were removed by successive treatments with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, 1 M piperidine and mercuric acetate. F02M phosphate buffer, pH8. Determination of the inhibitory capacity indicated that the synthetic material is about 50% effective, at 30:1 inhibitor:trypsin molar ratio in inhibiting the tryptic hydrolysis of Nalpha benzoyl-DL-arginine-4-nitroanilide. Full inhibition was achieved at a higher inhibitor:trypsin molar ratio. The stability constants and the standard free energy of binding of the complex between trypsin and the synthetic inhibitor have been determined. PMID- 42626 TI - At our pleasure. PMID- 42627 TI - Therapy-resistant depressions. Symposium held at the 6th World Congress of Psychiatry, Honolulu, Hawaii, 28 August-3 September 1977. PMID- 42628 TI - Effects on learning and memory of 2-week treatments with chlordiazepoxide lactam, N-desmethyldiazepam, oxazepam and methyloxazepam, alone or in combination with alcohol. AB - A double-blind study with 40 healthy students was done in order to measure the effects of a 2-week treatment with chloridiazepoxide lactam (5 mg), nordiazepam (10 mg), oxazepam (15 mg) and methyloxazepam (20 mg) on immediate memory and associative learning. The drugs were administered t.i.d. and the tests were done after the very last capsule was given. It was ingested with a placebo drink and 0.5 g alcohol/kg body weight. Oxazepam and methyloxazepam alone behaved similar to the placebo. Immediate memory was significantly impaired following the treatment with nordiazepam, chlordiazepoxide lactam, alcohol, and after the simultaneous administration of nordiazepam and chlordiazepoxide lactam with alcohol. Chlordiazepoxide lactam was the only drug which alone impaired associative learning. Also alcohol alone, and all the drugs in combination with alcohol retarded learning acquisition. PMID- 42629 TI - [Influence of diagnosis, hospital and sex on the effects of bromperidol]. AB - Based on the data analysis of the AMP-findings of 78 schizophrenic patients from 4 clinical trials, the following effects of Bromperidol could be demonstrated: a strong antipsychotic effect with an early onset (after 3 days), little sedation, good improvement of accompanying depressive symptoms, little autonomic but rather strong extrapyramidal side effects. No differences between the effects in men and women were noticed. Differences between the patient populations of two hospitals were small in comparison to the differences between the patients with catatonic and paranoid schizophrenia. In catatonic patients, Bromperidol had a stronger antipsychotic effect and showed an earlier onset of its effects. PMID- 42630 TI - The glutathione status of cells. PMID- 42631 TI - Oxidation of D-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid by hog kidney D-aminoacid oxidase. AB - D-Thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid is a good substrate for hog kidney D-aminoacid oxidase. Data are presented showing that the only oxidation product is delta 3 thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid, which does not undergo further spontaneous degradation. Thus, the oxidation of D-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid by D aminoacid oxidase differs considerably from the oxidation of its L-isomer catalyzed by rat liver mitochondria which gives as final product N-formylcystine, possibly through the intermediate delta 2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid. PMID- 42632 TI - Main properties of ox kidney uricase. AB - The main properties of ox kidney uricase have been characterized. Optimum pH and temperature, molecular weight, isoelectric point and u.v. absorption spectrum have been determined, and the behaviour with inhibitors, as well as with antibodies, has been studied. The enzyme is very similar to pig liver uricase, so that the possibility of their complete identity must be taken in consideration. PMID- 42633 TI - Electron-microscopic localization of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase in cells of Claviceps purpurea. PMID- 42634 TI - Composition of cerebral fluids in goats adapted to high altitude. AB - We explored the ionic composition of cerebral interstitial fluid (cISF) in six unanesthetized goats at sea level (SL) and again after 5 days at a simulated high altitude (HA) of 4,300 m. By measuring net transependymal fluxes of HCO3-, Cl-, and lactate during ventriculocisternal perfusions with lactate-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with various [HCO3-] and [Cl-], we determined [HCO3-] and [Cl-] in the inflowing perfusate that produced zero flux, which are estimates of the concentrations of these ions in cISF. Ventilatory acclimatization to HA was established in the goats with alkaline shift in cisternal CSF pH. At SL zero flux of HCO3- and of Cl- occurred when [HCO3-] and [Cl-] in the perfusate were equal to those in CSF. At HA Cl- flux again was zero when [Cl-] in perfusate and in the goat's own CSF were equal; however, for HCO3-, zero flux occurred at HA when [HCO3-] in perfusate was significantly lower than in CSF. Mean transependymal washout of lactate was 16 times larger at HA than at SL. We conclude that at SL [HCO3-] and [Cl-] in CSF were the same as in cISF. In goats adapted to HA [Cl-] in cISF and in CSF were again equal, whereas [HCO3-] in cISF was lower and [lactate] presumably higher than in CSF. The fluid surrounding the central chemoreceptors appears to be more acidic in goats acclimatized to HA than at SL despite the alkalosis in cisternal CSF. This may contribute to ventilatory acclimatization to HA. PMID- 42635 TI - Immobilization of coyotes with ketamine and propiomazine. PMID- 42636 TI - Osteomyelitis and arthritis in a caribou. PMID- 42637 TI - The effect of changes in endolymphatic ion concentrations on the tectorial membrane. AB - The development of a new preparation technique has allowed the effects of fluid substitution experiments on the tectorial membrane (t.m.) to be studied morphologically and not only, as previously, electrophysiologically. The organ of Corti and t.m. were examined in situ, unfixed and with in vivo-like ionic conditions under light-microscopical control (differential-interference-contrast, magnification 400--800X). An irreversible shrinkage of the marginal and middle zones of the t.m. was observed under the influence of Na+ ions (substitution of endolymph with artificial perilymph). This shrinkage is also seen in specimens prepared for scanning electron microscopy after perfusion of scale media with perilymph. If endolymph is replaced by an isotonic solution of EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetate) the t.m. can swell in its vestibulo-tympanal extent, e.g. from 39 to 72 microns. This swelling is reversible on addition of CaCl2. Although the size of the t.m. is not influenced to any great extent by changes in fluid osmolarity, reduction of H+ ion concentration leads to a minimal state of hydration of the protobril system at pH 4.3 (i.e. region of isoelectric point). The mechanism of Na+ and Ca2+ effects are discussed. These results indicate that the subtectorial space is morphologically separated from the scala media proper by the marginal zone. PMID- 42638 TI - Separation and partial characterization of two deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases from Spiroplasma citri. AB - The separation and partial characterization of two deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases from Spiroplasma citri have been achieved. The two enzymes had different elution properties on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose and differed in their sensitivity to N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), preference for different template primers, and sedimentation velocity in linear glycerol gradients. The first enzyme activity, ScA, was retained on DEAE-cellulose and was not inhibited by NEM. Activated deoxyribonucleic acid and poly(dA)-oligo(dT12) were the preferred template-primers. Arabinosyl-cytidine triphosphate had no effect. The sedimentation coefficient of ScA was 6.3s. The second activity, ScB, was not retained on DEAE-cellulose and was inhibited by NEM. Poly(dA)-oligo(dT12) was the preferred template-primer, whereas activated DNA was only poorly utilized. ScB was not affected by arabinosyl-cytidine triphosphate, and its sedimentation coefficient was 4.4s. The polymerization activities of the two enzymes were maximum at 37 to 40 degrees C. PMID- 42639 TI - Isolation and properties of the protease from the wild-type and mutant strains of Pseudomonas fragi. AB - A simplified procedure for the purification of the extracellular protease of Pseudomonas fragi was developed. The enzyme was isolated from a derepressed mutant producing 40 times the enzyme level of the parental organism. It was collected from culture filtrates by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and it was obtained in pure form by single chromatography on a column of diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The protease had a molecular weight of 52,000 as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and had properties of a classical neutral endopeptidase with the exception of its substrate specificity. Mutants of P. fragi producing proteases of altered substrate specificities were isolated from plates containing elastin as the sole carbon source. The SP-Sephadex elution patterns of enzymes extracted from each mutant examined were complex, suggesting that either the enzyme was autodigested or several active forms could be generated from a common precursor. The substrate specificities of the mutant enzymes were different from that produced by the parental strain. PMID- 42640 TI - Allantoate transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Allantoate uptake appears to be mediated by an energy-dependent active transport system with an apparent Michaelis constant of about 50 microM. Cells were able to accumulate allantoate to greater than 3,000 times the extracellular concentration. The rate of accumulation was maximum at pH 5.7 to 5.8. The energy source for allantoate uptake is probably different from that for uptake of the other allantoin pathway intermediates. The latter systems are inhibited by arsenate, fluoride, dinitrophenol, and carboxyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, whereas allantoate accumulation was sensitive to only dinitrophenol and carboxyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone. Efflux of preloaded allanotate did not occur at detectable levels. However, exchange of intra- and extracellular allantoate was found to occur very slowly. The latter two characteristics are shared with the allantoin uptake system and may result from the sequestering of intracellular allantoate within the cell vacuole. During the course of these studies, we found that, contrary to earlier reports, the reaction catalyzed by allantoinase is freely reversible. PMID- 42641 TI - Manganese, an essential trace element for N2 fixation by Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas capsulata: role in nitrogenase regulation. AB - Nitrogenase (N(2)ase) from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum can exist in two forms, an unregulated form (N(2)ase A) and a regulatory form (N(2)ase R), the latter being identified in vitro by its need for activation by a Mn(2+)-dependent N(2)ase activating system. The physiological significance of this Mn(2+)-dependent N(2)ase activating system was suggested here by observations that growth of R. rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas capsulata on N(2) gas (a condition that produces active N(2)ase R) required Mn(2+), but growth on ammonia or glutamate did not. Manganese could not be shown to be required for the biosynthesis of either nitrogenase or glutamine synthetase or for glutamine synthetase turnover, but it was required for the in vitro activation of N(2)ases from N(2) and glutamate-grown R. rubrum and R. capsulata cells. Chromatium N(2)ase, in contrast, was always fully active and did not require Mn(2+) activation, suggesting that only the purple nonsulfur bacteria are capable of controlling their N(2)ase activity by this new type of regulatory system. Although R. rubrum could not substitute Fe(2+) for Mn(2+) in the in vivo N(2) fixation process, Fe(2+) and, to a lesser extent, Co(2+) could substitute for Mn(2+) in the in vitro activation of N(2)ase. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of buffer-washed R. rubrum chromatophores showed lines characteristic of Mn(2+). Removal of the Mn(2+)-dependent N(2)ase activating factor by a salt wash of the chromatophores removed 90% of the Mn(2+), which suggested a specific coupling of this metal to the activating factor. The data presented here all indicate that Mn(2+) plays an important physiological role in regulating the N(2) fixation process by these photosynthetic bacteria. PMID- 42642 TI - Studies on regulatory functions of malic enzymes. VII. Structural and functional characteristics of sulfhydryl groups in NADP-linked malic enzyme from Escherichia coli W. AB - NADP-linked malic enzyme from Escherichia coli W contains 7 cysteinyl residues per enzyme subunit. The reactivity of sulfhydryl (SH) groups of the enzyme was examined using several SH reagents, including 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM). 1. Two SH groups in the native enzyme subunit reacted with DTNB (or NEM) with different reaction rates, accompanied by a complete loss of the enzyme activity. The second-order modification rate constant of the "fast SH group" with DTNB coincided with the second-order inactivation rate constant of the enzyme by the reagent, suggesting that modification of the "fast SH group" is responsible for the inactivation. When the enzyme was denatured in 4 M guanidine HCl, all the SH groups reacted with the two reagents. 2. Althoug the inactivation rate constant was increased by the addition of Mg2+, an essential cofactor in the enzyme reaction, the modification rate constant of the "fast SH group" was unaffected. The relationship between the number of SH groups modified with DTNB or NEM and the residual enzyme activity in the absence of Mg2+ was linear, whereas that in the presence of Mg2+ was concave-upwards. These results suggest that the Mg2+-dependent increase in the inactivation rate constant is not the result of an increase in the rate constant of the "fast FH group" modification. 3. The absorption spectrum of the enzyme in the ultraviolet region was changed by addition of Mg2+. The dissociation constant of the Mg2+ enzyme complex obtained from the Mg2+- dependent increment of the difference absorption coincided with that obtained from the Mg2+- dependent enhancement of NEM inactivation. 4. Both the inactivation rate constant and the modification rate constant of the "fast SH group" were decreased by the addition of NADP+. The protective effect of NADP+ was increased by the addition of Mg2+. Based on the above results, the effects of Mg2+ on the SH-group modification are discussed from the viewpoint of conformational alteration of the enzyme. PMID- 42643 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase of Escherichia coli. Affinity labeling with bromopyruvate. AB - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase [EC 4.1.1.31] from Escherichia coli W was alkylated by incubation with bromopyruvate, substrate analog, leading to irreversible inactivation. The reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Mg2+, an essential cofactor for catalysis, enhanced the inactivation, and the enhancing effect increased as the pH increased. The inactivation rate showed a tendency to saturate with increasing concentrations of bromopyruvate, indicating that an enzyme-bromopyruvate complex was formed prior to the alkylation. DL Phospholactate, a potent competitive inhibitor with respect to phosphoenolpyruvate, protected the enzyme from inactivation in a competitive manner. Examination of the acid hydrolysate of the enzyme modified with [14C]bromopyruvate by paper chromatography showed that radioactivity was solely incorporated into carboxyhydroxyethyl cysteine. In addition, determination of sulfhydryl groups of the native and modified enzymes with 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoate) showed that inactivation occurred concomitant with the modification of one cysteinyl residue per subunit. The results indicate that bromopyruvate reacted with the enzyme as an active-site-directed reagent. PMID- 42644 TI - Preparation and characterization of an active lysozyme derivative: Kyn 62 lysozyme. AB - A novel method for the preparation of Kyn 62-lysozyme, in which tryptophan 62 is replaced by kynurenine, is reported. Hen egg-white lysozyme was ozonized in aqueous solution to yield one N'-formylkynurenine residue and deformylated with hydrochloric acid in frozen solution at -10 degrees C. Crude Kyn 62-lysozyme was purified by affinity and Bio Rex 70 chromatography successively. Kyn 62-lysozyme retains affinity for chitin and is essentially an active enzyme with a slightly weakened but distinct catalytic activity. After this modification, the enzyme activity was changed differently depending on the kind of substrate. At the individual optimum pH's, lytic activity was largely retained (80% active), but the catalytic efficiency for hydrolyzing glycol chitin was relatively low (30% active). Lysis of M. lysodeikticus cell suspensions was optimally catalyzed by Kyn 62-lysozyme at pH 6.2 and at 0.088 ionic strength. These values are lower by 1.3 pH unit and 0.04 ionic strength, respectively, than those of intact lysozyme. The optimum pH and ionic strength for the hydrolysis of neutral substrates were scarcely affected. These results suggest the significance of electrostatic interaction in the lysis of lysozyme. Relatively limited loss of activity induced by modification of the 62nd residue, which is thought to participate directly in the binding of the substrate at subsite C, is discussed on the basis of the similarity of side chain structure in tryptophan and kynurenine. PMID- 42645 TI - A neutral proteinase of monkey liver microsomes. Solubilization, partial purification, and properties. AB - Conditions for the solubilization of membrane-bound neutral proteinase associated with monkey liver microsomes were investigated. Among the reagents tested, deoxycholate, cholate, and some nonionic detergents, including Triton X-100, with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values of around 13, were effective. The solubilization profile indicated that the enzyme is bound to the microsomal membranes by strong hydrophobic interaction. The enzyme was partially purified from monkey liver microsomal fraction, previously washed with 1 M KCl and 0.05% sodium dodecyl sulfate, by Triton X-100 extraction, followed by chromatography on columns of hydroxylapatite and Sepharose CL-6B. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 88,000 from the elution position on Sepharose CL-6B column chromatography in the presence of 0.5% sodium cholate. It was optimally active at pH 8.0 with heat-denatured casein as a substrate. It was strongly inhibited by diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, indicating that the enzyme is a serine proteinase. EDTA, EGTA, and chymostatin also inhibited the enzyme strongly. Among urea-denatured protein substrates tested, calf thymus histone was hydrolyzed most rapidly, followed by casein, hemoglobin, and bovine serum albumin, whereas practically no hydrolysis occurred with denatured ovalbumin, fibrinogen, and gamma-globulin as substrates. PMID- 42646 TI - Terbium as a fluorescent probe for analysis of the nature of Ca2+-binding sites of rat intestinal mucosal membranes. PMID- 42647 TI - Electron microscopic analysis of tropomyosin paracrystals. AB - Negatively stained images of divalent cation-induced tropomyosin paracrystals show polymorphic patterns which are almost bipolar. Although these bipolar forms are naturally due to antiparallel arrays of molecules, the precise molecular arrangements have not been clarified yet except in the case of one type of these polymorphic paracrystals by Stewart and McLachlan [(1976) J. Mol. Biol. 103, 251- 269]. In the previous paper we showed that the lead-induced polar paracrystal is a parallel and in-register array of tropomyosin molecules. Moreover, we have made it possible to locate a given residue on the staining pattern. By overlapping two photographic transparencies of the polar paracrystal antiparallel, directly observed images of polymorphic bipolar paracrystals could be synthesized photographically with fidelity. The overlap length between N-terminals of antiparallel pairs of molecules could be easily determined without any assumptions. Next, we considered the stabilizing forces involved in the morphogenesis of such polymorphic paracrystals. The cation-bridged attractive forces already proposed by some groups were insufficient to account for the stability of some specific forms of tropomyosin paracrystals. From the primary amino acid sequence of tropomyosin, we calculated the changes of repulsive forces between the basic residues with changes of molecular overlap length between the N terminals of antiparallel pairs. By setting the values of charge appropriately, we could account well for the stability of the polymorphic structures observed by electron microscopy. PMID- 42648 TI - Enzymatic properties of neuraminidases from Arthrobacter ureafaciens. AB - Neuraminidase I and neuraminidase II from Arthrobacter ureafaciens were characterized. As determined by gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 44, the molecular weights of neuraminidases I and II were 51,000 and 39,000, respectively. Neuraminidases I and II were similar to each other in their enzymatic properties except for the substrate specificities towards gangliosides and erythrocyte stroma. Their optimal pHs were between 5.0 and 5.5 with N-acetylneuraminosyl lactose or bovine submaxillary mucin as substrates, but with colominic acid as a substrate, the pH optimum was between 4.3 and 4.5. They were most active around 53 degrees C, were stable between pH 6.0 and 9.0, and were thermostable up to 50 degrees C. They did not require Ca2+ for activity and were not inhibited by EDTA. They were inhibited only slightly or not at all by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid of Hg2+. Both neuraminidases I and II were able to hydrolyze the alpha-ketosidic linkage of N-glycolylneuraminic acid as well as that of N-acetylneuraminic acid, and were able to liberate substantially all of the sialic acid from various kinds of substrates. However, they cleaved only about 50% of the sialic acid from bovine submaxillary mucin. The saponification of bovine submaxillary mucin by mild alkali treatment, on the other hand, resulted in an increased susceptibility to the neuraminidases and brought about the complete liberation of sialic acid. Remarkable differences were observed between neuraminidases I and II as regards substrate specificities on gangliosides; the initial rate of hydrolysis by neuraminidase I was 74 times, and its maximum velocity constant was 91 times those of neuraminidase II. The addition of sodium cholate markedly stimulated the enzymatic hydrolysis of gangliosides, and increased the maximum velocity constant of neuraminidase I twofold and that of neuraminidase II 143-fold. Although neuraminidases I and II were able to hydrolyze (alpha,2-3), (alpha,2-6), and (alpha,2-8) linkages, the initial rate of hydrolysis of N-acetylneuraminosyl alpha,2-6-lactose was greater than that of the alpha,2-3-isomer. PMID- 42649 TI - The contractile basis of ameboid movement. VI. The solation-contraction coupling hypothesis. AB - The contracted pellets derived from a high-speed supernate of Dictyostelium discoideum (S3) were investigated to determine the functional activity associated with this specific subset of the cellular motile apparatus. A partially purified model system of gelation and contraction (S6) was prepared from the contracted pellets, and the presence of calcium- and pH-sensitive gelation and contraction in this model demonstrated that a functional cytoskeletal-contratile complex remained at least partially associated with the actin and myosin during contraction. Semi-quantitative assays of gelation and solation in the myosin-free preparation S6 included measurements of turbidity, relative viscosity, and strain birefringence. The extent of gelation was optimal at pH 6.8 and a free calcium ion concentration of approximately 3.0 x 10(-8) M. Solation was favored when the free calcium ion concentration was greater than 7.6 x 10(-7) M or when the pH was increased or decreased from pH 6.8. Gelation was reversibly inhibited by increasing the free calcium ion concentration to approxomately 4.6 x 10(-6) M at pH 6.8. The solation-gelation process of this model has been interpreted to involve the reversible cross-linking of actin filaments. The addition of purified D. discoideum myosin to S6 served to reconstitute calcium- and pH-regulated contraction. The results from this study indicate that contraction is coupled functionally to the local breakdown (solation) of the gel. Therefore, solation has been identified as a structural requirement for extensive shortening during contraction. We have called this concept the solation-contraction coupling hypothesis. Fractionation of a preparation derived from the contracted pellets yielded a fraction consisting of actin and a 95,000-dalton polypeptide that exhibited calcium-sensitive gelation at 28 degrees C and a fraction composed of actin and 30,000- and 18,000-dalton polypeptides that demonstrated calcium sensitive genlation at 0 degrees C. PMID- 42650 TI - An evaluation of 12 methods for the demonstration of penicillinase. AB - Twelve methods for the demonstration of bacterial penicillinase production by strains of Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus are compared, and their suitability for routine clinical laboratory use is evaluated. The acidometric agar plate method is recommended. PMID- 42651 TI - Combined immunodeficiency and thymic abnormalities. PMID- 42652 TI - Anatomy and ultrastructure of the axons and terminals of neurons R3-R14 in Aplysia. AB - Using light and electron microscopy and autoradiography, we have traced the axons of neurons R3-R14 in the parietovisceral ganglion (PVG) of Aplysia to terminal fields associated with vascular tissue. The axons are identified by their large size (15-30 micrometer diameter), extensive glial infolding, characteristic dense core vesicles (DCV; approximately 180 nm diameter), and specific, rapid uptake of 3H-glycine. Each neuron in this homogeneous group sends an axon via the branchial nerve to the pericardial region surrounding the junction of the efferent gill vein and the heart. R14 also sends axons to major arteries near the PVG. The R3 R14 axons branch extensively; we estimate that there are at least several hundred per cell. Branches along axons in the branchial nerve exit the nerve, subdivide, and end blindly in the sheath which is bathed by hemolymph. Similar blind endings from R3R14 occur in the sheath of the PVG (Coggeshall, '67). Axonal branches in the pericardial region and the special R14 axons in the arterial walls form both varicose endings near and terminals in contact with vasvular smooth muscle. All R3-R14 endings are free of glia, packed with DCV, show occasional omega-shaped profiles and rapidly take up 3H-glycine. R3-R14 manufacture specific low molecular weight peptides (Gainer and Wollberg, '74), and both the cell bodies (Iliffe et al., '77) and the germinals contain unusually high concentrations of glycine. The presence of peptides as putative neurohormones and sheath endings (neurohormonal release areas) are consistent with R3-R14 being neurosecretory (Coggeshall et al., '66). While glycine could not be a circulating hormone due to its high circulating levels (Iliffe et al., '77), glycine could act as a local chemical messenger between R3-R14 and smooth muscle. The terminal morphology of R3-R14 is consistent with these neurons having both synaptic-type and neurosecretory-type functions. PMID- 42653 TI - Reversal of innate aversions: attempts to induce a preference for chili peppers in rats. AB - Although humans frequently develop preferences for innately unpalatable bitter or irritant substances, such preferences are extremely rare in animals. An attempt was made to understand the nature of this difference by systematic experiments with laboratory rats, with chili pepper as the unpalatable substance. In parallel with major aspects of the human experience with chili pepper, rats were exposed to it as a flavoring in all their food for periods up to 11 mo from birth, without significant preference enhancement. Gradual introduction of chili into the diet also had no effect, nor did a series of poisoning and safety experiences designed to teach the rats that only chili-flavored foods were safe to eat. A sequence of seven pairings of chili-flavored diet with prompt recovery from thiamine deficiency did significantly attenuate the innate aversion and may have induced a chili preference in at least one case. Extensive experience with chili did not reliably make rats much less sensitive to its oral effects. The only reliable way to eliminate chili aversion in rats is to destroy their chemical irritant sense, which was accomplished in one group of rats. It is concluded that in contrast to humans, it is extremely difficult to reverse innate aversions in rats. PMID- 42654 TI - Low strength anthralin in psoriasis. AB - Anthralin in low concentrations (0.01%--0.03%) was applied in an ointment form once per day in the hospital to 130 psoriasis patients. The treatment program included also the use of UVB light, emollients and bath oil and an antihistamine. Clearing of psoriasis was achieved in all patients in an average time of 4 weeks. The involution of the lesions was carefully studied by correlated clinical observations, light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Striking healing of the holes in the stratum corneum and of the gaps in the basement membrane occurred. Low strength anthralin, in addition to its effectiveness, did not produce irritation, staining or side-effects. PMID- 42655 TI - Spectrum of lupus erythematosus. PMID- 42656 TI - International symposium on surface and colloid phenomena in the oral cavity. State University of Groningen, the Netherlands, 18, 19 May 1978 organized by The Research Group on Surface and Colloid Phenomena in the Oral Cavity under the auspices of the Council of Europe. PMID- 42657 TI - Zeta potentials of enamel and apatites. PMID- 42659 TI - pH gradient elution of human IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 from protein A-sepharose. AB - Pooled human serum having a normal IgG subclass content was chromatographed on a column of protein A-Sepharose. The immunoglobulins that bound to the column at pH 7.0 were eluted with a pH gradient generated by 3 equal volumes of citrate/phosphate buffer at pH 5.0, 4.5 and 2.2. The elution pattern consisted of two major overlapping peaks centered 0.4 pH units apart in the pH gradient; on average the first peak centered at pH 4.7, and the second centered at pH 4.3. Upon second passage of each component, single major peaks centered at the appropriate pH were seen. The subclass distributions of the re-chromatographed peaks were as follows: the high pH-eluting IgG contained less than 1% IgG1, 95% IgG2 and 5% IgG4; the low pH-eluting IgG contained 90% IgG1, 6% Ig2 and 5% IgG4. IgG3 does not bind to protein A and was thus absent from the pH gradient fractions. Chromatography on protein A-Sepharose provides a means for separating normal human IgG1 from IgG2 and may therefore prove useful as an additional tool for studying the relative biological role of these IgG subclasses. PMID- 42660 TI - Functional assay of the alternative complement pathway of rat serum. PMID- 42661 TI - [Symposium on major histocompatibility antigens (HLA) and diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 42662 TI - [Symposium on major histocompatibility antigens (HLA) and diseases. (4) HLA and disease-heart valular disease and aortitis syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 42664 TI - Proceedings of the Society for Endocrinology. One hundred and Fifty-seventh Meeting (Thirty-fourth Annual General Meeting). PMID- 42663 TI - [Symposium on major histocompatibility antigens (HLA) and diseases. Supplement: genetic factor in Takayasu disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 42665 TI - An experimental investigation into the possible origin of pancreatic islet cells from rhombencephalic neurectoderm. AB - To determine whether or not any pancreatic islet cell type arises from rhombencephalic levels of neurectoderm, lengths of presumptive rhombencephalon (containing potential neural crest) of Black Australorp chick embryos at 6- to 9 somite stages were replaced isotopically and isochronically by neural tube of Japanese quail embryos. Some transplants included mesencephalic regions. In some cases various levels of the rhombencephalon were deleted and not replaced. The quail nuclear marker was detected in cranial ganglia in operated embryos sacrificed at 3 3/4 days of incubation and in enteric ganglia and cells accompanying some pancreatic nerves, in embryos killed at 7 days of incubation. This provided evidence of normal migration of crest cells from the grafts. Dopa was administered to the younger embryos, which were submitted to the formaldehyde induced fluorescence procedure to demonstrate APUD (Amine Precursor Uptake and Decarboxylation) cells. No pancreatic APUD cells exhibited the quail nuclear marker. In 9- to 11-day embryos, A and B cells were identified by specific light and electron microscopic features. None showed the quail marker. The marker was also absent from those D cells seen and from cells of an as yet unidentified type, but not enough of these were found to warrant a conclusion. All islet cell types were found in embryos from which various levels of the rhombencephalon had been deleted. It is concluded that at least A and B islet cells are not derived from the rhombencephalic neurectoderm and probably not from mesencephalic levels. Their most likely origin remains the endoderm, which was the accepted source until recently. PMID- 42666 TI - Phenotypically determined resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to normal human serum: environmental factors in subcutaneous chambers in guinea pigs. AB - Some gonococci obtained from human urethral exudate or from subcutaneously implanted chambers in guinea pigs show a resistance to killing by human serum which is lost on sub-culture in vitro after a few generations. The environmental factors which may influence the phenotypic expression of resistance to serum killing were investigated in guinea pig chambers and in chamber fluid in vitro. The redox potential in chambers before and after infection was lower than that of heart blood but conditions were not anaerobic; H2O2 increased the redox potential but did not decrease gonococcal serum resistance. The chambers were slightly alkaline before and after infection. When the concentration of glucose (depleted in infected chambers by the abundant polymorphonuclear cells) was restored to excess, the serum resistance of the gonococci was unaffected. Concentrations of free amino acids in chambers changed little during infection. Gonococci adapted to growth in chambers and subsequently rendered serum-sensitive by growing once on agar reverted to serum-resistance after 0.5 to 1 h incubation in chamber fluid in vitro at 37 degrees C but not at 25 degrees C or 4 degrees C. After 16 to 24 h growth at 37 degrees C, resistance was again lost. The reversion to serum resistance did not occur in a complex laboratory medium. Examination of the chamber fluid after growth of gonococci in vitro showed depletion of lactate, glutamine and proline. PMID- 42667 TI - Nigericin-induced death of an acidophilic bacterium. AB - At an external pH of 3.5, nigericin (which catalyses an electroneutral H+/K+ exchange) abolished the transmembrane proton gradient (delta pH) of Bacillus acidocaldarius, causing a rapid acidification of the cytoplasm from approximately pH 6.0 to pH 3.5. A pronounced loss of viability and fine-structural changes rapidly followed treatment with nigericin. A marked decline in respiration and an even more rapid decrease in cytoplasmic ATP were observed. Activity of at least one cytoplasmic enzyme decreased more slowly. There was no generalized loss in the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane, as assayed by permeability to inulin or Na+ or by release of ultraviolet light-absorbing compounds. The loss of viability upon treatment with carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone was similar to what observed with nigericin, so proton influx alone, rather than together with K+ efflux, was probably involved in the death of the organism. Moreover, acidification of the cytoplasm rather than abolition of the delta pH was the lethal event, since no loss of viability was observed when the delta pH was abolished by elevation of the external pH. PMID- 42668 TI - Cleavage of thiamine by chlorine in tap water. AB - We have clarified that thiamine is cleaved by residual chlorine in proportion to the rise in temperature, pH and concentration of residual chlorine. When rice was boiled in an electric rice cooker, the thiamine in the rice was cleaved by residual chlorine. It is assumed that thiamine is cleaved into hydroxymethylpyrimidine and the thiazole moiety. PMID- 42669 TI - Partial purification and properties of proteases from defatted soybean flour. AB - Four chromatographically different proteases were partially purified from defatted soybean flour, and their pH optima were around 5.0 to 5.6 using casein as the substrate. These soybean proteases were designated S1, S2, S3 and S4 according to their order of elution from a DEAE-cellulose column. Each gave a single peak of caseinolytic activity on a Sephadex G-200 column chromatogram, and corresponded to the molecular weights of about 50,000(S1), 35,000(S2), 60,000(S3) and 200,000(S4). The proteases could hydrolyze casein and poly-Glu. alpha-Casein was more rapidly hydrolyzed than beta-casein, but the esters or dipeptide could not be hydrolyzed. Aliquots of 10(-3) M Hg2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ inhibited the caseinolytic activities by 70% to 90%, while other cations, Mn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Ni2+, at the same concentration did not. SPI (10(-5) M) inhibited 80--90% of their activities, and EPNP (10(-5) M) inhibited their activities 30--60%, but DFP (10(-3) M), SSI (10(-3) M), PCMB (10(-4) M), NEM (10(-3) M) and EDTA (10(-3) M) were not inhibitory. The above results indicate that proteases S1, S2, S3 and S4 from defatted soybean flour can be classified as acid proteases. PMID- 42670 TI - Multiphasic fetal monitoring in the high-risk pregnancies. PMID- 42671 TI - The effect of surfactant purity on foam volume [proceedings]. PMID- 42672 TI - Cytotoxic bruceolides from Brucea javanica [proceedings]. PMID- 42674 TI - The application of a microprocessor as an autoclave cycle integrator for the evaluation of a coefficient of sterilization [proceedings]. PMID- 42673 TI - In vivo assessment of solid dosage forms [proceedings]. PMID- 42675 TI - The measurement of spray droplet size distributions [proceedings]. PMID- 42676 TI - A method for evaluating the adhesion of cells to surfaces [proceedings]. PMID- 42677 TI - Computer controlled sampling and analysis system for dissolution rate studies [proceedings]. PMID- 42678 TI - The use of oscillatory surface shear rheometry in physical pharmacy and physical biochemistry [proceedings]. PMID- 42679 TI - Geometry of hydrogen-bonded water molecules in organic crystals [proceedings]. PMID- 42680 TI - A method of preparing beating heart cells for tissue culture [proceedings]. PMID- 42681 TI - Evaluation of the Royco 367 small volume sample feeder for estimation of particulate contamination in ampoules [proceedings]. PMID- 42682 TI - The incorporation and release of imipramine from alumina gel spheres [proceedings]. PMID- 42683 TI - Differentiation of acquired B antigens on human erythrocytes from genetically determined B antigens using anti-B lectins from marine organisms [proceedings]. PMID- 42684 TI - Human blood platelet aggregation by esters of 12-deoxyphorbol [proceedings]. PMID- 42685 TI - A novel method for the detection of drug induced gastrointestinal irritancy [proceedings]. PMID- 42686 TI - Effects of the antiemetic drug domperidone on the rate of gastric emptying in the guinea-pig [proceedings]. PMID- 42687 TI - The effect of prolonged administration of beta-blocking drugs on responses of the rat anococcygeus muscle [proceedings]. PMID- 42688 TI - Effect of indapamide on insulin secretion by the isolated perfused pancreas of the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 42689 TI - The relationship between dopamine and the excretion of water and sodium in the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 42690 TI - Effects of cefoxitin on neuromuscular and autonomic transmission [proceedings]. PMID- 42691 TI - An ion-selective electrode for the determination of the activity of quaternary ammonium salts in formulated products [proceedings]. PMID- 42692 TI - The stabilization of intravenous fat emulsions using phospholipids. The effect of minor components [proceedings]. PMID- 42693 TI - The analysis of atropine sulphate and its degradation products by reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography [proceedings]. PMID- 42694 TI - Problems in the determination of phenolic pKa values by spectrophotometry [proceedings]. PMID- 42695 TI - A differential assay for chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol succinate based upon a sensitive assay for the parent drug [proceedings]. PMID- 42696 TI - The analysis of aromatic amino acids by second and fourth derivative UV spectroscopy [proceedings]. PMID- 42697 TI - Effects of autoclaving isoprenaline hydrochloride injections [proceedings]. PMID- 42698 TI - The stability of salbutamol solution [proceedings]. PMID- 42699 TI - The development of an in vitro technique for measuring the rate of solution of insulin from I.Z.S. injections [proceedings]. PMID- 42700 TI - Crystal engineering studies with an excipient material (adipic acid) [proceedings]. PMID- 42701 TI - Toxicity of metronidazole and sodium ascorbate to hypoxic SV40-transformed 3T3 cells [proceedings]. PMID- 42702 TI - Antibacterial activity and electron affinity of nitro-heterocyclic compounds [proceedings]. PMID- 42703 TI - Mechanisms of instability in W/O/W multiple emulsions [proceedings]. PMID- 42704 TI - Release of enzymes from bacteria [proceedings]. PMID- 42705 TI - The effect of chloroquine on macromolecule synthesis and oxygen uptake in Escherichia coli [proceedings]. PMID- 42706 TI - Co-trimoxazole synergy in sensitive and resistant bacteria [proceedings]. PMID- 42707 TI - Antibacterial activity of cerous nitrate [proceedings]. PMID- 42708 TI - The action of propyl gallate (N-propyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) on Escherichia coli NCTC 5933 [proceedings]. PMID- 42709 TI - Absence of plasmid-mediated DNA polymerase activity from UV-induced strains of Escherichia coli [proceedings]. PMID- 42710 TI - The effects of an R-factor and its non-transmissible derivative on the survival of bacteria in media containing mitomycin C [proceedings]. PMID- 42711 TI - Increased circulatory lifetime of the antileukemic enzyme L-asparaginase [proceedings]. PMID- 42712 TI - The influence of arterial pH control on the cardiotoxicity of isoprenaline in hypoxic dogs [proceedings]. PMID- 42713 TI - Absorption of two tyrosine containing tri-peptides from the small intestine and rectum of the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 42714 TI - Ostwald ripening in emulsion systems. The effect of an added third component [proceedings]. PMID- 42715 TI - Disposition of promethazine in rabbit: influence of route of administration [proceedings]. PMID- 42716 TI - Plasma concentrations of doxapram in man during variable-rate intravenous infusion [proceedings]. PMID- 42717 TI - The effect of carbonic anhydrase binding on the pharmacokinetics of chlorthalidone [proceedings]. PMID- 42718 TI - Quantitative structure pharmacokinetic activity relationships with some tetracyclines [proceedings]. PMID- 42719 TI - A study of the relationship between gas chromatographic retention parameters and molecular connectivity [proceedings]. PMID- 42720 TI - Anti-inflammatory potencies of some aspirin derivatives: a quantitative structure activity study [proceedings]. PMID- 42721 TI - Investigation of solute-solvent complexes involving testosterone and testosterone propionate, using solubility results [proceedings]. PMID- 42722 TI - Physical properties of betamethasone alcohol-polyethylene glycol 6000 solid dispersions [proceedings]. PMID- 42723 TI - Solid dispersions of drugs in polyoxyethylene 40 stearate: dissolution rates and physico-chemical interactions [proceedings]. PMID- 42724 TI - Fatty acid solvates of griseofulvin [proceedings]. PMID- 42725 TI - The structure and stability of O/W emulsions stabilised by polyethylene glycol 1000 monostearate/fatty alcohols [proceedings]. PMID- 42726 TI - Steric stabilization: the effect of adsorbed polymers on suspension redispersibility [proceedings]. PMID- 42727 TI - Glass beads as a model matrix for solvent-deposition of drugs [proceedings]. PMID- 42728 TI - Theophylline-glycinate suppositories: a potentially more stable source of theophylline than aminophylline suppositories B.P. [proceedings]. PMID- 42729 TI - Preformulation studies on ingredients of suppository bases [proceedings]. PMID- 42730 TI - Function of size heterogeneity in barium sulphate used as radiocontrast medium [proceedings]. PMID- 42732 TI - Cephalosporin powders sterilized by gamma-rays [proceedings]. PMID- 42731 TI - The effect of autoclaved and unautoclaved solutions of dextrose on heparin anticoagulant activity [proceedings]. PMID- 42733 TI - Antimicrobial activity in local anaesthetics: a possible screen for tissue toxicity? [proceedings]. PMID- 42734 TI - The testing of preservatives for ophthalmic preparations [proceedings]. PMID- 42735 TI - Particulate contamination in parenteral solutions [proceedings]. PMID- 42736 TI - The characterization of multiple (W/O/W) emulsions using a radiotracer technique [proceedings]. PMID- 42737 TI - The interaction of thiomersal and chlorhexidine gluconate with plastics and glass [proceedings]. PMID- 42738 TI - The influence of some monovalent cations, at various concentrations upon the activity of chlorhexidine diacetate and (ethoxy)5 octyl phenol [proceedings]. PMID- 42739 TI - The synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation of some novel enkephalin analogues [proceedings]. PMID- 42740 TI - Biologically active poly(N-methacryloyl omega-amino acid) esters of fluphenazine and their duration of activity [proceedings]. PMID- 42741 TI - Search for drug interactions between the antitumour agent DTIC and other cytotoxic agents [proceedings]. PMID- 42742 TI - The interaction of daunomycin with DNA's of varying composition [proceedings]. PMID- 42743 TI - The biological and chemical properties of 4-azidobenzenesulphonamide ('azidosulphanilamide') [proceedings]. PMID- 42744 TI - Mutagenicity of NN-dialkylaminoalkyl chlorides [proceedings]. PMID- 42745 TI - Studies on the mode of action of the antitumour drug nitrogen mustard (mustine) [proceedings]. PMID- 42746 TI - Changes in sensitivity to mutagens and a tumour promoter in bacteria grown in continuous culture [proceedings]. PMID- 42747 TI - The stereochemical integrity of hygrine enantiomers in vivo and in vitro [proceedings]. PMID- 42748 TI - A theoretical approach to optimising capsule filling by a dosator nozzle [proceedings]. PMID- 42749 TI - Lubricity measurements of magnesium stearate [proceedings]. PMID- 42750 TI - A gamma-ray attenuation technique for assessing the distribution of porosity in powder beds [proceedings]. PMID- 42751 TI - The effect of granule structure on the mechanical properties of tablets [proceedings]. PMID- 42752 TI - Flow properties and tablet weight uniformity: effects of granule size and machine speed [proceedings]. PMID- 42753 TI - Effect of slugging pressure on the properties of granules and tablets prepared from potassium phenethicillin [proceedings]. PMID- 42754 TI - Die wall reaction and friction during compaction of some direct compression base [proceedings]. PMID- 42755 TI - A modified Weibull analysis for fracture test data of tablets which vary in volume and density [proceedings]. PMID- 42756 TI - Variation of polymer film composition and solute permeability [proceedings]. PMID- 42757 TI - Microencapsulation of histidase for enzyme replacement therapy [proceedings]. PMID- 42758 TI - Phenylpropanoids from a Nigerian sample of Cinnamomum cassia [proceedings]. PMID- 42759 TI - The influence of some structurally related Pluronics on the hydrolysis of aspirin [proceedings]. PMID- 42760 TI - Association of poloxamer block copolymers in aqueous solution [proceedings]. PMID- 42761 TI - The effect of functional groups on the energetics of partitioning of phenols between liposomes and water [proceedings]. PMID- 42762 TI - Size and stability of liposome suspensions measured by photon correlation spectroscopy [proceedings]. PMID- 42763 TI - A calorimetric study of chloroquine interaction with phosphatidyl choline vesicles [proceedings]. PMID- 42764 TI - The enhancement of neomycin activity on Escherichia coli by entrapment in liposomes [proceedings]. PMID- 42765 TI - The effect of liposomal charge on drug toxicity and efflux [proceedings]. PMID- 42766 TI - The interaction of some tetracyclines with purified mucus glycoproteins [proceedings]. PMID- 42767 TI - The contribution of added proteins to mucus viscoelasticity [proceedings]. PMID- 42768 TI - Cation induced changes in the biophysical properties of mucins [proceedings]. PMID- 42769 TI - Alkaloids of Anthocercis frondosa (Solanaceae) [proceedings]. PMID- 42770 TI - Preliminary investigations into microbial N-dealkylation [proceedings]. PMID- 42771 TI - Determination of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and their metabolites in plasma and urine by HPLC [proceedings]. PMID- 42772 TI - Hyaluronidase: a colourimetric assay [proceedings]. PMID- 42773 TI - A comparison of three chemical methods of assay of heparin [proceedings]. PMID- 42774 TI - A high-performance liquid-chromatographic method for the determination of in vitro metabolites of metyrapone [proceedings]. PMID- 42775 TI - The identification and quantitative determination of phenylephrine in adrenal gland [proceedings]. PMID- 42776 TI - Identification and quantitative determination of 0-, m- and p- hydroxymandelic acid in human urine [proceedings]. PMID- 42777 TI - The preparation and release properties of microcapsules [proceedings]. PMID- 42778 TI - The integration of patient counselling with pharmacology teaching [proceedings]. PMID- 42779 TI - Regulation of chloride in quiescent sheep-heart Purkinje fibres studied using intracellular chloride and pH-sensitive micro-electrodes. AB - 1. The intracellular Cl activity, alpha iCl was measured inside quiescent sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres, bathed in normal Tyrode at pH 7.40, buffered with approximately 22 mM-bicarbonate/approximately 5% CO2 + 95% O2. The measurements were made using liquid ion-exchanger Cl-sensitive micro-electrodes. 2. After internal Cl levels had been depleted by prolonged exposure to Cl-free media (glururonate-substituted) when external Cl was restored, there was a rapid re accumulation of Cl inside the fibres to levels that were much higher than those expected for a passive Cl distribution. Such a process can be conveniently defined as an active inward Cl pump. 3. The inward-pumping was noticeably temperature-sensitive (Q10 approximately 2.6), its rate was reduced about eighteenfold in the nominal absence of external bicarbonate/CO2 and it was substantially inhibited by the drug SITS (4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanato-stilbene 2,2'-disulphonic acid). 4. The fall of alpha iCl in Cl-free solution was slow and was also equally temperature-sensitive and substantially inhibited by SITS, but was only slightly impaired in the nominal absence of external bicarbonate/CO2. 5. pHi was measured using recessed-tip pH-sensitive micro-electrodes, and in some experiments both pHi and alpha iCl were monitored simultaneously. When alpha iCl slowly declined in Cl-free solution then pHi slowly became alkaline. Upon restoring external Cl, then there was, as usual, a rapid recovery of a high alpha iCl and this was accompanied by a rapid re-acidification of pHi. Both the recovery of alpha iCl and pHi were exponential with virtually the same time constant. 6. Both the slow alkalinization of pHi in Cl-free solution and the rapid re-acidification upon restoring external Cl were substantially inhibited by the drug SITS. 7. When [k]O was raised to 45 mM or more (by removing equivalent amounts of [Na]O), there was a large depolarization of Em and a slow rise of alpha iCl, which was not accompanied by a large change of pHi. The rise of alpha iCl appeared to be unaffected by SITS. 8. It is suggested that a Cl/CHO-3 exchange mechanism can operate reversibly across the membrane of quiescent Purkinje fibres, and that it can account, at least in part, for the high levels of alpha iCl measured in the resting state. It is also concluded that Cl can cross the membrane in other ways, especially in high-K solution possibly by moving passively through conductance channels that are open under these conditions. PMID- 42781 TI - Effect of propionate on intracellular and surface pH in rat soleus muscle [proceedings]. PMID- 42780 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of acetylcholine antagonists on rat parasympathetic ganglion cells. AB - The mode of action of ACh antagonists on the parasympathetic neurones of the submandibular ganglion of the rat was studied by means of a two-micro-electrode voltage-clamp technique. The currents produced by various agonists (carbachol, ACh, suberylcholine) were studied in steady state and after voltage steps, before and after perfusion of various antagonists. 2. For three antagonists (tubocurarine, hexamethonium, decamethonium) the blocking action increases with hyperpolarization. For three other antagonists (surugatoxin, trimetaphan, mecamylamine) the effects observed at low concentrations appear to be independent of membrane potential, although in some cases voltage dependence of the block was observed for mecamylamine. 3. The blocks the 'open' channel-reception complex. The block produced by tubocurarine, hexamethonium and decamethonium increases with the agonist concentration, an observation which supports a 'sequential' scheme in which the antagonist blocks the 'open' channel-receptor complex. The block produced by trimetaphan and mecamylamine decreases slightly with increased agonist concentration, which in turn suggests that these two compounds are competitive antagonists, preventing binding of the agonists to the closed channel receptor complex. 4. In the cases where the block is voltage dependent, voltage jumps trigger slow relaxations which are not present in control conditions. In the case of tubocurarine and hexamethonium, the relaxation following a hyperpolarizing voltage jump corresponds to a decrease in conductance. In the case of decamethonium, the slow relaxation is in the opposite direction. 5. The slow relaxations observed with tubocurarine and hexamethonium are speeded by an increase of the antagonist concentration; the slow relaxations observed with decamethonium are slowed by an increase of the decamethonium concentration. 6. The steady-state observations and the relaxations can be interpreted in terms of a scheme in which tubocurarine, hexamethonium and decamethonium act mainly by blocking the channels opened by the cholinergic agonists. 7. The two types of slow relaxation are those predicted if tubocurarine and hexamethonium dissociate slowly from the channel, and decamethonium rapidly. 8. An additional effect of tubocurarine is described, which consists of a potentiation of the rising phase of the response to an ionophoretic pulse. Possible mechanisms of this effect are discussed. PMID- 42782 TI - Inter-relationship of sodium, chloride, bicarbonate and acetate transport by the colon of the pig. AB - 1. Net transport of Na, Cl, HCO3 and acetate was examined in the temporarily isolated colon of conscious pigs weighing 46 +/- 8 kg. 2. The entire colon absorbs 4.1 ml. H2O, 0.8 m-equiv Na, 1.3 m-equiv acetate and secretes 0.5 m-equiv HCO3/min with a solution comparable to the normal contents. The absorptive capacity of the proximal and distal halves of the colon was comparable per unit dry weight of mucosa when each segment was presented with the same solution. 3. A series of studies using ion replacement solutions showed that net Na absorption and net HCO3 accumulation in the lumen solution were both increased in the presence of acetate. Cl absorption was independent of Na absorption and was accompanied by an equivalent net secretion of HCO3 in the absence of Na. When NaCl in the perfusion solution was replaced with Na2SO4, Na and HCO3 were absorbed at equal rates. 4. Final pCO2 values observed in NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions were greater than those observed in plasma while the pCO2 of the Na acetate solution after perfusion was reduced to values below plasma concentrations. 5. Results are consistent with the hypothesis that hydration of CO2 in the lumen solution or mucosal cell provides a continuous source of H ions for absorption of the more permeable undissociated acid. The evidence also suggests an additional source of H ions may be provided by a Na-H exchange process located in one of the limiting cell membranes. PMID- 42784 TI - Packeted transmitter release in the mouse vas deferens; an electrophysiological study [proceedings]. PMID- 42783 TI - Characteristics of saxitoxin binding to the sodium channel of sarcolemma isolated from rat skeletal muscle. AB - 1. The characteristics of saxitoxin (STX) binding to the mammalian Na channel have been studied in purified sarcolemma isolated from rat skeletal muscle. 2. STX binds specifically to isolated sarcolemma with a Kd of 1.43 x 10(-9) M and Bmax of 7-8 p-mole STX bound/mg membrane protein at 0 degrees C in the presence of 140 mM-NaCl. In rat muscle homogenate under the same conditions the corresponding values are Kd = 1.53 x 10(-9) M and Bmax = 0.15-0.20 p-mole/mg protein (18-20 p-mole/g wet wt.). Membrane purification produced a fortyfold increase in STX binding site concentration per milligram protein. Calculated binding site density in isolated sarcolemma was about 30 sites/micron 2 of membrane surface. 3. Denervation (10-14 days) results in a 43% reduction in the density of high-affinity STX binding sites in purified sarcolemma, but the Kd for this class of sites is not changed. 4. In sarcolemma, the apparent Kd for STX binding is dependent on temperature pH and ionic strength. The Q10 for Kd between 0 and 40 degrees C is 1.3. Protonation of a group having a pK of 6.0 markedly raises Kd without affecting Bmax. Apparent Kd increases eightfold when ionic strength is raised from 20 to 600 mM. 5. Dissociation and association rate constants for STX binding are temperature dependent with Q10 of 2.6 and 1.9 respectively between 0 and 20 degrees C. 6. STX binding is competitively inhibited by monovalent and divalent cations under conditions of constant total ionic strength. An affinity sequence of Tl+ greater than Li+ greater than Na+ greater than K+ greater than Rb+ greater than Cs+ is seen for the monovalent cation-binding site. 7. The STX binding site is relatively stable to heat and to enzymic degradation. A specific modifier of carboxyl residues inactivates subsequent STX binding. This process can be prevented by the presence of STX during the reaction. 8. Characteristics of the STX binding site in isolated sarcolemma are compared to those reported for other isolated excitable membranes and for studies of whole muscle and muscle homogenate. Sarcolemma provides a potential source of enriched Na channels for further purification efforts in a mammalian system. PMID- 42785 TI - [Association of Physiologists. Bordeaux meeting, 27-28 April 1979. Endocrinology. Abstracts]. PMID- 42786 TI - [Association of Physiologists. Lille meeting, 10-11 May 1979. Neurophysiology. Motor activity: cellular aspects and behaviour. Abstracts]. PMID- 42787 TI - [Endocrine and neuroendocrine functions of endogenous morphines]. PMID- 42788 TI - Conference on continuing education. PMID- 42789 TI - Inhibin, FSH and spermatogenesis. Proceedings of a symposium of the Society for the Study of Fertility and the World Health Organization, Cambridge, July 1978. PMID- 42790 TI - The regulation of FSH secretion in rams. PMID- 42791 TI - Inhibin activity in ram rete testis fluid: depression of plasma FSH and LH in the castrated and cryptorchid ram. AB - Ram "rete testis" fluid (RTF) routinely collected throughout the year has been used as a source of inhibin. The mean flow rate and mean concentration of spermatozoa in the fluid remained constant during the first 12 days of cannulation. More than 50 castrated or cryptorchid rams have been treated with low doses of steroid-free RTF over a 25-h blood sampling period. Human serum albumin was injected as a control. RTF depressed both FSH and LH plasma levels although the pattern was different for each hormone. There was no change in prolactin secretion. LH secretion was affected first while FSH remained unchanged in castrated and in cryptorchid rams. Thereafter, the maximum depression of FSH plasma levels occurred at a time when LH started to return or had returned to preinjection levels in the cryptorchid and castrated animals respectively. In the cryptorchid rams, RTF suppressed pulsatile LH secretion which was present before treatment but in the castrated animals, RTF lowered LH plasma levels which were constant and showed no pulsatile changes before treatment. Both FSH and LH inhibitory activities have been found in all active fractions obtained by purification of RTF. These activities are papain-sensitive and active fractions have a high apparent molecular weight (greater than or equal to 100 000) as shown by gel filtration and ultrafiltration. These and other results in the literature have lead to a re-definition of inhibin as a protein factor of gonadal origin able to depress plasma levels of FSH and LH, even at low doses. PMID- 42792 TI - Sixteenth annual national meeting Reticuloendothelial Society. December 5-8, 1979. El Tropicano Motor Inn, San Antonio, Texas. PMID- 42793 TI - Uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase in normal human synovial cells in culture. AB - Extracts containing uridine diphosphate (UDP) glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.22) activity were prepared from 5 normal human synovial cell lines and sources of variation in the method determined. The mean catalytic activity of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase from the 5 extracts was 12.0 +/- 2.4 x 10(-3) International Units/mg protein. The KmUDP-glucose was estimated as 3.90 +/- 1.56 x 10(-5) M and the KmNAD+ was estimated as 1.72 +/- 0.60 x 10(-4) M. Maximum catalytic activity occurred in a temperature range of 55 degrees C-68 degrees C and in a pH range of 8.1-8.4. The mechanistic implications of these data in the normal human diarthrodial joint are discussed. PMID- 42794 TI - Symposium on Research Priorities on Alcohol. Introductory remarks. PMID- 42795 TI - Research Priorities on Alcohol. Proceedings of a Symposium sponsored by the Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies and Rutgers University. PMID- 42796 TI - Biological investigations in alcohol research. AB - The biological mechanisms examined in this paper cover only a small portion of those that may be involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholism. Certain areas on which a great deal of work has already been done have been entirely omitted. Among these are studies on brain acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism in alcohol-related conditions; the effect of alcohol on brain proteins and nucleotides and the relationship of changes in these to the development of tolerance and physical dependence; and a variety of other areas involving biochemical and physiological parameters. The omission of any of these areas in no way suggests that they are less significant than those that have been covered. It is just that I have attempted to present a cohesive and coherent review of some areas of biological research which thus far appear to throw light on the clinical development and phenomenology of the alcoholism syndrome. In order to present such a thesis, I have inevitably crowded the evidence to fit some of my pet hypotheses. However, in controversial areas (which are many), I have tried to present some of the evidence on both sides and, hopefully, have succeeded in offering a fair overview of the state of the science as it exists today. PMID- 42797 TI - Symbiotic approach to drug design: antihypertensive beta-adrenergic blocking agents. PMID- 42798 TI - Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of cyclic amidines. 1. Electronic structure of some alpha-adrenergic benzylimidazolines. PMID- 42799 TI - 6-Aryl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepines. Influence of 1-substitution on pharmacological activity. AB - A series of 1-substituted 6-aryl-4H-s-triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepines was prepared and evaluated for central nervous system activity. It was found that electronegative substituents, such as trifluoromethyl, were detrimental to activity in this series. On the other hand, many compounds with electron-donating substituents at C-1 had interesting activity. In addition to showing anxiolytic potential, some were also active in tests useful for detecting antidepressant and antipsychotic activity. Several analogues with 4-methyl-1-piperazinyl and 4 morpholinyl substituents at C-1 were of particular interest. PMID- 42800 TI - The ecology of California group viruses. PMID- 42801 TI - Quantitative studies of the vector competence of Aedes aegypti, Culex annulirostris and other mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) with Murray Valley encephalitis and other Queensland arboviruses. PMID- 42802 TI - Neutral-alkaline proteases and protein degradation in rat heart. PMID- 42803 TI - A protective effect of a mild acidosis on hypoxic heart muscle. PMID- 42804 TI - Hormone sensitivity of adenylate cyclase activity in cardiac sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum preparations. PMID- 42805 TI - Role of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in the maintenance of intracellular pH. PMID- 42806 TI - Program and Abstracts of the Second Meeting of Japanese Section of the International Society for Heart Research 3rd and 4th November, 1979. Osaka, Japan. PMID- 42807 TI - Smectite clays in Mars soil: evidence for their presence and role in Viking biology experimental results. AB - Various chemical, physical and geological observations indicate that smectite clays are probably the major components of the Martian soil. Satisfactory ground based chemical simulation of the Viking biology experimental results was obtained with the smectite clays nontronite and montmorillonite when they contained iron and hydrogen as adsorbed ions. Radioactive gas was released from the medium solution used in the Viking Labeled Release (LR) experiment when interacted with the clays, at rates and quantities similar to those measured by Viking on Mars. Heating of the active clay (mixed with soluble salts) to 160 degrees C in CO2 atmosphere reduced the decomposition activity considerably, again, as was observed on Mars. The decomposition reaction in LR experiment is postulated to be iron-catalyzed formate decomposition on the clay surface. The main features of the Viking Pyrolytic Release (PR) experiment were also simulated recently (Hubbard, 1979) which the iron clays, including a relatively low '1st peak' and significant '2nd peak'. The accumulated observations on various Martian soil properties and the results of simulation experiments, thus indicate that smectite clays are major and active components of the Martian soil. It now appears that many of the results of the Viking biology experiments can be explained on the basis of their surface activity in catalysis and adsorption. PMID- 42808 TI - PCP (phencyclidine): an update. AB - The steady rise in the promiscuous use of phencyclidine (PCP) as a "recreational" drug has recently gained nationwide attention because of the numerous violent and/or bizarre incidents caused by the use of this drug. Because the media often exaggerate reports of bizarre and violent behavior to make a "good" story, the potential PCP user may be tempted to ignore the media warnings. In the case of PCP, however exaggerated the story, a real danger does exist. So, despite numerous newspaper, radio and television warnings about the possible consequences of PCP use and abuse, the incidence of toxic reactions continues to climb. In many cases PCP is sold as other drugs, particularly THC, and in various colored capsules, tablets, liquids and crystals which may explain the increased usage despite the numerous warnings against its use. The advances in laboratory techniques and chemical processess have enabled the clandestine chemist to prepare relatively pure PCP and thus eliminate many of the toxic side effects due to impurities in the drug. In addition, 30 or more psychoactive PCP analogues have been developed and are starting to make an appearance on the street. PCP is perhaps the most potent psychotomimetic compound known at the present time and is capable of inducing a psychosis which is clinically indistinguishable from schizophrenia. The psychosis-producing effects of PCP are the most common toxic effects seen in hospital emergency rooms; but as the amount of PCP taken and/or the simultaneous involvement of other drugs, particularly barbiturates, occurs, severe medical problems (e.g., coma, seizures, respiratory arrest) begin to appear. Death from high doses of PCP or PCP plus other drugs does occur, but the principal cause of death from PCP abuse is due to trauma, homicide or suicide (usually of the bizarre or violent form). Young adult males, persons predisposed to mental illness and naive drug users appear to be the most susceptible to the adverse effects of PCP. The fact that chronic PCP users are starting to increase in number is mute testimony that not all users experience "bad trips" with PCP. Unfortunately for the user, however, this does not guarantee that the next trip will not be a bad one. The effects of chronic use seem to be twofold: severe depression with suicidal thoughts and numerous violent, agitated behavioral patterns. Neither seems to be a suitable alternative. At the present time there is not specific antidote for toxic PCP reactions and the prolonged psychosis induced in some cases does not appear to respond to the standard antipsychotic medications as quickly as do the functional psychoses. The major improvement from a medical standpoint is the development of more sensitive laboratory techniques to confirm the presence of PCP in body fluids. This advance has undoubtedly led to the apparent increase in the number of PCP cases reported by hospitals and to the accuracy of clinical diagnosis by medical, drug or law enforcement communities... PMID- 42809 TI - Redefining addiction II. The meaning of addiction in our lives. PMID- 42810 TI - Hypothalamic cathepsin D: assay and isoenzyme composition. AB - A sensitive and convenient method of endopeptidase assay using as substrate globin modified with pyridoxal-5-phosphate was used for determination of acid proteinases in bovine hypothalamus separated by isoelectric focusing. The soluble protein fraction of hypothalamus upon elution from Sephadex gave five peaks of proteinase activity at pH 3.2. The properties indicate that these peaks of endopeptidase activity are isoenzyme forms of cathepsin D. PMID- 42811 TI - Effects of cortical ablation on the neurotoxicity and receptor binding of kainic acid in striatum. AB - Lesions of the cerebral cortex alter striatal neuronal vulnerability to locally injected kainic acid. Whereas extensive lesions involving the frontal-parietal occipital cortex are most effective, lesions limited to the frontal or to the dorsal-lateral parietal cortex offer partial protection. The extensive cortical lesions are associated with selective, marked reductions in the presynaptic markers for glutamatergic afferents in striatum. The protective effects of decortication appear between 6 and 24 hours after the lesion and are maintained up to 30 days after decortication. Whereas decortication results in only a transient reduction of specific receptor binding of [3H]kainic acid to striatal membranes, lesion of striatal intrinsic neurons with kainic acid causes a delayed but marked reduction in specific binding of the ligand. Coadministration of L glutamic acid (1 mumole) with kainic acid (9 nmoles) partially restores the neurotoxic action of kainic acid in the decorticate striatum; GABA, alanine, and proline (1 mumole) are ineffective with regard to restoring kainate's toxicity for striatal GABAergic neurons. These results suggest that afferent input exerts a permissive effect on the neurotoxic action of kainic acid and that neurotoxicity may involve a cooperative interaction between kainic acid at specific receptors on vulnerable neurons and synaptically released endogenous neurotransmitters, in particular L-glutamic acid. PMID- 42812 TI - The effect of morphine and some other narcotic analgesics on brain tryptophan concentrations. AB - An acute dose of morphine increased brain tryptophan in mice. This effect was not prevented by naloxone nor was it produced by other narcotic analgesics. Dextrorphan, but not levorphanol, had a similar effect to morphine. A large dose of tryptophan had no effect on the antinociceptive action of morphine in mice. Morphine increased brain tryptophan in rats. This effect was prevented by naloxone. A large dose of tryptophan antagonised the antinociceptive action of morphine in the rat. PMID- 42813 TI - Lactation, fertility and the working women. Working Conference organized by International Planned Parenthood Federation and the International Union of Nutritional Sciences. PMID- 42814 TI - Automation of phosphorus removal systems. PMID- 42815 TI - Effects of handling stress on plasma enzymes in harp seals, Phoca groenlandica. AB - Three harp seal pups, Phoca groenlandica, were captured on the ice of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and subjected to 3 h of transportation and handling stress. The activities of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT), aldolase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and leucine aminopeptidase were determined in serial blood samples collected for 4 d following the stress episode. Marked elevation of plasma CK activity was observed 3 h after capture. Values returned to normal in 12 h in two seals, and by 24 h in the third. Slight elevations in AspAT were also noted; the remaining enzymes were unaffected. Plasma CK is recommended as a sensitive indicator of handling stress in seals. PMID- 42816 TI - Histopathological study on the secondary myocardial disease--with special reference to the concept of inflammation and degeneration. PMID- 42817 TI - Symposium on Secondary Myocardial Disease. 44th Scientific Session of the Japanese Circulation Society. PMID- 42818 TI - [Beta-blocking agents in essential hypertension]. PMID- 42819 TI - [Autopsy case of malignant rheumatoid arthritis with systemic necrotizing angitis involving the central nervous system]. PMID- 42820 TI - Effects of cadmium on the contractility of a frog cardiac muscle in relation to pH of external solution. AB - In order to examine the pH dependency of Cd effects on cardiac muscle, the electrical and mechanical activities in the bullfrog heart were investigated in relation to various external pHs and concentrations of Cd. The amplitude and duration of the action potential or the spontaneously beating frequency in the atrium were not significantly affected during the 3-min administration of various concentrations of Cd in a range from pH 6 to 10, but the isotonic contraction at the end of the same period was greatly altered: the lower the external pH the more Cd decreased the contractility of the atrium. This pH dependency of Cd effects was also observed in SO4-Ringer's solution whose anions, SO4, were more impermeable than Cl. Decrease in contractility in Cd-Ringer's solution was counteracted by excess Ca. The lower the pH of the Cd-Ringer's solution, the more Ca was necessary to counteract an equal amount of Cd. The amount of Cd-uptake into the atrium was analyzed after soaking the atrium in various concentrations of Cd-Ringer's solution. The higher the concentration of external Cd, the larger the Cd-uptake into the atrium. No pH dependency, however, was observed in this relationship. This suggests that probably only a small fraction of total Cd uptake interacts with Ca-binding sites which is specific to contraction, and causes the Cd-induced decrease in contractility. This process is considered to be pH-dependent. However, most Cd-uptake into cardiac muscle is pH-independent and may be nonspecific to contraction. PMID- 42821 TI - [Computed tomographic diagnosis of aortic disease--annulo-aortic ectasia and aortitis syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 42822 TI - [The 54th Annual Meeting Symposium. Problems of the disease due to mycobacteria other than tubercle bacilli (author's transl)]. PMID- 42823 TI - [The 54th Annual Meeting Symposium. Immunological, pharmacological and dynamic action of rifampicin]. PMID- 42824 TI - [The 54th Annual Meeting Symposium. Present situation of intractable tuberculosis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 42825 TI - [Use of neuroleptic preparations in combination with local anesthesia in the surgical treatment of middle-aged and elderly patients]. PMID- 42826 TI - [Hemorrhagic fever as the cause of errors in diagnosis of acute diseases of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 42827 TI - [Treatment of migraine]. PMID- 42828 TI - Abstracts of the 9th Congress of the International Study Group for Steroid Hormones. (Rome, 5-7 December 1979). PMID- 42829 TI - Initiation of human parturition--VII Partial characterization of progesterone metabolizing enzymes of human amnion and chorion laeve. PMID- 42830 TI - Neurohumoral control of pulmonary surfactant secretion. PMID- 42831 TI - [Physiopathology and cholesterol biliary calculi]. PMID- 42832 TI - [The liver and toxic substances. Societe Francaise de Toxicologie and Association Francaise d'Hepatologie, Paris, 27 January 1979]. PMID- 42833 TI - [Etiologic diagnosis of pneumoccocal pneumonia by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (author's transl)]. AB - The antigenic composition of the pneumoccocal capsule and its easy detection by counterimmunoelectrophoresis led us to carry out a comparative study of this method and the results obtained from cultures. A series of 159 patientes with suspected bacterial pneumonia were included in the study. Blood cultures were prepared for all of the patients; sputum cultures were practiced on 35 and cultures of pleural fluid on 32. Serum from all of the patients, urine from 104, sputum from 34, and pleural fluid from 16 were analyzed by counterimmunoelectrophoresis for pneumoccocal antigen. This method was particularly useful for detecting the germ in sputum and pleural fluid. Furthermore, a higher number of positive indexes in serum were obtained by counterimmunoelectrophoresis than by blood cultures (p less than 0.01). This was also true for tests with sputum and pleural fluid. Urine tests resulted in an even greater number of detections. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis is thus a simple, quick method for detecting pneumococcus and is especially useful when accompanied by cultures tests, since they are complementary. We were able to discover a positive indication of penumoccocus in bacterial pneumonia in 39.6 percent of cases with this technique, as opposed to 15 percent using cultures alone. PMID- 42834 TI - The long-term effects of multiple doses of methamphetamine on neostriatal tryptophan hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, choline acetyltransferase and glutamate decarboxylase activities. PMID- 42835 TI - In vitro effects of pH and phosphorylation on neostriatal tyrosine hydroxylase from control and haloperidol-treated rats. PMID- 42837 TI - [Conference on Computer Aid to Drug Therapy and to Drug Monitoring, 6--10 March 1978, Berne, Switzerland]. PMID- 42836 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of incurable familial metabolic diseases. Prenatal diagnosis of disorders of lipid metabolism]. PMID- 42838 TI - Characterization of thymidine kinase and phosphorylation of deoxyribonucleosides in Chlamydomonas reinhardti. AB - Using gel filtration chromatography, we find a single peak of deoxythymidine phosphorylating activity in Chlamydomonas reinhardti. This activity has characteristics of a thymidine kinase, in that (1) it will utilize ATP (or dATP) or CTP (or dCTP) as phosphoryl donor, but not AMP or phenyl phosphate, and (2) it is inhibited by dTTP (and less so by dTDP, dUTP, and dUDP) but is unaffected by 3'-5' cyclic AMP. Partially purified chlamydomonas thymidine kinase has a pH optimum near 8.5, and a molecular weight of 80,000 to 85,000 daltons. Kinetic studies indicate a ping-pong mechanism with a Km for thymidine of 1.5 x 10(-7) moles per liter. 5-Bromo- and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, and to a lesser degree deoxyuridine, are competitive inhibitors, but significant phosphorylation of these nucleotides could not be demonstrated in vitro by thymidine kinase. While thymidine is phosphorylated to dTMP by crude Chlamydomonas extracts, greater than 80% of the product formed by the partially purified enzyme is dTTP. Further, the gel filtration elution position of the single deoxythymidylate kinase activity present in cell extracts coincides with that of thymidine kinase. These results suggest that a multifunctional enzyme, rather than three separate phosphorylating activities, may be responsible for dTTP formation. PMID- 42839 TI - Appraisal of nonhemic prime with hypothermia in open heart surgery. PMID- 42840 TI - Suppressor adherent phagocytic cells in solid tumors: a postulated escape mechanism. AB - A localized graft-versus-host reaction was used to assess the cellular immunity of mice supporting progressive growth of an allogeneic tumor. It was found that early in tumor development anti-tumor-cellular-mediated immunity was hyper responsive, and that adherent phagocytic cells isolated from the neoplasm would inhibit the specific immunological response. Based on these observations and indirect inference it was postulated that a major factor in the success of an immunogenic tumor is the coterminous development of a normal adherent phagocytic cell population which specifically nullifies, in situ, cellular-mediated anti tumor immunity. PMID- 42841 TI - Hypnotherapy-past, present and future. PMID- 42842 TI - Clinical fusion from nuclear fission. PMID- 42844 TI - [Hepatitis-B-surface antigen and panarteritis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of an acutely beginning histologically proved panarteritis is described which was initiated by hepatitis B caused by blood transfusions. After one year of steroid therapy the arteritis was no longer seen histologically, Australia antigen became negative. Terminally the patient developed an apoplexy, renewed gastric bleeding, septicemia with obstructive jaundice, nose bleeding, increasing renal insufficiency, and cardiac failure. The Australia-antigen reappeared in the serum. It could be assumed that the panarteritis had progressed. Immune complexes of Australia-antigen and corresponding antibodies which are deposited in the vascular wall and cause an inflammatory reaction, are being held responsible for the panateritis. They were proved serologically and by immunofluorescence in the vascular wall. In cases of panarteritis of unknown origin Australia-antigen can be found in a high percentage, as was demonstrated by a second case. PMID- 42843 TI - [Hyperprolactinemia in liver diseases. Occurrence, clinical significance, etiology]. PMID- 42845 TI - [Thymus dysplasia with circulating T-lymphocytes but not responsive to mitogen. Post-transfusional fatal graft-versus-host disease]. PMID- 42846 TI - Treatment of phobias. PMID- 42847 TI - [Therapy of vomiting due to cytostatic treatment]. PMID- 42848 TI - [Clinical aspects and importance of pneumococcal pneumonia]. PMID- 42849 TI - Distribution and metabolic fate of adenosine nucleotides in the membrane of storage vesicles from bovine adrenal medulla. AB - The reactions of adenosine 14C-and gamma 32P-labelled ATP with isolated membranes from catecholamine storage vesicles of the bovine adrenal medulla were studied. In presence of Mg2+ about twice as much of 32P-radioactivity combined with the membrane as 14C-adenosine compounds at 31 degrees C and also at 0 degrees C, while in the absence of Mg2+ the amounts of 14C and 32P incorporated were similar for both substances. Autoradiography of the SDS-polyacrylamide gel after electrophoresis of the 32P-ATP-treated membrane protein showed two distinct zones corresponding to protein bands. Sonication released twice as much 32P-ATP as 14C ATP from the space within the membrane particles indicating that at least half of the ATP present in space did not contain its original terminal phosphate group. About 40--45% of the 32P-radioactivity was incorporated in the membrane lipids, whereas only small amounts of 14C-radioactivity were extracted with lipids. About 1/3 of the incorporated 14C-radioactivity was not extractable with acids. The same amount remained in the 32P-ATP treated preparation acid-stably bound after extraction of the lipids and hus must be firmly bound ATP. When the reaction of the membrane preparation with labelled ATP was performed at 0 degrees C the fractions of the acid-stably bound 32P- and 14C-radioactivity increased. About 1 nmole/mg of protein (10--15%) of the bound 32P-radioactivity was exchangeable against unlabelled ATP, while only a very small fraction (less than 0.5 nmol/mg protein) of the 14C-radioactivity was exchanged against unlabelled ATP. Preincubation of the membrane particles with ATP-Mg2+ at 0 degrees C induced 30% inhibition of the ATPase activity and abolition of the net uptake of catecholamines. Different Km values obtained from initial velocity studies of ATPase activity and the overall-incorporation of 32P-radioactivity indicated that a direct correlation between these processes did not exist. Different strong inhibitory effects exerted by ADP on the ATPase activity and net uptake of catecholamine at the one hand and the overall 32P-and 14C-incorporation at the other hand supported that view. It is concluded that small fractions of the observed 32P-and 14C-incorporation can be involved in the ATP hydrolyzing reaction. PMID- 42850 TI - Histamine receptors in the guinea pig ileum. AB - Histamine and some related compounds acting selectively on H2-or H1 receptors were tested for their ability to contract the guinea pig ileum, in the usual whole ileum preparation and in the longitudinal muscle preparation. The concentrations elicited by histamine in both kinds of preparations were not potentiated by cimetidine or metiamide and were not inhibited by administration of H2 receptor selective agonists in doses which were subthreshold for contracting the guinea pig ileum; higher doses of the H2 agonists could actually potentiate the effect of histamine. The results obtained suggest that H2 receptors with relaxing effect do not occur in the guinea pig ileum or at least that they are not involved in the contraction of the longitudinal muscle layers. The possibility that a sub-type of H2 receptors with properties different from those of the "classical" H2 receptors so far known, exists in the guinea pig ileum, cannot be excluded. PMID- 42851 TI - Effect of fenfluramine administration on synaptosomal uptake of some neurotransmitters and on synaptosomal enzymes which metabolise GABA. AB - Fenfluramine has been considered to deplete neuronal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). This compound is able to reduce the synaptosomal uptake of 5-HT and other neurotransmitters such as GABA and glutamic acid (Glu). The effects of fenfluramine on these three compounds considered as neurotransmitters are different. The inhibition is of competitive type for 5-HT and non-competitive for GABA and Glu. Concerning the enzymes involved in GABA synthesis and degradation, Fenfluramine increases Glutamic acid decarboxylase activity and decreases GABA trasaminase activity in synaptosomes. Decreased synaptosomal GABA levels could be attributed to a lower uptake. An enzymatic regulating system may be responsible in restoring the GABA level. A similar mechanism concerning serotonin has been previously suggested (Costa et al., 1971). PMID- 42852 TI - Digoxin induced release of creatine kinase from isolated guinea-pig hearts. AB - In isolated perfused guinea-pig hearts, digoxin produced a concentration dependent release of creatine kinase (ATP-creatine-transphosphorylase; CK). A corresponding decrease of the CK activity in the myocardium was obtained. The enzyme release seems to be a sign of glycoside intoxication, as its extent paralleled the severity of digoxin induced arrhythmias. Especially high CK activities were liberated when ventricular fibrillation occurred. Likewise, electrically induced fibrillation, in control hearts, led to enzyme release. However, the digoxin effect was not matched. Reserpine pretreatment antagonized the CK release by electrical fibrillation, whereas it increased excessively the enzyme liberating effect of higher digoxin concentrations. Also, propranolol decreased the enzyme release due to electrical fibrillation. The glycoside induced CK liberation, however, was not diminished, although the ventricular fibrillation was prevented. Increase of the potassium concentration of the perfusion fluid prevented the glycoside induced fibrillation, and reduced the enzyme release. The significance of the enzyme loss from the myocardium, and the mechanisms of enzyme release are discussed. PMID- 42853 TI - The effect of putative peptide neurotransmitters on cutaneous vascular permeability in the rat. PMID- 42854 TI - Iodine labelling of sea anemone toxin II, and binding to normal and denervated diaphragm. AB - 1. Sea anemone toxin II (ATX II) which keeps the activated sodium channels open, can be labelled at its histidine residues with 125I up to a specific radioactivity of 500 Ci/mmole. Upon intraventricular injection in mice, ATX II causes acute, short-lasting hyperexcitation and convulsions. Its LD50 in mice is between 25 and 50 ng of the native peptide, and between 50 and 100 ng of the radioactive material per animal. 2. The labelled peptide is bound to mouse diaphragm from where it can be displaced by ATX II and, even better, by scorpion neurotoxin but not by other basic peptides, e.g., histone or aprotinin. Binding is not significantly influenced by 50 mM potassium, by replacing sodium with choline, by veratridine or tetrodotoxin. In contrast to binding of alpha bungarotoxin, binding of ATX II is not changed by denervation of the diaphragm. ATX II binds not only to the muscular but also to the tendinous moiety of the mouse diaphragm. 3. ATX II lowers the surface tension of water. Further experiments are needed to establish the usefulness of 125I-ATX for labelling sodium channels in excitable membranes. PMID- 42855 TI - [Significance of the autonomic nervous system for vascular and volume regulation]. PMID- 42856 TI - Metabolic turnover of pyridine nucleotides in ascites cells of sarcoma Sa 180 and in the liver tissue of rats before and after ionizing radiation. AB - Metabolic turnover of NADP+ labeled with 14C in the ribose moiety of their molecules was determined in the ascites cells of sarcoma Sa 180 and in the rat liver tissue. The half-lives of NAD+ and NADP+ in the Sa 180 sarcoma cells were 60 min (NAD+) and 90 min (NADP+) and 120 min (NADP+). Experiments were done on animals to study the time-dependent effect of ionizing radiation on the values of pooled NAD+ and NADP+ after 0.129 C/kg (500 R) and 0.387 C/kg (1500 R) whole-body irradiation, and the metabolic turnover of these nucleotides 5 h after whole-body irradiation with 0.387 C/kg (1500 R). Exposure to 0.129 C/kg (500 R) whole-body irradiation induced no apparent changes compared to the controls. Within 5 h of irradiation the whole-body dose of 0.387 C/kg (1500 R) produced changes in rat liver cells characterized by a reduction of the nucleotide biological half-lives (NAD+ from 80 to 60 min and NADP+ from 120 to 70 min). No such changes in the pyridine nucleotide turnover were detected in Sa 180 ascites sarcoma cells. PMID- 42857 TI - [Biochemical seizure mechanism in brain--in reference to neurotransmitters (author's transl)]. PMID- 42858 TI - [Collection of presentations at the meeting of the European Alliance of Muscular Dystrophy Associations, Belgrade, 1976]. PMID- 42859 TI - Crop-sac response after systemic and intraventricular administration of neuroleptic drugs. AB - Present experiments were aimed at studying in pigeons the effects of some neuroleptic agents given systemically or into the 3rd cerebral ventricle on PRL secretion and following morphological changes of the crop-sac mucosa both by classical histological methods and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, such changes were also evaluated on the basis of a semiquantitative method using a 1-4 rating scale. 3- or 5-day systemic treatment with reserpine, haloperidol and (l/-)-sulpiride produced an intense crop-sac response consisting of a marked epithelial hyperplasia and presence of milk-like material. Similarly, a much lower dose of haloperidol, clozapine, and the two enantiomers of sulpiride given into the 3rd cerebral ventricle for 3 consecutive days produced a marked crop-sac response. The l-sulpiride was more active in comparison to the d-enantiomer. In conclusion, present experiments show that, similarly to mammals, in pigeons neuroleptic drugs are able to stimulate prolactin secretion and suggest that these effects are mediated through an action at the hypothalamic and/or pituitary level by removing a tonic dopaminergic inhibition. PMID- 42860 TI - Metastasis of a rectal carcinoid to the posterior fossa. AB - We report the metastasis of a rectal carcinoid to the dura mater of the posterior fossa. The clinical presentation was unusual because of a 10-year latent period between resection of the primary rectal tumor and symptoms and signs of the posterior fossa metastasis; the radiological findings were atypical of a metastasis. Gastrointestinal carcinoids, apudomas, and the concept of the APUD endocrine cell family are reviewed. PMID- 42861 TI - [Pindolol in the treatment of arrhythmias caused by exertion]. AB - In this study the anti-arrhythmic effectiveness of pindolol has been tested on ventricular effort arrhythmias in a group of 22 cardiopathic patients. The drug, administered for a week at the dose of 5 mg three times a day, obtained positive results due to its beta-blocking action and its intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. PMID- 42863 TI - Beta-blocking drugs in hypertension. PMID- 42862 TI - [Functional respiratory and blood gas analytical studies of the effects of fenspiride, in oral and intramuscular administration, in chronic bronchopneumopathic subjects]. AB - A group of 20 chronic bronchopneumopathics was treated for 15 days with fenspiride orally and i.m. The behaviour of a set of functional respiratory and haemogasanalytic parameters was monitored at various times (basic, 5th, 10th and 15th days). Progressive, significant improvements in VC, FEV1, RV and in related parameters were observed. These were attributed to the drug's anti-inflammatory effect in the respiratory ways as well as to its direct antibronchospastic action. Stress is laid on the excellent clinical tolerance of fenspiride following its oral and i.m. administration. PMID- 42864 TI - An evaluation of the effectiveness of mouthguards in high-school rugby players. PMID- 42865 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in severe aplastic anemia and acute leukemia]. AB - Much progress has been made in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia (SAA) and acute leukemia (AL). In SAA it was shown that hemopoietic chimerism and apparently permanent cures can be achieved in the majority of patients by conditioning with cyclophosphamide followed by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from an HLA-identical sibling. The previous transfusion history is crucial for failure or success: untransfused patients do very well while graft rejection is an enormous problem in most polytransfused ones. We have shown that most patients without HLA-identical sibling donors can be adequately helped as well. After conditioning with ALG followed by transfusion of haploidentical marrow and low dose androgens there is partial to complete autologous hemopoietic reconstitution in virtually all patients. This points to the fact that most of these patients have pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells that are intact, but apparently unable to differentiate to mature cells, because they are inhibited by autoimmune mechanisms. The results of BMT in patients with endstage leukemia are modest. New pilotstudies with early marrow grafts, i.e. for ANLL in first remission and for ALL in second remission indicate that with this type of approach potentially over 50% of all patients with HLA-identical siblings can be cured. We recommend that HLA-typing should be performed early in families with SAA and AL and that the possibility of a marrow graft should be seriously considered before the patients have endstage disease. Marrow grafts are technically simple but they may pose enormous problems such as graft versus host reaction (GvH), interstitial pneumonia, graft rejection and leukemic recurrence. Therefore, the procedure should only be performed in highly specialized centers with much knowledge and experience in the immunobiology of bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 42866 TI - [Prophylactic alkalization of the urine during cytostatic tumor treatment with the oxazaphosphorine derivatives, cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide]. AB - The so-called cystitis due to cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) is caused by direct contact of the mucosa with alkylating metabolites in acid urine. These alkylating metabolites can be inactivated by instillation of cysteine into the urinary bladder. The cytostatically active metabolites of ifosfamide (Holoxan), a derivative of oxazaphosphorine, are eliminated by the kidneys as well. Their special toxicity is much higher than the toxicity of Cytoxan. The alkylating metabolites of ifosfamide cause urological complications essentially in supravesical areas (tubulopyelo-ureteritis). Some clinical trials demonstrate that increase of diuresis and alkalinization of urine by orally administered Uralyt-U are able to decrease concentration and aggressiveness of those metabolites. PMID- 42867 TI - Conservative treatment of chronic renal insufficiency in children. AB - Conservative management of chronic renal failure in children is essentially based on dietary prescription including recommendations for high caloric intake and a certain limitation of protein intake according to GFR in order to avoid any extra loading with nitrogen wastes. Prescriptions for sodium potassium and water have to be adjusted on their residual output. Prevention of osteodystrophy needs supplement of calcium, chelation of phosphorus with aluminium hydroxide and the prescription of vitamin D or its active derivatives. High blood pressure when present must be carefully controlled. Drugs, when necessary, have to be given with a dosage taking into account the level of renal failure. Finally, the mode of life of the uremic child should be as close to normal as possible. PMID- 42868 TI - An experimental model of hyper-irritability in the trigeminal skin field of the rat. AB - Cutaneous hyper-irritability was produced in the trigeminal sensory distribution of chronically prepared rats by injecting various central stimulants into the dorsal subarachnoid space overlying caudal medulla. Effective substances were classified into three groups according to the behavioral patterns induced. These were (1) picrotoxin and penicillin G-K, (2) strychnine and brucine, and (3) D,L homocysteic acid. Of these substances, picrotoxin was the most effective. The hyper-irritability elicited by picrotoxin or penicillin G-K was associated with a relatively localized trigger zone in the face, while that elicited by strychnine or brucine spread beyond the trigeminal region to the first cervical dermatome. D,L-homocysteic acid evoked only spontaneous scratching and vocalization. Picrotoxin-induced hyper-irritability involved facilitation of impulse transmission from cutaneous afferent terminals to second-order neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis. PMID- 42869 TI - [Treatment of hypertensive forms of late pregnancy toxicosis and the prevention of anomalies in labor with the new Soviet preparation, pyroxan]. PMID- 42870 TI - [Changes of the activity of blood serum alkaline protease in young children with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 42871 TI - [Weak sedative premedication in the child]. PMID- 42872 TI - Endogenous opioids and fever: a hypothesis. AB - The explosion of knowledge set off by the characterization of endorphins and their receptors has created opportunities for new perspectives on a variety of phenomena. This brief essay examines one such phenomenon--the human febrile response--and proposes an alteration of the current model of the neuroendocrine circuitry controlling body temperature. Using behavioral thermoregulation as a starting point, we shall touch upon implications of this model for describing other forms of goal-directed motor activity. PMID- 42873 TI - Effect of an increase in HbO2 affinity on the calculated capillary recruitment of an isolated rat heart. AB - The effect of an increase in hemoglobin O2 affinity on myocardial O2 delivery was studied in a blood perfused working rat heart preparation. In a first series of experiments P50 (PO2 for which saturation is 50%) was lowered by use of carbon monoxide. The heart was alternatively perfused with the blood sample of P50 = 32 mm Hg and the blood sample of P50 = 17 mm Hg. O2 capacity of both samples was kept the same by appropriate hemodilution. In a second serie of experiments change of P50 was obtained by the use of adult human erythrocytes containing hemoglobin creteil with a P50 of 13.6 mm Hg. As P50 decreased from 25 to 10 mm Hg, coronary sinus PO2 (PcsO2) diminished from 26 +/- 2 to 18 +/- 2 mm Hg (-29 +/ 2%), coronary sinus O2 content (CcsO2) increased by 15 +/- 3%, myocardial oxygen consumption did not change significantly. The percentage of increase of coronary flow was 23 +/- 4%. Analysis of these results with a simple mathematical model of O2 delivery suggest that increase in HbO2 affinity is corrected by a simultaneous increase in coronary flow and capillary recruitment. PMID- 42874 TI - Perivascular pH and pial arterial diameter during bicuculline induced seizures in cats. AB - The aim of the present study was to correlate locally at the same pial artery the vascular reaction with the perivascular pH during the initial phase of functional hyperemia. As a model of functional hyperemia, bicuculline (3 mg/kg i.v.) induced seizure was taken. Normally, a strong increase of blood pressure occurs together with the start of seizure. Since a discrimination between metabolically induced and pressure dependent vascular reactions is not possible under such conditions, the cats (anesthetized with 40--50 mg/kg chloralose) received in addition 3 mg/kg phentolamine and 10 mg/kg pentobarbital. Under these conditions a significant increase of blood pressure started only 50 s after the onset of seizure. Perivascular pH was recorded using spear type pH microelectrodes in the subarachnoid space surrounding a pial artery. The diameter of the respective artery was measured continuously. After onset of seizure an immediate, increasing perivascular acidosis developed which was accompanied by an increase in pial arterial diameter. The maximal decrease of pH was 0.29 units and occurred 30 s after the start of seizure. These data show that a decrease in perivascular pH can be one factor mediating functional hyperemia in the brain. PMID- 42875 TI - [The 81st French Congress of Surgery. Survival and comfort]. PMID- 42876 TI - [Tumours of the undescended testis (author's transl)]. AB - It has now been clearly demonstrated that cryptorchidism is accompanied by a very marked increase in malignancy of the ectopic testis as well as in that in place. Amongst 80 patients undergoing surgery for carcinoma of the testis 14 (17.5%) had a past history of unilateral undescended. The risk of malignancy developing in an ectopic testis is 12 to 48 times greater than that of a testis which has descended normally. It would appear that the higher the position of the testis, the greater is the risk. Orchidopexy may decreased the risk if performed before the age of 11. When the tumour is situated in an ectopic testis, the clinical picture is often misleading. When the ectopic testis has been brought down the special feature of these tumours is the frequency of spread to inguinal lymph nodes. In terms of its basic principles the treatment of these tumours does not differ from that of those affecting normal testis. The aetiology of these tumours remains uncertain. There would seem to be a consensus in favour of a disgenetic origin, possible secondary to hormonal deficiency. PMID- 42877 TI - [The dangers of mineral fibers]. PMID- 42878 TI - [Hypertension in elderly patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 42879 TI - [The patient's right to self-determination]. PMID- 42880 TI - [Assay of 17-ketosteroids in patients treated with beta-blockers]. PMID- 42881 TI - [The bacteriological diagnosis of pneumonia by transtracheal puncture. Value in medical intensive care (author's transl)]. AB - Seventy five patients referred with a diagnosis of pneumonia underwent transtracheal puncture. In 76% of cases this examination led to discovery of an organism in infected patients. In 50% of cases, the bacteriological diagnosis was sufficiently accurately oriented by direct examination to permit rapid and effective treatment. There was virtually perfect agreement with the results of blood cultures when the latter were positive. The organisms most often responsible were Gram positive and above all the pneumococcus. These results led to narrow spectrum antibiotic treatment appropriate for the organism. This early treatment, based upon the results of tracheal puncture, was associated with a favourable course in 85% of cases, in particular in severely ill patients requiring intubation. No notable complications occurred. PMID- 42883 TI - [Hydrogen ion excretion by transplanted kidney. III. Effect of acetazolamide load]. PMID- 42882 TI - Alkaline stability of guanosine and some of its derivatives modified by the carcinogen N-acetoxyacetylaminofluorene. AB - The alkaline treatment of Guo, dGuo, dGMP and denatured DNA modified by N acetoxyacetylaminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) was performed in 0.1 M NaOH at 40 degrees C. The kinetics of the reaction were followed by ultraviolet absorption and by chromatographic methods and were found different for the four products under study. Circular dichroism spectra show differences in the environment of acetylaminofluorene residue in these products. The alkaline treatment of Guo-AAF (and dGuo-AAF) leads to the formation of three products. These products were separated by thin layer chromatography and by HPLC and were characterized by spectroscopic methods. One is the already known unstable Guo-AF (and respectively dGuo-AF) (1). The other two products are relatively stable products of the transformation of Guo-AF (or dGuo-AF). These last ones present almost identical ultraviolet absorption spectra, but very different circular dichroism spectra. PMID- 42884 TI - Polish and Hungarian Pharmacological Societies. 3nd joint symposium. Mediators and modulators in the central nervous system. Gdansk, September 17--18, 1978. PMID- 42885 TI - The pleasure system of the brain and its neurotransmitters. PMID- 42886 TI - Effect of histamine H2-receptor antagonists on concentration of noradrenaline, dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in rat brain. AB - Intraventricular (ivt) administration of 50 micrograms of burimamide (BUR) or 250 micrograms of either metiamide (MET) or cimetidine (CIM) decreased noradrenaline (NA) concentration in the rat hypothalamus by nearly 30%. CIM did not significantly influence either dopamine (DA) or 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels in the striatum. Serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) contents in the hypothalamus were not significantly affected by either MET or CIM. PMID- 42887 TI - Polish and German Pharmacological Societies. 1st Joint Symposium. Interaction of biologically active substances in the central nervous system. Bialowieza, December 10--11, 1978. PMID- 42888 TI - Some aspects of interaction of biologically active substances in the CNS. PMID- 42890 TI - Antifungal therapy. PMID- 42889 TI - Two noradrenergic systems in the brain and their interactions with other monoaminergic neurons. AB - Numerous anatomical, neurophysiological and pharmacological data indicate on the existence of two functionally different noradrenergic systems in the brain: the dorsal bundle and the ventral bundle. It is possible that dorsal bundle inhibits serotonergic neurons whilst tonically stimulates dopaminergic neurons. On the other hand, the ventral noradrenergic bundle seems to exert opposite influences. New theory of affective disorders is proposed. PMID- 42891 TI - The treatment of angina pectoris. PMID- 42892 TI - Hypnotics today. PMID- 42893 TI - Anti-nauseant drugs. PMID- 42894 TI - [Utilization of maltose during shorttime parenteral nutrition (author's transl)]. AB - Twelve metabolically healthy patients, who had to undergo cholecystectomy or gastric resection, were fed intermittently by the parenteral route (via veins of the upper limbs) post-operatively up to and including the 2nd post-operative day with a combined maltose-glucose solution in parallel with an 8% mixture of crystalline L-aminoacids. At an administration rate of 150 g maltose/day and 250 g glucose/day with the simultaneous administration of 80 g aminoacids, the mean carbohydrate utilisation was 82,5%. The glucose and maltose levels in the blood fluctuated in accordance with the infusion periods and the free fatty acids levels measured were their mirror image. On the whole free fatty acids were lowered significantly, which indicates adequate carbohydrate supply with consequent inhibition of lipolysis. The degree of tolerance was determined objectively by measurement of the acid-base parameter, gamma-GT, alkaline phosphatase, GOT, bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine and serum electrolytes. No changes were found which could be attributed to the administration of the infusion solution. PMID- 42895 TI - [Influences of different anaesthetic techniques on serum levels of hepatic enzymes and of bilirubin (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of four different types of anaesthesia -- halothane and enflurane inhalation anaestheis, neurolept analgesia and epidural analgesia with single shot technique -- on the serum levels of GOT, GPT, GLDH, LDH, AP, LAP, gamma-GT, total protein and bilirubin was examined in 104 comparable cases undergoing gynaecological surgery. A significant increase in GOT, GPT, GLDH, AP, and gamma GT levels was observed between the 6th and 9th postoperative day with all types of anaesthesia. The serum levels remained elevated until the 15th postoperative day. There was no significant difference between the four types of anaesthesia as regarded their effects on the serum constituents investigated. The same applied to the serum CHE activity which reached a minimum on the 3rd postoperative day followed by a steady rise. The results indicate that the postoperative changes of the liver enzyme pattern are not related to the type of anaesthesia used. Bilirubin was elevated on the first postoperative day, then dropped rapidly and stayed below the pre-operative values until the 12th postoperative day. There was no difference between the four types of anaesthesia. Glucuronisation of bilirubin may be inhibited initially by the anaesthetic agents. The subsequent rapid fall of the bilirubin levels may be the result of enzyme induction. PMID- 42896 TI - [The effects of "atraumatic" surgery in halothane anaesthesia and neurolept analgesia on the liver enzyme pattern (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of general anaesthesia for operations devoid of substantial tissue traumas on the postoperative pattern of hepatic enzymes was studied in 40 patients undergoing ophthalmologic surgery. 20 had neurolept analgesia, 20 had halothane anaesthesia. The duration of anaesthesia, age of the patients and their previous history corresponded fairly closely to those of a group of patients who had gynaecological operations and were the subject of a previous study. In contrast to the latter group total protein, cholinesterase, GOT, GPT, LDH, GLDH, AP, LAP and gamma-GT remained normal up to 12 days after the operation. The exception were changes in the total bilirubin levels which were similar to those observed in the gynaecological cases. Possible causes are discussed. PMID- 42897 TI - [Objectivation of the selective proximal vagotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 42898 TI - [Psychotropic drugs and sexuality (author's transl)]. PMID- 42899 TI - [Treatment of hypertension: diuretic or beta-blocker? (author's transl)]. PMID- 42900 TI - [Objectivation of the selective proximal vagotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 42901 TI - [Relationship between brain neuroregulators and hypothalamic hormones]. PMID- 42902 TI - Glutathione: interorgan translocation, turnover, and metabolism. AB - Glutathione is translocated out of cells; cells that have membrane-bound gamma glutamyl transpeptidase can utilize translocated glutathione, whereas glutathione exported from cells that do not have appreciable transpeptidase enters the blood plasma. Glutathione is removed from the plasma by the kidney and other organs that have transpeptidase. Studies in which mice and rats were treated with buthionine sulfoximine, a selective and potent inhibitor of gamma glutamylcysteine synthetase and therefore of glutathione synthesis, show that glutathione turns over at a significant rate in many tissues, especially kidney, liver, and pancreas; the rate of turnover in mouse skeletal muscle is about 60% of that in the kidney. Experiments on rats surgically deprived of one or both kidneys and treated with the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase inhibitor D-gamma glutamyl-(o-carboxy)phenylhydrazide establish that extrarenal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity accounts for the utilization of about one-third of the total blood plasma glutathione. Normal animals treated with the transpeptidase inhibitor excrete large amounts of glutathione in their urine. They also excrete gamma-glutamylcysteine, suggesting that cleavage of glutathione at the cysteinylglycine bond may be of metabolic significance. The present and earlier findings lead to a tentative scheme (presented here) for the metabolism and translocation of glutathione, gamma-glutamyl amino acids, and related compounds. PMID- 42903 TI - Epidermal growth factor stimulation of DNA synthesis is potentiated by compounds that inhibit its clustering in coated pits. AB - We have used inhibitors of receptor-mediated endocytosis to investigate the mechanism and function of epidermal growth factor uptake by cultured cells. When rhodamine-labeled epidermal growth factor is bound to cell surface receptors on confluent monolayers of BALB/c 3T3 cells, it rapidly collects in cell surface clusters and is internalized. The clustering of occupied receptors requires Ca(2+) and is inhibited by primary alkylamines; both of these properties are shared by the enzyme transglutaminase (R-glutaminyl-peptide:amine gamma-glutamyl yltransferase, EC 2.3.2.13). In Chinese hamster ovary cell extracts, methylamine inhibits 25-50% of the transglutaminase activity with a K(i) of 0.2 mM, and it inhibits the remaining transglutaminase activity with a K(i) of 20 mM. Clustering is almost completely inhibited by 10 mM methylamine. The polypeptide antibiotic bacitracin inhibits clustering of rhodamine-labeled epidermal growth factor or alpha(2)-macroglobulin at 0.7 mM, and it inhibits approximately 40% of the transglutaminase activity in Chinese hamster ovary cells with a K(i) of 0.03 mM. Fluorescent ligands bound to cell surface receptors in the presence of bacitracin form clusters within 30 min after bacitracin is removed from the culture medium. These results indicate that a transglutaminase-like enzyme may be required for the clustering and subsequent internalization of occupied receptors. The effects of 10 mM methylamine and 0.7 mM bacitracin on epidermal growth factor stimulation of DNA synthesis were examined. The stimulation of DNA synthesis by epidermal growth factor was increased 2- to 7-fold in the presence of methylamine or bacitracin. Alone, methylamine or bacitracin increased DNA synthesis 1.1- to 3 fold. The stimulation of DNA synthesis resulting from the simultaneous presence of the hormone and the clustering inhibitor was always greater than the sum of the stimulations produced by the hormone and the clustering inhibitors alone. The potentiation of epidermal growth factor activity by clustering inhibitors suggests that the hormone acts at the cell surface. We propose that rapid internalization of occupied receptors via coated pits may be a mechanism to limit the response to hormones. PMID- 42904 TI - Prevention of genetic anemias in mice by microinjection of normal hematopoietic stem cells into the fetal placenta. AB - Mice homozygous for mutant genes at the W locus have a marked macrocytic anemia that is fatal in some genotypes. The defect is believed to originate in the developmentally pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell population. Anemia is first grossly manifest on day 13 of gestation, when the liver is the chief hematopoietic organ. The known paucity of blood-forming foci in livers of homozygotes and the limited formation of their erythrocytes suggested that such fetuses-unlike normal ones-might have conditions favorable for in utero seeding of genetically normal hematopoietic tissue. If this were accomplished before day 13, the anemia might essentially be prevented, or at least substantially mitigated, and normalcy soon achieved by cell selection. This proved to be the case. Allogeneic normal fetal liver cells were microinjected into the blood vessels of the fetal placenta on day 11 of gestation. Of eight mutant homozygotes born from segregating matings, six (four W/W, two W(v)/W(v)) were successfully populated with donor cells. Strain-specific hemoglobin markers demonstrated replacement of the erythroid lineage with the normal type, the rate of substitution being more rapid in the W/W (ordinarily more anemic) recipients. Strain-specific isozyme differences revealed that white blood cells were also replaced. Thus, the initial selective pressure, hence the W-mutant phenotypic lesion, must have occurred at the pluripotent stem cell stage. The animals remained immunologically tolerant of the donor cells and no graft-versus-host reaction occurred. The early introduction of hematopoietic cells differing genetically from all the other tissues of the animal provides possibilities for tracing normal hematopoietic lineages in vivo, for analyzing cell and tissue interactions, such as those between lymphocytes and thymus, and for clarifying the etiology of other blood or immune insufficiencies or malignancies. PMID- 42905 TI - Initiation of plasma prorenin activation by Hageman factor-dependent conversion of plasma prekallikrein to kallikrein. AB - Plasma prorenin is an inactive form of renin (EC 3.4.99.19) that can be converted to active renin in acid-treated plasma by an endogenous serine protease that is active at alkaline pH (alkaline phase activation). To identify this enzyme we first tested the ability of Hageman factor fragments, plasma kallikrein (EC 3.4.21.8), and plasmin (EC 3.4.21.7) to activate prorenin in acid-treated plasma. All three enzymes initiated prorenin activation; 50% activation was achieved with Hageman factor fragments at 1 microgram/ml, plasma kallikrein at 2-4 microgram/ml, or plasmin at 5-10 microgram/ml. We then showed that the alkaline phase of acid activation occurred normally in plasminogen-free plasma but was almost completely absent in plasmas deficient in either Hageman factor or prekallikrein; alkaline phase activation was restored to these latter plasmas when equal parts were mixed together. Therefore, both Hageman factor and prekallikrein were required for alkaline phase activation to occur. We then found that, although plasma kallikrein could activate prorenin in plasma deficient in either Hageman factor or prekallikrein, Hageman factor fragments were unable to activate prorenin in prekallikrein-deficient plasma. These studies demonstrate that alkaline phase prorenin activation is initiated by Hageman factor-dependent conversion of prekallikrein to kallikrein which, in turn, leads to activation of prorenin. In this fashion, we have revealed a possible link between the coagulation-kinin pathway and the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 42906 TI - Social gliding is correlated with the presence of pili in Myxococcus xanthus. AB - Myxococcus xanthus, an organism whose motility involves cell interactions, normally bears pili. Myxococcal pili are found only at cell poles, are less than 10 nm in diameter, and may be longer than a cell. Myxococcus has two basic patterns of cell movement, adventurous (A-motility) and social (S-motility). Pili are found to be completely correlated with the presence of S-motility. (The S motility pattern has many groups of cells, almost no single cells, and is governed by a set of genes called system S.) On the other hand, A-motility is in dependent of piliation. (The A-motility pattern has many single, isolated cells and it is governed by a second set of genes called system A.) Electron microscopic examination of more than 40 genetically different strains shows that all A+S+ (wild-type) and A-S+ strains have pili, but A+S- and A-S- strains lack them. Mutations in four different loci belonging to system S were tested and were found to stop productions of pili: the loci sg1A, sg1B, sg1G, and tg1. When brought into contact with tg1+ cells, cells of a tg1- strain, which lack pili, become phenotypically S+, produce pili, and become S-motile. Both motility and the production of pili are transient when initiated in this way. Thus it appears that pili permit cells that are close to one another to move. PMID- 42907 TI - Specific association of neurotransmitter with somatic lysosomes in an identified serotonergic neuron of Aplysia californica. AB - Injection of [3H]serotonin directly into the cell body of the giant metacerebral neuron (GCN), an identified serotonergic cell in the Aplysia cerebral ganglion, revealed a striking association of the labeled transmitter with large lysosomes. Most of the [3H]serotonin in the neuron is sequestered by lysosomes, which may function as storage depots for the transmitter. This localization is specific: [3H]serotonin was not found in similar lysosomes in the perikaryon of R2, an identified Aplysia cholinergic neuron. [3H]Dopamine, [3H]histamine, and [3H]-N acetylgalactosamine injected into the serotonergic neuron were not localized in lysosomes. Because of this specificity, it may be possible to use lysosomal binding of labeled transmitter as a radioautographic method for identifying the transmitter type of a nerve cell body. These organelles are lysosomal in origin because they contain acid phosphatase activity. Moreover, examination of isolated GCN cell bodies by fluorescence microscopy revealed the presence of abundant autofluorescent yellow pigment characteristic of lipofuscin. We suggest that [3H]serotonin labels organelles containing membranes that once were integral components of the serotonergic vesicle. Lysosomes might accumulate the transmitter with a high degree of specificity because they contain membranes, perhaps recycled from the neuron's synaptic terminals, that retain their ability to concentrate and bind serotonin. PMID- 42908 TI - Higher molecular weight forms of immunoreactive somatostatin in mouse hypothalamic extracts: evidence of processing in vitro. AB - Extracts of mouse hypothalamus made in acid/urea containing protease inhibitors were analyzed for somatostatin immunoreactivity after molecular sieve filtration on Sephadex G-50. Higher molecular weight (higher-M(r)) somatostatin-like forms with apparent molecular weights of 15,000, 10,000, and 6000 could be identified, besides the molecular weight 1600 somatostatin. Immunological identities with somatostatin were unambiguously demonstrated by the analysis of the displacement curves in the radioimmunoassay. The M(r) 15,000, 6000, and 1600 species were purified by affinity chromatography on an anti-somatostatin immune serum covalent conjugate with Sepharose used as immunoadsorbant. After disulfide reduction by dithiothreitol, the size of the M(r) 15,000 and 6000 somatostatin-like species was assessed either by molecular sieve filtration or by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results indicated that the higher-M(r) somatostatin-like species isolated from the hypothalamus did not result from hormone polymerization by means of disulfide interchange. The processing in vitro of the 15,000 higher M(r) form of somatostatin was achieved by proteolytic enzymes coeluted with this species during the fractionation of hypothalamic extracts. Under neutral pH conditions the intermediary higher-M(r) forms were generated together with the M(r) 1600 somatostatin-like species. This processing activity could be either strongly inhibited at acidic pH or in acid/urea medium or else eliminated by selective immunoadsorption of the 15,000 higher-M(r) form. Neither trypsin nor the gamma subunit of 7S nerve growth factor was able to produce this processing, suggesting that enzymes with other kinds of specificity may be involved. It is concluded that somatostatin biosynthesis in the mouse hypothalamus may occur via a high-M(r) precursor that is processed into intermediary forms leading to the tetradecapeptide hormone. PMID- 42909 TI - Intracellular dye-marked enkephalin neurons in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus of the goldfish hypothalamus. AB - A method that combines intracellular recording, dye marking, and immunocytochemistry makes the study of functional and morphological aspects of enkephalin neurons in the magnocellular preoptic nucleus of the goldfish hypothalamus feasible. By use of multiple techniques, enkephalin neurons can be distinguished from other brain cells and can be reconstructed from drawings of serial sections containing the dye-injected opioid cells. These enkephalin cells and their processes measure 14-42 micron in somata diameter and are unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar. Their electrophysiological properties match those of other mammalian and fish magnocellular endocrine cells. This report confirms the one neuron-one hormone (peptide) hypothesis, supports synaptic over electronic coupling between enkephalin and adjacent hypothalamic neurons, and suggests that chemical and functional classification of single electrophysiologically and neuroanatomically studied central neurons can be achieved. PMID- 42910 TI - 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of anaerobic glycolysis in suspensions of yeast cells. AB - Anaerobic glycolysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied by 13C NMR at 90.5 MHz. [1-13c]Glucose and [6-13C]glucose were fed to suspensions of yeast cells. Time courses for concentration changes of the starting material, of courses for concentration changes of the starting material, of the intermediate fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (Fru-P2), and of the end products, ethanol and glycerol, have been followed with 1-min time resolution. The glucose uptake was well fitted by a Michaelis-Menten model, assuming competition of alpha- and beta glucose for the same site. The Km for the uptake was found to be 10 mM for beta glucose and 5 mM for alpha-glucose. The concentration of Fru-P2 showed an initial oscillation before it reached a co,stant level. The 13C label, introduced only as [-13C]- or [6-13C]glucose, was observed in Fru-P2 in both the C1 and C6 positions, simultaneously. From the relative intensities of the C1 Fru-P2 and C6 Fru-P2 peaks in the presence of [1-13C]- and [6-13C]glucose, in vivo kinetic information was obtained about the aldolase-triosephosphate isomerase triangle. We found that under the conditions of these experiments the ratios of backward to forward velocities through aldolase and triosephosphate isomerase were 0.9 +/- 0.1 and 0.8 +/- 1, respectively, indicating they were close to equilibrium. PMID- 42911 TI - Uroporphyrinogen I synthase from human erythrocytes: separation, purification, and properties of isoenzymes. AB - Uroporphyrinogen I synthase [porphobilinogen ammonia-lyase (polymerizing), EC 4.3.1.8] from human erythrocytes was separated into two active protein peaks (A and B on DEAE-cellulose, by ammonium sulfate fractionation, on Sephadex G-100, and on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 with a NaCl gradient. The final purification was 613 and 743 times for A and B, respectively. The corresponding yields were 2.2 and 3.4% Fraction A was separated further into two (A1 and A2) active protein bands and fraction B into three (B1, B2, and B3) on analytical polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. Bands A1 and A2 were identical with B1 and B2; B3 represented a third isoenzyme. Molecular weights (mean +/- SEM), measured by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were 38,000 +/- 1000 for B1 and 40,000 +/- 1000 for B2 and B3. Isoelectric focusing on 4% polyacrylamide gel separated both fractions A and B into three active protein bands. Maximal activity of the enzyme was found in gel cuts (5-mm) at pH 5.6 for both fractions A and B. PMID- 42912 TI - Amplification and characterization of the proline transport carrier of Escherichia coli K-12 by using proT+ hybrid plasmids. AB - A previous report [Motojima, K., Yamato, I. & Anraku, Y. (1978) J. Bacteriol. 136, 5-9) described the characteristics of mutants (proT-) of Escherichia coli K 12 that are defective in proline transport carrier activity. Two hybrid plasmids from the Clarke and Carbon colony bank were found to complement the mutation by conjugation and transformation. Analysis with restriction endonucleases showed that both plasmid DNAs carried the same fragment of the E. coli chromosome. A polypeptide with a molecular weight of 24,000, specifically coded for by the proT+ plasmid, was identified in the cytoplasmic membrane by using a double isotope labeling method in a minicell system. The strain harboring the proT+ plasmid has 6 times as much proline transport carrier as the wild strain. This amplification of the carrier makes it possible to measure proline binding to the carrier by microequilibrium dialysis. Detailed analysis of binding indicated that the maximal amount of proline bound to the carrier is 0.70 nmol/mg of protein of the cytoplasmic membrane of the amplified strain. From this value and the assumption that the carrier has one binding site per minimal molecular weight of 24,000, the content of the proline transport carrier in the cytoplasmic membrane was estimated to be 1.7%. PMID- 42913 TI - Transport of gamma-glutamyl amino acids: role of glutathione and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. AB - This work relates to the hypothesis that one of the mechanisms that mediates amino acid translocation across cell membranes involves the action of membrane bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase on intracellular glutathione and extracellular amino acids to form gamma-glutamyl amino acids. According to this idea, the latter are translocated into the cell where the gamma-glutamyl moiety is removed to yield free amino acids. Previous studies in this laboratory showed that intracellular glutathione is translocated out of many cells. We have now directly examined the transport of gamma-glutamyl amino acids into tissues in the mouse by use of the model substrate L-gamma-glutamyl-L-[14C]methionine sulfone. Of 11 tissues examined, only the kidney showed strong and preferential uptake of the substrate. A substantial amount of the administered L-gamma-glutamyl-L [14C]methionine sulfone was found intact in the kidney; the total uptake of this compound was greater (by about 2-fold) than that of free L-methionine sulfone. Studies with a number of other gamma-glutamyl amino acids and gamma-glutamyl compounds indicate that the kidney has a relatively specific transport system for gamma-glutamyl amino acids. Small but significant amounts of gamma glutamylmethionine sulfone were found in the liver and pancreas, suggesting that other tissues may also have this system. Transport of gamma-glutamylmethionine sulfone into the kidney was inhibited by inhibitors of glutathione synthesis and of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The results suggest that both the transpeptidase and glutathione may be involved in transport of gamma-glutamyl amino acids. PMID- 42914 TI - Structural order of lipids and proteins in membranes: evaluation of fluorescence anisotropy data. AB - The limiting long-time value of fluorescence anisotropy in membranes is correlated with the orientational order parameter, which characterizes the structural anisotropy of membranes. Existing experimental results for diphenylhexatriene in lipid bilayers are evaluated for the order parameter of lipid order. Steady-state measurements of fluorescence anisotropy can provide the order parameter in good approximation. Proteins in a fluid lipid phase increase the lipid order parameter so determined. Upon comparison with the order parameter from deuterium magnetic resonance, it is concluded that proteins increase the order of the surrounding lipids in off-normal directions. Order parameters of protein order obtained from the limiting value of protein fluorescence anisotropy are discussed with respect to the influence of lipid order on protein order. PMID- 42915 TI - Quantitative relationship between beta-adrenergic receptor number and physiologic responses as studied with a long-lasting beta-adrenergic antagonist. AB - The aminobenzyl analog of propranolol, 1- (p-amino-alpha,alpha dimethylphenethylamino)-3-(1-naphthoxy)-2- propanol, was synthesized and found to be a potent beta-adrenergic blocking agent. The beta-adrenergic receptors of cultured rat C6 glioma cells (2B clone) as assessed by [(125)I]iodohydroxybenzylpindolol binding were decreased 50 and >95% after pretreatment with 8 nM and 1 muM aminobenzylpropranolol, respectively. Unlike propranolol, aminobenzylpropranolol displayed a prolonged blockade of receptors that was maintained during several hours of washing. [(125)I]Iodohydroxybenzylpindolol saturation binding experiments in cells exposed to aminobenzylpropranolol and subsequently washed indicated that the compound effectively diminished receptor number with no change in the affinity of the remaining receptors for iodohydroxybenzylpindolol. Aminobenzylpropranolol inhibited catecholamine-stimulated intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation; with increasing blockade, isoproterenol dose-response curves became progressively shifted to the right but the maximal response was unaltered. Aminobenzylpropranolol inhibited the beta-adrenergic contractile response in atria isolated from rats and guinea pigs. Treatment with 0.1 and 10 muM aminobenzylpropranolol produced decreases of 0.5 and 2 orders of magnitude in the contractile potency of isoproterenol. As in glioma cells, aminobenzylpropranolol failed to decrease the maximal response to isoproterenol. The effects of aminobenzylpropranolol persisted during extensive washing of atria (up to 17 hr). Repeated exposures to isoproterenol at concentrations sufficient to produce maximal tension development also failed to alleviate the blockade. The inotropic potency of histamine in guinea pig atria was not affected by aminobenzylpropranolol. These data suggest that catecholamines are capable of eliciting full biological responses in glioma cells and isolated atria even though the great majority of beta-adrenergic receptors are persistently blocked. PMID- 42916 TI - Induction of glutamine synthetase in embryonic neural retina: localization in Muller fibers and dependence on cell interactions. AB - The cellular localization of glutamine synthetase [GSase; L-glutamate:ammonia ligase(ADP)-forming), EC 6.3.1.2] induced by cortisol in the neural retina of chicken embryos was investigated by immunostaining with GSase-specific antiserum and indirect immunofluorescence. In organ cultures of retina tissue, and in the retina in vivo, hormone-induced GSase was found to be confined only to the Muller fibers (retinoglia). Also, in mature chicken retina, which contains a very high level of GSase, the enzyme was detected solely in Muller fibers. In short-term monolayer cultures of dispersed embryonic retina cells, there was no GSase induction and no immunodetectable increase in enzyme level. However, when the dispersed cells were reaggregated and they restituted retinotypic cell associations, GSase could be induced and it was localized in Muller fibers. The results suggest that, in addition to the hormonal stimulus, contact-dependent interactions between Muller glia cells and retina neurons are involved in the mechanism of GSase induction in the retina. PMID- 42917 TI - Alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation of arachidonic acid metabolism in cells in culture. AB - Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) synthesize prostaglandin (PG) F(2alpha), PGI(2) (measured as 6-keto-PGE(1alpha)), PGE(2), PGD(2), and thromboxane A(2) (measured as thromboxane B(2)). When incubated in the presence of norepinephrine (6 muM), the syntheses of these arachidonic acid metabolites are stimulated 3 fold. Norepinephrine's effect can be antagonized by the addition of alpha adrenergic receptor blocking agents (phenoxybenzamine>phentolamine>yohimbine>dibenamine>tolazoline) but not by the beta-adrenergic blocking drug propranolol. Norepinephrine's stimulation is also inhibited by low concentrations of dihydroergotamine, bromocryptine, ergocryptine, and ergotamine. The stimulation of PG synthesis by norepinephrine is reversible, continues during the 24 hr of incubation, and requires the presence of norepinephrine at the receptor site but it is not blocked by the addition of colchicine, cytochalasin B, or cycloheximide. Neither phenoxybenzamine nor ergotamine at concentrations that block norepinephrine's stimulation of PG biosynthesis suppresses the increase in PG synthesis induced by exogenous arachidonic acid, suggesting that the alpha-adrenergic regulation is not occurring primarily at the cyclooxygenase step in the metabolism of arachidonic acid. In mouse lymphoma cells (WEHI-5), low concentrations of isoproterenol or norepinephrine stimulate the synthesis of thromboxane, an effect that can be blocked by the addition of propranolol but not by relatively high concentrations of phenoxybenzamine or ergotamine. Taken together, these results suggest that alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation promotes the deacylation of phospholipids by MDCK cells whereas beta-adrenergic mechanisms lead to activation of similar pathways in WEHI-5 cells. PMID- 42918 TI - Cellular site of gastric acid secretion. AB - Isolated gastric glands of the rabbit were examined both with differential interference-contrast microscopy and with electron microscopy to describe the morphologic correlates of acid secretion. Stimulation of the glands with histamine resulted in the development of intracellular spaces within the parietal cells. A similar transformation was produced by addition of 1 mM aminopyrine, whether the weak base was added in the presence of normal-K+ (5.4 mM) or high-K+ (108 mM) solutions. The intracellular space was compatible with the expanded canaliculus described in stimulated parietal cells. Confirmation that the space produced by histamine is the site of acid secretion was gained by combining fluorescence and interference-contrast methods in the presence of the dye acridine orange, which displays a pH-dependent metachromasia in its emission spectrum. Human gastrin I resulted in an observable discharge of peptic granules. PMID- 42919 TI - Effects of D- and L- enantiomers of adenosine, AMP and ADP and their 2-chloro- and 2-azido- analogues on human platelets. AB - Aggregation of human platelets by ADP and the inhibition of this effect by adenosine are apparently mediated by different receptors. One of the criteria for receptors is that they show stereospecificity for their ligands. We have synthesized L-enantiomers of D-adenosine, AMP and ADP, together with their corresponding photolysable 2-azido analogues so that platelet receptors could be tested for stereospecificity. All of the L-enantiomers were completely inactive as aggregators or inhibitors of platelet function. None of the L-enantiomers changed levels of platelet cAMP. 2-Azido-L-adenosine, AMP and ADP are proposed as useful controls in photoaffinity experiments for non-specific labelling. PMID- 42920 TI - Membrane potential and ion concentration stability conditions for a cell with a restricted extracellular space. AB - For an isolated membrane, the resting (zero current) potential is stable is the slope conductance is positive, and is unstable if the slope conductance is negative. Recent work suggests that the properties of many preparations are influenced by the presence of an extracellular space that is not in good diffusive contact with the bulk extracellular fluid. Ionic current flow across the membrane changes the ion concentrations in this space. These concentration changes affect the stability of the membrane potential. Even if the slope conductance is negative, the presence of the extracellular space can confer stability on the resting potential. Conversely, even if the slope conductance is positive, the extracellular space can produce instability of the resting potential. Evaluation of the relevant parameters for cardiac Purkinje fibres, from published experimental data, suggests that concentration changes in the extracellular space may play a significant role in determining when an action potential is initiated. PMID- 42921 TI - Oncofoetal antigens of human trophoblast. AB - Rabbits immunized with human trophoblast cell membranes produced antibodies that were detected, by immunofluorescence, to react with normal human tissues, and, by complement-mediated cytotoxicity, with several transformed human cell lines. Absorption with trophoblast abolished all of these reactions, whereas multiple absorptions with lymphocytes, liver or kidney failed to remove reactivity with either trophoblast or certain transformed cells. To further identify the antigens responsible for these antibodies, rabbits were immunized with a chromatographed fraction of deoxycholate-solubilzed membranes prepared from KCl-extracted, ultracentrifuge-prepared trophoblast microvilli. The resultant IgG antibody reacted specifically with syncytiotrophoblastic membranes in sections of human placentae, in addition to recognizing the membranes of viable Chang liver, AV3, HEp-2, Sw/156 (kidney) and Sw/527 (breast) cells. That normal tissues, baboon or monkey placentae, and HeLa or Daudi cell lines did not react with this antibody, indicates the presence of species- and organ-specific antigens in human trophoblast, as well as the existence of trophoblast cross-reactive antigens on some transformed cells. The selective localization of these antigens at the interface of the materno-foetal graft suggests that they function biologically in the host-parasite relation of human pregnancy; their appearance on many transformed cells implies a similar function in the host-parasite relation of some human cancers. PMID- 42922 TI - The annual testicular cycle in an equatorial colony of lesser rock hyrax, Heterohyrax brucei. AB - Adult males from a colony of lesser rock hyrax found near the equator in Kenya exhibited an annual cycle of testicular activity characterized by intense spermatogenesis and elevated androgen status from May to July. Average masses of testes and seminal vesicles taken in these months were almost fourfold greater than those from September to January. During the months of peak testicular activity average diameters of Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules were increased by approximately one half and total tubule length was doubled, compared with values for the quiescent months. Variable testicular development occurred during transitional intervals preceding and following peak testicular activity. From February to Aril thickening of the seminiferous epithelium and appearance of spermatozoa in the caput epididymidis signalled re-establishment of sperm production. In August shedding of germinal cells from the epithelium heralded impending failure of spermatogenesis. Evidence of an annual testicular cycle contradicted the prevalent belief that equatorial hyrax breed all year and suggested that the testicular cycle is a conservative element of hyracoid reproductive strategy. PMID- 42923 TI - The action of substance P on neurons of the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig small intestine. AB - Extracellular and intracellular recordings were made in vitro from single neurons of the myenteric plexus of the guinea-pig small intestine. Synthetic substance P was applied to the neurons by means of the perfusing solution or by electrophoresis from micropipettes. Extracellular recording showed that substance P (100 pm-30 nm), applied by perfusion, increased the firing rate of myenteric neurons. Intracellular recording indicated that perfusion with substance P caused a dose-dependent membrane depolarization which was unaffected by hexamethonium, hyoscine, naloxone or baclofen. The depolarization was also evoked by electrophoretic application of substance P. It was associated with an increase in membrane resistance, augmented by membrane depolarization and reduced by membrane hyperpolarization. The relation between the substance P reversal potential and the logarithm of the extracellular potassium concentration was linear with a slope of 54 mV/log10[K+], which indicates that substance P inactivates the resting potassium conductance of the myenteric neurons. This effect on ion conductance is the same as that of an unknown substance that mediates slow synaptic excitations with the myenteric plexus. PMID- 42924 TI - The structure and function of the labrum in the lobster Homarus gammarus (L.). AB - The labrum of decapod crustaceans is a soft lobe overhanging the mouth. The labral skeleton, musculature and innervation of Homarus gammarus are described. There are three bilateral groups of sensory neurons innervating the floor, lobe and lateral walls of the labrum. These are probably responsible for the phasic afferent activity that can be recorded from the inner labral nerve on mechanical deformation of the labrum. The labrum undergoes rhythmical retraction-protraction movements during ingestion and is shown to be active during both mandibular activity and oesophageal peristalsis. Studies were made on the duration and frequency of labral "swallowing" activity. The role of the labrum in feeding is discussed. PMID- 42925 TI - Oesophageal sensors and their modulatory influence on oesophageal peristalsis in the lobster, Homarus gammarus. AB - The musculature and innervation of the oesophagus of Homarus gammarus are described as a prerequisite to studies on the mechanisms and control of food ingestion. Of particular interest are two paired sensors (the anterior and posterior oesophageal sensors) which are bilaterally situated at the oesophageal cardiac sac valve. These are similar to contact chemoreceptors previously described in insects and are classified as such on morphological grounds and with indirect electrophysiological evidence. Oesophageal peristalsis is effected by the coordinated contraction of the Oesophageal musculature. This is controlled by rhythmical bursting neuronal activity, which can be recorded from the nerve trunks in the area. A characteristic burst recorded from the superior oesophageal nerve is used as an indication of oesophageal dilatation during peristalsis for studies on the feedback effects of the oesophageal sensors. Electrical and chemical stimulation of the posterior oesophageal sensors can initiate and increase the frequency of oesophageal peristalsis, while stimulation of the anterior oesophageal sensors can slow and terminate oesophageal peristalsis. The results are discussed and a model presented of the role of the oesophageal sensors in feeding. PMID- 42926 TI - Lipid composition of marine and estuarine invertebrates: porifera and cnidaria. PMID- 42927 TI - Role of acylcoenzyme A: cholesterol o-acyltransferase in cholesterol metabolism. PMID- 42928 TI - Interaction of self-stimulation and ethanol-intake behaviors in rats. PMID- 42929 TI - Peripheral catecholamines and memory: characteristics of syrosingopine-induced amnesia. AB - The effect of syrosingopine on retention of a passive avoidance trial in mice was investigated. The drug given in doses of 2.5, 4.0 or 6.0 mg/kg 2 hr before training, but not when given 24 or 0.5 hr or immediately after training, resulted in amnesia 7 days later. Dopamine or norepinephrine administered systemically 15 min before to 10 min after training was able to block the syrosingopine-induced amnesia. The role of peripheral catecholamines in memory formation was discussed. PMID- 42930 TI - Alterations in myocardial adenylate cyclase in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Particulate fractions of myocardium taken from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) contained an adenylate cyclase system that was less responsive than normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats to norepinephrine, isoproterenol (mixed beta agonist), salbutamol (beta 2-agonist), dobutamine (beta 1-agonist), dopamine, histamine, and glucagon. Addition of 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate to the SHR myocardial preparation again yielded a lessened sensitivity to all agents except norepinephrine, dopamine, and histamine. Chronic treatment of SHR with clonidine and a high dose of propranolol produced a cardiac enzyme that was insensitive to activation by norepinephrine. Similar treatment with a low dose of propranolol did not alter myocardial responses to norepinephrine. PMID- 42931 TI - Long-term sleep laboratory evaluation of flunitrazepam. AB - A sleep laboratory hypnotic drug evaluation study was conducted in which 2 mg flunitrazepam, a benzodiazepine with a half life of intermediate duration, was administered nightly to 6 insomniac subjects for 4 consecutive weeks. The drug was effective with short-term use. However, tolerance developed for sleep maintenance during the intermediate- and long-term drug administration periods. Following drug withdrawal, a significant worsening of sleep above baseline levels occurred. These data are consistent with our previous findings of rebound insomnia following withdrawal of short- and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines. PMID- 42932 TI - Dual histamine receptor mechanism in guinea-pig lung. AB - Isolated guinea-pig lung parenchymal strips (GPLS) relaxed in response to the selective histamine H2-receptor agonists, dimaprit and 4-methylhistamine (4-MeH), and to low doses of histamine (10(-9) to 10(-7) mol/l) and contracted in response to several spasmogens. The order of the relative activity of the spasmogens was 2 methylhistamine (2-MeH) greater than histamine greater than carbachol greater than 2-pyridylethylamine (2-PE). Dimaprit and 4-MeH also relaxed GPLS which were contracted by 2-MeH, 2-PE or carbachol. Metiamide (a selective H2-antagonist: 5 x 10(-5) mol/l inhibited or reversed relaxations to histamine, dimaprit and 4-MeH, and significantly enhanced contractile responses to histamine without altering responses to carbachol. Mepyramine (a selective H1-receptor antagonist: 10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/l antagonized histamine-induced contractions. This investigation shows: (1) histamine is more active than carbachol in GPLS and (2) the occurrence of histamine H1-receptors mediating contraction and H2-receptors mediating relaxation in guinea-pig lung. PMID- 42933 TI - Studies on the inhibition of adrenaline-induced aggregation of blood platelets. AB - alpha-Adrenoceptors of platelets seem to differ from those of other cell types. The inhibitory effect of alpha-adrenoceptor-blocking agents on adrenaline-induced aggregation of human platelets does not parallel that on adrenaline-induced contraction of rabbit aortic strips. The most potent inhibitors of adrenaline induced platelet aggregation are the dihydrogenated ergot alkaloids of the peptide type. Among the other ergoline derivatives testes, only lisuride has a stronger inhibitory effect than those of natural ergot alkaloids. PMID- 42934 TI - Principles of drug treatment for hypertension: indications for treatment and for selection of drugs. PMID- 42935 TI - Stoichiometry of the mixed function oxidase. PMID- 42936 TI - The docking manoeuvre at a drug receptor: a quantum mechanical study of intercalative attack of ethidium and its carboxylated derivative on a DNA fragment. PMID- 42937 TI - American Physiological Society Fall scientific meeting. October 15-19, 1979. New Orleans, Louisiana. Abstracts. PMID- 42938 TI - Psychoendocrine model of depression. PMID- 42939 TI - Neurohumoral and endocrine control of feeding. PMID- 42940 TI - The regulation of insulin-induced and sleep-related human growth hormone secretion: a review. PMID- 42941 TI - Is it useful to combine drug therapy with psychotherapy? PMID- 42942 TI - Psychotropic drugs: uses in medical and psychosomatic disorders. PMID- 42943 TI - Malignant neuroleptic syndrome: an atypical case. PMID- 42944 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in the fetal pig during late gestation. AB - In acute experiments on pregnant sows under sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia, acid base balance, oxygenation and plasma metabolite concentrations were well maintained in the dam and all fetuses which remained undisturbed in utero, irrespective of the duration of the experiment. Fetal liver glycogen concentrations were also unaffected by the time of removal of the fetus. By contrast, intravascular catheterization and withdrawal of blood led to fetal hyperglycaemia and depletion of hepatic glycogen although blood gas and pH values were not changed by these procedures. In the 1 1/2--2 h sampling period following catheterization the normal positive umbilical venous-arterial differences in plasma glucose and lactate generally became reversed. These changes were prevented by the administration of hexamethonium (10--15 mg . kg-1 i.v.) but the drug did not block the fall in hepatic glycogen in catheterized fetuses. Both adrenaline and noradrenaline, which were each infused intravenously at 2.7--3.9 or 0.6--0.9 microgram . kg-1 . min-1, resulted in fetal hyperglycaemia and lacticacidemia together with a fall in arterial blood pH; hepatic glycogen concentrations in these fetuses were also reduced. The apparent sensitivity of the glycogenolytic mechanism to surgical trauma and haemorrhage in the fetal piglet is discussed in relation to findings in other species. PMID- 42945 TI - The effects of smoking and urinary pH on a detection task. PMID- 42946 TI - [Importance of heat conduction for the therapeutic limits of the selective local hyperthermia of cancerous tissues]. PMID- 42947 TI - Syndromes with multiple endocrine gland involvement. PMID- 42948 TI - Comparison of substrate specificities of the human placental NAD- and NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenases. AB - A study of the relative activity of the purified placental NAD- and NADP-linked 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenases with various prostaglandins and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) suggests that most, if not all, oxidation in the placenta of the 15-hydroxyl group of prostaglandins of the A, E, and F series as well as PGI2 (prostacyclin) and 6-keto PGF1 alpha is catalyzed by the NAD-linked enzyme. Prostaglandin B1 is an excellent substrate for the NADP-linked enzyme. Despite the conformational similarities between PGB1 and PGI2, the latter molecule is a poor substrate for the NADP-linked enzyme. Thromboxane B2 is not oxidized by the NAD-linked enzyme and is oxidized slowly by the NADP-linked enzyme. PMID- 42949 TI - [Acid reaction of skin surface and the methods of its measurement]. PMID- 42950 TI - [Medical treatment of ozena]. PMID- 42951 TI - [Alcoholic hepatitis. Clinical, analytical and morphological evaluation]. PMID- 42952 TI - [Basis for the differential diagnosis of angiitis]. PMID- 42953 TI - [Modification of the action of drugs by inhibition of their metabolism]. PMID- 42954 TI - [Epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of hypertension in adolescence]. PMID- 42955 TI - [Peptic ulcer: a social and therapeutic problem still current]. PMID- 42956 TI - Pharmacological comparison of isolated bronchial artery and pulmonary vein: possible functional relationships. AB - Using selective agonists and antagonists, active alpha and beta 1-adrenoceptors and muscarinic cholinoceptors were identified in isolated strips of bronchial artery and pulmonary vein. Beta 2 receptors were located in the bronchial artery only. The bronchial artery was more sensitive to phenylephrine and less sensitive to carbachol than the corresponding pulmonary vein, which was in turn more sensitive to the spasmogenic action of serotonin, SRS-A and prostaglandins than the artery. Both vessels contained histamine H1-receptors and tryptamine D receptors. Histamine H2-receptors were confined to the pulmonary vein. The data are consistent with the involvement of both bronchial and pulmonary vasculature in allergic pulmonary diseases. PMID- 42957 TI - Effect of beta-adrenergic drugs on plasma glucose and glucagon in Japanese quail: a preliminary report. AB - The present study was conducted to determine the effects of beta-adrenergic stimulation on plasma glucose and glucagon (IRG) levels in Japanese quail. Isoproterenol, epinephrine and three relatively selective beta-adrenoceptor agonists (terbutaline, salbutamol and reproterol) produced dose-related hyperglycemia and hypoglucagonemia. This study demonstrates that beta adrenoceptor agonists produce hyperglycemia in birds as they do in mammals, but that the rise in plasma glucose in birds, unlike mammals, is accompanied by a profound fall in plasma IRG levels. PMID- 42958 TI - A selective medium facilitating the isolation and recognition of Bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs. AB - A medium was developed that in most instances allowed the isolation from pigs of Bordetella (Alcaligenes) bronchiseptica in pure, or virtually pure, culture from such sites as the nasal cavity, which contains many other bacteria. If not suppressed, some of the latter can inhibit, sometimes completely, the growth of the bordetellae on artificial media. Besides being markedly selective, the new medium is simple to prepare, reasonably cheap and practically noninhibitory to B bronchiseptica. This organism produces a distinctive colony that is easily differentiated on morphological grounds from the few other bacteria (such as Alcaligenes faecalis and Pseudomonas spp) which also grow on this medium. Parallel examination of specimens from the nasal cavities of 219 pigs in the field in southern England confirmed that this medium was better than hitherto recommended for the detection of B bronchiseptica. This was particularly true when the organism occurred in small numbers only and/or when bacteria little affected by the inhibitors in the previously recommended media were present in the nasal flora. PMID- 42959 TI - Effect of hypocapnia on intracellular pH during metabolic acidosis. AB - Separate and combined effects of acute metabolic acidosis and hypocapnia were determined in skeletal and cardiac muscles of intact rats. Normocapnic metabolic acidosis, imposed by intraperitoneal injection of hydrochloric acid (6 mEq/kg), did not change skeletal muscle intracellular acid--base parameters. Hypocapnia, induced by mechanical hyperventilation, resulted in intracellular alkalosis within skeletal muscle during both respiratory alkalosis and compensated metabolic acidosis; changes of skeletal muscle intracellular bicarbonate concentration per unit change in carbon dioxide tension were identical during these two experimental procedures. These data suggest that processes other than physicochemical buffering neutralize protons taken into skeletal muscle cells during acute metabolic acidosis. The acid--base state of the heart was quite stable during these experimental manipulations; thus, it appears that cardiac muscle has an extraordinary buffering ability. Moreover, our data suggest that processes other than physicochemical buffering maintain cardiac intracellular pH normal during hypocapnia. PMID- 42960 TI - [Abstracts of the 11th National Congress of Microbiology (Mexico)]. PMID- 42961 TI - [Pediatrics in 1979]. PMID- 42962 TI - [Dental injuries]. PMID- 42963 TI - Free T4, free T3 and free reverse T3 in dialysates of serum. The influence of electrolytes and pH with special reference to the physiological range. AB - The influence of electrolyte composition and pH of buffer on free T4, free rT3, and free T3 concentrations in serum dialysates has been evaluated, using an equilibrium dialysis method with subsequent direct radioimmunoassay estimations of the dialysate. Cl-, HCO3- and H+ were found to be the important ions which at concentrations similar to those occurring in vivo decreased the protein binding of all three hormones in serum, T3 being much less sensitive to these changes than T4 and rT3. The possible influence of pathological concentrations of electrolytes in serum on estimated free thyroid hormone concentrations is discussed. Because the effect of in vivo changes in serum Cl-, HCO3- and H+ on free thyroid hormone concentrations to a certain extent tend to counteract each other, it is concluded that electrolyte and pH disturbances only to a minor extent can affect measurements on free T4, free rT3 and free T3 concentrations in serum obtained by an equilibrium dialysis method. PMID- 42964 TI - Role of preload and inotropy in stroke volume regulation at constant heart rate. AB - The relationship between preload and inotropy on left ventricular function was studied in anaesthetized open-chest dogs, by measuring left ventricular dimensions and stroke volume before and during saline infusion at different levels of inotropy. Left ventricular dimensions were continuously estimated by recording myocardial chord length (MCL) in the anterior wall of the left ventricle by ultrasonic technique. The effects of isoproterenol, a stimulator of adrenergic beta-receptors (high inotropy), and propranolol, an inhibitor of adrenergic beta-receptors (low inotropy), were examined during right atrial pacing at constant heart rate averaging 161 +/- 5 beats/min. Stroke volume was varied within the range 9.0 +/- 1.7 ml to 28.6 +/- 3.2 ml by increasing inotropy and preload. To increase preload, saline was infused intravenously until end diastolic MCL increased by about 10% and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was higher than 10 mmHg. At constant heart rate and blood volume, both before and during saline infusion, end-diastolic MCL was not influenced by isoproterenol or propranolol administration. End-systolic MCL was reduced by raising inotropy. The difference between end-diastolic and end-systolic MCL, the systolic myocardial shortening (MS), increased during saline infusion; the relative increase in MS was the same at high and low inotropy. On average, MS was more than 50% longer at high than at low inotropy, both before and after saline infusion. Thus, left ventricular end-diastolic volume is increased by saline infusion and end-systolic volume is reduced by increasing inotropy. Preload and inotropy exert independent effects on stroke volume. PMID- 42965 TI - Cardiac performance: optimal heart rate for maximal cardiac output. AB - To determine optimal heart rate for the maximal cardiac output at various levels of inotropy and blood volume, the relationship between heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV) was examined in anaesthetized dogs during right atrial pacing. Myocardial inotropy was raised by intravenous infusion of isoproterenol, a stimulator of adrenergic beta-receptors, and reduced by propranolol, an inhibitor of adrenergic beta-receptors. Circulating blood volume was increased by saline infusion. Within the range of optimal heart rate, SV and HR were inversely related: SV = k (HR0-HR), where k indicates the relationship between changes in SV and HR. The intercept with the HR axis is HR0. At constant HR a rise in inotropy increased SV and a fall in inotropy reduced SV. These changes in SV were eual at every HR, and k was therefore constant. In contrast, blood volume expansion increased SV more at low than at high HR (k increased), but HR0 was not significantly changed. Calculated maximal cardiac output: k.HR02/4, and optimal heart/rate: HR0/2, agreed with observations when maximal cardiac output was raised from 1900 to 4500 ml/min by increasing blood volume and inotropy. Optimal HR was not influenced by changes in blood volume, but was increased from 160 to 200 beats/min by increasing inotropy. We conclude that the optimal heart rate and the maximal cardiac output can be predicted from the linear relationship between SV and HR during right atrial pacing. PMID- 42966 TI - Influence of beta-adrenoceptor blockade on leg blood flow and lactate release in man. AB - Nine healthy male volunteers were studied at rest and during exercise before and after acute local beta-blockade in one leg. Oxygen uptake, arterial pressure, heart rate, leg blood flow and arterial-femoral venous differences for oxygen and lactate were determined. In addition, five subjects were studied at rest during adrenaline infusion to test the blockade; in this situation the increase in leg blood flow and decrease in resistance seen in the control leg were prevented in the blocked leg. During exercise, the beta-blockade did not influence leg blood flow. At rest, lactate release was abolished from the blocked leg, and during exercise the release was reduced by 50%. These findings demonstrate that acute betareceptor blockade does not interfere with the exercise-induced vasadilation but has metabolic consequences reflected by a reduction in the release of lactate from the leg. PMID- 42968 TI - XVII Nordic Congress in Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Physiology. Oslo, Norway, August 7-10, 1979: abstracts. PMID- 42967 TI - Stimulation of heart rate by insulin: uninfluenced by beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in rabbits. AB - Intravenous injection of insulin increased heart rate approximately 20% in six alloxan-diabetic rabbits. Blood glucose concentrations after insulin did not decrease below the fasting level of non-diabetic animals and none of the rabbits had signs of hypoglycermia. Intravenous injection of saline or insulin solvent had no effect on heart rate. The stimulatory effect of insulin on heart rate was not influenced by autonomic nervous blockade by propranolol or by propranolol plus atropine. PMID- 42969 TI - Colloidal gold probes--a further evaluation. AB - Colloidal gold provides an immuno- and cytochemical marker suitable both for TEM and SEM. Various parameters involved in the preparation and stability of gold markers of various sizes and of probes have been reviewed and modifications in methodology suggested based on a study of factors affecting the performance of the gold marker system. In particular, dependence of protein adsorption on pH conditions correlating with protein pI is further confirmed. Presence of bioactive protein in gold probes is demonstrated and quantitated by radioassay (125I) and agglutination procedures. PMID- 42970 TI - SEM freeze-fracture studies of the otoconial membrane of the frog lagena. PMID- 42971 TI - Formation area of the statoconia. PMID- 42972 TI - The shape, polarization, and innervation of sensory hair cells in the guinea pig crista ampullaris and macula utriculi. PMID- 42973 TI - [Chronic respiratory insufficiency in general practice]. AB - The clinical entity of chronic respiratory insufficiency involves a variety of lung diseases with different etiology. Diagnosis, treatment and follow-up are mainly a problem of ambulatory medicine. The most common representative is the patient with chronic obstructive lung disease. The wide array of diagnostic tools makes the selection of appropriate tests difficult for the general practitioner. The clinical findings, as the most important aspect, together with a simple spirometric test (VC and FEV1), however, provide the physician with sufficient parameters to evaluate the current status. Blood gas analysis are indispenable, but can be performed at lengthy intervals. The main therapy relies on selective beta-agonists in combination with steroids. For long-term administration of steroids, however, inhaled steroids should be preferred. Antibiotics should be used liberally and without delay. Cardiac therapy is an important cornerstone in the treatment of chronic respiratory insufficiency. The frequency of glycoside intolerance makes diuretics the ideally suited drug for treatment of concomitant cardiac insufficiency. It is advantageous to use consistent inhalation therapy for drug administration, mainly due to the milder systemic side-effects. A choice must be made between the simple electric nebulizer or the more demanding IPPB respirator, which requires more demanding patient selection. Both types can be leased through Cantonal institutions, which also provide for regular control of inhalation techniques and maintenance of the inhalation devices. Physiotherapy plays an important part in the instruction of patients as well as providing them with psychological assistance and support in everyday problems. Regular monthly controls by a physician with a standardized questionnaire have proven most useful in guiding the patients and adjusting therapy to individual needs. The frequency of hospitalization can only be reduced by observing all the above mentioned factors. PMID- 42974 TI - [Communications presented at the 1979 meeting of the Swiss group for the study of stomatology and jaw surgery. Lausanne, 24 February 1979]. PMID- 42975 TI - [Tooth reimplantation in children after an injurious accident. Presentation of clinical cases]. PMID- 42976 TI - [Mouth and throat disinfectant preparation--dental aspects]. AB - The oral fermentability of 10 mouth and throat disinfectant lozenges available in Switzerland were tested telemetrically. Because of their high sugar content all products produced immediate and long-lasting pH depressions in the interdental plaque except for a sugar-free preparation intended for diabetic patients. The cariogenic potential as well as the contraindication of such tablets in the treatment of infections of the oral mucosa, gingivitis, periodontitis or following dental surgery are shown. PMID- 42977 TI - [Causes of tooth loss in Switzerland. Results of an inquiry of private dental practitioners]. AB - The reasons for tooth loss in different age groups were analysed. The data were compiled from questionnaires sent to 99 private dental practices chosen at random in Switzerland. Caries was the most common reason given for tooth extraction in younger age groups. After 40 years of age, however, the number of teeth extracted because of periodontal disease was higher than the number removed for any other reason. PMID- 42978 TI - [Neurocristopathies : embryology, physiology, and pathology of the neural crest derivatives (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review various of the derivatives of the neural crest, consider their relationship with the APUD System, and deduce the physiopathological consequences applicable to these cells, whose only similarity lies in their common embryologic origin. They propose a system of classification of interrelated pathological conditions that these cells may show, an detail clinical information as well as the mode of genetic transmission of the principal neurocristopathic syndroms. PMID- 42979 TI - [Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia with cutaneous lesions and deafness following periarteritis nodosa (author's transl)]. AB - A case is reported of a 49 years-old man who presented with cutaneous and muscular manifestations revealing periarteritis nodosa. Two years after detection of this disease occured a preleukemic condition and four years later a chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is discovered. In clinical course appeared a tuberous infiltration of the face and a sudden bilateral deafness. Regression of these two abnormalities is obtained after administration of prednisolone. The patient died of generalized infectious process postoperatively. From these clinical and pathological findings relations between periarteritis and CLL, occurence of deafness and cutaneous lesions are discussed. The relationship between the development of CLL and the immunosuppressive treatment is considered. PMID- 42980 TI - [Neuroleptics and analgesia (author's transl)]. AB - Recent studies have shown that the explanation given for the analgesic effects of neuroleptics based only upon modification of pain interpretation is not valid at the present time. Studies by K. Ramabadran, J. J. C. Jacob, Greese et al., of Leysen and Smee and Overstreet, which take into the account the secretion of endogeneous "ligands" enkephalins and endorphins, offer the possibility of a better approach for understanding the role of neuroleptics in the control of pain. We have attempted to use this interpretation to explain the regular and constant efficacy of tiapride against pain generally and particularly in headaches. PMID- 42981 TI - Drugs and breast feeding. PMID- 42982 TI - The messenger function of calcium in cell activation. PMID- 42983 TI - Studies of cell and mitochondrial calcium pools in rat hepatocytes and parotid exocrine cells. PMID- 42984 TI - [Changes of cardio- and hemodynamics during treatment of arterial hypertension with adrenergic alpha receptor blockader pyrroxane]. PMID- 42985 TI - [Anesthesia in the acute period of myocardial infarct (state of the problem and practical aspects)]. PMID- 42986 TI - [Allergic reactions in employees of a psychiatric institution]. PMID- 42987 TI - [Mechanism of the renal effects of high doses of glafenine in the rat]. PMID- 42988 TI - The effect of etilefrine (Effortil) on central hemodynamics and aorto-coronary bypass blood flow. A pre-operative study. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the function of an aorto-coronary bypass in patients with coronary artery obliterative disease, intravenous injection of etilefrine was used to bring about variations of central hemodynamics. Etilefrine proved to cause a significant increase of cardiac output (QPA), mean systemic blood pressure and aorto-coronary bypass flow. Calculations of peripheral myocardial resistance showed a rather pronounced decrease in all vascular regions studied. There was no change of central venous pressure. The decrease of the myocardial vascular resistance, as shown by the increase of aorto-coronary bypass flow, is indicative of the myocardial vascular capacity. Hence, it may be of value as a prognostic test. PMID- 42989 TI - Protein synthesis inhibition in rat liver by the mycotoxin patulin. AB - Patulin, a carcinogenic mycotoxin, inhibits in vivo and in vitro protein synthesis in rat liver. The in vivo inhibition culminates 5 h after toxin administration and reaches a maximum of 65% with regard to control values; a breakdown of polysomes is associated with the translational blockage. However in in vitro systems, the cellular fractions obtained from patulin-treated rats appear equally as active in protein synthesizing ability and as sensitive to the toxin action as those prepared from control animals. The in vitro inhibition by patulin is dose related. The postmitochondrial system is less sensitive than that functioning with isolated polysomes and pH 5 enzyme. This difference might be due to the presence of soluble factor(s) that counteract patulin action. We propose that the inhibition of protein synthesis by patulin may result from an interaction of the drug with active SH groups at the membrane level (amino acid transport, ion equilibrium) and/or at the cytoplasmic level (enzymes and factors involved in the translational process). PMID- 42990 TI - Separation and characterization of venom components in Loxosceles reclusa--II. Protease enzyme activity. PMID- 42991 TI - Phospholipase A and B activities of reptile and hymenoptera venoms. PMID- 42992 TI - [14th Annual Odontostomatological Congress. Kabala, 1-4 September 1970. Oral implantation]. PMID- 42993 TI - [14th Annual Meeting of the Dental Society of Greece. Kabala, 1-4 September 1979]. PMID- 42994 TI - [The tasks of the Dental Society of the GDR in the graduate and continuing education of dentists]. PMID- 42996 TI - Second Symposium on Vitreous Surgery, Windsor, 1978. PMID- 42995 TI - [Tooth in the fracture line as a cause of complications]. PMID- 42997 TI - The use of ion-exchange resins as a blood preservation system. AB - A system using ion-exchange resins for the storage of whole blood was investigated. Blood was collected into CPD, thoroughly mixed and then divided into equal amounts. To one half of the split units, four grams of phosphate charged Amberlite IR-45 resin were added, while no additions were made to the other split units. Both aliquots were stored at 4 C, adhering to routine blood banking standards. The blood stored with the resin for up to 28 days maintained high levels of 2,3-DPG and adequate levels of ATP. This new resin system has several advantages over the present blood preservation technology. There is initial increase in pH that promotes greater glucose utilization. Inorganic phosphate is provided to maintain both ATP and 2,3-DPG levels. The resin buffers the blood and maintains a narrower pH range for red blood cell enzyme activity. The resin is totally inert, completely filterable and has the ability to adsorb bacteria from the suspending solution. PMID- 42998 TI - Aggregation response of human platelets stored at 22 C as platelet-rich plasma. AB - The aggregating response of human platelets stored at 22 C for 72 hours has been studied. Platelets were stored as platelet-rich plasma in order to maintain the plasma pH essentially constant. The response to ADP and collagen decreased with time, but the decrease was less with relatively high concentrations of the aggregating agents. The response to the ionophore A23187 was essentially unaltered during the storage period. Synergistic aggregation with combinations of ADP, collagen and ionophore A23187 was observed with platelets stored for 72 hours under conditions where singly each of the stimuli caused little or no effect. Stored platelets underwent reversible aggregation over a wide range of ADP concentrations but irreversible aggregation was observed in the presence of nonaggregating concentrations of collagen or ionophore A23187. The inhibition of aggregation by PGE1 or cyclic AMP was facilitated as a result of storage. It is suggested that the decreased response toward ADP and collagen reflects a reduced ability on the part of the platelets to mobilize calcium. PMID- 42999 TI - Immunospecific depletion of graft-versus-host-reactive lymphocytes using sensitized syngeneic initiator T lymphocytes. AB - We investigated a model of a lethal graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction with the aim of depleting donor spleen cells of immunospecific GVH-reactive lymphocytes. In previous studies of the recruitment of effector T lymphocytes by sensitized syngeneic initiator T lymphocytes (ITLs) we found, using a local GVH reaction, that precursors of specific GVH-reactive lymphocytes were recruited to a draining lymph node. In this study, adult F1 hybrid mice were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with 2 x 10(6) syngeneic bone marrow cells and varying numbers of spleen cells from parental strain mice. To deplete donor spleen cells of GVH reactive lymphocytes, parental strain mice were given injections in the hind footpads 6 days earlier of syngeneic ITLs that had been sensitized in vitro against allogeneic fibroblasts. We found that injection of ITLs sensitized against the relevant allogeneic antigens led to a marked decrease in the specific GVH potential of donor spleen cells. These findings show that GVH-reactive lymphocytes can be depleted selectively by activating their recruitment to particular lymph nodes, using syngeneic ITLs. PMID- 43000 TI - [Changes in intercellular exchange intensity in an L cell culture]. AB - Intercellular junctions permeable to fluorescein Na were studied with the aid of intracellular glass microelectrodes in the cultures of transformed mouse-embryo cells (L-strain). The degree of coupling was correlated with the cell culture density. In addition, the degree of coupling increased after short-time incubated of the cells with 1mM lanthanum. Such an incubation did not influence other features of cells: the value of the membrane potential, the character of growth or the inclusion of the vital dye neutral red. Some other factors stimulated cellular aggregation (concanavalin A, protamine, decreasing the pH) but did not influence the degree of coupling. PMID- 43001 TI - [Reduction of mortality in acute myocardial infarction in patients treated with alprenolol. Preliminary results]. PMID- 43002 TI - [Clinical experiences with acute beta blockade in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 43003 TI - Development of new antithrombogenic surfaces by employing platelet antiaggregating agents: preparation and characterization. PMID- 43004 TI - Dialysis dementia: the role of dialysate pH in altering the dialyzability of aluminum. PMID- 43005 TI - [Purification of Salmonella abortus ovis H antigen by using immunoadsorption]. AB - OH-antiserum was first produced in rabbit immunization with Salmonella abortus ovis cultures and was later used for obtaining an immunoadsorbent after the method of Avrameas and Thernynck. The raw (not purified) H-antigen produced after the method of McCoy et al., was purified by the immunoadsorbent and its activity and specificity were studied serologically by the reaction of Ouchterlony. It was established that the antigen reacts with the anti-H-salmonella serum, but does not react with normal sheep serum, which is an indication that it is purified and active. It was established also that immunoadsorption is a method suitable for H antigen production from bacterial cilia. PMID- 43006 TI - Transport of radiolabelled glycoprotein to cell surface and lysosome-like bodies of absorptive cells in clutured small-intestinal tissue from normal subjects and patients with a lysosomal storage disease. AB - The transport of 3H-fucose- and 3H-glucosamine-labelled glycoproteins in the absorptive cells of cultured human small-intestinal tissue was investigated with light- and electron-microscopical autoradiography. The findings showed that these glycoproteins were completed in the Golgi apparatus and transported in small vesicular structures to the apical cytoplasm of these cells. Since this material arrived in the cell coat on the microvilli and in the lysosome-like bodies simultaneously, a crinophagic function of these organelles in the regulation of the transport or secretion of cell-coat material was supported. In the absorptive cells of patients with fucosidosis or Hunter's type of lysosomal storage disease, a smiliar transport of cell-coat material to the lysosome-like bodies and a congenital defect of a lysosomal hydrolase normally involved in the degradation of cell-coat material, can explain the accumulation of this material in the dense bodies. PMID- 43007 TI - Morphometric analysis of skeletal response to vitamin D in uremic rats fed a low calcium diet. AB - The response of tibial metaphyses to pharmacologic levels of vitamin D in uremic rats fed a low calcium diet was evaluated morphometrically. Uremic (5/6 nephrectomized) rats given vitamin D had increased percent metaphyseal hard tissue, trabecular surface perimeter and percent trabecular osteoid surface and reduced numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts per millimeter of trabecular perimeter compared to either uremic rats given placebo or sham-operated rats given vitamin D. It was concluded that the resistance of metaphyseal trabeculae in uremic rats to vitamin D was due in part to the increase in osteoid-covered surfaces which inhibited osteoclasis and subsequent remodeling. The pathogenesis of worsening osteomalacia as a consequence of vitamin D administration to uremic rats on a low calcium diet remains unclear. PMID- 43008 TI - Formaldehyde-fluorescamine-induced fluorescence of mammary carcinoma cells. Lack of concordance with occurrence of oestrogen-binding receptor proteins. AB - The combined formaldehyde-fluorescamine technique demonstrates fluorescence by mammary carcinoma cells whereas cells of the normal gland or of benign tumours do not show fluorescence. We have studied the correlation between histological staging of the disease, concentrations of oestrogen-binding proteins and the occurrence of formaldehyde-fluorescamine (FF)-inducible fluorescence. Our results demonstrate that the FF-technique detects all types of mammary carcinoma cells irrespective of their concentration of oestrogen receptors. Hence, the FF technique represents a valuable tool for detecting both hormone-responsive and hormone-unresponsive malignant cells of the mammary gland. PMID- 43009 TI - Tight junctions adjacent to tumor stromal interface in human invasive transitional cell carcinomas. AB - Tight junctions adjacent to the tumor stromal interface in invading neoplastic cells of human urinary bladder carcinomas were observed. Basal lamina, collagen and elastic fibers, and cellular debris were found next to the tight junctions. An association between microenvironment (i.e., tumor necrosis) of the invading neoplastic cells and tight junction locations was suggested. PMID- 43010 TI - Consequences of recurrent phosphate trapping induced by repeated injections of 2 deoxy-D-galactose. Biochemical and morphological studies in rats. AB - 2-Deoxy-D-galactose, in a dose of 3 mmol/kg, was administered intraperitoneally twice daily to young rats for periods up to 12 weeks. This dosage schedule resulted in recurrent phosphate trapping predominantly in liver. UTP deficiency was excluded by simultaneous uridine injections. Phosphate trapping was caused by the rapid accumulation of 2-deoxy-D-galactose 1-phosphate and was most pronounced in liver but also demonstrated in small intestine, brain, spleen, and thymus. The marked, although transient, drop in the hepatic content of inorganic phosphate triggered the catabolism of adenine nucleotides and a loss of ATP. Other metabolic pathways affected by phosphate deficiency include glycogenolysis and glycolysis. Increasing with time, repeated doses of the galactose analog led to retardation and arrest of growth, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly. The average relative liver and spleen weights were elevated 2.5- and 4.5-fold, respectively, after 12 weeks of treatment. Liver damage was indicated by hyperbilirubinaemia and a progressive rise in the activity in plasma of sorbitol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase. Examination by light and electron microscopy showed increasing numbers of vacuoles, surrounded by a single membrane, in hepatocytes, sinusoidal endothelial cells, and Kupffer cells. Focal cytoplasmic degeneration in hepatocytes was occasionally indicated by formation of autophagic vacuoles and finger print lysosomes. Hepatocytes of 2-deoxy-D galactose-treated rats showed a dissociation and fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells were markedly enlarged, the latter contained a PAS-positive but amylase resistant substance. Extrahepatic changes included an increased occurrence of vacuolated cells in thymus. Phosphate trapping and its metabolic consequences are common phenomena in the experimental injury induced b 2-deoxy-D-galactose and in some hereditary diseases such as uridylyltransferase deficiency galactosaemia, fructose intolerance and glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency. PMID- 43011 TI - Inhibited autophagic degradation of cytoplasm during compensatory growth of liver cells after partial hepatectomy. AB - The livers from 56 sham-operated and 56 partially hepatectomized male albino rats killed 4--81 h after operation were investigated by electron microscopic morphometry. Following partial hepatectomy, the principal changes in volume fractions in the hepatocellular cytoplasm were: decrease of glycogen and, to a lesser extent, of mitochondria together with considerable increase of fat droplets. The volume fraction of microbodies (= peroxisomes) showed no significant difference between control and regenerating liver. By evaluating large test fields of about 40,000 micrometers 2 sectioned cytoplasm per animal it could be demonstrated that the volume fraction and the numerical density of autophagic vacuoles (AV's) were significantly reduced after partial hepatectomy. The extent of this reduction depended on the postoperative time interval. AV's were reduced by 75% at day 0 (4--17 h p.o.), by 98% at day I (19--33 h p-o.), by 75% at day II (43--57 h p.o.), and still by 50% at day III (67--81 h p.o.). The different types of AV's, defined on the basis of the different cytoplasmic components enclosed, were reduced to similar extent during the respective time periods. The reduction of AV's seems to be specific for the regenerating organ since no significant differences in the volume fraction of AV's could be found in the proximal tubular cells of the kidney of partially hepatectomized animals when compared with those of sham-operated controls. The inhibition of intracellular autophagic degradation in regenerating liver has its biochemical equivalent, i.e. inhibited protein catabolism, and is interpreted as an important and adequate mechanism in effecting the shift from the physiological steady state between anabolism and catabolism to the positive balance which is required for the compensatory growth of the liver after partial hepatectomy. PMID- 43012 TI - Cell population kinetics of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic neoplasms and their adjacent colonic mucosa in the mouse. AB - The parameters of cell population kinetics of symmetrical 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colonic neoplasms and their adjacent colonic mucosa in the mouse were analyzed using the fraction labeled-mitoses curve method and compared with those of three groups of epithelial cells in the crypt of the descending colon of normal mouse. The analysis of three groups of epithelial cells in the crypt of normal mouse indicates that differentiation of epithelial cells was associated not only with a smaller proliferative pool of cells but also with a shortening of the duration of G2 phase and a prolongation of mitotic time. Other parameters of cell cycle did not change significantly. The mean cell cycle time of neoplastic cells in chemically induced colonic neoplasms was similar to that of epithelial cells in normal colon, but the variance was much greater in neoplastic cells. In neoplastic cells, the proliferative pool was greater, the G1 phase prlonged, and the S phase and the mitotic time became shorter as compared to epithelial cells in normal colon. The duration of G2 phase of neoplastic cells fell between the values of presumptive stem cells and differentiating cells in normal colon, compatible with the hypothesis that neoplastic cells are transformed stem cells defective in cellular differentiation. In the colonic mucosa immediately adjacent to neoplasms, the fraction-labeled-mitoses curve showed a flat second wave, indicating that the group of cells initially labeled by the pulse became a mixture of cells, some continuing the proliferative cycle normally, some going out of cycle, some slowing down in their passage from S through G2 to M, and some being arrested in mitotic phase. Such heterogeneous behavior of cells may be closely related to expansion of neoplasms. With some assumptions, however, cell cycle parameters of those normally cycling cells were estimated: the cell cycle time and the duration of G1 phase and mitotic phase were prolonged as compared to neoplastic cells and epithelial cells of normal colon. PMID- 43013 TI - Nitrosomethylurea (MNU): a powerful carcinogen for mouse skin. A study utilising the tetrazolium test (TZT) and topical skin applications. AB - Nitrosomethylurea (MNU) was tested with the tetrazolium test for skin carcinogens with positive results. 39 hairless mice were painted once a week with a 1% solution of MNU in acetone. After 18 weeks all the animals bore tumours and 90% had skin carcinomas. Hence, the strong carcinogenic potency of MNU was confirmed, and the validity of the tetrazolium test was given further support. PMID- 43014 TI - Diffuse glomerulosclerosis--a dysfunction of the mesangium? A morphometric study of the rat's kidney. AB - The phagocytic capacity of the glomerular mesangial cells in 42 rats was inhibited by the prolonged injection of PVA. Morphometric evaluation of electron microscopic sections showed that this treatment leads to an accelerated thickening of the lamina densa of the glomerular basement membrane and of the mesangial matrix (early glomerulosclerosis). This suggests that a disturbance of lysosomal degradation can lead to glomerulosclerosis, and that the possibility of mesangial dysfunction should always be considered as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of all types of diffuse glomerulosclerosis. PMID- 43015 TI - Nodular paragranuloma and progressively transformed germinal centers. Ultrastructural and immunohistologic findings. AB - Ultrastructural and immunohistologic findings in a nodular variant of Hodgkin's disease with lymphocytic predominance, called nodular paragranuloma, are presented and compared with those in so-called progressively transformed germinal centers. These are large follicles with numerous lymphocytes which can be found not only in nonspecific lymphadenitis, but also in lymph nodes from patients with nodular paragranuloma. The immunoperoxidase technique was applied on paraffin sections to detect intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin and lysozyme. The so-called L & H type Sternberg-Reed cells contained IgG and one type of light chain per cell, suggesting that such cells produce immunoglobulin. The ultrastructure of the L & H type Sternberg-Reed cells favored the immunoblastic nature of these cells. It is concluded that nodular paragranuloma differs from other types of Hodgkin's disease by its localization in B-cell areas and the presence of atypical B immunoblasts. PMID- 43016 TI - Stereological study of B-cell mitochondria in alloxan-treated mice. AB - Using stereological techniques, including semi-automatic image analysis, the B cell mitochondria were studied in the pancreatic islets from one group of control mice and two groups of mice killed 10 min and 60 min, respectively, after alloxan administration. Ten min following alloxan the mitochondrial volume and envelope surface densities, the mean mitochondrial volume and surface area, and the area of mitochondrial profiles were significantly increased, whereas the mitochondrial numerical density was not significantly altered. At the 60 min observation time the mitochondrial volume density, the mean mitochondrial volume and surface areas, and the area of mitochondrial profiles were significantly decreased, whereas the mitochondrial envelope surface was not significantly altered. The findings indicate a rapid swelling, followed by disintegration of the mitochondria in the B-cells of alloxan-treated mice, thereby supporting our view that mitochondrial lesions play a primary role in the development of alloxan diabetes. These lesions are believed to be due to ionic alterations in the B cells ("Pi-pH hypothesis"). PMID- 43017 TI - Stereological study of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex and secretory granules in the B-cells of normal and alloxan-treated mice. AB - Different B-cell organelles (lamellar and vesicular endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, whole secretory granules and secretory granule cores) were studied stereologically in pancreatic islets from control mice and mice killed 10 or 60 min following alloxan injection. Ten min following alloxan a significant decrease was observed in the volume, surface and numerical densities of whole secretory granules and their cores, and a significant increase was found in the volume and surface densities of vesicular endoplasmic reticulum. At the 60 min observation time, a significant decrease was seen in the volume density of lamellar endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, and in the volume, surface and numerical densities of whole secretory granules and their cores, and a significant increase was observed in the volume and surface densities of vesicular endoplasmic reticulum, and in the mean values for volume and surface of whole secretory granules and their cores. The stereological data indicate swelling of endoplasmic reticulum, decreased Golgi area, and decreased number and total volume and surface of secretory granules during the first hour after alloxan administration to mice. The observations may be consistent with inhibited insulin synthesis. PMID- 43018 TI - Aspects of normal and dystrophic chicken muscle grown in vitro. AB - Pectoral muscle from normal and dystrophic New Hampshire chicken embryos was dissociated and grown in vitro. Marked differences between the two types of cell cultures were observed with the light and electron microscopes during early myogenic stages. The diseased myoblasts assumed a polarized affect and fused into smaller and fewer myotubes. Pseudostraps rather than true muscle straps were often seen in diseased cultures. There was also a delay in the appearance of myosin containing thick myofilaments in differentiating dystrophic muscle cells. PMID- 43019 TI - Effects of actinomycin D on ribosomal RNA and protein synthesis as revealed by high resolution autoradiography. AB - Incorporation of tritiated amino acids and uridine was studied in untreated and actinomycin D treated HeLa cells by high resolution autoradiography. Results showed a non-selective inhibition of protein synthesis by actinomycin, as measured by the decrease in radioactive amino acid uptake. When cells pretreated with actinomycin D were incubated with radioactive amino acids and uridine, amino acid uptake in the nucleolus still occurred, while uridine uptake was almost completely eliminated. These findings suggest that in the absence of ribosomal RNA precursor synthesis, nucleolar protein synthesis continues to some extent, and that this protein is transported to the nucleolus. PMID- 43020 TI - Ischemia and post-ischemic regeneration of the small intestinal mucosa. A light microscopic and autoradiographic study. PMID- 43021 TI - The distribution and mobility of surface anionic groups of normal human oesophageal epithelium following interaction with cationized verritin. AB - Oesophageal epithelial cells from biopsies from normal patients showed the presence of randomly distributed anionic groups, mostly sialic acid on the cell membrane in fixed material shown by cationized ferritin. When biopsies were pulse labelled, patching occurred in all three cell layers. Patching was energy dependent and did not occur at 4 degrees C. Pulse labelled material incubated on an unlabelled medium showed progressive loss of cationized ferritin from the cell membrane. This was mostly into the medium, although some was internalized in membrane profiles. A second pulse of cationized ferritin produced further patching suggesting regeneration of cell membrane. Superficial cells were leaky, but their organelles were not. PMID- 43022 TI - [Surgical treatment of cryptorchism]. PMID- 43023 TI - [Present status of the question of the action of potable mineral waters and the prospects for its further study]. PMID- 43024 TI - [Hemodynamics in children with primary arterial hypertension in the process of treating them with beta-adrenoblockaders and electrosleep]. PMID- 43025 TI - [Mechanisms of the experimental depressing action of seduxen on uterine contractile function]. PMID- 43026 TI - [Periarteritis nodosa and systemic arteris as a consequence of the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 43027 TI - [Determination of the degree of severity of a duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 43028 TI - [Intracellular and extracellular hydrogen ion concentration in chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 43029 TI - [Intragastric pH-metry in patients with chronic gastritis]. PMID- 43030 TI - [Use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents and anabolic steroids in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 43031 TI - [Role of carbohydrates in the manifestation of the hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities of the influenza virus]. AB - Suspensions of influenza virions (MRC-11, X-7, and A/PR8/34 strains) were treated with a mixture of glycosidases including alpha-D-mannosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, and beta-D-N--acetylglucosaminidase for the study of the influence of carbohydrate part of influenza virus surface glycoproteins on the hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activity. The availability of oligosaccharide chains for the effect of glycosidases was found to change in relation to the functional status of the glycoprotein molecule. When carbohydrate residues were cleaved from neuraminidase in virus particle, its enzymatic activity did not change, whereas the hemagglutinating activity of virions after treatment with glycosidases decreased more than 50-fold. PMID- 43032 TI - The International Meeting "Prevention in Psychiatry" organized by the Societa Italiana Attivita Nervosa Superiore (S.I.A.N.S.), Director: C.L. Cazzullo, was held in Milano, Italy from 5--8 July 1979 [abstracts]. PMID- 43033 TI - [Cardiac therapy in the old patient]. PMID- 43034 TI - [Differential diagnosis of transient ischemic attacks]. PMID- 43035 TI - The purinergic nerve hypothesis and insulin secretion. AB - In adrenalectomized rats the effect of i.v. injection of glucose and ATP on insulin changes in external jugular vein was determined in normal and alloxan diabetic animals. In another set of experiments the direct effect of ATP on insulin secretion was investigated. Glucose and ATP were injected in the carotid artery and the blood samples were withdrawn from the portal vein. In these experiments there was immediate and excessive production of insulin release in the portal vein after ATP injection in the carotid artery. In alloxan diabetic rats, despite the high blood glucose levels, the plasma insulin was low and did not respond to glucose stimulation. ATP could increase the sensitivity of the diabetic rats to glucose. The possible role of purinergic nerves in insulin secretion is discussed. It is concluded that multiple innervation of the islets by purinergic, cholinergic and adrenergic nerves, regulate insulin secretion. It is suggested that: 1. Purinergic nerve stimulation is more specific for insulin secretion. 2. ATP is considered the principal transmitter released from purinergic nerves causing insulin secretion. 3. The insulin stimulatory effect normally produced by glucose is through purinergic nerves. 4. It could be possible that one of the causes of diabetes is a defect in the purinergic innervation of the islet cells thus the sensitivity of the islets to glucose is decreased. PMID- 43036 TI - [Meeting of the Swiss Work Group for Gastroenterological Endoscopy, Neuchatel, 18 19 May 1979]. PMID- 43037 TI - [New developments in the study of the pathogenesis of eczema]. PMID- 43038 TI - [Sirepar treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 43040 TI - A cytological and bacteriological study of non-gonococcal vulvo-vaginitis in an urban Lagos population. PMID- 43039 TI - [Experience with the overall treatment of urogenital trichomoniasis in combination with gonorrhea and syphilis]. PMID- 43041 TI - [Distribution of ischemic heart disease and its diagnostic characteristics in a population of mountain dwellers]. PMID- 43042 TI - [Nutritional, digestive enzymatic system and nonspecific reactivity characteristics of the body of inhabitants of an alpine area]. PMID- 43043 TI - [Thyroid gland functional morphology in the native inhabitants of the city of Osh with diseases accompanied by acute and chronic oxygen insufficiency]. PMID- 43044 TI - [Distribution and clinical characteristics of recurrent bronchitis in children in Kirghizia]. PMID- 43045 TI - [Skeletal muscles and the potassium balance in acute massive blood loss]. PMID- 43046 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin on the rheographic indices of healthy persons]. PMID- 43047 TI - [Change in phagocytosis, leukocyte agglomeration and blood lysozyme in BCG vaccinated animals against a diabetes background]. PMID- 43048 TI - [Prevention of hemodynamic disorders during a prolonged bed regimen in patients with osteoarticular tuberculosis]. PMID- 43049 TI - [Contact of the population with disease vectors in a natural focus of Crimean hemorrhagic fever in Osh Province]. PMID- 43050 TI - [Organ-preserving and organ-sparing operations in the surgery of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 43051 TI - [Microsurgical treatment of glaucoma]. PMID- 43052 TI - [Hygienic problems of myopia in school]. PMID- 43053 TI - [Wound of the common carotid artery]. PMID- 43054 TI - [Indices of carbohydrate metabolism and of biological oxidative enzymatic activity in the treatment of acute pneumonia]. PMID- 43055 TI - [Effect of psychotropic drugs on somatosensory evoked cortical potentials]. AB - The effects of some typical clinically tested psychotropic drugs were studied in acute experiments on awake rats. Potentials in somatosensory cortex were evoked by peripheral stimulation. Haloperidol, diazepam, medazepam, desipramin and a new substance, the MPP-sulton, caused significant modification in latency and amplitude of some components of the potentials. Between the effects of psychotropic drugs exist differences which, in turn, were clearly distinguishable from the modification of these evoked responses by unspecific narcotic effects of hexobarbital. PMID- 43056 TI - [Simple method for the preparation of haptoglobin]. AB - The present paper deals with a method permitting the isolation of haptoglobin 2-2 from human serum or plasma. The haptoglobin is adsorbed to DEAE-cellulose at pH 5.1 by batching. The loaded cellulose is given into a column and the haptoglobin eluted by a 0.1 M to 0.15 M acetate buffer. The last step is a gel-chromatography on Sephadex G-200. Disc- and immunoelectrophoresis were used to test the purity. As by-product acid alpha1-glycoprotein can be obtained. PMID- 43057 TI - 5th Regional Conference on Interferon and Interferon Inducers. September 12--14, 1978 Veste Wachsenburg, GDR. PMID- 43058 TI - Cyclic nucleotide metabolism in the mouse spleen after treatment with tilorone hydrochloride. PMID- 43059 TI - Effect of a deproteinized blood extract on experimental granulation tissue. AB - The present work was undertaken to study the effects of a deproteinized extract of calves' blood (Solcoseryl) on developing granulation tissue in rats. Cylindrical hollow viscose cellulose sponge implants were used as an inductive matrix for the growth of granulation tissue. In the first, sham group the implants were treated daily by withdrawing 1 ml of wound fluid from the central dead space of the implant and then re-injecting the fluid. In the second, experimental group the aspirated wound fluid was replaced by a corresponding volume or Solcoseryl. Analyses of wound fluid and granulation tissue were carried out 4, 10 and 21 days after implantation. A statistically significant increase of granulation tissue hemoglobin (+21%) was observed at 10 days in the Solcoseryl group as compared with the sham-treated rats, indicating an enhanced capillary ingrowth. Concurrently, the mean amount of DNA in the Solcoseryl-treated tissues was elevated by 48% over the level of the sham-treated group, demonstrating an augmented cellularity of granulation tissue. At 21 days the mean amount of collagen hydroxyproline of the Solcoseryl group was 31% above the level measured in the sham-treated animals. PO2, PCO2 and pH in the wound fluid and the amounts of RNA and uronic acids showed no essential differences between the two groups. These data demonstrate a stimulatory effect of Solcoseryl on several aspects of granulation tissue formation: augmented vascularization, elevated cellularity and subsequent enhancement in the accumulation of collagen. PMID- 43060 TI - Propranolol and thyroid resection for thyperthyroidism. PMID- 43061 TI - [Acute toxicity of glafenine (Glifanan)]. PMID- 43062 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia. A report of 9 cases. AB - 9 patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) were treated with bone marrow transplantation (BMT). 5 were conditioned with cyclophosphamide and received and HLA-identical graft (4 patients) or a mismatched graft (1 patient): 1 rejected the graft on day 30 and died on day 34 during conditioning for a second transplant; 1 died on day 15 with acute and severe graft versus host disease (GvHD) in the absence of haemopoietic engraftment; 3 are alive and complete chimeras at 1,069, 490 and 332 days after transplantation. GvHD developed in 4 patients and was treated successfully in 3 with high dose methylprednisolone and/or antilymphocytic globulin (ALG). 4 patients were conditioned with ALG and received bone marrow from a haploidentical sibling or parent: 1 patient was refractory; 3 patients showed evidence of hematologic reconstitution, but 2 of these required a second course of ALG. 3 patients in this group are alive between 60 and 490 days; 1 patient died on day 121 of HBSAg-negative acute hepatitis. PMID- 43063 TI - Relationship between the dipole moment and rate of absorption of drugs. AB - Ten drugs were measured for the rate of buccal absorption and examined for the relationships between the rate constant for absorption and molecular physicochemical parameters. On the ground of the results the molecular dipole moment seems to provide more reliable information on the rate constant of buccal absorption than does the water-lipid partition coefficient or the diffusion constant. Additional perfusion studies on isolated gut were also performed in some cases. A mathematical model was developed for the calculation of the rate constants for those cases in which pH of the system changes linearly with the logarithm of time. PMID- 43064 TI - Blood-brain barrier to albumin in awake rats in acute hypertension induced by adrenaline, noradrenaline or angiotensin. AB - Acute hypertension was induced by adrenaline, noradrenaline or angiotensin in awake unrestrained rats with chronic indwelling catheters in a jugular vein and in the aorta. The leakage of 125IHSA (human serum albumin) into the brains from rats given adrenaline was significantly larger than in the brains from rats given noradrenaline or angiotensin. It is likely that the enhanced vulnerability of the blood-brain barrier to an adrenaline-induced increase in blood pressure is due to the beta-adrenergic stimulating effect of adrenaline. PMID- 43065 TI - Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment increases the vulnerability of the blood brain barrier to acute hypertension in conscious rats. AB - Acute hypertension increases the cerebrovascular permeability to protein to a higher extent in anesthetized than in conscious rats. When hypertension is combined with a pronounced cerebral vasodilatation, e.g. in bicuculline-induced seizures, the protein leakage is enhanced. Conscoius, unrestrained 2--3-months old rats received adrenaline or bicuculline i.v. during continuous recording of the mean arterial pressure and were killed 3 minutes later. Rats, neonatally sympathectomized by 6-hydroxydopamine, had significantly increased extravasation of 125I serum albumin in the brain after adrenaline-induced hypertension than nonsympathectomized rats. Since transection of the cervical sympathettic trunk alone does not have the same effect, a protection of the blood-brain barrier in acute hypertension in conscious rats may, at least in part, be mediated via the central noradrenergic innervation of cerebral vessels. Bicuculline did not increase blood pressure in 6-OHDA treated rats; thus the blood-brain barrier remained intact. PMID- 43066 TI - The calcium selective electrode--a possible tool in dental research. AB - Ion selective potentiometry is widely used for analytical purposes in biologic research. The Ca selective electrode offers an inexpensive and easily handled means for studying ionized calcium. It does not affect the process studied, and may, for example, combined with an automatic recorder, give running information on dynamic systems. The calcium electrode responds in accordance with the Nernst equation and has a theoretical range of 1--10(-6) M Ca2+. The electrode is influenced by changes in temperature, in pH and also in concentration of buffer solution. The Ca sensitive membrane is adversely affected by acetic acid but tolerates lactate/lactic acid buffers. Best linearity in calibration curves for Ca2+ in lactate buffers is found in concentrations from 10(-4) M to 10(-2) M Ca. In a 5% Na lactate/lactic acid buffer, pH 5, with 0.5 M KNO3 as an ionic strength adjuster, a straight calibration curve, Nernstian slope factor 27 mV/decade, is found from 10(-4) to 1 M Ca. PMID- 43067 TI - The hydrolysis rates of ATP and phosphoserine in the odontoblast-predentin region of intact and carious human teeth. AB - Coronal odontoblast-predentin tissue was taken from intact teeth and from teeth with carious lesions of varying depths, and the samples (20, 200 x g, saline soluble fractions) were studied for their ability to hydrolyze adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and phosphoserine. A significantly higher rate of ATP hydrolysis at pH 9.8 was detected in enamel caries and a significantly lower rate in advanced caries than in intact teeth. The rates of the hydrolysis of phosphoserine at pH 9.8 did not differ between the various tooth groups, and the only clear trend indicating elevated enzyme activity was seen in the group of initial dentin caries. The ATP and phosphoserine hydrolysis at pH 9.8 were considered to have been due to the nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) activity. In the presence of both levamisole and ouabain, maximal enzyme dependent ATP hydrolysis was observed at pH 7.9. The remaining ATP-cleaving activity was thought to have been due to the Ca2+Mg2+-dependent ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3). The Ca2+Mg2+-dependent ATPase activities at pH 7.9 remained at constant levels in both the intact and carious groups. The parameters studied in vitro were thought to reflect changes in the mineralization rate of reparative dentin as a response to caries in vivo. PMID- 43069 TI - 24th Nordic Ophthalmological Congress 1979. PMID- 43068 TI - Effects on fetal breathing movements of maternal challenges. Cross-over study on dynamic work, static work, passive movements, hyperventilation and hyperoxygenation. AB - Ten women in the last trimester of a normal pregnancy were subjected to five different loads in a cross-over study. Fetal breathing movements (FBM), fetal heart rate (FHR), maternal heart rate (MHR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP), maternal transcutaneously measured pO2 (Tc-pO2), and the energy supply to the Tc pO2 electrode were recorded continuously before, during, and after the load. Maternal capillary pH and pCO2 were measured at three representative time points. The immediate responses of the incidence of FBM to the different challenges were: increase after dynamic work (bicycle test); no change after static work (isometric muscle contraction) and passive movements; decrease after hyperventilation and hyperoxygenation. FHR was unaffected by all challenges. The FBM incidence varied in parallel with pCO2 after dynamic work and hyperventilation and inversely with the Tc-pO2 rise caused by hyperoxygenation. Maternal pH was increased after passive movements (no change in FBM) and after hyperventilation (decreased incidence of FBM), FBM seem to be more sensitive to environmental changes than is the FHR. Mechanical stimuli to the uterus were not responsible for the augmentation of FMB seen after the bicycle test. The present observations reveal the multifactorial nature of the regulation of FBM, and support the role of CO2 as a major stimulator of breathing movements also in prenatal life. PMID- 43070 TI - Relationships between oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions and acid-base balance in arterial blood and in medullary blood from long bones in dogs. AB - By means of an invasive technique the relations between arterial and medullary gas tensions PO2 and PCO2), and arterial and medullary acid-base balance (pH and standard bicarbonate) were determined in long bones in seven anaesthetized dogs. A semilogarithmic correlation was found between the arterial oxygen tension and the oxygen tension in the medullary blood. Between the arterial carbon dioxide tension and the medullary blood carbon dioxide tension a linear correlation was demonstrated A linear correlation was also found between arterial pH and standard bicarbonate values and the corresponding values obtained from medullary blood. With regard to the parameters investigated no difference was demonstrated between epiphyseal, metaphyseal or diaphyseal medullary blood. PMID- 43071 TI - Nutritionally induced necrotizing glomerulonephritis and polyarteritis nodosa in pigs. AB - A florid necrotizing glomerulonephritis was found in all 48 pigs that were fed a waste product from the industrial production of the proteolytic enzyme Alcalase NOVO. In addition, three of the animals developed a lesion identical to polyarteritis nodosa. Focal necrosis of the glomeruli was observed in all animals. Electron microscopy showed electron dense deposits at the subendothelial and subepithelial side of the basement membrane of the glomerular capillary wall and in the mesangium. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed IgM in a fine granular pattern in the glomeruli of all 48 pigs. This appears to be the first report on nutritionally induced glomerulonephritis and polyarteritis nodosa in pigs. PMID- 43072 TI - Effects of digoxin on isolated human peripheral arteries and veins. AB - In isolated human crural arteries and veins, digoxin induced slowly developing, long-lasting contractions. These contractions were not diminished by alpha adrenoceptor blockade or by washing, but were abolished by the calcium antagonist nifedipine. In the presence of digoxin, the maximum contractile responses to noradrenaline (18 microM) and potassium (127 mM) markedly increased, and the glycoside shifted the noradrenaline concentration-response curve to the left. Immersion of vein preparations in calcium-free medium for 30 min. abolished the digoxin contraction, whereas responses could still be elicited by potassium and noradrenaline. A change of the extracellular potassium concentration from 4.6 to 6.9 and 9.2 mM caused relaxation, and a further increase to 13.8 mM contracted the preparations. After pretreatment with digoxin (1 micronM), a potassium change from 4.6 to 1.15 mM caused relaxation and all concentrations exceeding 4.6 mM produced contraction. It is concluded that digoxin has a direct contractile effect on isolated human crural vessels, and that this effect is dependent on the extracellular calcium concentration. In the presence of the glycoside, the responses to noradrenaline and potassium are potentiated. Vascular responses to changes in extracellular potassium concentration are influenced by digoxin. PMID- 43073 TI - Salivary secretion evoked by H80/62, (+/-)-1-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)-3-isopropylamino 2-propranol, a new beta 1-selective adrenoceptor agonist. AB - H80/62, recently introduced as a beta 1-selective adrenoceptor agonist, caused a long-lasting flow of saliva from parotid and submaxillary glands of the rat. The effect of H80/62 was prevented by propranolol or a beta 1-selective blocker. The drug did not exert its effect via the sympathetic postganglionic nerves; and it was not taken up by the neuronal amine pump. Sympathetically decentralized or denervated glands acquired a supersensitivity of the postjunctional type to H80/62. PMID- 43074 TI - [Microbial enzymes that lyse the yeast cell wall. II. The action of bacterial alkalineand neutral proteases on Candida tropicalis cells]. PMID- 43075 TI - Advances in enzyme regulation: Volume 17. Proceedings of the Seventeenth Symposium on Regulation of Enzyme Activity and Synthesis in Normal and Neoplastic Tissues held at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana October 2 and 3, 1978. PMID- 43076 TI - Some kinetic properties of human placental estradiol-17 beta dehydrogenase: patterns of inhibition by adenine nucleotides. PMID- 43077 TI - International Symposium on anti-herpesvirus chemotherapy: experimental and clinical aspects. Hamburg, September 7-9, 1978. PMID- 43078 TI - Treatment of hypertension. PMID- 43079 TI - Connective tissue changes in rheumatoid arthritis and the use of penicillamine. Proceedings of a Review Symposium held in Rotterdam, 9-10 March 1979, under the auspices of the "Gerrit Jan Mulder Foundation". PMID- 43080 TI - Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis: studies on purification and characterisation. AB - We have demonstrated the role of arachidonic acid and lipoxygenase in the genesis of SRS-A and the possible role of lipoxygenases in its metabolism. SRS-A has been purified in microgram quantities together with closely related material. We have identified 5,12 di-hydroxy-6, 8, 10, 14 eicosatetranenoic acid released by antigen challenge, and which we feel is related to SRS-A. Further structural work is in progress. PMID- 43081 TI - Slow-reacting substances of anaphylaxis--a commentary. PMID- 43082 TI - Dr. Ernst A. H. Friedheim--a tribute on his eightieth birthday. PMID- 43083 TI - Schistosomiasis--cancer: etiological considerations. A review. AB - Evidence for a causal connection between Schistosoma haematobium-infection and carcinoma of the urinary bladder is discussed. A group relationship of schistosomiasis cancer to cancers as+sociated with asbestosis, foreign body implants, and cicatrization is suggested on the basis of several criteria. Results of experimental foreign body tmuorigenesis in mice are presented and elaborated in relationship to schistosomiasis cancer. Carcinogenic development at the cellular level is discussed with emphasis on the essential role of tissue environmental conditions, especially fibrotic changes and macrophage quiescence. PMID- 43084 TI - The endosymbionts of Glossina morsitans and G. palpalis: cultivation experiments and some physiological properties. AB - Pyruvate, malate, and succinate are the main substrates for bacteroid respiration; oxygen uptake can be inhibited by rotenone and antimycin A, but not by cyanide. The symbionts displayed limited growth and survival for over 80 days in a medium with succinate and pyruvate as main substrates, and supplemented with nucleotides. It was not possible to cultivate the endosymbionts of G. morsitans and G. palpalis intracellularly in cell cultures of the tsetse fly or of vertebrates. A high attraction between cells and symbionts was observed in these systems; about 10% of all bacteroids were incorporatedby the cells but they were lysed and digested within 48 h. PMID- 43085 TI - Serratia marcescens as a pathogen of tsetse flies. AB - When applied to the ears of rabbits used as hosts for tsetse flies, the bacterium Serratia marcescens produced significant mortality in populations of Glossina m. morsitans and G. pallidipes. After being ingested during the blood meal, cells of S. Marcescens multiplied in the intestine of the flies and entered the hemocoel. Using the brush method of applying the bacterium, 100% mortality of both Glossina species occurred within 10 days after application. In newly killed flies, the bacteria could be found free in the hemocoel as well as in the fat body and blood cells. The supernatant of a liquid culture of S. marcescens did not produce fly mortality when applied to rabbit ears. The results indicate that S. marcescens is able to invade the hemocoel of "normal" laboratory-reared tsetse flies. PMID- 43086 TI - Electron microscopical studies on the development of Babesia canis (Sporozoa) in the salivary glands of the vector tick Dermacentor reticulatus. AB - The formation of sporozoites of Babesia canis was studied by light- and electron microscopy in the salivary gland cells of adult female ticks from the 2nd day after attachment until 1 day after detachment. It was found that this process was initiated by the binary division of kinetes that had already entered or entered during the period examined. During division the kinetes (15 X 2.5 microns) lost their typical organelles, reduced their three-layered pellicle to a single membrane and became spherical. After nuclear division and a further time-lag cell division occurred, giving rise to two cells in which this process was repeated. After numerous binary divisions the parasites acquired more and more closely the shape of the later infectious, pyriform sporozoite. These sporozoites measured about 2.5 X 1.5 microns and also had a three-layered pellicle, with rhoptries and a few micronemes, but never contained "spherical bodies". The formation process needed about 2--3 days so that the transmission to the dog could be carried out while the tick engorges and this is probably the stimulation for the development. Finally the cytological features of this sporozoite formation were compared to those in the Theileria species studied by our group. PMID- 43087 TI - In vitro damage of cultured ookinetes of Plasmodium gallinaceum by digestive proteinases from susceptible Aedes aegypti. AB - After exposure to extracts from blood fed A. aegupti cultured ookinetes of P. gallinaceum were damaged to various, defined extents. Immature ookinetes were found to be more sensitive to damage than mature ones. The damage was dependent on the digestion time after which the Aedes extracts had been prepared and could be correlated with the proteolytic activity in the extracts. Control experiments demonstrated that the factors responsible for damage were neither present in unfed mosquitoes nor in blood alone and that the damage was not a result of osmotic stress. After the treatment of the Aedes extracts with lima bean trypsin inhibitor the ookinete damage was much less, indicating that the Aedes trypsin was the major agent of damage. These results were supported by experiments in which the tryptic activity of the extracts was eliminated by thermal denaturation. It is concluded that in the mosquito midgut most of the ookinetes are damaged by digestive enzymes and that this is one factor leading to the discrepancy between the number of ingested macrogametocytes and the number of oocysts which is usually found in nature. It seems that the only ookinetes which have a chance of surviving are those which develop in the centre of the blood clot, away from the site of enzyme action. PMID- 43088 TI - The presence of basic proteins associated to the kinetoplast-DNA of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. Short communication. PMID- 43089 TI - Effect of ultraviolet and gamma-radiation on Herpetomonas samuelpessoai. AB - A study was made about the influence of ultraviolet (UV) and gamma-radiations on Herpetomonas samuelpessoai grown either in a chemically defined or in a complex medium. Cells cultivated in defined medium were more sensitive to UV than those from complex medium, as estimated by inhibition of cellular growth. The effect of gamma-radiation, however, was independent of the media in which the cells were grown. Both radiations interfere with the plasma membrane as analysed by parameters such as excretion of cellular material and concanavalin-A-induced agglutination. Doses of UV which inhibit the cellular growth do not interfere with the plasma membrane. With gamma-radiation, however, doses which inhibit cellular growth also interfere with the plasma membrane. These results suggest that for certain applications UV radiation may be an advantage in vaccine production. PMID- 43090 TI - In vivo negative staining of the midgut continuous junction in the mosquito, Culex tarsalis (Diptera: Culicidae). AB - The midguts of female mosquitoes, Culex tarsalis, were examined electron microscopically during the digestion of a meal from either artificial sources (i.e., 100% serum or defibrinated rabbit blood) or vertebrate hosts. Intense intercellular staining was apparent when the meal was derived from the vertebrate host or defibrinated rabbit blood; less intense staining with 100% serum. The staining was attributed to the "leakage" of a component of whole blood, presumably hemoglobin, into the intercellular junctional spaces. The staining component demonstrated an affinity for the outer membrane leaflet of the plasma membrane. This study provides evidence in support of "leaky guts" as a means of infecting an arthropod host without a midgut amplification cycle. The ramifications of this concept are pointed out with reference to vector competence and midgut barriers to infection by arboviruses. PMID- 43091 TI - [Seroepidemiologic studies on reovirus infections of man, domestic and wild animals in Tanzania (author's transl)]. AB - 2238 sera of bovines, 95 of goats, 251 of antelopes (various species), 143 of zebras and 11 of warthogs collected in Tanzania as well as 811 sera of men and females of the city and the region of Dar es Salaam were tested for haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies (Ab) to reovirus serotypes (St) 1, 2 and 3. Ab to St 1 resp. 2 could be detected in 24--39% of bovines, goats, antelopes and zebras, and in warthogs to 64%. In human beings the positive percentage was 60%. Ab to St 3 were most prevalent: Sera of domestic animals were positive in 70 -84%, of wild animals in 77--100% and of the human population in 91%. These figures include the occurrence of Ab to one St alone as well as to more than one St. A further analysis showed, that Ab to St 3 are definitely dominant especially in sera of animals, whereas the simultaneous occurrence of Ab to all 3 St was more frequently observed in sera of human beings. Other Ab-type combinations were apparently of far less importance. It seems to be significant that the highest infection rate was found in humans (except zebras and warthogs) and that their contact to animals did not result in a higher Ab conversion rate as without such a possibility. The results were discussed under seroepidemiologic aspects and it is concluded that reovirus infections are facultative viral zoonoses. PMID- 43092 TI - Cultivation and in vitro cloning or procyclic culture forms of Trypanosoma brucei in a semi-defined medium. Short communication. PMID- 43093 TI - [Effect of partusisten on fetal development]. PMID- 43094 TI - [Action of bromocryptin on human lactation and our experience]. PMID- 43095 TI - [Flunitrazepam-pretreatment for prevention of adverse cardiovascular effects following ketamine]. AB - In 18 patients with documented ischaemic heart disease the cardiovascular effects of ketamine (1.5 mg/kg iv) were studied under three different conditions: 1. in awake premedicated patients (n = 6); 2. after the previous administration of flunitrazepam (0.015 mg/kg iv, n = 6) and 3. under conditions of neuroleptanalgesia and muscle relaxation (n = 6). Flunitrazepam prevented or at least attenuated the increases in heart rate (30%), mean arterial pressure (37%), mean pulmonary artery pressure (165%), left ventricular filling pressure (230%), total peripheral resistance (50%), pulmonary vascular resistance (100%) and in the rate-pressure product (66%) which were associated with the use of ketamine as the sole anaesthetic agent. In addition, the flunitrazepam-pretreatment abolished the fall in cardiac index and stroke index which occured in patients given ketamine alone. Flunitrazepam therefore appears to be a promising drug to prevent adverse cardiovascular reactions, when ketamine should be chosen for induction of anaesthesia. Neuroleptanalgesia and muscle relaxation also proved effective in controlling the sympathomimetic actions of ketamine. The response of the mean pulmonary artery pressure and of the ventricular filling pressures to ketamine in this group was even more damped than in the patients pretreated with flunitrazepam alone. PMID- 43096 TI - A method for the determination of alkaline ribonuclease (EC 3.1.4.22) activity in human serum. PMID- 43097 TI - The measurement of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP phosphodiesterases. PMID- 43098 TI - Determination of free and conjugated bile acids as ultraviolet-absorbing ion pairs by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 43099 TI - A simple system for the measurement of ion activities with solvent polymeric membrane electrodes. PMID- 43100 TI - An improved method for the separation of peptides and alpha-amino acids on copper Sephadex. PMID- 43101 TI - Simultaneous measurement of aggregation, secretion, oxygen uptake, proton production, and intracellular metabolites in the same platelet suspension. PMID- 43102 TI - Effects of arsanilic acids on growth, serum enzymes, hematologic values, and residual arsenic in young swine. PMID- 43103 TI - Physiologic effects of succinylcholine chloride in mechanically ventilated horses anesthetized with halothane in oxygen. AB - Succinylcholine chloride, administered to horses anesthetized with halothane in oxygen and mechanically ventilated, caused slight but significant (P less than 0.01) increases in heart rate. Significant alteration in mean arterial blood pressure did not occur, and there were clinically insignificant increases in serum K+ and C1- concentration. Cardiac dysrhythmia and myoglobinuria did not occur. Thus, effects of halothane anesthesia and mechanical ventilation prevented cardiac dysrhythmia and hypertension and greatly reduced the tachycardia generally associated with siccinylcholine administration. PMID- 43104 TI - Induction of acid-stable canine interferon in vivo and in vitro. AB - Dogs were able to produce only small quantities of circulating interferon after intraperitonal injection of Newcastle disease virus or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. Similarly, canine cell cultures produced very low concentrations of interferon in response to Newcastle disease virus or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid and no detectable concentrations of interferon in response to pyran copolymer or tilorone hydrochloride. The antiviral substance met the physiochemical characteristics classically associated with interferon. PMID- 43105 TI - Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of a xylazine-acetylpromazine drug combination in horses. PMID- 43106 TI - Identification of colonies of Moraxella bovis by plate epi-immunofluorescence. AB - A modification of the plate epi-immunofluorescence test was found to be a reliable method for the positive identification of colonies of Moraxella bovis when fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated globulin prepared against pili from selected strains of M bovis was used. A cross-reaction with other members of the genus Moraxella or other moraxella-like organisms was not observed, except with an equine Moraxella sp, which produced a weak reaction. PMID- 43108 TI - Effect of pneumatic tourniquet application to the distal extremities of the horse: blood gas, serum electrolyte, osmolality, and hematologic alterations. AB - With 120 minutes of pneumatic tourniquet application to the distal extremity in the horse, the following effects were noted in the tourniqueted limb vein (TLV): (i) local venous acidemia, (ii) increase in serum K+ concentrations, (iii) minimal changes in plasma total solids, Na+, or osmolality, and (iv) apparent reduction in hematocrit values when compared with the same measurements in the control leg. Tourniquet release after 120 minutes produced a prompt return to base line for PCV and PO2 in the TLV; however, pH, PCO2 and K+ values in the TLV required 10 to 15 minutes to reach base line (TLV or control leg vein). PMID- 43107 TI - Methanol precipitation of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. AB - Methanol precipitation of transmissible gastroenteritis virus was tested at Ph 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 and at methanol concentrations of 15%, 25%, and 30%. Supernatant and precipitate fractions were tested for complement-fixing and agar diffusion soluble antigens and plaque-forming units, and were examined by electron microscopy. Virus could be obtained free of detectable agar-diffusion antigens and most of the complement-fixing antigens. Most of the virions were without peplomers after methanol treatment but they retained infectivity. PMID- 43109 TI - Diagnostic use of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase in canine liver disease. AB - gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity in canine kidney, pancreas, and liver is similar to previously reported values for other species. The low serum GGT activity in dogs (0 to 10 IU/L) may be related to relatively less liver GGT than in some other domestic animals. While determination of serum GGT in dogs may aid in the differentiation of sources of alkaline phosphatase, GGT alone appears to offer little in the diagnosis of canine liver disease. Clinical studies, as well as experimentally induced bile duct obstruction, have shown canine GGT increases to coincide with increases in alkaline phosphatase. The occasional benefit from knowledge of serum GGT in dogs would not seem to merit determination of GGT activity in routine serum chemistry panels for this species. PMID- 43110 TI - [Medico-psychological Society. Special session of Monday, 28 of May 1979, dedicated to the study of the psychopathology of violence]. PMID- 43111 TI - Partial trisomy 22q with elevated arylsulfatase-A activity. AB - A two years-old, severely mentally retarded male is reported with 22q trisomy. After the recent confirmation of the localisation of arylsulfatase-A (ARSA) on chromosome 22, the elevated activity of this enzyme (about 1,5 times the normal values) in the present patient may be another example of a gene dosage effect in autosomal imbalance. PMID- 43112 TI - Lorazepam in status epilepticus. AB - Lorazepam, a dichloro-3-hydroxy-1,4-benzodiazepine, has been shown to be a potent anticonvulsant in animal models of epilsepsy and has minimal depressant effects on respiration and circulation in humans. The effects of this compound were studied in status epilepticus. Twenty-five patients were given intravenous lorazepam during status epilepticus of varying cause. Four or 8 mg of the drug controlled status in 22 of the 25 patients. Although single seizures recurred in 5 of the 22 patients, none experienced recurrence of status during a prolonged follow-up period. Transient respiratory arrest occurred in 1 patient, but no other significant complications were observed. Studies of plasma drug levels suggest that most patients attain good seizure control at concentrations between 30 and 100 ng per milliliter. Clinical observations indicate that repetitive injections are not required for continuing control of seizures in patients whose seizures are initially controlled. Lorazepam appears to be an effective and safe drug for treatment of status epilepticus, with a duration of control longer than that achieved with diazepam. PMID- 43113 TI - Phosphonopeptides as antibacterial agents: alaphosphin and related phosphonopeptides. AB - Alaphosphin, l-alanyl-l-1-aminoethylphosphonic acid, was selected from a range of phosphonopeptides for evaluation in humans on the basis of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics, and stability to intestinal and kidney peptidases. In vitro, the antibacterial action was antagonized by small peptides, resulting in low activity on peptone media. On an antagonist-free medium alaphosphin was bactericidal and rapidly lysed most susceptible gram-negative bacteria, but it was largely bacteriostatic and essentially nonlytic against gram-positive organisms. Its spectrum included most strains normally isolated from urinary tract infections, but potency was greatly reduced by very high inoculum levels and by alkaline pH. Although strains of Proteus and Pseudomonas were less susceptible to alaphosphin than were other common gram-negative bacteria, like other species they formed spheroplasts when exposed under appropriate conditions. Alaphosphin was equally effective against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains and showed no cross-resistance with known antibiotics. Good synergy and increased bactericidal activity were demonstrated with combinations of alaphosphin and d-cycloserine or beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 43114 TI - Ineffectiveness of erythromycin for treatment of Haemophilus vaginalis-associated vaginitis: possible relationship to acidity of vaginal secretions. AB - To assess the efficacy of oral erythromycin in the treatment of nonspecific vaginitis (NSV), conducted a nonrandom, unblinded pilot study among 17 women with symptoms and signs of NSV. At the completion of treatment, 10 of 13 patients had persistent symptoms, 9 of 13 had persistent abnormal discharge, and 11 of 13 had persistently positive cultures for Haemophilus vaginalis. Ten patients with persistent or relapsing NSV and four who did not complete erythromycin treatment were retreated with oral metronidazole, and 14 of 14 showed clinical improvement and eradication of H. vaginalis. The susceptibility of 27 clinical isolates of H. vaginalis to erythromycin was determined at pH 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0. The minimal inhibitory concentration of erythromycin for H. vaginalis was approximately 10-fold higher at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.0. Erythromycin is not effective for the treatment of H. vaginalis-associated NSV; this may be partly attributable to the reduced activity of this drug in acidic vaginal secretions. PMID- 43115 TI - Dermatologic research workshop (ADF) in cooperation with German Dermatology Association. Sixth annual meeting, Hotel Sheraton, Frankfurt/Main, November 17 19. 1978 Abstracts. PMID- 43116 TI - The in vitro cultivation of the infective larvae and the early mammalian stages of the filarial worm, Brugia pahangi. PMID- 43117 TI - An investigation into the roles of synaptic vesicular Mg++-ATPase in neurotransmitter release, using benzhydryl piperazines. AB - A series of benzhydryl piperazines was found to inhibit synaptic vesicular Mg++ ATPase. These compounds were also found to increase basal and evoked release of noradrenaline from synaptosomes. A comparison was made between the concentrations effective in inhibiting the enzyme and promoting noradrenaline release. In general, as the degree of Mg++-ATPase inhibition increased, noradrenaline release was increased. The relevance of these findings to a possible role of Mg++-ATPase in noradrenaline release is discussed. PMID- 43118 TI - Pharmacological and biochemical studies on a new potential neuroleptic, N-(1 benzyl-3-pyrrolidinyl)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-methylaminobenzamide (YM-08050). AB - Pharmacological and biochemical properties of a novel compound, N-(1-benzyl-3 pyrrolidinyl)-5-chloro-2-methoxy-4-methylaminobenzamide (YM-08050) were compared with those of haloperidol (HPD) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) in animals. YM-08050 was more potent than either HPD or CPZ in inhibitory effects on a variety of behaviors such as apomorphine-induced stereotypes behavior and emesis, methamphetamine-induced stereotyped behavior, conditioned avoidance response and open field behavior. YM-08050 induced catalepsy only at much higher doses than to exhibit the inhibitory activities. The inhibitory effects of YM-08050 on [3H]dopamine binding and dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in the synaptic membrane fractions of canine caudate nucleus were much greater than those of HPD and CPZ. The results suggest that YM-08050, a potent central dopaminergic blocker, is a potential antipsychotic drug with less extrapyramidal side effects than those of HPD and CPZ. PMID- 43119 TI - The pharmacology of 20681-S and 20682-S, 6-oxo-N-cyclopropylmethylmorphinans, as narcotic antagonist analgesics. AB - It has been demonstrated that L-3hydroxy-6-oxo-N-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan methansulfonate (20681-S) and L-3,14-dihydroxy-6-oxo-N-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan methansulfonate (20682-S), have antinociceptive and narcotic antagonistic properties. In the rodent antinociceptive test, the action of 20681-S was more potent and of longer duration than that of morphine and of cyclazocine after subcutaneous or oral administration. The antinociceptive effect of 20682-S ranked between that of morphine and that of pentazocine in the mouse acetic acid writhing test. Both compounds possessed potent narcotic antagonistic activities, 20682-S being more active than naloxone and oxilorphan and 20681-S being equipotent with cyclazocine. The latent side effects (respiratory depression and fall in blood pressure) and the acute toxicity of 20681-S and 20682-S, were less than those of reference narcotic antagonists or of narcotic antagonist analgesics. PMID- 43120 TI - Determination of the stimulus-response relation for three alpha-adrenergic agonists on rabbit aorta. AB - A standard rabbit thoracic-aorta strip preparation was used to determine the effect of varying preload on KA(the dissociation constant), A50(the concentration that produces half maximal response) and the ratio KA/A50. Additionally, the stimulus-response relationships were obtained for the drug and preload conditions tested. Values of KA and A50 were calculated from dose-response curves obtained for three alpha-adrenergic agonists (phenylephrine, methoxamine and norepinephrine) in the presence and absence of partial irreversible blockade by phenoxybenzamine. For all three drugs, values of KA and A50 were found to be significantly greater at 1/4 gram preload than at 10 gram preload. However, the ratio KA/A50 was found to be independent of preload conditions. The stimulus response relationships were all found to be non-linear, in contrast to the predictions of classical receptor theory. The significance of the constancy of KA/A50, rather than either KA or A50, and the non-linear relation between drug stimulus and response is discussed in terms of Stephenson's theory of drug action. PMID- 43121 TI - Purification and characterization of beta-fructofuranosidase (invertase) from an oral strain of Streptococcus mitis. PMID- 43122 TI - The combined use of antilymphocytic serum and bone marrow infusion in immunological suppression. AB - The combined use of antilymphocytic serum and live donor-specific bone marrow cells has produced significant immunosuppression in dogs as judged by renal allograft survival. This combined action is specific in that it cannot be reprodued whether given alone or when live donor-specific bone marrow cells are replaced by dead donor-specific bone marrow cells or other antigens. The study has paved the way for human trials. PMID- 43123 TI - Self-motion magnitude estimation during linear oscillation: changes with head orientation and following fatigue. AB - Two types of experiments concerning estimated magnitude of self-motion during exposure to linear oscillation on a parallel swing are described in this paper. Experiment I examined changes in magnitude estimation as a function of variation of the subject's head orientation, and Experiments II a, II b, and II c assessed changes in magnitude estimation performance following exposure to sustained, "intense" linear oscillation (fatigue-inducing stimulation). The subjects' performance was summarized employing Stevens' power law (R = k . Sn, where R is perceived self-motion magnitude, k is a constant, S is amplitude of linear oscillation, and n is an exponent). The results of Experiment I indicated that the exponents, n, for the magnitude estimation functions varied with head orientation and were greatest when the head was oriented 135 degrees off the vertical. In Experiments II a-c, the magnitude estimation function exponents were increased following fatigue. Both types of experiments suggest ways in which the vestibular system's contribution to a spatial orientation perceptual system may vary. This variability may be a contributing factor to the development of pilot/astronaut disorientation and may also be implicated in the occurrence of motion sickness. PMID- 43124 TI - The role of peripheral catecholamines in reserpine-induced amnesia. PMID- 43125 TI - The utility of analogue research. PMID- 43126 TI - The contribution of relaxation and expectancy to fear reduction via graded, imaginal exposure to feared stimuli. PMID- 43127 TI - The endocrine cells of the rectum of adult ox. AB - In order to identify the endocrine cell types in various parts of the Ruminant gut, we have applied ultrastructural, both morphological and cytochemical, techniques, in parallel to the histochemical ones, to study the rectal mucosa of the adult Ox. In these studies we show that: "EC" cells, of the intestinal type, contain predominantly pleiomorphic granules, which are very electron dense and heavily reactive to "Masson" and "Grimelius" methods; "L" cells are recognizable by their numerous granules, which are fairly homogeneous in shape and osmiophilia. They do not react with "Masson" and are weak or negative to Grimelius s reaction. These granules occur near to others that are less dense, unreactive to "Masson", and that contain an argyrophilic matrix, with an eccentric electron dense core, which does not react with silver; "F-like" cells contain granules which are variable in shape, size and osmiophilia. They are unreactive to "Masson" and weak or unreactive to Grimelius silver; "H" cells contain few, small and uniformly osmiophilic granules. These are unreactive to "Masson" and uniformly reactive to "Grimelius". Our data suggest that the morphology, frequency and distribution of the cell types we have identified in the mucosa of the bovine rectum correspond with those reported in large intestine and rectum of Monogastrics, as by other authors described. PMID- 43128 TI - On the range of alpha-adrenergic regulation of coronary vascular resistance. AB - In order to obtain an estimate of the range of alpha-adrenergic resistance regulation in the coronary vascular system, the following studies were performed: in 15 anesthetized dogs the circumflex coronary artery was cannulated and perfused with above-normal constant pressure to that coronary venous oxygen tension never fell below 40 mmHg. Thus, it was possible to eliminate the influence of the metabolic factor regulating coronary resistance. Furthermore, 15 isolated isovolumetrically working guinea-pig hearts were perfused according to the Langendorff method. Stimulation, resp. blockade, of alpha-receptors was achieved by administering xylometazoline, resp. phentolamine. Xylometazoline increased coronary resistance in both the isolated and the in-situ heart. Administering maximum doses to the anesthetized dog led to an increase in resistance to about 200%. This is equivalent to a reduction of conductance to about 50%. Phentolamine produced no significant effects in the isolated heart. Maximum dosage administered to the heart in situ led to a resistance decrease to about 60%, equivalent to an elevation of conductance to about 170%. If we let control values of coronary resistance and conductance be equal to 100%, our experiments showed alpha-adrenergic regulation of coronary resistance to range from about 60% to 200% and conductance to range from about 50% to 170%. PMID- 43129 TI - Evidence that binding to the s2-subsite of papain may be coupled with catalytically relevant structural change involving the cysteine-25-histidine-159 diad. Kinetics of the reaction of papain with a two-protonic-state reactivity probe containing a hydrophobic side chain. AB - A method is proposed by which site-specific reactivity probes that exhibit different reactivities in two ionization states can be used to detect association activation phenomena that involve repositioning of acid/base groups in enzyme active centres. The pH-dependences of the apparent second-order rate constants (k) for the reactions of the thiol group of papain (EC 3.4.22.2) with a series of two-protonic-state reactivity probes are compared. The short-chain probes, 2,2' dipyridyl disulphide and n-propyl 2-pyridyl disulphide, react at pH6 in adsorptive complexes and/or transition states with geometries that do not permit hydrogen-bonding of the pyridyl nitrogen atom with the active-centre imidazolium ion, as evidenced by the rate minima at pH6 and the rate maxima at pH4 provided by reagent protonation. Only when the probe molecule, e.g. 4-(N-aminoethyl 2' pyridyl disulphide)-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole [compound(III)], contains a long hydrophobic side chain is the reaction characterized by maximal rates at about pH6, as in the acylation step of the catalytic act (at pH6, k(compound III)/k(2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide) approximately 100). It is proposed that this striking difference in profile shape may result from binding of the hydrophobic side chain of compound (III) possibly in the S(2)-subsite of papain, which promotes a change in catalytic-site geometry involving repositioning of the imidazolium ion of histidine-159 and hydrogen-bonding with the N atom of the leaving group, as has been postulated to occur in the acylation step of substate hydrolysis. PMID- 43130 TI - Reactivities of neutral and cationic forms of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide towards thiolate anions. Detection of differences between the active centres of actinidin, papain and ficin by a three-protonic-state reactivity probe. AB - The second-order rate constants (k) for the reactions of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide (pKa2,45) with 2-mercaptoethanol (pKa9.6) and with benzimidazol-2 ylmethanethiol (pKa values 5.6 and 8.3) were determined at 25 degrees C at I 0.1 by stopped-flow spectral analysis over a wide range of pH. These were used to calculate the pH-independent second-order rate constants (k) for the reactions of neutral 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide and of its monocation with the 2 mercaptoethanol thiolate anion (associated pKa9.6) and with the benzimidazol-2 ylmethanethiol zwitterion (associated pKa5.6). For both thiolate ions, the rate enhancement factor (kmonocation/kneutral disulphide) is about 1.5x10(3). The dependence on pH in acidic media of k for the reaction of 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide with actinidin, the thiol proteinase from Actinidia chinensis, was shown to differ from the forms of pH-dependence observed for the analogous reactions with papain (EC 3.4.22.2) and ficin (3.4.22.3). The reactivity of the 2,2'-dipyridyl disulphide dication and its apparent sensitivity to the presence and location of a positive charge in the attacking thiol are discussed. PMID- 43131 TI - Wheat-germ aspartate transcarbamoylase. Purification and cold-lability. AB - 1. Aspartate transcarbamoylase was purified approx. 3000-fold from wheat (Triticum vulgare) germ in 15-20% yield. The product has a specific activity of 14 mumol/min per mg of protein and is approx. 90% pure. The purification scheme includes the use of biospecific "imphilyte" chromatography as described by Yon [Biochem.J.(1977) 161, 233-237]. The enzyme was passed successively through columns of CPAD [N-(3-carboxypropionyl)aminodecyl]-Sepharose in the absence and presence respectively of the ligands UMP and L-aspartate. In the second passage the enzyme was specifically displaced away from impurities with which it co migrated in the first passage. These two steps contributed a factor of 80 to the overall purification. 2. The enzyme is slowly inactivated on dilution at 0 degrees C and pH 7.0, the inactivation being partially reversible. A detailed investigation of the temperature- and pH-dependence of the cold-inactivation suggested that it was initiated by the perturbation of the pKa values of groups with a moderately high and positive heat of ionization, which were tentatively identified as histidine residues. These findings support a new concept of cold lability proposed by Bock, Gilbert & Frieden [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1975) 66, 564-569]. PMID- 43132 TI - Peroxide oxidation of indole to oxindole by chloroperoxidase catalysis. AB - In the presence of chloroperoxidase, indole was oxidized by H2O2 to give oxindole as the major product. Under most conditions oxindole was the only product formed, and under optimal conditions the conversion was quantitative. This reaction displayed maximal activity at pH 4.6, although appreciable activity was observed throughout the entire pH range investigated, namely pH 2.5-6.0. Enzyme saturation by indole could not be demonstrated, up to the limit of indole solubility in the buffer. The oxidation kinetics were first-order with respect to indole up to 8 mM, which was the highest concentration of indole that could be investigated. On the other hand, 2-methylindole was not affected by H2O2 and chloroperoxidase, but was a strong inhibitor of indole oxidation. The isomer 1-methylindole was a poor substrate for chloroperoxidase oxidation, and a weak inhibitor of indole oxidation. These results suggest the possibility that chloroperoxidase oxidation of the carbon atom adjacent to the nitrogen atom in part results from hydrogen bonding of the substrate N-H group to the enzyme active site. PMID- 43133 TI - Affinity labelling of the NADP+-binding site of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Candida utilis. AB - 1. Periodate-oxidized NADP+ inhibits the catalytic activity of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase from Candida utilis, competing with NADP+. 2. Incubation of the enzyme with the coenzyme analogue causes partial reversible inactivation of the enzyme as a result of affinity labelling of the coenzyme-binding site. 3. Some kinetic values of the reaction were calculated. 4. The inactivation can be made irreversible by treatment with NaBH4, which reduces a Schiff base formed between an aldehyde group on the coenzyme analogue and a lysine residue on the enzyme. 5. Complete inactivation can be correlated with the binding of only one inhibitor to each enzyme subunit. 6. The lysine residue involved in the binding of the inhibitor is present at the coenzyme-binding site. PMID- 43134 TI - Haemoglobin from the tadpole shrimp, Lepidurus apus lubbocki Characterization of the molecule and determination of the number of polypeptide chains. AB - Haemoglobin from the tadpole shrimp, Lepidurus apus lubbocki, was found to have a sedimentation coefficient (s020,w) of 19.3 +/- 0.2 S and a molecular weight, as determined by sedimentation equilibrium, of 798000 +/- 20000. The amino acid composition showed the lack of cysteine and cystine residues. A haem content of 3.55 +/- 0.03% was determined, corresponding to a minimal mol.wt. of 17400 +/- 200. The pH-independence in the range pH 5-11 of the sedimentation coefficient indicates a relatively high stability of the native molecule. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis gave one band with mobility corresponding to a mol.wt. of 34000 +/- 1500. The molecular weight of the polypeptide chain was determined to be 32800 +/- 800 by sedimentation equilibrium in 6 M-guanidinium chloride and 0.1 M-2-mercaptoethanol. The findings indicate that Lepidurus haemoglobin is composed of 24 identical polypeptide chains, carrying two haem groups each. PMID- 43135 TI - A radiochemical titrant for the determination of the operational molarity of solutions of acid proteinases. AB - N-Diazoacetyl-L-phenylalanine 3-phenyl[2,3-3H]propylamide was synthesized and shown to inhibit pepsin A (EC3,4,23.1) and cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5) irreversibly and stoicheiometrically in the presence of Cu2+. Quantitative separation of the inhibited enzyme from excess reagent by gel filtration followed by measurement of the radioactivity of the protein peak provided a method for determining the operational molarity of these enzymes. Several other putative active-site directed irreversible inhibitors were synthesized, but were inactive. Data on the synthesis of these compounds have been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP50096 (4 pages) at the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5. PMID- 43136 TI - Regulation of microsomal stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase. Purification of a non substrate-binding protein that stimulates activity. AB - Crude cytosolic fraction from rat liver was examined for proteins that may be involved in regulation of microsomal stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity. Gel filtration revealed the presence of several components that either stimulate or inhibit this enzyme. In addition, other components bind the acyl-CoA substrate, thus affecting observed activities in vitro. A protein that stimulates stearoyl CoA desaturase but does not bind substrate was purified approx. 1100-fold. The purified protein had no visible absorption spectrum and an approximate mol.wt. of 26500. Maximal stimulation of desaturase activity occurred with less than 2 micrometer purified protein. The protein was heat-labile and exhibited neither catalase nor glutathione peroxidase activity. Addition of the cytosolic protein produced no effect on the desaturase reaction stoicheiometry; the proportions O2 consumed/NADH oxidized/stearoyl-CoA desaturated remained 1:1:1. Because the Km' for stearoyl-CoA was also unchanged by addition of the cytosolic protein, no change in substrate affinity was suggested. Furthermore addition of the cytosolic protein also produced no effect on desaturase inhibition by oleoyl-CoA, which suggested that the protein does not simply relieve apparent product inhibition. These results indicate that, in analogy to other cytosolic proteins that stimulate microsomal oxidase activities, the protein may have a regulatory function, perhaps related to activity modulation via organization of the multienzymic desaturase in the membrane. PMID- 43137 TI - Linked transport of phosphate, potassium ions and protons in Escherichia coli. AB - Pi entry into Escherichia coli cells through either of the two Pi-transport systems (Pit or Pst) prompts the influx of K+ and H+ in a ratio that depends on the external pH. The entry of Pi is absolutely dependent on the presence of K+, and the entry of K+ is equally dependent on the presence of Pi. Experiments with a number of mutants carrying any one functional Pi-transport system and one or more of the individual K+-transport systems indicate a permissive type of linkage of the two transports, in that there is no obvious preference by any of the Pi transport systems for a particular K+-transport system for the concomitant entry of the two ions. PMID- 43138 TI - Prevention by pyrazole of the effects of chronic ethanol administration on the redox states of the hepatic nicotinamide--adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) couples and on liver and brain tryptophan metabolism in the rat. AB - Chronic administration of pyrazole in the diet of rats does not cause toxicity and prevents the chronic effects of ethanol on: (1) the redox states of the hepatic NAD(P) couples; (2) liver tryptophan pyrrolase activity; (3) brain tryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism. PMID- 43139 TI - Identification of an NAD(P)+-dependent 'malic' enzyme in small-intestinal-mucosal mitochondria. AB - An NAD(P)+-dependent 'malic' enzyme is shown to be present in mitochondria from small-intestinal mucosa. The intracellular location, activity and regulatory kinetic properties of the enzyme suggest that it participates in the major energy producing pathway for net oxidation of glutamine-derived tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates. PMID- 43140 TI - Adrenaline and the regulation of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase in rat epididymal adipose tissue. Inactivation of the enzyme is associated with phosphorylation and can be reversed on dephosphorylation. AB - 1. Exposure of rat epididymal fat-pads or isolated fat-cells to adrenaline results in a decrease in acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity measured both in initial extracts and in extracts incubated with potassium citrate; in addition the concentration of citrate required to give half-maximal activation may also be increased. 2. Incorporation of 32Pi into acetyl-CoA carboxylase within intact fat cells was investigated and evidence is presented that adrenaline increases the extent of phosphorylation of the enzyme. 3. Dephosphorylation of 32P-labelled acetyl-CoA carboxylase was studied in cell extracts. The rate of release of 32P is increased by 5mM-MgCl2 plus 10--100 microM-Ca2+, whereas it is inhibited by the presence of bivalent metal ion chelators such as EDTA and citrate. 4. The effects of adrenaline on the kinetic properties of acetyl-CoA carboxylase disappear if pad or cell extracts are treated with Mg2+ and Ca2+ under conditions that also lead to dephosphorylation of the enzyme. 5. The results of this study represent convincing evidence that adrenaline inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase in adipose-tissue preparations by increasing the degree of phosphorylation of the enzyme. PMID- 43141 TI - Chloroplast cytochrome b-563, hydrophobic environment and lack of direct reaction with ferredoxin. AB - 1. The reaction of electron donors with cytochrome b-563 in chloroplasts was studied by investigating their effects on the rate of its reduction in the presence of dithionite, which reacts only slowly with the cytochrome. The relative effects of 9,10-anthraquinone and 9,10-anthraquinone 2-sulphonate in the presence of dithionite suggested that the site of attack of redox reagents was protected behind a hydrophobic barrier from the external medium. 2. Ferredoxin had no measurable effect on the rate of reduction of the cytochrome in the presence of dithionite. 3. The reduction of pigment P700 in the dark after illumination in the presence of the inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1 dimethylurea was stimulated by a combination of NADPH and ferredoxin, although NADPH alone had little effect. The same combination was unable to reduce cytochrome b-563 at a measurable rate. 4. It is concluded that the cytochrome is unlikely to be part of a linear pathway of electron flow between ferredoxin and pigment P700. PMID- 43142 TI - Phospholipase A activity in the skin. Modulators of arachidonic acid release from phosphatidylcholine. AB - The distribution of the hydrolysis of 1-acyl-2-[1-14C]arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphocholine and the simultaneous biosynthesis of prostaglandins by subcellular fractions from human and rat skin membrane preparations were determined. The phospholipase A2 activity was distributed among the subcellular particulate preparations with the highest specific activity in the 105000g particulate fraction. The activity was optimal at pH 7.5 in the presence of 1.0 mM-CaCl2 and was inhibited by EDTA. The hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by the skin 105000g particulate fraction was inhibited by cortisol and triamcinolone acetonide and it was stimulated by histamine, bradykinin, retinoic acid and cholera enterotoxin (freeze-dried Vibrio cholerae). Furthermore hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by the skin phospholipase A was also enhanced by low concentrations of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha. These last results suggest that the amplication of the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine by prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha, with the consequent release of arachidonic acid (the substrate of prostaglandin synthesis) is likely a positive-feedback regulation of the arachidonic acid-prostaglandin cascade. PMID- 43143 TI - The metabolism of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate in rat pancreatic islets. AB - 1. Radioactively labelled 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate was taken up by isolated pancreatic islets in a concentration- and pH-dependent manner and led to the intracellular accumulation of labelled amino acid and to a decrease in the intracellular pH. Uptake of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate did not appear to be either electrogenic or Na+-dependent. The islet content of 2-oxo acid radioactivity was not affected by either 2-cyano-3-hydroxy-cinnamate (10mM) or pyruvate (10mM), although both these substances inhibited the oxidation of [U-14C]4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate by islet tissue. 2. 4-Methyl-2-oxopentanoate markedly stimulated islet-cell respiration, ketone-body formation and biosynthetic activity. The metabolism of endogenous nutrients by islets appeared to be little affected by the compound. 3. Studies with the 3H- and 14C-labelled substrate revealed that 4 methyl-2-oxopentanoate was incorporated by islets into CO2, water, acetoacetate, L-leucine and to a lesser extent into islet protein and lipid. Carbon atoms C-2, C-3 and C-4 of the acetoacetate produced were derived from the carbon skeleton of the 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, but the acetoacetate carboxy group was derived from the incorporation of CO2. These results, and consideration of the relative rates of 14CO2 and acetoacetate formation from 1-14C-labelled as opposed to U-14C labelled 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate, led to the conclusion that the pathway of catabolism of this 2-oxo acid in pancreatic islets is identical with that described in other tissues. The amination of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate by islets was attributed to the presence of a branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.42) activity in the tissue. Although glutamate dehydrogenase activity was demonstrated in islet tissue, the reductive amination of 2-oxoacids did not seem to be of importance in the formation of leucine from 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate. 4. The results of experiments with respiratory inhibitors and uncouplers, and the finding that 14CO2 production and islet respiration were linked in a 1:1 stoicheiometry suggested that 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate catabolism was coupled to mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The catabolism of 4 methyl-2-oxopentanoate in islet tissue appeared to be regulated at the level of the initial 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.25) reaction. PMID- 43144 TI - The stimulus--secretion coupling 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate-induced insulin release. AB - 1. Pancreatic islet insulin secretion and 45Ca uptake showed similar responses to variation in the extracellular concentration of 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate with a threshold at 4 mM and a maximal response at a 25 mM concentration. 2. Islet respiration, acetoacetate production and rates of substrate utilization, oxidation and amination all changed as a simple hyperbolic function of 4-methyl-2 oxopentanoate concentration and exhibited a maximal response at 25 mM. 3. The responses of ATP content, [ATP]/[ADP] ratio, adenylate energy charge and [NADH]/[NAD+] ratio were also hyperbolic in nature but were maximally elevated at lower concentrations of the secretagogue. The islet [NADPH]/[NADP+] ratio, however, was tightly correlated with parameters of metabolic flux, 45Ca uptake and insulin release. 4. NH4+ and menadione, agents that promote a more oxidized state in islet NADP, did not affect islet ATP content or the rates of [U-14C]4 methyl-2-oxopentanoate oxidation or amination, but markedly inhibited islet 45Ca uptake and insulin release. 5. It is proposed that changes in the redox state of NADP and Ca transport may serve as mediators in the stimulus-secretion coupling mechanism of insulin release induced by 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. PMID- 43145 TI - Quantitative analysis of proton-linked transport systems. Glutamate transport in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - 1. The magnitude of the protonmotive force in respiring Staphylococcus aureus was measured over the range of extracellular pH from 5.6 to 7.8. 2. The membrane potential remains constant at 150 mV, inside-negative, but the pH gradient decreases from 2.1 units, inside-alkaline, at pH 5.6 to zero at pH 7.5 and above. 3. The accumulation of glutamate in the soluble cell pool is pH-independent at a value equivalent to 100 mV. 4. The results of experiments studying co-transport of protons are consistent with a proton/glutamate stoichiometry of 2 and electrogenic transport across the pH range examined. 5. The amount of glutamate uptake is the result of a kinetic steady state between influx and efflux pathways. 6. Evidence is presented for the regulation of this kinetic steady state by the response of the initial rate of uptake to changes in the protonmotive force. PMID- 43146 TI - Relationship between the ability of nicotinamide to maintain nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide in rat liver cell culture and its effect on cytochrome P-450. AB - Rat hepatocytes cultured for 24 h lose 60% of their NAD content. Treatment with nicotinamide prevents the loss of NAD as well as the previously reported loss of cytochrome P-450, suggesting a possible causal relationship. However, isonicotinamide also prevents the loss of cytochrome P-450, but does not increase the concentration of NAD, demonstrating that the ability of nicotinamide to maintain cytochrome P-450 is not apparently related to its effect on the NAD content of cultured hepatocytes. PMID- 43147 TI - Inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity by manganous ions in a cytosol extract of rat liver. AB - Glutamine synthetase activity in a cytosol extract of liver was inhibited non competitively by Mn2+ ions. The apparent Ki for Mn2" in the presence of phosphate was 8 micro M. Inhibition of glutamine synthetase by intracellular Mn2+ may contribute to the very low rates of glutamine synthesis observed in perfused liver and isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 43148 TI - Induced fit as a determinative of ionophore selectivity. PMID- 43149 TI - Activation of pineal and brain acetyl-COA hydrolase by cystamine: an apparent case of disulfide exchange. PMID- 43150 TI - Possible involvement of red cell membrane proteins in the hemolytic action of Portuguese Man-of-War toxin. PMID- 43151 TI - Proton NMR study of the conformation of bradykinin: pH titration. PMID- 43152 TI - Elevation of intracellular pH by insulin in frog skeletal muscle. PMID- 43153 TI - Correlation between insulin action upon glycolysis and change in intracellular pH. PMID- 43154 TI - The enzyme "aldehyde oxidase" is an iminium oxidase. Reaction with nicotine delta 1'(5') iminium ion. PMID- 43155 TI - Structure of leukotriene C. Identification of the amino acid part. PMID- 43156 TI - Substance P: in vitro inactivation by rat brain fractions and human plasma. PMID- 43157 TI - The effect of modification at the carbocyclic ring of nogalamycin on the interaction DNA. PMID- 43158 TI - Effect of various metabolic inhibitors on biphenyl metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 43159 TI - [Evaluation of the pituitary reserve of gonadotropins and seminal function of the testis in subjects operated for cryptorchism]. AB - 76 patients (prepuberal, puberal and adults) who had undergone surgery for monolateral (35) or bilateral (41) cryptorchidism in childhood were studied. Testicular volume (76 cases), seminiferal function (18 cases) and pituitary gonadotropin reserve (51 cases) were evaluated. We obtained the following results: 1) the prepuberal patients had a normal testicular volume, while 70% of the puberal and adult patients had a mean testicular volume below normal levels. 2) 55.6% of the adults who underwent spermiogram had a pathological seminiferal function. 3) The number of patients whith exagerated gonadotropin response to GnRH-test increases with increasing puberal stage and reaches its highest significance after complete puberal development. These data confirm that: 1) the long permanence of one or both testis out of their natural position has a negative influence on their trophism; 2) the long-term prognosis of the tubular function of the testis after orchidopessis is poor in a high percentage of cases. 3) the endocrine anomalies which follow the early morphologic and functional changes of the cryptorchid testis are more easily detected during puberty as a reduced hypothalamic feedback of the gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 43160 TI - [On the mechanism of therapeutic actions of psychotropic drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 43161 TI - Relationship between cerebral blood flow changes and cortical extracellular fluid pH during cerebral metabolic depression induced by althesin. AB - Baboons anaesthetized with halothane and nitrous oxide in oxygen were given Althesin 0.05 ml kg-1 i.v. Cerebral blood flow (c.b.f.) was measured by an electromagnetic flowmeter and by xenon clearance whilst extracellular fluid (e.c.f.) pH of the parietal cortex was measured with a micro pH electrode. Carotid blood flow (carBF) began to decrease and carotid vascular resistance (carVR) to increase 2.0 s (SEM 0.3) after the slowing of the e.e.g. produced by Althesin, while e.c.f. pH began to change to alkaline 10.5 s (SEM 1.0) after the e.e.g. change. The first statistically significant increase in mean e.c.f. pH occurred 25 s after the Althesin-induced change in the e.e.g. The duration of the changes in carVR and e.c.f. pH were 7 and 5 min respectively. It is concluded that the change in e.c.f. pH cannot have initiated the increase in carVR which followed the cerebral matabolic depression produced by Althesin. The later alkaline shift in e.c.f. pH may, however, have maintained the increased carVR during the duration of cerebral metabolic depression produced by Althesin. PMID- 43162 TI - Cardiovascular dynamics after acute and long-term alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade at rest, supine and standing, and during exercise. AB - 1 After acute intravenous administration labetalol reduced mean values for BP, total peripheral resistance, heart rate and cardiac output. All changes were more pronounced during bicycle exercise. 2 After a mean duration of 20 months' treatment with oral labetalol the haemodynamic findings were broadly similar except for a more marked reduction in the total peripheral resistance and cardiac output had returned to pretreatment level due to an increased stroke volume which had counter balanced the reduction in heart rate. These changes occurred at rest, in the erect position and during exercise but the reductions in BP and peripheral resistance were most marked during exercise. 3 Left ventricular filling pressures and stroke volume/filling pressure ratios were not significantly altered after intravenous labetalol compared with pretreatment values. 4 Systolic BP x heart rate product was lowered particularly during exercise after both intravenous and oral labetalol. 5 After long-term oral labetalol, the most striking haemodynamic change was in the elevated resting stroke volume supine and standing. PMID- 43163 TI - Interdose control of beta-blockade and arterial blood pressure during chronic oral labetalol treatment. AB - 1 The pharmacological and therapeutic effects of labetalol were investigated during an 8 h interdose period of chronic oral therapy in six patients with essential hypertension. 2 Peak plasma labetalol concentrations were observed 2 h after the morning oral dose, and subsequent decline was mono exponential. 3 Beta adrenoceptor blockade paralleled the changes in labetalol concentration and was maximal 2 and 4 h after the oral dose. 4 Resting supine systolic BP rose significantly during the interdose period, but no change occurred in diastolic BP. 5 Ambulatory intra-arterial BP studies in a further six patients with essential hypertension controlled with labetalol did not confirm the increase in BP during an 8 h interdose period. PMID- 43164 TI - A double-blind crossover comparison of pindolol, metoprolol, atenolol and labetalol in mild to moderate hypertension. AB - 1 This study was designed to compare in a double-blind randomized crossover trial, atenolol, labetalol, metoprolol and pindolol. Considerable differences in dose (atenolol 138 +/- 13 mg daily; labetalol 308 +/- 34 mg daily; metoprolol 234 +/- 22 mg daily; and pindolol 24 +/-2 mg daily were required to produce similar antihypertensive effects. 3 The overall incidence of side-effects was similar with atenolol, metoprolol and pindolol but was slightly less with labetalol. Sleep disturbances and abnormal dreaming patterns were most frequent with pindolol. 4 There was a significantly greater fall in pulse rate during atenolol and metoprolol treatment periods. PMID- 43165 TI - Clinical pharmacology of labetalol. PMID- 43166 TI - Gonococcal epididymitis presenting as an acute groin swelling in an adult with bilateral undescended testicles. PMID- 43167 TI - Effects of experimental cryptorchidism on the ultrastructure and function of the Sertoli cell and peritubular tissue of the rat testis. PMID- 43168 TI - [Transactions of the 24th World Conference of the International Union against Tuberculosis, Brussels, 5-9 September 1978. Part 3]. PMID- 43169 TI - [Resume of the 4th Conference on Tobacco and Health]. PMID- 43170 TI - Abstracts. Sixteenth Annual Meeting Federation of Western Societies of Neurological Sciences. PMID- 43171 TI - Centenary of British audiometry. Proceedings of a symposium held to mark the centenary of Hughes' audiometer. PMID- 43172 TI - Drug-induced changes in the formation, storage and metabolism of tyramine in the mouse. AB - 1 The endogenous concentrations of p- and m-tyramine in the mouse striatum were determined by a mass spectrometric integrated ion current technique and concentrations were 21.3 and 6.1 ng/g, respectively.2 The present results further confirm that the administration of antipsychotic drugs (chlorpromazine, haloperidol, spiroperidol, alpha-flupenthixol and (+)-butaclamol) reduces p tyramine concentrations in the mouse striatum. In contrast, striatal m-tyramine showed a tendency to increase, although only in the cases of haloperidol and (+) butaclamol were the differences statistically significant.3 Administration of antipsychotic drugs to mice pretreated with tranylcypromine or clorgyline produced a significant reduction in striatal p-tyramine when compared with the concentrations obtained in mice given a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. These results suggest that antipsychotic drugs reduce striatal p-tyramine formation. The moderate increases produced by monoamine oxidase inhibitors on striatal m tyramine were not significantly changed after the administration of an antipsychotic.4 Drugs that reduce dopamine turnover (apomorphine, piribedil, lergotrile, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine) significantly increased the concentration of striatal p-tyramine. No significant changes were observed in striatal m-tyramine concentrations after apomorphine, piribedil or lergotrile; alpha-methyl-p tyrosine produced a reduction in its concentration.5 Drugs that impair amine storage (reserpine, tetrabenazine, oxypertine) reduced striatal concentrations of p-tyramine. The m-tyramine concentrations were also reduced by reserpine or tetrabenazine.6 It is possible that striatal tyramines act as modulators, or transmitters, and control the activity of dopaminergic neurones. PMID- 43173 TI - The actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine and histamine on the isolated ileum of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis). AB - 1. Contractions to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and histamine of longitudinal muscle from the isolated ileum of the tree shrew (Tupaia), guinea-pig and rat were investigated by constructing dose-response curves and studying the effects of various antagonists. 2 In the Tupaia and rat ileum the contraction to 5-HT was reduced by methysergide but not affected by tetrodotoxin (TTX), morphine, hexamethonium (C6) or atropine. The response of guinea-pig ileum to 5-HT was not significantly inhibited by methysergide or C6, but was blocked by TTX, morphine and atropine. 3 Histamine-induced contraction of Tupaia and guinea-pig ileum was antagonized by diphenhydramine but not by TTX, morphine, C6 or atropine. Histamine was almost without effect on the rat ileum. PMID- 43174 TI - Differences in toxicity due to species variation in the metabolism of an oral anti-allergy agent [proceedings]. PMID- 43175 TI - The metabolism of fazadinium bromide [proceedings]. PMID- 43176 TI - Preliminary studies on SL 75212, a new potent cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist [proceedings]. PMID- 43177 TI - Antagonism by (+)-amphetamine of the inhibition of [3H]-noradrenaline overflow obtained by alpha-adrenoceptor agonists or bretylium in the perfused cat spleen [proceedings]. PMID- 43178 TI - Ranitidine (AH 19065): a new potent, selective histamine H2-receptor antagonist [proceedings]. PMID- 43179 TI - Effect of some stimulants on sleep in man [proceedings]. PMID- 43180 TI - Interactions of putative neurotransmitters in the region of the raphe nuclei of the rat [proceedings]. PMID- 43181 TI - Dopaminergic inhibition of transmitter release as a mechanism of vasodilatation in the dog hindlimb [proceedings]. PMID- 43182 TI - Dose dependent disposition of [14C]-ICI 89,406 in the male rat: is this due to a capacity limited excretory pathway for the drug into bile? [proceedings]. PMID- 43183 TI - Effects of benzodiazepines and barbiturates in a GABA-dependent animal model: interactions with muscimol in the globus pallidus [proceedings]. PMID- 43184 TI - Use of an in vitro hippocampal slice preparation in studies of the actions of the benzodiazepines [proceedings]. PMID- 43185 TI - Effect of hysterectomy on genital infections. AB - In a study of women with anogenital gonorrhoea who had undergone hysterectomy, the sensitivities of urethral, vaginal, and anal canal cultures were 88.9, 55.7, and 40.7% respectively in specimens from 27 woemn. To obtain the greatest sensitivity, however, we recommend that specimens from all three sites should be cultured routinely. After the raising effects of trichomoniasis and menstrual blood on the pH values have been allowed for, the vaginal pH of 74 women in the study group and of 137 healthy controls was similar. PMID- 43186 TI - Brain resistance to protein loss on restricted protein intake in weanling rats. PMID- 43187 TI - Striatal dopamine turnover and MIF-I. AB - Because of conflicting reports of the actions of the antiparkinsonian agent L prolyl-L-leucyl-glycine amide (PLG, MIF-I) on the turnover of striatal dopamine (DA), this process was reinvestigated. In the present series of studies, it was found that neither our MIF-I (200 ng ICV) nor the MIF-I used by Versteeg et al. [25] was effective in altering the rate of decline of endogenous DA in the caudate nucleus of rats pretreated with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (300 mg/kg IP). In addition, our MIF-I (1 mg/kg IP) did not change endogenous dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) or homovanillic acid (HVA) in rat striatum. These studies indicate that MIF-I does not alter the turnover rate of DA in nigrostriatal neurons. It is possible that MIF-I or some substance released by MIF-I acts at a postsynaptic receptor site. PMID- 43188 TI - Technique for applying neurotropic substances onto single units in awake animals. AB - Methods are shown for the stereotaxic placement of twin cannulae, one for recording single unit activity and the other for microinjecting test substances directly on the recording site. The device is inexpensive, occupies a small space on the calvarium, and remains operational in the same animal for several months. This technique is being used to study the effects of various neurotranmitters and neuromodulators on the activity of single units in the hypothalamus of unanesthetized rabbits. PMID- 43189 TI - [Porta-biliary area modifications during the graft-versus-host reaction in chick embryo and rat fetus]. AB - Our results (light and electron microscopic study) show that both in chick embryos engrafted with fowl homologous spleen cells and in rat fetuses receiving blood cells from their own mother (homologous system) histologic changes occur in porta-biliary areas consisting in paravascular infiltrates (P.V.I.), bile ducts disorganization and periportal hepatocyte alterations. These modifications are closely similar to those described in other post-natal Graft Versus Host Reaction models. Yet, in both cases, the cells of the P.V.I. are chiefly of the granulocytic serie instead of the classical lymphoid P.V.I. PMID- 43190 TI - [Is it possible to predict experimentally the anti-inhibitory action of some neuroleptics?]. AB - Shortening of behavioural despair in mice, test that Porsolt and coll. have proposed for the screening of anti-depressive drugs, is able to reveal thymoanaleptic and/or desinhibitory properties of several neuroleptic desinhibiting substances such as thioproperazine, carpipramine and sulpiride. PMID- 43191 TI - [Effect of a single dose of some long-acting neuroleptics on the estrus cycle and the mammary gland of the rat]. AB - The effects of two neuroleptics (pipotiazine and fluphenazine) and five long acting neuroleptics (pipotiazine undecylenate and palmitate, fluphenazine enanthate and decanoate, fluopentixol decanoate) are tested in the rat, during an observation period of 20 to 40 days following only one injection of compound. The compounds administered at three different and non toxic doses, are showing effects, the intensity and duration of which are different according to the dose and the compound: diestrus of pseudo-gestation or more than 15 days, hypertrophy of mammary gland, decreasing of the uterine weight. Some long-acting neuroleptics are active during more than forty days. PMID- 43192 TI - Patulin biosynthesis: the metabolism of phyllostine and isoepoxydon by cell-free preparations from Pencillium urticae. AB - Cell-free extracts of Penicillium urticae (NRRL 2159A), and its Pat- mutants, J2, J1, and S11, were found to contain significant NADP-dependent isoepoxydon dehydrogenase activity. This reversible interconversion of the epoxides (-) phyllostine and (+)-isoepoxydon occurred optimally at pH 5.8 and was completely inhibited by 1 mM p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB). The cytosol enzyme possessed specificity for both substrate and cofactor since neither (+)-epoxydon, an epimer of (+)-isoepoxydon, nor NADH was utilized. Cell extracts of the parent and of mutant J2, which is blocked before the epoxides in the patulin pathway, were found to convert phyllostine and isoepoxydon to a number of unknown metabolites which appeared as yellow spots on thin-layer chromatograms after spraying with a chromogenic reagent. Extracts of mutant J1 were unable to carry out this conversion, while whole cells of mutant S11 accumulated what appeared to be these same 'yellow' compounds. Since PCMB-treated extracts of J2 converted phyllostine but not isoepoxydon to these new metabolites, phyllostine appeared to be their more immediate precursor. The relative positions of isoepoxydon and phyllostine in the patulin pathway are discussed. PMID- 43193 TI - Prune-belly syndrome. PMID- 43194 TI - Ultrastructural responses of pancreatic beta cells to metabolic alkalosis. AB - The ultrastructural changes in pancreatic beta cells were studied following glucose-induced insulin secretion in vitro, at two different extracellular pH (7.4 and 7.8). The pancreata perfused at pH 7.4 exhibited a biphasic insulin response to glucose challenge together with signs of increased emiocytotic activity and numerous microtubules in the beta cells. Conversely, the pancreata perfused at pH 7.8 showed a significant decrease in insulin secretion, and their beta cells revealed scarce emiocytotic images and a marked increase of intracellular granulolysis. These results represent the ultrastructural correlate of the reduced insulin secretion produced by metabolic alkalosis in the perfused rat pancreas. PMID- 43195 TI - [Clinical experience with dibenzepine (Noveril 240) in endogenous depressions with signs of drug resistance (author's transl)]. PMID- 43196 TI - Studies on the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids. II. Separation and general properties of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate dependent cis-2 enoyl-coenzyme A reductase from Escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 43197 TI - Prostaglandin F 2 alpha from the Japanese coastal gorgonian, Euplexaura erecta. PMID- 43198 TI - Guanylate cyclase in carrageenin granuloma tissue of rat. PMID- 43199 TI - National Conference on Geriatric care--2-4 October 1979. Opening address. PMID- 43200 TI - [First South African National Oncologic Nursing Symposium; 12 & 13 October 1979. Medical Oncology 1979]. PMID- 43201 TI - Arylsulphatase A and B in juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy. AB - A series of five living patients with juvenile metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), ten first-degree relatives, and a number of controls were subjected to biochemical investigations including quantitative determination of arylsulphatase A (ASA) and B (ASB) activities in peripheral leukocytes and polyacrylamide disc gel elctrophoresis of arylsulphatases. Five relatives were family members of four previously deceased patients with juvenile MLD. The mean ASA activity of the patients was 1.3 nmol of p-nitrocatechol sulphate hydrolysed in 30 min per mg protein. It was 84 nmol in the relatives, 129 nmol in other neurological patients and 136 nmol in normal controls. The corresponding ASB activity was 38 nmol in the patients, 49 nmol in the relatives, and 99 nmol in normal controls. An extremely low ASB activity, 3.4 nmol, was found in one relative. No ASA band could be visualised in the enzyme electrophoretic patterns of the patients' leukocytes but the bands representing ASB appeared normal. Seven relatives showed ASA bands weaker than normal, and the relative with low ASB activity exhibited very weak ASB band. The low ASB activity in the patients and heterozygotes may be a characteristic feature of the slowly progressive juvenile type MLD diagnosed in the present series. PMID- 43202 TI - Kinetic immunoturbidimetry: the estimation of albumin. AB - The applicability of commercially available antisera for use in kinetic immunoturbidimetry has been studied using the protein albumin as a simple model. The sensitivity of the kinetic immunoturbidimetric approach has been found to be comparable to published data for nephelometric systems, being able to detect concentrations of protein as low as 1 mg/l. The technique has shown to be as precise as most dye binding techniques for the measurement of albumin, producing a within batch C.V. of 1.0% and a between batch C.V. of 1.5%. The technique was found to be comparable to another immunological technique (RID). The fast assay time (30--60 sec), cost and good precision makes this the method of choice for routine albumin measurement. The extreme sensitivity of the technique of kinetic immunoturbidimetry makes the technique applicable to the estimation of a wide range of proteins in blood, urine and CSF. PMID- 43203 TI - A new micro-assay for hyaluronidase activity. AB - A new micro-method for the assay of hyaluronidase activity is described. The method utilizes chondroitin sulfate as a substrate. The degraded products of chondroitin sulfate by hyaluronidase are determined by modified disc gel electrophoresis. The products are first concentrated into a single band in acrylamide gel, and then the band is stained with cetylpyridinium chloride. The absorbance of the band is proportional to the amount of the degraded products. The hyaluronidase activity is therefore linearly related to the absorbance. This procedure represents a sensitive method for the assay of hyaluronidase activity in the serum and urine. PMID- 43204 TI - Lysosomal acid hydrolases in lymphocytes of I-cell disease. AB - Several lysosomal acid hydrolases were assayed in peripheral blood leukocytes from a patient with I-cell disease by the method of Hindman, J. and Cotlier, E. ((1972) Clin. Chem. 18, 971--975). The activities of lysosomal hydrolases in polymorphonuclear cells showed no significant differences between the patient, the parents, and normal controls, while lymphocytes from the patient exhibited the reduced activities of alpha- and beta-galactosidases, beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. After phytohemagglutinin-stimulated culture, lymphocytes from the patient showed a more definite reduction in the activities of these lysosomal enzymes; the activities of beta-glucuronidase, alpha mannosidase, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase were reduced to about 20--30% of the activity in the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated control cultures, and the activities of alpha- and beta-galactosidases to 10% or less. Lymphocytes from the parents showed no significant difference in the activities of these enzymes from the controls, whether stimulated or not. PMID- 43205 TI - Spectrofluorometric assay of gentamicin in serum. AB - A spectrofluorometric method has been developed for the assay of gentamicin in serum. The fluorogen of this reaction is the Zn2+ chelate of N-pyridoxylidene gentamicin. The ratio of gentamicin to Zin is 1.0. Interfering compounds in serum are removed by chromatography on Bio-Rex 70. Recovery of added gentamicin is between 90 and 100%. Determination of gentamicin levels in patient sera correlate well with those done by bioassay. This assay is relatively fast (about 1 h), and requires 1.0 ml of serum. It also can be applied to the determination of other deoxystreptamine antibiotics such as kanamycin and tobramycin. PMID- 43206 TI - Sensitivity to androgen. A possible factor in sex differences in the immune response. PMID- 43207 TI - A renal function study in 30 patients on long-term lithium therapy. AB - 30 patients on long-term lithium therapy have been studied. The results are presented of the urinary concentrating ability after water deprivation and the intranasal administration of vasopressin, of the simultaneous determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), of the minimal urine pH after an oral dose of ammonium chloride, and of the urinary beta 2-microglobulin excretion. Mean urine concentration (+/- SEM) after 22 hr water deprivation (= Uosm) amounted to 854 +/- 22 mOsm/kg H2O, mean GFR was 101 +/- 4 ml/min, mean ERPF 360 +/- 18 ml/min, and mean minimal urine pH 4.95 +/- 0.06. In 8 out of 30 patients there was polyuria. In these 8 patients the values were 778 +/- 51 mOsm/kg H2O, 113 +/- 6 ml/min, 415 +/- 33 ml/min and 4.99 +/- 0.08, respectively. Serum levels of beta-2-microglobulin and lysozyme and the urinary excretion of beta-2-microglobulin were normal in all patients. No correlation was established between Uosm and the serum lithium concentration during the test (0.8 +/- 0.05 mmoles/l) nor between Uosm and the average serum lithium level during treatment (0.79 +/- 0.03). GFR was only correlated with age. It was found that administration of indomethacin during the concentration test increased Uosm in these patients. The results suggest that, given proper dosage and surveillance, long-term treatment with lithium is not likely to cause disturbances in renal function. PMID- 43208 TI - [Treatment of irritable colon with a new pharmacological combination: clinical and psychological evaluation]. PMID- 43209 TI - Inhibition of human brain type A and B monoamine oxidase by chloropromazine and metabolites. PMID- 43210 TI - Comparative effects of benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics on biochemical and behavioral tests predictive of anxiolytic activity. PMID- 43211 TI - Injectable non-occlusive chemical contraception in the male-I. AB - A new contraceptive technique has been proposed and tested. The method uses a novel polymer which when injected into the vas deferens, lowers the pH sufficiently kill the spermatozoa passing through. The polymer itself does not degrade in the process but can be flushed out to regain fertility. Experiments carried out on rats demonstrate the efficacy of the technique so as to have non surgical, non-occlusive and reversible male contraception. PMID- 43212 TI - Preliminary bioavailability study on protacine: a new, non-steroidal anti inflammatory agent. AB - Time versus concentration curves of unchanged protacine were measured in the blood of 5 healthy volunteers by high pressure liquid chromatography after a single oral dose of 4 capsules (600 mg). These curves showed a maximum at 8 hours after administration, with an absorption half-life of 3.4 hours, and were interpreted according to the two-compartment open model with invasion. The elimination half-life was found to be 10 hours. This may allow a maintenance treatment, where necessary, with 1 capsule (150 mg) of protacine twice daily and strongly suggests that, apart from acute cases, protacine would be particularly well suited for long-term treatment. PMID- 43213 TI - The use of lorazepam in cardiac bypass surgery: a comparative study. PMID- 43214 TI - Life-threatening dermatologic complications of cancer. PMID- 43215 TI - Guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. PMID- 43216 TI - [Is there a characteristic constellation of findings in esophageal functional diagnosis after antireflux operations?]. AB - The significance of the finding esophagitis (grade I) in 23 patients was evaluated by manometry, measurement of pH and acid clearance test 18 months after the antireflux procedure (Lortat-Jacob). The provocation of pathological reflux was impossible (reflux provocation test). The acid clearance test demonstrated a low grade delay of the emptying rate. From these results it is supposed that the antiflux procedure only produces a pressure barrier but not a digestive sphincter. According to the pressure barrier in the functional analysis of the esophagus, three typical findings appeared: esophagitis (grade I), normal pH monitoring, and delayed acid clearance. PMID- 43217 TI - [Specificity of different types of human fucosidase]. PMID- 43218 TI - Evidence for an arene oxide-NIH shift pathway in the metabolic conversion of propranolol to 4'-hydroxypropranolol in the rat and in man. AB - To determine whether the 4'-hydroxylation of propranolol occurs by an arene oxide NIH shift process, 4'-deuteropropranolol, prepared from 4'-iodopropranolol, was subjected to in vitro metabolic experiments in the rat liver 9000 g supernatant fraction and to in vivo metabolic experiments in man. Deuterium retention in the resulting 4'-hydroxypropranolol, determined by mass spectrometry after gas- or high-pressure liquid-chromatographic separation, was 73--75%. The results are interpreted to indicate that 4'-hydroxylation of propranolol proceeds by way of an arene oxide-NIH shift process in these two metabolic systems. PMID- 43219 TI - Stereoselective inversion of (R)-(-)-benoxaprofen to the (S)-(+)-enantiomer in humans. AB - The enantiomeric composition of benoxaprofen [(RS)-2-(P-chlorophenyl)-alpha methyl-5-benzoxazoleacetic acid] in plasma and urine was determined after oral administration of both the racemic mixture and the (R)-(-)-enantiomer to normal human volunteers. Resolution of the diastereomeric amides, formed by the reaction of the enantiomers with (S)-(-)-apha-methylbenzylamine, was accomplished by gas chromatography. The (R)-(-1)-enantiomer of the parent drug was stereoselectively inverted to its (S)-(+) isomer in humans. PMID- 43220 TI - Metabolism of acebutolol-d6 in the rat correlates with the identification of a new metabolite in human urine. AB - The metabolism and excretion of acebutolol-d6, [1-(2-acetyl-4-n-butyramido phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-3--[2H6]isopropylaminopropane] has been studied in the rat. Metabolites were characterized by thin-layer and gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and the direct comparisons of metabolites to synthetic standards. Approximately 60% of the parent drug was excreted unchanged. Two major metabolites, an acetamide and an aniline, were identified in urine samples at relative concentrations of approximately 10% and 30%, respectively. The aniline analog of acebutolol was also identified in human urine. PMID- 43221 TI - A method for the estimation of the fraction of a precursor that is converted to a metabolite in rat in vivo with phenacetin and acetaminophen. PMID- 43222 TI - Comparative bioavailability and pharmacokinetic studies of azathioprine and 6 mercaptopurine in the rhesus monkey. AB - Azathioprine (AZA) is cleaved in vivo by glutathione to 6-mercpatopurine (6-MP). 6-MP plasma levels were measured by HPLC in four male rhesus monkeys following oral and iv doses of the two drugs. Following iv 6-MP administration, 6-MP levels were described by a two-compartment body model; mean terminal half-life; plasma clearance (CLp), and volume of distribution (Vdss) were 41.6 +/- 12.1 min, 48.4 +/- 15.4 ml/min/kg, and 1.76 +/- 0.64 liters/kg, respectively. 8 Hydroxymercpatopurine (8-OHMP) was identified as a metabolites of AZA. 8-OHMP had a CLp twice that for 6-MP, while its Vdss was similar to that for 6-MP. After an iv dose, AZA is converted to 6-MP to the extent of 15%. The conversion of AZA to 6-MP and 8-OHMP was independent of the route of administration. Differences in AZA and 6-MP kinetics among the monkeys were attributed to differences in individual aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase levels. PMID- 43223 TI - The effects of phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone on the elimination kinetics and metabolite pattern of caffeine in the beagle dog. PMID- 43224 TI - Biotransformation of furosemide in patients with acute pulmonary edema. AB - Furosemide (20-80 mg) was administered iv over 5 min to 16 patients with the diagnosis of acute pulmonary edema due to left heart failure. Serum and urine samples collected during the 24 hr after administration were assayed for furosemide and its biotransformation products by gas-liquid chromatography. A biexponential decay of serum furosemide concentrations vs. time was observed. Recovery of furosemide and its metabolites from urine in 24 hr varied between 30 and 98% of the administered dose. The excretion of unchanged drug accounted for 22.6-73.4% of the dose. The excretion of the glucuronide metabolite and 2-amino-4 chloro-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid accounted for 3.3-40.4% and from 0.13-3.92% of the dose, respectively. Urinary excretion of furosemide was less in patients with, than in those without, myocardial infarction. Urinary excretion of the oxidative acidic metabolite was increased in patients with reduced creatinine clearance. The glucuronide metabolite of furosemide was the major biotransformation product in these patients with acute pulmonary edema. PMID- 43225 TI - The metabolic disposition of [14C]pivhydrazine, [14C]mebanazine, and [14C]benzylhydrazine in the rat. AB - The hydrazine drugs, [14C]pivhydrazine and [14C]mebanazine and the related compound [14C]benzylhydrazine were readily absorbed from the rat gut and the radioactivity was excreted mainly in urine. The major urinary metabolite of pivhydrazine and benzylhydrazine was [14C]hippuric acid, whereas mebanazine was shown to be excreted largely unchanged. Biliary excretion (21 and 24%, respectively) of radioactive material was observed after administration of [14C]pivhydrazine and [14C]mebanazine to bile duct-cannulated rats but only small amounts (approximately 3%) were excreted in bile after [14C]benzylhydrazine administration. The major biliary metabolites of pivhydrazine and mebanazine are acid-labile conjugates, possibly N-glucuronides. In vitro studies with rat liver homogenate suggest that benzylhyrazine may be an intermediate in the metabolism of pivhydrazine. The distribution of radioactivity in the rat 7 days after the administration of [14C]pivhydrazine and [14C]pivhydrazine and [14C]mebanazine is described. PMID- 43226 TI - The excretion and metabolism of metiamide in the rat, dog, and man. PMID- 43227 TI - Metabolism of phenothiazine in the guinea pig. AB - The metabolism of phenothiazine was studied in the guinea pig. In the adult animal after 24 hr, about 7% of the administered dose was found in feces, with traces of the sulfoxide and phenothiazone. Small amounts of all these compounds also were found in urine, with leucophenothiazone sulfate (approximately 12%) and a metabolite identified as phenothiazine N-glucuronide (approximately 22%). This latter compound was also present in bile. Both phenothiazine and its sulfoxide were retained in body tissues for a long time, about 85% of the dose being excreted after 7 days. In neonatal animals, phenothiazine, with up to 12% of the sulfoxide together with traces of leucophenothiazone, phenothiazone, and thionol was excreted in urine. PMID- 43228 TI - Formation of the sulfone metabolite of didesmethylchlorpromazine in the rat in vivo and in vitro. AB - In peripheral tissues of male rats given 25 mg of didesmethylchlorpromazine [gamma-(2-chlorophenothiazinyl-10)-propylamine, Cl-PPA] per kg ip, high levels of the corresponding sulfoxide (Cl-PPA-SO) and the sulfone (Cl-PPA-SO2) were measured during the following 2-24 hr. Small quantities of these metabolites were excreted in bile, whereas 7-hydroxy-Cl-PPA could not be detected. By comparison of the areas under the tissue concentration-time curves with those measured after injection of Cl-PPA-SO2, it could be shown that at least 50% of the Cl-PPA dose was converted to the sulfone. Following administration of Cl-PPA-SO, the sulfone was present in tissues and in urine. An NADPH-dependent oxygenase catalyzing the conversion of Cl-PPA-SO to Cl-PPA-SO2 was localized in liver microsomes. Attempts to characterize the enzyme by means of induction and inhbition experiments did not lead to unequivocal conclusions concerning its nature. PMID- 43229 TI - The effects of cyproheptadine hydroxhloride on hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in the rat. PMID- 43230 TI - Regulation of glucuronidation and sulfate conjugation in isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 43231 TI - Studies on the persistence of basic amines in the rabbit lung. AB - We have investigated the time-course of the pulmonary deposition of imipramine (IMIP) following a single iv injection into rabbits. A pool of IMIP and its demethylated metabolites, which exhibited considerable persistence (half-life of decay = 4 hr), was formed in the lung. This pool, now called the slowly effluxable pool (SEP), appears to be synonymous with the noneffluxable pool (NEP), which we have previously shown to be formed with IMIP in the isolated perfused lung (PL). Furthermore, this pool appears to be responsible for the pulmonary persistence of IMIP, inasmuch as 24 hr after an iv injection it contributes greater than 90% of the total lung concentration. Chlorphentermine and methadone formed SEP's in the IPL of comparable size to that formed with IMIP, whereas phentermine formed a considerably smaller SEP. These results suggest that the degree of hydrophobicity of the amine is an important determinant of the size of the SEP formed. This further supported by the lack of an SEP with the relatively polar amines, 5-hydroxytryptamine and amphetamine. The 10-fold difference in the size of the SEP for compounds known to induce pulmonary phospholipidosis (chlorphentermine and IMIP) and known not to induce lipidosis (phentermine and amphetamine) may suggest a possible involvement of the SEP in the onset of phospholipidosis; this possibility is discussed. PMID- 43232 TI - Absence of metabolism of morphine during accumulation by isolated perfused rabbit lung. AB - Pulmonary accumulation and metabolism of morphine was studied in an isolated perfused lung system. No metabolism of morphine or N-demethylation of ethylmorphine was found. Accumulation from the recirculating perfusate was nonsaturable over a concentration range of 3-400 microM morphine. Inhibition of sodium transport or sodium depletion decreased morphine accumulation. The results are most consistent with passive diffusion of morphine down an electrochemical gradient and subsequent nonspecific binding to tissue anions. Normal movement of sodium and potassium is required to maintain this gradient. PMID- 43233 TI - The pharmacokinetic profile of ochratoxin A in the rat after oral and intravenous administration. AB - A single oral or iv dose (2.5 mg/kg) of ochratoxin A was administered to healthy adult rats. A spectrofluorimetric method was used to determine the toxin level in plasma. The results suggest that the toxin is distributed in two kinetically distinct body compartments. By use of computer techniques, values were assigned to the pharmacokinetic parameters for ochratoxin A in the rat. The half-life of the drug was around 55 hr for either oral or iv administration. Digital computer simulated curves of the toxin levels in the central and peripheral compartments as well as a total elimination curve were generated. When 14C-ochratoxin A was administered to rats, there were peaks of radioactivity 1 and 6 hr after injection. Ochratoxin alpha was the only metabolite recovered from the cecum and large intestine. Ochratoxin A was excreted via urine and feces, both as the free drug and hydroylzed to ochratoxin alpha; in urine there were five unidentified labeled metabolites. Some of the water-soluble radioactivity was not recovered in the acidic ether extract of the excreta. A hierarchical clustering technique was used to classify the organs in central and peripheral compartments. Muscle, fat, and skin were found to belong to the deep compartment. The residue problem is discussed. PMID- 43234 TI - Metabolism of a new analgesic agent, dl-erythro-1-phenyl-2-(o-chlorophenyl)-2-[4 (p-methoxybenzyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethanol dihydrochloride, in rats. PMID- 43235 TI - Uptake and accumulation of chlorpromazine in the isolated perfused rabbit lung. PMID- 43236 TI - Hepatic drug metabolism in pseudohermaphroditic rats. PMID- 43237 TI - Isotopic probe of the mechanism of methoxyflurane defluorination. PMID- 43238 TI - Characterization of a new urinary metabolite of penfluridol in the rat, rabbit, dog, and man. PMID- 43239 TI - In vitro metabolism of clocoumarol, a new 4-hydroxycoumarin anticoagulant; identification of two additional metabolites. PMID- 43240 TI - Adaptive changes in the dopamine system produced by chronic ethanol feeding. AB - The consumption of ethanol by mice resulted in an altered sensitivity of the brain dopamine systems to perturbations produced by agonists and antagonists. The results indicate that ethanol feeding and withdrawal produces a state in which the normal coupling between dopamine receptors and the effectors for these receptors is significantly altered. PMID- 43241 TI - Altered activation of tyrosine hydroxylation by gamma-butyrolactone following chronic ethanol treatment. AB - The results from the present study support the contention that chronic ethanol administration alters the activity of central dopamine neurons. Chronic ethanol administration was shown to disrupt normally occurring feedback mechanisms involved in the regulation of tyrosine hydroxylation. PMID- 43242 TI - Adaptive changes in the responsiveness of adenylate cyclase to catecholamines. AB - Exposure of the intact astrocytoma cell to isoproterenol not only causes the activation of adenylate cyclase and the accumulation of cyclic AMP but sets in motion a complicated series of events designed to down-regulate the system if exposure to the agonist is extended in time. We have identified at least three of these processes: (1) a rapid uncoupling of the beta-receptor--adenylate cyclase system with subsequent loss of beta-receptors; (2) a slower, nonspecific desensitization of adenylate cyclase to the effects of all classes of receptor agonists by a process that may be mediated by cyclic AMP; and (3) a slow induction of phosphodiesterase activity that is probably mediated by cyclic AMP. PMID- 43243 TI - AAAS Symposium on the Nature and Functional Role of Cytochrome P-450 Mediated Systems, 4 January 1979, Houston, Texas. PMID- 43244 TI - Symposium on Drug Disposition in Man, American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 6-11 November 1977 in Sarasota, Florida. PMID- 43245 TI - Hydration in acute diarrhoea in childhood: use of Dioralyte. PMID- 43246 TI - Triazolam (Halcion): psychological disturbances. PMID- 43247 TI - [Beta blockaders and sports]. PMID- 43248 TI - Conformation of cobrotoxin in aqueous solution as studied by nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The 270-MHz proton NMR spectra of cobrotoxin from Naja naja atra were observed in 2H2O solution. The pKa value (5.93) of His-32 is slightly lower than the pKa value (6.65) of the reference model of N-acetylhistidine methylamide, because of the electrostatic interaction with Arg-33 and Asp-31. The pKa value (5.3--5.4) of His-4 is appreciably low, because of the interaction with the positively charged guanidino group possibly of Arg-59. The hydrogen-deuterium exchange rates in 2H2O solution were measured of cobrotoxin and imidazole-bearing models. The second order rate constants of N-acetylhistidine methylamide, N-acetylhistidine and imidazole acetic acid satisfy the Bronsted relation. With reference to this Bronsted relation, the imidazole ring of His-32 is confirmed to be exposed. The imidazole ring of His-4 is also exposed and the exchange rate is excessively promoted by the presence possibly of Arg-59 in the proximity. All the methyl proton resonances are assigned to amino-acid types, by conventional double resonance method and more effectively by the spin-echo double-resonance method. Eight methyl proton resonances are identified as due to the gamma and/or delta methyl groups of Val-46, Leu-1, Ile-50 and Ile-52 residues. The proximity of aromatic ring protons and methyl protons is elucidated by the analyses of nulcear Overhauser effect enhancements. The aromatic proton resonances of Trp-29 are affected by the ionizable groups of Asp-31, His-32 and Tyr-35. The methyl groups of Ile-50 are in the proximity to the aromatic ring of Trp-29 and the methyl groups of Ile-52 are in the proximity to Tyr-25. The highest-field methyl proton resonance is due to a threonine residue in the proximity to His-4. The appreciable temperature-dependent chemical shift of this methyl proton resonance suggests a temperature-dependent local conformational equilibrium around the His 4 residue of the first loop of the cobrotoxin molecule. PMID- 43249 TI - Mechanism-controlled stereospecificity. Acylation of subtilisin with enantiomeric alkyl and nitrophenyl ester substrates. AB - The activation parameters of acylation of subtilisin with alkyl and p-nitrophenyl esters of N-acylamino acid enantiomers were determined. It was found that (1) the activation entropy is much higher with the nitrophenyl esters than with the corresponding methyl esters, (2) the difference in rate constants between enantiomers is 10(4)--10(5) with methyl esters whereas it is only of the order of 10 with nitrophenyl esters. The results indicate that the catalytic mechanism is simpler for nitrophenyl esters than for alkyl esters. The simple mechanism requires only general base catalysis, and thus permits more freedom of motion in the transition state, whereas the complex mechanism involves both general base and general acid catalysis. Furthermore, the strikingly low enantiomeric specificity with nitrophenyl esters indicates that not only binding but also the catalytic mechanism is an important factor in determining the stereospecificity of an enzyme. The activation parameters for enantiomeric nitrophenyl ester reactions suggest that structurally related substrates can be transformed by the enzyme in different conformations which may be energetically similar or not. The energetically different conformations may account for the activation enthalpy entropy compensation. PMID- 43250 TI - Dissociation of thyroglobulin iodination and hormone synthesis catalyzed by peroxidases. PMID- 43251 TI - delta pH induced calcium fluxes in rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 43253 TI - Conference report. 6th International Symposium on Mass Spectrometry in Biochemistry and Medicine. Venice (Italy) 21-22 June 1979. PMID- 43252 TI - Species differences in the metabolism of pamatolol, a cardioselective beta- adrenoceptor antagonist. AB - The metabolism of pamatolol was studied in man, dogs, rats and mice after oral administration of a single dose. The drug was well absorbed in the gastro intestinal tract and excreted in the urine, mainly in unchanged form, within 24 hrs. Four urinary metabolites were identified by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques. The metabolic data, in man, dog and mouse was found to be similar, both qualitatively and quantitatively. One metabolism route, involving aliphatic hydroxylation and subsequent oxidation, was found, to a significant extent only in the rat. The species variation between the mouse and the rat with regard to long-term toxicity of pamatolol is discussed. Artefact formation during trace analysis was observed. PMID- 43254 TI - Therapy of cluster headache with histamine H1 and H2 receptor antagonists. AB - Treatment with the histamine H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine, alone and/or in combination with the histamine H1 receptor antagonist, chlorpyramine, in 13 patients showed that cimetidine alone was ineffective. 7 of 9 patients taking the combination of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists responded well to the treatment; in 1 patient, medication was ineffective and in 1 patient, success was doubtful. In 3 patients with chronic cluster headache, the effect faded after 4 weeks. The results are discussed. PMID- 43255 TI - Intrinsic sympathomimetic activity of penbutolol. AB - Six healthy volunteers took part in a randomized, single-blind, crossover study to quantitate the intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA) of penbutolol in comparison with one drug possessing ISA (alprenolol) and with the standard non ISA drug (propranolol). Single intravenous and one week oral administrations were studied. Complete parasympathetic and sympathetic isolation of the heart was obtained by administration of atropine 0.04 mg/kg body weight i.v. and propranolol 0.4 mg/kg i.v., or corresponding equipotent doses of alprenolol 0.4 mg/kg i.v. and penbutolol i.v. 0.08 mg/kg. In the chronic, oral study propranolol 160 mg b.i.d. was given, or corresponding equipotent doses of alprenolol (400 mg b.i.d.) or penbutolol (40 mg b.i.d.). The test procedure included measurement of heart rate and blood pressure in the supine, sitting and standing positions, and during isometric and dynamic exercise. ISA was calculated by comparison of the change in of heart rate with that produced by propranolol. The ISA of alprenolol was 22--26% and of penbutolol 12--18% of maximal sympathetic activity. Isometric and dynamic exercise gave comparable ISA values. PMID- 43256 TI - Effect of timiperone on 3H-spiroperidol binding to rat striatal dopamine receptors. AB - The effects of timiperone, its metabolites and related compounds on specific 3H spiroperidol binding to dopamine receptors in the rat corpus striatum were studied to clarify the affinity of timiperone, a new butyrophenone, for the receptors and whether timiperone itself was active in vivo. Timiperone had an approx. 0.6, 5 and 30 times greater affinity for the receptors than did spiroperidol, haloperidol and chlorpromazine, respectively. This affinity was observed specifically for antipsychotic drugs but not for diazepam and trihexyphenidyl. Timiperone metabolites had little or no affinity for the receptors. Radioreceptor assay values agreed well with the radiochemical assay for timiperone in the plasma and brain of rats after i.v. injection of the 14C labeled drug. Thus, it is conceivable that timiperone itself exerts its potent antipsychotic activity by blockade of cerebral dopamine receptors. PMID- 43257 TI - In vitro modulation of CNS beta-receptor number by antidepressants and beta agonists. AB - In vitro incubation of rat cerebral cortex slices with antidepressant drugs reduced beta-adrenergic receptor binding of 3H-dihydroalprenolol by 30%. The decrease was maximum after 60 min, and was reversible after 120 min. (-) Isoproterenol incubation caused a rapid and reversible loss (60%) of beta receptor binding. Both effects were due to a decrease in beta-receptor sites. In vitro beta-receptor subsensitivity due to desipramine and isoproterenol was non additive. The observed reversible loss of beta-receptor sites may be an initial phase of the beta-receptor down-regulation by antidepressants seen in vivo. PMID- 43258 TI - Lisuride hydrogen maleate: an ergoline with beta-adrenergic antagonist activity. AB - Lisuride hydrogen maleate is identified as a potent beta-adrenergic antagonist using a hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase system and [3H]dihydroalprenolol binding in cell free homogenates of rabbit cerebellum. Lisuride and two other ergolines, lergotrile and bromocriptine, and the phenothiazine, fluphenazine, all interact with spiroperidol binding sites (dopamine receptors) in the anterior pituitary; however, among these compounds lisuride is unique in its ability to antagonize the beta-adrenoceptor. PMID- 43259 TI - Dopamine neurons: effect of lergotrile on unit activity and transmitter synthesis. AB - Intravenous administration of increasing doses of the ergoline, lergotrile mesylate, caused a rapid, dose-dependent and haloperidol-reversible inhibition of unit activity of dopamine cells in the pars compacta of the rat substantia nigra. 6 microgram/kg caused significant depression of dopamine cell firing rates; 50% inhibition was achieved with a cumulative dose of 100 microgram/kg. 60% of the cells were completely inhibited by increasing doses of the drug, the remainder became resistant to further inhibition after reaching rates 25--50% of baseline. Pretreatment with reserpine and alpha-methylparatyrosine did not significantly attenuate the lergotrile-induced inhibition. Lergotrile had no consistent effect on firing rates of cells in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. The ergoline reduced the apparent activation of striatal dopamine synthesis associated with complete cessation of impulse flow in nigral-striatal dopamine neurons induced by gamma-butyrolactone treatment. These effects are compared with those of apomorphine and amphetamine. The results are consistent with the idea that lergotrile is a direct acting dopamine agonist. PMID- 43260 TI - Autoradiographic localization of neuroleptic and dopamine receptors in the caudate-putamen and substantia nigra: effects of lesions. AB - The localization of neuroleptic receptors was studied in the caudate-putamen (CP) and the zona compacta of the substantia nigra using light microscopic autoradiography of 3H-spiperone binding sites. Lesion of the dopaminergic input to the caudate-putamen produced an increase in receptors in the CP, possibly reflecting denervation supersensitivity. Kainic acid lesions and decortication produced significant decreases of 61% and 18% in striatal receptors. This suggests that in the caudate-putamen most of the dopamine receptors are on intrastriatal neurons, but some are also localized to the afferents from the cortex. Lesion of the nigro-striatal dopaminergic pathway produced a large (48%) decrease in receptor sites in the substantia nigra zona compacta while kainic acid intrastrially and striato-nigral pathway lesions had no significant effect. These results suggest that the majority of dopamine receptors in the zona compacta which bind neuroleptics are located on cell bodies and processes of dopaminergic neurons and are anatomically distinct from dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase sites. PMID- 43261 TI - Inhibition of in vivo 3H-spiperone binding by the proposed antipsychotic Des-Tyr1 gamma-endorphin. AB - The proposed antipsychotic neuropeptide des-tyrosine1-gamma-endorphin (DT gamma E, beta LPH62,77) inhibits in vivo 3H-spiperone binding in the hypothalamus, corpus striatum and mesolimbic areas of rat brain. The neuroleptic drug haloperidol produces similar effects in these areas as well as in frontal cortex, but is considerably more potent than DT gamma E. Correspondingly, haloperidol produces postural and motor abnormalities not seen with DY gamma E. These data together with the results from previous in vitro studies suggest DT gamma E might act indirectly, having a selective neuroleptic-like action at 3H-spiperone binding sites. PMID- 43262 TI - In vivo occupation of cerebral histamine H1-receptors evaluated with 3H mepyramine may predict sedative properties of psychotropic drugs. PMID- 43263 TI - Regulation of striatal acetylcholine concentration by D2-dopamine receptors. PMID- 43264 TI - Nonlinear dependence of biological activity on hydrophobic character: the bilinear model. AB - In homologous series of compounds biological activity is linearly dependent on hydrophobic character until a cut-off point is reached where this linear relationship changes to a nonlinear relationship: biological activity increases with increase of hydrophobic character, reaches a maximum and then decreases with further increase of hydrophobic character. Drug transport in biological systems is determined by the rate constants of transfer of the drug through aqueous and organic compartments. In simple in vitro systems the rate constant k1 of transport of a drug from an aqueous phase into an organic phase and the rate constant k2 of the reverse process can be described as functions of the partition coefficient P: log k1 = log P - log (beta P + 1) + c and log k2 = - log (beta P + 1) + c. Observed and calculated k1 and k2 values are used to simulate drug transport in different multicompartment systems. Based on the McFarland probability model a new model for the quantitative description of the dependence of biological activity on hydrophobic character, called bilinear model, log 1/C = a log P - b log (beta P + 1) + C, has been derived recently: unsymmetrical curves with linear ascending and descending sides and a parabolic part within the range of optimal lipophilicity result from this model. The bilinear model is applied to experimental data of drug absorption, drug distribution and drug activity in biological systems. A comparison of the parabolic model and the bilinear model shows that in nearly all cases a better fit of the data results from the bilinear model. PMID- 43265 TI - Surgical endodontics. PMID- 43266 TI - Calcium hydroxide: the ultimate medicament? AB - There has been a trend to the promiscuous use of calcium hydroxide in clinical endodontics. It can be concluded that this medicament is not the principal factor in success following its use. It is reasonable to state that endodontic success is related to the obliteration of the canal system with a solid core root canal filling such as gutta percha. PMID- 43267 TI - An in situ demonstration of self-recognition in gorgonians. PMID- 43268 TI - Protein analysis of earthworm coelomic fluid: 1) polymorphic system of the natural hemolysin of Eisenia fetida andrei. PMID- 43269 TI - Isoelectric focusing of cells using zwitterionic buffers. AB - A simple method of isoelectric focusing of cells is described. The pH gradient, superimposed on a density gradient, is developed by generating opposing concentration gradients of two zwitterionic buffers. The method can be used as a cell separation technique or as a means of characterizing the cell type on the basis of the focusing pH. Focusing is rapid and thus the method is of special advantage in its application to cells. PMID- 43270 TI - Regulation of glutamine synthetase messenger ribonucleic acid in connidia of Neurospora crassa. PMID- 43271 TI - Correlation of cholesterol and bilirubin solubilization in bile salt solution. AB - Not only cholesterol but also bilirubin were considered to be solubilized by bile salt micelles. The correlation of cholesterol and bilirubin solubilization in aqueous conjugated and unconjugated bile salts solution and the effect of calcium on their solubilization were studied in this report. Cholesterol solubilization was usually reduced to some extent with increasing amount of added bilirubin. Bilirubin solubilization was always reduced by the co-existence of solubilized cholesterol. It was found that the addition of calcium increased cholesterol solubilization in conjugated bile salts system. On the other hand, calcium reduced bilirubin solubilization due to the formation of insoluble calcium bilirubinate especially in a high pH range of unconjugated bile salts system. Cholesterol solubilization in conjugated bile salts system was relatively lower than unconjugated bile salts system with or without added calcium, however co existing bilirubin minimized these differences. The pH-dependency of cholesterol and bilirubin solubilization was small in conjugated bile salts system. On the contrary, it was remarkably bigger in unconjugated bile salts-calcium system. PMID- 43272 TI - Proceedings of the 65th annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology from April 10th to 12th, 1979--Tokyo, Japan. PMID- 43274 TI - Congresses of the Polish Anatomical Society. PMID- 43273 TI - Pepsin 5 in gastric juice: determination and relationship to the alkali-stable peptic activity. AB - Pure human pepsins 1 and 3 are inactivated by incubation at pH 7.1-7.3 for 30 minutes, losing 90% or more of activity. Pepsin 5 is alkali-stable, retaining 100% of activity. Mixtures of pure pepsins 1 and/or 3 with pepsin 5 were found to have greater alkali-stable activity than predicted. Two published methods for determining the alkali-stable fraction of the peptic activity of gastric juice gave, respectively, in our hands values of 45.4-80.0% and 27.5-43.9% of the total activity. These values seemed too high to be attributable only to pepsin 5 in gastric juice, as agar gel electrophoresis shows pepsin 3 to have the principal activity. Electrophoretograms of alkaline incubated gastric juice revealed that large amounts of pepsin 3 retained activity as well as pepsin 5, and a proteolytic zone "4" appeared between them. Alkali inactivation thus does not allow the estimation of pepsin 5 individually in gastric juice. Pepstatin, at a final concentration of 100 to 170 pmol/ml, may be used to estimate pepsin 5 in gastric juice and gave values of 18.0 to 27.6% of the total peptic activity. Pepsin 5, in gastric juice and in mixtures of pepsins, appears to protect pepsin 3 from alkaline-inactivation, and to a lesser extent from pepstatin inhibition. PMID- 43275 TI - Growth of Candida utilis on a mixture of monosaccharides, acetic acid and ethanol as a model of waste sulphite liquor. AB - Candida utilis cultivated under batch conditions in a synthetic medium with a mixture of different carbon sources utilized first D-glucose and then D galactose, D-mannose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, ethanol and acetic acid. The effect of acetic acid was primarily a function of pH and the physiological state of the inoculum. At pH 4.5, acetic acid at a concentration of 1 g/l increased the specific growth rate, reduced time of cultivation and increased yield of the yeast dry weight. The yield from acetic acid was 61%. In the presence of a higher content of acetic acid (3--6 g/l) the yield was only 18--26%. The yield calculated only from monosaccharides increased but the yield with respect to total carbon sources was lower. The specific growth rate decreased as well. The addition of ethanol also resulted in an increase of the production and yield of the yeast dry weight but the cultivation time was prolonged. The simultaneous utilization of carbon sources of the studied mixture modelling a sulphite fermentation medium with ethanol is advantageous. However, due to physiology of the yeast, it is most suitable to cultivate a strain adapted to utilizable carbon sources in a continuous way, in the presence of their limiting concentrations in the cultivation medium. PMID- 43276 TI - Growth of Aureobasidium pullulans on waste water hemicelluloses. AB - Strain Aureobasidium pullulans capable of utilizing hemicelluloses and xylan was cultivated on processed waste dialysis liquor from the production of viscose fibres, containing about 1.5% hemocelluloses. Basic conditions of biomass production were tested on a laboratory scale. The dialysis waste liquor adjusted with mineral acids to pH 4--5 and supplemented with 0.05% yeast autolyzate and 0.2% ammonium sulphate affords protein yields of about 0.8 g/l, corresponding to 4.0--4.5 g dry biomass. Biomass is isolated together with residual water insoluble hemicelluloses which are not utilized by the microorganism. The total utilization of hemicelluloses attains about 70%. PMID- 43277 TI - Factors affecting protein synthesis during biotin deficiency in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Biotin deficiency in Aspergillus nidulans resulted in a 70% increase of the protein content and increased levels of free and bound aspartate, glutamate, serine, leucine and methionine. Likewise, the activities of NADP+ glutamate dehydrogenase, NAD+ gluatmate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were significantly increased. The total RNA content increased while the DNA content was unaffected. The rRNA/tRNA ratio remained higher in biotin-deficient cells. Supplementation of glutamate, aspartate, serine, leucine and methionine to the culture medium raised the rRNA/tRNA ratio, and the difference observed in the qualitative and the quantitative patterns of protein and dry cell mass between normal and biotin-deficient cultures was abolished. PMID- 43278 TI - Testicular biopsy in the study of male infertility: its current usefulness, histologic techniques, and prospects for the future. AB - Testicular biopsy has been widely used for the diagnosis of male infertility for more than three decades. During that time, with advances in cytogenetics, radioimmunoassay, and endocrinology, the role of testicular biopsy has changed. Testicular biopsy is still useful in the diagnosis of azoospermic and oligospermic males without stigmata of gonadotropic insufficiency or Klinefelter's syndrome. A classification and description is presented of pathologic changes in the testis as seen on testicular biopsy by light microscopy. The present rationale for testicular biopsy in infertility, the processing and staining of histologic material, and the role of testicular biopsy in infertility and infertility related situations, including cryptorchidism, malignant disease, and chemotherapy related changes, are discussed. Further understanding of testicular function and disease will depend upon the correlation of histologic and ultramicroscopic changes, immunohistologic localization of hormones, and epidemiologic and endocrinologic data. PMID- 43279 TI - Activation of the classical complement pathway by homogeneous anti-SIII antibody bound to bivalent or trivalent oligosaccharide antigens. PMID- 43280 TI - On the role of Tyr 34L in the antibody combining site of the dinitrophenyl binding protein 315. PMID- 43281 TI - Effect of L-histidine pretreatment on methamphetamine induced sterotyped behaviour in rats. AB - Pretreatment with L-histidine precursor of histamine was found to delay the onset, shorten the duration and decrease the intensity of stereotyped behaviour induced by methamphetamine while chlorcylizine a H1 receptor blocker was found not only to potentiate methamphetamine induced sterotyped behaviour but also to block the inhibitory effect of L-histidine on methamphetamine stereotypy. Our results indicate that the central histaminergic system by exerting a modulatory influence on the striatal dopaminergic system may influence the functioning of the extrapyramidal motor system. PMID- 43282 TI - Effect of unilateral stellate ganglion blockade and stimulation on experimental arrhythmias. PMID- 43283 TI - Brain Pituitary Adrenocortical Interrelationships. Satellite symposium of the Fifth International Congress on Hormonal Steroids (Varanasi, November 6-8, 1978). PMID- 43284 TI - Central histaminoceptor-adrenoceptor interrelations in the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone. AB - Intracerebroventricular administration of adrenaline, noradrenaline phenylephrine, clonidine and histamine produced a significant rise in plasma cortisol concentration whereas isoprenaline had no effect. alpha-Adrenoceptor blockers (yohimbine or piperoxon) per se did not alter the plasma cortisol level. Central pretreatment with yohimbine or piperoxin, blocked the rise in plasma cortisol level induced by icv noradrenaline, phenylephrine and clonidine. In another set of experiments, both H1 and H2 receptor antagonists (mepyramine, and metiamide) per se had not significant effect on plasma cortisol concentration. Central histamine induced rise in plasma cortisol concentration was significantly blocked by icv pretreatment with both H1 and H2 receptor blockers. Furthermore, yohimbine also significantly prevented the rise of plasma cortisol level induced by icv histamine. PMID- 43285 TI - Mannose-sensitive stimulation of human leukocyte chemiluminescence by Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli organisms with mannose-sensitive adherence factors (adhesins) are known to associate with human peripheral leukocytes (WBCs) in vitro in the absence of serum. To determine whether the WBC respiratory burst is activated during the interaction with E. coli, WBC chemiluminescence was measured. E. coli with mannose-sensitive adhesins stimulated a sharp burst of chemiluminescence which peaked 15 to 30 min after the bacteria and WBCs were mixed. Stimulation of chemiluminescence could be abrogated by including 10 mM alpha-methyl-D-mannoside in the test suspension. The addition of alpha-methyl-D-mannoside up to 20 min after the E. coli and WBCs were combined caused a rapid decrease in chemiluminescence. E. coli stimulation of chemiluminescence could not be inhibited by pretreating the WBCs with purified type 1 pili (fimbriae). E. coli lacking mannose-sensitive adhesins failed to stimulate chemiluminescence. The results emphasize the importance of mannose-sensitive adhesins in the association of E. coli with WBCs and suggest that the E. coli-WBC interaction system may be a useful tool for studying the mechanisms involved in the activation of the respiratory burst during phagocytosis. PMID- 43286 TI - Bacterial aggregating activity in human saliva: simultaneous determination of free and bound cells. AB - Two new assays for saliva-mediated aggregation of oral bacteria have been developed, based on the use of [3H]thymidine-labeled cells. One assay separates free cells from aggregated cells by centrifugation through sucrose, whereas the other utilizes membrane filters (8 micrometers, Nuclepore) to effect the separation. Comparison of these assays with the turbidity method reveals that they are faster (X20 to 40) and require 10 times less saliva and bacteria. The aggregation of Streptococcus sanguis M5, as determined with these assays, is complete in 5 min and is dose dependent on added cells and saliva. The reaction exhibits a temperature optimum of 42 degrees C with no reaction at 0 degrees C. If the pH is reduced to below 5, saliva-dependent aggregation is inhibited. The salivary factor(s) are heat labile, losing 100% of their activity after 100 degrees C, 10 min or 70 degrees C, 30 min. PMID- 43287 TI - Phenotypic stability of the cell wall of Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt grown under various conditions. AB - Quantitative analyses of cell walls from Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt grown under carbohydrate limitation in the chemostat showed that growth conditions had no statistically significant effect on the composition of polysaccharide, peptidoglycan, or the proportion of polysaccharide in the cell wall. Lysis of cell wall preparations with a muramidase supported this conclusion and further indicated that there was little difference in their overall structure. In contrast, there was a consistent difference between the rates of lysis by this enzyme of organisms grown in 0.2% glucose and 0.5% glucose. Extremes of pH or dilution rate essentially did not influence the immunogenicity of type c antigen in whole organisms irrespective of whether the carbohydrate source was glucose or sucrose. However, differences were found in the immunogenicity of lipoteichoic acid under similar circumstances. The results indicated there was an inherent phenotypic stability in the cell walls of S. mutans Ingbritt despite changes in pH, generation time, and carbohydrate source, and that any changes that did occur were probably due to associated cell-surface components. PMID- 43288 TI - Effect of carbohydrate source and growth conditions on the production of lipoteichoic acid by Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt. AB - Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt was grown in a chemostat at defined dilution rates and pH values and under carbohydrate limitation. At a constant dilution rate of D = 0.1 h-1 and with either 0.5% glucose or 0.5% sucrose, the amounts of both cellular and extracellular lipoteichoic acid increased as the culture pH increased from 5.0 to 7.5. At a constant pH of 6.0, the amount of cellular lipoteichoic acid formed by cultures growing in 0.2% or 0.5% glucose was relatively constant over a range of dilution rates, although the amount of extracellular lipoteichoic acid formed in 0.2% glucose at intermediate dilution rates was less than that formed in 0.5% glucose. Organisms grown in 0.5% sucrose at pH 6.0 contained increasing amounts of cellular lipoteichoic acid as the dilution rate was increased. A comparison of the amounts of cellular lipoteichoic acid formed by organisms growing at D = 0.5 h-1 and pH 6.0 in glucose, sucrose, fructose, or mixtures of glucose and fructose in limiting amounts suggested that the enhanced production of lipoteichoic acic by sucrose-grown organisms was due to the fructose component. The culture fluids from both glucose- and sucrose grown organisms contained detectable amounts of serotype c antigen, whereas glucose-grown cultures also contained significant amounts of an extracellular hexose-containing polymer. PMID- 43289 TI - Opsonic activity of normal human cerebrospinal fluid for selected bacterial species. AB - The opsonic activity of normal human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has not been well defined. In this study, the opsonic activity of normal CSF for laboratory and blood culture isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Hemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitidis was measured by a quantitative assay employing radiolabeled bacteria and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. All isolates of S. aureus, except the Wood 46 strain, were opsonized in undiluted CSF (>50% uptake by polymorphonuclear leukocytes.) There was heat-stable and heat-labile opsonic activity in CSF for S. aureus. Only one blood culture isolate of E. coli was moderately well opsonized in undiluted CSF (26% uptake). None of the remaining laboratory or clinical isolates were opsonized in undiluted CSF. The S. aureus isolates were more readily opsonized in dilute normal serum than were the other bacterial species, and complement appeared to be the heat-labile opsonin in serum. However, complement may not be the heat-labile opsonin in normal CSF for S. aureus. In contrast to serum, complement C3 was not visualized on the staphylococcal cell surface by immunofluorescence microscopy and chelation of CSF did not diminish opsonic activity. This study demonstrates that normal CSF is opsonic for S. aureus but not for bacterial species that more commonly cause meningitis. These species differences in opsonic requirements may be important in the pathogenesis of meningitis. PMID- 43290 TI - Comparative immunogenicity of group 6 pneumococcal type 6A(6) and type 6B(26) capsular polysaccharides. AB - The comparative immunogenicity of the two cross-reacting group 6 pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides, type 6A(6) and type 6B(26), was studied with hyperimmune rabbit typing antisera and with sera from adult volunteers injected with polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines containing either 50 mug of type 6A (U.S. designation, type 6) or 50 mug each of type 6A and type 6B (U.S. designation, type 26) polysaccharides. Both group 6 polysaccharides were linear copolymers composed of 1 mol each of d-galactose, d-glucose, l-rhamnose, and d-ribitol phosphate. They differed only in that type 6A had a rhammopyranosyl-(1 --> 3)-d ribitol bond and the type 6B had a rhamnopyranosyl-(1 --> 4)-d-ribitol bond. Quantitative precipitation and absorption analyses with rabbit hyperimmune antisera induced by simultaneous injection with type 6A and type 6B organisms revealed extensive cross-reactions between the two group 6 polysaccharides. There was less, although still quite extensive, cross-reactivity between the two group 6 polysaccharides examined with antisera from rabbits injected with only one of the group 6 pneumococci. In a radioimmunoassay, using (14)C internally labeled type 6A or type 6B polysaccharide antigens, there was no difference in the serum antibody level to either type of volunteer injected with polyvalent pneumococcal vaccines containing type 6A or both type 6A and type 6B polysaccharides. These studies indicate that the structural similarity of the pneumococcal group 6 polysaccharides confers extensive cross-reactivity with hyperimmune typing antisera prepared with whole organisms or after injection of purified polysaccharides in adult volunteers. With our current polysaccharides, it appears that a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine formulation that contains only type 6A will serve to induce the maximum amount of serum antibodies to both group 6 organisms. PMID- 43291 TI - Effect of growth rate and glucose concentration on the biochemical properties of Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt in continuous culture. AB - A comparison was made of the properties of Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt grown in continuous culture under conditions of excess glucose (nitrogen limitation) and limiting glucose at mean generation times of 1.7 to 14 h. Only low levels of glucoamylase-specific glycogen were formed in cells from either culture, and the total carbohydrate content of the cells under excess glucose was only at most 1.6 fold higher than in the glucose-limited culture. A negligible amount of cell-free polysaccharide was formed in either culture, although a significant level of glucosyltransferase activity was observed in both, with the highest activity at D = 0.2 and 0.4 h(-1) with a glucose limitation. Other differences were observed. (i) Lactate was the main end product of the glucose-excess culture, whereas acetate, formate, and ethanol were the main products of the glucose-limited culture except at a mean generation time of 1.5, when lactate represented 30% of the products. (ii) The yield (in grams per mole of glucose) of the latter culture was 2.6- to 4.0- fold higher than the yield of the glucose-excess culture. (iii) Washed cells from the glucose-limited culture were much more acidogenic (1.7- to 6.2-fold) than the glucose-excess cells when incubated with glucose, sucrose, and fructose. Endogenous glycolytic activity by the latter cells was significant, being 31 to 92% of the exogenous glucose rate at the four dilution rates. (iv) Cells from the glucose-excess culture were more insensitive to fluoride than cells from the glucose-limited culture. The NaF 50% inhibition dose values for the effect of fluoride on the metabolism of glucose, sucrose, and fructose were calculated for the four dilution rates at four pH values. This analysis indicated that rapidly metabolizing cells were more sensitive to fluoride than cells that metabolized the sugars more slowly. PMID- 43292 TI - Effects of heat-stable enterotoxin of Yersinia enterocolitica on ion transport and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate metabolism in rabbit ileum. AB - Strains of Yersinia enterocolitica produce a heat-stable enterotoxin which is positive in the suckling mouse bioassay. Partial purification by a procedure previously worked out for heat-stable Escherichia coli enterotoxin yielded a substance which increases particulate guanylate cyclase activity and short circuit current and inhibits active Cl-absorption in rabbit ileal mucosa. These effects of Y. enterocolitica enterotoxin are similar to those of heat-stable E. coli enterotoxin, suggesting a common mechanism of action. PMID- 43293 TI - Rauscher leukemia as a model for studies of marrow transplantation therapy: results using syngeneic, allogeneic and hybrid donors. PMID- 43294 TI - On the clinical pharmacology of talinolol, a new beta 1-adrenoceptor blocking agent. PMID- 43295 TI - Effects of the administration of artroglobina suppositories in healthy volunteers. AB - Forty-nine healthy volunteers were treated daily with Artroglobina suppositories (anticartilage antiparathyroid immunoglobulins) for twelve days, in order to prove the absence of side effects. Volunteers were examined daily. Blood and urine samples were taken before the treatment, twelve days, twenty-four days and six months after the beginning of the treatment. Slight changes were noted in some parameters though remaining in the normal range and disappearing six months later. No symptoms of intolerance, toxicity or side effects were registered. PMID- 43297 TI - [26th meeting of the Swiss Society for Nutrition Research, April 27, 1979, Zurich (Switzerland)]. PMID- 43296 TI - Obesity in America. An overview of the Second Fogarty International Center Conference on Obesity. PMID- 43298 TI - Irish Endocrine Society--proceedings of meeting held in the Pharmacology Department, University College, Cork, on 10th November 1978. PMID- 43299 TI - 44th meeting of the Israel Physiological and Pharmacological Society. 10 April 1979, Jerusalem. Abstracts of papers. PMID- 43300 TI - [Ischemic muscle necroses]. PMID- 43301 TI - Congenital defect in intracellular cobalamin metabolism resulting in homocystinuria and methylmalonic aciduria. II. Biochemical investigations. AB - Biochemical investigations are reported in an infant with methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria who died at 4 months of age. Postmortem analysis of liver obtained 2 weeks after the child was treated with vitamin B12 revealed deficient activity of both cobalamin dependent enzymes: N5-methyltetrahydrofolate: homocysteine methyltransferase (requiring Me-Cbl), and methylmalonyl CoA mutase (requiring Ado-Cbl). MMA-CoA mutase activity could be restored to normal in vitro by added Ado-Cbl, but MeTHF-HCy transferase activity was not significantly enhanced by addition of Me-Cbl. Though the serum total cobalamin was normal, total cobalamin in liver and kidney was abnormally low. In the kidney Me-Cbl and Ado-Cbl were disproportionally decreased whereas in the liver only Ado-Cbl was significantly reduced. This suggests that at least some of the CN-Cbl administered was converted to the coenzymes in liver which would explain the reduction of MMA- and HCy-excretion during therapy. The results show 1. that this infant suffered from a congenital defect in one of the steps of intracellular cobalamin metabolism or transport common to the synthesis of both coenzymes, 2. that life-long treatment with vitamin B12 (OH-Cbl) may be of value in similar cases, particularly if given early in the course of the disease. PMID- 43302 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine-beta hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase in the adrenal glands of the frog and rat by a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. AB - The subcellular localizations of tryrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine-beta hydroxylase (DBH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) in the adrenal glands of the frog and rat have been examined by a peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) method. TH was localized in the ground substance of the adrenaline-containing cells and noradrenaline-containing cells, but not in the nucleus or in the mitochondria. TH was also located on the outside of the membrane of the chromaffin granules. DBH was observed only inside the granules. PNMT was found not only in the ground substance but also on the membrane of some adrenaline-containing granules. Cortical lipid cells of the frog adrenals did not show TH-, DBH-, and PNMT-reactions. The negative reactions to TH-, DBH-, and PNMT antiserum exhibited by the summer cells of the frog adrenals prove that they belong to the cortical cells. PMID- 43303 TI - Conference on combined modalities: chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, November 15-18, 1978. PMID- 43304 TI - Itinerant psychiatry. PMID- 43305 TI - Altered coagulability in malignancy. PMID- 43306 TI - Electrocardiographic changes in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 43307 TI - Bilateral pneumothorax and pneumopericardium followed by pericardial effusion. PMID- 43308 TI - Colon ischemia after aortic aneurysm resection. PMID- 43309 TI - Serodiagnosis of mycotic infections. PMID- 43310 TI - Impact of culture on health care: Hispanos. PMID- 43311 TI - The superior vena cava syndrome: a review of the literature. PMID- 43312 TI - Brain abscess secondary to bacterial endocarditis in a heroin addict. PMID- 43313 TI - Trichinosis. PMID- 43314 TI - Responsibilities to provide access to handicapped people. PMID- 43315 TI - Illinois Joint Practice Committee. PMID- 43316 TI - Physician advertising focus of new law. PMID- 43317 TI - A cohort study of canine testicular neoplasia. AB - A prospective epidemiologic study of canine testicular neoplasia was undertaken in the Philadelphia area in 1971, with the cooperation of private veterinary practitioners. By the end of 1975, 938 dogs had been monitored for an average of 2 years. The cohort consisted of 609 cryptorchid and 329 age- and breed-matched controls. The incidence of testicular neoplasia in the cryptorchid subcohort was 12.7/1,000 dog-years at risk. Testicular neoplasms did not develop in controls. A large proportion of the dogs were below the average age at onset for this neoplasm. Among dogs over 6 years of age, the incidence was 68.1/1,000 dog-years at risk. The incidence of Sertoli cell tumors and seminoma was approximately twice as high in dogs with unilaterally retained inguinal testicles as in abdominal cryptorchids. Sertoli cell tumors developed in 10 dogs and seminoma developed in 6. One half of the testicular neoplasms that developed did so within the first year of observation. This study demonstrated the feasibility of conducting prospective epidemiologic studies of canine diseases with the assistance of practicing veterinarians. PMID- 43318 TI - Acidic degredation of cephaloglycin and high performance liquid chromatographic determination of deacetylcephaloglycin in human urine. AB - In order to provide fundamental knowledge about the determination of deacetylcephaloglycin excreted in human urine as an active metabolite of cephaloglycin, the degradation of cephaloglycin in acidic media has been investigated with varying reaction temperature between 30 degrees and 50 degrees C and pH between 1.2 and 2.8. The degradation pathway observed under these conditions was the elimination of the 3-acetyl group yielding deacetylcephaloglycin followed by formation of deacetylcephaloglycin lactone. Estimation of first order rate constants revealed that deacetylation is the rate determining step for the degradation of cephaloglycin to the lactone. It is found from the kinetic results that reproducible assays of deacetylcephaloglycin excreted in urine can be achieved by a quantitative conversion to deacetylcephaloglycin lactone in a medium of pH 1.4 at 37 degrees C for 2 hours, followed by a reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. The utility of the present method is demonstrated by determining the time course of urinary excretion of deacetylcephaloglycin after oral administration of cephaloglycin capsule. PMID- 43319 TI - Biosynthesis of leupeptin. II Purification and properties of leupeptin acid synthetase. AB - An enzyme which condenses acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine and L-arginine into acetyl-L leucyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-arginine (leupeptin acid) was partially purified from a cell extract of Streptomyces roseus MA839-A1. With respect to this catalytic activity, the enzyme showed the following characteristics: ATP is essential; optimum pH is 9.5; the activity is inhibited either by EDTA or pyrophosphate or N ethylmaleimide. The molecular weight of the enzyme is about 260,000 daltons. It also catalyzes some other extension reactions, such as, acetyl-L-leucine+L leucine+L-arginine leads to leupeptin acid, and acetyl-L-leucine+L-leucine leads to acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine, but neither L-leucine+L-arginine leads to (L leucyl)1--2-L-argining, nor acetyl-L-leucine+L-arginine leads to acetyl-L-leucyl L-arginine. ATP-PPi exchange, catalyzed by this enzyme, proceeds with either acetyl-L-leucine, or acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucine or L-leucine, but not with acetate or arginine. PMID- 43320 TI - Inhibition of focus formation of rat cells by mouse sarcoma virus by damavaricin Fc derivatives. PMID- 43321 TI - The effect of pH on maximum bacterial growth rate and its possible role as a determinant of bacterial competition in the rumen. PMID- 43322 TI - Histamine, tyramine, tryptamine and electrolytes during glucose induced lactic acidosis. PMID- 43323 TI - Response of stress-susceptible and stress-resistant Hampshire pigs to electrical stress. I. Physiological and biochemical effects. PMID- 43324 TI - Dietary buffers and ruminal and blood parameters of subclinical lactic acidosis in steers. PMID- 43325 TI - An analysis of the buffer system in the rumen of dairy cattle. AB - A method is presented for the analysis of buffer systems in the rumen using the first derivation of titration curves. Bicarbonate and volatile fatty acids (VFA) are the main components of the buffering system in the rumen fluid of dairy cattle under widely different feeding conditions. Phosphate from saliva is of little importance as a buffer, but neutralizes acids produced in the rumen. After studying five cows during the peripartal period a spontaneous and transient increase in the concentrations of VFA and a soluble marker (PEG) as well as a drop in pH and in the bicarbonate concentrations not related to feeding was observed in two animals that were sampled several hours before parturition. The potential risk of provoking rumen disturbances upon feeding animals close to the time of parturition, when buffering capacity may be minimal, is stressed. PMID- 43326 TI - Effect of dietary lactic acid on rumen lactate metabolism and blood acid-base status of lambs switched from low to high concentrate diets. AB - Two experiments were conducted with ruminally fistulated wether lambs to determine the effect of lactic acid addition to a hay diet on rumen lactate metabolism, blood acid-base status and subsequent adaptation to a high concentrate diet. In Exp. 1, lambs were fed mature brome hay (H), H plus 5% (w/w) D,L lactic acid (H5L) or H plus 10% lactic acid (H10L) (three lambs per treatment) for 14 days (phase I) then switched to a 90% concentrate diet for 2 days (phase II). In Exp. 2, lambs were fed alfalfa-brome hay (H) (six lambs), H plus 2.5% lactic acid (H2.5L) (six lambs) or H plus 5% lactic acid (H5L) (four lambs) during phase I, then switched to a 70% concentrate diet (3 days) followed by a 90% concentrate diet (10 days) (phase II). During both experiments rumen fluid samples were taken periodically for pH and lactate analyses and in vitro L- or D-lactate disappearance (IVLD) studies. Blood samples were taken to measure acid-base status, serum lactate, and serum calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. Dietary lactic acid enhanced IVLD during phase I of both experiments. L and D isomer IVLD rates were similar and followed zero-order kinetics. In Exp. 2, IVLD increased rapidly during phase II in response to increased concentrate level in the diet; the enhanced rates of H2.5L and H5L lambs were sustained for the first 3 days of phase II. Blood data from both experiments indicated a deleterious effect of dietary lactic acid on blood acid-base balance; however, this treatment effect was not manifested in any symptoms of acute acidosis. There was a decrease (P less than .05) in serum calcium during phase II of both experiments. In Experiment 1, serum calcium increased linearly (P less than .05) in response to dietary lactic acid level. In Exp. 1, rumen fluid total lactate and L-lactate were lower (P less than .05) for H5L vs H lambs during phase II. However, all lambs in Exp. 1 experienced acute acidosis; four of the nine lambs subsequently died. There was evidence of acidosis in Exp. 2, but there were no clear treatment effects during phase II on rumen fluid pH or lactate, or feed intake. All lambs adapted to the high concentrate diets as evidenced by rumen lactate levels and feed intakes. In both experiments, the proportion of L-lactate in rumen fluid decreased from almost 100 to about 50% of total lactate by the end of phase II. PMID- 43327 TI - Quantitative and dynamic aspects of nitrogen metabolism in the rumen: a modeling analysis. AB - A modeling approach to analyses of ruminant digestive function is described. The approach provides for evaluations of current concepts and data for adequacy as explanations of behavior of the real system. It also provides for evaluation of hypotheses for probable adequacy as explanations of real behavior where proven concepts fail, and for identification of critical experiments. Analyses of several aspects of microbial maintenance and growth and dietary protein degradation are emphasized. PMID- 43328 TI - Colorimetric and spectrophotometric determination of total and non-phenolic alkaloids in ipeca and its formulations. AB - A simple method, requiring no chromatographic separation, is presented for the determination of the total and non-phenolic alkaloids in ipeca and its preparations. The complex formed between the alkaloid and methyl orange at pH 5.0 is extracted with chloroform and treated with 0.1N NaOH. The liberated dye, determined at 460 nm, is a measure of the total alkaloids. The chloroform phase remaining is treated with 0.1N H2SO4, and the acid extract is measured at 283 nm for the non-phenolic alkaloids, calculated as emetine. The proposed method was successfully applied to samples of ipeca powder, ipeca tincture, and 3 British Pharmaceutical Codex mixtures containing ipeca tincture, namely, ipecacuanha mixture, pediatric; ipecacuanha and ammonia mixture, pediatric; and belladonna and ipecacuanha mixture, pediatric. The proposed method compares favorably with the Egyptian Pharmacopoeia, British Pharmacopoeia, and USP methods and has a relative standard deviation of 1.54%. The present procedure is less time consuming and requires about 45 and 90 min for the assay of ipeca tincture and powder, respectively. Only a small sample (0.2 mL tincture of 1.0 g powder) is required. PMID- 43329 TI - [Oral administration of alclofenac in every day medical practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 43330 TI - Ion-exchange chromatographic separation and fluorometric detection of guanidino compounds in physiologic fluids. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the separation and fluorometric detection of guanidino compounds in physiologic fluids. All guanidino compounds were separated on a 17 X 0.46 cm cation-exchange column using a stepwise pH gradient. The chromatographic system was designed to enable the use of the specific reagent 9,10-phenanthrenequinone as a means of monitoring the guanidino compounds of physiologic fluids. This new analytical method is so sensitive that it enables the analysis at the picomole level. Our automatic guanidino-compound analyzer was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of all guanidino compounds in physiologic fluids from normal controls and uremic patients. PMID- 43331 TI - Artifacts produced by using dichloromethane in the extraction and storage of some antihistaminic drugs. AB - The use of dichloromethane for the extraction of amines may lead to the formation of artifacts. Dichloromethane reacts rapidly (37.5 degrees) with brompheniramine, diphenylpyraline, cyclizine, cyproheptadine but not with antazoline and lignocaine. This difference in reactivity as well as the thin-layer chromatographic, gas-liquid chromatographic, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometric characteristics of cyclizine and diphenylpyraline chloromethochlorides are investigated. PMID- 43332 TI - Simple preparation of a bonded cation-exchange packing material and its application to the separation of phenothiazines by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A method for introducing sulphonic acid groups on to a microparticulate silica is described. This involves formation of a mercaptopropyl bonded phase followed by oxidation to the corresponding sulphonic acid. The packing material so prepared displays cation-exchange properties and has been used to separate phenothiazines. PMID- 43333 TI - Simultaneous determination of diazepam and its metabolies N-desmethyldiazepam, oxydiazepam and oxazepam in plasma and urine of man and dog by means of high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 43334 TI - Determination of butaperazine in biological fluids by gas chromatography using nitrogen specific detection system. AB - A simple and sensitive gas chromatographic method for the quantitative determination of butaperazine in biological fluids is described. The use of a nitrogen specific detector reduces the number of interfering peaks, thereby increasing the number of samples that can be analyzed. When butaperazine is extracted from 2 ml of plasma, the coefficient of variation is 7.4% over the concentration range of 5-180 ng/ml. The method was used to measure the levels in plasma and red blood cells in schizophrenic patients treated with butaperazine. It was also extended to measure butaperazine levels in rat red blood cells, plasma, liver, and brain after intraperitoneal injection (15 mg/kg). PMID- 43335 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of antibodies against pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens: comparison with radioimmunoassay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring antibodies against each of 14 polysaccharides in contemporary pneumococcal vaccine is described, and the findings of tests of paired sera from vaccinated human subjects are compared with those obtained by radioimmunoassay. The findings were in very poor agreement, and this appears to be due to the lesser ability of the ELISA procedure to measure antibody of low avidity. The ELISA procedure described here is not considered to be a satisfactory substitute for radioimmunoassay for measuring antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 43336 TI - Effects of blood on blood culture medium. AB - The morphological and biochemical changes that occur after inoculation of sterile blood into a blood culture medium (tryptic soy broth) with sodium polyanetholesulfonate and CO(2) were investigated. Cellular changes, pH, PCO(2), and PO(2) were monitored and evaluated. Erythrocytes became crenated and developed precipitated hemoglobin inclusions within 4 h. The lymphocytes appeared morphologically intact at 24 h, and by 48 h a few cells had undergone transformation. Many neutrophils were vacuolated at 24 h. Neutrophils capable of phagocytizing Staphylococcus aureus were observed after 18 h of incubation. Identifiable eosinophiles were present on day 6 of the study. A decrease in PO(2) in the unvented bottles from 44.4 to 8 mm of Hg occurred by 24 h. PO(2) remained low for 6 days, after which a slight increase occurred. An increase in PO(2) in the vented bottle from 51 to 58 mm of Hg occurred by 24 h of incubation. In both the vented and unvented bottles the PCO(2) increased. This increase was markedly more rapid in the unvented bottle. From a pH of 7.06 a decrease occurred for the first 24 h after inoculation, with the pH stabilizing at 6.8 in the vented bottles and at 6.6 in the unvented bottles. The biochemical changes that occurred in the vented culture bottles stabilized more rapidly than those of the unvented bottles. Changes caused by the addition of sterile blood to a blood culture medium resulted in conditions which departed considerably from accepted optima for the isolation of clinically important microorganisms. The phagocytosis of organisms that occurred may also have reduced the yield. PMID- 43337 TI - Studies on the pathogenicity of Moraxella bovis in relation to infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. PMID- 43338 TI - Suppression of histamine-induced pruritus by hydroxyzine and various neuroleptics. AB - This study evaluates the ability of hydroxyzine and various neuroleptics to suppress histamine-induced pruritus in ten volunteer subjects with the use of a double-blind crossover protocol. The itch threshold was determined in each volunteer by intradermal injection of gradually increasing concentrations of histamine. Volunteers were then given the study drugs and placebo at the same interval of time, under near identical conditions, and the itch threshold was determined. Thiothixene, hydroxyzine hydrochloride, chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and a lactose placebo were evaluated. Compared to other drugs, hydroxyzine alone was more effective in the suppression of histamine-induced itch. Consequently, hydrozyzine may be more effective in histamine-induced pruritus. The neuroleptic drugs used in this study do not significantly suppress histamine-induced pruritus, but they may be beneficial in nonhistamine-induced pruritus or psychogenic pruritus. PMID- 43339 TI - Self-desensitization and meditation in the reduction of public speaking anxiety. PMID- 43340 TI - Comparison of heart rate biofeedback, false biofeedback, and systematic desensitization in reducing speech anxiety: short- and long-term effectiveness. PMID- 43341 TI - Food availability and period of exposure as factors of Bacillus sphaericus efficacy on mosquito larvae. PMID- 43342 TI - Failure of pyridoxine to effect neuroleptic-induced hyperprolactinemia in psychotic patients. AB - The effects of acute and repeated administration of pyridoxine on serum prolactin levels were studied in 18 chronic schizophrenics, 10 women and 8 men, in whom hyperprolactinemia had been induced by long-term treatment with phenothiazines, haloperidol, sulpiride or clopentixol. The patients were divided into 5 groups: group 1 received 300 mg of the vitamin per os in a single dose; group 2 received 300 mg of the vitamin per os for 7 days; group 3 received 300 mg of the vitamin iv as a single bolus; group 4 received 600 mg of the vitamin iv as a single bolus; group 5 received 1200 mg of the vitamin per os in a single dose. Prolactin levels were examined before and 15, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 min after the single administration of pyridoxine, either iv or per os, and on days 3,5, 7 of the chronic administration. There was no decrease in prolactin levels either after oral or iv administration of the drug, given in single or repeated doses. Therefore, this treatment is not useful for the suppression of hyperprolactinemia induced by neuroleptics. PMID- 43343 TI - Triploids and male determination in the mosquito, Anopheles culicifacies. AB - One family of Anopheles culicifacies was isolated in which all individuals examined (4 out of 13) were triploid. The one male examined was XXY, suggesting that unlike Drosophila the Y chromosome in this species may be important in male determination. PMID- 43344 TI - Clostridium perfringens type A: certain characters of epidemiologic significance. AB - Survival of spores of Cl. perfringens type A was significantly greater than that of vegetative cells in acid pH (pH 1.2). Survival of spores in soil varied from strain to strain. Time required for 5 million spores to be reduced to 500 per gram of soil varied from 2 to 8 months with an average of 4.5+/-2.3 months. Quantitative and qualitative heat resistance studies revealed that a majority of the Indian and all the American strains tested were heat-sensitive. These characters of Cl. perfringens have an important bearing on the epidemiology of food poisoning due to this agent. PMID- 43345 TI - Experimental otitis media in chinchillas following nasal colonization with type 7F Streptococcus pneumoniae: prevention after vaccination with pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide. AB - Chinchillas were colonized intranasally with type 7F Streptococcus pneumoniae, and pneumococcal otitis media developed in greater than 50% of the animals during the first week after negative middle ear pressure (-25 mm Hg) was briefly applied. Twenty-three chinchillas were vaccinated subcutaneously with the capsular polysaccharde of type 7F S. pneumoniae to determine whether vaccination could prevent the development of experimental otitis media. Following vaccination, 14 animals seroconverted with at least a twofold rise in serum antibody concentration; nine animals that were vaccinated did not seroconvert. All of 23 vaccinated animals and 42 of 42 unvaccinated control animals became colonized after intranasal inoculation with pneumococci. Only one (7%) of the vaccinated seroconverting animals developed pneumococcal otitis media, whereas 26 (62%) of the control animals developed middle ear infection with type 7F pneumococci. Four (44%) of nine vaccinated nonseroconverting animals developed pneumococcal otitis media. Protection was associated with high levels of serum antibody prior to intranasal inoculation. Higher antibody levels were found in sterile middle ear effusions than in S. pneumoniae-infected effusions. Vaccination with type 7F pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide significantly reduced the incidence of pneumococcal otitis media following intranasal inoculation of type 7F S. pneumoniae in chinchillas. PMID- 43346 TI - [Regulatory mechanisms for the synthesis of liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase and pituitary corticotropin-beta-lipotropin precursor (author's transl)]. PMID- 43347 TI - [Mechanism and control of fatty acid biosynthesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 43348 TI - Cocaine: a review. PMID- 43349 TI - Comparative gastrointestinal and biliary tract effects of morphine and butorphanol (Stadol). AB - Butorphanol, levo-N-cyclobutylmethyl-3,14 beta-dihydroxy-morphinan, is a new agonist-antagonist type analgetic agent which is 4 to 8 times more potent than morphine in experimental animals and man. Butorphanol and morphine were evaluated in mice and dogs for their gastrointestinal and biliary tract smooth muscle effects. Morphine decreased the propulsion of a charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract of the mouse in a dose related manner with the maximal inhibition obtainable being 90%. Butorphanol produced a maximal inhibition of motility of only 40% with very high doses producing less of an inhibitory effect than lower doses. In dogs, morphine caused a dose-dependent increase in duodenal smooth muscle activity and a dose-dependent decrease in bile duct flow. A clinically effective i.v. dose of morphine (0.1 mg/kg) produced a statistically significant spasmogenic effect on dog biliary tract and gastrointestinal smooth muscle, while a clinically effective equianalgetic i.v. dose of butorphanol (0.025 mg/kg i.v.) had little or not effect on the biliary or gastrointestinal systems. These findings indicate that at equianalgetic doses, butorphanol should produce less constipation and less biliary tract and gastrointestinal smooth muscle spasm than morphine. PMID- 43350 TI - Pentoxifylline. Pharmacological and clinical research. Symposium. Athens. March 22, 1978. PMID- 43351 TI - The thirty-fifth annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Electron Microscopy, held at Takarazuka, May 23-25, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 43352 TI - Glutamine metabolism in nitrogen-starved conidia of Neurospora crassa. AB - During nitrogen deprivation, de novo synthesis of glutamine synthetase was induced in non-growing conidia of Neurospora crassa. When ammonia or glutamine was added to conidia which had been deprived of nitrogen, glutamine and arginine accumulated at a higher rate than in condia not deprived of nitrogen. The degradation of exogenous glutamine to glutamate is apparently a necessary step in the accumulation of glutamine and arginine within the conidia. In non-growing conidia, a cycle probably operates in which glutamine is degraded and resynthesized. The advantages of such a cycle would be that the carbon and nitrogen could be used to synthesize amino acids in general, as well as for the synthesis and accumulation of arginine and/or glutamine in particular. PMID- 43353 TI - Adenosine triphosphatase activity of Tritrichomonas foetus. AB - Homogenates of Tritrichomonas foetus exhibited a Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, with a pH optimum in Tris buffers of 8.2 to 8.3. The activity was not sensitive to oxygen. At high concentrations, quercetin and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan inhibited ATPase activity in the cytoplasmic extract by 20 and 70%, respectively, whereas oligomycin, venturicidin, triethyltin, leucinostatin, dibutylchloromethyltin chloride, spegazzinine, efrapeptin, citreoviridin and sodium azide had no effect and N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide stimulated the activity somewhat. The activity was localized in a population of small cytoplasmic particles which also contained an acid phosphatase. There was no indication of an association of ATPase with hydrogenosomes. The ATPase activity (or activities) in this aerotolerant anaerobe is different from the ATPases characteristic of mitochondria or of anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 43354 TI - Purification of pili from Bacteroides nodosus and an examination of their chemical, physical and serological properties. AB - Pili from Bacteroides nodosus were purified to greater than 99% homogeneity by precipitation at pH 4.0 and in MgCl2 followed by chromatography on BioGel A150. The pili were composed entirely of one type of polypeptide subunit, pilin. No carbohydrates, nucleic acid, lipid, lipopolysaccharide or phosphate could be detected in purified pili preparations. The molecular weight of pilin from B. nodosus strains 91B and 198 was 18,400 and from strain 80 was 19,300. The isoelectric points of pili from B. nodosus strains 91B and 80 were both 4.5. The buoyant densities of pili from strains 91B, 80 and 198 were 1.287, 1.284 and 1.286 g ml-1, respectively. The three strains of B. nodosus did not cross-react in K-agglutination tests and produced pili which did not cross-react in immunodiffusion tests. Antiserum to highly purified pili caused a characteristic K-type agglutination reaction. It was concluded that pili are the K-agglutinogen. PMID- 43355 TI - Taxonomic and serologic studies on Micropolyspora faeni and Micropolyspora strains from soil bearing the specific epithet rectivirgula. AB - The results of serological studies on six strains of Micropolyspora faeni from hay, sputum and plant debris, and five strains of Mip. rectivirgula from soil indicated no significant differences between the two species. Antisera raised in rabbits against purified antigens of the type strains were used to compare the 11 strains by immunoelectrophoresis. The detailed antigenic composition of the type strains was also determined by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis against specific rabbit antisera and pooled serum samples from patients suffering from farmer's lung. Cross-reacting antigens were identified by intermediate gel immunoelectrophoresis. The close similarity of the two species was confirmed by the results of 60 morphological physiological and biochemical tests applied to the 11 strains. We consider that the strains belong to a single species and propose that the specific epithet faeni be conserved for the taxon. PMID- 43356 TI - Purification and partial characterization of hyaluronate lyase (EC 4.2.2.1) from Propionibacterium acnes. AB - Hyaluronidase from Propionibacterium acnes has been purified 13,000-fold from the culture supernatant to homogeneity (as determined by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis). The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was 85,110 as determined by gel filtration. The purified enzyme had a pH optimum at 6.4, was stable between pH 5 and 5.8 and was completely inactivated after 15 min at 50 degrees C. Preliminary studies suggested that the enzyme is active against chondroitin 4- and 6-sulphates, but not against dermatan sulphate. Analysis by paper chromatography of the reaction products from the degradation of hyaluronic acid by bacterial, testicular and P. acnes enzymes suggested that the P. acnes enzyme is similar in its mode of action to other bacterial hyaluronate lyases. The enzyme from P. acnes may thus be tentatively classified as a hyaluronate lyase. PMID- 43357 TI - Properties of a gonococcal inhibitor produced by Escherichia coli. AB - Strains of Escherichia coli can inhibit the in vitro growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. One E. coli strain released a potent agar-diffusible gonococcal growth inhibitor which was extracted and assayed in an agar well assay system. The culture conditions necessary to produce the inhibitor were determined. The inhibitor was bacteriostatic, in most cases, for N. gonorrhoeae. Based on ultrafiltration and column chromatography, the inhibitor appeared to have a molecular weight in the range of 1200 to 2000. Evidence that the molecule contained charged sites was obtained by membrane binding and column chromatography. The inhibitor was stable to extremes of heat, cold and pH. It was not volatile or susceptible to proteolytic enzymes, lysozyme, lipase, DNAase, RNAase or certain chelating agents. Its activity was completely blocked by ferric ammonium citrate. This inhibitor is dissimilar to previously reported gonococcal inhibitors of bacterial origin. PMID- 43358 TI - Physico-chemical characterization and partial purification of mouse immune interferon. AB - Mouse immune (type T) interferon was produced from suspensions of spleen cells (1 X 10(7) cells/ml) treated with 3 micrograms/ml of phytohaemagglutinin. The crude interferon was chromatographed on four sorbents with varying affinities, namely concanavalin A-Sepharose, Affi-Gel 202, Blue Sepharose CL-6B and Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B. With each of these the interferon activity was observed to have considerable heterogeneity. By means of affinity chromatography, mouse immune interferon was purified 100 to 200 times with concomitant complete recovery of activity. PMID- 43359 TI - Biophysical properties of a non-cultivable 29-nm enteric virus. AB - A 29 nm non-cultivable virus (NCV) was detected in faecal extracts from children hospitalized for gastroenteritis. The NCV had a density of 1.35 g/ml in glycerol potassium tartrate density gradients and was resistant to degradation by proteolytic enzymes, non-ionic detergents and pH extremes. The surface of these virus particles had knob-like projections which appeared to have a symmetrical arrangement. When heated to 56 degrees C, the virus was completely degraded to soluble components which could not be seen by electron microscopy. PMID- 43360 TI - A new strategy for chronic pain control: the multi-modal approach. Preliminary results (Part I). PMID- 43361 TI - Survival of crevicular microorganisms in an artificial culture medium. PMID- 43362 TI - Nitroglycerin--the first one hundred years: new facts about an old drug. PMID- 43363 TI - Direct and reflex effects of nitroglycerin on the blood volume distribution, evaluated by regional weighing in the cat. AB - The effects of nitroglycerin on the blood volume distribution were studied with a method of regional weighing in the anaesthetized cat. An i.v. bolus injection of nitroglycerin produced a dose-dependent decrease in arterial pressure accompanying a decrease in the thoracic blood volume. The latter change was associated with blood volume increases principally in the abdomen, and slightly in the hindquarters. Elimination of the cardiovascular reflex effects by carotid sinus denervation and cervical vagotomy signficantly enhanced and prolonged the following changes: the hypotension, the decrease in thoracic blood volume and the volume pooling in the abdomen. The magnitude of increase in hindquarters blood volume was not significantly affected by the denervation procedures, but the duration was much prolonged. The results indicate that the major site of nitroglycerin-induced venous pooling is in the splanchnic circulation. The peripheral venous pooling is produced at the expense of a decrease in the central or pulmonary blood volume. The secondary reflex adjustments tend to minimize the direct effects of nitroglycerin on the blood pressure and blood volume distribution. PMID- 43364 TI - Reduction in blood pressure in normal and spontaneously hypertensive rats by lergotrile mesylate. AB - The acute administration of lergotrile mesylate to normal or spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) causes a prompt reduction in blood pressure. In SHR, doses as small as 0.05 mg kg-1 are effective; maximal reductions in blood pressure are obtained at a dose of 0.25 mg kg-1. Lergotrile may be administered intraperitoneally or orally. Its efficacy as an antihypertensive agent in rats does not diminish significantly when administered twice daily for 7 days. Although lergotrile has been reported to be a dopamine agonist, the present data do not establish the mechanism by which the drug lowers blood pressure. PMID- 43365 TI - Release of [3H]noradrenaline induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine from cat pial arteries. AB - Pial arteries of cats were used to analyse the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5 HT) on the release of [3H]noradrenaline. To achieve this the vessels were preincubated with [3H]noradrenaline and the effect of different concentrations of 5-HT (10(-6), 10(-5), 10(-4) M) on the release of tritium was studied. 5-HT elicited release of radioactivity in a dose-dependent manner. Removal of both superior cervical sympathetic ganglia 15 days before the experiment of pretreatment of the animals with reserpine (3 mg kg-1, total dose) produced a significant decrease in the outflow of tritium induced by 5-HT. In these arteries, the amount of radioactivity retained at the end of the experiment was much diminished. Cocaine (10(-6) M) caused a significant decrease in the tritium efflux induced by 5-HT (1"0(-5) M). These results show that 5-HT has an indirect adrenergic effect in the pial arteries of the cat only at high doses of 5-HT, and confirm that sympathetic innervation of these vessels mainly comes from the superior cervical ganglia. PMID- 43366 TI - Methysergide induces selective potentiation in cholinergic contractions of the guinea-pig vas deferens by facilitating acetylcholine release. AB - Methysergide (3 x 10(-6) M) enhanced the contractile responses of the isolated stripped vas deferens of guinea-pig to acetylchline(ACh) and arecoline, but not those to noradrenaline, tyramine and bradykinin. Methysergide (3 x 10(-5) M) suppressed the contraction elicited by noradrenaline or histamine. The methysergide-induced potentiation of the response to ACh was prevented by pre addition of hemicholinium but not by tetrodotoxin or morphine. The augmentation of the response to ACh by physostigmine was unaffected by hemicholinium. The phasic contraction of the tissue elicited by 30 mM KCl was also enhanced by methysergide, and this enhancement was prevented by the pre-addition of atropine (1.4 x 10(-7) M). In the depolarized vas deferens after exposure to 30 mM KCl, methysergide occasionally induced a sustained tonic contraction which was inhibited by atropine. These findings suggest that methysergide facilitates a release of ACh by acting on the cholinergic nerve terminals and selectively potentiates the cholinergic response. PMID- 43367 TI - The effects of bromocriptine on pre-synaptic and post-synaptic alpha adrenoceptors in the mouse vas deferens. AB - Noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) contracted the mouse vas deferens and reduced the responses to low frequency nerve stimulation (0.1 Hz). The relative potencies of antagonists suggested that these effects were due to stimulation of post-synaptic and pre-synaptic alpha-adrenoceptors respectively. Bromocriptine produced a non-competitive antagonism of contractile responses to NA (pD2' = 7.6) and DA (pD2' = 8.0) but had no effect on responses to carbachol. Bromocriptine also reduced single twitch responses of the vas to low frequency field stimulation (0.1 Hz), but did not affect stimulation at higher frequencies (1--20 Hz). Yohimbine selectively and rapidly reversed the inhibiting effects of bromocriptine on single twitches, although they could not easily be reversed by washing. Bromocriptine produced a yohimbine-reversible reduction in the stimulated overflow of tritium from vasa previously loaded with 3H--NA. Thus the mouse vas deferens does not appear to contain specific DA receptors and the results suggest that bromocriptine acts as a pre-synaptic alpha-adrenoceptor agonist and post-synaptic alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist in this tissue. PMID- 43368 TI - The neuromuscular and autonomic blocking activities of pancuronium, Org NC 45, and other pancuronium analogues, in the cat. AB - Twenty-six mono- or bis-quaternary salts of 3,17-dioxy-2 beta, 16 beta dipiperidino-5 alpha-androstanes (including pancuronium) and one 17-desoxy congener were tested for neuromuscular blocking and autonomic blocking activities in the chloralose-anaesthetized cat. The 17 beta-acetoxy series, all the members of which contain an acetylcholine-like fragment in the steroidal D-ring, was most selective for effecting neuromuscular blockade. The salient member of this series is 3 alpha, 17 beta-diacetoxy-2 beta, 16 beta-dipiperidino-5 alpha-androstane 16 beta-N-monomethobromide (Org NC 45) which is highly selective in blocking neuromuscular transmission in that a dose approximately sixty times greater than the neuromuscular blocking dose was required to block responses to vagal stimulation. In contrast, in doses sufficient to produce neuromuscular block, pancuronium simultaneously blocked responses to vagal stimulation. Moreover, pancuronium and Org NC 45 exhibited the same order of neuromuscular blocking activity and therefore the latter potentially represents a useful addition to the armamentarium of neuromuscular blocking agents currently in clinical use. PMID- 43369 TI - Stereoselectivity of some oxotremorine antagonists containing two chiral centres. AB - The stereoisomers of some analogues of oxotremorine containing two chiral centres, one in the 1-position of the butynyl chas are oxotremorine antagonists. They show a marked stereoselectivity, which depends mainly on the configuration of the chiral centre in the butynyl chain and to a lesser extent on the configuration of that in the pyrrolidine ring. PMID- 43370 TI - Effects of phenacetin, paracetamol and caffeine on the erosive activity of acetylsalicylic acid in the rat stomach: dose-response relationships, time course of erosion development and effects on acid secretion. PMID- 43371 TI - Effect of contaminating proteolytic activity upon insulin and insulin-protamine complex. PMID- 43372 TI - The stability of melphalan in the presence of chloride ion. PMID- 43373 TI - 1-(m-Chlorophenyl)piperazine: a metabolite of trazodone isolated from rat urine. PMID- 43374 TI - The potentiating effects of prostaglandins on bradykinin-induced pain and the effects of various analgesic drugs on prostaglandin E1-potentiated pain in rats. PMID- 43375 TI - Effects of trimetaquinol on equine pulmonary vascular and airway smooth muscle. PMID- 43376 TI - Chronic high dose propranolol does not increase dopamine receptor number. PMID- 43377 TI - Tolerance to increases in striatal acetylcholine concentrations after repeated administration of apomorphine dipivaloyl ester. PMID- 43378 TI - The relative vagolytic potencies of six muscle relaxants in the rabbit. PMID- 43379 TI - An improved technique for the partial purification of SRS-A. PMID- 43380 TI - The aggregation of rat neutrophils by arachidonic acid: a possible bioassay for lipoxygenase activity. PMID- 43381 TI - Sustained release of sulphamethizole from agar beads. PMID- 43382 TI - On an in vitro method of simulating drug release from viscous eye drops. PMID- 43383 TI - Apparent dose-dependent absorption of chlorothiazide in dogs. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of oral dose on the absorption of chlorothiazide in the dog. Chlorothiazide was quantitatively excreted in the urine after administration of 50-mg and 250-mg intravenous doses. In contrast, the urinary recovery of chlorothiazide after oral administration showed appreciable interanimal variation and decreased from 70.4% to 26.7% on the average as the oral dose was increased from 125 mg to 750 mg. Oral administration of a single 15-mg dose of propantheline bromide (a potent inhibitor of gastric emptying and intestinal motility) at--1 hr increased the absorption of a 250 mg oral dose of chlorothiazide in three out of four dogs. These results suggest that chlorothiazide absorption is dose dependent and apparently site specific. PMID- 43384 TI - Plasma levels and beta-blocking effect of alpha-hydroxymetoprolol--metabolite of metoprolol--in the dog. AB - The plasma levels and the beta-blocking effect of metoprolol and its active metabolite alpha-hydroxymetoprolol have been studied after i.v. bolus injections of the substances to dogs. For both substances the beta-blockade increased with the dose, and there was a linear relationship between percent reduction in exercise heart rate and the logarithm of plasma concentration. The dose of the metabolite, however, had to be 5 times higher than that of metoprolol to induce the same degree of beta-blockade. Because of differences in the volume of distribution, 2.0 liters/kg for alpha-OH-metoprolol and 3.5 liters/kg for metoprolol, the 5 times higher dose of alpha-OH-metoprolol resulted in 10 times higher plasma levels of the metabolite than of metoprolol. alpha-OH-Metoprolol was more slowly eliminated (t1/2 approximately 7.0 hr, total body clearance approximately 3.5 ml-kg-1-min-1) than metoprolol (t 1/2 approximately 2.0 hr, total body clearance approximately 20.0 ml-kg-1-min-1). Approximately 5% of an i.v. dose of metoprolol was metabolized to alpha-OH-metoprolol. The half-life of the endogenously formed metabolite was the same as after an i.v. dose of the compound. PMID- 43385 TI - Effect of interaction of aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel and magnesium hydroxide gel on acid neutralization. AB - Acid neutralization by mixtures of aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel and magnesium hydroxide gel differs from the sum of the acid neutralization of each gel. Acid neutralization by magnesium hydroxide gel in the mixture is not observed until after a substantial portion of the aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel has reacted with acid, even though magnesium hydroxide gel is the faster reacting of the two gels. It is hypothesized that amorphous aluminum hydroxycarbonate forms a coating on the crystalline magnesium hydroxide particles due to electrostatic attraction. This coating prevents protons from reaching the highly reactive magnesium hydroxide until the coating is dissolved by the acid neutralization of aluminum hydroxycarbonate. PMID- 43386 TI - Cryptolepine hydrochloride effect on Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 43387 TI - Use of an iodide-specific electrode to study lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of l-tyrosine. AB - An in vitro method employing an iodide-specific electrode for monitoring lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination is described. The method utilized lactoperoxidase, potassium iodide, and a glucose--glucose oxidase system for the generation of hydrogen peroxide and l-tyrosine. As iodination of l-tyrosine proceeded, the free iodide concentration in solution decreased and was monitored by an iodide-specific electrode. The iodide electrode was reliable when compared to a 131I-method for measuring free iodide changes in solution. Increasing concentrations of resorcinol, a well-known inhibitor of thyroid peroxidase catalyzed iodination, in the reaction mixture resulted in graded inhibition of the initial rate of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed l-tyrosine iodination. This in vitro system can be used to assess inhibitory activity of various antithyroid substances. PMID- 43388 TI - Colorimetric determination of 1-(4'-nitrophenyl)-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid in the presence of chloramphenicol. AB - A colorimetric method based on the interaction between the chloramphenicol degradation product 1-(4'-nitrophenyl)-2-aminopropane-1,3-diol and the 2,4,6 trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid reagent was developed. Analytical solutions were reacted with the reagent at pH 9.1 for 20 min at room temperature, and the resulting color was measured at 340 nm. A linear relationship between absorbance and concentration occurred within the 5--25-micrograms/ml range under the conditions studied. Replicate analyses were in good agreement. An average recovery of 99.4 +/- 0.4% was obtained for the synthetic mixtures. PMID- 43389 TI - Changes in carbon dioxide and pH in pulmonary post-capillary blood in cats [proceedings]. PMID- 43390 TI - Respiratory oscillations of pulmonary venous and arterial pH in dogs [proceedings]. PMID- 43392 TI - Effect of inhibitors on the relationship betweeen histamine- and insulin stimulated gastric hydrogen ion concentration and flow in the cat [proceedings]. PMID- 43391 TI - Mode of stimulation by injection of cyclic AMP and external acidification of the sodium efflux in barnacle muscle fibres. AB - 1. A study has been made in single barnacle muscle fibres of the effect of micro injected pure protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) on the response of the Na efflux to injection of cyclic AMP and external acidification. 2. (i) Injection into fibres of 1.6 x 10(-4) M-pure PKI is without effect on the resting Na efflux. (ii) Injection of 1.6 x 10(4) M-pure PKI before 0.03 M-cyclic AMP causes a marked reduction in the magnitude of the response of the Na efflux to the nucleotide. The same is true when 10(-4) M-cyclic AMP is injected after PKI. (iii) Injection of partially pure catalytic subunits causes a sustained stimulation of the ouabain-insensitive Na efflux, which is almost completely reversed by injecting PKI. (iv) Injection of 100 mM-EGTA before PKI fails to alter the lowered response of the ouabain-insensitive Na efflux to injection of 10(-4) M-cyclic AMP. (v) Ouabain (10(-4) M) when applied following the injection of 10(-4) M-cyclic AMP causes a drastic fall in the stimulated Na efflux. 3. (i) Injection of 1.6 x 10( 4) M-pure PKI before or after external acidification fails to abolish or reduce the stimulatory response to acidification. (ii) Injection of 1.6 x 10(-4) M-pure PKI before acidification practically abolishes the response of the ouabain insensitive Na efflux to 0.03 M-cyclic AMP in the presence of acidification. (iii) Radioimmunoassay of total cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP content in single fibres before and after acidification shows no appreciable alteration in nucleotide content following acidificiation. (iv) Injection of 100 mM-EGTA before acidification enhances the stimulatory response to acidification. (v) External application of Dantrolene (10(-5) M) fails to alter the size of the stimulatory response to acidification. 4. (i) Prior external application of 5 x 10(-4) M benzolamide results in a marked reduction in the magnitude of the response of the ouabain-insensitive Na efflux to the injection of 3 x 10(-4) M-cyclic AMP. (ii) Benzolamide totally abolishes the response of the ouabain-insensitive Na efflux to the injection of catalytic subunits. 5. The evidence brought forward is compatible with the view that (a) The mechanism by which cyclic AMP stimulates the Na efflux involves activation by cyclic AMP of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase system, and hence release of the catalytic subunit, and (b) the mechanism by which external acidification leads to stimulation of the Na efflux involves activation of a benzolamide-sensitive system, possibly carbonic anhydrase, rather than the adenyl cyclase system. The actions of cyclic AMP and catalytic subunits on the Na efflux are closely linked to activation of the benzolamide sensitive system. PMID- 43393 TI - Effect of carbon dioxide on calcium transient and tension responses from fibres of the barnacle Balanus nubilus [proceedings]. PMID- 43394 TI - Recovery of pHi in snail neurones exposed to high external potassium [proceedings]. PMID- 43395 TI - Program and abstracts. Thirty-second Annual Meeting of the Society of Protozoologists. Oklahoma State University. Stillwater, Oklahoma 12 to 17 August, 1979. PMID- 43397 TI - Detection of an early intermediate in the folding of ribonuclease A by protection of amide protons against exchange. PMID- 43398 TI - Recombination of S-peptide with S-protein during folding of ribonuclease S. I. Folding pathways of the slow-folding and fast-folding classes of unfolded S protein. PMID- 43399 TI - Recombination of S-peptide with S-protein during folding of ribonuclease S. II. Kinetic characterization of a stable folding intermediate shown by S-protein at pH 1.7. PMID- 43400 TI - Formation of 100 A filaments from purified glial fibrillary acidic protein in vitro. PMID- 43401 TI - Behavioral treatment of transsexualism: a case report. AB - Patients who believe themselves to be transsexual seek only confirmation of their diagnosis so that they may proceed with their pre-chosen course of management: hormones and surgery. Their syntonic emotional set generates resistance to any other therapeutic direction. Despite this attitude, it is the therapist's responsibility to assess each case individually and to decide, with the patient, on realistic goals even if they be different from the original one. This case emphasizes this need since a probing history revealed underlying conflict and anxiety related to severe homophobia. With revelation of the homophobia, various behavioral techniques could be used therapeutically. These resulted in acceptance of lesbianism as a life style. Careful assessment of patients with self-diagnoses of transsexualism can sometimes uncover a different etiology to which appropriate therapy can be applied. PMID- 43402 TI - Basic Health Services in Nigeria: models for primary care in America. AB - The basic problems in delivery of health care in the United States and in Nigeria are similar; the major differences are in magnitude. Nigeria's Basic Health Services Scheme, now being implemented, is a bold effort to make quality health care accessible to the entire population. American health planners should look to such developing countries for concepts adaptable to our own health care delivery system. In developing primary care programs in particular, they should consider three basic components of the Nigerian scheme: (1) delegation of appropriate responsibilities to non-physician health providers in order to augment physician manpower in underserved areas; (2) location of training centers in environments similar to those where the trainees will serve; and (3) use of home-based care records to increase patient participation in health care. PMID- 43403 TI - Measurement of the aquatic toxicity of volatile nitrosamines. AB - The acute toxicity of N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) was determined for three groups of aquatic organisms: algae, invertebrates, and fish. Toxicity of DMN and DEN to algae was assessed as a repression in the growth rate of either Selenastrum capricornutum or Anabaena flos-aquae in static bioassay tests. DMN and DEN concentrations of 1-10 ppm depressed algal growth in all cases. Invertebrate toxicity was determined in 96-h static bioassay tests with Dugesia dorotocephala and Gammarus limnaeus. The data indicated that these organisms are not highly susceptible to nitrosamine toxicity. The 96-h LC50s for D. dorotocephala were 1365 and 1490 ppm for DMN and DEN, respectively. Similar studies with G. limnaeus indicated LC50s of 330 and 500 ppm for DMN and DEN, respectively. Fish toxicity was also determined in 96-h statis bioassays with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Acute toxicities were calculated as LC50s of 940 and 775 ppm for DMN and DEN, respectively. Algae were calculated as LC50s of 940 and 775 ppm for DMN and DEN, respectively. Algae were quite sensitive to relative low levels of volatile nitrosamines, but higher organisms (invertebrates and fish) were relatively insensitive. PMID- 43404 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of propanolol, alprenolol, oxprenolol and CS-359 during halothane anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 43405 TI - [Studies on the toxicity of cefadroxil (S-578). II. Subacute toxicity in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 43406 TI - [Local anesthetics, neuromuscular blocking agents and excitation inhibition]. PMID- 43407 TI - [Adrenaline antagonist]. PMID- 43409 TI - [Sessions of the 78th Meeting of the Japanese Dermatological Society. Abstracts]. PMID- 43408 TI - [Autacoid blockaders. 1. Effects of histamine and of blockaders]. PMID- 43410 TI - [Sessions of the 11th Congress of the Japan Gerontology Society and the 21st Congress of the Japan Geriatric Society]. PMID- 43411 TI - [Historical notes on the Japan Association of Industrial Health]. PMID- 43412 TI - [The 54th Annual Meeting Symposium. Epithelioid cell granulomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 43413 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium during epidural lidocaine anesthesia]. PMID- 43414 TI - Haemolysis of various mammalian erythrocytes in sodium chloride, glucose and phosphate-buffer solutions. AB - Mouse, rat, rabbit, hamster, cow, pig, sheep, guinea-pig, dog and human erythrocytes were studied. A 0.9% or stronger solution of sodium chloride completely prevented haemolysis; sheep and pig erythrocytes appeared the more fragile, while human and dog erythrocytes were not haemolized in concentrations of 0.4% or more. Haemolysis of human, rabbit, cow, hamster, guineapig, pig and sheep erythrocytes was not observed in solutions of 0.4% or more of glucose. Except for sheep, human and dog erythrocytes, haemolysis was depressed in rate but not completely prevented by phosphate-buffer solution of pH 7.0. PMID- 43415 TI - The low-birth weight infant: obstetrical perspectives. PMID- 43417 TI - On estimating parameters of the binomial model for transmitter release at synapses. PMID- 43416 TI - Purinergic modulation of transmitter release. PMID- 43419 TI - [Results, problems and ways of future progress in the Hungarian trauma surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Author after having given account of the importance of traumatology is dealing with the present situation of trauma care in Budapest and in the country side. The need of increasing the number of beds for trauma care is pointed out. Establishing regional centers would mean the up to date advancement in the management of injured. Out-patient treatment, instrumentation and postgraduated teaching is dealt with. Finally special profiles of trauma surgery are detailed the furthering of which seems especially important: intensive care, neurotraumatology, hand injuries and burns. As a final question the septic complications are mentioned meaning a problem not only for the traumatologist. PMID- 43418 TI - Quantitative sputum gram stains in chronic bronchial disease. PMID- 43420 TI - [Past and present of the Hungarian traumatology (author's transl)]. AB - Author presents a consise picture about the history of the Hungarian traumatology. Remembering great Hungarian surgeons who recognised the significance of accident surgery and with their works contributed to the progress in traumatology, he delineates the development of the Hungarian trauma management. The second part of this paper is dealing with the present situation of the Hungarian accident surgery and outlines tasks to be realized for further development of the well advancing Hungarian traumatology. PMID- 43421 TI - [Why in the traumatologic research clinical results are not assessed in a satisfactory way? (author's transl)]. AB - Author draws attention to the fact that in scientific works late results are not always taken in account in a satisfactory way. This is caused by the aversion of surgeons from the numbers by their ignoration of statistical laws and by the subjective judgment of some investigators. The importance of clinical investigations are emphasized in proving hypotheses and new methods. By exact evaluation of the result errors can be avoided. PMID- 43422 TI - [Primary treatment of complete fracture dislocation of the spine (author's transl)]. AB - Author demonstrates from the point of view of primary treatment of three most severe cases of complete fracture dislocation of spine since the existence of the National Institute of Traumatology. All of them have been young persons which fact greatly contributed to their survival after polytraumatisation. The alteration of spine consisted in all three cases of complete disruption and slide indicating severe shearing force. In the literature available this type of injury and its treatment is hardly commented upon on reason that those injured used to die almost immediately after the trauma. The paper is dealing with primary treatment referring also to the great work of the Department of Paraplegics in the Central Institute of Rehabilitation where the rehabilitation of those three patients was carried out. One of the patients was over 16 years under the author's care, who treated him for late complications (pathological fractures etc.) as well. PMID- 43423 TI - [Microscopic surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Author having reviewed the past of Hungarian hand surgery is dealing with the development and present state of microscopic surgery. The preconditions from point of view of the National Institute of Traumatology for realizing microscopic surgery in this country are summarized. PMID- 43424 TI - [Comparative analysis of the situation of intensive care (author's transl)]. AB - Intensive care in Hungary in most of the medium size and major hospitals is provided on a proper level thanks for a great effort. The areal distribution of intensive care units is satisfactory. In case that a special intervention cannot be realized in one of the departments lack of instruments or expert personal, usually there is a possibility within 50--70 km distance in another unit to carry out this intervention. As a result of controlled development at the end of the sixth five year plan the units will come up quantitatively as well as qualitatively with all the needs for intensive care. In the present--let us hope transitory--situation the lack of expert personal, out of date hospital constructions and the great variety in types of instruments are meaning serious problems. The difficulties are exaggerrated by the fact that the work on an intensive care unit puts on an increased physical and psychological burden. As a result, in spite of all their interest and beauty the intensive care and its counter pair the anaesthesiology are among the less inviting professions with high incidence of migration and fluctuation of the personal. PMID- 43425 TI - [Treatment of pseudoarthrosis of the scaphoid bone by bone transplantation (modified Matti-Russe operation)]. AB - Author reviews possibilities in the treatment of nonunited scaphoid fractures. Different techniques with cancellous bone grafting are described and his own function-stable grafting osteosynthesis presented. Indications for his operation are well delineated and with regards to good results their accurate application is emphasized. 352 cases were treated using his grafting method in 94 per cent good results was obtained passing by 14 per cent the average results of 80 per cent with other grafting techniques. PMID- 43426 TI - [The development in the treatment of supracondylar femur fractures (author's transl)]. AB - Author compared the material of supracondylar femur fractures of the National Institute of Traumatology during a period of 5 years starting from 1962 until 1966 with that of a period of 6 years starting in 1972 until 1977. From among their 108 cases osteosynthesis was performed in 38 cases. He gives account of methods with wire pinning, medullar splinting, and nailing with Rush's, Jewett's and Kuntscher's technique (transfixation of the knee in the latter) as well as of solutions with angulated nails performed mainly in the second period. For nonunion in this region external fixation was also used. PMID- 43427 TI - [X-ray and differential diagnosis of closed diaphragma ruptures (author's transl)]. AB - In cases of thoraco-abdominal injuries and x-ray signs suspicious for diaphragma rupture, x-ray control should be as long repeated an all possible investigations carried out as the fact of diaphragma rupture is in a reassuring way not proved or ruled out. PMID- 43428 TI - [Management of trauma patients in the County of Veszprem (author's transl)]. AB - Expert management of the increasing number of trauma patients is causing a problem all over the world. In Hungary centrally controlled, organized network of traumatology was set up. Author reviews mile stones in the management of injured in this country. The organization of the National Institute warranted the professional development and made available up to date treatment all over the country. As a basis for the treatment of trauma patients in the County Veszprem back in the year 1964 54 beds had been organized in the county hospital. Because of increased injury rate this number of beds was augmented to 66. Starting from 1972 a department with 66 beds in Ajka was established and since that time the management of injured is carried out in two departments with own territorial backgrounds. For an up to date treatment more surgeons would be needed. The postgraduate teaching of traumatology for surgeons and by this the provision for expert care of trauma patients in the County is due to professor Szanto. PMID- 43429 TI - [Operative treatment of acute acromioclavicular dislocation (author's transl)]. AB - Author describes clinical appearance of the acromioclavicular dislocation. Discussing different surgical techniques, a new combination of surgical procedures is recommended. In case of acute acromioclavicular dislocation beside the osteosynthesis by means of traction wire loop, the reconstruction of the coracoclavicular ligament and the fixation of clavicula with tendon graft should be performed. Good results were obtained with the above method. PMID- 43430 TI - [Analysis of femoral shaft fractures (author's transl)]. AB - Authors after having reviewed the literature analyse 157 healed cases from their own material of 198 femoral shaft fractures. Fractures between the subtrochanteric and supracondylar region has been considered. 2/3 part of the injured have been victims of traffic accidents, 1/6 part suffering severe polytraumatisation. From among the healed patients in 88 per cent an operation was carried out 76.8 per cent of which were medullary nailing following a broadened indication. In their patients treated surgically the fractures healed within 6 months in 75.4 per cent of cases. It is concluded that in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures the usual operative measures yield fast healing with good function. For multiple or comminuted fractures the use of other newer methods seems inevitable. PMID- 43431 TI - [Remarks to the operative treatment of arthritis of the knee (author's transl)]. AB - Author deals with operative treatment in secondary arthritis following severe trauma of the knee. Review of operative techniques and their problemes are given. The results of and total prosthetic replacement are compared with those of arthrodesis. It is concluded that in order to obtain the best result in prevention of secondary arthritis exact reduction and stable fixation of the fracture should be performed. PMID- 43432 TI - [Infected pseudoarthroses of long tubular bones. (Principles of treatment and results in the material of the University Hospital) (author's transl)]. AB - Based on clinical experiences author takes part for principles in the treatment of infected nonunions of long tubular bones. Main characteristics of his treatment are: Baside an approach saving the blood supply of bone, stable osteosynthesis, sequestrotomy and removal of necrotic tissues (focus elimination) filling in with autologous spongy bone chips the residual bone cavities, in acute stadium the application of PMMA balls as preparatory measure for a following cancellous bone, transplantation. Author comments at the same time on drainage, rinsing and sucking. Selective use of antibiotics may complete the therapy. Data of treatment in 42 cases of infected nonunions are given. PMID- 43433 TI - [Bolted medullary nailing (author's transl)]. AB - Authors described the development of bolted medullary nailing and presents indications and technique. Points out the advantages of the procedure, but the difficulties in aiming, a basic part of the technique is also mentioned. With selfconstructed guide and other modifications the applicability of bolted medullary nailing was promoted. His experience of 112 operations is remarkable even in international relations. This material is analysed. PMID- 43434 TI - [Operative elimination of shoulder contracture maintained by subaxillary scarring (author's transl)]. AB - In order to avoid irreversible changes the solving of shoulder contracture caused by subauxillary scarring is an urgent task. His method is the Z-plastic with many variables the choice and application of which are dependent from the extension and site of the subauxillary scar. PMID- 43435 TI - [Development in the treatment of congenital dislocation of hip (author's transl)]. AB - Authors review the development in the treatment of congenital dislocation and dysplasy of hip and demonstrate the results with various methods. Results with treatment according to Lorenz (1040 cases) were unsatisfactory because of frequent occurance (66.3 percent) of osteochondritis. The treatment with Frejka cushion (360 cases) did not improve basically the results. Pavlik's strapping, especially when started under 1 month of age gave excellent results (3156 cases). In operative treated the results of 332 Colonna operations were unsatisfactory because of consecutive deformation of the hip and restriction of movements. Open reduction with varisation derotation osteotomy (474 cases) provided good acetabular development especially in cases where articular cartilage and upper limbus could be saved. Salter's operation is successful when proper indications are considered, but should be performed only after 1--2 years of observation of the acetabular development in non improving cases. The Chiari procedure can improve the weight bearing surfaces in cases of steep acetabular roof flat acetabulum and consecutive subluxation. In 557 cases of varisation derotation osteotomy subcapital coxa valga occured frequently. Basic principle of treatment remains prevention, early recognition and treatment after birth. PMID- 43436 TI - [The treatment of burns--an autonomous discipline (author's transl)]. AB - In Europe Hungary was among the initiators to establish specialised surgical departments for the treatment of burnt patients. This new element in the structure of the hospital resulted in specialisation of surgeons for skin replacement and scar surgery. Thus the surgeon treating burnt patients is becoming the "surgeon of wounds" The treatment of thermal injury needs more detailed knowledge of biochemistry, pathophysiology and internal medicine compared with other field of surgery. The specialised thermist is in many respect similar to the intensivist. PMID- 43437 TI - [Choledochal obstruction due to Fasciola hepatica (author's transl)]. AB - A 45-year-old woman was admitted in July, 1976 with an acute cholecystitis without jaundice. She had suffered from hepatic colic without fever, jaundice, diarrhea or allergic episodes for the past 8 years. The physical examination only revealed an elective pain on the cystic point. Laboratory data were unremarkable, except for a 12 percent eosinophils. The cholecystogram showed a cholelithiasis. The lithiasis was confirmed during the surgical operation and a fasciolasis was diagnosed after one and 10-12 parasites had been found into the cystic and common bile duct, respectively. A cholecistectomy and choledochoduodenostomy were performed. The patient was treated with 60 mg dehydroemetine during 10 days and 500 mg chloroquine during the other next 10 days. Eggs of Fasciola hepatica were found in the stool culture. The follow-up examinations 3 months and a year after surgery were completely normal. The national literature on this topic is reviewed and the clinical manifestations and therapy of this disease are commented on. PMID- 43438 TI - [Study of the acidification capacity of the urine in polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia (author's transl)]. AB - The renal capacity of acidification of urine was studied in 21 patients with hypergammaglobulinemia (polyclonal gammapathies) secondary to several conditions. The reabsorption threshold of bicarbonate was determined by Rodriguez-Soriano's technique; the acid and ammonium production was measured using Wrong and Davies' technique. Values for the bicarbonate threshold ranged from 18.5 to 29 mmol/liter of plasma bicarbonate with a mean value of 25 +/- 2.29; they were not significantly different from the control values. Urinary pH ranged from 4.6 to 5.8; ammonium excretion ranged from 18.4 to 114.5 microEq/min (mean value 63.01 +/- 25.36). Acidity values ranged from 13 to 65.05 microEq/min (mean value 33.61 +/- 19.36). Thhre was no statistical difference between these values and those obtained from the controls. We found no evidence that the acidification function of urine was limited in patients with hypergammaglobulinemia secondary to several conditions as compared with normal subjects. In the two cases in which this function was altered there was no reason why it should be attributed to hypergammaglobulinemia. PMID- 43439 TI - [Bacteria isolated from cerebrospinal fluid specimens in Gothenburg during a 5 year period]. PMID- 43440 TI - [Lung manifestations after salazopyrinine intake]. PMID- 43441 TI - [Bone marrow transplantation in Seattle. Improved treatment in aplastic anemia and acute leukemia]. PMID- 43442 TI - [Round table on the battered child syndrome. French Society of Pediatrics, Northern affiliate (17 March 1979, Lille)]. PMID- 43443 TI - Tissue difference in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase attributed to sialic acid content. PMID- 43444 TI - Prolactin secretion in acute stress is controlled by prolactin releasing factor. PMID- 43445 TI - Oxidation of beta-phenylethylamine by both types of monoamine oxidase: effects of substrate concentration and pH. PMID- 43446 TI - Receptor alterations and drug tolerance. PMID- 43447 TI - Slow reacting substances from ionophore A23187-stimulated basophilic leukemia cells and peritoneal mast cells in the rat. I. Purification and comparison during sequential sephadex LH-20 and thin layer chromatography. PMID- 43448 TI - Acetylcholinesterase and the cholinergic neuron. PMID- 43449 TI - ICI 125,211: a new gastric antisecretory agent acting on histamine H2-receptors. PMID- 43450 TI - Phospholipid metabolism in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: phospholipid hydrolysis in nongrowing cells. AB - Hydrolysis of cell envelope phospholipids was demonstrated in cells of both autolytic and nonautolytic strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that were labeled during growth in the presence of [3H] acetate. The label incorporated into the cellular phospholipids was located exclusively in the fatty acid acyl side chains. Labeled cells were incubated for 2 hr in N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2 ethanesulfonic acid buffer, pH 8.5, containing various additions, and then examined for distribution of 3H in lipids. Ca++ selectively stimulated the deacylation of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), whereas Mn++ stimulated the deacylation of phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine by phospholipase A was accompanied by the accumulation of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) and free fatty acids in the cells. Free fatty acids accumulated to a greater extent than lysophosphatidylethanolamine, suggesting that the latter was further hydrolyzed to glycerophosphorylethanolamine (GPE) and free fatty acids by a lysophospholipase. Methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol, added at concentrations which inhibited growth by 50%, stimulated phospholipase A, but not lysophospholipase activity. Differences in heat inactivation, metal ion requirements, and pH optima suggested that phospholipase A activities with phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylglycerol as substrate and lysophospholipase may be separate enzymes. PMID- 43451 TI - Symposium on Exercise in the Post-Coronary Patient. PMID- 43452 TI - [Important forms of depression. A report of experiences from the practice for the practice. (II)]. PMID- 43453 TI - [IX. European rheumatology congress, Wiesbaden, 2-8 September 1979. The high health and socio-political priority of rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 43454 TI - [Hormones and hypothalamic regulating factors]. PMID- 43455 TI - [Effect of hypercapnia on myocardial potassium balance]. PMID- 43456 TI - Superhelical DNA in Streptococcus sanguis: role in recombination in vivo. AB - Competent Streptococcus sanguis treated with non-lethal doses of coumermycin A1 immediately before or after uptake of radioactive transforming DNA were reduced in their capacity to yield transformants. This treatment did not alter bacterial ability to bind DNA in DNase I-resistant form, nor did it prevent the single stranded donor DNA-recipient protein complexes formed upon uptake at the surface of the bacteria from translocating to chromosomal sites. Inhibition of transformation by heterospecific DNA was greater than that by homospecific DNA. The reduction in transformant yield was not accompanied by any loss of donor counts incorporated into the recipient chromosome, but rather by a loss of genetic activity of incorporated donor material indicating a failure of genetic integration and degradation of donor DNA as a consequence of coumermycin treatment. The inhibitory effect of coumermycin on transformation was associated with in vivo loss of chromosomal DNA superhelicity, The chromosomal DNA remained intact, however, indicative of inhibition of a gyrase-like enzyme responsible for the maintenance of negative supercoiling of the S. sanguis chromosome. Upon treatment with the drug, a coumermycin-resistant mutant strain showed neither loss of chromosomal superhelicity nor any inhibitory effect on genetic integration of donor DNA. The evidence supports the idea that chromosomal superhelicity promotes genetic recombination in vivo. PMID- 43457 TI - NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase is not involved in repression of yeast sporulation by ammonia. AB - In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the presence or absence of NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase does not affect inhibition of sporulation by ammonia, suggesting that the inhibition is not mediated by this enzyme. PMID- 43458 TI - Relationship between the antibacterial activity towards Escherichia coli NCTC 5933 and the physico-chemical properties of some esters of 3,4,5 trihydroxybenzoic acid (Gallic acid). AB - Aqueous solubilities, oleyl alcohol: water and octanol: water partition coefficients, RM values, reduction in surface tension of water, relative antioxidant activities and pKa values, were determined for gallic acid and a series of its alkyl esters. Correlations were sought between these physico chemical measurements and MIC, MBC and killing-rate determinations against Escherichia coli. Variations in antibacterial activity generally correlated well with partition parameters, but these correlations did not accurately predict the cut-off point in antibacterial activity. PMID- 43459 TI - [Effect of the salt content and pH of the dispersion medium on Escherichia coli phage T2 sorption by natural Cherkassy montmorrillonite]. PMID- 43460 TI - [Influenza virus hemagglutinin affinity for bentonite]. PMID- 43461 TI - [Effect of cultivation conditions on growth of Candida lipolytica yeasts and alpha-ketoacid biosynthesis in the presence of thiamine deficiency]. AB - The effect of pH and aeration on the growth of Candida lipolytica and the biosynthesis of alpha-keto acids on acetate and glucose was studied in batch cultures at thiamine deficiency. If the initial thamine concentration was the same, then, irrespective of the carbon source, the yeast biomass in a medium saturated with oxygen by 5--10% was 1.5--2.0 times higher than in a medium with 60--90% [O2]. The rate of alpha-keto acid biosynthesis, on the contrary, decreased in the conditions of low aeration. The biomass increased and the rate of acid production decreased when pH was changed from 6.0 to 8.0 in a medium with acetate. However, at all studied values of pH and [O2] in a medium with either acetate or glucose, the growth at the deceleration phase was of a linear character, and was accompanied with the accumulation of alpha-keto acids in the cultural broth. The rate of acid production was maximal when the specific growth rate decreased to 0.04--0.06 hr-1. The presence of a linear phase in the conditions of thiamine deficiency suggests that here the growth of yeasts is determined by the constant activity of one of the thiamine dependent enzymes per unit volume of the cultural broth. However, the value of this activity seems to change depending on the cultivation conditions which, in turn, causes changes in the rates of biosynthetic processes. PMID- 43462 TI - [Physiologo-biochemical features of the growth and development of Propionibacterium shermanii in egg albumin]. AB - Propionibacterium shermanii was shown to be able of growing in such an unusual substrate as egg albumen. Incubation of the bacterium in egg albumen results in complete utilization of free carbohydrates in this substrate and accumulation in it of such bacterial metabolites as vitamins B2 and B12, free amino acids, bacterial protein, acetic and propionic acids which favour conservation of egg albumen. The bacterium does not possess proteolytic activity and does not utilize albumen; in the conditions of nitrogen deficiency, it can utilize free amino acids in the substrate. The growth of P. shermanii in egg albumen is stimulated by the addition of ammonium sulfate in combination with potassium phosphate or ammonium phosphate to the substrate. These substances change the direction of propionic fermentation toward the accumulation of propionic acid; at the same time, the content of glutamine, asparagine, alanine, methionine, cysteine and other free amino acids increases in the substrate. PMID- 43463 TI - [Fluorescent probe study of staphylococcal cell wall charges]. AB - The effect of pH and MgCl2 concentration on the fluorescence of 1 anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS), an anion probe, was studied in suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus. The maximum of ANS fluorescence shifted towards the short wavelength region of the spectrum and its intensity increased when the cells were incubated in the medium with low pH and high ionic strength. The results are discussed in terms of electrostatic interactions between the anions of the probe and the negative space charge of the cell wall. PMID- 43464 TI - Foundation for Life Sciences. PMID- 43465 TI - The future of bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 43466 TI - The mechanism of partial agonism in the beta-receptor dependent adenylate cyclase of turkey erythrocytes. PMID- 43467 TI - Multiple molecular forms of stereospecific opiate binding. PMID- 43468 TI - Primary cultures of chromaffin cells: molecular mechanisms for the induction of tyrosine hydroxylase mediated by 8-Br-cyclic AMP. PMID- 43469 TI - Molecular aspects of cytochrome c oxidase: structure and dynamics. AB - In the last few years much attention has been dedicated to the elucidation of some of the molecular aspects of cytochrome c oxidase. It has been shown conclusively that the enzyme from several sources (yeast, Neurospora, heart, liver) contains seven different subunits, which are asymmetrically inserted in the membrane. All of these are in contact with the lipid bilayer (except subunits V and VI) and to a greater or lesser extent with the water phase as well (except for subunit I). Subunit II of the enzyme appears to be involved in the formation of the binding site of cytochrome c. The location of the redox groups of the enzyme is still a matter of controversy. Their distance from the cytochrome c heme group is approximately 35 A such that electron tunneling appears to be the only possible mechanism for transporting electrons across such a distance. A proton pump appears to be associated with electron transport and approximately one proton is extruded per electron equivalent reducing oxygen via the enzyme. N,N', dicyclohexylcarbodiimide a well-established inhibitor of H+-translocating ATPases inhibits the proton pump and labels specifically subunit III of the enzyme. PMID- 43470 TI - Control of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by covalent modification. AB - In this review, various experiments which establish the occurrence of covalent modification mechanisms, both in vivo and in vitro, in the control of acetyl-CoA carboxylase have been presented. It is interesting to note that phosphorylation of the carboxylase results in disaggregation of the active species. These studies indicate that aggregation and disaggregation of the enzyme are involved in the control of carboxylase activity. Our covalent modification mechanism and the allosteric control mechanism share a common ground in that both mechanisms affect the equilibrium between protomers and polymers of the enzyme. However, it is clear that the allosteric control mechanism cannot function alone under normal physiological conditions. Covalent modification of the carboxylase is prerequisite for efficient functioning of the allosteric mechanism. There are many aspects of the regulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase which require further clarification. However, it is now established that short-term control of acetyl CoA carboxylase involves the covalent modification mechanism. PMID- 43472 TI - Synthetic antigens--V. Properties of rabbit antibodies against a synthetic antigen: interpolymer of styrene and maleic acid. PMID- 43473 TI - Immunochemistry of serum albumin--VIII. The antigenic reactivity of the third domain of bovine serum albumin resides in the last sub-domain. A dynamic examination of the change of antibody affinity and specificity. PMID- 43471 TI - Growth regulation by nerve growth factor. AB - Although a great deal of descriptive information has been obtained about the actions of nerve growth factor on its target tissues, its structure, its receptors, and even its biosynthesis, there is no clear understanding, as yet, of the intracellular events mediating its transcriptional involvements. Work in this laboratory over the past five years has uncovered a number of nerve growth factor initiated intracellular changes in sympathetic neurons and other nerve growth factor-sensitive systems, and has provided a framework into which they might fit. This article is written in an attempt to collect the data in a single communication and to suggest at least one mechanism by which the nerve growth factor may work. PMID- 43474 TI - Binding of 3H-clonidine to an alpha-adrenoceptor in membranes of guinea-pig ileum. PMID- 43475 TI - Effects of ring substitution on the pre- and postjunctional alpha-adrenergic activity of aryliminoimidazolidines. AB - The pre- and postjunctional alpha-adrenergic agonist potency of a series of aryliminoimidazolidines was determined in the isolated rabbit ear artery. This series included clonidine, an antihypertensive agent thought to act by stimulating brainstem alpha-receptors and known to be a preferentially prejunctional alpha-adrenergic agonist. Although all of the compounds acted preferentially on the prejunctional alpha-adrenoceptor, ring substitution had a dramatic effect on both potency and the degree of selectivity. 2-(3,4 Dihydroxyphenylimino) imidazolidine was both the most potent and most selective prejunctional alpha-agonist in this series. PMID- 43476 TI - Chronic gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) treatment: a potential model of dopamine hypoactivity. PMID- 43477 TI - Increase by alpha-adrenolytic drugs of acetylcholine release evoked by field stimulation of the guinea-pig ileum. AB - The release of acetylcholine evoked by field stimulation of the guinea-pig ileum (3 Hz) is increased by yohimbine and tolazoline but not affected by phentolamine. It is proposed that yohimbine and tolazoline by blocking alpha-adrenoceptors of the cholinergic nerves abolish the inhibition caused by endogenous noradrenaline, and thus facilitate the output of acetylcholine. PMID- 43478 TI - Properties of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat atrium. PMID- 43479 TI - Dissociation constants and lipophilicity of catecholamines and related compounds. PMID- 43480 TI - Specific binding of 3H-adenosine to rat brain membranes. AB - The binding of 3H-adenosine to rat brain membranes was studied by a microcentrifugation technique. Specific binding of 3H-adenosine was rapid, reversible, saturable and dependent on pH and temperature. Scatchard plots of equilibrium binding data were nonlinear suggesting the existence of two different binding sites for adenosine. The dissociation constants (Kd) were 1.7 muM and 13.6 muM and the maximal number of binding sites (Bmax) 31 and 165 pmol adenosine bound per mg of membrane protein. Ten adenosine derivatives were studied for their ability to compete with 3H-adenosine binding. The phosphorylated adenosine compounds 5'-AMP, cyclic AMP and ATP were most potent in displacing 3H-adenosine from its binding sites and the IC50-values ranged from 11--25 muM. N6 Phenylisopropyladenosine produced only partial inhibition (30%) of 3H-adenosine binding and no stereospecific difference between the (-)- and (+)isomer was observed. Several methylxanthines known as adenosine antagonists competed for the 3H-adenosine binding sites parallel with their pharmacological potency. The results offer a first approach for the study of adenosine binding sites in brain membranes. PMID- 43481 TI - Influence of dopamine synthesis on methamphetamine-induced changes in striatal and adrenal tyrosine hydroxylase activity. AB - Methamphetamine in large doses decreases striatal tyrosine hydroxylase activity. This effect is prevented by neuroleptic agents such as chlorpromazine and haloperidol which would suggest that released dopamine may be involved in the response. To test this hypothesis, we have altered dopamine synthesis with alpha methyl-p-tyrosine and L-Dopa and found that dopamine synthesis is necessary for the observed depression of striatal TH activity by methamphetamine. In the adrenal gland, however, the increase in TH activity by methamphetamine is not prevented by inhibition of catecholamine synthesis. It is possible that released dopamine may be inhibiting TH activity by activation of pre- or postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the neostriatum resulting in activation of the neuronal feedback pathway or released dopamine may act on dendrodendritic autoreceptors in the substantia nigra. PMID- 43482 TI - [Effects of depot neuroleptics on pituitary hormone secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 43483 TI - Pharmacological and biochemical aspects of hyperkinetic disorders. PMID- 43484 TI - "Paradoxical" effects of psychomotor stimulant drugs in hyperactive children from the standpoint of behavioural pharmacology. PMID- 43485 TI - Vesicle recycling and transmitter release. PMID- 43486 TI - A proposed conceptual reorganization of the basal ganglia and telencephalon. PMID- 43487 TI - Modulation of the endogenous electrical activity of the bursting neuron in the snail Helix pomantia--III. A factor modulating the endogenous electrical activity of the bursting neuron. PMID- 43488 TI - [Beta-blocking agents alone or combined with diuretics or alpha-adrenolytics in the treatment of essential arterial hypertension]. AB - The Authors examine the antihypertensive effectiveness of the beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents, according to their personal experience and a review of the bibliography. It is not cleared yet how these drugs reach their hypotensive effect. It is reasonable to assume however that several factors are involved: cardiac output, intravascular volume changes, plasma renin activity and peripheral resistance. Thirty patients suffering from essential hypertension not complicated by cardiac or renale failure were treated. Patients were allocated at random into one of three subsets of ten. In group A oxprenolol was given for 8 weeks and the dose was gradually increased up to 300 mgs daily. Oxprenolol was administered in combination with clortalidone in group B and with phentolamine in group C. A clinically satisfactory reduction in blood pressure was attained in no subset, despite the significant decrease of mean blood pressure. The blockade of beta-adrenergic receptors alone has proved to be less effective than the combined administration of oxprenolol and clortalidone or of oxprenolol and phentolamine. No differences were observed between the two combinations. PMID- 43489 TI - The influence of preganglionic nerves on the superior cervical ganglion of the rat. AB - Sympathetic neurones grown in tissue culture with non-neuronal cells become cholinergic. Such a change from an adrenergic to cholinergic character does not occur in vivo and it has been suggested that this may be due to the determination of the adrenergic character by electrical activity. Electrical activity in the superior cervical ganglion by young rats were prevented by transection of the preganglionic nerve trunk. In no case did this operation result in an increase in the intrinsic choline acetyltransferase (CAT) of the ganglion. We conclude that electrical activity is not the factor responsible for the difference between in vivo and in vitro results. PMID- 43490 TI - Neuronal localisation of benzodiazepine receptors in cerebellum. AB - The cellular localisation of benzodiazepine receptors was studied. Kainic acid induced neuronal lesions (2 x 0.25-2 x 2 micrograms; 2-26 days in rat cerebellum decreased specific binding of [3H]flunitrazepam down to 35% of controls. Specific binding of [3H]flunitrazepam was also decreased (to 80% of controls) in the cerebllum of mutant nervous mouse (nr/nr) where Purkinje cells are degenerated but in the mutant weaver mouse where granule cells are degenerated. These results show that benzodiazepine receptors are located mainly on neurons; both on Purkinje cells and other neurons, but not to a great extent on granule cells. PMID- 43491 TI - Benzodiazepine receptors: effect of tissue preincubation at 37 degrees C. AB - [3H]Flunitrazepam binding to rat brain homogenates was assayed in two ways: by 37 0 degrees C incubations or 0 degrees C only incubations. The affinity of brain benzodiazepine receptors for [3H]flunitrazepam was significantly greater in 37-0 degrees C incubated samples than in 0 degrees C incubated samples, while there was no change in the number of benzodiazepine receptors. The possible mechanisms for this enhanced binding affinity as well as the methodological implications for this observation are discussed. PMID- 43492 TI - Anemone toxin discriminates between ionic channels for receptor potential and for action potential production in a sensory neuron. AB - The effect of anemone toxin (ATX II), which slows sodium channel inactivation at electrically excitable membranes, was investigated in the slowly adapting stretch receptor organ of crayfish. The toxin affected the action potentials, but produced no changes in the stretch induced receptor potentials. This finding is further proof for the high selectivity of this toxin molecule for sodium channels which are gated by membrane depolarissations. PMID- 43493 TI - Inhibition of aspartate release from the retina of the anaesthetised rabbit by stimulation with light flashes. AB - Rabbits were anaesthetised and the cornea, iris, lens and vitreous were removed from eyes to form an eye-cup which was filled with Krebs-bicarbonate Ringer. The medium in the eye-cup was replaced at 10-min intervals and the amino acids in each resulting sample were assayed. Exposure of the dark-adapted retina to flashes of light (3 Hz) did not alter the efflux of glutamate glutamine, alanine, glycine or GABA. The efflux of taurine and ACh was greatly increased by light flashes, but in contrast, the release of aspartate was reduced by more than 50%, a result consistent with the suggestion that aspartate may be a photoreceptor transmitter substance. PMID- 43494 TI - Immunoreactive somatostatin release from rat spinal cord in vitro. AB - A calcium-dependent release of immunoreactive somatostatin from rat spinal cord in vitro in response to two depolarising stimuli (60 mM KCl and 75 micrometer veratrine) has been demonstrated. Released somatostatin immunoreactivity comprised 0.53% of total tissue content, showed parallelism when serial dilutions were compared to the immunoassay dose-response curve and eluted similarly to synthetic somatostatin on Sephadex G-25 (f) chromatography. These results provide further evidence for a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role for somatostatin in mammalian spinal cord. PMID- 43495 TI - A statistical model supports the subunit hypothesis of quantal relsease. AB - Successive frequency amplitude histograms of miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) from mouse neuromuscular junctions show peaks at integral multiples of the smallest peak (s-MEPPs). The s-MEPPs are assumed to have normally distributed amplitudes and to represent the subunit size. A model has been derived from assumptions based on the hypothesis of MEPPs are generated by the synchronous release of transmitter subunits. The model was statistically tested on amplitude histograms and in the majority of cases the model produced extremely good fits to observed distributions. PMID- 43496 TI - Mesolimbic dopaminergic neurones and somatodendritic mechanisms. AB - The concept that a neurone may release transmitter from both dendritic and axonal sites was investigated by studying mesolimbic dopaminergic neurones. The rat ventral tegmentum (containing dendrites and somata of mesolimbic dopaminergic neurones) possessed high levels of dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase. Slices of ventral tegmentum accumulated [3H]dopamine (15 or 60 nM) and stimulus-induced release of [3H]dopamine was observed after elevated potassium (44 mM). The potassium-induced release was calcium-dependent. These dopaminergic parameters were compared to those found for nucleus accumbens (containing terminals of mesolimbic dopaminergics neurones). Thioridazine and clozapine elevated 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentration in ventral tegmentum. PMID- 43497 TI - Projections of intestinal neurons showing immunoreactivity for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide are consistent with these neurons being the enteric inhibitory neurons. AB - Experiments were performed to determine if the distribution of vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)-like immunoreactivity in nerve cell bodies and axons of the myenteric plexus and circular muscle of the small intestine is consistent with VIP being the transmitter of enteric inhibitory neurons. Immunoreactivity for VIP was found in nerve cell bodies of the myenteric plexus and in axons within the myenteric plexus and circular muscle. When the axons in the myenteric plexus were interrupted, there was accumulation of material showing reactivity for VIP on the oral side, indicating that the neurons project in an anal direction. The VIP-like immunoreactivity in axons which supply the circular muscle disappeared after a myectomy in which the overlying myenteric plexus was removed, but remained intact when extrinsic nerves were served. The projections of VIP neurons from the myenteric plexus to the circular muscle correspond to the expected projections of enteric inhibitory neurons determined by functional studies. PMID- 43498 TI - Effect of runway training on rat brain tyrosine hydroxylase: differential effect of continuous and partial reinforcement schedules. AB - Previous experiments have implicated ascending noradrenergic systems in the development of the behavioural responses to different patterns of reward. In this report food deprived male Sprague--Dawley rats were trained to run a straight alley for good reward on a continuous reinforcement (CRF) or a partial reinforcement (PRF) schedule. Tyrosine hydroxylase measured in a partially solubilized preparation from hippocampus and hypothalamus at the end of acquisition was not different from controls, indicating that enzyme induction does not occur during either training schedules. However, hippocampal synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylation rates from the CRF group was significantly higher than from either the PRF group or the handled controls. This indicates that at the end of the acquisition schedule the noradrenergic projection to hippocampus was more active in the CRF group than with the PRF group or the handled control. PMID- 43499 TI - Dietary influences on the synthesis of neurotransmitters in the brain. PMID- 43500 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the New Zealand section, Australia and New Zealand Division of the International Association for Dental Research, Dunedin, 7 June 1979. PMID- 43501 TI - The greater New York dental meeting celebrates 50 years of dental achievement. PMID- 43502 TI - [Trauma to teeth and alveolar process]. PMID- 43503 TI - The role of bacterial enzymes in inducing inflammation in the middle ear cavity. AB - Current knowledge of the pathophysiology of bacterial infections is elementary. Thie initial events leading to the invasion of host tissues are a matter of conjecture for many bacterial organisms. This is particularly true for pneumococci, the most frequent causative organisms of acute otitis media. Bacterial enzymes may account for the initial disruption of host tissues, and this study explored their role in the infectious process. As first step, pneumococcal cultures were analyzed, and significant levels of the enzymes lipase and hyaluronidase were demonstrated. Secondly, the presence of these enzymes in middle ear effusions was explored in an animal model of acute otitis media. The enzymes reached peak levels at seven days. The third and most important portion of the study examined the significance of these enzymes in producing inflammation and alterations in the middle ear cavity of normal experimental animals. This portion was a histologic comparison of temporal bone specimens and demonstrated that marked acute and chronic changes can be induced by placing solutions of these enzymes in the middle ear cavity. This study concludes that bacterial enzymes play an important role in the induction of acute otitis media. PMID- 43504 TI - [Occurrence of periarteritis nodosa in a dialysis patient carrying HBs antigen]. PMID- 43505 TI - [Hypotensive drugs]. PMID- 43506 TI - VIIth European Congress of Pathology, 17-21 September 1979, Valencia . Abstracts. PMID- 43507 TI - The neuroendocrine system of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - The use of increasingly refined techniques in endocrinologic research resulted in a challenge to the classical concept of hormones. The regulatory activity of the highly complicated neuroendocrine system is mediated not only by hormones but by neurotransmitters, paracrine substances, and possibly by substances secreted into the gastrointestinal lumen as well. The system is divided into the central and peripheral nervous system and the endocrine system. The latter consists of the endocrine glands and the disseminated endocrine system. Research into the activities of the system will result in important advances in the fields of physiology, pathophysiology and pathology. PMID- 43508 TI - [X-ray diffraction analysis of disintegration of polyglycolic acid suture material both in vivo and in model media]. AB - Examined were the structural variations of polyglycolic acid surgical suture material by X-ray diffraction methods subsequent to sejour in vivo and in several model mediums. After a long stay in vivo, water and buffer at pH 2 the following structural variations in the polymer were observed: diminution of macroperiod, and certain increase of crystallinity. Rather profound, ten times faster destruction of suture material in alkaline medium at pH 12 did not cause the variation of macroperiod and crystallinity. Even in the case of extensive destruction with mass losses approaching 90% and variation of crystalline structure of the polymer was not observed. These data confirm the theory described previously by the authors on the existence of two possible methods of polymer destruction in aggressive mediums passing through total volume and on the plastic surface only. PMID- 43509 TI - Glucagon for beta-blocker poisoning. PMID- 43510 TI - [Glafenin intolerance without any evidence of immunologic mechanism, a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 43511 TI - Beta adrenergic blocking drugs in anesthesia. PMID- 43512 TI - Normal and abnormal red cell membranes: proceedings of the ICN--UCLA Symposium held at Keystone, Colorado, March 1978. PMID- 43513 TI - The management of genetic disorders. Proceedings of the Second International Clinical Genetics Seminar on the Management of Genetic Disorders held in Athens, Greece, June 1979. PMID- 43514 TI - Oral and hypothalamic injections of barbiturates, benzodiazepines and cannabinoids and food intake in rats. PMID- 43515 TI - "Classical" and "atypical" antipsychotic drugs: differential antagonism of amphetamine- and apomorphine-induced alterations of spontaneous neuronal activity in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens. AB - The ability of clozapine and haloperidol to antagonize the depression of firing rate produced by d-amphetamine and apomorphine in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens was tested in immobilized, locally anesthetized rats. In the neostriatum, an intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg/kg d-amphetamine or 1.0 mg/kg apomorphine produced a prolonged inhibition of neuronal activity that was reversed by a subjsequent injection of either 20 mg/kg clozapine or 2.0 mg/kg haloperidol. An analysis of the onset and magnitude of the blockade revealed that clozapine was more effective than haloperidol in reversing the amphetamine response but that both antipsychotic drugs produced a comparable blockade of the apomorphine-induced depression. Similar results were obtained in the nucleus accumbens. The data indicate that although clozapine acts equieffectively in the neostriatum and nucleus accumbens, this atypical antipsychotic drug, aside from blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors, may exert at least some of its effects by preventing dopamine release. PMID- 43516 TI - Effects of olfactory bulbectomy and estrogen on tyrosine hydroxylase and glutamic acid decarboxylase in the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine systems of adult female rats. PMID- 43517 TI - Comparison of the long-term cumulative effects of reserpine and syrosingopine on general activity. AB - Reserpine, but not syrosingopine, produced a cumulative decrease in general motor activity when administered once every 10 days for a total of 8 drug treatments. The maximum depression of activity was evident following the second reserpine administration. Following a 30 day drug-free period animals previously treated with reserpine still exhibited decreased motor activity. The data suggest that chronic reserpine treatment may result in long term, and perhaps permanent behavioral effects. PMID- 43518 TI - Evaluation of cardiovascular and respiratory effects of different concentrations of Ethrane in rabbits. PMID- 43519 TI - The influence of calcium on the antilipolytic action of propranolol, timolol, labetalol, verapamil, procaine, and papaverine in rat adipocytes. PMID- 43520 TI - On the relationship between uptake inhibition and reversal of alpha receptor blockade by propranolol. PMID- 43521 TI - Displacements of Simulium damnosum and strategy of control against onchocerciasis. AB - Regular aerial treatment of 14 000 km of watercourses has achieved and maintained, over an area of 700 000 km2 of West African savannah, a very high degree of control of the larvae of Simulium damnosum sensu stricto and S. sirbanum, the vectors of onchocerciasis in this area. However, particular and relatively restricted parts of this area, mainly in northern Ivory Coast and neighbouring parts of Upper Volta, experience regular and prolonged reinvasions by parous female vectors, which have already taken bloodmeals (and many of them carrying the parasites) and arrive from unknown sources probably hundreds of kilometres away, from directions probably between southwest and north. This reinvasion, now experienced in three successive years, represents the outstanding scientific, epidemiological and logistic problem still facing the WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme. An outline is presented of the multidisciplinary investigations being undertaken to find a solution. PMID- 43522 TI - Strategies, systems, value judgements and dieldrin in control of locust hoppers. AB - The physiology and field biology of locusts have been extensively studied, and ecological control of Red Locusts has been investigated by field experiment. No fruitful or even promising non-insecticidal method of control has emerged. An effective and economical system requires an insecticide that is: (i) effective at very small area dosages, as a stomach poison placed on the natural vegetation can be, if it is also cumulative; (ii) persistent enough in sunshine and rain to retain effectiveness over the locust's non-feeding periods; (iii) capable of being well distributed by well-tried methods; and (iv) not dangerous to users or consumers and posing a minimal overall risk. Only one insecticide, dieldrin, satisfies all these requirements. Dieldrin is not in the small class of insecticides that are dangerous to man by skin absorption (such as parathion, arsenicals, DNC) and, at the area dosages needed for locust control, is not dangerous to stock. The Sayer exhaust sprayer in a Land Rover, with work rates of the order of square kilometres per hour is excellent for many situations; aircraft spraying at he rate of square kilometres per minute is quicker and less subject to difficulties of terrain, but requires trained and appropriately directed aircrew. Apart from checking, aircraft methods require no party on the ground to find, assess and control locust hoppers. Several ideas about dieldrin are found to be based on insufficient evidence and are probably not true: for example that dieldrin in the atmosphere at a few parts in a million million (10(12)) becomes concentrated in a food web and harmful to man, or that dieldrin is carcinogenic in man. It is noteworthy, however, that one species of antelope in South Africa is exceptionally susceptible to dieldrin poisoning, though harm occurs at area dosages considerably greater than are required in the method of aircraft spraying of Courshee & McDonald (1963). To attack tsetse flies, emissions two orders of magnitude greater have been used. Care must be taken with any insecticide, but the risks of using dieldrin as properly used in locust hopper control have been exaggerated by propaganda. If harm is to be expected, then a quantitative comparison of that with the undoubted benefits of locust control is required to enable one to make a value judgement. PMID- 43523 TI - Pesticides for locust control. AB - The factors influencing the choice of insecticides for locust control are effectiveness, safety in use, relative cost, and the formulations available. The relative importance of these factors varies with the scale of control. In small scale control by farmers safety and simplicity are paramount and a BHC dust is commonly used, but in large scale control operations by specialized organizations more toxic formulations ultra-low-volume (u.l.v.) concentrates and methods of application requiring considerable skills can be used. The remarkable effectiveness of dieldrin as a stomach poison appears to be due to its conversion to photodieldrin after application. Cases of poisoning following large scale control operations are rare, and fatalities in man unknown. Alternatives to organochlorine insecticides include fenitrothion, already recommended and used on a large scale against adults. Against nymphs the correct dosage of fenitrothion would cost nearly 11 times as much as that of dieldren. Recent experimental work with new insecticides has included safety tests with domestic animals and measurements of persistence. 1 microgram deposits of cyanofenphos, decamethrin and mecarphon, as well as of dieldrin and photodieldrin, on wheat seedlings left in the open under tropical conditions for two days, killed 80% or more first instar nymphs of the Desert Locust which fed on them. PMID- 43524 TI - Environmental geochemistry and health. PMID- 43525 TI - Geochemical surveys in the United States in relation to health. AB - Geochemical surveys in relation to health may be classified as having one, two or three dimensions. One-dimensional surveys examine relations between concentrations of elements such as Pb in soils and other media and burdens of the same elements in humans, at a given time. The spatial distributions of element concentrations are not investigated. The primary objective of two-dimensional surveys is to map the distributions of element concentrations, commonly according to stratified random sampling designs based on either conceptual landscape units or artificial sampling strata, but systematic sampling intervals have also been used. Political units have defined sample areas that coincide with the units used to accumulate epidemiological data. Element concentrations affected by point sources have also been mapped. Background values, location of natural or technological anomalies and the geographic scale of variation for several elements often are determined. Three-dimensional surveys result when two dimensional surveys are repeated to detect environmental changes. PMID- 43526 TI - Epidemiology for geochemists. AB - Epidemiologists study the distribution and the determinants of disease in human populations. Geochemists may be more concerned to find diseases to fit the observed patterns of geochemistry. This paper is concerned with the application of epidemiological techniques to the interrelations between health, disease and geochemistry, with particular reference to the hazards of man-made chemicals in the environment. Descriptive studies of disease in terms of person, place and time allow for crude comparison with the results of geochemical mapping and for the development of hypotheses. Analytical studies allow for the exploration of these hypotheses but demand careful sampling techniques and vigorous quality control. The epidemiological approach should be directed towards the identification of national/regional problems and of high-risk groups, the definition of priorities and the opportunities for preventative measures. The problems and possibilities for epidemiological research are illustrated from recent and current studies. PMID- 43527 TI - A review of recent activity in the United States. AB - Either an overabundance or a deficiency of trace metals in the food chain can ultimately affect adversely the health of livestock and man. Increasing interest in the United States in the distribution of metals in the environment and in metal pollutants has led to widespread interdisciplinary research sponsored by governmental, private and academic groups concerning the availability of trace elements for absorption by plants and animals, and the effects of trace elements throughout the food chain. The state of the art and the needs for research are reviewed by interdisciplinary committees in the National Academy of Sciences and in many government agencies. Research is encouraged through contracts and grants awarded by federal and state agencies and the National Science Foundation to universities for studies of specific metals, specific diseases and correlations between metals and health in specific geographic areas. Effects on the environment of coal-fired power plants, the mining and processing of metals, asbestos, and phosphate, and the disposal of industrial and nuclear wastes have also received much attention in the past few years. PMID- 43528 TI - Trace elements in soils and crops. AB - To demonstrate the total amounts to be expected in soils, the ranges of contents of some 60 trace elements in ten representative Scottish arable surface soils are compared with ranges in soil-forming rocks and with crustal averages. It is, however, the amounts potentially available to plants rather than the total contents that are biologically significant. In temperate climates, trace element mobilization is greatest when weathering takes place under conditions of impeded pedological drainage, leading to the formation of gleyed soils. Mobilized trace elements occur in arable surface soils largely in adsorbed and chelated forms, which are available to plants to a greater or smaller extent depending on the prevailing soil parameters and on the element in question. Different species take up different amounts of trace elements: the proportions in the various plant parts vary with the element and the stage of growth. Information is required about the mobilization and uptake of many elements about which little is at present known but which may affect the functions of essential elements through inter-element interactions. Systematic soil surveys in which soils are mapped by associations related to parent material, with their series related to genetic soil types, provide a useful countrywide guide to trace element status. PMID- 43529 TI - Geochemistry and health in the United Kingdom. AB - Before the 1960s, comparisons between the distribution of trace elements in the environment and health in the United Kingdom were primarily confined to ad hoc studies in areas associated with particular agricultural disorders or with unusual human mortality or morbidity records. More recently, increasing interest in the importance of trace elements in crop and animal production and in the hazards of environmental pollution have created a need for more systematic geochemical data. Geochemical reconnaissance maps for England, Wales, Northern Ireland and parts of Scotland have demonstrated the extent of many known clinical trace element problems in agriculture and have also been valuable in delineating areas within which subclinical disorders may occur. Their application to studies on the composition of soils, food crops and surface waters in relation to public health has proved encouraging. Current knowledge and present investigations into environmental geochemistry and human health in the U.K. are reviewed, together with future research requirements. PMID- 43530 TI - Geochemistry and ecology. AB - This paper discusses the importance of geochemistry as a determining factor in the evolutionary development of plant assemblages. Three contrasting examples of geochemical systems are described and considered in relation to their effects on plant growth and development. Soils derived from serpentines may contain elevated and sometimes toxic concentrations of Cr and Ni depending on mineral composition and weathering processes. These conditions have so modified plant growth during the past few million years that specialized floras have evolved on particular sites. Extensive areas throughout the world contain high concentrations of Se but these have not always been accompanied by the development of specific floras. Geochemistry can help explain how Se-specific floras have developed in several Western States of America but are absent on Se-rich sites in the Republic of Ireland. Pronounced effects of As toxicity in plants have been recognized in recent years especially from areas polluted by smelter waste and fallout. As tolerant genotypes have developed during the past 100 years and may still be evolving at the present time. PMID- 43531 TI - Geochemistry and pollution. AB - During the past 7 years, the National Science Foundation-Research Applied to National Needs (R.A.N.N.) programme has supported extensive interdisciplinary research concerned with Pb, Cd and other hazardous trace metals. Various aspects of geochemistry and pollution research at the universities of Missouri, Illinois, Colorado State and Purdue are presented and summarized. The transport, pathways and distribution of Pb, Cd and other trace metals are discussed and the utilization of research findings by government and state agencies for the development of standards and by industries for pollution control are presented. PMID- 43532 TI - Geochemical ecology and problems of health. AB - The state of health or disease is determined by the nature of the organism, the properties of the biosphere, the heterogeneity of its natural geochemical composition and changes brought about by technology (technogenic changes). For a systematic study of the conditions of health and endemic diseases we have suggested a system of biogeochemical regionalizing of the biosphere with the aid of biospheric taxa: regions of the biosphere, subregions of the biosphere, biogeochemical provinces. The main criteria of the regionalizing are biogenous cycles of chemical elements (links of the biogeochemical food chain from soil forming rocks to man). An important criterion of the biogeochemical regionalizing is threshold concentrations of chemical elements. The organism regulates its metabolism within the ranges of chemical element concentration between the upper and lower thresholds (necessity range). When chemical elements are present in concentrations above the upper threshold and below the lower threshold, dysfunctions and endemic diseases are observed. Hence, the biogeochemical food chain allows us to establish critical links responsible for the state of health or endemic disease. Principles of optimizing the conditions of the environment and life have been worked out. The creation by us in the U.S.S.R. of biogeochemical maps relating conditions of the environment to biological reactions of organisms has proved a useful method of studying the ecological structure of the biosphere. PMID- 43533 TI - Geochemistry and cardiovascular diseases. AB - Deficiencies or excesses in the content or availability of trace elements in rocks and soils, or in water flowing through them, is hypothesized as a possible cause of certain chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. Geographic distribution of cardiovascular diseases is often associated with geochemical differences. This trend is particularly evident in the United States and in Europe, with higher rates for cardiovascular mortalities being present in areas uunderlain by soils that are poor in most essential trace elements. Confirmation of this trend is found in connection with the degree of mineralization of local water supplies. Areas that are served by soft waters usually show higher rates of cardiovascular mortality and other forms of cardiovascular pathology, compared with the areas that are served by hard waters. Such a negative association between water hardness and cardiovascular pathology is evident in many countries, both industrialized and developing. PMID- 43534 TI - Geochemical and man-made sources of lead and human health. AB - Multiple sources of Pb have been identified for human populations, but there is little agreement as to their relative significance. Marked regional geochemical anomalies in the distribution of Pb have been identified and, in one district, their impact on rural communities has been determined. The absorption of ingested Pb is modified by its chemical and physical form, by interaction with dietary minerals and lipids and by the nutritional status of the individual. Studies on children of various ethnic groups have demonstrated differences in soft tissue Pb burdens which may in part have a nutritional basis. Erythrocyte protoporphyrin determinations suggest that metabolic disturbances attributable to Pb may occur at soft tissue burdens previously regarded as acceptable. The problem of defining an adverse health effect in relation to environmental sources of Pb is discussed. PMID- 43535 TI - Trace metals in waters. AB - The topic of this paper is extremely broad, and to allow more useful discussion, emphasis is placed on trace (less than 1 mg/l) metals in fresh surface waters and in drinking waters. An attempt is made to give a broad overview of current knowledge, problems and research with particular reference to the following: (1) metals of interest, current standards of water quality relevant to health, and concentrations of metals in waters; (2) sources of, and other factors affecting, the concentrations of metals; (3) general problems in the measurement of metal concentrations; (4) important research topics. PMID- 43536 TI - Trace elements in the atmosphere. AB - The distribution and behaviour of particulate trace elements in the atmosphere have been studied by continuous measurements for 5 years at seven non-urban sites in the United Kingdom. Samples have been taken regularly of airborne dust, rainwater and dry deposition: these have been analysed for up to 36 elements. Concentrations of trace elements vary considerably between sites but the relative concentrations are among uniform: this suggests similarity of origin or good atmospheric mixing. By comparing the relative concentrations with those in soil it is possible to differentiate between trace elements that are derived from soil and those that may be attributed to industrial activity. This classification is supported by estimates of the particle sizes in air. The deposition of trace elements can be related to the concentrations presnet in soil and to the annual removal by crops. Retrospective analyses of stored samples from one site describe the history of trace element concentrations in air since 1957. The sea surface is considered as a possible source of atmospheric trace elements. PMID- 43537 TI - Trace elements and health: an overview. AB - Trace element deficiencies, toxicities and imbalances in man are more difficult to relate to geochemical factors than they are in farm animals. The reasons for this are discussed and examples of such differences between man and grazing animals presented. The most convincing evidence of a geochemical causal link with human disease comes from the incidence and distribution of endemic goitre. The influence of technological developments upon this relation is discussed. Other associations between the physical environment, including the air and drinking water, and to health are given and critically examined in relation to the criteria necessary to distinguish between association and causation. The nature and extent of man-made modifications of the natural geochemical environment through technological change are discussed in relation to intakes of Fe, I, Zn, Pb and Se and their relation, in turn, to human health and disease. The currently proposed permissible limits or maximum tolerances of potentially toxic elements are presented, and the importance to these tolerances of the chemical and physical forms of the element and their metabolic interactions with other elements is emphasized. PMID- 43538 TI - Trace elements in animals. AB - Trace element deficiency and toxicity in animals induces a wide variety of clinical effects although few are sufficiently specific to permit diagnosis without supporting investigation of changes in tissue trace element content or of the activity of metabolic processes influenced by trace element supply. Study of such trace element dependent processes has shown that extensive changes often arise before overt signs of disease appear. Some of these subclinical effects have pathological consequences and thus cannot be ignored when seeking correlations between geochemical anomalies and disease incidence. Many past estimates of the quantitative requirements of animals for the essential trace elements are imprecise. Although recent work is providing clearer definition of requirements, many common dietary components have a marked influence upon the efficiency with which such elements can be utilized from the diet. Recent evidence indicates that such antagonists influence both the absorption and the subsequent fate of essential and toxic elements in body tissues and these processes have to be taken into account when investigating the aetiology of disorders believed to be attributable to anomalies in trace element supply. Their existence is not always detectable if attention is confined to the trace element analysis of body tissues or to the nature of clinical lesions. Provided the complexity of soil-plant-animal relations with respect to trace element supply is fully recognized in the interpretation of data, the geochemical approach to the initial recognition of areas associated with a high risk of anomalies in trace element supply to animals and man has considerable potential value. This is already apparent from investigations upon the incidence of trace element problems in animals. As yet, its validity for similar purposes in man is less fully established. PMID- 43539 TI - Trace elements in man. AB - It is likely that most, if not all, of the elements found to be essential in animals will be shown to be so for man, and the clinical picture produced by deficiency of the elements in the human patient will differ little from that seen in the animal, although this has been established for only five elements (I, Fe, Cu, Co and Zn). However, the link between lack of a given element in the soil and a human patient is far less direct and much more complex than that met with in the animal grazing on deficient pastures, except in isolated primitive communitis. Zn is the most protean of the trace elements and has been chosen to illustrate this in human practice. Excesses of essential elements (both trace and major) give rise to toxic effects and the importance of a proper balance especially of the transitional elements in the human diet is discussed with special reference to Cu, Zn and Fe. Certain non-essential trace elements are individual and community hazards: Cd, Pb and Hg are the principal offenders for humans. Mankind is now largely dependent on grassland products, cereals and livestock with increasing dominance of the former in human nutrition. This has reduced the bioavailability of trace elements so that study of trace metals, especially Zn and Cu, in skeletal and dental remains at human burial and occupation sites should prove useful in assessing the consequences of this striking change in dietary habits. PMID- 43540 TI - Regional geochemical mapping. AB - One of the prime requirements for effective study of environmental geochemistry in relation to health is the production of multi-element atlases showing the distribution of the elements on the regional scale. The choice of method for compiling such atlases can vary according to a number of geological, environmental and other factors. The overriding consideration, however, is to assist (in conjunction with other relevant sources of information) in defining, quickly and cheaply, potential problem areas wherein to concentrate more detailed studies to ensure maximum return from the funds and scientific manpower available. Numerous sampling and analytical techniques have been employed. Each technique and approach has its own scope, limitation and problems of interpretation. Whatever method is chosen, the use of computer-based statistical data reduction, analysis and map compilation is mandatory. Although it was apparent more than 20 years ago that geochemical atlases would eventually become a national cartographic requirement, regional geochemical mapping is still in the experimental stage. This trend is now evident in activity in a number of countries. The methods being employed, however, are so diverse that there is an urgent need for international collaboration aimed at securing data that are as mutually compatible as possible, having regard to the conditions, needs and resources of the individual countries involved. PMID- 43541 TI - Regional geochemical mapping and interpretation in Britain. AB - Regional geochemical atlases of Britain and the British North Sea prepared by the Institute of Geological Sciences are discussed with special reference to their environmental significance. Factors affecting the selection of sample types are considered, and sample preparation, analytical procedure and monitoring error discussed. Stream sediment is shown to be the optimum sample type for regional geochemistry in areas of upland Britain underlain by crystalline bedrock, although soils may provide the optimum sample medium in areas of intensive agriculture. Geochemical mapping of the continental shelf is based on superficial seabed material obtained by grab or cone dredge. Examples of geochemical maps of northern Scotland for several elements of environmental significance including Cu, Mo, Pb, and U are considered in relation to geology, topography, vegetation, land use and the chemistry of surface waters. Geochemical maps are shown to provide the best available source of information on chemical variations in bedrock, although there are many difficulties in relating geochemical or biological activity to the total trace element values. In any attempt to correlate trace element levels with disease, careful consideration must be given to factors affecting the availability and flux of the trace elements if meaningful associations are to be obtained. Geochemical maps of the North Sea indicate that the contents of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Hg are uniformly low over most of the offshore area although higher concentrations occur in coastal samples. The highest concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn occur off the Tyne estuary while the highest values for Cd and Hg occur further south. PMID- 43542 TI - International Conference on Chemi- and Bioenergized Processes, held at Guaruja Sao Paulo, Brazil, 8--10 August 1978. PMID- 43543 TI - Reversible and irreversible changes in hydrogen ion titration curves of melanins. AB - Hydrogen ion titration curves obtained on melanins prepared and modified differently show recognizable differences. Melanin prepared with NaOH exhibits irreversible loss of functional groups in the base range once titrated acidic. Melanin prepared with NH4OH shows two main branches selected by incubation at an extreme pH for 24 h. Longer exposure reveals other curves but they disappear once a 24-h schedule of titration is resumed. The existence of two major pH branches appears consistent with the oxidation-reduction properties of melanins. These results demonstrate the ability to obtain a reproducible feature in the hydrogen ion titration curves. Thus it is finally possible to quantitate CO2 adsorbed to melanin in solution at basic pH. PMID- 43544 TI - Verdohemoglobin as a substrate for proteases is applicable to assays over a wide pH range. AB - Verdohemoglobin, a heme-modified derivative readily obtained by ascorbic acid coupled oxidation of oxyhemoglobin, was found to be a suitable substrate for protease with which assay can be carried out at all pH values. The advantage of verdohemoglobin over such popular substrates as alkali-and-urea-denatured hemoglobin and casein was demonstrated by a pH-profile study with Pronase E. PMID- 43545 TI - Cat liver cystathionase. AB - Cat liver cystathionase was about 300-fold purified in comparison with the supernatant of the homogenate, and the characteristics were compared with those of rat. Optimum pHs for several substrates were found to be somewhat lower, and isoelectric point remarkably lower, in cat than in rat. Molecular weight of the cat liver cystathionase was about 158,000. PMID- 43546 TI - Incompatibility among alpha-hemolytic plasmids studied after inactivation of the alpha-hemolysin gene by transposition of Tn802. PMID- 43547 TI - Morphology of pili determined by the N incompatibility group plasmid N3 and interaction with bacteriophages PR4 and IKe. PMID- 43548 TI - d-Amphetamine and punished responding: the role of catecholamines and anorexia. AB - Rats were trained to press a lever for food on a schedule in which components of variable interval reinforcement (V12') alternated with conflict components in which every response resulted in food delivery and footshock. Low doses of d amphetamine selectively suppressed responding in the conflict component in a dose dependent manner, whereas prefeeding suppressed responding in both components. Pretreatment with noradrenergic blocking agents (propranolol, phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine) did not diminish the suppressant effect of d-amphetamine, but this effect was reduced by pretreatment with alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine methylester and dopamine blockers (spiroperidol, haloperidol and clozapine) indicating that d-amphetamine was exerting its selective suppressant effect via the release of dopamine. It is suggested that the effects of low doses d amphetamine on behaviour in conflict situations may provide a useful model for investigating the mode of action of neuroleptic drugs. PMID- 43549 TI - Symposium on drug concentrations in neuropsychiatry. London, July 3--5, 1979. PMID- 43550 TI - Normal prolactin responses in tardive dyskinesia. AB - Tardive dyskinesia has been hypothesized to be caused by a neuroleptic-induced dopamine hypersensitivity in the nigrostriatal system. This study evaluated with dopamine antagonists the possibility that such dopamine hypersensitivity extends to the tuberoinfundibular dopamine (TIDA) system, which regulates, by inhibition, pituitary prolactin secretion. Plasma prolactin concentrations in six patients with tardive dyskinesia were assessed in four conditions: During chronic haloperidol therapy; serially after abrupt haloperidol withdrawal; while unmediated; and in response to an acute dose of 0.5 mg IM haloperidol. In all four conditions, prolactin responses did not differ from those observed in normal subjects and schizophrenic patients without tardive dyskinesia. It is concluded that there is no evidence for post-synaptic dopamine hypersensitivity in the TIDA pituitary pathway in patients with tardive dyskinesia, consistent with other reports assessing hormonal responses to dopamine agonists in such cases. It is further suggested that neuroleptic-induced dopamine hypersensitivity does not occur in the TIDA-pituitary system in humans, since it was not manifest in these tardive dyskinesia patients who would be thought particularly prone to develop it. PMID- 43551 TI - Effects of a histamine synthesis inhibitor and antihistamines on the sexual behavior of female rats. AB - Intraventricular administration of alpha-hydrazinohistidine, a histamine synthesis inhibitor, at different doses and times before testing produced a significant decrease of lordotic responses and sexual receptivity in ovariectomized estrogen plus progesterone-primed female rats. The H1 antihistamines pyrilamine and chlorfeniramine and the H2-antihistamine metiamide, injected in the lateral ventricle, significantly decreased the lordosis quotient but did not modify receptivity; antihistamine-injected rats showed no soliciting behavior. Exploratory activity was decreased by both alpha-hydrazinohistidine and metiamide but not by the H1-antihistamines. It is concluded that treatments which either deplete histamine or block their receptors can alter female copulatory responsiveness. The mechanism of this antihistamine effect appears to be unrelated to that of other side effects, such as motor impairment, sedation, or local anesthesia. PMID- 43552 TI - Single- and multiple-dose kinetics of estazolam, a triazolo benzodiazepine. AB - The pharmacokinetic properties of estazolam, a triazolo benzodiazepine hypnotic agent, were assessed in a series of healthy volunteers following single and multiple doses. After single oral doses of 2--16 mg, peak plasma concentrations were reached within 6 h. Values of elimination half-life ranged from 8.3--31.2 h (mean 17.0 h) and did not vary significantly with dose. During 3 weeks of therapy, steady-state plasma concentrations increased approximately in proportion to increasing doses. and accumulation was essentially complete within 3 days of each dose change. The mean observed accumulation ratio was 1.84, which was slightly larger than the predicted ratio of 1.53. Exposure to multiple-dose estazolam therapy had no significant influence on the kinetics of a single dose of antipyrine, suggesting that estazolam neither stimulates nor inhibits enzyme activity in humans. Thus the accumulation and elimination kinetics of estazolam can be classified as intermediate to those of the short-acting (such as oxazepam) and the long-acting (such as diazepam) benzodiazepine derivatives. PMID- 43553 TI - Self-rated sedation and plasma concentrations of desmethyldiazepam following single doses of clorazepate. AB - Plasma concentrations of desmethyldiazepam (DMDZ) and intensity of self-rated sedation (SRS) were measured at multiple points in time during 6 h after a single 15 mg oral dose of clorazepate dipotassium. Mean plasma DMDZ levels and mean SRS scores both became maximal at 1.0--2.5 h after drug dosage. By 6 h, however, mean SRS had returned to the predrug baseline score while mean DMDZ concentration fell only slighty from the maximum value. Disappearance of SRS despite persistence of high DMDZ levels might be due to adaptation or tolerance. If this is the case, subjective effects of benzodiazepines may depend upon duration of drug exposure as well as dose and concentration. PMID- 43554 TI - Impaired performance and sedation after a single dose of lorazepam. AB - In a double-blind cross-over study using normal student volunteers, the effects of 1 and 2.5 mg lorazepam on self-rated mood and bodily symptoms, as well as performance in a number of tests were assessed. Both doses significantly increased self ratings of physical and mental sedation, the effects being more marked 4 h after drug administration than after 1 h. Lorazepam impaired simple reaction time, verbal learning, number cancellation, symbol copying and performance in the digit-symbol substitution test. The impairments were greater with the 2.5 mg dose and were more marked 4 h after drug administration than after 1 h. PMID- 43555 TI - Antipsychotic drugs in the general hospital: uses and cautions. PMID- 43556 TI - Information transfer in the systems controlling homeostatic balance in the organism. PMID- 43557 TI - Arachidonic acid activation of guinea pig lung guanylate cyclase by two independent mechanisms. AB - The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which arachidonic acid activates guanylate cyclase from guinea pig lung. Guanylate cyclase activities in both homogenate and soluble fractions of lung were examined. Guanylate cyclase activity was determined by measuring formtion of [32-P] cyclic GMP from alpha-[32-P] GTP in the presence of Mn2+, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and a suitable GTP regenerating system. Arachidonic acid, and to a slight extent dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, activated guanylate cyclase in homogenate but not soluble fractions. Similarly, phospholipase A2 activated homogenate but not soluble guanylate cyclase. Methyl arachidonate, linolenic, linoleic and oleic acids did not activate guanylate cyclase in either fraction. High concentrations of indomethacin, meclofenamate and aspirin inhibited activation of homogenate guanylate cyclase by arachidonic acid and phospholipase A2, without altering basal enzyme activity. These data suggested that a product of cyclooxygenase activity, present in the microsomal fraction, may have accounted for the capacity of arachidonic acid to activate homogenate guanylate cyclase. This view was supported by the findings that addition of the microsomal fraction to be soluble fraction enabled arachidonic acid to activate soluble guanylate cyclase, an effect which was reduced with cycloooxygenase inhibitors. Lipoxygenase activated guanylate cyclase in homogenate and soluble fractions. Arachidonic acid potentiated the activation of soluble guanylate cyclase by lipoxygenase, and this effect was inhibited with nordihydroguairetic acid, 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone and hydroquinone, but not with high concentrations of indomethacin, meclofenamate or aspirin. These data suggest that arachidonic acid activates guinea pig lung guanylate cyclase indirectly, via two independent mechanisms, one involving the microsomal fraction and the other involving lipoxygenase. PMID- 43559 TI - [Radiation decomposition of humic substances in landfill disposal leachate. TOC reduction and CO2 formation (author's transl)]. AB - The leachate generated from landfill contains humic substances such as humic acid and fluvic acid. It shows, in general, high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD), and colors in dark brown. When the leachate collected on the No. 15 landfill in Tokyo Bay was irradiated by gamma-rays from a 60Co source in bubbling air, the total organic carbon (TOC) decreased with increasing dose and the brown color was bleached. The effects of pH, flow rate, and dose rate on the decrease of TOC, the variations of UV spectrum, and the formation of carbon dioxide by the irradiation were examined. The decreasing rate of TOC increased with an increase of the flow rate up to approximately 1l/min and showed a maximum value in the region of pH 4 approximately 6. It was also dependent on the dose rate and increased with a decrease of the dose rate. The radiation chemical yield, G(--TOC), reached 162 at low dose rate of 1.3 X10(4) rad/h. This result suggests that a radiation-induced chain reaction occurred. The amount of TOC decreased was almost equal to that of carbon dioxide formed. This result shows that the organic substances were decomposed by irradiation to carbon dioxide as a final product and it was ejected from the solution. PMID- 43558 TI - Prostaglandins have limited actions on abnormalities of beating induced in cultured heart cells. AB - Prostaglandins are antiarrhythmic in a variety of situations including ischaemic arrhythmias, but the mechanisms involved are not known. In view of this, the protective actions of prostaglandins A2, E2, F1 alpha, F2 beta, and I2 against abnormalities of beating induced in cultured heart cells were investigated. Abnormalities of beating were induced in single cells by variety of agents including ouabain Ca++, K+, dinitrophenol (DNP), and toxic material from the jellyfish Cyanea. Abnormalities were assessed in terms of rate, rate range, subjective arrhythmic behaviour and percent cells beating. The prostaglandins (at 10(-7)-10(-5) M) were added with the arrhythmogenic agent to test for their ability to modify agent-induced beating abnormalities and were compared with lidocaine and quinidine. Prostaglandins alone had minimal direct effects on the cells and only minimally reduced responses to arrhythmogenic agents. The most protective prostaglandins, PGE2 and PGF1 alpha, tended to normalise beating behaviour most noticeably in DNP-treated cells, unlike lidocaine and quinidine which were effective against Ca++-induced changes while worsening those of K+. Thus, a general ability to protect disturbed cardiac cells is not seen with high concentrations of prostaglandins. PMID- 43560 TI - Candida lipolytica isolated from Guanabara Bay and its ability to grow in marine and estuarine conditions. AB - Although the petroleum degrading ability of Candida lipolytica is well known, its ability to grow in seawater is questionable. Sixteen strains of C. lipolytica were isolated from marine sites in Rio de Janeiro. Some variations from the standard description were noted including strains intermediate between the varieties lipolytica and deformans. A representative strain which grew well on petroleum was found to grow well in marine and estuary conditions which reinforces its potential as a seed organism for marine oil spills. PMID- 43561 TI - [Adrenergic beta receptor blocking drugs in ophthalmology]. PMID- 43562 TI - [Panarteritis nodosa in rheumatoid arthritis. Report of a case]. PMID- 43563 TI - [Influence of medication on human neutrophil granulocyte functions. II. Motility (mobility of the peripheral cellular area)]. PMID- 43564 TI - [Value of the apex cardiogram in the early diagnosis of hypertensive cardiopathy]. PMID- 43565 TI - [Cardiovascular disorders in apparently healthy subjects with coronary risk factors]. PMID- 43566 TI - [Effect of zyline in atrial fibrillation in humans]. PMID- 43567 TI - [Effect of excitation of femoral artery baroreceptors by arterial pumping on the arterial flow in the legs of patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs]. PMID- 43568 TI - [Changes of the ventricular monophasic action potentials induced with imipramine. The effect of potassium and magnesium aspartate and of sodium bicarbonate]. PMID- 43569 TI - [Studies of the localization, activation and inhibition of histamine H2 receptors]. PMID- 43570 TI - [Gastrin-cimetidine-carbonic anhydrase interrelationship in the process of gastric acid secretion]. PMID- 43571 TI - [Antibiotics and gastric secretion]. PMID- 43572 TI - [Incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen in some extrahepatic diseases]. PMID- 43573 TI - [Levamisole treatment in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 43574 TI - [Pharmacodynamic file of mineral waters. Method of study and presentation of the results obtained, for the purpose of integrating hydromineral treatments in general therapy and recuperation]. PMID- 43575 TI - [Echocardiographic aspects of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta with favorable spontaneous course]. PMID- 43576 TI - [Crohn's disease with unusual extension: stomach, small intestine, colon and rectum]. PMID- 43577 TI - Diclofenac (Voltarol) in the treatment of rheumatic diseases. A conspectus of international experiences: Proceedings of an international symposium, Tangier, March 1978. PMID- 43578 TI - [Hypertrophic sialosis: general review and report on 13 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe 13 cases of hypertrophic sialosis and discuss possible mechanisms which could explain their appearance. In spite of different etiologies there is uniformity in the reactions produced. The authors therefore compared the clinical findings with those reported from animal experiments in which such lesions were artificially produced. Whether the processes of cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy observed are related to an autonomic nervous system disorder, is open to question. PMID- 43579 TI - Removal of endogenous ligands from a high-affinity antiserum for radioimmunoassay. AB - A method for removal of endogenous ligands from high-affinity antisera (stripping) is described. A thyroxine antiserum of very high affinity was used to develop the method. The antiserum was incubated at 50 degrees C in a glutamate buffer at pH 4.4 together with some ethanol and methyl cellulose and a large amount of activated charcoal. After incubation for up to 2 days, the stripped antibodies were separated from the ligand adsorbed to the charcoal by centrifugation. The estimated titre increased several fold by the stripping, although the stripping method caused a loss of about 13% of the total number of binding sites over a period of 2 days. When stripped antiserum was used instead of unstripped antiserum in an assay system, the sensitivity was up to 3 times better, and the concentration, which could be measured with the best relative precision, was 3 times lower. The stripped antiserum showed a poorer specificity than the unstripped antiserum when a short incubation period was used. However, when a long incubation period was used, the specificity was nearly the same. PMID- 43580 TI - Resynthesis of creatine phosphate in human muscle after exercise in relation to intramuscular pH and availability of oxygen. AB - After exhaustive exercise the muscular store of creatine phosphate (CP) is almost completely depleted. The resynthesis of CP during recovery normally occurs rapidly, but is totally inhibited if the local circulation to the muscle is occluded. The limiting factor for CP resynthesis which could be a low intramuscular pH or availability of oxygen has been investigated in the present study. Biopsies from musculis quadriceps femoris of man were analyzed for pH, ATP, ADP, CP, creatine, lactate and pyruvate. It was shown that resynthesis of CP only occurs when the blood supply to the muscle is intact. From this it was concluded that the creatine kinase reaction is at a steady state or at equilibrium during the period of recovery. The influence of oxygen on the resynthesis of CP was investigated by incubating muscle samples taken after a fatiguing isometric contraction in atmospheres of oxygen and nitrogen, respectively. During 15 min incubation in oxygen CP was resynthesized from a starting value of 4% to 68% of the normal value at rest. No resynthesis was observed when parallel muscle samples were incubated for the same time in nitrogen. It is suggested that the initial fast phase of CP resynthesis is limited by the availability of oxygen whereas the subsequent slow phase is limited by the hydrogen ion transport out from the muscle. PMID- 43581 TI - Plasma acetate concentrations during canine haemorrhagic shock. AB - Acetate, pyruvate, lactate and NEFA concentrations, as well as acid-base parameters were followed during bleeding, stable hypotension and re-infusion in five dogs. Mean arterial blood pressures were kept at 30 mmHg during the shock phase. An increase in acetate concentrations (P less than 0.01) was found in arterial as well as in venous plasma samples. The maximal mean acetate concentration was 0.19 mmol/l (during reinfusion) as compared to 0.06 mmol/l prior to bleeding. There was no difference between arterial and inferior caval venous concentrations. A definite correlation (r = 0.81, P less than 0.02) was found between blood pyruvate and plasma acetate concentrations. There was no correlation between plasma glucose or NEFA and acetate concentrations or between blood excess lactate and plasma acetate. The plasma acetate accumulation was negligible compared to the concomitant lactate accumulation (1:60), and did not contribute to the metabolic acidosis of shock. The correlation between acetate and pyruvate concentrations may indicate that pyruvate is the main substrate of acetate production in hypovolemic shock. PMID- 43582 TI - Utilization of exogenous acetate during canine haemorrhagic shock. AB - Plasma acetate and lactate, as well as acid-base-parameters were followed during acetate (dogs I-V) or lactate (dogs VI-X) loading during stable hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure 30 mmHg). Acetate or lactate were infused at a constant rate of 4 mmol/kg/h as 0.5 mol/l solutions (50% as the sodium salt, 50% as the free acid) without simultaneous treatment of the volume deficit. The acetate metabolizing capacity was well preserved even in profound haemorrhagic shock. The actual loads were rapidly removed, while the equivalent lactate loads caused progressive accumulation of the lactate ion. Acetate loading did not aggravate the lactic acidosis, and the acid-base-parameters showed a more favourable development during acetate loading than during lactate loading. Acetate may thus be given during haemorrhagic shock without the same risk of accumulation that is carried by the equivalent amounts of lactate. PMID- 43583 TI - Characterization of somatostatin release from the pancreas: the role of potassium. AB - The effect of potassium on somatostatin secretion from the isolated perfused canine pancreas was studied. Potassium stimulated dose-dependent somatostatin release in a monophasic response pattern. The effect of potassium was abolished in the absence of calcium. Perfusion of 1 micronmol/l atropine and 1 micronmol/l propranolol was without effect on the potassium induced somatostatin release. The results suggest that the stimulatory effect of potassium on somatostatin release is secondary to increases in calcium influx into the D cell. The sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve endings in the pancreas are apparently not involved in the potassium mediated secretory processes. PMID- 43584 TI - Reference values for six enzymes in plasma from newborns and women at delivery. AB - We have determined the distribution in cord blood from healthy newborns of six enzymes: creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. The concentration of enzymes were determined according to the methods recommended by the Scandinavian Committee on Enzymes. The distribution of isoenzymes and of enzymes in blood from women at delivery was investigated also. All distributions were positively skewed. The upper reference limits of cord blood exceeded those found in mother blood by a factor of eight for gamma-glutamyltransferase, and for lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase by a factor of two. PMID- 43585 TI - The therapeutic effect of methyl-salazosulphapyridine versus salazosulphapyridine in active ulcerative colitis. A double-blind controlled trial. AB - In an attempt to improve the ratio between therapeutic effect and side effects of salazosulphapyridine (SASP), methyl-salazosulphapyridine (methyl-SASP) was compared with SASP in a randomized controlled double-blind trial, without cross over, in patients with active ulcerative colitis. The patient group comprised 53 patients. The daily doses were 1 g SASP x 3 and 125 mg methyl-SASP x 3. The methyl-SASP group comprised 26 patients, the SASP group 27 patients. The treatment period was 4 weeks. Applying clinical symptoms (bowel movements, registered by the patients on special charts), clinical condition (assessed by the patient), proctoscopic signs, and registration of side effects, it is concluded that methyl-SASP had an effect on ulcerative colitis indistinguishable from that of SASP. The rate of side effects was significantly less in the methyl SASP group. The blood concentrations of SASP, methyl-SASP, sulphapyridine, and methyl-sulphapyridine were estimated at start during, and at the end of the trial. The methyl-SASP concentration was on an average twice as high as that of SASP, and the methyl-sulphapyridine on an average 1/13 of sulphapyridine, the differences being significant. It is concluded that methyl-SASP presents an improvement in the effect/side effect ratio when dealing with symptomatic ulcerative colitis. The discrepancy between the outcome of the present trial and the lack of effect in a controlled trial on the relapse-preventing effect of methyl-SASP is at present unexplained. A type II error in the present trial (or a type I error in the prophylactic one) is a possibility, or the patient-group selected for the present trial had a spontaneously benign course, cases demanding prednisone or colectomy having been excluded. PMID- 43586 TI - Serum group I pepsinogens during prolonged infusion of pentagastrin and secretin in man. AB - Six 20- to 25-year-old healthy men were studied with an intravenous pentagastrin infusion in a dose of 6 micrograms/kg-h for 4.5 h. Four of these were also studied on separate days with an intravenous secretin infusion in a dose of 2 CU/kg-h for 4.5 h. Gastric juice was collected continuously for one 30-min period before and in 30-min periods throughout the infusion periods, and the gastric H+ and pepsin outputs were determined during the pentagastrin infusion only. Blood was drawn before, every 30 min throughout the infusion, and the next morning for determination of serum group I pepsinogens (PG I), serum gastrin, and plasma secretin. Pentagastrin evoked a sustained rise in gastric H+ and pepsin secretions, a more delayed and sustained increase in serum PG I in the four subjects with a normal pentagastrin-stimulated maximal gastric secretion, and a fall in serum PG I in the remaining two subjects with a low gastric secretion. Secretin also elicited a sustained elevation in serum PG I in all four examined, including one who showed a fall in serum PG I during pentagastrin infusion. It is proposed that pentagastrin may exert its stimulatory effect of pepsinogen synthesis subsequent to degranulation of the chief cells, whereas secretin may stimulate the pepsinogen synthesis more directly. Thus, the fall in serum PG I during pentagastrin infusion in the two subjects with low gastric secretion may possibly be due to a defective cellular storage of PG I in atrophic gastritis. Plasma secretin was not affected by gastric suction or by prolonged infusion of pentagastrin, whereas serum gastrin fell during secretion infusion accompanied by gastric suction. PMID- 43587 TI - Folate deficiency in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. AB - In a consecutive study of 216 outpatients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (CIBD) low serum and erythrocyte folate levels were found in 59% and 26%, respectively. In patients with low folate levels in both serum and erythrocytes, megaloblastic changes in the bone marrow ere found in 67% (29 out of 44). Their folate intakes were borderline. Absorption studies with tritiated folate showed low absorption values on repeated examinations in 23% of the patients with low folate values (9 out of 40), with no relationship to the intake of salazosulphapyridine. In patients with low folate values the reticulocyte count was elevated (related to the dose of salazosulphapyridine), and the 51Cr erythrocyte survival was decreased. It is suggested that folate deficiency in CIBD is of multiple origin: inadequate diet, malabsorption, and chronic drug induced low-grade haemolysis. The clinical consequence of the findings remains to be evaluated. PMID- 43588 TI - Gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure and reflux in controls and patients with abnormal duodenal loop. AB - Twenty-two patients with chronic upper dyspepsia but without ulcer disease were examined for gastro-oesophageal reflux and gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure. Thirteen had an abnormal duodenal loop and nine a normal duodenum. An increased incidence of gastro-oesophageal reflux was found in patients with abnormal duodenal loop, whereas no differences were seen in the gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressure. PMID- 43589 TI - Immunoreactive secretin release in patients after duodenectomy and partial or total pancreatectomy. AB - Seven patients were investigated 8--22 months after duodenectomy and pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis or cancer. Seven other patients, admitted for minor surgery, served as controls. 40 ml 100 mmol/l HCl was infused over 5 min into the jejunum 10 cm beyond the gastrojejunal stoma in the duodenectomized patients and 10 cm beyond the pylorus in the controls. Plasma immunoreactive secretin (IRS) increased from 3.0 +/- 0.8 pmol/l (mean +/- S.E.M.) to 9.8 +/- 0.5 pmol/l (p less than 0.01) in the duodenectomized patients. In the controls the increase was significantly higher than in the patients (p less than 0.01)--from 1.5 +/- 0.3 pmol/l to 19.5 +/- 3.3 pmol/l (p less than 0.01). The study shows that the jejunum is able to release IRS after acid infusion in duodenectomized patients. PMID- 43590 TI - [A case of acute left myocardial insufficiency after tocolysis by means of beta stimulation]. AB - A case is presented to demonstrate that tocolysis by beta adrenergic stimulation can be complicated by metabolic myocardial infarction. The possible role of pathophysiologic and pharmacologic facts is discussed, but additional clinical features involved in this particular case may be partly responsible for the above mentioned complication. Finally, some recommendations are made with a view to assessing risk factors and improving cardioprotective effects. PMID- 43591 TI - [Value of the meiosis test in male infertility]. AB - The histological evaluation of testicular biopsy in the investigation of infertility was supplemented by cytogenetic analysis of spermatogenesis in 72 patients from 1976--1978. The results show meiosis analysis to be a practical aid in the assessment of male infertility. It enables the point of interruption in the meiotic process to be accurately identified. A review of relative populations of meiotic and of interphase nuclei (the meiotic index) permits evaluation of a quantitative disturbance of spermatogenesis, a finding that is of particular value when establishing a patient's prognosis. Moreover, meiotic analysis makes it possible to recognize cytogenetic anomalies which could be responsible for the infertility state and which were chiefly seen in patients whose so-called primary infertility was hitherto classified as being of unknown origin. In two patients we thus identified a small additional chromosome in a fraction of the germinal cells, and also an abnormal pairing of all chromosomes, or the sex chromosomes alone, during the first meiotic division. PMID- 43592 TI - [Annual meeting of the Swiss Society for Internal Medicine together with the Medico-scientific Section of the Swiss Diabetes Society. Lucerne 11-12 May 1979]. PMID- 43593 TI - [The "Swiss Hypertension Treatment Program": a contribution by general practitioners to cardiovascular prevention]. PMID- 43594 TI - [Progress in bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia and aplastic anemia]. AB - Experience with 17 allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) patients with refractory acute leukemia is reported. The authors show that it is extremely difficult to cure patients with end stage disease by this procedure. Based on experience that, if performed early, BMT can bring about over 50% potential cures, it is postulated that marrow grafts should be performed much earlier than is done at present. From the results in 45 patients with severe aplastic anemia it is concluded that the majority do not have a defect at the pluripotent stem cell itself. There is disturbed maturation to functional end cells which can be corrected in most instances by ALG, infusion of allogeneic marrow and low dose androgens. BMT between HLA-identical siblings need not cause major problems, but it involves a considerable risk of fatal complications such as irreversible marrow rejection and GvH. PMID- 43595 TI - [Histopathological and immunohistological studies on the arteritis and glomerulonephritis of SL/Ni mouse--studies on SL/Ni mouse, an animal model of PN : I (author's transl)]. PMID- 43596 TI - [The analysis of angitis and nephritis in SL/Ni mouse as a model of immune complex disease--studies on SL/Ni mouse, an animal model of PN : II (author's transl)]. PMID- 43597 TI - Effects of deferoxamine methanesulfonate on Trichophyton mentagrophytes. AB - Deferoxamine methanesulfonate (Desferal), an iron chelator, inhibited germ tube formation and growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes in a microculture assay. A 50% reduction of germ tube formation required Desferal at 5 mg/ml and a 50% reduction of growth required 1.5 mg/ml. Growth was almost completely inhibited with 50 and 100 mg/ml. Also, Desferal at 100 mg/ml inhibited further elongation when added to short hyphae (II and 21 micrometer), but showed less inhibitory effects when added to long hyphae (64 micrometer). Iron (133 microgram/ml) reversed the inhibition of growth produced by incubating spores with Desferal at 5 mg/ml, providing iron was added before 72 h incubation. Desferal at 100 mg/ml decreased viability of activated spores incubated for 3 days at 30 degrees C, but did not decrease viability of spores incubated for 3 days at 4 degrees C. The growth inhibitory effect of Desferal and transferrin were compared. Transferrin was inhibitory at low molarities (0.001 to 1.0 mM), while Desferal was inhibitory only at higher molarities (greater than 1 mM). Desferal (0.05 mM) also reversed the inhibition expected with 0.05 mM transferrin. These findings indicate that Desferal and transferrin deprive T. mentagrophytes of nutritional iron and thus inhibit growth of the fungus. Low concentrations of Desferal can also promote growth in the presence of transferrin. PMID- 43598 TI - Conference on preventing disease/promoting health--objectives for the nation: sexually transmissible diseases. PMID- 43599 TI - Problems of teaching social medicine, social hygiene and health care organizing. PMID- 43600 TI - Isolation and characterization of CHO cell mutants with altered asparagine synthetase. AB - Two asparagine auxotrophic mutants (N3, N4) were isolated from the Gat- strain of Chinese hamster ovary cells, using a selection procedure modified from that of Goldfarb et al. (1). The defect in these mutants is due to a deficiency in asparagine synthetase activity. N3, in particular, had no measurable enzyme activity. Complementation analysis by PEG-mediated cell fusion showed that the auxotrophic phenotype behaved as a recessive trait; complementation was obtained between N3 or N4 and the pseudoauxotroph, Asn3, which has a temperature-sensitive asparagyl-tRNA synthetase activity. Revertants obtained by plating N3 or N4 in asparagine-free medium had about normal levels of asparagine synthetase activity and were produced with a probability of about 10(-6) per cell per generation. Three particular revertants of N3 and one revertant of N4 were shown to have asparagine synthetase activities that were different in thermolability from that of the wild type. This observation is consistent with the suggestion that N3 and N4 have defective structural genes rather than defective regulatory genes for asparagine synthetase. PMID- 43601 TI - Withdrawal patterns in cross-addicted patients: report of 100 cases. PMID- 43602 TI - Biogenic amines in neuroendocrine systems: multiple sources, messages, targets and controls. AB - Biogenic amines are small chemical mediator molecules synthesized from amino acids by the body. Our research has centered on functions and controls of three categories of biogenic amines in neuroendocrine and neural systems of laboratory species of mammals as models of similar processes in the human body. Experimental analyses have been made of possible contributions of particular of these compounds, or their sources, to regulation of reproductive and 24-hour rhythms, and to responses and adaptations to stress. Results from this and related work, by many other investigators as well, have general implications for biomedical research, including: (A) Biogenic amines have multiple sources, messages, targets and possible controls, depending on species (genetics), developmental stage and age, and in relation to tissue regions and responses during both adaptations and disease states. (B) Functions or actions of biogenic amines in either the nervous or the neuroendocrine system go beyond what can be accommodated by the classical paradigms or terms of neurophysiology. Labeling these compounds in their various tissue sites as "neurotransmitters", or "neuromodulators", or "neurohormones" adds little to our understanding of their actions and roles. (C) Future understanding of how these chemical mediators function and are controlled in health and in disease should be enhanced by investigation of the spectrum of adaptive tissue changes in which these compounds and their control mechanisms participate. This suggested approach contrasts with the usual and classic paradigm in which primary, if not unitary, sources, actions and controls are emphasized to the exclusion and ignoring of others that may have vital significance at particular times or in particular circumstances. PMID- 43603 TI - [Pharmacological and clinical demonstration of a prophylactic antiasthmatic effect illustrated by ketotifen (author's transl)]. PMID- 43604 TI - [Geriatrics--challange and stepchild. 4th Norvegian Congress of Gerontology, Oslo, 30 May 1979]. PMID- 43605 TI - [Hazards of benzodiazepine poisoning]. PMID- 43606 TI - [Acute overdosage with benzodiazepine derivatives (author's transl)]. AB - The study of 210 cases of voluntary intoxications by benzodiazepines alone, out of a total of 2080 intoxicated patients admitted at the Hospital of Tours, shows that when no other drugs is associated the prognosis is good, both for children and for adults. The association with ethanol does not change the prognosis. The clinical symptoms alone cannot prove the nature of the gravity of the intoxications. After having analysed the drugs present in the gastric juice, and after having checked that only benzodiazepines are implied, the patient can usually be taken care of on a non specialized ward. PMID- 43607 TI - 2-Acetylaminofluorene metabolism in rat liver microsomes: formation of 9-hydroxy 2-acetylaminofluorene and effect of hepatic enzyme modifiers. PMID- 43608 TI - Determination of the "no effect levels" of Phenoclor DP6 on five microsomal parameters in rat livers. PMID- 43609 TI - Transmission rates in filarial infections. PMID- 43610 TI - Four common HLA haplotypes and their association with diseases in the Japanese population. PMID- 43611 TI - Immunologic and hematologic concepts in marrow transplantation as they relate to aplastic anemia. PMID- 43612 TI - Current status of bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia. PMID- 43614 TI - Use of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) in bone marrow and organ transplantation. PMID- 43613 TI - Histocompatibility and marrow transplantation. PMID- 43615 TI - Reconstitution of immunologic function in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency following transplantation of marrow from an HLA-A,B,C nonidentical but MLC-compatible paternal donor. PMID- 43617 TI - [Rational use of benzodiazepines]. PMID- 43616 TI - [beta-Adrenoceptor blockers in the treatment of glaucoma]. PMID- 43618 TI - [Adrenergic beta receptor blockaders. Selectivity of beta blockaders and their self-stimulating effects]. PMID- 43619 TI - [Peroral premedication before anesthesia. A comparison between diazepam and dixyrazine]. PMID- 43620 TI - [Use of magurlit for dissolving kidney stones]. PMID- 43621 TI - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of abdominal forms of cryptorchism]. PMID- 43622 TI - [Treatment of cryptorchism in children]. PMID- 43623 TI - Toxicology of paraquat and related bipyridyls: biochemical, clinical and therapeutic aspects. PMID- 43624 TI - The orientation of the chromophore of vertebrate rhodopsin in the "meta" intermediate states and the reversibility of the meta II-meta III transition. PMID- 43625 TI - [Undescended testis in Klinefelter's syndrome]. PMID- 43626 TI - The development of endocrinopathies in the prospective screening of two families with multiple endocrine adenopathy, type I. PMID- 43627 TI - Influence of stroma-free hemoglobin solution on renal function in dogs. AB - In the presented series of experiments, stroma-free hemoglobin solution (SFHS) was used as a perfusate for extracorporeal perfusion of kidneys and for exchange transfusion. It was shown that SFHS was adequatly oxygenated both as perfusate during the extracorporal perfusion and in the lungs after the blood exchange. Furthermore, there was provided evidence that oxygen was being transported and released in the tissues. Histologic examination of the kidneys demonstrated hemoglobin casts in the glomerules. Most of them were seen after extracorporal perfusion of isolated kidneys, less frequently after perfusion in situ and few casts were present after exchange transfusion. The cause of these depositions may be small remnants of stroma in the preparation. Furthermore it is possible, that at the beginning of the extracorporal perfusion of the kidneys the urine pH was below 6 and then a hemoglobin casts formation could occur. There were essential no changes in urine pH in the course of blood exchange. In this group were only few casts present in the kidneys. PMID- 43628 TI - [Ethanol in parenteral feeding and its effect on liver metabolism]. AB - Investigations of the leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) as a dimension for a damage of the liver cells under ethanol infusion did not show any damage of the liver parenchyma with a slow infusion velocity and a limited ethanol quantity (25 g daily). Since especially in the postoperative phase a sufficient caloric nutrition improves the therapeutic results, one could make use of the possibility of ethanol supply. This is mainly recommendable for patients who should demand only a small infusion volume or such a one which should not carry a high quantity of sugar (for instance diabetics). The parenteral ethanol application in the postoperative phase is frequently indicated for the immobilisation of alcoholics. PMID- 43629 TI - [The behavior of sensory and ganglia cells of the vestibular apparatus of the guinea pig in response to inadequate stimulations]. AB - The behaviour of the sensory- and the ganglia cells in response to inadequate stimuli was studied at 12 adult guinea pigs. The sensory cells of the three Cristae ampullares dont respond remarkably to acoustic stimulation. At the range of 1000 Hz a recognizable increase in the size of the sensory cells at the upper ampulle was noticed. Of no account was the rest of the volume variations. At the range of 5000 Hz the sensory cells of the Maculae staticae responded with a considerable increase in the size of their sensory nuclei up to 38%. The cells of the Ganglion vestibulare react upon acoustic stimulation throughout with an increase in their nuclei up to between 16% and 54%. It was noticed that the volume enlargement increases from the lower to the higher frequencys. The cells of the Ganglion geniculi nervi facialis react upon acoustic impulses too with an increase in their nuclear volume. In low tone acoustic range and in high tone acoustic range the growth rates are more than 50% beyond the standard. Thos cells respond to frequency of 1000 Hz remarkably intensive. It was noticed that the maximum volume increase of their nuclei was in the average up to 103%. All the sensory and ganglia cells react upon rinsing the external auditory canal with 12 degrees C water, with a shrinkage of their nuclei. Besides that the sensory cells of the Cristae and the Maculae show a volume decrease between 8% and 19%. The cells of the Ganglion vestibulare et geniculi respond with a considerable volume decrease of their nuclei from 32 to 41% under the average. PMID- 43630 TI - [Thioctic acid in liver diseases]. PMID- 43631 TI - [Conditioned reflex, electrographic and mediator-humoral changes during intermittent hypokinesia of different duration in rats]. AB - Intermittent hypokinetic stress in rats, lasting from 1 to 6 weeks was attended by a complex of shifts of behavioural, conditioned, bio-electrical and mediator humoral parameters. They considered as an evidence of the changes occuring in the tonic level of emotional state. Different phases of emotional state follow one another with the progress of hypokinesia. Acute emotional stress is observed, as well as the development of a compensatory systemic reaction and initial symptoms of the exhaustion of adaptational systems. PMID- 43632 TI - [Metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities in tissues of pigs. 1. Effect of energy/protein ration of the feed on the metabolite concentrations in the liver and adipose tissue of pigs]. PMID- 43633 TI - [Metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities in tissues of pigs. 2. Metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities in the liver, adipose tissue and muscle of two breeds of pigs]. PMID- 43634 TI - [Storage behavior of Collins' solution under various conditions]. AB - It is reported on examinations of the precipitation reactions in the Collins solution. The solution which is produced in three and two compartments, respectively, has been given together and stored under three different conditions. During a period of 48 hours the electrolytes sodium and potassium and the pH-value were controlled. Hereby significant differences of these values are shown in the various kinds of compilation as well as between the three- and the two-compartment solution. No or only slight precipitations in the closed system are observed at 20 and 40 degrees C in contrast to the open system. PMID- 43635 TI - [Soldering joints between precious metal alloys and chromium-cobalt alloys]. PMID- 43636 TI - [Effects of beta-sympathicomimetics on ionogram, transaminases, and ECG in pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Beta-adrenergics have recently come in the focus of clinical, physiological, and pharmacological research. The side-effects of tocolytically active substances are under thorough study at present. The authors checked the laboratory values recorded from 45 patients in pregnancy. Electrocardiographic follow-up checks were also conducted, with the view to establishing the effects of Dilatol and Partusisten on both the electrolyte balance and myocardium.--The results are described and discussed, and conclusions are suggested. PMID- 43637 TI - [Clinical importance of antiprolactinaemic treatment of functional infertility (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper is the effectiveness of antiprolactinaemic treatment of 40 infertile women. All case histories revealed previous unsuccessful attempts to induce ovulation. Antiprolactinaemic treatment was in all cases preced by RIA determination of prolactin and gonadotrophin. Prolactin levels were found to be somewhat increase in 19 cases, while 21 women were normal. The gonadotrophin plasma levels usually were closer to the lower limits of normal values. The presence of hypophyseal adenoma had been ruled out beforehand. Long-time treatment was based on the administration of 5 mg Parlodel/die. The effect was excellent in all cases of hyperprolactinaemia, but response was recorded, as well, from a group of patients with normal prolactin levels. Galactorrhoea ceased to exist in all cases. Clomiphen was applied again to induce ovulation in those patients who had not responded at all or developed only bleeding without ovulation. That treatment proved to be effective in several cases. PMID- 43638 TI - [Fifth international congress of the International Society of Microsurgery, 4-7 October 1978 in Bonn]. PMID- 43639 TI - Hepatotoxicity of chloramphenicol in normal goats by the assay of serum enzyme activity. PMID- 43640 TI - Modification of the binding site for pyridine nucleotides of glutathione reductase by 2,3-butanedione. PMID- 43641 TI - Pap perspectives. The George N. Papanicolaou lecture. PMID- 43642 TI - European Symposium on Psoriasis, Trieste October 20th and 21st 1978. PMID- 43643 TI - Sympathectomy and prostaglandin deficiency do not prevent gastrogenic hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. AB - To examine the mechanism of the recently reported effect of an acidified intragastric test meal on insulin release and glucose homeostasis, a liver extract test meal at either pH 2 or pH 7 was instilled into the stomach of normal dogs and dogs with a chemical sympathectomy or indomethacin-induced prostaglandin deficiency, all of which had a bisected pylorus and gastric fistula. In the normal dogs the instillation of the liver meal at pH 2 elicited a significant rise in plasma glucose, glucagon and insulin levels, while in response to the meal at pH 7 only glucagon rose significantly. This was not altered in chemically sympathectomized dogs, nor during the infusion of indomethacin. In all experiments gastrin or gastric glucagon release in response to the meal at pH 2 was either lower than or similar to the response to the meal at pH 7. These data suggest that the influence of the stomach upon islet cell function and glucose homeostasis does not depend on either adrenergic innervation or the presence of prostaglandings, but rather is mediated by a yet undetermined mechanism. PMID- 43644 TI - The mechanism of the acid activation of rabbit uterine renin. AB - Besides active renin an inactive form of renin could be demonstrated in uterine tissue. On gel filtration it was eluted as a molecule of slightly higher molecular weight than active renin, and it could be irreversibly activated by acidification at 37 degrees C. The activation had a pH optimum between pH 3.8 and pH 5.3. Acid activated uterine renin was found identical to active uterine renin by 1) the formation of angiotensin I with time after addition of rat substrate, 2) the pressor response in the rat, 3) neutralization by antirenin and 4) similar Michaelian constants. Repeated freezing and thawing, acidification at 4 degrees C and dialysis against 4 mol/l NaCl did not give any activation. A lower rate of activation of diluted samples and activation by trypsin at pH 7.4 suggest that proteolytic enzymes are involved in the activation. PMID- 43645 TI - Inactivation of renin in a mixed mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction of post-partum uterus. AB - The marked renin inactivation seen during in vitro incubation of post-partum uterine slices which mimics the in vivo condition, is not accompanied by a similar general proteolysis. The inactivating mechanism is so far non-specific with respect to organ or species as added hog renal renin is inactivated at a similar rate as endogenous renin. Endogenous alkaline phosphatase is not significantly inactivated and added alkaline phosphatase is completely stable. A marked inactivation of endogenous renin also takes place during incubation of a mixed mitochondrial-lysosomal suspension prepared from post-partum uterus. The process is more pronounced at pH 7.4 than at 6.8. Freezing and thawing and addition of Triton X-100 prior to incubation inhibits the inactivation. ATP and alpha-ketoglutarate slightly stimulates the process while CoA and chloroquine have no effect. Both iodoacetate and phenylmethylsulphonylfluoride inhibit the inactivation, suggesting that more than one enzyme is involved in the inactivation. PMID- 43647 TI - [14th Argentinian Congress of Gastroenterology, 7-11 October 1979, Buenos Aires. Abstracts of presentations]. PMID- 43646 TI - Induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in galactosamine hepatitis. AB - We have induced acute hepatitis in rats with the amino sugar Galactosamine by i.p. injection. The development of the disease was controlled by measurements of several metabolites and enzymes in serum, and light and electronic microscopy. Tyrosine transaminase was induced by i.p. injection of Cortisol, that increases ten times enzyme activity in liver parenchyma of normal rats. This inductive phenomenon cannot be observed in animals with galactosamine hepatitis. We discuss the probable mechanism and their relationship with some forms of viral hepatitis in human beings. PMID- 43648 TI - Serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase and glutamic dehydrogenase levels in favism. AB - Serum GOT, GPT, gamma-GT and GLDH were determined in 15 G-6-PD-deficient subjects during a hemolytic crisis and hemoglobinuria due to ingestion of fresh fava beans. The same G-6-PD-deficient subjects were studied again 2 months after the crisis, when they were asymptomatic. 15 normal healthy children served as controls. A statistically significant increase, above normal, in serum GOT, GLDH and gamma-GT was observed in the favic subjects during the crisis. All the values reverted to normal in the asymptomatic period. PMID- 43649 TI - Abstract of papers. Presented at the 39th Congress of the Nordisk Kirurgisk Forening. Turku, Finland 7-9 June, 1979. PMID- 43650 TI - Effects of thoracic epidural block and the beta-1-adrenoreceptor agonist prenalterol on the cardiovascular response to infrarenal aortic cross-clamping in man. AB - Sixteen patients scheduled for abdominal aortic resection and grafting were randomly assigned to two groups to study the cardiovascular effects of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping. The patients in the first group had received a thoracic epidural block followed by intravenous administration of the selective beta-1 adrenoreceptor agonist prenalterol prior to induction of general anaesthesia. The patients in the second group served as controls and received no specific treatment prior to general anaesthesia. In both groups, aortic cross-clamping was followed by an equal rise in pulmonary artery diastolic pressure and mean systemic arterial pressure. There was a significant difference in systemic vascular resistance, as the control group had a 46% increase 30 s after cross clamping, while the pretreated patients had only a 7% increase at the same time. Moreover, the patients given the thoracic epidural block followed by prenalterol increased their stroke volume and cardiac indices, as compared to the patients in the control group who showed a significant decrease in these parameters. Possible mechanisms for the mode of action of the combined thoracic epidural block and beta-1-adrenoreceptor agonist pretreatment are discussed. PMID- 43651 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure during mechanical and spontaneous ventilation. Effects on central haemodynamics and oxygen transport. AB - The effect of continuous positive airway pressure during continuous mechanical (CMV + PEEP) and spontaneous (CPAP) ventilation on central haemodynamics and systemic oxygen transport was studied in 10 male patients who had undergone aortocoronary bypass graft operation 18 h earlier. With the change from CMV + PEEP 5 cmH2O to CPAP 5 cmH2O, cardiac index was found to increase from 2.58 +/- 0.44 (s.e. mean) to 2.88 +/- 0.19 l/min/m2 (P less than 0.005), and systemic oxygen transport improved from 8.5 +/- 0.6 to 9.5 +/- 1.0 ml/min/kg (P less than 0.05). Arterial oxygen tension and content did not change, but mixed venous blood oxygen tension increased from 3.5 +/- 0.2 to 4.2 +/- 0.2 kPa (P less than 0.005), reflecting the increase in cardiac output. Arteriovenous oxygen content difference decreased from 4.6 +/- 0.5 (CMV + PEEP) to 3.6 +/- 0.2 (CPAP) ml/100 ml (P less than 0.05), while total oxygen consumption remained unchanged. Mean systemic arterial pressure was found to increase from 10.8 +/- 0.4 to 11.6 +/- 0.4 kPa (P less than 0.05) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure changed from 2.2 +/- 0.1 to 2.4 +/- 0.1 kPa (P less than 0.05). Right atrial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures did not change. Our observations suggest that, in terms of central haemodynamics and tissue oxygen supply, CPAP offers a noteworthy alternative weaning method and an alternative to CMV + PEEP in cases where therapy is prolonged and the patient is able to breathe spontaneously. PMID- 43652 TI - Cardiovascular effects of neurolept anaesthesia in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - An anaesthetic technique comprising a combination of phenoperidine (0.1 mg . kg 1), diazepam (0.06 mg . kg-1) and pancuronium bromide (0.1 mg . kg-1) with controlled ventilation was evaluated in 12 patients with severe coronary artery disease. The heart rate, cardiac output and mean arterial blood pressure did not change significantly between the preinduction and postinduction measurements. The right atrial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased significantly by 33% and 36%, respectively, probably due to the influence of positive-pressure ventilation. There was no depression of the left ventricular performance. PMID- 43653 TI - Experimental and clinical experience with enflurane. Papers presented at the 5th European Congress of Anaesthesiology in Paris, September 1978. PMID- 43654 TI - Fluoride kinetics and renal function during enflurane anaesthesia. AB - Renal function, fluoride formation and excretion were studied during and after enflurane anaesthesia in seven patients. During anaesthesia, urine flow rate, inulin clearance, PAH clearance and fractional sodium excretion were 13, 78, 65 and 49% of control values, respectively. Renal function was promptly restored postoperatively. Enflurane was metabolized to inorganic fluoride with a mean maximal serum level of 17.4 +/- 3.3 microM. Fractional fluoride excretion decreased during anaesthesia to 35% of the control value. Postoperatively, there was a highly significant correlation between the increase in fractional fluoride excretion and the rise in urinary pH during two consecutive 3-hour periods. It is suggested that tubular reabsorption of fluoride is inversely related to tubular fluid pH and that fluoride is reabsorbed by non-ionic diffusion. PMID- 43655 TI - Influence of enflurane on cerebral blood flow in man. AB - Cerebral blood flow was measured by means of a 10-channel cerebrograph in anesthetised patients before and during 2% enflurane. This investigation was carried out after carotid angiography; 2-3 mCi Xe133 was injected into the internal carotid artery. The clearance curves of Xe133 were captured by 10 scintillation counters. In addition to regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), arterial blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and arterial blood gases were measured in seven adult patients. During 2% enflurane, a small, and in two regions a significant decrease in rCBF was observed. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate decreased significantly, but cardiac output did not. The decrease in PaCO2 was not significant. PMID- 43656 TI - [Argentina Association of Neurosurgery. 21st annual national congress; Santa Fe, 16-19 June 1979. Abstracts]. PMID- 43657 TI - Circulatory and metabolic effects of acute beta 1-blockade in severe pre eclampsia. AB - Five mg of a beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist (atenolol) was given i.v. to 5 women with severe pre-eclampsia in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. There was a significant decrease of both mean systolic blood pressure, from 171 to 155 mm Hg, and mean diastolic blood pressure, from 116 to 107 mm Hg. The mean maternal heart rate decreased significantly from 90 to 74 and mean fetal heart rate significantly from 145 to 138 beats per min. There were no significant changes in the plasma levels of cyclic AMP, insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, 3-hydroxy butyrate or glycerol. PMID- 43658 TI - Proceedings of the Norwegian Orthopaedic Association. Oslo, September 23rd, 1978. PMID- 43659 TI - Observations on long bone medullary pressures in relation to arterial PO2, PCO2 and pH in the anaesthetized dog. AB - To investigate the influence of variations in arterial oxygen tensions (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide tensions (PaCO2), and arterial pH on long bone medullary pressures, seven anaesthetized dogs were investigated. Comparing the control medullary pressures, i.e. the mean medullary pressures obtained at the normal range of PaO2 (75--110 mmHg) with the mean medullary pressures corresponding to the range of PaO2 of less than 75 mmHg, statistically significant (P less than 0.05) decreases were seen in both epiphyseal, metaphyseal and diaphyseal medullary pressures, from 27.6 +/- 5.0 to 15.5 +/- 3.6 mmHg, from 23.5 +/- 2.9 to 13.9 +/- 2.3 mmHg and from 27.7 +/- 3.9 to 18.3 +/- 2.5 mmHg (all mean values +/- s.e. mean), respectively. Hyperoxia, hypocapnia, hypercapnia or metabolic acidosis had no effect on medullary pressures in any of the regions studied. PMID- 43660 TI - [Activity of various blood serum enzymes of rats during administration of Pb, Cu, and Zn salts and D-penicillamine therapy]. PMID- 43661 TI - [Treatment of a case of chronic obsessive troubles through combined behavioral therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Behavior therapy of a young man, suffering from grave obsessive and compulsive troubles is the first example of combined therapy, with individual therapy, family therapy as group therapy. Two steps are find in the cure. There are benefits--trust and hope--due to psychiatric hospitalization and generous and constant affection of the sponse. The sponse was the key of reciprocal inhibition necessary to the control of anxieties due to the treatment. The aim reached was the control of obsessions and compulsions lasting for more than sixteen years. PMID- 43662 TI - The effect of sulfasalazine and its active components on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in relation to ulcerative colitis. AB - Sulfasalazine and its active components, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and sulfapyridine (SP), are potent modulators of inflammatory reactions but with somewhat different modes of action. Investigating the effect of these compounds on normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro, we show inhibition of different stages in the phagocytic process, such as migration (sulfasalazine and SP), superoxide production (sulfasalazine and SP), myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination and cytotoxicity (5-ASA and SP). It is thus suggested that sulfasalazine is not just a vehicle for delivering its active components in the colon, but that its therapeutic effect is ulcerative colitis and other inflammatory reactions is a result of the concurrent action of the three compounds. PMID- 43663 TI - Proceedings of the 111the meeting of the Netherlands' Association of Anatomists, held at the Department of Anatomy at the University of Diepenbeek, Belgium, September 30 and October 1, 1977. PMID- 43664 TI - Proceedings of the 112th meeting of the Netherlands' Association of Anatomists, held at the Department of Anatomy and Embryology of the University of Amsterdam, February 4, 1978. PMID- 43665 TI - The current state of the art in the analysis of catecholamines. PMID- 43666 TI - Early events during bacterial endospore formation. PMID- 43667 TI - Physiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 43668 TI - [Role of metabolic factors in the regulation of retinal blood minute volume]. PMID- 43669 TI - Hepatotoxicity of salicylazosulfapyridine: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A case report of a patient with biopsy-proven hepatitis which occurred while that patient was receiving Azulfidine which recurred after a rechallenge is presented. Toxic hepatitis, an apparent drug hypersensitivity reaction can result from Azulfidine therapy and must be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatic abnormalities in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who are taking this drug. The literature concerning toxic reactions to the drug is reviewed. PMID- 43670 TI - Abnormal erythrocyte metabolism in hepatic disease: effect of NADP repletion. AB - Erythrocytes from ten patients with severe liver disease displayed low methylene blue-stimulated hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt activity and glucose recycling despite elevated total glucose consumption when compared to controls. Heinz body formation was increased and reduced glutathione concentration significantly decreased. After hemolysis, no differences in methylene-blue estimulated HMP shunt activity or glucose recycling could be demonstrated between patients and controls. The addition of 2- and 4-mM NADP to the hemolysates produced significantly greater HMP shunt activity and glucose recycling in the patients' hemolysates. The addition of NADPH to the incubation mixture produced no significant stimulation of either HMP shunt activity or glucose recycling, unless methylene blue was also added. Omission of NAD or phosphate from the incubation mixture produced no change in shunt metabolism. The absence of supplemental ATP resulted in extremely low shunt metabolism and refractoriness to NADP stimulation in both patients and controls. In the absence of additional magnesium, a reduction of shunt metabolism was noted. These data suggest that the defect in stimulated shunt metabolism in the intact erythrocytes of patients with hepatic disease does not result from an absolute enzyme deficiency, but rather from an unavailability of NADP or other cofactor. PMID- 43671 TI - [Psychological theories in the context of an interdisciplinary gerontology (author's transl)]. AB - The integration of the different disciplines of gerontology can be promoted by pointing to the analogies in biological, medical, psychological, and sociological constructs and theories of aging. Max Burger's construct of "biomorphosis", the functional age approach in physiology, and the principle of homeostasis can contribute to the formulation of hypotheses and theories in the behavioral and social sciences, too. A common frame of reference for this integrated interdisciplinary gerontology is a differential approach which tries to define different patterns of aging, their biological, clinical, social, and psychological conditions, the control and prediction of the aging process within the frame-work of these patterns and the prevention of adverse patterns. An important contribution of behavioral sciences to this differential gerontological is defined by cognitive theories of behavior which point to the decisive role of the perceived (vs. the "objective") situation in selection of responses of the aged. PMID- 43672 TI - [Possibilities and problems in the rehabilitation of aged patients with mental illness (author's transl)]. AB - In the Federal Republic of Germany as in other Western Countries institutions suitable for the rehabilitation of aged patients with mental illness are lacking. As long as "psychiatry of the higher age" is synonymous to "psychiatry of demented patients" the term "rehabilitation" means only a slogan, not a maxime. Jurisdiction in the Supreme Court though, has shown the way of going on. It will depend also on the attitude of the doctors in charge of the patients to fulfill the expectations posed in that jurisdiction and to reach so the far set marks in the interest of the patients. Big institutional deficits have to be ameliorated as far as possible; of prime importance here is the necessity to place the opportunities for the employment of qualified employees. Rehabilitation instead of custodial care here is synonymous for efficiency and humanity. The change from an obsolete and nonorganized "system" of care to a modern network of rehabilitation should be obtained by voluntary cooperation and by voluntary coordination of medical and social institutions. So an integration of all possibilities of help to a network could be reached. PMID- 43673 TI - [Medical data from a gerontological field-study and its value with regard to the conception of a psychogeriatric service (author's transl)]. AB - 1114 people were investigated by a sociological interview. A representative subgroup got a medical check-up mostly by psychiatrists, a few of them by the family doctors. It revealed a refusal-group of 28% out of 625 persons. Our medical data did not confirm the rate of morbidity from 10 to 20% of the elderly. Whereas the sociological date of the refusal-group maybe identify the expected crisis-population so that we did not gain enough information for planning a psychogeriatric service by this field-study. PMID- 43674 TI - Variables related to affective mental disorders in the elderly. Social life, somatic and mental health at the age of 70 and 75. AB - It is reported about a population study of 70-year-old people in Gothenburg with the special concept of suffering from loneliness. The aim was to study factors that might cause or be the consequences of loneliness. In this study 12% of males and 25% of females suffered from loneliness. The lonely women felt sick more often and visited physicians more frequently than the other women, whereas diseases such as coronary insufficiency had no obvious relationship to feeling of loneliness. Together with other symptoms is the feeling of loneliness one symptom in a syndrom of depression of mood and low life satisfaction. PMID- 43675 TI - [Psychological problems of incurable patients in old age (author's transl)]. AB - Biological functions are regulated by feedback mechanisms. In old age disorders occur in this regulation by insufficiency of biochemical transmitters. The synthesizing enzymes of Tyrosine Hydroxylase, Tryptophan Hydroxylase, Dopa Decarboxylase and 5-Hydroxytryptophan Decarboxylase are diminished in old age. Minus symptoms as depression, or exhaustion and disorders of circulation occur. A substitution by biogenic transmitters is not possible, because these don't pass the blood-brain-barriere. Therefore a medication of psychopharmacological drugs is necessary. For instance Anxiety--tranquilizer, exhaustion--anti depressive drugs. PMID- 43676 TI - [The chemical contraction of tail-tendon fibers of the rat as an age-parameter: mathematical analysis of the contraction-relaxation curves (author's transl)]. PMID- 43677 TI - Alterations of two parameters of cellular immunity in the aged men. AB - There were two parameters of cellular immunity in 46 old and 34 adult (control) individuals investigated. These reactions were delayed type hypersensitivity of the skin and the in vitro leukocyte migration inhibition test. PPD was used as antigen for both reactions. According to our investigations there was no correlation between them neither in the aged nor in the control group. But the statistical analysis of data revealed a significant difference between skin responses of aged and control groups. In spite of this we consider cellular immunity unaltered in old men, because there was no difference in migration inhibition between aged and adult men and according to our earlier experiments in guinea pigs this test is much more reliable than skin response. PMID- 43678 TI - [Placental insufficiency]. PMID- 43679 TI - Fourth National Conference on graduate education in psychiatric and mental health nursing, April 2, 3, 4, 1979, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PMID- 43680 TI - Description of Delbecq method and summary of recommendations from group discussions. PMID- 43681 TI - Conference summary. PMID- 43682 TI - Premedication for elective Caesarean section. AB - Four coded, but otherwise unidentified, premedicants were prescribed in randomised order for 219 patients who were to undergo elective Caesarean section. Seventy-six (35%) of these patients affirmed at the pre-operative visit that they were not anxious. Diazepam 5 mg and lorazepam 1 mg appeared to be superior to the placebo and to 10-6 ml of 90% alcohol in inducing calmness and/or drowsiness, although the differences were not statistically significant. The incidence of awareness or unpleasant dreams was considerably higher in the placebo and alcohol series (6.2% and 7.5%) than in the diazepam and lorazepam series (nil and 2.1%). There was no remarkable difference in the condition of the immediate newly-born related to the premedicant received by the mother, any small differences being much less impressive than that related to the duration of the U-D interval. No notable differences were observed in the long term conditions between the infants in the placebo, alcohol and diazepam series but the incidence of "reluctance to feed". If relief from preoperative anxiety-and possibly a reduction in the likelihood of awareness-without undue effect upon the infant is considered desirable, diazepam 5 mg is the preferred choice from the four drugs investigated. PMID- 43683 TI - Practical aspects of reversed-phase liquid chromatography applied to biochemical and biomedical research. PMID- 43684 TI - A spin-label assay for metal ion chelation and complex formation. PMID- 43685 TI - Fractionation of dG homooligonucleotides using RPC-5 column chromatography at high pH. PMID- 43686 TI - Quantitative extraction and estimation of intracellular nicotinamide nucleotides of Escherichia coli. PMID- 43687 TI - [Monitoring in Anesthesia and Intensive Care. 3d Interregional Meeting of the Northern Anesthesiology Society, Roissy (France), 13-14 October 1978. Proceedings]. PMID- 43688 TI - [Compared survival of "Escherichia coli" and "Salmonella typhi-murium" in cold water (author's transl)]. AB - The survival rates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi-murium in water are studied at 4, 10 and 20 degrees C and pH 6 and 8, either separately or in mixed culture at four different ratios. S. typhi-murium's survival rate is enhanced at pH 6 and low water temperature. The value of traditional microbiological indicators in assessed in cold water conditions. PMID- 43689 TI - Pathogenic free-living amoebae in swimming pools: survey in Belgium. AB - During a short term investigation, 1 outdoor and 15 indoor swimming pools were examined for the presence of amoebae. Of all isolates from 13 pools, 43.6% belonged to the genus Acanthamoeba. The genus Naegleria accounted for 7.3% of the isolates, but none belonged to the pathogenic N. fowleri. A high percentage (70%) of the Acanthamoeba strains tested showed virulence for mice. PMID- 43690 TI - [Interferon induced in the hamster by subunits of "Nocardia": essay of protection against rabies (author's transl)]. AB - Lipid-free cells of Nocardia opaca and a cell extract (NWSM) are interferon inducers in syrian hamsters: peak interferon appears 2 h after injection as compared to 8 h in the case of interferon induced by inactivated NDV virus. The interferon induced by Nocardia product is inactivated by a treatment for 30 min at 56 degrees C or 24 h at pH 2: NDV-induced interferon is more stable under these conditions. Hamsters inoculated with NWSM before and after infection with rabies virus are partially protected: their survival time is slightly increased. PMID- 43691 TI - [Enzyme immunoassay for the detection and identification of dengue viruses from infected mosquitoes (author's transl)]. AB - The authors deal with a "double sandwich" enzyme immunoassay for the detection and identification of dengue viruses 1, 2 and 4. They use ground glass-beads (7 mm diameter) coated with human heterospecific anti-dengue antibodies, to bind viruses obtained from infected mosquitoes (Toxorhynchites amboinensis). The mouse antibodies bound to the viruses coated on the beads are revealed by anti-mouse 7S immunoglobulins labelled with peroxydase. The method is practical, sensitive and confident. The standard curves obtained with each type show significant differences from one another until very high dilutions of the viral suspension. Inhibition tests by human immune antibodies and dengue antigens demonstrate the specificity of the reaction. This method is certainly applicable to others arboviruses and allows a large scale epidemiological survey. PMID- 43692 TI - New approaches to the evaluation of immunomodulation by thymic hormones. PMID- 43693 TI - Cyclic nucleotides and calcium in lymphocyte regulation and activation. PMID- 43694 TI - Biochemical and biological properties of THF in animal and human models. PMID- 43695 TI - Vth International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology: digestive physiology and metabolism in ruminants, Clermont-Ferrand 3-7 September, 1979. PMID- 43696 TI - Effect of pH on specific growth rates of rumen bacteria. PMID- 43697 TI - Quantitative estimation of ammonia absorption by goats fed high starch diets with urea supplement. PMID- 43698 TI - Factors affecting digestion of grain-supplemented straw. PMID- 43699 TI - Rumen fermentations with NaOH-straw rations. PMID- 43700 TI - Activity of gamma glutamyltransferase isolated from the rumen mucosa of the cow. PMID- 43701 TI - Influence of rumen fermentation rate on glucagon and insulin blood levels. PMID- 43702 TI - Ruminal adaptation to increasing levels of concentrates. PMID- 43703 TI - Diminishing rumen butyrogenesis in bulls and sheep fed sugar beets. PMID- 43704 TI - Familial fatal Parkinsonism with alveolar hypoventilation and mental depression. AB - The clinical, pathological, and neurochemical characteristics of a newly recognized inherited neurological disorder are reported. Lethargy and mental depression are early symptoms, followed by mild parkinsonism and progressive weight loss. Failure of automatic respiratory control develops and may result in sudden death. Advanced degeneration of the substantia nigra, cell loss and gliosis of the basal ganglia, and focal gliosis in the medulla are seen on pathological study. Degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is evidenced by low levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine, homovanillic acid, and L-dopa decarboxylase in postmortem brain samples. Taurine concentrations in fasting plasma and CSF are somewhat depressed; brain contents of taurine are within normal limits. PMID- 43705 TI - Rosaramicin versus penicillin G in experimental Pneumococcal meningitis. AB - Rosaramicin, a new macrolide antibiotic, was compared with penicillin G in the treatment of pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits. Animals were infected intracisternally with 10(4) colony-forming units of Streptococcus pneumoniae type III (rosaramicin minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations, 0.25/0.5 mug/ml; penicillin G minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations, 0.03/0.06 mug/ml). Treatment was instituted 96 h later. Infusion of rosaramicin at 25 mg/kg per h intravenously for 8 h produced a peak cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drug concentration of 1.54 mug/ml (range, 0.87-3.6 mug/ml). During this infusion the numbers of pneumococci in CSF decreased from 6.2 +/- 0.5 to 3.36 +/- 1.12 log(10) colony-forming units per ml. Penicillin G, infused at 30 mg/kg per h for 8 h, reached a similar concentration in CSF but caused a greater reduction (P < 0.01) in CSF bacteria, from 6.4 +/- 0.36 to 1.3 +/- 0.67 log(10) colony-forming units per ml. Penicillin G, at 100 mg/kg per day intramuscularly for 5 days, cured 7 of 10 rabbits with pneumococcal meningitis. A higher dose, 300 mg/kg per day for 5 days, was no more efficacious: 11 of 14 rabbits were cured. Rosaramicin at 100 mg/kg per day intramuscularly for 5 days cured only 5 of 15 rabbits with meningitis, but a higher dosage regimen of that drug (250 mg/kg per day intramuscularly) produced acute, fulminant enterocecitis and death within 48 h in seven of eight rabbits. No cytotoxin was detected in the feces of one rabbit with acute enterocecitis. Thus the efficacy of rosaramicin in experimental pneumococcal meningitis, measured by bacterial clearance from CSF and by treatment outcome, was less than that of penicillin G. In addition, high-dose parenteral rosaramicin caused acute, fulminant enterocecitis in a high proportion of treated rabbits. PMID- 43706 TI - Viral aggregation: buffer effects in the aggregation of poliovirus and reovirus at low and high pH. AB - The effects of the buffer employed in maintaining a given pH value were tested on the aggregation of two viruses, poliovirus and reovirus. Poliovirus was found to aggregate at pH values of 6 and below, but not at pH 7 or above, except in borate buffer. Reovirus aggregated at pH 4 and below, but was found to aggregate only in acetate or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-citrate buffers at pH 5. Other buffers tested for aggregation of reovirus at pH 5 (succinate, citrate, and phosphate citrate) induced little aggregation. No significant aggregation was found for reovirus at pH 6 and above. For both viruses, the most effective aggregation was induced by buffers having a substantial monovalently charged anionic component, such as acetate at pH 5 and 6 or citrate at pH 3. Cationic buffers at low pH, such as glycine, were generally weaker in aggregating ability than anionic buffers at the same pH. These results, when correlated with the isoelectric point of the viruses (poliovirus at pH 8.2; reovirus at pH 3.9) indicated that both viruses aggregated strongly when their overall charge was positive, but only under certain circumstances when their overall charge was negative. Although reovirus aggregated massively at its isoelectric point, poliovirus remained dispersed at its isoelectric point. The conclusion can be drawn that those pH and buffer conditions which induced aggregation of one virus do not necessarily induce it in another. PMID- 43707 TI - Abiotic factors affecting the toxicity of lead to fungi. AB - The toxicity of lead (Pb) to fungi in pure culture was influenced by several abiotic factors: pH, inorganic anions, clay minerals, and particulate (humic acid) and soluble organic matter. The toxicity of Pb was potentiated under acidic conditions (pH 5 and 6), and phosphate or carbonate anions reduced the toxicity, apparently as a result of the formation of sparingly soluble Pb salts. Clay minerals (montmorillonite greater than attapulgite greater than kaolinite) and particulate humic acid protected against the toxicity of Pb, presumably as the result of sorption, by cation exchange of the Pb to the exchange complexes, which reduced its availability for uptake by the fungi. Soluble organics, such as tryptone, yeast extract, cysteine, succinic acid, and increasing concentrations of neopeptone, also reduced the toxicity of Pb. PMID- 43708 TI - Neonatal society. Meeting held on 29 June 1979 at the University of Glasgow [proceedings]. PMID- 43709 TI - Effects of copper on the sabellid polychaete, Eudistylia vancouveri: I. Concentration limits for copper accumulation. AB - Three experiments with a sabellid polychaete (Eudistylia vancouveri) show the threshold concentration for increasing copper accumulation with time to lie between 3 and 6 micrograms/L total copper in seawater during winter conditions. The branchial crown, probably the major absorptive site, concentrated more copper than the body. Accumulation was influenced by size but not by sex. Our studies indicate that the body burden of copper will increase above natural levels in areas of industrial discharge where copper levels are above the threshold limit for accumulation. PMID- 43710 TI - Isolation of an enzyme from soil that degrades the organophosphorus insecticide, crotoxyphos. AB - An enzyme which catalyzed the hydrolysis of crotoxyphos ((E)-1-phenylethyl 3 [(dimethoxyphosphinyl)oxy]-2-butenoate) was isolated from nonsterile and radiation-sterilized Chehalis clay loam with 1.5M Tris (2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-nitro 1,3-propanediol) and partially purified with lead acetate treatment. Two soil-g equivalents of lead acetate purified enzyme in pH 8 buffer hydrolyzed 0.13 mumol of substrate to dimethyl phosphate and alpha-methylbenzyl 3-hydroxycrotonate in 16 hr at 37 degrees C. The enzyme exhibited maximal activity around pH 8.0 and was irreversibly inactivated below pH 5.0 or above pH 10.0. The Km value for crotoxyphos was calculated to be 4.63 x 10(-3) M. The enzyme was stable at 60 degrees C for 10 min, retained activity indefinitely at -10 degrees C, and was completely inactivated within a week at room temperature. When applied to autoclayed Chehalis clay loam, purified enzyme lost 75% of its activity after one week and the remainder within two weeks. PMID- 43711 TI - Ultrastructure of the tubular wall of the prepuberal cryptorchid human testis. AB - The tubular wall in the human prepuberal testis of cryptorchid patients has been examined by ultrastructural and histochemical analysis. When compared with the normolocated testes, a disorganization of the tubular wall due to cryptorchidism is apparent. Alterations regarding single elements of the tubular wall are described and a positive correlation seems to exist between the age and the amount of the damage. A possible relation between morphological changes and hormone therapy is discussed. PMID- 43712 TI - Serologic diagnosis of gonococcal infection. AB - Infection with N. gonorrhoeae stimulates the production of antibodies to many common, species-specific, and type-specific antigens. The L-antigen is an envelop antigen and antibodies to it could be demonstrated by various methods in more than 90% of the patients after the first 10 days of infection. Serologic tests are not yet available in the United States. If and when they become available, they may be recommended for: (1) Screening asymptomatic men and women, (2) Use as an adjunct diagnostic tool in cases of prostatitis, arthritis, disseminated gonococcal infection, and pelvic inflammatory disease, (3) Use (alone or in conjunction with culture) when specimens must be mailed to a central laboratory, when mailing conditions do not allow for incubation within 24-48 hr, or when proper media and qualified bacteriologists are not available. PMID- 43713 TI - [Renovascular hypertension. Concepts and reality]. PMID- 43714 TI - [Renovascular hypertension and beta blockers. Theoretical and practical implications]. AB - Beta blockade was instituted in 10 patients with renovascular hypertension due to renal artery stenosis or thrombosis. The treatment was very effective in unilateral stenosis with a normal contralateral kidney (2 kidney Goldblatt) and in fibromuscular dystrophy of the renal artery. On the other hand many failures were observed in hypertension with a single kidney (1 kidney Goldblatt) and in renovascular hypertension with complex lesions or associated renal failure. Although a clear relationship was often observed between the increased plasma renin activity and the antihypertensive effect of beta blockade, this association was sometimes completely erroneous. Beta blockade, which is easy to perform, should be tried out systematically in renovascular hypertension, but, when no result is observed, this therapeutic test should not exclude surgical management thereafter. PMID- 43715 TI - [Effect of stunning on pork muscle quality]. AB - The following methods of insensitisation were tested for their effects on muscle pork quality: Electrocoma, 75 V, 15 sec; Electrocoma following intensive electrical stimulation and irritation of various parts of the animals's body, using the insensitising forceps; Dart gun insensitisation. Also tested was the action of muscle relaxants on pork quality. Minor deviation from proper practice of electrical insensitisation was found to cause no significant deterioration in cutlet muscle and ham muscle quality. However, intensive irritation immediately before insensitisation caused higher percentages of PSE (16.7 per cent) and DFD (16.7 per cent). Dart gun insensitisation was quite often followed by poorer quality in the form of watery and bright pork (25.0 per cent). This had detrimental consequences for boiled ham processing (higher loss rates). Sensorial assessment of boiled ham obtained from animals in various categories did not reveal any significant discrepancy between the above techniques. When muscle relaxants were used, muscle pork quality of pigs relaxed by means of succicholine dichloride was much better than that in animals to which electrical insensitisation had been applied. Characteristics of such better quality included slower decline in pH over 45 minutes after death and lower drip loss. PMID- 43716 TI - [French Pediatric Society. Round table on recurrent hematuria in children (Montpellier, 27 April 1979)]. PMID- 43717 TI - Effect of hexachlorobenzene on enzymes of the steroid metabolism in rat liver. AB - Adult female Wistar rats were fed with a diet containing 0.05% hexachlorobenzene. On the 60th day of this treatment the specific activities of NADPH: delta 4-3 oxosteroid-5 alpha-reductase and the 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in rat liver microsomes were diminished compared to control rats. The cytoplasmatic 5 beta reduction was higher in HCB treated rats than in control rats. These alterations of the steroid metabolism lead to increased formation of 5 beta-H-steroids which are known to be inducers of the porphyrin biosynthesis. PMID- 43718 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency associated with the ingestion of central nervous system depressants]. AB - The study of twenty patients with poisoning by central nervous system depressant drugs is reported. The authors emphasized clinical aspects, complications and mainly the lung function impairment. Barbiturates were the most common drugs, at least in 60% of the cases, used alone or in combination with sedatives and tranquilizers. In 55% of patients the amount of the drug ingested could not be measured. In 60% of the cases we didn't know the period of time between drug ingestion by the patients and their admission to the hospital. On admisson all patients were in coma. The coma was of varying degrees and the deeper the coma the worse was lung function and complications were more frequent. Whenever a cardiovascular collapse was present there was also a high mortality rate. The authors emphasized the importance of a follow-up of these patients in intensive care units, mainly with cardiovascular and ventilatory support. PMID- 43719 TI - A model enzymic extracorporeal detoxification system. AB - Preliminary studies at the University of Oklahoma have incorporated the use of a continuous, seal-less blood centrifuge as an extracorporeal detoxification unit to aid in the removal of foreign chemicals from the blood. Detoxification is performed by immobilized enzymes in conjunction with a cofactor (NADPH) bound to a water-soluble macromolecule. A drug enters the device with the plasma and then passes across a semipermeable membrane which serves to retain the cofactor. At this point, a combination of the drug, the cofactor and the enzyme react to form the drug-oxide. The oxide then passes back through the membrane into the blood and back into the body. Concurrently, the macro-NADP+ is reduced by G-6-P and G-6 PD in the cofactor regeneration portion of the device. To facilitate detoxification, the centrifuge is employed to provide plasma rich in toxins, but void of potentially interfering blood components such as platelets and whole blood cells. These components tend to dilute the toxins or adhere to the interfacing membrane, decreasing the permeability of these toxins into the detoxification unit. It is felt that the centrifuge-detoxification combination will provide a potentially efficient hepatic assist device. PMID- 43720 TI - International Workshop on Biomedical Transducers and Measurements. PMID- 43722 TI - The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. PMID- 43721 TI - Summary and abstracts of the International Symposium on Hemoperfusion: Kidney and Liver Supports and Detoxification. August 25-26, 1979, Haifa, Israel. PMID- 43723 TI - The endocrine cells of the rectum of adult ox. AB - In order to identify the endocrine cell types in various parts of the Ruminant gut, we have applied ultrastructural, both morphological and cytochemical, techniques, in parallel to the histochemical ones, to study the rectal mucosa of the adult Ox. In these studies we show that: "EC" cells, of the intestinal type, contain predominantly pleiomorphic granules, which are very electron dense and heavily reactive to "Masson" and "Grimelius" methods; "L" cells are recognizable by their numerous granules, which are fairly homogeneous in shape and osmiophilia. They do not react with "Masson" and are weak or negative to Grimelius's reaction. These granules occur near to others that are less dense, unreactive to "Masson", and that contain an argyrophilic matrix, with an eccentric electron dense core, which does not react with silver; "F-like" cells contain granules which are variable in shape, size and osmiophilia. They are unreactive to "Masson" and weak or unreactive to Grimelius silver; "H" cells contain few, small and uniformly osmiophilic granules. These are unreactive to "Masson" and uniformly reactive to "Grimelius". Our data suggest that the morphology, frequency and distribution of the cell types we have identified in the mucosa of the bovine rectum correspond with those reported in large intestine and rectum of Monogastrics, as by other authors described. PMID- 43724 TI - Histochemical studies of some hepatic enzyme activities in rat during extrahepatic common bile duct obstruction. AB - Studies on some enzyme activities as measured histochemically in the ligated common bile duct rat liver are reported. They show principally: an increased GGT reaction in the neoductular cells; a diffusion of the LAP reaction to the neoductuli; an immediate increase and diffusion of the alkaline phosphatase reaction; an increase of G-6-PA and AMPA reactions; an increase, during the first week, of the Phyla activity and a contemporary decrease of the UDPG-GS reaction. No significant changes have been observed in other enzyme activities. By means of some dehydrogenase reactions, morphological evidence that the hepatocytes may be involved in neoductular cells formation was obtained. PMID- 43725 TI - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte-inhibitory factor of Bordetella pertussis. II. Localization in the outer membrane. AB - The outer and inner membranes and cytoplasm of spheroplasts of a strain of phase I B. pertussis were fractionated by density gradient centrifugation. The high density vesicles of the outer membranes isolated had the "Pili" characteristic of the bacteria and the same antigenicty as the bacterial surface. Activities for inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were also almost exclusively localized in this outer membrane fraction. The histamine-sensitizing activity was more dispersed, but its specific activity was also highest in the outer membrane fraction. These results suggest that molecules carrying these activities, which are probably different entities together with the tissue-adhesive pili, form a virulence complex on the surface of phase I organisms of B. pertussis. PMID- 43726 TI - Etiological relation between Korean hemorrhagic fever and epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Japan. AB - The first case of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Japan was seen in Osaka in 1960. The etiologic agent of this disease has not yet been isolated, but a close etiologic relation between Korean hemorrhagic fever and epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Japan has been suspected because of similarities in the clinical and pathological pictures of the two diseases. This relation has now been confirmed serologically by demonstrating specific immunofluorescent antibodies to Korean hemorrhagic fever virus in 19 of 20 sera obtained from subjects 7 to 17 years after an acute attack of epidemic hemorrhagic fever. PMID- 43727 TI - Indicator enzyme assays. I. Adenylate deaminase: principles and application to human muscle biopsies and blood cells. PMID- 43728 TI - A radioenzymatic microassay for simultaneous measurement of catecholamines and their deaminated metabolites. PMID- 43729 TI - Variability of ionized calcium with pH of normal urine. PMID- 43730 TI - The questionable role of cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate in heart. PMID- 43731 TI - Alteration of the enzymology of chloral hydrate reduction in the presence of ethanol. PMID- 43732 TI - In vitro binding of metabolically activated [14C]-ledakrin, or 1-nitro-9-14C-(3' dimethylamino-N-propylamino) acridine, a new antitumor and DNA cross-linking agent, to macromolecules of subcellular fractions isolated from rat liver and HeLa cells. PMID- 43733 TI - Restoration of red cell catalase activity by glucose metabolism after exposure to a vitamin K analog. PMID- 43734 TI - Hepatic and extrahepatic microsomal electron transport components and mixed function oxygenases in the marine fish Stenotomus versicolor. PMID- 43735 TI - Effects of inducers and inhibitors on the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by rat and mouse. PMID- 43736 TI - Effect of antidepressant and neuroleptic drugs on respiratory function of rat heart mitochondria. PMID- 43737 TI - Factors influencing the microsome- and mitochondria-catalyzed in vitro binding of diethylnitrosamine and N-nitrosopiperidine to deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 43738 TI - Cytochrome P-455 complex formation in the metabolism of phenylalkylamines--IV. Spectral evidences for metabolic conversion of methamphetamine to N hydroxyamphetamine. PMID- 43739 TI - Further studies on 5'-Nucleotidase from serum of liver cirrhotic individuals. AB - The kinetic properties of 5'-Nucleotidase were investigated in untreated patients with liver cirrhosis at 37 degrees C. Mg+2 and Mn+2 were found to activate both normal and liver cirrhotic 5'-Nucleotidase, but Nickel inhibited the enzyme in both systems competitively. Both ATP and adenosine act as inhibitors to 5'-Nucleotidase. The inhibitory constant for ATP was different in normal and liver cirrhotic individuals, 0.1 +/- 0.03 for normal and 0.225 +/- 0.02 for liver cirrhosis. In our investigation, ATP was found to be a competitive inhibitor of 5'-Nucleotidase which compete the substrate (A-5'-MP) for the active site. Inhibition of 5'-Nucleotidase by adenosine is of non-competitive type, for both normal and liver cirrhotic sera. It was observed that both serum 5' Nucleotidase exhibited pH dependent characteristics; in that there was an optimum substrate concentration at each pH value and the plot of pKm versus pH shows great dependency of km on pH. PMID- 43740 TI - The sodium channel in non-impulsive cells. Interaction with specific neurotoxins. AB - The cell line C9 used in this paper has a resting potential of --50 mV (+/- 10 mV) but is unable to generate an action potential upon electrical stimulation. The cell membrane has receptors for the selectivity filter toxin tetrodotoxin as well as for the gating system toxins, veratridine, scorpion toxin and sea anemone toxin. The Na+ channel which remains silent to electrical stimulation in the absence of toxins can be chemically activated by the gating system toxins. This has been demonstarted by electrophysiological techniques and by 22Na+ flux studies. The electrophysiological approach has shown that the sea anemone toxin is able to induce a spontaneous slow-wave activity inhibited by tetrodotoxin. 22Na+ influx analyses have shown that veratridine and the sea anemone toxin produce an important increase of the initial rate of 22Na+ influx into the C9 cell. The stimulation of 22Na+ entry by these gating system toxins is similar to that found using spiking neuroblastoma cells. Veratridine and the sea anemone toxin on one hand as well as veratridine and the scorpion toxin on the other hand are synergistic in their action to stabilize an open and highly permeable form of the sodium channel. Stimulation of 22Na+ entry into the cell through the sodium channel maintained open by the gating system neurotoxins is completely suppressed by tetrodotoxin. PMID- 43741 TI - Multiple conformations of deoxyribonuclease A. Their separation at alkaline pH and low ionic strength in the presence of Ca2+. AB - Gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 at pH 9.0 in 1 mM Tris buffer produces denaturation and inactivation of pancreatic DNAase A. Limiting concentrations of Ca2+ in the suspension and elution buffer, reactivates some of the enzyme molecules in an amount proportional to the calcium added. Stable active and inactive forms were separated on Sephadex columns. A model for the conformational role of Ca2+ on DNAase A demonstrates that at least one Ca2+ is involved (Kapp = 8.3 . 10(-5) M) in the correct folding of the polypeptide chain. Na+ was unable to reactivate the enzyme. PMID- 43742 TI - Structural studies of a branchiopod crustacean (Lepidurus bilobatus) extracellular hemoglobin. Evidence for oxygen-binding domains. AB - The extracellular hemoglobin of the notostracan branchiopod Lepidurus bilobatus has an apparent molecular weight of 680,000 and may exist in a dissociation association equilibrium dependent on pH and ligand state. The pigment contains one heme per 18,000 g protein. However, attempts to dissociate the hemoglobin by harsh denaturing conditions results in a 33-34,000 molecular weight polypeptide chain as well as traces of some 62-64,000 molecular weight material. Limited proteolysis of this hemoglobin with subtilisin produces 14,800 and 16,500 dalton heme-containing polypeptides (domains) which bind oxygen reversibly. These domains, isolated by column chromatography, have a heme content similar to the intact pigment. It is proposed that the intact 34,000 dalton subunit of Lepidurus hemoglobin consists of two linearly linked oxygen binding domains. Oxygen binding properties of the intact hemoglobin show a low oxygen affinity with a slight Bohr effect. In contrast, the isolated domains display a relatively high oxygen affinity and lack a Bohr effect between pH 7.0 and 8.0. It is apparent that the intact 34,000 dalton polypeptide is necessary for the expression of the heterotropic interactions of the native pigment. PMID- 43743 TI - Conformational changes in human serum albumin around the neutral pH from circular dichroic measurements. AB - The molar ellipticity of the warfarin-albumin complex at 310 nm increases with pH from 6 to 9. This pH dependence runs parallel with that of the molar ellipticity of the albumin alone at 292 nm. The change in molar ellipicity with pH occurs in a smaller pH interval after addition of the physiological concentration of calcium ions. These findings give support to the assumption that the binding site for warfarin on the albumin molecule is affected by the neutral-to-base transition in the protein. PMID- 43744 TI - [Purification and physico-chemical properties of collagenase synthesized by a bacterium of the type Acinetobacter sp]. AB - The Acinetobacter spec collagenase has been almost completely purified. This enzyme is a true collagenase the activity of which is high on collagen. The enzyme is active on insoluble collagen, gelatin and the synthetic Pz-peptide, but has no proteolytic activity on casein or bovine serum-albumin. The collagenase was obtained on a simple medium with gelatin and yeast extract. The enzyme was purified by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation. DEAE cellulose column chromatography, Sephadex G 200 gel-filtration. The molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be 102 000 daltons, and its isoelectric point was found to be 7,7 +/- 0,2. The optimum pH and temperature for insoluble collagen hydrolysis were 7.6 and 37 degrees C, respectively; so, this collagenase corresponds to true collagenase. Hydrolysis of Pz-peptide is activated by Ca2+ and inhibited by metal ions (Cu2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Hg2+). EDTA and o-phenanthroline induced a very significant reduction in enzyme activity. Iodoacetate and p-CMB induced a slight reduction in enzyme activity only at high concentrations (10-2M). The collagenase is most stable for temperatures less than or equal to 50 degrees C. PMID- 43745 TI - Beta-blocking agents: side effects. PMID- 43746 TI - Continuous transcutaneous blood gas monitoring. First International Symposium- Marburg, W. Germany, May 31--June 2, 1978. PMID- 43747 TI - Simultaneous transcutaneous oxygen tension and tissue pH monitoring in sick neonates. AB - Our studies show that simultaneous tcPO2 and tpH monitoring is feasible and they indicate a highly significant degree of correlation between arterial PO2 and tcPO2 on the one hand and arterial pH and tpH on the other. We also conclude that tissue pH as measured with tpH electrode is a close approximation of arterial pH in sick neonates. PMID- 43748 TI - Transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement during halothane and neurolept anesthesia. PMID- 43749 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the second annual meeting of the Japanese Society of Biorheology (30. June, 1. July, 1979, Osaka). PMID- 43750 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the fifth meeting of the International Society of Haematology, European and African division (30. August, 1979, Hamburg, FRG). PMID- 43751 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the European symposium "Hemorheology and Diseases" (.17-.19, October 1979, Nancy, France). PMID- 43752 TI - [Proceedings of the XXIV World Conference of the Union Internationale contre la Tuberculose - 2. Brussels, 5-9 September 1978]. PMID- 43753 TI - Pharmacotherapeutic trials in tardive dyskinesia. AB - Some of the clinical factors contributing to the currently unsatisfactory state of therapy for tardive dyskinesia are reviewed. Problems such as lack of clear syndrome delineation and phenomenological description, the lack of standardization in rating scales and the lack of attention to trial design have all probably contributed to a rather confusing picture. Controlled trials suggest that several pharmacological agents may be of therapeutic value but that clinical prediction of an individual's response is impossible. The strategy of acute drug challenge has emerged as perhaps the most promising approach to the definition of pharmacological subtypes and therefore the choice of optimal treatment. PMID- 43754 TI - Tardive dyskinesia and dementia. AB - Seventeen schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD) and 33 schizophrenics without tardive dyskinesia were examined by psychological tests of intellectual function and EMI scans were performed. The group as a whole were found to be demented and 31 out of 45 had abnormalities on the scan. On a learning test the tardive dyskinesia group did significantly worse and using a measured parameter of the scan (the Ventricular Index) the tardive dyskinesia group had more abnormality. It is suggested that the higher incidence of pathology in the tardive dyskinesia group may be related to chronic neuroleptic toxicity. PMID- 43755 TI - Metoclopramide and haloperidol in tardive dyskinesia. AB - The effect of single intravenous doses of metoclopramide (10 mg, 20 mg and 40 mg) and haloperidol (5 mg and 10 mg) have been compared to placebo (saline) in a double blind randomised study in 8 patients with tardive dyskinesia secondary to neuroleptic therapy. Tardive dyskinesia rating scores were improved significantly (P less than 0.01) 6 hours after dosing by metoclopramide 40 mg, and haloperidol 5 mg and 10 mg, when compared to placebo. Single doses of dopamine receptor blocking agents improve tardive dyskinesia. The dose of metochlopramide required to show a beneficial effect was high, and this therefore suggests that it is unlikely to be of therapeutic value as the incidence of adverse reactions would be greatly increased. By monitoring the effects of single doses of dopamine receptor blocking drugs in patients with tardive dyskinesia it is possible to compare the relative potencies of these drugs on dopaminergic systems in vivo in man. PMID- 43756 TI - Tardive dyskinesia in psychiatric patients treated with neuroleptics. PMID- 43757 TI - Minimal surgical interference in the prune belly syndrome. AB - Twenty-seven cases of prune belly syndrome which were well in the neonatal period are reported. Eleven were seen in the first year of life and 16 presented later. The first line of treatment was to ensure proper bladder emptying, usually by urethrotomy. Thereafter a policy of minimal surgical interference was followed, operating only for proven obstruction and intractable infection. This policy appears justified as 10 of 11 early presenters have done well. In the late presenters it was accepted that some renal damage had already occurred; nonetheless, 11 of 16 cases have done well. The X-rays were reviewed and hitherto unreported medullary cysts were noted. No radiological signs were found that were of prognostic significance. PMID- 43758 TI - Autonomic innervation and transmission. PMID- 43759 TI - Vascular smooth muscle. Correlations between basic properties and responses of human blood-vessels. PMID- 43760 TI - Placental and mammary transfer of sulphasalazine. PMID- 43761 TI - Proximal myopathy during beta-blockade. PMID- 43762 TI - The pH/log PCO2 buffer curve of horse blood. PMID- 43763 TI - [Peritoneal vascular injuries induced by gaseous oxygen]. AB - When introduced as a gas into the abdominal cavity of the rat, oxygen above the initial concentration of 10 % provokes vasodilatation, perivascular oedematous infiltrations and fluid formation. These lesions are entirely reversible. Antihistaminics (promethazine and mepyramine 2 mg/100 g completely inhibit vascular lesions. PMID- 43764 TI - An in vitro comparison of some biochemical and biological properties of California and Morocco isolates of Spiroplasma citri. PMID- 43765 TI - The function of fimbriae in Myxococcus xanthus. I. Purification and properties of M. xanthus fimbriae. AB - Myxococcus xanthus fimbriae have been purified and characterized as part of a study of the function of fimbriae in this prokaryote. Myxococcus xanthus produced two types of fimbriae, termed flaccid (F) and rigid (R) on the basis of electron microscopy. F and R fimbriae differed slightly in their response to pH and freeze thaw regimes but were similar in their resistance to hydrolytic enzymes, amino acid composition, molecular weight, carbohydrate content, and antigenic determinants. Although the precise relationship between F and R fimbriae is unknown, the possibility is considered that F fimbriae might represent a "contracted" form of the R type. Studies designed to determine fimbriae function in M. xanthus are described in an accompanying report. PMID- 43766 TI - Biochemical studies on pili isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains PAO and PAK bear polar pili which are flexible filaments having a diameter of 6 nm and an average length of 2500 nm. Both types of pili are retractile and promote infection by a number of bacteriophages. The present communication describes the partial biochemical characterization of PAO pili isolated from a multipiliated nonretractile mutant of PAO. The observed properties are compared to those of PAK pili which were characterized previously. PAO pili were found to contain a single polypeptide subunit of 18 700 daltons. This is similar to PAK pili which contain a single polypeptide of 18 100 daltons. The amino acid composition of PAO pilin was also similar to that of PAK pilin. Neither protein contained phosphate or carbohydrate residues and both were found to contain N-methylphenylalanine at the amino terminus. Sequencing of 20 amino acid residues at the amino terminal end of PAO pilin revealed the sequence to be identical with that of PAK pilin, while tryptic peptide analyses of PAO and PAK pilin indicated that the two proteins probably contain a number of homologous regions within the polypeptide. It was concluded that PAO and PAK pili were closely related structures. PMID- 43767 TI - [Effect of 2-ketogluconic acid synthesis on the exopolysaccharide production in a Rhizobium meliloti strain]. AB - Two categories of carbon substrates are defined for Rhizobium meliloti: the first favours the synthesis of exopolysaccharides (fructose belongs to this category) while the other is not suitable (glucose belongs to this category). With fructose, resting cells synthesize polysaccharides during more than 100 h and this synthesis is at its best in aerobic conditions at 30 degrees C. With glucose, 2-ketogluconic acid accumulates and rapidly stops the synthesis. The method used to stop this acidification allows with glucose a synthesis which can be compared to the one obtained with fructose. PMID- 43768 TI - The function of fimbriae in Myxococcus xanthus. II. The role of fimbriae in cell cell interactions. AB - Anti-fimbriae antiserum specifically inhibited swarming but no gliding motility per se in Myxococcus xanthus. However, formation of motile aggregates on agar and clumps in liquid media correlated with the presence of fimbriae. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid which inhibited swarming also inhibited fimbriae formation. Direct electron-microscopic observations revealed that fimbriae establish contact with apposing cell surfaces. Intact but not depolymerized fimbriae exhibited hemagglutination activity against guinea pig erythrocytes. This activity was inhibited by mannose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and to a lesser degree by fructose, raffinose, melibiose, and alpha-methyl-D-mannoside. It is concluded that fimbriae are organelles which function to establish and maintain intercellular contacts, perhaps by a lectin-like function, during the coordinated movement of cell aggregates' (swarming) in myxobacteria. This hypothesis is supported by the observations of other workers that genes determining movement of cells in groups also control fimbriation in M. xanthus. PMID- 43769 TI - Purification and some properties of uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase from Neurospora crassa. AB - Uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (EC. 2.7.7.23) of Neurospora crassa has been purified approximately 210-fold with dithiothreitol as the stabilizing agent by use of chromatographic techniques. The enzyme preparation appeared to be homogeneous when subjected to electrophoresis. The molecular weight was estimated as approximately 37 000 by gel filtration. The enzyme had an isoelectric point around pH 4.4. Maximum activity of the enzyme was observed at pH 7.5. The enzyme required Mg2+, which may be replaced by other divalent cations such as Mn2+ and Co2+ for lesser degrees of effectiveness. The enzyme was strictly specific for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine as the substrate. The estimated values of Km were 2.2 mM for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and 5.4 mM for inorganic pyrophosphate. The enzyme activity was highly stimulated by the addition of dithiothreitol or dithioerythritol but was lost by sulfhydryl inhibitory reagents. PMID- 43770 TI - Cellulose degradation by a new isolate from sewage sludge, a member of the Bacteroidaceae family. AB - A mesophilic anaerobe, a member of the Bacteroidaceae family (NRC2248), isolated from a cellulose-enrichment culture, digested untreated Whatman cellulose powder and HCl-treated cotton battings while producing hydrogen, carbon dioxide, cellobiose, glucose, and acetic acid as the sole volatile acid. This organism also utilized cellobiose as carbon and energy source but did not utilize glucose. It grew well in synthetic medium containing ammonium salts as nitrogen source and having a pH value of 7.0-7.1 and an Eh value of -160mV or lower. The nutrient requirements of this organism were found to be similar to those of other anaerobes except for Na2S which inhibited cellulose degradation in concentrations above 0.75 mM. Best cellulose degradation occurred under an atmosphere of 80% N2 20% CO2. Use of H2 or 80% H2-20% CO2 as headspace gas inhibited growth. Although accumulation of acetic acid in about 15-16 mM concentrations inhibited the further formation of H2, CO2, and acetic acid in the broth, it did not stop the degradation of cellulose. The results indicate that this organism has the ability to grow in media containing up to 20 g/L of cellulose and to produce industrially important and easily separable end products from cellulose. PMID- 43771 TI - Asparagine metabolism and asparaginase activity in a euryhaline Chlamydomonas species. AB - A Chlamydomonas species isolated from a marine environment possesses an L asparaginase, an enzyme not yet reported in the microalgae. This enzyme enabled the organism to grow as well with asparagine as sole nitrogen source as with inorganic nitrogen sources (NO3-, NH4+). Only the amide nitrogen was used for growth since growth did not occur on aspartate and aspartate accumulated in the media when cells were either grown on asparagine or during short-term incubations with L-[U-14C]asparagine. Cells grown on NO3-, NH4+, or L-asparagine in batch culture possessed equivalent asparaginase activities. However, nitrogen-limited cells possessed four times the activity of cells grown with sufficient nitrogen for normal growth, regardless of the possessed the lowest activity per cell, while lag phase and stationary phase cells possessed greater activity. The enzyme behaved like a periplasmic space enzyme since (1) breaking the cells did not release into solution more activity than was shown by whole cells and (2) whole cells converted L-[U-14C]asparagine to [14C]aspartate with little intracellular accumulation of radioactivity. Cell-free preparations of the enzyme possessed a Km value for asparagine of 1.1 x 10-4 M, with no glutaminase activity. PMID- 43772 TI - The effect of changes in pH on phosphate and potassium uptake by Monascus rubiginosus ATCC 16367 in submerged shaken culture. AB - Monascus rubiginosus ATCC 16367 was cultivated aerobically in media containing ammonium and nitrate as nitrogen source. The pH of the medium was adjusted at different times, the pH of the nitrate medium being lowered to the pH of the ammonium medium and the pH of the ammonium medium raised to that of the nitrate. More phosphate was taken up on the nitrate medium, but potassium uptake did not start until 24h. On the ammonium medium, both were taken up in parallel from the beginning, but the amount of phosphate taken up never reached the same level as on nitrate medium. When the pH was adjusted, the uptakes changed, especially on the ammonium medium where a great increase in phosphate uptake was observed. More conidia were formed on the nitrate medium and more pigment on the ammonium medium. When the pH of either media was adjusted, the development of conidia and pigment production changed to that of the other control medium where the pH evolved normally in the direction of the change, regardless of the source of nitrogen. The reasons for the development of conidia on nitrate medium or where the pH is high, and the production of pigment on ammonium medium or at low pH is discussed. PMID- 43773 TI - Elaphostrongylus cervi Cameron 1931 (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) in caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) of Newfoundland. PMID- 43774 TI - Osseous alkaline phosphatase from osteosarcoma in mouse and in culture. PMID- 43775 TI - [Scope for gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase [GGTP] utilization for the diagnosis of hepatic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 43776 TI - Virological surveillance for dengue haemorrhagic fever in Indonesia using the mosquito inoculation technique. AB - A dengue haemorrhagic fever surveillance system in Indonesia, based on virological and clinical observations, is described. The system uses the mosquito inoculation technique for virus isolation and is simple, economical, and well suited for endemic areas where support and facilities are limited. The data suggest that with good cooperation between the hospital and the virology laboratory, new serotypes and possibly even new strains of virus can be identified before the onset of epidemic activity. This type of virological surveillance may make it possible to prevent major epidemics in the future. PMID- 43777 TI - C.R.O.S. conference on combined modalities chemotherapy/radiotherapy. Hilton Head Island, South Carolina, November 15--18, 1978. PMID- 43778 TI - Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Clinical Enzymology. San Diego, U.S.A., February 1979. PMID- 43779 TI - White blood cells in the diagnosis of glycogenosis type II. PMID- 43780 TI - Lysosomal and brush border membrane enzymes in urine of patients with renal artery stenosis and with essential hypertension. PMID- 43781 TI - Contributions of clinical enzymology to the study of hepatobiliary disease - the enzymologist's view. PMID- 43782 TI - Daily fluctuation of cholestatic enzymes in bile and its relationship to the total bile salts concentration. AB - The activities of alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase and leucine aminopeptidase as well as the total bile salt concentration (Tbs) were measured in bile specimens collected spontaneously at 7 and 11 a.m. and 4 and 9 p.m. from the 3rd-9th postoperative day of 16 patients with T-tube insertion. The general trend for all cholestatic enzymes to increase or decrease was in some way related to the total bile salt concentration. The best correlation was found between AP and Tbs (r = 0.48). It is suggested that the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts may lead to the delivery of membrane-bound cholestatic enzymes into the bile canaliculi without damage to the hepatocyte. PMID- 43783 TI - Interaction of gamma-glutamyltransferase from human tissues with insolubilized lectins. AB - We have characterized the binding of gamma-glutamyltransferase to three insolubilized lectins. Optimal binding was achieved in 2 hours at 25 degrees C for concanavalin A and at 4 derees C for ricinus communis agglutinin 120 and wheat germ agglutinin,and was also a function of the ratio of lectin protein to gamma-glutamyltransferase protein. The interaction of gamma-glutamyltransferase with these three lectins is specific, and release of bound enzyme by carbohydrates follows the same general order of specificity previously observed for the competition between mono or polysaccharides for the lectin carbohydrate binding sites. The binding of trypsin-solubilized liver gamma-glutamyltransferase to the three insolubilized lectins was virtually identical to that of detergent solubilized enzyme. We propose, therefore, that the release by proteolytic enzymes, of gamma-glutamyltransferase from plasma membrane matrix does not significantly alter its carbohydrate structure. We obtained great differences in binding to the three lectins between the liver, kidney, pancreatic and duodenal isoenzymes of gamma-glutamyltransferase. From this data we conclude that carbohydrate content and topography are important distinguishing features of gamma-glutamyltransferase isoenzymes. PMID- 43784 TI - Apparent inhibition of gamma-glutamyltransferase by bilirubin. PMID- 43785 TI - Predictive values of various liver function tests with respect to the diagnosis of liver disease. AB - A prospective study of 181 patients suspected of having liver disease was carried out to determine the relative efficiencies of serum bilirubin (total and direct), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with respect to diagnosis. Liver biopsies, liver scans, abdominal ultrasound, and clinical parameters were also tabulated and used independently to evaluate the patient's hepatic status and to determine the final diagnoses in each case. From the results of these tests for the 60 patients who were diagnosed as having liver disease, and the 87 patients who were felt to be free of liver disease, predictive values of the above tests were established. Data from this study suggests that while direct bilirubin is the most specific test, GGT is the most sensitive and has the fewest false negatives in the diagnosis of liver disease. PMID- 43787 TI - Symposium on rare dermatoses: hystiocytosis X. PMID- 43786 TI - Prolactin release by intravenous cimetidine in man: evidence for a suprapituitary locus on action. AB - In an attempt to identify the sites at which cimetidine stimulates prolactin release, the drug was administered intravenously (6 mg/kg body weight) to healthy subjects under basal conditions, during dopamine infusion (1 microgram/Kg-min for 120 min) and after pretreatment with L-dopa plus carbidopa (250 plus 25 mg every 6 for 1 day). The serum prolactin response to cimetidine was abolished by dopamine infusion and almost completely suppressed by L-dopa plus carbidopa administration. These findings suggest that the drug acts on the central nervous system to stimulate prolactin release. Although the mechanism of this action is unclear, it does not seem to depend on an antidopaminergic effect and may be related to blackade of brain H2 histamine receptors. PMID- 43788 TI - Blister fluid proteinases in bullous skin diseases. PMID- 43790 TI - Abstracts. Transactions of the thirty-ninth annual meeting of the American Fracture Association, 1978. PMID- 43789 TI - Distribution of beta-adrenergic receptors on human lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - A technique is described allowing the quantification and the characterization of specific beta-adrenergic receptors in intact living human lymphocytes. 125I Iodohydroxybenzylpindolol, a potent beta-adrenergic antagonist was used to label specific binding sites on unfractionated lymphoid cells and on purified subpopulations of T (F1 and F2) and B cells. F1 and F2 were obtained by filtration through nylon wool column as previously described (Delespesse et al., 1976), they differ in their response to mitogens, and in their interactions with adherent cells and B cells. 125I-HYP binding to unfractionated lymphocytes was a saturable, stereospecific and rapid process with a dissociation constant of 2.5 10(-10) M and a binding capacity of 400--600 sites/cell. Bindings on unfractionated lymphocytes, purified B cells and T cells of the F2 fraction were similar. No detectable binding was noted on T cells from the F1 fraction. Enriched T cells obtained by a rosetting technique displayed 200 receptors/cell. PMID- 43791 TI - Irreducible dislocation of the metatarsophalangeal joints of the foot. AB - An unusual dislocation of the metatarsophalangeal joints of the third, fourth, and fifth toes with fractures of the neck of the second metatarsal bone occurred in a 23-year-old man. Hyperextension of the metatarsophalangeal joints is the mechanism of injury and is substantiated by the anatomic investigation. The metatarsal head is trapped between the fibrocartilaginous plate on the plantar surface of the foot, the dorsal capsule and deep transverse metatarsal ligament on the dorsal surface, the flexor tendons on the lateral aspect and the lumbrical tendons on the medial aspect. Division of the fibrocartilaginous plate, the deep transverse ligament and the dorsal capsule facilitates reduction of dislocation. PMID- 43792 TI - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia--the London experience. AB - Using the Seattle protocol with minor modifications, 23 patients with severe aplastic anaemia received allogeneic bone marrow transplants from HLA/mixed leucocyte culture matched sibs in three London centres between 1973 and 1977. Ten patients (43.5%) are alive 6 months to 5 years after transplantation, and are well with full haemopoietic reconstitution, two with autologous bone marrow recovery following the graft procedure. A failure of the marrow graft to take, or take followed by rejection occurred in 12 patients (52%). Failure of marrow recovery was associated with a high early mortality from bacterial or fungal infection. The only survivors amongst those who rejected the first graft were four patients in whom a subsequent graft from the same donor was successful, and two in whom autologous recovery occurred. Graft versus host disease (GVHD) occurred in seven patients, and was fatal in one case. The most frequent complication after successful engraftment was varicella-zoster infection which occurred in five patients and was fatal in one patient. The overall results compare favourably with those from other transplant centres, but the high rate of graft rejection and low incidence of GVHD differ from other series. The results should encourage further referral of patients with severe AA for bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 43794 TI - Histamine synthesis and degradation in the chick (Gallus gallus) and the rat (Rattus rattus). PMID- 43793 TI - [Recent neurobiological and related pharmaco-therapeutic acquisitions in Huntington's chorea]. PMID- 43795 TI - On the hydroxylation of fluoran to form fluorescein by three species of gerbillinae (Meriones unguiculatus. M. Libycus and Gerbillus pyramidum). PMID- 43796 TI - The effect of para-chlorophenylalanine on behavioral thermoregulation in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). PMID- 43797 TI - The effects of thyroxine and propanolol on the metabolic rate of degus. PMID- 43798 TI - Inotropic and chronotropic effects of neurotensin in the rat atrium and of physalaemin in the auricles of R. esculenta. PMID- 43799 TI - Behavioral toxicity. Neuroleptic-induced paradoxical behavioral toxicity in young borderline schizoprenics. AB - 9 young borderline schizophrenics who developed an acute paradoxical behavioral toxicity as a reaction to the initiation of antipsychotic medication are described. The dynamics, the psychological issues as well as some possible psychopharmacological interactions are discussed. The risk of behavioral toxicity should not be overlooked or underestimated and the occurrence of this reaction must be carefully differentiated from other drug-induced reactions. PMID- 43800 TI - The effects of rubidium on mammary tumour growth in C57 blk/6J mice. AB - A high pH therapy for cancer arrived at theoretically was tested in mice by feeding them rubidium carbonate. Tumours were transplanted in the abdomen of mice and allowed to grow for 8 days. The mice were then divided into two groups. The control group was continued on conventional mouse chow. The test group, in addition to the mouse chow, was force-fed 1.11 mg of rubidium carbonate dissolved in distilled water. At the end of 13 more days the tumours in the controls had grown to a large size so all the mice were sacrificed. The tumours were then removed and weighed. The tumours in the test animals weighed essentially one eleventh of those in the controls. In addition the test animals were showing no adverse effects from the cancers. The probability that this marked difference in tumour size could have come about by chance is exceedingly small. PMID- 43801 TI - Brain regional levels of neurotransmitter amines as neurochemical correlates of sex-specific ontogenesis in the rat. AB - Brain regional levels of three neurotransmitter amines - serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) - were measured in young rats prior to weaning to determine the extent to which modifications in levels of amines might reflect alterations in the sex steroid hormonal environment during the first postnatal week in the life of the rat. Sex-related levels of DA, NE, and 5-HT were found in some brain regions of the 12-day-old rat. Male midbrain DA exceeded the corresponding female value while female hypothalamic NE levels were greater than those of the male. Levels of 5-HT in the corpus striatum and the midbrain of males were greater than those of the female. Castration of the male on day 1 or testosterone propionate (TP) administration to the newborn female resulted in modifications of levels of midbrain 5-HT which reflected feminization of the castrated males and masculinization of the TP-treated females. Castration on day 1, or diethylstilbestrol given on days 2, 4, and 6, resulted in apparent feminization of NE levels in the hypothalamus of 12-day-old male rats. Thus, it appears that regional levels of hypothalamic NE and midbrain 5-HT in the 12-day old rat may reflect the course of brain organizational activity which becomes recognizable in the adult as sex-specific behavior. PMID- 43802 TI - Arterial or venous umbilical pH as a measure of neonatal morbidity? AB - Although umbilical arterial pH is usually used as a parameter of fetal asphyxia, blood samples are more easily obtainable from the umbilical vein. The relationships of both venous and arterial pH with Apgar scores and neonatal neurological assessment were compared. There was a good correlation between venous and arterial pH and the relationship between venous pH and Apgar scores was similar to that between arterial pH and Apgar scores. Venous pH did not appear to be inferior to arterial pH and Apgar scores in predicting neonatal neurological morbidity. PMID- 43803 TI - The pathochemistry of kernicterus. AB - The stoichiometry of bilirubin--albumin interaction has been analyzed and quantitated in several recent studies, confirming that albumin binding of bilirubin obeys the law of mass action [4, 5, 14, 16, 26, 36, 43, 46, 61, 65, 73, 92, 111]. These studies provide a basis for interpreting bilirubin transport, cell uptake and toxicity from physicochemical and pharmacologic perspectives [35, 42, 58, 59]. In this report, we propose a model of the pathogenesis of kernicterus which views serum albumin and tissue as competing with each other for binding the miscible bilirubin pool. Evidence is presented to show that bilirubin normally binds reversibly to cellular membranes and certain soluble enzymes just as it does to albumin; the unbound bilirubin concentration is the driving force for both albumin and tissue binding. We propose that albumin binding is determined by the concentration of free bilirubin anion (which is essentially unaffected by physiologic pH changes), and that tissue binding is mainly determined by the concentration of free bilirubin acid (which is greatly influenced by pH). When bilirubin--tissue complexes are formed, essential cell functions may be inhibited, producing cellular acidosis, irreversible intracellular aggregation of bilirubin, and cell death. In developing this argument, we will sequentially discuss relevant features of bilirubin chemistry, the binding of bilirubin to albumin, the formation of bilirubin--tissue complexes, bilirubin toxicity, alternative viewpoints of bilirubin transport, and, finally, the implications of this model to the clinical management of jaundiced infants. It should be emphasized that this paper is an attempt to analyze bilirubin transport and toxicity using basic chemical principles; it is an extension of previously published proposals [17, 77], and will undoubtedly require further modification as additional experimental data becomes available. PMID- 43804 TI - [Proceedings of the German EEG Society, 24th Annual Congress, Hannover, July 12 15, 1979. Part 2]. PMID- 43805 TI - [French Language Audiologists Group. 18-20 May 1978 meeting. Center for Audiophonology, U.C.L., Brussels]. PMID- 43806 TI - The pharmacokinetics and biotransformation of the new benzodiazepine lormetazepam in humans. I. Absorption, distribution, elimination and metabolism of lormetazepam-5-14C. AB - The pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the new benzodiazepine lormetazepam were investigated in five male volunteers using the 14C-labelled drug (position 5). Lormetazepam was administered intravenously and orally, at a dose of 0.2 and 2 mg respectively, to each of the test subjects. Measurements of total radioactivity showed that the drug was absorbed completely and eliminated almost exclusively by the renal route. Maximum plasma level of active ingredient and total radioactivity were observed about 2 hours and 5 hours following oral administration. As early as 30 min following oral administration, concentration of active ingredient amounted to 80% of the maximum values. After both treatments the terminal half-life of total radioactivity and lormetazepam glucuronide in plasma corresponded to the half-life of elimination in urine of about 13 hours. After enzymatic hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase/arylsulphatase, an average of 90% of total radioactivity from various urine and plasma samples was extractable with ether. Extracts from plasma contained only unchanged drug, indicating free and conjugated lormetazepam as ingredients of total radioactivity. Extracts from urine could be separated into lormetazepam and its N-demethylation derivative lorazepam. The relative amount of excreted lorazepam conjugate was demonstrated to be time-dependent, probably due to enterohepatic circulation. Since less than 6% of the total dose was demethylated by both routes of administration, it can be assumed that lormetazepam is the active product. PMID- 43807 TI - Maturation of bursal stem cells within allogeneic or syngeneic bursal microenvironment [proceedings]. PMID- 43808 TI - Intraembryonic mesenchyme as a source of lymphoid stem cells [proceedings]. PMID- 43809 TI - Endocrine changes in carcinoma. PMID- 43810 TI - [Clinical effects of alclofenac in the pain following tooth extraction--double blind tests]. PMID- 43811 TI - [Fluoridation in Japan: Interpretation of the optimum concentration in Japan]. PMID- 43812 TI - Effect of ionic strength and serum on the activity profile of bovine testicular hyaluronidase [proceedings]. PMID- 43813 TI - [Terminal intestine constipation, or anorectal dyschezia. French National Society of Proctology, Paris meeting of 4 February 1979]. PMID- 43814 TI - [3rd French language seminar of hepato-gastroenterology. Lyon, 13-16 March 1979. Abstracts]. PMID- 43815 TI - The N protein of bacteriophage lambda, defined by its DNA sequence, is highly basic. AB - Nucleotide sequence has been determined for the restriction fragments and cloned DNA from the pL-N-tL1 region of bacteriophage lambda. A unique reading frame for the N gene is defined by the absence of natural nonsense codons and by the presence of seven nonsense codons generated by mutations in N. This reading frame is initiated at two alternative ATG codons, the second of which is probably the in vivo translation start. Reading is stopped at a single TAG codon. The protein coded is therefore 133 or, more probably, 107 amino acids long, rich in lysine, arginine and proline. PMID- 43816 TI - Fetal heart rate in the second stage of labour. Method of interpretation and parameters of the new-born. AB - The authors present a protocol for the interpretation of the fetal heart rate during the second stage of labour (limited to the last 30 min before delivery). The FHR recordings were grouped according to five classes of increasing pathological significance. Good correlations were obtained between these classifications and the Apgar score as well as the umbilical artery pH. PMID- 43817 TI - [Skin lesions in graft versus host disease]. PMID- 43818 TI - [Antipneumococcal vaccine]. PMID- 43819 TI - Proteinase activity and agglutination of leukemia cells. AB - The proteinase activity was assayed in the leukemia cells L 1210 and in the ascites fluid with [3H] acetylated haemoglobin as a substrate. The proteinase activity at pH 4.1 increased in cells and in the ascites fluid with age of the tumor. The proteinase activity at pH 7.8 was low, but the enzyme activity in the cell homogenate increased between 5th and 7th day of the tumor growth and it was also present in the ascites fluid. It was observed that the leukemia cells aggregate in vivo and in vitro at pH values of the ascites fluid above pH 7.0. It was suggested, that the aggregation of leukemia cells is due to the tumor cell proteinase activity released to the ascites fluid. PMID- 43820 TI - Influence of sex hormones on gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity in rats serum with Morris hepatoma 5123 D. AB - The Stilbestrol treatment of the female rats with the Morris hepatoma 5123 D resulted in decrease of the gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGTP) activity in serum and in hepatoma, but only during the treatment. Given to the male rats under the same conditions, Stilbestrol had no influence on the GGTP activity. Castration of males was the cause of the GGTP activity decay in hepatoma and in serum, but it was not the case with females. Sustanon diminished the GGTP activity in serum of the female rats with hepatoma. PMID- 43821 TI - [Pharmacological properties of procaterol, a newly synthetized, specific beta 2 adrenoceptor stimulant. Part I. Effects on the CNS (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of procaterol (PRO) on the CNS were investigated in comparison with those of salbutamol (SAL) and isoproterenol (ISO). PRO, 15 to 50 mg/kg given subcutaneously suppressed spontaneous movement in mice, rats and rabbits and with a large dose, 1000 mg/kg, the animals became quiet and immobile. In dogs, PRO produced similar symptoms and in addition, there was nausea and vomiting. The animals recovered within 3--8 hours. ID50's in depressing spontaneous movement were 20.2 and 245 mg/kg for PRO, 51.1 and 133 mg/kg for SAL and 2.37 and 143 mg/kg for ISO, respectively, both by the subcutaneous and oral routes of administration. Methamphetamine induced increase in motility and fighting behavior was also suppressed by PRO when similar doses were given. PRO had no effect on coordinating movement, halothane anesthesia, drug and electric stimulation induced convulsions and body temperature, and there was no muscle relaxant action. However, PRO in large doses prolonged sleeping time with hexobarbital. The analgesic effect of PRO was not observed with Haffner's and Landall Selitto's methods but acetic acid induced writhing was suppressed by PRO. PRO had little effect on spontaneous EEGs either cortical or from deep structures, and EEG arousal responses. The effects of PRO on the CNS were slight and nonspecific, and similar to those of SAL and ISO. PMID- 43823 TI - [The antiallergic effect of Balkis. A rhino-manometric study]. AB - The antiallergic and decongestive effects of the common cold preparation Balkis was tested by rhinomanometry in human volunteers usually suffering from allergic rhinitis after oral treatment. The nasal irritation in these patients was induced by administration of the specific allergen. This kind of test is especially appropriate for the control of drugs in cases of ordinary colds, as the test conditions are reproducible in symptomatically similar cases. The rhinomanometrical control of the respiratory resistance was carried out before and after an allergenic exposal as well as before and after administration of Balkis and allergenic exposal in 30 patients (17 females, 13 males; 9-49 years old). It is shown that Balkis had a good to satisfactory antiallergic effect in 67% of all cases. In 33% of the cases the antiallergic effect was not evident. This result confirms objectively the good antiallergic effect of this common cold preparation by oral administration. Balkis was well tolerated in all of the 30 patients. The symptoms of slight fatigue which appeared in 1/3 of all cases were only transitory. PMID- 43822 TI - [Pharmacological properties of procaterol, a newly synthesized, specific beta 2 adrenoceptor stimulant. Part II. Effects on the peripheral organs (author's transl)]. AB - Pharmacological properties of procaterol (PRO) in the peripheral organs were examined in comparison with those of sulbutamol (SAL) and isoproterenol (ISO). PRO slightly enhanced twitch tension of the tibialis anterior muscle but affected little the mono- and poly-synaptic spinal reflexes and ganglionic transmission. PRO depressed spontaneous contractions of the isolated ileum, non-pregnant and pregnant uterus and also the gastrointestinal and uterine movements in vivo. PRO prolonged the time of peroral charcoal transport in the intestine. Potencies of PRO in producing these effects were between those of ISO and SAL except those on the uterus in which PRO was more potent than ISO and SAL. Pro depressed gastric and bile secretion but had no effect on pancreatic secretion. ISO, PRO and SAL reduced resistance of the common carotid, femoral and renal arteries and the relative potencies of PRO and SAL to ISO were significantly less in the renal artery than in the other arteries. In accelerating heart rate in conscious rats and dogs, PRO (p.o. or s.c.) was almost equipotent to SAL. Urine flow, GFR, RPF, free water and osmolar clearance and also excretion of electrolytes were reduced by PRO with the concomitant fall of systemic blood pressure. PRO has no effect on blood coagulation and hemolysis but inhibited carrageenin edema and an increase in permeability of blood vessels induced by acetic acid. PRO had no alpha adrenolytic, cholinolytic and anti-histaminic effects. PMID- 43824 TI - [Azathioprine in rheumatology]. AB - The indication for azathioprine (Imurek) has to be strictly adjusted, but amongst the immunosuppresive drugs it is without doubt the best tolerated substance and- provided that regular controls are carried out--is therefore also suitable for long-term treatment in practice. PMID- 43825 TI - [New pathways and new hopes in diseases of the lymphatic system. Report of the 7th International Congress on Lymphology, 28 October - 2 November 1979 in Florence]. PMID- 43826 TI - Insulin effect in vivo on the activity of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase in adipose tissue of rats fed a low or a high-fat diet. PMID- 43828 TI - Feedback-controlled and preprogrammed insulin infusion in diabetes mellitus. Workshop Schloss Reisensburg 1978. PMID- 43827 TI - Urinary adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in normal and cryptorchid boys. AB - The 24-hour urinary excretion of cyclic AMP was determined in 102 normal boys aged 1.9-16.9 years and in 136 cryptorchids aged 2.5-16.9 years. A marked increase of the normal cyclic AMP excretion was found in pubertal years. There was a positive correlation between urinary excretion of cyclic AMP and the excretion of testosterone, androstenedione, LH and FSH. A positive correlation was also found between cyclic AMP excretion and height and weight, respectively. Mean cyclic AMP excretion of bilateral and unilateral cryptorchids was normal in all bone age groups except in unilateral cases with bone age 8-9.9 years and bone aged greater than or equal to 14 years. In these two groups, mean cyclic AMP excretion was moderately increased. After HCG stimulation of 25 cryptorchids, urinary cyclic AMP excretion varied between increased, unchanged and decreased values. The cyclic AMP excretion changes observed in some of our patients were difficult to interpret and were possibly of unspecific nature. Further information about the testiclar cyclic AMP secretion and the relationship between this nucleotide and sexual hormones may be obtained from studies in testicular biopsy tissue. PMID- 43829 TI - Insulin treatment during diabetic coma with an artificial endocrine pancreas. PMID- 43830 TI - Computer-controlled bedside monitoring and infusion system. AB - A mult-channel system for continuous bedside monitoring of glucose, pH pCO2 and automatic computer-controlled infusion of insulin, glucose, potassium, and bicarbonate solutions is described. Regulatory algorithms are presented for correction of metabolic acidosis and hyperglycemia with and without acidosis. PMID- 43831 TI - Personality development in two cultures, adapted from a series of papers presented in a Special Symposium at the XXIst International Congress of Psychology, Paris, France, July 18--25, 1976. PMID- 43832 TI - Metabolic patterns in physiological activity of the gastric mucosa. PMID- 43833 TI - Degradation of cerebroside sulphate by arylsulphatase A from chicken & sheep brain. PMID- 43834 TI - Studies on a pituitary factor which stimulates DNA synthesis in isolated thymocytes: Part IV--Effect of PF on the cell size of thymocytes. PMID- 43835 TI - Demonstration & purification of three fatty acid synthetases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. PMID- 43836 TI - A study of human behaviour influencing man-mosquito contact, and of mosquito biting activity on children in a south Indian village community. PMID- 43837 TI - Certain biochemical characteristics of rat amniotic fluid. PMID- 43838 TI - The Society for Research in Rehabilitation. Proceedings of the Scientific Meeting held 5-6 July 1979 at Castles Leazes Halls, University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. PMID- 43839 TI - Hydrogen-tritium exchange titration of the histidine residues in bovine heart cytochrome c and analysis of their microenvironment. AB - Microenvironments of the three histidine residues located at the positions 18, 26, and 33 from the amino terminus in bovine heart cytochrome c were analysed in solution by the hydrogen-tritium exchange titration method, which has been developed in this laboratory. Histidine-18, which is liganded to the heme iron, and histidine-26 did not incorporate tritium in native state, indicating that the two are located in solvent inaccessible hydrophobic regions. Histidine-33 was labeled with tritium to an appreciable extent and seemed to be partially buried in the molecule. The pKa value estimated for histidine-33 was 6.1 at 37 degrees by the tritium exchange titration, suggesting that the residue interacts very weakly with a neighboring cationic group. These results seem to be compatible with the tertiary structure of the protein deduced from the X-ray crystallographic analysis. PMID- 43840 TI - Formation of aminosuccinyl peptides during acidolytic deprotection followed by their transformation to piperazine-2,5-dione derivatives in neutral media. AB - Prolonged acidic treatment of Boc-Leu-Asp(OBut)-Phe-NH2 with 4N HCl in acetic acid resulted in H-Leu-Asc-Phe-NH2 . HCl(Asc, aminosuccinyl), which transformed partially to cyclo[Leu-Asp(Phe-NH2)] during its purification by column chromatography on silica gel with a mixture of ethyl acetate/pyridine/acetic acid/water = 60:20:6:11, i.e. in neutral medium. Examination of the imide formation was extended to different reaction conditions (no imide derivative was detected in trifluoroacetic acid), to several protected derivatives of L-aspartyl L-phenylalaninamide and to tripeptides containing an aspartyl residue in the middle position. It was clearly demonstrated that in strongly acidic media the imide derivatives are directly formed from the aspartyl peptides containing a free beta-carboxyl group. The influence of the C-terminal residue was greater than the N-terminal on both the rate of formation of the imide and its further transformation to piperazine-2,5-dione derivative. In aqueous ethanol the X-Asc-Y NH2 (X, Pro, Leu; Y, Gly, Ala, Val, Phg, Phe) containing N-terminal proline are more readily transformed to piperazine-2,5-dione derivatives, but compared to simple proline dipeptides the rate of this transformation is relatively slow because of the crowdedness of the tricyclic transitional state. PMID- 43841 TI - The localization of hepatitis viruses in tissues. PMID- 43842 TI - Relationship of the actions of neuroleptic drugs to the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 43843 TI - Binding and iontophoretic studies on centrally active amino acids--a search for physiological receptors. PMID- 43844 TI - Presynaptic inhibition: transmitter and ionic mechanisms. PMID- 43845 TI - Microquantitation of neurotransmitters in specific areas of the central nervous system. PMID- 43846 TI - Physiology of glia: glial-neuronal interactions. PMID- 43847 TI - Neuroleptics and brain self-stimulation behavior. PMID- 43848 TI - Short colon associated with the prune belly syndrome. PMID- 43849 TI - [Discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs in chronic schizophrenic patients. II. Psychological and psychopathological test differences between patients with and without relapse]. AB - After the discontinuation of the neuroleptic treatment (open design), 10 out of 30 hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients showed before the end of 4 weeks a significant increase of their symptomatology. This deterioration made the application of neuroleptics necessary. Before the discontinuation of the neuroleptic treatment the group of patients with later relapse and the group without relapse showed only slight differences concerning psychopathological symptoms but significant differences concerning test performance. After 2 weeks without medication a pronounced impairment of performance was found in patients with later relapse. At this time the two groups showed no more significant differences in the psychological tests. At the same time significant differences concerning the psychopathological symptoms had developed. PMID- 43850 TI - Third report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Classification and nomenclature of viruses. PMID- 43851 TI - Is your sleeping tablet really necessary? PMID- 43852 TI - Alternatives to drugs. Biofeedback. PMID- 43853 TI - Alternatives to drugs. Interna ional symposium, Dublin 1979. PMID- 43854 TI - [Necrotizing vasculitis: its manifestation as urticaria]. AB - A case of urticarial vasculitis, a distinct form of necrotizing vasculitis is described. This entity is characterized by a chronic, persistent urticaria with petechiae and the histological features of necrotizing vasculitis. Serum complement is depressed and multisystem involvement can often be found. There is evidence for immune complexes to play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 43855 TI - Report two: "I am me survey". PMID- 43856 TI - Modeling: prevention showcase. National Drug Abuse Conference, 1978: an international view of drug abuse. PMID- 43857 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the ninth meeting of the Scandinavian Association of Geneticists June 5-7, 1979, Umea, Sweden. PMID- 43858 TI - Mucous glycoproteins of teleostean fish: a comparative histochemical study. AB - To examine the hypothesis that the histochemical characteristics of teleostean mucus reflect functional characteristics, mucous cells were studied in four related and behaviourally similar species of fish (Family Belontidae). Histochemical characteristics were determined with Alcian Blue at both pH 2.6 and pH 1.0 followed by the periodic acid-Schiff technique. It was found that the four species differed in glycoprotein type as well as in number of mucus-containing cells. The differences are discussed in regard to functional characteristics and environmental influence. PMID- 43860 TI - Central chemical regulation of respiration in term newborn. AB - The role of the medullary H+-sensitive chemoreceptors on the drive of breathing was studied in 10 unanesthetized newborn animals (8 lambs and 2 kids). The experiment consisted of sequential measurements of ventilation (VE) during a progressive change in the arterial pH (pHa) and in the pH of the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (pHCSF), induced by intravenous infusion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) followed after an 8-h steady state of acidosis by rapid bicarbonate [HCO3-] infusion. It is shown that a rapid change in [HCO3-]CSF occurs during the infusion of HCl or NaHCO3. As a consequence both CSF and arterial pH change in the the same direction and large changes in pHCSF (from 7.331 to 7.227) were observed. Such CSF acidosis did not contribute to further increase VE beyond the level by hyperventilation induced by the initial fall of pHa. The ventilatory response to the decrease in pHa was found to fall off with moderate to severe acidosis (pHa less than 7.20). In conclusion, this study demonstrates an instability of the pHCSF during neonatal metabolic acidosis and it suggests an immaturity of both the H+-sensitive medullary and peripheral chemoreceptors in the 8-day-old newborns. PMID- 43859 TI - Enzyme histochemical characteristics of human and kitten odontoclasts and kitten osteoclasts: a comparative study using whole cells. AB - Methods for the histochemical demonstration of enzymes in whole cell preparations of odontoclasts and osteoclasts are described. Enzyme histochemical characteristics of human and kitten odontoclasts from resorbing primary teeth and of osteoclasts from kitten femur metaphyses were determined and compared. The enzyme profiles, times for the appearance of detectable reaction product, intensity of the reactions and localization of the reaction products were similar in all three types of giant cell. These findings suggest that odontoclasts have enzyme properties and metabolic functions similar to those of osteoclasts. Species differences appear to be minor, although the NADP-dependent enzymes are less active in human than in kitten odontoclasts. Both odontoclasts and osteoclasts are rich in enzymes concerned with energy production and possess considerable activity of enzymes usually associated with catabolic functions. Metabolic pathways are well developed in respect of the utilization of succinic, malic, glutamic, lactic and isocitric acids, beta-hydroxybutyric acid and glucose 6-phosphate, and they also possess phosphatases, non-specific esterases and leucine naphthylamidase. The distribution of enzyme reaction products for the individual enzymes demonstrated is consistent with the presence in these cells of large numbers of mitochondria and lysosome-like organelles. Considerable phosphatase activity is demonstrable in both odontoclasts and osteoclasts at both neutral and acid pH. PMID- 43861 TI - Proceedings of the Anatomical Society of Southern Africa. July 1978. PMID- 43862 TI - Abstracts: American Society of Animal Science. PMID- 43863 TI - Tetroxoprim--a new inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 43864 TI - European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer. Symposium on the diagnosis of liver metastases; held in Brussels, November 29--December 1, 1978. Abstract. PMID- 43865 TI - Fertility in adolescence: proceedings of the 7th International Planned Parenthood Federation Biomedical Workshop, London, November 17-18, 1977. PMID- 43866 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of catecholamines and their congeners with simple acids as ion-pairing reagents. AB - We have investigated the value of various common acids as ion-pairing reagents for high-efficiency separations of catecholamines and their metabolites in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The retention of norepinephrine, alpha-methylnorepinephrine, dopamine, alpha-methyldopamine, L dopa, alpha-methyldopa, dihydroxybenzylamine, epinephrine, carbidopa and DOPAC was measured in mobile phases composed of nitric, sulfuric, acetic and trichloroacetic acids at pH 2-5 and anion concentrations ranging from 5-500 mM. The solute capacity ratios were dependent on the hydrophobicity and concentration of the ion-pairing reagent and the pH of the mobile phase. Good retention, peak symmetry and high efficiency (3000 theoretical plates for 300 mm) was found for mobile phases composed of the strong inorganic acids and trichloroacetic acid. Chromatography was compared to that seen using the detergent sodium octylsulfate. Trichloroacetic acid gave retention and efficiency similar to sodium octylsulfate. These experiments show that simple acids can replace alkylsulfates as ion-pairing reagents for the separation of the catecholamines and their metabolites. PMID- 43867 TI - Interaction of arylsulphatase-A with SP-Sephadex. A note on the isolation of arylsulphatase-A from human urine. PMID- 43868 TI - Gas chromatographic data of 31 benzodiazepines and metabolites. PMID- 43869 TI - A rapid bile solubility test for pneumococci. PMID- 43870 TI - Pharmacokinetics of nadolol, a beta-receptor antagonist: administration of therapeutic single- and multiple-dosage regimens to hypertensive patients. PMID- 43872 TI - Transcription of the opening plenary session of the World Conference on Vegetable Food Proteins. PMID- 43871 TI - Abstracts of the Scientific programs of the American College Health Association fifty-seventh annual meeting May 22-25, 1979, Washington, D.C. PMID- 43873 TI - Vegetable protein legislation: an industry perspective. PMID- 43878 TI - Morphology of the antibody response to pneumococcal polysaccharide in mice. AB - In the course of an antibody immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharide - type III (S III) in mice a slight increase was observed in the proportion of plasma cells among the antibody-producing cells, reaching its peak at the time of decline of this reaction. On the basis of ultrastructural resemblance of these plasma cells to primitive reticular cells and in view of other specificities of the immunological response to S III antigen, the author presumes direct reticular origin of anti-S III antibody-producing plasma cells. PMID- 43879 TI - [The 31th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Association for Thoracic Surgery (Part two) (author's transl)]. PMID- 43880 TI - Dopaminergic control of oxytocin release in lactating rats. AB - During suckling, anaesthetized lactating rats release regular (about every 7 min) but brief pulses of oxytocin (0.5--1.0 mu.) which produce single transient increases in intramammary pressure. Drugs which selectively impair synaptic transmission were used to determine the role of dopamine and noradrenaline in regulating this natural reflex. Diethyldithiocarbamate (100--200 mg/kg, i.v.) and alpha-methylparatyrosine (100--400 mg/kg, i.v.) which inhibit the synthesis of catecholamines both blocked the suckling-induced release of oxytocin. The milk ejection reflex was also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the intravenous administration of the dopamine antagonists, fluphenazine (0.7 mg/kg), pimozide (1.4 mg/kg), cis-dupenthixol (4.5 mg/kg) and metoclopramide (6.0 mg/kg), and caused a significant inhibition P less than 0.01) of the reflex in 50% of the rats tested. The alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist phenoxybenzamine (1.4 mg/kg) was similarly effective. Dopamine (40 micrograms), bromocriptine (10 micrograms), apomorphine (100 micrograms), noradrenaline (10 micrograms) and phenylephrine (2 micrograms) injected into the cerebral ventricles evoked a sustained release of oxytocin which produced multiple increases in intramammary pressure; isoprenaline (4 micrograms) was ineffective. The release of oxytocin evoked by dopamine and noradrenaline was prevented by cis-flupenthixol and phenoxygenzamine respectively. None of the drugs used affected the mammary sensitivity to exogenous oxytocin nor were their actions modified by pretreatment with propranolol (1 mg/kg). The results suggest that the neural pathway for the reflex release of oxytocin during suckling in the rat contains both dopaminergic and noradrenergic synapses, the latter acting through alpha-adrenoceptors and being distal in the pathway to the dopaminergic component. PMID- 43881 TI - Mechanism of inhibition of active potassium transport in isolated midgut of Manduca sexta by Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin. AB - After incubation at pH 10 or higher, Bacillus thuringiensis spores and endotoxin, at concentrations above 0.1 IU/ml, affected transport parameters in the isolated midgut of Manduca sexta larvae. (Toxic activity was lost during roughly 1 week at pH 11.) About 60% of the short-circuit current was inhibited, and the remainder was reversibly inhibited by anoxia. Electrical resistance was reduced by about 55% and oxygen uptake stimulated by about 30%. Influx of potassium from blood side to lumen-side ('active' flux) was unaffected but flux in the reverse direction was nearly tripled. These results suggest that hydrolysis of the toxin yields an inhibitor of potassium transport, presumably a polypeptide. It is argued that inhibition is not primarily by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, but instead by interference with an active depression of the efflux of potassium from lumen-side to blood-side. PMID- 43882 TI - Pharmacological properties of axonal sodium channels in the cockroach Periplaneta americana L. II. Slowing of sodium current turn-off by Condylactis toxin. AB - Condylactis toxin induces a prolonged falling phase in action potentials recorded from giant axons of the cockroach Periplaneta americana L. A distinct plateau potential can be recorded in the presence of Condylactis toxin at concentrations of 0.5 mg/ml and above. In cockroach axons, voltage-clamp experiments show that Condylactis toxin acts primarily by slowing the sodium current turn-off without affecting either the time-course of the sodium conductance increase or the peak amplitude of the transient sodium current. PMID- 43883 TI - Brain protease activity after experimental head injury. AB - In an experimental series on twelve cats, activity changes of brain cell proteolytic activity were measured two hours after a blunt head injury without hematoma or contusions. Protease activity was estimated in two different brain tissue homogenate supernatants containing total soluble and only cytoplasmic activity without proteases in cell organelles, respectively. Total activity was doubled two hours after injury in the acid and the neural pH-range, in comparison to control values. Free soluble activity was doubled in the acid and increased to the threefold value in the neutral range. From these data, it seems that two different changes appear in lysosomes, the enzyme-reservoir of the cell: (1) Enzyme-synthesis is increased after trauma, measured as augmentation of total soluble protease activity in our experiments; (2) Breakage or increased permeability of lysosomes lead to augmentation of especially neutral proteases in the cytoplasm followed by the well known autolytic areas of generalized traumatic brain edema. PMID- 43885 TI - Complexes of technetium with pyrophosphate, etidronate, and medronate. AB - The reduction of [99Tc]pertechnetate was studied as a function of pH in complexing media of pyrophosphate, methylene diphosphonate (MDP), and ethane-1, hydroxy-1, and 1-diphosphonate (HEDP). Tast (sampled d-c) and normal-pulse polarography were used to study the reduction of pertechnetate, and normal-pulse polarography (sweeping in the anodic direction) to study the reoxidation of the products. Below pH 6 TcO4-was reduced to Tc(III), which could be reoxidized to Tc(IV). Above pH 10, TcO4-was reduced in two steps to Tc(V) and Tc(IV), each of which could be reoxidized to TcO4-. Between pH 6 and 10 the results differed according to the ligand present. In pyrophosphate and MDP, TcO4- was reduced in two steps to Tc(IV) and Tc(III); Tc(III) could be reoxidized in two steps to Tc(IV) and TcO4-. In HEDP, on the other hand, TcO4- was reduced in two steps to Tc(V) and Tc(III), and could be reoxidized to Tc(IV) and TcO4-. Additional waves were observed; they apparently led to unstable products. PMID- 43884 TI - Receptor-binding radiotracers: a class of potential radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 43886 TI - Society of Nuclear Medicine. Proceedings of the 26th Annual Meeting, Atlanta 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 43887 TI - [The bacteriological findings between the middle ear and the pharynx in cases of acute suppurative otitis media (author's transl)]. PMID- 43888 TI - [Effect of the electrolyte concentration on the pH of sodium chondroitin sulfate in aqueous solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 43889 TI - Intracellular pH and the distribution of weak acids and bases in isolated rat superior cervical ganglia. AB - 1. The steady-state intracellular/extracellular concentration ratios (Ci/Co) of a number of radiolabelled weak bases in isolated rat superior cervical ganglia were measured. 2. Observed values for Ci/Co (mean +/- S.E. of mean) were [3H]nicotine, 6.17 +/- 0.12; [14C]morphine, 6.08 +/- 0.14 [3H]atropine, 7.10 +/- 0.16; [14C]trimethylamine, 6.73 +/- 0.13; [14C]procaine, 10.13 +/- 0.26. If Ci/Co were determined by the transmembrane pH gradient, the intracellular pH (pHi) appropriate to these concentration gradients lay between 6.4 and 6.6 at an extracellular pH (pHo) of 7.4. 3. the steady-state value of Ci/Co for the weak acid 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidinedione (DMO) was 0.87 +/- 0.007. The appropriate pHi was 7.31 +/- 0.003. 4. The difference between the values of pHi calculated from the distribution of the weak bases and of DMO could not be attributed to (i) experimental error, (ii) partial permeation of protonated base, (iii) intracellular binding or carrier-mediated transport of base, (iv) lipid uptake of base or (v) different pK'a inside and outside cells. 5. The difference between the measurements of pHi made with DMO and nicotine (pHDMO-pHnic) was reduced or abolished by uncoupling agents, which act as transmembrane proton carriers. This effect was not reproduced by respiratory inhibitors or by exposure to lactate. 6. pHDMO-pHnic was small (less than 0.1 units) in human erythrocytes, which contain no intracellular organelles, and was exaggerated (1.0 unit) in slices of lipid depleted brown adipose tissue which contained an abundance of mitochondria. 7. It is concluded that the different values of pHi determined using weak acids and bases arise from the presence of membrane-bound intracellular compartments of differing pH, and that where the use of pH-sensitive micro-electrodes is impracticable, it is desirable to measure pHi with both a weak acid and a weak base unless these can be shown equal over a wide range of pHi values. PMID- 43890 TI - Light induced changes of internal pH in a barnacle photoreceptor and the effect of internal pH on the receptor potential. AB - 1. Intracellular pH (pH1) was measured in Balanus photoreceptors using pH sensitive glass micro-electrodes. The average pH1 of twelve photoreceptors which had been dark adapted for at least 30 min was 7.3 +/- 0.07 (S.D.). 2. Illumination reduced the recorded pH1 by as much as 0.2 pH unit. The change in pH1 was graded with light intensity. 3. When the cells were exposed to CO2 in the dark, pH1 declined monophasically. Saline equilibrated with 2% CO2; 98% O2 produced a steady reduction in pH1 of about 0.25 unit in 2--3 min. The buffering capacity of the receptor cell cytoplasm calculated from such experiments is approximately 15 slykes. 4. In the presence of HCO3-1, CO2 saline produced smaller, biphasic changes in pH1. 5. The membrane depolarization produced by a bright flash (depolarizing receptor potential) was reversibly reduced in the presence of external CO2 or by injection of H+. Iontophoretic injection of HCO2- increased the amplitude of the receptor potential. 6. In individual cells there was a close correlation between the amplitude of the receptor potential and pH1. 7. Saline equilibrated with CO2 reduced the light induced current (recorded under voltage-clamp) by 40--50% without affecting its reversal potential. 8. Exposure of the receptor to 95% CO2 saline for several minutes (pH0 5.5) not only abolished the receptor potential but also reversibly decreased the K conductance of the membrane in the dark. These effects were not reproduced by pH0 5.5 buffered saline or by a 5 min exposure to saline equilibrated with N2. 9. It is suggested that changes in pH1 induced by light modulate the sensitivity of the receptor under physiological conditions. PMID- 43891 TI - Growth and differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi cultivated with a Triatoma infestans embryo cell line. AB - Trypanosoma cruzi strain Peru was cultivated in the presence of an established cell line of Triatoma infestans embryo cells (TI- 32). Bloodstream trypomastigotes differentiated into amastigote-like cells (first differentiation phase) which multiplied to form large clusters of cells. Because of their clustering nature, a new term, "staphylomastigotes," has been proposed for this stage. After 10 days of cultivation, 90% of the staphylomastigotes underwent differentiation (2nd differentiation phase) to trypomastigotes (approximately 98%) or epimastigotes (approximately 2%). Bloodstream trypomastigotes cultivated without TI-32 cells underwent the first, but not the 2nd differentiation phase, although occasional epimastogotes were seen (less than 1%). The evidence presented suggests that TI-32 cells produce a labile factor(s) important not only for initiation of the 2nd differentiation phase but also for maintaining the parasites in the trypomastigote stage. The pH of the culture medium was not the initiating factor for the 2nd differentiation phase. Infectivity studies indicated that staphylomastigotes were as infective as blood stream trypomastigotes, but that metacyclic trypomastigotes isolated from culture after the 2nd differentiation phase were slightly more infective than bloodstream forms. Electromicrographs of styphylomastigotes do not provide any evidence of exchange of genetic material between cells. PMID- 43892 TI - Secretion of hexosaminidase isozymes by Tetrahymena. AB - Tetrahymena pyriformis strain HSM secrete large quantities of lysosomal acid hydrolases into the medium. The finding that 2 isozymes of beta-N acetylhexosaminidase (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucoside acetamidodeoxyglucohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.30) could be resolved by DEAE ion exchange chromatography and of possible differences between the secreted mixture and the intralysosomal hexosaminidase activity suggested that Tetrahymena might prove useful for studies of the control of lysosomal hydrolase isozyme secretion. In the present paper, we report a considerable purification of these isozymes and describe a number of their kinetic properties. Four isozymes were isolated into 2 major forms, A1 and B1, and 2 minor forms, A2 and B2, which were similar to the respective major forms in all kinetic properties tested. Hexosaminidase B1 has a molecular weight of approximately 93,000 daltons and is inhibited by high concentrations of p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide. The inhibition is reversed by ethanol. Hexosaminidase B1 has a molecular weight of approximately 93,000 daltons and is inhibited by high concentrations of p-nitrophenyl-N-acetyl beta-D-glucosaminide. The inhibition is reversed by ethanol. Hexosaminidase A1 has a molecular weight of approximately 170,000 and is not inhibited by high concentrations of substrate. The A forms are relatively less active against p nitrophenyl-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide than the B forms. Neither hexosaminidases A1 or B1 has any endo-beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity. Comparison of the properties of the 2 major isozymes suggested that measurements of activity obtained under different assay conditions could be used to quantitate the amount of each isozyme in a mixture of the two. Log- and early stationary phase cells secrete approximately 20% of isozyme A and 80% of isozyme B into the medium or into a dilute salt solution. With increasing culture age the fraction of isozyme A secreted rises to over 90%. Supplementation of the proteose-peptone growth medium with glucose causes a decrease in total hexosaminidase subsequently secreted but with no change in proportion of each isozyme. Cells suspended in a dilute salt solution containing 0.1 mM L-propranolol secrete slightly more isozyme A than do control cells suspended without L-propranolol. Phenoxybenzamine (0.2 mM) causes a slight decrease in the proportion of isozyme A released. PMID- 43893 TI - Effect of structure on phenothiazine cation radical reactions in aqueous buffers. AB - The reactions of the cation radicals of 11 phenothiazine tranquilizers were examined in mildly acidic aqueous buffers. Of the 11, those having an aminopropyl side chain in the 10 position reacted to form 0.5 mol of sulfoxide and 0.5 mol of parent drug per mole of initial radical. Cation radicals with different side chains react to form additional products, which remain to be identified but probably result from hydroxylation of the phenothiazine ring. The decay kinetics of three of the cation radicals undergoing reactions with known stoichiometry, namely, chloropromazine, promazine, and triflupromazine, were studied in detail, and it was concluded that they all react via the same mechanism. The mechanism involves attack of the cation radical by a nucleophile, and radicals with electron-withdrawing groups in the 2 position react more quickly. Since the cation radicals with faster reaction rates with nucleophiles are more pharmacologically active, it is hypothesized that the cation radical-nucleophile interaction may be responsible for binding of phenothiazines to receptor proteins. PMID- 43894 TI - N-[(Tetrahydrofuryl)alkyl] and N-(alkoxyalkyl) derivatives of (-)-normetazocine, compounds with differentiated opioid action profiles. PMID- 43896 TI - The normal microbial flora of the baboon vagina. AB - The microbial flora of the upper vagina and cervix was examined in 38 adult baboons at various stages of the menstrual cycle. The mean number of different species isolated from each baboon was 9.5, with species of Bacteroides, Corynebacterium and group D streptococci predominating. Lactobacilli and mycoplasmas were found in 47.4 and 44.7% of the animals, respectively. No ureaplasms were isolated. Cyclical variations in the microbial flora were minimal. PMID- 43895 TI - In vitro studies on adenomatosis of the colon and rectum. AB - Cell culture studies on adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR) suggested that the clinical phenotype, colonic adenomas which become malignant recognised as a single clinical entity, may not be entirely the result of a single dominant mutation. Of the dermal cultures containing both epithelioid and fibroblastic cells established from six affected subjects from six unrelated ACR families, four showed increased tetraploidy and two did not. Of similar cultures established from four affected subjects form families with ACR associated with sebaceous cysts in consecutive generations, three did and one did not have increased tetraploidy. Irrespective of the in vivo relationship of increased tetraploidy to colonic cancer, the cultures from seven ACR patients had populations of tetraploid cells, at least in vitro, with chromosome instability. Such a difference in expression of the ACR genotype in vitro suggested genetic heterogeneity within this clinically defined group. PMID- 43897 TI - The shape of red blood cells as a function of membrane potential and temperature. AB - It is well known that a pH shift of the outside medium from 5 to 9 produces a shape transformation of washed human red blood cells from stomatocytes to echinocytes in isotonic salt solutions. In addition, a stomatocytogenic effect is demonstrated here due to solutions of low ionic strength (below 70 mM). An analysis of the true cell state in these situations, proved by measurements of predicted volume changes, indicates a good correlation between transmembrane potential and cell shape. The fact that amphotericin B acts as echinocytogenic agent in low ionic strength medium at pH 7.4 but not at pH 5.1 underlines this explanation. Therefore, a transmembrane potential positive inside produces stomatocytes, slightly negative inside (below--10 mV), normocytes, and strongly negative, echinocytes. The temperature dependence of this process underlines the rigidity-pattern hypothesis of red blood cell shape (Glaser & Leitmannova, 1975, 1977). PMID- 43898 TI - Studies on lithium transport across the red cell membrane. V. On the nature of the Na+-dependent Li+ countertransport system of mammalian erythrocytes. AB - Ouabain-resistant Na+-Li+ countertransport was studied on erythrocytes of man, sheep, rabbit, and beef. A transport system, exchanging Li+ for Na+ in a ratio of 1:1, was present in all four species. Li+ uptake by the exchange system increased 30-fold in the order man less than HK-sheep less than LK-sheep less than rabbit less than LK-beef. This order is identical to that of ouabain-resistant Na+-Na+ exchange in these species, but bears no relation to the Na+-K+ pump activity. The activity of the Na+-Li+ exchange system varied up to 7 and 16-fold among individual red cell specimens from man and beef, the variability being much smaller in sheep and rabbit erythrocytes. The affinities of the system for Li+ and Na+ were similar among the species and individuals (half saturation of the external site at about 1 mM Li+ and 50 mM Na+, respectively). 50-60% of Na+-Li+ exchange was blocked by N-ethylmaleimide in all species. p-Chloromercuribenzene sulfonate inhibited the exchange only in beef and sheep erythrocytes (60-80%). The two SH-reagents act by decreasing the maximum activity of the system, whilst leaving its affinity for Li+ unaltered. Phloretin was a potent inhibitor in all species. 1 mM each of furosemide, ethacrynic acid, and quinidine induced only a slight inhibition. The Na+-Li+ exchange of human and beef erythrocytes increased 3.5-fold upon elevation of the extracellular pH from 6 to 8.5, the pH-dependence arising from a change in affinity of the system for the cations and being similar to that reported for ouabain-resistant Na+-Na+ exchange in beef erythrocytes. It is concluded that a transport system exists in the red cell membranes of the four species which can mediate ouabain-resistant exchange of either Na+ for Na+, Na+ for Li+, or Li+ for Li+. The exchange system exhibits essentially identical transport characteristics in the four species, but shows a marked inter- and intra-species variability in maximum transport capacity and some differences in susceptibility towards inhibitors. A similar transport system is probably present also in other tissues. The exchange system seems to be distinct from the conventional Na+-K+ pump and shows no clear relation to one of the furosemide sensitive, ouabain-resistant Na+ transport systems described in the literature. PMID- 43899 TI - Sulfatide content and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity of skin and gill during larval development of the Chilean frog, Calyptocephalella caudiverbera. AB - The sulfatide content, phospholipid concentration, and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity from skin and gills of different stages of larval development of Calyptocephalella caudiverbera (a Chilean frog) were analyzed. Additionally, the short-circuit current in skin was studied. When skin and gills, depending on the stage of larval development, present (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity, they have a high ratio of sulfatide to amount of membrane and the phosphatidylserine concentration remains unchanged. Sulfatide content and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity in skin are in direct relationship with the level of sodium flux present during development. The specific enzymatic hydrolysis of sulfatide with partially purified arylsulfatase of pig kidney inhibits 100% of the ouabain-sensitive (Na+ + K+) ATPase. The ouabain-insensitive ATPase remains virtually unchanged with the treatment, even with a high concentration of arylsulfatase or with ouabain present in the medium. These experiments strongly suggest a role of sulfatides in the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activity and, as a consequence, in sodium ion transport. PMID- 43900 TI - An experimental procedure for increasing the structural resolution of chemical hydrogen-exchange measurements on proteins: application to ribonuclease S peptide. PMID- 43901 TI - Allosteric properties and the association equilibria of hemocyanin from Callianassa californiensis. PMID- 43902 TI - Base-pair opening and closing reactions in the double helix. A stopped-flow hydrogen exchange study in poly(rA).poly(rU). PMID- 43903 TI - Interpretations of the effects of pH on the spectra of purple membrane. PMID- 43904 TI - Crystallization of deoxyhemoglobin S by fiber alignment and fusion. PMID- 43906 TI - [Changes of some enzymes in small intestinal mucosa of rats after chronic ethanol ingestion (author's transl)]. PMID- 43905 TI - Compositional relatedness of aldehyde reductases from several species. AB - The amino acid compositions of several monomeric NADPH-dependent aldehyde reductases from a variety of species have been determined and analyzed by the difference index method of Metzger et al. (1968). The difference indexes among mammals range from 4.15 - 6.10 indicating considerable homology. Comparison of chicken aldehyde reductase with mammalian aldehyde reductases gave values in the range 6.8 - 9.9 suggesting a close relationship whereas the difference indexes for the enzymes from fruit fly and Baker's yeast versus vertebrate aldehyde reductases (10.9 - 14.4) indicate more distant relationships. The extent of sequence homology among aldehyde reductases from these species was estimated from a plot of difference index versus percent sequence difference for oxido reductases of known sequence. From this plot, and using a mammal-chicken divergence time of 300 million years and a mammalian order split of 75 million years, the rate of evolution of aldehyde reductases was calculated to lie in the range 5.8 - 15.6% sequence difference per 100 million years. Comparison with rates of evolution of oligomeric dehydrogenases indicates that aldehyde reductases comprise the most rapidly evolving family of oxido-reductases. This is probably related to the monomericity of aldehyde reductases since there is a direct correlation between the number of subunits and the rate of evolution. PMID- 43907 TI - [Study on the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by serum RNase (author's transl)]. PMID- 43908 TI - Effects of several beta-blocking agents on the development of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Antihypertensive effects of chronic oral administration of adrenergic beta blocking agents were assessed in SHR. Propranolol, pindolol, oxprenolol, atenolol and labetalol were used as beta-blockers and the effects of these compounds on the blood pressure and the heart rate were compared with those of hydralazine, a representative vasodilating antihypertensive agent. Propranolol, oxprenolol and atenolol produced a definite decrease in the heart rate; the development of hypertension was retarded. Pindolol produced antihypertensive effects only after a longer period of administration and such were associated with insignificant decrease in heart rate. With a shorter period of administration the drug produced only an insignificant fall of blood pressure with practically no change in the heart rate. With labetalol, a beta-blocker with alpha-blocking action, a fall of blood pressure appeared earlier and was of greater magnitude. Hydralazine produced a definite antihypertensive effect, which appeared immediately after administration and was associated with a tachycardia. In pithed rats, only pindolol produced a definite fall of blood pressure. On the basis of these findings, possible mechanisms of antihypertensive effects of beta-blockers were discussed. PMID- 43909 TI - The involvement of cytochrome P-488 and P-450 in NADH-dependent O-demethylation of p-nitroanisole in rat liver microsomes. AB - These studies have shown that addition of p-nitroanisole to a reaction mixture containing rat liver microsomes resulted in an increase the reoxidation rate of NADH-reduced cytochrome b5. Fortification of rat liver microsomes with partially purified cytochrome b5 produces an increase in both NADPH-dependent and NADH dependent p-nitroanisole O-demethylation activity. Antiserum to cytochrome P-450 isolated from phenobarbital-treated rat liver microsomes inhibited the NADH dependent O-demethylation activity as well as the NADPH-dependent O-demethylation activity seen in rat liver microsomes. Addition of either purified cytochrome P 450 or cytochrome P-448 to an incubation mixture containing phenobarbital-treated rat liver microsomes enhanced the NADH-dependent p-nitroanisole O-demethylation activity. These results suggest that NADH-dependent and, in part, NADPH-dependent O-demethylations are catalyzed by cytochrome P-448 and cytochrome P-450 receiving electrons from cytochrome b5. PMID- 43910 TI - Stimulation by catecholamine of purine catabolism in rats and chickens. AB - The effect of catecholamine in vivo was studied on purine catabolism in rats and chickens. Catecholamine, administered intraperitoneally in a high dose, markedly increased plasma uric acid and allantoin in rats, and an increase was also observed with intravenous infusion of a lower dose of catecholamine. The effects of catecholamine were characterized by inhibition with alpha and beta adrenoceptor antagonists. Regarding the mechanism of this catecholamine action on purine catabolism, it was shown that catecholamine stimulated degradation of tissue ATP into the end-product. Plasma allantoin, the final purine catabolite in rats, elicited by catecholamine could be maintained under conditions of renal failure, although the action of catecholamine in intact rat was short lasting. The effect of catecholamine was potentiated and/or prolonged by angiotensin-II and aminophylline, and a hyperuricemic state could be induced by catecholamine treatment in chickens. In addition, increase of plasma purine catabolite by immobilization stress in rats suggested the involvement of endogenous catecholamine. From these experimental results, it is considered that catecholamines probably play a important role in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia. PMID- 43911 TI - Inhibitory alpha-adrenergic action of phenylephrine in guinea pig taenia caecum. AB - Phenylephrine, a selective alpha-adrenergic stimulant, caused a maximal relaxation of the taenia from guinea pig caecum in the concentration of 10(-6) g/ml. Phenylephrine in this concentration did not influence intracellular cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels. Although phenylephrine abolished the spontaneous spike discharge, no change was detected in 45Ca-uptake and 45Ca-efflux on the tissue level after phenylephrine. Ca-uptake and Ca-release on the subcellular level were also not influenced by phenylephrine. In Ca free-solution phenylephrine inhibited the response to CaCl2. Phenylephrine increased 42K-efflux in the normally polarized taenia and also in the K-depolarized taenia. PMID- 43912 TI - Antiallergic action of 6-ethyl-3-(1h-tetrazol-5-YL) chromone (AA-344) on immediate hypersensitivity reaction in rats. AB - A newly synthesized compound, 6-ethyl-3-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)chromone (AA-344) given intravenously or orally inhibited considerably the 72-hr passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (72-hr PCA) induced by IgE in rats. The antiallergic action of AA-344 was neither due to the antihistamine or antiserotonin effect nor was it mediated via adrenergic mechanisms. The results obtained in a double sensitization with two IgE antibodies suggest that AA-344 may not impair antigen-antibody combination but probably prevents the release of chemical mediators including histamine. This assumption was supported by observation that AA-344 inhibited a reduction in the skin histamine content caused by the 72-hr PCA, without effect on the compound 48/80-induced histamine reduction. AA-344 also partially inhibited the IgGa-mediated 3-hr PCA in rats. These results indicate that the inhibitory action of AA-344 on the immediate hypersensitivity reactions is due to prevention of the release of chemical mediators from the mast cells, by acting on some process in sequential events leading to the mediator release following antigen-antibody combination. PMID- 43913 TI - Differential antagonism of antiavoidance, cataleptic and ptotic effects of neuroleptics by biperiden. AB - The interaction between neuroleptics and an anticholinergic, biperiden, in the antiavoidance, catalepsy and ptosis tests was investigated in mice for the purpose of predicting the extrapyramidal side-effects of neuroleptics. The cataleptic effect of most neuroleptics used was antagonized to some extent by biperiden, while the ptotic effect was hardly influenced. The antiavoidance effect of haloperidol, trifluperidol and perphenazine was markedly antagonized and that of chlorpromazine moderately. However, the effect of thioridazine, chlorprothixene, levomepromazine and clozapine was little antagonized. In neuropharmacological tests, haloperidol, trifluperidol and perphenazine exhibited a selective antidopaminergic activity, while chlorprothixene, levomepromazine and clozapine showed antidopaminergic, antiadrenergic and also anticholinergic activities when similar doses were given. These results indicate that biperiden antagonism may be marked in the tests related to the extrapyramidal symptoms and in drugs liable to induce extrapyramidal side effects, however, there would be little or no antagonism in drugs possessing the anticholinergic property and eliciting few extrapyramidal side-effects. PMID- 43914 TI - The role of caudate nucleus dopamine and cyclic AMP in the hyperpyrexia induced by LiCl plus tranylcypromine in rats. PMID- 43915 TI - Effects of dimorpholamine on frog sciatic nerve-sartorius preparation. AB - The present study describes the potentiating effect of dimorpholamine on twitch contraction of skeletal muscle and its mechanism on a cellular basis. Low concentrations (about 2 x 10(-5) g/ml) of dimorpholamine potentiate the twitch contraction of frog sartorius muscle. In relatively high concentrations of 10(-4) -10(-3) g/ml, however, the potentiation was followed by depression. Endplate potential was not affected by the drug. Dimorpholamine depolarized slightly the muscle membrane. The contracture tension vs. membrane potential relationship was hardly affected by the drug in the presence of 2 x 10(-7) M tetrodotoxin. Action potentials recorded from muscle fibers treated with ethylene glycol showed marked and progressive increases in duration during exposure to the drug, and were finally blocked. It was concluded that twitch potentiation caused by dimorpholamine is due to the prolongation of the action potential. A likely molecular mechanism of this drug is discussed in terms of the kinetic model proposed by Adrian et al. (J. Physiol. 208, 607--644, 1970) for the excitable membrane of frog sartorius muscle. PMID- 43916 TI - Effects of palytoxin on mechanical and electrical activities of guinea pig papillary muscle. AB - Effects of palytoxin (PTX) on isolated papillary muscles of guinea pigs were studied in an attempt to elucidate the mechanical and electrical activities. Inotropic effects of PTX above 3 x 10(-9) g/ml; an early positive inotropic effect, slowly developing contracture accompanied by decline in phasic tension, appearance of aftercontractions and arrhythmias at high doses. The positive inotropic effect of PTX was enhanced in high Ca2+ medium but was not modified by propranolol. PTX induced a sustained depolarization and decrease in the amplitude, upstroke velocity and duration of action potential. During development of depolarization, arrhythmias occurred, which lasted for 5--10 min and reappeared 30--60 min after. Oscillatory afterpotential often appeared. Neither reserpine nor practolol prevented the PTX-induced arrhythmia while propranolol prevented it. Tetrodotoxin slowed the development of depolarization due to PTX and inhibited PTX-arrhythmias. In low Na+ medium, PTX exerted fewer effects on resting and action potentials and produced no arrhythmia. The results suggest that PTX-induced depolarization is responsible for the generation of contracture and arrhythmia and that the depolarization is due to the change in membrane Na permeability. PMID- 43917 TI - Requirement of alpha-receptor blockade for production of hyperuricemia in the rat subjected to ether stress. PMID- 43918 TI - The apparent loss of cytochrome P-450 associated with metabolic activation of carbon tetrachloride. AB - Carbon monoxide inhibited the carbon tetrachloride-induced NADPH oxidation rate. The addition of methylviologen to the incubation mixture under the atmosphere of nitrogen resulted in the enhancement of the reductase activity of microsomes for carbon tetrachloride, as determined by chloroform formation. The addition of methylviologen also enhanced the carbon tetrachloride-induced loss of cytochrome P-450, while the apparent content of cytochrome b5 and the activity of NADPH cytochrome c reductase remained unchanged. Under a strong inhibition of lipid peroxidation by addition of EDTA, carbon tetrachloride induced a clear loss of cytochrome P-450 to the extent similar to that seen in the absence of EDTA. These results indicate that cytochrome P-450 is directly degraded in association with the reductive metabolism of carbon tetrachloride by cytochrome P-450. PMID- 43919 TI - In vivo direct effects of cholinergic agents on the inferior mesenteric and cardiac ganglia with relation to their receptors in the dog. AB - The relative contribution of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors to the cholinergic transmission of the inferior mesenteric ganglion was studied in spinal dogs by recording changes in perfusion pressure of the inferior mesenteric artery as an indicator of ganglionic function. Preganglionic stimulation elicited a frequency (2.5--320 Hz)-dependent rise in the perfusion pressure, which was inhibited by i.v. hexamethonium (C6) (10 mg/kg) or atropine (0.1 mg/kg) administered after C6. Acetylcholine (ACh) (0.1--1000 microgram) administered into the inferior mesenteric artery to reach the mesenteric ganglion induced a dose-dependent rise in perfusion pressure and this dose-response curve was shifted to the right by C6 or atropine. Bethanechol (1--1000 microgram) i.a. produced a dose-dependent rise in the pressure, which was abolished after i.v. atropine. Tetramethylammonium (1--300 microgram) i.a. elicited an increase in the pressure thought the effects were decreased at larger doses, and these effects were strongly inhibited by i.v. C6. ACh (5--100 microgram) administered into the right subclavian artery to reach the cardiac sympathetic ganglia caused a dose dependent positive chronotropic effect, which was inhibited by i.a. C6 or atropine. The results suggest that the inferior mesenteric ganglion seems to differ from the cardiac ganglia in relative contribution of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors to the cholinergic transmission. PMID- 43921 TI - [The 11th Congress of Public Health Nurses Affiliated with Municipal Governments. A closing comment: a new step for the future]. PMID- 43920 TI - Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in response to norepinephrine in rectum of postnatal rats. AB - Age-related changes in cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate levels in response to norepinephrine (NE) in the rectum of postnatal rats and the localization of cyclic AMP in the rectum were studied. During the first 2 weeks after birth, the basal levels of cyclic AMP were high, NE responses to cyclic AMP contents were minimal and thereafter, the basal cyclic AMP levels rapidly declined, while NE response significantly increased compared to those seen in tissues from adult rats. Furthermore, cyclic AMP immunofluorescence was visualized in smooth muscle and postganglionic neurons of the myenteric plexus. NE application produced an increase of cyclic AMP immunofluorescence in smooth muscle. These results indicate that NE response to cyclic AMP levels in rat rectum is age-dependent and suggest that the majority of beta-adrenoceptors associated with cyclic AMP generating system are localized in the smooth muscle of rat rectum. PMID- 43922 TI - [The 11th Congress of Public Health Nurses Affiliated with Municipal Governments. A closing statement: a strong appeal to public health nurses]. PMID- 43923 TI - [Congress of public health nurses affiliated with municipal governments. Activities of the past 10 years]. PMID- 43924 TI - [At the 11th Congress of Public Health Nurses Affiliated with Municipal Governments]. PMID- 43925 TI - [Sessions of the 19th Congress of the Japan Society of Chest Diseases. Abstracts]. PMID- 43926 TI - Power lawn mower injuries. PMID- 43927 TI - Linear aggregation and the turbidimetric lag phase: type I collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro. PMID- 43928 TI - [Routine determination of the pH of umbilical cord blood at the obstetrical center in Varazdin]. PMID- 43929 TI - Hormonal regulation of surfactant in fetal life. PMID- 43930 TI - [Inaugural Session of the Society for Visceral Radiosurgery, Bobigny, 10 March 1979]. PMID- 43932 TI - Trends in life insurance medicine in Israel. PMID- 43931 TI - [Meeting for the investigation of colostomy. Ilco-France, Forcilles, 27 March 1979]. PMID- 43933 TI - [Medical insurance aspects of human experiments]. PMID- 43934 TI - [Prognosis of testicular tumors]. PMID- 43935 TI - [Current diagnosis of pyelonephritis]. PMID- 43936 TI - [Expert testimony on traumatic diaphragmatic rupture and diaphragmatic prolapse]. PMID- 43937 TI - [Prognosis of heart valve disease]. PMID- 43938 TI - [Mortality of arterial occlusive diseases]. PMID- 43939 TI - [Health service in the National Liberation War before the 1st congress of physicians of the National Liberation Front of Croatia]. PMID- 43940 TI - [Paraneurons - new concepts in the field of endocrinology]. PMID- 43941 TI - Properties of membrane-bound neuraminidase in the developing trout brain. PMID- 43942 TI - Inactivation of chicken liver fatty acid synthetase by malonyl CoA. PMID- 43943 TI - 1,2-Naphthoquinone: a mediator of non-enzymatic benzo(a)pyrene oxidation. PMID- 43944 TI - The regulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in intact normal and transformed cells maintained with a minimal salts/glucose medium. PMID- 43945 TI - [Panarteritis nodosa or Kawasaki disease. Sudden death due to thrombotic occlusion of aneurysmatically dilated coronary arteries in a 1 year old boy]. PMID- 43946 TI - Simultaneous measurements of macromolecular leakage and arteriolar blood flow as altered by PGE1 and beta 2-receptor stimulant in the hamster cheek pouch. PMID- 43947 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 3rd meeting of the Gesellschaft fur Mikrozirkulation. December 1 and 2, 1978, Karisruhe, Germany. PMID- 43948 TI - Intestinal microflora and bile acids. In vitro cholic acid transformation by mixed fecal culture of rats. AB - In vitro cholic acid (CA) transformation by mixed fecal culture was investigated. Concentrations of glucose, peptone, and yeast extract in the medium and the initial pH of the medium markedly affected the CA transformation. Yeast extract enhanced the transformation, whereas high concentrations of glucose and peptone inhibited it. When the initial pH of the medium was below 6.5, CA was converted to 7-keto-deoxycholic acid (7KD), and formation of deoxycholic acid (DC) was not observed. In contrast, with an initial pH of 7.0, about 60% of the CA was converted to 7KD after 3 days of incubation, and then DC gradually formed after 4 days of incubation, following the disappearance of 7KD. The formation of DC in the cultured samples was paralleled in each case by disappearance of 7KD. In pure culture systems, Escherichia coli and some strains of Bacteroides formed 7KD from CA. No DC formation was observed in pure cultures of any of the strains examined. PMID- 43949 TI - Response to Chironex antivenom. PMID- 43950 TI - [The effect of betadrenol on examination anxiety (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of betadrenol on examination anxiety was tested in a double-blind study simulating "examination situations". The sample consisted of 60 normal students. After a test examination without prior treatment, each subject was given a single dose of either 40 or 100 mg betadrenol, or a benzodiazepine derivative at the recommended dosage, or a placebo. The test was repeated one hour later. Heart rate, blood pressure and skin resistance were measured continually throughout the progressively complicated psychological test. The increase in the heart rate was significantly lower in the betadrenol-treated subjects than in those given benzodiazepine or a placebo. The behaviour of the blood pressure was similar. Significant improvements in subjective condition and skin resistance in response to betadrenol were contrasted with deterioration after benzodiazepine, and no change after placebos. Improvement in mental alertness in the betadrenol group differed significantly from that in the benzodiazepine group, and there was also an improving trend in reactions. This shows that betadrenol can subdue examination anxiety. Betadrenol was far more effective than a benzodiazepine derivative in all the parameters tested, including psychophysical performance relating to control of a motor vehicle. PMID- 43951 TI - [Effect of anthropogenic transformations on the blood-sucking mosquito fauna (Diptera, Culicidae) of the Crimean plain]. PMID- 43952 TI - Second Symposium on Epidemiology and Cancer Registries in the Pacific Basin. A conference held in Maui, Hawaii, January 16-20, 1978. PMID- 43953 TI - The gastric microenvironment in populations at high risk to stomach cancer. AB - The gastric juice of patients with atrophic gastritis from the high-risk gastric cancer region of Narino, Colombia, was analyzed for nitrate, nitrite, and thiocyanate content. Patients whose gastric juice pH is greater than 5 have significant elevation of nitrite values. The possible role of nitrite in gastric carcinogenesis is discussed. PMID- 43954 TI - [Neuroleptics in the prevention of schizophrenic relapse. Report of a meeting (author's transl)]. PMID- 43955 TI - [Short-term and long-term effects of psychotropic drugs in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (author's transl)]. PMID- 43956 TI - Wound healing and regional anesthesia: a look at tissue pH. PMID- 43957 TI - [The etiopathogenesis of congenital multiple malformations]. PMID- 43958 TI - [Diagnosis of periarteritis nodosa]. PMID- 43959 TI - Unsuspected bacteremia in young children: a common and important problem. PMID- 43960 TI - The Graft-versus-Host Reaction: a pathogenetic mechanism of experimental and human disease. PMID- 43962 TI - Resume of the First National Congress. PMID- 43961 TI - Unimportance of perivascular H+ AND K+ activities for the adjustment of pial arterial diameter during changes of arterial blood pressure in cats. AB - The role of perivascular H+ and K+ in the adjustment of pial arterial diameter during changes in arterial blood pressure was investigated in chloralose anesthetized cats. Blood pressure was reduced by i.v. mecamylamine or pentolinium and was increased by i.v. hypertensin. Pial arterioles and arteries with a control diameter ranging from 37--218 microns at a spontaneous mean arterial blood pressure of 128 +/- 16 (SD) mm Hg were studied. Vascular diameter as measured by TV image splitting showed the typical reactions, i.e. constriction during increase (up to 200 mm Hg) and dilation during decrease in blood pressure (down to 60 mm Hg). Perivascular H+ and K+ activities were measured using pH microelectrodes (Hinke type) and K+ ion exchanger microelectrodes, respectively. Under control conditions perivascular pH was 7.25 +/- 0.11 (SD) and K+ activity was 2.46 +/- 0.65 (SD) mM, respectively. During changes in blood pressure the vascular reactions of pial arteries were not accompanied by significant alterations in perivascular H+ or K+ activity. From these data it can be concluded that mechanisms other than those which are mediated by H+ or K+ are involved in the adjustment of pial arterial diameter during changes in arterial blood pressure. PMID- 43963 TI - [General anesthesia in the hypertensive dialyzed renal failure patient treated with beta-blockers]. PMID- 43964 TI - [12th Bristol Symposium. Amikacin: its role in hospital antibiotic therapy. Monte Carlo, 1-3 March 1979]. PMID- 43966 TI - [Study of minimal cardiac transit times in normal persons during beta sympathicolysis (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of single equipotent doses of Propranolol and Carazolol on cardiac haemodynamics of normal persons were investigated in a placebo-controlled double blind study by radiocardiographic measurements of minimal cardiac transit times (MTTs). 90 min after oral application of 40 mg Propranolol a significant (p less than 0.005) prolongation of MTTs between the right auricle and the aortic root by 25% could be observed. A corresponding effect after treatment with 5 mg Carazolol was not recognizable (p greater than 0.05). Both substances strongly reduced the heart rate. The negative chronotropic effects of both beta-blockers were indistinguishable (p greater than 0.05). PMID- 43965 TI - Thermal perturbation differential spectra of ribonucleic acids. I. Hydration effects. AB - A relatively important change in UV absorption is observed upon thermal perturbation of nucleotide solutions. Comparison of these thermal perturbation spectra of nucleic acid residues with solvent perturbation spectra of the same compounds suggests that this spectral change can most probably be attributed to temperature induced hydration change of the bases. This conclusion is confirmed by the results obtained from acid-base perturbation spectra of these nucleotides as well as thermal perturbation spectra of nucleotides containing modified bases. It is shown that this temperature dependent change in UV absorption is also present in dinucleoside monophosphates. In that case, this effect is superimposed upon the well known change in absorbance due to the unstacking of the bases during heating. PMID- 43967 TI - Speech by Dr. Toh Chin Chye, Minister for Health, at the Inaugural Ceremony of the Thirtieth Session of the WHO Regional Committee for the Western Pacific; Singapore, Tuesday 2nd October 1979. PMID- 43968 TI - Address by Dr. Halfdan Mahler, Director-General of the World Health Organization at the Inaugural Ceremony of the Thirtieth Session of the WHO Regional Committee for the Western Pacific; Singapore, Tuesday 2nd October 1979. PMID- 43969 TI - Primary health care: International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, USSR, 6-12 September 1978. PMID- 43970 TI - Danzol. Proceedings of a symposium held at the Royal College of Physicians, London, on 11 June 1979. PMID- 43971 TI - The hypothalamus and social behavior with special reference to the hormonal control of sexual behavior. PMID- 43972 TI - [Behavior therapy methods in treating phobias in children in practice]. PMID- 43973 TI - An influence of diet on transplantation immunity. AB - It was discovered by chance that mice raised under otherwise entirely conventional conditions of husbandry but fed upon autoclaved diet (diet A) had stronger cell-mediated immune reactions than those of mice raised under the same conditions but with an unmodified diet (diet B) : skin allografts were rejected more quickly, transplantation tolerance was more difficult to procure and fibrosarcomas induced by the injection of methylcholanthrene (MCA) arose more slowly and less often. Analysis showed that these findings could be explained at least in part by the discovery of Mertin & Hunt (1976, p. 928) that a partial deprivation of polyinsaturated fatty acids led to an intensification of cell mediated immunity; on the other hand, experiments with dietary mixtures made it seem unlikely that this was the whole explanation and pointed towards some positive immunopotentiation by an ingredient of autoclaved diet. This, it was proposed, might be a compound of unknown composition resulting from the interaction of vitamin A with other dietary constituents. This interpretation was not supported by direct evidence but by confirming that retinol derivatives, especially retinyl acetate, could exercise an immunopotentiation of the kind and degree under investigation: retinyl acetate could counteract the immunosuppressive action of linoleic acid, though retinyl methyl ether was ineffective. Although retinyl derivatives may protect against MCA tumours by impeding its metabolic conversion to an oncogenic form, the effects of an autoclaved diet upon skin allograft survival, the induction of tolerance and the formation of tumours is probably mediated through an immunological mechanism. PMID- 43974 TI - The effects of sleep on neurons in isolated cerebral cortex. AB - Slabs of cat parietal cortex with some 2 mm of underlying white matter were surgically isolated from the rest of the nervous system, without interference with the superficial blood supply. Wire micro-recording electrodes were inserted into the isolated cortex; bone, muscle and skin wounds were repaired and the animal allowed to recover from anaesthesia. The adequacy of surgical isolation was examined histologically 8--12 weeks after operation. Only one of the six preparations reported here showed surviving neural connections with the rest of the brain. Soon after operation, spontaneous bursts of neural activity appeared within the isolated area. These became more frequent until neural discharge was continuous but irregular. Our records were made from this time onwards. The interval distributions obtained from neurons within the isolated area did not differ significantly from log-normal curves. When the unrestrained animal fell asleep, there was no significant alteration in the model interval or geometric standard deviation of interval distributions recorded from cells in isolated cortex. The interval distributions of neurons in isolated cerebral cortex resembled those of neurons in the intact cortex of an alarmed animal. It is concluded that the reduction of modal interval that is shown by neurons in intact cortex when an animal falls asleep is probably due to the neural influence of infracortical structures. PMID- 43975 TI - The effect of repetitive stimulation on the passive electrical properties of the presynaptic terminal of the squid giant synapse. AB - The resting electrical properties of the presynaptic terminal of the squid giant synapse have been determined by using constant current pulses. After short periods of repetitive stimulation, the terminal resistance, time constant and capacitance are found to be increased. These changes are absent in terminals bathed in artificial sea water containing no calcium, and sea water containing 5 mM cobalt. It seems likely that these changes are associated with transmitter release. PMID- 43976 TI - Leishmania in phlebotomid sandflies. VII. On the taxonomic status of Leishmania peruviana, causative agent of Peruvian 'uta', as indicated by its development in the sandfly, Lutzomyia longipalpis. AB - The name Leishmania peruviana was given by Velez (1913) to the parasite responsible for a form of cutaneous leishmaniasis known as 'uta'; this disease occurs in the Peruvian Andes. Clinical similarities between uta and 'oriental sore', which is caused by Leishmania tropica of the Eastern Hemisphere, have, however, led to the suggestion that uta is simply due to L. tropica, which was introduced into Latin America by African slaves or European immigrants. Leishmania species are divisible into three distinct sections, according to their pattern of development in their natural (phlebotomine) vectors. One of these sections, the PERIPYLARIA, contains the subspecies of Leishmania braziliensis, and is characterized by parasites that undergo a phase of development attached to the wall of the hindgut (pylorus and ileum), in addition to multiplication in the midgut and subsequent invasion of the foregut. Such development is unknown in any other group of leishmaniae, including those groups of the section SUPRAPYLARIA, which includes parasites of the L. tropica complex. Three isolates of L. peruviana were studied in laboratory-bred sandflies, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva), and all showed consistent and prolific development of rounded or stumpy flagellates attached to the wall of the hindgut and, in some instances, growth of free, elongate promastigotes throughout the midgut. Development of both L. tropica and L. major, in the same insect, was restricted to massive development of free flagellates in the midgut, up to the cardial valve. From the behaviour of L. peruviana in the sandfly, its slow growth in hamster skin and the small size of its amastigotes, it is concluded that this parasite is (a) distinctly different from both L. tropica and L. major, and (b) closely related to subspecies of L. braziliensis within the section PERIPYLARIA. On this evidence it is also concluded that L. peruviana is indigenous to the American continent. The specific name is best retained for the time being (rather than L. braziliensis peruviana). PMID- 43977 TI - Phenobarbitone modulation of postsynaptic GABA receptor function on cultured mammalian neurons. AB - The anticonvulsant barbiturate phenobarbitone increases membrane current and conductance responses to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in cultured mouse spinal neurons. Analyses of GABA current fluctuations under control conditions and in the presence of phenobarbitone show that the principle action is to increase the average time during which GABA-activated channels remain open. The duration of minature synaptic currents with a time constant of decay similar to the mean open time of GABA-activated channels is prolonged by the drug. The results suggest that (1) the synaptic events are GABA-mediated and (2) the enhancement of these events by barbiturate is due to the postsynaptic action of the drug. PMID- 43978 TI - Scanning electron microscopical and histochemical study of the structure and function of basement membranes in the early chick embryo. PMID- 43979 TI - Transmembrane signaling: proceedings of the ICN-UCLA Symposium held at Keystone, Colorado, February 26--March 3, 1978. PMID- 43980 TI - Pharmacological basis for N-n-propylnorapomorphine induced stereotypic cage climbing and behavioral arousal in mice. PMID- 43981 TI - MIF-I's differential actions as an opiate antagonist. AB - The effects of MIF-I (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2) were examined in three experimental conditions in which the opiate antagonist naloxone is active. MIF-I was found to block the analgesic effects of enkephalins and also morphine in the tail-flick test but not in the vas deferens assay. Unlike naloxone, MIF-I did not seem to reduce food intake in VMH-lesioned rats. The results suggest the possibility that MIF-I may represent a class of naturally occurring opiate antagonists with varying activities in independent situations. PMID- 43982 TI - [Drugs for the management of chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 43983 TI - The role of the nervous system in the cardiovascular effects of digitalis. PMID- 43985 TI - Symposium on DNA repair and its role in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. PMID- 43984 TI - Species-dependent responsiveness to nonamphetamine central stimulants. Relationship between uptake and release of brain dopamine. PMID- 43986 TI - Bioluminescence: physiological control and regulation at the molecular level. PMID- 43987 TI - [Fully automatous determination of acid-base balance and partial pressures of O2 and CO2 in the blood with ABL 2 (author's transl)]. PMID- 43988 TI - Stroke due to vasculitis. AB - Vasculitis should be suspected as a cause of stroke in younger patients or older patients with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, especially in the presence of systemic disease and mononeuritis multiplex. Corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide show promise of producing remission. PMID- 43989 TI - American Psychosomatic Society. Abstracts of papers, annual meeting. March 27 March 30, 1980. PMID- 43990 TI - Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland 1979. Seventy-third Annual General Meeting: abstracts of papers. PMID- 43991 TI - Isolation and biochemical characterization of hamster cheek pouch epithelium. PMID- 43992 TI - [29th Brazilian Nursing Congress. Opening session: address by the President of the Brazilian Nurses' Association]. PMID- 43993 TI - [29th Congress of Brazilian Nursing]. PMID- 43994 TI - [Gastroesophageal reflux in children]. PMID- 43995 TI - [Mosquito: the most frequent cause of prurigo in children. Correlation with the intradermal tests in the diagnosis of allergy]. AB - The clinical dermal manifestations induced by hypersensitivity toward mosquito bites were studied in 50 patients of both sexes whose ages ranged between 0 and 15 years. Among 13 forms of lesions found papules and vesicles were the most frequent. A predominance of females when compared to other statistical data was evidenced. The correlation of these lesions with atopy is assessed, and pruritus, scratching and secondary infection are pointed out as factors worsening this state. Among sensitive subjects, skin tests using a 100 UNP concentration of the whole mosquito body extract were the most reliable. PMID- 43996 TI - [Clinical studies of hemodynamics, pulmonary function in patients and cerebral electric activity under flunitrazepam induced anesthesia. II]. PMID- 43997 TI - [Second European Council: Smoking and Society]. PMID- 43998 TI - [Normoxic sustained hypercapnia in the SPF rat: hematology and electrolyte status. Influence on the oxygen status (author's transl)]. PMID- 43999 TI - [Current concept on cardioplegia (author's transl)]. PMID- 44000 TI - [Electrophysiological methods for measuring hearing, and their application. 5th Session of the European Association of Speech and Hearing Centers, 18-19 September 1978, Lyon (France)]. PMID- 44001 TI - [Chronic inflammatory neuromyopathies in adults treated for gluten-sensitive enteropathy. A report on three cases with microvascular nerve and muscle lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Neuromyopathies developed in three patients with gluten-sensitive enteropathy, a long time after they had been cured of their digestive disease by following a gluten-free diet. These cases differed radically from typical deficiency neuropathies by the presence of microvascular inflammatory lesions in nerves and muscles. The semiological findings were similar in all 3 cases, and were distinguished by the association of signs eveking lesions of the largest myelinated nerves fibers to the posterior rami with lesions in the muscles. Corticotherapy improved the condition but did not affect its chronic course. Nerve and muscle biopsies revealed the presence of segmentary microrascularitis, mainly lymphohistiocytic. The probable mechanism of these histological changes is alterations in the circulating immune-complexes, usually found in gluten sensitive enteropathy, producing various types of associated disorders. Some of these immune-complexes would not be related straight to digestive intolerance to gluten, but would persist during the gluten-free diet period, and could be responsible for the micro-angiitis. PMID- 44002 TI - [Management of dental injuries in children]. PMID- 44003 TI - Phosphate buffer stimulates somatostatin release into the antral lumen of anaesthetized cats. AB - The effect of variations of intra-antral pH on the intraluminal release of somatostatin was studied. Acute pouches were created in anaesthetized cats, and the pouches were perfused with solutions differing in pH. Somatostatin levels were then measured in the perfusates. In this model phosphate buffer was a potent stimulator of intra-antral somatostatin release, whereas perfusion with 0.1 M HCl failed to release somatostatin by itself. Since phosphate buffer also releases gastrin, the releasing effect ought to be exerted beyond the mechanism that can be blocked by somatostatin. (Thus the stimulatory effect of phosphate buffer might be exerted on the membranes of the endocrine cells.) PMID- 44004 TI - Effect of two types of beta-adrenergic blockade on gastric acid secretion during pentagastrin stimulation in non-vagotomized and in vagotomized gastric fistula dogs. AB - The effect of beta-adrenoceptor blockade by propranolol and practolol on submaximally pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion was studied in conscious non-vagotomized and in vagotomized gastric fistula dogs. Propranolol (0.5 mg/kg) intravenously augmented gastric acid output in vagotomized dogs, more after truncal and selective vagotomy than after parietal cell vagotomy. Vagally innervated dogs also showed an increase, but to a lesser degree and not statistically significant. The increase restored the acid output to preoperative levels in the vagotomized dogs. Practolol (1.0 mg/kg) intravenously resulted in a slight and insignificant increase in acid output in dogs with truncal vagotomy and had only a negligible effect in vagally innervated dogs and after selective and parietal cell vagotomy. It is concluded that propranolol augments pentagastrin-stimulated acid output in vagotomized dogs, and this augmentation was most pronounced in the totally vagotomized stomach. Practolol had minor influence on gastric acid secretion. This effect of the two beta-blocking agents indicates that beta 2-blockade is most important for the secretory augmentation. The restoration of postvagotomy acid secretion to preoperative levels suggests that adrenergic influence is important for the decrease in pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion after vagotomy. PMID- 44005 TI - Sulphasalazine treatment during breast feeding. AB - The steady-state concentrations of sulphasalazine and sulphapyridine in serum and mother's milk have been measured in 12 nursing patients who were being treated with sulphasalazine. The results show that sulphasalazine passes only in negligible amounts or not at all into milk. The concentration of sulphapyridine in milk was about 40% of the serum concentration in the mother. We therefore conclude that sulphasalazine may safely be given during nursing. PMID- 44006 TI - Peptic ulcer disease and its treatment--present situation and future prospects. Proceedings from a symposium at Hooks Herrgard, Sweden, August 9--10, 1978, arranged by the Department of Internal Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping, in collaboration with AB Hassle, Sweden. PMID- 44007 TI - Some mechanisms with an inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion. PMID- 44008 TI - Pathophysiology of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 44009 TI - Antacid therapy. PMID- 44010 TI - Secretion at the parietal cell level--a look at rabbit gastric glands. AB - By various means, morphological, response to secretagogues, ion requirements and active membranes, the rabbit gastric gland preparation has been shown to be an adequate substrate for a study of the complete spectrum of the reactions leading to acid secretion. In fact, it is rapidly becoming the model of choice. PMID- 44011 TI - Anticholinergics in the treatment of peptic ulcer. PMID- 44012 TI - [The effect of thiopental and propanidid on blood circulation and respiratory metabolism in the mother and fetus]. PMID- 44013 TI - A simple analytical technique for the determination of hexavalent chromium in welding fumes and other complex matrices. AB - A systematic study of analytical methods for the determination of hexavalent chromium showed that currently existing techniques are unsatisfactory when used with welding fumes, the s-diphenylcarbazide method proposed by the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health permitting less than 1% recovery of hexavalent chromium from synthetic welding fumes of known composition. A new (carbonate leaching) technique is proposed which permits better than 80% recovery of both soluble and insoluble chromium (VI). This technique is then used as part of a general method for the determination of total chemical composition as distributed among sample fractions of different solubility. The method is specifically designed for use in the analysis of small samples and is especially suitable for the routine evaluation of health risks as found in the work environment. PMID- 44014 TI - Intestinal absorption and malabsorption of folates. PMID- 44016 TI - Surveillance of water-borne parasitic infections and studies on the impact of ecological changes on vector mosquitoes of malaria after dam construction. PMID- 44015 TI - [Controlled therapeutic study of spontaneous bucco-linguo-facial dyskinesias (author's transl)]. AB - A triple blind study has been conducted according to an original methodology to compare the effects of thioproperazine and tiapride on the spontaneous bucco linguo-facial dyskinesias in the elderly. Side effects have been balanced to obtain a quantitative evaluation. Thioproperazine (3 x 3 mg/day) and tiapride (3 x 100 mg/day) reduce both significantly the number of dyskinesias, the former being more active than the latter. On the other hand, side effects of thioproprerazine are significantly higher than those of tiapride which are themselves not different from those induced by the placebo. Taking into account these results and the fact that dyskinesias represent a benign condition, the tiapride appears to be the first choice drug. PMID- 44017 TI - A simplified technique for determination of mixed venous blood gases. PMID- 44018 TI - Proceedings of the 35th Annual Sessions of the Forum on Fundamental Surgical Problems, 65th Clinical Congress of the American College of Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois, October, 1979. PMID- 44019 TI - Cimetidine pharmacokinetics in trauma patients. PMID- 44020 TI - Pneumococcal vaccination in recipients of renal allografts. PMID- 44021 TI - Splenic autotransplant function in experimental bacteremia. PMID- 44022 TI - Effect of acidification on duodenal mucosal blood flow. PMID- 44023 TI - Combined gastric and esophageal 24-hour pH monitoring in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. PMID- 44024 TI - In vitro synthesis of vasoactive intestinal peptide: discovery of a large precursor molecule. PMID- 44025 TI - Origin of increased serum alkaline phosphatase in colon ischemia. PMID- 44026 TI - Mechanism for gastrin cell hyperplasia after truncal vagotomy. PMID- 44027 TI - Evidence for vagal inhibition of gastrin release. PMID- 44028 TI - Cause of tyrosinemia and impaired tyrosine tolerance in cirrhotics. PMID- 44029 TI - Effects of aspirin and pH on permeability of isolated perfused pancreatic duct. PMID- 44030 TI - Mechanism of penile erection: a neuropharmacologic study. PMID- 44031 TI - Protein-sparing in the postoperative patient using protein hydrolysate. PMID- 44032 TI - Ulceration of rabbit antral mucosa. PMID- 44033 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of capillary disorders in hemorrhagic fever with nephrotic syndrome (according to ultrastructural changes in skin biopsy samples)]. PMID- 44034 TI - The effect of ortho toluenesulfonamide and sodium saccharin on the urinary tract of neonatal rats. PMID- 44035 TI - Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in isolated human scalp hair follicles. AB - Human scalp hair follicles contain an enzyme system that metabolizes the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene. The major ethyl acetate soluble metabolites are 7,8 dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene,9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene and 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene. Addition of 1,1,1-trichloropropene-2,3-oxide (TCPO), an inhibitor of epoxide hydratase, prevents the formation of the dihydrodiols. The overall metabolism can be inhibited by the addition of alpha-naphthoflavone. The metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in a cell culture of human scalp hair follicles has also been investigated. The results show that the activity of arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and epoxide hydratase (EH) is maintained in culture. PMID- 44037 TI - Symposium on Rift Valley fever. PMID- 44036 TI - Lethal synergism between morphine or other narcotic analgesics and propranolol. AB - Interactions of (+/-)-propranolol HCl with various narcotics were determined in albino rats. The 24-h intraperitoneal (i.p.) LD50 of morphine sulfate + saline was 15--16 times greater than for morphine + propranolol in both sexes although morphine was nearly twice as toxic to males as to females. The potency ratios for LD50's with saline vs. with propranolol were: codeine, 1.9, (+/-)-methadone, 6.0; (-)-alpha-acetylmethadol, 2.8 (72 h). The toxicity of levorphanol also was greatly increased with propranolol, but the dose-effect relationship showed non parallelism vs. levorphanol + saline. Albino mice and mongrel dogs also showed synergism between morphine and propranolol. Mortality after morphine and propranolol was antagonized by naloxone or naltrexone in rats and mice. The potency ratio in rats for morphine + saline vs. morphine + practolol was 3.5. However, the synergism between propranolol and the narcotics probably was unrelated to beta-adrenergic blocking effects of propranolol because of the apparent equivalence of (+)-, (-)- and (+/-)-propranolol in rats for synergism with morphine. PMID- 44038 TI - The Rift Valley fever epizootic in Egypt 1977-78. 2. Ecological and entomological studies. AB - Epidemiological factors related to the introduction, spread and maintenance of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus were studied during the 1977-78 epizootic in Egypt, Culex pipiens is the most ubiquitous and prevalent mosquito species in the Nile Valley and Delta. Isolation of RVF virus from unengorged C. pipiens, and demonstration of laboratory transmission of the virus by this species, strongly implicate it as the chief vector in Egypt. Virus transmission to man also occurs by contamination when handling infected meat and by inhaling natural virus aerosols. Wild rodents apparently do not serve as RVF virus reservoirs. Domestic sheep, cattle, buffaloes, camels, goats, donkeys and dogs act as amplifying hosts. Over 30% of the camels sampled at the southern border of Egypt were serologically positive for antibodies to RVF virus and it appears likely that the virus was introduced into Egypt, either by these animals or by other vehicles from the south. PMID- 44039 TI - Respiratory function survey of insectary technicians. PMID- 44040 TI - [Scanning microscopical observations on the foregut structures o mosquitoes and their role for the ingestion of microfilariae (author's transl)]. AB - Experiments on the transmission of Brugia malayi by various mosquitoes had shown that microfilariae ingested by some species were badly damaged when they reached the stomach, but were much less hurt in others. The structures of the foregut likely to cause these injuries, were investigated and documented by scanning microscope techniques. In Anopheles albimanus, A. arabiensis, A. stephensi and A. pharoensis which have well developed armatures the microfilariae showed a high rate of destruction. In A. stroparvus as well as in Aedes aegypti, Ae. togoi and Culex fatigans in which these structures are missing or poorly developed the larvae were much less affected. From the size, shape and position of the different papillae, spines, rods and cones observed it can be concluded and confirmed that the pharyngeal armature (buccopharyngeal bar) will be by far the most important structure responsible for the injuries of the microfilariae. However, it appears that the characteristics of different filaria species can play an important role in preventing such damages. PMID- 44041 TI - [Serum creatine kinase in patients treated with depot neuroleptics. A pilot study]. PMID- 44042 TI - [Course and modification of Hypomyces ochraceus m 359 autolysis]. AB - Growth and natural autolysis of the ascomycete Hypomyces ochraceus were investigated in shake cultures by measuring dry weight, pH value, and uptake of carbohydrate. The alkaline autolysis resulted in maximum loss of 53% of dry weight during an incubation period of 35 days. Early autolysis was induced by limitation of oxygen, increasing temperature, addition of peracetic acid, and sodiumacide. Autolysis is discussed to be derived from deficiency of energy. PMID- 44043 TI - [Clinical importance and problems of enteric hormones]. PMID- 44044 TI - [Psychopathologic diagnostic measures. Delegation to assistants in general medical practice. An empirical study]. PMID- 44045 TI - [Gamma-glutamyltransferase, its properties and metabolic role]. PMID- 44046 TI - [Microbodies in animal cells]. PMID- 44047 TI - [Personality of the physican and of the patient: a deontological problem]. PMID- 44048 TI - [Humoral immunity factors in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 44049 TI - [Characteristics of the growth of transplanted tumors in rats under alpine conditions]. PMID- 44050 TI - [Characteristics of the bacillus excretion in tuberculosis of the locomotor apparatus and of the peripheral lymph nodes]. PMID- 44051 TI - [Effect of obzidan on the bioelectrical activity of the healthy human brain under alpine hypoxic conditions]. PMID- 44052 TI - [Development of public health in Kirghizia in 1978]. PMID- 44053 TI - [1st trial of using hyperbaric oxygenation in Kirghizia]. PMID- 44054 TI - [Organizational measures in preventing anomalies in labor and in predicting them during pregnancy]. PMID- 44055 TI - [Effectiveness of treating chronic bronchitis with copper and galvanic mud]. PMID- 44056 TI - [Rare clinical forms of syringomyelia]. PMID- 44057 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of traumatic osteomyelitis of the mandible]. PMID- 44058 TI - [Medical procedures in uterine fibromyomas]. PMID- 44059 TI - [Surgical treatment of esophageal performation (a practical case)]. PMID- 44060 TI - [Chronic dissecting aneurysm of the aorta]. PMID- 44061 TI - [On the 60th birthday of Professor Veniamin Mikhailovich Perelygin]. PMID- 44062 TI - [Anatolii Nikolaevich Kruglov]. PMID- 44063 TI - [Improvement in the cardiological service of the city of Frunze]. PMID- 44064 TI - [Proceedings of the XXXXI General Meeting of the Japan Hematological Society [I] (Toyko, April 5 and 6, 1979) (author's transl)]. PMID- 44065 TI - [Histone-heparin complexes]. AB - Histones form insoluble complexes with heparin and neutralize its anticoagulant action. The plasmin degradation products of histones do not possess these properties. Plasmin also digests histones in complexes with heparin. Breakdown of the histones in these complexes causes release of heparin from them. PMID- 44066 TI - Practical experiences with flunitrazepam in anesthesia. AB - Flunitrazepam was used in general and local anesthesia. Little effect was noted on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. In our patients there was an impressive period of amnesia and often we observed a central anticholinergic syndrome, which could be reversed by the use of physostigmine salicylate (0.04/kg body weight). PMID- 44067 TI - Allergy in otorhinolaryngology. Proceedings of the 2nd Belgian-Dutch Symposium, Antwerp, April 29, 1978. PMID- 44068 TI - Congenital persistent proximal type renal tubular acidosis in two brothers. AB - Two brothers showed severe and persistent hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis (capillary blood pH 7.07--7.15) due to a low renal bicarbonate threshold at 11 mmol/l. The maximal tubular capacity for bicarbonate reabsorption was reduced to about half the normal. A high dose of acetazolamide (25 mg/kg) lowered the tubular bicarbonate reabsorption substantially, indicating the presence of carbonic anhydrase. Both the glomerular filtration rate, the renal blood flow and the renal concentrating capacity were slightly reduced. The clinical characteristics were: growth retardation, mental retardation, nystagmus, corneal opacities, cataract, glaucoma and enamel defects of the permanent teeth. Serum thyroxine was pathological low without clinical signs of hypothyreosis. The erythrocytes showed an increased osmotic resistance. Autopsy of the younger brother, who died 4 1/2 years old, revealed thyroid and thymus weights of 25% of the normal. The kidney tubular cells were swollen with vacuoles. The glomeruli had a normal appearance. PMID- 44069 TI - [The assistant's view of child and adolescent psychiatry]. PMID- 44070 TI - Pro-drugs as drug delivery systems. V. Cyclization of methyl esters of succinamic and glutaramic acids to the corresponding imides (phensuximide and glutethimide) in aqueous solution. PMID- 44071 TI - Hydrolysis of 2-diethylaminoethyl p-nitrobenzoate in liposomal suspension. PMID- 44072 TI - On the antiarrhythmic activity of one N-substituted piperazine derivative of trans-2-amino-3-hydroxy-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroanaphthalene. AB - The antiarrhythmic activity of the compound N-(trans-3-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro 2-naphthyl)-N-(3-oxo-3-phenyl-2-methylpropyl)-piperazine hydrochloride, referred to as P11, is studied on anaesthesized cats and Wistar albino rats, as well as on non-anaesthesized rabbits. Four types of experimental arrhythmia are used--with BaCl2, with chloroform-adrenaline, with strophantine G and with aconitine. The compound P11 is introduced in doses of 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg intravenously and 10 mg/kg orally. The compound manifests antiarrhythmic activity in all models of experimental arrhythmia used, causing greatest inhibition on the arrhythmia induced by chloroform-adrenaline (in 90 per cent) and with BaCl2 (in 84 per cent). The results obtained are associated with the beta-adrenoblocking and with the membrane-stabilizing action of the compound. PMID- 44073 TI - [Value of diagnostic peritoneal irrigation in polytraumatized patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 44074 TI - [CT scanning in the diagnosis of a retroperitioneal haematoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 44075 TI - [The appearance of the so-called seat-belt-trauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 44076 TI - [Clinical aspects of lung injuries]. PMID- 44077 TI - [Eye injuries and corrective glasses (author's transl)]. PMID- 44078 TI - [Secondary operations after reimplantation. Possibilities and limitations of reconstruction]. PMID- 44079 TI - [Blunt injuries to the heart. Review of the literature]. PMID- 44080 TI - [Pericardial injuries in blunt chest injuries. Review of the literature]. PMID- 44081 TI - [Accidental injuries of the coronary vessels. Review of the literature]. PMID- 44083 TI - [Penetrating wounds of the heart. Review of the literature]. PMID- 44082 TI - [Lesions of the hepatic veins and of the retrohepatic vena cava after contused abdominal trauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 44084 TI - [The etiology of the refracture of the forearm in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The etiology of the refracture after forearm fractures in childhood has been studied in a follow-up examination of 199 patients with dislocated forearm fractures. The incidence of the refracture was 13%. In all cases the primary fracture was a greenstick fracture of at least one of the two forearm bones. The incompletely broken through greenstick fracture was found to be significantly responsible for the refracture. Duration of immobilisation or residual axis deviation at consolidation showed no relationship. The pathophysiology is briefly discussed. In every greenstick-fracture of the forearm the necessity of completing the fracture by total reposition is emphasized to prevent a refracture. PMID- 44085 TI - [First experiences with the external mini-fixator of Jaquet (author's transl)]. AB - The external mini-fixator of Jaquet is a new way for external stabilization in hand surgery. The technique of applying the external mini-fixator is described and the results in the treatment of 23 cases of infected non-unions, non-unions with defect and arthrodeses are reported. PMID- 44086 TI - [Mechanical force exercised on the elbow joint in olecranon fractures (author's transl)]. AB - Opinion is fairly unanimous on the need for surgical treatment of disclocated olecranon fractures. However, opinions differ regarding the mechanical backgrounds and practical application of the presently widely used tension wiring. The article attempts to clarify the picture of the forces involved in the humero-ulnar joint. Basing on the points of attack of these forces and on the influence of the ligamentum collaterale ulnare, the fractures are subdivided into three groups with individual demands on the respective fixation method and the permissible post-operative exercise therapy. Post-operative plaster immobilisation is not indicated in these cases. PMID- 44087 TI - [Fractures of the calcaneus. Orthopaedicotechnical management and long-term results following surgical or conservative first treatment (author's transl)]. AB - 75 fractures of the calcaneus were followed up in a long-term study in 64 patients. 27 of these patients were older than 10 years. 22 were operated (or reoperated) later. 16 of these received a double arthrodesis. The early and late results were compared. There was no difference between the results obtained with the surgically treated and the conservatively treated patients (functional or closed repositioning and plaster cast). The late operations are discussed. Emphasis is given to the orthopaedicotechnical possibilities which, in the authors' opinion, should be utilised more often. PMID- 44088 TI - [Ossifications of soft parts after operative treatment of luxation fractures of the ankle joint (author's transl)]. AB - Operative treatment of luxation fractures of the ankle joint has caused a drop in poor late results, to one-quarter of the total number of patients compared with about one-half with the conservative procedure. Part of the unsatisfactory results is caused by ossifications in region of the interosseous membrane and tibiofibular syndesmoses. The incidence of such ossifications within a closed series of 200 own operatively treated cases was examined and pathogenetic factors were discussed. Further improvement of the treatment results of ankle joint fractures appears possible via subtle operation technique and omission of routine application of fixation screws for safeguarding lesions of the syndesmoses. PMID- 44089 TI - [Tessellated epithelium cancers in a traumatic chronic ulcer (author's transl)]. AB - The major part of chronic skin ulcers resulting from a trauma show no tela peculiarities during the whole of their development apart from the formation of chronic granulation tissue. In a few cases there is a malign degeneration, which is often detected too late. Based on the experience of two cases, the necessity of exercising a precise control of their development is pointed out. This can be achieved by taking biopsies and by histological treatment. PMID- 44090 TI - [Treatment of the relapsing dislocation of the patella (author's transl)]. AB - From 1970-1977, twenty-five patients were given surgical treatment for relapsing dislocation of the patella. The mean age of the patients was 22 years. The case material consisted of 18 female and 7 male patients. The average frequency rate of dislocation was three to fifteen times. (Reported from the BB-Accident Hospital Tubingen). The combined surgical method with gracilis muscle restraint described by Krogius, was used in this clinic in view of its traditionally successful application. Additional antepositioning of the patella according to Bandi was effected in intraoperatively discovered retropatellar arthrosis. Relapses of dislocation were reported in two cases. Good postoperative results were obtained in 14 patients, satisfactory results in 5 patients, and an unsatisfactory outcome in three patients. Redislocation was reported twice. Since this disease occurs preferably in juveniles, surgical treatment to prevent further dislocations should be effected well in time to avoid early retropatellar arthrosis. Since dislocations of the patella are frequently adjusted spontaneously without any treatment, critical and detailed anamnesis is imperative in every patient with a distorted knee joint. PMID- 44091 TI - [Late surgical treatment of traumatic rupture of the oesophagus (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on a 21-year old patient admitted on an in-patient basis after compressed air injury with a severe open craniocerebral lesion, and in whom the diagnosis of rupture of the oesophagus was made two weeks later only. Late surgical management by means of oesophagus suture and sealing of the diaphragm, was successful. The article discusses the symptoms and possibilities of treatment of traumatic rupture of the oesophagus, basing on the present case, and surgical treatment is advocated even if the 48-hour limit has been exceeded. PMID- 44092 TI - [Morphological changes in craniocerebral trauma (review of the literature)]. PMID- 44093 TI - [Vascular injuries in craniocerebral trauma and their complications (review of the literature)]. PMID- 44094 TI - [Studies on the vitreous as supporting tissue of retinal activity. II. Effects of pH changes of perfusate on in vitro ERG of rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 44095 TI - Immunization against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in the rat. A study on the use of antigen extracted from adult parasites and the parameters which influence the level of protection. AB - It was found that protective immunity in excess of 90% reduction in worm burden could be stimulated against Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats by using an extract of adult Nippostrongylus worms. The level of protection achieved was influenced by several factors. Thus, the use of Bordetella pertussis as adjuvant significantly increased the level of protection which, in addition, was shown to be influenced by the amount of worm antigen used. Furthermore, antigen administered in multiple doses was more effective than a single inoculum and, when using such a regime, the interval between doses was also found to be critical. The route of antigen administration was important and, while protection was achieved by subcutaneous and oral administration, the intraperitoneal route was the most effective. Using the optimal immunization regime of 3 doses of 5 mg worm protein and 4 x 10(10( B. pertussis organisms, as adjuvant, levels of protective immunity in excess of 90% reduction in worm burden were shown to exist for at least 60 days after the last dose. It was found that adult worm extracts did not stimulate any obvious immunity against larval forms of N. brasiliensis. PMID- 44096 TI - The ultrastructure of cultured Plasmodium gallinaceum ookinetes: a comparison of intact stages with forms damaged by extracts from blood fed, susceptible Aedes aegypti. AB - The ultrastructure of intact, mature and immature ookinetes of Plasmodium gallinaceum is compared with corresponding stages which have been damaged by Aedes aegypti extracts prepared during blood digestion. The study reveals some new details of ookinete ultrastructure. In particular the composition, development and mode of formation of the pellicle of plasmodial ookinetes is shown to be similar to that of other sporozoans. The pellicle is composed of three membranes, develops in the growing protrusion of the retort-shaped early ookinete and its inner layer is probably formed by fusion of peripheral vesicles. Staining with ruthenium red indicates the presence of a surface coat. Furthermore Golgi-like structures and lysosomes can be observed. After exposure to A. aegypti extracts the parasites exhibit signs of severe cell damage and degeneration, such as disintegration and vacuolization of the cytoplasm. Damage of the plasma membrane is demonstrated by its permeability for ruthenium red. Cell damage is particularly prominent in those cell parts which are not covered by the pellicle and therefore suggests a protective function for this structure. PMID- 44097 TI - Acid hydrolases of trypanosomatid flagellates. AB - Homogenates from 5 species of Trypanosomatids were screened for the presence of a series of acid hydrolases. The insect flagellae, Crithidia sp., contains 5 enzymes reminiscent of plant parasitism, which were absent from or of very low specific activity in parasites of the genera, Trypanosoma and Leishmania. The latter mammalian parasites, on the other hand, exhibited higher acid proteinase and alpha-D-mannosidase activity levels. PMID- 44098 TI - Identification by the blood incubation infectivity test of Trypanosoma brucei subspecies isolated from game animals in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. AB - A total of 7 stocks of Trypanosoma brucei subspecies, isolated from naturally infected game animals in the Luangwa Valley, Eastern Province, Zambia were examined using a modified version of the Blood Incubation Infectivity Test (BIIT). One stock giving consistent BIIT responses typical of T.b. rhodesiense, was obtained from warthog (Phacochoerus aethiopicus). Four other stocks, 2 from hyaena (Crocuta crocuta), 1 from a waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) and 1 from a lion (Panthera leo) responded like T.b. brucei. One stock from a waterbuck and 1 from a giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) failed to infect mice after incubation in human serum for 30 min at 37 degrees C when first tested, but after 5 or 6 further serial passages in mice and even with serum incubation time increased to 5 h, they retained infectivity. PMID- 44099 TI - A trypanosomiasis survey of wild animals in the Luangwa Valley, Zambia. AB - Between 1971 and 1974 546 wild animals of 34 species were examined for trypanosomes; 79 infections (9 mixed) were diagnosed and 29 stocks were cryopreserved. Of 14 stocks of the subgenus Trypanozoon tested by the blood incubation infectivity test three (two from Kobus ellipsiprymnus and one from Phacochoerus aethiopicus) retained their infectivity to rodents. There are indications that the number of animals harbouring trypanosomes is far in excess of those showing detectable parasitaemias even when using a combination of diagnostic methods. The standard microhaematocrit method involving microscopic examination of the buffy layer from a microhaematocrit tube between a slide and coverslip, and the inoculation of experimental animals produced the most satisfactory results. PMID- 44100 TI - Ixodes ricinus: vector of a hitherto undescribed spotted fever group agent in Switzerland. AB - A tick/rickettsial survey in various parts of Switzerland revealed the presence of a new, hitherto undescribed spotted fever group rickettsia ("Swiss agent") in up to 11.7% of I. ricinus collected off vegetation. Infection in ticks was found to be generalized with rickettsiae developing intracellularly and occasionally also intranuclearly. As a result of massive growth in ovarial tissues, including the germinative cells, the rate of transovarial and filial infection was 100%. The "Swiss agent" appears to be nonpathogenic for guinea pigs, domestic rabbits, and Swiss mice, but in male meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus) it produces a microscopically detectable infection in the tunica vaginalis. The rickettsia grows well in tissue culture systems including chick embryo fibroblast, Vero, and vole tissue cells, when inoculated via yolk sac into 5-day-old hens' eggs, it kills 100% of the embryos after 5 to 7 days. Antigenic relatedness of the "Swiss agent" to rickettsiae of the spotted fever group was indicated by indirect and direct fluorescent antibody staining. Preliminary serologic typing by microimmunofluorescence and by microagglutination indicated that the "Swiss agent" differs from all prototype strains of spotted fever group rickettsiae studied so far. PMID- 44101 TI - Tanzania filariasis project. Survey methodology and clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis. AB - In a Bancroftian filariasis survey on the coast of Tanzania microfilaria rates rose with age reaching 53% in the 60-69 year group followed by a slight fall above this age. The most important clinical manifestations were hydrocoele, funiculitis and elephantiasis, with hydrocoele presenting the most serious public health problem. Hydrocoele rates increased with age reaching 90% above the age of 70. The highest proportion of large hydrocoeles were also in the older age groups. A satisfactory methodology was established for the planning of future surveys leading to control. PMID- 44102 TI - Water absorption from human jejunum in the presence of systemic bacterial infection. PMID- 44103 TI - Cultivation of vertebrate infective forms derived from metacyclic forms of pleomorphic Trypanosoma brucei stocks. Short communication. PMID- 44104 TI - Chemotherapy of bovine theileriosis with Halofuginone. Short communication. PMID- 44105 TI - Sixth life sciences symposium: the impact of energy production on health. II. The development and communication of health information. September 13-15, 1978. PMID- 44106 TI - Desensitization of test anxiety: hypnosis compared with biofeedback. PMID- 44107 TI - Gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease in man. A clinicopathologic study of the rectal biopsy. AB - Evaluation of the diagnostic utility of the rectal biopsy in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), using the crypt abscess as a major diagnostic criterion, was based on 52 patients who had received marrow allografts for leukemia or aplastic anemia. Thirty-six of these patients had acute GVHD by skin biopsy criteria. These 36 patients demonstrated a strong association of the rectal crypt abscess with severity of clinical GVHD. High stool volume also correlated strongly with the crypt abscess. Patients without clear evidence of GVHD usually had normal rectal histology. Serial studies showed a good correlation of rectal biopsy results with the clinical course of acute GVHD. Patients with chronic GVHD had rectal mucosal damage only during the acute phase. Rectal ileal and cecal disease accurately. The rectal biopsy is a useful adjunct to serial skin biopsies in the diagnosis of GVHD in man. PMID- 44109 TI - [Apropos of psychogenic and psychotherapeutic concepts of acrophobias]. PMID- 44108 TI - The effect of beta-adrenergic blocking agents on DOCA-induced hypertensive state in rats. PMID- 44110 TI - [Emphysema and "emphysembronchitis" in the age and their treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Short review about pathogenesis, morphology and pathophysiology of emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Critical remarks to the terminology. Following reference to the peculiarity oft both diseases, their mutual influence and the necessity of differential diagnosis. Both diseases are incurable but treatable. At last review about therapeutic possibilities. PMID- 44111 TI - [Acute pulmonary oedema in old age and its treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 44112 TI - [Bronchial obstruction in the aged--symptom or diagnosis? (author's transl)]. AB - Airflow obstruction is not a clinical entity. The presence of obstruction has to be documented, at least by a timed forced vital capacity. Consequently, information must be sought about the quality and severness of the functional disturbance (pathogenesis, reversibility by medication, follow-ups). Because of the great number of possible irritants and responses, the differentiation of bronchial and extrabronchial obstruction is of great importance for the elderly patient (bronchitis plus emphysema?). The impact of other disorders on the bronchi is being discussed (e.g. pulmonary embolism, left heart failure). These considerations should be part of the routine before therapy is being initiated. PMID- 44113 TI - [Pulmonary embolism in the elderly patient (author's transl)]. AB - Pulmonary embolism has a high incidence in old patients and is often not recognized. In most cases the embolism is of unknown origin, although the deep venous system of the lower extremities is involved in almost 95%. The diagnostic procedure consists of evaluation of clinical symptoms and findings. ECG and chest X-ray are often not conclusive. Confirmation of the diagnosis is possible by ventilation-perfusion scanning of the lung. Pulmonary angiography is of no value in the elderly patient, because of the lack of consequences. Besides local therapy of a thrombosis, therapy consists of administration of heparin, while oral anticoagulation should be used only with precaution. The efficacy of platelet aggregation inhibiting substances remains to be determined. The main point are prophylactic measures in patients with risk factors or in high risk situation. PMID- 44114 TI - Estimation of cardio-pulmonary function by means of the age equivalent. AB - Many of the cardio-pulmonary function variables depend on age showing a deterioration with increasing age. Reversing this relationship age can be estimated by cardio-pulmonary variables. In the present study, age was estimated using a multiple regression equation including variables measured at rest and at exercise. The difference between estimated and chronological age is called the age equivalent. (delta A). Formulas for estimating delta A have been established in 59 strictly defined normal subjects and applied on groups of athletes, smokers and foundry workers. Using the delta A, factors such as physical fitness, smoking habits, heaviness of work and dust exposure can be discriminated. It is concluded that the age equivalent is more useful in epidemiological surveys than in individual analysis of functional capacity. The age equivalent may be an approach to data reduction in cardio-pulmonary function analysis. PMID- 44116 TI - [Examinations of the pulmonary function of untrained and physically trained old men (author's transl)]. AB - In tests there were determined the vital capacity and absolute and relative seconds capacity of 180 physical-trained sportsmen aged 55 to 89 and of 175 untrained, but clinically healthy test persons. The results of the different age intervals are compared statistically. It was noticed, that vital capacity and absolute seconds-capacity of both groups decrease statistically significant with the age. Vital capacity and seconds capacity are in all age-intervals on a higher level with the trained sportsmen than the control group. The relative seconds capacity showed no significant difference between the two groups. There is a clear statistic connexion between the vital capacity and the time obtained in a 5 000 meters run. One can suppose that in contrast to juvenile sportsmen a good pulmonary function is a contributory determinant of the performance of old sportsmen. PMID- 44115 TI - [Investigations of the weights and water content as well as of the DNA-synthesis and DNA-content of mesenchymal and parenchymal organs of the rat, prenatal and postnatal (author's transl)]. PMID- 44117 TI - [Influenza immunization, clinical results and serological tests (author's transl)]. AB - 207 patients of a geriatric department were immunized against influenza with either tween-ether-split-vaccine or subunit-vaccine in a double blind study. For 6 months the following data were daily registered: rest in bed, fever over 38,5 degrees C, rhinitis, laryngopharingitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, enteritis, medication with antibiotics or chemotherapeutics. In cases with fever over 38,5 degrees C blood tests were taken for serological examination. The immune response against influenza A was excellent in both groups, the titer was higher in the subunit group, only one patient showed influenza infection. The immune response against the type B Hongkong was not satisfactory in both groups. The clinical data showed a significant lower incidence of rhinitis, laryngopharingitis and bronchitis in the group immunized with the tween-ether-split-vaccine. This effect was more distinct within the first 3 months after the immunization than within the second 3 months. PMID- 44118 TI - [Calcification of the ligament. ant. of the spina (disease of Forestier) (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of the examination on a rich old-age patient material it may be established that. 1. Radiomorphologically the Forestier's disease essentially differs from the banal spondylosis. 2. Age is of particular importance in its genesis -- it is primarily a disease of old age men. 3. It is localized for the most part on the dorsal vertebral part. 4. As compared to the multiple radiomorphological signs clinical symptoms are, in general, neglectable. 5. Additional search for the relationship with diabetic metabolic disturbances in gerontological patients seems advisable. PMID- 44119 TI - [The aging skin (author's transl)]. AB - Aging of the skin appears in circumscribed as well as in generalized forms. The localized alterations may be subdivided in such of inflammatory origin and in hyperplastic ones. The latter include benign and also precancerous tumors. The generalized and usually premature manifestations of cutaneous senescence are almost always part of some hereditary disease which frequently also affects the viscera, sense organs, skeleton, and the nervous system. PMID- 44121 TI - Alzheimer's disease or "Alzheimerism"? AB - Recognition that chronologic age is not per se a cause of dementia opens the way for a more active approach to Alzheimer-type dementias as a specific disease syndrome. "Alzheimerism" in many respects is to the cholinergic brain system what Parkinsonism is to the dopamineragic. Whether cell loss or choline acetyltransferase deficiency comes first is still unclear, as is the role of vasopressin. There is a real possibility that research might produce a palliative for ACh-based defects similar to the action of L-dopa in dopaminergic defects. PMID- 44120 TI - A study on liquid diet in geriatric patients. AB - The intake of energy and nutrients was studied during 16 days in nine geriatrics immobilized patients who had received a conventional liquid diet for an extended period of time. The intake of energy averaged only 870 kcal/24 h. Fat intake was very low, averaging 16 g/24 h, which corresponds to 17 per cent of the total energy intake. The mean protein intake was 33 g/24 h. To improve the energy and nutrient content a food supplementation was added to the liquid diet. During the following 16 days the intake of energy increased to a daily mean of 1380 kcal. Fat and protein intake increased to 38 and 73 g/24 h, respectively. No essential change in the volume consumed after addition of the food supplementation was observed. Urinary nitrogen excretion was analyzed during the study. A positive nitrogen balance occurred after the patients had received the food supplementation. PMID- 44122 TI - [Pharmacotoxic psychoses in patients with neurological disorders during old age (author's transl)]. AB - 23.3 per cent out of 180 old patients (age above 60 years, 71 y in the mean) suffering from chronic cerebral disorders (3 large groups of disease) developed pharmacotoxic psychoses. This relative high percentage can be explained by psychotoxic side effects of the modern antiparkinson-therapy. The incidence to psychotoxicity of combined L-Dopa seems to be less marked in patients without Parkinson's disease when compared to patients with progredient nigrostriatal degeneration. Toxic delirium as a result of treatment with antidepressants, diuretics and digitalis was observable only in a few percentage. This occurance was even less pronounced in comparison to acute developing exogene psychoses in the same group of patients when drugs were not administered. PMID- 44123 TI - [Action of an etimizol preparation in residual relaxation after anesthesia in gynecological patients]. PMID- 44124 TI - [The hypnotic effect of the new benzodiazepine derivative lormetazepam when given intravenously (author's transl)]. AB - 1. 7 groups of 3 healthy male volunteers each, at the age of 21--27 years received various doses of Lormetazepam (0.0635 to 4.0 mg/70 kg). -- 2. The drug was injected intravenously during 60 s. Before, during and up to 4 hours after the injections the EEG, eye-movements, ECG and respiration was recorded and blood pressures measured at given time intervals. -- 3. The vigilo-somnograms showed after the injections a change in the EEG-stages, indicating a reduction of alertness, transitions into reduced wakefulness or beginning stages of sleep. Corresponding to clinical signs one can speak with i.v. applied doses of 0.0635 to 0.5 mg/70 kg of tranquilizing, with 1 mg/70 kg of sedative and with 2--4 kg of hypnotic effects. There has been a good dosage-efficiency relation. -- 4. Side effects or unwarranted symptoms have not been seen during the clinical observations. PMID- 44125 TI - Reports of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists and other pertinent organizations. XXI. World Veterinary Congress Moscow, July 1--7, 1979. PMID- 44126 TI - [Dipidolor analgesia as a component in general anesthesia in operations with artificial circulation]. PMID- 44127 TI - [Importance of measuring erythrocyte pH]. PMID- 44128 TI - [Functional and morphological characteristics of the adrenals and kidney juxtaglomerular apparatus under the combined effects of narcotic substances and severe hypoxia]. PMID- 44129 TI - [Lactate acidosis]. PMID- 44131 TI - [Problems posed for the anesthetist-resuscitator by aortocoronary bypass surgery]. PMID- 44130 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of dipidolor]. PMID- 44132 TI - [Physiopathology of coronary stenosis]. AB - The blood and oxygen needs of the heart are considerable. At rest, the left ventricle uses twenty times as much oxygen as skeletal muscle and on effort its consumption is five times greater again. The level of extraction of oxygen from coronary blood by the myocardium is very high at rest and thus can only increase by limited amounts on effort. Coronary venous blood is the most desaturated in the body. Furthermore, the anaerobic capacity of the heart is limited. As a result, the increased oxygen needs of the heart on effort can be dealt with only an increase in coronary flow. There is in fact a balance between myocardial oxygen supply and needs. PMID- 44133 TI - [Effects of hypoxia on the coronary circulation and myocardial metabolism]. AB - The effects of hypoxia on coronary flow (Qcor) and myocardial metabolism differ according to whether the situation is acute, and transient, or chronic and prolonged (chronic hypoxia at high altitudes). Acute hypoxia induces a marked increase in Qcor which is associated, in the case of severe hypoxia, with the production of lactate and pyruvate in the coronary venous blood, indicating abnormal aerobic metabolism of the myocardium, blocked by the lack of oxygen. A study of the effects of chronic hypoxia at high altitudes (HA) carried out at 3700 metres in 17 normal subjects revealed a significant decrease (of 24 to 28 per cent) in Qcor in comparison with a group of 12 normal subjects studied at sea level, using the same method (method of KETY-SCHMIDT with N2O and tritiated water method). The finding at HA of a decrease in myocardial oxygen consumption for a given external cardiac work load in comparison with the sea level group would suggest an increase in left ventricular work yield. Associated with other favourable changes in the myocardium (increase in terminal and capillary circulation, quantitative and qualitative improvement in the respiratory enzyme chain) the apparently beneficial effects of chronic hypoxia at HA may be suggested as a means for the prevention of coronary disease. PMID- 44134 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of beta blockers]. AB - Beta-blockers have been used in cardiology for the past 15 years in three directions: angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypertension. The haemodynamic effects are real: --imposed bradycardia, whether the basal rhythm be sinus or atrial fibrillation; --confirmed myocardial depression which reduces the energy needs of the myocardium; --fall in systolic pressure, the mechanism of which remains open to discussion. The theories explaining these haemodynamic effects are reviewed. The harmful effects of these substances are defined, together with the drug combinations which may avoid or counteract them. PMID- 44135 TI - [Principles of analysis and the value of coronaro-ventriculography in coronary surgery]. AB - The examination which precedes any operation for revascularisation of the myocardium, coronaro-ventriculography, which has become a routine examination in specialised centres, should gain even further in reliability by anatomical examination of the vessels which it is used to study in vitro. A perfect knowledge of the distribution of the vessels (the numerous and sometimes unrecognised variations are a source of diagnostic error) and of the characteristics of the lesions (atheromatous in most cases) is essential for the accurate interpretation of a coronary arteriogram. Difficulties in analysis of the latter are numerous and the physician interpreting the examination should be fully aware of them before any decision regarding surgery is taken. Ventriculography routinely analyses, zone by zone, the contours of the left ventricle. In certain cases this segment study is associated with overall analysis of ventricular volumes and stroke fraction. PMID- 44136 TI - [The anesthesiologist and the hemodynamic effect of anti-arrhythmic agents (excluding beta blockers)]. AB - On the basis of a haemodynamic study involving the intravenous administration of disopyramide, a review is undertaken of the haemodynamic action of various anti arrhythmics likely to be used pre- or peroperatively by the anaesthetist. All anti-arrhythmic agents have possible haemodynamic properties which may prove troublesome for the anaesthetist: --all (with the possible exception of bretylium tosylate) have negative inotropic properties; --all (with the exception of disopyramide) decrease peripheral resistance. These effects are as a rule slight in the healthy subject but may give rise to difficulties during anaesthesia of a patient with a damaged myocardium. PMID- 44137 TI - [Anesthesia for aorto-coronary bypass]. AB - The authors have analysed a series of 357 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass. The onset of complications was studied in relation to the past history, the anaesthetic protocol, the period of extra-corporeal circulation and the type of myocardial protection. Complications consisted of acute hypertensive episodes, arrhythmias, peroperative myocardial ischemia and myocardial infarction. The degree of beta-blocker therapy and above all its continuation up to the time of operation would seem to be an important factor in effective myocardial protection. PMID- 44138 TI - [The anesthetic consequences of beta blockers during myocardial revascularization surgery: study of total blood volume and total peripheral vascular resistance]. PMID- 44139 TI - [Anesthesia-recovery from aorto-coronary bypass surgery (100 recent cases)]. AB - The authors report their experience of anaesthesia and postoperative recovery in cases of myocardial revascularisation surgery. On the basis of their last 100 bypass operations, they define the problems encountered according to the operative indications, previous treatment and the surgical technique, and attempt to provide answers to these problems. The difficulties (arrhythmias, myocardial ischaemia, hypertensive crises) occurred during the first 48 hours. They then consider the most current problem, that of the preoperative treatment of these patients (nitroglycerine, beta-blockers, amiodarone). They conclude that, paradoxically, in this type of surgery the operative risk is low as long as the indication for surgery is valid and myocardial protection effective. PMID- 44140 TI - [Accidents and complications seen during anesthesia and postoperative recovery in coronary surgery]. AB - One hundred and six cases of myocardial revascularisation ECC performed during 1976 and 1977 were reviewed in order to assess the accidents and complications seen in surgery of this type. The course of the operation, and above all during the pre-ECC phase, was felt to be marked above all by hypertensive crises. During the immediate postoperative phase the picture was dominated by haemodynamic problems. Moderate left ventricular failure was common and responded rapidly to restoration of water and electrolyte and blood volume balance. Sympathomimetic amines were also used as necessary. Severe low output states were seen in only 8.5 per cent of cases. Analysis of factors interfering with the operation showed that the prior myocardial state had the most influence on the postoperative course. PMID- 44141 TI - [Problems encountered by the anesthetist-intensive care specialist during aorto coronary bypass surgery]. AB - The authors analysed a series of 400 aorto-coronary bypasses performed between 1970 and April 1978. A notable improvement in the statistics was seen during the second period between 1976 and April 1978. During this period, 248 patients were operated upon with a mortality of 4 per cent. The progress made was in large part attributed to improved preoperative assessment, in particular a complete ventricular assessment, improved peroperative myocardial protection and the use of the intra-aortic counter-pressure balloon and of sodium nitroprussiate. PMID- 44142 TI - [Problems encountered by the anesthetist-intensive care specialist during aorto coronary bypass surgery]. AB - The authors studied a series of 288 patients undergoing surgery for aorto coronary bypass. The anaesthetic protocol and operative protocol are described and particular emphasis is placed upon the aortic clamp time. Mortality and peri operative complications are then analysed. The treatment of such complications is based essentially upon vasodilators and where necessary intra-aortic counter pressure balloon device to provide circulatory assistance. PMID- 44143 TI - [Accidents and complications during aorto-coronary bypass surgery. 100 cases]. AB - Using a series of 100 patients undergoing aorto-coronary bypass surgery in the department of Professor MATHEY at Laennec Hospital, the authors analyse the incidence of accidents and complications during the per- and postoperative phases. Acute hypertensive crises accounted for the most common complication, occurring in 49 per cent of cases. The authors attribute these hypertensive crises to inadequate neuroplegia in the anaesthetic protocol. Other complications are analysed in relation to the type of myocardial protection. PMID- 44144 TI - [Risk factors in coronary artery bypass surgery. 55 observations]. AB - The incidence of complications after aorto-coronary bypass surgery were studied in a series of 55 patients in relation to the duration of extra-corporeal circulation and the value of myocardial protection. The length of the period of extra-corporeal circulation played a significant role in the onset of complications whilst there was no significant difference between the group of patients operated upon under hypothermia and those in normothermia. PMID- 44145 TI - [Complications and anesthetic protocol during coronary arteriography at the Henri Mondor Hospital - report of 1977-1978]. AB - Four hundred and sixty cases of selective coronary arteriography were collected at the Henri Mondor Hospital over a period of one year. All were carried out under conscious neuroleptanalgesia. This technique would appear to offer: comfort for the operator and patient and the prevention of complications. PMID- 44146 TI - [Anesthesia and intensive care during aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Prospective study of 162 consecutive cases]. AB - The authors studied a series of 162 patients undergoing surgery for aorto coronary bypass by saphenous graft. In each case, the anesthetic technique was classical neuroleptanalgesia. Per and postoperative care included standard water and electrolyte balance, hpeparinisation from the 12th hour and routine prophylactic antibiotics. In addition, special treatment was given whenever necessary: vasodilators, essentially IV nitroglycerine; catecholamines; anti arrhytmic agents; intra-aortic counter pulse balloon. The autors evaluate the effects of the use of these different types of treatment, in particular on electrocardiographic abnormalities and haemodynamic complications and analyse peri-operative mortality and morbidity. PMID- 44147 TI - [Prevention of complications following aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Proposed solutions]. AB - In the light of per- and post-operative complications seen in the past, the most suitable anaesthetic protocol for aorto-coronary bypass surgery would appear to be neuroleptanalgesia. This anaesthetic technique appears to decrease the incidence of per- and postoperative hypertensive crises. In addition, the use of cardioplegia also made it possible to decrease the incidence of postoperative complications in a recent group of 39 patients. PMID- 44148 TI - [Effect of drugs used in anesthesia on endocardial viability ratio (EVR) in cardiac surgery]. AB - Endocardial viability ratio, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, central venous pressure and left ventricular diastolic pressure were examined in 50 patients undergoing one or more aorto-coronary grafts. General anaesthesia was obtained by morphine, diazepam, pancuronium and a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide. Morphine anesthesia did not effect EVR. Only mean arterial pressure showed a significant increase at the time of surgical stimulation. During sternotomy, EVR fell progressively in patients with hypertension. Tachycardia alone did not modify it. This hypertension was better treated by sodium nitroprussiate than by halothane or enflurane with regard to protection of the sub-endocardial layer against ischaemia. Under the influence of sodium nitroprussiate EVR rapidly reached values greater than those obtained under halothane or enflurane. In the hour following extra-corporeal circulation, endocardial viability ratio improved without any significant variation in classical haemodynamic parameters. PMID- 44149 TI - [Role of premedication in the prevention of accidents during aorto-coronary bypass]. AB - Study of the type of premedication used in aorto-coronary bypass surgery involved 60 clinical cases of patients operated upon in the department of Professor GALEY (Henri Mondor Hospital, Creteil). The choice of drugs used showed the important role of tranquilisers and anxiolytics: diazepam, dipotassium chlorazepate, to which, in the majority of cases, were added an antihistamine: promethazine and a parasympatholytic: atropine. No accidents or complications were seen during the pre-anaesthetic period, and above all during the induction of anaesthesia in these patients, more than half of whom were in major cardiovascular decompensation. This would appear to confirm the efficacy of the drugs chosen for the premedication of these patients. PMID- 44150 TI - [Retrospective study of recent variations in patient recruitment for aorto coronary bypass surgery and the prognostic significance of new therapeutic propositions]. AB - Seventy four records of aorto-coronary bypass surgery have been examined. Three groups were made up, succeeding each other in time, characterised by changes in factors of gravity, therapeutic solutions and early clinical results. Five patients underwent peroperative haemodynamic assessment in order to attemps to define the role of nitroglycerine used during this period. The results obtained were such that it is reasonable to suspect the existence of potentialisation of therapeutic benefits under the influence of nitroglycerine for injection, in patients previously treated with beta-inhibitors. PMID- 44151 TI - [Problems posed for the anesthetist-resuscitator by aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Possible consequences of anesthesia. Attempts at prevention. Retrospective study of 353 cases]. PMID- 44152 TI - [Role of intra-aortic balloon pumping in coronary surgery for stenosis of the left common coronary trunk]. AB - Surgical treatment for stenosis of the left main coronary artery is associated with a high risk related to particular vulnerability to acute myocardial ischaemia during the period of induction of anaesthesia. Eight cases of stenosis of the left main coronary artery undergoing surgery with preoperative insertion of an intra-aortic counter-pressure balloon are reported here. The results - eight successes - as opposed to four failures seen prior to the use of this technique and in similar cases, leads the authors to suggest stenoses of the left main coronary artery as a further criterion indicating the need for routine preoperative intra-aortic counter-pressure PMID- 44153 TI - [A case. Reflections on visits to children in intensive care units]. PMID- 44154 TI - [Pathology of endocrine polyneoplasms (polyadenomatoses) (author's transl)]. AB - The term "endocrine polyadenomatoses" includes two types of pathological entities in which there are an association of at least two endocrine tumors having no physiological relationships, and hereditary familial characteristics: Wermer's syndrome (Type I): pancreatic endocrine tumor, pituitary adenoma, and hyperplasia or adenoma of the parathyroids. Sipple' syndrome (Type II): medullary thyroid cancer, one of two pheochromocytomas, and parathyroid hyperplasia. The multifocal character of the pancreatic D-cell lesions in the first type, and the bilateral nature of the thyroid and adrenal lesions in the second type are particular features of each of them. Apart from some parathyroid lesions, for which the origin is still debatable, these endocrine tumors enter into the framework of the apudomes and are derived therefore from the neural crest. The association of other tumoral varieties of the APUD (carcinoid) type with nervous tissue tumors, and with dysmorphic anomalies suggests that these syndromes are the expression of a dysgenesis affecting more or less completely, structures derived from the neural crest. PMID- 44155 TI - [Physiology, physiopathology, and classification of polyendocrine adenomatosis (author's transl)]. AB - The various elements derived from the neural crest are reviewed and their relationship with the APUD system discussed. The resulting physiopathological consequences imply that there is a common embryonic origin for cells which appear to be unrelated. A classification of the various pathological affections involving these cells, is proposed. PMID- 44156 TI - [Hormone assays in polyadenomatosis (author's transl)]. AB - Radioimmunological assays of peptidic hormone levels is now an essential procedure for the diagnosis of polyadenomatosis. The diversity of pathological associations found in polyadenomatosis cannot be completely explained by the unitary theories that have been proposed. Neither the APUD system, nor the common embryonic origin, nor the reduction in calcitonin excretion can fully explain the clinical picture: a logical explanation has still to be discovered. In practice, ectopic secretions are frequent in type 2 polyadenomatosis (medullary cancer, pheochromocytoma, neurofibroma, Marfan's syndrome, hyperparathyroidism) contrary to what is observed in type 1 cases (pituitary, parathyroid, pancreas). PMID- 44157 TI - [Wermer's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a brief report on a familial case of Wermer's syndrome, and review the principal characteristics of this "multiple endocrine neoplasm" which usually affects the parathyroids, pancreas, and anterior pituitary. PMID- 44158 TI - [Sipple's syndrome: type II endocrine polyneoplasia (author's transl)]. AB - Sipple's syndrome is a generally familial polyneoplastic affection associating a medullary thyroid cancer and a pheochromocytoma. The overall picture of the syndrome has, in fact, become larger now that it is known that there is previous hyperplasia of thyroid C cells and chromaffin cells in relation to neoplasms. Increase in plasma thyrocalcitonin levels is the best indicator of medullary cancer, and the discovery of this hormone in pheochromocytomas has shown the secretory origin of the two tumors, the cells of which have a common embryological origin in the neural crest. Sipple's syndrome is often associated with hyperparathyroidism, hyperplasia without adenoma (endocrine polyneoplasia type II a), or phacomatosis and a dystrophic condition (type II b or III). The authors discuss the nosology of the syndrome and its relation to the diffuse endocrine and APUD systems. PMID- 44159 TI - [Endocrine polyadenomatosis: progressive neurocristopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Endocrine polyadenomatosis forms but a part of the larger group of neurocristopathy disorders. This term includes those affections due to lesions of cells, tissues, or organs derived from the neural crest. The common origin of the various neuro-endocrine cells within the neural crest suggests that there is a denominator of embryologic pathogenicity for the different polyendocrine affections. Knowledge of these is essential for early diagnosis of the different neuro-endocrine lesions, together with a systematic search for any familial associations. PMID- 44160 TI - [Prolactin adenoma and Wermer's syndrome. A 10-year follow-up of a case with two parathyroid tumors, as adrenal adenoma, and a malignant pancreatic tumor (author's transl)]. AB - A man of 38 years of age was found to have a type I endocrine polyadenomatosis in 1969. He was operated upon for removal of tumor of the islets of Langerhans with lymph gland metastases, and the head of the pancreas was removed. This was followed at a later date by ablation of two parathyroid adenomas. A clinically silent adenoma of the left adrenal was not removed and a silent and enclosed pituitary tumore was discovered. There were no clinical or hormonal signs of progression of the pancreatic tumor ten years later, but hypertension and behavioural disorders had developed. Catecholamine levels were normal. Selective blood aldosterone levels were just within significant values. A massive increase in prolactin secretion (more than 100 times the normal) was noted. This could be reduced by bromocriptine, and the possible role of prolactin in the behavioural disorders present is discussed. PMID- 44161 TI - [Double paraneoplastic syndrome and anaplastic carcinoma of the lung. ADH and ACTH levels in the tumoral tissue (author's transl)]. AB - A double paraneoplasic syndrome with hypersecretion of ADH and ACTH revealed the presence of a small cell bronchial cancer in a man aged 62 years. Water and electrolyte anomalies due to the hypersecretions were of such a degree that an occlusive syndrome occurred. Very high levels of ADH and ACTH were found in the tumoral tissue. The measurement of these levels is rarely conducted at the present time but was able to define the mechanism of abnormal secretion of these two hormones in this case. PMID- 44162 TI - [Periarteritis nodosa in an addict with a hepatitis B injection (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a case of a drug addict with a hepatitis B who was found to have periarteritis nodosa and a nephrotic syndrome. The course was rapidly fatal and autopsy confirmed the diagnosis. This new case questions the hypothesis suggested of possible toxicity of hard drugs (especially the amphetamines) as being an etiological factor for periarteritis nodosa observed in addicts. Hepatitis B virus, which is involved in the etiology of periarteritis nodosa and some nephrotic syndromes (also reported in addicts) is, in fact, very prevalent in users of hard drugs by the parenteral route. PMID- 44163 TI - [Lupos erythematosus discovered during the course of a toxicodermia (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describes four cases of lupus erythematosus (LE) diagnosed during the course of a medication toxicodermia, which was always acute and variable in its severity (in one case it concerned a Lyell's syndrome). The lupus affection was made evident by the toxicodermia and lupic manifestations may regress spontaneously after recovery from the skin disorder. This emphasizes the value of clinical and biological testing for the presence of LE in severe cases of toxicodermia in women, more particularly immunofluorescent studies of the basal structures in the cutaneous lesions. PMID- 44165 TI - [Kawasaki disease complicated by thrombosis of the internal carotid artery]. PMID- 44164 TI - Some characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus (penicillin-sensitive and resistant groups) isolated from healthy individuals (Nsukka, Nigeria). PMID- 44166 TI - [Betablockers and skin (author's transl)]. AB - Up to now betablockers, with the exception of erythermalgia, have been rarely used as therapeutic agents in dermatology. However, cutaneous drug reactions are numerous. A review of the literature about practolol cutaneous effects and their possible mechanisms has shown that a great variety of clinical states can be encountered. All betablockers have been known to produce harmful side effects, although less frequently. In conclusion, the description of each new case of cutaneous drug reaction probably due to betablocker must be assessed. PMID- 44167 TI - [Meeting of the World Ceratopogonidae Group in Warsaw, 1978. Abstracts]. PMID- 44168 TI - Lethal irradiation: treatment with immune cell populations. AB - Lethally irradiated mice have been successfully treated by the inoculation of allogeneic spleen cell populations, without the development of a secondary graft versus-host (GVH) reaction. This has been accomplished by eliminating those cells responsible for GVH reaction, using a density gradient ultracentrifugation technique. The therapeutic potential for this technique is great. It may well provide a modus operandi to treat patients exposed to otherwise lethal doses of radiation, as well as facilitate therapy of patients with cancer and immune deficiency diseases. PMID- 44169 TI - Orotic acid and non-protein nitrogen overload in sheep. AB - Experiments were conducted in sheep to investigate the protective effect of orotic acid versus acetic acid (0.2 g/kg body weight) against the effects of the administration of urea (0.5 g/kg) into the rumen. Blood ammonia levels, motility of the reticulo rumen and food intake were measured. The quantity of ammonia nitrogen produced in the rumen was only 162 +/- 21 mg NH3-N/100 ml 2 hours after the urea and orotic acid addition instead of 229 +/- 31 mg NH3-N for urea and acetic acid. The blood ammonia level was reduced by 47% when orotic acid was used instead of acetic acid. The long-lasting inhibition of the contractions of the reticulo-rumen by urea was restricted to 120 and 80 min by acetic and orotic acid respectively. The amount of food intake which was halved by urea was only reduced by 40.7% when both acetic acid and urea were administered. Reduction in the amount of food intake due to urea was suppressed by the administration of orotic acid. PMID- 44170 TI - Evolution of the postnatal metabolism in the healthy or diarrhoeic calf. PMID- 44171 TI - Physiology of the retina. PMID- 44172 TI - Opiate receptors and opioid peptides. PMID- 44173 TI - Biochemistry of neurotransmitter release. PMID- 44174 TI - Modulatory actions of neurotransmitters. AB - A relatively shorttime ago the individual neuron was viewed as functioning by means of the simple summation of brief inhibitory or excitatory events. The complexity of the nervous system was the outcome largely of the connections between neurons. Recent studies have uncovered a new set of phenomena that indicate that relatively complex information processing may occur at the level of the individual neuron. For example, rather than producing additive effects, synaptic inputs can produce multiplicative effects that serve to alter the gain of the system. In addition, synaptic inputs may be able to alter specific classes of other inputs selectively. One could envision that each class of synaptic input to a cell could be selectively depressed or enhanced by a corresponding modulatory input. Since the modulatory actions can be transmitted intracellularly via second messengers, an extensive array of presynaptic connections may be unnecessary. It remains to be determined which of the modulatory phenomena currently reviewed are functionally important and which are only pharmacological or experimental curiosities. Are there any common attributes of the various synaptic phenomena that have been termed modulatory? The most common features of modulatory synaptic effects are long-duration of action and contingent action. Contingent action refers to the property that modulatory transmitters often have little or no effects in themselves, but instead they alter the effects of other events. Long-duration and contingent action endow modulatory effects with properties ideally suited to the control of behavioral modulations such as learning, motivational state, arousal, and sensitization. While there is no necessary connection between behavioral modulation and neural modulation, the available evidence from invertebrates suggests that there often is a connection. It is likely that examples of neuromodulation in vertebrates also will be tied to behavioral modulation. PMID- 44175 TI - Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum type A under various fermentation conditions. AB - The time of appearance and the quantity of toxin produced by the Hall strain of Clostridium botulinum type A were examined under various conditions. A 70-liter fermentor and a complex medium consisting of 2% casein hydrolysate and 1% yeast extract plus an appropriate concentration of glucose were employed. Optimal conditions for toxin production were as follows: a nitrogen overlay at a rate of 5 liters/min, an agitation rate of 50 rpm, a temperature of 35 degrees C, and an initial glucose concentration of 1.0% with the pH uncontrolled. Under these conditions, the maximum toxin concentration (6.3 x 10(5) mouse median lethal doses/ml) was attained within 24 h. Cell lysis was apparently not required to obtain maximum toxin concentrations under the fermentation conditions described. PMID- 44176 TI - Effect of environmental stress on Clostridium difficile toxin levels during continuous cultivation. AB - A method for the continuous culture of Clostridium difficile has been described. It has been shown that subjecting continuous cultures of this microorganism to environmental stress results in increased levels of toxin in culture medium. Factors found to cause this release include alteration of the Eh from --360 to +100 mV or increasing the temperature from 37 to 45 degrees C. The increased toxin levels were not associated with a change in viable cell density or the numbers of spores present. Additional studies have shown that subinhibitory concentrations of vancomycin and penicillin, but not clindamycin, also cause an increase in toxin levels during continuous culture. The increase in supernatant toxin levels occurs concomitant with a decrease in sonicated cell extract toxin levels. The data suggest that a number of factors can cause a release of toxin from C. difficile into the surrounding medium. PMID- 44177 TI - Toxicity of parasporal crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis to mosquitoes. AB - Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (ONR-60A/WHO 1897) parasporal crystals to three medically important mosquito larvae is described. The numbers of larvae killed are in relation to crystal dry weight. The crystals are lethally toxic to Aedes aegypti Linnaeus (mean 50% lethal concentration [LC50] = 1.9 x 10(-4) micrograms/ml), Culex pipiens var. quinquefasciatus Say (LC50 = 3.7 x 10(-4) micrograms/ml), and Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann (LC50 = 8.0 x 10(-3) micrograms/ml). Purfied crystals of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, which are toxic to lepidopteran insects, are ineffective against the mosquito larvae. Likewise, B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis parasporal crystals are not efficacious for larvae of the lepidopteran, Manduca sexta. PMID- 44178 TI - Enterovirus inactivation in soil. AB - The inactivation of radioactively labeled poliovirus type 1 and coxsackievirus B 1 in soils saturated with surface water, groundwater, and septic tank liquor was directly proportional to temperature. Virus persistence was also related to soil type and the liquid amendment in which viruses were suspended. At 37 degrees C, no infectivity was recovered from saturated soil after 12 days; at 4 degrees C, viruses persisted for at least 180 days. No infectivity was recovered from dried soil regardless of temperature, soil type, or liquid amendment. Additional experiments showed that evaporation of soil water was largely responsible for the decreased recovery of infectivity from drying soil. Increased rates of virus inactivation at low soil moisture levels were also demonstrated. PMID- 44179 TI - Heberden Society: combined meeting, July 1979. PMID- 44180 TI - Therapeutic scope of beta-adrenergic blocking agents. PMID- 44181 TI - Phenotypic changes in the chemistry of Aspergillus nidulans: influence of culture conditions on mycelial composition. AB - A quantitative study was made of macromolecular (nucleic acids, protein), carbohydrate and mineral (magnesium, potassium and phosphorus) components of Aspergillus nidulans in glucose limited chemostat cultures, under varying conditions of dilution rate, temperature, pH and NaCl concentration. The overall mineral content showed greatest variation in response to changes in culture salinity, which also affected the mycelial carbohydrate content. Concomitant and opposite changes in the content of cations and carbohydrates under conditions of increasing salinity may be interpreted in terms of mycelial osmoregulation. Slight variations in DNA content but gross fluctuations in the level of RNA were noted under the different cultural conditions examined. Co-ordinate changes in RNA and Mg2+ contents were evident only under certain conditions: dilution rate from 0.05--0.07 h-1 or temperature from 22--30 degrees C. The constant molar stoichiometry between RNA and Mg2+ characteristic of unicellular microorganisms was not a feature of fungal growth. The protein content was most affected by shifts of temperature and reached minimal values at 25 and 50 degrees C. The growth environment had a marked influence on the protein synthesising activity of RNA, which increased eightfold as the dilution rate was increased from 0.02- 0.175 h-1, doubled within the temperature range 20--30 degrees C and fell by 50% between 40 and 50 degrees C. These observations are discussed in the context of the constant ribosomal efficiency in protein synthesis hypothesis. PMID- 44182 TI - [Peridural analgesia and by phenoperidine in normal labor. Therapeutic trial with a control series]. AB - The perinatal effects of phenoperidine and of epidural anaesthesia were studied in a randomised trial in which only normal patients were studied. Foetal heart rate curves, pH, pCO2 and neonatal clinical behaviour demonstrated that both kinds of analgesia had no harmful effects. PMID- 44183 TI - An in-dwelling electrode for in-vivo measurement of the pH of dental plaque in man. PMID- 44184 TI - Enzymic lysis and structure of the cell walls of the oral Streptococcus mutans BHT. PMID- 44185 TI - Sugar inhibition of oral Fusobacterium nucleatum haemagglutination and cell binding. PMID- 44186 TI - Acidogenic fermentation of pentose alcohols by human dental plaque microorganisms. PMID- 44187 TI - Brain amines and peptides--their relevance to psychiatry. AB - The amine theory of affective disorder and the dopamine and endorphin theories of schizophrenia are controversial but heuristically valuable concepts that have emerged from the psychobiological revolution of the last decade. That revolution stemmed largely from the development of techniques for localizing and assaying neuroregulators and their receptors in the brain under normal, pathological and experimental conditions. The data thus obtained are reviewed here, and the current status of the emergent psychobiological hypotheses assessed. PMID- 44188 TI - Polymorphism at the G6pd and 6Pgd loci in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Developmental and biochemical aspects. AB - The electrophoretic variants of G6PD and 6PGD isolated from the Bogota Drosophila melanogaster population were characterized developmentally and biochemically. Changes in in vitro enzyme activity during development were comparable to those found for other dehydrogenases: an increase in the larval and adult stage and a decrease in the pupal stage. During the whole life cycle the "S" enzyme of both loci showed a higher activity than the "F" enzyme. MgCl2 had a stimulating effect on the activity of both enzymes whereas their heat stability was decreased. The allozymes of 6PGD had different Vmax's but were comparable with respect to Km values, pH optimum, and stability at 45 C. the allozymes of G6PD showed different Vmax's and differed in stability at 35 C, but had similar Km values and pH optima. As the difference in stability was probably due to differences in molecular structure of the allozymes, the differences in activity found at high pH and high MgCl2 concentration were most probably due to this difference in stability. PMID- 44189 TI - Comparison of the properties of the alcohol dehydrogenases from wild-type and mutant Chinese hamster somatic cells. AB - Alcohol dehydrogenases (alcohol: NAD oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.1.1.1.) from allyl alcohol-resistant and wild-type Chinese hamster cells were purified using gel filtration, ion-exchange, and affinity-column chromatography. Both enzymes exhibited the same isozyme band patterns on electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. Physicochemical properties of the two enzymes such as pH and temperature optima, Km values, and temperature stability were found to be the same within the experimental errors. The genetic significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 44190 TI - Properties of the two common electrophoretic variants of phosphoglucomutase in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) of adult stage in Drosophilia melanogaster has been characterized by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. The two common electrophoretic variants, PGMA and PGMB, differ with respect to their kinetic and stability parameters. PGMA is more thermostable than PGMB but shows the same pH optimum, equal dependence on Mg2+, and identical molecular weight. There is no significant kinetic difference between the two allozymes at the optimum pH values, but at pH 6.0 the Km value for glucose-1,6 diphosphate of PGMB is significantly higher than that of PGMA. This difference might explain the observed selective advantage of the PgmA allele in population studies. PMID- 44191 TI - Inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. Purification by affinity chromatography, subunit structure and inhibition by guanosine 5' monophosphate. AB - Escherichia coli IMP dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.14) was purified by affinity chromatography on immobilized nucleotides. The enzyme binds to agarose-bound 8-(6 aminohexyl)-AMP, N6-(6-aminohexyl)-AMP and 8-(8-amino-octyl)-IMP but not to immobilized NAD+ or Cibacron Blue F3G-A. AMP proved to be an effective eluent. A large-scale purification scheme in which 8-(6-aminohexyl)-AMP-agarose was used resulted in a homogeneous preparation of IMP dehydrogenase. The enzyme was also purified by immunoprecipitation with monospecific antisera. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, N-terminal amino acid analysis and tryptic 'finger-printing' demonstrated that IMP dehydrogenase comprises identical subunits of mol.wt. 58000. Trypsin and Pronase cleave the 58000-mol.wt. subunit into peptides of mol.wts. 42000 and 14000, with a concomitant decrease in enzyme activity. These observations rationalize much of the contradictory data on the subunit composition of the enzyme found in the literature. GMP appears to be a competitive inhibitor with respect to IMP, with no evidence for regulatory behaviour being found. The two purification procedures were also used to purify inactive mutant enzymes from guaB mutant strains of E. coli. PMID- 44192 TI - A re-evaluation of some basic structural and functional properties of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase. AB - Determinations of iron content and dry-weight measurements on samples of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase were coupled with sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis studies of both the native protein and covalently cross-linked oligomers in order to estimate the enzyme's molecular weight and spectral absorption coefficients. A value of epsilon(ox.) (410)=282x10(3) litre.mol(-1).cm(-1) was calculated for a dimeric protein molecule having a total molecular weight of 122000 (based on iron analysis). Steady-state kinetic observations of the enzyme-catalysed oxidation of reduced azurin by nitrite indicated a marked increase in enzyme inactivation as the pH was raised from 5.7 to 7.2. Since NO, a product of the nitrite reductase activity of Pseudomonas cytochrome oxidase, is known to bind to the enzyme, a study was undertaken to try to assess the potential of NO as a product inhibitor. Investigations showed that samples of the oxidized protein at pH values 4, 5 and 6 bound NO to both haem c and d(1) components, but oxidized enzyme samples at pH7 and above formed their reduced ligand-bound forms when placed under an atmosphere of the gas. Ascorbate-reduced enzyme samples at pH4, 5, 6 and 7 were also found to bind NO at both haem components, although at pH7 the rate of haem c binding was very slow. At pH8 and 9 only the ferrohaem d(1) bound NO. Titration experiments on the reduced protein over the pH range 5-7, with nitrite as a precursor of NO, showed that the haem d(1) had a much higher affinity than the haem c: experiments at pH5.2 and 5.9 with NO-equilibrated solutions revealed the same pattern of behaviour with the oxidized enzyme. PMID- 44193 TI - Studies of acidosis in the ischaemic heart by phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - 1. Phosphorus-nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements were made on perfused rat hearts at 37 degrees C. 2. With the improved sensitivity obtained by using a wide bore 4.3 T superconducting magnet, spectra could be recorded in 1 min. 3. The concentrations of ATP, phosphocreatine and Pi and, from the position of the Pi resonance, the intracellular pH (pHi) were measured under a variety of conditions. 4. In a normal perfused heart pHi = 7.05 +/- 0.02 (mean +/- S.E.M. for seven hearts). 5. During global ischaemia pHi drops to 6.2 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- S.E.M.) in 13 min in a pseudoexponential decay with a rate constant of 0.25 min 1. 6. The relation between glycogen content and acidosis in ischaemia is studied in glycogen-depleted hearts. 7. Perfusion of hearts with a buffer containing 100 mM-Hepes before ischaemia gives a significant protective effect on the ischaemic myocardium. Intracellular pH and ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations decline more slowly under these conditions and metabolic recovery is observed on reperfusion after 30min of ischaemia at 37 degrees C. 8. The relation between acidosis and the export of protons is discussed and the significance of glycogenolysis in ischaemic acid production is evaluated. PMID- 44194 TI - The effect of reduction of perfusion rate on lactate and oxygen uptake, glucose output and energy supply in the isolated perfused liver of starved rats. AB - 1. Lactate and O2 uptake and glucose output were studied in isolated livers from starved rats at perfusate flow rates varying from 100 to 7% of "normal" (11.25 0.75 ml/min per 100 g body wt.). 2. With moderate diminution of flow rate, lactate and oxygen uptake fell more slowly than would be expected if uptake purely depended on substrate supply. 3. Use of a mathematical model suggests that the intrinsic capacity of the liver for lactate uptake is unaffected until the flow rate falls below 25% of "normal". 4. Some lactate uptake was always observed even at 7% of the "normal" flow rate. 5. At flow rates below 33% of the "normal", lactate was increasingly metabolized by pathways other than gluconeogenesis, which became a progressively less important consumer of available O2. 6. ATP content decreased with diminution of flow rate, but substantially less markedly than did lactate uptake and glucose output. 7. Intracellular pH fell from a mean value of 7.25 at "normal" flow rate to 7.03 at 7% of the "normal" flow rate. PMID- 44195 TI - Regulation of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation in perfused rat liver. Adenine nucleotide inhibition of NADP+-dependent dehydrogenases and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. AB - Perfusion of rat livers with 10 mM-fructose or pretreatment of the rat with 6 aminonicotinamide (70 mg/kg) 6 h before perfusion decreased intracellular ATP concentrations and increased the rate of p-nitroanisole O-demethylation. This increase was accompanied by a decrease in the free [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratio calculated from concentrations of substrates assumed to be in near-equilibrium with isocitrate dehydrogenase. After pretreatment with 6-aminonicotinamide the [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratio also declined. Reduction of NADP+ during mixed-function oxidation may be explained by inhibition of of one or more NADPH-generating enzymes. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and "malic" enzyme, partially purified from livers of phenobarbital-treated rats, were inhibited by ATP and ADP. Inhibitor constants of ATP for the four dehydrogenases varied considerably, ranging from 9 micrometer for "malic" enzyme to 1.85 mM for glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. NADPH cytochrome c reductase was also inhibited by ATP (Ki 2.8 mM) and by ADP (Ki 0.9 mM), but not by AMP. Concentrations of ATP and ADP that inhibited glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase and the reductase were comparable with concentrations in the intact liver. Thus agents that lower intracellular ATP may accelerate rates of mixed-function oxidation by a concerted mechanism involving deinhibition of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and one or more NADPH-generating enzymes. PMID- 44196 TI - Effects of glucose on the cytosolic ration of reduced/oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate in rat islets of Langerhans. AB - The maximal extractable activity of "malic" enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) in rat islets of Langerhans was similar to that reported for liver. Thus "malic" enzyme may catalyse a near-equilibrium reaction in the cytosol of islets of Langerhans. Measurements of islet content of malate and pyruvate, the metabolite substrate and product of "malic" enzyme, were therefore used to calculate the cytosolic ration of [NADPH]/[NADP+]. This ratio was higher in islets incubated with 20 mM glucose than in islets incubated with 2 mM-glucose. PMID- 44197 TI - [A review of pharmacological studies on nicergoline]. AB - 10-Methoxy-1,6-dimethyl-ergoline-8 beta-methanol-(5-bromonicotinate) (nicergoline, Sermion) shows a strong alpha-blocking activity both in vitro and in vivo. Various studies (dog, cat, rabbit, rat, mouse, guinea-pig) show that nicergoline affects only slightly blood pressure and heart rate and increases the blood flow in brain and hind limb without affecting the splanchnic and aortic flow in normal animals. Nicergoline does not interfere with CNS functions unless applied in high doses. It stimulates the muscle oxidative metabolism and function and lacks any emetic and hallucinogenic activity. Its acute and chronic toxicity in different animal species is very low. PMID- 44198 TI - [Influence of nicergoline on the cerebral blood flow and alpha-sympatholytical properties (author's transl)]. AB - The cerebral vasodilatory effect of 10-methoxy-1,6-dimethyl-ergoline-8 beta methanol-(5-bromonicotinate) (nicergoline, Sermion) was examined by recording the cardiac output of the vertebral artery in the dog. As from a dosage of 25 micrograms/kg nicergoline increases permanently the cardiac output to a normal or nearly normal level which had been decreased by phenylephrine reducing the increased local vascular resistance. The alpha-sympatholytical properties of nicergoline were more precisely proved by reducing the reactive increase in blood pressure after epinephrine and norepinephrine (3 micrograms/kg) by administration of nicergoline in 3 doses (25, 50 and 100 micrograms/kg). The same method was used with phentalamine in dosages of 125, 250 and 500 micrograms/kg. The statistical comparison of the results obtained with both substances shows that the ratio of equiactive doses is about 3:1 in favour of nicergoline. PMID- 44199 TI - [Calcium antagonists in cardiology]. PMID- 44200 TI - Report of the forty-ninth session of the General Dental Council. PMID- 44201 TI - Non-destructive measurement of metabolites and tissue pH in the kidney by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) can be used as a non-destructive method for the simultaneous observation of the major phosphate-containing metabolites (ATP, ADP, nucleotide monophosphate, Pi, sugar phosphate) and intracellular pH in isolated rat kidney. The time course of changes in these metabolites and in cellular pH in the ischaemic kidney are examined at two temperatures and in the presence of different flushing media. ATP is rapidly depleted while the pH change is slower and shows biphasic behaviour. Pi production and total nucleotide (ATP and ADP) depletion also occur on the same time-scale as the tissue acidification. The relation of these observations to tissue viability is discussed and the possibility of extending the measurements to human organs is considered. PMID- 44202 TI - Changes in transglutaminase activity in an experimental model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by paraquat. AB - An experimental model of pulmonary fibrosis has been developed by dosing rats with one-fifth the LD50 dose of the herbicide paraquat on 5 consecutive days. Approximately 50% of the rats died within 4 days of the completion of dosing, showing macroscopic changes and wet weight increases in the lung consistent with severe oedema. Those animals which died between Days 4 and 10 had markedly increased levels of hydroxyproline in the lung, maximum at Day 6, and increased prolyl hydroxylase activity, maximum at Day 4. These changes, together with an increase in thymidine incorporation into DNA, and increased lung DNA content, were consistent with the development of fibrosis. Measurement of transglutaminase activity in the lung showed marked increases at Days 4 and 10 after completion of dosing. This activity paralleled closely the changes in prolyl hydroxylase activity and became increasingly associated with particulate protein present in the "nuclear pellet" fraction. The presence of zymogen plasma transglutaminase trapped in lung homogenates could not be demonstrated but the contribution by the active plasma transglutaminase (Factor XIIIa) to increases shown at Day 4 cannot be ruled out. PMID- 44203 TI - The twenty aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from Escherichia coli. General separation procedure, and comparison of the influence of pH and divalent cations on their catalytic activities. AB - A general separation procedure of the twenty E. coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases including either a 105 000 g centrifugation or a poly-ethyleneglycol-dextran two phases partition fractionation, and chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose, phosphocellulose and hydroxyapatite is described. The specific activities of the synthetases have been determined after each chromatographic step and compared to their respective activities in the 105 000 g supernatant. Some aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were obtained at 80 per cent purity. The presence of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride does not significantly modify either the elution patterns of the synthetases during the various chromatographic steps or their specific activities. Thus, contrarily to enzymes from various eukaryotic organisms no significant inactivation of the E. coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases occurs via proteolytic processes during the purification procedure. The effects of various factors: pH, magnesium, and other bivalent cations including spermidine, were tested on the aminoacylation and the [32P] PPi-ATP isotope exchange reactions, and the optimal aminoacylation and isotope-exchange conditions determined for 18 of the 20 E. coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. PMID- 44204 TI - Thermal stability of soluble mitochondrial H+-ATPase. AB - ATPase melting has been studied by circular dichroism and differential scanning microcalorimetry. Decomposition of the alpha-helix of H+-ATPase (in which about 80% of the peptide groups of the enzyme are involved) following thermal treatment is shown to proceed gradually, beginning with room temperature. Effect of nucleotides upon melting is detected in the range of 20 degrees--40 degrees C. Above 40 degrees C, the pattern of thermal decomposition of the three-dimensional structure of H+-ATPase is independent of the nature of nucleotides present. Highly stable alpha-helical sites have been found in the enzyme molecule. Possible mechanism of formation of such sites is discussed, and the results obtained are compared with data on thermal stability of ATPase from thermophilic bacteria. Structural changes in the molecule following thermal treatment are compared with ATPase activity changes under similar experimental conditions. PMID- 44205 TI - Kinetics of ion transport in lipid membranes induced by lysine-valinomycin and derivatives. AB - Lysine-valinomycine and two N epsilon-acyl derivatives are compared with respect to their potency to transport Rb+ ions across thin lipid membranes. Lysine valinomycin acts as a neutral ion carrier only above a pH of about 7 of the aqueous solutions, while at lower pH the molecules seem to be positively charged due to a protonation of the epsilon-NH2 group of the lysine residue. A kinetic analysis based on voltage jump relaxation experiments and on the nonlinearity of the current-voltage characteristics showed that the conductance increment delta per carrier molecule for uncharged lysine-valinomycin is similar to that of natural valinomycin. The attachment of a rather bulky side group such as the dansyl or para-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl group reduced delta by approximately one order of magnitude. Some of the relaxation data of the valinomycin analogues were influenced by an unspecific relaxation of the pure lipid membrane. This structural relaxation represents a limitation to the possibility of analyzing specific transport systems in thin lipid membranes by the voltage jump or charge pulse techniques. It is shown that the time dependence of this structural relaxation--which was first published by Sargent (1975)--is at variance with a three capacitor equivalent circuit of the membrane, which was suggested by Coster and Smith (1974) on the basis of a.c. measurements. A modified equivalent circuit has been found to represent a satisfactory analogue for the current relaxation in the presence of valinomycin. It turned out, however, that such an equivalent circuit provides little insight into the molecular mechanism of transport. PMID- 44206 TI - [Characterization of neutral proteinases from human spleen]. AB - Several proteinases hydrolyzing histone and caseine in neutral media were obtained by Sephadex G-100 fractionation of water and salt (1 M KCl) extracts of human spleen. The level of the activity of proteinases in the extracts was very low as a result of the presence of an inhibitor. Neutral proteinases were found in two protein fractions. The "high-molecular-weight-" proteinases were inhibited by DFP and therefore they were attributed to a group of serine proteinases. The "low-molecular-weight" fraction contained neutral SH-dependent proteinase(s) and DFP-inhibited enzymes. In this fraction, the kininogenase activity and the hydrolysis of Boc-1-ananine p-nitrophenyl ester, N-benzoyl-L-tryosine ethyl ester and N-benzoyl-DL-arginine p-nitroanilide were observed. PMID- 44207 TI - [Influence of neurotransmitters on the antinociceptive effect of midbrain stimulation]. AB - In experiments on rats with implanted electrode-cannules there were studied the effects of L-tryptophane (25 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and microinjections of serotonin (20 micrograms), dopamine (10 micrograms) and proserine (5 micrograms) into the area of periaqueductal central gray on the antinociceptive effect caused by stimulation of the same "points" of the midbrain. L-tryptophane, serotonine and proserine (in the presence of methylatropine) potentiated the effect of subthreshold antinociceptive stimulation which could be tested from the modifications of thresholds of the development of some complex pain reaction components under electrical stimulation of the rat tail. Dopamine did not have such an effect. The potentiating effect of serotonine is not eliminated by naloxone. PMID- 44208 TI - [Increased resistance of (CBAxC57BL/6)Fl hybrids to the graft-versus-host reaction during spleen regeneration]. AB - Partial splenectomy was performed in CBAXXC57BL/6/F1 hybrids 2, 12, 15 and 20 days before the graft-versus-host reaction induction (GVHR) and 2, 10 days after administration of parenteral immunocompentent cells. The recipients with the intact spleen or complete splenectomy and sham operated recipients served as control. Hybrids with the regenerating spleen were more resistant to GVHR within 12 days of regeneration, while splenectomy increased hybrid resistance to GVHR only when performed 2 days before or 2 days following the GVHR induction. PMID- 44209 TI - Symposium on health aspects of nonionizing radiation. The Subcommittee on Public Health Aspects of Energy of the Committee on Public Health of the New York Academy of Medicine. PMID- 44210 TI - The pathophysiology of shock. PMID- 44211 TI - Somnambulistic-like episodes secondary to combined lithium-neuroleptic treatment. AB - Ten of 114 psychiatric patients undergoing combined lithium-neuroleptic treatment exhibited somnambulistic-like episodes. These episodes are differentiated from nocturnal wanderings and epileptic attacks during sleep; they occurred within two to three hours after sleep onset and were characterized by the patients appearing confused and walking about in a quiet, detached and clumsy manner. Generally, there was amnesia for the event. Since sleepwalking occurs out of slow wave sleep, the increase in slow wave sleep induced by lithium and certain neuroleptics may represent a neurophysiological mechanism responsible for these patients' somnambulistic behaviour. The occurrence of grand mal seizures in two patients was probably unrelated to the somnambulistic-like episodes. However, persistence of the latter appears to be associated with drug-induced EEG irregularity. PMID- 44212 TI - N-acylation of tyramines: purification and characterization of an arylamine N acetyltransferase from rat brain and liver. AB - The N-acylation of tyramine isomers and other biogenic amines has been studied. The liver exhibits the highest activity towards tyramines, while the brain exhibits a low but significant activity. In the brain, tyramine N-acylation activity was heterogenously distributed. The arylamine N-acetyltransferase has been partially purified from both rat liver and brain, the two enzymes being quite similar with respect to their chromatographic properties, optimal pH requirement (pH 7.8), and their kinetic parameters. The product N-acetyltyramine is not oxidized by liver amidohydrolase or monoamine oxidase. PMID- 44213 TI - The kinetic parameters of trehalase in whole and disrupted mitochondrial preparations from two insects with asynchronous muscle. AB - The kinetic parameters of trehalase in honey bee and flesh fly mitochondria were compared. The studies were carried out with whole mitochondria and with mitochondria disrupted in various ways and to different degrees. Honey bee mitochondrial trehalase was significantly activated by Lubrol WX treatment (30.0 fold), by high pH treatment (20.8-fold), and by a treatment consisting of 10 passes through a French press (37.9-fold) but not by the other treatments tried (salt, proteases, Waring blender, and sonication), despite the fact that these treatments also disrupted the mitochondria significantly. The activation effect was on the Vmax. The Km value did not change. Simple breakage of either the outer or inner (or both) membranes was not sufficient to activate trehalase from honey bees, which showed that the activation was not an indirect result of a change in the case with which trehalose can pass through the membranes. Honey bee trehalase is the first trehalase from insects with asynchronous muscle which has been shown to be activatable by physical and chemical methods. Flesh fly mitochondrial trehalase behaved quite differently from the honey bee enzyme in that it could not be activated by any of the techniques tried, even when there were significant amounts of disruption. PMID- 44214 TI - The deacylation of phosphatidylinositol by rat brain preparations. PMID- 44215 TI - Stability of microtubule protein over the pH range: 6.9--9.5. AB - The pH stability range of a microtubule protein preparation has been investigated between 6.9 and 9.5. Microtubule protein was exposed to various pH values in this range and then returned to pH 6.9. The appearance of microtubules as verified by electron microscopy and sedimentation analysis under polymerizing conditions was taken as an indication of a conformationally stable protein. Between pH 6.9 and pH 8.0 the loss in the ability to form microtubules was found to be reversible, at pH 8.2 it was partially reversible, above pH 8.2 it was irreversible. Tubulin and the microtubule-associated protein fraction were separately exposed to high pH. It was observed that tubulin exposed to high pH can still form microtubules in the presence of untreated microtubule-associated protein. On the other hand, microtubule-associated protein exposed to high pH could not initiate microtubule assembly with untreated tubulin. It was concluded from these observations that the loss in the ability of a microtubule protein preparation to assemble at high pH is due to a change in the microtubule-associated protein fraction and that tubulin is conformationally stable even after exposure to pH 9.5. PMID- 44216 TI - The action of tributyltin chloride on the uptake of proline and glutamine by intact cells of Escherichia coli. AB - Tributyltin chloride inhibits growth and uptake of glutamine and proline into intact cells of Escherichia coli. It causes efflux of the accumulated amino acids. A pH gradient generated in intact cells and everted membrane vesicles is dissipated by this compound. These effects do not require lipoic acid but are dependent on the presence of chloride, bromide, or iodide ions. We conclude that tributyltin chloride can catalyse a transmembrane OH- -anion exchange exchange reaction and that this is its mode of inhibition of the uptake of these amino acids. The response of proline and glutamine uptake to the inhibitor is similar and is consistent with the transport of both amino acids requiring an electrochemical gradient of protons. PMID- 44217 TI - The action of tributyltin chloride on energy-dependent transhydrogenation of NADP+ by NADH in membranes of Escherichia coli. AB - Respiration- and ATP-dependent transhydrogenation of NADP+ by NADH in everted membrane vesicles from Escherichia coli is inhibited by nigericin but is relatively insensitive to valinomycin. The sensitivity to nigericin is enhanced 30-fold in the presence of valinomycin. It is concluded that both the transmembrane pH difference and the membrane potential constitute the driving force for energy-dependent transhydrogenation. Respiration- and ATP-dependent transhydrogenation are inhibited by tributyltin chloride. Although effects on the energization system have not been excluded, the inhibitor appears to react with a sulfhydryl group on the transhydrogenase enzyme. This inhibition is not dependent on the presence of a permeant anion and can be reversed by mono- and particularly di-thiol compounds. The transhydrogenase is also inhibited by 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoic acid), N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonic acid, and Zn2+, but these reagents are less effective than tributyltin chloride. Energy independent transhydrogenation is inhibited at high concentrations (20 mM) of cysteine. The reason for this is unknown. PMID- 44218 TI - Oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate by plant mitochondria. AB - Mitochondria isolated from various plant tissues (leaves, etiolated shoots and hypocotyls, and stem tubers) oxidize exogenous NADPH with respiratory control values and ADP:O ratios similar to those obtained with exogenous NADH as substrate. In all the mitochondria investigated, the electron-transfer inhibitors rotenone and amytal each had the same effect on the oxidation of NADPH as they had on the oxidation of NADH. The oxidation of exogenous NADPH by white potato tuber mitochondria was much more sensitive to inhibition by citrate or ethylene glycol bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid than was the oxidation of NADH. Mitochondria isolated from aged beetroot slices showed an increased capacity for the oxidation of exogenous NADH (compared with mitochondria from fresh tissue) but no such increase in the capacity to oxidize exogenous NADPH. These results suggest that exogenous NADPH and NADH are oxidized via different flavoproteins in plant mitochondria. PMID- 44219 TI - A kinetic study of hydrophobic interactions at the S1 and S2 sites of papain. PMID- 44220 TI - Characterization of a stable intermediate in the unfolding of diazoacetylglycine ethyl ester--pepsin by urea. AB - The irreversible unfolding of covalently inhibited swine pepsin by urea was studied by spectrophotometric and viscosity measurements. At pH 4.5 and 25 degrees C in 8 M urea, a stable intermediate form of the protein was detected. It differed from the native protein by a slight loss of secondary structure and an increased intrinsic viscosity ([pi] = 7.5 mL g-1), indicating the intermediate to have an increased molecular volume or to be more asymmetric in shape. The protein was transformed into a random coil form by increases of temperature and pH. Comparison with other results suggested that at pH 6 pepsin is less stable than its inactive precursor, pepsinogen, by about 3 Kcal mol-1 (1 cal = 4.187 J). PMID- 44221 TI - Temperature-dependent interactions between poly-L-lysine and phosphatidylcholine vesicles. PMID- 44222 TI - Factors affecting germination, mycoparasitism, and survival of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum. AB - Macroconidia of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, a mycoparasite of Sclerotinia spp., germinated after 3 days in soil adjacent to sclerotia of S. minor and on membrane filters placed on soil containing sclerotia. Germination increased with time up to 18 days and with concentration of sclerotia. Conidia as distant as 9 mm from single sclerotia germinated. Germination of conidia was maximum on a sclerotial agar medium in the range of pH 5 to pH 7. Cultivation of S. sclerotivorum parasitically on living sclerotia proceeded optimally in moist, fine quartz sand amended with 1 to 2% (w/w) sclerotia and 0.07% (w/w) CaCO3, at 25 degrees C. Infection of sclerotia in sand reached 100% by 5 weeks. Conidia production paralled infection resulting in logarithmic increase in numbers; a maximum of 3 x 10(5) to 4 x 10(5) conidia/g was reached in 6 to 12 weeks. Viability of air-dried sand-sclerotial cultures of S. sclerotivorum was reduced after 1 and 6 days, but viability was undiminished in air-dried soil. Sporidesmium sclerotivorum survived in moist and air-dried soils stored at room temperature for 15 months. PMID- 44223 TI - Low molecular weight substitutes for beef extract as eluents for poliovirus adsorbed to membrane filters. AB - Basic solutions of beef extract and casein were able to elute poliovirus adsorbed to four membrane filters with different chemical compositions. Hydrolyzed protein and individual amino acids were able to elute virus adsorbed to certain filters but were unable to elute virus adsorbed to other filters efficiently. A solution of 4 M urea buffered at pH 9 with 0.05 M lysine was able to elute greater than 60% of the virus adsorbed to each of the filters tested. Certain solutions of amino acids were capable of eluting virus adsorbed to one filter but permitted adsorption of virus to another filter with a different chemical composition. Acidic amino acids could interfere with elution of virus from membrane filters. Aromatic compounds with an amino group attached to the ring were good eluents for virus adsorbed to epoxy-fiberglass membrane filters. In contrast, aromatic compounds with other substituents were generally poor eluents. PMID- 44224 TI - A liquid medium for the production of Kabatiella zeae conidia. AB - A liquid medium, designated as Kabatiella zeae medium (KZM), containing 10.0 g of carboxymethylcellulose, 5.0 g of maltose, 1.5 g of peptone, 1.0 g of monobasic potassium phosphate, 1 L of distilled water, is described. Peptone was found to be the component most influential in stimulating sporulation. The optimum temperature for conidial production was 25 degrees C. In shake culture about 10(7) conidia/mL were produced in 5 days at room temperature (about 21 degrees C) when KZM was seeded with 4-day-old colony plugs. The optimum for conidial production was pH 5 with only a slight gradual reduction to pH 9. However, fungal development was abnormal at pH values of 4 and 5. Of the 29 isolates tested, only two did not sporulate in KZM or in any other medium. Because of the high yield of conidia in a short time, the ease of preparation and use, and its low cost, KZM is especially useful where large amounts of inoculum are needed. PMID- 44225 TI - A medium for commercial production of the halophilic Micrococcus nuclease. AB - A simple synthetic medium (glutamate-sucrose medium) was devised for production, during growth in shaken flasks, of extracellular halophilic nuclease (nuclease H) by a moderate halophile, Micrococcus varians subsp. halophilus. A simple medium consisting of 0.7% ammonium sulfate, 1.0% glucose, minerals, three vitamins, and 2 M NaCl gave good growth and excellent production of nuclease H in a jar fermentor when the pH was adjusted to 7.5 to 8.0 during cultivation. PMID- 44226 TI - Development and survival of embryos and alevins of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., continuously exposed to acidic levels of pH, from fertilization. PMID- 44227 TI - Stimulation of mitosis in Dugesia tigrina by a neurosecretory fraction. PMID- 44228 TI - Atropine-like activities of 2-substituted 5-piperidinomethylfuran derivatives. PMID- 44229 TI - Proceedings of the Sixth Meeting of the International Society of Hypertension, Goteborg, Sweden, 11-13 June 1979. PMID- 44230 TI - Effect of the alpha-adrenoreceptor agonist LD 3098 (cirazoline) on the magnitude of end-organ responses induced by nerve stimulation and exogenous noradrenaline in a variety of sympathetically innervated animal tissues. PMID- 44231 TI - Effect of baroreceptor deafferentation on central catecholamines in the rat. AB - 1. Sinoaortic deafferentation in the rat leads to increased blood pressure and heart rate. 2. Early increases in tyrosine hydroxylase activity both in brain stem and hypothalamus suggest that increased noradrenaline synthesis may contribute to the development of neurogenic hypertension. 3. After 4 weeks, phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase activity was reduced in the hypothalamus. 4. Noradrenaline- and adrenaline, but not dopamine-containing neurones may participate in regulation of sympathetic efferent activity. PMID- 44232 TI - Opening address of the President of the International Society of Hypertension. PMID- 44233 TI - Treatment of hypertension: state of the art in 1979. AB - 1. The results of the Veterans Administration Co-operative Study have been extended by the subsequent clinical trials, which included patients of both sexes and with less vascular disease. The later studies confirm the effectiveness of treatment in preventing most complications except myocardial infarction and sudden death. Furthermore, the lower diastolic blood pressure in which treatment has been shown to have a significant beneficial effect has been lowered from 105 mmHg as indicated by the Veterans Study to 100 mmHg as shown by the much larger Australian trial. The possibility of reducing the incidence of sudden death and fatal myocardial infarction has been suggested by other recent control trials using beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs, an approach that needs further exploration. 2. A number of interesting and useful new drugs have appeared which include tienilic acid, minoxidil, saralasin and captopril, and in addition recent controlled trials have re-emphasized the effectiveness of the old drug, reserpine, when combined with a diuretic. The art of treatment of hypertension therefore appears to be in a healthy state and we should expect more advances in the future. PMID- 44234 TI - Treatment of mild hypertension in elderly males. AB - 1. Males, born between 1900 and 1925, with mild hypertension have been treated for periods varying from 300 to 2000 days. 2. The life and death status of all patients (except two) was known on 1st November 1978. 3. A group of patients with mild hypertension receiving treatment based on a thiazide diuretic had a greater mortality than the other drug-treated group. 4. The increased mortality was caused by an increased number of myocardial infarcts. 5. Elderly male patients with mild hypertension probably have preexisting vascular disease and therapy should not automatically be started. If therapy is started, beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs may be a preferred therapy. PMID- 44235 TI - SK&F 92657, a novel antihypertensive acting by precapillary vasodilatation and beta-adrenoreceptor blockade. AB - 1. The properties of a new antihypertensive agent, SK&F 92657, DL-3-[2-(3-t butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]-6-hydrazinopyridazine, have been studied. 2. The compound caused a sustained fall in blood pressure in several species as a result of precapillary vasodilatation, particularly in the renal and coronary vasculatures. 3. The beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking actions of SK&F 92657 prevent reflex cadiac stimulation. PMID- 44236 TI - Plasmin can activate plasma prorenin but is not required for the alkaline phase of acid activation. AB - 1. Plasma prorenin is an inactive form of renin that is converted into active renin at alkaline pH in previously acidified plasma; this conversion of prorenin into renin is mediated by Hageman factor-dependent activation of prekallikrein, which, in turn, leads to prorenin activation. 2. Since plasma kallikrein can activate plasminogen, the present studies were designed to evaluate whether alkaline-phase activation of prorenin by plasma kallikrein is mediated via plasminogen activation. 3. We demonstrated that plaminogen is present in acid treated plasma in sufficient quantity to convert prorenin into renin after activation by streptokinase. 4. However, alkaline-phase activation was completely normal in plasminogen-free plasma. 5. Therefore alkaline-phase activation of plasma prorenin is mediated by plasma kallikrein but is not dependent on kallikrein activation of plasminogen. PMID- 44237 TI - [Histamine H2 receptor antagonists. Notes on clinical pharmacology]. PMID- 44238 TI - Abstracts of papers from the 12th annual meeting of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and the 1st combined meeting of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, American Association of Poison Control Centers, American Board of Medical Toxicology, Canadian Academy of Clinical and Analytical Toxicology, and Society of Toxicology, March 11-17, 1979, New Orleans, Louisiana. PMID- 44239 TI - Rhizobium lupini genetics. PMID- 44240 TI - Chromatin protein methylation in proliferating liver and hepatoma cells. AB - Chromatin protein methylation in proliferating liver cells and hepatomas was examined in vivo and in vitro. Methylation in vivo was estimated using 2-14 C-L methionine and 3H-methyl-L-methionine. 3H/14C ratios were calculated for crude histone and nonhistone chromatin protein fractions and compared to those calculated for serum albumin. From this, determination of a methylation index was calculated using serum albumin as a standard. Results of this study indicate that both histones and nonhistone chromatin proteins are methylated to a greater extent in proliferating liver cells and in hepatomas than in control preparations. These observations are generally supported by our in vitro methylation studies. The results are discussed in terms of chromatin protein methylation and its possible relationship to DNA replication. PMID- 44242 TI - Abstracts of meeting presentations. PMID- 44241 TI - Human gene mapping 5. Edinburgh conference (1979). Fifth International Workshop on Human Gene Mapping. PMID- 44243 TI - Two more benzodiazepines. PMID- 44244 TI - pH affects mercury distribution, not methylation. PMID- 44245 TI - Proceedings of the U.S.-Japan Conference-Biostatistics in the Study of Human Cancer. Hiroshima, Japan, May 22-25, 1978. PMID- 44246 TI - Fifth Symposium on Statistics and the Environment. Washington, DC., October 16 17, 1978. PMID- 44247 TI - Environmental effects of increased coal utilization: ecological effects of gaseous emissions from coal combustion. AB - This report is limited to an evaluation of the ecological and environmental effects of gaseous emissions and aerosols of various types which result from coal combustion. It deals with NOx, SOx, fine particulate, photochemical oxidant and acid precipitation as these pollutants affect natural and managed resources and ecosystems. Also, synergistic effects involving two or more pollutants are evaluated as well as ecosystem level effects of gaseous pollutants. There is a brief summary of the effects on materials and atmospheric visibility of increased coal combustion. The economic implications of ecological effects are identified to the extent they can be determined within acceptable limits. Aquatic and terrestrial effects are distinguished where the pollutants in question are clearly problems in both media. At present, acid precipitation is most abundant in the north central and northeastern states. Total SOx and NOx emissions are projected to remain high in these regions while increasing relatively more in the western than in the eastern regions of the country. A variety of ecological processes are affected and altered by air pollution. Such processes include community succession and retrogression, nutrient biogeochemical cycling, photosynthetic activity, primary and secondary productivity, species diversity and community stability. Estimates of the non health-related cost of air pollutants range from several hundred million dollars to $1.7 billion dollars per year. In general, these estimates include only those relatively easily measured considerations such as the known losses to cultivate crops from acute air pollution episodes or the cost of frequent repainting required as a result of air pollution. No substantial nationwide estimates of losses to forest productivity, natural ecosystem productivity which is tapped by domestic grazing animals and wildlife, and other significant dollar losses are available. PMID- 44248 TI - [In vitro study of the partition of drugs in triphasic systems. Design of apparatus and influence of partition coefficient at the interphase on interphasic exchange of a weakly acidic drug]. PMID- 44249 TI - The development of inducibility for glutamine synthetase in embryonic neural retina: inhibition by BrdU. AB - The hydrocortisone-mediated induction of glutamine synthetase (GS) in the neural retina of the chick embryo is a characteristic and unique feature of differentiation of this tissue. The induction involves genomic activity elicited by the inducer resulting in synthesis and accumulation of the enzyme. We describe correlations between the growth of embryonic retina tissue in vivo and in vitro and the development of its inducibility for GS, and demonstrate that this development proceeds through two phases: competence-acquisition phase (before the 7th day of development), and maturation phase. BrdU applied for 24 h to retinas of 5-day embryos irreversibly suppresses the development of induction-competence. However, BrdU does not affect the progressive maturation of inducibility when applied to retinas that already are fully induction-competent (8 days and older). The short treatment with BrdU of 5-day retinas also causes defective histogenesis resulting in drastic malformation of the tissue. The nature of the processes involved in competence-acquisition and in the maturation of inducibility for GS are examined. Possible mechanisms by which BrdU prevents the development of induction-competence for GS in the early embryonic retina and elicits defective histogenesis are discussed. PMID- 44250 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the cardiomyopathies. A study of 70 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 44251 TI - Aplastic anemia. Pathophysiology and approaches to therapy. PMID- 44252 TI - [Transplantation of bone marrow in aplastic anemia and leukemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 44253 TI - [Trial of chorigon before surgery in children with cryptorchidism]. PMID- 44254 TI - [The effect of propranolol, neuroleptics and their combination on serum prolactin levels of schizophrenic patients]. PMID- 44255 TI - [The influence of beta blockers on the CNS]. PMID- 44256 TI - [Treatment of dibenzepin poisoning with physostigmine]. PMID- 44257 TI - [Effect of gastrointestinal hormones on gastric mucosa with special regard to the regulation of its electric potential. II. Hormonal regulation of electric potential of human gastric mucosa]. PMID- 44258 TI - Losses in milking qualities of dairy cattle caused by mosquitoes and horseflies and reduction of such losses due to use of diethyltoluamide repellent. AB - An experiment was carried out in South Bohemia, in which 10% water emulsion of diethyltoluamide was used as repellent against bloodsucking Diptera to protect pastured dairy cattle. The repellent was applied by means of a spraying frame and was effective for 30-36 hours. Seven mosquito species and 18 horsefly species were observed to be attacking the cattle. The average number being 120-300 mosquitoes and 50 horseflies per hour, the milking qualities in the cattle decreased by 6.2%, the milk fat content by 11.8%. After converting to milk with average fat content of 4%, the difference in milking qualities between treated and untreated animals was 9.7%. PMID- 44259 TI - [The beta-adrenergic blocking and antiarrhythmic activities of metabolites of befunolol hydrochloride (author's transl)]. PMID- 44260 TI - [Effect of acebutolol, a cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, on the blood pressure in rats (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of acebutolol, a cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, on the systolic blood pressure and heart rate were investigated in conscious Kyoto Wistar normotensive rats (WKY), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and DOCA NaCl hypertensive rats (DOCA rats) and the results compared with those of propranolol and practolol. In WKY and DOCA rats, the intraperitoneal administration of acebutolol, propranolol and practolol (0.5 approximately 20 mg/kg) produced a hypotensive action, however, these effects were observed only with restricted doses and there was no evidence of a dose-dependency. The heart rate was decreased by acebutolol and propranolol, but was increased by practolol which possesses an intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. In SHR, propranolol produced a dual action, a slight rise followed by a slight fall, the change not being significant, while practolol induced a slight hypertension. On the other hand, acebutolol in high doses induced a dose-dependent hypotensive action. The heart rate was markedly and dose-dependently decreased by these three agents. Thus, while propranolol and practolol produced hypotensive effects in WKY and DOCA rats, acebutolol produced hypotensive effects in WKY, SHR and DOCA rats. These results suggest that acebutolol is a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent which possesses hypotensive activity in hypertensive rats. PMID- 44261 TI - Preview abstracts. Frontiers of Engineering in health care. The Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. October 6-7, 1979. Denver Hilton Hotel, Denver, CO. PMID- 44262 TI - 11th meeting of the Gesellschaft fur Immunologie, Abstracts. PMID- 44263 TI - Induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in rat liver by quinazolinone derivatives. PMID- 44264 TI - Effect of some beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on the antidiuretic effect of ADH in the rat. PMID- 44265 TI - Bacterial pathogens of mosquito larvae--Bacillus alvei (Cheshire and Cheyene) and Bacillus brevis (Migula)--isolated in Pondicherry. PMID- 44266 TI - Host-parasite relationship of Nosema algerae, a parasite of mosquitoes. PMID- 44267 TI - Vascular renin-like activity and blood pressure maintenance in the rat. Studies of the effect of changes in sodium balance, hypertension and nephrectomy. PMID- 44268 TI - [Forced diuresis]. AB - Forced diuresis (FD) is a frequently used method for eliminating toxins. Its therapeutic effect has yet to be evaluated by a controlled clinical trial. In the absence of such a trial its usefulness can be judged only indirectly from urinary excretion rates. In former times the usual clinical laboratory procedures could not differentiate between the unchanged toxin and its metabolites. Using more selective methods, the discussions of the effect of FD in eliminating various drugs were renewed. The problem for the indication of FD is not only a missing knowledge about the kind and amount of the ingested drug, but also when knowing it, the missing evaluation of the effect of FD on its excretion. In such cases the pharmacokinetic behaviour of the drug can be helpful. If paying enough attention to the contraindications, to the principles of electrolyte and water balance, the complication rate is low. Many infusion regimes are proposed for this treatment, but only a standardized procedure can increase the safety and efficiency of this method. More complicated and more expensive methods should be used, when there is an intoxication with a substance of high mortality or when there is no effect of FD on eliminating the toxin. PMID- 44269 TI - [Postoperative feeding of patients after maxillofacial surgery with the tube feeding preparation Spontavix]. AB - 25 patients--19 to 73 years old--who underwent maxillofacial operations, received Spontavix for 10 to 12 days via a nasogastric tube. In 20% of the patients nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and/or abdominal pain occurred and disappeared after finishing nutrition with Spontavix. Mean frequency of defecation was 0.5/patient/24 hours. Body weight, serum electrolytes, blood gases, pH and base excess in the arterial blood, urea-nitrogen, hemoglobin and albumin content of the blood did not change significantly. Lipids in the serum increased insignificantly without leaving normal limits. During nutrition with Spontavix serum transaminases (SGOT, SGPT) showed a statistically significant increase which is believed to be caused by general anesthesia. PMID- 44270 TI - Rehabilitation International Medical Commission. Report of the proceedings of the Fourth Seminar of the Medical Commission held at Southampton University, England, 13th-15th September 1978. PMID- 44271 TI - A trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor from Taenia pisiformis. PMID- 44272 TI - The diffuse endocrine system and the implications of the APUD concept. PMID- 44273 TI - A report on the clinical efficacy of nadolol--a new long acting beta-blocker. PMID- 44274 TI - EKG of the month: supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 44275 TI - Kennedy's new health proposal more slogan than reality. PMID- 44276 TI - The viewbox: ectopic kidney. PMID- 44277 TI - A unified approach to management of genitourinary trauma. PMID- 44278 TI - Macrocysts of the parathyroids. PMID- 44279 TI - Carcinoma arising in a sebaceous cyst. PMID- 44280 TI - Influence of colonoscopy on colon surgery. PMID- 44281 TI - Washington's recycling system. PMID- 44282 TI - California seeks to limit residency training. PMID- 44283 TI - Further studies on microbiological ring-expansion of penicillin N. AB - The rate of microbiological ring-expansion of penicillin N to deacetoxycephalosporin C using protoplast lysates of the antibiotic-negative mutant Cephalosporium acremonium M-0198 has been increased some 70-fold over that of our earlier system. We confirmed the stimulatory effects of FeSO4 and ascorbate described by Hook et al. (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 87: 258, 1979); the optimum concentrations found were 0.04 mM FeSO4 and 0.67 mM ascorbate. Adenosine triphosphate concentration was lowered to 0.83 mM; phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase were eliminated. The optimum pH and temperature for the reaction were 7.2 and 25 degrees C, respectively. Alpha-ketoglutarate and MnCl2 showed no marked effect on the reactions, MgSO4 and KCl were mildly stimulatory, and CuSO4 and ZnSO4 were very inhibitory. Penicillin N was optimal at a concentration of 0.07 mM. Specific ring-expansion activity reached its peak 13 hours after growth ceased and then disappeared rapidly. PMID- 44284 TI - Somatostatin along the auditory pathway. AB - Several structures associated with the auditory pathway have been examined by radioimmunoassay for their content of somatostatin. Of these, the medial geniculate body had the highest content, followed by the cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus, auditory cortex and cochlea. Cochlear perilymph had no detectable somatostatin-like immunoreactivity. PMID- 44285 TI - Ruminal changes during the onset and recovery of induced lactic acidosis in sheep. PMID- 44286 TI - Prevention of sporulation of bovine coccidia by the ensiling of a manure-blended diet. PMID- 44287 TI - Effect of thiopeptin and sodium bicarbonate on the prevention of lactic acidosis induced in sheep. PMID- 44288 TI - The bacterial flora of the rumen of healthy and bloating calves. PMID- 44289 TI - The Society for Applied Bacteriology. The 48th annual meeting and summer conference of the Society held at the University of Newcastle upon Tyne on July 17, 18, 19 and 20, 1979. PMID- 44290 TI - Effects of divalent metal cations in the growth medium upon sensitivity of batch grown Pseudomonas aeruginosa to EDTA or polymyxin B. PMID- 44291 TI - The growtn of Microbacterium thermosphactum on beef. PMID- 44292 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive polyarteritis nodosa. A report of two cases and review of literature. PMID- 44293 TI - "Systematic desensitization therapy in examination phobia". PMID- 44294 TI - Hypothesis repolarization and its disturbances in striated muscle. PMID- 44295 TI - Neuromuscular transmission. PMID- 44296 TI - Somatic cell hybrids between totipotent mouse teratocarcinoma and rat hepatoma cells. AB - We have produced somatic cell hybrids between totipotent mouse teratocarcinoma cells and rat hepatoma cells. These hybrids were tested for the expression of liver specific functions expressed in the hepatoma cell parent and for their ability to differentiate when injected into nude mice. The results of this study indicate that hybrid cell clones do not resemble either of the parental cells, since they do not produce albumin and tyrosine aminotransferase that are expressed in the rat hepatoma parent, and are incapable of forming either teratocarcinomas or hepatomas when injected in experimental animals. PMID- 44297 TI - Effect of cell density on energy-dependent calcium uptake by Balb/c 3T3 membranes is independent of protein synthesis and attachment to substratum. AB - Membranes isolated from subconfluent cultures of Balb/c 3T3 cells have low energy dependent calcium uptake activity. Replating confluent cells at low density results in a prompt fall of energy-dependent calcium uptake by membrane fractions. The level to which uptake activity falls is a function of the density at which the cells are plated (Moore and Pastan, '77b). To determine if regulation of energy-dependent uptake of calcium by membrane fractions is dependent upon attachment to a substrate and to further characterize conditions that regulate the process, we examined calcium uptake activity of membranes isolated from cells in suspension. With cells in suspension energy-dependent calcium uptake activity of isolated membranes falls promptly if cells are diluted to a low density (less than 10(5) cells/ml) and is a function of cell density. When cells in suspension at low cell densities are concentrated to high cell densities (greater than 2 x 10(6) cells/ml), calcium uptake activity of the isolated membrane fraction is increased as a function of cell density. These changes of membrane calcium uptake activity occur promptly and do not require protein synthesis. PMID- 44298 TI - Highly sensitive assay for tyrosine hydroxylase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A highly sensitive assay for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with amperometric detection was devised based on the rapid isolation of enzymatically formed DOPA by a double-column procedure, the columns fitted together sequentially (the top column of Amberlite CG-50 and the bottom column of aluminium oxide). DOPA was adsorbed on the second aluminium oxide column, then eluted with 0.5 M hydrochloric acid, and assayed by HPLC with amperometric detection. D-Tyrosine was used for the control. alpha Methyldopa was added to the incubation mixture as an internal standard after incubation. This assay was more sensitive than radioassays and 5 pmol of DOPA formed enzymatically could be measured in the presence of saturating concentrations of tyrosine and 6-methyltetrahydropterin. The TH activity in 2 mg of human putamen could be easily measured, and this method was found to be particularly suitable for the assay of TH activity in a small number of nuclei from animal and human brain. PMID- 44299 TI - Simplified determination of lorazepam and oxazepam in biological fluids by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - Lorazepam and oxazepam in plasma and urine were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Oxazepam was used as an internal standard in the assay of lorazepam and vice versa. After removal of interfering substances with n-hexane, the drugs were extracted with benzene and converted to N1,O3-bistrimethylsilyl derivatives. Glucuronide forms of the drugs were extracted after hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase. A common fragment ion at m/e 429 was used to monitor the two drugs. The sensitivity was 2 ng/ml for both drugs, which was sufficient to determine plasma and urine concentrations after therapeutic doses to humans. PMID- 44300 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of glipizide and some other sulfonylurea drugs in serum. PMID- 44301 TI - Determination of the anti-allergenic agent, 2-methoxy-11-oxo-11H-pyrido[2,1 b]quinazoline-8-carboxylic acid, in biological fluids by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A rapid, sensitive, and specific high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay was developed for the determination of 2-methoxy-11-oxo-11H-pyrido-[2,1 b]quinazoline-8-carboxylic acid (I) from biological fluids. The overall recovery from blood and plasma is 69 +/- 10% (S.D.) and 84 +/- 6% (S.D.), respectively, and the sensitivity limit of quantitation is 100 ng/ml by UV absorption and 5 ng/ml by fluorescence detection using a 1 ml specimen. The assay was used in the determination of blood levels of compound in the Rhesus monkey following intravenous administration of a 10 mg/kg dose, and of blood and urine levels of compound I in a dog following intravenous and oral administration of a 1 mg/kg dose. PMID- 44302 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic identification of nineteen benzodiazepine derivatives. PMID- 44303 TI - Chromatography of xanthines on ion-exchange resins. AB - Short columns of a 4% crosslinked cation-exchange resin gave good chromatography of xanthines, including caffeine, theophylline and hypoxanthine, and related polar aromatic compounds. Elution volumes and sequences can be modified by changing pH, solvent composition and resin counter-ion. A macroporous cation exchange resin showed exaggerated counter-ion effects. A method is described for determining caffeine and theophylline in blood serum, using the 4% crosslinked resin with aqueous sodium phosphate eluent of pH 7.5; the temperature was 65 degrees. Detection limits are 10 ng and less. PMID- 44304 TI - Prevention of major dental disorders. Symposium held at Marabou, Sundbyberg, Sweden, June 16, 1979. PMID- 44305 TI - Sugar substitutes and plaque-pH-telemetry in caries prevention. PMID- 44306 TI - Elucidation of the inhibitory factors of yogurt against Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The inhibitory nature of yogurt against contaminating microorganisms has been studied extensively. Nevertheless, the factors responsible for the death of Salmonella typhimurium in yogurt have not been elucidated. An understanding of these factors is important for the determination of yogurt's safety to consumer health. Yogurt fermented for 18 h at 42 C had a stable environment with the following conditions: pH 3.85, oxidation-reduction potential -80 mV, lactic acid concentration 158 mM, and acetic acid concentration 3.7 mM. Under these conditions, lactic acid was responsible for virtually all of yogurt's bactericidal activity against S. typhimurium at 37 C. Die-off rates were observed when these conditions were reproduced artificially in milk (artificial milk yogurt) and when lactic acid was added back to 18-h yogurt from which acids were removed by passage of the whey through a Dowex 1 (Cl-) anion exchange column (cationic yogurt). Factors that augmented lactic acid inhibition of S. typhimurium were low pH and low oxidation-reduction potential. The die-off rate of S. typhimurium was more rapid in yogurt whey (yogurt minus the casein fraction) than in whole yogurt, indicating that the casein fraction was partially able to protect Salmonella. PMID- 44307 TI - Determinants of the longevity of third-stage infective larvae of Ancylostoma tubaeforme. AB - The effects of some extrinsic factors on the lipid (energy) reserves and longevity of third-stage larvae of the cat hookworm Ancylostoma tubaeforme, were investigated under controlled laboratory conditions. In nonstressful microenvironmental conditions, larval longevity was directly related to the rate of utilisation of the lipid reserves. The effects of the various environmental stresses on longevity could also be explained largely on the basis of their deleterious effects on the lipid metabolism of the larvae. PMID- 44308 TI - pH changes in hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 44309 TI - Detection of anticapsular antibodies to Bacteroides asaccharolyticus in serum from rabbits and humans by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A sensitive serologic test, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was used to detect serum IgG antibodies directed specifically to a capsular antigen of Bacteroides asaccharolyticus (previously known as Bacteroides melaninogenicus subspecies asaccharolyticus). Anticapsular IgG was measured in 30 specimens of rabbit serum after the animals were immunized with whole B. asaccharolyticus, the two subspecies of B. melaninogenicus, and several other bacterial species. Species-specific anticapsular IgG was demonstrated (P less than 0.001). Levels of anticapsular IgG greater than control levels were likewise detected in serum from two humans, including one patient who had periodontitis and from whom B. asaccharolyticus was isolated, and a laboratory worker who had extensive exposure over a two-year period to B. asaccharolyticus. The ELISA was found to be a relatively simple, sensitive tool for measurement of serum IgG. Its application to detection of immunoglobulins of other classes, including secretory IgA, is anticipated, provided adequate standardization methods are used. PMID- 44310 TI - Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing disease. AB - Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae from 525 infected children were examined over a four-year period. Type distribution was similar among 84 cases of bacteremia and 30 cases of meningitis, with types 6, 14, and 18 accounting for half of the illnesses. In contrast, half of 396 episodes of otitis media were caused by three other types, 19, 23, and 3. Four of eight fatalities were due to type 6. Carrier strains isolated from children had a distribution of types similar to that of the otitis media collection. Adult patients had fewer of the types that caused disease in children. Most childhood infections (80%) occurred in children less than or equal to 24 months of age; no relationship between age and infecting serotype was noted. There were no seasonal trends in type distribution. PMID- 44311 TI - [The 52nd Congress of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (II). Abstracts]. PMID- 44312 TI - Statistico epidemiological study of changes in the vaginal flora of contraceptive pill users in Alexandria. PMID- 44313 TI - Metabolic effects of femoro-femoral veno-arterial bypass without oxygenator. PMID- 44314 TI - Characterization of the autolytic enzymes of Clostridium perfringens. AB - Clostridium perfringens and isolated walls of this organism autolysed rapidly when incubated in buffer at pH 7.0 with the release of free-reducing groups but no N-terminal amino acids. The predominant autolytic enzyme was an endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase, and an endo-beta-N-acetylmuramidase was also present. The autolytic enzymes could be solubilized by extraction of the organisms with 5 M LiCl and would then subsequently bind to and rapidly lyse walls of Micrococcus luteus and, more slowly, formamide-extracted walls of C. perfringens and walls of Bacillus subtilis. Lysis of C. perfringens walls by these extracted enzymes could not be demonstrated. PMID- 44315 TI - A biochemical explanation for lipid accumulation in Candida 107 and other oleaginous micro-organisms. AB - The biochemical explanation for lipid accumulation was investigated principally in Candida 107 and, for comparison, in the non-oleaginous yeast Candida utilis. There were no significant differences between these two yeasts in their control of glucose uptake; in both yeasts, the rates of glucose uptake were independent of the growth rate and were higher in carbon-limited chemostat cultures than in nitrogen-limited cultures. There was no lipid turnover in either yeast, as judged from [14C]acetate uptake and subsequent loss of 14C from the lipid of steady state chemostat cultures. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase from both yeasts was similar in most characteristics except that from Candida 107 was activated by citrate (40% activation at 1 mM). The enzyme from Candida 107 was relatively unstable and, when isolated from nitrogen-limited (lipid-accumulating) cultures, was accompanied by a low molecular weight inhibitor. The reason for lipid accumulation is attributed to the decrease in the intracellular concentration of AMP as cultures become depleted of nitrogen. As the NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase of Candida 107, but not C. utilis, requires AMP for activity, the metabolism of citrate through the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the mitochondria becomes arrested. In Candida 107, but not in C. utilis, there is an active ATP:citrate lyase which converts the accumulating citrate, when it passes into the cytosol, into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. The former product is then available for fatty acid biosynthesis which is stimulated by the high ATP concentration within the cells, by the activation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase by citrate and by the provision of NADPH generated as oxaloacetate is converted via malate to pyruvate. Similar characteristics were evident in oleaginous strains of Rhodotorula glutinis and Mucor circinelloides but not in non-oleaginous representatives of these species. PMID- 44316 TI - Cell wall-associated 1,4-beta-D-xylanase in Cryptococcus albidus var. aerius: in situ characterization of the activity. AB - 1,4-beta-D-Xylanase (1,4-beta-D-xylan xylanohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.8) has been detected in both cell-free extracts and culture fluids of the yeast Cryptococcus albidus var. aerius grown on glucose as the only carbon source. Mild acid treatment of whole cells proved that the enzyme was extracellularly located. The activity remained almost completely linked to the wall after cell breakage, only being liberated in the presence of salt at high concentration. After release, the enzyme became very unstable and so has been characterized in situ in 'permeabilized' cells. The maximum production took place at the beginning of the exponential growth phase. The optimum pH and temperature for activity were 5.0 and 40 degrees C, respectively. The enzyme degraded xylan and xylo-oligosides by an endo-splitting mechanism giving xylobiose, xylotriose and xylose as the main end-products. Activation energy and kinetic constants for xylan degradation were determined. Several metal ions such as Ag+ and Hg2+ inhibited the enzyme. The possible function of this endo-xylanase in Cr. albidus var. aerius is discussed. PMID- 44317 TI - Some characteristics of early appearing isomaltase in intestinal mucosa of suckling rat. AB - Characteristics of early appearing free isomaltase in the soluble fraction were investigated in rat intestinal mucosa. Soluble isomaltase and membrane-bound sucrase-isomaltase complex were prepared from 15-day-old rat intestine. Immunochemical properties, optimal pH and heat sensitivity of soluble isomaltase were compared with those of membrane-bound isomaltase. Optimal pH of free isomaltase in the soluble fraction was lower than that of membrane-bound isomaltase. Soluble and membrane-bound isomaltase showed different sensitivities for temperature. Furthermore, membrane-bound isomaltase in 15-day-old suckling rat intestine gave a single line with antiserum. However, soluble isomaltase gave no precipitin line. From these results, it could be concluded that soluble isomaltase is not derived from the isomaltase moiety of membrane-bound sucrase isomaltase complex as a result of mechanical fragility and rather it would be lysosomal in origin. PMID- 44318 TI - Effect of fluoride on ion exchange, remineralization and acid resistance of surface enamel. AB - In a system of constant ion activities the rates of F- exchange in enamel, under conditions of exchange alone and remineralization, depended on the concentration of F- in solutions. Acid resistance of surface minerals resulted from exchange of F- for OH- in the enamel at pH 7.0 and 4.5. The level of 0.5 mM NaF, compared to 0.05 and 6.0 mM, caused maximum rates of isotopic exchange of 45Ca and maximum acid resistance of enamel. Similarly low levels of F- may be feasible for use in caries prevention in the absence and presence of remineralization. PMID- 44319 TI - Comparative ultrastructure of Bacteroides melaninogenicus subspecies. PMID- 44321 TI - [Significance of hemopoietic dysplasia--from the initial suggestion of the term, hemopoietic dysplasia, to the organization of Internation Preleukemia Study Group]. PMID- 44320 TI - [Round-table discussion on hemopoietic dysplasia at the 20th Congress of the Japan Society of Clinical Hematology]. PMID- 44322 TI - Sequential hepatic changes during sterigmatocystin-induced carcinogenesis in the rat. AB - The effect of protein deficiency on the hepatotoxicity and carcinogenicity of sterigmatocystin was studied in rats. Sterigmatocystin, 500 ppm/day, fed in a regular diet induced marked toxic effects and there was a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and hyperplastic nodules. The same dosage fed in a protein-deficient diet produced toxic signs followed by a high incidence of death within 27 weeks. Surviving animals showed dysplastic liver cell changes but no tumors were noted. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was 87% in rats receiving 15 ppm of the substance per day for 200 days in a protein-deficient diet. Sequential histologic and histochemical studies revealed that hyperplastic and preneoplastic liver lesions appeared at 28--32 weeks after inseption of the sterigmatocystin-supplemented diet. No cirrhotic changes and only transient fibrosis were noted. The morphogenesis of the sterigmatocystin-induced lesions was compared with that of aflatoxin B1-induced lesions. PMID- 44323 TI - Symposium on toxins: proceedings of the 25th Symposium on Toxin held at New Atami Hotel, Atami, Shizuoka, on July 13 and 14, 1978. PMID- 44324 TI - Amines and the rat exocrine pancreas: (1). Effects of receptor blockers on turnover of L-dopa. AB - The acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas have the capacity of efficiently take up and metabolize L-dopa. In the present study, the metabolism of L-dopa by the exocrine pancreas of the rat and effects of receptor blockers on the metabolism were studied by fluorescent histochemical and chemical methods. After i.v. administration of L-dopa (50 mg/kg), a large amount of dopamine (DA) was detected in the exocrine pancreas, and in the pancreatic juice large amounts of DA and its metabolites. DA-blockers (haloperidol, sulpiride, and pimozide) and alpha blockers (phenoxybenzamine, and phentolamine) produced a significant increase in the accumulation of DA after administration of L-dopa. On the other hand, beta blockers (propranolol, and oxprenolol) were without effects. The excretion of DA into the pancreatic juice appeared to be associated with the secretion of zymogen granules, thus DA serves as an indicator of pancreatic secretory activity, especially of enzyme secretion. Because DA- and alpha-blockers produced an increase in the accumulation of DA, dopaminergic and/or alpha-adrenergic mechanisms probably exist in the exocrine pancreas of the rat and these mechanisms modify the enzyme secretion. PMID- 44325 TI - Amines and the rat exocrine pancreas: (2) Effects of receptor blockers on turnover of L-5HTP. AB - The metabolism of L-5HTP by the rat exocrine pancreas, and effects of blockers on the metabolism were studied by fluorescent histochemical and chemical methods. Histochemically, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) blockers (methyserigide and cyprohepatdine) and dopamine (DA) blockers (haloperidol and sulpiride) produced no apparent changes in fluorescence pictures after injection of L-5HTP. alpha blockers (phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor (iproniazide) produced an increased accumulation of 5-HT fluorescence in the apical regions of acinar cells where the zymogen granules are stored. Chemically, the 5-HT blockers decreased the 5-HT content after injection of L 5HPT. Sulpiride had no effect. Haloperidol decreased the 5-HT content. MAO inhibitor resulted in a vast accumulation of L-dopa: e.g. (1) L-5HTP was more slowly eliminated, and (2) 5-HT blockers produced a decreased content of 5-HT after injection of L-5HTP, in contrast to the finding that DA-blockers produced an incresed content of DA after injection of L-dopa. The mechanism responsible for the differences is discussed in relation to the possible pharmacological effects of L-5HTP and L-dopa on the secretion from the exocrine pancreas of rats. PMID- 44326 TI - Antiarrhythmic activity of dextro- and levo-isomers of 5-methyl-8-(2-hydroxy-3-t butylamino-propoxy) coumarin hydrocholoride (bucumolol), a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, on aconitine-induced atrial and ouabain-induced ventricular arrhythmias in dogs. AB - The beta-blocking, antiarrhythmic, and local anesthetic effects of the racemic mixture and optical isomers of bucumolol, 5-methyl-8-(2-hydroxy-3-t-butylamino propoxy) coumarin hydrochloride, were studied in dogs, guinea-pigs and frogs. In blocking the positive chrontropic response to isoproterenol, the levo-isomer of bucumolol was about 40 times more potent in dogs, and 270 times in guinea-pigs than its dextro-isomer and twice as effective in both species as the racemic mixture. In frog sciatic nerves bucumolol was 1/10-1/15 as potent in local anesthetic action as propranolol on a weight basis. Dextro- and levo-isomers and racemic bucumolol neither elevated electrical threshold for propagated impulses nor prolonged the effective refractory period of the dog right atrium. The levo isomer and racemic bucumolol were capable of suppressing aconitine-induced atrial arrhythmia, while the dextro-isomer was less effective. Both isomers and racemic bucumolol were capable of reversing ventricular arrhythmia caused by ouabain, but the effective dose of the levo-isomer was significantly less than that of the dextro-isomer. The results suggest that both specific beta-blocking activity and non-specific membrane action of bucumolol suppressed experimental arrhythmias in dogs produced by aconitine and ouabain. PMID- 44327 TI - Studies on kinin-forming enzyme in rat stomach. PMID- 44328 TI - 52nd General Meeting, Japanese Pharmacological Society, 26--29 March 1979, Tokyo, Japan. Proceedings. PMID- 44329 TI - [Effects of beta-adrenergic-receptor stimulators and alpha-adrenergic-receptor blocker on cyclic nucleotide contents of human plasma (author's transl)]. PMID- 44330 TI - [Introduction to the IX Retinological Symposium (author's transl)]. PMID- 44331 TI - Second National Conference on Emotional Stress and heart disease, October 13-15, 1978, Hilton Hotel, South Carolina. PMID- 44332 TI - Summation: the Second National Conference on emotional stress and heart disease. PMID- 44333 TI - [Orthodontic abnormalities as a result of trauma]. PMID- 44334 TI - The developmental tendencies of insurance medicine in South Africa. PMID- 44335 TI - [Plasma lipids. What role do they play in atherogenesis?]. PMID- 44336 TI - [Improved diagnosis of lipoproteins with vasoprotective and vasoaggresive properties]. PMID- 44337 TI - [Prognosis of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 44338 TI - [Life expectancy in liver injuries from alcohol abuse]. PMID- 44339 TI - [Life expectancy after lung resection]. PMID- 44340 TI - [Has life expectancy in chronic obstructive airway diseases improved?]. PMID- 44341 TI - [Proceedings of the Quantimet Symposium on Advances of Quantitative Image Analysis, Dortmund, 7-8 December 1978]. PMID- 44342 TI - Relative abundance of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in different habitats. PMID- 44343 TI - [The metabolically disordered neuron]. PMID- 44345 TI - The immune response to type II and type VIII pneumococcal vaccines in Basilea rabbits lacking K light chains. Immunochemical and partial amino acid sequence studies of the light chains. PMID- 44344 TI - [Effect of piperazine in a citrosodic vehicle on urinary pH in uric acid lithiasis]. PMID- 44346 TI - The structural correlates of the rabbit light chain b allotypes: sequence studies of b5 and b6 chains. PMID- 44347 TI - Mitochondrial ATPase of Zajdela hepatoma. VI. Effect of extramitochondrial ATP and pH on uncoupler-sensitivity of mitochondrial ATPase activity. AB - Coupled Zajdela hepatoma mitochondria were reported to exhibit uncoupler insensitive ATPase activity. The results of this study show that under specific conditions the ATPase activity of Zajdela hepatoma mitochondria can be stimulated by uncouplers. These conditions include (a) the addition of ATP to the mitochondria before the uncoupler in the ATPase activity assay or (b) elevation of pH (above 8.5) of the ATPase activity assay medium. PMID- 44348 TI - Serum enzymes in ovarian carcinoma. AB - The following enzymatic activities were measured in serum of patients with benign and malignant ovarian tumors before treatment: alkaline and acid phosphatases, aspartyl (AspAT) and alanyl (AlAT) aminotransferases, leucyl (LAP) and alanyl (AAP) aminopeptidases, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cathepsin, alkaline ribonuclease (RNase) and beta-glucuronidase. It was shown that at least three determinations (phosphatases and LAP) are practically useless in a discrimination between the examined groups. RNase in combination with AspAT (AlAT) or RNase with AAP and LDH were found to give the best results as marker enzymes. PMID- 44349 TI - [Are periodontal diseases specific infectious diseases?]. PMID- 44350 TI - Abstracts of the 1979 Meeting of the European Federation of Child Neurology Societies in Brussels. PMID- 44351 TI - [Determination in urine of the enzyme, gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma GT). Usefulness in nephrology]. PMID- 44352 TI - [Sympatho-adrenergic effects on renal acidification processes]. PMID- 44353 TI - Abstracts of the Third European Neuroscience Meeting. Rome, Italy, September 11 14, 1979. Sponsored by the European Neuroscience Association. PMID- 44354 TI - Changes in body temperature after administration of amino acids, peptides, dopamine, neuroleptics and related agents. AB - Drugs may alter body temperature by acting on any component of the thermoregulatory system. These components include heat production, heat conservation and heat loss effectors and their efferent pathways, thermosensors and their afferent pathways and neurons within the central nervous system that coordinate thermoregulatory effector activities. A thermostat is often thought to be involved although thermoregulation can be explained by models that do not incorporate a thermostat. An action on a particular component can be assessed by determining the effect of a drug on body temperature over a range of environmental temperatures and by observation and measurement of associated changes in effector activities. A scheme for such assessment is presented along with examples of its use. The study of drug-induced changes in body temperature has expanded greatly within the past decade. The primary purpose of this review is to provide a readily available source of information on interactions between certain drugs and the thermoregulatory system. Extensive tables are presented of body temperature changes after administration of amino acids, peptides, dopamine and related agents, phenothiazine neuroleptics and also phenothiazines that lack neuroleptic activity, butyrophenones, diphenylbutylpiperidines such as pimozide and miscellaneous neuroleptics. The information tabulated includes the species used, route of administration and dose of drugs, the environmental temperature at which the experiments were performed, the number of tests, the direction and magnitude of body temperature change and remarks on the presence of special conditions, such as age or lesions, or on the influence of other drugs, such as antagonists, on the response to the primary drug. Most of the cited literature was published since 1965. PMID- 44355 TI - Developmental protein malnutrition: influences on the central nervous system of the rat. AB - Our group has been carrying out interdisciplinary studies on the effects of prenatal and postnatal protein malnutrition on the developing rat brain. Anatomical, physiological, biochemical and behavioral approaches using the same animal model have revealed that protein malnutrition affects the brain at various levels, i.e., (1) anatomical, as revealed by Golgi findings of deranged dendritic trees on analysis of cortical and subcortical areas; (2) physiological, as revealed by delayed sleep pattern maturation, disturbances in seizure thresholds, slowing of sensory cortico-cortical and thalamocortical evoked potentials, and changed power in hippocampal theta activity; (3) biochemical, as revealed by marked increases in biogenic amines dating from birth, as well as modifications in tryptophan metabolism; and (4) behavioral, as revealed by various changes in responses to different kinds of aversive stimulation. Reversal studies have revealed that many changes are permanent and not amenable to nutritional rehabilitation even at birth, which is before the brain growth spurt in the rat. Our paradigm closely mimicks the human condition of low level, chronic protein undernutrition and thus reveals the underlying disturbances due to malnutrition. The dietary reversal studies are attempts at pin-pointing critical brain growth periods, beyond which recovery of functions is not possible. PMID- 44356 TI - Glaucoma Society of the International Congress of Ophthalmology. PMID- 44357 TI - [12. Foot arthrodeses. a). 10-year results of Ducroquet-Launay's operation (combined arthrodeses of the subtalar and Chopart joint) (author's transl)]. PMID- 44358 TI - Parasites in Bulinus senegalensis (Mollusca: Planorbidae) and their detection. AB - Isoelectric focusing studies on enzyme variation between populations of the snail Bulinus senegalensis revealed that parasitic infections in the snails contributed additional bands of enzyme activity, particularly in the glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) systems. The patterns due to the parasite enzymes were, in most cases, clearly distinct from those of the host and different from each other. Parasites encountered included Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis, Paramphistomum microbothrium, another amphistome probably belonging to the group which infect amphibians, Echinostoma revolutum, another echinostome (probably Echinoparyphium sp.), strigeids, xiphidiocercariae (these were resolved into 3 distinct types by the enzyme data) and ciliate protozoa. The 7 host populations which were examined showed marked differences in both the prevalence and variety of their parasitic infections and these variations were tentatively related to environmental differences in their respective habitats and to the nature of human contact patterns. Seasonal changes in the parasite fauna were also noted and some of the implications of the parasite load on the host population are briefly mentioned. PMID- 44359 TI - Proceedings of the British Society for Parasitology: Spring Meeting held at the University of Keele, 9-11, April 1979. PMID- 44360 TI - Non-specific induction of increased resistance in mice to Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei by immunostimulants. AB - Administration of the immunostimulants Corynebacterium parvum, Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) or Bordetella pertussis prior to, or at the same time as, challenge with Trypanosoma congolense significantly increased survival times in mice, both of trypano-susceptible (A/J) and trypano-resistant (C57Bl) strains. The increased survival time was associated with significant alterations in parasitaemia, which included lengthening of the pre-patent period, a delay in the time taken to reach the first peak of parasitaemia and a reduction in the level of parasitaemia. Similar results were obtained when these strains of mice were challenged with Trypanosoma brucei following pre-treatment with C. parvum. Thus, by the use of immunostimulants it was possible to reduce the susceptibility of mice to trypanosomiasis and the hope is that this can also be achieved with domestic livestock. PMID- 44361 TI - Acid phosphatase activity demonstrated by intact Angiostrongylus cantonesis with special reference to its function. AB - Intact Angiostrongylus cantonensis is able to hydrolyse glucose-phosphate esters, mononucleotides and rho-nitrophenyl phosphate as well as beta-glycerophosphate in vitro. Reciprocal inhibition studies suggest that the hydrolysis of such substrates is due to a non-specific phosphomonoesterase. Molybdate ions, which exert no effect on either the uptake of glucose or the production of lactate, inhibit the hydrolysis of glucose-1-phosphate in the external medium and simultaneously lower the production of lactate by the intact worms in vitro. PMID- 44362 TI - [Selected characteristics of carcinogenesis in Wistar rats induced by aflatoxin B1. I. Morphological changes and glutamyl transpeptidase activity]. PMID- 44363 TI - [The 38th Annual Meeting of the Japan Radiological Society]. PMID- 44364 TI - [A trial of scintigraphic assessment of undescended testicles in boys after surgical operations for placing them into the scrotum (author's transl)]. PMID- 44365 TI - [Peptides in the central nervous system - potential neurotransmitters or neuromodulators?]. PMID- 44366 TI - [Blood serum glutamyl transpeptidase activity in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 44368 TI - [Round table conference. Anus-sparing surgery in the treatment of rectal carcinoma]. PMID- 44367 TI - [Round table conference. Ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 44369 TI - [Physiologic and hygienic aspects of exposure to high and low temperatures]. PMID- 44370 TI - Paper chromatographic separation and identification of 1,4-benzodiazepines and Mandrax. PMID- 44371 TI - Spontaneous generation of adriamycin semiquinone radicals at physiologic pH. AB - Adriamycin semiquinone radicals are spontaneously generated by adriamycin solutions at physiologic pH. Rate of radical formation and equilibrium-state radical yield increase with increasing pH from 7.4 to 8.85. The radicals are oxygen sensitive, but the mechanism of radical formation is oxygen independent and associated with proton removal from the dihydroquinone of adriamycin. The less cardiotoxic and non-mutagenic (Ames test) anthracycline 5-iminodaunorubicin does not form semiquinone radicals spontaneously at physiologic pH. PMID- 44372 TI - Effects of propoxyphene, ethoheptazine, and azabicyclane on schedule-controlled responding: attenuation by pentobarbital but not naloxone. AB - The effects of propoxyphene, ethoheptazine, and azabicyclane, alone and in combination with 1 mg/kg naloxone, were studied in pigeons responding under a multiple fixed ratio, fixed interval schedule of food presentation. Low doses of pentobarbital (3, 5.6, and 10 mg/kg) attenuated the rate-decreasing effects produced by 20 mg/kg propoxyphene, ethoheptazine, and azabicyclane. Naloxone antagonized the rate-decreasing effects produced by 10 mg/kg azabicyclane but did not antagonize the rate-decreasing effects of propoxyphene or ethoheptazine. PMID- 44373 TI - Atypical antidopaminergic properties of CI-686: a potential antipsychotic agent. AB - The effects of the antipsychotic/antidepressant drug CI-686 on apomorphine- and amphetamine-induced stereotypies, dopamine metabolism, neuroleptic binding, and serum prolactin levels were determined. CI-686 displayed profiles of activity in each of these systems that differs markedly from those of other antipsychotics. CI-686's unique preclinical profile suggests a mechanism of action other than dopamine antagonism which could have implications regarding current thinking on the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. PMID- 44374 TI - Relationship of butaperazine blood levels to plasma prolactin in chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - The relationship of plasma prolactin to plasma or red blood cell butaperazine levels was investigated in chronic schizophrenic patients treated with clinical doses of butaperazine, both after a single acute dose of the drug and during regular, twice daily butaperazine administration. Although there was a significant curvilinear relationship between peak plasma butaperazine levels after an acute single oral dose of butaperazine and the maximum prolactin response that we measured, steady-state levels of plasma or red cell butaperazine and plasma prolactin were not related. We conclude that plasma prolactin cannot be used as a substitute for or even as a rough indicator of butaperazine blood levels in chronic schizophrenic patients being treated with clinical doses of butaperazine. PMID- 44376 TI - Hepatitis B virus-induced immune complex disease. PMID- 44375 TI - Sulpiride in tardive dyskinesia. AB - Tardive dyskinesia can be suppressed by drugs that block dopaminergic receptors, but often at the cost of a concomitant increase in parkinsonism. Sulpiride (400 - 2100 mg/day), a selective type-2 dopamine receptor antagonist, was evaluated in a blind, placebo-controlled trial in 11 patients with tardive dyskinesia. It significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced tardive dyskinesia without significantly affecting parkinsonism, although three patients had a increase in preexisting parkinsonian hypokinesia and tremor. During the placebo phase, the tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonian scores returned to the pretreatment values. There was no relationship between either tardive dyskinesia or parkinsonism and eye blinking rates. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that more than one population of dopamine receptors are involved in controlling extrapyramidal function. Sulpiride is an important tool for elucidating both the practical and heuristic aspects of subtypes of dopamine receptors and is a lead in the search for compounds that selectively affect dopaminergic mechanisms. PMID- 44377 TI - Characterization of the two major species of slow reacting substance from rat basophilic leukemia cells as glutathionyl thioethers of eicosatetraenoic acids oxygenated at the 5 position. Evidence that peroxy groups are present and important for spasmogenic activity. AB - The most prominent slow reacting substance from rat basophilic leukemia cells (type I) was characterized by radiochemical, chemical and physical methods and shown to contain a C20 unsaturated fatty acid oxygenated at the 5 position and a sulfur containing side chain in thioether linkage at the 6 position. Its spasmogenic action on guinea pig ileal muscle was largely inactivated under reducing conditions which suggested that a peroxy group was present and important for contractile activity. This was supported by ferrous thiocyanate analysis. The peroxy group is almost certainly at the 5 position, probably in the form of a peroxy ester or hydroperoxide. Based on amino acid hydrolysis (0.85 moles of glycine and 0.30 moles of glutamic acid per mole SRS), the sulfur containing side chain is apparently a mixture of glutathione and cysteinyl-glycine, but by chromatography the side chain is predominantly glutathione and the low yield of glutamic acid may be due to complexing of its alpha COOH group in a peroxy ester linkage. The fatty acid moiety has 3 conjugated double bonds, probably at the 7,8, 9,10 and 11,12 positions. Type II SRS, the second major species, differs in that the sulfur containing side chain is linked at the 12 or 13 position and is almost certainly glutathione and in the failure of alkaline borohydride to produce inactivation. These observations strongly implicate the lipoxygenase pathway in slow reacting substance biosynthesis. PMID- 44378 TI - [Pulmonary function in dogs submitted to bilateral cervical vagotomy (author's transl)]. AB - A study of the effects of cervical vagotomy on pulmonary function in two groups of dogs was done: the first group had been vagotomized and submitted to spontaneous breathing and the second had been vagotomized and submitted to mechanical ventilation. pH, partial pressure of carbonic acid in arterial blood (PaCO2), partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2), plasmatic bicarbonate (HCO-3), alveolar arterial oxygen difference (P(A-a)O2) while the patients breathed room air and 100% O2 and pulmonary shunting didn't change after vagotomy. There was no difference between these two groups. Hemodynamic parameters like oxygen content difference (C(a-v)O2) between arterial and venous blood, heart hate (FC), mean blood pressure (Pam) and capillary hydrostatic pressure (Pcp) didn't change after vagotomy. None of these parameters were different between the two groups. PMID- 44379 TI - [Reciprocal value of gammaglutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin in in diffuse chronic hepatopathies]. PMID- 44380 TI - Effect of exogenous serotonin on intragastric pH and its influence on serum gastrin levels in rats. AB - The effect of various doses of serotonin on the serum gastrin levels and intragastric pH in rats, was studied. After serotonin administration of 10 mg/kg i.p., a significant increase in serum gastrin levels was noted, as well as a strong increase in the intragastric pH. It was also observed that a lower dose, 5 mg/kg i.p., significantly increased serum gastrin levels, while intragastric pH was not affected, remaining at baseline values throughout the study. These results suggest that the increase observed in serum gastrin levels after administration of exogenous serotonin is not mediated by increase in intragastric pH. PMID- 44381 TI - Metabolic and physiological effects of adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in the horse. AB - In the horse the effect of the adrenergenic agonists adrenaline, phenylephrine and salbutamol on haematocrit, plasma free fatty acid, glycerol and lactate levels were investigated. Effects on heart rate, sweating and muscle tremor were also studied. The effects of administration of the adrenoceptor antagonists propranolol, metoprolol, H35/25 and acepromazine on adrenaline-induced changes were examined. The results obtained with these agonists and antagonists suggest that the lipolysis and hyperglycaemia are mediated via beta-adrenoceptors. It appears that both beta1 and beta2 subtypes are involved. Muscle glycogenolysis, muscle tremor and sweating were mediated via beta2-adrenoceptors. Although salbutamol caused an elevation in haematocrit the other results support the alpha mediation of adrenaline induced increases in haematocrit. PMID- 44382 TI - pH homeostasis during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in critically ill patients. AB - We investigated the effect of repeated administration of sodium bicarbonate on acid-base balance and serum chemistry in a group of patients who developed cardiac arrest. A mixed acidosis persisted throughout the duration of resuscitation in the majority of patients in spite of the large ventilatory volume and multiple doses of bicarbonate they received. However, the repeated administration of bicarbonate prevented a severe fall in serum pH. Our study demonstrated the beneficial role of bicarbonate in the treatment of metabolic acidosis associated with cardiac arrest of prolonged duration. Analysis of our data strongly indicated that the primary factors which determine the serum pH during cardiopulmonary resuscitation are the duration of circulatory arrest, adequacy of ventilation and circulation, pH immediately before arrest, and quantity of bicarbonate administered and its volume of distribution in the various fluid and tissue compartments. PMID- 44383 TI - Does penicillin kill bacteria?. AB - The thesis is presented that the bactericidal action of penicillin and of other inhibitors of cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis, such as vancomycin and cycloserine, is secondary or tertiary to their ability inhibit specific reactions in the assembly of an osmotically protective cell wall. Examples are given of the inhibition of these reactions, which results in inhibition of cell growth (bacteriostatic action) in the absence of either cellular lysis or rapid loss of viability. Thus, in some instances, inhibitory concentrations of these drugs are, in effect, sublethal; this is true, for example, for Streptococcus mutans, a species of bacteria that is part of the normal flora of the oropharynx and that can cause subacute bacterial endocarditis. On the other hand, the damaging effects of the subminimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G on Streptococcus faecalis, a species with an active autolytic enzyme system, can be uncovered and converted to a lytic (and lethal) response by partial inhibition of fatty acid synthesis with low concentrations of cerulenin. Some theoretical and practical implications of the occurrence and inhibition of these secondary lethal consequences are discussed. PMID- 44384 TI - [The history of oto-neuro-ophthalmology]. PMID- 44385 TI - Effect of chlorhexidine on acidogenicity of dental plaque in vivo. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine on the acidogenicity of dental plaque, pH changes in plaque were measured in situ after sucrose applications. The results showed that a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse inhibited acid production for a period of 24 h, whereas a 0.05% chlorhexidine rinse showed an inhibitory effect for 4 h. It is suggested that the mechanism involved may be related to the retention of chlorhexidine in the mouth and in plaque providing a bacteriostatic milieu which may be of importance in the observed long-term effect. PMID- 44386 TI - The duodenum. Papers presented at the Fifth Annual Meeting of the International Duodenal Club. June 20--22, 1979 Falun, Sweden. PMID- 44387 TI - Evaluation of phagocytic and bactericidal activities of neutrophil granulocytes. Determination of viable extracellular bacteria by their incorporation of 14C leucine and 3H-thymidine. AB - A method for evaluation of human neutrophil granulocyte function based on the combined determination of total and extracellular bacteria is described. The total number of surviving bacteria is assessed by the determination of colony forming units (CFU) after hypotonic lysis of granulocytes. Extracellular viable bacteria can be determined by the incorporation of 14C-leucine or 3H-thymidine into bacterial macromolecules since there is a linear relationship between macromolecular synthesis and bacterial number and insignificant amounts of both 14C-leucine and 3H-thymidine is taken up by intracellular viable organisms. This method might be suitable for the differentiation of defects in phagocytosis and intracellular killing of various bacteria. PMID- 44388 TI - Psychotic toleration of neuroleptic medication. PMID- 44389 TI - Toxic interaction between narcotic analgesics and inhibitors of catechol-O methyltransferase. AB - A lethal synergism between morphine and tropolone, an inhibitor of catechol-O methyltransferase, was previously noted in adult male Holtzman rats. The present research demonstrates that this phenomenon generalizes across factors of sex, age, strain (Sprague--Dawley, Wistar) and species (Swiss albino mice). Acute toxicity was also significantly increased (1.5--1.9 times) in the case of codeine, methadone, meperidine and levorphanol, but to a lesser extent than for morphine (4.0 times) in the S-D strain. Another COMT inhibitor, 3,5-dihydroxy-4 methoxybenzoic acid, interacted with morphine in S-D rats to an equal degree as did tropolone. Post-treatment with 1 mg/kg of naloxone in rats or naltrexone in mice reduced the high lethality associated with morphine plus tropolone. There was a pronounced lowering of whole brain norepinephrine (NE) level after morphine plus tropolone in Wistar rats with doses of each component that alone caused no change in NE. Brain dopamine (DA) was elevated by tropolone and by its combination with morphine. Each drug alone caused slight lowering of brain serotonin. Enhancement by tropolone of the toxicity of (+)-amphetamine in mice and rats was of similar magnitude as for morphine. The possible role of brain NE and/or DA in the sensitivity to acute toxic effects of opioids in rodents is suggested by these data, as well as a parallel in this regard with amphetamine type stimulants. PMID- 44390 TI - [Histone-nonhistone protein complex reconstruction]. AB - A complex of chromatin proteins composed of five histon fractions and nine nonhiston fractions and stable in 2M NaCl solution was destructed by treating with urea, changing pH and decreasing the NaCl concentration, No reconstruction of the complex was observed after the said factors has been removed and the initial solvent composition restored. Nevertheless the reconstruction was detected after dissociation of the complex by desalting in the presence of DNA. The reconstruction was successful when stimulated both dimers and tetramers, the chromatin protein complex under study cannot be reconstructed by "self organization", the only way being through the stage of nucleoproteid formation, and is similar in this respect to some other complex protein structures of the cell. PMID- 44391 TI - [Catalytic properties of soluble 3':5'-AMP-dependent protein kinase of rabbit myocardium]. AB - The results of kinetic studies are presented for two forms of soluble 3':5'-AMP dependent protein kinase, obtained by DEAE-cellulose and hydroxyl apatite chromography. The pH optimum for both forms of the enzyme is shown to be 6.8-7.0; their activity is the highest at ionic strength of 0.023. Both forms of the enzyme at the above values of pH and ionic strength are thermoinactivated by the exponential law, their inactivation rate constants rise with temperature. Calcium ions in a concentration of 1.10(6)-2.10(-3) M have no effect on their activity. PMID- 44392 TI - [Oxidative phoshporylation, proton exchange and volume changes in hepatocyte mitochondria under the effect of exogenous succinate]. AB - Long use of exogenous succinate causes changes in hepatocytes bioenergetic functions in guinea pigs. The character of cation is of essential significance in this situation: sodium succinate produces a moderate stimulating effect, potassium succinate evokes a distinct energizing influence. PMID- 44393 TI - [Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase and tyrosine aminotransferase activities in rat liver tissue under different vitamin E content in the organism]. AB - Enzymic activity of tyrosine aminotransferase is unchanged in subcellular fractions of the liver tissue of control, E-hypovitaminotic rats and of the same animals subjected to a single vitamin E administration. Enzymic activity of phenyl alanine-4-hydroxylase in the supernatant fraction determined in the incubation medium without biopterin in animals with E-hypovitaminosis is 39% lower than in the control rats. The coefficient of phenyl alanine-4-hydroxylase activation with biopterin in vitro in E-hypovitaminotic animals is thrice as high as that in the control rats. A single vitamin E administration produces a 1.8 fold decrease in the activation coefficient. The data obtained give reason to suggest the possible influence to vitamin E on the biopterin level in the liver. PMID- 44394 TI - [Central hemodynamics in acute renal insufficiency in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]. PMID- 44395 TI - Determination of polyethylene glycols 4000 and 6000 in plasma protein preparations. AB - Polyethylene glycols 4,000 and 6,000 were determined in different plasma protein preparations by the formation of complexes with barium and iodide ions after precipitation of the proteins with perchloric acid. The method, which is fast and reliable, can be used for the determinations of PEG down to 0.005% (w/w) of the total protein content. PMID- 44396 TI - Report concerning Trichinella spiralis studies in the Netherlands 1977-1978. 1. Epidemiological and epizootiological situation in the Netherlands. PMID- 44397 TI - [Steroid-transforming enzymes from microorganisms. IX. Affinity chromatographic preparation and studies of the apoenzyme from a 4-en-3-oxosteroid: (acceptor)-1 en-oxidoreductase from Nocardia opaca]. AB - From the flavoenzyme, 4-en-3-oxosteroid: (acceptor)-1-en-oxidoreductase of Nocardia opaca, prosthetic group and apoenzyme were separated quantitatively by means of affinity chromatography in the presence of 2 M (NH4)2 at pH 3.0. Subsequently the apoenzyme was eluted from affinity matrix by 0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 8.0, whereas under these conditions the intact enzyme could not be eluted. The whole enzyme activity applied could be restored by incubation of the eluted apoenzyme with FAD. The binding strength of the apoenzyme to the immobilized steroid ligand is highly decreased in comparison to the native enzyme and can be interpreted by the action of rest hydrophobicity. That indicates the essential character of FAD for both ligand binding and transformation. PMID- 44398 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in yeasts. II. NAD+-and NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases in Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. AB - In Sm. lipolytica one NAD+-dependent and three NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases are detectable by polyacrylamide gelelectrophoresis. The NAD+ dependent ADH (ADH I), with a molecular weight of 240,000 daltons, reacts more intensively with long-chain alcohols (octanol) than with short-chain alcohols (methanol, ethanol). The ADH I is not or only minimally subject to glucose repression. Besides the ADH I band no additional inducible NAD+-dependent ADH band is gel-electrophoretically detectable during growth of yeast cells in medium containing ethanol or paraffin. The ADH I band is very probably formed by two ADH enzymes with the same electrophoretic mobility. The NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH II--IV) react with methanol, ethanol and octanol with different intensity. In polyacrylamide gradients two bands of NADP+-dependent ADH are detectable: one with a molecular weight of 70,000 daltons and the other with 120,000 daltons. The occurrence of the three NADP+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases is regulated by the carbon source of the medium. Sm. lipolytica shows a high tolerance against allylalcohol. Resistant mutants can be isolated only at concentrations of 1 M allylalcohol in the medium. All isolates of allylalcohol-resistant mutants show identical growth in medium containing ethanol as the wild type strain. PMID- 44399 TI - [Examinations on the pathomechanism of severe cardio-pulmonary hazards under i.v. tocolytic treatment with beta-adrenergic drugs (author's transl)]. AB - Lungs edemas in five pregnant women under i.v. tocolytic treatment with betaadrenergic drugs between the 28.--33. week of gestation are reported. Additionally, in all cases Betamethasone was given to prevent fetal lungs dysmaturity. Within less than 72 hours the occurrence of lungs edema was observed when both drugs were given simultaneously. These findings are in agreement with those of other authors, who observed similar symptoms in as well clinically healthy pregnant women under the same therapy. As the underlying pathomechanism the coincidence of the following factors are discussed: 1. An increased pressure in the pulmonary circulatory system as found in current, not yet published heart catheter investigations. 2. A reduced colloidosmotic pressure caused by Beta methasone. PMID- 44400 TI - [Forceps deliveries in epidural or general anesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - It was the aim the present study to evaluate maternal morbidity and fetal outcome of 832 pelvic outlet forceps deliveries during the years 1974 through 1977 with special reference to the method of anesthesia (Epidural anesthesia (EA) with Bupivacain 0,5% or general anesthesia (GA) with Methohexital-Na and Succinylcholin). Maternal vaginal and/or cervical injuries were seen significantly (p less than 0,001) more often in the forceps group than in spontaneous, vacuum, or breech deliveries. Vaginal injuries occurred less often (p less than 0,01) in the EA- than in the GA-group. Forceps deliveries were not associated with increased maternal morbidity in fetuses weighing 3750gr or more. The cardiotocography scores (Hammacher et al. 1974) of the 30 minutes preceeding delivery (final scores) were better with EA than with GA (p less than 0,01). Arterial cord pH and 1 minute Apgar values were similar in both groups. The same was true for fetuses with a birthweight of 3750gr or more. The time for cervical dilatation from 7 to 10 cm and duration of the second stage of labor did not influence maternal morbidity or fetal outcome, regardless of the method of anesthesia. PMID- 44401 TI - Isolation and some properties of an acid protease from Fasciola hepatica. AB - A new protease, detected in an extract of Fasciola hepatica, was isolated and partly purified. The pH optimum for the cleavage of denaturated haemoglobin by the enzyme is pH 3.0. This proteolytic activity is inhibited by diazoacetylnorleucine methyl ester, pepstatin, the pepsin inhibitor from Ascaris suum, and phenylalanine. The cathepsin D inhibitor from potatoes, EDTA, mercaptoethanol and the inorganic salts tested have no inhibitory effect. The cleavage of the B-chain of oxidized insulin by enzyme was studied and compared with the digestion of the same substrate by chicken and pig pepsin. The protease from Fasciola hepatica belongs to the carboxyl group of proteases and probably plays an important role in helminth nutrition. PMID- 44403 TI - Coding levels in visual recognition. PMID- 44402 TI - [Psychodiagnosis in the assessment of the neurotoxic effects of harmful chemicals]. PMID- 44404 TI - [Methodological approaches and results in the analysis of the overlap between primary and secondary sequelae to brain damage]. PMID- 44405 TI - [Event-related appearance of alpha-wave groups in the EEG during solution of periodically projected arithmetic tasks]. PMID- 44406 TI - [Treatment of pain of predominantly rheumatic origin]. PMID- 44407 TI - [First medical measures in psychiatric emergencies]. PMID- 44409 TI - [Therapy of functional sex disorders]. PMID- 44408 TI - [The value of drug therapy in coronary disease]. PMID- 44410 TI - The pH of varicose ulcer surfaces and its relationship to healing. PMID- 44411 TI - An objective evaluation of premedicants: the effect of medazepam on adrenocortical function in the preoperative state. PMID- 44412 TI - Cassava fermentation pools as major breeding foci for culicine mosquitoes in Nsukka Nigeria. PMID- 44413 TI - Production of L-asparaginase by Streptomyces karnatakensis and Streptomyces venezuelae. AB - Production of L-asparaginase by two soil isolates, identified as S. karnatakensis and S. venezuelae, was investigated under different environmental and nutritional conditions. The presence of carbon sources, other than starch, in the growth medium or amino acids, other than L-asparagine-inhibited the enzyme biosynthesis. L-aspartic inhibited growth and enzyme production, due to a feedback mechanism, and/or lowering the pH value. Both organisms were stimulated to produce more enzyme with increasing concentrations of starch and L-asparagine, however, the optimum starch and L-asparagine concentration depended on the tolerance of the organism to low and high pH, respectively. Aeration stimulated growth, but not enzyme production, and both organisms produced more enzyme in static cultures than in shaken cultures. PMID- 44414 TI - The characterization of cellulase from Paecilomyces fusisporus Saksena. AB - The fractionation of cellulase from Paecilomyces fusisporus Saksena on DEAE Sephadex (A-5O) resulted in separation of beta-glucosidase, cellulase (on cellulose powder), and CM cellulase activity. Cellulase activity was associated with some CM cellulase activity, whereas the latter was independent of the former. PMID- 44415 TI - Cellulolytic activity of some Pythium species. AB - The cellulolytic activity of Pythium ultimum and P. oligandrum was investigated in vitro during the mycelium growth. It was found that under a constant temperature of 24 degrees C the cellulolytic activity was changed according to the pH of the medium. The optimum of cellulolytic activity in P. ultimum was recorded at neutral pH, whereas that in P. oligandrum in acid medium. The enzymatic production depended on the age of culture as well. PMID- 44416 TI - Steps of thiosulfate oxidation by Thiobacillus thioparus and Th. coproliticus. AB - Chromatographic analysis was used for studying steps of thiosulfate oxidation by Thiobacillus thioparus and Th. coproliticus strains, isolated from Egyptian soil. Th. thioparus strains oxidized S2O3 to SO4 with the formation of polythionates, tetrathionate in particular, during the course of oxidation. However, strains differed in other polythionates formed. Th. coproliticus, in turn, oxidized S2O3 to SO4 without polythionate formation. However, H2S was the only intermediate compound detected during oxidation. PMID- 44417 TI - [Hydrotherapy pools, microbiological and chemical results (author's transl)]. AB - The results of microbiological and chemical examinations of water samples collected from hydrotherapy pools for non incontinent patients proved that the officially agreed parameters for the surveillance of public swimming pools (Osterr. Baderhygiene-Gesetz and Verordnung) have to be extended to meet the requirements of epidemiology. Similarly the requirements for treatment and operating conditions of those waters should be more rigorous. Minimal requirements for the treatment of water in hydrotherapy pools are recommended. The results of the study indicated also that the microbicide action of chlorine (chlorine gas, hypochlorite solution) was superior to those of DIHALO (chlorine bromine-hydantoine). Suggestions are made for proper handling of waters which would lose their therapeutical potencies by any kind of treatment. PMID- 44418 TI - Studies on the activity of rumen protozoa. I. Role of ammonium ions and free amino acids in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism in rumen protozoa. PMID- 44420 TI - [Symposium on cardiovascular therapeutics (author's transl)]. PMID- 44419 TI - NADPH production in the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway as source of reducing equivalents in glycolysis of human red cells in vitro. AB - Studies have been carried out on human erythrocytes in vitro to clarify the deficit of pyruvate formation under conditions when 2,3 DPG is degraded. The results lead to the conclusion that there exist a cross connection between the glycolytic and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway which is mediated by the NADP/NADPH couple. NADPH serves as additional reducing equivalent in the reaction of the LDH. In the absence of glucose the pool of the metabolites of the pentose phosphate pathway is able to supply glucose-6-phosphate for the production of NADPH by recombination. The reaction of NADPH at the LDH is probably of significance under in vivo conditions. PMID- 44421 TI - Absolute configuration of potentially neuroleptic rigid spiro amines. A study on the topography of the neuroleptic receptor. PMID- 44422 TI - Hydrolysis of procaine in liposomal suspension. PMID- 44423 TI - Influence of the temperature on the MDH activity of cytosol and submitochondrial fractions of rat liver in different buffers. AB - The temperature optimum and the temperature stability of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in cytosol and submitochondrial fractions (matrix and inner membranes) in the buffers: Tris-HCl, potassium-phosphate and HEPEC-NaOH at pH 7.5, are determined. The temperature optimum of MDH (EC 1.1.1.37) in cytosol does not depend on the type of the buffer used, unlike the optimum in mitochondrial preparations. The mitochondrial enzyme is less resistant to temperature compared to the cytosol preparation. The effect of all three buffers used on the native and on the temperature-changed enzyme in the preparations in preserved the same. However, the presence of the buffer during the temperature action on the MDH activity in the preparations changes the temperature stability of the enzyme. Changes are assumed in the conformation of the mitochondrial enzyme under the effect of phosphate ions, leading to activation of the native enzyme and to a rise in its temperature stability. PMID- 44424 TI - [Pharmacological factors and the mechanisms of regulation of water-electrolyte balance]. PMID- 44425 TI - Quantitative changes in regional cerebral blood flow of rats induced by alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulants. AB - Cerebral blood flow was measured with the 14C-ethanol technique in 8 regions (frontal, parieto-temporal and occipital cortex, caudate nucleus, thalamus, cerebellum, mesencephalon, and pons) of rats. The highest flow values (83-89.5 ml/100 g/min) were found in cortical areas, whereas pons had the lowest flow (48 ml/100 g/min). Intravenous infusion of noradrenaline or adrenaline markedly reduced rCBF (by 22-48% of control levels) in all regions except thalamus, mesencephalon, and pons. The noradrenaline-induced reduction was blocked, and the effect of adrenaline reversed, after pretreatment with the alpha-receptor antagonist, phentolamine. Isoprenaline infusion markedly augmented rCBF in thalamus, mesencephalon, pons, and also in the caudate nucleus. The response was reduced by the beta-receptor antagonist, propranolol. The experiments show the presence and heterogenous distribution in the cerebrovascular bed of slpha- and beta-adrenoceptors that can be activated by sympathomimetics given systematically. If noradrenaline was allowed to pass the blood-brain barrier after osmotic opening with urea, an increased regional flow was obtained, probably due to a mechanism where the vasodilator effect secondary to activation of cerebral metabolism predominated over the direct vasoconstrictor effect of the amine. PMID- 44426 TI - The effect of propranolol on the serotonin concentration in the portal plasma after vagal nerve stimulation in the cat. AB - Efferent cervical vagal nerve stimulation in the cat caused a marked increase of the portal plasma 5-HT concentration. This increase was more than two-fold within 15 min of stimulation. After cessation of stimulation portal plasma 5-HT returned to basal levels within 10 min. Treatment with the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol, in various doses (0.1-2 mg/kg b.wt.), did not abolish but significantly reduced the response to vagal stimulation, particularly during the final part of the stimulation period. The results confirm the existence of a beta adrenoceptor-mediated release of 5-HT, but also suggest that other mechanisms for 5-HT release may be involved in the response on vagal nerve stimulation. PMID- 44427 TI - On the nature of basal vascular tone in cat skeletal muscle and its dependence on transmural pressure stimuli. AB - The aim of the present study was to elucidate in some detail the characteristics of the intrinsic basal vascular tone in the adrenergically blocked skeletal muscle with regard to its extent and site along the vascular bed, its dependence on arterial pressure via static and dynamic transmural pressure stimuli, and its sensitivity to local metabolic influence. Basal tone, which apparently is of myogenic nature, was pronounced in 'proximal arterial vessels' (greater than 25 mmicrometer i.d.) and in the 'microvessels' (less than 25 micrometers), but low in 'large veins'. Its functional characteristics, however, were different in the 'proximal arterial vessels' and the 'microvessels'. Normal basal tone in the 'microvessels' thus seemed to be intimately dependent on the arterial blood pressure level and, at least partly, initiated by its static mean pressure distension effect as well as by its dynamic pulse pressure oscillations. It could be virtually abolished by a transmural pressure decrease applied at fast rate ('strong inhibitory dynamic transmural pressure stimulus'). Basal tone in the 'proximal arterial vessels', on the other hand, was little affected by arterial pressure and almost irresponsive to transmural pressure stimuli. Basal tone in the 'microvessels' was much more sensitive to metabolic stimuli than that in the 'proximal arterial vessels'. The present results, viewed in the light of some recent electrophysiological studies on vascular smooth muscle, suggest that smooth muscle in the 'microvessels' is mainly of the spike-generating type, whereas that in the 'proximal arterial vessels' seems to be of different nature, possibly of the non-spike-generating type. PMID- 44428 TI - B.K. virus haemagglutinin. AB - Among the widely applied buffered media, the HSAG (hepes-salt-albumin-gelatin) medium at pH 5.75--6.25 was found to be the most favourable for B.K. virus haemagglutinin titration. The optimum temperature was at 4 degrees C. The haemagglutinin was not affected by temperatures up to 37 degrees C, pHs between 5.5 and 9.5, and NaCl concentrations between 0.063 M and 2.56 M. When incubated at 56 degrees C, the haemagglutinin shows a time and pH dependent decline in titre. No significant time dependent titre fall occurred at 56 degrees C if NaCl molarity was varied between 1.31 and 2.56. PMID- 44429 TI - A rhabdovirus isolated from carps in Hungary. Experimental infection of carps and resistance of the virus. AB - From carps showing the symptoms of acute infectious dropsy, a virus was isolated for the first time in Hungary. On the basis of physicochemical and serological tests and electron microscopy, the virus was identified as spring viraemia carp virus and assumed to have a primary role in the acute form of infectious dropsy known so far as a bacterial disease. PMID- 44430 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease in children and adolescents. PMID- 44431 TI - Stability of proteins: small globular proteins. PMID- 44432 TI - Acupuncture and gastric acid studies. AB - The effects of therapeutic acupuncture on gastric acid secretion on pain relief in chronic duodenal ulcer patients were studied. Ten adult Nigerian patients with clinical, endoscopic as well as radiological evidence of duodenal ulcer constituted the "Ulcer Group." Four other patients who gave history of dyspepsia formed the "Dyspeptic Group." Pentagastrin stimulation test was performed on all subjects pre- and post-acupuncture therapy. The classical Chinese acupuncture loci were employed. The mean Basal Acid Output (BAO) in the duodenal ulcer group was markedly reduced from 4.04 +/- 1.01 mMols/hour to 1.05 +/- 2.5 mMols/hour. The mean Maximal Acid Output (MAO) was lowered from 34.72 +/- 13.81 mMols/hour to 15.34 +/- 4.01 mMols/hour. The difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). It is more probable, therefore, that the relief of pain is attributable to the therapeutic inhibition of gastric hyperacidity in our patients. Thus, though pain relief has been previously demonstrated in response to acupuncture, the results of this investigation have gone further to show that acupunture achieves symptomatic relief through therapeutic gastric depression in duodenal ulcer patients. PMID- 44433 TI - A sensitive fluorimetric assay for gamma-glutamyl transferase. PMID- 44434 TI - Preparative high-performance liquid partition chromatography of proteins. PMID- 44435 TI - Molecular weight estimation of proteins by electrophoresis in linear polyacrylamide gradient gels in the absence of denaturing agents. PMID- 44436 TI - Fluorometric quantitation of amino sugars in the picomole range. PMID- 44437 TI - Mitogenic and inhibitory effects of carrier ampholytes on quiescent and stimulated human diploid lung fibroblasts. PMID- 44438 TI - Reduction of sulfoxides in peptides and proteins. PMID- 44439 TI - Prediction of the electrophoretic mobilities of nucleotides on neutral paper. PMID- 44440 TI - Newer neurotransmitters in pain control. PMID- 44441 TI - [New aspects of antihypertensive therapy]. PMID- 44442 TI - [Comparaison, in the mouse, of two treatments for alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Inhibition of oxo tremorine-induced tremor, sedative and motor effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 44443 TI - Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum in grass. AB - Investigations on farms where botulism has occurred in cows showed that proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B was present in newly made grass silages. Experiments were undertaken to study growth and toxin production of C. botulinum in grass. Of the strains tested only proteolytic strains of C. botulinum types A and B were able to produce toxin with grass as a substrate. Proteolytic strains of type B produced both medium (12S) and large (16S) toxin forms. The minimal water activity (aw) for toxin production at pH 6.5 and 5.8 was 0.94. At pH 5.3, toxin was produced at an aw of 0.985. These results indicate that proteolytic strains of C. botulinum (if present) may multiply and produce toxin in wilted grass silages. PMID- 44444 TI - Heat inactivation of Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex organisms in aqueous suspension. AB - Isolants from swine and from humans representing serotypes 1, 2, 4, 8, and 10 of the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare complex were compared for heat tolerance in aqueous suspension. The most heat-resistant isolant found was a serovar 10 isolated from a human. This isolant was examined further to determine the rate of kill at various temperatures and pH's, the effect of meat protein and fat, and the effect of nitrite. Kill rates were not significant at 60 degrees C or below. Decimal reduction values were 4 min or less at 65 degrees C and 1.5 min or less at 70 degrees C. Kill rates were slightly higher at pH values of 6.5 and 7.0 than at 5.5 or 6.0. the water-soluble fraction of wiener emulsion did not alter kill rates, but the saline-soluble fraction protected the organism somewhat. Fat did not affect the survival of the organisms except to eliminate the protective effect of saline extract when the suspension contained 50% fat. The addition of sodium nitrite to the suspension did not alter the heat sensitivity of the organisms. PMID- 44445 TI - Effect of processing variables on the outgrowth of Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 spores in comminuted meat cured with sorbic acid and sodium nitrite. AB - The effects of the initial pH and a "short pump" on the outgrowth of Clostridium sporogenes PA 3679 spores in comminuted cured pork were studied. Fresh ground pork was cured with salt, sugar, phosphate, ascorbate, and varying amounts of sodium nitrite and sorbic acid. The product was comminuted and inoculated with 1,000 spores of C. sporogenes per g. The meat was stuffed into 1-ounce (ca. 28.4 g) aluminum tubes, cooked to 58.5 degrees C, cooled, and incubated at 27 degrees C to observe for swells. Product cured with 0.2% sorbic acid in combination with 40 ppm sodium nitrite (40 microgram/g) had better clostridium inhibition than did product cured with 120 ppm nitrite within a pH range of 5.0 to 6.7. The sorbic acid-40 ppm nitrite combination also gave better clostridial protection than did the 120 ppm nitrite alone when reduced amounts of curing ingredients were present. PMID- 44446 TI - N-demethylation of lergotrile by Streptomyces platensis. AB - Thirty-eight microorganisms were screened for their ability to produce metabolites of the semisynthetic alkaloid, lergotrile. A total of five microorganisms were found to biotransform lergotrile, and N-desmethyl lergotrile was detected as the principal metabolite with most organisms. Streptomyces platensis (NRRL 2364) appeared to form the metabolite in highest yield, and a preparative-scale conversion was accomplished with a recovered yield of 50%. Structure proof was accomplished with comparative thin-layer chromatography, mixed melting point, mass spectrometry, and remethylation to lergotrile. PMID- 44447 TI - Viral aggregation: mixed suspensions of poliovirus and reovirus. AB - The aggregation of mixtures of two dissimilar viruses, poliovirus I (Mahoney) and reovirus III (Dearing), was followed by electron microscopy under conditions known to induce either aggregation or dispersion of each virus separately. Neither virus aggregated at pH 7 in an appropriate buffer, and no mixed aggregates were formed. Under conditions of lowered ionic strength (by dilution into distilled water) poliovirus became aggregated, whereas reovirus did not, and again no mixed aggregates were formed. At pH 6, however, poliovirus again aggregated and, although reovirus did not, it attached to poliovirus aggregates. Thus, some inducement toward aggregation was necessary to cause formation of mixed aggregates. This inducement probably took the form of a reduction of the ionic double layer surrounding the particles, which is known to occur at low pH. At pH 5 and below both viruses aggregated severely, and large mixed aggregates were formed. These mixed aggregates could be broken up by neutralization of the suspension, although small aggregates of poliovirus remained. Reovirus showed a marked tendency to attach to large clumps of poliovirus, but the reverse tendency was not observed. The results indicate that mixed aggregates may be of significance in the isolation of viruses from water or wastewater. PMID- 44448 TI - Metabolism of L-beta-lysine in a Pseudomonas: conversion of 6-N-acetyl-L-beta lysine to 3-keto-6-acetamidohexanoate and of 4-aminobutyrate to succinic semialdehyde by different transaminases. PMID- 44449 TI - Differential effects of detergents upon the soluble and particulate guanylate cyclases from rat lung. PMID- 44450 TI - Fatty acid activation of guanylate cyclase from fibroblasts and liver. PMID- 44452 TI - [4th annual meeting of the Sociedad Genetica de Chile, 2, 3, 4 October 1978, Valdivia, Chile]. PMID- 44451 TI - Essential arginine residues in human liver arylsulfatase A. PMID- 44453 TI - [Sociedad de Bioquimica de Chile, 3d annual meeting. Pan-American Association of Biochemical Societies, 2d southern regional meeting. Abstracts]. PMID- 44454 TI - A further study on antihypertensive action of beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents in conscious, renal hypertensive dogs. AB - Experiments were carried out on 7 conscious, renal hypertensive dogs with 7 beta adrenoceptor blocking agents (atenolol, bunitrolol, bunolol, carteolol, nadolol, sotalol and timolol). Three main conclusions may be made from this study: (1) the stronger the beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity the stronger the antihypertensive action; (2) for the antihypertensive action, very strong beta adrenoceptor blocking activity was needed; (3) d-carteolol, unlike dl-carteolol, had no antihypertensive effect. Thus, the beta-adrenoceptor blocking action per se is a prerequisite for the antihypertensive effect of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents. PMID- 44455 TI - An in vivo model for investigating alpha 1- and alpha 2-receptors in the CNS: studies with mianserin. AB - Locomotor activity in rats was reduced by intracisternal (i.cis.) injection of the selective alpha 2-agonist clonidine and increased by the i.cis. administration of the selective alpha 1-agonists phenylephrine and methoxamine. These responses to i.cis. administered clonidine, phenylephrine and methoxamine were examined in rats pretreated subcutaneously (s.c.) with various alpha adrenoceptor antagonists believed to exhibit preference for alpha 2- or alpha 1 receptors in peripheral tissues. At a dose that eliminated the locomotor depressant effect of clonidine, the alpha 2 -antagonist yohimbine did not antagonize the locomotor stimulant effects of phenylephrine and methoxamine. Similar results were obtained in animals pretreated with another alpha 2 antagonist piperoxane. The alpha 1-antagonist prazosin abolished the increase in motor activity elicited by phenylephrine and methoxamine, but at the same dose prazosin did not offset the decrease in motor activity caused by clonidine. The alpha 1-antagonist azapetine, at a dose that inhibited the increase in motor activity elicited by phenylephrine, was without effect on the decrease in activity produced by clonidine. These findings indicate that the locomotor responses to the alpha 2-agonist clonidine and the alpha 1-agonist phenylephrine (or methoxamine) can be used for determining whether or not a particular substance acts in vivo as a selective antagonist for alpha 1- or alpha 2 receptors in the CNS. In rats pretreated s.c. with 13.5 mg/kg of mianserin, the locomotor depressant effect of clonidine and stimulant action of phenylephrine were unchanged. At 27 mg/kg s.c., mianserin antagonized the responses to both clonidine and phenylephrine. Therefore, in this in vivo model system, mianserin given systemically did not display any appreciable selectivity for blocking alpha 1- or alpha 2-receptors in the CNS. PMID- 44456 TI - Potentiation by D-penicillamine and other sulfhydryl agents of the vascular response to histamine in the anaesthetized dog. AB - D-penicillamine (80 mg/kg) potentiates the fall in blood pressure produced by an i.v. injection of histamine in the anaesthetized dog but is inactive on the effects of acetylcholine and prostaglandin E1. Other sulfhydryl agents (alpha thioglycerol, 2-mercaptoethanol, 2,3-dimercapto-l-propanol, DL-cysteine, glutathione, diethyldithiocarbamate) can similarly modify the effects of histamine on blood pressure but two metal complexing agents (CaNa2 EDTA and orthophenantroline) are inactive. After pretreatment with indomethacin (10 mg/kg) or cimetidine (0.5 mg/kg/min) D-penicillamine still increases the effect of histamine but not after pretreatment with pyrilamine maleate (1 mg/kg). Moreover D-penicillamine does not modify the blood pressure drop due to dimaprit but increases that to 2-(2-pyridyl) ethylamine. It is concluded that D-penicillamine and some other sulfhydryl agents can increase the blood pressure lowering effects of histamine at the level of vascular H1-receptors by a sensitizing mechanism which might involve the rupture of a disulfide bridge. PMID- 44457 TI - Penile erection induced by apomorphine and N-n-propyl-norapomorphine in rats. AB - The intraperitoneal injection of apomorphine (APO) or N-n-propyl-norapomorphine (NPA) to adult male rats markedly increases the incidence of episodes of penile erection (PE). The effect is dose related for a dose range of APO from 25 to 500 microgram kg-1 and NPA from 1.25 to 50 microgram kg-1. Higher doses are progressively less effective until 1 and 5 mg kg-1 of APO and NPA, respectively, suppress even the natural occurrence of PE. APO differs from NPA not only on a potency basis but also in that doses of APO which elicit stereotypy no longer evoke PE, while a wide range of doses of NPA (12.5 to 500 microgram kg-1) produces simultaneously strong PE activation and stereotypy. The sexual stimulant response to APO and NPA is prevented by haloperidol (0.3 mg kg-1) and sulpiride (50 mg kg-1) but is not affected by domperidone (3 mg kg-1), an inhibitor of extracerebral dopamine receptors. PMID- 44458 TI - Microbial oxidation of methane and methanol: purification and properties of a heme-containing aldehyde dehydrogenase from Methylomonas methylovora. AB - Procedures for the purification of an aldehyde dehydrogenase from extracts of the obligate methylotroph, Methylomonas methylovora are described. The purified enzyme is homogeneous as judged from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the presence of an artificial electron acceptor (phenazine methosulfate), the purified enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of straight chain aldehydes (C1--C10 tested), aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde), glyoxylate, and glyceraldehyde. Biological electron acceptors such as NAD+, NADP+, FAD, FMN, pyridoxal phosphate, and cytochrome c cannot act as electron carriers. The activity of the enzyme is inhibited by sulfhydryl agents [p chloromercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide and 5,5-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid)], cuprous chloride, and ferrour nitrate. The molecular weight of the enzyme as estimated by gel filtration is approximately 45000 and the subunit size determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis is approximately 23000. The purified enzyme is light brown and has an absorption peak at 410 nm. Reduction of enzyme with sodium dithionite or aldehyde substrate resulted in the appearance of peaks at 523 nm and 552nm. These results suggest that the enzyme is a hemoprotein. There was no evidence that flavins were present as prosthetic group. The amino acid composition of the enzyme is also presented. PMID- 44459 TI - Juxtaposition of somatostatin cell and parietal cell in the dog stomach. AB - Immunohistochemical and silver impregnation techniques were applied to demonstrate the somatostatin producing D cells in the dog gastric body (oxyntic area). It was revealed that the D cells were frequently in direct contact with parietal cells, either by their cell body invaginated into or crescently attached to a parietal cell or by extending a cytoplasmic process ending in a synaptic button-like swelling. Some D cells and their processes appeared to contact chief cells. This morphological finding is correlated to the hypothesis that the D cells might receive an unknown stimulus, possible a mechanical extension of the gastric wall, and by its secretion, somatostatin, inhibit the release of gastric acid and enzymes. The direct juxtaposition and synapse-like connection of D and parietal cells seem to symbolize the continuity of neurons and endocrine cells (paraneurons) as well as neurotransmitters and hormones. PMID- 44460 TI - [Ether derivatives of 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, II: synthesis and pharmacological investigation of n-substituted derivatives of 1-cycloalkyloxy-3-amino-2-propanols (author's transl)]. PMID- 44461 TI - [Synthesis and pharmacological investigation of ether derivatives of 3-amino-1,2, propanediol, I]. PMID- 44462 TI - [Therapy of extrapyramidal motor disturbances by tiaprid (author's transl)]. AB - In animal experiments Costall and Naylor (1977) showed that Tiaprid, a benzamide derivative of the orthopamids, inhibits dopamine receptors in the caudate nucleus and putamen but not in the mesolimbic system. Involuntary movements in patients with extrapyramidal movement disorders were reduced by 300 mg daily. Good results were obtained in 56% of 93 patients (25 in this study and 68 from the literature). On the whole the efficacy of Tiaprid seems far better than that of neuroleptics, and side effects are definitely fewer. PMID- 44463 TI - Structural elements in adenovirus cores. Evidence for a "core shell" and linear structures in "relaxed" cores. AB - "Freeze-fracture negative staining" of adenovirus type 5 revealed the virus cores as internal bodies with a fine granular surface which at high magnification shows reticular and ring-like patterns. This indicates that the virus protein V forms a thin surface layer for which a name "core shell" is proposed. Virus cores prepared by heating virus particles in sodium deoxycholate (DOC) relaxed into curved filaments or several rods by means of EGTA and high salt, respectively. High pH treatment had similar effects as high salt. Rod-like elements were also observed in ultrathin sections of the "DOC-cores". Fresh cores exhibited circular dichroism (C.D.) with similar features as described for nucleosomes (COWMAN and FASMAN, ref. 5). This indicates that the DNA has an orderly arrangement in the cores. EGTA had no effect on C.D. spectra but high salt treatment abolished the positive peak in 10 minutes. It is concluded that the adenovirus nucleocapsid is a linear structure, presumably a 120-150 Angstrom thick filament folded 5 to 6 times into "rods" as previously observed by freeze-fracturing. PMID- 44465 TI - Chemotherapeutic effect of zinc on streptococcus mutans and rat dental caries. PMID- 44464 TI - Bunyavirus development in arctic and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes as revealed by glucose oxidase staining and immunofluorescence. AB - Northway virus replication has been detected in salivary glands of wild-caught Culiseta inornata and Aedes communis mosquitoes from the western Canadian Arctic after incubation at 4 degrees C for 9 to 11 months, and after incubation at 13 degrees C for 3 to 4 months after they received virus by oral ingestion or intrathoracic injection. Aedes hexodontus supported Northway virus replication after incubation at 13 degrees C for one month after intrathoracic injection. Aedes aegypti supported Northway virus replication after incubation at 13 degrees C or 23 degrees C for 6 to 28 days following intrathoracic injection. A larval isolate of California encephalitis virus (snowshoe hare subtype) multiplied in all 3 species of arctic mosquito after incubation at 13 degrees C for 1 to 3 months after virus was administered by oral ingestion or intrathoracic injection. Virus was detected in salivary glands of Cs. inornata after 329 days incubation at 4 degrees C after intrathoracic injection. Bunyavirus antigens in salivary glands of arctic and domestic mosquitoes were detected by the glucose oxidase immunoenzyme technique somewhat less frequently than by assay for virus infectivity. PMID- 44466 TI - Enzyme histochemistry of induced heterotropic bone formation in guinea-pigs. PMID- 44467 TI - Binding of fluorine-18 by the oral bacterium, Streptococcus mutans. PMID- 44468 TI - [Cetiedil and the uterine musculature]. PMID- 44470 TI - Nicafenine, a new analgesic. I. Synthesis and physicochemical properties. AB - The synthesis of 2-[(7-chloro-4-quinolyl)-amino] benzoic acid 3-pyridine carboxamide-N-ethyl ester (nicafenine) was carried out by a new method using isatoic anhydride. The IR, NMR, MS and UV spectrophotometric studies are described, together with the characteristics of this compound. PMID- 44469 TI - Vascular effects of etilefrine. Further studies to substantiate the predominant indirect sympathomimetic action of this agent. AB - The suggested use of etilefrine in the treatment of patients with orthostatic hypotension is based on the premise that it has an action similar to that of noradrenaline (Miller, Wiener and Bloomfield, 1973). However, earlier work from this laboratory (Frost, Frewin and Gerke, 1977; Frost, Frewin, Gerke and Downey, 1978; Frost, Halloran, Frewin, Gerke and Downey, 1978) on blood vessels in the rat tail has suggested that the drug acts predominantly as an indirect sympathomimetic agent. The present study examined the action of etilefrine on the central artery of the rabbit ear. This vessel is known to have a rich sympathetic innervation (de la Lande, Frewin and Waterson, 1967) and has the added advantage that it can be surgically denervated. It therefore became possible to examine the effects of etilefrine on both normal and denervated arteries and to quantitate the extent to which the drug relied on the symphathetic nerves for its vasoconstrictor effects. PMID- 44471 TI - Sucralfate, a basic aluminum salt of sucrose sulfate. I. Behaviors in gastroduodenal pH. PMID- 44472 TI - Interaction of DL-, D- and L-propranolol with the transport system of glucose in human erythrocytes. AB - The effect of D-, L- and DL-propranolol on the glucose uptake in human erythrocytes was studied. It was observed that all three compounds competitively inhibit the glucose transport and have identical inhibition constants. The pH dependence of the inhibition constant indicates that uncharged propranolol is a more potent inhibitor than the charged one. The thermodynamic parameters of the interaction of propranolol with the glucose transport system were determined and discussed. PMID- 44473 TI - Studies on absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of bunitrolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, in rats and mice. PMID- 44475 TI - Thermostable aminopeptidase from local isolate of Bacillus stearothermophilus. AB - Two of 63 isolates from different sources were very active in producing thermostable aminopeptidase. Comparing the two isolates, RR-2247 gave the highest enzyme activity and was identified as Bacillus stearothermophilus. The enzyme was isolated from the cells by a sonic vibration for 3 minutes at 20 KC/S. The enzyme shows optimum activity over the pH range of 7.5-8.0 at 65 degrees C. The apparent temperature optimum was about 70 degrees C. Addition of 0.0001 M Co2+ ions stabilized the enzyme in solution for 60 minutes at 80 degrees C. The heat of the reaction (delta E) was calculated to be +10,600 cal/mole. The standard entropy change (delta S) and the standard free energy change (delta G) were + 22.9 cal/mole/degree and -341 cal/mole at 50 degrees C. Amino acids composition and infra-red spectrum of the enzyme were also studied. PMID- 44474 TI - [Studies on lytic enzyme activities of bacteria and streptomycetes against Candida guilliermondii after partial purification with ammonium sulfate from shaking- and fermentation cultures (author's transl)]. AB - Two bacteria and two streptomycetes strains, capable to degrade cell walls of Candida guilliermondii, were isolated from soils. Growth and enzyme production of these strains were investigated on synthetic and complex media in shaking culture and under fermentation conditions. The isolated microorganisms possessed lytic enzyme activities against living and autoclaved yeast cells. The lytic enzyme complex of the culture medium of microorganisms was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation. After this purification step the lytic enzyme activity of the bacteria was higher that of the streptomycetes towards the control. The lytic enzyme activity of the bacteria was thermostable (30 min, 80 degrees C), that of streptomycetes thermolable (inactive - greater than 40 degrees C). The pH-optimum of the bacteria enzymes was in the range of 5.0-7.5, that of the streptomycetes 5.0-8.5. PMID- 44476 TI - [The pneumococal vaccine in children]. PMID- 44477 TI - Effect of Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase on viability and antigenicity of human leukemic myeloblasts. AB - The effect of increasing concentrations of Cl. Perfringens neuraminidase and of pH on the dye exclusion ability and lymphocyte stimulating capacity of leukemic myeloblasts was studied. The higher the neuraminidase concentration, or the lower the pH was, the more myeloblasts died and the less the myeloblasts stimulated lymphocytes. Myeloblasts treated at a neutral pH and at low enzyme concentrations retained, but did not increase their antigenicity. PMID- 44478 TI - [Studies on the dissolution test of drugs. III. Acid hydrolysis of digitoxin (author's transl)]. PMID- 44479 TI - [Densitometric determination of emetine in Opium Ipecac Powder on the thin-layer plate (author's transl)]. PMID- 44480 TI - [Character of water quality of the inner moats around the Imperial Palace (author's transl)]. PMID- 44481 TI - [Biochemical studies of chemically induced renal damage. II) Changes or urinary enzyme activities induced by indomethacin and phenylbutazone (author's transl)]. PMID- 44482 TI - [Identification of emetine in Opium Ipecac Powder (author's transl)]. PMID- 44484 TI - [A look back at 1979 and the view of the future]. PMID- 44483 TI - Prostaglandins as possible triggers for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. A review. PMID- 44485 TI - [Immunology in pregnancy and gynecology. A selection of reports presented at the national scientific conference of the Czechoslovak society of gynecologists and obstetricians in Prague on November 23 and 24, 1978]. PMID- 44487 TI - [Medical journals in the French language. Colloquium, 2-3 November 1978]. PMID- 44486 TI - Studies on dissolution tests of solid dosage forms. IV. Relation of absorption sites of sulfonamides administered orally in solid dosage form to their solubilities and dissolution rates. PMID- 44488 TI - Variations in the virulence of Plasmodium gallinaceum for avian embryos after repeated passages in mosquitos and chickens. AB - Inoculation of 1 x 10(6) parasites of Plasmodium gallinaceum from chicks infected with sporozoites into 10-day chicken embryos produced infections with wide ranges of peak parasitaemia. It is thought that these variations reflect alterations in the genetic moiety of the parasites after recombinations occurring during the sexual cycle in different batches of mosquitos. PMID- 44489 TI - NMRI/USAID/WHO Workshop on the Immunology of Malaria, 2-5 October 1978, Bethesda. PMID- 44490 TI - [Clinical aspects of gut hormone-producing tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 44491 TI - Effects of work and acute beta-receptor blockade on myocardial noradrenaline release in congestive cardiomyopathy. AB - Systemic hemodynamic changes and noradrenaline concentrations in coronary sinus blood were studied at rest and during work before and after acute beta-receptor blockade. Patients with congestive cardiomyopathy were compared to patients with primary valvular diseases and to healthy subjects. Noradrenaline concentrations were higher in coronary sinus blood than in arterial blood and increased after beta blockade and during work. Noradrenaline concentrations were more increased in patients with more pronounced myocardial failure and did not seem to separate patients with congestive cardiomyopathy from those with valvular disease. Patients with congestive cardiomyopathy showed a good hemodynamic tolerance toward acute beta blockade. PMID- 44492 TI - [Endocrine rehabilitation of the pancreatectomized patient]. PMID- 44493 TI - [Detoxication of heroin addicts in the area of Genoa]. PMID- 44494 TI - [Study of fetal alveolar surfactant: possibility of induction]. PMID- 44495 TI - [A case of intrahepatic cholestasis during treatment with ajmaline]. PMID- 44496 TI - Effect of cholesterol-rich diet on the content of nicotinamide nucleotides, adenine nucleotides and acetyl-CoA in the liver, the vascular wall and the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). AB - The liver content of NAD and of adenylic nucleotides of normally fed spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) is lower than in normotensive rats. The cholesterol-rich diet does not change the liver NAD level. However it decreases adenine nucleotides and increases the level of acetyl-CoA and of NADP. Normal refeeding after a long-term cholesterol-rich diet induces an increase in the low levels of the coenzymes (moth NAD and adenine nucleotides). The liver coenzyme changes caused by the cholesterol-rich diet and by the normal refeeding of SHR are opposite to those established in normotensive rats. Vascular wall nicotinamide coenzymes in SHR are lower than in ulistar rats. The vascular wall of SHR reacts to the cholesterol-rich diet by a rise in NAD, i.e. conversely to the reaction observed in the liver of SHR and vascular wall of normotensive rats. Normal refeeding induces a further increase in the content of coenzymes. These results show that the effect of cholesterol-rich diet on the coenzyme content in the SHR is opposite to that in normotensive rats. The renal redox-system NAD+-NAD H is more sensitive to the cholesterol-rich diet than the liver one, and its coenzyme changes indicate a greater reduction state, a reaction pattern which is typical for renal hypoxia. The results suggest that the cholesterol-rich diet influences the metabolism of the liver, the kidney and the vascular wall in a different way and to a different degree. SHR have a specific type of reaction to this cholesterol-rich diet. PMID- 44497 TI - [Thyrotoxicosis masked by beta-blockade]. PMID- 44498 TI - Therapy and prevention of infections in cancer patients. Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Lausanne, Belgium, April 7, 1978. PMID- 44499 TI - Pedodontic emergencies. PMID- 44500 TI - [The immunoreactive-GIF concentrations in various fetal tissues measured by two different RIA systems (author's transl)]. PMID- 44501 TI - Test methods for the quality control of plasma proteins. Proceedings of a symposium organized by the International Association of Biological Standardization and held at Villars-sur-Ollon, Switzerland 3-5 April 1979. PMID- 44502 TI - The influence of environment on the oral flora of Shangaan mineworkers. PMID- 44503 TI - Enamel solubility reduction by commercial mouthrinses containing 0.05% NaF. PMID- 44504 TI - [Double-blind evaluation of a benzodiazepine compound (lorazepam) as premedication in upper digestive endoscopy]. PMID- 44505 TI - [Venezuelan Society of Gastroenterology. 25th annual meeting. Abstracts of papers. Puerto la Cruz - 1978]. PMID- 44506 TI - Modern trends in human leukemia III. Newest results in clinical and biological research. 9th scientific meeting of "Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Arzte" together with the "deutsche Gesellschaft fur Hamatologie" Wilsede, June 19 23, 1978. PMID- 44507 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia: current status and future directions. AB - Bone marrow transplantation is an experimental approach to the treatment of patients with acute leukemia, aplastic anemia, and other neoplastic and genetic diseases. To date, long-term disease-free survival has been achieved in a small proportion of carefully selected patients with resistant acute leukemia. While results are not optimal, they are acceptable in late stage patients where there are no effective alterates. Major problems in marrow transplantation for leukemia include tumor resistance and a spectrum of immunologic complications including GVHD, immunodeficiency, and interstitial pneumonitis. Potential approaches to these problems have been suggested. Progress in any one area would have a substantial impact on improving survival and extending the applicability of marrow transplantation to patients at an earlier stage of their disease. PMID- 44508 TI - Effect of parasympathetic and beta-adrenergic blockade on the umbilical circulation in the unanesthetized fetal sheep. AB - Parasympathetic and beta-adrenergic blocking agents were administered to near term chronically instrumented sheep. Parasympathetic blockade resulted in a significant increase in fetal heart rate and fetal arterial blood pressure, with a minimal nonsignificant increase in umbilical blood flow. beta-Adrenergic blockade resulted in a decrease in fetal heart rate and umbilical blood flow, though neither was statistically significant. There was no change in arterial blood pressure. The net result of parasympathetic and beta-adrenergic blockade on fetal heart rate suggests that the intrinsic rate is the same as when these influences are present. PMID- 44509 TI - [Salazopyrin in the prevention of fibrosis in nerve anastomosis]. PMID- 44510 TI - [Comparative study on the depressive action of several benzodiazepine minor tranquilizers (author's transl)]. AB - The potencies of four benzodiazepine minor tranquilizers in depressing respiratory function were investigated in rats and cats anesthetized with pentobarbital. The effect of the drug on respiration was studied in the rat, and the effect on the phrenic nerve activity which reflects the activity of an inspiratory centre was investigated in the cat vagotomized bilaterally at the level of the neck. The change of blood pressure, heart rate and pCO2 in expiration were also recorded simultaneously in experiments with the cat, an infra-red CO2 gas analyzer (Model LB-1, Beckman) was used to measure the pCO2. Respiration in the rat was decreased by the oral administration of diazepam 10, 20 mg/kg or chloridazepoxide 20, 40 mg/kg. Although the pre-administration level of ventilation was not decreased by oxazolam or chloxazolam, both 20, 40 mg/kg, p.o., the level after administration was slightly lower than that after the administration of CMC alone. Diazepam, given intravenously either as a CMC suspension or as the preparation Cercine, in the dose of 0.5 mg/kg, suppressed both the number of the burst discharges and the magnitude of the integrated signal of the discharge of the phrenic nerve of the cat. Chlordiazepoxide 1 mg/kg, i.v. also slightly decreased the magnitude of the integrated signal. Oxazolam 1 mg/kg, i.v. had little effect on the phrenic activity. Cloxazolam 1 mg/kg, i.v., on the other hand, tended to increase the magnitude of the integrated signal but only immediately after the administration. It is suggested that the potencies which depress the respiratory function vary for each minor tranquilizer, namely the ddpressive actions of oxazolan and cloxazolam are weaker than those of diazepam and chloridiazepoxide. PMID- 44511 TI - [Effects of betamethasone 17, 21-dipropionate on activities of glycogen synthase and tyrosine aminotransferase in fetal rat liver in organ culture (author's transl)]. AB - Betamethasone 17, 21-dipropionate (BDP) does not have glycogenic activity and antagonizes cortisol in glycogenesis in fetal rat liver explants. In an attempt to elucidate whether BDP commonly has an antagonistic effect on the glucocorticoid responsive system in fetal rat liver, effects on activities of glycogen synthase and tyrosine aminotransferase were examined. Cortisol increased both total and a activities of glycogen synthase at concentrations above 3 x 10( 8)M. BDP, unlike cortisol, did not increase total synthase activity at 10(-6)M and antagonized cortisol (10(-6)M), but like cortisol, it did increase synthase a activity. Both cortisol and BDP increased tyrosine aminotransferase activity at concentrations above 10(-8)M, BDP did not always act as an antagonist in the glucocorticoid responsive systems in fetal rat liver. PMID- 44512 TI - Mineralization/demineralization of bovine urinary stones in vitro. PMID- 44513 TI - Antibacterial activity of human urine. PMID- 44514 TI - Effect of centazolone on biogenic amine levels in rat brain & liver. PMID- 44515 TI - Effect of histamine & Albizzia lebbek Benth. on guineapig adrenal glands. PMID- 44516 TI - Comparison of sputum counterimmunoelectrophoresis and culture in diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. AB - The diagnostic value of counterimmunoelectrophoresis performed on sputum was compared with that of sputum culture. The detection of pneumococcal polysaccharide in sputum showed a better correlation with the presence of pneumococcal pneumonia than the recovery of pneumococci by culture. The authors conclude that sputum counterimmunoelectrophoresis can provide diagnostic guidance to physicians awaiting the results of sputum culture and aid in the interpretation of cultural findings. PMID- 44518 TI - Traumatic injury and endodontics. PMID- 44517 TI - Regulation of melanin production by Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - Species of Filobasidiella, the agents of cryptococcosis, produced melanin-like pigments within 4 to 48 h with diphenol, aminophenol, and diaminobenzene compounds as substrates. The rate of phenyloxidase activity was found to be regulated by glucose and nitrogen catabolite repression. Increased glucose concentration reduced pigmentation of all serotypes of Filobasidiella, whereas repression by nitrogen sources varied with the strain. Glutamine repressed the phenyloxidases of all isolates except those of serotype B, and (NH4)2SO4 repressed the phenyloxidase of all isolates except that of serotype A. Tyrosine and glycine appeared to be near optimal for phenyloxidase activity but not necessarily for growth of all strain examined. Representatives of serotype C were unique in that their phenyloxidase system was adpative in contrast to the constitutive system found in the other serotypes. No single medium was found to support pigmentation of all strains of Cryptococcus neoformans within a 72-h incubation period; false-negative reactions can occur. PMID- 44519 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at the 52nd General Meeting of the Japanese Biochemical Society (author's transl)]. PMID- 44520 TI - [The 52nd Congress of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (I). Abstracts]. PMID- 44522 TI - [Proceedings of the 76th annual scientific session of the Japanese Society of Internal Medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 44521 TI - [The 17th Congress of the Japan Society for Cancer Therapy. Abstracts]. PMID- 44523 TI - Black-pigmented Bacteroides from clinically characterized periodontal sites. PMID- 44524 TI - Cellular and environmental variables determining numbers of flagella in temperature-shocked Naegleria. AB - Naegleria gruberi amebae normally transform into biflagellated cells. When subjected to high temperatures during flagellate differentiation, populations develop an average of 4-5 flagella/flagellate. Attempts to maximize this phenomenon by altering cellular and environmental variables revealed that: (a) few Naegleria isolates become multiflagellated: strain NB-1 gives the greatest response to heat shocks; (b) temperature is the most critical variable: highest numbers of flagella are obtained only if cells are temperature-shocked at precisely 38.2 +/- 0.1 C, then returned to 19-22 C to complete differentiation; (c) although pH alone does not affect numbers of flagella, a pH optimum of 5.5 7.0 exists for temperature-shocked cells; and (d) single cells in microdrops become multiflagellated, but the population response is density-dependent. Optimal conditions are described for growing, washing, and transforming amebae to generate reproducibly highest numbers of flagella. PMID- 44525 TI - Evidence for NADH- and NADPH-linked glutamate dehydrogenases in Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. AB - Two glutamate dehydrogenases, NADH-linked (EC 1.2.1.2) and NADPH-linked (EC 1.2.1.4) were isolated from the epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and purified. Both enzymes exist as hexamers. The molecular weights of the native NADH-and NADPH-linked glutamate dehydrogenases were estimated to be 360,000 and 265,000, respectively, and those of the subunits to be 58,000 and 43,000, respectively. The isoelectric point of the NADH-linked dehydrogenase is at pH 5.25 and that of the NADPH-linked enzyme at pH 5.1. The activities of both enzymes are regulated by product inhibition. In addition, purine nucleotides were shown to be potent inhibitors of the NADH-linked glutamate dehydrogenase. PMID- 44527 TI - Checklist of mosquito species tested against the nematode parasite Romanomermis culicivorax. PMID- 44526 TI - Comparative studies on dihydrofolate reductases from Plasmodium falciparum and Aotus trivirgatus. AB - Dihydrofolate reductase (E.C. 1.5.1.3) from Plasmodium falciparum and from its host, the owl monkey (Aotus trivirgatus), were partially purified and characterized. The molecular weight of the parasite enzyme was estimated to be over 10 times as high as that of the host enzyme. The host enzyme had 2 pH optima whereas the parasite enzyme only one. The activity of the host enzyme was greatly stimulated by KCl and urea, while that of the parasite enzyme was inhibited at high concentrations of such chaotropic agents. Km of the parasite enzyme was significantly higher than that of the host enzyme. The parasite enzyme had much lower Ki for pyrimethamine than the host enzyme. Dihydrofolate reductases isolated from pyrimethamine-resistant and pyrimethamine sensitive strains of P. falciparum were found to be similar. PMID- 44528 TI - Effect of defensive host behavior on the blood meal size and feeding success of natural populations of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). PMID- 44529 TI - [The twentysix general meeting of the Japan Society of Anesthesiology in Tokyo, May 26, 27, 1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 44530 TI - [Proceeding of the 20th Congress of the Japanese Society of Clinical Hematology]. PMID- 44532 TI - [The 21st Congress of the Japanese Society of Nephrology. Abstracts]. PMID- 44531 TI - [The 9th Regional Meeting of East and West of Japan, Japanese Society of Nephrology (author's transl)]. PMID- 44533 TI - [Transnasal gastroduodenal intubation]. PMID- 44534 TI - Effect of phospholipase A2 on purified gastric vesicles. AB - The phospholipid and fatty acid composition and role of phospholipids in enzyme and transport function of gastric (H+ + K+)-ATPase vesicles was studied using phospholipase A2 (bee venom). The composition (%) was phosphatidyl-choline (PC) 33%; sphingomyelin (sph) 25%; phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 22%; phosphatidylserine (PS) 11%; and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 8%. The fatty acid composition showed a high degree of unsaturation. In both fresh and lyophilized preparations, even with prolonged incubation, only 50% of phospholipids were hydrolyzed, but the amount of PE and PS disappearing was increased following lyophilization. There was a marked decrease in K+-ATPase activity (75%) but essentially no loss of the associated K+ p-nitrophenyl phosphatase was found. ATPase activity could be largely restored by various phospholipids (PE greater than PC greater than PS). There was also an increase in Mg2+-ATPase activity, partially reversed in fresh preparations by the addition of phospholipids (PE greater than PS greater than PC). Proton transport activity of the preparation was rapidly inhibited, initially due to a large increase in the HCl permeability of the preparation. Associated with these enzymatic and functional changes, the ATP-induced conformational changes, as indicated by circular dichroism spectra were inhibited. PMID- 44535 TI - Alkaline phosphatase of basal lateral and brush border plasma membranes from intestinal epithelium. AB - The alkaline phosphatase present on isolated brush border and basal lateral membranes of rat duodenal epithelium were examined by means of a variety of biochemical assays and physical methods. The two alkaline phosphatases have similar pH optima of 9.6--9.8, similar substrate km's for p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) of 71 micromolar, similar responses to the inhibitors 2-mercaptoethanol, theophylline, phenylalanine, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), similar sensitivities to calcium, magnesium, zinc, sodium, and potassium, and similar insensitivities to digestion with trypsin of papain. The two enzymes also exhibit similar molecular weights on SDS-polyacrylamide gels in the range 124,000- 150,000, and both enzymes show an Rf value of 0.092 on Triton X-100 polyacrylamide gels, indicating similar intrinsic charges. The Vmax of the brush border enzyme is ten times greater than that of the basal lateral enzyme, 140 mumoles/mg-h as opposed to 14 mumoles/mg-h. The differences in Vmax are a reflection of the known distribution of alkaline phosphatase in rat duodenum, there being more alkaline phosphatase activity present on the brush border than on the basal lateral surface. One other major difference was observed between the two enzymes, the stimulation of the basal lateral and not the brush border alkaline phosphatase by SDS, Triton X-100, or cholate. We conclude that the enzymes are very similar to one another and probably perform similar membrane functions. PMID- 44536 TI - pH oscillations in transport process. PMID- 44537 TI - [The 1980's: the second generation of neuroleptics and the decade of the new peptides]. PMID- 44538 TI - [Neurotransmitters, drugs and neuropsychiatric diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 44539 TI - [Effect of various parameters on heparin utilization in short-term hemodialysis]. PMID- 44540 TI - [Drug therapy in liver diseases]. PMID- 44541 TI - [A "new" stinging jellyfish in the Netherlands, Gonionemus vertens L. Agassiz]. PMID- 44542 TI - [Liver damage following taking of glaphenine]. PMID- 44543 TI - Regional distribution of membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in mouse brain. Comparison with rabbit brain. AB - Activity of membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) was examined in various regions of mouse brain, in capillaries of the cerebral cortex and in telencephalic choroid plexuses. The level of activity in the capillaries was double and that of the choroid plexus nine times that of the gamma-GTP activity found in the brain, septum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, cerebellum, frontal cortex, pons, medulla oblongata, and amygdala. Histochemically the gamma GTP activity was demonstrated in the surface membranes of choroidal cells and in the endothelium of small capillaries. The activities of gamma-GTP of cerebral cortex, choroid plexus, and capillaries from rabbit were 5--17 times greater than those from corresponding areas of mouse brain. While 30 mM methionine stimulated (in vitro) the enzyme from mouse brain, no such effect was observed with the enzyme activity from rabbit brain. The gamma-GTP activity from the capillaries of cerebral cortex of both mouse and rabbit was not affected by the presence of methionine. These findings suggest existence of differences in the specificity of gamma-GTP activity in these two species. PMID- 44544 TI - Seizure proneness and neurotransmitter uptake. AB - The ability of midbrain homogenates from two strains of mice to accumulate several putative neurotransmitters, or their precursor in the case of acetylcholine, has been examined. The high-affinity transport mechanisms toward glutamate, GABA, dopamine, and glycine were similar in both strains. The seizure prone DBA21BG strain had a significantly higher capacity to transport choline than did the relatively seizure-resistant C57BL/6 IBC mice. Howaver, no difference in the density of muscarinic binding sites in the two mouse strains was found. PMID- 44545 TI - Disaggregation of brain polysomes after LSD in vivo. Involvement of LSD-induced hyperthermia. AB - LSD-induced hyperthermia is implicated in the brain-specific disaggregation of polysomes which is induced following intravenous administration of the drug to rabbits. Both LSD-induced hyperthermia and brain polysome disaggregation were found to increase in parallel under conditions which accentuated the effect of the drug on brain protein synthesis. Pretreatment with neurotransmitter receptor blockers or placing the animal at an ambient temperature of 4 degrees C after LSD administration prevented both hyperthermia and brain polysome disaggregation. The administration of apomorphine, which causes hyperthermia in rabbits also caused disaggregation of brain polysomes. Direct elevation of the body temperature to levels similar to that found after LSD was achieved by placing animals at an ambient temperature of 37 degrees C. Under these conditions a brain-specific disaggregation of polysomes resulted which was not due to RNAase activation. After either LSD or direct heating, the brain polysome shift was associated with a relocalization of polyadenylated mRNA from polysomes to monosomes as determined by [3H]polyuridylate hybridization. Since polysome disaggregation was found only in brain, it appears that the brain may be more sensitive to elevations in body temperature compared to other organs. PMID- 44546 TI - Purification and covalent coupling of calf brain prolidase. AB - We have investigated methods of stabilizing prolidase by chemical modification and covalent coupling to various supports, for use in protein hydrolysis and possible use in enzyme replacement therapy. Purified acetone powder of calf brain prolidase was further purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A25. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the number of bands was reduced from 11 to 2. Since yields were low, the purified (NH4)2SO4 fraction was used in all experiments. Thiolation of the enzyme reduced the amount of protein coupled to AH- or CH-Sepharose 4B. Activities were highest when the protein was linked through its carboxyl groups. The coupled enzyme showed much greater thermal stability than its free counterpart. Of the bound preparations, the thiolated was less stable than the untreated. Untreated and thiolated enzymes bound to either matrix showed higher activity at low pH and less at high pH than the free material. Thiolation shifted the pH maximum from 6.8 to 7.5. The free thiolated enzyme and that bound to activated SH-Sepharose 4B showed greater thermal stability and a broader pH range of optimal activity than the bound untreated enzyme. These results show that prolidase can be immobilized by coupling to an insoluble matrix through various types of covalent bonds with retention of activity and increased stability. PMID- 44547 TI - Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels in brain after treatments which impair cerebral glucose metabolism. AB - Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentrations were measured in brains of rats to determine whether a deficiency of this coenzyme was a common feature in hepatic coma, ethanol intoxication, and in animals treated with L-dopa or with 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) alone or with inhibitors of MAO or of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. These treatments have been shown previously to be associated with reduced conversion of glucose to amino acids in brain. Cerebral PLP concentrations were reduced after some of these treatments, notably injection of ethanol, or L-dopa alone or with beta-phenylisopropylhydrazine, an inhibitor of MAO, or of 5-HTP together with N-[beta-(chlorophenoxy)ethyl]cyclopropylamine hydrochloride, Lilly 51641, another MAO inhibitor. However, in other circumstances where inhibition of conversion of glucose to amino acids has been shown (treatment with 5-HTP, or with Lilly 51641 or with [N-(D,L-seryl)-N'-2,3,4 trihydroxybenzyl]hydrazine, an inhibitor of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, together with L-dopa or with 5-HTP), PLP levels in brain were unchanged, or were increased (in hepatectomized rats). PMID- 44548 TI - [A new approach to the therapy of hypertensive states]. PMID- 44550 TI - [4th Congress of the Societe Francaise d'Hematologie Robert Waitz Congress, Strasburg 25-29 June 1979]. PMID- 44549 TI - [French Society of Perinatal Medicine (La Baule, November 1978)]. PMID- 44551 TI - French Society of Hematology. Meeting of the Cell Proliferation and Differentiation Group. Grenoble, France. March 9-10, 1979. Abstracts of papers presented. PMID- 44552 TI - French Society of Hematology. 16th meeting of the Study Group on Hemostasis and Thrombosis. Lyon, France. March 30-31, 1979. Abstracts of papers presented. PMID- 44553 TI - The evaluation of tiodonium chloride as an antiplaque and anticaries agent. V. Effects on plaque microbiology and plaque and saliva pH. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a tiodonium chloride mouthrinse on the microbial composition of plaque and the acidogenic properties of plaque and saliva after challenge with sucrose solutions. Fifty-five participants were grouped on the basis of their tendency to form plaque, then randomly assigned to use either a placebo or a 0.3% tiodonium chloride rinse. After a prophylaxis all oral hygiene was suspended, supervised rinsings were conducted twice daily for four days and once on day 5. One-half hour after the last rinse, plaque was removed from the right mandibular second molar for microbiological evaluation. Plaque was also removed from the right quadrants and mixed with 10% sucrose. The pH of the mixture was measured immediately and after 15 minutes. Saliva was collected before and 30 minutes after the final rinse and mixed with 5% glucose. pH was determined initially and after five hours. Tiodonium chloride rinses significantly reduced the viable organisms in plaque. It also restricted the ability of plaque or saliva to metabolize sucrose as monitored by pH changes. The results suggest that tiodonium chloride might decrease dental caries because of its inhibiting effect on plaque microflora and acid production by plaque and saliva. PMID- 44554 TI - Proceedings of the first annual meeting of the International Commission of IUPS on Gravitational Physiology. PMID- 44555 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships. PMID- 44556 TI - [Mode of action of colicins which inhibit energy metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 44557 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of isopropamide (Priamide) and atropine on subperiods of the left heart ventricle systole using polygraphic examination (author's transl)]. PMID- 44558 TI - [Loxoscelism in children. Analysis of 15 cases]. PMID- 44559 TI - [Evaluation of different test in the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux (author's transl)]. PMID- 44560 TI - [Investigation of gastroesophageal reflux in adult patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 44561 TI - [Recent progress in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency. Contribution of vasodilator agents]. PMID- 44562 TI - [Possibilities of regression of human atherosclerosis. Angiographic documentation]. PMID- 44563 TI - [Some current problems in hepatic immunopathology]. PMID- 44564 TI - [Preleukemic states]. PMID- 44565 TI - [The study of insulin antibodies in different forms of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 44566 TI - [The exercise test for evaluation of general functional capacity (coefficient of adaptability)]. PMID- 44567 TI - [Fibrinolytic capacity after exertion in atherogenic hyperlipoproteinemias]. PMID- 44568 TI - [New concepts of the seasonal evolution of duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 44569 TI - [Critical considerations on the diagnstoic value of nocturnal gastric secretion in duodenal ulcer patients]. PMID- 44570 TI - [Iodinated contrast media and gastric secretion]. PMID- 44571 TI - [Study of hemolysis in postnecrotic hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 44572 TI - [Study of the prevalence and incidence of viral hepatitis in collectivities]. PMID- 44573 TI - [Study of the diagnostic contribution of determination of serum gamma glutamyltransferase in hepato-biliary diseases]. PMID- 44574 TI - [Rheumatoid gout]. PMID- 44575 TI - [Fourth nephrology day in French-speaking regions. Glomerulonephritis today. The kidney and diabetes. Boudry, 31 May 1979. Introduction]. PMID- 44576 TI - [Effect of intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate in ventilation and gas exchange in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. PMID- 44577 TI - Widely disseminated cutaneous candidosis in adults. AB - Of 9 adults, 5 males, 4 females, with wide dissemination of Candida albicans skin lesions, the eruption started in the groin, from which it spread to other areas in most cases. In 5 cases the disseminated lesions were papulo-pustular; the rest were erythematous-squamous. Hyphae and yeast cells of C. albicans were found on direct microscopy. Diabetes was present in 5 patients, lymphoma in 1, and bullous pemphigoid in another. Onychia and paronychia were found in 7 patients, intertriginous lesions of the fingers in 4 and oral thrush in 2. Intradermal skin tests were negative. The percentage and absolute numbers of T-lymphocytes were normal in 6 of 7 patients, whereas their functional activity was imparied in 4 of 6 patients, as evidenced by the negative Graft-versus host reaction. The role of concurrent disease in the pathogenesis of the candidosis is discussed. PMID- 44579 TI - [Influence of amphotericin B on immunological response]. PMID- 44578 TI - The mechanism of action of antirheumatic agents. PMID- 44580 TI - [Naloxone as antidote in benzodiazepine poisoning]. PMID- 44581 TI - [Do beta blockers cause urination disorders? A method for the evaluation of adverse effects]. PMID- 44583 TI - Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society. One hundred and fifteenth annual meeting, Hot Springs, Virginia, 1979. PMID- 44582 TI - Orchiopexy using microvascular surgical technique. AB - Orchiopexy of high intra-abdominal testes with division of the internal spermatic artery and vein is associated with subsequent testicular atrophy in a significant percentage of cases. We herein describe 2 patients in whom arterial supply and venous drainage to the testis were maintained using microvascular anastomosis. The internal spermatic artery and vein were anastomosed to the deep inferior epigastric artery and vein. Patency of the vascular anastomosis was verified by subsequent radionuclide examinations and selective arteriography in 1 patient. PMID- 44584 TI - [Changes in the ruminal contents in suppurative surgical infection in cattle]. AB - Rumen content (pH, number of infusoria, quantity of volatile fatty acids and ammonia) was studied in 151 cattle (50 healthy animals, 15 with experimental suppurative infection and 86 with spontaneous suppurative infection). In cases of cattle suppurative infection a statistically significant reduction was observed in the four rumen content indices: pH from 7.61 +/- 0.02 fell to 6.90 +/- 0.06; number of infusoria--from 295 820 +/- 2890 per cm3 fell to 75 867 +/- 1260 per cm3; volatile fatty acids from 919.7 +/- 10.08 mg% diminished to 489.48 +/- 18.91, and ammonia from 27.69 +/- 0.51 mg% was reduced to 12.23 +/- 0.73 mg%. In case of recovery a tendency toward normalizing rumen content was observed. PMID- 44585 TI - [Effect of physicochemical factors on the activity of Bulgarian gonadotropic preparations]. PMID- 44586 TI - Ultracytochemical characterization of non-specific acid phosphatase activities in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Glutaraldehyde prefixation causes a considerable inactivation of the acid phosphatase of yeast protoplasts in dependence on the duration of aldehyde influence. Lead ions necessary for ultracytochemical demonstration effect a still stronger inhibition of enzymatic activity. Prefixation, however, protects the enzyme from further inhibition by lead. At pH 4.4 in intact cells acid phosphatase activities are mainly localized in the periplasmic space and in vesicles fused with the plasma membrane. The cell wall and cytoplasm usually remain free of reaction products. On the cell surface activities are found in form of globular lead deposits. At pH 5.2 and 6.3 the periplasmic activity appears decreased compared to that at lower pH values and the intracellular activity is increased. The plasma membrane of protoplasts is completely free of precipitates. The intracellular activity sites of protoplasts (cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum and/or Golgi-like system, small vesicles, central vacuole, nuclear envelope) are the same as for intact cells. The occurrence of at least two forms of acid phosphatase in S. cerevisiae id deduced. PMID- 44587 TI - [Geomicrobiological studies. XIII. Microorganisms and formation of deposits in hot sulfur lakes on Hokkaido (Japan)]. PMID- 44588 TI - [Glucoamylase from Endomycopsis bispora. IV. Excretion of multiple forms during cultivation]. PMID- 44589 TI - [Oxidative degradation of dibenzylsulfide]. AB - Dibenzylsulfid (DBS) as a model of the organic sulfur compounds in crude oil was converted by a mixed culture (containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa) into several water soluble organic substances. Whereas these compounds are detectable with DC- and IR-spectroscopic techniques, benzylmercaptoacetic acid (BMA) was the only isolated product of DBS utilization. Efficiency of degradation, respectively, accumulation of BMA were dependent on aeration and pH-regulation. PMID- 44590 TI - [Regulation of glutamine synthetase production in streptomycetes]. PMID- 44591 TI - More than one stable stationary state in the cell concentration of thiamine limited Escherichia coli 2000 chemostat cultures. PMID- 44592 TI - Catalytic subunit of adenosine cyclic 2',5'monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from rat muscle: basic properties and factors influencing the activity. PMID- 44593 TI - Inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport in tobacco chloroplasts and thylakoids of the blue green alga Oscillatoria chalybea by an antiserum to synthetic zeaxanthin. AB - An antiserum to synthetic Zeaxanthin inhibits photosynthetic electron transport on the oxygen-evolving side of photosystem II in tobacco chloroplasts and thylakoids of the filamentous blue-green alga Oscillatoria chalybea. The inhibition site lies for both species between the site of electron donation of water or tetramethyl benzidine and that of diphenyl carbazide or manganese II ions. Typical photosystem I reactions are not impaired by the antiserum. The effect of the antiserum concerning the inhibition site is practically identical to that of the earlier described antiserum to violaxanthin. However, the degree of inhibition seems to be generally somewhat lower with the antiserum to Zeaxanthin, than with that to violaxanthin which hints at a lesser accessibility of zeaxanthin, in the tylakoid membrane in comparison to violaxanthin. In the course of these investigations new evidence was obtained that the oxygen-evolving side of the electron transport scheme is differently organized in Oscillatoria chalybea when compared to tobacco chloroplasts. Thus, the silicomolybdate reduction with water as the electron donor is sensitive to DCMU in these algae. PMID- 44594 TI - [The influence of cytochalasin B, colchicine, and vinblastine on the attachment of Entamoeba histolytica to glass surfaces (author's transl)]. AB - The attachment of E. histolytica trophozoites from monoxenic TPS-medium to glass surfaces was studied at different temperatures and pH values and in the presence of cytochalasin B, colchicine, and vinblastine. At pH 7.0 and at 36 degrees C optimal adhesion rates of the amebae were observed in the range from 80% to 95%. Marked inhibition of adhesion was noted at higher concentrations of cytochalasin B. The adhesion rate was reduced to 50% by 50 micrograms/ml CB. Higher dosages successively prevented nearly all adhesion. Colchicine was without any effect. Vinblastine had a certain low effect but only at very high dosage. The observations are consistent with the assumption that the adhesion process is at least partially mediated by cytochalasin-sensitive contractile microfilaments, whereas microtubuli are obviously not involved in the cell-substrate adhesion. PMID- 44595 TI - A comparison of the non-specific acid phosphomonoesterase activity in the larva of Phocanema decipiens (Nematoda) with that of the muscle of its host the codfish (Gadus morhua). AB - The non-specific phosphomonoesterase (enzyme I) extracted from the larva of the codworm (Phocanema decipiens) is different from the enzyme (enzyme II) from the muscle of its host, the codfish (Gadus morhua). The pH optima were 4.0 and 4.5, and the KM values for p-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis were 1.8 mM and 6.5 mM for enzymes I and II respectively. The specific specific activity in units (0.01 mumol/min) per mg protein was 4.80 +/- 0.85 and 0.54 +/- 0.07 for enzymes I and II respectively. The specific activity from uninfected muscles was only 0.39 (SD +/- 0.017) units per mg of protein. Both enzymes were inhibited by NaF, HgCl2, and cysteine but were stimulated by 2-mercaptoethanol. EDTA and iodoacetamide had no effect on enzyme I but enzyme II was activated by EDTA and inhibited by iodoacetamide. Cadmium ions inhibited both the enzymes but a conspicuous feature with enzyme II was in the increase in percentage inhibition by lowering the concentration of CD2+. PMID- 44596 TI - [Fluoremetry and various applications in drug analysis]. PMID- 44597 TI - [Tooth injuries]. PMID- 44598 TI - Identity and lipase productivity of a mesophilic actinomycete isolated from Egyptian soil. AB - 1. A mesophilic lipolytic actinomycete was isolated from Egyptian soil and was identified as a strain of Streptomyces flavogriseus. 2. Lipase(s) produced by S. flavogriseus is (at least partly) constitutive in its (their) nature and can be produced in the absence of lipids, however, its production is stimulated in their presence. 3. S. flavogriseus was unable to grow at 40 degrees C or higher temperatures. However, lipase(s) produced at lower temperatures (e.g. 20, 25, 30 and 35 degrees C) were more active at 45 and 55 degrees C. This is probably due to the presence of a heat sensitive lipase inhibitor in the culture filtrate. 4. Optimum conditions for lipase(s) production by S. flavoriseus are pH 6.8, incubation for 48-72 hours at 35 degrees C with 0.8% castor oil as the carbon source in Dox liquid medium supplemented with 0.3% yeast extract. 5. Factors supporting good growth were not always the same as those stimulating lipase(s) production. PMID- 44599 TI - L-asparaginase-producing Streptomyces from the soil of Kuwait. AB - Five actinomycete isolates (all belonged to the genus Streptomyces), capable of producing detectable amounts of L-asparaginase, were isolated from the soil of Kuwait after enrichment. The three most potent enzyme producers were identified as different strains of Streptomyces collinus. Factors affecting enzyme production by the strongest strain were examined. Synthetic media with asparagine as a nitrogen source stimulated more enzyme production than natural media. Starch and asparagine at final concentrations of 1 and 0.8%, respectively, were optimum for enzyme production. An initial pH of 8.5 for the growth medium and an incubation temperature of 28-30 degrees C in a static culture for 6 days stimulated enzyme production by the examined strain of Streptomyces collinus. PMID- 44600 TI - Activity of L-asparaginase in cells of Streptomyces karnatakensis. AB - Eight isolates capable of producing varying quantities of L-asparaginase and all identified as members of the genus Streptomyces were isolated from the soil and a suitable technique for the assay of intracellular L-asparaginase in actinomycetes was developed. The most potent L-asparaginase producer was identified as a strain of Streptomyces karnatakensis. Static cultures of S. karnatakensis showed maximum enzyme activity with almost maximum growth while shaken cultures exhibited their activity after 48 hours of growth. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of possible feedback mechanism and/or the biosynthesis of certain pigments. L asparaginase of S. karnatakensis proved to be mostly intracellular and the presence of L-asparagine in the culture medium though, stimulating yet not essential for the enyzme biosynthesis. Cells grown on L-asparagine showed amidase activity with other amides but at a reduced rate. PMID- 44601 TI - Site of replication of influenza virus A/budgerigar/Hokkaido/1/77 (Hav 4 Nav 1) in budgerigars. PMID- 44602 TI - Inactivation of Pasteurella multocida within the mouse peritoneal cavity. AB - Normal ICR mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.5 ml of thioglycollate broth or 5 x 10(8) heat-killed Pasteurella multocida vaccine and the number of polymorphs, lymphocytes and macrophages in the peritoneal washout suspensions were determined at intervals up to 72 hours. The stimulated mice were challenged intraperitoneally with opsonized or unopsonized P. multocida at increasing time intervals and the rate of growth by the organisms in the washout suspension was determined up to 60 minutes later. The opsonized bacilli were taken up by the 6 hr. exudate cells (50-60% PMNs) and their growth inhibited more effectively than when the 72 hr exudate cells were tested (only 10% PMNs). When the challenge inoculum was introduced into the peritoneal cavities of mice stimulated 6 hrs previously with 5 x 10(8) heat-killed P. multocida vaccine, up to 80% of the bacilli were inactivated over a 30 minute period. However, when 72 or 250 hr peritoneal exudate cells were tested, the inoculum was not inactivated, but showed an increasingly lethal effect. PMID- 44603 TI - A proposed sero-grouping scheme for epidemiological investigation of food poisoning due to Clostridium perfringens type A. AB - Serological studies with soluble and particulate antigens of Cl. perfringens type A revealed that enterotoxin and spore antigens could be used as a suitable marker for epidemiological studies. 94% of the food poisoning strains of Cl. perfringens type A could be grouped into 3 groups with the help of 2 enterotoxin-specific sera and 90% in 4 groups with antispore sera. Heat-sensitive strains were found to be antigenically more homogenous than the heat-resistant ones. Sera raised against spores of heat-resistant strains could not agglutinate spore of any of the heat-sensitive strains. Similarly no spores of heat-resistant strains were agglutinable by serum raised against spores of heat-sensitive strains. On the basis of typing efficiency the two antigen, viz enterotoxin and spore antigens were used in the serogrouping scheme proposed for the epidemiological investigation of food poisoning with Cl. perfringens type A. Used together, enterotoxin and spore agglutinogen form an antigenic formula for each strain showing the serogroup to which it belongs. PMID- 44604 TI - Production of hyaluronidase by propionibacteria from different origins. AB - 114 strains of anaerobic and microaerophilic coryneform bacteria from different origins were investigated for production of free extracellular hyaluronidase (hyaluronate glycanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.36). A quantitative technique was applied measuring the release of N-acetyl-glucosamine groups from purified human potassium hyaluronate. The strains belonged to the following species: Propionibacterium acnes, P. avidum, P. granulosum, P. lymphophilum, the formerly so-called Corynebacterium parvum, P. freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii and shermanii, P. thoenii, P. acidi-propionici, C. minutissimum, and Arachnia propionica. All together, 59 out of 114 (approximately 51.8%) tested strains showed clearly measurable hyaluronidase activities. P. acnes, the propionibacterium species most frequently found in acne vulgaris lesions, proved to be the most active species tested, 44 out of 64 (approximately 68.8%) P. acnes strains being positive. 5 strains producing hyaluronate glycanohydrolase activities of more than 60 mU/ml in thioglycollate broth cultures could be detected. P. avidum and P. granulosum strains were positive in only 45.0% and 33.3%, respectively, and their mean hyaluronidase activities were significantly lower. Differences in hyaluronidase activities of P. acnes strains isolated from acne vulgaris lesions and strains from normal human skin could not be found. The possible pathogenic role of propionibacteria hyaluronidase in acne vulgaris is discussed. PMID- 44605 TI - Purine nucleoside triphosphates in Streptomyces hydrogenans. Influence of steroids on the relative nucleotide level. AB - Various steroids in the culture medium of Streptomyces hydrogenans cause a rapid decrease of the relative GTP content of the cells. The relative ATP level is significantly diminished in the presence of progesterone and testosterone acetate. The initial decrease of the relative GTP content is proportional to the growth inhibitory effect of the steroids tested. There is no relationship between steroid-dependent induction of the synthesis of 20 beta- and 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the ability of the steroids to decrease the relative GTP content of the cells. PMID- 44606 TI - Pathogenicity of mycoplasmas for man, animals, plants and insects. XII International Congress of Microbiology, Munchen, September 3-8, 1978. PMID- 44607 TI - Pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae disease. PMID- 44608 TI - Autoimmune reactions associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. AB - Patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection often develop various autoantibodies including cold agglutinins, cold antibodies reacting with lymphocytes, antibodies against various tissue antigens, for instance brain and lung and smooth muscle antibodies. Various mechanisms that may be responsible for the induction of these autoimmune responses and the possible pathogenicity of these autoantibodies are discussed. PMID- 44609 TI - Pathogenicity of ureaplasmas for animals and man. AB - Since their original isolation from the genital tract of man, ureaplasmas, previously termed T-strain mycoplasmas, have been isolated from a variety of animal species. Under experimental conditions they have been shown to cause mastitis in cattle, goats and mice, and observations made on naturally-occurring bovine pneumonia, as well as the results of experimental inoculation, suggest that ureaplasmas are responsible for a portion of bovine cuffing pneumonia. Ureaplasmas have been isolated from the genital tract of a wide variety of animals and have the potential for causing disease in this anatomical area, as the results of experimental intra-urethral inoculation of goats, for example, indicate. However, there are no data, as yet, to incriminate ureaplasmas as a cause of naturally-occurring genital tract disease nor as a cause of infertility, the latter being an area in which the results of studies are often conflicting and difficult to interpret. In man, the role of ureaplasmas in genito-urinary disease has been a bone of contention for many years. Experimentally, ureaplasmas produce bladder calculi in rats but so far there is no evidence that they do so in man. Further, there are no convincing data to support the notion that infertile couples possessing ureaplasmas should be treated with tetracyclines. There is an undoubted association between spontaneous abortion and low birth weight on the one hand and the presence of ureaplasmas in the mother, abortus or infant on the other. However, evidence that the organisms cause abortion is lacking and whether they are directly responsible for low birth-weight is unknown. The association between chorioamnionitis and ureaplasma isolation is provocative enough to stimulate further work. In the case of non-gonococcal urethritis, the weight of evidence suggests that ureaplasmas cause the disease in some men. This is based on quantitative isolation, volunteer inoculation, as well as treatment studies including the use of antibiotics, such as rifampicin, which differentiate between chlamydiae and ureaplasmas. PMID- 44610 TI - Pathogenicity of the subspecies mycoides of Mycoplasma mycoides for cattle, sheep and goats. AB - Recent work has shown that strains classified as M. mycoides subsp. mycoides may be separated into 2 types according to their growth rate and their behaviour in certain biochemical tests. The large colony (LC) types, most of which are from goats, are pathogenic for sheep and goats but apparently not for cattle. The small colony (SC) types include the classical contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) strains from cattle and four strains from goats. These SC types are potentially pathogenic for cattle, sheep and goats. Strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides from CBPP differ in their virulence in cattle. The degree of virulence is correlated with the quantity of galactan produced in cultures of the organism, suggesting an important role for galactan in pathogenicity. This is consistent with the production by galactan of physiological effects in calves and in the enhancement of infection in cattle given galactan at the same time as cultures of the organism. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) can be produced experimentally in goats using cultures of M. mycoides subsp. capri. Whether the glucan produced in such cultures is a factor in pathogenicity of this organism has not been determined. Hydrogen peroxide demonstrated in tracheal organ cultures of M. mycoides subsp. capri may contribute to its pathogenicity. PMID- 44611 TI - [The production of streptolysin O by beta-hemolytic streptococci of group A (author's transl))]. AB - 128 M- and 15 T-typed strains of A-streptococci were investigated in respect of their streptolysin O production. The peak of streptolysin O production was reached after the logarithmic growth-phase and persisted for more than 24 h. The strains were classified in very weak 44% (0-1,0 E/ml), weak 30% (1,5-3,0 E/ml), medium 21% (4-8,0 E/ml) strong 5% (12-48 E/ml), 9 strains (7%) produced no detectable streptolysin O. The amount of streptolysin O necessary for antigen stimulation is discussed. A connection of growth character and enzyme production was not observed. PMID- 44612 TI - The pathogenicity of avian mycoplasmas. AB - Based on literature data and own experiences the author gives an outlook about pathogenicity of avian mycoplasmas. In chickens and turkeys M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae (in addition to it M. meleagridis exclusively in turkeys) are the most important mycoplasmas producing respiratory disease, inflamation of synovial membranes and other lesions. Their pathogenic effect is very much influenced by dose of agent, route of entry of microorganism, age of birds, virulence and tropism of organism as well as associated other mycoplasma or virus or bacterial or fungal infections and conditions of environment. These facts rise difficulties in serological diagnostic and erradication program. Recently ureaplasma infection was also established in chickens and turkeys which can also be associated with respiratory disease. From ducks A. laidlawii, M. anatis and various unclassified strains were isolated, among these M. anatis and unclassified arginine splitting mycoplasma strains proved to be pathogenic. In geese M. gallinarum, A. laidlawii and A. axanthum were detected. A. axanthum showed pathogenicity for goslings and goose embryos. Its effect is exacerbated by associated parvovirus infection. PMID- 44613 TI - The pathogenicity of mycoplasmas for plants. AB - Many plant diseases belonging to the yellows group are believed to be caused by wall-free prokaryotes resembling mycoplasmas, which are spread by leafhopper vectors. Im most cases the evidence for mycoplasma aetiology rests upon the finding by electron microscopy of mycoplasma-like bodies in phloem tissue of diseased plants, coupled in some cases with symptom remission following treatment of plants with tetracyclines. The only plant-pathogenic mycoplasmas which have so far been cultured are the spiroplasmas (motile, helical, filamentous mycoplasmas) which cause citrus stubborn, corn stunt and probably a small number of other plant diseases. Spiroplasma citri (the citrus stubborn agent) can infect members of many plant families, and disease symptoms suggest that the organisms produce toxins. Phytotoxic substances have been detected in, and partially purified from spiroplasma cultures. The corn stunt spiroplasma does not produce toxins and probably affects plants by interfering with hormone metabolism. PMID- 44614 TI - Pathogenicity of mycoplasmas for arthropods. PMID- 44615 TI - [Clinical laboratory evaluation of an Automated Microbial Detection and Identification System (AMS) (author's transl)]. PMID- 44616 TI - Antimicrobial activity of crude juices of Allium ascalonicum, Allium cepa and Allium sativum. AB - Crude juices of garlic (Allium sativum), onion (Allium cepa) and shallots (Allium ascalonicum) were tested in an agar diffusion test for their growth inhibitory effect on five gram negative and three gram positive bacterial species and two yeast species. All test organisms were inhibited by garlic juice, whilst onion and shallot juice showed no effect upon gram negative bacteria. Garlic juice was investigated in more detail. Addition of complex-forming agents and organic matter to the crude juice reduced its activity on all test organisms. Volatile substances showed a strong inhibitory activity after exposure for 8 hours or longer at 23 degrees C or 37 degrees C. Minimal inhibition concentrations determined in a dilution test were found to be high for gram negative bacteria and low for both yeast species. The D-values of the different test organisms in undiluted garlic juice were calculated. P. aeruginosa had a very low D-value, whilst the bacteriostatic concentration was high. This indicates a large concentration exponent of crude garlic juice for this organism. The opposite was found for S. aureus. In view of the strong antibiotic properties and the complete absence of development of resistance further investigation upon the principles of the antimicrobial activity of juices from Allium species merits consideration. PMID- 44617 TI - Structural changes of Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoites and cysts following therapy with sulfamethoxypyrazine-pyrimethamine: studies by light and electron microscopy. Consequences for chemotherapy. AB - Mastomys natalensis chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii strain ALT over two months were treated with sulfamethoxypyrazine-pyrimethamine for 10 and 25 days. 72 hours after discontinuation of therapy the animals were sacrificed. The brains were removed and, following corresponding preparation, studied for the presence of the parasite and structural changes of cysts by light and transmission electron microscopy. More or less pronounced structural changes could be found in cyst walls, bradyzoites, and in particular in the endodyogeny stages. The degree of damage proved to be proportional to the intensity of the bradyzoite metabolism. The combination of drugs used was capable of passing the cyst membrane as long as the bradyzoites maintained their metabolism irrespective of its intensity. In cysts with a largely dormant metabolism that had been subject to therapy, no micromorphological differences of the ultrastructure could be recognized when compared with untreated controls of identical age; these cysts could not be influenced by treatment. PMID- 44618 TI - [Grouping of A, B, C and G beta-hemolytic streptococci by the Phadebact Streptococcus Test (author's transl)]. PMID- 44619 TI - Protective immune response in mice immunized with antigens from Trypanosoma gambiense-infected mouse blood. AB - Immunogenicity and property of antigens obtained from Trypanosoma gambiense infected mouse blood (IMP) were examined. A strong vaccine effect against intravenous challenges with 3 x10(3) parasites given on study day 3, 5, or 14 (day 0 = immunization) was observed in mice immunized with a combination of IMP (2 mg protein/mouse) and Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). But when the challenge was given on day 21 or 30, per cent survival in mice dropped to the 20- and 40 per cent level, respectively. Among fractioned components of IMP, IMP-1, IMP-2, and imp-3, by gel filtration with Sephadex G-200, all of the mice immunized with IMP-1 antigen alone or together with FCA and challenged on day 5 were able to conquer intraperitoneal challenges with 1 x10(2) parasites. Mice immunized with IMP-2 or IMP-3 died within 6 days after challenge. Moreover, protection efficacy shown by IMP-1p (144,000 xg sediment of IMP-1) antigen in mice was similar to that by IMP and IMP-1 antigens. IMP-3 yielded a single precipitin line against mouse anti-IMP serum by Ouchterlony double diffusion method but this response was eliminated when the antiserum was absorbed by IMP-1p. No precipitin line was identified between mouse anti-IMP serum and IMP-1 or IMP-2. From electron microscopic observations, elements of IMP-1 and IMP-1p are possibly corresponded to the fragments of filopodia of the parasites. PMID- 44620 TI - Effect of intestinal flagellate Spironucleus (Hexamita) muris and of dimetridazole on intestinal microflora in thymus-defficient (nude) mice. AB - Two groups of the intestinal microflora, the lactobacilli and the coliforms, were examined in thymus-deficient (nude) mice during the development of an experimental infection with the intestinal flagellate Spironucleus (Hexamita) muris and during the treatment with dimetridazole. The observed significant decrease in the number of lactobacilli under infection was probably due to the fact that the protozoan parasite fed on the microbes. Dimetridazole (0.3% in drinking water) did not influence the quantity of the lactobacilli but, owing to its selective killing of anaerobes and the lack of their antagonistic activity, a 100- to 1000-fold rise in the number of coliform microbes was observed. No of the drugs tested (dimetridazole, ornidazole, metronidazole, tinidazole, carbimazole BP and chlormethoxy-acridilamino-diethylamino-propanol-dihydrochliorde) was fully successful in the treatment of experimental spironucleosis in mice (Kunstyr, 1978) and it is suggested that recent reports on the therapeutic success of tinidazole in human giardiasis be treated with caution. PMID- 44621 TI - The role of M protein in phagocytosis. I. Activity of some enzymes in phagocytic cells during infection with Streptococcus pyogenes in vivo. AB - The phagocytosis of two type 12 Streptococcus pyogenes strains differing in M protein presence was investigated in vivo. The rate of phagocytosis and the streptococcal viability in phagocytic cells and outside of them was studied simultanously with estimation of enzymatic activity in phagocytic cells. It was observed that M positive strain was phagocytized at lower rate and also exhibited longer viability. Decrease of lactic dehydrogenase and ATP-ase activity in phagocytes of rabbits infected with M+ strain was also detected. These results suggest that M protein disturbs phagocytosis by inhibiting their main metabolic pathway of glycolysis. PMID- 44622 TI - The role of M protein in phagocytosis. II. Opsonization of Streptococcus pyogenes in vitro. AB - Opsonization of two different streptococcal group A type 12 strains was investigated. The strains differed only in M protein presence. It was observed that after the treatment of bacteria with fresh normal rabbit serum M positive strains bind to their surface IgG only whereas M negative strains solely some complement components. These results may suggest that streptococci lacking M protein are able to activate complement by alternate pathway. PMID- 44623 TI - Ultrastructure and viability of E. coli treated fosfomycin. AB - In concentrations of 6 microgram/ml Fosfomycin acted bactericidal against E. coli ATCC 10536. The sensitivity of E. coli was evaluated by turbidity measurement (Table 1) and by counting colony forming units (CFU) (Table 2). Thus the bactericidal action began at different times in respect to the concentration and the method of documentation: turbidity fell 30-120 min after the administration of 6 microgram/ml and 10-30 min after 60 microgram/ml; CFU were reduced 10-30 min after 6 microgram/ml and 3-10 min after 60 microgram/ml. Before the cytoplasm and DNA-region were disorganized with reduced electron density, some elongated (up to more than 20 micron) cells occurred (Fig. 1,2). More prominent alterations in shape and ultrastructure were obvious 120 min after 6 microgram/ml (Fig. 5) and after 30 min when 60 microgram Fosfomycin per ml were administered (Fig. 3, 4), i.e. considerably later than the reduction of reproductivity. PMID- 44624 TI - A novel method for the production of Salmonella flagellar antigen. II. Further purification for the preparation of H antisera. AB - A method for a simple preparation of Salmonella flagellar antigen is described. The antigen is sufficiently pure to elicit high titered H antibodies of 12,800 51,200 and O titers of less than 50. Highly motile Salmonella test strains are grown on 0.8% swarm agar and harvested with 0.05 n HCl which solubilizes the flagella. The suspension with a pH of 1.5 is kept at 4 degrees C. over night and then centrifuged at 49,000 g for 60 min. The supernatant is neutralized and precipitated with ammonium sulfate at 2/3 saturation. The resulting polymeric flagellin is submitted to a zone electrophoresis on Pevikon. Strips are cut from the "cake" and eluted. The H antigen is found on the anodic side, the O antigen remains near the trough or migrates slightly cathodically. Form 20 plates enough flagellin is collected fro the immunization of 50-100 rabbits. The Latex test proved to be especially suited for the checking of the H antigen. PMID- 44625 TI - [Protective role of Salmonella R mutants in Salmonella infection in mice (author's transl)]. AB - NMRI mice were immunized with acetone-killed bacteria of 6 salmonella R mutants, 5 homologous and 6 heterologous Salmonella S forms and 3 E. coli R mutants. The animals were then challenged with graded amounts of live S. typhimurium. The results show that the protection obtained was dependent on the number of immunizing injections and on the time interval between them. Thus in the case of Salmonella R-mutants two immunizations increased the LD50 of challenge by an index of two (log 10) compaired to one immunization. A third immunization led to only a small further increase, the protection however, was longer lasting. A 3 fold immunization with two Salmonella typhimurium mutants, one SR- and one Ra form, led to a protection comparable to that obtained with S form bacteria. In contrast to the R-mutants, with Salmonella typhimurium S form a high degree of long-lasting protection was achieved already after a single immunization, and was not increased significantly by repeated injections. In animals immunized with Salmonella typhimurium S form the difference between non-lethal and 100% lethal challenge dose varied by a factor of 10 (one injection dose). In contrast, in animals immunized with Salmonella R mutants the above differences were more gradual extending over 3, 4 or more infection doses. This was also true for animals immunized with lower doses of S. typhimurium S form and for the non immunized control animals. For comparison the protective effect of heterologous Salmonella S forms and of E. coli R-mutants was studied. These were found to be less effective in affording protection to Salmonella typhimurium than the above Salmonella R forms. The various strains used for immunization may be placed in the following sequence in order of decreasing protection: Salmonella typhimurium S form, Salmonella R-mutants, heterologous Salmonella S forms, E. coli R mutants. In a parallel investigation the antibody inducing properties of Salmonella R mutants and heterologous Salmonella S forms were studied. In all cases homologous hemaglutinating antibodies to all the strains used for immunization were detectable. In immunization with Salmonella R mutants in addition to homologous titres, agglutinating antibodies to Salmonella typhimurium S form were also produced in significant amounts. There was, however, no correlation between the time of appearance of protection and that of appearance of antibodies nor between the hight of antibody titres and degree of protection. The detection of agglutinins to the infecting microorganisms represents therefore no valid criterium for the effectiveness of R mutants and heterologous Salmonella S forms as protective vaccines. From the present results it is concluded that in addition to the O antigen one or more further cell components exist which are involved in rendering animals immune to Salmonella typhimurium and probably also to other Salmonella S form bacteria. PMID- 44626 TI - [Studies on the serological manifestation of the hepatitis B-virus-infections in the Republic of Liberia (author's transl)]. AB - The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infections was examined in four groups from Liberia using radioimmunoassays for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc. At the age of 15-19 years 90% have been infected, at the age of 40 years 100%. In a rubber plantation 30% had HBsAg, in the remaining 3 groups only 13% were HBsAg-positive. In the first group onchocerciasis was also a more frequent finding. However the parasitic infection was not the cause of the HBs-antigenemia. The HBsAg concentration is mostly lower in the positive Liberians than in German HBsAg carriers. Apparently the HBV caused frequently latent infections with low production of viral antigens in Liberia. PMID- 44627 TI - [Bacteriological studies of the intestinal content of aquatic birds, fishes, and frogs with special reference to the presence of non-cholera vibrios (NCV) (author's transl)]. AB - In a screening study of surface waters, the authors were successful in culturing NCV in 2/3 of cases. Since these organisms are incapable of multiplication in open waters and yet were present in water samples in considerable amounts, it was postulated that they persisted in certain forms of aquatic life. To elucidate this question, the intestinal contents and in some cases, the bile of a total of 110 animals belonging to 17 different bird, fish, and frog species from different habitata were examined. From these animals, 51.8% were found to be carriers of NCV and 7.3%, of salmonella. Additionally, 4.5-15.5% were found to carry Aeromonas, Plesiomonas, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fish and frogs were found to offer NCV organisms possibilities to persist while migratory birds such as stock ducks import them even from tropical areas. When compared with the results of studies performed, salmonella carriers among Danube fish were found to have increased in number. PMID- 44628 TI - Serum IgG, IgA and IgM changes during infectious complications induced by facultative pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. AB - IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations were measured at 40 acute and 9 chronic patients continuously during complications induced by facultative pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, primarily by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On the basis of the results the sudden decrease of Ig concentrations at the onset of complications, during shock, and before death was, beside the consuming effect of antigen-antibody reactions, most probably a consequence of increased capillary permeability and haemodinamic disorders due to antigen-antibody reactions and the effect of endotoxin. It was conspicuous, that a correlation could be found between the concentration of IgM and the development or final outcome of the complications: IgM values in cases of lethal complications in the acute patients were essentially lower than in the other patients surviving severe complications, even at the early period of complications still without any clinical signs of the outcome. PMID- 44629 TI - Effects of alpha and beta adrenergic agonists and antagonists, on rat liver plasma membrane bound adenylate cyclase. PMID- 44630 TI - Fertility in treated cryptorchidism: evaluation during prepuberty and after puberty in surgically treated subjects. PMID- 44631 TI - IXth Hungarian Endocrinological Congress, Szeged, July 2--4, 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 44632 TI - Flunitrazepam versus placebo premedication for minor surgery. AB - The clinical effects of oral flunitrazepam (2 mg on the night before operation followed by 2 mg on the morning of operation) and placebo as premedicants were tested in a double-blind study in 81 gynaecological patients. The separate or total concentrations of flunitrazepam and its demethylated metabolite in plasma (measured by gas chromatography) were correlated with the clinical effects of flunitrapam premedication, assessed both sugjectively and objectively. In most parameters tested (sleep on the night before operation, sedation, apprehension, headache, pulse rate), there was a positive, significant difference between the flunitrazepam group (n = 44) and the placebo group (n = 37). No significant difference was found between the two groups in emetic effect, excitement, systolic blood pressure increase, and vene-puncture, but the patients receiving flunitrazepam felt significantly more dizziness. The temperature of the left forefinger before, during and after the anaesthesia did not vary significantly between the two groups. There was no correlation between the plasma concentration of flunitrazepam and its demethylated metabolite (separate or total concentrations) and any of the parameters tested before induction of anaesthesia. Flunitrazepam is a new oral premedicant with prominent sedative and anxiolytic actions. When the drug is given as a sedative on the night before operation, followed by a second dose on the morning of operation, the beneficial effects last for at least 8 hours after the second dose. PMID- 44633 TI - European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition. 12th Annual Meeting, London, England, May 10--11, 1979. PMID- 44634 TI - Thiophene-containing potentially neuroleptic rigid spiroamines. I. On the synthesis and metalation of some benzocycloheptathiophenes. PMID- 44635 TI - Thiophene-containing potentially neuroleptic rigid spiroamines. II. Synthesis of some N,N-dimethylamino-substituted spiro[H-cyclohepta[2,1-b;4,5-b]dithiophene 9,1'-cycloalkanes]. PMID- 44636 TI - Thiophene-containing potentially neuroleptic rigid spiroamines. III. On the synthesis of 2-chloro-8,9-dihydro-N,N,6-trimethylspiro[4H-cyclohepta[1,2-b;4,5 b']dithiophene-4,1'-[2]cyclohexen]-4'-amine and its 2',3'-dihydro derivative. PMID- 44637 TI - Ganglionic blocking effect of some antibiotics on isolated rat sympathetic ganglion. AB - It was shown on the isolated superior cervical ganglion of the rat that some antiobiotics exerted a blocking effect nearly as potent as that exhibited by hexamethonium or d-turbocurarine. The ganglionic blockade thus induced proved to be non-specific and due to the local anaesthetic effect of the tested drugs. PMID- 44638 TI - Disturbances in electrolyte transport in UO2++ ion intoxication - model studies on the preliminary stage of toxic acute renal failure. I. The effect of uranyl acetate on epithelial tissue in vitro. PMID- 44639 TI - Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Commission for Electron Microscopy. Committee of Cell Pathophysiology of the Medical Section of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Oles'nica, 5-7 October, 1978. PMID- 44640 TI - Neurological plasticity, recovery from brain insult, and child development. PMID- 44641 TI - Activation of macrophages assessed by in vivo and in vitro tests. PMID- 44642 TI - Adenosine kinase: regulation by substrates, magnesium and pH. PMID- 44643 TI - Adenosine deaminase conversion proteins: a potential role. PMID- 44644 TI - Increases in purine excretion and rate of synthesis by drugs inhibiting IMP dehydrogenase or adenylosuccinate synthetase activities. PMID- 44645 TI - [The pneumocephalus in cranio-cerebral trauma (author's transl)]. AB - The accident surgeon is often surprised to see unusual intracranial translucencies on X-ray films of persons with skull injuries. Inexperienced physicians are often unable to immediately identify these translucencies as air enclosures in the intracranial cavity. Physicians not acquainted with pneumoencephalography commonly employed so far in neurological examinations will find it difficult to recognize in the accumulated air the contours of the ventricular, cerebral convolution and cisternal systems. Hence, the relatively rare event of air penetrating into the intracranial space as a result of an injury, is described here on the basis of two of our patients. PMID- 44646 TI - [Injuries of stomach (author's transl)]. AB - Rupture of the stomach occurs in between 0.8 to 1.7% of cases of blunt trauma of the abdomen. Isolated injuries of the stomach are rare, we have found 62 cases in the medical literature. In most cases (59--75%) the injured stomach was full. Diagnosis is by means of clinical symptoms, X-ray, and peritoneal lavage. Therapy consists of operative oversewing and possible application of anastomosis. Three of our cases are described and the literature is reviewed. The mortality rate is 32%. PMID- 44647 TI - [Experiences in the treatment of gas gangrene in accident surgery (author's transl)]. AB - It is reported on 105 patients with gas gangrene. 68 cases were caused by accident, 7 of them died. Only the gas chromatographic identification of toxin in blood was needed to assure diagnosis. In 46 cases of gas gangrene localized in the lower limbs, amputation was necessary in 12 cases; in 5 cases gangrene in the lower leg, in 7 cases in the thigh. In ten cases of disease in the upper limbs three amputations were necessary. If OHP is implicated as soon as possible in the therapy of gas gangrene, in most cases local necrectomy with maintenance of the limb will be sufficient, if amputation was necessary, it was localized in the region of infection. PMID- 44648 TI - [Delayed splenic rupture (author's transl)]. AB - Splenic rupture is a common injury associated with blunt abdominal trauma. In contrast, delayed splenic rupture is less frequent and comprises about 8--28% of cases of splenic rupture. The symptom free period can last for days or weeks. The mechanism is explained as follows. A rupture of the parenchyma occurs but the spleen capsula remains intact. A hematoma forms below the capsule and causes a strong overdistension of the capsule so that a bursting and release of blood into the abdominal cavity results. The mortality rate with splenic ruptures in 6--55% and with delayed splenic ruptures 14.6%. Our experiences are reviewed. After commencement of the hemorrhage therapy must consist of treatment for shock and immediate laparotomy and splenectomy. PMID- 44649 TI - [On the problem of industrial accidents under drug influence (author's transl)]. AB - Industrial accidents resulting from technical defects have decreased in the last eights because of improved safety precautions. In contrast, accidents resulting from "human error" are increasing steadily. Toxicological urine analysis for drugs--directed mainly at soporifics, sedatives, tranquilizers, and pain relievers--on 84 patients involved in industrial accidents yielded the following results. 1. Drugs were identified in 44 patients (= 52%). 2. In 13.4 patients, more than one drug was identified (= 16%). 3. Only five of the 44 patients admitted on being questioned that they had taken drugs (= 10%). On the other hand, in a control group of 47 persons who and not suffered any accident, drugs were detected in 19 cases (= 40%). The results show that the physician will have to take into account that healthy and efficient persons, too, are very often likely to practise drug abuse. It must be considered probable that this helps to promote accidents. Medical prescription, especially of neuroleptics and psychotropics, as well as of sedatives, should be practiced more. PMID- 44650 TI - [Olecranon fractures. A retrospective examination of surgically treated fractures (author's transl)]. AB - Retrospective examination of 27 patients with olecranon fractures who had undergone surgical treatment showed that--in agreement with theoretical considerations--osteosynthesis via tension wiring, although suitable for proximal fractures, is unsuitable for fractures of a more distal nature. A different method must be employed for distal fractures. Additional plaster immobilisation does not exercise any influence on consolidation, nor does it affect functional rehabilitation. PMID- 44651 TI - [Concerning the double-side traumatic hip dislocation (author's transl)]. AB - The double-side posttraumatic dislocation of the hip of a 17 year old moped rider is in order to discuss our concept of treatment of hip-dislocation without fracture. The result of the 2-years check-up is reported. PMID- 44652 TI - [The femoral head prosthesis as exceptional indication for pertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 44653 TI - [The role of marginal fractures in the prognosis of ankle fractures (author's transl)]. AB - Based on review examination of 224 patients 5 years after their ankle fractures, the authors demonstrate a significant worsening of prognosis with fractures of the anterior or posterior tibial margin. In cases without marginal fractures severe late X-ray, or clinical changes remained less than 4%, in cases with small marginal fractures their number was under 20%, with great articular surface fractures however over 30%. The unfavourable trend becomes evident even in marginal fractures not extending to the articular surface or involving only a minor part of it. It is concluded, that a dislocating force in the sagittal direction is more damaging for the joint than a force acting in the lateral direction. PMID- 44654 TI - [Bilateral rupture of the quadriceps tendon, a rare disease pattern (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on the rare bilateral rupture of the quadriceps tendon. This tendon will rupture more readily after it has undergone a degenerative change. A distinctly noticeable pit, which may be masked by a haematoma, is clinically prominent, as well as an absolute active inhibition of stretching and an abnormal lateral mobility of the patella. Immediate repair is the method of choice. The article describes the method of operation. PMID- 44655 TI - [The unstable thorax and its treatment (review of the literature)]. PMID- 44656 TI - [Thoracic injuries and their treatment (review of the literature)]. PMID- 44657 TI - Utilization of the perfused stomach in anaesthetized rats to study the inhibitory effect of somatostatin in gastric acid secretion. AB - The perfused stomach in the anaesthetized rat was used to investigate the action of somatostatin on the gastric acid secretion stimulated by gastrin, histamine and carbamylcholine. Evidence is produced that somatostatin competitively inhibits gastrin-stimulated acid secretion whereas it inhibits carbamylcholine stimulated acid secretion by a mechanism which is non-competitive in nature and it has no action on histamine-stimulated secretion. The model of the persued stomach in the anaesthetized rat seems suitable to study the inhibition caused by drug on stimulated acid secretion. PMID- 44658 TI - Effect of histamine and stress on the gastric mucosal Ca2+ content during the development of gastric ulcers. AB - The influence of histamine, its triazole derivative (3-beta-aminoethyl-1,2,4 triazole) and immobilization stress on the gastric mucosal Ca2+ content during the development of gastric ulcers in guinea pigs and rats was investigated. A considerable fall in the concentration of Ca2+ in gastric tissues of guinea pigs after administration of histamine 0.25 mg/kg, down to 80% (8.0 mumol/g), its derivative (1 mg/kg) to 72% (7.2 mucol/g) and stress to 76% (7.6 mumol/g) was recorded by atomic absorption-spectrophotometric techniques, while the calcium level in the controls stood at 9.9 mumole/g. Similar changes (90-65%) were seen in the blood plasma. In rats, the Ca2+-decreasing effects of stress ran closely parallel with increasing ulceration, and depended on the duration of stress. The immobilization of rats evoked a slight rise in the Na+ content of the gastric tissues. After 4 h immobilization, the tissue concentration of Na+ was increased to 116% of control levels. Cimetidine (100 mumol kg-1 more than 50% inhibited the development of gastric ulcers and prevented the change in Ca2+ concentration ions. Thus, the data suggest that Ca2+ ions take part not only in the regulation of secretion, but also in stress tissue dystrophy. PMID- 44659 TI - Histamine H1- and H2- receptor antagonists reduce histamine-induced increases in vascular permeability and oedema formation in cat skeletal muscle. AB - Intra-arterial fusions of histamine cause vasodilation of resistance vessels, extravasation of albumin and oedema in cat skeletal muscle. Treatment with either mepyramine or metiamide significantly reduced the extravasation of albumin and rate of oedema formation. The doses of mepyramine and metiamide used did not modify the vascular responses to bradykinin. PMID- 44660 TI - [Immunogenetic studies on various ocular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 44661 TI - Listeriosis in sheep. Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from grass silage. PMID- 44662 TI - Stability in Newcastle disease virus-infected cells of HN protein which lost its functional activity under conditions of protein synthesis inhibition by cycloheximide. AB - Chick embryo cell cultures were infected with Newcastle disease virus (strains Italia, Beaudette and B1), labelled with 14C-amino acids from 5 to 6 hr post infection (p.i.), incubated in chase conditions from 6 to 10 hr p.i. in the presence or absence of cycloheximide (100 microgram/ml) and analyzed by slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. In chase experiments the HN protein was stable in all three strains. The haemagglutinating activity of cell homogenates was greatly reduced after the addition of cycloheximide in tests with Beaudette and B1 strains; treatment of the homogenates with neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae did not influence this effect. PMID- 44663 TI - The effect of antibody on latent pseudorabies virus infection in vitro. AB - Cytosine arabinoside (Ara C) inhibited the synthesis of pseudorabies virus when Vero cells were infected at a multiplicity of infection of 0.0001-0.05 PFU per cell. On removal of Ara C, infectious virus reappeared after a latent period of 3 5 days. The activation of latent virus was not influenced by elevating the temperature to 40 degrees C at the time of Ara C removal but it was prevented by antiviral antibody. When antiviral IgG was added into the culture fluid of cells either during the incubation with Ara C, or after removal of the inhibitor, the number of infectious centres was reduced to about 10%. The role of antiviral IgG in the maintenance of latency is discussed. PMID- 44664 TI - Influence of preincubation of primary dog kidney cell cultures on the multiplication of attenuated mumps virus. AB - An attenuated mumps virus strain multiplied in primary dog kidney cells to significantly higher titres in cultures preincubated for 1-5 weeks at 20-25 degrees C before inoculation as compared with cultures infected immediately after their growth became confluent. The nature of this phenomenon is discussed. PMID- 44665 TI - Squamous metaplasia of the lung alveolar epithelium in mice after influenza virus infection. AB - Metaplasia of the lung alveolar epithelium was observed in mice challenged with influenza virus after previous infection, and in mice repeatedly infected. Immunological factors are suggested to contribute to the development of the process. PMID- 44666 TI - Antiviral effect of 3-[bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino]-acetophenone-[4,5-diphenyl oxyazolyl-(2)]hydrazone (IMET 98/69) in mice. AB - The potential in vivo antiviral activity of 3-[bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino] acetophenone-[4,5-diphenyl-oxazolyl-(2)]-hydrazone (IMET 98/69) was evaluated on model infections in mice. Animals treated subcutaneously (s.c.) with 1 mmole of the drug per kg body weight once daily for five days were significantly protected against a lethal infection with cardioviruses, Semliki forest virus and vaccinia virus. In influenza A and B virus models no antiviral activity was observed either after s.c. or oral treatment. PMID- 44667 TI - Serological evidence of H1 influenza virus infection among Japanese hogs. AB - Classical H1 influenza firus infection among Japanese hogs was confirmed in 1978 by serological examination. Of 820 swine sera collected from July 1977 to February 1979 in Miyagi Prefecture, northern Japan, six sera were found to contain haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies to the A/FM/1/47 (H1N1) strain. Of the six sera, one showed a significant high HI antibody titre, which was classified as IgM, to the FM1 strain, but not the other H1N1 variants. These results strongly suggest that hogs may carry an old type of H1 influenza virus. The possible role of pigs as a reservoir of human pandemic influenza strains is discussed. PMID- 44668 TI - Nicolae Cajal--60th anniversary. PMID- 44669 TI - Effect of terbutaline, a beta 2-adrenergic receptor stimulating compound, on cutaneous reponses to histamine, allergen, compound 48/80, and trypsin. AB - The beta-adrenoceptor stimulating agent terbutaline (2 ng-2 microgram) injected intradermally in eight atopic subjects produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the skin reactions induced by subsequently injected allergen. After injection of 0.5 microgram terbutaline inhibition of the flare and weal responses was demonstrable throughout the observation period of 90 min. The flare response induced by histamine, the histamine liberator compound 48/80 and the proteolytic enzyme trypsin was not inhibited by terbutaline in the doses used, suggesting a selective action of terbutaline on the allergen-induced response. The weal response elicited by histamine and compound 48/80 was slightly reduced by 2 microgram terbutaline. It is suggested that pretreatment of the skin with terbutaline interferes with the ability of the cutaneous mast cells to respond to challenge with allergen and that terbutaline produces this effect in doses lower than those needed to counteract the permeability increasing effect of released mediator substances. PMID- 44670 TI - [Use and abuse of benzodiazepines]. PMID- 44671 TI - Slow-release metoprolol in angina pectoris. A comparative study of a cardioselective beta-blocking drug, metoprolol, in ordinary and slow-release tablets (Durules) in the treatment of angina pectoris. AB - A double-blind cross-over study was undertaken to compare the effects of ordinary metoprolol tablets (tablets) 0.1 g b.i.d. and metoprolol slow-release tablets (Durules) 0.2 g once daily in 16 patients with angina pectoris. Initially, the patients were treated with placebo for 2 weeks, and then during the cross-over periods with either 1 tablet morning and evening or 1 Durules in the morning and 1 placebo in the evening. Standardized bicycle ergometer exercise tests with heart rate and blood pressure measurements were performed 2 hours after placebo, 2 hours after tablets and Durules, 12 hours after tablets and 24 hours after Durules. The patients kept diaries of their anginal attacks throughout the study. There were no statistically significant differences in total work between tablets and Durules when the values at 12 hours and 24 hours were compared. However, total work was significantly greater at 2 hours and at 12 hours after tablets and 24 hours after Durules than after placebo. Heart rate and systolic blood pressure during exercise were significantly decreased 24 hours after Durules compared to placebo. The heart rate was, however, lower 12 hours after tablets than 24 hours after Durules (p less than 0.05), although this slight difference in the degree of beta-blockade did not seem to be of clinical importance in these patients. PMID- 44672 TI - [4th National Meeting of the Spanish Association of Pharmacologists and 1st Meeting of the Hispano-Portuguese Society of Pharmacology]. PMID- 44673 TI - [Comparative study of the pharmacological activity of N-(4-picolyl)-3,5 dimethylbenzamide (M-14012-4) and its N-oxide metabolite (M-3312-4). New pharmacological aspects]. PMID- 44674 TI - [Variations in the conformation of adrenaline as a function of pH]. PMID- 44675 TI - [Experimental microthrombosis]. PMID- 44676 TI - Selective papers from the 3rd annual meeting of Latin-American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition--April, 1978 [Abstracts]. PMID- 44677 TI - The mode of action and complications of Infant Gaviscon. PMID- 44678 TI - The beta-adrenolytic component of antifibrillatory agents. Its therapeutic significance. AB - The anti-fibrillatory ED50-values of a series of agents were determined. Upon administration of the agents in this ED50-dose (all agents then being equieffective in their antifibrillatory action) various side effects of each of them were quantitatively measured. The measured side effects were: the negative inotropic and chronotropic action, the conduction retarding, refractory period prolonging, excitability decreasing and ectopic automaticity depressing action. The substrate for these measurements was the isolated perfused rat heart. The series of agents tested consisted of a group possessing a beta-adrenolytic component and a group in which this component was absent. We compared quantitatively the side effects induced by the one group with those induced by the other. Differences were found in their influence on contractility and conductivity but not in their influence on the other parameters. The results obtained do not support the expectation that a beta-adrenolytic component will enlarge the therapeutic range of an antifibrillatory agent. PMID- 44679 TI - [Obstruction of the supra-aortic trunks associated with anomalies of coronary circulation: description of a clinical case]. PMID- 44680 TI - A spin label study of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The topography of the active sites of native horseradish peroxidase and manganic horseradish peroxidase has been studied with the aid of a spin-labeled analog of benzhydroxamic acid (N-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrroline-3-carboxy)-p aminobenzhydroxamic acid). The optical spectra of complexes between the spin labeled analog of benzhydroxamic acid and Fe3+ or Mn3+ horseradish peroxidase resembled the spectra of the corresponding enzyme complexes with benzhydroxamic acid. Electron spin resonance (ESR) measurement indicated that at pH 7 the nitroxide moiety of the spin-labeled analog of benzhydroxamic acid became strongly immobilized when this label bound to either ferric or manganic horseradish peroxidase. The titration of horseradish peroxidase with the spin labeled analog of benzhydroxamic acid revealed a single binding site with association constant Ka approximately 4.7 . 10(5) M-1. Since the interaction of ligands (e.g. F-, CN-) and H2O2 with horseradish peroxidase was found to displace the spin label, it was concluded that the spin label did not indeed bind to the active site of horseradish peroxidase. At alkaline pH values, the high spin iron of native horseradish peroxidase is converted to the low spin form and the binding of the spin-labeled analog of benzhydroxamic acid to horseradish peroxidase is completely inhibited. From the changes in the concentration of both bound and free spin label with pH, the pK value of the acid-alkali transition of horseradish peroxidase was found to be 10.5. The 2Tm value of the bound spin label varied inversely with temperature, reaching a value of 68.25 G at 0 degree C and 46.5 G at 52 degrees C. The dipolar interaction between the iron atom and the free radical accounted for a 12% decrease in the ESR signal intensity of the spin label bound to horseradish peroxidase. From this finding, the minimum distance between the iron atom and nitroxide group and hence a lower limit to the depth of the heme pocket of horseradish peroxidase was estimated to be 22 A. PMID- 44681 TI - Four-fold structural repeat in the acid proteases. AB - The observation that the acid proteases contain two structurally equivalent lobes related by a dyad through the active centre has been extended to show that in endothiapepsin each lobe contains two similar halves related by a further local dyad. In lobe 1 22 pairs of alpha-carbons are equivalent with a root mean square deviation of 1.92 A. In lobe 2 17 pairs match within 2.31 A. Convergent evolution or gene quadruplication may have occurred. PMID- 44682 TI - [Purification, properties and regulation of urocaninase from rat liver]. AB - Urocaninase (EC 4.2.1.4.9) from rat liver homogenate has been purified, using protein precipitation at pH 4,8, ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel-filtration through Sephadex G-200 and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Upon DEAE-cellulose chromatography urocaninase is separated from the proteins possessing the activity of 3',5'-AMP-dependent protein kinase. The purified enzyme becomes activated after addition of ATP and exogenous protein kinase or one of the fractions resulting from DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Using [gamma-32P]ATP, it has been shown that such activation is accompanied by incorporation of at least one phosphate residue into the enzyme molecule. The mol. weight of urocaninase as determined by gel-filtration is about 110 000. The Km value for urocanate is 15 . 10(-6) M, the isoelectric point lies at 5,6. The mechanism of regulation of the urocaninase activity in rat liver is discussed. PMID- 44683 TI - [Microsomal hemoprotein reduction by superoxide radical formed on NADPH-specific flavoprotein]. AB - The superoxide radicals formed on NADPH-specific flavoprotein of liver microsomes can reduce cytochromes c, b5, and P-450. This reaction is inhibited under aerobic conditions by a low molecular weight analog of superoxide dismutase, e.g. the copper-tyrosine complex. The inhibitory effect of the complex is not observed under anaerobic conditions. Based on the results obtained a scheme of the electron transfer between the flavoprotein and haemoproteins involving superoxide radicals is proposed. PMID- 44684 TI - Extent and patterns of drug abuse among children in Malaysia. AB - A field survey, based on a representative sample of children aged 12 to 16 years was carried out in three different areas of Malaysia. The data derived from the study have revealed that 10.5 per cent of them used drugs for non-medical reasons. Drug use was more common among boys (11.9 per cent) than girls (8.6 per cent). The highest frequency of drug was found in the youngest group--12-year-old children (13.5 per cent). The use of barbiturate and/or non-barbiturate sedatives (5.5 per cent) ranked first. This was followed in descending order by tranquillizers (4.5 per cent), simultants/amphetamines (3.9 per cent), heroin (3.6 per cent), morphine and/or opium (3.9 per cent), the hallucinogens (3.1 per cent) and cannabis (2.7 per cent). PMID- 44685 TI - Amphetamines in the management of children's hyperkinesis. PMID- 44686 TI - [Thrombosis of both carotid arteries, arterial hypotension and cancer of the pancreas]. PMID- 44687 TI - Abstracts of papers presented by members of the Genetics Society of Canada at the twenty-fourth annual meeting in conjunction with the Genetics Society of America and the American society of naturalists. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta August 20-22, 1979. PMID- 44688 TI - Responses of pulmonary and systemic circulations of perinatal goats to prostaglandin F2 alpha. PMID- 44689 TI - Effects of pH on K depolarization and contracture in frog muscles. AB - Membrane potential changes and mechanical tension provoked by 20 or 80 mM K at pH 8.0 or 4.5 were measured in muscle fiber bundles from Rana temporaria and Rana esculenta. The bathing solution contained Cl as the main anion. Low pH increased the depolarizing efficiency of high K to about the same degree in muscles of both species of frogs. The tension-[K] relationship was shifted toward lower [K] in muscles from R. temporaria and toward higher [K] in muscles from R. esculenta. It was concluded that the depolarization-contraction coupling was insensitive to pH changes in the former but not in the latter frog species. PMID- 44690 TI - [Albumin suspensions labelled with generator radionuclides technetium-99m and indium-113m. I. Technology and quality characteristics of a non-radioactive albumin suspension]. PMID- 44691 TI - [Some aspects of the antagonism between GAL-I and isoproterenol]. PMID- 44692 TI - Multiple dopamine receptors. Proceedings of a workshop at the Ninth Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting, Atlanta, Georgia, November 1979. PMID- 44693 TI - Dopamine autoreceptors: pharmacology, function and comparison with post-synaptic dopamine receptors. PMID- 44694 TI - Clinical evidence for multiple dopamine receptors in man. PMID- 44695 TI - [On the acid-base-balance in experimental ruminal acidosis and alkalosis in cattle (author's transl)]. PMID- 44697 TI - Paramedicals in health care. PMID- 44696 TI - Lysinoalanine formation in alkali-treated proteins and model peptides. PMID- 44698 TI - Recommendations of the Indo-American Symposium on Mental Retardation, New Delhi, India: March 11 and 12, 1979. Cosponsored by the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India, and the Mental Retardation Institute of New York, Medical College, New York, U.S.A. PMID- 44699 TI - Effect of colony type and pH on surface charge and hydrophobicity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The effect of colonial variation and growth at pH 7.2 or pH 6.0 on the surface properties of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was assessed by the use of two-phase partitioning and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Cells grown at pH 7.2 tended to be both hydrophobic and to possess a slight negative charge. Growth at pH 6.0 appeared to decrease hydrophobicity and to increase the negative surface charge. Possession of a series of outer membrane proteins, termed the colony opacity-associated proteins, did not appear to significantly affect charge or hydrophobicity. Piliated cells tended to have a higher negative charge than nonpiliated variants. They also tended to be less hydrophobic at pH 7.2, but became more hydrophobic at pH 6.0. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 44700 TI - Effect of iron on surface charge and hydrophobicity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The effect of iron concentration during growth on the physicochemical surface properties of the colonial variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been assessed by aqueous two-phase partitioning in a dextran-polyethyleneglycol system containing positively charged trimethylamino-polyethyleneglycol or hydrophobic polyethyleneglycol-palmitate. The complex effects of iron, in combination with other variables known to affect surface charge and hydrophobicity, have provided some clues as to the properties of the gonococcal surface that are important in promoting virulence. PMID- 44701 TI - Factors influencing adherence of group B streptococci to human vaginal epithelial cells. AB - Factors affecting the adherence of group B streptococci to human vaginal epithelial cells in vitro were examined. Maximal adherence was achieved within 15 min of incubation of bacteria with epithelial cells. Adherence was temperature and pH dependent; maximal adherence occurred at 37 degrees C and pH 5.5. Killing of streptococci with ultraviolet light or penicillin did not affect adherence. Similarly, adherence was not altered by preincubating epithelial cells at 65 degrees C for 30 min. Thus neither bacterial nor epithelial cell viability appears to be a prerequisite for adherence. Preincubation of streptococci at 65 degrees C for 30 min resulted in a marked decrease in adherence, whereas preincubation of group B streptococci with neuraminidase was associated with a significant increase in adherence. The adherence of strains belonging to five different group B streptococcal serotypes was not altered by group-specific or type-specific rabbit antisera. These findings suggest that the site for adherence on the bacterial cell wall is heat sensitive and is marked by sialic acid, but is not related to either group-specific or type-specific antigens. PMID- 44702 TI - In vitro adherence of radioactively labeled Escherichia coli in normal and cystitis-prone females. AB - Numerous investigators report data obtained using an in vitro quantitative assay for measuring bacterial adherence to epithelial cells. We found this assay to contain significant sources of error in the large variation in number of bacteria bound per cell and in the dependence on the investigator's visual counting of bacteria bound per cell. In the modified assay described here, we eliminated the need for visual counting of bacteria by incorporating the use of radioactively labeled Escherichia coli. This allowed quantitation of bacterial adherence to as many as 50,000 vaginal cells, whereas the visual counting system limits the determination to perhaps 50 cells. We feel that the use of radioactively labeled bacteria in place of the visual counting system increases the validity and sensitivity of this assay. Using the modified method, we found no statistically significant differences among values for adherence of E. coli type 04 to the vaginal cells of control and cystitis-prone women at either pH 6.4 or 4.0. PMID- 44703 TI - Mannose-sensitive interaction of Escherichia coli with human peripheral leukocytes in vitro. AB - The ability of Escherichia coli which possess or lack mannose-sensitive adherence factors (adhesins) to associate with human peripheral leukocytes in vitro in the absence of serum was studied. E. coli 19+, which have mannose-sensitive adhesins, were derived from E. coli strain 19 by culturing in static Trypticase soy broth at 37 degrees C. E. coli 19-, which lack mannose-sensitive adhesins, were derived from E. coli 19 by culturing in agitated Trypticase soy broth at 30 degrees C. E. coli 19+ attached to leukocytes and stimulated the release of lysozyme but not beta-glucuronidase or lactate dehydrogenase. In contrast, E. coli 19- showed poor attachment to the leukocytes and failed to stimulate lysosomal enzyme release. During a 60-min incubation with the leukocytes, the number of viable 19+ organisms decreased, whereas the number of viable 19- remained constant. Purified type 1 pili from E. coli 19+ agglutinated the leukocytes but did not stimulate lysosomal enzyme release. Pretreatment of leukocytes with type 1 pili failed to prevent the adherence of E. coli 19+. The association of 19+ with leukocytes and subsequent release of lysozyme could be blocked by alpha-methyl-D-mannoside but not by equivalent concentrations of dextrose and sucrose. These results show that mannose-sensitive adhesins on E. coli mediate association of the organisms with leukocytes in the absence of serum components. The identity of the adhesins involved in leukocyte association has yet to be determined. PMID- 44704 TI - Human monocyte killing of Staphylococcus aureus: modulation by agonists of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate. AB - This study was designed to test whether cyclic nucleotides play a role in the regulation of bacterial killing by human monocytes. Agents were tested for their ability to activate monocyte adenylate or guanylate cyclase in cell-free preparations, to increase cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) or cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) in intact human monocytes, and to modulate monocyte-induced killing of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. Prostaglandin E1 and cholera toxin activated monocyte adenylate cyclase and inhibited monocyte killing of S. aureus. An adenylate cyclase inhibitor, RMI 12330A, reversed the prostaglandin E1-mediated inhibition of bacterial killing, thus implicating cAMP as the intracellular mediator of this inhibition. In contrast, monocyte cGMP levels were increased 5- and 17-fold by 5-hydroxytryptamine and N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, respectively, but neither agent was effective in modulating monocyte bactericidal activity. Thus, modulation of bactericidal activity in human monocytes did not conform to the yin/yang theory of opposing actions by cAMP and cGMP, for although monocyte-mediated killing of S. aureus was inhibited by cAMP agonists, it was not enhanced by cGMP agonists. PMID- 44705 TI - Quantitation of the adherence of an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to isolated rabbit intestinal brush borders. AB - Two assays were developed to quantitate the adherence of an Escherichia coli strain (RDEC-1) known to colonize the mucosal surface of the small intestine of rabbits to brush borders isolated from rabbit intestinal epithelial cells. In the first assay, the mean adherence per rabbit brush border was determined by counting the number of organisms adhering to each of 40 brush borders under phase microscopy. The mean adherence of RDEC-1 (11.5 +/- 0.7 per rabbit brush border) was significantly greater than adherence of two nonpathogenic strains: HS (2.7 +/ 0.4 per rabbit brush border) and 640 (0.8 +/- 0.1 per rabbit brush border). A similar distinction between the adherence of RDEC-1 and the control (nonadherent) organisms could be made more rapidly by determining the percentage of the total number of brush borders which had 10 or more adherent organisms; this second assay was used to define the optimum conditions for adherence. Maximum adherence was seen within 15 min. Adherence was temperature dependent, with adherence after 1 min at 37 degrees C being fourfold greater than that at 4 degrees C. The pH optimum for adherence was between 6.5 and 7.0, and adherence was abolished below pH 5.0. With the first, more sensitive assay, the effect of electrolytes and a number of hexoses and hexosamines on adherence was analyzed. RDEC-1 adherence was inhibited at high ionic strengths; however, adherence was not influenced at moderately high concentrations (20 mg/ml) by either d-mannose or l-fucose, in contrast to the case for other reported enteric pathogens. These two quantitative in vitro assays for adherence produce consistent results and have been used to partially characterize the adherence of RDEC-1 to rabbit brush borders. PMID- 44706 TI - Isoelectric focusing of Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - HeLa-229 cells and the elementary bodies of Chlamydia trachomatis had a net negative electrical surface charge at neutral pH when measured by isoelectric focusing. Inclusion-forming and non-inclusion-forming elementary bodies focused in one band at pI 4.64. PMID- 44707 TI - Hydrophobic high-performance liquid chromatography of hormonal polypeptides and proteins on alkylsilane-bonded silica. AB - Thirty-two hormonal polypeptides and nine proteins (8-65 kD) have been used to evaluate the potential of high-performance liquid chromatography on alkylsilane bonded silica for separating and recovering biologically active compounds of this type. The basic method used was gradient elution with acetonitrile in an acid phosphate buffer. Variation of key chromatographic parameters demonstrated that low pH (less than 4.0) and high buffer molarity (greater than 0.1 M) are mandatory for reproducible high efficiency polypeptide chromatography. Simple NaCl-HCl mixtures of appropriate acidity and molarity could be substituted for the acid phosphate buffer, with the advantage of minimising non-physiological ion contributions to eluted materials. Minor selective effects were noted with different organic modifiers, but variation of other parameters, including choice of specific alkylsilane packings, did not materially influence separations. Under optimal conditions all of the polypeptides tested could be efficiently chromatographed, and many simultaneously resolved, as could most of the proteins tested. Three of the more hydrophobic proteins could not, however, be eluted from the alkylsilane packings. Retention orders of smaller compounds (less than 15 residues) generally correlated with the sum of the Rekker fragmental constants of their strongly hydrophobic residues. Larger polypeptides showed numerous anomalies when ranked by this means, however, limiting its predictive value. The separation of at least eighteen discrete components from a partially-purified posterior pituitary extract has demonstrated the capability of alkylsilane-type reversed-phase packings for the hydrophobic high-performance liquid chromatography of complex biological mixtures. PMID- 44708 TI - Determination of sulthiame, tetrahydro-2-p-sulphamoyl-phenyl-2h-1,2-thiazine-1,1 dioxide, in plasma at therapeutic concentrations, using high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A specific and sensitive liquid chromatographic method for the determination of sulthiame in small (0.5 ml) plasma samples is described. After adding an internal standard, a direct extract of the sample is examined by reversed-phase liquid chromatography with ultraviolet spectrophotometric detection. The method is rapid, simple and capable of determining plasma levels after therapeutic ingestion of sulthiame. PMID- 44709 TI - Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation of 3,6 diacetylmorphine hydrochloride (heroin) and hydrolysis products. AB - The application of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography to the measurement of 3,6-diacetylmorphine (DAM) hydrochloride and its degradation products is described. This method has been applied to study the kinetics of the DAM hydrolysis at 26 +/- 0.1 degrees and 48 +/- 0.1 degrees. The hydrolysis of DAM involved a two-step first-order sequential mechanism between pH 3 and 8.6. The first-order rate constants of each step at all pH levels have been determined. The pH rate profile was constructed from kinetic measurements and demonstrated that stability of DAM hydrochloride solutions was optimal at pH 4.3. This information is being applied to the development of parenteral dosage forms of DAM hydrochloride. PMID- 44710 TI - Separation of drugs by high-performance liquid chromatography with porous polymer resins. AB - The separation of cold drugs and neuroleptics by high-performance liquid chromatogarphy with the porous polymer resin DVB-MCL-O (or 11-30-0), which is a styrene-divinylbenzene-methyl methacrylate copolymer substituted with hydroxymethyl groups, was studied. This copolymer was compared with the commercial porous polymers Hitachi gel 3011, 3011-0 and 3030. A very small theoretical plate height was obtained by using DVB-MCL-O and methanol-ammonia solution (99:1) as the stationary and mobile phases, respectively. This combination was found to be the most suitable for the rapid separation of condensed aromatic ring compounds. PMID- 44711 TI - Displacement electrophoresis in gel as a technique for separating proteins on a preparative scale. AB - A preparative displacement electrophoresis apparatus has been developed for the fractionation of proteins and other macromolecules. The separation is carried out down a vertical annular gel which is supported by a cylindrical glass cooler. The gel is protected from evaporation by a heavy inert insulating liquid with the terminating electrolyte floating on it. Very high potential drops and instabilities in the terminating electrolyte are avoided by continuously lowering the level of the inert liquid during the course of the separation. Fluorescent mobility markers have been synthesized, which make it possible to follow the progress of the separation and to divide the gel into fractions, once the separation is complete. PMID- 44712 TI - Sensitive gas chromatographic method for the determination in blood and urine of SL 75212 [4-(2-cyclopropylmethoxyethyl)-1-phenoxy-3-isopropylaminopropan-2-ol], a new beta 1 adrenoceptor blocking agent. PMID- 44714 TI - Fourth International Symposium on Column Liquid, Chromatography, Boston, Mass. (U.S.A.), May 7-10, 1979. PMID- 44713 TI - Synthesis of highly diversified carrier ampholytes. Evaluation of the resolving power of isoelectric focusing in the Pi system (alpha-1-antitrypsin genetic polymorphism). AB - The use of condensing reagents such as epoxypropanol, diepoxyoctane, acrylamide and N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide in the synthesis of carrier ampholytes increased the diversity of amphoteric components. The quality of these synthetic carrier ampholytes has been tested in the separation of variants of alpha-1-anti-trypsin, a genetic polymorphism called the Pi system. A resolving power of the order of 0.005 pH unit was obtained. PMID- 44715 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of amino acids, peptides and proteins. XX. Investigation of the effects of pH and ion-pair formation on the retention of peptides on chemically-bonded hydrocarbonaceous stationary phases. PMID- 44716 TI - Fourteenth International Symposium on Advances in Chromatography, Lausanne (Switzerland), September 24-28, 1979. PMID- 44717 TI - Analysis of therapeutic and commonly abused drugs in serum and urine by gas liquid chromatography using a photoionization detector. AB - A simple, rapid and sensitive gas chromatographic procedure using the photoionization detector (PID) was developed for the detection and quantitation of several drugs in serum and urine. In order to evaluate the performance of the PID, the results were compared with those of the flame-ionization detector (FID). The data indicate that the PID is 8-16 times more sensitive than the FID for the drugs studied in the barbiturate group. Excellent reproducibility was found for samples quantitated with the PID on a routine basis. The PID and FID produced statistically similar results on extracted serum samples. The correlation coefficient was 0.99. The PID also produced chromatograms with less background than those obtained with the FID for many extracted serum samples. The advantages of the PID for drug analysis in biological fluids include simplicity of operation, lack of solvent response, universal drug response, non-destructive character and stability. PMID- 44718 TI - In vitro metabolism of permethrin isomers by carp and rainbow trout liver microsomes. PMID- 44719 TI - A study of the effects of nicotine in the intact dog and the propensity for arrhythmias. AB - This is a study of the effects of nicotine exposure in the intact dog on the propensity for arrhythmias. The mean effective and total refractory periods were prolonged after nicotine. The diastolic current threshold was increased after nicotine in every animal, yet the threshold for repetitive firing was decreased in four animals, all of which had individually prolonged relative refractory periods. We conclude that nicotine may increase the propensity for arrhythmias when an appropriately timed premature stimulus, of sufficient strength, encounters a ventricle with sufficient dispersion of refractoriness to allow re entrant arrhythmias to be sustained. PMID- 44720 TI - Influence of indicating enzyme reaction on apparent creatine kinase activity creatine kinase in serum, VII. AB - Comparison of the indicative systems yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/NADP+, leuconostoc glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/NADP+ and leuconostoc glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/NAD+ showed excellent correlation and no differences in apparent creatine kinase activity with the two methods using NADP+. By using NAD+ with the leuconostoc enzyme enzyme relative recovery of apparent creatine kinase activity is lower due to interference of other serum constituents. The mean value of the relative differences versus methods using NADP+ was 5.8% in our experiments. PMID- 44721 TI - Fluorometric assay of the arylsulphatases in human urine. AB - A method is described which differentiates arylsulphatase A and arylsulphatase B in human urine. 4-Methylumbelliferyl sulphate serves as the substrate, and silver ions are used to inhibit arylsulphatase A activity. Using fresh urine it is possible to obtain separate values for arylsulphatase A and B when both are present, thus providing a diagnostic test for metachromatic leucodystrophy. PMID- 44722 TI - [Proceedings of the 72nd annual meeting of the Formosan Medical Association (author's transl)]. PMID- 44723 TI - [Identification of urinary metabolites of befunolol in dog and man principally by mass spectrometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 44724 TI - Studies on the permeability of the glutamate receptor at the insect neuromuscular junction. AB - Voltage clamp studies of the post-synaptic membrane of the locust neuromuscular junction have shown that the transmitter substance and L-glutamate cause an approximately equal increase in permeability to sodium and potassium. The changes in reversal potential caused by altering external potassium, but not external sodium, were similar to those predicted by the Goldman equation. The ionic channels of the glutamate receptor had a high permeability to a variety of inorganic and organic cations, indicating relatively non-selective channels of size approximately 0.6 x 0.4 nm. PMID- 44725 TI - Glutamatergic synapses and glutamate receptors on locust muscle. PMID- 44726 TI - Glutamate potential : differences from the excitatory junctional potential revealed by diltiazem and concanavalin A in crayfish neuromuscular junction. AB - 1. The effect of diltiazem and concanavalin A (Con A) on the crayfish neuromuscular junction was investigated in order to compare the action of L glutamate with that of the excitatory transmitter. 2. When diltiazem (0.3 nM) was added to the perfusion fluid, the iontophoretic glutamate potential was reduced to about half, whereas the amplitude of excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) increased by about two times. 3. Dose-response curves of L-glutamate suggested that diltiazem acted in a non-competitive manner. The decrease in amplitude of the glutamate potential caused by diltiazem was not due to the acceleration of desensitization of the glutamate receptor. 4. The increase in amplitude of EJPs caused by diltiazem was due to the increase in membrane resistance. The quantal content and size of extracellular EJPs were not affected by diltiazem. 5. In normal saline, bath application of glutamate decreased the amplitude of both glutamate potentials and EJPs because of desensitization of the glutamate receptor. The decrease in amplitude of the glutamate potential was completely prevented by previous application of Con A (10(-6) M). On the other hand, Con A had no influence on the decrease in amplitude of EJPs. 6. Some possible explanations of these pharmacological differences between glutamate potentials and EJPs revealed by diltiazem and Con A are considered. PMID- 44728 TI - [Association of Physiologists, Reunion at Lyon, June 20-22, 1979 (proceedings)]. PMID- 44727 TI - Is glutamate the transmitter of crustacean motoneurons? AB - 1. Bath-application of L-glutamate to crayfish opener muscle causes depolarization and resistance changes which both increase with falling temperature. At temperatures above 15 degrees C there is usually a resistance increase, at lower temperatures the resistance is decreased. 2. Meso-gamma . gamma'-diaminosuberic acid-dihydrochloride (meso-di-GABA) and dl-diamino nonanedicarboxylic acid dihydrochloride (C-9) were newly synthesized as potential glutamate blockers. 3. Meso-di-GABA (10(-4) to 10(-3)M) usually caused a significant increase (15 degrees C) or decrease (7 degrees C) of membrane resistance and slight depolarization. Excitatory junction potentials (ejps) were reversibly depressed or blocked while the effects of glutamate were potentiated. The depression or block of neuromuscular transmission was not prevented by picrotoxin or by concanavaline A. 4. C-9 (3 x 10(-4) M) depressed or blocked the effect of applied glutamate with little or no effect on ejps. 5. The results are best explained by assuming that bath-applied glutamate acts mainly on extrasynaptic receptors. Meso-di-GABA is assumed to block synaptic receptors and to activate non-synaptic receptors while C-9 seems to act mainly as a blocker of glutamate action on non-synaptic receptors. PMID- 44729 TI - [The monoamines in molluscs. I. Catecholamines: biosynthesis, disposition and inactivation (author's transl)]. AB - The central nervous system of the mollusc Helix pomatia, like that of other molluscs, contains a very high level of dopamine. However, noradrenaline is weakly represented. These characteristics apply to the peripheral nervous system and more particularly to the heart. The study of the phenomena taking part in the synthesis and inactivation of catecholamines shows that these processes are not different in vertebrates and molluscs. Thus, in the particular case of Helix pomatia the synthesis of catecholamines is carried out by tyrosine hydroxylase, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. These enzymes are not only active in the ganglia and nerves, but also in the peripheral nervous system. The monoamines are associated with granules. The synthesized enzymes in the pericarya migrate due to the axonal flow and accumulate in the intracardiac nerve endings. In Helix pomatia, the enzymes participate actively in the local synthesis of catecholamines using the precursors tyrosine and DOPA. We have little information on the uptake of dopamine by nervous structures, but it would seem that this phenomenon seems to play an active role in the synaptic inactivation of dopamine. The glial elements also play a part in uptake and inactivation. In most species the nervous system has very little monoamine oxidase, and there is even less in the heart. The enzymic activity depends on substrates and is more active with dopamine than with 5-hydroxytryptamine. The exact localization of monoamine oxidase in the tissues is unknown. However, we believe that it plays a part in the neuronal regulation of dopamine levels and in its synaptic inactivation. The same applies for catechol O-methyltransferase. PMID- 44730 TI - Transgastric highly selective vagotomy (HSTRV) without drainage. Preliminary report of a new simplified procedure of treatment of duodenal ulcer. AB - The technique of preserving the antral vagal nerve supply of the stomach and division of the gastric branches of the nerves of Latarjet is common to both operations, but by replacing the transection of the hiatal cardioesophageal vagus nerve branches (including the nerve branches accompanying the arteries entering the fundus of the stomach) with a transgastric intramural transection and excision of all nerve fibers entering the fundus, a highly selective vagotomy is achieved. Completeness of HSTRV is controlled intraoperatively by a gastric pH meter and by measuring the oxygen tension of the gastric mucosa. One year to 18 months after application of HSTRV in 74 patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcers, mortality was nil, morbidity insignificant, the previous ulcer symptoms no longer present, and dumping syndrome, recurrence and other significant complications were not observed. PMID- 44731 TI - [Evaluation of hydrogen excretion by the distal tubule using the alkaline overload test]. PMID- 44732 TI - Beta-blockers after myocardial infarction. PMID- 44733 TI - Selected abstracts of the International Symposium on Peripheral Neuropathies, Milan, Italy, June 26-28, 1978. PMID- 44734 TI - Evaluation of urinary alkaline ribonuclease activity in the assessment of subclinical malnutrition in weanling rats. AB - The sensitivity of the hydroxyproline (OHP)/creatinine (Cr) index and the free urinary alkaline ribonuclease activity as indices of nutritional status have been compared using rats as an experimental model. The results have revealed that the OHP/Cr index is a better biochemical parameter than the urinary alkaline ribonuclease activity for indicating a subclinical degree of malnutrition. PMID- 44735 TI - [Severe pneumococcal infections of adults. 100 cases collected in three years (Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris) (author's transl)]. AB - After retrospective in intensive care unit of 100 severe cases of pneumococcal infection in three years, the authors analyse the circumstances of onset (occurring in autumn of winter), the general status (without evident high risk population), the symptomatology (84% of meningitis, 30% of pneumonia), the origin of infection (essentialy otitis media in meningitis). The case fatality rate is 39%. Frequency of multiple visceral localisations and of bacteremias is emphasized. PMID- 44736 TI - [Pneumococcal infections in military quarters (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study on prevalence of pneumococcal in French military recruits of two military districts has been made in 1976 and 1977. Among 185,000 adults, 19 pneumococcal diseases were registered (0,1%). 15 were respiratory infections (10 acute pneumonia). The agent has been isolated of blood (the half) and of others samples : expectoration... (the half). In despite of geographical and climatic differences of two districts, the incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia is the same. The low prevalence of that infection results from the age, selection, and medical surveillance of the population studied. PMID- 44737 TI - [Epidemiologic features of pneumococcal meningitis in Africa. Clinical and serotypical aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Pneumococcal meningitis, because of their frequency and their severity, are regarded as an important problem of Public Health in Africa. In a great number of African countries, particularly Equatorial and Central Africa, the pneumococcus is the first agent of bacterial meningitis. The annual prevalence is estimated as about 14/100 000 persons. The case fatality rate (on 1 600 cases) is 49,5% ; the annual mortality reaches about 7/100 000 (28 000 annual deaths in Africa). The babies and the old persons are more exposed to the risk, with an annual prevalence of 28,5/100 000 before five years old, and of 16,1/100 000 after sixty years old. The risk is small between five and forty five years old. The risk is very high in patients homozygous for sickle-cell disease. The spread of all detected serotypes, by descending frequency is : 1, 5, 6, 3, 23, 12, 2, 14, 9, 18, 19, 4, 8, 29, 40, others (Danish system of nomenclature). The distribution according to age is indicated by the authors. A vaccine with only 8 serotypes (1, 5, 6, 3, 23, 12, 2, 14) could cover 80% of serotypes in Dakar. For the babies, addition to pneumococcal vaccine with polyribose phosphate of Haemophilus influenzae b, could be useful, because high prevalence of meningitis with this germ before five years old in Africa. PMID- 44738 TI - [Contribution of counter-immunoelectrophoresis (electro-immunodiffusion) to the diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis (author's transl)]. AB - The author has used the counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) comparatively with the routine bacteriologic method, in 220 pneumococcal meningitis at Dakar hospital. The omni-serum of Statens Serum Institute Copenhague applied to CSF, leads to detection of the quasi whole of antigens. The use of serums-pools is not essential in routine because his small supplement of information. The score of CIE is the same that the results of bacteriologic method, but the CIE is alone positive in 10,9% of cases. The detection of antigens in blood is interesting for the diagnosis (+ 2,3%) and the prognosis. PMID- 44739 TI - [Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in Nantes Hospital (1969 1978) (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1969 and 1978 at the CHR of Nantes we isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae from 815 swabs taken from 591 patients and which provided 595 different strains. Serotyping of all the strains was carried out using the capsular reaction test. The prevalence of the different serovars varied according to the year and the type of swab. No resistant strains to benzylpenicillin or ampicillin were observed. There was significant resistance to sulphonamides and tetracycline : 24,3 and 29,6% respectively. The American vaccine containing the greatest number of serovars was effective for only 69,8% of the strains isolated in Nantes. PMID- 44740 TI - [Pneumococcal capsular types of clinical specimens. Lyon: 1972-1977 and 1978 (author's transl)]. AB - 878 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were tested during two periods : 667 strains from 1972 to 1977 and 211 strains during 1978. Strains were isolated from spinal fluids, blood, peritoneal fluids, urines, exudate from respiratory tract except sputum. In polymicrobial specimens, only the predominant species were serotyped. From 1972 to 1977, 53,3% of strains are typed and 6 serotypes and pools are prevalent among 68,5% of typed strains, the most frequent are : 6 - D - 18 - 19. During the second period (1978) 82,5% of strains are typed, 9 serotypes are prevalent among 68,5% of typed strains, the most frequent are : 6 - 19 - 23 - 3. During 1978, 27,6% of strains are isolated from child wards, others from adults wards. A comparison of the relative frequencies of the serotypes in the two wards shows that the following 10 serotypes are the most frequent: 6 - 19 - 23 - 3 - 18 - 1 - 8 - 9 - 14 - 4. PMID- 44741 TI - [Pneumococcal serotyping. Multicentric inventory in hospital. Years 1977-1978 (author's transl)]. AB - For a period of 17 months, 670 pneumococci, mostly isolated in the Paris area, have been typed with contercurrent-immunoelectrophoresis ; 338 of them come from cases of pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis and acute otitis media. An important regrouping of the most frequent serotypes among the 83 known serotypes makes possible a vaccinal prophylaxis. The tetradecavalent vaccine which is now for sale in USA gives, in the four main pathologies of this enquiry, a coverage superior to 80 percent. Choosing the 14 most frequent serotypes of the four main pathologies of their data the authors propose the following vaccinal formula : 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 18, 19, 23. PMID- 44742 TI - Pneumococcal vaccines. PMID- 44743 TI - Histopathology of arteries and veins in the end-stage/dialysis kidney. PMID- 44744 TI - [Measurements of pH pressure and motor activity of the oesophagus and stomach after partial excision of oesophagus or cardia because of cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 44745 TI - Central action of narcotic analgesics. V. Participation of serotonin in the mechanism of action of narcotic analgesics. AB - The influence of serotonergic system on the changes in locomotor activity of mice and rats brought about by morphine, fentanyl, codeine and pentazocine and on morphine induced catalepsy in rats was studied. p-Chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) did not affect the behavioral changes produced in mice by morphine, fentanyl, codeine and pentazocine but reduced the behavioral depression produced by these drugs in rats. 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) but not tryptophan (TP) reversed the action of pCPA on the effect of morphine and fentanyl. After reserpine the depression produced in rats by morphine and fentanyl was more pronounced. TP did not change the depression produced by combination of reserpine and morphine but counteracted the depression observed after combination of reserpine and fentanyl. In mice reserpine protected against hypermotility produced by morphine or fentanyl and TP potentiated the depression produced by the combination of reserpine and morphine or reserpine and fentanyl. Serotonin precursors, 5-HTP and TP evidently potentiated the morphine induced catalepsy. pCPA counteracted only the enhancement of the catalepsy observed after TP administration. Naloxone abolished the catalepsy after combined treatment with morphine and TP. Similarly but weaker acted cyproheptadine. The results suggest that the serotonin system plays a role in the effects of morphine and fentanyl on rat locomotor activity. An increase in the cerebral serotonin level increases the morphine catalepsy in rats. PMID- 44746 TI - [Hypothalamic hypophyseotropic hormones: biochemical and clinical aspects. II. Somatostatin, corticoliberin, melanoliberin, malanostatin, prolactostatin, prolactoliberin]. PMID- 44747 TI - [Psychopharmacotherapy: present status and trends]. AB - The psychotropic preparations developed and introduced in recent years are discussed in the form of a synoptical paper. The information given mainly concentrates on the attempts to find antidepressants without cardiotoxic side effects, psychoneuroleptics without extrapyramidal side-effects and long-acting or depot preparations. The survey is restricted to psychotropics in a narrow sense (with an antipsychotic action) and to preparations that are produced in the GDR or imported or made available for the clinical testing of which the reporting clinic (Dresden) was in charge. PMID- 44748 TI - Changes in rat gastric proteases with age: effect of hydrocortisone. AB - Gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 of rat gastric mucosal preparation shows two peaks of proteolytic activity. These peaks differ at different ages of animals. The proteolytic activity of the gastric mucosa is spread over a wider range of pH in younger animals than older ones with a shift from higher pH towards lower pH values with increasing age. Hydrocortisone injection to nine day-old rats results in qualitative changes of gastric mucosal proteases, the proteolytic activity pattern of young treated animals being similar to that of untreated adult rat. PMID- 44749 TI - Search for antiglucocorticoid activity in rat liver in vivo. AB - Estradiol and testosterone both lowered endogenous liver glycogen and at 20-fold higher doses impaired triamcinolone acetonide mediated glyconeogenesis in adult adrenalectomized male rats. Neither steroid influenced liver tyrosine transaminase although tryptophan pyrrolase activity was depressed by testosterone. Progesterone increased liver tryptophan pyrrolase but did not influence other parameters. Cortexolone did not alter either of these processes whereas cortisol induced both enzymes and, at much higher dose levels, gluconeogenesis. Binding of 3H-triamcinolone acetonide to its cytoplasmic receptor in vitro was left unaffected in presence of 20-fold greater concentration of either sex steroid but almost totally abolished by cold, homologous molecules. Similar results were obtained by 3H-cortisol except that estradiol partially competed for 3H-cortisol binding sites even at 20-fold greater concentrations of cold estradiol. Separation on DEAE-cellulose-52 and Ultrogel 44 columns revealed binding of all steroids to macromolecules of comparable physicochemical properties although the ratios of binding to the various subpopulations of the receptor were a function of the steroid in question. These results are discussed in terms of sex steroid binding to different moieties of a complex, heterogeneous, polymorphic protein rather than inhibition of binding to the active configuration acquired in presence of an inducer. PMID- 44750 TI - [Influence of medication on human neutrophil granulocytic function. III. Motility (locomotion: non-directional, activated, directional; migration through the tissues)]. PMID- 44751 TI - [Chloramphenicol, after 30 years]. PMID- 44752 TI - [Recent acquisitions in the topography of the pre-excitation zones in the Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome]. PMID- 44753 TI - [Hypertrophy and dilatation--factors of dysfunction in cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 44754 TI - [Echocardiographic changes in bacterial endocarditis]. PMID- 44755 TI - [The cardiac liver--clinica, biological and histopathological aspects]. PMID- 44756 TI - [Form of disseminated lupus erythematosus with onset and evolution of thrombocytogenic purpura]. PMID- 44757 TI - [Appraisal of long-term therapy of inflammatory rheumatic diseases with tauredon, indomethacin, brufen and volon]. PMID- 44758 TI - [Histamine and calcium interaction in the process of gastric acid secretion in humans]. PMID- 44759 TI - [Interrelationships of histamine, erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase and gastric acid secretion]. PMID- 44760 TI - [Study of the hemorrhagic risk factors in gastroduodenal ulcer. Mechanism of action and possibilities of prevention]. PMID- 44761 TI - [Relationships between pulmonary arterial hypertension and active chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 44762 TI - [Acute hemorrhagic syndrome due to acquired deficiency of factors II, VII and X. (Considerations on a case)]. PMID- 44763 TI - [Gamma-glutamyltransferase]. PMID- 44764 TI - [Essential arterial hypertension: initial therapeutic strategy or how to normalize arterial pressure]. PMID- 44765 TI - Comparative study of erythromycin, amoxicillin and ampicillin antimicrobial activity against human respiratory tract pathogens. AB - An in vitro test system was used to compare the antimicrobial activity of erythromycin, amoxicillin and ampicillin against respiratory tract pathogens isolated from man. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fresh clinical isolates of Streptoccus pyogenes, Streptocuccus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae to the macrolide and penicillins ranged between 0.01 and 0.9 microgram/ml. The microbes were exposed to each antibiotic for approximately 3 h at 1x,2x and 5x the relevant MIC. Irreversible surface defects and intracellular lesions were resolved by scanning and transmission electron microscopy in all antibiotic-treated bacterial species, irrespective of the antimicrobial used. In each case, inhibition of growth was recorded by turbometric assay; no significant difference was observed among the declining slopes of post-dosing growth curves for either erythromycin-, amoxicillin- or ampicillin-treated pathogens. The experimental observations show that the onset of antimicrobial activity and the bactericidal effectiveness of equipotent concentrations of erythromycin, amoxicillin and ampicillin were comparable in this study. The results complement previous clinical, bacteriologic and ultrastructure studies in vivo and demonstrate the contribution of the combined in vivo/in vitro study design for better understanding of antimicrobial activity in human respiratory tract infections. PMID- 44766 TI - [Neurotropic anisamides (author's transl)]. AB - Evolution of the opinion of the french clinicians, during the 10 last years, towards the chemical group of the neurotropic anisamides : metoclopramide, sulpiride, sultopride, and tiapride. The good tolerance of these neuroleptic compounds, their low degree of activity on vigilance, are original characteristics of this new group of psychotropic drugs : polyvalent, or "multiple potential" neuroleptic agents. PMID- 44767 TI - [Neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia: recent pathophysiological data, therapeutic trials (author's transl)]. PMID- 44768 TI - [Comparative study of sleep and state on awakening with two hypnotic diazepines (author's transl)]. PMID- 44769 TI - International Society of Hypnosis 8th International Congress of Hypnosis and Psychosomatic Medicine combined with 9th Annual Congress of the Australian Society for Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis held in Melbourne, Australia, August 1979 [proceedings]. PMID- 44770 TI - [The influence of a beta-adrenolytic premedication on cardiovascular parameters and plasma free fatty acids during esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (author's transl)]. AB - Three groups of patients with different premedications were examined for changes of blood pressure, heart rate, ECG and plasma free fatty acid levels during esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy: Group A was premedicated with Bunitrolol, group B was premedicated with Hyoscin-N-butyl-bromide and diazepam, group C was endoscopied without premedication. The pulse rate rose significantly less in group A than in groups A and C; the same phenomenon was observed with regard to the systolic blood pressure. Premature beats occurred in all 3 groups: 32 per cent of the patients in group A, 43 per cent in group B and 60 per cent in group C had at least occasional premature beats; an accumulation of premature beats however occurred significantly less frequently in group A than in groups B or C. A drop of the ST-part of the ECG occurred with about the same frequency in each group. An increase of the plasma free fatty acids, which was noted in groups B and C, could be observed in Group A. A pre-endoscopic medication of beta blocking agents could be a useful measure in patients with labile arterial hypertension, vegatative dysregulation and a hyperkinetic heart syndrome. PMID- 44771 TI - [Properties of rubredoxin reductase from the alkane-assimilating bacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus]. PMID- 44772 TI - Alcohol-induced switching over of metabolic flux in Streptomyces noursei JA0 3890b. AB - Short-chain alcohols, benzyl alcohol and Tween 20 were found capable of switching over the metabolic flux in Streptomyces noursei JA 3890b from the preference of oxidative deamination of alanine towards the reinforced acquisition of NH4+. These changes were correlated to the decrease of the ratio of saturated to olefinic fatty acids in the mycelium, suggesting that alcohols and other polar lipophilic compounds can interfere with the biosynthesis and the function of the cytoplasmic membrane in Streptomyces. PMID- 44773 TI - [Steroid-transforming enzymes from microorganisms. XI. Reversibility of the dehydrogenation reaction of the steroid-1-dehydrogenase from Nocardia opaca]. AB - Highly purified preparations of the 4-en-3-oxosteroid: (acceptor)-1-en oxidoreductase from Nocardia opaca have been investigated in both types of reactions: 1.2-dehydrogenation of the 4-en-3-oxo-derivative and 1.2-hydrogenation of the 1.4-dien-3-oxo-derivative. It was not possible to separate the hydrogenating activity from the dehydrogenating activity by affinity chromatography, disc electrophoresis, SDS-electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing techniques. The pure enzyme preparation is discussed as only one FAD depending protein acting in response to the system as a dehydrogenase as well as a reductase. PMID- 44774 TI - [Animal experiments with combined local immunization against an influenza virus disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 44775 TI - [Report on the XXIVth World Conference of the International Union against Tuberculosis (IUaT), Brussels, 5-9 September 1978 (author's transl)]. PMID- 44776 TI - [Conference of North and West German dermatologists in Gottingen, 20-22 October 1978. Patient presentations]. PMID- 44777 TI - [Neuropsychological analysis of cognitive processes]. PMID- 44778 TI - [Achievement motivation variables in connection with clinical psychological investigations]. PMID- 44779 TI - [Endocrinologic problems in urology]. PMID- 44780 TI - [Selective proximal vagotomy (SVP); technical details (author's transl)]. AB - At present the technique of selective proximal vagotomy (SVP) seems to be standardized. Nevertheless, the surgical procedure is practiced by many authors in a different way concerning the proximal and distal borderline of denervation. In our opinion pylorplasty should only be performed in those patients suffering from retention or stenoses. PMID- 44781 TI - The latex agglutination test in virus diagnostic: identification of poliomyelitis and coxsackie viruses. AB - We examined the practical value of the Latex agglutination test (LA test) in diagnostic virology. Viruses isolated from 125 specimens were identified in the LA test. All results were in agreement with those observed by a neutralization test. The LA test appears to be superior to conventional methods because of its easy handling and a rapid and reliable identification. PMID- 44782 TI - A simple method of detecting staphylococcal hemolysins. AB - A modification of the "one-plate method" for detection of staphylococcal hemolysins has been described. Bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae and Cornebacterium pseudotuberculosis were replaced by their prepurified hemolytically active exosubstances: beta-toxin, CAMP-factor, and, the exosubstance of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis called COREX. By means of the modification described, exact detection of hemolysins in possible with staphylococcal strains producing one type of hemolysin as well as with strains producing a combination of hemolysins. PMID- 44783 TI - [An oral enteritis-vaccine composed of twelve heat inactivated Enterobacteriaceae. 1. Communication: Theoretical and epidemiological considerations (author's transl)]. AB - The infectious diseases of the human intestinal tract which are caused by bacteria must be distinguished into two groups on account of their different pathogenesis: the cyclic infections (typhoid fever, parathyphoid fever) and the local infections (cholera, dysentery, Salmonella enteritis, dyspepsia coli infections). The local infections of the intestine do not cause a systemic but only a local immunity of the intestinal mucosa. It is necessary therefore to induce local immunity as active immunoprophylaxis by orally administering inactivated antigens. The twelve-fold enteritis vaccine consists of full antigens of 6 Salmonella strains, 2 Shigella strains, and 4 enteropathogenic coli strains pretreated by heat-inactivation (3 min/100 degrees C). The following should be considered as indication to effect active immunoprophylaxis against enteritis: Travelling into tropical and subtropical countries, people in emergency areas, children in developing countries, workers in food industries, secondary hospital infections, and carriers. The active mouse protection test revealed that oral immunization with enterobacteriaceae does not only deliver the well-known specific effect but also a non-specific effect which included the protection against other related enterobacteriaceae. Moreover, the specific component of the combined vaccine is enhanced by heterologous components. The resulting synergism or the adjuvantal effect, respectively, allows to employ a relatively limited number of germs which are selected on the basis of high pathogenicity, good immunogenicity, and great frequency. The first field trial with the twelve-fold vaccine was completed successfully: Following an infection with Salmonella which affected the employees of a fowl slaughtery, eight different species could be demonstrated; the above described polyvalent vaccine was orally administered and proved to be successful. The latter case clearly demonstrates the fast-acting effect of the vaccine on account of the heterologous bacterial antigens contained therein. 51 out of 60 Salmonella carriers excreted germs of a different antigen pattern not contained in the vaccine. However, the good results obtained showed that the species chosen for the vaccine were still sufficiently effective to cover the wide spectrum of other species of related enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 44784 TI - Mammalian serum susceptibility of Serratia marcescens: detection of three human serum susceptibility categories. AB - A total of 65 strains of S. marcescens, including 36 currently employed O- and H antigen reference strains, were examined for their susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of 80 vol % of fresh human serum. The majority of strains (57 = 87.6%) proved 'delayed serum-sensitive' (DSS); 4 strains (6.2%) were 'promptly serum-sensitive' (PSS), whereas 4 strains (6.2%) resisted (NSS) complement-mediated killing by human serum. Fresh sera obtained from 7 adult human volunteers yielded essentially identical kinetic killing data against representative NSS, DSS and PSS strains of S. marcescens. These observations were interpreted as further justification for the assignment of clinical isolates of S. marcescens to 3 categories of human serum susceptibility: DSS, PSS and NSS. Species differences among fresh sera from sheep, rabbits and guinea pigs, as contrasted with fresh human serum, were noted. In general, PSS strains of S. marcescens were killed in a slightly delayed fashion; DSS strains of S. marcescens were killed in an unpredictable kinetic pattern by sheep and rabbit sera, whereas fresh guinea pig serum entirely failed to kill selected DSS isolates of S. marcescens. PMID- 44785 TI - [Comparison of four recently introduced cephalosporins with respect to probability of resistance in multiresistant strains of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella spec. (author's transl)]. AB - Strains with the same number of resistances were arranged in so-called resistance classes. Nine classes of resistance (0 to greater to or equal to 8) were formed by means of ten standard chemotherapeutics; the four new cephalosporins were excluded. For every resistance class frequency of cephalosporinresistance was described as coefficient ranging from 0 to 1 (Fig. 1). In Cephalothin the coefficients were markedly rising only in 6 (7)-fold resistant strains of the species examined. Similar but somewhat reduced rising of coefficients was also observed in Cefaclor and Cefamandole. In Cefaclor this is particularly evident for E. coli, whereas in Cefamandole, it concerns Klebsiella spec. In the other species rising of coefficients of Cefaclor and Cefamandole are less marked. The probability of restance in multiresistant strains are therefore distinguished more clearly from that of Cephalothin. Cefuroxime and Cefoxitin take a special position because the probability of resistance does not rise in multiresistant strains. The coefficients of Cefoxitin do not show any recognizable dependance on multiresistance. For clinical purpose the following conclusions can be derived: Because of their effectiveness in multiresistant strains Cefoxitin and Cefuroxime are suitable for empiric use in intensive care units where many multiresistant Klebsiella-strains are to be expected. Cefamandole on the other hand is characterized by a rising probability of resistance in multiresistant strains. Therefore it should only be given after antibiotic testing. Cefaclor, a new oral cephalosporin, will be introduced specially for outpatients where multiresistant strains are rarely found. PMID- 44786 TI - [The distribution of minimal inhibitory concentrations of recently introduced cephalosporins in multiresistant strains of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella spec. as revealed by zone sizes of a standardized agar diffusion test (author's transl)]. AB - Strains of a species were divided into two groups according to the number of resistances (less than or equal to 4, greater than or equal to 5) using 10 standard chemotherapeutics regularly examined, the new cephalosporins not being among them. These groups of less than or equal to 4- and greater than or equal to 5-fold resistant strains were compared for each cephalosporin tested (Fig. 1). The most different distributions of zone diameters (of both groups) were seen in Cephalothin, whereas in Cefoxitin and - with little limitations - also in Cefuroxime in the main these distributions did not differ; they covered the same field. The distributions of Cefaclor and Cefamandole took an intermediate position. With respect to the two groups similar observations were made for E. coli, proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella spec. The differences between the two groups were most marked in Klebsiella strains. E. coli exhibited the smallest differences (Fig 1). On the assumption that the distribution of zone diameters reflect that of MIC's it can be concluded that nearly all of the Cefaclor- and Cefamandole-sensitive multiresistant strains have more elevated MIC's than those with only less than or equal to 4 resistances. On the other hand it must not be expected that MIC'S OF Cefoxitin and Cefuroxim are rising in multiresistant strains. It could be demonstrated that the different qualities of the recently introduced cephalosporins revealed in multiresistant strains can be explained by different dependences on mechanisms of Cephalothin-resistance (Fig. 2). This resistance is much more frequent in greater than or equal to 5-fold resistant strains. Recommendations for clinical use derived from these results are discussed. PMID- 44787 TI - Identification of anaerobes on the Minitek System, compared to a conventional system. AB - The Minitek Miniaturized System (BBL) was compared to a conventional method (V.P.I.) for the indentification of anaerobes. Anaerobiosis was achieved by using the GasPak system (BBL) and a glove box. Gram staining, colonial morphology, gas liquid chromatography and biochemical reactions as detailed in the Virginia Polytechnic Institute anaerobe laboratory manual were compared to the biochemical results obtained on the Minitek system. A total of 32 anaerobes was used. The percentage of correlation was an overall 98.2%. Discrepancies were found mostly in the production of indole, the reduction of nitrate, and the hydrolysis of aesculin. A further 95 anaerobes were tested on these three reactions, and found to give an overall agreement of 92.9%. It was found necessary to use some additional tests as well as gas-liquid chromatography for definitive identification. The microsystem was also evaluated as to time saved, cost and ease of use. PMID- 44788 TI - [Studies of the purification of the exotoxin of Bacillus cereus (author's transl)]. AB - The exotoxins of Bacillus cereus show haemolytic, lethal, Phospholipase-C- and enterotoxigenic activities. The enterotoxigenic activity is regarded to be the factor which causes food poisoning in man. Efforts to purify the B. cereus exotoxins by precipitation with ammonium sulphate and subsequent chromatography on Sephadex-G-75 and Biogel-P-60 columns were partially successfull. Haemolysin and Phospholipase-C could be separated by gel-chromatography, they demonstrated partial identity on gel-diffusion agar. The lethal and enterotoxigenic activities could not be separated from the other toxins and remained heterogenous. No immunological relationship was found between Clostridium Type A alpha toxin and enterotoxin and the exotoxins of B. cereus. PMID- 44789 TI - Isolation of antigenic variants from leptospiras grown in vitro and from heart blood of guinea pigs inoculated with a clonized strain of Leptospira. AB - A clonized culture of Leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni strain Shibaura (Cl-Shibaura) was inoculated into guinea pigs. The heart blood of the guinea pigs, obtained at the febrile stage and inoculated onto the solid serum medium containing the homologous immune serum, produced large and small colonies. The serological examinations revealed that the large colonies were found mainly to be the antigenic variants, while the small colonies were mostly the parent. The antigenic variants accounted for 16.4% of all the colonies from the blood of the guinea pigs infected with Cl-Shibaura, and for 1.2% of all the colonies from the blood of the guniea pigs infected with Cl-Shibaura, and for 1.2% of all the ll colonies. The serological examinations revealed that the large colonies were found mainly to be the antigenic variants, while the small colonies were mostly the parent. The antigenic variants accounted for 16.4% of all the colonies from the blood of the guniea pigs infected with Cl-Shibaura, and for 1.2% of all the colonies from the culture of Cl-Shibaura in the normal serum medium. Antigenic variants were also isolated in vitro from the culture of 2 other serovars. The fact that the frequency of the antigenic variants of leptospiras was higher in vivo than in vitro is discussed. PMID- 44790 TI - [Studies on relations between the progress of infectious diseases and the steroid metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 44791 TI - [Problems of serological diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis (author's transl)]. AB - Using the passive hemagglutination test, 588 sera of patients with chronic pyelonephritis and 163 sera of pregnant women with persistent bacteriuria were investigated for the presence of antibodies aginst the enterobacterial common antigen (ECA). 10.2 percent of titers in the pyelonephritis group and 6.1 percent of titers of the pregnant women showed values higher than 1:16. The results were compared to a group of blood donors where 0.9 percent of the sera had pathological titers. The demonstration of ECA antibodies does not seem to be suitable for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections. PMID- 44792 TI - [Hexacyanoferrate-compounds as indicator substances for the efficacy of antimicrobial agents to desulfuricants (author's transl)]. AB - Hexacyanoferrate-compounds are suitable to indicate the efficacy of antimicrobial substances to sulfate-reducing bacteria. They act as a cytochemical indicator system. (Stubner, 9), e. g. K3FeIII(CN)6 showes FeS formation before any visible blackening of the medium. By using hexacyanoferrate compounds it is easier to determine the efficacy of antimicrobial agents. In addition a microscopical control is recommended to detect damaged or avital bacteria in the limiting concentrations of the agents. PMID- 44793 TI - The effect of Toxoplasma cell fractions and mycobacterial immunostimulants against virulent Toxoplasma gondii in mice. AB - Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were disrupted in a Ribi cell fractionator and separated into cell walls and protoplasm by differential centrifugation. These products were used alone or combined with a mycobacterial glycolipid (P3) and injected either as oil-in-water emulsions or incorporated in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Mice were vaccinated by intravenous or intradermal routes and challenged intraperitoneally with a highly virulent strain of Toxoplasma gondii. A local granuloma formation was induced after i.d. inoculation of Toxoplasma vaccines containing P3 as this glycolipid enabled an adherence of the antigens on the mineral oil droplets. The adjuvant effect of P3 on antibody formation was also observed. Most of the fractions showed a low, but statistically significant prolongation of survival time. Vaccination by the i.v. route with homologous or heterologous antigens, including Trypanosoma cruzi, were not significantly effective, with the exception of a high dose of Toxoplasma protoplasm associated with P3. PMID- 44794 TI - [The dynamics of humoral and cellular immunity changes in patients with acute phase of trichinellosis (author's transl)]. AB - 21 patients with acute trichinellosis have been studied. The behaviour of IgG, IgA and IgM in the serum of patients as well as the percentage of lymphocytes T and B was the aim of these studies. Statistically significant increase of IgG in serum has been observed since the third week of the clinical observation. During the whole period of observation the level of IgA was lowered--though the decrease was not statistically significant--whereas the level of IgM increased considerably. Decreased percentage of lymphocyte B in the peripheral blood during the first week of the clinical observation, later on increased significantly. The percentage of T lymphocyte was lowered during the whole period of the clinical observation of patients. PMID- 44795 TI - [Virological diagnosis of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (author's transl)]. AB - Among 180 patients with proved adenovirus infection of the eye, 144 infections with adenovirus 8 (Ad 8) were found. 11 or 7 patients were infected with Ad 19 or Ad 4 respectively; further 18 cases were associated with 6 other serotypes. The main symptoms of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) (pronounced inflammatory swelling of the plica and caruncula, nummular corneal infiltations) are not confined to Ad 8 infections. For the virological diagnosis, a combination of virus isolation and serology is recommended. Virus isolation is mostly successful from conjunctival swabs obtained during the first week of the disease. For serological investigation, the first blood specimen should be taken as early as possible, the second not earlier than 15 days after onset of disease. The mere application of the group-specific adenovirus complement-fixation is insufficient; it should be supplied by neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition with Ad 8 (or Ad 19) virus, although these reactions are not invariably type-specific. A swifter diagnosis of the adenovirus infection by immunofluorescence performed in cell cultures inoculated with conjunctival material, 3 or 7 days after inoculation, was often successful; however, this procedure proved to be less sensitive than virus isolation. PMID- 44796 TI - pH-map of the stomach of normal and vagotomized dogs. AB - By means of electrometric surface measurements a peculiar pH-map of the mucosa of normal and vagotomized dog stomachs was obtained illustrating the different acid producing capacities of the various regions of the stomach, on the one hand, and showing that all types of vagotomy will reduce local acid secretion. PMID- 44797 TI - International society of parenteral nutrition. Proceedings II Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 28--September 1, 1978. PMID- 44798 TI - [Effect of somatostatin on gastric secretion in rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 44799 TI - [Pathophysiology and clinical significance of gut hormones]. AB - The different mode of secretion of the gut hormones (paracrine secretion- somatostatin. endocrine and neurocrine secretion--gastrin, CCK; neurocrine secretion--VIP, substance P), obscures the physiological significance of these hormones. However, the pathophysiological role of autonomous secreted hormones by endocrine tumours, is well established. Gut hormones are used for routine evaluation of gastrointestinal diseases. The therapeutic value of these substances has recently engendered considerable interest. PMID- 44800 TI - Belgian Congress of Anesthesiology 1979. PMID- 44801 TI - The use of almitrine following potentialized analgesic. Anesthesia based upon alfentanil and flunitrazepam or etomidate. PMID- 44802 TI - Double blind study of rectal flunitrazepam for pediatric premedication. PMID- 44803 TI - The influence of flunitrazepam on different body functions. PMID- 44804 TI - Intracellular acid-base balance; correlation between intra- and extracellular acid-base status during variation of plasma pH. PMID- 44805 TI - Hemodynamic effects of flunitrazepam in the coronary patient under moderated analgesic anesthesia. PMID- 44806 TI - [Treatment with high doses of neuroleptics in the acute phase of mental diseases]. PMID- 44808 TI - The Warsaw Colloquium on Instrumental Conditioning and Brain Research. Part A. PMID- 44807 TI - [Immobilization of a bacterial enzymatic preparation with milk-coagulating action. III. Optimization of the conditions for immobilization on various carriers]. PMID- 44809 TI - Pharmacological evidence on the specialization of CNS mechanisms responsible for motor act inhibition by aversive events. AB - Our use of selected pharmacological agents has now extended the range of treatment-behaviour interactions previously studied by other (e.g., lesion) approaches in the search for appropriate models of behaviour organization and underlying physiological mechanisms. The case of muscarinic blockers has special interest, because the drugs induce only one type of primary change. At present, it appears difficult to reconcile the evidence in favour of a motor (perseverative) deficit with other evidence favouring an impairment of sensory processes. However, critical experiments using several go-no go avoidance tasks show that the two deficits may be inseparable. The complex profile of cue dependent disinhibitory effects of antimuscarinics suggests that separate sensori motor mechanisms are employed for response suppression not simply as a function of cue type, response type, or response-reinforcement relation but as a joint function of all these factors. Sedative-tranquillizing agents with so-called anti conflict properties add still another dimension to the problem of motor act inhibition. These agents are maximally effective in disrupting response withholding when both reward and punishment follow the emission of a particular response, less consistently effective in tests with CS paired with non-contingent shock (CER), and mostly ineffective in those go-no go avoidance tasks which show a very high sensitivity to muscarinic blockade. PMID- 44810 TI - Evidence that phagocytosing chicken polymorphonuclear leukocytes generate hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. PMID- 44811 TI - Proceedings of the VIII International Congress of the Reticuloendothelial Society. Jerusalem, Israel June 18-23, 1978. PMID- 44812 TI - Environmental chemical-induced modification of cell-mediated immune responses. AB - It is therefore proposed that: 1) environmental chemicals can have specific mechanisms of toxicity and can influence antibody-mediated immunity while having no detectable effect on cell-mediated immunity, 2) immune dysfunction is related to exposure time to a chemical and the tissue concentration of that chemical, 3) recovery of immune function may occur even though chemical exposure continues, and 4) a single assay of immune function may not be appropriate to detect chemical induced immune dysfunction. PMID- 44813 TI - Substances from marine organisms influencing tumor growth and immune responses. PMID- 44814 TI - Biochemical and biological properties of leukocyte intracellular inhibitors of proteinases. PMID- 44815 TI - Immunological studies of intracellular leukocyte proteinase inhibitor by granular extract and cathepsin D. PMID- 44816 TI - [Chronic pyelonephritis of older and old patients--a diagnostic problem in general medical practice (author's transl)]. AB - Chronic pyelonephritis is the most common renal disease of old age. The number of registered cases of this disease is below current diagnostic possibilities, since chronic urinary tract infection and chronic pyelonephritis still too rarely play a role in differential diagnostic considerations. Because of the insecure reliability of anamnesis and complaints reported by the patients the uroscopic examination of the urine and bacteriologic diagnostics are of special importance. These examinations can be carried out in general medical practice and they will lead to a diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis with relatively high probability. PMID- 44817 TI - [Recent advances in the treatment of nephrolithiasis (author's transl)]. AB - The treatment of nephrolithiasis depends mainly on the type of stone present. Uric acid calculi can be dissolved by oral medication producing alkalinization of the urine. Cystin stones can only rarely be dissolved by oral administration of D penicillamine. The best and least expensive prophylaxis is a high and constant fluid intake of 600 ml every 4 hours. This way the pathologically increased cystin excretion can be kept soluble. Calcium containing calculi and so-called "infection stones" need surgical intervention. Because of the high recurrence rate of renal stones every indication for an operative procedure has to be considered very carefully. For lasting results elimination of urinary obstruction is necessary. The treatment of choice of patients with staghorn calculus disease is surgical, even in the solitary kidney and in geriatric patients. As recent advances in the operative treatment of nephrolithiasis coagulum pyelolithotomy, intraoperative pyeloscopy, hypothermia and "bench surgery" (extra-corporeal renal surgery) are reviewed. Attempts to dissolve renal calculi by percutaneous nephrostomy as well as extraction of pelvic stones by the same procedure are mentioned. Finally, the importance of postoperative prophylaxis and the progress made in the medical treatment of calcium stones are pointed out. PMID- 44818 TI - [New possibilities in diagnosis and therapy of renal carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - A brief discussion of the aetiology and epidemiology of renal carcinomas is followed by a description of the clinical features. Attention is drawn to the significance of symptoms emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis. Intravenous urography still remains as the most important diagnostic procedure. It is pointed out that sonography and computer-tomography are now established as newer diagnostic methods, i.e. in distinguishing between cyst and tumor, in renal masses. Therapy, is still based upon surgical treatment. Transperitoneal, radical tumornephrectomy as compared with simple lumbar nephrectomy, has improved 5-year survival rate up to 16% especially in stage III tumors. Extracorporeal surgery for single kidney patients as hyperthermic surgery constitute new surgical methods, but only for specifically equiped urologic clinics. Embolisation of renal cell carcinoma is also used as therapeutic management in largely progressed tumors, and also used, as a preoperative measure, for the reducement of tumor size. Irradiation, before and after surgical treatment, as well as cytostatic therapy, revealed no significant improvement. We have reason to hope that progress in the research of hormonal- and immunotherapy will improve 5-year survival rate, in renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 44819 TI - [Situation of elderly dialysis patients as judged by the physicians in charge (author's transl)]. PMID- 44820 TI - [Weight and water content, as well as DNA synthesis and content, in the fibrous and parenchymatous organs of pre- and postnatal rats. II]. PMID- 44821 TI - Effects of adrenergic drugs on aqueous cAMP and cGMP and intraocular pressure. AB - The following variously selective adrenergic agonists were tested for their effects on the concentration of adenosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate and guanosine 3',5- cyclic monophosphate in the aqueous humor of treated and fellow eyes of rabbits one hour after topical unilateral application (2 mg, base): Epinephrine (alpha, beta 1.beta 2), phenylephrine alpha), isoproterenol (beta 1, beta 2), tazolol (beta 1) and terbutaline (beta 2). All drugs produced a significant increase in cAMP in the treated eyes and all but terbutaline produced a significant increase in the fellow eye. Terbutaline alone caused an increased in cGMP although a similar dose of pilocarpine, a cholinergic agonist, was ineffective in changing cGMP levels. We conclude that (1) diverse adrenoceptor stimulation can increase cAMP, but (2) not necessarily in direct relation to an agent's hypotension induced by pilocarpine is not accompanied by an increase in aqueous cGMP. PMID- 44822 TI - [Study of bilirubin- albumin binding. I.-In vitro study by partition of bilirubin between an aqueous solution and an immiscible organic solvent (author's transl)]. AB - The partition of bilirubin in vitro between water and isobutyl-methylketone/n heptane mictures is investigated at different pH, in the absence and the presence of albumin. Results are used to compute the concentrations of unbound ionized and unionized bilirubin and the bilirubin-albumin characteristics (association constant K and nomber n of primary binding sites per mole of albumin). The effect of various factors upon these characteristics is discussed. PMID- 44823 TI - [Contribution of neuromuscular biopsy in cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 44824 TI - Oral beta-adrenergic agonists in heart failure--a new therapeutic possibility? PMID- 44825 TI - Beta-blockade--selection and use. PMID- 44826 TI - A clinical profile of 100 child-patients with schizophrenia. AB - This is a retrospective study of 100 child-patients with schizophrenia seen in the Child Psychiatric Clinic over a period of 4 years. Some personal and family characteristics of this group of patients are presented. Their clinical features, management and outcome are also presented and discussed. PMID- 44827 TI - [15th meeting of French language endocrinologists, Athens, 6-8 September, 1979]. PMID- 44828 TI - [Colloquium of the French Society of the Biology of Development. Toulouse, September 1979. Preparatory and early phases of embryogenesis]. PMID- 44829 TI - [Report of the 12 May 1979 study session on the subject: Television and the child. Organized by the European Health Club (French-speaking section) and the Committee for Health Education of the Belgian Red Cross]. PMID- 44830 TI - [Total nitrogen, alpha-amine nitrogen and pH in the cultural filtrates of various leptospiral serotypes being cultured in a liquid Korthof's medium (author's transl)]. PMID- 44831 TI - [Sodium sulfacetamide for injections (author's transl)]. PMID- 44832 TI - [Diagnostic significance of lactose level in milk. 1. Lactose level in first quarter milk samples following artificial udder irritation and infection]. AB - Studies were conducted into lactose levels of milk in response to experimentally irritated or artificially infected udder quarters. Milk lactose was found to be suitable as a model parameter by which to objectivate pathophysiological processes in the udder in the context of research, such as experiments on artificial udder infection or testing of udder tolerance of certain medicaments. PMID- 44833 TI - [Diagnostic significance of lactose level of milk. 2. Lactose level in first quarter milk samples in various udder disorders]. AB - The behaviour of lactose levels in first quarter milk was studied in the context of a large dairy herd in the presence of various udder health defects. The results were related to other criteria generally used in mastitis diagnosis. The lactose level in first quarter milk was found to be a diagnostic criterion which was properly applicable to detecting and identifying clinical and subclinical mastitis. A limit value of 4.6 per cent has been commonly assumed in literature and proved to be a sound basis for udder health assessment, provided that the given phase of lactation is taken into due consideration (exclusion of cows in the first month post partum as well as of aged milking cows from the seventh month of lactation). Also reported in this paper are results regarding milk lactose and its correlations with other criteria for mastitis diagnosis. A close correlation was found to exist between lactose level and electric conductivity of first quarter milk. PMID- 44834 TI - Restricted chimerism of peripheral blood cells after transplantation of allogeneic hemopoietic tissue in rabbits. AB - Allogeneic bone marrow or spleen cells were transplanted in rabbits treated with a single dose of 110 kmg/g of cyclophosphamide or four doses of 50 mg/kg. Chimerism of peripheral blood cells occurred in about 50% of the recipients, lasting from about the 14th day until 180 days after transplantation. The chimerism was limited to some kinds of cells since dissociation of proliferation of hemopoietic cells and split chimerism of lymphocytes were observed. Dissociation of proliferation of hemopoietic cells consisted in the appearance of only one cell line, namely lymphocytes, whereas the erythrocyte cells did not proliferate. Split chimerism occurred within lymphocytes, manifested by the presence of the donor's T lymphocytes but absence of proliferation of the donor's B lymphocytes. PMID- 44835 TI - [Bubble oxygenator with heat-permuter for cardiovascular surgery. Model 1600-G. Surgical applications]. PMID- 44836 TI - [Beta-adrenergic blockaders in cardiology]. PMID- 44838 TI - Selective papers from the 3rd annual meeting of Latin-american Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition--April, 1978: Abstracts. PMID- 44837 TI - [Beta-glucuronidase activity in the gastric juice and gastric mucosa of rats subjected to protein deficiency]. AB - The experiment was performed in order to evaluate the beta-glucuronidase activity in gastric juice and gastric mucosa of rats submitted to protein-free diet. A group of 36 young adult male wistar rats was fed a protein-free diet ad libitum for five weeks; a second group of 36 wistar rats ingested a purified isocaloric 12,5% casein diet for the same period. The concentration of proteins in plasma, gastric juice and gastric glandular mucosa and the beta-glucuronidase activity in the gastric juice and gastric glandular mucosa were determined. Protein deficient rats had lower plasma protein concentration and also a lower protein concentration in gastric juice and gastric mucosa. In these animals there was no significant change of beta-glucuronidase activity in the gastric juice, but there was a significant increase of the specific enzimatic activity in the gastric mucosa. The results suggest that protein restriction in young adult rats affects the gastric mucosa. The increase of the specific beta-glucuronidase activity might be due to heightened local catabolism or to a comparatively more severe protein depletion. PMID- 44839 TI - Seasonal abundance of Culex annulirostris and other mosquitoes at Kowanyama, north Queensland, and Charleville, south west Queensland. AB - At Kowanyama, 104,006 adult female mosquitoes of a probable 47 species were collected on twelve occasions from April, 1972, to April, 1976. At Charleville, 71,791 adult females of 20 taxa were taken during thirteen periods from February, 1974, to February, 1976. Culex annulirostris was predominant at Kowanyama and especially at Charleville where it comprised up to 99% of dry season collections. Culex fatigans, Ae normanensis, An annulipes and, at Kowanyama only, An bancroftii were the other major species collected. Several bait trapping methods were suitable for monitoring densities of Cx annulirostris and other species but mammalian baits were best. Because Cx annulirostris activity continued throughout winter even at Charleville, continuous cycles of arbovirus transmission are possible, although the potential of dormant Aedes eggs also bears investigation as a method of arbovirus survival. PMID- 44840 TI - Isolation of virus strains from mosquitoes collected in Queensland, 1972-1976. AB - 171,348 mosquitoes and 4,353 other arthropods collected at three centres in Queensland in 1972-1976 yielded 151 strains of 18 viruses. Culex annulirostris was the major source of virus isolation but 42 strains from Aedes normanensis indicate it to be a vector of importance. Ross River and Kokobera viruses were isolated at Kowanyama in the dry season, a finding of interest as being compatible with year-round survival in vector-vertebrate cycles. Culex fatigans has in part replaced Culex annulirostris in peridomestic breeding sites at Kowanyama; the infrequency of virus isolation from it suggests that this replacement may lower arbovirus infection rates. Twelve strains were identified as viruses antigenically distinct from any previously isolated in Australia or New Guinea: Ch16129, showed by the International Reference Centre for Arboviruses to be a previously undescribed member of the Simbu Group (Facey's Paddock virus), Ch16313 (Murweh), Ch19520 (Parker's Farm) and Ch19546 (little Sussex). The remaining strains were identified as viruses previously known in Australia, but included many new host or geographical records. PMID- 44841 TI - Canine Gaucher disease--the enzymic defect. AB - beta-Glucosidase activity was investigated in tissues from a case of canine Gaucher disease and from a normal dog. In the latter, enzyme activity showed two pH optima at pH 4-0-4-25 and pH 5-0-5-5. In Gaucher disease tissues, negligible activity could be measured at the mouse acidic pH. PMID- 44842 TI - Synthesis and degradation of NAD in guinea pig cardiac muscle: II. Studies about the different biosynthetic pathways and the corresponding intermediates. PMID- 44844 TI - [Reciprocal responses to macular stimulation of neurons localized in the region of the forelimb and of the hindlimb of Deiters nucleus]. AB - In decerebrate cats with cerebellum intact the frequency response of 102 neurons located within the lateral vestibular nucleus (NVL) to sinusoidal stimulation of vestibular receptors was analyzed. Positional sensitive units, showing a reciprocal pattern of response to lateral tilting characterized by an excitation during ipsilateral and a depression during contralateral tilt, were equally found in the rostroventral (forelimb) and dorsocaudal (hindlimb) divisions of the NVL. No unit was found to be excited during both ipsilateral and contralateral tilts. A comparison between these findings and those reported in cerebellectomized preparations indicates that the reciprocal pattern of response to tilt of neurons, particularly located in the hindlimb region of the NVL, depends upon the anatomical integrity of the cerebellum. PMID- 44843 TI - The role of ATP and lactic acid for mitochondrial function during myocardial ischemia. AB - Phosphorylation rates of canine heart mitochondria isolated after various periods of myocardial ischemia after cardioplegic arrest were correlated with the myocardial ATP-, lactate- and undissociated lactic acid content as well as with interstitial H+-concentration. The following correlation coefficients were found: ATP: 0.87, lactate: 0.93, interstitial H+: 0.73. The calculated undissociated lactic acid content and the mitochondrial phosphorylation rate during ischemia showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.95. Swelling measurements of mitochondria, isolated immediately after cardioplegic arrest, demonstrated that an undissociated lactic acid- and an ATP-concentration of 70 microM and 28 microM respectively are necessary for a half maximal swelling reaction under anaerobic conditions. The results suggest that the accumulation of undissociated lactic acid during myocardial ischemia could play an important role for mitochondrial damage in vivo. PMID- 44845 TI - [Mechanism of the increase of plasma renin activity (PRA) in environmental hyperthermia]. PMID- 44846 TI - Effect of antihistamines on anaphylactoid oedema in rats using a modified plethysmometer for measuring foot volume. AB - This study reports the quantitative effect of the H1--and H2--receptor antagonists on dextran-induced anaphylactoid oedema in rats. The findings indicate that mepyramine, promethazine and chlorpromazine which are H1--receptor antagonists significantly inhibited this anaphylactoid oedema. While on the other hand burimamide an H2--receptor antagonist at doses below 500 micrograms/kg inhibit dextran-induced oedema but at higher doses enhances oedema formation in the test rats. E.D50 values obtained for mepyramine, chlorpromazine and promethazine are 5.01 mg/kg, 0.36 mg/kg, 1.78 mg/kg respectively. The dual effects of burimamide on dextran-induced oedema merits further investigation and confirmation with the aid of other H1--and/or H2--receptor systems. A modification of the plethysmometric method of Buttle et. al. (1957) is also described. PMID- 44847 TI - Computer applications in fermentation technology. Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Computer Applications in Fermentation Technology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 28-30, 1978 sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the University of Pennsylvania. PMID- 44848 TI - Use of an immobilized penicillinase electrode in the monitoring of the penicillin fermentation. PMID- 44849 TI - Optimization of erythromycin biosynthesis by controlling pH and temperature: theoretical aspects and practical application. PMID- 44850 TI - [Proceedings of the 24th world conference of the Union Internationale contre la Tuberculose. Part 4. Brussels, 5-9 September 1978]. PMID- 44851 TI - The 1979 Annual Meeting of the American Rheumatism Association. PMID- 44852 TI - Haemagglutinating activity of Corynebacterium xerosis isolated from human periodontal lesions. PMID- 44853 TI - [Effect of transmembrane potential on noradrenaline transport in chromaffin granules]. AB - Imposing a transmembrane potential positive with respect to the medium on chromaffin granule ghosts increased the initial rate of the delta pH-induced uptake of noradrenaline, whereas imposing a negative potential decreased this rate. The increase of the uptake rate was proportional to the potential. The ATP induced uptake of noradrenaline was also sensitive to the potential since imposing a transient negative potential onto the positive potential generated by the membrane ATPase induced a latency in this transport. PMID- 44854 TI - [Evolution in time of transmitter release at frog neuromuscular junction]. AB - It has previously been shown that the unitary quantal end-plate potentials observed at synapses blocked by low Ca++ high Mg++ ringer, belong to distinct clusters according to their amplitude, time to peak and latency characteristics. These clusters correspond probably to distinct releasing units dispersed along the presynaptic terminal branches. The distribution versus time of the occurence of unitary potentials belonging to one latency cluster has been studied over long lasting evoked nerve activity (stimulation frequencies: 1 to 10 Hz). It was observed that transmitter release at one releasing site is statistically periodic with emitting periods separated by rest periods. At a given end-plate the period of emitting activity seems to be independent from one emitting site to another. PMID- 44855 TI - Comparative attachment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and of gonococcal pili to various mammalian sperm. PMID- 44856 TI - Brain striatal tyrosine hydroxylase: activation of the enzyme by cyclic AMP independent phosphorylation. PMID- 44858 TI - Naito International Symposium on 'biorhythm and its central mechanism'. Keidanzen Kaikan, Tokyo, Japan, August 30--September 2, 1978. PMID- 44857 TI - Sex chromatin survey in Kashmir population with special reference to acidity. PMID- 44859 TI - Schizophrenia: the nature of the psychological disturbance and its possible neurochemcial basis. AB - The diagnosis of schizophrenia is established principally by the presence of certain psychological symptoms which although subjective can be reliably assessed by standardized interviewing procedures. The most characteristic symptoms (Schneider's first-rank symptoms) fall into three groups: (a) auditory hallucinations of particular types, (b) 'ego-boundary disturbances', including intrusions into the stream of consciousness attributed to external agencies, and (c) delusional perception. Symptoms closely resembling those seen in schizophrenia can be induced in non-schizophrenic individuals by amphetamine-like drugs, and both these symptoms and those of schizophrenia are ameliorated by neuroleptic drugs (the major tranquillizers). Amphetamines facilitate and neuroleptic drugs diminish neural transmission mediated by the chemical substance dopamine. In recent post-mortem studies on patients who had suffered brom schizophrenia, it was found that dopamine release was not increased. However, in some cases there was evidence of increased sensitivity of the dopamine receptor. PMID- 44860 TI - [Present nosology of the affective disorders (author's transl)]. AB - The present nosology of the affective disorders seems accurate enough to enable valid definitions and classifications to be made, despite the differences between the countries and the methods of approach. Nevertheless, there has been much controversy regarding different clinical types, similar or opposite, and notably about whether the pathogenesis and etiology are single multiple. Consideration must be given not only to the clinical form presenting but also to the course (episodic, recurrent or chronic) and to the circadian variations. Moreover, it is absolutely essential to distinguish in the nosology, on the one hand, the clinical picture proper and, on the other hand, the aetiology or the psychic structure. Thus, a simple depression may be related to an endogenous process and a melancholic state may be reactive. The theoretical problems of classification may justify the use of multivariate analysis. However, it is doubtful whether sophisticated methods are absolutely necessary in clinical practice. PMID- 44861 TI - [The inversion of mood (author's transl)]. AB - It is for a good reason that the colloquium is entitled Affective disorders and not Depression: in reality there is a profound unity between elation and depression and we have to ask ourselves whether there may be inversion of mood in any case of elation and vice-versa. Mood inversion occurs in various conditions: depression sets in a previously elated person, finally overwhelmed by the consequences of his acts; or elation may occur as an over-compensation for the pain of loss. These two situations lead either to a paradoxical content of the patient's talk or to a metapsychological elaboration. Finally, the change may take place without there being a clear psychological formulation. The concomitants of these phenomena, involving the biological amines or the neurotransmitters, must be elucidated. Clinically, there are two types of problem: the problem of the premonitory signs of inversion of mood and the problem of attempting to prevent it. PMID- 44862 TI - [Biochemical methodology for studying affective disorders]. AB - Defects in brain neurotransmitter function are believed to be involved in the aetiology of mood disorders, and model systems are based on this concept. Abnormalities in synthesis, storage, release, reuptake or catabolism of monamines, GABA, glycine, taurine, peptides and purines may occur. There may also be an endogenous psychotogen--an aberrant metabolite of a transmitter. Models are divided into two groups. 1. Human. Brain, CSF, blood cells (platelets, erythrocytes), plasma and urine have been analysed for neurotransmitters or metabolites. Particular emphasis has been given to serotonin (5-HT) and the catecholamines, dopamine and noradrenaline. 2. Animal. Human mood disorders may be stimulated by drug-induced behavioural changes in animals (hyperactivity, stereotyped behaviour sedation). The above biochemical parameters relating to neuronal function can then be assessed. Brain neuronal pathways can be stimulated in animals with monoamine precursors and MAO inhibitor drugs. This drug-induced hyperactivity can be used to "evaluate" therapeutic techniques such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Model analogues of mood disorder have limited use until human disease aetiology is known, currently the best use of models may be for demonstration and evaluation of particular similarities between human mood disorders and drug-induced alterations of animal behavioural patterns. PMID- 44863 TI - [Depression and sleep (author's transl)]. AB - Sleep is affected in depression; insomnia is common, sleep of normal duration and hypersomnia less common. All-night studies have shown changes of the two types of sleep. Deep non-REM sleep is abolished during the course of the illness and sometimes also after remission. Paradoxical sleep, which may be reduced or increased in duration, starts sooner after the onset of sleep. According to Kupfler, ease of production of that sleep is specific to primary depression, unipolar or bipolar. A possible relationship between paradoxical sleep and certain types of depression is suggested by the fact that the tricyclic and MAOI antidepressant drugs and lithium reduce or suppress that sleep. Finally, deprivation of paradoxical sleep by repeated waking during the night has been put forward as a form of treatment. Despite the heterogeneous nature of depression, findings at present which show paradoxical sleep pressure provide a pathophysiological basis for the biological problems posed. PMID- 44864 TI - [Iatrogenic depression (author's transl)]. AB - A number of drugs are traditionally blamed for causing depression: in general medicine, the antihypertensives, the oral contraceptives and the appetite suppressants; in psychiatry, the neuroleptics. The identification of iatrogenic depression is difficult methodologically, for two reasons: 1. Detection of the depression. 2. Linking convincingly that state of depression with the administration of a particular drug, given the presence of many non pharmacological factors. The literature and the experience of clinicians provide fairly contradictory evidence, but an analysis of published work calls for the following observations: --the type and severity of depression are rarely specified;--a history of psychiatric disorder is commonly stressed;--the specific role of the disability caused by physical or mental illness and the need to use palliative rather than curative measures are usually underestimated;- biochemically, it is surprising that the effects which some of these drugs are known to have upon the cerebral amines do not cause more depression of mood. In fact, if we consider how widely the drugs incriminated are used, it is clear that real drug-caused depression is rather uncommon. PMID- 44865 TI - [Discussion of reports on the pathogenesis of affective disorders]. PMID- 44866 TI - [Classification of the antidepressants (author's transl)]. AB - The antidepressants can be classified chemically. The standard division is between the tricyclic antidepressants and the chemically heterogeneous MAOIs. Many other compounds can be included among the antidepressants, e.g. the bicyclics and possibly also the beta-stimulants, the alpha-blockers and ions such as rubidium. As regards the mechanisms of action, we have the antidepressants which act selectively upon serotonin and those which act more particularly upon noradrenaline. This notion must be extended. Dopamine may be involved in certain depressive syndromes and also other systems may have a role, such as electrolyte systems, cell permeability and the multiple influences which have a bearing upon the monoamines. Finally, the effect upon receptors and their nature are discussed. A third type of classification refers to the therapeutic spectrum of the drug. We have the sedative antidepressants, active in agitated depression and the stimulant antidepressants which are active in retarded depression. However, the two categories of antidepressants have the same global antidepressant action. PMID- 44867 TI - [Unilateral and bilateral shock therapy: mechanism of action (author's transl)]. AB - The unilateral and bilateral therapy differ in psycho-organic effects but have the same antidepressive efficiency. This is due to the facts that the organic effects are mainly caused by the electrical current whereas the antidepressive effect is dependent on the seizure activity. Compared to the bilateral treatment, unilateral gives reduced confusion, anterograde and retrograde amnesia as well as reduced experience of memory impairment. The difference is explained by a lower density of current in the brain. The unilateral treatment should be the treatment to be chosen. The antidepressive action of ECT fits the amine hypothesis, ECT causes a sustained increase of the synthesis of norepinephrine and of the sensitivity of amine receptors and creates conditions for alleviating both "low output" and "low-sensitivity" depression. The antidepressive action is probably mediated by release of hypothalamic neurohormones. PMID- 44868 TI - [Depressive symptomatology and type of treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Details of treatment remain imprecise in depression, as the trials of antidepressants have been more concerned with overall effectiveness than with specificity. The aetiology in depression does not provide sufficient guidance for treatment, even though drugs are preferred for endogenous depression and psychotherapy for neurotic depression. An unitary formulation of depression can be postulated on the basis of the concept of regression; endogenous and reactive depression would then stem from the nature of the depressed subject's personality. Such an approach can encompass the various possible aetiologies in depression: biochemical, psychological and social, without necessarily contrasting them. In this connection, depression is a psychobiological syndrome within which there may be different symptomatic pictures, depending notably upon the various monoamine hypotheses raised in numerous studies. In that event, possible correlations between biochemical abnormalities and certain clinical manifestations may better guide the selection of drugs. PMID- 44869 TI - [The research of new antidepressants: present orientations (author's transl)]. AB - A number of promising antidepressant compounds are presently either being developed in the laboratory or are being tested clinically by pharmaceutical firms and universities around the world. New compounds are sought which will provide: 1. fewer side effects, particularly anticholinergic and cardiovascular effects; 2. more rapid onset of action than 7-10 days required of most antidepressants now used; 3. efficacy in a higher percentage of patients than the 65-70 per cent estimated to respond to currently available antidepressant therapies. Compounds now being investigated include: new tricyclics which are unlike those commonly in use; the tetracyclics; the salts of naturally occurring cations such as lithium and rubidium; and various chemically unrelated new compounds. In addition, several drugs currently being tested as anorectics seem promising for future antidepressant drugs research. PMID- 44870 TI - [Mechanisms of action of the antidepressants (author's transl)]. AB - The tricyclic and related antidepressants reduce monoamine uptake at the synapses, block the presynaptic receptors and, after chronic administration, act upon the synthesis of the monoamines and the sensitivity of the post-synaptic receptors. The NA and 5-HT synapses are influenced to different degrees by the antidepressants: for example, desipramine has a preponderance of activity at NA synapses and clomipramine at 5-HT synapses. By combining these findings and by highlighting one or other of these properties, it is possible to come to diametrically opposite conclusions upon the effect of the antidepressants upon monoamine performance (activation or inhibition) and to develop many models of the mechanisms of antidepressant action. The authors describe some of these and stress the model which is at the basis of the studies being carried out at the Department of Psychiatry of the University of Geneva. PMID- 44871 TI - [Amineptine, a new antidepressant: pharmacological review (author's transl)]. AB - Amineptine is a tricyclic derivative with a 7-carbon chain of aminoacids. Chemical alterations of the aminoacid chain have revealed its importance in the shaping of the pharmacological effects. The drug is rapidly absorbed. Amineptine is metabolised principally by beta-hydroxylation of the chain. The pharmacological profile at different doses is as follows: a. 0.1 mg/kg: reduction of exploratory behaviour, b. 1 mg/kg: reduction of serum prolactin level, c. 5 mg/kg: potentiation of L-5 HTP, d. 10 mg/kg: antagonism of the effects of reserpine and of tetrabenazine, e. increased activity and social behaviour, EEG alerting effect limited to 1 hour and increase in paradoxical sleep (15 to 20 mg/kg). This pharmacological profile suggests an effect of amineptine upon certain dopamine structures. At synapse, neurobiochemistry confirms a mechanism of inhibition of DA incorporation and inhibition of uptake and/or release of 5 HT. Amineptine is virtually devoid of peripheral activity, particularly anticholinergic Amineptine may be indicated for the treatment of depression where retardation is dominant. PMID- 44872 TI - Allogeneic marrow grafting for acute leukemia: a follow-up of long-term survivors. AB - We have reported 100 consecutive patients with refractory acute leukemia treated with chemotherapy, total body irradiation (TBI) and marrow from an HLA identical sibling. At the time of the report 17 patients were alive after 11-53 months. All patients have now been followed more than 3 years. At the time of the last report 4 of the 17 patients had relapsed: two in the marrow, one in the central nervous system and one in the testicle. Three of these four patients have died of their disease 27, 34 and 50 months following transplant. The patient with a solitary testicular relapse remains in complete remission 49 months after local irradiation without concomitant systemic therapy. One other patient died 26 months following transplantation from cardiopulmonary complications following multiple respiratory infections. Of the 13 surviving patients, three suffer from chronic graft-versus-host disease. Summaries of the problems encountered in these patients after the first 100 days are presented. Ten of the original 100 patients are living productive lives 36-80 months after transplantation. The data clearly demonstrate that long-term unmaintained remissions are possible in a small fraction of patients with terminal leukemia treated with various chemotherapy regimens and TBI followed by marrow transplantation. PMID- 44873 TI - Neurotensin inhibits glucose but not glucagon-induced insulin and somatostatin release in isolated islets. AB - The effects of neurotensin on insulin and somatostatin release were examined in isolated pancreatic islets prepared from 3-4 days rats, and maintained in culture for 48 h before use. In the presence of 12 mM glucose, glucagon (50-2,000 ng/ml, i.e. 14-560 nM) caused a 2-fold increase in insulin and somatostatin release. Neurotensin (150 ng/ml, i.e., 100 nM) did not affect the glucagon-stimulated release, nor did it alter the release of either peptide measured at 12 mM glucose in the absence of glucagon. In contrast, neurotension markedly inhibited the release of both insulin and somatostatin that was induced by 23 mM glucose. These observations suggest that neurotensin may modulate the release of insulin and somatostatin evoked by high glucose concentrations, but not that resulting from the action of glucagon on pancreatic islets. PMID- 44874 TI - Arginine-induced hypophosphatemia and hyperkaliemia in man. AB - The effects of a 0.5 g/kg body weight arginine infusion on plasma inorganic phosphates and potassium were examined in nineteen normal subjects. Plasma phosphorus displayed a highly significant (p less than 0.001) fall with a maximum depression below baseline of 1.11 +/- 0.15 mg/100 ml or 33 +/- 3% (mean +/- SEM); there was a significant correlation (p less than 0.01) between this fall and the insulin peaks induced by arginine. Plasma potassium levels displayed a distinct and significant increase in eleven of the twelve subjects studied; the maximum increase above baseline was 1.02 +/- 0.14 mEq/1 or 27 +/- 4.5% (p less than 0.001). No change occurred in blood pH values determined in four subjects. In six normal subjects, the test was repeated with the addition of somatostatin (250 micrograms bolus, followed by 500 micrograms/hr), which abolished the insulin and growth hormone response to arginine. It also abolished the fall in plasma phosphorus but appeared (if anything) to augment the increase in potassium. These findings show that arginine is responsible for a fall in plasma phosphorus related to the insulin response, and for an increase in plasma potassium of clinical significance, the mechanism(s) of which, however, are still obscure. PMID- 44875 TI - [20th Scientific Meeting of the Polish Gynecologic Society, Warsaw, 6-8 October 1977]. PMID- 44876 TI - [Effect of environment of the electric power plant Turow on the female body]. PMID- 44877 TI - Prolactin response and extrapyramidal side effects during propranolol and neuroleptic drugs treatment in chronic schizophrenic patients. PMID- 44878 TI - Proceedings of the American Radium Society's 62nd annual meeting 28 April-1 May 1980. PMID- 44879 TI - Quantitation of the information content of multi-dimensional gas chromatography and low-resolution mass spectrometry in the identification of doping drugs. AB - On the basis of information theory, a comparison of the performance of the identification of compounds by multi-dimensional gas chromatography and binary encoded low-resolution mass spectrometry is made for doping drugs. This group of compounds was not selected at random but according to their pharmocological effects. For these compounds it was observed that the m/e values of the peaks in the mass spectra are highly correlated, while a number of chromatographic columns can be found on which the retention data are only slightly correlated. As a result, the information content of two-dimensional gas chromatographic retention data on such columns equals the information content of binary-encoded low resolution mass spectra. It is shown that the accuracy and precision of retention data in gas--liquid chromatography, and therefore the information content, can be significantly improved if the data are corrected for adsorption effects of the solid support and extrapolated to a limiting value in the case of asymmetric peaks. PMID- 44880 TI - [Place of routine amnioscopy in the screening of fetal distress (author's transl)]. AB - In order to assess the benefits of routine amnioscopy in the screening of fetal distress, the CTG score, the pH of umbilical artery and the Apgar score were determined and compared in two groups of patients: one group had meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), the other (control) had clear amniotic fluid. Although the prepathological and pathological CTG scores were more frequent in the MSAF group, the values of the umbilical artery pH had the same distribution in the two groups. The percentage of acidotic fetuses in the MSAF group is very low (2.9 p. 100) and practically the same as in the control group (2.5 p. 100). The Apgar score distribution at one and five minutes is also the same in the two groups. The distribution of CTG scores in acidotic fetuses is the same in the two groups, but the pre-acidotic fetuses born with meconial fluid have more often a pre pathological or pathological CTG score. Fetuses with normal or suspect CTG-score and nevertheless acidotic or pre-acidotic pH values at birth are equally present whether the liquid is stained or not. Amnioscopy is therefore of no help even in this situation. In conclusion, the discovery of a MSAF is the manifestation of fetal hypoxia in only 2.9 p. 100 of cases: the detection of this condition is better achieved by CTG recordings than by routine amnioscopy. PMID- 44881 TI - [Studies on exo-type of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in rat parotid gland--the variation of the basic and acidic forms of the enzyme in the subcellular fractions (author's transl)]. PMID- 44882 TI - 1979 Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. PMID- 44883 TI - On the role of cyclic nucleotides in tumor of human nervous tissue: an overview. PMID- 44884 TI - Studies on the reaction between pyridine nucleotides and mercury compounds in artificial intracellular and extracellular fluids. AB - The strong complex formations of pyridine nucleotides with mercury compounds were demonstrated in artificial intracellular fluid containing oxianions (HPO42-, HCO3 ), while those in artificial extracellular fluid were considerably weaker. Dissociation constants (K) of the complexes of [MC.NADP], [MC.NADPH], [MC.NAD], [MC.NADH], [MC.adenine], and [MC.nicotinamide mononucleotide] were found to be 1.0 x 10(-4), 2.6 x 10(-5), 1.2 x 10(-4), 2.9 x 10(-5), 7.2 x 10(-6), and 3.8 x 10(-3), respectively in phosphate buffer (43 mM, pH 8.0). PMID- 44885 TI - [The 19th annual meeting of the Japanese & Society of Nuclear Medicine. Abstracts (author's transl)]. PMID- 44886 TI - A redefinition of normal acid-base equilibrium in man: carbon dioxide tension as a key determinant of normal plasma bicarbonate concentration. AB - It has been shown recently that normal acid-base equilibrium in the dog is characterized by a strong positive correlation between plasma bicarbonate concentration and PCO2. The present study was undertaken to examine the possibility that a similar relationship between normal levels of PCO2 and plasma bicarbonate might be present in man. The results indicate that values for bicarbonate within the normal range are highly dependent upon the prevailing level of PCO2 ([HCO3-] = 0.36 PaVCO2 + 10.4; r = 0.73). Thus, approximately 50% of the normal variance in bicarbonate concentration is explained simply by the variance in PCO2. The joint confidence region for bicarbonate concentration and PCO2, that can be derived from these data provides a new and more rigorous definition of normal acid-base equilibrium in man. PMID- 44887 TI - Further observations on a low-molecular-weight natriuretic substance in the urine of normal man. AB - Large quantities of the low-molecular-weight natriuretic material (F4), which appears after the salts when fractionated on G-25 Sephadex column, were obtained from the urine of normal man on a normal diet. The natriuretic substance in F4 was (1) untrafiltrable through a membrane with a claimed molecular-weight cut-off of 500 daltons (Amicon UMO5); (2) soluble in more polar organic solvents; (3) totally soluble in 95% acetone when specific activity was doubled; (4) relatively resistant to heating at 100 degrees C for 1 hour at a pH of 10, and to heating at 110 degrees C in 6 N hydrochloric acid for up to 90 hours under anaerobic conditions, and treatment with nitrous acid; it was less resistant to these procedures when extracted into 95% acetone; (5) not destroyed by trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, pepsin, leucine aminopeptidase, and subtilysin, nor was it destroyed by pepsin, leucine aminopeptidase, subtilysin, carboxypeptidase A and B, and aminopeptidase M, or by monoamine oxidase, aryl sulphatase, and beta glucuronidase when extracted into 95% acetone. The natriuretic substance in the 95% acetone-soluble F4 was totally destroyed by incubation with prolidase. The least amount of 95% acetone-soluble F4 required to produce a significant natriuresis in the bioassay rat was that derived from a 7-min sample of urine. The maximal response was obtained from a 30-min sample of urine. Continuous i.v. infusion of the 95% acetone-soluble F4 for 40 min produced a sustained natriuresis, whereas a greater amount injected as a bolus produced an effect which was not sustained beyond 20 min. PMID- 44889 TI - International Symposium on Biomaterials in Dentistry and Medicine. UCLA Los Angeles USA December 27-29 1978. PMID- 44888 TI - Differing effects of acid versus neutral phosphate therapy of hypercalciuria. AB - Studies were performed on 12 patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria to evaluate the hypothesis that the acid load accompanying potassium acid phosphate would adversely affect renal calcium reabsorption and citrate excretion compared to the neutral form of the phosphate salt. During acute clearance studies, neutral phosphate (NP) led to a fall in FECa (2.2 +/- 0.6% to 0.8 +/- 0.1%, P less than 0.02) and no change in titratable acidity (TA) or net acid excretion (NAE). Acid phosphate (AP) did not reduce FECa acutely, and led to a rise in TA (22 +/- 4 to 62 +/- 6 muEq/min, P less than 0.02) and NAE (46 +/- 6 to 6 89 +/- 7 muEq/min, P less than 0.02). During chronic administration, AP resulted in higher urinary calcium excretion in both absorptive (187 +/- 29 vs. 141 +/- 18 mg/day, P less than 0.02) and renal hypercalciuric patients (233 +/- 24 vs. 173 +/- 190.02 mg/day, P less than 0.02). Also, TA and NAE were higher following AP, whereas citrate excretion was lower (375.4 +/- 64.6 vs. 633.4 +/- 28.8 mg/day, P less than 0.01). These data suggest that the reported ineffectiveness of AP in the therapy of nephrolithiasis may be related to the deleterious effects of the acid load on calcium and citrate metabolism. PMID- 44890 TI - NMR of fd coat protein. AB - The conformations of the major coat protein of a filamentous bacteriophage can be described by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the protein and the virus. The NMR experiments involve detection of the 13C and 1H nuclei of the coat protein. Both the 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra show that regions of the polypeptide chain have substantially more motion than a typical globular protein. The fd coat protein was purified by gel chromatography of the SDA solubilized virus. Natural abundance 13C NMR spectra at 38 MHz resolve all of the nonprotonated aromatic carbons from the three phenylalanines, two tyrosines, and one tryptophan of the coat protein. The alpha carbons of the coat protein show at least two different classes of relaxation behavior, indicative of substantial variation in the motion of the backbone carbons in contrast to the rigidity of the alpha carbons of globular proteins. The 1H spectrum at 360 MHz shows all of the aromatic carbons and many of the amide protons. Titration of a 1H spectra gives the pKas for the tyrosines. PMID- 44891 TI - Mitotic factors from mammalian cells: a preliminary characterization. AB - The objective of this study was the preliminary characterization of the factors from mitotic HeLa cells that can induce meiotic maturation in Xenopus laevis oocytes. We found that this factor is a heat-labile, Ca2+-sensitive, nondialyzable protein with a sedimentation value of 4-5S. Furthermore, no new protein synthesis was found to be required for this mitotic factor to induce maturation in the amphibian oocytes. These data suggest that the factors involved in the breakdown of nuclear membrane and the condensation of chromosomes that are associated with three different phenomena, mitosis, meiosis, and premature chromosome condensation, are very similar in different animal species. PMID- 44892 TI - The prescription of controlled substances: what's right and what's wrong. PMID- 44893 TI - Usefulness of propoxyphene napsylate for maintenance treatment of narcotic addiction. PMID- 44894 TI - Lack of toxicity of high dose propoxyphene napsylate when used for maintenance treatment of addiction. PMID- 44895 TI - Problems of drug dependence, 1979. Proceedings of the 41st Annual Scientific Meeting, The Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. PMID- 44896 TI - [Takayasu's disease. Study of the clinical definition]. PMID- 44897 TI - [Effects of the exercise test on changes of repolarization present in the resting electrocardiogram]. PMID- 44898 TI - [Hemodynamics of hypertension. Changes caused by beta-blocking agents]. PMID- 44899 TI - [Use of the maximal multi-stage exercise test, associated with beta-blocking drugs, in identification of the unstable ST syndrome]. PMID- 44900 TI - [XXXIst National Congress of the Italian Society of Anesthesiology, Analgesia and Resuscitation, Pesaro, 2-4 September 1979. Subject: Biohumoral aspects of shock]. PMID- 44901 TI - [Inaugural address at the Congress No. 81 of the Italian Society of Surgery, Catania, 8-11 October 1979]. PMID- 44902 TI - Distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae types in Norway. AB - A total of 129 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from nasopharyngeal specimens was typed by the Neufeld reaction using diagnostic antipneumococcus sera produced at Statens Seruminstitutt, Denmark. Most isolates (87.6%) reacted with the serum pools B (41.9%), H (34.9%), and D (10.8%) comprising the types 3, 6, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19, 23, 28, 36 AND 37. Only 12.4% of the isolates belonged to the remaining six serum pools. Among the strains reacting with serum pools B, D, and H, the most frequently encountered types were 6 (33%), 19 (18%), 3 (13%), 14 (11%), 23 (11%) and 15 (7%). Among these six types, only type 15 is not included in the available pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 44903 TI - [Inhibition of primary hemostasis and the coagulative pathway]. PMID- 44904 TI - [Platelet factor 3 (PF3) and primary hemostasis: ditazol test]. PMID- 44905 TI - [Compressive extradural lipomatosis as an unusual complication of corticosteroid therapy: one case (author's transl)]. AB - In a 43 year old man we reported a spinal cord compression by extradural lipomatosis associated with long term corticosteroid therapy for periarteritis nodosa. Decompressive surgery at the 16th month of corticosteroid treatment resulted in regression of symptoms and signs. Corticosteroid therapy was felt to be responsible for this neurological complication, which is unknown in periarteritis nodosa, but has been seen in association with intraspinal lipomas. PMID- 44906 TI - Clinical advances in oral antibiotic therapy. Proceedings of a symposium held at the Royal College of Physicians, London, September 21 and 22, 1978 sponsored by Lilly Research Laboratories. PMID- 44907 TI - Evaluation of cefaclor and amoxycillin in the treatment of acute otitis media. AB - Twenty-eight patients with acute otitis media were treated in a random double blind manner with either amoxycillin or cefaclor. The predominant organisms isolated were H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae. All patients responded satisfactorily except one, treated with cefaclor, whose compliance with the regimen was very doubtful. One instance of mild elevation of SGOT and one case of mild erythematous rash occurred in each treatment group. In this limited study, cefaclor appeared comparable to amoxycillin in the treatment of acute otitis media. PMID- 44908 TI - Treatment of acute bacterial bronchitis and pneumonia with cefaclor. AB - Sixty patients with pneumonia and/or bronchitis were treated with cefaclor, a new orally administered cephalosporin. Of those 60, 27 adults were treated with 500 mg every 8 hours, 26 adults with 250 mg every 6 hours, and 7 children with 50 mg/kg/day. In the adults, pneumonia was caused most frequently by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. The 7 children had pneumococcal pneumonia. All but 2 adults, both elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, were successfully treated. One instance of drug hypersensitivity occurred. All 7 children responded rapidly, with no side effects, to cefaclor therapy. PMID- 44909 TI - Cefaclor: clinical and bacteriological evaluation in 45 cases. AB - This report deals with studies of the effectiveness, tolerance and toxicity of cefaclor in the treatment of 45 patients with urinary tract infections (40 cases) and pneumonia (5 cases) caused by susceptible pathogens. Cefaclor was administered orally in a dosage of 1 to 3 g per day for 7 to 11 days. Clinical and laboratory examinations were performed before, during, at the end of treatment, and 4 weeks later in cases of urinary infection. All 5 patients with pneumonia and bronchopneumonia were cured. Clinical and bacteriological cures were obtained in 28 (70%) of the 40 cases of urinary tract infections. Identification and typing of microorganisms, disk sensitivity tests, minimal inhibitory concentrations and cefaclor blood levels also were determined. PMID- 44910 TI - Comparative in vitro microbiological activity and stability of cefaclor. AB - The in vitro activity of cefaclor was compared with that of cephalexin and cephradine. This new antibiotic was the most active of the oral agents against Haemophilus influenzae (especially non-beta-lactamase producing strains). It was also significantly more active against N. gonorrhoeae and the Enterobacteriaceae. The instability in agar raises some issues that need further study. PMID- 44911 TI - Diuretic-induced renal impairment without volume depletion in cirrhosis: changes in the renin-angiotensin system and the effect of beta-adrenergic blockade. AB - In 4 patients with cirrhosis and ascites, diuretic therapy resulted in an impairment of renal function that was associated with a rise in plasma renin activity (PRA). In 3, this occurred in the absence of volume depletion. When diuretics were discontinued, renal function returned to normal. beta-adrenergic blocking drugs were then given to suppress renin secretion and diuretics restarted. On this occasion, impairment of renal function did not occur. In 2 further patients, administration of beta-adrenergic blockers during a period of diuretic-induced renal impairment resulted in an improvement in renal function. Although these findings may indicate that diuretic-induced renal impairment in cirrhosis is at least partly due to activation of the renin-angiotensin system, in another group of patients a diuretic-induced rise in PRA was not associated with a deterioration in renal function. PMID- 44912 TI - Adverse reactions to medication on a coronary care unit. AB - In a prospective survey of treatment on a coronary care unit 23.6% of patients who received medication had one or more side effects. In several cases these were severe enough to cause marked deterioration of the patient's clinical status. Whilst antiarrhythmic therapy is an integral part of modern coronary care its potential hazards should be recognized, particularly in the elderly patient. PMID- 44913 TI - Potassium clorazepate (Tranxene)-induced jaundice. AB - A first report of jaundice and hepatic necrosis probably due to potassium clorazepate is described. The histology is discussed and it is suggested that the drug should not be given in the presence of suspected hepatic dysfunction. PMID- 44914 TI - RDT with acetate-free bicarbonate buffered dialysis fluid: long-term effects on lipid pattern, acid-base balance and oxygen delivery. AB - Thirteen uraemic patients with hypertriglyceridaemia were treated for 9 months with acetate-free, bicarbonate containing dialysis fluid. With this treatment more physiological correction of acid-base balance and better tissue oxygenation were obtained. This fact can explain the better tolerance to treatment we have seen. In 9 of these patients triglyceride levels fell significantly on bicarbonate treatment; they shifted back to higher values after return to acetate dialysis. No changes were found in the other 4 patients. PMID- 44915 TI - The influence of acetate versus bicarbonate on patient symptomatology during dialysis. AB - The effect of large-surface area dialysis (LS) using dialysate containing both acetate and bicarbonate (LS-C) on a patient's symptomatology was compared with that noted with acetate (LS-A) or bicarbonate (LS-B) in the dialysis fluid. Patients experienced significantly more symptoms and deterioration of objective performance test scores with both LS-A and LS-C than LS-B. Furthermore, a correlation was seen between plasma acetate level at the end of dialysis and decrement in the performance test scores. The results suggest that accumulation of acetate rather than acute alteration in acid-base status is primarily responsible for the morbidity. PMID- 44916 TI - Acute effects of propranolol and metoprolol on plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in uraemic patients. AB - Nine uraemic patients not yet on dialysis received IV 1 microgram/kg/min of propranolol for 85 min after a priming dose of 1 mg. Fifteen days later six of them received IV 1.2 microgram/kg/min of metoprolol after a priming dose of 1.2 mg. Plasma concentrations of PTH and calcitonin decreased significantly with propranolol but not with metoprolol. No change was observed with either drug as regards plasma concentration of total and ionised Ca and PO4. Heart rate was decreased similarly with both drugs. We conclude that (i) propranolol acutely suppresses PTH and Calcitonin secretion in uraemic patients. This warrants further studies to assess its long term effects on the secretion of these hormones and on renal osteodystrophy; (ii) the contrast between the significant effect of propranolol and the lack of effect with metoprolol supports the concept that PTH and CT secretion are moderated through specific beta 2 receptors. PMID- 44917 TI - Effect of haemofiltration (HF) and haemodialysis (HD) on erythrocyte organic phosphates in uraemic patients. PMID- 44918 TI - Chemical relaxation studies on the horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase system. AB - Chemical relaxation studies on the system horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and ethanol were conducted observing fluorescence changes between 400 and 500 nm. Temperature-jump experiments were performed at pH 6.5, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0; concentration-jump experiments at pH 9.0. The reciprocal of the slowest relaxation time was found to be linearly dependent upon the enzyme concentration for relatively low enzyme concentrations, as predicted earlier. Use of the wide pH-range necessitated expression of the four apparent dissociation constants of the catalytic reaction cycle in terms of pH independent constants. The system was described in terms of only one (or two) catalysis-linked protons not associated with the electron transfer. Protonic steps in a buffered system are in rapid equilibrium, too fast to be measured with the equipment available. Assuming only two of the four bimolecular reaction steps in the four-step cycle are fast compared to the remaining two, six cases may be considered with six expressions for the reciprocal of the slowest relaxation time. Comparison with the experimental data revealed that the bimolecular reaction steps governing the slowest relaxation time change with pH. Above the effective time resolution of the temperature-lump instrument with fluorescence detection (0.1 msec) only one other relaxation time was detectable and only at pH 9. This relaxation time, found to be independent of the concentration of all reactants within experimental error (r = 10 +/- 5 msec), is most likely due to an interconversion among ternary complexes. PMID- 44919 TI - The pineal gland of vertebrates including man. Proceedings of the 1st Colloquium of the European Pineal Study Group (EPSG), held at the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, on 20-24 November, 1978. PMID- 44920 TI - The peptidyltransferase center of ribosomes. PMID- 44921 TI - [The arteriographic picture of Takayasu's disease in childhood]. PMID- 44922 TI - Immunochemical characterization of surface antigens of Bacteroides melaninogenicus. AB - Major surface antigens of Bactmbrane complex by gentle methods, purified, and characterized immunochemically. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was found to be chemically distinct from the LPS of facultative gram-negative bacteria in that it lacked two core sugars, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and heptose, as well as beta hydroxymyristic acid, the predominant fatty acid in the lipid A moiety. The LPS was further atypical in that it had a very low level of biologic activity. A capsular polysaccharide was demonstrated morphologically by electron microscopy with ruthenium red staining and a ferritin-labeled antibody technique. This antigen was shown to be subspecies-specific by indirect immunofluorescence. Antibody to the capsular polysaccharide was measured by an enzyme-linked immunospecific assay. The presence of a relatively impotent LPS and a surface capsular antigen may partly explain the rarity of bacteremia and septic shock due to B. melaninogenicus subspecies asaccharolyticus and the common association of this organism with abscess formation. PMID- 44923 TI - The role of Bacteroides melaninogenicus and other anaerobes in periodontal infections. AB - Recent taxonomic and anatomical studies of dental plaque associated with periodontal health and disease have demonstrated that differences in the microbial populations in plaque may be responsible for the initiation and progression of disease. The consistent isolation of large numbers of anaerobic and capnophilic bacteria from the depths of periodontal lesions has suggested an important role for these organisms. Bacteria that have been isolated include Capnocytophaga (Bacteroides ochraceus), other species of Bacteroides, Fusobacterium, Selenomonas, spirochetes, Campylobacter, Veillonella, Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, Peptococcus, and other genera. The periodontopathic potential of oral strains of Bacteroides melaninogenicus has been explored in a number of investigations because these organisms are consistently isolated from periodontal lesions. Studies of B. melaninogenicus have included purification of a capsular substance, characterization of the lipopolysaccharide and a variety of toxic substances and lytic enzymes, and ecologic aspects of its colonization. Understanding of the nature and pathogenic mechanisms of the oral microbiota may lead to control of this pandemic infection. PMID- 44924 TI - Virulence factors of anaerobic bacteria: summary of the symposium. PMID- 44925 TI - [Healthy and diseased muscles]. PMID- 44926 TI - Prostaglandins: role in the humoral manifestations of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and inhibition by somatostatin. PMID- 44927 TI - Selective inhibition of rat and human cardiac guanylate cyclase by doxorubicin (adriamycin): possible link to anthracycline cardiotoxicity. PMID- 44928 TI - [Fructose and citric acid content in the sperm of stud males with forms of impotencia generandi]. AB - Fructose and citric acid content was investigated in the sperm of 27 bulls with anamnesis data for "low quality sperm". The bulls were used as breeding males in various stations for artificial insemination. Three forms of Imp. generandi are described and several grades of Oligokinospermia are differentiated. Changes in fructose and citric acid quantity differed in degree in the various forms of Imp. generandi described. Fructose and citric acid value in I and II grade Oligokinospermia were insignificantly lower than the low limit of these indices observed in bulls with normal spermoproduction. Correlation between the changes observed is positive, slight, insignificant or entirely missing. Fructose content is insignificantly lower in cases of III and IV grade Oligokinospermia and in Akinospermia, while citric acid content is reduced only in Akinospermia. The correlation between the changes is positive , high and significant. Fructose reduction in bull's semen below 400.0 mg% and of citric acid below 500.0 mg% in case of negative data for inflammatory changes in vesiculae seminalis is a diagnostic symptom for disfunction of vesiculae seminalis. More considerable changes occur in fructose values. PMID- 44929 TI - The role of adrenergic receptors in the regulation of gastric motility in the rat. AB - Gastric motility was investigated under the effect of adrenergic receptor agonist and antagonist substances in albino rats of both sexes and weighing 150 to 180 g. Gastric evacuation was studied, after introducing 2 ml/100 g of Novobarium suspension in the stomach, by radioscopy and radiography. Epinephrine (Tonogen) was found to inhibit gastric motility, this inhibition being effective even after pylorotomy. The dominantly alpha adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (Sympathomim) had not any effect; the alpha blocker phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline) slightly depressed gastric evaluation. A marked inhibitory influence was noted with stimulating the beta receptors by isoproterenol (Prophylon), while propranolol (Inderal) slightly accelerated gastric evacuation by blocking beta receptors. A pretreatment by phenoxybenzamine of the animals did not affect epinephrine influence whereas a pretreatment by propranolol completely abolished the inhibitory effect of epinephrine on gastric motility. These results suggest the presence of a slight beta receptor tone in gastric motility at rest, and indicate further that epinephrine exerts its inhibitory effect on gastric motility via adrenergic beta receptors. PMID- 44930 TI - [Toxicological and chemical methods in the clinical laboratory]. PMID- 44931 TI - Do mosquitoes breed in maiza plant axils? AB - One thousand five hundred and seven tasselled maize plants in Lusaka and 96 in a rural village where mosquitoes were plentiful, have been surveyed. About 28% of plants contained water mainly around developing cobs. No mosquito larvae were found. It is concluded that maize slashing as part of the programme for malaria control is unjustified. PMID- 44932 TI - Ecological studies on Azotobacter in Egyptian soils. AB - The present survey includes 156 representative soil samples. Results obtained confirm the richness of Egyptian soils, particularly the Nile Valley soils, in Azotobacter (60% of the samples contained greater than 10(3) colonies/g soil). Colony counts were lower than MPN estimations. Glucose is recommended for use in plating medium. Among the environmental factors affecting Azotobacter densities in soils of Egypt are: organic carbon content, total soluble salt content, pH and type of the soil, depth, cultivation, and standing crop. Pot experiments performed indicated that high incubation temperature (30, 37 degrees C) markedly enhanced development of Azotobacter as well as the gains of total nitrogen, particularly when soils are amended with 1% maize straw and incubated for 12 months. A. chrococcum was the most prevalent speciee; A. vinelandii was encountered as well. The analysis of some samples, representing soils of near Middle Eastern as well as North African countries, indicated the common occurrence of Azotobacter in these soils. Beijerinckia could not be detected in any of Egyptian or non-Egyptian samples examined. PMID- 44933 TI - Effect of ruthenium on nitrogen fixation by some nitrogen fixers. AB - The effect of ruthenium chloride in the culture media on the nitrogen-fixing ability of the three nitrogen fixers (unidentified species of Azotobacter, designated here as D3, B3, and B), isolated from Allahabad soil, was studied. It was observed that the nitrogen-fixing ability of the organisms is much increased in presence of 25-75 micro M concentration of ruthenium chloride in the culture media, while sugar consumption remains more or less steady. Also, if mg nitrogen fixed/g carbon consumed in two culture media with successive increasing concentrations of ruthenium chloride is compared by calculating the difference in increase of the amount of nitrogen fixed and carbon consumed in these two culture media, it was observed that high amounts of nitrogen are fixed by B3 and B between 25-50 micro M, and between 50-75 micro M concentration of ruthenium chloride by D3. PMID- 44934 TI - Screening studies of yeasts capable of utilizing petroleum fractions. AB - In these studies, 23 yeast cultures belonging to 10 genera of ascosporogenous, ballistosporogenous, and asporogenous yeasts, were screened with respect to their abilities of hydrocarbon utilization in synthetic media. Thus, kerosene, n hexadecane, and wax distillate were compared as sole carbon sources in 2% final concentration. Kerosene exhibited marked inhibition on the growth of the majority of the strains, whereas active growth was observed with Debaryomyces vanrijii and many species of the genus Candida in media with n-hexadecane or wax distillate as sole source of carbon. In addition, some cultures belonging to the genera Sporobolomyces, Hansenula, Cryptococcus, and Trigonopsis could utilize some of these substrates, but to a lesser extent. Highest yield of cells and protein was obtained with Candida lipolytica NRRL 1094 in n-hexadecane medium, supplied with 0.03% yeast extract and trace element solutions. The results are discussed with respect to the possibilities of using new yeast genera, with special reference to the genus Debaryomyces, in microbiol protein production. PMID- 44935 TI - [Comparative studies on the vaccination of mice with inactivated influenza virus administered by the aerosol technique, by the intranasal or intramuscular route (author's transl)]. AB - NMRI mice were immunized intramuscular, intranasal or by Aerosol, using the ethylethylenimine inactivated and polyethylenglycolconcentrated influenza virus strain A/PR/8/34 (HO/N1). Differences in the immune response resulted from all three routes. Intranasal and intramuscular vaccination were superior to aerosol application. A possible explanation for this could be the fact that relatively small amounts of the inhaled virus antigen developed antigenic activity on the mucous membrane. A single vaccination by the aerosol technique gave significant protection only, if the challenge virus was applied by the same procedure. However no protection was found after intranasal challenge. Intranasal challenge on the third day post vaccination revealed that intramuscular immunization had a significant better protective effect than intranasal immunization. However from the 5th to the 10th day post vaccination this effect reversed and intranasal vaccination became superior. This immunity persisted for the whole period of observation and it was accompained by a higher titer of local antibodies. Similar results were obtained in experiments with aerosol challenge. Here only the intranasal vaccinated mice were completely protected after the 10th day post vaccinationem while intramuscular vaccinated animals were less protected. Sera of intramuscular immunized mice revealed a higher content in antibodies of the Ig M type and less of the Ig G type compared to mice vaccinated by the intranasal route. PMID- 44936 TI - Isolation of a new avian paramyxovirus from a rock pigeon (Columba livia). AB - A hemagglutinating agent identified as paramyxovirus was isolated from the respiratory organs of a rock pigeon captured in Hokkaido, Japan. The virus was serologically distinct from the known members of genus Paramyxovirus. Of the 160 pigeons collected in Hokkaido, 6 possessed the antibodies to the virus. The virus was designated as Paramyxovirus/pigeon/Otaru/76. PMID- 44937 TI - [Rabies specific IgM- and IgG-antibody response in persons immunized with HDCS vaccine according to the Essen postexposure vaccination schedule (author's transl)]. AB - A solid phase enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) was applied for the determination of rabies virus antibodies of the immunoglobulin classes G and M in sera of 10 young adults. Vaccinations were carried out with the Essen post-exposure vaccination schedule, which is recommended by the W.H.O., with the rabies HDCS vaccine with an antigen value of 1.9. From these results the rabies virus IgM/IgG-conversion was derived. Furthermore a comparison was carried out of results obtained with the ELISA, the mouse neutralization test, the complement fixation test and the hemagglutination inhibition test. Rabies virus-IgM-antibodies were detected already three days after the first vaccination. The IgM-antibody concentration increased to a maximum at the 22nd day p.v. In sera of seven of eight vaccinees rabies virus IgM-antibody was still detectable until the 90th day p.v. Rabies virus antibodies of the IgG-class were found in the serum of 1/7 vaccinees at the 7th day p.v. A steep increase of the rabies virus IgG-antibodies was observed from day 10 p.v. to a maximum between the 30th and 40th day p.v.. The titer values varied between 1:10-1:1600. The rabies virus IgM/IgG-conversion was observed after the 10th day p.v.. More than 75% of the total antirabies virus globulin fraction belonged to the IgG-class in sera of 6 of 9 vaccinees between the 22nd and 30th day of p.v.. A preponderance of the rabies virus IgM-antibodies was seen in 3 of 9 vaccinees until the 90th day p.v.. Most sensitive for the early detection of rabies virus antibodies was the IgM-ELISA followed by the IgG ELISA, mouse-neutralization test, hemagglutination inhibition test and complement fixation test. PMID- 44938 TI - [Improved method for the demonstration of protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (author's transl)]. AB - Protein A (PA) could be extracted completely from Staphylococcus aureus by treatment with concentrated formic acid. This led to the development of a semi quantitative determination of PA by hemagglutination (fig. 1). The treatment with formic acid yielded PA more effectively than the commonly used extraction by boiling (table 1). It could be conducted directly on a loopfull of staphylococci obtained from blood agar. It required no additional cultivation in a fluid medium. Most suitable for the hemagglutination was a commercial preparation of Rh positive human erythrocytes, blood group O, loaded with Rh-antibodies from humans. This relatively stable preparation had also a higher susceptibility for PA in the slide-test and served for a better detection of PA-positive staphylococci (table 2). PMID- 44939 TI - Neisseriaceae, a group of bacteria with dihydrofolate reductases, moderately susceptible to trimethoprim. AB - Dihydrofolate reductases of five species of the family Neisseriaceae were compared by means of inhibition profiles, using several structurally different inhibitors, including trimethoprim (TMP) and pyrimethamine. All enzymes were seen to be highly susceptible to the folate analog aminopterin, but exhibited moderate susceptibility to all other inhibitors tested. Approximately 200-fold higher concentrations of TMP were needed to inhibit neisserial reductases as compared to the E. coli enzyme. Besides poor penetration this is assumed to be the main basis for the low susceptibility of neisseriae to TMP. In addition to TMP all other inhibitors were also moderately active or inactive in vitro. The enzymatic differences, as seen from inhibition profiles, were statistically significant but small among all species of the genus Neisseria. Branhamella catarrhalis on the other hand was seen to be far less related to the other neisseriae, as seen by the inhibition profile of its reductase, its dihydrofolate reductase conttent, as well as by its in vitro properties. PMID- 44940 TI - Spectrum of Escherichia coli agglutinins in dam's sera, colostrum and calf's sera in Fresian cows and buffaloes in Egypt. AB - Sera collected from 18 pregnant buffaloes and Fresian cows during the last two weeks before parturition and from the newborn calves during the first two weeks after birth. All the samples together with the colostral whey of the first three days were examined for the presence of E. coli agglutinins using the tube agglutination and passive hemagglutination tests. The latter test was more sensitive and demonstrated higher titres in all cases, and consequently more O groups. Agglutinins to various E. coli O groups were detected in all samples. It is worthy to note that agglutinins to all E. coli O groups used as antigens were detected in 13 dam's sera, 17 colostrum and in one buffaloe calf. The titres were higher in colostrum than in dam's or calf's sera. The highest titre was 1:640. The O groups 101, 115, 117, and 26 were the most common among Fresian cows whereby the O groups 101 and 115 showed the highest titres. In buffaloes the O groups 101, 115, 8 and 26 were the most common with the O8 having the highest titre. PMID- 44941 TI - Importance of colicinogeny for the course of acute bacillary dysentery. AB - The development of acute bacillary dysentery was followed in 23 patients involved in two outbreaks and in three sporadic, mutually unrelated cases. Repeated cultivations performed at 2-day intervals for 10 days yielded 386 identifiable strains of "opportune intestinal flora". Escherichia coli colicinogenic activity is one of the significant factors of gastrointestinal tract protection. The period of shigella excretion is significantly reduced (p less than 0.02) if an appropriate colicinogenic E. coli strain is present. Analysis of the results suggested a working hypothesis of differentiated approach to bacillary dysentery treatment in outbreaks. In the absence of a suitable colicinogenic flora neomycin therapy should be administered since it does not damage the natural colonizing flora (bacteroids, bifidobacters, aerobic lactobacilli); in the presence of a suitable colicinogenic flora, no antibiotic should be used as this would abolish the coli-flora. PMID- 44942 TI - [Investigations on the fatty acid composition of lipids from Salmonella typhimurium S and R forms (author's transl)]. PMID- 44943 TI - Antigenic variation in Klebsiella. AB - The serological reactions of klebsiella strains repeatedly isolated from four patients were examined. Variations in capsular antigens of strains from the same patient were mainly restricted to slight changes in the titre of quellung reactions and occasionally differences in cross-reactions were noted. In one case a strain reacted more strongly with a heterologous antiserum than with homologous antiserum after it had been resident in the bowel of a patient for five weeks. No significant antigenic variation was observed when multiple colonies from the same klebsiella culture were tested. PMID- 44944 TI - Incompatibility of R plasmids from clinical material. AB - Thirteen R plasmids derived from strains of E Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical material have been characterized. They belonged to many incompatibility groups and differ widely respecting other phenotypic characteristics, even if they come from bacteria isolated from a small geographic area. PMID- 44945 TI - Further characterization of "promptly" and "delayed" human serum-sensitive strains of Serratia marcescens. AB - The kinetics of the bactericidal activity of 80 vol% of fresh human serum against representative 'delayed serum-sensitive' (DSS) and 'promptly serum-sensitive' (PSS) strains of Serratia marcescens were further examined with regard to various chemical and absorption procedures known to affect various components of the alternative and classical pathways of human complement activation. Inulin treatment of fresh human serum failed to diminish serum bactericidal activity against DSS and PSS assay strains. Fresh human serum that had been depleted of properdin (factor P) through absorption with zymosan, was as active as control serum against DSS strains of S. marcescens; however, PSS strains were killed in a 'delayed' fashion. Human serum that had been heat-inactivated at 50 degrees C for minutes (depletion of factor B), no longer killed DSS strains, whereas PSS strains of S. marcescens and the PSS control strain Escherichia coli C were killed in a slightly delayed fashion. Hydrazine-hydrate treatment (inactivation of C3 of the complement system) and exposure of fresh human serum to dithiothreitol completely abolished serum bactericidal activity. Bentonite absorbed fresh human serum no longer killed DSS strains of S. marcescens; some PSS strains of S. marcescens were killed in a delayed manner, whereas control strain E. coli C was as PSS as before. Addition of Seitz-filtered fresh human serum, that lacked beta-lysin and was deficient in lysozyme, to bentonite absorbed human serum restored bactericidal activity against DSS and PSS strains of S. marcescens; addition to heat-inactivated or Seitz-filtered, heat inactivated human serum failed to do so. Therefore, bentonite absorption removed to a heat-labile component from fresh human serum clearly different from beta lysin and lysozyme. Furthermore, human serum beta-lysin and lysozyme were not required for serum-mediated killing of S. marcescens strains of either serum susceptibility category. PMID- 44946 TI - Studies on antibody levels to Brucella abortus, Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira serogroups in sera collected by the National Serum Bank during 1974-1976. AB - The New Zealand National Serum Bank is a collection of human sera consisting predominantly of specimens taken from healthy New Zealand blood donors. The studies presented here were designed to assess the antibody levels in two urban centres to Brucella abortus, Toxoplasma gondii and several Leptospiral serogroups including all those found in New Zealand. In none of the sera could complement fixing leptospiral antibodies be detected. There was evidence of low level immunity to both Toxoplasma gondii and Brucella abortus. PMID- 44947 TI - [Effect of bacterial infections and antibiotics on tsetse flies (Diptera, Glossinidae) (author's transl)]. AB - The membrane feeding technique (in vitro feeding) used for the rearing of tsetse flies has advantages over the conventional method of feeding the flies on host animals. However, as long as blood remains the sole source of tsetse fly nutrition, the risk remains of blood being contaminated during collection, storage or feeding with bacteria pathogenic to the flies. The resulting high mortality of the tsetse flies endangers the success of this rearing. The experiments described here have shown that Glossina m. morsitans Westw. are more sensitive to Pseudomonas aeruginosa than G. p. palpalis Rob.-Desv. Rearing experiments over several years have confirmed this finding in that the latter species has never been threatened by high bacterial-induced mortality, whereas in 1973-74, due to contamination of the in vitro fed blood, a population of G. m. morsitans was difficult to colonize. The quantity of infected blood intake (14 to 70 mg) had no influence on the survival rate. However, when flies were infected once with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (dilution stage of 10(-3)), the organisms were eliminated after only nine days in living G. p. palpalis, but after 14 days in living G. m. morsitans. Females were infected at different stages of pregnancy but the same bacteria were not isolated in any puparia. Therefore, transmission of the bacteria to larvae growing in the uterus could not be demonstrated. All antibiotics used, to which bacteria isolated from tsetse flies in the laboratory were sensitive, caused a reduction in productivity. Parental females as well as females which emerged from larvae deposited by these flies (= F1-generation) 6 days after the administration of the drug to the pregnant females showed a similar loss in productivity. This corresponds with a degeneration of mesenteric symbionts. The most successful way to cope with bacterial infection in the membrane feeding technique in the rearing of tsetse flies has proved to be prophylactic measures, i.e. sterile membranes, sterile underlying aluminium trays and sterile blood. The methods employed at this laboratory, where up to 20 000 flies are being fed daily through membranes, have prevented dangerous bacterial infections in both species. PMID- 44948 TI - [Transmission of toxoplasma oocysts from domestic cats to rabbits (author's transl)]. AB - The importance of the role of toxoplasma oocysts in the mode of spread of the infection for men and animal has differently been estimated. In own earlier experiments, we found out that the transmission of the infection by means of oocysts from cat to cat is not the rule. In a similar experimental setup, we tested now whether rabbits can be infected by getting into contact with faeces of cats containing sporulated toxoplasma oocysts (see table 1). 8 toxoplasma-free rabbits and two toxoplasma-free cats as control were placed on infectious faeces of 10 cats (group 1-8). As further controls served four non-infected rabbits being kept in the same cage (group 11-12). Four of eight rabbits which had been placed on the infectious faeces and one control animal having had no intended contact with those faeces got infected. Our experiments show that the question whether domestic cats have any significance as source of infection with toxoplasms cannot generally be answered. It has to be differentiated each time which mammal gets into contact with oocysts. PMID- 44949 TI - Quantitative determination of the disintegration of nerve cells in the cortex caused by viral encephalitis (17 D-yellow fever) (Preliminary communication). AB - The counting of nerve cells give an answer to the question whether there is a significant loss of cells in the cortex in the course of viral encephalitis. For normal animals, average cell numbers of 275.42 were counted; for infected animals divided into two groups depending on the severity of illness, 144.95 and 192.87 cells, respectively (p = 0.0001). PMID- 44950 TI - [Effect of magnesium ions on the thermostability of inorganic pyrophosphatase from baker's yeast]. AB - The interaction of magnesium ions with inorganic pyrophosphatase from baker's yeast was studied by means of heat denaturation. The heat inactivation of this enzyme is a biphasic process. The velocities in the initial range and in the subsequent slower part of inactivation are diminished with rising Mg2+ concentration in the inactivation assay. A model is proposed which describes this behavior. It is assumed that two enzyme conformations exist in equilibrium whose conversion rates correspond to the inactivation rate in its order of magnitude. The equilibrium is shifted by Mg2+. The two enzyme species differ in their Mg2+ binding behavior as evidenced by differences in the half-saturation constants and the cooperativity of the binding. The same conclusions are drawn from the fluorimetric measurement of denaturation of inorganic pyrophosphatase. Besides, an additional Mg2+ binding site is demonstrable, the saturation of which obviously leads to stabilisation of part of the enzyme structure without protecting it against loss of enzymatic activity. With the same method the labilizing effect of Zn2+ on the structure of the inorganic pyrophosphatase from baker's yeast was studied. PMID- 44951 TI - The effect of temperature and ouabain on the breakdown of ATP and 2,3 bisphosphoglycerate in glucose-depleted human red cells. AB - Ouabain exerts only a minor effect on ATP breakdown at 37 degrees C and practically none at 4 degrees C. The effect is less at higher pH values. At 4 degrees C the rates of breakdown at ATP, AMP and of 2,3 P2G are nearly two orders of magnitude less than at 37 degrees C. PMID- 44952 TI - The breakdown of adenine nucleotides in glucose-depleted human red cells. AB - 1) The rate of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate breakdown is independent of pH value. 2) The adenine nucleotide pattern at alkaline pH values with its characteristic lowering of ATP and the accompanying accumulation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is caused by a relative excess of the activity of the hexokinase-phosphofructokinase system as compared wity pyruvate kinase. 3) The breakdown of adenine nucleotides proceeds via AMP mainly through phosphatase and not via AMP deaminase. 4) The constancy of the sum of nucleotides as long as glucose is present is postulated to be due to resynthesis via adenosine kinase which competes successfully with adenosine deaminase. 5) A procedure is given to calculate ATPase activity of glucose-depleted red cells. The results indicate that the ATPase activity is less at lower pH values and declines with time. An ATPase with a high Km for ATP is postulated. 6) During glucose depletion ATP production is mostly derived from the breakdown of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate and the supply from the pentose phosphate pool both of which proceed at a constant rate. The contribution of pentose phosphate from the breakdown of adenine nucleotides amounts to 40% of the lactate formed at pH 6.8 and is about twice the lactate at pH 8.1. PMID- 44953 TI - [In vitro maturation of rabbit reticulocytes: oxygen consumption reaction]. AB - With a simple experimental system the changes of endogenous, antimycin A suppressed, oligomycin-suppressed and antimycin A-resistant oxygen consumption are studied during the maturation of intact cells of the 6th day of bleeding. All functional characteristics of oxygen consumption decrease during maturation. The rate of decrease is strongly increased by high inorganic phosphate concentrations (125 mM). This effect is most obvious for the oligomycin-suppressed and the endogenous respiration. The degree of uncoupling of non-incubated cells is 14%. During 24 h incubation it rises to 75%. Inorganic phosphate accelerates the increase of uncoupling during maturation. Reticulocytes of the 4th day of bleeding are characterized by a higher respiratory capacity and also by a higher rate of maturation of antimycin A-suppressed and endogenous respiration. The degree of uncoupling does not increase during maturation. This may be attributed to the low lipoxygenase activity of these cells. 25% of the endogenous oxygen consumption of unmatured cells are antimycin A-resistant. This type of respiration declines by 50% in 4 h incubation irrespective of inorganic phosphate concentrations and day of bleeding. In nitrogen all functional characteristics of respiration during the maturation decline more rapidly than in oxygen. The antimycin A-resistant respiration, however decreased more slowly and reached 50% after 12 h. A pH dependence of maturation (maximum at pH 8.4) was found for the endogenous and the antimycin A-suppressed respiration. The degree of uncoupling rises most quickly at pH 7.4. This is possibly related to the pH maximum of lipoxygenase. PMID- 44954 TI - Studies of assay conditions for macrophage migration from an agarose droplet. AB - The agarose microdroplet method is a relatively simple and economic technique to determine migration inhibition of leukocytes or macrophages in vitro. In the present study, further cultural and technical requirements of this method for the determination of macrophage migration inhibition have been defined: influence of macrophage handling before the assay, kinetics of migration and dependence on the pH of the medium. Considering defined conditions, the agarose microdoplet assay gives highly reliable and reproducible results. In comparative experiments, it proved to be as sensitive and valid as the capillary tube technique. PMID- 44955 TI - [Advantages and disadvantages of diuretics and beta-blocking agents in the treatment of hypertension. Review of the literature]. PMID- 44956 TI - [The treatment with ranitidine of 40 gastroduodenal ulceration: evaluation of an open study (author's transl)]. PMID- 44957 TI - Peroxidase activity in non-parenchymal cells isolated from rat liver: a cytochemical study. AB - The cytochemical demonstration of endogenous peroxidase activity has been used as a marker for the Kupffer cells present in a heterogeneous population of non parenchymal cells isolated from normal rat liver by perfusion and enzymatic digestion. Peroxidase activity was present in the cytoplasm of a greater proportion of cells than were activities of acid phosphatase and non-specific esterase. The value of endogeneous peroxidase as a marker for the Kupffer cell is discussed. PMID- 44958 TI - A double blind comparison of high doses fentanyl and sufentanil in men. Influence on cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic parameters. PMID- 44959 TI - Psychotropic effect of antiepileptic drugs. AB - Eighteen controlled studies investigating the psychotropic effect of anti epileptic drugs are critically reviewed. The neurochemical evidence for existence of psychotropic properties is still speculative. It seems questionable on the basis of this survey that there exist genuine psychotropic effects of antiepileptic drugs, which are not related to antiepileptic efficacy and/or differences in toxicity. PMID- 44960 TI - Pharmacological reactions of the circular muscle of the guinea pig vas deferens. AB - Pharmacological responses of spiral strips prepared from the guinea pig vas deferens to various adrenergic and cholinergic agonists and autacoids were studied. On the circular muscle alpha adrenergic, muscarinic cholinergic and histaminergic receptors were identified. The responses evoked on the circular and longitudinal muscles were of the same type. PMID- 44961 TI - Metabolism of some barbiturate derivatives to epoxides in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 44962 TI - [Pharmacological basis of the use of adrenergic beta blockaders in arterial hypertension therapy]. PMID- 44963 TI - Apoptosis. Its nature and implications for dermatopathology. AB - Apoptosis is a distinctive mode of cell death with characteristic morphologic features which serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues. In contrast to coagulative necrosis, the cytologic features of apoptosis suggest active self-destructive rather than progressive disintegration. It typically affects scattered individual cells which condense and bud to produce many membrane-bounded fragments in which organelles appear intact when viewed by the electron microscope. These apoptotic bodies are then phagocytosed and digested by cells resident in the tissue. Apoptosis, unlike coagulative necrosis, does not itself evoke an inflammatory response. Apoptosis is a feature of such diverse processes as deletion of phylogenetic vestiges during normal embryonic development, involution of endocrine-dependent organs after withdrawal of trophic hormones, cell-mediated immune attack on tissues, and therapeutically induced regression of neoplasms. Apoptosis has received scant attention in dermatopathology. However, it is now known to be an important feature of lichen planus, certain drug eruptions, the skin lesions of graft-versus-host reactions, the regression of plane warts, and the effects of ultraviolet damage. It is also involved in the kinetics of cutaneous neoplasms. In some of these situations, apoptotic bodies have, in the past, been given names such as Civatte bodies, colloid bodies, single-cell necrobiosis, sunburn cells, and dyskeratotic cells without their basic nature having been recognized. PMID- 44964 TI - [Superinfection in anesthesia and intensive care]. PMID- 44965 TI - [Bacteriology of the atmosphere in microclimate tents]. AB - Micro-climate tents (pulsed filtered air) are frequently used in burns departments. In the Surgical and Traumatological Intensive Care Unit of the Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care of the Henri Mondor Hospital, these tents are used in two types of indications: --placing of a tent over the head end of patients following tracheotomy with free spontaneous ventilation;--placing tents over irregular wounds. In these two categories of use, the aim is to isolate the zone under the tent by protecting it against secondary infection, but also to limit to this micro-climate any possible dissemination from the injured individual placed under the tent. Comparative study of the bacterial flora of the biotopes thus enclosed by micro-climate tents has been attempted. PMID- 44966 TI - [Importance of skin tests in examining cellular immunity in intensive care patients]. PMID- 44967 TI - [Factors responsible for post-operative infection]. AB - Post-operative infection is often due to a combination of several factors. A decrease in immune defence processes represents the first factor. This is seen in situations such as malnutrition (undernourishment or obesity), alcoholism, diabetes, neoplasms, infections and old age. It may also be induced by therapy such as immunodepressants, antimitotic chemotherapy, corticosteroids and radiotherapy. Finally, certain antibiotics have been accused of reducing immune defences. The second factor responsible for infection is bacterial flora. Errors such as broad spectrum antibiotic therapy prescribed in the presence of unexplored fever, or changed repeatedly, are responsible for imbalance in the bacterial flora and the acquisition of resistance to antibiotics. These errors firstly increased the prevalence of infections and, secondly their severity and the difficulty of their treatment. The last factor responsible for infection is rupture of the natural barriers formed by the skin and mucosae. This is related on the one hand to surgery itself and, secondly, to the intensive care techniques surrounding the surgical act: venous catheterization above all, but also bladder catheterization, tracheal intubation, etc. PMID- 44968 TI - [Prevention of post-operative infection in heart surgery with extracorporeal circulation (apropos of 295 cases)]. AB - From April 1977 to November 1978, 295 patients were operated on using artificial circulation. 31 p. 100 of these developed a post-operative infectious complication, 7.3 p. 100 being of a serious nature (3.3 p. 100 suffered from mediastinitis, and 4 p. 100 from septicaemia). The organisms responsible are, in the case of the mediastinal infections the staphylococcus Citreus, and Gram negative bacilli in the case of the septicaemias. A retrospective analysis shows that there are two successive periods and that in the course of the second there is a decrease in the occurence of all of the infections and particularly in the cases of mediastinitis. This improvment would seem on superficial analysis to correspond with a change in the preventive antibiotic treatment, the cephradine- gentamicin combination having replaced penicillin G. However, the statistical study shows that other factors were altered between the two periods (type of antiseptic, duration of treatments, time of postoperative intubation) and that these equally contributed to the fall in the incidence of infection. In the light of this study, it would seem that if prophylactic antibiotic treatment essentially directed against staphylococci has a place in cardiac surgery with artificial circulation, it can only be regarded as one of several preventive factors. The statistical data gathered so far is not sufficient to prove the efficacy of this treatment. PMID- 44969 TI - [Changes in erythrocyte lipids in severe septic states]. AB - In cases of major sepsis the erythrocyte lipids undergo significant change especially when there is concomitant hepatic insufficiency and this in turn lead to alteration in the blood viscosity and very probably to the genesis of disorders of coagulation. PMID- 44970 TI - [Anesthesia and antibacterial defenses of the lung]. PMID- 44971 TI - [2d-generation cephalosporins in the treatment of gram-negative superinfections]. AB - The second generation cephalosporins are those drugs that are totally or partially resistant to betalactamases (cefamandole, cefuroxime) or the cephamycins (cefoxitine). This property allows them to destroy the enterobacteria resistant to cefalotine and they may have a place in the treatment of certain post-operative infections (abdominal, gynaecological, urinary) on their own or in combination with an aminoglycoside. They also may be of use in combination with an aminoglycoside in the management of secondary septicaemia infections. Outside of these indications which are dependent on the bacteriological findings, their use should be limited even when there is an absence of organisms that are Cefalotine sensitive on the antibiogram. This careful approach (which applies particularly for cefotaxine) may be abandoned once a certain quantity of resistant strains have emerged. For the time being, the second generation cephalosporins ought to be used only for specific indications, and as a general rule should not be first line antibiotic treatment. PMID- 44972 TI - [Plasmid resistance to antibiotics: characteristics, hypotheses on its origin. Attempts at prevention]. PMID- 44973 TI - [Undesirable effects of antibiotics]. AB - A restatement of the principal mechanisms involved in the production of unwanted side-effects to antibiotics: immediate or delayed hypersensitivity immunological reactions; tissue toxicity (renal and liver parenchyma), damage to the bone marrow and the neurosensory system; interference with metabolism and drug interactions; the development of resistant strains and the risk of secondary infection. Principal unwanted effects associated with the preparation employed, with the organ involved and with the overall physiopathological state. Certain specific side-effects occur with some antibiotic combinations and following drug interactions. PMID- 44974 TI - [Infectious enterocolitis in intensive care patients fed by nasogastric tube]. AB - Infectious enterocolitis sometimes spreads through intensive care units, the origin being contamination by "drips". A 9 month study concerning patients fed by nasogastric "drip" revealed 70 p. 100 of cases of severe diarrhea. Stool cultures confirmed the infectious origin of this diarrhea in 66 p. 100 cases. Virtually all of the suspect drip containers and fluids contained the organisms found in the stool culture, with a concentration of 10(6)-10(9) per ml/foodstuff. Enquiry revealed that contamination of these drips occurred above all in the kitchen at the time of preparation (poorly washed material, personnel often unaware of elementary hygiene). The great vulnerability of such intensive care patients predisposes them to infection of this type and the limit of danger for them is as low as 10(4) organisms per ml/foodstuff. Solutions concerning hygiene in preparation were tried with success (drips then containing only 50-100 organisms per ml/foodstuff. PMID- 44975 TI - [Results of a year's mycologic and immunologic surveillance of Candida in an intensive care ward]. AB - Patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit must be considered to be exposed to a "high risk" in terms of candida infection. They often combine several of the factors favouring the development of "candida disease": generally deficient state, multiple antibiotics, iatrogenic or pathological immune depression. While certain patients who are admitted are already suffering from "candida infestation" (endogenous localization), the possibilities of exagenous infection are numerous. This study involved 63 patients spending at least one week in the department, from September 1977 to September 1978. Mycological (pharyngeal swab, urine culture, blood culture) and immunological (hemagglutination, immunoelectrophoresis, immunofluorescence) studies were carried out routinely on admission and then every week. Amongst the 63 patients studied, 12 were admitted with negative serology, which became positive during the first 10 days. 5 already had positive serology at the time of admission. From a mycological standpoint, the pharyngeal swab was frequently positive on admission (17 times out of 63). In 63 patients, the infection was acquired during the course of the hospital stay and, in this case, positive urine cultures were more regularly associated with a positive pharyngeal culture. PMID- 44976 TI - [Mortality factors in infectious diseases in a surgical intensive care unit]. AB - Among 350 patients admitted to a surgical intensive care unit between 1.1.77 and 31.9.77, their profile and septic course being defined, two populations were studied: -- the first involved 49 patients dying of infection during their stay in the department; -- the second involved 132 patients developing a non lethal infectious syndrome. Comparative study of these two patients groups made it easier to understand why, in the same department and apparently with the same kind of care, certain patients die of infection and others do not. It was thus attempted to demonstrate certain difference between the two groups in terms of biometric data, predictable risk factors, the type of underlying pathology and the nature and course of the infectious process. Finally, the role played by the intensive care unit in the onset of these deaths of infectious cause is considered. PMID- 44977 TI - [Epidemiology of infections on a thoracic surgery service]. AB - The aim of the present work is to discover the origin of the post-operative infections presented by certain patients following surgery for pulmonary exeresis in a surgical unit that deals both with thoracic and general surgical patients (most commonly cancer surgery). A prospective epidaemiological investigation of 54 pulmonary cases was thus undertaken, lasting for a period of 6 months. This consisted in obtaining multiple microbiological specimens from the patient himself, but also from the patient's environment and from the hospital staff (more than 1000 specimens were examined). The study begins at the stage of entry of the patient to the hospital department and follows him through the operation theatre stage and the post-operative period in the intensive care unit. In the intensive care unit the patients will come into contact with other patients who have been admitted urgently. These cases may or may not be of a pulmonary nature. Among the 54 subjects studied, 19 presented with infectious post-operative complications that led to 2 deaths. In 9 cases the infection was due to auto contamination. It would appear that the environment plays a very small role as a factor leading to the development of post-operative infection since very few of the specimens taken were postive and usually the staphylococci were of various different lysotypes and never corresponding to the lysotype of the infective organism. Some predisposing factors to infection were demonstrated: an association with alcoholism and chronic bronchitis, pre-operatory bronchial suppuration, and widespread pulmonary exeresis was found. PMID- 44978 TI - [Nature and antibiotic resistance of bacteria encountered in an intensive care unit. Computerized study based on 422 antibiograms]. AB - A computer analysis of 422 sheets of data from antibiograms performed on 146 patients in a resuscitation unit of multipurpose type, was performed. The study comprises the investigation of the nature of the isolated bacteria and the resistance of the organisms to antibiotics alone or in combinations. The results obtained show on the one hand, that there is a development over time of resistance to antibiotics and a change in the nature of the bacteria, and on the other, that a precise knowledge of the bacteriological data concerning a given department enables the intiation of treatment before having the antibiogram results with an increased chance of efficacy. The importance of such a study is controversial. PMID- 44979 TI - [Bacterial flora of 241 patients in an intensive care service]. AB - The investigators performed an epidaemiological study of 260 patients in intensive care and identified the causal organisms by the obtaining of various specimens: tracheobronchial, urinary, blood cultures and catheter samples. By means of these specimens, they attempted to effectuate counts for each patient and the compare each month the patients definitely infected with the infections presented by the new patients. This study attempts to demonstrate the frequency of infections of the same kind when the intensive care unit consists of a single ward without separation of the patients and where the hospital staff treat all the patients in the unit in turn. PMID- 44980 TI - [Bacteriological survey of the surgical and traumatology intensive care service at the Henri Mondor Hospital]. AB - --A purely bacteriological presentation of the information on the infections of 567 patients hospitalized for 18 months (January 1977 to the end of 1978) in a resuscitation unit for cases of trauma. -- 975 organisms were isolated and identified. 75 p. 100 Gram negative bacilli. -- The various specimens are analysed. Lung infections were present in: 54.6 p. 100 -- urinary infections are rare, giving rise to 10 p. 100. One remarks the low number of septicaemias, only 29 or 5 p. 100 of those hospitalized compared with the 942 vascular catheters that were introduced and all bacteriologically tested. PMID- 44981 TI - [Anaerobic bacterial septicemia following abdomino-pelvic surgery. Apropos of 42 cases]. PMID- 44982 TI - [Is it worthwhile preventing postoperative thromboembolism?]. PMID- 44983 TI - [The Davenport diagram and the international system of units]. AB - The implantation of the international system of units in medical science leads to revising the Davenport diagram. This diagram has been widely used for 20 years as a system displaying the variations in acid-base equilibrium. In order to conserve its familiar aspect the coordinates are: a pH abscissa complete with a scale of H+ ion concentrations (nmol.l-1) and an ordinate using real plasma HCO-3 concentrations. The isobars of PCO2 are reconstructed for whole and semi-whole kilopascal values (kPa). The real plasma buffer lines are reconstructed for 3, 6 and 9 n.mmol.-1 of monomeric hemoglobin which are the nearest whole values of 5, 10 and 15 g of Hb/100 ml. The diagram is calculated for 37 degrees C and the constants used for pK' and aCO2 are the most recently suggested values. PMID- 44984 TI - [Modification of curarization after acute administration of 2 antiepileptic drugs]. AB - In rats anaesthetised with sodium pentobarbital the previous administration of a single dose of an anti-epileptic agent (carbamazepine or sodium valproate) significantly increases the curarising action of two short-action curare-like agents--pancuronium bromide and fazadinium bromide. It seems that this potentialisation of curare action might be the result of either a pharmacokinetic interference (competion for plasma protisen receptor sites), or due to a summation of depressor actions at the neuromuscular level, especially through changes in the levels of GABA and/or cAMP. PMID- 44985 TI - [Neonatal consequences of cesarean section on the presumably healthy infant]. AB - The authors studied the effects on the child of 196 caesarian sections performed in the absence of foetal distress. The following were noted for each child: the time before the first cry, the Apgar score, pH and the need or not for resuscitation techniques. Each feature was studied in terms of different factors: foetal, obstetric, anaesthetic and surgical. The conclusions were as follows: caesarian section, which remains the best means of preventing obstetric trauma, has its own direct complications which are linked to the conditions in which the operation takes place. These can be reduced to a minimum or even completely suppressed if the caesarian section is performed under ideal conditions: few or no depressant drugs before the operation (the use of diazepam for induction should be abandoned); inclined position of 15 degrees, even of the mother has never suffered from utero-caval syndrome and if possible on a heated mattress; extraction of the infant between the 5th and 15th minutes; finally, and above all, prior labour is desirable whenever obstetric conditions permit. PMID- 44986 TI - [New non-volumetric method for estimating peroperative blood loss]. AB - The authors have developed a new method for the estimation of peroperative blood loss by measurement of the haematocrit of a fluid obtained by diluting the blood from swabs in a known volume of isotonic saline solution. This value, referred to a monogram, may be used to assess the volume of blood impregnating the compresses, in relation to the pre-operative or present haematocrit of the patient, by direct reading. The precision of the method is discussed. The results obtained justified its routine application in surgery in children, patients with cardiac failure and in all cases requiring precise compensation of per-operative blood loss. PMID- 44987 TI - [Comparison of postoperative blood cortisol levels after neuroleptanalgesia and extradural anesthesia]. AB - Postoperative plasma cortisol levels were measured in two series of surgical patients who had undergone a gynaecological operation, with respectively 17 and 16 subjects. Samples were drawn on D0 6pm, D1 8am, D2 8am and D3 8 am. A reference sample had been taken before the premedication on D0 at 8 am. The first series had been anaesthetised using a dextromoramidedroperidol type neuroleptanalgesia followed by postoperative analgesia by a noramidopyrine compound. The second series required epidural anaesthesia followed by postoperative analgesia by the injection of lidocaine at constant rate, interrupted between the last two samples. In the neuroleptanalgesia group: from a basal level of 470 nmol.l-1, plasma cortisol rose to 800 nmol.l-1 (p less than 0.01) on D0 at 6 pm to subsequently remain on a plateau between 500 and 550 nmol.l-1 (NS) within the normal physiological limits for the laboratory. In the epidural group, from a basal level of 420 nmol.l-1, plasma cortisol rose to 1000 nmol.l-1 (p less than 0.01) to return to basal levels only on D3: 450 nmol.l-1 (NS) with intermediate values of 700 and 630 nmol.l-1 (respectively: p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05). Statistical comparison between the two groups showed that the increase in cortisol in the epidural group in relation to the other was significant throughout the period of administration of lidocaine at constant flow rate: p less than 0.05 on D0 at 6pm, D1 and D2. The results are discussed. PMID- 44988 TI - [Heatstroke among psychiatric patients under neuroleptic therapy. Apropos of 2 fatal cases]. AB - Heat stroke is uncommon in temperate climates but may be favourised by drug treatment. A report of two cases of fatal hyperthermia occuring in patients treated with neuroleptic drugs and during a heat wave is followed by a discussion of the characteristics which may be used to differentiate heat stroke from the hyperthermia of malignant twenty cases. It indicated that high degree of severity of this type of heat stroke, in great part related to the high prevalence of massive inhalation. The action of neuroleptics is very probably central by an effect upon the thermostat and also by changes in behaviour. The role of associated anti-parkinsonian agents is discussed. A review of treatment emphasises its difficulties. PMID- 44989 TI - [Clinical study of massive transfusions (108 cases)]. AB - Amongst 108 surgical patients receiving massive transfusions, 60 died. Study of the aetiology of the haemorrhage, the circumstances of the transfusion, and the role of massive transfusions in the transmission of infectious diseases, disturbances in haemostasis, immunological, respiratory and metabolic complications led to the determination of certain simple criteria of gravity which may restrict their use:age over 60 years; the number of units used, if it exceeds 30; the existence of cirrhosis, of an acute lesion as the source of bleeding, or of peroperative haemorrhage. By contrast, the transmission of hepatitis, coagulation disturbances, immediate or delayed incompatibility accidents and variations in pH, blood potassium and calcium levels and arterial pO2 had little influence on mortality. PMID- 44990 TI - [P50 and stored blood (+4 degrees C and -80 degrees C). In vitro studies]. AB - The authors studied the hemoglobin oxygen affinity (P50) and the 2,3 diphospho glycerate (2,3-DPG) level in: 33 samples of total stored blood (ACD medium); 14 samples of the same blood after mixing with a solution including inosine, pyruvate, phosphate (I.P.P.); 9 samples of freezed erythrocytes. The increase of the hemoglobin oxygen affinity, associated with a decrease of the 2,3-DPG level appears to be very fast in the samples of ACD stored blood since two hours after sampling, the P50 decrease was of 4 torr. Exposure to the I.P.P. solution (1 H at 37 degrees C), caused the hemoglobin oxygen affinity and the 2,3-DPG concentration to return to their normal values (P50 = 25.4 torr +/- 0.4 torr); 2,3-DPG = 15.6 +/- 0.9 muM.gHb-1). When freezed red blood cells, were defreezed the P50 was found to be 4 torr lower than that of fresh blood and the 2,3-DPG level was also decreased (-4.1 muM.gHb-1). These decreases are probably related to the delay which occurred between blood sampling and freezing. PMID- 44991 TI - [Vascular perforation and parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 44992 TI - [Gas gangrene (current aspects)]. PMID- 44993 TI - [State of apparent death of the newborn infant]. PMID- 44994 TI - [Problems posed by factor XI deficiency for the anesthetist (resuscitor)]. PMID- 44995 TI - [Changes of the biohumoral picture in alcoholic hepatopathy treated with thiazolidinecarboxylate of arginine]. AB - In 28 patients suffering from alcoholic well compensated hepatopathy, different laboratory parameters have been controlled before and after treatment with arginine thiazolidinecarboxylate, i.v. a the daily dose of 800 mg for 7-10 days. The compartmental analysis showed that the improvement in the BSF clearance is mainly due to a reduction in the "regurgitation fraction" and therefore to an improvement or restoration of the processes of conjugation, binding and transferring of the dye in the liver cells. A significant increase in platelets and an equally significant decrease in bilirubinemia, gamma GT, OCT, GOT and alkaline phosphatase were reported. Such variations might be at any rate due to the sole alcohol abstinence. The observed increase in transferrin, haptoglobin and albumin cannot be reported to the sole abstinence, but must be considered as consequence of the pharmacological influence, of arginine thiazolidinecarboxylate on the protidosynthetic activities of the liver. PMID- 44996 TI - Comparative effects of the substance-sweeteners glucose, sorbitol, sucrose, xylitol and trichlorosucrose on lowering of pH by two oral Streptococcus mutans strains in vitro. PMID- 44997 TI - Properties and function of fumarate reductase (NADH) in Streptococcus lactis. AB - The fumarate reductase (NADH) present in cell-free extracts of S. lactis C10 was purified approximately 100-fed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose in the presence of the non-ionic detergent Teric X-10, and some of the properties of this partially purified enzyme were characterized. Fumarate was able to act as a terminal electron acceptor and decreased the amount of lactate formed and oxygen used during the metabolism of pyruvate by resting cells of S. lactis. Anaerobic growth of S. lactis on glycerol was not observed and fumarate reduction was not coupled with glycerol-3-phosphate oxidation. PMID- 44998 TI - Heterotopic development of DMBA subcutaneous sarcoma in rats. AB - In gonadectomized and totally or partially criptorchid rats, subcutaneous inoculation of 0,5 mg of DMBA often determines the development of sarcomas at variable, sometimes marked, distances from the site of inoculation. The phenomenon is exhibited maximally in rats subjected to unilateral cryptorchidism or to unilateral gonadectomy; in minimal measure in those subjected to bilateral gonadectomy. It is not exhibited in the intact animals. The Authors, though presenting several hypotheses, are not able to furnish a satisfactory explanation of the phenomenon. PMID- 44999 TI - [The action of cyclic somatostatin on hypoglycemia due to prolonged fasting in normal animals]. AB - The authors have examined the action of cyclic Somatostatin on blood glucose levels in normal rats and in rats starved for 36 and 50 hours. The infusion of 0,235 gamma/min. of Somatostatin for thirty minutes in the normals induced a slight increase in blood glucose levels that was statistically non significative. Under the same condition, the cyclic Somatostatin increased, in a statistically significant way, the levels of plasma glucose in both starved groups of rats. PMID- 45000 TI - [Effect of cyclic somatostatin on ethanol-induced hypoglycemia]. AB - The authors examined the activity of the cyclic Somatostatin on Ethanol hypoglycemia. While the peptide is capable of increasing the plasma glucose levels of hypoglicemia starved rats, it does not increase the levels of plasma glucose in normal rats under the action of ethanol perfusion. PMID- 45001 TI - A study on the sequestration of adenosine and its conversion to adenine by the cyclic AMP-adenosine binding protein/S-adenosylhomocysteinase from mouse liver. PMID- 45002 TI - Sequestration of adenosine in crude extract from mouse liver and other tissues. AB - Adenosine (1 microM) was incubated in the presence of dialyzed crude tissue extract from mouse liver and its degradation determined. At high concentration of tissue extract, a fraction of adenosine was not metabolized. This phenomenon, termed sequestration of adenosine, was shown to be affected in the same way by the same factors (pH, salt, reducing agent and adenine) as those affecting the protection of adenosine against deamination in the presence of the purified cyclic AMP-adenosine binding protein/S-adenosylhomocysteinase from mouse liver (Saebo, J. and Ueland, P.M. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 587, 333--340). These data point to a role of this protein in the sequestration of adenosine in crude extract. The sequestration potency in crude extract could be determined by diluting the extract in the presence of a constant amount of adenosine deaminase added to the tissue extract. Under these conditions there was linearity of adenosine not available for degradation versus the concentration of tissue extract, and a total recovery of the sequestration potency of purified binding protein added to the crude extract was observed. The tissue level of the cyclic AMP-adenosine binding protein/S-adenosylhomocysteinase in mouse liver was determined by two independent procedures based on the sequestration of adenosine and the hydrolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine, respectively. The intracellular concentration was calculated to be 10 microM. The sequestration of adenosine in crude extract from mouse, rat, rabbit and bovine tissues was determined and showed requirements similar to those of the sequestration in mouse liver extract. The ability to sequester adenosine was high in liver and decreased in the following order: liver, kidney, adrenal cortex, brain, uterus, cardiac and skeletal muscle. PMID- 45003 TI - Molecular mechanisms of olfactory reception. IV. Some biochemical characteristics of the camphor receptor from rat olfactory epithelium. AB - Some parameters of the receptor element from the rat olfactory epithelium are evaluated; it is characterized by high affinity for camphor (KD = 1.5. x 10(-9) M). Triton X-100 has no marked effect on the binding of [3H]camphor. Neither RNAase nor phospholipase C affected [3H]camphor-binding activity. Pronase and trypsin abolished [3H]camphor binding activity by 65 and 40%, respectively. Sulfhydryl reagents decrease the binding of [3H]camphor by a factor of 5--8. The isoelectric point of the receptor solubilized with Triton X-100 is 4.8, as determined by isoelectric focusing. The molecular weight of the receptor as determined by gel electrophoresis is about 120 000. It is proposed that the camphor receptor is a membrane protein containing sulfhydryl groups and playing a key role in olfactory reception. PMID- 45004 TI - The pH dependence of the reactions of flavin triplet states with amino acids. A laser flash photolysis study. AB - The pH dependence of the rate constants of reaction of several amino acids with the triplet states of flavin mononucleotide in aqueous solution has been determined. In addition, the relative contributions of hydrogen atom transfer, electron transfer and physical deactivation to the overall process of triplet quenching by amino acids have been estimated. Analogous experiments to those with amino acids were carried out with EDTA as the substrate. The results indicate that the flavin triplet state abstracts an electron from EDTA but does not form an excited state flavin-EDTA complex as suggested in a previous study. PMID- 45005 TI - Some properties of lipase from Geotrichum asteroides. AB - The optimal conditions for the manifestation of the lipase activity of an enzyme preparation from the culture liquid of the fungus Geotrichum asteroides were determined. It was found that the rate of hydrolysis depends on the substrate concentration, the enzyme concentration, and the reaction time. The lipase from G. asteroids is rather stable--it loses practically no activity in a year at 4 degrees C. The temperature optimum of the enzyme preparation is 37 degrees. The lipase from G. asteroides is most active at pH 8.0; it retains its activity when kept for 3 h in a reaction medium with a pH from 3 to 10. PMID- 45006 TI - Loss of nitrogen by denitrification. AB - A series of experiments showed the quantity and composition of nitrogen lost in gaseous form from fertilizers in soil is largely determined by the conditions of denitrification. Loss of nitrogen from ammonium sulfate or calcium nitrate was mainly through the release of nitrous oxide and molecular nitrogen, while nitrogen was released from sodium nitrite in the form of nitric oxide. Under anaerobic conditions and at neutral soil pH in the presence of glucose, the more reduced gaseous forms of nitrogen were released. However, the oxides of nitrogen predominated under conditions unfavorable for denitrification. The nitrogen oxides were not the terminal products of nitrogen conversion (nitrates and nitrites). By a process of dissimilation, the nitrogen oxides acted as electron acceptors for microorganisms, being converted to N2O and N2. The reduction of NO generally led to the formation of N2O as an intermediate, and depended on pH, aeration, and the presence of an energy source for the denitrifying organisms. PMID- 45007 TI - [Renovascular complications of hepatitis B]. PMID- 45008 TI - [Periarteritis nodosa and glomerulonephritis in carriers of hepatitis B antigen]. PMID- 45009 TI - In vitro Dimroth rearrangement of 1-(2-carboxyethyl) adenine to N6-(2 carboxyethyl)adenine in single-stranded calf thymus DNA. AB - The new adduct N6-(2-carboxyethyl)adenine (N6-CEA) was prepared from 1-(2 carboxyethyl)adenine (1-CEA) by base catalyzed (Dimroth) rearrangement of 1-CEA. The structure of N6-CEA was assigned on the basis of UV spectra and electron impact and isobutane chemical ionization mass spectra. When the carcinogen beta propiolactone was reacted in vitro with calf thymus DNA, 1-CEA but not N6-CEA was detected on paper chromatograms following acid hydrolysis of the DNA. When BPL reacted single-stranded DNA was incubated at pH 11.7 (37 degrees C, 18 h) prior to acid hydrolysis, it was found that 1-CEA was completely converted to N6-CEA in DNA by Dimroth rearrangement, whereas no conversion occurred at pH 7.5. The extent of Dimroth rearrangement at various pHs and temperatures was determined for 1-CEA, 1-methyladenine (1-MeA), 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-deoxyadenosine-5' monophosphoric acid (1-CEdAdo5'P) and the phosphodiester 5'-O-(2 carboxyethyl)phosphono-1-(2-carboxyethyl)deoxyadenosine (1-CE-Ado-5'-P-CE). PMID- 45010 TI - Induction of presumptive preneoplastic lesions in rat liver by a single dose of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. PMID- 45011 TI - New aspects of glutathione metabolism and translocation in mammals. AB - An appreciable fraction of the sulphur present in the mammal occurs in the form of glutathione, whose concentration in various tissues ranges from about 0.8 to about 8 mM; the extracellular concentration of glutatione (largely present as the disulphide) is in the micromolecular range. The synthesis of glutathione and its utilization take place by the reactions of the gamma-glutamyl cycle, which include those catalysed by gamma-glutamylcysteine and glutathione synthetases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, cysteinylglycinase, gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferease, and 5-oxoprolinase. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase catalyses transpeptidation (with amino acids and dipeptides) and hydrolysis reactions with both blutathione and its disulphide. The transpeptidase is membrane-boudn, apparently to the outer surface of the cell, and is found in certain epithelial cells in anatomical sites that are involved in transport and secretory activities (e.g., renal tubule, jejunal villi, choroid plexus, ciliary body). Evidence that the reactions of the gamma-glutamyl cycle take place in vivo has come from studies with labelled metabolites and selective enzyme inhibitors, and on inborn errors of metabolism associated with specific enzyme deficiencies. Inhibition in vivo of gamma-glutamyl cyclotransferase and 5-oxoprolinase leads, respectively, to decreased and increased renal levels of 5-oxoproline. Administration of a specific inhibitor of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, such as buthionine sulphoximine, leads to a rapid decline in the glutamylcysteine synthetase, such as buthionine sulphoximine, leads to a rapid decline in the glutathione level of the kidney and other tissues, reflecting the appreciable rate of glutathione utilization. When gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is inhibited in vivo by injection of L- or D-gamma-glutamyl-(o-carboxy)phenylhydrazide, there is extensive glutathionuria and the blood plasma level of glutathione increases. Studies in which inhibitors of glutathione synthesis and transpeptidation were given to mice showed that transport of intracellular glutathione to membrane-bound transpeptidase is a discrete step in the gamma-glutamyl cycle, and that the level of plasma glutatione reflects (a) synthesis of glutathione and its export by liver, muscle, and other tissues and (b) utilization of glutatione by kidney and other tissues. Studies on several lymphoid cell lines show that these cells also actively translocate glutathione out of the cell. A summary scheme is given for the metabolism of glutathione in which glutathione is translocated to the cell membrane where it may be utilized as such or oxidized to glutathione disulphide. Oxidation is inhibited, and transpeptidation is promoted by the presence of amino acids that are substrates of the transpeptidase. Glutathione exported from cells that have membrane-bound transpeptidase may be recovered by the cell transport of gamma-glutamyl amino acids and free amino acids... PMID- 45012 TI - Sulphatase A: an arylsulphatase and a glycosulphatase. AB - Sulphatase A was first described as an arylsulphatase but was subsequently shown to have cerebroside sulphatase activity, bydrolysing galactose 3-sulphate residues in certain lipids. A characteristic feature of the arylsulphatase activity is the substrate-induced inactivation of the enzyme which occurs during the catalytic reaction. Present views of the course of this modification are considered. A similar modification of the enzyme does not occur during the cerebroside sulphatase reaction and the fall in velocity noted during most such assays can be explained by disappearance of substrate and accumulation of sulphate. Possible reasons for the difference between the two types of activity are considered. Sulphatase A also hydrolyses hexose sulphates at rates comparable to those of aryl sulphates. The specificity of sulphatase A towards its natural substrates, sulpholipids, is considered in the light of these findings. PMID- 45013 TI - [Use of anti-inflammatory analgesics, alclofenac (Allopydin), in orodental surgery]. PMID- 45014 TI - [Adverse effects of phenothiazines resulting in temporomandibular dislocations]. PMID- 45015 TI - [The role of renin after betablocking diuretic and vasodilator treatment in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Ten patients affected by essential moderate or severe hypertension were given five sequential treatments, each for three weeks: 1) placebo, 2) chlorthalidone (Cl) 100 mg daily, 3) Cl 50 mg + oxprenolol slow release (Ox) 160 mg daily, 4) Ox 160 mg and 5) Ox 320 mg daily. Four subjects poor responders (DPB greater than or equal to 110 mmHg) received a later administration of Ox 160 + Cl 50 + hydrallazine (Hydr) 25-100 mg daily. Both groups of patients showed the greatest antihypertensive action with Ox 160 + Cl 50 mg daily. Oxprenolol induced a similar hypotensive effectiveness at 160, as well as 320 mg/day. Relationship between plasma renin activity (PRA) values and antihypertensive response to each treatment takes the following conclusions: 1) Basal PRA levels cannot be a guide for preferential choice of diuretic or betablocking therapy. 2) It is likely that renin activated by Cl and Hydr partially blunts their hypotensive activity. On the contrary, essential hypertension with normal or low PRA does not seem depending on angiogensinogenic factors. 3) Oxprenolol remarkably inhibits the overreninism induced by chlorthalidone and hydrallazine, in such way increasing their antihypertensive action. 4) In the management of essential moderate or severe hypertension is preferable to employ a mild dosage of betablockers and diuretics, rather than use higher doses of a single agent. PMID- 45016 TI - [Italian Society of Hemtology --peripheral sections. Abstracts of scientific communications. Section Latium. Abstracts of communications presented on 15 February 1979]. PMID- 45017 TI - XXV Annual conference-Silver Jubilee session, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, December 1979. Abstracts. PMID- 45018 TI - [Different components of the pain behaviour and analgesic methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 45020 TI - Proceedings of the twelfth annual conference of the Human Ergology Research Association, Nagasaki, April 8-9, 1977. PMID- 45019 TI - [The effects of electrical and pharmacological stimulation with the combination of atropine, phentolamine and propranolol on the types of proteins secreted by rat parotid and submandibular glands]. PMID- 45021 TI - [The 80th Congress of the Otolaryngological Society of Japan Abstracts]. PMID- 45022 TI - Desensitisation and media violence. PMID- 45023 TI - Psychological prodromata of myocardial infarction. PMID- 45024 TI - Human factors in aviation. PMID- 45026 TI - Proceedings of the 5th Anniversary Symposium of Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry Tokyo, 5, 6 November 1979. PMID- 45025 TI - Amyl nitrite and the EEG: a pilot study. PMID- 45027 TI - [The 26th Congress of the Japanese Society of Clinical Pathology. Abstracts]. PMID- 45028 TI - [Abstracts of papers presented at XXI annual meeting of Japan Society of Smooth Muscle Research]. PMID- 45029 TI - The present and provisional state of auxiliary personnel in eye care in Japan. PMID- 45030 TI - [Hypereosinophilic syndrome. Centrifugal annular erythema as an initial manifestation]. AB - Several closely related conditions make up the idopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. This syndrome is characterized by persistent and prolonged eosinophilia. The most frequent lesions are in the hematologic, neurologic and gastrointestinal systems. A case is reported in which the initial complaint was an erythema annulare centrifugum. PMID- 45032 TI - [Argentina Society for Clinical Investigation. 24th scientific session, Mar del Plata, 20-22 November 1979. Abstracts]. PMID- 45031 TI - [Electroencephalographic abnormalities during treatment with psychopharmacological agents]. PMID- 45033 TI - [Adverse side effects in the treatment of human hypertension]. PMID- 45034 TI - [Pharmacologic properties and therapeutic use of beta adrenergic receptor blocking drugs]. PMID- 45035 TI - [Some aspects of the analgesic glaphenine (Glifanan)]. PMID- 45036 TI - [Indications and limitations of treatment with beta-blocking agents in myocardial hypoxia during diabetic disease]. PMID- 45037 TI - [Tooth injuries in childhood]. PMID- 45038 TI - [Wound healing processes in dentoalveolar injuries]. PMID- 45039 TI - Rapid test for screening of narcotic analgesics in mice. AB - 50 microliter of a solution of 0.35 N NH4OH containing 2.325% EDTA and 0.837% NaCl injected intradermally in mice elicited reproducible short term behavior typical for nociceptive stimulus. This behavior was inhibited specifically by narcotic analgesics. This procedure may be used as a specific test for screening and for dose--effect studies of narcotic analgetic drugs in mice. PMID- 45040 TI - The effect of dietary vitamin E on indomethacin stimulated chemiluminescense in rat liver microsomes. AB - Peroxidation of endogenous lipid by rat liver microsomes, coupled with oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was markedly stimulated in the presence of indomethacin [1-(p-chlorobenzyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl 3-indole acetic acid], a potent anti-inflammatory drug. This system also generated a rapidly developed chemiluminescense (CL), the intensity and rate of development of which were related to indomethacin concentration and the amount of peroxidation in the sample. Microsomes from rats fed a liquid diet based on Sego diet drink (Pet Incorporated) failed to chemiluminesce with or without added indomethacin. Supplementation of the Sego diet with a polyunsaturated fatty acid (C18:3) did not restore the chemiluminescense. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that vitamin E (a component of the Sego liquid diet) inhibited the microsomal chemiluminescense reaction in a dose related manner. PMID- 45041 TI - Is a slow reacting substance-like compound involved in rat platelet agglutination. AB - Endoperoxide analogs at doses 100-fold higher than those required to aggregate human platelet-rich plasma (PRP), were ineffective on rat PRP. Indomethacin (20 microM) and imidazole did not affect arachidonate-induced aggregation of rat PRP. On the other hand, prostaglandin (PG) E1 inhibited aggregation at doses similar to those effective on human PRP, while high doses of PGI2 failed to inhibit arachidonate aggregation in the rat. Eicosatetraynoic acid (10 microgram) blocked the second phase of aggregation; the Ca2+-ionophore A 23187 potentiated the arachidonate effect. Thus, it appears that endoperoxides or thromboxane A2 may not be involved in rat platelet aggregation and that the formation of aggregants from arachidonate shares many properties with the biosynthesis of slow reacting substance, a metabolite of arachidonic acid containing a sulphate group. To test this, rat PRP was incubated with labeled sulphate and aggregated with arachidonate. After column and thin layer chromatography a labeled lipid was identified having a mobility higher than phospholipids but lower than PGF2 alpha. Treatment with arylsulphatase decreased radioactivity by at least 70%. PMID- 45042 TI - Strategies in psychosomatic practice and research. Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Psychosomatic Research, Bodo, July 1978. PMID- 45043 TI - [Electrical soldering of precision attachment dies on the model casting base]. PMID- 45044 TI - [Report of the ICRU to the Executive Committee of the XIV International Radiology Congress]. PMID- 45045 TI - [Medico-veterinary importance of mosquitoes in Cuba]. AB - Cuban mosquitoes are an important factor in the transmission of both viral and protozoal and helminthic diseases. Eighteen species which have transmitted or are potential transmissors of different agents causing diseases in man or in domestic animals are reported in this paper. Sixteen illustrations of the mosquito species with a highest significance in Cuba are enclosed to the paper for their better identification. PMID- 45046 TI - Experimental extracorporeal haemabsorption in the post-resuscitation period in dogs. AB - Experimental extracorporeal haemabsorption in dogs, administered in the post resuscitation period after cardiac arrest due to electro-trauma, improved the blood chemistry and diminished the acidosis considerably. PMID- 45047 TI - [In vitro measurement of antacid capacity of commonly employed antacids (author's transl)]. PMID- 45048 TI - [Clinical management of Loxosceles poisoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 45049 TI - [Prospects of beta-blocking treatment in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 45050 TI - [Persistent oviduct syndrome with cross testicular ectopy]. PMID- 45051 TI - [Complications associated with biliary surgery in patients with sickle cell anemia]. PMID- 45052 TI - International conference on disaster medicine. PMID- 45053 TI - Which benzodiazepine, why and how? PMID- 45054 TI - Multiple endocrine neoplasia: Part I. Wermer's syndrome. AB - Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type I is a genetically inherited disorder which predominantly involves the parathyroid and pituitary glands and pancreatic islets. Symptoms relevant to each endocrine gland may be present individually or in combination, since the tumours or hyperplasia can occur either synchronously or alone. Measurement of plasma hormone levels, endocrine function tests and radiological examination are necessary to make the diagnosis. Resection of the affected glands or treatment with specific pharmacotherapy is required for control of the disease. Long-term follow-up examination is vital to detect the appearance of lesions in other endocrine glands or the development of metastases. Screening of relatives and genetic counselling are important in the management of affected families. PMID- 45055 TI - Acceptance and efficacy of pneumococccal vaccine. PMID- 45056 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of polyarteritis nodosa. AB - Eleven patients with a diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa were seen over an 8-year period in Cape Town, and evaluated as to clinical presentation, the most effective diagnostic approach, and the response to therapy. The major features of fever, abdominal pain, peripheral neuritis, myalgia/arthralgia, weight loss, proteinuria, positive urinary sediment and high white blood cell count should readily lead to the diagnosis which can be confirmed by multiple muscle biopsies. At the same time an ellipse of skin and subcutaneous fat can be taken. If the diagnosis is made early enough, an aggressive approach to therapy with steroid and immunosuppressive drugs can induce a response even in those patients who already have renal failure. PMID- 45057 TI - Prifinium bromide - a new antispasmodic. AB - A new antispasmodic, prifinium bromide (Riabal; Intal Ethicals) has been evaluated clinically and found to be most effective in the therapy of spastic and inco-ordinated lesions of the oesophagus. PMID- 45058 TI - Suppression of uterine activity with salbutamol before caesarean section. AB - In 32 patients undergoing emergency intrapartum caesarean section labour was suppressed with 250 micrograms salbutamol. The biochemical status of the neonates was compared with that of 15 controls. The initial results did not demonstrate a major difference between the two groups, but when only proven cases of fetal distress (H less than 7,25) in the two groups were compared, a significant improvement in the PO, pH and base deficit values in the umbilical vein as well as in the PO2 and pH values in the umbilical artery was noted in the group which had been given salbutamol. No major maternal side-effects were noted and this, together with the simplicity of the regimen, makes it a valuable temporizing measure in such cases. PMID- 45060 TI - An analysis of a continuing medical education questionnaire sent to psychiatrists in the Southern Transvaal. AB - The problem of continuing medical education (CME) for psychiatrists was studied by questionnaire. Of the 16 out of 40 people who responded, all felt CME was necessary and most favoured symposia, lectures and congresses. While nearly everyone read journals in psychiatric and non-psychiatric fields, group journal reviews as a form of CME were categorically rejected. Most respondents are prepared to contribute time and effort. The implications of CME are discussed, and the need for further research is emphasized. PMID- 45059 TI - Danger of haemodialysis using acetate dialysate in combination with a large surface area dialyser. AB - Large surface area, high mass transfer dialysers have recently come into widespread use, and it has been shown that they promote the loss of large amounts of bicarbonate when acetate is used in the dialysate. The present study was designed to confirm these metabolic consequences and quantitatively to compare two commonly used dialysers in this respect. Simultaneous measurement of arterial and venous blood gases has shown that there is a significant reduction in bicarbonate, carbon dioxide tension, and pH of blood returning to the patient from the dialyser. These changes were greatest with the 2,5-m2 hollow-fibre dialyser, and least with the 1,4-m2 coil dialyser. In the chronic dialysis patient in a steady state, these effects may be inconsequential but, in an acutely ill patient, the combination of a dialysate containing acetate and a high efficiency dialyser may be extremely hazardous. A return to the use of bicarbonate as the source of base would avoid such hazards and would promote the more physiological correction of the metabolic acidosis of renal failure. PMID- 45061 TI - Hypertension '79. Johannesburg, 2 - 3 March 1979 [proceedings]. PMID- 45062 TI - [Method of modifying macroporus silica sorbents with polyvinylpyrrolidone]. PMID- 45063 TI - [Is resonance catastrophe possible during tooth preparation?]. PMID- 45064 TI - Hemodynamic effects of somatostatin in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate possible hemodynamic effects of somatostatin in insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. For this purpose, 7 insulin requiring juvenile-onset diabetics were submitted to a short-term infusion of cyclic somatostatin (250 micrograms/h, over 2 h) or saline in randomized order. Somatostatin infusion resulted in a progressive and significant decrease in heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac index and velocity circumferential fiber; on the other hand, left ventricular ejection time was augmented by somatostatin. None of these effects was seen in the saline control study. We conclude that somatostatin exerts a negative inotropic effect in insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 45066 TI - Proceedings of the General Meeting of the Japan Hematological Society: Symposium I. von Willebrand's disease and allied disorders. PMID- 45065 TI - Somatostatin and insulin secretion in man. II. The effect of theophylline. AB - This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of theophylline, a drug that increases the intracellular concentrations of cAMP by inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity, on somatostatin (SRIF)-mediated inhibition of insulin secretion in man. Acute insulin response (AIR) to i.v. glucose (mean change 3-10 min) was almost totally suppressed by SRIF (500 micrograms/h) and glucose utilization was reduced (p less than 0.0001). These SRIF-induced decreases failed to be eliminated by a concurrent infusion of theophylline (100 mg as a loading dose followed by a constant infusion of 5 mg/min). Theophylline alone resulted in a significant increase in both AIR (p less than 0.01) and glucose removal rates (p less than 0.05). Thus, our data disprove the involvement of the phosphodiesterase enzymes in the inhibitory action of SRIF on glucose-induced insulin secretion in man. PMID- 45067 TI - Proceedings of the XXXXI General Meeting of the Japan Hematological Society: Symposium II. Leukemia and blood cell differentiation. PMID- 45068 TI - Spontaneous labor and elective induction--a prospective randomized study. I. Effects on mother and fetus. AB - In a prospective randomized study spontaneous and oxytocin induced labor "for convenience" have been compared with respect to uterine activity, duration of labor, the condition of the fetus and the newborn infant. The study consists of 84 normal patients, of whom 43 were induced at full term by amniotomy and oxytocin infusion using the Cardiff Infusion System Mark II; 41 patients served as controls. No difference in maternal age, number of previous pregnancies and pelvic score one week before the day of delivery were found between the groups. The following parameters were calculated: duration of labor, uterine activity, amount of bleeding in the third stage of labor, number of early and late decelerations as well as number of episodes of bradycardia in the CTG-recordings, birth weight, Apgar score one and five minutes post-delivery and blood gases in mother and child 60 seconds after delivery. No significant differences between the two groups were found. It is concluded that there are no increased risks to mother or fetus compared to normal labor provided that there is cephalic presentation and normal pregnancy, careful selection with respect to the length of pregnancy and the condition of the cervix and that the Cardiff infusion system is used with intrauterine pressure recording and continuous fetal heart monitoring. PMID- 45069 TI - [Synthesis of N,N-diethylaminoethyl ethers of flavanone oximes and the study of their antihistaminic and spasmolytic properties]. PMID- 45070 TI - [Effect of contamination on agglomeration and sedimentation rate of barium sulfate used in diagnostics]. PMID- 45071 TI - International colloquium on basic health services in developing countries. Antwerp, Belgium, 8-10 December 1978. Workshops. PMID- 45072 TI - International colloquium on basic health services in developing countries. Antwerp, Belgium, 8-10 December 1978. PMID- 45073 TI - [Neurovegetative regulation of the heart and use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents]. AB - Dynamic adaptation of cardiac activity to respond to various physiological and pathological situations involves the autonomic nervous systems by means of negative feed-back. Beta-blocking drugs are very effective in changing cardiocirculatory regulation equilibria by altering the intensity of the negative feed-back mechanism, or by converting positive feed-back into negative feed-back. A strict and specific indication for the use of these powerful drugs is therefore required. Treatment should also take the form of courses, and be limited in terms of time wherever possible. PMID- 45074 TI - [Treatment of essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 45075 TI - Selective papers from the 3rd annual meeting of Latin-American Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition--April, 1978 [abstracts]. PMID- 45076 TI - Membrane dynamics: effects of environmental stress. PMID- 45077 TI - Anti-arrhythmic drugs. PMID- 45078 TI - Airway pharmacology. PMID- 45079 TI - Isolation, purification, and study of certain properties of diacetyl(acetoin) reductase in the yeast Saccharomyces vini. AB - A highly active preparation of diacetyl(acetoin) reductase was isolated from cell free extracts of the yeast Saccharomyces vini. Since the activity ratio of 2,3 butanediol dehydrogenase and diacetyl(acetoin) reductase was practically unchanged in the process of 65-fold purification, it can be assumed that the yeast cells contain one enzyme, which catalyzes both the reversible oxidation of 2,3-butanediol to acetoin by NAD and the practically irreversible reduction of diacetyl to acetoin by NAD-H2. Some properties of this enzyme were studied. PMID- 45080 TI - Conventional techniques for membrane-bound enzymes. PMID- 45081 TI - Benzodiazepines: some aspects of their clinical pharmacology. AB - Benzodiazepine derivatives are the most commonly prescribed anti-anxiety agents in clinical practice. Six benzodiazepine anxiolytics are now available in the United States. Additional drugs are used in other parts of the world, and many others are in various stages of clinical testing. All these benzodiazepine derivatives have similar neuropharmacological properties--they reduce anxiety, produce sedation and sleep, have anticonvulsant effects, and can produce muscle relaxation. Faced with this bewildering array of drugs from the same class which are very similar in intrinsic effects upon the brain, the clinician may well ask how best to make a rational choice among the available derivatives. Despite neuropharmacological similarities, there are differences among benzodiazepines in patterns of absorption, distribution, and elimination by the human body. These pharmacokinetic differences may in turn lead to apparent differences in clinical action. This review summarizes pertinent pharmacokinetic characteristics of benzodiazepine anti-anxiety agents. PMID- 45082 TI - Hypertension: neural and humoral mechanisms. PMID- 45083 TI - Activation of a prorenin-like substance in human plasma by trypsin and by urinary kallikrein. PMID- 45084 TI - Modification of the enzymatic activity of renin by acidification of plasma and by exposure of plasma to cold temperatures. PMID- 45085 TI - Autoregulation versus other vasoconstrictors in hypertension. A critical review. PMID- 45086 TI - [Bacterial infections and possibility of oral antibiotic therapy with cephaclor]. PMID- 45087 TI - [In vitro activity of cefaclor (author's transl)]. AB - A comparative study was conducted on the in vitro activity of cefaclor and other oral cephalosporins against a large number of freshly isolated clinical strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The activity of cefaclor against gram-positive pathogens is very similar to that of cephalexin. The action of cefaclor against Streptococcus pneumoniae is superior. Cefaclor is the most active antibiotic against strains of Haemophilus influenzae, and is also more active than cephalexin and cephradine against non-beta-lactamase producing strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Proteus mirabilis. PMID- 45088 TI - Summary of laboratory studies on the antibacterial activity of cefaclor. AB - Laboratory aspects of cefaclor, a new orally-effective cephalosporin antibiotic, are summarized. On the basis of data from a variety of studies, the useful antibacterial spectrum of cefaclor is shown to include all classes of bacteria that are generally susceptible to cephalothin and cephalexin. Cefaclor has a significant potency advantage over cephalexin against many Enterobacteriaceae, Haemophilus sp. and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bacteria that are susceptible to cefaclor are killed by concentrations at or near the inhibitory concentration. In vitro enzymatic hydrolysis experiments have shown that cefaclor is a relatively good substrate for several beta-lactamases. Orally administered cefaclor is effective in protection of mice from the lethal effects of intraperitoneal challenges with cefaclor-susceptible bacteria. The chemical instability of cefaclor, test medium composition and inoculum density influence the results of in vitro susceptibility tests with cefaclor. Methods for routine susceptibility testing are described. PMID- 45089 TI - Open forum: amenorrhea and surgery of the fallopian tubes. PMID- 45090 TI - Sperm quality in adult diabetic men. AB - In 65 adult diabetic men and 77 control men without diabetes, both groups without any problems as to fertility, the following characteristics of ejaculate have been compared: volume of seminal fluid, sperm concentration per milliliter, total sperm count, sperm morphology, and motility at 1, 3, and 5 hours after ejaculation. In the entire diabetic group, sperm morphology and motility at 1 hour after ejaculation was statistically significantly worse. In 15 diabetics without sexual disurbances only sperm morphology was statistically significantly worse compared with an equally large control groups. In 50 diabetics with erection disturbances, sperm volume and motility in three successive observations were statistically remarkably lower. In younger age subgroups, the differences between diabetics and nondiabetics were more marked than in older age subgroups. The patients' age, when diabetes was discovered in them, did not essentially influence the quality of the ejaculate where diabetes lasted 8 or more years. Diabetics over 40 years' age displayed a significantly lower sperm volume. The total sperm count and motility at 3 and 5 hours after ejaculation, with 12 or more years' duration of diabetes, differed from diabetes of 2 years' duration. On the basis of these observations a negative influence of diabetes on the quality of the ejaculate seems unquestionable. There exists great variability in the adverse effect on the individual diabetic. Also, the individual characteristics of the ejaculate are affected, usually, to a different extent: the most frequently and markedly affected being the sperm motility, then morphology and/or volume of ejaculate, and the least often and the least conspicuously, the sperm count. PMID- 45091 TI - Endocrinological analysis of environmental menstrual disorders. AB - In 139 new student nurses, a change of menstrual cycles after school entry was studied, recording their basal body temperature over more than 4 months. In some of these students, serum FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone were assayed every day or every other day throughout the second cycle after entry. Forty-six out of 72 students with previously normal menstrual cycles changed the length of their cycles. In most of the cases with a change in menstrual cycle, LH seemed not to be released in adequate amounts judging by the peak of estrogen and ovulation did not occur; the lack of sufficient LH stimulation resulted in anovulatory shortened cycles, amenorrhea or prolonged ovulatory cycles, followed by delayed ovulation. Also, in these cases, corpus luteum insufficiency persisted even when the ovulation returned. Prolactin was not considered to be involved in the mechanism of environmental menstrual disorders because serum prolactin did not increase in the cases with menstrual change. It can be concluded that environmental change or stress influences LH-RH cells in the hypothalamic centers simultaneously with the stimulation of ACTH secretion, and suppresses ovulation by decreasing LH secretion, and causes the different types of menstrual disorders. PMID- 45092 TI - Psychological reactions of couples to artificial insemination with donor sperm. AB - The case histories of 62 couples successfully treated by AID were established through nondirective interviews, and were surprisingly similar in all cases. Several distinct stages were regularly observed: the awareness of wanting a child while the woman cannot become pregnant; the investigation of the couple's sterility with as a result, the announcement that the husband is sterile; a period in which the couple adapt to this situation; the disappearance of the feeling of guilt both of the husband, wounded in his "virility," and of the wife, ashamed of her desire for a child; acceptance of the idea of AID; request for AID; conflict with the medical profession; the disturbing seances of AID, usually in the presence of the husband; uneasiness at the beginning of pregnancy; euphoric continuation of pregnancy; uncomplicated delivery of a child whose father is very involved in its upbringing, and then request for a second child by AID. PMID- 45093 TI - An attempt to explain occurrence of patent reproductive tract in azoospermic males with tubular spermatogenesis. AB - Twenty-two azoospermic males with no hormonal disturbances who revealed tubular spermatogenesis in testicular biopsy, were further surgically explored. Eight of these patients did not show any obstruction of the seminal ducts. This paradoxical finding is explained by the possibility of a low sperm production rate much below the absorption rate of sperm, mainly by the epididymis. A threshold theory is suggested in which sperm appear in the ejaculate only when their production rate is above a certain level. This threshold cannot yet be expressed quantitatively and there is no other way except through surgical exploration by which real obstruction can be differentiated from low sperm production rate in azoospermic males with tubular spermatogenesis. PMID- 45094 TI - Surgical correction of cervical incompetence. AB - Results obtained with a modified surgical cerclage technique in 80 patients suffering from isthmic cervical incompetence are analyzed. The operation was performed once in 58 patients and twice in 22, giving a total of 102 pregnancies treated. The technique is described in detail, emphasizing its advantages. In 73 pregnancies (71.5%) the outcome was satisfactory (the newborn babies survived) despite the fact that in 66 instances (65%) cervical modifications were present at the time of the operation. PMID- 45095 TI - Semen separation technique monitored with greater accuracy by B-body test. AB - A fluorescent staining technique, the B-body test, is utilized to ascertain the proportion of male and female spermatozoa in separated semen. This test is also used to monitor progress of Thermal Convection Counterstreaming Sedimentation and Forced Convection Galvanization processes for separating heavier electropositive (female) and lighter electronegative (male) spermatozoa into the two constituent fractions. Biological field tests using separated semen with 1,115 cows resulted in 510 progeny showing close correlation in the percentage of male versus female and B-body positive in the male spermatozoa fractions, while a control group with nonseparated semen, usually 46% B-body positive, yielded 55% male offspring and 72.0% pregnancy. Thus, the accuracy of the separation techniques has been established to the extent of producing more females with heavier and electropositive and more males with the lighter and electronegative spermatozoa fractions. However, the pregnancy rate slopes downward as the positive electropotential and density of the spermatozoa are successively increased. PMID- 45096 TI - Autoproteolysis in human seminal plasma under acidic condition. AB - The existence of both neutral and acidic proteases in human seminal plasma suggests a possible autohydrolysis of the proteins in the fluid. By means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the autoproteolysis in human seminal plasma was shown to occur at pH 3.5 but not at pH 5.0--7.5 conditions. At pH 3.5, most proteins of large molecular weight, except one of 28,000 daltons, were completely hydrolyzed into peptides of 13,000 daltons or smaller. The autoproteolysis was due to the action of the acidic protease since it can be blocked by 1 mM of p-bromophenacyl-bromide or 1,2-epoxy 3-(p-nitrophenoxy) propane, the specific inhibitors of the acidic protease. PMID- 45098 TI - The use of frozen-thawed semen for therapeutic insemination (donor). PMID- 45097 TI - Techniques for laparoscopy on patients with previous abdominal surgery. AB - Many clinicans are hesitant to perform laparoscopy on patients with previous intra-abdominal surgery, because of increased risk of hemorrhage or intestinal perforation in the presence of abdominal adhesions. Experiences and techniques used in Grady Memorial Hospital to increase the safety of laparoscopic procedures performed on patients with extensive abdominal adhesions are discussed. PMID- 45099 TI - Experimental design for the surgical relocation of the ovary into the vaginal fornix. AB - After translocation into the vaginal vault while attached to a pedicle consisting of the infundibulo-pelvic ligament, the ovary was found to maintain its function in laboratory primates. In the majority of the baboons the ovulatory pattern returned within a few weeks after the surgical procedure. The only significant complication was a transitory, and self-limited, infection which was evident on inspection and on the biopsy specimens, but caused no clinical symptoms. By comparing the surgical outcome in two primate species, namely Papio Cynocephalus and Macaca Arctoides, it could be deduced that the Homo Sapiens would be a more suitable experimental model than either of the laboratory primates used in this research. Because there are potentially effective methods for reducing the likelihood of postoperative infection in the relocated ovary, the experience gained by this new method suggests the possibility that it could be utilized in the future for the purpose of collecting ova for in vitro fertilization in carefully selected, and otherwise untreatable, cases of female sterility. PMID- 45100 TI - Hyperprolactinemia and polycystic ovarian syndrome. AB - Prolactin and pituitary gonadotropin levels were studied in eight patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome. All women were of reproductive age and had had menstrual disorders since menarche. Three patients had hyperprolactinemia with or without galactorrhea and tomograms of the sella turcica revealed pituitary microadenomas. The remaining five patients with normal baseline prolactin levels had a prolactin stimulation test which used 25 mg of thorazine per os, and a prolactin suppression test using l-dopa 500 mg per os. Analysis of the results of these tests and a comparison with tests performed in five normal individuals used as controls showed significantly different responses in the two groups of women. The preliminary information obtained indicates that an abnormal prolactin secretion status may exist in the polycystic ovarian syndrome. PMID- 45101 TI - Spontaneous motility of isolated mesosalpinx-free isthmic and ampullar segments from human oviducts, and the influences of indomethacin and prostacyclin (PGI2). AB - The spontaneous contractile activity of isolated mesosalpinx-deprived isthmic and ampullar segments from estrogen dominated human oviducts and the influences of indomethacin, prostaglandin F2-alpha, (PGF2-alpha), E1 (PGE1), E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) on their motility, were explored. Indomethacin enhanced significantly the Isometric Developed Tension (I.D.T.) of the isthmic but not the ampullar region. On the other hand, a single and identical concentration (10(-6) M) of PGE1 and PGI2 depressed the ampulla whereas PGE2 and PGF2-alpha enhanced its contractions. In the isthmus, PGE1, PGE2, and PGF2-alpha augmented whereas PGI2 diminished the I.D.T. Dose-response curves of PGI2 demonstrated a dose dependent depression of I.D.T. and contractile frequency of both ampullar and isthmic regions. Furthermore, in the isthmus PGI2 resulted in a biphasic action on resting basal tone (depressing at low and augmenting at high concentrations), whereas in the ampulla only a progressive dose-dependent decline, was observed. The results suggest that a prostaglandin with inhibitory capacity, presumably PGI2, may be synthesized by the human isthmus and play some role in the reduced spontaneous activity observed under estrogenic dominance. PMID- 45102 TI - Inherent ranges of seminal prolactin in pre- and postvasectomy subjects. AB - Seminal immunoreactive prolactin (i prolactin) was studied in 14 healthy subjects, ages 31 +/- 2 SEM, before and after undergoing elective vassectomy for birth control. Seminal plasma was separated within 2 hours of ejaculation, and prolactin was measured in duplicate by radioimmunoassay. The difference between the prevasectomy (mean +/- SEM 11.1 +/- 0.8 ng/ml) and postvasectomy seminal i prolactin (mean +/- 9.9 +/- 0.7 ng/ml) was statistically significant (mean +/- SEM 1.21 +/- 0.53 ng/ml, paired t-test, t = 2.36, P < 0.05). The mean prevasectomy seminal prolactin correlated with the corresponding mean postvasectomy value of the same subject (linear regression analyses, r = 0.77, P < 0.001). This study suggested that the accessory sex organs were the major source of seminal immunoreactive prolactin, and that a minor contribution might come from the in vivo presence of spermatozoa and/or testicular secretions. It also suggested that the magnitude of seminal immunoreactive prolactin was characteristic for each individual. PMID- 45103 TI - Fertility in women after age forty-five. AB - Pregnancy after age 45 years is infrequent and the mother and baby should be considered as a high risk. There is a greater incidence of spontaneous abortion, gestational trophoblastic disease and chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus. Birth control practices should be discontinued after 49 years of age in the best interest of the woman's sexuality if abortion is acceptable to her. The patient should be completely informed of the risks and, in the event of pregnancy, abortion should be advised. PMID- 45104 TI - The use of donor mucus and insemination for cervical factor. AB - In a case of infertility due to cervical factor, application of donor mucus into the cervical canal was effective. The donor mucus with the first fraction of the husband's split ejaculate were incubated at 37 degrees C for 20 minutes. The mucus was then introduced into the cervical canal and a cervical cap for insemination was applied. A positive postcoital test was demonstrated after 6 hours. The patient conceived following a second such treatment. Donor cervical mucus aplication and insemination seem to be of value in the treatment of cervical factor. PMID- 45105 TI - A method for the in situ measurement of the electrical quantities in frog skin. AB - A method allowing the measurement of the electrical quantities related to the physiological functions of the frog skin in situ is presented. The method allows the performance of several experiments on the same pithed animal, which remains alive for a number of days. The preparation is very stable, and the electrical potential difference and short-circuit current values are higher than in isolated skin. The theory of measurement and the possible systematic errors are discussed. The possibilities of the method are evaluated on comparing the pH and temperature dependence of the electrical quantities in situ with previous measurements on isolated skin. PMID- 45106 TI - Catecholamines in fetal blood during birth in man. AB - Catecholamines and pH were determined simultaneously in human fetal scalp blood during parturition and in umbilical artery blood at birth. During the course of six normal vaginal deliveries with relatively small changes in blood pH about a ten-fold increase in catecholamine concentration was found. During six deliveries complicated by falls in blood pH to < 7.25 much higher values were often encountered. PMID- 45112 TI - Localizatin of the Thy-1 antigen in rat brain and spinal cord by immunofluorescence. PMID- 45113 TI - Synaptosomal tyrosine hydroxylation in the rat brain: comparison of activity from hippocampus and hypothalamus with activity from striatum. PMID- 45115 TI - The role of the physician's assistant in a university-based pediatric surgical service. AB - Physician's Assistants (P.A.), recent additions to the health profession, have proved valuable as "extenders" for primary physicians in relatively remote rural areas. More specialized surgical assistants have been trained for the community practicing surgeon. The introduction of physician's assistants into university centers has been proceeding at a slower pace. A need has existed for an accurate assessment of the role of the P.A. in a residency-training program. In subspecialties, such as pediatric surgery and thoracic surgery, an increasing patient load has usually required a corresponding increase in junior resident staff. This resident coverage is usually dependent upon the availability of general surgical house staff since pediatric surgical trainees are currently fixed in number. Foreign medical graduates are no longer available in large numbers and general surgical programs themselves are being reevaluated and the number of trainees decreased. In this setting physician's assistants can be used to augment patient coverage by acting as junior surgical residents. PMID- 45114 TI - Potassium stimulated calcium dependent release of immunoreactive somatostatin from incubated rat hypothalamus. PMID- 45116 TI - Abnormalities of the vas deferens and epididymis in cryptorchid boys with congenital rubella. AB - Cryptorchidism was present in 12% of 316 boys with congenital rubella (CR) followed by The Roosevelt Hospital Rubella Project. Eight of these patients, age 4 through 16 yr, had a recent orchiopexy, 4 on the left, 2 on the right, and 2 bilaterally. The vasoepididymal system was absent or apparently obstructed in 60% of the 10 sides. The epididymis was abnormal in 6 instances and the vas deferens in 5. Sixty-one boys of the entire series had an intravenous pyelogram (IVP) that was significantly abnormal in 18%. The 8 patients described all had a normal IVP except for 2 who had a malrotated kidney on the involved side. In 5 of the 8, a known maternal rubella infection has occurred during the first 8 wk of gestation. As the rubella virus is known to interfere with cellular growth and tissue differentiation in early pregnancy, it apparently altered the developing testis and mesonephric duct system. Similar vasoepididymal abnormalities have been described previously in patients with uncomplicated cryptorchidism, inguinal hernia, kidney defects, cystic fibrosis and male sterility. Their presence should alert the clinician to perform an IVP and also consider a diagnosis of congenital rubella. PMID- 45117 TI - Program for the International Society of Parenteral Nutrition, August 27 - September 1, 1978 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Abstracts. PMID- 45118 TI - [Blood platelets and cyclic nucleotide metabolism]. PMID- 45119 TI - International prostaglandin conference. PMID- 45120 TI - Expression of a liver-specific function by mouse fibroblast nuclei transplanted into rat hepatoma cytoplasts. PMID- 45121 TI - Ionic basis of the receptor potential in a vertebrate hair cell. PMID- 45122 TI - Tumour promoter alone induces neoplastic transformation of fibroblasts from humans genetically predisposed to cancer. AB - Neoplastic transformation is a multi-phase process apparently caused by carcinogens and subject to the influence of promoters. The naturally occurring phorbol esters such as 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) are potent tumour promoting agents. Through the use of phorbol esters a two-stage process of malignant transformation has been demonstrated in the mouse skin model and, more recently, in cell culture systems. Studies in vitro suggest that TPA reversibly inhibits terminal differentiation in most, but not all model systems, and that its function is presumably to increase the probability of expression of the malignant phenotype. We have studied the effects of TPA on mutant human fibroblast cell strains derived from individuals with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR), an autosomal dominant trait. We have previously demonstrated in these fibroblasts abnormal phenotypic expressions which often appear in transformed cells. In these studies, we have assumed that the ACR cell exists in an "initiated state" due to a dominant mutation and that expression of the malignant state might only require treatment with a promoting agent. This single experimental protocol provided a novel system for the study of cancer promotion in vitro. We have now demonstrated, for the first time, the growth in vivo of human mutant cells exposed to TPA alone. PMID- 45123 TI - Adrenoceptors on central neurones: microelectrophoretic studies. PMID- 45124 TI - Factors affecting the bluetongue virus neutralizing antibody response and the reaction between virus and antibody. AB - A study was made of different aspects of the bluetongue virus neutralizing antibody response and the reaction between the virus and antibody. Optimum neutralization was obtained in a 2mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 9,0, at a temperature of 4 degrees C. The reaction of virus and antibody could be demonstrated by electron microscopy in the formation of clumps which were shown to be serotype specific. It was found that both IgM and IgG antibodies can neutralize the virus, but that IgM reached its maximum level sooner after infection than IgG. PMID- 45125 TI - Trypanosoma brucei infection in nude mice: B lymphocyte function is suppressed in the absence of T lymphocytes. AB - B lymphocyte function was assessed in outbred nude mice and nu/+controls infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. On day 10 of the infection in outbred nu/nu mice in which the initial wave of parasites was strongly controlled, B cell function was unaltered on enhanced compared with uninfected animals or infected nu/+. In other nu/nu mice unable to control the initial parasitaemia, thymidine incorporation and Ig secretion by spleen cells were increased on day 10 and their response to lipopolysaccharide in vitro negated. By day 15 however, even the spleen cells of infected nu/nu which controlled the initial wave of parasites were proliferating and secreting Ig on removal from the mice and they were unable to respond to LPS in vitro. These experiments confirm results of a previous study of B cell function in T cell-depleted mice (Askonas et al. 1979). T. b. brucei infection of mice causes both enhanced Ig production and suppression of the ability of B cells to respond to mitogen even in the absence of T cells, but the presence of T cells may accelerate the changes which occur in B lymphocytes following this infection. PMID- 45126 TI - Immunodepression and the course of infection of a chronic Trypanosoma brucei infection in mice. AB - The relationships between course of infection, antigenic variation, and immunodepression of antibody responses to heterologous antigens have been investigated in mice chronically infected with Trypanosoma brucei. T. brucei Brunel University Trypanosomiasis (BUT) 64 produces a fluctuating parasitaemia lasting about 80 days and ending fatally. It is demonstrated that recurring peaks of parasitaemia are associated with the appearance of new variant antigenic types. At 21 and 31 days of infection, IgG responses to the heterologous antigen, sheep red blood cells (SRBC), are absent and IgM responses are less than 5% of normal. When a single dose of cyclophosphamide (300 mg/Kg) was injected into mice on day 31 of infection, the parasitaemia rose sharply in an uncontrolled fashion and the treated mice died in about 10 days. Cyclophosphamide, given in this way, is known to ablate antibody production completely but temporarily. It is therefore concluded that even though infected mice make extremely poor antibody responses to heterologous antigens, they are still capable of producing sufficient antibody to control peaks of parasitaemia associated with the emergence of new variant antigenic types. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to recurrent hypotheses of trypanosome-associated immunodepression. PMID- 45127 TI - Patients' awareness of extrapyramidal reactions to neuroleptic drugs: possible evidence for the role of catecholamines in perception. AB - The awareness of extrapyramidal reactions during initiation of neuroleptic treatment was studied in 14 patients. Only one patient spontaneously identified the presence of dystonia. The other 13, including 3 who had experienced extrapyramidal reactions during previous hospitalizations, did not fully identify the presence of symptoms, although several had vague discomfort. There was marked variability in acknowledgement of symptoms in response to prompting by staff members. The findings are similar to reports of agnosia for hemiparesis after parietal lobe injury and also to descriptions of agnosia in animals caused by destruction of dopaminergic neurons. Since extrapyramidal reactions represent blockade of dopaminergic neurotransmission, patients' inability to perceive the reactions may represent evidence for catecholaminergic modulation of sensory perception. PMID- 45128 TI - Serum levels of neuroleptics measured by dopamine radioreceptor assay and some clinical observations. AB - A new dopamine radioreceptor assay was used to measure serum concentrations of neuroleptics during treatment of 58 patients. Results of this assay are expressed as chlorpromazine equivalents. Serum concentrations varied with different drugs, with extremely high levels in patients receiving thioridazine or mesoridazine. No detectable serum levels were found in 11 patients, probably either due to low drug doses or noncompliance in taking medication. Best results with the assay were obtained in the 22 patients treated with haloperidol. Serum concentrations of haloperidol were correlated with dose and were related to the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) total pathology score, as well as to BPRS factor scores for thinking disturbance and paranoid disturbance. Serum concentrations of haloperidol were not different among patients with or without the presence of extrapyramidal symptoms or among patients receiving or not receiving concurrent antiparkinson medication. PMID- 45129 TI - Demonstration of two new endogenous "benzodiazepine-like" compounds from brain. AB - The recent report that purines are competitive inhibitors of specific [3H] diazepam binding to brain membranes has prompted further work concerning the characterization of possible endogenous ligands for the benzodiazepine receptor. In this report, two previously undescribed fractions capable of apparent competitive inhibition of [3H] diazepam binding are reported. Both factors are heat stable and resistant to proteolytic degradation. The larger factor (approximately 700 to 30,000 daltons) is present only in brain and pituitary. The smaller factor (500 to 600 daltons) is found in pituitary, liver, and muscle, but the highest levels are found in brain. PMID- 45130 TI - Serum prolactin levels following intramuscular chlorpromazine: two- and three hour response as predictors of six-hour response. AB - Neuroendocrine studies that examine the changes in serum prolactin levels following intramuscular (im) neuroleptics have usually monitored prolactin levels before and for 90 minutes to 3 hours after neuroleptic injection. Recent studies have suggested that this may be an inadequate period of time. In the present study, six male and four female psychiatric inpatients, who had not received neuroleptic medication for at least 1 week before the study began, received an injection of chlorpromazine (CPZ) 25 mg im; serum prolactin levels were monitored for 6 hours after injection. Peak serum prolactin levels occurred at 60 minutes in one subject, 90 minutes in three subjects, 120 minutes in two subjects, 180 minutes in three subjects, and 240 minutes in one subject. Area under the serum prolactin curve at 2 hours and area under the curve at 3 hours after CPZ injection were found to be good predictors (r = 0.86; r = 0.95, respectively) of 6-hour area under the curve. Two-hour studies should therefore not be considered inadequate; however, a 3-hour study length results in more precise characterization of prolactin response to im CPZ. PMID- 45131 TI - Neuroleptic, antimuscarinic, and antiadrenergic activity of chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and their metabolites. AB - Chlorpromazine and thioridazine are widely used antipsychotic agents that are extensively metabolized. Parent compounds and metabolites have diverse pharmacologic activities, and differences in patterns of metabolism may explain differences in therapeutic and side effects from individual to individual. Radioreceptor assays were used to determine the neuroleptic, antimuscarinic, and anti-alpha-noradrenergic potency of chlorpromazine, thioridazine, and their metabolites. The results indicate that these metabolites show a wide range of potencies. The spectrum of activity of a metabolite may be quite different from that of its parent compound. The clinical relevance of these findings to individual differences in drug response is discussed. The combined use of radioreceptor assays and chemical assays in future clinical research is proposed. PMID- 45132 TI - Reflex control of posture and movement. Proceedings of an IBRO Symposium held in Pisa, Italy, on September 11-14, 1978. PMID- 45133 TI - Semicircular canal and macular influences on neck motoneurons. PMID- 45134 TI - Development and chemical specificity of neurons. Proceedings of the Schatzalp Symposium, September 1978. PMID- 45135 TI - Chemically coded transmitter systems. PMID- 45136 TI - Localization of neurotransmitters, particularly glutamate, in hippocampus, septum, nucleus accumbens and superior colliculus. PMID- 45137 TI - The commissural fibers in rabbit hippocampus: synapses and their transmitter. PMID- 45138 TI - Immunohistochemical studies of central and peripheral peptidergic neurons. PMID- 45139 TI - Cell communication and specific adhesion in the microorganism Dictyostelium. PMID- 45140 TI - Transmitter-specific retrograde tracing of pathways? PMID- 45141 TI - Kainic acid toxicity and binding in the optic tectum. PMID- 45142 TI - Environmentally directed nerve cell differentiation: in vivo and in vitro studies. PMID- 45143 TI - Environmental determination of neurotransmitter functions in developing sympathetic neurons. PMID- 45144 TI - Mechanism of action and possible sites of synthesis of nerve growth factor. PMID- 45145 TI - [Lipoprotein X and gamma glutamyltransferase in cholestasis]. PMID- 45146 TI - [16th Chilean Congress of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery. Vina del Mar, December 5-8, 1979. Abstracts]. PMID- 45147 TI - From penicillin-binding proteins to the lysis and death of bacteria: a 1979 view. AB - The mechanism by which interference with the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall causes death and lysis of bacteria appears more complex than originally thought. In an earlier model of the mode of action of beta-lactams, it was assumed that, in the presence of the antibiotics, bacteria synthesize a mechanically weak (poorly cross-linked) cell wall that ruptured under the osmotic-mechanical pressure of the normally growing cytoplasmic mass. However, recent findings suggest a much more complex picture. Lysis and, in at least some bacteria, loss of viability as well, seem to be catalyzed by autolytic enzymes (murein hydrolases), the destructive activity of which is triggered in the beta-lactam treated bacterium via a poorly understood mechanism. Furthermore, different species of bacteria respond quite differently to treatment with the same beta lactam: some bacteria are both killed and lysed, others only lose viability, whereas still other species respond mainly by a reversible inhibition of growth (beta-lactam-tolerant bacteria). In addition, structurally different beta-lactams may cause quite different biochemical, morphological, and antibacterial effects, even within the same bacterial species. It is conceivable, therefore, that there is more than one mechanism for loss of viability and/or lysis. Most of the bacteria examined so far contain a number (four to eight) of different penicillin binding proteins. Genetic and physiological evidence obtained in E. coli indicate that these proteins play essential roles in a variety of physiological functions, such as maintenance of structural integrity, shape, and cell division. Pneumococci with a suppressed autolytic system are resistant to he lytic (and, partially at least, to the bactericidal) effect of beta-lactams. Interference with cell wall synthesis seems to trigger autolysin activity by upsetting the cellular control of autolytic enzyme. It is suggested that the irreversible antimicrobial effect of beta-lactams may have an indirect mechanism in other bacteria as well. PMID- 45148 TI - Proceedings of the 64th Oxford Ophthalmological Congress 8 to 11 July, 1979. PMID- 45149 TI - Responses of the thymus and the paracortex of draining lymph nodes to repeated applications of oxazolone to mouse skin. AB - The oxazolone-induced response in the paracortex of draining lymph nodes is characterized by an early increase in the proliferative activity that decreases to control levels when stimulation is continued. The possibility that this may be a toxic side effect of the concentrated oxazolone solution used was investigated by simultaneous registration of the changes taking place in the thymus. These were found to be different from toxin-induced changes and compatible with cell loss due to massive emigration of cells. Repopulation of the thymus took place over the last 1 1/2 week of stimulation. It was concluded that the changes in the thymus as well as the decline of the proliferative activity in the paracortex, are most likely physiological responses. The most important factor in maintaining a high production of paracortical lymphocytes under chronic stimulation is the increase in the lymphocyte mass in the paracortex. PMID- 45150 TI - Dose dependency of the responses in draining lymph nodes and skin to repeated applications of oxazolone. A quantitative and histological study in mice. AB - The skin reactivity and lymph node responses to a large scale of different doses of oxazolone, were followed under continuous stimulation for a period of 12 days. It was found that the lack of a continuous high blast cell activity in the paracortex was a physiological response that could be observed with high dosage as well as with very low dosage. Low doses gave distinct stimulation of the paracortex without any detectable reaction in the cortex and in the medulla. Manifest stimulation of these compartments required considerably higher doses. A marked paracortical response was the only lymph node change required for development of a typical delayed type skin response. When germinal centres and plasma cells had developed, the skin reactivity was also found to change characteristically. PMID- 45151 TI - Myosin and actin containing cells in the human postnatal thymus. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical findings in normal thymus and in myasthenia gravis. AB - Samples of normal human thymus of different ages (4-63 years old) were studied by immunofluorescence microscopy (using antibodies to smooth muscle myosin, to actin from the chicken gizzard, and antibodies to myosin from human striated muscle) as well as by routine electron microscopy. Thymus tissue from myasthenia gravis patients was also investigated for comparative reasons. Epithelial cells reacted with anti-smooth, but not with anti-striated muscle myosin, whereas myoid cells reacted with antibodies to striated, but not to smooth muscle myosin. Both epithelial and myoid cells displayed a strong immunoreactivity with antiactin. Corresponding to this immunoreactivity, both cell types contained bundles of thin, actin-like filaments. Myoid cells occurred in the rounded and elongated variety, and they were a normal constituent of all thymuses investigated in this study. Ultrastructurally, this non-innervated, striated muscle-like cell type possessed bundles of thin and thick filaments as well as Z lines in a rather disorganized arrangement, resembling striated muscle after denervation or various other pathologic conditions. There were no overt differences in the number and structure of myoid cells between healthy and myasthenic patients. PMID- 45152 TI - Lowered resistance to lytic agents in sucrose vacuolation. AB - Vacuolation in fibroblasts cultivated in the presence of sucrose is associated with progressive accumulation of the undigestible sugar. In radioisotope experiments the process lasted several days, and when the cells were subcultured back into a medium devoid of sucrose the label was also lost after several days. This type of vacuolated cells is more fragile when it is challenged with lytic agents. 51Cr-labelled LS fibroblasts released more radioactivity when they had been growing in the presence of sucrose, whether they were suspended in media of decreasing osmolarity, in dilutions of various surfactants, exposed to high temperatures, or subjected to mechanical stress. It is concluded that these cells exhibit a lower resistance when exposed to unfavourable environments, but retain their viability in growth media despite some morphological and biochemical alterations. PMID- 45154 TI - Estimating the proportion of proliferating cells in a population. AB - In a population of cells that proportion which is actively engaged in the proliferative cycle is often estimated from the ratio of the observed labelling index to an expected labelling index, calculated, on the basis of all cells being in cycle, from the cell cycle phase durations and the age distribution. Ignoring the variability in cell cycle times may lead to large overestimates or underestimates in the expected labelling index. A method is given of obtaining a more accurate estimate of this variable, and hence of the proliferative proportion. PMID- 45153 TI - Effects of chronic administration of thioacetamide (TAA) on the structure of bile canaliculi and tight junctions in the rat liver as revealed by freeze-fracturing. PMID- 45155 TI - Cell proliferation at different sites along the length of the rat colon. PMID- 45156 TI - Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Induction in Human Spleen Sinuses in Storage Diseases. AB - Human splenic sinuses were observed for the induction of alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in mucopolysaccharidoses of type I and II, in GM1 gangliosidosis, and in Niemann-Pick's disease, type A. A substantially lower degree of activity was found in Sanfillipo's disease, type A, and in hemosiderin pigmentation of the sinuses. In a number of hematological affections and in control spleens AP activity could not be proved by histochemical means. From the formal pathogenetic view, enzyme activity induction is probably related to lysosomal deposition of the material stored. PMID- 45157 TI - Comments on spleen sinus enzyme equipment. A histochemical study. AB - Histochemical observations were made of the activities of nucleosidephosphatases splitting ATP, ADP, IDP, and AMP and exopeptidases splitting l-alanine, l-leucine and l-glycyl-proline in the spleen sinuses of man, mouse, rat, hamster, and rabbit. Of the exopeptidases, only glycylprolyl-naphthylamidase could be proved histochemically, and that only in man and rat. Nucleosidephosphatases showed only traces of activity except in the rabbit where there was highly active AMP-ase, the others being moderately active. PMID- 45158 TI - [Treatment of chronic ischemic heart disease in a public assistance hospital]. PMID- 45160 TI - [12th congress of the Germany Democratic Republic Surgical Society. Abstracts]. PMID- 45159 TI - [Organ assessment in clinical long-term kidney preservation]. PMID- 45161 TI - Membrane sialoglycoprotein from human erythrocytes activates lysosomal proteinases. AB - The capacity of membrane glycoproteins to interact with proteinases was investigated in the model system: Membrane sialoglycoprotein from human erythrocytes (glycophorin) and lysosomal proteinases from rat liver. Glycophorin was found to stimulate the activity of a lysosomal proteinase mixture up to about 150% at pH 6.9. Cathepsin L was found to be the primarily stimulated proteinase. The stoichiometry in the saturation range of the dose-response curve waas about 10 to 20 molecules glycophorin per molecule cathepsin L. The mechanism of the activation is unknown. Interactions of this type may be of importance for the regulation of cell proliferation on the level of cell membranes. PMID- 45162 TI - The ribosomal serine proteinase: cathepsin R. AB - As has been known for several years, thoroughly purified ribosomes contain a firmly bound serine proteinase with an optimum of activity at neutral pH. The present paper shows that the activity is found in free cytoplasmic ribosomes as well as in ribosomes detached from the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver. After ribosome dissociation, the proteinase activity is found only on the 40 S subunits. Recovery of the proteinase in the proteins of whole ribosomes or of 40 S subunits amounts to 44 and 65%, respectively. Ribosomes purified both from plant (Euglena) and bacterial (Acinetobacter) cells contain a serine proteinase having an activity quite comparable to that of rat liver ribosomes. In view of the recommendations of BARRETT et al. ( in REICH, RIFKIN and SHAW (eds).: Proteinases and Biological Control, Cold Spring Harbour Lab., 1975, p. 481), who no longer restrict the name "cathepsin" to acid or even lysosomal proteinases, we propose the name " ccathepsin R" for this ribosomal serine proteinase. PMID- 45163 TI - [Studies of the antibody heterogeneity in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). I. Electrophoretic and isoelectric spectra of anti-DNP-antibodies]. AB - Carp IgM as well as carp anti-DNP-antibodies migrate electrophoretically very well as a diffuse band into polyacrylamide gel of large pore size. The isoelectric spectra of the carp anti-DNP-antibodies are heterogeneous and show bands in the pI-range of 4.0 to 6.4. The activity of focused anti-DNP-antibodies could be demonstrated in the pI range between 5.4 to 6.4 even in high antibody dilutions. The investigated structural heterogeneity of the anti-DNP-antibodies of carp is a further proof for the phylogenetically early onset of a large antibody heterogeneity of lower vertebrates. PMID- 45164 TI - Indications of pH-induced conformational changes in phosphofructokinase from baker's yeast. AB - The partition of phosphorfructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) from baker's yeast between the liquid phases of an aqueous biphasic systeem changes drastically in the pH interval 7-8, in contrast to other proteins. This abnormal behaviour is correlated to changes in sedimentation coefficient and binding capacity of the enzyme in this pH region. Since the molecular weight of phosphofructokinase does not change, these findings must reflect conformational changes in the enzyme molecule. PMID- 45165 TI - The pole-climbing performance of rats under neuroleptics. PMID- 45166 TI - Exposure in imagination and exposure in vivo in the treatment of phobic states. PMID- 45167 TI - Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs versus diazepam in the treatment of anxious depressive syndrome. PMID- 45168 TI - Psychopharmacology in the secondary and tertiary prevention of mental illness. AB - Some of the changes brought about by the introduction of therapeutically effective psychotropic drugs were reviewed in the context of secondary and tertiary prevention of mental illness. The role of maintenance therapy in lowering the prevalence of manifest psychiatric disorders and defective functioning due to mental illness, was discussed. PMID- 45169 TI - Symposium of the Scientific Committee on Applied Psychophysiology and Neurotoxicology [abstracts]. PMID- 45170 TI - An enzyme membrane oscillator. PMID- 45171 TI - Acetylcholinesterase: structure and activity of a membrane-bound enzyme. PMID- 45172 TI - Proceedings of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Fukuoka, July, 14-15, 1978. PMID- 45173 TI - [Studies of the presence of enzymes in various tissues of swine. 5. Studies of the activity and properties of adenosine triphosphatases in the pancreas]. AB - Studies were conducted into the activities of magnesium-ATPase, sodium-potassium ATPase, and HCO3-ATPase in homogenates of pancreas of 19 foetuses, with body weights between 340 g and 1,642 g, two piglets, with body weights of 9 kg and 10 kg, and four adult pigs. While general enzyme activity was low during foetal development, highest activies usually were recordable from HCO3-ATPase. High activities were recorded from both the piglets and adult pigs. The highest data, again, were recordable from HCO3-ATPase which is essential to the secretion of HCO3 ions. Maximum activity of magnesium-ATPase was based on an ATP-magnesium ratio of 1:1. HCO3-ATPase was best activated by 25 mM NaHCO3 and exhibited high stability to temperature. The activities of magnesium-ATPase and of HCO3-ATPase were inhibited by 10 mM of Rhodanid. Calcium-ATPase reached its maximum activity in response to 5 mM calcium concentration. PMID- 45174 TI - Nasal secretion from normal subjects. AB - A new method of collection of nasal secretion, by dilution with condensed mositure of the exhaled air, is described. This method may be defined as a sefl administered nasal lavage. The method permits quantitative determination of pH, relative viscosity, and electrolyte and protein composition. Concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, total protein, IgA, IgG, IgM, secretory compoenent and polysaccharide are reported for normal subjects. Significant correlations were noted between the relative viscosity and variables: dry weight, total protein and calcium. PMID- 45175 TI - [Beta-blocking therapy in the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 45176 TI - Metachromatic leukodystrophy and age: a comparative study of clinical, enzymological and ultrastructural findings. AB - The clinical findings of three cases of metachromatic leukodystrophy, one of the late infantile, one of the juvenile and one of the adult variant are described and compared with those mentioned in relevant publications. Comparison of our findings lead us to conclude that a difference exists between the late infantile case on the one hand and the juvenile and the adult case on the other hand. This conclusion concurs with the results obtained by the enzymological study of the enzyme arylsulfatase A derived from the three cases. As to the characteristics of the enzyme arylsulfatase A, a difference was found to exist between the enzyme of the late infantile case on the one hand and that of the juvenile and the adult case on the other hand. The results of the electronmicroscopic investigation of peripheral nerve biopsy specimens of the three cases are briefly summarized. It is postulated that the ultrastructural findings do not justify any such distinction. PMID- 45177 TI - [Observation on the therapeutic effect of endoxen (cyclophosphamide) in the treatment of epidemic hemorrhagic fever and an investigation of its pathogenesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 45178 TI - Localized muscular fatigue: role of muscle metabolism and substrate depletion. PMID- 45179 TI - The broken solder joint: causes and treatment. PMID- 45180 TI - A casting-failure repair method for long-span ceramic bridges. PMID- 45181 TI - Protection of rat liver microsomes from NADPH-, ascorbate-, and X-irradiation induced lipid peroxidation by levamisole. PMID- 45182 TI - A family of calcium ionophore-induced slow reacting substances produced by rat mononuclear cells: enhancement of production with different mercaptans results in formation of different products. PMID- 45183 TI - Interactions of pharmacological agents which alter biogenic amine metabolism and depression--an analysis of contributing factors within a primate model of depression. AB - The observation that the biogenic amine depleting agent, reserpine, could induce severe depression in a small proportion of the patients treated with it has proved to be seminal finding in what is now a much larger field of research relating the function brain biogenic amine systems to emotions and behavior. A review of the human reserpine literature suggests, however, that factors other than pharmacologically produced alterations in brain biogenic amine metabolism must have been critical determinants of the eventual mood alterations observed in conjunction with reserpine treatment. While some of these factors, such as previous history of depression, ongoing psychosocial and environmental stress, can be intuitively identified, there are practical as well as ethical problems involved in actually testing the relative contribution of these factors in precipitating human depression and thereby determining their importance in a quantitative fashion. In the present paper we have attempted to examine, in a nonhuman primate model of depression, the degree to which factors such as prior rearing condition, repeated peer separation, and housing environment can intact with the behavioral effects produced by biogenic amine depleting agents. Major emphasis will be placed on studies utilizing alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine, an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, to ostensively reduce levels of the catecholamine neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine. The results of these studies provide quantitative estimates, in terms of dose-effect relationships, of the degree to which a number of factors can combine to produce despair-like behavior in rhesus monkeys. These data may be of practical importance in evaluating the contribution of similar factors to the precipitation of human depression. Analysis of some of the existing literature relating alterations in behavior to changes in biogenic amine metabolism in animals suggests that there are important differences between rodent and primate species. These differences, when fully established, may indicate that additional research examining the mechanisms whereby modest alterations in biogenic amine metabolism can interact with environmental and social stress is needed. PMID- 45184 TI - Rapid pH and deltamuH+ jump by short laser pulse. AB - The excited state (S1) of sulfononaphthols has a pK value well below that of the ground state, consequently intensive illumination of their aqueous solution should lead to acidification. In this study the second harmonies of a ruby laser pulse (10 MW, 30 ns at 347.2 nm) were used for excitation of a sulfononaphthol solution, resulting in a lowering of the pH from 8 to 4. The change in pH was demonstrated by spectral changes of the pH indicators Bromocresol Green, Bromothymol Blue, Bromocresol Purple and Phenol Red. The magnitude of the pH change was calculated from the kinetics of the changes in the indicators' absorbance and from fluorescence intensity of naphtholate. Sulfononaphthols, due to their hydrophylic nature, cannot permeate across phospholipid membranes. Taking advantage of this property, liposomes containing sulfononaphthol were prepared and irradiated by the laser pulse. Evidence is given that under such conditions the change in pH was limited to the space enclosed in the liposomes. The resulting proton-motive force (deltamuH+ = 180 -- 240 mV) is adequate for perturbing the energy-coupled reactions of oxidative phosphorylation. Possible applications of this technique in chemical physics, chemistry, biochemistry and bioenergetics are discussed. PMID- 45185 TI - Decreases in red blood cell corpuscular volume during hemodialysis. PMID- 45186 TI - Knowing your flame. PMID- 45187 TI - [Effect of a histamine aerosol in 20 subjects with histamine hyperreactivity. Application to a study of the protective properties of pipoxizine]. AB - The authors made a study of the antihistaminic properties of Pipoxizine in 20 subjects with proven histaminic hyperreactivity. The design of the trial consisted in comparing the changes of VC, FEC1, expiratory airway resistance and V50 produced by a histamine aerosol given before and after administration of Pipoxizine. Pipoxizine was given by mouth to 10 patients and intravenously to the other 10 of the group. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated an antagonist effect of Pipoxizine on the histamine induced bronchoconstriction. The data of this trial are confirmative of the results of other experimenters. It seems therefore reasonable to take into consideration the use of Pipoxizine in the preventive treatment of the paroxystic attacks of the asthmatic disease. PMID- 45188 TI - Acute experimental poisoning by diethylene glycol: acid base balance and histological data in male rats. AB - Acute intoxication by diethylene glycol (LD 50) in male rats is associated with a severe metabolic acidosis which is significantly decreased by intraperitoneal (IP) hydration or IP alkalinization and eliminated by IP ethanol. Tubular necrosis and deposit of calcium oxalate crkystals constitute the histological renal lesions in 50% of rats given diethylene glycol with or without IP hydration. Groups with massive IP alkalinization and/or IP ethanol do not present any renal lesion. It could be inferred that diethylene glycol has the same metabolic pathway as ethylene glycol and the treatment of acute intoxication by diethylene glycol should be the same as that of acute poisoning by ethylene glycol. PMID- 45189 TI - New frontiers in pharmacology. PMID- 45190 TI - [4th congress of the Association of French-Language Leprologists, Martinique and Guadeloupe: 12-16 November 1979]. PMID- 45191 TI - Kinetic cooperativity of glucokinase with glucose. PMID- 45192 TI - [The quality of preserved blood]. AB - The examinations of 30 blood samples each preserved with three Yugoslav different ACD-solutions were performed. The blood samples were stored at 2-6 degrees C and examinations were performed at the day of blood donation and after on the 7th, 14th and 21st day during the storage. Differences in hematocrit (well known dilution effect of the ACD-solutions used) and intensive morphological and chemical changes were found in all blood samples regardless the type of ACD solution used. It was shown that the permanently increasing number morphologically altered erythrocytes (echinocytes and spherocytes) and the excessive release of hemoglobin and potassium from erythrocytes were occurred during the storage of blood samles. Too, there were noticed significant decrease of pH values enormous accumulation of ammoniac and other metabolic producta. PMID- 45193 TI - [Use of photography in the evaluation of antiallergic activity]. PMID- 45194 TI - Characterization of the multiple forms of monoamine oxidase from chronic schizophrenic sera. AB - Either half or one hour incubation time was enough to get a constant production of benzylaldehyde and were proportional to the amount of enzyme added. The optimal temperature of MAO, I, II, III, IV are 60 degrees, 37 degrees, 60 degrees, 45 degrees, and 37 degrees C respectively, and they follow Arrhenius equation until these optimal temperatures. Each form have optimal pH depends on substrate concentration used and the buffer used. These forms were shown to be inhibited by high substrate concentration with formation of inactive enzyme-amine complex, whereas butyl- and octylamine was found to be competitive inhibitors. Isoniazid inhibit MAO II, III, IV and V forms in a non competitive fashion, whereas MAO I inhibited competitively with respect to the substrate. Semicarbazid inhibit MAO I. III, IV and V forms in a non competitive fashion, whereas MAO II inhibited competitively with respect to the substrate. PMID- 45195 TI - Cross-over study of the efficacy of four beta 2-sympathomimetic bronchodilator aerosols. AB - 1 Bronchodilator efficacy of four beta 2-sympathomimetic aerosols, fenoterol, orciprenaline, salbutamol and terbutaline has been compared in nine patients with chronic stable reversible airways obstruction using a double-blind placebo controlled cross-over design. Two puffs of each agent were given on two separate occasions to each of the patients and the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the vital capacity (VC) were measured before and 30, 90, 150 and 210 min after administration. 2 Multivariate analysis of the data at 30 min showed FEV1 and VC in these patients to be so highly correlated that they could be considered as a single variable. 3 When absolute change in VC at 30 min was used as the response criterion, efficacy of the four drugs was significantly better than placebo (P < 0.01). It was not possible to rank all four drugs in order of effectiveness; fenoterol and salbutamol were significantly better than terbutaline and orciprenaline (P < 0.01) but this was complicated by a significant interaction effect between drugs and patients (P < 0.01). 4 Similar results were obtained when absolute and relative changes in FEV1 and VC and area under the curve were used as response variables. 5 The study demonstrates that important individual differences in patient response may be concealed if only average drug effects are considered. PMID- 45196 TI - Attempts to reinstate lordosis reflex in estrogen-primed spinal female rats with monoamine agonists. PMID- 45197 TI - Gastrointestinal and related hormones. Symposium organised by the Association of Clinical Pathologists held in London on 6 and 7 November 1978. PMID- 45199 TI - Purification from human brain and some properties of two NADPH-linked aldehyde reductases which reduce succinic semialdehyde to 4-hydroxybutyrate. PMID- 45198 TI - Clinical features and diagnosis of alimentary endocrine tumours. PMID- 45200 TI - Neurochemical aspects of neuronal ontogenesis in the developing rat cerebellum: changes in neurotransmitter and polyamine synthesizing enzymes. PMID- 45201 TI - Effects of excitatory neurotransmitter amino acids on swelling of rat brain cortical slices. PMID- 45202 TI - Renal vasculitis in microscopic polyarteritis nodosa. PMID- 45203 TI - Behavioural treatment for psychiatric disorders in general practice: preliminary communication. PMID- 45204 TI - Animal techniques for evaluating benzodiazepine drugs. PMID- 45205 TI - Guidelines for the clinical evaluation of antianxiety drugs. HEW (FDA) 77-3043, September 1977. PMID- 45206 TI - Critique of the Guidelines for Clinical Evaluation of Antianxiety Drugs (HEW-FDA 77-3043). PMID- 45207 TI - Peptides in profusion. PMID- 45208 TI - Use of cyclosporin A in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in the rat. PMID- 45209 TI - Mapping monoaminergic neurons with [3H]reserpine by autoradiography. PMID- 45210 TI - Oxitropium bromide (Ba 253), an advance in the field of anticholinergic bronchodilating treatments. Preliminary results. AB - The changes in FEV1 and in specific conductance induced by 200 micrograms oxitropium bromide given as pressurized aerosol were measured at 8 time intervals during 7 hours after inhalation in a group of 19 patients with reversible broncho obstruction. The working of the drug was compared to the functional values observed at the same time intervals after placebo, 40 micrograms ipratropium bromide and 400 micrograms fenoterol. Both oxitropium and ipratropium were definitely and significantly superior to placebo at all time intervals. Oxitropium was superior to ipratropium at the 7th hour. At this time interval the difference was significant At the 7th hour oxitropium gave higher mean results than fenoterol, but this difference was not significant. The drug was also compared to its competitors regarding its subjective and cardiovascular tolerance. No unfavourable side-effects were observed. PMID- 45211 TI - [Effect of almitrine on arterial gases in patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency. Comparison with doxapram. Preliminary results]. AB - We compared the effects of almitrine and doxapram on the arterial blood gases and ventilation of patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency and chronic hypercapnia and hypoxemia. Sixteen long-term in-patients were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment groups: the first group (8 patients) received IV almitrine 0.5 mg/kg and the second group (8 patients) IV doxapram 1 mg/kg by IV perfusion during 30 min. All gave their informed consent. Arterial blood gases and ventilation were measured 10 min and 5 min before treatment, at the 5th, 15th and 25th min of perfusion time, and 5, 10 and 15 min after infusion. There was a marked increase in paO2 in almitrine-treated patients, which was maximum at the 25th min of infusion (+ 14.6 mm Hg, p < 0.001), but only a slight improvement was observed in the doxapram group (+ 3.3 mm Hg, p < 0.05). After almitrine the maximum mean paCO2 decrease was at the 10th min after perfusion (-6.9 mm Hg, p < 0.001); after doxapram the maximum decrease, although highly significant, was much less (-2.8 mm Hg, p < 0.01). Thus, at the presently used and well-tolerated doses, almitrine is much more efficient than doxapram in improving gas exchange in patients with chronic hypoxemia and hypercapnia. However, complementary studies using higher dosage of doxapram are warranted. PMID- 45212 TI - Diagnostic analysis of rumen fluid. PMID- 45213 TI - Polyarteritis in a cat. PMID- 45214 TI - [Mechanism of endotoxin effects on body temperature in dogs]. PMID- 45215 TI - [Symposium. Advances in Neurochemistry, sponsored by the Venezuelan Biochemical Association during the annual meeting of the Venezuelan Association for the Adcvancement of Science in the University of Carabobo, Valencia, Carabobo State, November 9-11, 1977]. PMID- 45216 TI - On the role of the recipient cell during conjugation in Escherichia coli. AB - To study the role of the E. coli recipient cell in conjugation recipient cell mutants deficient in conjugation (Con-) were isolated. Mutants specific for F type E. coli donor cells (ConF-) and mutants specific deficient in conjugation with I-type donor cells (ConI-) were isolated. Both ConF- and ConI- mutants were blocked in stable mating pair formation. Biochemical analysis of the mutants suggests that the outer membrane protein coded by the ompA gene and LPS are important for recipient activity in F-type conjugation while LPS is important for recipient activity in I-type conjugation. PMID- 45217 TI - Characterisation and metabolic studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis by flow microcalorimetry. AB - The use of microcalorimetry in the routine identification of microorganisms is critically discussed and assessed. By use of flow microcalorimetric studies on Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces fragilis the role of physical parameters and that of oxygen tension are discussed. The conclusion reached is that identification of microorganisms by microcalorimetry and subsequent discussion of metabolic events revealed by the thermogram, except under restrictive conditions, is inappropriate. However flow microcalorimetry, in contrast to batch microcalorimetry which has been used in the published material on microorganism identification, may allow characterization of yeasts suitable for particular industrial processes. PMID- 45218 TI - International symposium: Regulation of the biosynthesis of macromolecules. Santiago, Chile, July 28-30, 1977. PMID- 45219 TI - Regulation of biosynthesis of aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases and of transfer RNA in Escherichia coli. AB - We have isolated temperature resistant revertants from temperature sensitive E. coli strains containing either a thermolabile glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase or leucyl-tRNA synthetase. Among the revertants which still contained the thermolabile leucyl-tRNA synthetase we found two classes of regulatory mutants (leuX and leu Y) which have elevated levels of this enzyme. The leuX mutation specifies an operator-promoter region adjacent to the structural gene (leuS) for the enzyme. The leuY gene maps away from the leuS gene and codes for a protein. Using these mutants we demonstrated that the levels of leucyl-tRNA are related to the derepression of the leucine and isoleucine-valine operons. Among the revertants which still contained the thermolabile glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase were characterized three classes of mutants, glnT, glnU, and glnR. The glnT and glnU mutants contain elevated levels of tRNAgln, while the glnR mutant possesses elevated levels of glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase. The level of glutamine synthetase, the enzyme responsible for the formation of glutamine, is also derepressed in the glnT and glnR mutants. PMID- 45220 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity after blocking of the H2 lymphocyte receptors]. AB - The effects of cimetidine have been evaluated in 10 normal subjects on cutaneous delayed reactions in vivo, and on E rosette forming cells in vitro, in order to define the significance of the lymphocytes H2 receptors in cell-mediated immunity. The results show the immuno-suppressive activity of histamine, but do not allow us to hypothesize an immuno-regulatory action of cimetidine. PMID- 45221 TI - Effect of pH and buffers on insulin binding to normal and neoplastic mammary cells, fat cells and membrane preparations. AB - As a function of buffer pH, [125I]-insulin binding to rat mammary cells, rat adipocytes, or membranes prepared therefrom, at 4 degrees or 20 degrees C, showed 2 peaks in different buffers. Specific insulin binding at the pH 7.7. peak (100 +/- 11%) was lower than at pH 8.8 (140 +/- 17%) with no change in nonspecific binding. Although insulin stimulation of glucose uptake into fat cells was highest at pH 7.5, this response was also seen at pH 8.6. Scatchard affinity profiles, or in the kinetics of dissociation. Insulin degradation (< 10%) and binding to insulin antibody were similar over the pH range of 7 to 9. PMID- 45222 TI - [Clinical analysis of systolic click syndrome in 61 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 45223 TI - Bicarbonate ATP-ase in ciliary body and a theory of Diamox effect on aqueous humor formation. AB - Bicarbonate was found to stimulate ATP breakdown by rabbit or cat ciliary body iris homogenates. Maximum HCO3- stimulation of ATPase with Tris-Hepes buffer occured at pH 8.0. Acid pH and chloride ions in the media reduced the activity of the HCO3--stimulated ATPase. The Km for ATP was 0.55 mmolar and for HCO3-, 20 mmlar. HCO3- ATPase was not inhibited by acetazolamide added to in vitro. It is postulated that ATPase represents the linkage step of energy donor mechanism and active CT secretion in acid aqueous humors (human, cat.) or HCO3- secretion in alkaline aqueous humor (rabbit, guinea pig). Inhibition of Cl- or HCO3- secretion by acetazolamide results from decreased intracellular HCO3- levels which, in turn, reduces the stimulation of the HCO3- ATPase. PMID- 45224 TI - Use of psychotropic drugs for the treatment of chronic severe pains. PMID- 45225 TI - [Effects of a neurotoxin isolated from the sea anemone, Anemonia sulcata, at frog neuromuscular junction (author's transl)]. AB - ATX II is a toxin extracted from tentacles of Anemonia sulcata. It was known that this protein displays neurotoxic effects on frog isolated neuromuscular preparation (Fig. 1, 2) and that muscular contractures observed with ATX II are blocked by d-tubocurarine (Fig. 3) or on a 40-days-denervated gastrocnemius (Fig. 4). Part of these experiments has already appeared. 1. These effects of ATX II depend on calcium concentration in the bathing medium, as is the case for transmitter release. The same results were observed when we substituted strontium to calcium. 2. On an intact sciatic sartorius preparation, ATX II does not act on the amplitude of the miniature endplate potentials (mepps, Fig. 6). The muscular action potential is not modified by this toxin. 3. ATX II increases the frequency of the mepps (Fig. 5). The evoked transmitter release (quantal content) after ATX II is also largely increased (Fig. 7). 4. In conclusion, it is suggested that ATX II acts indirectly on the muscle through an increase in acetylcholine release from the motor nerve terminals. PMID- 45226 TI - [Evidence for a central action of CO2 ventilatory stimulus in Pekin ducks (author's transl)]. AB - Ventilatory responses to changes in PCO2 of the blood perfusing the central nervous system were studied breath by breath by pneumotachography in Pekin ducks under transient and steady condition. 1. Transients. In conscious birds, all the arteries to the cephalic region were tied or clamped, except the right internal carotid. The blood supply via the single remaining arterial pathway was transiently replaced, for about 15 sec, by injecting 2 ml of blood previously made either normocapnic (control PCO2 = 32 Torr) or hypercapnic (test; PCO2 = 76 Torr) from a syringe thermostated at 41 degrees C, under normal oxygenation (PO2 around 110 Torr) and mean endovascular pressure (107 mm Hg). During control injections, no significant ventilatory changes were observed. In contrast, test injections provoked an early and significant 20% increase in the minute volume of ventilation. 2. Steady conditions. Using cross-perfusion between pairs of anesthetized ducks, the head of a recipient animal (R) was vascularly isolated from the trunk and perfused by a donor (D), the nervous connections with the trunk remaining intact. When giving some CO2 to breathe to D (FICO2 = 0.05) while R breathed ambient air, arterial PCO2 increased in D and in the head of R, and hyperventilation occurred in both ducks. As a consequence of this hyperventilation, PCO2 decreased in the arterial blood and the end-tidal gas of R. PMID- 45227 TI - [Colloquium on development of a family of neuroleptics: the benzamides, Saturday, 17 November 1979]. PMID- 45228 TI - [Substituted benzamides and involuntary movement]. PMID- 45229 TI - [Introductory report for the discussion on Barnetil]. PMID- 45230 TI - [Is Tiapridal an anxiolytic?]. PMID- 45231 TI - [Tiapride in the framework of anisamido therapy]. PMID- 45232 TI - [Effect of tiapride in behavior disorders of the aged patient]. PMID- 45233 TI - Calcium-dependent release of putative neurotransmitters in the chick visual system. PMID- 45234 TI - Applied and theoretical significance of electrohoretic studies in mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). AB - The more relevant results obtained in the past decade with the use of electrophoretic techniques in studying mosquitoes are reviewed and discussed. These results mainly concern the evaluation of genetic variability of natural and laboratory populations; the study of the role of natural selection and genetic drift in the maintenance and evolution of enzyme polymorphisms; the estimate of genetic differentiation between populations, subspecies and species; the identification of sibling species and of their possible hybrids; the field study of precopulatory isolating mechanisms by the release of electrophoretically recognizable population samples; the elaboration of genetic maps; the study of the phenomenon of multiple insemination; and the evaluation of sexual competitiveness, particularly in connection with the planning of genetic control measures. The importance of this approach in the study of mosquito biology from the applied and theoretical points of view is stressed. PMID- 45235 TI - [French Society of Hematology. Meeting on platelets-vessel wall interactions, Strasbourg 25-29 June 1979]. PMID- 45236 TI - The PNA--a potent force in public health. PMID- 45237 TI - The heart and endotoxin shock. PMID- 45238 TI - Alkaline isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel of cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 45239 TI - Research on the mosquitoes of Portugal (Diptera, Culicidae) I--Four new culicine records. PMID- 45240 TI - Research on the mosquitoes of Portugal (Diptera, Culicidae) II--The mosquitoes of Algarve. PMID- 45241 TI - [The role of anaerobe adhesion in the colonization of the vaginal mucosa]. AB - Some our previous research works on bacterial adhesion to vaginal cells in the different phases of the menstruum showed that adhesion changes depending on changing environmental conditions. We therefore considered interesting to extend our investigations to anaerobic flora, in the light of recent observations intended to attribute an important role to anaerobic flora in the pathogenesis of vaginitis. The results obtained so far indicate that the maximum adhesion capability is found in the middle of the menstruum. The very low adhesion of bacteria belonging to the Leptothrix genus remains substantially unaltered throughout the menstruum. Low adhesion is also found in sporogenic bacteria, whereas the coccoid ones have a stronger adhesion, particularly about the middle of the menstruum. With lower pH values adhesion of the anaerobic flora is enhanced, whereas in the final phase of the menstruum, with higher pH values, adhesion is reduced. Competition tests evidence a stronger adhesion of coccoid as compared to bacillar types. PMID- 45242 TI - [Effect of cadmium on the activity of alkaline phosphatase (3.1.3.1) of Venus gallina]. AB - The marine mollusc Venus gallina was exposed to 32 days sublethal concentrations of Cadmium (0.1 microliter/ml). The activity of alkaline phosphatase was assayed every four days. In the controls the activity was also tested in different tissues and in the soft tissue for the pH dependence. Moreover the influence of direct addition of 10(-4) M Cd on enzyme preparation in vitro was assayed. From the results there are no consistent relationships between the direct in vitro effects of the metal on the enzyme, that is inhibitory, and the effect of exposing the whole animal to the same metal, in this case no inhibition was observed. PMID- 45243 TI - [Dehalogenation of pp'DDT to pp'DDD in the liver microsomal fraction of Mugil cephalus]. AB - pp'DDT was converted to DDD 1-1 dichloro-2,2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane, by treated 12 000 x g supernatant preparations from grey mullet livers. The anaerobic reductive dechlorination occurs whether or not exogenous NADPH and riboflavin is added after a heat pretreatment, otherwise the dechlorination is lowered when the cofactors are not added. PMID- 45244 TI - [Characteristics of a rat liver cellular extract protein which mediates transport of various phospholipids from liposomes to mitochondria]. AB - The effect of pH, Ca++ and Na+ concentration on the phosphatidylethanolamine transport from liposomes to mitochondria by an aspecific soluble rat liver protein has been studied. Results obtained indicate that at pH higher than 6.5 and Ca++ ion concentrations from 5 mM on the transport is strongly inhibited. Preliminary data with ESR spectrometry concerning the nature of lipoprotein association between phosphatidylethanolamine and carrier protein during the transport are also presented. PMID- 45245 TI - [Biohydrogenation of erucic acid (22:1 n-9 cis) in an "artificial rumen". II) Effect of pH, potential hydrogen donors and type of anaerobiosis]. AB - The possibility of dietary C18 unsaturated fatty acids double bonds biohydrogenation, which normally occurs in ruminants, has been investigated in the case of erucic acid (22:1 n-9 cis). The results have shown that, while oleic acid is always converted into hydrogenation intermediates and stearic acid, to various extent, erucic acid does not undergo hydrogenation process, unrelated to the incubation conditions applied. Data are discussed on the basis of the different structure of erucic and oleic acids. PMID- 45246 TI - [Research in experimental electrocardiography. II: effect of a beta-blockader (pindolol) on the electrocardiogram of the rat]. AB - From the Authors' observations during this research, there emerges the fact that pindololo does not seem deprived of that cardiodepressive action, which is typical of all beta-blocking drugs. PMID- 45247 TI - [Chromatographic determination of arylsulfatases A and B in human gastric mucosa]. AB - In continuation of a previous work, we have confirmed the occurrence of arylsulfatase A in 4 samples of human gastric mucosa analysed by the chromatographic procedure described by Stevens et all. By using the chromatographic method we have also evidentiated the occurrence of arylsulfatase B, which was not detected by using the method of Baum et all. The B form was lower than the A form in 3 samples while it was higher in another sample. In the latter sample of gastric mucosa it was also detected the unusual form Bm of arylsulfatase. It was concluded that both forms A and B of arylsulfatase are present in human gastric mucosa, in variable amounts and that the simple procedure developed by Baum et all., although suitable for the analysis of these enzymes in the urine, is not useful for the determination of arylsulfate B in the gastric mucosa. PMID- 45248 TI - [Combined minoxidil, beta-blocking agents and diuretics in the treatment of accelerated hypertension]. PMID- 45249 TI - [Combination of beta-blocking agents, diuretics and pressidil (minoxidil) in severe arterial hypertension resisting other therapy]. PMID- 45250 TI - [Criteria of treatment and prognosis in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, obtained from electrocardiographic and catamnestic studies]. PMID- 45251 TI - [The combination of digitalis and beta-blocking agents in the long-term therapy of atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 45252 TI - [Complementary therapies in congestive circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 45253 TI - [Effects of a new beta-blocking drug, DL 071-IT, on the myocardial contractile state in the waking dog; a comparison with 9 known beta blockaders]. PMID- 45254 TI - Alpha-adrenergic blockade in severe asthma. AB - Thirty-nine chronic asthmatics requiring steroids showed no response to the alpha blocking drug indoramin during a double-blind trial. PMID- 45256 TI - [Alkaline phosphatase activity of the bursa of Fabricius: histochemical study in the normal embryo and during allograft reactions]. AB - Alkaline phosphatase activity allows a certain discrimination between lympho inhibition following a direct action on the lymphoid stem cells or a modification of mesenchyme/epithelium interactions; in this study we have compared the evolution of this activity in untreated chick embryos and in chick embryos following graft-versus-host-reactions. The important decrease of mesenchyme alkaline phosphatase activity induced here, involves a localisation of allograft reaction in this tissue; this result does not agree with the former explanations about a direct action on the lymphoid stem cells. PMID- 45255 TI - [Mechanisms of ovulation in mammalian females]. AB - The aim of this review was to briefly recapitulate the most important mechanisms involved in ovulation in the Mammals. The rabbit served as a model for the study of reflex ovulation. The triggering of ovulation by coitus was shown to be dependent on the activation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis by sensory signals of multiple origin. The fundamental aspects of the hormonal and nervous machinery that governs spontaneous ovulation have been envisaged. The timing of LH ovulatory release and the mechanisms of action of this hormone at the ovarian level have been defined. Evidence was given that steroid hormones from ovarian and/or adrenal origin could evoke or modulate ovulatory processes. The structures responsible for both the tonic and clonic secretion of LH in subprimate and in primate mammals have been localized in the hypothalamus. The nervous endocrine mechanisms involving interactions between LHRH, neurotransmitters, prostaglandins and steroid hormones have been elucidated. Short loop feed back effects of pituitary hormones were shown to control LHRH secretion. Several examples were given attesting that the limbic system, the thalamus and the neocortex on one hand, and the environmental factors, on the other hand, were capable of modulating the activity of the hypothalamic structures implicated in the control of either ovulation or estrous rhythm regulation. An unitarian conception of the ovulatory mechanisms, based on the fact that coital-induced ovulation and estrogen-induced ovulation could occur in spontaneous and reflex ovulators respectively, has been proposed. PMID- 45257 TI - [Transplacental passage of cells from mother to fetus: experimental approach and initial results in the rat]. AB - The consequences of transfusion across the placenta of maternal cells to fetuses, supposed to elicit a Graft-Versus-Host-Reaction, are poorly investigated; the injection of pregnant rat whole blood cells to its own fetuses is proposed here as a convenient experimental model to improve the understanding of these consequences; indeed this technic is reliable as well as easy enough to carry out experiments on large samples. Preliminary results indicate that the injection is often followed by a runting disease, a thymic atrophy and a liver hypertrophy; splenomegaly does not occur. On the histologic level, the main features are as follows 1) modification of central lymphoid organs, 2) blastic and/or granulocytic infiltrates of several other organs, namely the liver, the adrenal cortex and the thyroid gland. PMID- 45258 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the lameness resulting from a traumatic lesion of the lower extremity]. PMID- 45259 TI - [Long-term therapy of coronary disease. Possibilities and limitations of conservative therapy]. PMID- 45260 TI - [Behavior of cardiac output, plasma volume, plasma renin activity and aldosterone secretion in patients with essential hypertension treated with beta-blocking agents and diuretics]. PMID- 45261 TI - [Use of a chronomulticorticoid in the therapy of ulcerous rectocolitis]. PMID- 45262 TI - The use of antihistamines in bronchial asthma. PMID- 45263 TI - Protein degradation in cells in culture. PMID- 45264 TI - [In vitro study of the partition of drugs in triphasic systems. II. Partition of various barbiturates and their sodium salts in the system: solution buffered at pH 7.4/n-octanol/solution buffered at pH 7.4]. PMID- 45265 TI - [Derivatives of 2,3,4,5,-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido-(3,2-b)azepine and 2,3,4,5 tetrahydro-1H-pyrido(2,3-b)azepine and their corresponding lactams. II. Synthesis and pharmacologic study of their psychotropic activity]. AB - Preparation of the N-(2-diethylaminoethyl) derivatives of lactam (II) and of the N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) derivative of lactam (XI) is described. Synthesis of the N-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazinylacetyl]- and 1-carbothiamide derivatives of azepine (I) and of the n-(chloroformyl)- and N-(carbamoyl) derivatives of azepine (XII) are also described. Some pharmacological results indicate a partial tranquilizing activity. PMID- 45266 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological activity of derivatives of exo trimethylenenorbornane. I. AB - Lithium aluminum hydride reduction of exo-5,6-trimethylenenorbornan-2-one oxime gave in good yield exo-5,6-trimethylenenorbornan-2-endo-amine, from which a number of amides were prepared by reaction with acyl chlorides. Lithium aluminum hydride reduction of the above-mentioned amides afforded N-substituted exo-5,6 trimethylenenorbornan-2-endo-amines in good yields. Some amides showed CNS depressant and anti convulsant activity, and an amine convulsant activity in mice. PMID- 45267 TI - Aminomethyl derivatives of 1-cyclohexyl-5-alkyl- and 1-cyclohexyl-5,5 dialkylbarbituric acids as potential antiinflammatory agents. AB - The synthesis and the structure of some aminomethyl derivatives of 1 cyclohexylbarbituric acids, obtained by the Mannich reaction, are described. Acids, containing a pyrrolidinomethyl group in the position 5 were found to have the barbituric ring in the enolic form, stabilized by a hydrogen bond with the pyrrolidine nitrogen atom. Some of the described compounds displayed antiinflammatory activity. PMID- 45269 TI - Second International Congress on Obesity, Washington DC, October 23-26 1977: classified abstacts of workshop papers. PMID- 45268 TI - The substitutive role of ACTH in supporting aldosterone response to head-up tilt during acute renin suppression in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The relative contribution of the renin-angiotensin system, adenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and plasma electrolytes in the response of plasma aldosterone to 30 minutes of 65 degrees head-up tilt was assessed in 10 essential hypertensive patients. Studies were carried out before and during acute blockade of renin release by propranolol, ACTH suppression by dexamethasone and combined renin and ACTH blockade. In control studies orthostasis induced significant increases only in plasma renin activity and aldosterone. In contrast, when the renin response to tilt was acutely suppressed by propranolol administration, the aldosterone response was nonetheless maintained but now appeared to be under ACTH control, since concurrent increases in cortisol were observed. During ACTH suppression aldosterone increased during tilt and so did renin. However, during combined ACTH and renin blockade aldosterone failed to increase during tilt. These studies suggest that the aldosterone secretory response to head-up tilt is normally mediated by the renin-angiotensin system but, when the renin response is suppressed, an ACTH response is elicited which assumes a backup role. However, when these two systems are blocked other factors appear unable to respond during tilt to support a normal aldosterone response. PMID- 45270 TI - Second International Congress on Obesity, Washington DC, October 23-26 1977: unclassified abstracts. PMID- 45271 TI - Therapeutic efficiency of spleen or bone marrow CFU in X-irradiated 89Sr marrow ablated mice. AB - Experiments were carried out to compare the therapeutic efficiency (TE: number of CFU required to reduce the mortality from 100 to 50 per cent) of spleen or marrow (BM) stem cells (CFU) grafted into lethally irradiated mice (807 rad) which had been previously treated with 89Sr or splenectomized. It was found that during the reconstitution of the haemopoietic organs, the spleen does not provide more than 10 per cent of the functional cells necessary for survival. Besides, the BM derived CFU growing in 89Sr marrow-ablated mice remain twice as efficient as the spleen-derived ones. Similarly, spleen-derived CFU transplanted into splenectomized mice are half as efficient as BM-derived ones. It may therefore be assumed that haemopoietic stem cells grafted into a foreign microenvironment retain their original kinetics of growth and differentiation during 7 to 10 days after their transplantation. PMID- 45272 TI - Activation of phosphatidylserine synthesis: a possible mechanism of regulation of the base-exchange enzymic system. AB - The possible relationship between phosphatidyl serine synthesis by base-exchange and nervous activity has been investigated in the rat caudate nucleus. The rate of incorporation of L-serine into the phosphatidyl serine of slices from caudate nucleus is not affected by dopamine nor is it affected by the addition to dopamine of a cyclic phosphodiesterase inhibitor which would increase the endogenous cyclic-AMP levels. However, imidazole, a phosphodiesterase activator, clearly stimulates by more than 100% the phosphatidyl serine synthesis in the slices. The activation is not due to interaction at the catalytic site(s) of the base-exchange system, since it is neither observed in homogenates of caudate nucleus nor in cerebral microsomes at various pH values. PMID- 45273 TI - Plasma vasopressin levels during haemorrhage in mature and immature fetal sheep. AB - In four mature chronically catheterized fetal sheep in utero arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial pH and haematocrit fell during a 16-70% haemorrhage, while Pao2 rose. Plasma vasopressin concentrations increased and were correlated with the percentage of blood volume removed. Following haemorrhage arterial pressure and heart rate were restored within 60 min, while hyperozaemia and acidaemia persisted. Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentrations remained the same or increased and were significantly related to the degree of acidaemia. Upon return of the removed blood, pressure rose transiently and Pao2 fell; pH remained low and plasma ADH concentrations fell, but were still related to the degree of acidaemia. In three immature, exteriorized fetuses (0.4 of term) plasma vasopressin concentrations also rose during haemorrhage. The results indicate that fetal plasma vasopressin levels rise during haemorrhage in response both to hypovolaemia and the subsequent acidaemia. Further the response to haemorrhage is present at an early gestational age. PMID- 45274 TI - Microspectrofluorometric studies on the formaldehyde-induced reaction product of 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - A new model incorporating Sephadex G-25 as an inert carrier has been developed for studying the reaction between biogenic amines and formaldehyde vapour. Both the fluorescence yield and the spectral characteristics of the 5-HT formaldehyde reaction product are influenced appreciably by the relative humidity at which paraformaldehyde is equilibrated, the duration of the reaction, the glycine concentration and pH of the suspending solution and the duration of exposure to ultraviolet light. It is concluded that care should be exercised in attempting to identify or quantify 5-HT on the basis of microspectrofluorometric analysis. PMID- 45275 TI - The effect of intragastric infusion of bile, meat extract, CaCl2, and ethanol on plasma VIP and gastrin and on gastric H+ and pepsin outputs. PMID- 45276 TI - [Correlations between gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, triglycerides and cholesterol in normal, obese and diabetic subjects]. PMID- 45277 TI - [Reevaluation of the treatment of acute bacterial pneumonias (author's transl)]. AB - In spite of extreme and persistent susceptibility to antibiotics, specially benzylpenicillin, the pathology due to pneumococcus remains frequent and serious. From 14 cases of pneumococcal meningitis associated with pneumonia the authors have studied the relationship between these two localizations. They conclude that meningeal seeding appears most frequently secondarily and is probably latent at the beginning. Moreover they note that treatment of pneumonia by itself does not always prevent the occurence of the meningitis. Density of bacterial population, prolunged bacteremia, resistance of pneumococcus to phagocytic mechanisms and the delay of treatment might explain these findings. For those reasons the authors recommend the use of high doses of benzylpenicillin for the treatment of lately diagnosed bacterial pneumonia. PMID- 45278 TI - [Study of the extrahepatic biliary tract by oral cholecystography after the intravenous administration of propranolol (author's transl)]. PMID- 45280 TI - [3d national meeting of the Xeroradiography Section of SIRMN, Castrocaro Terme, 21 October 1978]. PMID- 45279 TI - [Effects of somatostatin upon prolactin secretion both in normal subjects and in patients presenting pituitary adenoma (author's transl)]. AB - In normal subjects somatostatin cannot modify the plasma levels of prolactin when they are in a normal range or when they are pharmacologically increased. In the case of pituitary adenoma (prolactinic or eosinophilic), the response of prolactin to somatostatin varies widely. In some patients there is a marked decrease of the prolactin levels while in others no modification is observed. PMID- 45281 TI - [Pantalar arthrodesis. A follow up study of 45 operations (author's Transl)]. AB - The authors have studied the long term results of 45 Pantalar arthrodesis realised either in one stage, or in two stages. Technical details are given for obtaining a good positioning during the surgical procedure. It was found that post operative complications were more frequent than after more limited operations. The long term results were satisfactory, provided a good positioning. Residual equinus deformities were better tolerated than deformities in pronation or supination. It was noted no consequences on neighboring joints. PMID- 45282 TI - [Factors regulating and modifying the pulmonary circulation]. PMID- 45283 TI - [Natural oligopeptides and nervous system function]. PMID- 45284 TI - Some pathophysiological aspects of cholestasis. PMID- 45285 TI - Effect of beta-blocking agents in hyperthyroidism. AB - Propranolol modifies peripheral thyroxine metabolism, in opposition to the beta blocking agent GYKI 41099 which has no such effect. Both beta-receptor blockers produce a significant fall in the serum cAMP level of hyperthyroid subjects. It is suggested that the beneficial effect of the beta-blocking agents in hyperthyroidism is partly due to their depressive effect on cAMP production. As far as the action of propranolol is concerned, it may well involve an additional effect on T4 metabolism. PMID- 45286 TI - [Nitroglycerin and amyl nitrite action on common bile duct during operation for vesicular lithiasis (author's transl)]. AB - Eight patients undergoing cholecystectomy received a single injection of nitroglycerin (0,9 mg) and 8 received amyl nitrite, during a cholangio kinesimetry. The maximum fall in common bile duct pressure was similar in both group; 3.2 +/- 0.3 torr after nitroglycerin (NTG),3.8 +/- 0.6 torr after amyl nitrite (AN). NTG caused a more persistent lowering of pressure than AN; 614 +/- 42 seconds/343 +/- 27 seconds (p < 0.001). This study showed that it is possible to produce a relaxation of biliary tract muscle fibres with an injection of nitroglycerin and then replace amyl nitrite during anesthesia. PMID- 45287 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of normovolemic hemodilution]. AB - After reviewing data from the literature concerning the effects of normovolaemic haemodilution on cardiac output and regional flow rates, the authors illustrate these concepts by a personal study involving the haemodynamics of 10 subjects undergoing operation in normovolaemic haemodilution. Removal of blood was compensated simultaneously by modified liquid gelatin in electrolytic solution (Plasmion) until the haematocrit was 0.30. Measurements were performed before haemodilution in patients in a steady state (anaesthetised, intubated, normoventilated), at the end of haemodilution, at the end of the operation, then 4 hours after recovery. There was no variation in blood pressure and heart rate, showing that normovolaemia was maintained. At the end of haemodilution, cardiac index increased from 3.10 to 3.84 l.min-1.m-2 (0.0517 to 0.0638 l.s-1 . m-2) (p < 0.005); stroke volume increased from 70 to 83 ml (p < 0.005); systemic resistance fell from 1585 to 1262 dynes. s.cm-5 (158.5 to 130.4 kPa.s.l-1) (p < 0.005); arterial oxygen content decreased from 191.1 to 152.1 ml.100 ml-1 (8.535 to 6.793 mmol.l-1) (p < 0.005), whilst oxygen transport was unchanged. These various haemodynamic measurements showed no significant changes at the subsequent times when they were measured, values remaining close to those obtained at the end of haemodilution. The results confirm the fact that norvolaemic haemodilution is accompanied by a fall in systemic vascular resistance with an increase in cardiac output. Regional circulations are thus improved. Since oxygen transport is unaffected, the oxygenation of peripheral tissues is ensured normally. PMID- 45288 TI - [Rheological effects of normovolemic hemodilution]. AB - Blood viscosity depends essentially on two factors: shearing rate, since the blood is not a Newtonian liquid and the hematocrit, any fall in which tends to cause the blood to become closer in its behaviour to a Newtonian liquid. Furthermore, these two factors are interdependent. When the hematocrit falls, blood viscosity decreases in greater proportions at lower shearing rates than at high shearing rates. Whilst in vitro, in hemodilution, results vary in relation to the type of replacement solution, in vivo this factor would appear to be of little importance by virtue of the adapted variations in the deformability of the red cells. However, hemodilution results in the greatest relative decreases in blood viscosity at the highest hematocrits. Below a hematocrit of approximately 30 p. cent, the gain in terms of viscosity is very low. This figure would appear to be the ideal hematocrit level from a rheological standpoint. An additional rheological advantage is provided by hemodilution the instability of red cell rouleaux, which are in fact created more readily in areas where shearing rate is low. All of these rheological changes explain the hemodynamic consequences. PMID- 45289 TI - [Acute normovolemic hemodilution. Experimental and clinical study of coagulation]. PMID- 45290 TI - [Theoretical, experimental and clinical effects of variations in hematocrit during hemodilution]. AB - By decreasing both viscosity and maximum oxygen capacity, a fall in hematocrit has two opposing effects on oxygen transport. The resultant of these effects was studied using a mathematical model representing the circulatory system and the oxygen transport system. This simulation showed that hemodilution decreased mean aortic pressure, increased central venous pressure and cardiac output. Oxygen supply to the tissues was maximum at a hematocrit of 30 p. cent. Blood volume was an essential parameter. These theoretical concepts of an optimum hematocrit of 30 p. cent were confirmed in the isolated rat heart perfused by blood with varying hematocrits. A clinical study in general surgery involving 307 patients where the hematocrit was reduced to below 32 p. cent by replacing blood loss by Ringer lactate or a fluid gelatin type solution, showed the good tolerance of normovolaemic hemodilution when used carefully, and its value in the prevention of post-operative thrombo-embolic disease. PMID- 45291 TI - [Study of erythrocyte lipids after perfusion of modified fluid gelatin]. AB - Study of changes in erythrocyte lipids after the infusion of 1,000 ml of modified fluid gelatin (Plasmion) demonstrated disturbances at the level of the lipid double layer with, in particular, a decrease in phosphatidyl-ethanolamines found in the serum. No erythrocyte deformation was seen. PMID- 45292 TI - [Tissue oxygenation during normovolemic hemodilution]. AB - Limited hemodilution does not affect the respiratory function of the blood, neither in vitro nor in vivo. By virtue of the unchanged affinity of oxygen for hemoglobin and increase in nutritional flow, reduction in the O2 content of the blood is completely compensated. Tissue hypoxia does not develop as long as pulmonary and circulatory compensation is ensured. As a result, maintenance of a normal blood volume is an essential parameter. Information is not yet available concerning the relationship of O2 supplies in coronary disease. Coronary disease is presently considered to be a contra-indication since a marked reduction in the O2 content of the blood could restric coronary reserves and result in myocardial ischemia. PMID- 45293 TI - [Problems posed for the anesthetist by esophagectomy]. PMID- 45294 TI - Pyrite oxidation by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans with special reference to the sulphur moiety of the mineral. AB - Available cultures of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans were found to be contaminated with bacteria very similar to Thiobacillus acidophilus. The experiments described were performed with a homogeneous culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. Pyrite (FeS2) was oxidized by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans grown on iron (Fe2+), elemental sulphur (S0) or FeS2. Evidence for the direct utilization of the sulphur moiety of pyrite by Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was derived from the following observations: a. Known inhibitors of Fe2+ and S0 oxidation, NaN3 and NEM, respectively, partially abolished FeS2 oxidation. b. A b-type cytochrome was detectable in FeS2- and S0-grown cells but not in Fe2+-grown cells. c. FeS2 and S0 reduced b-type cytochromes in whole cells grown on S0. d. CO2 fixation at pH 4.0 per mole of oxygen consumed was the highest with S0, lowest with Fe2+ and medium with FeS2 as substrate. e. Bacterial Fe2+ oxidation was found to be negligible at pH 5.0 whereas both FeS2 and S0 oxidation was still appreciable above this pH. f. Separation of pyrite and bacteria by means of a dialysis bag caused a pronounced drop of the oxidation rate which was similar to the reduction of pyrite oxidation by NEM; indirect oxidation of the sulphur moiety by Fe3+ was not affected by separation of pyrite and bacteria. Bacterial oxidation and utilization of the sulphur moiety of pyrite were relatively more important with increasing pH. PMID- 45295 TI - Production, purification and properties of a Pichia kluyveri killer toxin. AB - Production of the killer toxin of Pichia kluyveri 1002 was stimulated in the presence of yeast extract. In a minimal medium production was optimal at pH 3.8 4.0 and 22--25 degrees C. Addition of gelatin and nonionic detergents, like Brij 58 (polyoxyethylene 20 cetyl ether) and Triton-X-100, to this medium enhanced production significantly. The killer toxin was purified 140-fold by use of a stepwise ethanol precipitation and butyl Sepharose column chromatography. The purified killer toxin, which still contained some carbohydrates, appeared to be glycoprotein with a mol wt of about 19 000 and an isoelectric point of 4.3. It was stable between pH 2.5 and 4.7 and up to 40 degrees C. PMID- 45296 TI - Genetic relationship between different subspecies of Bacteroides melaninogenicus. PMID- 45297 TI - [Genesis of connective matrix of Veretillum cynomorium Pall. (Cnidaria-Anthozoa). Ultrastructural and autoradiographic study (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrastructural study of the tissues of Veretillum cynomorium shows the presence of two mesenchymatous cellular states in the mesoglea: the nongranular mesenchymatous cells and the granular mesenchymatous cells. These latter possess, besides their cytoplasmic granules, some homogeneous fibrous inclusions, very similar to the fibrous material of the mesoglea. Granules and homogeneous fibrous inclusions are also present in the cytoplasm of some ectodermic and endodermic cells. These morphological results lead us to consider that mesoglea and epithelia can be occupied by the same granular cell type. Besides this, the digestive endodermic cells are sometimes very rich in heterogeneous fibrous inclusions histochemically identified as phagosomes. An autoradiographic study indicates two possible pathways for the synthesis of the mesoglea. The first involves the endoderm which elaborates the mesoglea at a fast rate but in small amounts. The second is due to the granular cells (mesenchymatous and epithelial) which show a slow rate of synthesis leading to the formation of the homogeneous fibrous inclusions. The heterogeneous fibrous inclusions of the digestive endodermic cell support the hypothesis of the involvement of these cells in mesogleal degradation. PMID- 45298 TI - [Researches on some properties of inhibitory substances produced by strains of "N. meningitidis" (author's transl)]. AB - Some properties of three inhibitory substances produced by as many strains of N. meningitidis have been studied. All these substances appeared to be completely destroyed by proteolytic enzymes (trypsin and pronase) and to be very heat stable; they were insensitive to ultraviolet light and they were stable pH 2-10; filtration through filters of different porosity (Seitz, Berkefeld, millipore membranes) resulted in loss of the inhibitory effect constantly. On the basis of these results and on their specific action specific action, it is possible to class these substances among bacteriocins ("meningocins") at low molecular weight. PMID- 45299 TI - Microelectrophoretic application of putative neurotransmitters onto various types of bulbar respiratory neurons. AB - Six putative neurotransmitters and the beta-receptor excitant isoproterenol were applied to bulbar respiratory neurons classified according to their burst discharge in the respiratory cycle and, for comparison, also to "unspecific" cells. With glycine inhibition occurred in I and prevailed in unspecific neurons. With GABA inhibition preponderated in I and E neurons. Glutamate excited E neurons. With dopamine inhibition prevailed in I and unspecific neurons. The majority of E neurons remained unaffected. With NE excitation occurred in EI and preponderated in I, IE, E and unspecific neurons, while some IE and E neurons were inhibited. The effects of isoproterenol did not allow any clear statement about receptor properties. In I units, however, activation was more frequent than inhibition. With 5-HT excitation prevailed in IE neurons. About half of the I cells remained unaffected and in the remainder inhibition preponderated over activation. This suggests the existence of two 5-HT-specific receptors in I and IE neurons. Comparison of the single effects revealed differences in the receptor properties of the various cell types. Results suggest that some cell types possess dopaminergic receptors and that these differ from NE-receptors, which have been found in all cell types. NE-receptor stimulation apparently can result in neuronal activation or inhibition. PMID- 45300 TI - Microelectrophoretic application of antagonists of putative neurotransmitters onto various types of bulbar respiratory neurons. AB - Seven antagonists of putative neurotransmitters were applied to bulbar respiratory neurons and, for comparison, also to unspecific cells. The antagonists exerted distinct effects when released alone, permitting to draw conclusions about receptor properties of the various cell types. With strychnine, specific antagonist of glycine, excitation prevailed in EI, I and E neurons. With bicuculline, specific antagonist of GABA, excitation preponderated in EI and E cells. About half of the unspecific neurons were activated and the remainder were unresponsive. GDEE (glutamatediethylester), antagonist of glutamate, excited part of the IE neurons and inhibited part of the E units, while the remainder of both types as well as 2 EI cells tested were not affected. With flupentixol, antagonist of dopamine, excitation prevailed in I neurons. About half of the IE and E units remained unaffected, while in the remainder E cells inhibition preponderated over excitation. With yohimbine, an alpha-adrenoceptor blocker, inhibition prevailed in E units. The two EI as well as the majority of the I neurons remained unaffected, with two cells of the latter type being activated. Propranolol, a beta-adrenoceptor blocker, inhibited about half of the E neurons, while the remainder as well as most IE and the 2 EI cells tested were not affected. Cyproheptadine, an antagonist of 5-HT, excited most E neurons. As concerns NE-receptors, those of the alpha-type might be involved in activation of part of the E cells only, whereas all other NE effects (inhibition or activation) are mediated by CNS-specific receptors different from the alpha- and beta-type. 5 HT effects apparently are mediated by two different receptor types. PMID- 45301 TI - Relation of colonial morphologies of strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae in soft agar to the encapsulation. AB - Among 40 fresh isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae 12, 25 and 3 strains, respectively, exhibited large round, small round and compact colonial morphologies in soft-agar medium. Every large round strain possessed a capsule, almost half of the small round strains had capsules, while all of the large round type growth showed very high mouse virulence and 1.0 mg of these organisms was capable of absorbing a minimal amount of passive protective antibody in rabbit antiserum, prepared with the homologous strain, against challenge infection with homologous organisms in mice. Its variant showing compact type growth in soft agar was mouse avirulent and a similar amount of the mouse passive protective antibody could not be absorbed with 100 mg of these organisms. These experimental results indicate that the soft-agar technique can be used for the identification of encapsulated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. PMID- 45302 TI - [Acts of the 1979 congress: Societa Italiana di Biologia Sperimentale, Societa Italiana di Fisiologia, Societa Italiana di Nutrizione Umana. Abstracts]. PMID- 45303 TI - [Analysis of deoxyribonuclease I and II activity as a function of ionic strength and pH]. AB - The action of deoxyribonucleases I and II has been studied as a function of ionic strength and pH, in the light of the theory of the ionic control of biochemical reactions (P. Douzou and P. Maurel (1977) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 74, 1013 1015). The pattern of DNA degradation by the two enzymes fits the general principles of the theory. However, the activity of DNAase II, a dimeric, basic protein (pI = 10,2) appears to be scarcely modulated by variables such as ionic strength and pH. This is reminiscent of what was elsewhere observed with the system double stranded RNA-seminal RNAase (also a very basic, dimeric enzyme), and could, therefore, tentatively be correlated with the dimeric and/or the very basic nature of the enzyme protein. PMID- 45304 TI - [Analysis of phenothiazine neuroleptics by means of non-aqueous titrimetry]. AB - Phenothiazine neuroleptic drugs, either as pure compounds or in pharmaceutical dosage forms have been quantitatively assayed by nonaqueous titrimetry. Suggested procedure is applicable to basic drugs and their corresponding salts without prior cleanup overcoming the interferences due to excipients. PMID- 45305 TI - [Sympathetic mediation of induced and spontaneous activity of the pelvis-ureter in vitro]. AB - The spontaneous activity of guinea-pig renal pelvis-ureter is regulated by the adrenergic system. Spontaneous rhythmic contractions, and contractions induced by Noradrenaline are inhibited by Dihidroergotamine and Phentolamine. Alpha adrenergic blocking agents block also contractions induced by histamine, angiotensin and barium chloride, but not contractions induced by electric stimulation. The Authors suggest an hypothetical model for the activation of the adrenergic receptor: Noradrenaline (NE) recognition sites are activated only by NE, whereas complementary sites can be activated by NE or other agonists. Both sites are blocked by alpha-adrenergic blocking agents. PMID- 45306 TI - [Comparative study of the anti-angina effectiveness of nadolol and propranolol]. PMID- 45307 TI - [Value and concordance of the dP/dt max, dP/dt max/P and Vmax myocardial contractility indices. Research on the conscious dog under conditions of depressed inotropism]. PMID- 45308 TI - Persistent asthma after treatment with beta-blocking agents. AB - Two atopic subjects with previously trivial asthma developed severe wheezing after receiving beta-adrenergic blocking agents. These drugs were discontinued but severe airways obstruction was still present more than 18 months later. PMID- 45309 TI - [The pharmacodynamics of respiratory stimulants (author's transl)]. PMID- 45310 TI - [Ventilatory effects of various respiratory stimulants in awake cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 45311 TI - [Isocapnic ventilatory response to almitrine in patients with chronic hypercapnia (author's transl)]. PMID- 45313 TI - [Systemic manifestations associated with the use of beta-adrenolytic eyedrops (sympatholytics, beta-blockers)]. PMID- 45312 TI - [The treatment of chronic alveolar hypoventilation (not including physiotherapy and artificial ventilation) (author's transl)]. PMID- 45314 TI - The permeation of benzodiazepines through synthetic membranes. PMID- 45315 TI - Effect of phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene on decrease in pH in liver induced by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, of partial hepatectomy and hepatotoxic agents. PMID- 45316 TI - Antagonistic properties of N-methyl-N'-[2-(5-ethyl-4-imidazolyl methylthio)ethyl]thiourea. AB - In the present paper the Authors describe the synthesis and the biological effects of N-methyl-N'-[2-(5-ethyl-4-imidazolylmethylthio)ethyl]thiourea (etiamide). This compound appeared to inhibit, to a certain extent, the effect of histamine on H2-receptors. This inhibition, however, was less pronounced than that elicited by metiamide and in some of the preparations examined appeared to be of the non-competitive type. PMID- 45317 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships for a set of sulfonamide drugs. PMID- 45319 TI - Bilateral cryptorchidism: a cause of male infertility? A follow-up study of young males undergoing bilateral orchiorrhaphy during childhood. PMID- 45320 TI - [Echography in the diagnosis of fetal membrane rupture]. PMID- 45321 TI - [Postvaccinal encephalitis in adult. A case with anatomo-clinical report (author's transl)]. AB - While post-vaccinal encephalitis in children is unfortunately well known, its occurrence in adults is rather exceptional. The calendar of a poly vaccination situated so close to each other, most probably account for such an evolution. The case reported concerns a man of 27 years who presented 10 days after a polyvaccination (7 vaccines in 2 months) altered consciousness, epileptic fits, right hemiplegia, vegetative dysfunctions and meningeal status. Evolutionary clinical course led to death in 21 days. Neuropathological findings showed lymphocytic infiltrates in the cortex and basal ganglia, congestive aspect with petechial areas in the white matter and inflammatory meningeal infiltrates. All viral investigations both in the blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid remained negative. Post-vaccinal encephalitis is reviewed. Vaccination cannot be condemned, but in case of polyvaccination lapse of time in between vaccines should be longer so as to prevent such exceptional evolution and fatal course. PMID- 45323 TI - Proceedings of the III Nordic Congress of Gerontology, Turku, 1977. PMID- 45322 TI - [Dental complications during oral endoscopic manipulations (author's transl)]. PMID- 45324 TI - [Destruction of radiation-resistant cell populations wit hyperthermia]. PMID- 45325 TI - Filarial elephantiasis in French Polynesia: a study concerning the beliefs of 127 patients about the origin of their disease. AB - 127 patients from Tahiti who were suffering from elephantiasis were interviewed about their opinion of the origin of their disease. Ancestral beliefs are still widely held even after 25 years of antifilarial campaigns which have resulted in a drastic decrease in endemicity with almost no clinical incidence. It is disappointing that the responsibility of mosquitoes is denied by a majority of patients. The explanations are to be found in the unusual evolution of this disease and in the small importance attached to sanitary education. PMID- 45326 TI - Evidence for a strong non-adrenergic component in the motor transmission to the rabbit vas deferens. AB - Isolated vas deferens preparations from 16 rabbits of the New Zealand white strain were subjected to electrical and chemical excitability under physiological conditions and under the influence of drugs. Such smooth muscle fibres were strictly confined to the terminal 3 cm. segments of the distal 'urethral' portions of the vasa deferentia. Intermittent field stimulation, at 60 second intervals, was provided by a stimulator of low output impedance under constant parameters of voltage, pulse width and frequency. Results from this investigation revealed the undermentioned anomalous but distinct findings viz: (a) the presence of a minor adrenergic component which disappeared in phentolamine but remained unaffected by prolonged exposures to phenoxybenzamine; (b) the presence of a predominantly non-adrenergic component which was totally refractory to phenoxybenzamine but suffered a weak diminution in phentolamine; and (c) the picture of a phentolamine-insensitive but twitch-inhibiting effect shared by both tyramine and noradrenaline. Rabbit vasa consistently displayed a remarkable insensitivity to the motor effects of submicromolar concentrations of the putative neurotransmitter substance i.e. noradrenaline. The indirect sympathomimetic agent, tyramine failed to elicit any contractions when employed in doses as massive as 290 micrometers. i.e. 5 x 10(-5) g/ml, except in 2 out of 14 trials when a weak phentolamine-susceptible bursts of single contractions were produced. Thus, the adrenoceptors involved in the mediation of the twitch inhibiting effects, appear not to behave towards conventional adrenoceptor antagonists in the classified manner. It seems appropriate therefore to invoke an unknown neurotransmitter for the non-adrenergic component in this motor transmission. PMID- 45327 TI - Acetylcholinesterase in the central nervous system and digestive gland of Achatina fulica Bowdich. AB - Cholinesterase (ChE) activity was measured in the central nervous system (CNS) and in the digestive gland of the pestiferous land snail Achatinafulica Bowdich, by the method of Huegra et al. (1952). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and benzoylcholinesterase (BeChE) activity was higher in the former than in the latter. The complete inhibition of the enzyme activity with 10(-2) M eserine indicates that the ChE examined is AChE. The Km values of the AChE from the digestive gland and the CNS were 3.1 x 10(-5) and 9.0 x 10(-5) (M), respectively. The enzyme is the most active at pH 8.2 and 37 degrees C up to 60 min. PMID- 45328 TI - Tissue pH in the assessment of ischaemic muscle damage. AB - Measurement in vivo of the pH of superficial muscles of dogs was found suitable for the assessment of the severity of ischaemic muscle damage and for the detection of irreversible lesions. PMID- 45329 TI - [The restless leg syndrome. Description of a case and pathogenetic theory]. PMID- 45330 TI - [Attempts to characterize dexamethasone receptors present in rat kidney cytosol]. AB - Density gradient centrifugation analysis has been used to study rat kidney receptors for dexamethasone. Density gradients performed with cytosol incubated with 3H-dexamethasone in a Tris 10 mM, EDTA 1.5 mM, glycerol 5%, monothioglycerol 12 mM (pH 7.5) buffer never gave any good evidence of a 85 radioactivity peak probably due to instability of the complex. The stability of the complex for at least 30 h was achieved by homogenizing the tissue and incubating cytosol in a distilled water, glycerol 5% monothioglycerol 12 mM solution. Density gradient centrifugation analysis in this way showed radioactivity peak at the bottom of the tube probably due to the aggregation of the complex. Since this drawback is inherent in the technique it must be concluded that density gradient centrifugation analysis cannot be used to study the dexamethasone-receptor complex of the kidney. PMID- 45331 TI - [Evaluation of the antiasthmatic effect of Chuanliping (clenbuterol Co) aetocol (author's transl)]. PMID- 45332 TI - Spectral transitions in purple membranes from Halobacterium halobium. I. Effect of preliminary illumination on photochemical processes. AB - The effect of preliminary illumination of purple membranes by yellow light on the difference spectra of short-lived intermediates has been studied. It has been found that changes of the optical density of two of these intermediates, which have the maxima of the difference spectrum at 412 nm and 650 nm, coincides well with the kinetics off the known reversible transitions of the main band of the purple membrane absorption (560 570), i.e., 13-cis-trans transitions. The changes at 412 nm and 650 nm are proportional to the concentration changes of the all trans retinal and 13-cis retinal, respectively. It was concluded that the formation of the short-lived 412 and 650 intermediates occurs in different photochemical cycles. The pH is found to affect the formation of the 650 intermediate. PMID- 45333 TI - Ion movements during energy-linked mitochondrial structural changes. AB - The structure of isolated rat liver mitochondria has been observed in the electron microscope following incubation of the mitochondria in vitro under a variety of conditions. The results show that ultrastructural changes are only associated with the energization and deenergization of isolated mitochondria if the composition of the incubation medium permits ion movements in or out of the matrix. The mechanism of energy coupling does not appear to depend on these major mitochondrial structural changes. The addition of low levels of valinomycin greatly increases the rate at which the matrix compartment swells and shrinks on energization and deenergization even at low K+ concentrations. PMID- 45334 TI - Oxidant-induced alterations in pulmonary microsomal mixed-function oxidation: acute effects of paraquat and ozone. AB - Pulmonary mixed function oxidations are altered by in vivo exposure to paraquat or ozone. The cytochrome P-450-mediated benzphetamine N-demethylase activity was inhibited by low doses of both oxidants (paraquat, 20 mg/kg, ip; ozone, 1 ppm, 24 hrs). The effect of paraquat did not appear until 4 days after treatment and was still apparent after 2 weeks. The inhibition following exposure to ozone appeared immediately (1 day) and had resolved by one week. Cytochrome b5-mediated lipid desaturation was unaffected by the paraquat treatment and was stimulated by ozone. These alterations in pulmonary mixed function oxidase activities could not be explained by microsomal lipid peroxidation. The concentrations of cytochromes P450 and b5 also did not accurately reflect the altered enzymatic activities. The sites of the paraquat- and ozone-mediated alterations are still unknown. PMID- 45335 TI - [Heterogeneity of the pituitary reserve of gonadotropins in children with cryptorchism]. PMID- 45336 TI - [Proceedings VII national symposium of the association of Italian Hospital Microbiologists, A.M.O.I., Florence (Italy), November 11-12, 1977]. PMID- 45337 TI - [Determination of chemoantibiotic levels in tissues and biological fluids (author's transl)]. AB - On the premise that a microorganism is sensitive or resistant to a chemoantibiotic according to it's concentrations in biological fluids and tissues, the A. examines those methods available in chemoantibiotic titration such as chemical, enzymatic, radio-immunologic, turbidimetric, potentiometric and agar-diffusion methods. By further evaluating the limits and capacities of these different methods, the A. describes in larger detail the agar-diffusion method which is considered more sensitive, practical and efficient. A brief report is made on the possibility of measuring antibiotic association. PMID- 45338 TI - [Culture media for antibiotic sensitivity testing (author's transl)]. AB - The medium is undoubtedly one of the most important factors influencing the sensitivity testing techniques. The possible role of pH and different components of media, as such as the concentration of peptone, tymidine or tymine, riboflavin, cations (MG++, Ca++, Fe++), mineral salts, agar and phosphate (added eventually with buffer solutions) is discussed. The conclusions point to the need of synthetic media which are suitable for growing all common pathogens and to not interfere with the antibacterial activity of drugs. PMID- 45339 TI - [Neurohumoral transmitter mechanisms at the cellular level]. AB - The term neurohumoral transmission designates the transfer of a nerve impulse from a presynaptic to a postsynaptic neuron by means of a humoral agent e.g. a biogenic amine, an amino acid or a peptide. This process involves several steps, i.e. biosynthesis, storage, release, receptor interaction and inactivation of the transmitter. A neuromodulator modifies, for instance the release of a transmitter by action on a presynaptic transmitter neuron. Biogenic amines may also be released from non-synaptic nerve terminals and possibly exert a modulatory effect on other neurons. The regulation of the transmitter dynamics at the enzymatic level occurs by end-product inhibition and by enzyme induction. In addition, there are regulatory mechanisms originating from autoreceptors and postsynaptic receptors which operate via feedback action. Stimulation or inhibition of receptors may lead to receptor sub- and supersensitivity respectively. Numerous neuro-psychotropic drugs used in medical practice act on the various steps of neurohumoral transmission and thereby influence the dynamics of neurotransmitters and modulators. PMID- 45340 TI - [Central organization of transmitter systems]. AB - The organisation of the central nervous system (CNS) is considered from the point of view of the chemical specificity of neurons with respect to their neurotransmitters. The mechanisms of neurotransmission are summarized as well as the approaches used to determine the neurotransmitters of specific CNS pathways. As an example, the neurotransmitters of the basal ganglion and their interactions are presented and their implications for the pathophysiology of Huntington disease and possibly schizophrenia are discussed. PMID- 45341 TI - [The morphologic diversity and complexity of synapses and microcircuits]. AB - After mentioning the dendrite arborizations and the dendritic spines which represent an important site of synaptic interactions and neuronal plasticity, the main synaptic types, chemical and electrical, excitatory and inhibitory are mentioned and their morphological characteristics and dynamic properties are discussed. In the second part, the synaptic connections between several nerve cells, and the module principle of cerebellar and cerebral cortex are described. Significant progress is expected from the application of the 14C-deoxyglucose technique which is used as a histochemical marker of neuronal activity. PMID- 45342 TI - [Physiopathology of endogenous psychoses]. AB - Metabolic theories of manic-depressive psychosis and schizophrenia are reviewed and constructivist models are presented which attempt to integrate biochemical, neurophysiological and clinical findings. PMID- 45343 TI - [Potential therapeutic activity of GABA-mimetic drugs in neuropsychiatry]. AB - Several pieces of evidence support the view that GABA neurons inhibit the DA system both in extrapyramidal and limbic regions. This inhibition is exerted on cell bodies and terminals of DA neurons and is involved in the regulation of their activity. A recently synthesized GABAmimetic compound SL 76.002 has considerably helped in elucidating the role of GABA in this regulation as well as the therapeutic implication of changes of GABAergic transmission in human brain. Thus, impairment of dopaminergic transmission by SL 76.002 has been shown to be effective in iatrogenic extrapyramidal syndromes such as L-DOPA-induced involuntary movements in parkinsonian patients and neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesias: the first attributed to an exaggerated formation and liberation of DA, the second to supersensitivity of target cells of DA neurons. Furthermore, GABAergic medication has been confirmed to be useful in Huntington's chorea in which some symptoms originate from degeneration of striatal GABAergic neurons. Finally, GABAergic inhibition on cellular excitability has been proved to ameliorate epilepsy. However, SL 76.002, contrary to the expectation, was not effective in schizophrenia suggesting that GABA does not play a major role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. PMID- 45344 TI - [The development of psychopharmacotherapy]. AB - Based on experiences during the longterm treatment with psychotropic drugs the following subjects are discussed: extrapyramidal side effects of neuroleptic drugs, cardiovascular side effects of antidepressants, side effects of Lithium, interactions with other medications, influence on laboratory tests and also the psychopharmacological treatment during pregnancy. PMID- 45345 TI - [Collagenous structures--one of the body's information systems]. PMID- 45346 TI - [Prostaglandins in the regulation of enzyme activity]. PMID- 45347 TI - Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activities in blood and liver of chicks and their dependency on biotin status. AB - Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activities from whole blood and, in some of the experiments, from liver were found to be lower in biotin-deficient chicks compared with controls. In vitro stimulation of liver acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity by biotin appeared to be a better index for the evaluation of the biotin status than measuring the enzyme activity alone. PMID- 45348 TI - Relative number and proliferation kinetics of hemopoietic stem cells in the mouse. AB - A model calculation of the hemopoiesis of the mouse based on known hematologic data leads to the conclusion that approximately 3% of all nucleated bone marrow cells are stem cells (pluripotent plus committed stem cells). By a new 125IUdR labeling technique on radiation chimeras, a relative number of 2%-7% stem cells was determined. In previous studies with test systems for stem cells using colony formation in vivo or in vitro, a relative number of stem cells of at least one order of magnitude lower has been estimated. In this study the stem cells are found to have a turnover time of about 4.3 days in the donor mice. This turnover time remained unchanged even after transfusion of marrow cells into lethally irradiated recipient mice. Radiosensitivity determinations yielded a D0 of 80 rad for stem cells in S-phase and D0 of 185 rad for stem cells distributed throughout the entire cell cycle. The respective extrapolation numbers were 1.23 and 1.14. Experiments using an 3H-TdR suicide technique revealed different cell cycle parameters for bone marrow stem cells seeding to the spleens and to the femurs of lethally irradiated recipients, primarily a shortening of S-phase in cells seeding to femurs. The method described here provides a new approach to hematologic stem cell research. PMID- 45350 TI - [Stability of potentiated acid glutaraldehyde (author's transl)]. PMID- 45349 TI - Collection, storage and transfusion of blood stem cells for the treatment of hemopoietic failure. AB - Migration of hemopoietic stem cells via the blood to sites of stem cell need is a principle that becomes established during the embryonic development of hemopoiesis and can be observed in the adult whenever bone marrow transplantations are being performed. The regular presence of stem cells in the peripheral blood lends itself to the study of their collection, storage, and use for transfusion purposes in cases of bone marrow failure. Both in dog and in man, granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C) can be collected by leukapheresis from the blood in large quantities, particularly if the yield is increased by the administration of mobilizing agents such as dextran sulfate, and appear to be an indicator for the presence of stem cells. For collection and storage, a closed plastic bag system has been developed that allows the safe handling of the cells. The loss of CFU-C from freezing and thawing with DMSO as a cryoprotective agent is only 10%-20%. If frozen and thawed mononuclear leukocytes are transfused into 1200 rad whole-body X-irradiated autologous or allogeneic recipient dogs, a hemopoietic take is observed when 0.2 X 10(5) CFU-C are present among the mononuclear leukocytes (MNC). Graft-versus-host disease can be avoided in the allogeneic situation when a purified CFU-C rich cell fraction is being transfused. In man collection and storage of MNC including CFU-C is feasible and may eventually become a therapeutic tool. PMID- 45351 TI - [Factors influencing the bactericidal effect of low concentration glutaraldehyde solution (China made) (author's transl)]. PMID- 45352 TI - [Biological activity of decamethrin NRDC 161 against household insects (author's transl)]. PMID- 45353 TI - Regional variability in circadian rhythmicity of intestinal digestive-absorptive functions. AB - The circadian rhythms of sucrase, maltase, isomaltase, trehalase, lactase, gamma glutamyltransferase, leucylnaphthylamide hydrolyzing activity, alkaline phosphatase and monosaccharide transport were assessed in each fifth of the small intestine of the rat in order to determine if an entire enzyme or transport system population responded in a similar manner or if there were regional differences. Animals were maintained under a light-dark cycle and fed from 1400 1800, EST for 7 days. Functional activities were assessed every 4 h for 24 h, inclusively. Quantitative, and in a few instances, qualitative differences in different areas of the intestine were found for all functions. There were portions of the lactase and alkaline phosphatase populations which displayed no rhythmicity in activity. When rhythmicity was observed there were differences in the activity patterns along the intestine for all functions. Thus, the rhythm patterns obtained from homogenates of the entire small intestine are a composite of the patterns in regions of high average activity. Also, there appears to be a reasonable amount of local control of the various functions. PMID- 45354 TI - International Cancer Research Workshop on "Chronotherapy of cancer - a critical evaluation" sponsored by the International Cancer Research Data Bank of the United States of America, and administered by the International Union Against Cancer. PMID- 45355 TI - [A study of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase and of the ratio of IgA to transferrin in the pregnant woman (and when using oral contraception) and in the newborn (author's transl)]. AB - The authors confirm the absence of a marked variation in levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in women under the influence of oestrogens, but a considerable rise in this enzyme in the newborn, particularly after delivery following vaginal obstetrical manoeuvre. They base these findings on 242 samples taken from pregnant women in the 3 trimesters of normal pregnancies and after delivery, and in the cord blood of newborn infants as well as in patients taking oral contraception. There is a slight rise in the levels of immunoglobulins A in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The overall rise in the blood levels of transferrin under the effect of oestrogens is confirmed. Norms were obtained for the levels of the IgA/T ratio which drops progressively as pregnancy progresses and with oral contraception. It has been found that in the last two trimesters the upper limit of the normal is 1 for the IgA/T ratio as compared with 1.9 in the general population. The study of these constants is of value when screening for maternal alcoholism and as a consequence for the prevention of the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 45356 TI - [Propanolol in arterial hypertension. Beta-blockaders. Recent advances]. PMID- 45357 TI - Audiology in Scandinavia. Proceedings from the 6th Scandinavian course in audiology, Sodertalje, Sweden, June 1977. PMID- 45358 TI - National and Scandinavian cooperation. PMID- 45359 TI - Clinical pharmacology and the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 45360 TI - Rat brain ribonucleases. AB - Rat brain ribonucleases (RNases) were studied. Three types of RNases with maximum activities at pH 5.0, 7.2 and 9.5 were found. The activity of the pH 7.2 enzyme can be detected only by avoiding the interference of a very active inhibitor with p-chlor-mercuri-benzoic acid (PCMB). The effect of bivalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+), Na+ and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) was investigated. The activities studied showed a different subcellular distribution. Changes in RNase activity during postnatal rat brain development were studied. The pH 7.2 and 9.5 enzymes have a similar behavior increasing up to the 15th-20th day and remaining constant thereafter. The pH 5.0 enzyme remains constant from the 5th to the 20th day, decreasing thereafter. PMID- 45361 TI - Effect of orthodontic band placement on the chemical composition of human incisor tooth plaque. PMID- 45362 TI - [Clinical observations on 40 cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever shock treated mainly with balanced salt solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 45363 TI - [Clinical analysis of 50 cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever complicated by disseminated intra-vascular coagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 45364 TI - [Coagulation mechanism of epidemic hemorrhagic fever complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 45365 TI - [The principal biochemical alterations and fluid therapy during the course of epidemic hemorrhagic fever: clinical analysis of 200 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 45366 TI - [Preoperative management in pheochromocytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 45367 TI - [Ocular complications in chronic psychiatric patients caused by prolonged use of antipsychotic drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 45368 TI - Drug-induced extrapyramidal side-effects in Egyptian schizophrenic patients. PMID- 45369 TI - Yale Conference on Behavioral Medicine: a proposed definition and statement of goals. AB - The Yale Conference on Behavioral Medicine brought a diverse group of behavioral and biomedical scientists together for the purpose of arriving at an interdisciplinary yet consensual definition, statement of goals, and set of recommendations regarding the emerging field of behavioral medicine. It was proposed that behavioral medicine be defined as "the field concerned with the development of behavioral science knowledge and techniques relevant to the understanding of physical health and illness and the application of this knowledge and techniques to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. psychosis, neurosis, and substance abuse are included only insofar as they contribute to physical disorders as an end point." The rational behind this definition and proposals for future developments in the field are discussed. PMID- 45370 TI - Anterior lens opacities in prolonged phenothiazine therapy. PMID- 45372 TI - [2d Brazilian Congress of Leprology. Abstracts]. PMID- 45371 TI - [Absence of electrical activity in the tourniquet-hyperpnea facilitation test in tetany and spasmophilia: impact on practical diagnosis]. PMID- 45373 TI - Studies on experimental growth retardation in sheep. The effect of removal of a endometrial caruncles on fetal size and metabolism. AB - Experimental intrauterine growth retardation was studied in sheep. Endometrial caruncles (anlagen of maternal cotyledon) were removed before pregnancy and at a second operation, catheters were implanted into the ewe and fetus at 105-135 days of pregnancy. Three groups of fetuses were defined: low birthweight-for-dates (small-caruncle), normal birthweight-for-dates (normal-sized-caruncle) from ewes which had endometrial caruncles removed and the controls. The mean placental weights in these groups were 139 plus or minus 5 g, 283 plus or minus 46 g, 334 plus or minus 22 g respectively. The brains, kidneys and adrenals of the small caruncle-fetuses were significantly greater in proportion to body weight than in the controls and the appearance of ossification centres was delayed. Arterial oxygen tension was lower and packed cell volume higher in the small-caruncle fetuses (PaO2 15 plus or minus 0.6 mmHg; packed cell volume 37.3 plus or minus 1.6%) and normal sized caruncles (PaO2 20.7 plus or minus 1.2 mmHg; packed cell volume 35.2 plus or minus 0.7%) than in the controls (PaO2 23.2 plus or minus 0.7 mmHg; packed cell volume 29.8 plus or minus 0.7%). Plasma concentrations of glucose (0.65 plus or minus 0.12 micromol/ml), lactate (0.9 plus or minus 0.1 micromol/ml) and pyruvate (0.08 plus or minus 0.025 micromol/ml) were lower in small-caruncle fetuses than in the control fetuses (glucose 1.05 plus or minus 0.06 micromol/ml, lactate 1.83 plus or minus 0.7 micromol/ml, pyruvate 0.21 plus or minus 0.06 micromol/ml). The corresponding values for the normal-sized caruncle fetuses were glucose 0.71 plus or minus 0.12, lactate 1.18 plus or minus 0.7 and pyruvate 0.12 plus or minus 0.03 micromol/ml. The plasma concentration of alanine in the small-caruncle-fetuses (0.25 plus or minus 0.09 micromol/ml) was higher than in the normal-sized-caruncle (0.073 plus or minus 0.009 micromol/ml) or control fetuses (0.12 plus or minus 0.013 micromol/ml). The results indicate that fetal growth retardation due to restriction of placental growth after removal of endometrial caruncles is associated with chronic hypoxaemia, polycythaemia and hypoglycaemia. The restriction of nutrient supply probably accounts for the altered pattern of fetal growth but the relative importance of the changes observed remains uncertain. PMID- 45374 TI - [Extension of the possibilities for melting of dental alloys in our country]. PMID- 45375 TI - History of vasodilation in treating shock and low flow states. PMID- 45376 TI - Enflurane alters the response to hemorrhage. PMID- 45377 TI - A systematic error in the determination of blood PCO2. AB - An analysis was made of the effect of sodium heparin solution on the determination of arterial blood PCO2, pH, and bicarbonate. Dilution of blood by heparin solution did not affect the pH of blood samples significantly but reduced the measured PCO2 and th calculated bicarbonate and base excess in direct proportion to the amount of dilution. Used in the usual quantities as an anticoagulant, lubricant, and filler of needle and syringe dead space, heparin solution caused a 17 per cent or greater reduction in PCO2 and bicarbonate in approximately 17 per cent of the arterial blood samples currently received for analysis in a university hospital laboratory. Such unrecognized errors could cause misinterpretations of acid-base status. Completely filling the sampling syringe with blood and using a small-gauge needle will reduce the error. PMID- 45378 TI - [Studies on the influence of pH on the development of eggs and hatching of Syphacia obvelata Seurat, 1916 larvae and Aspiculuris tetraptera Schultz, 1924 larvae (author's transl)]. PMID- 45379 TI - Effect of protein on titrimetry of bicarbonate, titratable acid, and ammonium in urine. AB - Measurement of bicarbonate, titratable acid (HTA+) and ammonium in the urine can facilitate clinical evaluation of acid-base status. Sequential measurement of these three components by titrimetric techniques is well established, but possible interference by proteinuria has not been examined. We report the influence on these analyses of albumin and globulin, two proteins commonly observed in urine in renal disease states. The presence of these proteins in urine affects the measurement of NH4+, and to a less extent that of HTA+. The magnitude of the effect depends on the concentration and the kind of protein present. Proteins do not influence the measurement of HCO3-. PMID- 45380 TI - Creatine kinase in serum: 6. Inhibition by endogenous polyvalent cations, and effect of chelators on the activity and stability of some assay components. AB - We studied the effects of some chelators on creatine kinase activity. Creatine kinase is competitively inhibited by endogenous polyvalent cations (e.g., calcium, Ki = 4.5 mmol/L); this can be reversed by adding chelators to the reagent, resulting in a mean increase in activity of 1.14-fold at 25 degrees C and 1.18-fold at 30 and 37 degrees C. Adding chelators, 5 and 10 mmol/L, to serum stored at 37, 30, 25, 4, and -20 degrees C increased isoenzyme stability in some cases, but under certain conditions decreased it, especially at higher chelator concentrations, and more so for EGTA than for EDTA. Blood sampling into tubes prepared with chelators and storage of plasma has no advantage over serum stored in the presence of chelators. The most striking effect of chelators is their protective effect on thiols in the creatine kinase reagent. In the presence of EDTA, 2 mmol/L, the reagent is stable for at least a day at 25 degrees C or a week at 4 degrees C. The poor stability of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is nearly independent of chelators, is the limiting factor for reagent containing EDTA. Bis-Tris, a buffer recently recommended for assay of creatine kinase activity, is a weak chelator. Imidazole acetate buffer combined with EDTA yields activities identical to those found with Bis-Tris at assay temperatures of either 25 or 30 degrees C. PMID- 45381 TI - Binding of Zn2+ by buffers. PMID- 45382 TI - The immunology of rheumatoid diseases. PMID- 45383 TI - The efficiency of the Magill attachment during intermittent positive pressure ventilation. PMID- 45384 TI - Pharmacology of analgesics. PMID- 45385 TI - Argyrophil cells hyperplasia (apudosis) in Beckwith syndrome. PMID- 45386 TI - Collagen -- platelet interaction. Proceedings of the First Munich Symposium on Biology of Connective Tissue Munich, July 19-20, 1976. PMID- 45387 TI - Influence of collagen on fibrin cross-linking. PMID- 45389 TI - Fifth International Symposium of Posturography. Amsterdam, 18-22th June 1979 (first part). PMID- 45388 TI - Pentose phosphate pathway and radiation disease. PMID- 45390 TI - Fifth International Symposium of Posturography. Amsterdam, 18th-22th June 1978. Part 2. PMID- 45391 TI - Peculiarities of clinical activity and pharmacokinetics of sydnocarb (sydnocarbum), an original psychostimulant. PMID- 45392 TI - Clinical experience with some beta blocking agents and their derivatives in endogenous depressions. PMID- 45393 TI - [Noveril in high doses in the treatment of depression]. PMID- 45394 TI - [Noveril in depression]. PMID- 45395 TI - Fluorescent derivatives of nucleotides. Metal ion interactions and pH dependency. AB - The fluorescence parameters of ethenoadenosine derivatives are influenced by metal cations and pH, as summarized here. The pH profile of ethenoadenosine determined by fluorescence intensity gives a normal titration curve and is not affected by ionic strength. In contrast, the pH titration curves of etheno-ATP, etheno ADP, and etheno AMP depend upon ionic strength. At high ionic strength normal curves are obtained, whereas at low ionic strength anomalies are obtained; this suggests that the phosphates can interact with the ring, possibly by hydrogen binding to the ring nitrogens. The room temperature fluorescence of ethenoadenosine occurs from the base form, although excitation of either the acid or base forms can contribute to the emission. This result can be explained if the excited state pK is lower than the ground state pK, and if deprotonation occurs within the time scale of the excited state. At low pH values the fluorescence lifetime of the base form is dependent upon the buffer concentration, indicating that the reverse reaction, protonation, occurs. The affinity constants for the binding of metals to the ethenoadenosine phosphates resemble those for the corresponding adenosine phosphates. Ni(II) and Co(II) are more effective than Mn(II) in quenching the fluorescence of ethenoadenosine phosphates; this result is predicted by Forster's theory for energy transfer based upon the overlap between donor emission spectrum and acceptor absorption spectrum. The diamagnetic ions Mg(II), Ca(II), and Zn(II) do not appear to affect the fluorescence of the ethenoadenosine phosphates directly, but rather to affect the conformation of the molecule, thereby affecting the quantum yield. PMID- 45396 TI - The quantum yield of flash-induced proton release by bacteriorhodopsin-containing membrane fragments. AB - The quantum yield of proton release by bacteriorhodopsin was measured from volume changes after excitation of purple membrane fragments by short flashes. At low ionic strengths, about 0.25 mol of protons is released per einstein absorbed. This agrees well with quantum yields reported recently for the conversion of bacteriorhodopsin into a metastable state (M) that absorbs near 412 nm. However, the quantum yield of proton release increases gradually with increasing ionic strength; it plateaus with a value of 0.43 +/- 0.03 at ionic strengths above 200 mM. Changing the ionic strength has no detectable effect on the quantum yield of formation of the M spectral state. It thus appears that as many as two protons can be released and rebound in each photochemical cycle at high ionic strengths. The quantum yield of proton release is essentially independent of pH over the range 6.0-8.75. The quantum yield decreases with increasing flash strength, apparently due to photoreversal of the initial photochemical reaction. PMID- 45397 TI - Bacteriorhodopsin in model membranes. A new component of the displacement photocurrent in the microsecond time scale. AB - A quasi-short-circuit (tunable voltage clamp) measurement method with microsecond time resolution was applied to a bacteriorhodopsin model membrane formed by a novel interfacial technique. A new component (B1) of the displacement photocurrent was recorded: it has no detectable latency at an instrumental time constant of 1.5 museconds, and persists at 5 degrees C. In addition, a slower component (B2) of opposite polarity inhibited by low temperature (5 degrees C) and low pH (pH = 3.0) was recorded. The technique is very sensitive for the study of fast capacitative photoresponses in model membranes, and allows the detection of charge displacements in bacteriorhodopsin associated with distinct stages of the photochemical transformation. PMID- 45398 TI - Dynamics of pH-induced spectral changes in bacteriorhodopsin. AB - The kinetics of the spectral shift induced in bacteriorhodopsin by low pH are investigated by using the rapid-mixing, stopped-flow technique. The generation of the acid form of the chromophore (A605) occurs in two distinct steps: a fast process (t1/2I = 21 +/- 4 ms) is followed by a much slower reaction (t1/2II = 6 +/- 2 s). The observations are interpreted in terms of neutralization of an acid group in the neighborhood of the retinyl chromophore, the double-staged kinetics being attributed to cooperative effects between chromophores. The method may serve as a tool for studying the kinetics of proton migration across the purple membrane. PMID- 45399 TI - K+ conductance modified by a titratable group accessible to protons from the intracellular side of the squid axon membrane. AB - In the range of pH examined (5.2-10), variations of internal pH from high to low values result in a reversible decrease of the conductance of the open K channels, without significantly affecting the kinetics parameters. A linear plot of the conductance versus internal pH suggests the existence of a titratable group that has an apparent pKa of about 6.9, and that is accessible to protons only from the intracellular side of the membrane. PMID- 45400 TI - Regulation of nerve terminal calcium channel selectivity by a weak acid site. AB - The effects of low pH, and of alkaline earth cations, were examined on calcium uptake by pinched-off nerve terminals (synaptosomes). This uptake appears to be mediated by voltage-sensitive Ca channels (J. Physiol. 247:617, 1975). Ca uptake was measured in low (5 mM) or high (77 mM) potassium media. The extra uptake promoted by depolarizing (K-rich) media was almost maximal at pH 7.5, and decreased as the pH was lowered. Data relating depolarization-induced 45Ca uptake to pH fit a titration curve with a pKa approximately 6. Experiments in which Ca concentration and pH were both varied indicated that Ca2+ and H+ compete for a common binding site. Inhibition of depolarization-induced 45Ca uptake by the alkaline earth cations was studied to determine the apparent binding sequence for these cations in the Ca channels: Ca greater than Sr greater than Ba greater than Mg. This sequence resembles that observed for block of Ca channels in other preparations. The apparent binding sequence of the alkaline earth cations and the apparent pKa (approximately 6) of the Ca-binding site indicate that the Ca channel is a "high field strength" system. Protonation of a Ca channel binding site could explain the inhibitory effect of low pH on Ca-dependent neurotransmitter release (cf. Del Castillo et al., J. Cell. Comp. Physiol. 59:35, 1962). PMID- 45401 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance determinations of permeation coefficients for maleic acid in phospholipid vesicles. AB - Lipid bilayer permeation coefficients for the neutral maleic acid molecule and the maleate monoanion have been determined by proton magnetic resonance techniques. Phosphatiydylcholine-cholesterol (2:1) unilamellar vesicles were prepared having an initial maleate anion concentration gradient stabilized by coupling to an impermeant potassium counterion. The coupling was released by addition of valinomycin, and the time evolution of external pH, internal pH, and maleate concentration followed using nuclear magnetic resonance areas and chemical shifts. Transport rate equations were numerically integrated to fit the date, yielding best fit permeation coefficients of 4 X 10(-9) and 4 X 10(-5) cm/s for maleate monoanion and maleic acid, respectively. PMID- 45402 TI - Viscoelastic behavior of mammalian DNA. AB - The viscoelastic behavior of rat 9L cellular DNA was studied as a function of the detergent used for lysis, the pH and duration of lysis, and gamma ray dose. For nondenaturing lysis conditions, a model of the DNA was proposed to account for the effects of these agents on the viscoelastic retardation time. It was concluded that these agents affect the hydrodynamic radius of the DNA rather than its molecular weight. For denaturing lysis conditions, molecular weights calculated from the relaxation time were consistent with those calculated from alkaline sucrose sedimentation profiles. PMID- 45403 TI - Suppression of graft-versus-host reaction by preincubation of the graft with an antitumor protein, neocarzinostatin. AB - The immunosuppressive activity of neocarzinostatin, an antitumor antibiotic with a high molecular weight, was demonstrated, as measured by the local and systemic graft-versus-host reaction in rats. The preincubation of parental strain lymphocytes with doses more than 1 micrograms/ml of neocarzinostatin for at least 10 min at 37 degrees C resulted in the marked suppression of the popliteal lymph node enlargement, when injected subcutaneously into the hind footpads of F1 hybrid rats. The suppressive effect was temperature-dependent and irreversible, because the neocarzinostatin (1 microgram/ml) pretreatment of parental lymphocytes at 4 degrees C was not effective in the suppressive activity, and the reincubation of cells after the removal of the drug from the culture did not result in demonstrable changes in the degree of suppression. The neocarzinostatin pretreatment does not result in visible changes in the oxygen consumption rate and viability of cells in vitro or in the distribution pattern within a regional lymph node, indicating that treated cells may retain the same viability and migration capacity in vivo as do untreated cells. Furthermore, the drug pretreatment resulted in the complete prevention of runting syndrome, when treated parental lymphocytes were injected intravenously into F1 hybrid rats. PMID- 45404 TI - Lymphocytotoxicity and immunosuppression by organotin compounds. Suppression of graft-versus-host reactivity, blast transformation, and E-rosette formation by di n-butyltindichloride and di-n-octyltindichloride. AB - Di-n-butyltindichloride (DBTC) and di-n-octyltindichloride (DOTC) represent a new group of organometallic compounds with antilymphocytic properties. In rats they induce lymphocyte depletion in thymus and thymus-dependent areas of spleen and peripheral lymph nodes without signs of myelotoxicity or a generalized toxicity. The number and viability of cells isolated from thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs was severely decreased, whereas the number and viability of bone marrow cells was not reduced. Immunosuppressive properties of DBTC and DOTC are indicated, in this study, by a severe decrease of the graft-versus-host response and the response to the T-cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. The T-cell selectivity of these compounds is discussed. In vitro DBTC and DTOC are extremely cytotoxic. Blast transformation of human as well as rat thymocytes was already inhibited at concentrations as low as 0.02 micrograms DBTC (or 0.1 micrograms DOTC) ml medium. Also the E-rosette formation was inhibited at very low drug levels. The similarity of effects upon rat and human lymphocytes suggests that DBTC and DOTC acts in the same manner in rat and man and offers the possibility of a therapeutic use of these compounds. PMID- 45405 TI - [Application of readily melted solder in orthodontic work]. PMID- 45406 TI - [4th Brazilian Symposium of Immunology. Abstracts, 23/24 November, Rio de Janeiro, 1978]. PMID- 45407 TI - Comparative susceptibility of four mosquito cell lines to Alagoas Arbovirus. PMID- 45408 TI - Diagnosis and medical management of insulinomas. PMID- 45409 TI - The medical management of peptic ulcer. PMID- 45410 TI - The 2nd National Symposium on Lyophilization. Possibilities and developments in biological products and microorganisms preservation. November 16--17, 1978, Bucharest. Abstracts. PMID- 45411 TI - Extracellular pH selectively modulates recovery from sodium inactivation in frog myelinated nerve. AB - The Hodgkin-Huxley kinetic parameters, alpha h and beta h, which govern the rate of recovery from and development of sodium channel inactivation, respectively, have been measured as a function of membrane potential and external pH using a three-pulse protocol. alpha h but not beta h is substantially accelerated by reducing external pH from 7.4 to 6.4. The alpha h vs. voltage curve appears to be selectively shifted in the depolarizing direction by approximately 12 mV for this pH change, giving an apparent, h infinity curve shift of approximately 6 mV in the same direction (less inactivation). PMID- 45412 TI - Persistence of improved exercise tolerance and degree of revascularization after coronary bypass surgery. A prospective randomized study. AB - Exercise tolerance was repeatedly determined over a 2-year period in a series of 100 patients with coronary heart disease randomly allocated for medical therapy and coronary bypass surgery. The surgical group had a consistently better exercise tolerance than the medical group during the whole follow-up. Completeness of the revascularization, assessed by repeated graft and native vessel angiography, resulted in a marked improvement whereas incompletely revascularized patients exhibited only a marginal improvement which, nevertheless, to some degree exceeded the result of medical management alone. It is concluded that coronary bypass surgery and medical therapy, when indicated, result in markedly better exercise tolerance than medical management alone. This improvement persists up two years after the operation and is largely dependent on the completeness of the revascularization. PMID- 45413 TI - Determination of the charge of horse kidney metallothionein by free boundary electrophoresis. PMID- 45414 TI - Spectroscopic properties of zinc-metallothionein. PMID- 45415 TI - The 1H N.M.R. spectra of metallothioneins. PMID- 45416 TI - Metallothionein. Proceedings of the "First international Meeting on Metallothionein and Other Low Molecular weight Metal-binding Proteins", Zurich, July 17-22, 1978. PMID- 45417 TI - [Use of a chronomulticorticoid in the treatment of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 45418 TI - Human erythrocyte glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase: structure and function in normal and mutant subjects. PMID- 45420 TI - [Short critical account of Spanish mosquitoes]. PMID- 45419 TI - [Report of the 3d International Conference on the immunology of meningococcal meningitis. Current status of meningococcus B vaccine]. PMID- 45421 TI - Detection and properties of TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulins in patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulins (TBII) have been detected in patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis by using the radioreceptor assay of TSH. In untreated Graves' patients, TBII levels correlated well with thyroidal 99mTc uptake at 30 min and the grade of epithelial hyperplasia of thyroid follicles. There were many Graves' patients whose sera contained high TBII levels but no detectable bioassayable thyroid-stimulating activity (LATS), and in these patients, close correlation was observed between serum levels of TBII and bioassayable LATS-protector activity. TBII were detectable in 2 (10%) of 20 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, both of whom were clinically hypothyroid. The serum or IgG fraction from one of them, however, did not contain any significant LATS, LATS-protector, or human thyroid adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity and caused inhibition of adenylate cyclase stimulation by TSH. In that patient, TBII may be acting to block TSH binding to TSH receptors, thus causing TSH unresponsiveness and hypothyroidism. PMID- 45422 TI - Progress toward understanding and treating diabetic complications. Groton, Connecticut, September 18-19, 1978. PMID- 45424 TI - Papers presented at the First Annual Conference on Shock. Arlie, Virginia, June 1978. PMID- 45425 TI - Recovery of the gastric mucosa from bile-induced injury. AB - Bile salts are known to injure the gastric mucosa and may be involved in the pathogenesis of gastric stress ulceration, a feared sequela of shock. Although the induction of bile injury to the stomach has been extensively studied, recovery from such an injury has not. In the studies reported here the period after removal of bile was examined to see whether the mucosa could return to pre bile-exposure status under various circumstances. Recovery from a bile salt induced injury was studied in three mongrel dogs with Heidenhain pouches. Net acid back diffusion (NABD) was measured with a recirculating system incorporating a pH stat and was measured with a recirculating system incorporating a pH stat and autoburette, and transmucosal electrical potential difference (PD) was measured by usual methods. The effects of exposure to 5 mM taurodeoxycholate at pH 2 for 30 minutes were studied. This exposure increased net acid back diffusion from 23 +/- 5 to 184 +/- 16 micro Eq/10 min (P less than 0.01) and reduced PD from 56 +/- 2 to 18 +/- 2 mV (P less than 0.01). After injury the pouches were copiously irrigated with saline to remove bile, and then recovery was observed as the pouches were perfused with pH 1, 2, or 7 HCl solution made isotonic with NaCl. The recovery values were compared with the same dog's preinjury values at the same pH perfusion. The data showed that at pH 2 and pH 7, PD and NABD returned to preinjury levels within 90 minutes after bile injury. At pH 1, however, recovery did not occur. The pH dependence of recovery from bile-induced injury may have relevance to patients with episodic reflux of bile into the stomach. PMID- 45423 TI - Aldose reductase in diabetic complications of the eye. AB - Aldose reductase (AR) appears to initiate the cataractous process in galactosemic and diabetic animals. Sugars in excess are converted to polyols by lens AR. In sugar cataracts, polyols accumulate to levels substantial enough to cause a hypertonicity leading to lens fiber swelling. All other changes appear secondary to polyol accumulation and lens swelling. The development of sugar cataracts can be duplicated in organ culture. In culture, the various changes that occur were minimized or did not occur when inhibitors of AR were included in the medium. Moreover, AR inhibitors were shown to effectively delay the onset of sugar cataract development in animals. A defect in the corneal epithelium of diabetics became apparent in vitrectomy. One manifestation of this problem was the delay in the reepithelialization of denuded corneas. In examining this problem experimentally, the epithelium was removed from the corneas of diabetic and normal rats. The regeneration of epithelium in corneas of diabetic rats required a longer period than in the normal. The possibility that AR, active in the epithelium, was involved in this phenomenon was investigated. The corneal epithelium was removed from both eyes of a diabetic rat. One eye was treated topically with the AR inhibitor CP-45,634 while the other served as control. The eye treated with CP-45,635 regenerated epithelium much more quickly than the untreated eye. Other AR inhibitors had similar beneficial effects. PMID- 45426 TI - [Community health problems with drinking water dams. Drinking water dam groundwork system in Ostharz]. PMID- 45427 TI - [Forensic medicine in the hospital. 11th Congress of the International Academy of Forensic Medicine and Social Medicine. Lyons, (France) 27-30 August 1979]. PMID- 45428 TI - Frequency and severity of pneumococcal infections. Prevalence in the community population of the city of Tourcoing. PMID- 45429 TI - Viability of some Salmonella strains in Algerian eggs. AB - Whole-egg and egg-white were inoculated with S. typhi murium, S. dublin, S. oranienburg and S. oslo separately and were stored at - 1 degrees C, + 4 degrees C and 26-28 degrees C. pH value was determined every day as well as the survival of the different inoculated Salmonella strains till the end of the experiment. Stored at - 1 degrees C in case of whole-egg, egg-yolk and egg-white, pH values were 7.0, 6.0 and 7.0 while the maximum values were 8.5, 8.0 and 9.0 respectively. The shortest survival period for Salmonella strains was 101 days in whole-egg, 103 days in egg-yolk and 36 days in egg-white, while the longest period was 114, 123 and 59 days respectively. The minimum pH values of whole-egg, egg-yolk and egg-white stored at + 4 degrees C were 6.5, 6.0 and 7.0 while the maximum values were 8.5, 8.5 and 10.0 respectively, 55, 66 and 30 days were the shortest survival periods for Salmonella strains inoculated in whole-egg, egg yolk and egg-white while the maximum periods were 81, 80 and 67 days. The minimum pH values of whole-egg, egg-yolk and egg-white held at room-temperature, were 6.0, 6.0 and 7.5 while the maxima were 8.5, 8.5 and 10.0 respectively. The minimum survival period of the Salmonella strains inoculated in whole-egg, egg yolk and egg-white was 52, 41 and 21 days, while the maximum periods were 63, 52 and 37 days respectively. PMID- 45430 TI - Intracellular signals in the brain. PMID- 45431 TI - The hypophysiotrophic hormones. PMID- 45432 TI - beta-Adrenoceptor blockers in the treatment of hypertension. AB - Clinical drug trials have shown that pindolol, timolol and sotalol are effective hypotensive agents in Nigerians with mild to moderate hypertension (standing diastolic blood pressure below 120 mmHg). There was no significant difference between the three beta-blockers with respect to their antihypertensive effect irrespective of differences in their other pharmacological actions. There was also no correlation between the hypotensive effect of the drugs and the initial blood pressure. Timolol at 30 mg daily had an additive effect to the hypotensive action of binazine, a peripheral vasodilator. Increasing the dose of timolol to 60 mg daily did not produce further fall in the blood pressure. Pindolol at a dose of 30 mg per day also had an additive effect to the hypotensive action of the thiazide diuretics, methyldopa and debrisoquine. There was no significant difference between the hypotensive effect of sotalol and that of methyldopa. The three beta-blockers produced no side effects. This was considered to be a distinct advantage over most of the drugs currently available for treatment of hypertension in Nigeria. PMID- 45433 TI - [Effect of psychotolytic drugs on the heart and their toxic action--ECG analysis of 183 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 45434 TI - 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine lesions of dorsal and median raphe nuclei and performance in the social interaction test of anxiety and in a home-cage aggression test. AB - Micro-injections of the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine into the dorsal raphe nucleus produced a behavioural profile in the social interaction test of anxiety similar to that seen in rats treated chronically with benzodiazepines. Neurotoxin injections into the median raphe nucleus did not produce a profile significantly different from that of the controls. In the control rats and in the rats with lesions of the median raphe nucleus, ACTH1-24 (corticotrophin) significantly reduced active social interactions, whereas it was without effect on the rats with lesions of the dorsal raphe nucleus. In the home-cage intruder test, the median raphe-lesioned rats submitted less to the intruder and stood and jumped on him more often than did the controls. The dorsal raphe-lesioned rats showed significantly fewer interactions of all kinds, compared with control rats when an intruder was placed in their home cages. PMID- 45435 TI - [Bending strength of soldered joints of gold alloys as a function of gap, preheating and cooling time of the investment blocks]. PMID- 45436 TI - [Pulmonary resistance in shock: changes in beta-mimetics]. PMID- 45437 TI - Takayasu's arteritis: possible dysgenesic etiology. AB - A 31-year-old female patient with Takayasu's arteritis and vascular abnormalities is presented. Her dominant symptom was intermittent claudication in the left upper extremity. The arch aortogram and selective angiogram showed obstruction of the left subclavian and axillary arteries, and run-off in the proximal brachial artery. An anomalous common trunk for the innominate and left carotid arteries and a markedly narrowed left vertebral artery were found. A direct surgical attempt at improving the blood supply of the left upper extremity was not deemed feasible. A transthoracic cervicodorsal sympathectomy was done without lasting functional results. The relatively frequent association of aortic arch branching abnormalities, also abnormalities of the thoracic, abdominal aorta, of the coronary, visceral arteries with aortic arch syndrome and other arteriopathies had been noted in several reports. It appears that such uncommon vascular malformations are not without influence upon the development of these forms of obstructive arteritis. The mechanism of the obstructive process is unclear. The possible dygenesic etiology of Takayasu's disease is herein postulated. PMID- 45438 TI - The epidemiology and early detection of alcoholism. PMID- 45439 TI - Management of the geriatric patient in a general hospital. Psychotropic drugs and polypharmacy in elderly patients in a general hospital. PMID- 45440 TI - The lower esophageal sphincter in gastroesophageal reflux in children. AB - Esophageal function was evaluated in 51 children less than 2 years of age with radiologic evidence of gastroesophageal reflux. Detection of an acid esophageal pH was a sensitive measure of gastroesophageal reflux. Lower esophageal sphincter pressures were greater in reflux patients with respiratory symptoms (18.0 +/- 1.4 mm Hg) than in reflux patients without respiratory symptoms (9.5 +/- 1.0 mm Hg). The intra-abdominal segment of the lower esophageal sphincter was shorter in patients with reflux than in controls (0.51 +/- 0.05 cm vs. 0.75 +/- 0.08 cm). It was also shorter in patients requiring surgical therapy (0.34 +/- 0.05 cm) than in those responding to medical therapy (0.63 +/- 0.07 cm). PMID- 45441 TI - [From ideology to practice in continuing education]. PMID- 45442 TI - Effect of the frequency of stimulation on the blocker action of propranolol in isolated rat left atria. AB - The beta-blocking activity of propranolol was studied on the positive inotropic effect of norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol, dopamine and ethylephrine, in the left atrium driven at different rates. Dose of the antagonist of 10(-8) and 10(-7) M did not block the norepinephrine dose-response curve at 1 and 2.8 Hz, but a shift to the right was observed at 1.6 Hz. Although epinephrine showed a significant increase in its pD2 (p less than 0.001) at the lower stimulation frequency, the blockade increased progressively the higher the rates. On the other hand, propranolol antagonized isoproterenol at all the frequencies tested, in spite of an increase in the maxima at 2.8 Hz. This latter behavior was also true for dopamine and ethylephrine. Both sympathomimetic amines were blocked by propranolol at 1 and 1.6 Hz. The complex effect of propranolol on Ca2+ movements and its effects on cAMP and ATPase seem to be superimposed to the beta-blocking activity. Thus, the various actions on the sympathomimetic amines change according to the agonist considered and the stimulation frequency employed. PMID- 45443 TI - Brief behavior therapy with an elderly patient. a case study. PMID- 45444 TI - Effect of pH on growth and respiration of microorganisms isolated from acid soil. PMID- 45445 TI - Neurotransmitters. 8th International Symposium of the Fulton Society. PMID- 45446 TI - Investigation of the relationship between some brain peptides and neurotransmitters. PMID- 45447 TI - Observations within and beyond the boundaries of catecholamine research in psychosis. PMID- 45448 TI - Neurotransmitters dysregulation related to the orthostatic postural activity disorders in case of post-concussional syndrome after head or whiplash injuries. PMID- 45449 TI - Involvement of GABA in the actions of neuropsychotropic drugs. PMID- 45450 TI - Nervous tissue culture--a tool to study uptake and action of neurotransmitters in the human central nervous system. PMID- 45451 TI - Neurotransmitters. PMID- 45452 TI - Functional mechanism of the striatum by integration of nine types of synapses which have at least seven different transmitters. PMID- 45453 TI - [Neurohumoral control of the pineal gland. A model for the study of neuroendocrine integrative processes]. AB - This article discusses the experimental evidence which suggests that the pineal gland and its innervating neurons are useful paradigms for the study of neuroendocrine integrative processes. The obtained results can be summarized as follows: 1) existence of putative receptors for various hormones (estradiol, testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, prolactin) in the mammalian pineal gland; (2) steroid metabolic pattern in the pineal gland resembling other brain areas involved in gonadotrophic regulation; (3) control of pineal estrophilic and androphilic receptors by adrenergic transmitter through beta-adrenergic receptors and at a translational level; (4) denervation supersensitivity of hormone receptors to neurotransmitter; (5) modification of neuronal activity by hormone treatment at ganglionic and preganglionic sites of action; (6) estrophilic binding sites in ganglia; (7) correlation of pineal responsiveness to hormones with activity of sympathetic nerves; (8) modification by hormones of pineal beta-adrenergic mechanisms; (9) dissociation of hormone effects on the pineal gland in those mediated or modulated by changes in afferent neuronal activity and those relatively unaffected by denervation. Collectively these data indicate that neuroendocrine, endocrine-neural and endocrine-endocrine transducing processes occur in the pinealocytes and superior cervical ganglia. PMID- 45454 TI - Transport of organic solutes in the lens. PMID- 45455 TI - Prospects for accelerating hematopoietic recovery following myelosuppressive therapy by using autologous, cryopreserved hematopoietic stem cells collected solely from the peripheral blood. AB - Cryopreserved, autologous stem cells collected from human marrow have been used to accelerate hematopoietic recovery following intensive radiation or chemotherapy. The harvesting of adequate numbers of bone marrow cells for purposes of hematopoietic reconstitution is a potentially morbid procedure and requires the use of general anesthesia and blood transfusion during anesthesia. The ability to accelerate hematopoietic recovery using cells collected solely from the peripheral blood would obviate the requirement for a general anesthetic and avoid the discomfort experienced by patients following the procedure. Collection of hematopoietic stem cells from the peripheral blood should involve limited morbidity and risk and be well suited to repeated application in individual cases. An increasing body of in vitro and in vivo data in animals and man suggests that this goal may soon be within reach. PMID- 45456 TI - Isolation, cryopreservation, and autotransplantation of human stem cells. AB - We have used cryopreserved autologous hematopoietic cells to repopulate bone marrow of patients receiving intensive chemotherapy and radiation. We employed the technique of density step centrifugation to concentrate stem cells from whole bone marrow. The concentrate of cells was frozen in vials using dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) as a cryo-protective agent and was stored in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen. Test vials were thawed and assayed for myeloid stem cells (CFU C) to determine the potential of the larger marrow aliquot. These test values were compared to the recovery of cells and CFU-C when the marrow was used for autotransplantation. The return of hematopoietic function after autotransplantation was evaluated and correlated with the dosage of cells and CFU C infused. PMID- 45457 TI - Processing of peripheral blood stem cells for transplantation. AB - Canines were studied to determine the efficacy of peripheral blood collection by semicontinuous centrifugation to procure sufficient numbers of hematopoietic cells for marrow reconstitution. CFU-C assays on fresh and cryopreserved peripheral blood cells were compared to bone marrow aspirates. Attempts were made to partially separate hematopoietic cells from immunocompetent cells during buffy coat collection and by incubation with activated cyclophosphamide. Yields from 4 runs of semicontinuous centrifugation averaged 1.7 x 10(5) CFU-C compared to 1.9 x 10(5) CFU-C for standard marrow aspiration. Ratios of approximately 5/1 marrow to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) were found. Autologous transplantation with 1.6 x 10(4) CFU-C per kg resulted in evidence of marrow reconstitution within two weeks following otherwise lethal chemotherapy. Recovery of CFU-C following cryo-preservation was 82% for marrow and 78% for peripheral blood. Selective depression of MLC activity occurred when peripheral blood MNC were incubated for 30 minutes with activated cyclophosphamide. MLC was inhibited by greater than 90% while 70% of CFU-Cs were retained. It was concluded that peripheral blood may be a practical alternative to marrow for transplantation studies. PMID- 45458 TI - Autologous stem cell reconstitution and the intensive therapy of resistant solid tumors in man. PMID- 45459 TI - Granulocyte function during short term liquid storage. PMID- 45460 TI - Neuroendocrine modulation of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone in man. AB - Recent evidence suggests that of calcitonin (CT) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) is controlled by factors other than the ambient serum calcium concentration. We studied the effects of infusions of four neuroendocrine modulators upon CT and PTH levels: isoproterenol (beta-adrenergic agonist), methoxamine (alpha adrenergic agonist), prostaglandin E2, and somatostatin. Isoproterenol was a consistent secretagogue for both hormones. Maximal CT increments during isoproterenol infusion in normal subjects were 13 +/- 2 pg/ml (mean +/- SEM, n = 6, P less than 0.001; basal, 26 +/- 5). Maximal increments in PTH were 113 +/- 22 pg/ml (P less than 0.01, n = 6; basal, 430 +/- 11). Infusions of methoxamine increased CT by 13 +/- 5 pg/ml (n = 5, P less than 0.05; basal, 43 +/- 13), but had no effect on PTH. The means of the maximal CT increments during isoproterenol (21 +/- 8 pg/ml) and methoxamine infusion (28 +/- 11 pg/ml) were not statistically different from those achieved by acute elevations of serum calcium levels within the physiological range (41 +/- 23 pg/ml). Infusions of somatostatin and prostaglandin E2 had no or only transient effects on basal or stimulated CT or PTH levels. Our data suggest that adrenergic input modulates CT and PTH secretion in humans independently of changes in serum calcium. PMID- 45461 TI - In vitro effect of dopamine and pimozide on human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) secretion. AB - In human placental explants cultured in vitro, dopamine inhibited human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) secretion into the culture media. In the control flasks, the level of hCS secretion was 130.5 +/- 7.8 micrograms/g tissue (n = 6). When 1 mM dopamine was added, hCS levels decreased to 80.2 +/- 11.5 micrograms/g tissue (P less than 0.01). Dopamine (5 and 10 mM) further lowered hCS levels. In contrast, 1 mM pimozide enhanced hCS secretion by 2-fold as compared to control levels (248.2 +/- 44.8 vs. 130.5 +/- 7.8, P less than 0.02). The simultaneous addition of dopamine did not alter the stimulatory effect of pimozide on hCS secretion. In separate experiments, arginine (1 and 5 mM) and somatostatin (1 microgram/ml culture media) did not alter hCS secretion from placental explants. These results suggest that hCS secretion is modulated by dopaminergic receptors. PMID- 45462 TI - Zoological specificity of human thyroid-stimulating antibody. AB - The zoological specificity of human thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) that occurs in the blood in Graves' disease was examined by assessing its effect on the thyroid of the dog, guinea pig, calf, and mouse as well as that of man. With all but murine glands, thyroid stimulation was assayed by measuring the increase in the concentration of cAMP in the thyroid slices or fragments after 2 h of incubation in buffer containing TSAb. Effects on the thyroid of the mouse were monitored by the in vivo bioassay for LATS. Sera from 33 patients with Graves' disease were obtained and concentrates of TSAb were prepared by precipitation of IgG with 1.64 M (NH4)2SO4. These all stimulated the human thyroid, 13 were LATS positive, and they variably affected the tissues of other species; of 27 tested, 14 stimulated the thyroid of the dog, 8 out of 23 stimulated the thyroid of the guinea pig, and 12 out of 16 stimulated the gland of the calf. The more potent the TSAb as assayed with human tissue, the more likely was it to stimulate other species of thyroid; however, frequent exceptions occurred. In a separate analysis of 35 LATS-positive preparations of TSAb, correlation between the responses in the LATS and human thyroid slice assays was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). The data are compatible with the view that stimulation by TSAb of nonhuman thyroids, including the murine as in the LATS bioassay, reflects cross reaction of this immunoglobulin with an antigen that has sufficient similarity to the human molecule to be recognized by the human antibody. PMID- 45463 TI - Effect of the dopamine agonist, lergotrile mesylate, on circulating anterior pituitary hormones in man. AB - The effects of the ergoline derivative, lergotrile mesylate, on the serum levels of PRL, GH, TSH, LH, FSH, cortisol, and blood sugar were studied in six normal males. The effects of lergotrile mesylate on the serum levels of GH and PRL were also studied in eight patients with acromegaly and in two with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. In the normal subjects, 2 mg oral lergotrile lowered basal PRL levels after 90 min and markedly impaired the PRL response to TRH (200 micrograms iv); the mean peak value +/- SE was 8.3 +/- 1.1 micrograms/liter, compared to the control value of 66.6 /+- 11.3 micrograms/liter. Lergotrile raised serum GH levels in five of the six subjects to peaks of 8-49 micrograms/liter, compared to 2-8 micrograms/liter after placebo. In three subjects, the GH response to lergotrile was attenuated by the prior administration of the dopamine antagonist, metoclopramide (10 mg orally). Lergotrile had no effect on FSH and LH levels under basal conditions or after the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH; 100 micrograms iv). Circulating TSH levels were unaltered basally but impaired after TRH. Blood sugar levels were unaltered; serum cortisol was elevated in five of six subjects; there was a brief depression of diastolic blood pressure, but no change in pulse rate. The side effects after lergotrile were variable, with drowsiness as a consistent feature. These actions are similar to those of bromocriptine (an ergot derivative treatment of hyperprolactinemia and acromegaly, to suppress PRL and GH secretion, and in parkinsonism. Therefore, it may be expected that lergotrile could fulfill these clinical uses; however, in the studies comparing the effects of single oral doses of lergotrile (2 mg) and bromocriptine (2.5 mg) on GH and PRL secretion in patients with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia, lergotrile in the dose used has been found to have an earlier onset and shorter duration of action. PMID- 45464 TI - Failure of alpha-methyltyrosine to inhibit peripheral triiodothyronine formation. AB - To determine if the adrenergic nervous system, and specifically tyrosine hydroxylase, plays a role in the extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3, normal male volunteers were treated with T4 and subsequently with T4 and alpha-methyl-p tyrosine (alpha-MPT), an inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase, for 2 weeks. The mean serum T4 and T3 concentrations increased during T4 administration and remained at the same levels during combined T4 and alpha-MPT administration. Urinary vanillylmandelic acid excretion declined significantly during alpha-MPT administration. These results do not support the hypothesis that tyrosine hydroxylase is involved in extrathyroidal T3 production. PMID- 45465 TI - GH secretion in two siblings with Laron's dwarfism: the effects of glucose, arginine, somatostatin, and bromocryptine. AB - The secretion of GH in two siblings with clinical dwarfism and high GH plasma levels (the mean of several basal values; 233.83 ng/ml in patient A and 178.16 in patient B has been studied with several dynamic tests. An arginine infusion increased GH levels in both cases (+193.55% for A, +140.27% for B). No significant modifications were obtained with oral glucose tolerance test +18.70% for A, +24.32% for B). A bolus of somatostatin almost completely prevented the rise in GH levels in response to arginine. Pretreatment with bromocryptine clearly increased basal GH plasma levels (A, +58.66%; B, +56.03%) and the response to arginine. As in the case of a normal hypothalamus, the hypothalamus of Laron's syndrome responds to arginine and bromocryptine, with GH elevations. Somatostatin suppresses GH levels. A lack of response to glucose can be considered as a nonspecific effect of the very low biological activity of the stimulus in a hyperstimulated hypothalamus. We suggest that GH secretion by the hypothalmo pituitary system in Laron's syndrome is normal, and that GH hyperproduction may be due to a generalized defect in GH receptors or to the low levels of somatomedin. PMID- 45466 TI - Impaired pancreatic polypeptide secretion in chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 45467 TI - Inhibitory effect of guanfacine, a central alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, on prolactin secretion stimulated by insulin-induced hypoglycemia. AB - In six normal male volunteers oral administration of an alpha-receptor agonist, guanfacine (1 mg/q.i.d. for 4 days), had no effect on PRL release induced by 5 mg metoclopramide iv. The same treatment with quanfacine in six other normal subjects significantly reduced PRL secretion stimulated by insulin-induced hypoglycemia (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that an adrenergic pathway, hypothalamic or extrahypothalamic, might be involved in the inhibitory control of PRL secretion. PMID- 45468 TI - A comparison of cold and acid activation of big renin and of inactive renin in normal plasma. AB - Normal human plasma contains "inactive renin," whose ability to generate angiotensin I increases after exposure to pH 3.3. Big renin is a partially inactive enzyme of larger molecular weight, which is also activated at pH 3.3, and is found of pregnant women, and in amniotic fluid, but not in normal plasma. We have compared the effects of acid exposure and storage at 4 and -4 C on normal plasma and plasma containing big renin. The concentration of inactive renin in normal plasma was approximately equal to that of normal active renin, and its activity increased slowly on prolonged standing at -4 but not 4 C. In contrast, the activity of big renin increased by 50% as early as 1-3 days at 4 C and increased even more quickly at -4 C. Acid treatment of plasma containing big renin caused 4-10 times greater increase in active renin than similar treatment of normal plasma. During gel filtration, both cold-activated and previously acidified big renin coeluted with unactivated big renin. These data indicate that big renin is highly susceptible to cold or acid activation and that such activation of big renin does not result in a detectable decrease in its molecular weight of 60,000 daltons. Furthermore, acid and cold seem to activate the same pool of inactive renin in normal plasma. Although both normal and big renin are stable for long periods below -20 C, a serious overestimate of plasma renin activity can occur if plasma is stored just above its freezing point before assay. PMID- 45469 TI - Effect of dopamine agonist (Lergotrile mesylate) therapy on twenty-four hour secretion of prolactin in treated Parkinson's disease. AB - Plasma PRL was measured at 20-min intervals in six patients with Parkinson's disease under various treatment protocols. In addition, 24-h mean GH levels were measured. The results of these studies showed that two untreated patients with Parkinson's disease had normal 24-h mean PRL levels with the normal increase during sleep. During chronic treatment with L-dopa-carbidopa (Sinemet), the 24-h PRL level was 12.8 +/- 4.9 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) and there was persistence of augmented PRL secretion during sleep. The 24-h mean GH level ranged from 1.5-4.4 ng/ml, with a mean of 2.5 ng/ml. The addition of a dopamine agonist (Lergotrile mesylate) resulted in a significant (P less than 0.01) suppression of the 24-h mean PRL levels and abolition of the normal sleep augmentation after 2 weeks of therapy. This suppression was maintained in one patient who was restudied 4 months after the addition of dopamine agonist therapy to L-dopa-carbidopa. The 24 h mean GH levels did not change significantly after the addition of the dopamine agonist when compared to L-dopa-carbidopa alone. These results suggest a dichotomy between the PRL and GH responses to combined L-dopa-carbidopa and dopamine agonist therapy. In addition, the preservation of normal PRL regulation in the two untreated patients with Parkinson's disease suggests that dopaminergic neurons are not universally affected in this disorder. PMID- 45470 TI - Thyrotropin receptors in normal and pathological human thyroid tissues. AB - The properties of TSH receptors in normal and pathological human thyroid tissues were studied. Highly purified bovine TSH after lactoperoxidase iodination retained full biological activity, as assessed by radioreceptor assay. Binding of bovine [125I]TSH to 1000 x g pellets of human thyroid homogenate was specific with respect to hormone and tissue. Total binding amounted to 50-60% of total radioactivity using 10 mg (wet weight) normal thyroid tissue. Nonspecific binding was only 6% of total radioactivity. Normal thyroid tissue contained two orders of binding sites, which were shown to be independent of each other by Hill plot analysis. The high affinity sites [equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd), 0.015 0.16 x 10-9 M] were present in concentrations of 1.05-9.30 pmol/mg protein and concentrations of low affinity sites (Kd, 1.2-2.4 x 10-9 M) were 35.9-213 pmol/mg. In all pathological thyroid tissue studied, two orders of binding sites were found with dissociation constants similar to those of normal tissues, but the number of binding sites was markedly reduced. Both orders of binding sites in solitary "cold" adenomas and only the low affinity sites in thyroid tissue from patients with Graves' disease were significantly reduced in number (P less than 0.01). There was a questionable decrease in high affinity sites in the Graves' tissue (P = 0.05). We have found the definite presence but a decreased number of binding sites in both orders of receptors in papillary and follicular carcinomas. There were few or no binding sites in medullary carcinoma. PMID- 45471 TI - Failure of somatostatin to affect human chorionic somatomammotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin secretion in vitro. AB - The effect of somatostatin (SRIF) on human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) secretion was studied in human placental explants cultured in vitro. In the experimental flasks, SRIF was added in a concentration of 10, 100, and 1000 ng/ml media; hCS levels measured by RIA were not different from those found in the control flasks. In separate experiments, we investigated the action of SRIF on hCG secretion by a human malignant choriocarcinoma cell line maintained in tissue culture. SRIF (1000 ng/ml) did not inhibit basal or dibutyryl cAMP-induced stimulation of hCG secretion. These results suggest that somatostatin does not suppress hCS or hCG release in vitro from normal or malignant trophoblast, respectively. PMID- 45473 TI - Somatostatin inhibits thyroid hormone secretion induced by exogenous TSH in man. AB - The effect of somatostatin on thyroid hormone secretion stimulated by TSH in man was studied. The injection of TSH into a thyroid artery during surgery was followed by an increase in the serum concentration of iodothyronines in the corresponding thyroid vein. This increase was significantly lower (p less than 0.02) when somatostatin was given as a bolus injection into a peripheral vein 5 min prior to the administration of TSH, and followed by a continuous infusion for 60 min. Since somatostatin-like immunoreactivity has been localized to some cells of the thyroid gland being in a parafollicular location, it is suggested that somatostatin may be an intrathyroidal regulator of thyroid activity in man. PMID- 45472 TI - Persistent stimulatory effect of glucagon on glucose production despite downregulation. AB - The rise and subsequent return to basal of glucose production (Ra) during a constant glucagon infusion ("downregulation") has suggested to some workers that glucagon's effects are evanescent. To examine whether glucagon displays persistent biological activity even after downregulation, 6 healthy males received an 8 hour infusion of somatostatin and glucagon, with 3H-3-glucose to measure glucose turnover. Ra rose from 2.8 +/- 0.3 to 4.2 +/- 0.3 mg/kg . min at 90 minutes, returned to basal levels at 150 minutes, and remained at this level for the ensuing 330 minutes. Six additional subjects received an 8 hour somatostatin infusion, with glucagon administered concomitantly for the first 5 hours. Glucagon withdrawal at 5 hours produced an immediate decline in Ra from 1.8 +/- 0.2 to 0.9 +/- 0.2 mg/kg . min. Thus, even after downregulation the maintenance of basal Ra is dependent on circulating glucagon. PMID- 45474 TI - Serum protein inhibition of thyrotropin binding to human thyroid tissue. AB - We used a modification of the TSH radioreceptor assay to detect TSH-binding inhibition (TBI) activity in serum and serum fractions from normal subjects and patients with Graves' disease. TBI activity is present in normal IgG prepared by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography and in normal globulins prepared by precipitation at 1.6 M ammonium sulfate. Other normal serum proteins also had TBI activity when large concentrations were tested. Gel filtration chromatography and powder block electrophoresis were used to prepare fractions of normal and Graves' disease sera. In these fractions from normal serum. TBI activity was found in both gamma globulin and alpha-globulin-albumin fractions electrophoretically and in both 7S and 4S peaks from gel filtration. TBI activity from Graves' disease patients' sera was similarly distributed, but relatively more TBI accompanied the electrophoretic gamma-globulins. Sepharose Protein-A and anti-IgG were used as immunoabsorbents to isolate and purify IgG from normal and Graves' disease sera. TBI activity in IgG was proportional to the IgG concentration, indicating that the TBI which migrates as a gamma-globulin electrophoretically is an IgG and thus may possibly be an antibody. Inhibitory activity found in normal serum globulins and the non-IgG fractions of both normal and abnormal sera seriously interferes with attempts to use the TSH radioreceptor assay to study the hypothesized anti TSH, receptor antibody in the serum of patients with Graves' disease. PMID- 45477 TI - Granulocyte biochemistry and a hydrogen peroxide-dependent microbicidal system. PMID- 45476 TI - Disorders of phagocyte function: biochemical aspects. AB - Intensive laboratory investigation of patients with recurrent infections, and with infections with microbial species not usually considered to be pathogenic, have led to the identification of several defects in granulocyte function. The two functions of granulocytes which have received most attention in the past decade have been locomotion (especially response to chemotactic stimulation) and microbicidal activity. Defective granulocyte chemotaxis has been demonstrated in patients with clinical manifestations suggesting abnormalities related to vasoactive amines, i.e., patients with eczema and extreme IgE hyperimmunoglobulinemia. The depressed granulocyte chemotactic responsiveness found in these patients can be reproduced in vitro when histamine and beta adrenergic agents are incubated with control granulocytes. Since these compounds have been shown to increase levels of intracellular cyclic AMP in other cells, there appears to be an association between cyclic nucleotide metabolism and regulation of granulocyte locomotion. Defective granulocyte microbicidal activity is found in patients with chronic granulomatous disease and it has been shown that there is little increase in oxidative metabolism during phagocytosis by these cells. Methods for quantitating the oxidative metabolism of granulocytes and monocytes include oxygen uptake, reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, formate oxidation, and chemiluminescence response during phagocytosis. Since products of oxygen metabolism, i.e., hydrogen peroxide, superoxide or singlet oxygen do not accumulate in granulocyte phagocytic vacuoles, intracellular microbes are not killed (except bacterial species that produce hydrogen peroxide). The biochemical basis for defective oxidative metabolism in granulocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease appears to be associated with abnormal nucleotide oxidase activity. PMID- 45478 TI - Failure of total calcium corrected for protein, albumin, and pH to correctly assess free calcium status. AB - The clinical effectiveness of published algorithms in correcting serum total calcium (CaT) for the effects of protein, albumin, and pH was tested. Corrected calcium (CaC) values obtained by 13 of these methods were compared with values of measured free calcium (CaF) in 55 samples from normal controls and 404 samples from patients with various disorders of calcium metabolism. Three criteria were used to compare either CaC or CaT with measured CaF: 1) the correlation coefficient, 2) the average absolute deviation from measured CaF of the values of CaF predicted by the linear regression of CaF on each CaC, and 3) the number of samples in which CaC or CaT gave a different impression of normality than measured CaF. Application of the 13 published algorithms produced varied results, but none produced substantially better agreement between CaC and CaF than was found between CaT and CaF. The application of additional algorithms derived by multiple linear regression using our data base gave slightly better results than any of the published algorithms, but many values of CaC remained which were disparate from the measured value of CaF. Correction of measured total calcium by using other concurrently obtained chemistry values does not seem to adequately predict calcium status as measured by free calcium. PMID- 45479 TI - The arteriographic manifestations of Takayasu's arteritis in children. AB - Eighteen cases of Takayasu's arteritis in children under 14 years of age are described, emphasising the arteriographic features and noting differences with other series. Renal artery stenosis resulting in renal hypertension was the most significant finding but widespread involvement of the aorta and its main branches with predominantly stenotic lesions was also found. Total aortography is mandatory in these cases as without it the correct diagnosis cannot be made. PMID- 45480 TI - Current status of semen preservation in the ram, boar and stallion. AB - From the studies cited it was concluded that short and long term preservation of stallion semen has encountered major obstacles. Fertilizing capacity of extended or extended and cooled spermatozoa has been impaired. With the hydrogen ion extenders, the fertility was depressed either with or without glycerol when the semen was inseminated immediately after extension. With the cream-gel extender, fertility was not impaired when inseminated immediately after extension, but was impaired after storage at 5 C for 24 hr or in the presence of glycerol. The fertilizing capacity of extended frozen spermatozoa particularly from some stallions has been more adversely affected than that of others. These studies show that the pregnancy rate range was from 50 to 80% for raw semen from the same stallion used in the frozen studies. Pregnancy rate with this magnitude of difference must be carefully weighed in applying the results from a few stallions to the population. Sufficient information has been generated to suggest that the preservation of stallion spermatozoa is possible but the fertilizing capacity is impaired. Causes of this impairment must be further investigated. When this is accomplished, the number of motile spermatozoa needed per insemination and the frequency of insemination required for optimal fertilization reported in this review must then be reevaluated. PMID- 45481 TI - Requirements for blastocyst development in vitro. AB - Four characteristics of culture medium that are important to embryo development and nutrition of the blastocyst have been discussed. An examination of several of the most commonly used media for embryo culture demonstrates many similarities among them. The milliosmolarities of the media range from the hypoosmotic optimums (256 milliosmols) demonstrated in several in vitro studies to the physiologic range (308 to 315 milliosmols). Media between these extremes generally allow good development. Low oxygen concentrations (5%) in the culture environment allow somewhat better development of early cleavage stages, but recent studies suggest the difference between development in 5 and 20% oxygen to be less than originally thought. The media most commonly employed for early embryo culture contain bicarbonate as the buffer, but maintenance of pH is probably not the most crucial role of the CO2-bicarbonate content of the media. Likewise, since 1965 almost all media used to culture embryos have used pyruvate as the primary energy source. This is particularly important when early stages, before blastocyst development, are cultured. The concentration used generally falls within the optimum range of 2.5 to 5.0 X 10(-4)M first reported. Although glucose is not oxidized well by the early cleavage stages, it is an important energy source for all blastocysts. Furthermore, glucose contributes more than any other carbon source, including amino acids, to protein formation. Much is yet to be learned concerning the nutrition of the blastocyst, but our knowledge has increased immensely during the last 15 years. Hopefully our progress will be at least as rapid in the coming decade. PMID- 45482 TI - Possible changes in striatal and limbic cholinergic systems in schizophrenia. AB - Enzymes concerned with neurotransmitter metabolism were measured postmortem in 50 regions from the brains of 11 chronic schizophrenics, 2 patients with senile dementia, 1 depressive, and 18 controls. Enzymes studied were tyrosine hydroxylase, dopa decarboxylase, glutamic decarboxylase, choline acetyltransferase (CAT), and acetylcholinesterase. The schizophrenic group had high CAT activities in the hippocampus, caudate, putamen, and nucleus accumbens; the other patients from the same hospital did not. A compensatory response to long- or short-term drug usage is considered, but correlations are hard to establish in the group studied. An alternative hypothesis proposes that the high levels are a compensatory response to defective cholinergic receptors in the affected areas. On this hypothesis, and by analogy with chorea, dopaminergic antagonists would act in schizophrenia by helping to reestablish cholinergic dopaminergic balance. PMID- 45483 TI - Observations on biphasic bronchial reactions due to inhalation of enzymes of Bacillus subtilis. AB - The effect of disodium cromoglycate, thiazinamium and prednisone on immediate and late type allergic bronchial reactions was studied in four patients with biphasic bronchial obstruction due to inhalation of Bacillus subtilis enzymes. The immediate reaction (type 1 allergy) was not influenced by any of these drugs. Disodium cromoglycate seemed to ameliorate the late reaction, which was very much depressed by prednisone. Thiazinamium, an antihistamine drug, did not alter the immediate nor the late phase of the reaction. The data suggest that the pathogenetical mechanism involved in Bacillus subtilis allergy may differ from that initiating bronchial reactions to pollen or house dust. PMID- 45484 TI - Mandibular fractures. II. A follow-up study of 229 patients. AB - During the period 1964-73, 286 patients were treated for mandibular fractures. 229 patients (80%) attended the follow-up examination. The length of observation was from 1 to 9 years. The treatment and the follow-up evaluations in the 229 patients are described. Early fracture treatment has been the objective, also in patients who have undergone severe cerebral traumas. Antibiotic prophylaxis was implemented in cases of compound fractures. Preservation of teeth and tooth buds in the line of fracture was attempted. Clinical infection occurred in 0.4% of the patients. At the follow-up examination 1 patient presented with a fracture displacement outside the condylar process. Neither malocclusion nor pseudarthrosis following fracture or after treatment were seen. Permanent sensory disturbances in the innervation area of the mental nerve following fracture occurred in 8%. Radiological examination of the teeth in the line of fracture revealed unnoticed apical bone lesions in 17% of 118 patients. In a further 23% there was a negative response to the vitality test. Follow-up control of mandibular fractures is advised at 12 to 18 months after treatment. PMID- 45485 TI - Relation between cell wall turnover and cell growth in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The kinetics of cell wall turnover in Bacillus subtilis have been examined in detail. After pulse labeling of the peptidoglycan with N-acetylglucosamine, the newly formed peptidoglycan is stable for approximately three-quarters of a generation and is then degraded by a process that follows first-order kinetics. Deprivation of an auxotroph of amino acids required for protein synthesis results in a cessation of turnover. If a period of amino acid starvation occurs during the lag phase of turnover, then the initiation of turnover is delayed for a period of time equivalent to the starvation period. During amino acid starvation, new cell wall peptidoglycan is synthesized and added to preexisting cell wall. This peptidoglycan after resumption of growth is also subject to degradation (turnover). It is suggested that cell wall turnover is dependent on cell growth and elongation. Several possible control mechanisms for cell wall autolytic enzymes are discussed in light of these observations. PMID- 45486 TI - Regulation of accumulation and turnover of an inducible glutamate dehydrogenase in synchronous cultures of Chlorella. AB - Earlier studies indicated that the gene of an ammonium-inducible glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was inducible throughout the cell cycle and was expressible shortly after replication early in the S-phase in synchronous Chlorella cells growing at a rate of 13% per h in the absence of inducer. In the present study, synchronous cells cultured at the same growth rate in the continuous presence of inducer accumulated this enzyme in a linear manner, with a positive rate change observed late instead of early in the S-phase. At a growth rate of 26% per h, the positive rate change appeared to be displaced to 1.5 h before the S-phase in the next cell cycle. With 2'-deoxyadenosine, an in vivo inhibitor of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, the magnitude of the positive rate change was shown to be proportional to the relative increase in DNA in the previous cell cycle. Collectively, these data support the idea that expression of newly replicated genes of this enzyme can be delayed into the subsequent cell cycle in cells in the continuous presence of inducer. Studies with cycloheximide indicated that the inducible GDH and another GDH isozyme were stable in fully induced cells in the absence of protein synthesis. However, after ammonium was removed from the culture medium, the activity of the inducible GDH decreased rapidly in vivo, with a half-time of 5 to 10 min at 38.5 degrees C, whereas the rate of accumulation of the other GDH isozyme did not change. Addition of cycloheximide, at the time of inducer removal, prevented this loss in activity of the inducible GDH. The inability to rescue the activity of the inducible GDH, by readdition of ammonium during the deinduction period, indicates that this enzyme probably underwent irreversible inactivation and/or proteolytic degradation. PMID- 45487 TI - Two pools of glycogen in Saccharomyces. AB - The effect of different extraction procedures on the yields of water-soluble and water-insoluble glycogen fractions from a number of Saccharomyces strains was studied by using a specific method for glycogen determination. The similarity of the yields obtained by the different procedures showed that neither form of glycogen is an artifact, and variations in the relative amounts of glycogen in the two fractions during cell growth and in different yeast strains suggest that they represent different pools of storage material with specific roles in cell development and differentiation. A proportion of the water-insoluble glycogen fraction, solubilized by mechanical agitation, was shown to be strongly associated with a beta-glucan-like polysaccharide that may be a cell wall component. PMID- 45488 TI - Enzymatic methyl esterification of Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins. AB - Enzymatic methyl ester formation in Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins was observed. Alkali lability of the methylated proteins and derivatization of the methyl groups as methyl esters of 3,5-dinitrobenzoate indicate the presence of protein methyl esters. The esterification reaction occurs predominantly on the 30S ribosomal subunit, with protein S3 as the major esterified protein. When the purified 30S subunit was used as the methyl acceptor, protein S9 was also found to be esterified. The enzyme responsible for the esterification of free carboxyl groups in proteins, protein methylase II (S-adenosyl-L-methionine:protein carboxyl methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.24), was identified in E. coli Q13. This enzyme is extremely unstable when compared with that from mammalian origin. By molecular sieve chromatography, E. coli protein methylase II showed multiple peaks, with a major broad peak around 120,000 daltons and several minor peaks in the lower-molecular-weight region. Rechromatography of the major enzyme peak showed activities in several fractions that are much lower in molecular weight. The substrate specificity of the E. coli enzyme is similar to that of the mammalian enzyme. The Km value for S-adenosyl-L-methionine is 1.96 X 10(-6) M, and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine was found to be a competitive inhibitor, with a Ki value of 1.75 X 10(-6) M. PMID- 45490 TI - The value of pulsus paradoxus in assessing the child with status asthmaticus. AB - The presence of pulsus paradoxus (PP) in 13 episodes of status asthmaticus in 12 children, ages 13 months to 15 years, was compared sequentially to a clinical score, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), heart rate, arterialized capillary pH, carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2), and the ratio of inspired oxygen to oxygen pressure (FIO2)/PO2) during the first 48 hours following admission. There was a significant correlation (P less than .01) between the presence of a PP (greater than or equal to 5 mm Hg) and the clinical score (r = .79), PEFR (r = .55), and heart rate (r = .49). This was particularly striking when the PP was greater than or equal to 20 mm Hg. There was no significant correlation between the mean PP and the PCO2 or FIO2/PO2 ratio. However, a mean PCO2 exceeding 40 mm Hg was associated with a highly significant (P less than .005) difference in mean PP (22.2 mm Hg) compared to the mean PP (12.2 mm Hg) when the PCO2 was below 40 mm Hg. Although the PP technique can easily be learned by physician and nursing personnel, there are potential problems. The difficulties in children are compared to those in adults. The PP is a valuable clinical tool in assessing the severity of airway obstruction in status asthmaticus. The presence of a PP, particularly greater than 20 mm Hg, is associated with moderate to severe airway obstruction. In conjunction with the overall clinical status of the patient and frequent blood gas determinations, the PP allows for better evaluation of the patient with status asthmaticus. PMID- 45489 TI - Isolation and characterization of a polynucleotide phosphorylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. AB - Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BaM-2 produces large amounts of extracellular enzymes, and the synthesis of these proteins appears to be dependent upon abnormal ribonucleic acid metabolism. A polynucleotide phosphorylase (nucleoside diphosphate:polynucleotide nucleotidyl transferase) was identified, purified, and characterized from this strain. The purification scheme involved cell disruption, phase partitioning, differential (NH4)2SO4 solubilities, agarose gel filtration, and diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex chromatography. The purified enzyme demonstrated the reactions characteristic of polynucleotide phosphorylase: polymerization, phosphorolysis, and inorganic phosphate exchange with the beta-phosphate of a nucleotide diphosphate. The enzyme was apparently primer independent and required a divalent cation. The reactions for the synthesis of the homopolyribonucleotides, (A)n and (G)n, were optimized with respect to pH and divalent cation concentration. The enzyme is sensitive to inhibition by phosphate ion and heparin and is partially inhibited by rifamycin SV and synthetic polynucleotides. PMID- 45491 TI - Systolic hypertension and cardiac mortality of Takayasu's aortoarteritis. AB - Long-term observations of a 35-year-old woman who died from refractory congestive heart failure due to Takayasu's aortoarteritis are reported. Severe systolic hypertension was documented in the pre-pulseless phase. After the loss of all limb pulses, but relative sparing of carotid vessels, serial ophthalmodynamometric retinal pressures suggested that central aortic pressure remained high during her terminal cardiac illness. Postmortem pathologic examination showed a narrowed, severely atherosclerotic aorta with variable occlusions of all branch vessels. The loss of capacitance and volume of the aorta appears to be the cause of systolic hypertension and refractory pump failure of the left ventricle. PMID- 45492 TI - Takayasu's arteritis: an unrecognized cause of pulmonary hypertension. AB - Pulmonary arteritis and secondary pulmonary hypertension are common in patients with Takayasu's arteritis. These sequelae of arteritis have not been previously emphasized in the literature. In some patients, particularly young and middle aged women, disproportionately severe involvement of the pulmonary arteries may be the cause of pulmonary hypertension of unknown etiology. PMID- 45493 TI - Assessment of clinical laboratory techniques in the measurement of oxygen saturation in whole blood. AB - The accuracy and advantages of determining percentage of hemoglobin oxygen saturation of whole blood by advanced instruments of oximetry, gas chromatography, and the computation of oxygen saturation from pO2 and pH data are compared with the Van Slyke-Neill manometric method. It was found that oximetry is extremely fast, less expensive, and more accurate than in the past, the apparatus requires little training to operate and has diminutive service maintenance. The gas chromatograph proved to be highly accurate and could serve as a standard calibration check method in place of the more time-consuming Van Slyke-Neill apparatus for oximetry and pO2 and pH electrode instrumentation. Computation of O2 saturation from pO2 and pH data also proved to be accurate, confirming that this method is more useful during cardiac surgery because it can provide additional acid-base information. In the low oxygen saturation range (less than 60%), all three methods proved to be of similar sensitivity. PMID- 45494 TI - Purification and properties of beta-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Beta-Lactamase activity was detected either biologically or using the chromogenic cephalosporin 87/312 in 20 clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis with penicillin G minimal inhibitory concentrations of 10 to 100 micrograms/ml. Strain AM78 (minimal inhibitory concentration, greater than 1,000 micrograms/ml) was used to optimize the conditions for production, assay, and storage of the enzyme. The enzymes are cell associated, with less than 1% of activity being found in culture fluids during growth, and can be released from the cell surface by modified osmotic shock procedure. This procedure causes concomitant release of cyclic phosphodiesterase activity. Substrate profiles and the effects of inhibitors were determined for enzymes partially purified by osmotic shock release and gel filtration. The enzymes are cephalosporinases with some penicillinase activity and are inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, cloxacillin, and carbenicillin. The molecular weight, as determined by gel filtration, is 29,000 to 31,000. A method for the purification of the beta-lactamase from strain AM78 is described: the specific activity of the purified enzyme was 3,424 U/mg, about 3,000-fold that of the crude, cell-associated enzyme. PMID- 45495 TI - Approach to systemic vasculitis. AB - Systemic vasculitis is a confusing subject which has been difficult to classify and understand. Improvements in therapy increase the importance of early diagnosis. This paper reviews the clinical and pathological differences of the systemic vasculitides, and a working approach to the differential diagnosis of vasculitis is formulated based on the size of the vessel involved. Vessel size and histopathology determine to what group of diseases a particular syndrome belongs, thereby allowing subclassification and a more rational approach to management. PMID- 45496 TI - Intravenous abuse of propylhexedrine. AB - Propylhexedrine, a local vasoconstrictor, is the active ingredient in the Benzedrex nasal inhaler. In a six-month period, the Office of the Medical Examiner of Dallas County has encountered three deaths resulting from intravenous injection of propylhexedrine. Two of these individuals showed vascular changes in the lungs, apparently from chronic intravenous injections of this drug. Body distribution of the drug was determined in all of the cases by gas chromatographic analysis. An experiment was conducted to determine "therapeutic blood concentrations" in which a normal subject inhaled propylhexedrine from the Benzedrex inhaler. The maximum blood concentration was only 1/30 of the minimum concentration encountered in the reported cases. PMID- 45497 TI - Human penetrating keratoplasty using modified M-K medium. AB - Preservation of donor tissue for human keratoplasty has been evaluated using modified M-K medium. The medium has been modified by changing the antibiotic and buffer and adding a pH indicator. These changes offered theoretical and practical advantages. There were no primary donor failures in 50 consecutive penetrating keratoplasties with an overall success rate of 92 percent. Clinical specular microscopy revealed good endothelial cell survival. PMID- 45498 TI - Interoceptive conditioning through repeated suppression of morphine-abstinence. II. Relapse-testing. AB - The reinforcing properties of etonitazene, both conditioned and unconditioned, were measured in rats that had received saline only by continuous intravenous infusion ("saline" group) and in two groups of rats that had been physically dependent on morphine to equal degrees (and presumably had developed equal degrees of tolerance to morphine): one by once daily passive intravenous injection of morphine ("injection" group) and the other by passive continuous intravenous morphine infusion at the same daily doses for approximately the same number of days ("infusion" group). Prior to passive saline and morphine administration, all rats were trained to press right- and left-sided levers for water reinforcement from 1600 to 0800 hrs to a not more than 60-40 split, and these and other measures ("baselines") were repeated after recovery from the early (acute) morphine-abstinence syndromes. Then etonitazene, 5 micrograms/ml, was substituted for water on the nonpreferred side and all measures were repeated from 1600 to 0800 hrs once every two weeks for 20 weeks (10 "relapse" tests). It was postulated that the daily cycles of morphine-abstinence and suppression of abstinence in the injection group only would generate latent interoceptively conditioned reinforcing properties of morphine because of conditioning of suppression of abstinence to the concomitant internal sensorial effects of morphine, which would persist after morphine withdrawal and be transferred to the internal effects of another opioid, etonitazene. It was found that across the first nine relapse tests, the injection group consumed significantly more etonitazene than the infusion group, while there were no significant differences in water consumption.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 45499 TI - Enzyme histochemical patterns in the normal human amnion: amniotic histochemical patterns. AB - The histochemical distribution of 14 enzymes in the human amnion at term are described. Adenosine triphosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase show continuous gradations of enzyme activity. Cells with intense activity are prominent in acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase preparations. A distinct subpopulation of amniotic cells can be defined by their alkaline phosphatase activity. The possible correlations with morphological studies are discussed. PMID- 45500 TI - Control of the uteroplacental circulation in health and disease. AB - The various neurohumoral and intrinsic factors that control the uteroplacental hemodynamics in health and disease and in responses to physiologic and pharmacologic stimuli have been reviewed. The following conclusions may be derived: We still need improvement in our methodology of monitoring uterine blood flow. The present methods, which have some reliability, are not easily applicable to human subjects and even in animals their use presents problems of accuracy and sensitivity with which the investigator must become familiar. The marked and progressive increase in uterine blood flow that occurs during pregnancy is caused by complex factors, some of which are hormonal and hemodynamic in nature. The increased vascularity of the pregnant uterus and the opening of the arterioles during the process of formation of the intervillous space are important factors that facilitate the increase in uterine blood flow. The increment seems to be totally derived from the increment in the cardiac output that occurs during pregnancy. There seems to be no redistribution among the regional blood flows of the body. In the anesthetized condition the blood flow to the uterus depends largely on the perfusing pressure; the critical closing pressure seems to be around the 40 mm Hg level. This linear flow-pressure relationship does not, however, apply to the unanesthetized condition. A rise or fall in the perfusing pressure in the conscious state may be accompanied by an increase or decrease in the uterine blood flow, depending on the underlying mechanisms. Factors that lead to alpha-adrenergic stimulation produce an increase in uterine vascular resistance and a decrease in flow, irrespective of the status of the perfusing pressure. beta-adrenergic stimulation may increase uterine blood flow either through their vasodilating action or through their myometrial relaxing effects. Hypertensive diseases are most often accompanied by a decrease in uterine blood flow, whereas hypoxic states may decrease the flow even though the arterial pressure may not change significantly. It is extremely risky to extrapolate from information obtained in the anesthetized animal to the unanesthetized, conscious animal. Likewise, data obtained from normotensive conditions may not hold true for the hypertensive or hypotensive states. This is of particular relevance when one is dealing with the effects of pharmacologic agents that act on the cardiovascular system. Uterine contractions, whether induced through spontaneous or oxytocin-induced labor, produce a decrease in uterine blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 45501 TI - Fetal response to periodic sleep apnea: a new syndrome in obstetrics. AB - Periodic sleep apnea, a chronic sleep deprivation state, in which marked changes in the arterial PO2 and PCO2 tensions have been recorded, is a relatively new syndrome not previously reported in pregnancy. It is characterized by episodes of apnea, prevalently obstructive, during sleep. The majority of patients with this syndrome have snored heavily for years, suggesting a causal relationship between snoring and periodic sleep apnea. The effects of prolonged snoring on alveolar ventilation and systemic pressure(s) suggest that this snoring has physiopathological implications on maternal cardio-respiratory reserve and indirectly upon the fetus, especially as there are recordable changes in fetal heart rate and also a change in the acid-base status of the fetus. The possibility that this syndrome may have an adverse effect upon the fetus is stressed. PMID- 45502 TI - Plasma hypoxanthine in neonatal hypoxia: a comparison of two methods. AB - Hypoxanthine levels were determined in both venous and arterial cord blood of 42 neonates. Two methods were compared, a PO2 electrode determination and an HPLC (high-pressure liquid chromatography) method. A good correlation was found between the two methods. However, the HPLC method was more sensitive, more reproducible and easier to perform. Hypoxanthine levels in the umbilical artery were found to be higher than in the vein. A significant negative correlation between pH and hypoxanthine level was established. The studies showed that plasma hypoxanthine levels by themselves did not provide an absolute diagnosis of intrauterine hypoxia. PMID- 45503 TI - Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in cases of premature labor treated by betamimetic drugs. AB - In 87 premature labors, 31 were treated with betamimetic drugs. The incidence of RDS in the treated group has been lower than in the non-treated group, especially when gestational age was shorter than 35 wk and when newborn's weight was lower than 2000 g. PMID- 45504 TI - Role of a radiologic technologist trained as a physician assistant in diagnostic radiology. AB - This article describes a program for physican assistants in diagnostic radiology at the University of Kentucky, currently the only one in the country. Available only to graduates of AMA-approved radiologic technology programs who have two years of field experience, it consists of two additional years of intensive education in many aspects of radiological medicine. PMID- 45505 TI - Micellar interaction of tetracycline antibiotics. PMID- 45507 TI - Values clarification as a teaching strategy in nursing. PMID- 45506 TI - Stereoselective synthesis of cis- and trans-3-amino-4-chromanols. PMID- 45508 TI - Attitudes toward learning styles and self-direction of ADN students. PMID- 45509 TI - A perspective: the external degree as a viable educational model in nursing. AB - The external degree is not new in higher education. However it has not as yet been fully developed. Its usefulness has been demonstrated at the undergraduate level where students are able to move up the career ladder to licensure or degree. It appears to be a viable alternative for nurses seeking educations at the masters level also. By definition it is a nontraditional method of delivery. Nursing as a profession abounds with nontraditional potential students. The author has made no attempt to sell the "external degree" to nursing educators. The focus has been on heightening the awareness of readers to this rapidly developing change in higher education. In a time when concepts such as recurrent education, part-time students, credit for life and work experience, meaningful education and the adult student are much discussed in higher education, nursing educators should not be left behind. The external degree, modified or unmodified may well be the mechanism needed for providing quality education for nurses with varying backgrounds. PMID- 45510 TI - You can get there from here. PMID- 45511 TI - Empathy: educating nurses in professional practice. PMID- 45512 TI - Concentrated experiential learning laboratories. PMID- 45513 TI - Team teaching: is it for you? PMID- 45514 TI - Great Britain: a common language but an uncommon health care delivery system. PMID- 45515 TI - Clinical treatment of atrial arrhythmia. PMID- 45516 TI - Effects of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum infections on induction of hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase in mice. PMID- 45517 TI - pH profiles: Part I--One pH, or many? AB - Examples of particular characteristics of tear pH are given for a contact lens patient, both previous to fitting and following. PMID- 45518 TI - pH profiles: Part II--Descriptive analyses. AB - Two approaches, together with their advantages and limitations, are given for the analysis and classification of tear pH changes observed for patients. PMID- 45519 TI - Temperature sensitivity of DNA synthesis in mouse testicular germ cells in vitro. AB - The effect of temperature on testicular DNA synthesis in mice was studied in vitro. By using cultures of cryptorchid testis, DNA synthesis of differentiated germ cells, such as intermediate and type B spermatogonia and resting primary spermatocytes, was shown to be temperature-sensitive, while that of undifferentiated type A spermatogonia was not. DNA synthesis of non-germ cells was not temperature-sensitive. This temperature sensitivity of germ cells in DNA synthesis may be one cause of the thermal inhibition of germ cell differentiation. PMID- 45520 TI - Head-to-head association in bovine spermatozoa induced by catecholamines. AB - Noradrenaline, adrenaline, and isoproterenol induce head-to-head association in bovine spermatozoa in a Tris-HCl-buffered medium. Noradrenaline was the most and isoproterenol the least efficient. This effect was stimulated by Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+, Ca2+ being more efficient than the other two ions. At 2 X 10(-6) M Ca2+, oxidation products of adrenaline dissociated spermatozoa associated by washing; at 2 X 10(-5) M Ca2+, the dissociating effect was transformed into association. The induction of association by adrenaline was blocked by both alpha- and beta adrenergic blockers at low concentrations (2 X 10(-7) M). Both cAMP and dibutyryl substituted cAMP (db-cAMP) induced association in the Tris-buffered medium at 2 X 10(-6) M Ca2+. Further increase in association was brought about by increasing the Ca2+ concentration to 2 X 10(-5) M. Prolongation of the treatment with cAMP increased association. When combined with cAMP under the same conditions as used in the combination with adrenaline, L-propranolol did not inhibit association induced by cAMP. In an identical experiment, performed in Tyrode solution, L propranolol inhibited association induced by cAMP. At 2 X 10(-5) M, theophylline, caffeine, and papaverine induced association in the presence of 2 X 10(-5) M Ca2+. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that catecholamines act via receptors and formation of cAMP. PMID- 45521 TI - Emergence of antibiotic resistance in hospitals, 1935-1975. AB - A limited review of the changes in susceptibility of common bacterial pathogens to available antibacterial agents is presented. Significant developments in recent years include the following: (1) the emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae with decreased resistance to penicillin and of some strains resistant to several antibiotics; (2) a decline in prevalence of multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after 1960 following their increasing prevalence in the preceding years (these changes were methicillin-resistant (and multi-drug-resistant) S. aureus and the marked differences in their prevalence in different areas (these changes also were related to appearance of new phages in those organisms); (4) an increasing resistance to multiple drugs among enterococci but not among viridans streptococci or among nonenterococcal group D streptococci; (5) the emergence of beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae; (6) the emergence and spread of sulfonamide-resistant Neisseria meningitidis; (7) the occurrence of beta lactamase-producing strains of Haemophilus influenzae and occasional strains resistant to chloramphenicol; (8) the focal occurrence of chloramphenicol resistant Salmonella typhi in Vietnam and in epidemic form in Mexico; (9) the demonstration of marked differences in prevalence of resistance to multiple drugs in common pathogens to the most widely used antibiotics in different geographic areas. The dominant factor in the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens, whether in hospital wards or in the community, is clearly the intensive use of the antibiotic agents to which resistance emerges and then spreads. PMID- 45522 TI - Genetic determinants of microbial resistance to antibiotics. AB - Emergence of antibiotic resistance is related to the ease of mutation, to the extent of exchange of genetic information in bacteria by conjugation, transformation, and transduction, and to the large-scale use of antimicrobial agents in the biosphere. In addition to the development of resistance through chromosomal mutation and exchange of chromosomal genes among organisms, there is a more profound enlargement of the gene pool by the dissemination and amplification of plasmids. Two examples of the exchange of antibiotic resistance are analyzed: the transfer of plasmids from Bacteroides fragilis to Escherichia coli and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of STreptococcus pneumoniae. Plasmids encoding antibiotic resistance in B. fragilis were transferred to E. coli by DNA-mediated transformation and conjugation. The beta lactamase in the transformants and transconjugants displayed the same substrate specificity and electrophoretic mobility as the donor strain. The plasmid apparently was integrated rapidly into the chromosome of the recipient strain. Multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae were analyzed for plasmids, and none were detected. Furthermore, no evidence of linkage between the traits of multiple antibiotic resistance was observed. beta-Lactamase was not detected in the penicillin-resistant strains; therefore, it is likely that the resistance in these strains was chromosomal rather than plasmid-mediated. The range of genetic exchange and the use of Koch's postulates in determining the genetic mechanism of antibiotic resistance are illustrated and discussed. PMID- 45523 TI - A sensitive radiometric assay for cysteic acid decarboxylase activity in crude enzyme preparations of rat liver and brain. AB - 1. A method is described for the synthesis of L-[U-14C]cysteic acid from L-[U 14C] cysteine hydrochloride and for its subsequent utilisation as a substrate for cysteic acid decarboxylase activity in liver and brain. 2. The enzyme determination relies on the entrapment of radio-labelled carbon dioxide in Hyamine hydroxide. 3. The assay is sensitive, reliable and convenient and is particularly suitable for measuring the activity of the decarboxylase in crude enzyme preparations. PMID- 45524 TI - Hexokinase of the adult dog heartworm, Dirofilaria immitis. AB - 1. Dirofilaria immitis hexokinase was relatively heat stable and had a pH optimum range between 7.8 and 8.2. 2. Mean Vmax was 0.40 +/- 0.10 (S.D.) mumole/min/100 mg of worm. 3. Mean Km values were 0.32 mM for glucose, 0.86 mM for fructose and 0.39 mM for ATP. 4. Glucose-6-phosphate was not a strong product inhibitor. 5. Starch gel electrophoresis demonstrated at least three isozymes. PMID- 45525 TI - Effect of nutritional factors and cortisol on tyrosine aminotransferase activity in liver of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill. AB - 1. Starvation for over 50 days increased the activity of Tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) from brook trout liver and decreased liver glycogen. 2. Cortisol (6-40 mg/100 g body wt) increased TAT activity, optimally 72 hr post injection; liver glycogen response to cortisol was variable while tissue water either increased or remained constant. 3. Fish fed high-protein/low-carbohydrate had greater TAT activity than fish fed low-protein/high carbohydrate. There was food-induced peak of activity indicating a "diurnal rhythm" analogous to that of rat TAT. 4. TAT activity in brook trout appears to be correlated with protein catabolism. PMID- 45526 TI - Phosphonoglycoprotein from Metridium senile--heterogeneity of glycoproteins containing aminoethylphosphonic acid. AB - 1. After separation by SDS gel-chromatography, analysis of AEP-containing glycoproteins from M. senile, indicated 66% amino acids with 220 AEP res./1000 res. and 30% carbohydrate for high mol. wt (greater than 10(7) forms and 80% amino acids with 25-50 AEP res./1000 res. and 10% carbohydrate for low mol. wt (2 4 x 10(4) forms. 2. Uronic acids, sulfate, lipid, and sialic acids were absent. 3. Mild base digestion released AEP-hexosamine containing oligosaccharides and destroyed ser-thr residues in the high mol. wt components. 4. Phosphonoglycoproteins appear to be acidic connective tissue components with AEP linked to hexosamine containing oligosaccharide side chains. PMID- 45527 TI - Carp (Cyprinus carpio) muscle fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase: purification and some properties. AB - 1. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase from the white muscle tissue of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L. was purified. 2. The mol. wt of the enzyme was 145,000. Its subunit mol. wt was ca. 35,000. 3. The enzyme exhibited neutral pH optimum, activation by monovalent cations, and temperature-dependent allosteric AMP inhibition. 4. Carp muscle fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase was 10- to 30-fold more sensitive to AMP inhibition than the carp liver enzyme. 5. The carp muscle enzyme was less sensitive to AMP inhibition than the muscle enzyme from a homeothermic mammal. These results are interpreted as an example of temperature-adaptation of an enzyme regulatory property. PMID- 45528 TI - High activity of NADP-dependent malic enzyme in mitochondria from abdomen muscle of the crayfish Orconectes limosus. AB - 1. Mitochondria isolated from abdomen muscle of crayfish Orconectes limosus exhibit malic enzyme activity in the presence of L-malate, NADP and Mn2+ ions after addition of Triton X-100. Under optimal conditions about 230 nmole of reduced NADP and an equivalent amount of pyruvate are produced per min per mg of mitochondrial protein. 2. The pH optimum for decarboxylation of L-malate is about 7.5. 3. The apparent Km for L-malate, NADP and Mn2+ ions was found to be 0.66, 0.012, and 0.0025 mM, respectively. 4. The requirement for Mn2+ can be replaced by Mg2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ ions; however, higher concentrations of these ions than Mn2+ are required for a full stimulation of malic enzyme activity. 5. Oxaloacetate and pyruvate inhibited the enzyme activity in a competitive manner with apparent Ki values of 0.05 mM and 5.4 mM, respectively. PMID- 45529 TI - Purification and properties of the adenosine deaminase from the midgut gland of a marine bivalved mollusc, Atrina spp. AB - 1. The adenosine deaminase has an approximate molecular weight of 130,000-140,000 and the composition of two polypeptide units (mol. wt about 68,000) is suggested, by means of SDS disc electrophoresis. 2. Both the alpha (Vm/Km) and beta (Vm) parameters were varied with pH and temperature. RSS (relative substrate specificity) adenosine and deoxyadenosine values for alpha and beta were 1.2 and 1.1, respectively. 3. Adenine, 2'-, 3', 5'-AMP, 5'-deoxyAMP, ADP and ATP were not deaminated by the enzyme. 4. Inhibition by Mg2+ was found in reaction with adenosine at pH 8 but not with deoxyadenosine at the same pH. Mn2+, which did not affect the reaction rate at pH 4 and 5, showed competitive inhibitory effects at pH 6, 7 and 8. PMID- 45530 TI - Lipogenic activity of catfish liver. Lack of response to dietary changes and insulin administration. AB - 1. Some of the physical, chemical and kinetic properties of catfish liver lipogenic enzymes (acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase) were investigated. 2. The liver lipogenic enzymes of catfish exhibited maximal activity at 37 degrees C, even though these fish usually live at temperatures not above 24 degrees C. 3. The activity of the lipogenic enzymes of catfish liver was always low, regardless of the proportions of lipids or carbohydrates in the diet and could not be raised by insulin administration. 4. Under the conditions of the experiments, catfish liver fatty acid synthetase produced more stearate than palmitate and no myristate. PMID- 45531 TI - Creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes and Trypanosoma cruzi infections. AB - 1. Substantial increases in total creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and in isoenzymes from heart (CPK-MB) and skeletal muscle (CPK-MM) were observed during acute infections with the House 510 and House 11 strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. 2. In infections with the reticulotropic Tulahuen strain total CPK levels were lower and the isoenzyme pattern was essentially normal. 3. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was considerably increased in the Tulahuen but not in the House 510 and House 11 infections. 4. These findings are useful in assessing tissue damage during T. cruzi infections and they also demonstrate differences between myotropic and reticulotropic strains which may aid in their taxonomic classification. PMID- 45532 TI - NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase in Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - 1. Epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, Tulahuen strain, contained a NAD-linked glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3), in addition to the already known NADP linked enzyme enzyme (EC 1.4.1.4). 2. The partially purified NAD-linked enzyme had a higher molecular weight and was much more labile than the NADP-linked enzyme, and was inhibited by purine nucleotides. 3. These results further emphasize the difference in glutamate metabolism between the parasite and its mammalian host. PMID- 45533 TI - Effects of 2,4-dinitrophenol on trichomonads and Entamoeba invadens. AB - 1. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) in substrate level concentrations (200 microM-1 mM) temporarily inhibits H2 production by Tritrichomonas foetus and Trichomonas vaginalis as well as the accumulation of metronidazole, dependent on its reduction by the two trichomonad species and by Entamoeba invadens. 2. 2,4-DNP competes for the reducing equivalents which are necessary for H2 production or for the reduction of metronidazole, thereby inhibiting these processes. 2,4-DNP is reduced to 2-amino, 4-nitrophenol. 3. 2,4-DNP in concentrations up to 800 microM has no effect on the uptake of O2 by these organisms. 4. 2,4-DNP has some toxicity for T. foetus. PMID- 45534 TI - Comparative studies of galactokinase activity on mammal's red blood cells. AB - 1. ATP: D-galactose-1-phosphotransferase activity was measured in human, pig, cow, rabbit, mouse and rat red blood cells. Mean values of galactokinase activity was markedly lower in the human and pig erythrocyte as compared to those of the other species. 2. The permeability to galactose of the red cells studied was always higher than galactose phosphorylation. 3. The affinity constants of galactokinase for galactose ranged from 119 to 291 microM and from 178 to 406 microM for ATPMg2-. 4. The thermostability values of the galactokinase of the species studied were similar. The pH-optimum is pH 7.5 for the human, mouse and rabbit enzyme and pH 8.0 for cow, pig and rat galactokinase. PMID- 45535 TI - Peroxidases produced by the marine sponge Iotrochota birotulata. AB - 1. Two peroxidases, differing in ionic character and substrate specificity, have been isolated from the tropical marine sponge Iotrochota birotulata. 2. Both peroxidases catalyze the oxidation of a number of substrates, and one peroxidase possesses a specificity similar to the terrestrial fungal enzyme chloroperoxidase. 3. Based on inhibition studies utilizing sodium azide, potassium cyanide and 8-hydroxyquinoline, it appears that the peroxidases from I. birotulata are haemoprotein complexes. 4. One peroxidase appears to possess subunit structure, and requires bound divalent metal cations for activity. PMID- 45536 TI - [Somatostatin]. PMID- 45537 TI - A schizophreniform behavioral psychosis mediated by dopamine. AB - The authors conducted a study in which schizophrenic-like behavioral disturbances were induced in members of a macaque social colony by the chronic administration of d-amphetamine. Animals given the drug showed hypervigilance, hyperactivity, fragmented and repetitive behaviors, and progressive social withdrawal as well as the development of solitary stereotypies. The syndrome was dissected pharmacologically with alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine, chlorpromazine, pimozide, and haloperidol. Based on the behavioral findings and the known mechanisms of action of these drugs, the authors conclude that the major elements of the psychotic like behavior induced by d-amphetamine were mediated by dopamine systems. PMID- 45538 TI - Renal tubular function in patients on long-term lithium therapy. AB - The authors conducted a study in which 10 patients with recurrent affective disorders who responded completely to long-term lithium therapy but who were otherwise unselected were tested for renal tubular concentrating and acidification ability. Despite frequent symptoms of thirst, polyuria, and nocturia, all patients were able to concentrate urine normally and all showed normal renal tubular acidification ability. A significant correlation was found between erythrocyte lithium concentration and maximum urinary osmolality. PMID- 45539 TI - [Effect of antianginal drugs on the exertion electrocardiogram]. AB - In order to evaluate the clinical efficacy on penbutolol (Hoe 893 d), a new adrenergic blocking agent, two groups of 10 patients (A & B) with ischemic heart disease were chosen. These were submitted to exercise testing for 3 minutes, and placebos, nitroglycerin, and propranolol were used as reference preparations. As an index of indirect consumption of oxygen we determined the maximum cardiac frequency (MCF), maximum systolic arterial pressure (MAP) and the maximum double product (MDP). An electrocardiographic control of the patients was also included to observe ST segment changes. The patients from group A received 0.8 mg. of nitroglycerin sublingual as the first treatment and 40 mg. of propranolol as the second. The patients from group B received initially a placebo P.O. and then 25 mg. of penbutolol P.O. In both groups the exercise testing was repeated 10 minutes after the administration of the first substance and 10 minutes after the second. The results showed that 25 mg. of penbutolol and 40 mg. of propranolol have similar therapeutic effects over the degree, intensity, and duration of the differences in elevation of the ST segment, MCF, MAP, and MDP when you compare the results of their own controls with those obtained with the active principle. There is no significant difference observed in the results obtained in each parameter studied between penbutolol and propranolol. During the period of this clinical study there were no undesirable collateral effects caused by the oral administration of the investigated drugs. PMID- 45540 TI - Comparative study on the activity, pH optimum and thermal stability of some glycosidases and acid phosphatase from pig and mule leukocytes. AB - 1. alpha-D-mannosidase, beta-D-galactosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-N acetylgalactosaminidase, alpha-D-glucosidase and acid phosphatase activities were studied in circulating blood leukocytes from Sus scropha var. domestica L. (pig) and Equus asinus x caballus (mule) by spectrophotometric procedures using p nitrophenyl derivatives as substrates and three different buffer solutions. 2. The highest specific activity corresponds to acid phosphatase. The specific activities of the glycosidases, all relatively close together in all cases, were low in comparison with that of phosphatase. 3. Generally, each of the above mentioned enzymes shows one common peak for the pH optimum between 3.5 and 6.0, except alpha-D-glucosidase, which shows two peaks. 4. The pH optima values are generally similar in three buffer solutions employed. 5. Specific activities of the studied enzymes show a parallelism in leukocytes from both pig and mule. Also, this parallelism is observed in their pH optima values. 6. Thermal stability of alpha-D-mannosidase is high whereas that of acid phosphatase is low, in both materials. For other enzymes, differences in the thermal stability was observed according to their source. PMID- 45541 TI - Glutamine synthetase in kidneys of monkey and man. AB - 1. The synthesis of gamma-glutamylhydroxamate from glutamate and hydroxylamine has been utilized as an approximation of glutamine synthetase activity in kidneys of rabbit, rat, dog, monkey and man. 2. Kidneys of rabbit contain glutamine synthetase in high activity; those of rat, in intermediate activity; and those of dog, monkey and man, in negligible activity. 3. No more enzyme is present in kidneys of the latter two species than in those of the dog, in which the enzyme is generally considered to be absent. PMID- 45542 TI - NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase in Metridium senile (L.). AB - 1. An NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.4.1.4) of mitochondrial origin has been detected in M. senile, a sea anemone. 2. Substrate specificity and starch gel electrophoresis experiments indicated an absence of the NAD(P) glutamate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.4.1.3). 3. This NADP specific GDH activity appears to be the sole GDH activity in species of the animal phylum Coelenterata. PMID- 45543 TI - Preliminary characterization of the delta-9 desaturase of Tetrahymena pyriformis W. AB - 1. In vitro assay conditions have been defined for measurement of delta 9 desaturase activity in Tetrahymena pyriformis W. 2. The reaction depends on the presence of oxygen and a reduced pyridine nucleotide cofactor. FAD supports a low level of enzymatic activity. 3. Both stearyl-CoA and palmityl-CoA are acceptable substrates. Oleate formation is maximal at 30 degrees C. 4. Delta-9 desaturase activity appears to be localized in the microsomal fraction. Delta-6 and/or delta 12 desaturase activities have also been observed. 5. When the specificity of the delta 9 desaturase towards stearyl-CoA and palmityl-CoA was observed at 30 and 16 degrees C it was found that lowering the assay temperature did not affect specificity. Stearyl-CoA was more readily desaturated at both temperatures. 6. Exogenous oleyl-CoA and diisopropylfluorophosphate had little effect on delta 9 desaturase activity. However, cyanide strongly inhibited desaturation and a sensitivity to sulfhydryl-binding reagents has also been demonstrated. PMID- 45544 TI - Glutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase and control of pyrimidine biosynthesis in the parasitic helminth Schistosoma mansoni. AB - 1. Carbomoyl-phosphate synthetase in Schistosoma mansoni utilizes L-glutamine as well as ammonia as nitrogen donor but does not require N-acetyl-L-glutamate for the activity. 2. The enzyme activity was inhibited by UDP, UTP, ADP and AMP, among which UDP was the most effective. 3. Aspartate carbamoyltransferase and dihydroorotase were also found and copurified with the synthetase. 4. Relative activities among these three enzymes were 1:30-60:3-8 throughout the purification. 5. These results suggest that the synthetase plays a key role in the control of pyrimidine biosynthesis de novo. PMID- 45545 TI - Automatic measurement of the oxygen affinity of Cancer magister hemocyanin. AB - 1. The P50 of Cancer Magister hemocyanin in hemolymph was 40.0 mm at 25 degrees C, nmax = 3.9; at 14 degrees C, 15.0 mm and 3.4; and at 10 degrees C. 10.2 mm and 3.3. 2. In the absence of Ca2+ and Mg2+, the P50 at 25 degrees C was in the range of 150 to 250 mm, depending upon pH. 3. Our results show that temperature variation and pH variation may be important factors in the physiological regulation of oxygen delivery in this species. 4. The automatic recording device of Imai et al. (1970) previously used for the study of hemoglobins, was found to be eminently suitable for the study of O2 affinities of hemocyanins. PMID- 45546 TI - Microheterogeneity of mammalian haptoglobins in isoelectric focusing. AB - 1. Human haptoglobin type 1-1, porcine haptoglobin, and equine haptoglobin were isolated and purified. 2. These haptoglobins were similar in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in subunit structure but showed microheterogeneity in isoelectric focusing. 3. Isoelectric points of human haptoglobin as determined with photopolymerized gels were found to be 4.03-4.24, of porcine haptoglobin 4.0 4.30, and of horse haptoglobin 3.80-4.15, respectively. 4. Results obtained with chemically polymerized gels were 0.08-0.3 pH units higher. 5. Examined haptoglobins differed also in the ability of complex formation with hemoglobin, in sialic acid content and in antigenic specificity. PMID- 45547 TI - A comparative characterization of cytosolic superoxide dismutase/(SOD) from hog liver and erythrocytes. AB - 1. Conditions of preparation and purification of superoxide dismutase from hog liver and erythrocytes were established. 2. The enzymes from both tissues were compared in respect to electrophoretic mobility, pI value, amino acid composition and spectrophotometric profiles and some differences were observed. 3. Conditions of enzyme dissociation were elaborated and molecular weights of subunits obtained from both kinds of SOD were found to be approx. 16,000. 4. Effect of heat and pH on the enzyme activity were tested. Both enzymes exhibited a relative thermostability. PMID- 45548 TI - Significance of the variation in isozymes of liver lactate dehydrogenase with thermal acclimation in goldfish--II. Effect of pH. AB - 1. Effect of pH on liver lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isozymes was examined in the goldfish acclimated to different temperatures and some purification of the LDH was attempted. 2. The optimal pH and the Km value at 30 degrees C of the enzyme were independent of acclimation temperature. 3. the optimal pH of isozyme was more basic in the order of LDH-1, LDH-2, LDH-3, LDH-4 and LDH-5. Km values of isozymes at 30 degrees C were higher in the order of LDH 1, LDH-3 and LDH-5. 4. There was no change in the enzyme activity during thermal acclimation. PMID- 45549 TI - Characteristics of delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase from Drosophila melanogaster. AB - 1. Biochemical properties of delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase from d. melanogaster have been investigated. 2. The enzyme is stable below 4 degrees C. 3. the pH optimum of the enzyme is 5.7. It is rapidly inactivated below pH 5.4. 4. The Km values for NADPH and delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate are 1.6 x 10-5 and 2.5 x 10-6 M, respectively. 5. the estimated molecular weight of the enzyme is 225,000. 6. the enzyme is weakly inhibited by L-proline (Ki = 0.12 M). PMID- 45550 TI - Alanine aminopeptidase activity and autolysis in the tails of Rana catesbeiana larvae during metamorphosis. AB - 1. Alanine aminopeptidase activity and autolysis increase concomitantly in tail tissue of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles during metamorphosis. 2. significant increases first appear at Taylor and Kollros state XX and coincide with the beginning of tail regression as determined by the tail wt body wt ration. 3. The results suggest a role of alanine aminopeptidase in the mechanism of tail resorption. PMID- 45551 TI - Composition of glycoproteins secreted by tracheal explants from various animal species. AB - 1. The acidic and neutral glycoproteins secreted by cultured tracheal explants from pigs, sheep, rats, mice, monkeys, guinea pigs, dogs and chickens were purified and fractionated by column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. 2. The ratios of acidic to neutral mucus glycoproteins were compared for the above animals with that of mucus glycoproteins secreted by cultured human bronchi. 3. The observed ratios of acidic to neutral glycoproteins ranged from 4.0 (mouse) to 7.2 (chicken and pig) from cultured tracheae; secreted human bronchial mucus had a ratio of 2.7. 4. The ratio of acidic to neutral glycoproteins secreted by tracheal explants varied with duration of incubation of the trachea in culture. PMID- 45553 TI - Comparative studies on muscle AMP-deaminase--I. Purification, molecular weight, subunit structure and metal content of the enzymes from rat, rabbit, hen, frog and pikeperch. AB - 1. AMP-deaminase (EC 3.5.4.6) from skeletal muscle of frog and pikeperch was purified to homogeneity and compared with the homogeneous enzymes purified from rat, rabbit and hen skeletal muscle. 2. Their molecular weight was close to 280,000, every enzyme consisted of four identical subunits of molecular weight about 70,000. 3. All enzymes were found to contain about two atoms of zinc per molecule. 4. Minor differences of u.v.-absorption spectra between amphibian and fish muscle enzyme as compared with mammalian and bird muscle enzyme were found. PMID- 45552 TI - Regulation of avian erythrocyte AMP-deaminase. AB - 1. Kinetic data for avian erythrocyte AMP-deaminase in lysate supernatants and 2000-fold purified enzyme were consistent with an allosteric model having four binding sites for substrate. 2. Relative to the purified enzyme, AMP-deaminase in lysate supernatants exhibited a greater S0.5 and enhanced sensitivity toward phytic acid, but was far less sensitive toward potassium ion. 3. In the absence of potassium chloride, the enzymatic activity in lysates exhibited hysteresis at subsaturating 5'-AMP. This response was modified reversibly by allosteric ligands. 4. It is concluded that the characteristics of avian RBC AMP-deaminase, as expressed in lysates, may reflect important intermolecular interactions and better represent the regulatory properties of this enzyme in erythrocytes. PMID- 45554 TI - Comparative studies on muscle AMP-deaminase--II. Regulation by monovalent cations, ATP and orthophosphate of the enzyme from hen, frog and pikeperch muscle. AB - 1. Michaelis constants, maximum velocity and pH-dependence of the reaction catalysed by homogeneous AMP-deaminase preparations from hen, frog and pikeperch skeletal muscle were compared, as well as the influence of monovalent cations, ATP and inorganic phosphate. 2. ATP was found to activate the enzymes in the absence of K+ and at optimum (150 mM) KCl concentration. 3. Absolute dependence on potassium ions and considerable dependence of Km and Vmax on the kind of monovalent cation present in the medium were found for pikeperch enzyme. PMID- 45555 TI - Biochemical studies of supernatant malate dehydrogenase allozymes in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - 1. A biochemical comparison was made among cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase allozymic variants from Drosophila melanogaster. Experiments were carried out on enzyme extracted from six different genotypes: three homozygotes and their respective heterozygotes. 2. The allozyme forms (MDH A, MDH B, MDH C) were indistinguishable in terms of NAD and L-malate optima, while they are distinguishable in terms of NADH and OAA saturation conditions. Activities were inhibited at concentrations greater than 0.36 and 0.40 mM NADH for BB and AA, CC, respectively, while in relation to OAA inhibition was observed at concentrations higher than 3 or 6 mM for the AA, CC and BB, respectively. 3. differences among genotypes were also observed in thermal stability: Km values for OAA, L-malate, NADH and NAD: and pG optima. 4. A simple method is presented for the separation of the cytoplasmic from the mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase. PMID- 45557 TI - Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee. Peyronie's disease. A complication in therapy with beta-adrenoreceptor blocking drugs? PMID- 45556 TI - Metabolic changes in Crithidia fasciculata accompanying physiological adaptation to growth in the presence of carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. AB - 1. Crithidia fasciculata adapted to growth in the presence of 10(-5) M carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, maintained adenosine phosphate pools and an adenylate energy charge comparable to those of control cells. 2. CCCP-adapted cells in the presence of the uncoupler respire endogenous substrate at a greater rate than control cells and this effect of CCCP appears readily reversible. 3. CCCP treated, adapted cells, supporting high endogenous respiration rates, were not responsive to added substrates which significantly stimulated the oxygen utilization of normal C. fasciculata. 4. CCCP-adapted cells, provided with [U 14C]-labeled proline, utilize this substrate at 67% the rate of control cells, but divide the isotopic label between CO2 and protein in a ratio identical to that of normal cells. 5. The transport of alanine and proline by adapted C. fasciculata was severely impaired, while the transport of tyrosine and leucine was unaffected. PMID- 45558 TI - Methotrexate nephrotoxicity. AB - The use of high dose methotrexate therapy in the treatment of malignant disease has been complicated by nephrotoxicity. Analysis of the basic physico-chemical properties of methotrexate has allowed the development of improved techniques of administering methotrexate, at high dose, which greatly reduces the incidence of nephrotoxicity. PMID- 45559 TI - Perspectives in the treatment of mental disorders in developing countries: Africa. AB - 1. Although many parts of Africa are "catching up" with the technological advances of the developed world in many spheres, including medical practice, traditional forms of treatment conspicuously exist side by side with orthodox treatment. 2. None of the few reports of clinical trials from different parts of Africa have taken into account the variations in the clinical presentation of mental disorders, the nutritional status and general physical health of African patient populations in their discussions of the effectiveness of psychotropic agents. 3. Research into traditional forms of treatment and the effectiveness of psychotropic agents in populations in different states of general health and nutrition is seen as a priority. PMID- 45560 TI - The effects of drugs on the processes regulating the functional activity of brain monoamines. AB - 1. By study of the synthesis and turnover of brain monoamines and with the use of behavioral models which indicate the functional activity of brain 5HT and dopamine, it is possible to unravel the mechanisms by which some drugs produce behavioral effects. 2. Using these techniques the acute and chronic effects of certain neuroleptics, propranolol and other beta-adrenergic blocking agents, repeated electroconvulsive shock, and lithium upon the functional activity of brain 5HT and dopamine are examined. 3. The clinical relevance of these studies is discussed. PMID- 45561 TI - Adverse effects in maintenance treatment: practical and theoretical considerations. AB - 1. Subsequent to the introduction of therapeutically effective psychotropic drugs, there has been a decrease in the resident population in mental hospitals. 2. Since maintenance therapy with neuroleptics and lithium may alleviate and/or prevent relapse in a considerable percentage of schizophrenic and manic depressive patients, there is a gradual increase of these patients in the community. 3. In this paper some of the adverse effects of long-term pharmacotherapy with psychotropic drugs will be presented, and possible negative effects of the increase in fertile marriages among community-based patients will be discussed. PMID- 45562 TI - Short and long-term effects of neuroleptics in relation to their cellular mechanism of action. AB - 1. Some mechanisms of action of neuroleptics at cellular level are reviewed, mainly the effects on synaptic transmission and the effects on chromatin. 2. As regard to the effects at synaptic level, a brief review is presented on the available evidence in support of the currently prevailing dopamine hypothesis. 3. Studies carried out on the mechanisms and sites of action of neuroleptics on chromatin show that: a. Behavioral changes caused by psychotropic drugs in experimental animals are associated with chromatin alterations and induced macromolecular syntheses. b. Parkinsonian and possibly drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms are associated with aberrations in protein synthesis. c. Destabilization under "stress" of the heterochromatin in schizophrenics seems to be due to histone modifications and is partly prevented by neuroleptic treatment. PMID- 45563 TI - Perspectives in chemotherapy of schizophrenic psychoses. AB - 1. The treatment of schizophrenic symptoms has not the same efficacy in acute and chronic phases of the disease and on the various target symptoms of schizophrenia. 2. The ideal antipsychotic drug might have different properties, sometimes contradictory, to be effective both on paranoid and hebephrenic symptoms which seem to be a mirror image of the same disorder. 3. Basic perspectives in the chemotherapy of schizophrenic psychoses must be founded on better methodological considerations in clinical trials, on a better use of antipsychotic drugs with the help of pharmacokinetic data and computerized EEG and also on new neurochemical findings. 4. Recent data on the mode of action of neuroleptics open up new therapeutic classes of drugs. Such are GABA-like drugs and, more recently, beta-blockers. PMID- 45564 TI - Treatment of schizophrenia. AB - 1. Progress in 25 years' history of the neuroleptics is briefly reviewed. 2. Development of certain butyrophenones more directly effective in "minus" symptoms of schizophrenia and introduction of depot neuroleptics is discussed. 3. Extrapyramidal motor side effects (EPMS) are still a serious problem in the treatment. 4. Clozapine does not have EPMS. This drug could therefore become the starting point of a series of less hazardous antipsychotic drugs. 5. The neuroleptics can be used as tools for exploration of the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia. Some important pharmacological mechanisms, i.e. their antidopaminergic activity, are briefly outlined. PMID- 45565 TI - Psychopharmacological perspectives in childhood psychoses. AB - 1. Neuroleptic drugs are still widely employed in childhood psychoses, but new experiences on a large number of cases in this field, have shown the usefullness of antidepressive drugs, either alone or associated with neuroleptics, also when depressive symptoms are not clearly evident. 2. This peculiar aspect, still noticed in pathological situations of less gravity, calls again attention to childhood depression and to the difficulty of identifying it. 3. The problem is developed and discussed as follows: a. The psychopathological features regarded from the psychodynamic point of view; b. The neurofunctional background in various ages; c. The pharmacodynamic characteristics of the drugs; d. The good results with lithium treatment in several cases allow the authors to outline some clinical pictures as well as biochemical markers as to recognize endogenous depression in childhood. PMID- 45566 TI - Perspectives in the treatment of the psychoneurological disorders: affective disorders. AB - 1. Current research strategies in the pharmacotherapy of the affective disorders are reviewed in an attempt to highlight major trends and areas of particular promise. 2. There has been some progress toward the identification of biologically defined subgroups by assessing amine metabolites in urine or cerebrospinal fluid which may lead to a more rational choice of therapies for depressed patients. 3. The use of drugs with receptor agonist properties may help define biological substrates altered in affective illness and lead to new approaches to treatment, such as utilization of low doses of receptor agonists which may preferentially stimulate presynaptic receptors. 4. Study of time dependent and adaptive changes in receptor sensitivity may also add an important perspective in conceptualizing the cyclic process in manic-depressive illness and its treatment. PMID- 45567 TI - Azidomorphines: a new family of potent analgesics with low dependence capacity. AB - 1. Structure-activity relationship studies with new semi-synthetic isomorphine derivatives revealed that substitution of an azido group in position 6 (azidomorphines) greatly increases the analgesic potency whereas tolerance and dependence liability tend to decrease. 2. Azidomorphine (6-deoxy-6 azidodihydroisomorphine) and 14-hydroxyazidomorphine (6-deoxy-6-azidodihydro-14 hydroxyisomorphine) being in animal tests 40-300 times more potent than morphine, are the most effective analgesics among the semi-synthetic morphine alkaloids. 3. As demonstrated on mice, rats and rhesus monkeys, a remarkable dissociation between the analgesic potency and physical dependence capacity was the result of the introduction of the 6-azido group into dihydroisomorphine. 4. A dichotomy between analgesic effect and tolerance and addiction liability was demonstrated with azidomorphine also in man and the new substance proved to exert significantly less untoward effects than either morphine or pentazocine. 5. Rymazolium (Probon) a new non-narcotic analgesic which strongly potentiates the analgesic and antagonizes the respiratory depressant effect of morphine alkaloids in animals proved to hinder the development of tolerance to morphine in animals and man. 6. The azidomorphine-rymazolium association was found to be less respiratory depressant than azidomorphine administered alone. In patients with chronic intractable pain, an association of azidomorphine (0.5 mg) and rymazolium (150 mg) achieved total pain relief without noticeable euphoria and none of the twelve patients showed, according to the Himmelsbach scoring system, acute abstinence syndromes after nalorphine administration. PMID- 45568 TI - Is a dopaminergic system involved in thyrotropin releasing hormone induced hyperthermia and in its potentiation by amphetamine? AB - 1. A dose-related hyperthermia is obtained in mice with TRH administered intraperitoneally. 2. This hyperthermia is reinforced by amphetamine given at doses which usually cause hypothermia. 3. p-Chloroamphetamine and L-Dopa also reinforce TRH hyperthermia. Apomorphine is not significantly active. 4. TRH hyperthermia is lowered significantly by alpha-methyl-tyrosine and haloperidol but not significantly by pimozide and chlorpromazine. TRH + Amph hyperthermia is not lowered by any of the DA antagonists tested even at doses reversing Amph hyperthermia. Direct participation of DA receptors is then doubtful. 5. All these variations of temperature have their acme a 15 min except for reserpine which, given 22 hours before, potentiates TRH + Amph hyperthermia after 30 min. PMID- 45569 TI - Enkephalin-dopamine interactions in behavioral arousal. AB - 1. Central injection of a long lasting enkephalin analog (D-Ala2-leu-enkephalin amide) produced a syndrome of stereotyped motor activity. 2. This activation syndrome was significantly reduced by two dopamine (DA) blockers (pimozide, fluspririlene) and by an agonist of inhibition-mediating DA receptors [(3,4 dihydroxyphenylamino)-2-imidazoline]. 3. Intact DA functioning is necessary for the occurrence of this enkephalin-mediated behavioral syndrome. PMID- 45570 TI - AHR-6646: a new, long-acting neuroleptic. AB - 1. AHR-6646 blocked d-amphetamine lethality in mice under aggregated conditions when the pretreatment interval was between one hour and seven days. 2. Conditioned avoidance responding in mice and cats was suppressed by AHR-6646 in doses that did not impair escape behavior. The duration of this effect was markedly prolonged. 3. AHR-6646 produced catalepsy in rats. The onset of this effect was delayed and the duration was prolonged when compared with that of chlorpromazine. 4. Apomorphine-induced pivoting in mice with unilateral lesions of the caudate nucleus was suppressed by AHR-6646. 5. AHR-6646 was a potent antiemetic agent in dogs, with a delayed onset and prolonged duration of action. PMID- 45571 TI - An intrarenal effect of somatostatin on water excretion. AB - Intrarenal infusion of somatostatin in anesthetized dogs produced a prompt increase in urine flow in association with a decrease in urinary osmolality and an increase in free water clearance. These changes occurred in the absence of changes in arterial pressure, renal plasma flow, osmolar clearance, electrolyte excretion or cyclic AMP excretion. The diuretic effect occurred primarily in the infused kidney indicating a direct intrarenal action rather than suppression of vasopressin secretion. This diuretic action of somatostatin may result from inhibition of the action of vasopressin on the renal medulla but other possible mechanisms cannot be excluded. PMID- 45572 TI - Serum and pituitary concentrations of prolactin and growth hormone in mice during a twenty-four hour period. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate changes in the secretion of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) occurring during a 24 h period in the mouse. Adult female mice of the C57BL/St strain and male mice of the C3H/St strain, maintained on a 14 h light and 10 h dark schedule, were used. Serum and pituitary concentrations of PRL and GH were measured by radioimmunoassay in samples collected by decapitation at hourly intervals through 24 h. Serum PRL concentrations in female mice averaged higher during the daylight hours and lower at night. However, the pattern was just the opposite in males: the values were lower during the day time and higher and variable during the night. Pituitary PRL levels dropped significantly after the onset of the dark phase in mice of both sexes. Serum GH concentrations of female mice did not fluctuate significantly with the time of the day, but those of male mice displayed a distinct flux: the levels were low from 0800 h until 1500 h, began to rise in the afternoon, and remained relatively high throughout the night. Pituitary levels of GH did not change with time in mice of either sex. The data suggest the existence of daily rhythms in the secretion of PRL and GH in mice, with marked differences related to sex. In general, the changes were most pronounced for serum PRL in females and for serum GH in males. PMID- 45573 TI - Serum cholesterol and bowel flora in the newborn. AB - Bottle-fed infants have a total serum cholesterol of 147 mg/100 ml on the fifth day of life and their stools contain more Escherichia coli than Lactobacilli organisms. The ratio of these bacteria can be reversed by adding bicarbonate or Lactobacilli to feeds. This change is associated with a decrease in total cholesterol to a mean 119 mg/100 ml over the next 3 days. Lactobacilli organisms predominate in the stools when serum cholesterol is low and may play a role in the metabolism of cholesterol. PMID- 45574 TI - Serial pH changes in the duodenal bulb during smoking. AB - The effect of smoking on the pH of the duodenal bulb was studied in 10 normosecretors and 10 hypersecretors using a Beckman pH electrode. The pH was monitored during three study periods, basal, smoking, and postsmoking, of 1 hr each. The pH remained below 3.5 significantly longer during the smoking period compared to the basal period for both groups. The bulbar pH remained under 3.5 during the smoking period longer in the hypersecretor group compared to the normosecretor group (60 versus 20%). Hypersecretors who were smokers exhibited acidic bulbar pH values longer and more consistently than hypersecretor nonsmokers during smoking. In 5 hypersecretors with data for both bulbar pH and bicarbonate output, inhibition of bicarbonate output during smoking was generally associated with acidic pH values in the bulb. These observations suggest that the association between cigarette smoking and peptic ulcer disease may be attributable to, in part, the persistently acidic pH values in the duodenal bulb during smoking. This study further suggests that the degree and the duration of acidification of the duodenal bulb during smoking are influenced by the secretory and the smoking status of the subject. PMID- 45575 TI - Somatostatin in mucosa of stomach and duodenum in gastroduodenal disease. AB - In order to study the distribution of somatostatin in the upper digestive tract in man, biopsies were taken through endoscopy or at surgery from the fundus, antrum, and duodenal bulb in 15 subjects with no gastroduodenal lesion, 12 patients with severe antral and/or fundic atrophy in the sampling area, 28 patients with an active duodenal ulcer, and 14 patients with a nonmalignant gastric ulcer. The specimens were extracted in 2 N acetic acid and tested for somatostatin content with a specific radioimmunoassay. In the control subjects, the somatostatin concentration (nanograms per milligram of wet weight) was 0.60 +/- 0.12 in the fundus, 1.68 +/- 0.33 in the antrum, and 1.35 +/- 0.30 in the duodenal bulb. Atrophy of the gastric mucosa was associated with a reduction of the somatostatin concentration in the fundus and the antrum. No significant variation was observed in the present series of patients with gastric ulcer. Duodenal ulcer was associated with a reduction of the somatostatin concentration in the antrum (P less than 0.02). These results indicate that somatostatin is widely distributed from fundus to duodenal bulb in adult human subjects, and that lower antral concentrations are observed in patients with duodenal ulcer. PMID- 45576 TI - Smoking and duodenal ulcer. PMID- 45577 TI - Peptidergic nerves in the gut. PMID- 45578 TI - Somatostatin and the gut. PMID- 45579 TI - Is the human colon an endocrine organ? PMID- 45580 TI - Interrelationships between the gastric mucosal cAMP and gastric H+ secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. PMID- 45581 TI - Hypersensitivity reaction to sulfasalazine with severe hepatotoxicity. AB - Sulfasalazine hepatotoxicity has been poorly documented in the literature. We report a case of a young female with inflammatory bowel disease who developed severe hepatotoxicity as part of a systemic hypersensitivity reaction to sulfasalazine. The clinical, biochemical, and histopathological features resemble those of sulfonamide-induced hepatic injury. Although rare, our case as well as previous reports indicate the serious nature of the illness. PMID- 45582 TI - Inhibition of in vivo secretion of porcine calcitonin by somatostatin. PMID- 45583 TI - Reducing reperfusion injury with hypocalcemic, hyperkalemic, alkalotic blood during reoxygenation. PMID- 45584 TI - Influence of somatostatin on hepatic regeneration in the adult rat. PMID- 45585 TI - Intra-abdominal pressure as a cause of gastroesophageal reflux: a study in man. PMID- 45586 TI - Bone regeneration in a coralline hydroxyapatite implant. PMID- 45587 TI - An analgesic comparison of floctafenine (Idarac) and dihydrocodeine in post operative pain. AB - A double-blind crossover study comparing floctafenine 200 mg, a new analgesic drug, and dihydrocodeine 60 mg, was performed on 72 patients suffering from post operative pain. Degree of pain relief by floctafenine was similar to that of dihydrocodeine but the relief afforded by the former was of longer duration. Side effects associated with dihydrocodeine were statistically higher than those associated with floctafenine. Floctafenine was demonstrated to be an effective analgesic with an insignificant incidence of untoward side-effects. PMID- 45588 TI - 7th Annual ICN-UCLA Symposia. Molecular and Cellular Biology. Keystone, Colorado, February 19-March 24, 1978. Abstracts. PMID- 45589 TI - Teichoic acids of group D streptococci with special reference to strains from pig meningitis (Streptococcus suis). AB - Immunoelectrophoresis revealed in phenol extracts from S. faecalis and S. faecium a mixture of free and lipid-bound teichoic acids, both reactive with Group D antisera. In phenol extracts from S. suis only lipid-bound teichoic acid, also reactive with Group D antiserum, was seen. This difference probably accounts for the low yield of Group D antigen from S. suis as compared with S. faecalis and S. faecium when heating at pH 2 is used for extraction. When phenol is used good yields are obtained from S. suis as well as from S. faecalis and S. faecium. Lipoteichoic acids from S. faecalis and S. faecium have a backbone structure the same as or similar to that of Group A streptococcal teichoic acid. Lipoteichoic acid from S. suis has a structure differing from that of S. faecalis and S. faecium, e.g., possibly in the attachment of its glucosyl substituents. Precipitation reactions between S. suis lipoteichoic acid and Group D antisera were specifically inhibited by glucose. Reactions between S. bovis phenol extracts and some Group D antisera were also specifically inhibited by glucose, but extracts from S. faecalis and S. faecium were not. This may indicate a monosaccharide glucosyl substituent in teichoic acid from S. suis and S. bovis instead of the di- or trisaccharide previously postulated as the glucosyl substituent in the teichoic acid of S. faecalis. PMID- 45590 TI - Selective viral immunosuppression of the graft-versus-host reaction. AB - Graft-vs.-host (GVH) reactivity of parental lymph node (LN) cells was assayed by measurements of 3H-thymidine incorporation in vivo in spleens of irradiated F1 recipients. Preincubation of parental LN cells with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) for 2 h at 37 degrees C followed by washing resulted in an 85-90% reduction in splenic radioactivity, as did injection of VSV on days 0-2 after recipients received untreated parental LN cells. In contrast, 3H-thymidine incorporation in the spleens or irradiated F1 hosts was not affected by VSV when F1 bone marrow cells were incubated with the virus. In addition, preincubation of F1 B cells with VSV still allowed these syngeneic B cells to be recruited into proliferation by mitomycin-treated parental LN cells. The inhibitory effect of VSV, thus, seems to be specific for T-cell proliferation. These observations suggest that viral immunosuppression might be capable of being developed into a useful strategy for selective deletion of lymphocytes capable of reacting against histocompatibility antigens and initiating GVH reactions. PMID- 45592 TI - Speak up for children. PMID- 45591 TI - Pilus-specific, lipid-containing bacteriophages PR4 and PR772: comparison of physical characteristics of genomes. AB - The genomes of pilus-specific, lipid-containing phages PR4 and PR772 were studied electron microscopically. An identical mol. wt. of 10.9 x 10(6) was obtained. The genomes are unique (non-permuted) and have cohesive ends. From the similarities in size and denaturation maps of the genomes and failue to demonstrate non homology in heteroduplexes, reported morphological ambiguities were clarified. The known serological difference between the phages could not be related to non homology of their genomes. It is concluded that phages PR4 and PR772 are the same phage. PMID- 45593 TI - Amniocentesis and prenatal detection of genetic disease. PMID- 45594 TI - The primary care physician and mental retardation. PMID- 45595 TI - Neonatal thyroid screening. PMID- 45596 TI - The pre-school age gifted child. PMID- 45597 TI - Health services for north Alabama. PMID- 45598 TI - The role of a training protocol in formulating patient instructions as to terminal care choices. PMID- 45599 TI - The homogeneity of the faecal coliform flora of normal school-girls, characterized by serological and biochemical properties. AB - The homogeneity of fecal coliform flora in 52 schoolgirls was studied by serotyping and biotyping 10 randomly selected colonies in one fecal culture from each child. Ninety-eight clones were identified and of these 52 were dominant and 46 were minor strains. The probability of including at least one isolate of the dominant clone in a small random sample of colonies was calculated to be 86% for one colony, 94% for 2, 97% for 3, 99% for 4, and 99.3% for 5 randomly selected colonies. PMID- 45600 TI - Abortive growth of human lymphocytes carrying a dormant Epstein-Barr viral genome. AB - When P3HR-1 lymphoblastoid cells expressing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related antigens at very low frequency were cocultivated with human umbilical cord blood lymphocytes and the cell-free mixed culture fluid was applied to fresh cord lymphocytes, cells morphologically distinct from normal lymphocytes became evident after one to two weeks' exposure. The abnormal cells became abundant after one month and were easily identified by B-cell markers and a variety of morphologic abnormalities. Such abnormal B-lymphocytes appeared to be negative for EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA), but when the immunofluorescence negative cells were exposed to pokeweed mitogen and 5-iododeoxyuridine, a striking EBNA induction occurred. The growth of these abnormal cells was limited and they could be maintained for no more than three months. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the biological activity of EBV. PMID- 45601 TI - The susceptibility of Vero cell cultures for human adenoviruses. AB - Human adenoviruses 1 to 28 were shown to produce a cytopathic effect in Vero cell cultures. Viruses of subgroups III and IV (Ad 1, 2, 5, 6, 12, and 18) were readily passaged in Vero cell cultures and were produced in high amounts. This was also found for Ad 11, 16, and 21, while Ad 3, 4, and 7 showed a lower degree of multiplication and Ad 14 could not be passed serially. For Ad 8, 26, 27, 20, 25, and 28, a multiplication in Vero cells could not be proved, while the remaining serotypes of subgroup II showed a moderate degree of multiplication. The sensitivity of Vero cells to small amounts of virus was lower than that of HeLa cells. No adaption of adenoviruses to Vero cells after 5 Vero passages was observed. Attempts to enhance virus multiplication by coinfection with SV40 failed. PMID- 45602 TI - A/New Jersey/76 influenza vaccine trial in seronegative schoolchildren: comparison of a subunit vaccine with a whole-virus vaccine. AB - In the present vaccination trial, 202 seronegative schoolchildren comprising both sexes and aged 11 to 12 years were vaccinated i.m. in the upper arm with either the subunit vaccine at a dosage of 600 CCA or 200 CCA or with a whole-virus vaccine at a dosage of 200 CCA, using the double-blind procedure. Both vaccines were prepared from the strain A/New Jersey/76 (x 53a-recombinant). The vaccination was followed four weeks later by a booster injection. In tests of local and systemic reactogenicity, it was found that at both dosages the subunit vaccine caused a low frequency of minor adverse reactions. The whole-virus vaccine was marked by a significantly higher rate of adverse reactions, whether of the local or systemic variety. The whole-virus vaccine had, however, a higher immunogenicity than the subunit vaccine, and due to the relatively high rate of adverse reactions it causes, it is not recommended for the vaccination of seronegative children. Because of its low reactogenicity, the subunit vaccine can be given at higher dosage, and it is a matter for consideration whether a better antibody response might not result from two booster injections. PMID- 45603 TI - A comparison of staphylococcal nasal carrier rates in Germany and Poland. AB - Frequencies of different staphylococcal nasal carrier classes were studied in groups of students of nursing and of laboratory personnel in Cologne, West Germany, and in Krakow, Poland, by six consecutive samplings of their nasal vestibules. The general number of persistent carriers of S. aureus appeared to be lower than in previous studies, paralleling the diminished numbers of staphylococcal infections in populations. Differences in numbers of persistent carriers between the Cologne and Krakow groups were probably related to the incidence and types of S. aureus in the environment. PMID- 45605 TI - The use of IgM antibody responses in the diagnosis of primary infections to measles, rubella, mumps, and M. Parainfluenzae viruses. AB - One-hundred and twenty-seven sera were tested to determine whether a primary infection could be identified by a determination of the class of antibody (IgM) detected in serum collected in the period after a viral infection. Serum was collected from patients with a history of measles (18 cases), rubella (24 cases), mumps (12 cases), and M. parainfluenzae type 3 infections (9 cases). The results of the serological assays are compared with clinical observations and the limitations of the methods under consideration are discussed. PMID- 45604 TI - Course of coxsackie B antibodies during juvenile diabetes. AB - Sera of 83 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes of early onset were tested for latex agglutination-inhibiting antibodies to coxsackie virus types B1-B5. We could not find any evidence of a causal association between Coxsackie B virus infection and diabetes. PMID- 45606 TI - The genetic fine structure of the complex locus aro3 involved in early aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - The complex locus aro3 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe was subjected to genetical fine structure analysis. By comparing the complementation map and the meiotic recombination map, the aro3 locus could be subdivided into the five adjacent subregions A, B, C, D and E. Out of 115 aro3 alleles, 26 nonsense alleles and 30 missense alleles could be identified by the criteria of nonsense suppressor sensitivity and leakiness, respectively. Most alleles with a pleiotropic complementation pattern are of the nonsense type. We conclude from the polarity of the complementation patterns characterising the nonsense alleles that the translation direction proceeds from subregion. A to subregion E. Antipolar effects in complementation are more frequent than in the analogous system of the arom gene cluster of Neurospora crassa. PMID- 45607 TI - Lambda encodes an outer membrane protein: the lom gene. AB - lambda infected minicells synthesize a polypeptide (M(r) = 20,500) which is incorporated almost exclusively into the outer membrane of the minicell envelope. The gene (lom = lambda outer membrane) encoding this polypeptide has been mapped in the non-essential region of the lambda genome between coordinates 39.4% and 40.7% of lambda. PMID- 45609 TI - Studies on the induction of petite mutants in yeast by analogues of berenil. Characterization of three mutants resistant to the compound Hoe 15,030. AB - Compound Hoe 15,030 is an analogue of berenil which is as effective as berenil in inducing petite mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hoe 15,030 has greater stability than berenil in aqueous solution, and is less toxic to yeast at high drug concentrations. Mutants of S. cerevisiae strain J69-1B have been isolated which are resistant to the petite inducing effects of Hoe 15,030. Three mutant strains (HR7, HR8 and HR10) were characterized and each was shown to carry a recessive nuclear mutation determining resistance to Hoe 15,030. The degree of resistance to Hoe 15,030 is different for each mutant, and each was found to be co-ordinately cross-resistant both to berenil and to another analogue of berenil, Hoe 13,548. However, the three mutants show no cross-resistance to other unrelated petite inducing drugs, including ethidium bromide, euflavine and 1 methyl phenyl neutral red. Further studies on the mutants revealed that each strain exhibits characteristic new properties indicative of changes in mitochondrial membrane functions concerned with the replication (and probably also repair) of mitochondrial DNA. Thus, mutant HR7 is hypersensitive to petite induction by the detergent sodium dodecyl sulphate under conditions where the parent J69-1B is unaffected by this agent. Mutant HR8 is even more sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulphate than is HR7, and additionally shows a markedly elevated spontaneous petite frequency. Isolated mitochondria from strains HR8 and HR10 (but not HR7) show resistance to the inhibitory effects of Hoe 15,030 on the replication of mitochondrial DNA in vitro. PMID- 45608 TI - Decreased UV mutagenesis in cdc8, a DNA replication mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A DNA replication mutant of yeast, cdc8, was found to decrease UV-induced reversion of lys2-1, arg4-17, tyr1 and ura1. This effect was observed with all three alleles of cdc8 tested. Survival curves obtained following UV irradiation in cdc8 rad double mutants show that cdc8 is epistatic to rad6, as well as to rad1; cdc8 rad51 double mutants seem to be more sensitive than the single mutants. Since UV-induced reversion in cdc8 rad1 and cdc8 rad51 double mutants is like that of the cdc8 single mutants, we conclude that CDC8 plays a direct role in error-prone repair. To test whether CDC8 codes for a DNA polymerase, we have purified both DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase II from cdc8 and CDC+ cells. The purified DNA polymerases from cdc8 were no more heat labile than those from CDC+, suggesting that CDC8 is not a structural gene for either enzyme. PMID- 45610 TI - Bacteriophage SPP1 polypeptides synthesized in infected minicells and in vitro. AB - Minicells produced by B. subtilis CU403divIVB1 and infected by SPP1 synthesize at least 46 polypeptides which can be separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These polypeptides represent the expression of 86% of the SPP1 genome's coding capacity. Infection of minicells by sus mutants and deletion mutants of SPP1 has permitted a correlation of genetic location with gene product and has shown that SPP1 normally synthesizes at least 8 non-essential polypeptides. Restriction fragments of SPP1 produced by EcoRI digestion of SPP1 DNA have been purified and used as template DNA in a coupled transcription/translation system derived from E. coli to determine the polypeptides encoded by the individual fragments. SPP1 expression in minicells differs from SPP1 expression in nucleated cells (Esche, 1975) in that late syntheses are not dependent on phage DNA replication in infected minicells. PMID- 45611 TI - Genetic control of maltase synthesis in yeast. IV. Function of the MAL4 gene: extragenic suppression of a maltase negative mutant. AB - A new series of maltase negative mutants have been isolated from yeast strains carrying the MAL4 gene. These mutants are allelic to the MAL4 gene and fail to ferment maltose, sucrose, and alpha-methylglucoside. Most revertants isolated from these mutants restore the ability to ferment above sugars, and also produce the same levels of maltase as the parental strains. One of the revertants (NA-520 R1), however, ferments maltose slowly, and produces 24 fold less enzyme than the parental strain. Genetic studies revealed that revertant (NA-520-R1), is not a true back mutation but is carrying an extra-genic suppressor, which suppresses the mal4 allele in mutant (NA-520). Since several lines of published evidence indicate that the MAL4 gene is a regulatory gene, it is suggested that the MAL4 gene codes for a regulatory protein, which acts as a positive regulatory element in maltase synthesis. PMID- 45612 TI - Physical map of the coliphage 186 chromosome. I. Gene content of the BamHI, PstI and other restriction fragments. PMID- 45613 TI - Proton conductor vs. cold in induction of Ca(2+)-dependent competence in Escherichia coli. AB - In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of Ca(2+)-dependent competence in gram-negative bacteria an attempt was made to induce the competence at room temperature in presence of a proton conductor, carbonylcyanide-m chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). Escherichia coli K12 cells treated with Ca2+ at 25 degrees or 37 degrees C in presence of CCCP became permeable for transforming plasmid and transfecting DNAs and DNA-binding antibiotic actinomycin C (AmC) and rubomycin (Rm) at room temperature. The efficiencies of transformation and transfection, however, were by 1-3 orders of magnitude lower compared to cells, treated with Ca2+ at 0 degree C, though both recipients did not differ significantly in their susceptibility to AmC and Rm. Possible mechanisms of Ca2+ action in both recipient systems are discussed in terms of molecular interactions. PMID- 45614 TI - Molecular characterization of the genomes of actinophages SH3, SH10, SH11, and SH12 infecting Streptomyces hygroscopicus. AB - Some physico-chemical properties of the DNAs released from the actinophages SH3, SH10, SH11, and SH12 are described. The four phage DNAs have a linear double stranded secondary structure and are unique with respect to their high G.C contents which, from melting studies and buoyant density experiments, were found to be in the range of 68-73 mol-%. The DNA molecular weights were determined by sedimentation velocity experiments and by electron microscopic length measurements, the mean values of the two corresponding data sets being 34.0 x 10(6) (SH3), 26.7 x 10(6) (SH10), 26.1 x 10(6) (SH11), and 28.7 x 10(6) (SH12) with a mean relative error of +/- 5%. From different observations it was concluded that SH10 DNA, and possibly also SH11 and SH12 DNA, have cohesive ends and can undergo intramolecular or intermolecular association to form ring-like monomers or linear and ring-like multimers. Cleavage of the DNAs of SH3, SH10, SH11, and SH12 by EcoRI restriction endonuclease delivered two, one, zero, and two cleavage sites, respectively, and by BamHI restriction endonuclease eight, zero, zero, and zero cleavage sites, respectively. PMID- 45615 TI - Aberrant immunity behaviour of hybrid lambda imm21 phages containing the DNA of ColE1-type plasmids. AB - Hybrid lambda and lambda imm21 bacteriophages carrying various ColE1-type plasmids have been constructed in vitro. The lambda imm21/plasmid recombinants display aberrant immunity behaviour, giving clear plaques under conditions where the parental phages give turbid ones and being able to grow on homoimmune lysogens. lambda imm lambda/plasmid recombinants show no such unusual behaviour. Studies with hybrids of a lambda imm21 cITS phage carrying pMB9 DNA showed the operation of the plasmid's replication system to be the basic cause of the aberrant immunity behaviour. The plasmid replication system could act as a complete alternative to the phage system during vegetative phage growth. The probable reason that lambda imm21 phages show such altered phenotypes when carrying a functional plasmid replication origin, whereas lambda imm lambda and lambda imm434 (Mukai et al., 1978) phages do not, is the relative ease of titration of the phage 21 repressor to allow transcription from pR21. Various uses are considered for the altered phenotypic behaviour of lambda imm21/ColE1 type plasmid hybrids. PMID- 45616 TI - Steroid contraception and the risk of neoplasia. Report of a WHO Scientific Group. PMID- 45617 TI - [Thin layer chromatographic extraction of the histologic section--a combination of microanalytic and histochemical methods]. AB - Thin layer chromatography as extraction method for histological sections. A combined microanalytical and histochemical procedure. A combined histochemical and chromatographical procedure is described to identify tissue components such as lipids, free amino acids, carbohydrates and steroids in cryosections. Fixed or unfixed sections are extracted by solvents of decreasing or increasing polarity. The extracts are then analysed by chromatographical techniques known from analysis of tissue homogenates. The extracted sections can be controlled by histochemical staining. Our technique is demonstrated in detail by analysis of lipids in bovine seminal vesicle epithelium, by analysis of free-amino acids in rat brain and pituitary and by analysis of steroids in male rat adrenal gland. PMID- 45618 TI - [Electron microscopic detection of choline groups in membrane-bound and extracellular lipids with iodoplatinate]. PMID- 45619 TI - [Can the Baker method serve as a histochemically specific phospholipid detector?]. PMID- 45620 TI - [Cytospectrometric studies on the reactions of DDD with protein SH- and -SS groups--determination of the endpoint of the DDD reaction with protein SH groups]. PMID- 45621 TI - [Quantification of protein thioles in the basal epithelial cells of the cervix uteri of healthy women]. PMID- 45622 TI - [The relationship of entero-endocrine cells to serotonin synthesis]. PMID- 45623 TI - [The specificity and sensitivity of the gelatin base protease substrate film test ]. AB - Highly sensitive gelatin substrate films prepared according to a recent variant of the procedure are studied for their susceptibility to the action of various endopeptidases and exopeptidases. Trypsin, papain, elastase, and chymotrypsin are found to hydrolyze the gelatin films most easily, while higher enzyme concentrations are required in case of pepsin, plasmin and collagenase. The exopeptidases, i.e. leucine aminopeptidase, amino acid arylamidase and carboxypeptidases A and B do not cause lysis of gelatin substrate films. The example of a rabbit blastocyst protease involved in implantation is given to demonstrate the application of gelatin substrate film tests for studies of enzymes which have no or little activity against known synthetic substrates (like BANA or GPNA) but hydrolyze gelatin films. Studies of interactions of this blastocyst protease with various inhibitors of known specificity, however, show that the active center of this enzyme nevertheless has striking similarities to trypsin (and also to chymotrypsin). The enzyme is possibly related to elastase. It is emphasized that, besides this, there are a number of different protease type enzymes in rabbit blastocyst and uterine tissues, some of which can be demonstrated only with chromogenic substrates and some only by gelatin methods. Aspects of applicability of the two types of protease tests are briefly discussed. PMID- 45624 TI - [5'-Nucleotidase in rat liver--specificity problems and rhythmic variations]. PMID- 45625 TI - [The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in skeletal muscle tissues of patients with muscular diseases]. PMID- 45626 TI - Phosphatase activities at the plasma membrane of rabbit luteal cells. PMID- 45627 TI - [Histologic-histochemical findings in the salivary glands of guinea pigs after sectioning the chorda tympani]. AB - We investigated Gl. submandibularis and Gl. sublingualis of the guinea-pig 1, 2, 5, 7, 14 und 28 days after section of the Chorda tympani with histological histochemical methods. The innervation pattern of both glands (Gl. submandibularis: aminergic-cholinergic double innervated; Gl. sublingualis: cholinergic innervated) remains unchanged. In the gland cells the following effects were observed: a) Gl. sublingualis. In the first 3 days apocrine and holocrine secretion phenomena are often seen, suggesting a maximal stimulation of the gland parenchyma. They are accompanied with cellular reactions of the interstitial space. In a second phase a new gland cell population appears that uniformly exhibits intracellular accumulation of secretion products. Involution begins from the 14th day on. Secretory cells are dedifferentiated to intercalated duct cells; autophagic processes help to degradate the accumulated secretion granules. b) Gl. submandibularis. Here the effects are less dramatic. The accumulation of the secretory granules starts as soon as 24 h after section of the Chorda and is maximal between the 5th and 8th p. o. day. Involution of the gland begins from the 14th day on. The accumulated secretory granules show high activities of two histochemically demonstrable enzymes, the cholinesterase and the peroxidase. PMID- 45628 TI - [The cytochemistry of storage cells (Gaucher-type cells, sea-blue histiocytes) in myeloproliferative diseases]. PMID- 45629 TI - [Enzyme cytochemical and immunocytologic studies of mycosis fungoides]. PMID- 45630 TI - [Immunohistochemical findings in malignant lymphatic system diseases]. PMID- 45631 TI - [Electron microscopic--histochemical studies on the interdigital reticulum cells in the lymph nodes of the rat]. PMID- 45632 TI - [Enzyme histochemical studies on the effect of the regeneration process on the therapeutic parameters in gastric stress ulcer in the rat]. PMID- 45633 TI - Histochemical and biochemical investigations of adenosine triphosphatase in vertebrate mixed muscles. AB - Mammalian and avian muscles were examined histochemically and biochemically to determine the relative contribution of membrane bound (mitochondrial and sarcotubular) ATPases under the same conditions employed for myofibrillar ATPase. For histochemically investigated Ca+(+)-ATPase activity following incubation at pH 9.4 according to the calcium-citro-phosphate technique, avian muscle displayed distinct mitochondrial localization in both dark and light staining fibres. However, mitochondrial localization did not occur in mammalian muscle fibres. Pretreatment of unfixed frozen sections with ouabain, cyanide and acetone did not prevent the reticular distribution in avian muscle fibres. The present study demonstrates that "myofibrillar" localization is achieved by the Ca+(+) precipitation technique: provided frozen sections are pretreated with cold acetone, fixed in a fixative containing oligomycin or azide and then incubated in a medium containing glycine-NaO H as buffer. Mitochondria prepared by successive mechanical homogenization or by Nagarse treatment plus 2 min homogenization develop different ATPase activities at pH 9.4 7.4 6.0 and 4.35 as well as stimulation by 70 mM Ca++ at these pHs compared to those ATPase activities in the homogenate of mixed hamster hind leg muscles. Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase (both located at the outer surface of the inner mitochondrial membrane) and succinate dehydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase (localized at the inner mitochondrial membrane and in the matrix resp.) also show different activities in both mitochondria preparations indicating different membrane properties of both mitochondria. Evidence is obtained that using the calcium citro-phosphate technique at pH 9.4 oligomycin-sensitive and -insensitive ATPases are activated by Ca++ in both mitochondria preparations. Since in muscle homogenate less than 10% of Ca+(+)-stimulated ATPase activity is oligomycin sensitive, mitochondrial ATPase exhibit only a small portion of total ATPase from mixed hamster hind leg muscles. PMID- 45634 TI - [Structure and enzymatic digestion of glycoproteins with particular regard to neuraminic acid]. PMID- 45635 TI - [Cytochemical studies of ultrathin frozen sections of blood platelets]. AB - Results obtained by conventional techniques and freeze-ultramicrotomie have been compared. Ultrathin frozen sections of platelets, which are fixed by glutaraldehyde, freeze-protected by polyvinyl-pyrrolidone and encapsulated in gelatin show a well preserved fine structure after staining with buffered OsO4, phosphotungstic, phosphomolybdic or ammoniummolybdic acid. The preservation of polysaccharides or mucopolysaccharides depends on a suitable fixation, that of glycogen in certain cases depends on a double fixation (glutaraldehyde and OsO4). Cytoplasmic nucleoproteins like ribosomes are visible only after drying of sections and staining with uranyl-acetate. Lipids, both membrane lipoproteins as well as lipids in the matrices of cell organelles, are well preserved. For example the zinc-iodide osmiumtetroxide reaction yields positive results in frozen sections contrary to such obtained by conventional methods. Furthermore, the extraction of altered lipids after staining with dyes like acridine orange does not take place with this method. For this reasons the freeze-ultramicrotomy seems to be an useful alternative method. PMID- 45636 TI - [Selectivity and specificity of experimental and control reactions in electron microscopic carbohydrate histochemistry]. PMID- 45637 TI - [Theoretical basis and practical importance of enzyme inhibition]. PMID- 45638 TI - [Specificity problems in histochemical enzyme detection]. PMID- 45639 TI - [The chemistry of the positive contrast reaction of glycogen in epoxy thin layers with phosphotungstic acid (PTA). III. The selectivity of the reaction in comparison to other methods for contrasting glycogen ]. PMID- 45640 TI - [The chemistry of the positive contrast reaction of glycogen in epoxy thin layers with phosphotungstic acid (PTA). IV. Some new results in the PTA controversy]. PMID- 45641 TI - The response of the renal and femoral vascular beds to coronary embolization in the dog. PMID- 45642 TI - The active and passive components of extravascular coronary resistance. PMID- 45643 TI - Alterations in coronary sinus pO2 and O2 saturation resulting from pCO2 changes. PMID- 45644 TI - Effect of propranolol and isoprenaline on regional left ventricular blood flow in experimental myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 45645 TI - Collagen and the myocardium. A study of their normal development and relationship in the rabbit. PMID- 45646 TI - The effects of lower body negative pressure on the cardiovascular system of the anaesthetized rabbit. PMID- 45647 TI - Influence of increased glucose concentration and temperature on contractile activity of rat papillary muscles during and after anoxia. PMID- 45648 TI - Absence of effect of cardiac denervation and induced right ventricular failure on canine myocardial norepinephrine binding sites. PMID- 45649 TI - The signal content of three corrected orthogonal lead systems with respect to total body information. PMID- 45650 TI - Effects of prostaglandins E1, E2, A1, and A2 on the resistance and capacitance vessels in the hind limb of the dog. PMID- 45651 TI - The effect of oral propranolol upon the ECG changes occurring in subarachnoid haemorrhage. PMID- 45652 TI - Observations on ischaemic contracture of the heart ('stone heart'). PMID- 45653 TI - Effects of severe acute hypoxia on the distribution of cardiac electrolytes and water. PMID- 45654 TI - Disturbances of heart rhythm produced by 50 Hz leakage currents in dogs. PMID- 45655 TI - Disturbances of heart rhythm produced by 50 Hz leakage currents in human subjects. PMID- 45656 TI - Intra-arterial injection of abused drugs. PMID- 45657 TI - A modified double dye injection method for pulmonary blood volume determination. III. Validation in man. PMID- 45658 TI - Measurement of PO2 and PCO2 of gases and liquids at 2Ata using externally pressurized electrodes. PMID- 45659 TI - Observations on left ventricular failure induced by ethanol. PMID- 45660 TI - Whatever happened to brain scan and EEG? PMID- 45661 TI - Wanted: team physicians. We train. TMA Committee on Athletics. PMID- 45662 TI - What's new in otorhinolaryngology. PMID- 45663 TI - Insulin therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 45664 TI - Renal sodium regulation and salt-wasting nephropathy. PMID- 45665 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants: pharmacology and clinical considerations. PMID- 45667 TI - No-fault professional liability insurance: another view. PMID- 45666 TI - No-fault medical malpractice insurance. PMID- 45668 TI - Malignant mesenchymoma of the retroperitoneum: a case report. PMID- 45669 TI - Lift for life--a glance at three emergency airlift programs. PMID- 45670 TI - Acute decompression sickness: 50 cases. AB - In a review of the most recent 50 consecutive cases of acute decompression sickness in US Navy divers undergoing training at the Naval School, Diving and Salvage, in no instance was recompression following the initial treatment necessary, nor was there any permanent morbidity post-treatment. Factors common to this series are 1) strict physical screening and conditioning; 2) physician and diver awareness of the signs and symptoms of decompression sickness; 3) short surface interval between symptom onset and recompression; 4) aggressive diagnostic and therapeutic use of hyperbaric oxygenation, and 5) judicious use of adjunctive measures such as intravenous fluid and dexamethasone (Decadron). In the ideal management, the physician sees the patient shortly after symptom appears. As soon as central nervous system involvement appears, 100% oxygen by mask is administered and the patient is recompressed supine to 60 feet of sea water. PMID- 45671 TI - Evaluation of cardiac arrests managed by paramedics. AB - The effectiveness of cardiac resuscitations by Cincinnati paramedics was monitored for one year. The outcome of every arrest was assigned to one of four categories: dead on arrival, died in the emergency department, died in the hospital or discharged alive, and each patient was followed until death or discharge from a hospital. Of the 147 people in the study group, 22 left the hospital alive, a long-term success rate of 15%, and another 26 died during hospitalization, 18% of the study population. This data is comparable to success rates reported by other prehospital care systems. Furthermore, this data indicates approximately 15% of people who have cardiac arrests outside of a hospital can survive through prompt intervention by trained personnel. PMID- 45672 TI - Extension of emergency medical care: continuing emergency care clinic. AB - An alternative follow-up system, a Continuing Emergency Care clinic (CEC) was developed at The Medical College of Pennsylvania in an attempt to increase emergency department patient compliance for follow-up. One year after the CEC was in operation, in an attempt to determine variables influencing the effectiveness of the clinic, a total of 375 emergency department patients given follow-up appointments to the CEC were studied. Results showed that a change in the structure of the clinic appointment and a shift in the line of responsibility for follow-up care directly to the emergency physician are two major variables positively affecting patient compliance. PMID- 45674 TI - Preventing complications of subclavian vein catheterization. AB - The proximity of the subclavian vein to several important structures of the arm, neck and chest make serious complications in subclavian catheterization occur in 0.4% to 9.9% of cases. Complications can be in immediate, chronic and late categories. An understanding of the anatomy, venography and a step-by-step technique of catheterization will help prevent complications and assist the physician in recognizing them when they occur. PMID- 45673 TI - Resuscitation algorithm for management of acute emergencies. AB - Assuming that unrecognized or inadequately corrected hypovolemia results in higher mortality and morbidity rates, we developed a systematic approach to resuscitation that would: 1) identify criteria to aid in the recognition of hypovolemia and ensure the expeditious correction of this defect without interfering with diagnostic workup and management; 2) define criteria to prevent fluid overload which may jeopardize the patient's course, and 3) express these criteria in an explicit, systematic, patient care algorithm, ie, protocol, useful to both the resident and the practicing physician. We are now conducting prospective clinical trials with one service using the algorithm and the others acting as the control group. Preliminary results comparing patient outcomes suggest that the algorithm improves patient care by shortening resuscitation time and results in fewer hospital days, intensive care unit days, febrile days, and days on mechanical ventilation as well as reduced mortality. The algorithm provides a systematic plan to organize patient care so that the most urgently needed procedures are not delayed or overlooked. PMID- 45675 TI - The emergency nurse practitioner: the role and training of an emerging health professional. PMID- 45676 TI - Interview with George Podgorny, MD--ACEP president. PMID- 45677 TI - Traumatic acute pericardial tamponade. PMID- 45678 TI - Evaluation of physician skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - Thirty-five physicians at various levels of postgraduate training in internal medicine were evaluated for performance skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) according to standards of the American Heart Association. They were given instruction in only the cognitive knowledge related to CPR through lectures and a demonstration of the technique, without supervised manikin practice. Only 22% (8) of the physicians tested were able to adequately compress and ventilate the manikin in a simulated cardiac arrest. Although physicians are proficient in the use of drugs during resuscitative efforts, it is also imperative that they be able to perform basic CPR. PMID- 45679 TI - Assessing the validity of EMS data. AB - Variation in the assessment of basic clinical data gathered by emergency medical technicians and emergency department nurses was studied. Prior to testing, precise definitions, categories and procedures were developed and tolerance limits for the quantitative variables were created. Each participant evaluated four consecutive patients simultaneously with another evaluator setting the standard. The results indicate that the error rate is low to moderate for the different variables. For the quantitative variables, the error rate is over 20% and, when an error does occur, it is often very large. This indicates a need for ongoing emphasis on accurate measurement and, in cases where highly accurate data is essential, the use of multiple observers. PMID- 45680 TI - Airless paint gun injuries: an update. AB - The airless paint gun delivers paint at pressures approximating 3,000 psi. Paint accidently injected into the skin under this pressure causes a devastating injury which is a result of the paint material, the level of bacterial contamination, and the pressure at which the paint is delivered. The time interval between injury and treatment seems a critical determinant of outcome. Decompression of the closed vascular compartments of the hand must be begun immediately to release the underlying tissue distended by the injected paint. Judicious wound debridement must be performed. Immediate antibiotic treatment is indicated in all patients. Studies seem to indicate that steroids limit the severity of inflammatory response. A regimen of hydrocortisone sodium succinate, 100 mg IV, administered immediately before surgery should be followed by a seven-day tapering course of oral prednisone starting with 40 mg on the first postoperative day. Recent safety measures and consumer warnings through the Consumer Product Safety Commission may reduce the number of airless paint gun injuries. PMID- 45681 TI - Airway management in patients with central nervous system depression. AB - In central nervous system (CNS) depressed patients, a sequential approach is necessary to prevent airway obstruction and aspiration of vomitus. Endotracheal intubation is indicated if the lash reflex is absent, response to stimulation is not purposeful, or airway obstruction develops when the patient's neck is flexed. Aspiration may result from CNS depression, abnormal glottic function, or extreme debilitation. It may occur in cannulated patients with improper cuff management or after decannulation while glottic reflexes are ineffective. PMID- 45682 TI - Gasoline contact burns. AB - In the past four years, four cases of gasoline contact burns have been treated at the Detroit General Hospital Emergency Department. Signs are erythema and blister formation within 24 hours. Treatment is removal of contaminated clothing and washing the surface with soap and water plus open exposure of the wounds. Renal failure is not caused by skin absorption but may develop following inhalation. PMID- 45683 TI - Methemoglobinemia: nitrobenzene ingestion. AB - In an unusually severe case of multiple toxin ingestion, a 48-year-old man ingested approximately 300 cc of Hoppe's Gunpower Solvent #9, which contains kerosene, denatured ethyl alcohol, oil and nitrobenzene. The major manifestation was nitrobenzene-induced methemoglobinemia of rapid onset. Treatment involves the judicious use of 1% methylene blue plus, in severe cases, hemodynamic and ventilatory support. The patient recovered after 48 hours and was transferred to the psychiatric service with continued follow-up for a mild poison-induced hemolytic anemia. PMID- 45684 TI - A new technique for subclavian puncture. AB - A new technique for performing and teaching subclavian punctures based on the finding of a new landmark--a small tubercle on the medial aspect of the deltopectoral groove, is presented. This tubercle has been found to be easily palpable on 92% of individuals examined. With this new landmark and the technique described the novice can quickly master this procedure with very little difficulty. The author found that both clinicians inexperienced in subclavian puncture and nursing personnel performed the procedure successfully after the first or second trial. PMID- 45685 TI - Intestinal infarction. PMID- 45686 TI - Emergency transtracheal ventilation. PMID- 45687 TI - Disaster drills. PMID- 45688 TI - Animal bites. PMID- 45689 TI - Gonococcal cultures. PMID- 45690 TI - Syphilis and pelvic inflammatory disease screening. PMID- 45691 TI - Prioritizing clinical and nonclinical issues for emergency department quality assessment studies. AB - There is a need at both the emergency department and national level for a systematic method to prioritize clinical and nonclinical areas for research and quality assessment. A method has been developed and applied that allows frequently presenting diagnoses and management issues to be rated in terms of morbidity generated, efficacy of (optimal) clinical intervention, discrepancy between optimal and current treatment, and the impact of an evaluative intervention study on improving care. Also, a summary research priority score was derived. When this method was used by physicians, nurses and administrators at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Adult Emergency Department, a reasonable level of agreement between the three responding groups emerged. PMID- 45692 TI - Respiratory function following application of MAST trousers. AB - To determine whether counterpressure suits such as the medical anti-shock trousers (MAST) reduce functional ventilation, 25 consecutive patients who received MAST support were reviewed retrospectively. The indications for use of MAST were systolic pressure below 80 mm Hg or clinical signs and pressure below 100 mm Hg. In the five patients with head injuries severe acidosis developed, with a mean pH of 7.19. The other groups had only mild acidosis. Although counterpressure suits have been shown to affect mechanical pulmonary function, alveolar ventilation is not significantly impaired. PMID- 45693 TI - Falls from heights. AB - Falls from heights are most commonly due to accidents in children and suicide, accident, and crime-related incidents in adults. Two types of injury result from falls from heights: injury resulting from direct impact and deceleration-type injury. The injuries resulting from direct impact are mostly fractures. The body position at impact is crucial. The deceleration forces immediately post-impact result primarily in visceral and internal injury, including cranial injury. There is a lack of correlation between os calcis fractures and vertebral fractures. Spinal cord injury is infrequent. Survival figures are higher than usually assumed. PMID- 45694 TI - Emergency management of radiation accidents. AB - The Joint Committee on Accreditation of Hospitals requires that hospitals have a written procedure to cope with radiation accidents. Emergency personnel, specifically, should be prepared to manage radiation accident victims initially. Guidelines currently in use in over 15 hospitals in the United States include 1) advance notification to the hospital of arrival of such patients; 2) designated treatment area; 3) operating room attire; 4) perform life-saving functions first; 5) cover open wounds and remove clothing; 6) search for contamination with radiation detector, or 7) flush all wounds if no radiation detector is available; 8) wash patient; 9) evaluate internal and external radiation exposure, and 10) obtain medical consultation. For community hospitals, a less elaborate procedure will suffice for adequate handling of radiation accident victims and accreditation. PMID- 45695 TI - Acute traumatic cardiac tamponade: diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 45696 TI - Nonresuscitative aspects of the management of severe injuries. AB - Although resuscitation of seriously injured patients in the emergency department is the physician's primary consideration, there are other important aspects of overall care. These include attention to the patient's family and friends and their reaction to a loved one's serious injury or death, as well as the effect of the injuries and initial treatment upon the patient, particularly if he regains consciousness in an apparently unreal world, connected to machines by various tubes and unable to speak. PMID- 45698 TI - Frontiers of hypothermia research. PMID- 45697 TI - Torsion of the fallopian tube. AB - Although an infrequent cause of acute lower abdominal pain, fallopian tube torsion should be considered whenever a woman presents with this complaint. Early diagnosis and surgical intervention may save a tube that has not yet infarcted, yet initial presentation may give little indication of the seriousness of the condition until peritonitis develops. Definitive treatment is removal of the affected adnexa. Diminished fertility and an increased incidence of ectopic pregnancy in the remaining fallopian tube follows unilateral salpingectomy. A case history of fallopian tube torsion is presented. PMID- 45699 TI - How to access college resources. PMID- 45700 TI - Another view on limitations of CPR. PMID- 45701 TI - Accidental hypothermia. PMID- 45703 TI - The microcomputer in the emergency department: a clinical information center. AB - A microcomputer system was developed for the Tri-City Hospital Emergency Department to serve as a clinical information center. The system is being used to better allocate resources, both personnel and materials, to accurately assess the nature of the problems presenting to the emergency department, to aid in the diagnosis and laboratory test interpretation, to improve the quality of care, to serve as an epidemiological tool and to help in the education of emergency care personnel. PMID- 45702 TI - Shock and resuscitation. II: Volume repletion with minimal edema using the "HALFD"(Hypertonic Albuminated Fluid Demand) regimen. AB - A hypertonic albuminated fluid demand regimen (HALFD) for resuscitation has been used in burn patients since January 1, 1976. The effects of the HALFD method were compared with hypertonic fluid and Ringer's lactate resuscitation. Specific attention was directed to fluid, colloid, and volume changes. Resuscitation was guided by maintaining the mean arterial pressure between 60 to 110 torr, and urine volume at 30 to 50 ml/hr. Patients treated with the HALFD method fared significantly better clinically, needed less fluid, had less weight gain and plasma leak, and experienced slower plasma volume repletion than those treated more traditionally. We conclude that the HALFD method is a physically and physiologically appropriate paradigm for resuscitating the volume-depleted patient. PMID- 45704 TI - Scientific communications. AB - Scientific communications have two main forms, oral presentation at scientific meetings, accompanied by audio-visual aids, and manuscripts prepared for publication in scientific journals. In an oral presentation, the author should be prepared to speak for ten minutes, without depending on notes, and have prepared answers to anticipated questions. Slides are standard aids to summarize and reinforce the material. Preparation of manuscripts follows well-established guidelines available from scientific journals. Manuscripts should proceed from introduction to methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. Prior to writing, the author should answer the following: 1) What is the purpose of this communication? 2) How is this communication different from other data already in the literature? What is its unique contribution? 3) Who is the audience? Manuscripts will go through as many as seven drafts. PMID- 45705 TI - Emergency medicine residencies--1984: an Orwellian warning. PMID- 45706 TI - Approved EMT-A training in a rural high school. PMID- 45707 TI - A universal filing system for emergency medicine. PMID- 45708 TI - Cricothyrotomy instrumentation. PMID- 45709 TI - [Anatomic and histologic studies of a Triatominae subfamily (Heteroptera, Reduviidae). Triatoma infestans' brain and its nerves]. AB - To give a concrete aspect of structure, topography and function of the different nervous systems of the Triatominae, we begin this study with a description of the senso-motor system. As the first part we choose the study of the brain and its nerves. The external form of the brain is conditioned by the anatomy and morphology of the head. The brain is situated in the posterior part of the head beneath and behind the ocelli. It is characterized by the reduction of its longitudinal extension and, by this, the connectives between Syncerebrum and Gnathocerebrum are extremely short, but large, and the third commissure is included in the mass of the mandibular segment of the Gnatocerebrum. The optical masses are of the typical form, also the optical commissure. The Central Corps is volumous and is directly linked with the majority of the centres of the Protocerebrum and Deutocerebrum. The Pedunculated Corps has only one glomerulus that looks like a pedunculated mushroom without any signal of the formation of a calyx, found in ants and other more evoluted insects. Beneath the Central Corps, the extremities of the pedunculus disintegrate and form a number of claviform annexes like in the primitive Machilidae. The Deutocerebrum is characterized by volumous antennal centre, composed by numerous little glomeruli in peripheral situation. The Tritocerebrum is very reduced and has in its anterior part two very short frontal connectives and, by this, the frontal ganglion lies near the Tritocerebrum. The compact mass of the Gnathocerebrum shows its composition by three pairs of ganglions only by observation of series of preparations. With exception of the Lobi optici, 8 pair nerves and 3 impair nerves come from the brain: From the Protocerebrum: the nerves of the ocelli and the nerve of the Corpus allatum. From the Deutocerebrum: the nerves of the antennae and those of the pharynx. From the Tritocerebrum, the nerves of the labrum and, by the frontal ganglion, the Nervus recurrens and the nerve of pharyngeal muscles. From the Gnathocerebrum: the nerves of the amndibulae, maxillae, labium and of the salivary glands. PMID- 45710 TI - [Complement fixation reaction in the typing of influenza viruses isolated in Rio de Janeiro]. AB - The author studied by the complement fixation test the influenza virus strains isolated in Rio de Janeiro during the 1973 epidemic. He prepared immunesera in hamsters by the inoculation of the allantoic fluid from infected chick embryos with each of the 7 isolated strains and the standard strains. The soluble antigens were prepared with the allantoic fluid of infected chick embryos. The tests were identically positive with the A2/Hong Kong/68 and A2/England/72 antigens and negative with the B/Mass/66. The tests were type specific and the behaviour of the A2/Hong Kong/68 and the A2/England/72 and the 7 strains of the isolated viruses was almost the same. They fixed 3 or 4 units of complement. The variants PR8, FM1 and Asia fixed only 2 units of complement. PMID- 45711 TI - [Immunoglobulins in the chronic phase of Chagas disease]. AB - Since divergent results were obtained by different authors about immunoglobulins concentration in sera from acute and chronic cases of Chagas disease, the problem was submitted to statistical approach in field conditions in the endemic zone of Bambui, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Positives cases were considered in all individuals presenting evidences in parasitological, immunological or electrocardiographical examination living exactly in the same conditions, but without any evidence of infection under the same criteria. The sample consisted of 32 chronic cases and no significant difference in the immunoglobulins levels were detected in chronic cases of Chagas disease as compared with the control group. Heterophili antibodies are being determined in chronic cases and apparently there is no relationship between its concentration and pathogenic effects. PMID- 45712 TI - The effects of hyperpotassaemia on cardiac performance. PMID- 45713 TI - Systemic chromomycosis. PMID- 45714 TI - The effect of topically applied gamma-Oryzanol on sebaceous glands. PMID- 45715 TI - Purification and isolation of a biologically active peptido-rhamnogalactan from Sporothrix schenckii. PMID- 45716 TI - Occupational and environmental allergic problems of the skin. PMID- 45717 TI - Distribution of immune deposits in the skin of reversed passive arthus reaction using horseradish peroxidase as antigen. PMID- 45718 TI - Fibrinolysis in the rat lung after intravenous tumour cell injection. AB - Intravenous injection of a tumour cell suspension in rats induced an early tendency to increased fibrinolysis followed by a temporarily, significantly decreased fibrinolytic activity in lung vessels. These reactions were similar to those previously found after a large trauma and might reflect the vascular reaction to thrombotic material trapped in the lung microcirculation. PMID- 45719 TI - Karyology of a human colonic carcinoma (GW-39) serially xenografted in hamsters and in nude mice. AB - A karyological analysis of the G-banded chromosomes of the serially transplantable GW-39 human colonic carcinoma was undertaken. GW-39 cells harvested from hamsters, nude (athymic) mice and cell cultures from 1972 to 1976 revealed a hypodiploid stemline of 45 human chromosomes, with a consistent loss of a 21-chromosome. No apparent alterations of the near-diploid stemline resulted during long-term xenogeneic propagation of this human cancer line. PMID- 45720 TI - Carcinogenic effect of di-isopropanolnitrosamine on the rat thyroid gland. AB - Up to a 50% rate of thyroid gland tumours was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats after s.c. administration of di-isopropanolnitrosamine (DIPN). The neoplasms occurred both unilaterally and bilaterally, and were identified histologically as adenomas and adenocarcinomas of follicular epithelium origin. In a few instances, adenomas were observed as early as 18 weeks after commencement of treatment. Most adenocarcinomas could be observed macroscopically, and frequently demonstrated infiltration into the surrounding muscles. PMID- 45721 TI - Partial inhibition of primary lung tumourigenesis by tetramisole. AB - Continuous treatment of mice with tetramisole (TMS, approximately 8 mg/kg/day) resulted in a highly significant (p < 0.002) reduction in numbers of primary lung tumours forming in response to neonatal urethane injection. Kinetic study indicated the slopes of the oncogenesis response curves differed, but not significantly. Therefore inhibition of primary lung tumourigenesis was only partial, even though TMS was given during the early stages of tumour development, continuously, and at near maximum tolerable dosage. PMID- 45722 TI - Blastogenic response and EBNA induction in human lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus only requires B cells but not macrophages. AB - The postulated role of macrophages in the primary infection of human lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was examined. Macrophage removal had no effect on the blastogenic response but slightly reduced the percentage of EBNA-positive cells induced by the B 95-8 virus strain. Both the rate of DNA synthesis and the appearance of EBNA-positive cells could rather be related to the number of B cells in the infected populations. Macrophages are thus not required for the initiation of EBV-induced lymphocyte transformation. PMID- 45723 TI - Mutagenicities of smoke condensates and the charred surface of fish and meat. AB - Smoke condensates obtained from broiling fish showed mutagenic activity for Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98. Metabolic activation was required to induce mutagenic activity of smoke condensates of some species of fish. The smoke condensate obtained during charcoal broiling of beefsteak was far less mutagenic than that of fish, with or without metabolic activation. Extracts of the charred surface of broiled fish and meat also contained mutagenic substances. These extracts needed metabolic activation to exhibit mutagenicities on TA98. The mutagenic activity of the smoke condensate obtained from one sardine weighing 100 g was equivalent to that of 132 micrograms benzo(a)pyrene and that of the charred surface of the sardine was equivalent to 358 micrograms benzo(a)pyrene. One piece of beefsteak weighing 190 g, contained mutagenic activity equivalent to that of 855 micrograns benzo(a)pyrene. PMID- 45724 TI - The comparative toxicity and therapeutic efficacy of adriamycin and the adriamycin-DNA complex in the chemotherapy of C3H mice with transplanted mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - Tissue analyses and tumour regression studies using the oncolytic antibiotic, adriamycin (14-hydroxydaunomycin), and its DNA complex at adriamycin dosages of 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg were made on C3H mice with transplanted mammary adenocarcinoma. Chemical analysis indicated a significantly lower (P < 0.05) uptake of adriamycin into cardiac tissue for the adriamycin-DNA complex. Tumour regression was comparable for both the complex and free adriamycin. Results suggest an advantageous role for the adriamycin DNA complex in the chemotherapy of metastatic breast carcinoma. PMID- 45725 TI - Improvement of pancreatic cancer model by modified treatment with N-nitroso-bis (2-oxopropyl) amine. AB - Comparative studies were conducted in 2 groups of Syrian golden hamsters treated with N-nitroso-bis (2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) weekly for life (group A) or weekly for 6 weeks (group B), and sacrificed at 2-week intervals. Pancreatic neoplasms developed as early as 8 weeks (group B) and 10 weeks (group A); however, in group B there were fewer, smaller lesions, well-differentiated morphologically. Liver neoplasms occurred only in group A, while gallbladder and kidney tumors were seen in both groups. A lower incidence of pulmonary adenomas was found in group B than in group A, which also had pulmonary carcinomas. The results indicate a further advance in the development of a pancreatic cancer model. PMID- 45726 TI - The deficiency of cyclic AMP responsive G1 controls in cultured malignant liver epithelial cells. AB - Normal rat liver epithelial cells in culture were blocked outside the S phase by dibutyryl cyclic AMP while malignant rat liver epithelial cells were slowed in S phase. It is suggested that this lack of normal response to a growth inhibitory factor by malignant cells may underly their relatively autonomous growth behavior. PMID- 45727 TI - Cytoplasmic receptors for 17 beta-estradiol, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and progesterone in normal and abnormal human uterine tissues. AB - Determinations of specific cytoplasmic receptors for 17 beta-estradiol (E), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and progesterone (P) in normal and abnormal endometrium are reported. The standardization of methodology with particular emphasis on specificity trials is outlined. Receptors were present in all but one case, a moderately differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma. Generally speaking, steroid and peptide hormone plasma content in patients with malignant conditions were at the lower limit values of normal, except for follicle-stimulating hormone which had values significantly higher than normal. The question of E competition with DHT in binding DHT-receptor and the therapeutic implications of P-receptor estimation are discussed. PMID- 45728 TI - Binding of N-hydroxy acetylaminofluorene to eu- and heterochromatin fractions of rat liver in vivo. AB - The in vivo binding of N-hydroxy acetylaminofluorene (N-OH AAF) to rat liver DNA was studied in hetero- and euchromatin fractions prepared by sedimentation through sucrose gradients. The greater transcriptional capacity of the slowly sedimenting (euchromatin) fractions was confirmed by their enhanced incorporation of radioactive precursors into RNA in vivo and their increased template activity for in vitro RNA synthesis by purified RNA polymerase. N-OH AFF was bound in 4- to 5-fold greater amounts to euchromatin DNA than to heterochromatin 2 h after a single injection of the compound. However, the bound carcinogen appeared to be eliminated more rapidly from euchromatin than from heterochromatin by DNA repair processes. PMID- 45729 TI - A novel class of antitumour agents. I. Chemistry and animal experiments. AB - Newly synthesized tertiary amino steroids, among them 2 beta,16 beta-dipiperidino 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol dipivalate (DAP), were tested in three animal species as to their antitumour activity against transplantable tumours. The acute toxicity of DAP was similar to that of cyclophosphamide and considerably lower than vinblastine. Rats with Walker ascites, treated intraperitoneally with DAP, survived up to one year without ascites; untreated animals died within 10 days of transplantation. Intragastric and intraperitoneal application of DAP caused side effects suggesting a local toxicity. PMID- 45730 TI - A novel class of antitumour agents. II. In vitro testing. AB - Suspensions of Walker and HeLa cells, rat fibroblasts and human stimulated lymphocytes were incubated over various periods with the synthetic amino steroid, 2 beta,16 beta-dipiperidino-5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol dipivalate (DAP). The acute cell destroying effect was found to be exponentially time and dose dependent within a certain range. With lower nontoxic doses, decreases in the mitotic and labelling indices were observed, and clotted mitotic figures occurred. The effects were essentially the same for all experimental cell types; chromosome alterations were not seen. PMID- 45731 TI - Protein bound carboxyl-methyl ester as a precursor of methanol formation during oxidation of dimethylnitrosamine in vitro. AB - Protein modification with dimethylnitrosamine was studied in vitro in the presence of hamster liver microsomal fraction. Incorporation of radioactive methyl groups from dimethylnitrosamine into the exogenously added protein was dependent on the microsomal mixed function oxidase system. The methylation yielded chemically labile and stable products. The former was completely hydrolyzed by the mild alkaline treatment, pH 7.4, 100 degrees C, for 5 min and the hydrolytic product was identified as methanol indicating that the activated methyl groups from dimethylnitrosamine were incorporated into a protein as a carboxyl-methyl ester. Thus, it is suggested that methanol, recovered as one of the products during the biodegradation of dimethylnitrosamine [8], is derived, at least in part, from protein carboxyl-methyl ester which is unstable under physiological conditions. PMID- 45732 TI - Comparison of the biological activity of the tumor promotor phorbol myristate acetate and a metabolite, phorbolol myristate acetate, in the cell culture. AB - Phorbolol myristate acetate, a metabolite of the tumor promotor phorbol muristate acetate in mouse skin, has one-fiftieth the potency of the parent molecule for the induction of cell division in stationary cultures of BALB/c-3T3 mouse embryo cells. Similarly, in a mixed cell culture assay devised for detection of tumor promoting agents, phorbolol myristate acetate exhibited only a small fraction of the activity of unmetabolized phorbol ester. The results indicate that the biological activity of phorbol esters either does not require metabolic conversion or is converted by the cells used in this system and that phorbolol myristate acetate would be a tumor promotor of low potency for mouse skin compared to phorbol myristate acetate. PMID- 45733 TI - Metabolism of oestradiol by human mammary tumour 800 x g supernatants pretreated with dihydrolipoic acid. AB - Incubation of human mammary tumour 800 x g supernatants with [3H]oestradiol after preincubation for 10 min at 0 degrees C with 10 mM dihydrolipoic acid resulted in metabolism of oestradiol. This was noted in 12 malignant tumours, 8 of which contained measurable oestrogen receptor levels. In 2 benign tumours lacking measurable levels of receptor, dihydrolipoic acid pretreatment had no effect. This metabolism was further stimulated by pretreatment with NAD, NADP and the anti-oestrogen Tamoxifen (ICI 46,474). When incubations were carried out in an O2 atmosphere using oxygenated buffers, the effect was suppressed. PMID- 45734 TI - Pathogenesis and management of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. PMID- 45735 TI - [International trends in the control of occupational hazards of exposure to chemical agents]. PMID- 45736 TI - [Value of the study of the flow-volume diagram in the early diagnosis of chronic industrial bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 45737 TI - [Aspecific bronchial hyperreactivity in occupational bronchopneumopathies: the propranolol test]. PMID- 45738 TI - Vibration factor effect on carcinogenesis in experimental implanted tumors. PMID- 45739 TI - [Automatic gas chromatography analysis of solvents in work environment]. PMID- 45740 TI - [A model of health and individual risk booklet for use with the computer]. PMID- 45741 TI - [Comparison of an extraction method and a direct reading method in the fluorimetric determination of erythrocyte protoporphyrin]. PMID- 45742 TI - [Cadmium-induced nephropathy]. PMID- 45743 TI - [Risk of fluorosis in the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers]. PMID- 45744 TI - [Respiratory pathology in the production cycle of phosphate fertilizers. 1. Risk of pneumoconiosis]. PMID- 45745 TI - [Pulmonary pathology in a plant of electrolytic reduction of aluminum]. PMID- 45746 TI - [A transversal and longitudinal neurological study of a working population engaged in the production of phthalates. Preliminary data]. PMID- 45747 TI - [Determination of metals in aerosol dust using X-ray fluorescence. Comparison with other analytical techniques]. PMID- 45767 TI - General practitioners and postgraduate education in the Northern Region. AB - We describe a survey of general practitioners in the Northern Region which was carried out during the summer of 1977 as the result of a commission from the Education Committee of the North of England Faculty of the Royal College of General Practitioners. Seventy-five per cent of a one in two random sample of general practitioner principals returned a postal questionnaire in which their perceptions of postgraduate education were sought and their behaviour measured by the number of sessions they attended during the previous year at their 'usual' and other postgraduate centres. Almost half the respondents had more than a basic qualification and all but three per cent had held full-time hospital appointments, two thirds of them at the level of senior house officer or above. Their experience as general practitioner principals averaged 15 years and 57 per cent held part-time appointments outside their practices. Only four per cent had not attended any postgraduate events during the previous year but the remaining respondents had attended eight sessions on average, six of which were at their usual centres. Those attending more than the average number of sessions tended to have registered between 1950 and 1969, to work in larger practices, to hold additional appointments, or to be trainers or College tutors. Most of the respondents were conservative in their perceptions of teaching methods, the topics discussed at meetings, and the contributors to postgraduate education but the younger general practitioners and a group of established general practitioners affiliated to the Royal College of General Practitioners held more radical views. They agreed about the primacy of traditional clinical topics but were sceptical of the value of ward rounds and formal lectures and favoured the seminar and clinical attachments. They saw a need for more material about practice management and wanted experienced general practitioners and community paramedical staff as teachers in addition to hospital consultants. Most of the respondents believed that their usual centres were well organized and managed but failed to cater for the special requirements of general practitioners in non clinical aspects of practice. Lunchtime and evenings were seen as the most convenient for weekday meetings and Sunday as the most convenient day of the week. A majority of respondents believed that post-graduate education had altered their practice of clinical medicine but only 15 per cent believed it had caused changes in their practice organization. PMID- 45748 TI - Patients and their doctors 1977. PMID- 45768 TI - Reminiscences about Walton Brooks McDaniel, 2d. PMID- 45769 TI - A graduation address to psychiatrists. PMID- 45770 TI - From the historical collections of the library. II. The pickle of antiquity. PMID- 45771 TI - The Oslers and the College of Physicians of Philadelphia. Some further footnotes to a twice-told tale. PMID- 45772 TI - A bicentennial tribute to a revolutionary doctor, Isaac Senter, M.D. (1753-99). PMID- 45773 TI - Jivaro tsantsas, authentic and forged: a study of two shrunken heads in the Mutter Museum. PMID- 45774 TI - The Stelwagon Prize in dermatology. PMID- 45775 TI - Alexander von Humboldt in Philadelphia and Peru. PMID- 45776 TI - Proposed knobs-into-holes packing for several membrane proteins. AB - We investigated the possible side chain/side chain interactions of four potential transmembrane proteins. The basic assumptions are that the proteins are alpha helical, and that the proteins aggregate with knobs-into-holes packing. It was found that these four proteins can be assembled into stereochemically feasible bundles of alpha-helices with hydrophobic exteriors and with hydrogen bonds between the side chains of one alpha-helix and the side chains of its knobs-into holes packed neighbors. PMID- 45777 TI - Binding of mercurials to membrane suspensions and undenatured proteins. AB - Binding capacities of membrane suspensions and dissolved compounds for mercurials were titrated by a new potentiometric method. Critical steps included a silver electrode of new design, the use of L-cysteine as a thiol buffer, a nitrogen atmosphere, and pretreatment of samples with equimolar mercurial and cysteine. Titrations had a sharp endpoint, accurate +/- 26 nmole methylmercury or +/- 8 nmole mercuric salt. Measurements of binding capacity of bovine serum albumin averaged 93% of the titer predicted for one SH group per molecule; those of human hemoglobin yielded 86-91% of the titer predicted for two SH groups per molecule. Yields dropped with exposure of protein solutions or membrane suspensions to atmospheric oxygen. Brain microsomes had significantly higher binding capacities (per milligram of protein) than red blood cell ghosts. The ratio of endpoint titers of CH3HgCl to HgCl2 averaged 2:1 in assays of cysteine, proteins, and membranes, showing that the assay was free of denaturation artifacts and protein protein interference. Solutions of EDTA showed measurable binding of Hg2+ but not of CH3Hg+. Satisfactory titrations were also obtained with N-ethylmaleimide. PMID- 45778 TI - Small intestinal sugar and amino acid transport in semistarvation. AB - The effect of semistarvation on small intestinal transport of D-glucose, L valine, and NaCl was studied in an in vitro system of isolated rat brush border membrane vesicles. Whereas semistarvation enhanced the transport rate for L valine by 19-29%, there was no change in D-glucose transport. When energy in the form of a NaSCN gradient was supplied to the membrane vesicles prepared from semistarved animals, L-valine was concentrated to a greater extent than those from well-fed animals. Strain differences were observed in the manner semistarvation affected NaCl transport across the brush border membrane. Semistarvation increased the NaCl transport rate by a factor of 3.5 in one rat strain and not at all in another. These results provide a partial explanation for the cellular basis of elevated neutral amino acid absorption by the small intestine in semistarvation. PMID- 45779 TI - Reconstitution of neutral amino acid transport system from Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - Amino acid transport systems for alanine and leucine have been reconstituted into artificial lipid vesicles. Purified plasma membrane vesicles from Ehrlich ascites cells were dissolved in 2% sodium cholate, 1 mM dithiothreitol, 0.5 mM EDTA, a mixture which solubilized approximately 50% of the membrane protein. This solubilized protein fraction was further purified by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitations, gel filtration, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. A fraction containing approximately 15 Coomassie blue staining bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels was obtained. This material was reconstituted into liposomes, and preliminary results demonstrated transport of alanine and leucine dependent on a sodium gradient. In addition, an electrogenic gradient mediated by valinomycin-induced potassium diffusion seemed to stimulate alanine uptake further. PMID- 45780 TI - Characterization of HeLa 5'-nucleotidase: a stable plasma membrane marker. AB - 5'-Nucleotidase, assayed as 5'-AMPase, has been extensively characterized and established as a stable, quantitative plasma membrane marker in HeLa S3 cells. The membrane 5'-AMPase has a Km of 7.0 microM. Relative affinities of the other 5'-mononucleotides for the enzyme are 5'-GMP > 5'-TMP > 5'-UMP > 5'-CMP. There are activity optima at pH7 and 10; the latter is Mg(2+)-dependent. The membrane preparations have a small amount of acid phosphatase activity that is distinct from 5'-AMPase activity but no alkaline phosphatase. AOPCP, ADP, and ATP are strongly inhibitory. Mg2+, Ca2+, or Co2+ additions do not affect the pH 7.0 activity; Mn2+ activates slightly, whereas Zn2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ are inhibitory. EDTA slowly inactivates, but removal of the EDTA without the addition of divalent cations restores activity. The inactivation is also substantially reversed by Co2+ or Mn2+, but reactivability by divalent cations decreases with time in EDTA. ConA strongly inhibits, and alpha-methyl-D-mannoside or glucose (the latter much less efficiently) relieves the inhibition, indicating that the 5'-AMPase is a glycoprotein. Histidine is also inhibitory. Ouabain, phloretin, cytochalasin B, cysteine, phenyl-alanine, MalNEt, and IAA are without effect. 5'-AMPase activity codistributes with pulse-bound [3H]ouabain when either of two cell fractionation procedures are used. The 5'-AMPase activity per cell is constant at different cell densities in exponentially growing cells, and activity per unit cell volume remains constant throughout the cell cycle. These properties, together with its absence in other organelles, its stability to storage, its insensitivity to certain experimental manipulations, and its general insensitivity to inhibitors of specific transport systems, make 5'-AMPase a useful quantitative marker in studies on the regulation of HeLa membrane transport systems. Key Words: HeLa, 5' nucleotidase, plasma membrane marker, non-specific phosphatases, divalent ions, ConA, AOPCP, cell cycle, mitochondria, transport inhibitors. PMID- 45781 TI - Asynchronous termination of plasma membrane protein synthesis in erythroid cells. AB - In this study we focused our attention on the terminal stages of cellular differentiation and asked the question whether the turning off of gene activity is via a general mechanism whereby all proteins are turned off synchronously, or if it is regulated specifically. We examined this problem by measuring the relative rates of synthesis of the plasma membrane proteins in cells that are near the final stages of erythroid differentiation. Our results show that although the rates of synthesis of all proteins decline during maturation the relative rates of decline are different among the various membrane proteins, indicating that the termination of plasma membrane protein synthesis during terminal differentiation is asynchronous. PMID- 45782 TI - Cation-sugar cotransport in the melibiose transport system of Escherichia coli. AB - The entry of Na+ or H+ into cells of Escherichia coli via the melibiose transport system was stimulated by the addition of certain galactosides. The principal cell used in these studies (W3133) was a lactose transport negative strain of E. coli possessing an inducible melibiose transport system. Such cells were grown in the presence of melibiose, washed, and incubated in the presence of 25 microM Na+. The addition of thiomethylgalactoside (TMG) resulted in a fall in Na+ concentration in the incubation medium. No TMG-stimulated Na+ movement was observed in uninduced cells. In an alpha-galactosidase negative derivative of W3133 (RA11) a sugar-stimulated Na+ uptake was observed in melibiose-induced cells on the addition of melibiose, thiodigalactoside, methyl-alpha-galactoside, methyl-beta-galactoside, and galactose, but not lactose. It was inferred from these studies that the substrates of the melibiose system enter the cell on the melibiose carrier associated with the simultaneous entry of Na+ when this cation is present in the incubation medium. Extracellular pH was measured in unbuffered suspensions of induced cells in order to study proton movement across the membrane of cells exposed to different galactosides. In the absence of external Na+ or Li+ the addition of melibiose or methyl-alpha-galactoside resulted in marked alkalinization of the external medium (consistent with H+-sugar cotransport). On the other hand TMG, thiodigalactoside, and methyl-beta galactoside gave no proton movement under these conditions. When Na+ was present, the addition of TMG or melibiose resulted in acidification of the medium. This observation is consistent with the view that the entry of Na+ with TMG or melibiose carries into the cell a positive charge (Na+) which provides the driving force for the diffusion of protons out of the cell. It is concluded that the melibiose carrier recognition of cations differs with different substrates. PMID- 45783 TI - The role of creatine phosphokinase in supplying energy for the calcium pump system of heart sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - An investigation of isolated and purified heart sarcoplasmic reticulum performed in the current study indicates the presence of significant creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity in this preparation. The localization of CPK on the membrane of sarcoplasmic reticulum has been revealed also by an electron microscopic histochemical method. Under the conditions of the Ca(2+)-ATPase reaction in the presence of creatine phosphate, the release of creatine into the reaction medium is observed, the rate of the latter process being dependent on the MgATP concentration in accordance with the kinetic parameters of the Ca2+-ATPase reaction. CPK localized on the reticular membrane is able to maintain the high rate of calcium consumption by the sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The results obtained demonstrate the close functional coupling between CPK and Ca2+-ATPase in the membrane of sarcoplasmic reticulum and indicate the important functional role of CPK in supplying energy for the Ca(2+)-ATPase reaction and ion transport across the membrane of heart sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 45784 TI - Thiol-dependent subunit interactions of a major fat cell plasma membrane glycoprotein. AB - A major glycoprotein fraction of the isolated adipocyte plasma membrane migrated in the 200,000-dalton region of dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels following solubilization in 2% dodecyl sulfate/4M urea at room temperature in the absence of reductant. Limited heat treatment allowed resolution of the glycoprotein into two distinct bands in the same high-molecular-weight region plus a new 94,000 dalton glycoprotein band. Prolonged incubation of solubilized plasma membranes at 100 degrees C for 15-30 min or incubation with reductant resulted in complete conversion of the high-molecular-weight bands to the 94,000-dalton region, indicating dissociation of dimers to the monomeric form. When the dimer bands on column gels were electrophoresed in the second dimension on slab gels in the presence of reductant, no low-molecular-weight bands were observed other than that in the 94,000-dalton region. The effects of limited heat treatment to permit resolution of the two dimers and the extended treatment to convert the dimers to the monomeric form were markedly inhibited by alkylation of the solubilized membrane protein with N-ethylmaleimide or oxidation with H2O2 or diamide. However, these latter treatments did not prevent complete dissociation of dimers due to addition of reductants. These results suggest that two glycoprotein fractions may exist as dimers in the native fat cell plasma membrane. The data are consistent with a model in which the glycoprotein subunits are linked by hydrophobic bonds that are sensitive to reduction of intramolecular disulfides but are stabilized by alkylation or oxidation of the glycoprotein sulfhydryls. PMID- 45785 TI - A micromethod for preparation of human macrophage cultures for the study of lymphocyte-macrophage interaction in immune interferon production and blastogenesis. AB - A new economical and reproducible micromethod for the preparation of human macrophage cultures in wells of a microtiter plate is described. The technique has been employed for the study of events which occur in the interaction of lymphocytes with macrophages in PHA-stimulated immune interferon production and blastogenesis. By comparison with the current Leighton tube macroculture systems, the microculture technique yielded a 7-fold increase in the number of macrophage cultures and a 5-fold increase in the number of T lymphocyte macrophage cultures from a given volume of blood. The replicability from sample to sample with regard to 3H-thymidine incorporation and amount of interferon produced is better in the microculture system than in the Leighton tube system. Such a microculture technique will thus provide a system whereby ready analysis of monocyte macrophage function and interaction with lymphocytes in numerous disease states can now be realized. PMID- 45786 TI - Modulation of the acquisition and expression of immunity by Tilorone: I. Delayed type hypersensitivity responses. AB - The chronic administration of Tilorone [(2,7-bis(diethylamino)ethoxy]fluoren-9 one) with antigen seems to prevent the generation of DTH effector cells. The administration of Tilorone proximal to DTH challenge blocks the expression of DTH. By local transfer of DTH effector cells, this latter effect can be shown to be due to the lack of nonspecific inflammatory cells. By the use of both systemic and local transfer systems, it is also shown that specific DTH effector cells from animals treated with Tilorone are unable to circulate in the normal manner. Overall, these experiments suggest that Tilorone does not block the generation of DTH effector cells, but it does greatly alter the expression of DTH. The relation between these effects and the known interferon induction capacity on Tilorone remains unclear. PMID- 45787 TI - Modulation of the acquisition and expression of immunity by Tilorone: II. Humoral responsiveness. AB - Tilorone (2,7-bis[(diethylamino)ethoxy]fluoren-9-one) can enhance the humoral immune response of mice to SRBC although Tilorone has no effect on functional activity of splenic B cells in the absence of immunogen. Tilorone does not alter the effective level of T cell help but does seem to alter the level of effective suppression. Tilorone seems to be an adjuvant only in the sense of removing a normal homeostatic control mechanism, perhaps suppressor T cells. PMID- 45788 TI - Quantitative comparisons of various biological responses of neutrophils to different active and inactive chemotactic factors. AB - The effects of chemotactic factors on rabbit neutrophils were evaluated measuring cell migration in modified Boyden chambers and under agarose, in lysosomal enzyme release, leukocyte aggregation, and in vivo neutropenia. Chemotactins employed included the complement-derived C3 and C5 fragments, the bacterial chemotactic factor from culture supernatant fluids of Escherichia coli, and the synthetic chemotactic factors Met-Leu-Phe and formyl-Met-Leu-Phe. A consistent parallelism was found in all the leukocyte responses to a given chemotactic factor. In no instance, with any of the five chemotactic factor preparations, did cells responding in one assay system fail to respond in the four other assay systems, suggesting a common event in all of the cell responses. Boyden chamber chemotaxis was consistently the most sensitive assay; the agarose assay was, in general, less sensitive by a factor of 100 fold. Enzyme release approached, in cell sensitivity to chemotactic factors, that of the Boyden chamber assay. In general, in vitro leukocyte aggregation and in vivo neutropenia were considerably less sensitive assays. Chemotactic factor inactivator (CFI) purified from human serum destroyed in parallel all biological activities of C3 and C5 chemotactic factors but had no effect on the bacterial chemotactic factor and the activities of synthetic chemotactic peptides. PMID- 45789 TI - Cellular aspects of conjunctival inflammation induced by the synergistic action of histamine and prostaglandins. AB - Histamine or prostaglandin (PG) E1 or E2 administered to rabbits topically alone in high doses produced conjunctival vasodilation associated with little or no edema while their mixture at lower concentrations produced conjunctival vasodilation associated with profound edema. Sections of tissues treated with the mixture of histamine and PGE1 or PGE2 showed widespread epithelial and subepithelial inflammatory cellular infiltration. Conjunctival smears from eyes treated with the histamine/PG mixture contained small lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, including eosinophilic and occasionally basophilic cells. Differential staining of the polymorphs demonstrated both eosinophils and pseudoeosinophils. Histological examination of the conjunctival smears and sections of the lids obtained from eyes treated with either histamine or PGE1 or PGE2 alone did not show any detectable increase of inflammatory cells when compared to normal controls. The clinical and histological results indicate that the synergistic effect of histamine with PGs of the E-type in the conjunctiva produces an inflammatory response similar to that seen in various clinical forms of human allergic conjunctivitis. Such a response could not be produced by histamine or PGE1 or PGE2 alone even at much higher doses than in the mixture. The data indicate that an interplay of several different mediators may be crucial in the conjunctival response in allergy. PMID- 45790 TI - Conditions for generating and assaying human leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) induced by purified protein derivative (PPD). AB - This report examines a variety of experimental conditions for the production of human leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF). The data indicate that the production of LIF as measured in the indirect capillary-tube migration inhibition assay using human polymorphonuclear indicator cells accurately reflects delayed hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative (PPD) as detected by skin-test reactivity. Mononuclear cells and semipurified lymphocytes separated from whole blood by sedimentation in Ficoll-Hypaque were able to generate LIF in response to PPD. The quantity of cells responsible for LIF production were standardized and as little as 1 x 10(6) mononuclear cells were required for detectable LIF production. LIF produced by mononuclear cells required only temporary exposure to PPD, thus eliminating the necessity for a control to which antigen was added at the end of culture to antigen-free supernatants. In addition, the removal of antigen after a brief exposure helps to avoid the possible toxic effect of some antigens on the migrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) population. LIF production did not require extraneous serum protein (i.e., fetal bovine serum). Further, kinetic studies indicated that LIF was detected as early as 8 hr following a 2 hr-exposure to PPD and that even a 1 hr-exposure was sufficient to generate measurable detectable quantities of LIF. After 48 hr of culture, supernatants were found to contain considerable amounts of LIF, with reactivity at dilutions as high as 1:40. PMID- 45791 TI - Enhancement of macrophage adenylate cyclase by microtubule disrupting drugs. AB - The accumulation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) in guinea-pig macrophages exposed to the adenylate cyclase (AC) stimulators prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and isoproterenol (IP), was markedly enhanced by pretreatment of the cells with colchicine, vinblastine, and podophyllotoxin--agents which prevent microtubule assembly. The same agents did not augment basal cAMP levels. The facilitating effect of the drugs on the response to PGE1 and IP developed both in the absence and presence of a phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor. The same drugs also enhanced the accumulation of cAMP induced by cholera toxin (CT) but the presence of a PDE inhibitor was required for such enhancement to become evident. Pretreatment of macrophages with cytochalasin B, an agent interfering with microfilament function, had no effect on the responsiveness of the cells to AC stimulators. The microtubule stabilizer, deuterium oxide (D2O) partially reversed the colchicine effect. Microtubule disrupting drugs did not block the release of cAMP from the cells into the surrounding medium. Macrophages incubated as monolayers or in suspension showed the same degree of increased responsiveness to stimulators after preexposure to colchicine. Preincubation with the ionophore A23187, which elevates the intracellular concentration of Ca2+, also enhanced the stimulation of AC by PGE1 and IP. Microtubule disrupting agents did not potentiate AC activity in broken cell preparations, whether added to the intact cells before disruption or directly to the enzyme assay mixture, nor did they affect PDE activity of macrophage sonicates. Moderate enhancement of PGE1-induced cAMP formation was also seen in colchicine- and vinblastine-treated lymphocytes. It was concluded that microtubules control the activity of AC by restricting the mobility of membrane receptors. Disruption of microtubules by drugs results in the removal of such restraints and an augmented chance of productive interactions between receptors and catalytic units of AC. PMID- 45792 TI - Physical mapping of the restriction fragments obtained from bacteriophage T4 dC DNA with the restriction endonucleases SmaI, KpnI and BglII. AB - The cytosine-containing DNA of a mutant of bacteriophage T4 was digested with restriction endonucleases SmaI, KpnI and BglII producing 5, 7 and 13 fragments respectively. Complete physical maps of the T4 genome were constructed with the enzymes SmaI and KpnI and an almost complete map with the enzyme BglII. PMID- 45793 TI - EKG of the month. PMID- 45794 TI - The view box. Bronchogenic carcinoma of left upper lung. PMID- 45795 TI - Carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct cyst. PMID- 45796 TI - The university medical school reaching to the community physician. PMID- 45797 TI - Immune complexes and human disease. PMID- 45798 TI - Computerized whole body tomography. PMID- 45799 TI - Sturge-Weber syndrome. PMID- 45800 TI - Marketplace choice as deterrent to government price controls. PMID- 45801 TI - Torsion of the testis. PMID- 45802 TI - Acute unilateral ankle swelling with fever. PMID- 45803 TI - Phencyclidine psychosis. PMID- 45804 TI - The viewbox. Sarcoidosis. PMID- 45805 TI - EKG of the month. PMID- 45806 TI - Scrotal hernia associated with carcinoma of the colon. PMID- 45807 TI - Spontaneous pneumopericardium. PMID- 45808 TI - High altitude pulmonary edema. PMID- 45809 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of a beta-adrenergic agent using beta-galactosidase as label. AB - Antisera against tetrahydronaphthalenols, which are conformationally rigid derivatives of adrenergic catecholamine, were produced in rabbits immunized with trans-5-amino-6-hydroxy-2-isopropylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1 -ol (I) conjugated to succinylated bovine serum albumin at the C5 position on the tetralin ring. Antisera were screened by immunodiffusion and further characterized by passive hemagglutination assay using erythrocytes sensitized with trans-I-ovalbumin conjugate and by enzyme immunoassay using trans-I-beta galactosidase conjugate. Cross-reactivity studies indicated that the antiserum was highly specific for the tetralin structure and for substitution at the C2 position. The antiserum also selectively discriminated the stereoisomers about the C1-C2 bond. The anti-trans-I serum was used to develop EIA for trans-5 hydroxymethyl-6-hydroxy-2-isopropylamino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapht halene- 1-ol (IIb), which exhibited strong beta-stimulating activity fairly selective to tracheal muscle, since it recognized trans-IIb to the same degree as trans-I. The assay could detect as little as 100 pg of this compound. The mean recovery of trans-IIb added to plasma was 105%, and values for plasma trans-IIb determined by this immunoassay correlated well with those determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 45810 TI - Effect of preconditioning unconditioned stimulus experience on learned taste aversions. AB - One taste-aversion study using male Long-Evans rats in which ethanol was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and six studies in which lithium chloride (LiCl) was the UCS demonstrate that (a) exposure to the UCS prior to conditioning retards subsequent acquisition of learned taste aversions; (b) a single preconditioning UCS exposure is sufficient to attenuate conditioning; (c) the preconditioning UCS exposure must occur within a limited period prior to conditioning to attenuate learning; (d) repeated conditioning trials will override the effect of prior exposure to the UCS; (e) tolerance to the UCS is not a necessary condition for the attenuation effect to occur; (f) pairing the preconditioning UCS with a novel flavor other than the CS does not remove the preexposure effect, although it may reduce its magnitude; and (g) the degree of disruption is a positive function of preconditioning UCS dosage and an inverse function of conditioning UCS dosage. PMID- 45811 TI - Factors affecting the measurement of classically conditioned fear in rats following exposure to escapable versus inescapable signaled shock. AB - Three experiments are reported in which rats first received 50 escapable or inescapable signaled-shock trials. Experiment 1 (n = 22) employed an acquired drive paradigm and found inescapable shock subjects learned a hurdle-jump response to escape the signal less rapidly than did escapable-shock subjects. Experiment 2 (n = 24) employed a conditioned emotional response paradigm and found inescapable-shock subjects suppressed more when the signal was introduced in the appetitive bar-pressing task. Both experiments measured spontaneous activity immediately following conditioning and found no group differences. Experiment 3 (n = 39) employed the same activity task and found no difference between escapable- and inescapable-shock groups when the signal was introduced into the activity task. Both groups displayed less activity than a nonshock control group during the signal. The results suggest that lack of control over the shock in the conditioning phase did not result in an increase of conditioned fear. The results are discussed in terms of a learned active-inactive predisposition to respond. PMID- 45812 TI - A possible case of subcorneal pustular dermatosis in an Egyptian mummy. AB - Examination of the mummy of an Egyptian who died in 892 BC +/- 53 years showed the skin to be well preserved, with inguinal subcorneal vesicles of the type seen in subcorneal pustular dermatosis. This condition apparently antedates by almost three millenia its description as a clinicopathological entity by Sneddon and Wilkinson in 1956. PMID- 45814 TI - [Temperature risings in neoplasmia & leukemia lesions]. PMID- 45813 TI - [The sleeping position and its consequences over health and the mouth]. PMID- 45815 TI - [History of the Syrian College of Dentistry]. PMID- 45816 TI - [Impact of the control of antimicrobial agents on various hospital indicators]. PMID- 45817 TI - [Lysis of the yeast cell wall by helicase (author's transl)]. PMID- 45819 TI - Nonmechanical factors affecting aortocoronary vein graft flow. AB - To study aortocoronary vein graft flow, hemodynamic measurements were made in 17 patients with 22 grafts while on cardiopulmonary bypass during ventricular fibrillation and sinus rhythm and 15 minutes after termination of cardiopulmonary bypass. When compared with graft flow to the stable working heart, flow to the nonworking heart in sinus rhythm was reduced 50%. When fibrillating, the nonworking heart received 33% more flow than when in sinus rhythm but still significantly less flow than the working heart. All hemodynamic parameters measured, including flow in 12 grafts, remained stable between 15 minutes and 60 minutes following cardiopulmonary bypass. In contrast, heart rate and flow in 10 grafts fell within five minutes after 1 mg of propranolol was given intravenously. Although it was still reduced, heart rate had begun to rise 30 minutes after propranolol, but graft flow did not begin to return toward predrug control levels until over 60 minutes after drug administration. Further reduction in aortocoronary vein graft flow after heart rate had started to increase supports the possibility of a direct propranolol action reducing myocardial oxygen consumption in addition to its bradycardiac effect. This study shows the sensitivity of intraoperative vein graft flow to physiological and pharmacological factors and the need to standardize the technique and timing of flow measurements if their value for predicting long-term graft patency is to be determined. PMID- 45818 TI - The platelet defect in leukemia. Platelet ultrastructure, adenine nucleotide metabolism, and the release reaction. AB - The ultrastructure and adenine nucleotide metabolism of platelets from patients with acute leukemia were studied to elucidate possible mechanisms for the platelet dysfunction observed in this clinical setting. Nonstimulated (resting) platelets from leukemic patients varied greatly in size; exhibited marked variation in the number of alpha granules present per cell; had poorly delineated circumferential bands of microtubules; and often grossly dilated open channel systems or cytoplasmic vacuolization. The intracellular concentrations of ATP and ADP were significantly below normal, and the specific radioactivity of ATP and ADP of nonstimulated platelets in leukemia was equivalent to or exceeded that seen in stimulated normal platelets. Addition of ADP or collagen to platelets from leukemic patients was followed by retarded and incomplete shape change, delayed and incomplete centripetal migration of subcellular organelles, impaired degranulation, and the formation of loose aggregates composed of relatively few platelets. Stimulation of "leukemic" platelets with collagen led to the release of significantly subnormal amounts of ATP and ADP and no significant change in the specific radioactivity of the intracellular nucleotides. In contrast to the results in normal platelets, the conversion of ATP to inosine monophosphate and hypoxanthine in platelets in leukemia failed to increase significantly with collagen stimulation. The results indicate that abnormalities exist in the storage pool of adenine nucleotides and the release mechanism of platelets in acute leukemia. These defects appear to contribute to an impairment in the release reaction in these platelets. Many of the ultrastructural and metabolic defects seen in acute leukemia occur in platelets in preleukemia. PMID- 45820 TI - Results of reoperation for unsuccessful coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Twenty-one reoperations for relief of angina have been performed at Stanford Medical Center in patients who had had previously unsuccessful direct coronary artery surgery. Complete releif of angina was obtained in seven (33%), improvement of angina in six (29%), and no change in angina in eight (38%) after these operations. Reoperation was least successful in relieving angina when performed in patients with graft occlusion and most successful when performed in patients with new critical lesions or with previously unbypassed critical lesions (P less than 0.02). Reoperation was of greater benefit in patients with unstable angina than in those with stable angina (P less than 0.05). Four of the seven patients having no angina after reoperation sustained perioperative infarctions. Reoperation does not provide the same rate of angina relief as first operations; however, certain subgroups of patients may exhibit more favorable results. PMID- 45821 TI - Effect of cardiotonic and vasoactive drugs on transmural flow distribution and ventricular volume in the fibrillating heart on cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Subendocardial hemorrhagic necrosis in an important cause of death following cardiopulmonary bypass. The transmural distribution of flow across the left ventricle (LV), septum (SP), and right ventricle (RV) is a complex interaction of vascular resistance and myocardial compressive resistance. We studied the change in transmural blood flow in LV, SP, and RV, and left ventricular volume, following administration of cardiotonic and vasoactive drugs in the fibrillating heart. The drugs studied included calcium with and without ATP-induced vasodilation, isoproterenol, epinephrine, angiotensin, and ouabain. Calcium produced underperfusion of LV subendocardium with or without previous ATP vasodilation. Isoproterenol also caused underperfusion of LV subendocardium. Both calcium and isoproterenol decreased ventricular volume. Angiotensin increased resistance in the subepicardium and increased flow in the subendocardium, with no change in ventricular volume. Epinephrine and ouabain caused no consistent changes in transmural flow. The decreased ventricular volume produced by calcium and isoproterenol restricts flow in the subendocardium because of increased compressive resistance. Increased subendocardial flow with angiotensin indicates that subepicardial vasodilation in the fibrillating heart causes epicardial "steal," which contributes to subendocardial ischemia. PMID- 45822 TI - Assessment of myocardial injury with creatine phosphokinase (CPK). PMID- 45823 TI - Radionuclide imaging of myocardial ischemia and infarction. PMID- 45824 TI - The influence of myocardial metabolism on ischemic damage. PMID- 45825 TI - How do cardiac cells die? PMID- 45826 TI - Effects of hyperosomotic mannitol in reducing ischemic swelling and minimizing myocardial necrosis. Discussion. PMID- 45827 TI - Does cardiac transplantation prolong life and improve its quality? An updated report. AB - The current status of the human cardiac transplant experience at Stanford University Medical Center is presented in order to reassess its role in the treatment of end-stage cardiac disease. Of 109 patients undergoing transplantation at Stanford between January 1968 and August 1976, 44 were still alive as of August 1, 1976. The overall 1- and 2-year survival rates for the series are 52% and 43%, respectively. Sixty-nine patients have survived more than 3 months, and their overall 1- and 2-year survival rates are 80% and 66%, respectively. Of the 3-month survivors, 62 (90%) returned to functional Class I New York Heart Association cardiac status and most of these returned to their pre illness activities. Of 40 patients selected for transplantation for whom a donor did not become available, 38 were dead in less than 6 months. Complications related to immunosuppression with steroids are currently the major barrier to longer survival and improved rehabilitation postransplantation. On the basis of these data we conclude that cardiac transplantation not only prolongs survival, but can return carefully selected recipients to an active life. PMID- 45828 TI - The value of an introductory prophylaxis in the alleviation of children's anxiety. PMID- 45829 TI - The effect of metal ion pretreatment of enamel on fluoride uptake from acidulated phosphate fluoride. PMID- 45830 TI - Estrogens and hypertension: effect of discontinuing estrogens on blood pressure, exchangeable sodium, and the renin-aldosterone system. PMID- 45831 TI - The effect of mammalian gonadotropins and homologous gonadotropins on the activity of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxy-steroid-dehydrogenase (HSD) in hypophysectomized Rana esculenta. AB - Mammalian gonadotropins and partially purified gonadotropins (FSH and LH) from an amphibian (Rana esculenta) were used to investigate their action on enzymatic activity of delta 5-3 beta-HSD in male and female hypophysectomized Rana esculenta in stage of genital activity (October) and in stasis or hibernation stage (January). Amphibian and equine LH stimulate delta 5-3 beta-HSD activity especially in females hypophysectomized in the stage of genital activity, while ovine FSH action is very low and amphybian FSH practically inactive. The present data suggested that control of gonadotropic activity in the reproductive cycle in Rana esculenta is LH-dependent. PMID- 45832 TI - Ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in early developmental stages of the rabbit embryo. PMID- 45833 TI - Histochemical and biophysical study of cuticle sclerotization in Pycnoscelus surinamensis L. (Blattaria). AB - The problem of melaninogenesis and quinone tanning of the cuticle was examined by histochemical and biophysical methods (electroparamagnetic resonance: EPR) on normal subjects of Pycnoscelus surinamensis and on subjects with abnormal cuticular colour. The cuticle of abnormal subjects showed a lower content of polyphenolic substances and a greater positivity for the indole group. This suggests that in these insects tanning products can be synthetized differently and not derived from tyrosine but from tryptophan as postulated by Pryor (1955). Furthermore, a higher number of unsaturated aminic groups is found in abnormal subjects. Granules present only in the cytoplasm of the epidermal cells of the abnormal newly moulted subjects may indicate that the polyphenolic compound of tanning, secreted in an inactive form as 4-0, beta-glucoside, is not freed from the beta-glucosidase and remains as such in the cytoplasm. PMID- 45835 TI - Workshop on: human lymphocyte subpopulations: definition of their morphological, cytochemical and biochemical phenotype in normal and pathological conditions. PMID- 45836 TI - Properties of fractionated spleen cells from NZB/W mice. PMID- 45837 TI - Experimental allergic encephalitis: study of cellular immunity to the encephalitogenic determinant. PMID- 45838 TI - Surface immunoglobulins on mouse myeloma cells. PMID- 45839 TI - Standardization of a sensitive and rapid assay for lymphotoxin. PMID- 45840 TI - Studies on immunological memory. I. Different requirements for induction and recall of memory in antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity. PMID- 45841 TI - Evaluation of cardiovascular and pulmonary changes during meperidine-diazepam anesthesia. AB - Studies were conducted in 189 oral surgery out-patients to evaluate the combination of meperidine hydrochloride and diazepam for anesthesia and to determine its effect on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. Results showed that neither ventricular cardiac arrhythmias nor clinically significant respiratory depression occurred in the sedated patients; meperidine-diazepam proved to be satisfactory for oral surgical procedures. PMID- 45842 TI - Long-term follow-up results in children and adolescents treated with radioactive iodine (131I) for hyperthyroidism. PMID- 45843 TI - Purification and partial characterization of pas-positive inclusion bodies from the liver in alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 45844 TI - In vitro polymerization of microtubules into asters and spindles in homogenates of surf clam eggs. AB - The eggs of the surf clam Spisula solidissima were artificially activated, homogenized at various times in cold 0.5 M MES buffer, 1mM EGTA at pH 6.5, and microtubule polymerization was induced by raising the temperature to 28 degrees C. In homogenates of unactivated eggs few microtubules form and no asters are observed. By 2.5 min after activation microtubules polymerize in association with a dense central cylinder, resulting in the formation of small asterlike structures. By 4.5 min after activation the asters formed in vitro contain a distinct centriole, and microtubules now radiate from a larger volume of granular material which surrounds the centriole. By 15 min (metaphase I) the granular material is more disperse and only loosely associated with the centriole. Microtubules are occasionally observed which appear to radiate directly from one end of the centriole. The organizing center can be partially isolated by centrifugation of homogenates of metaphase eggs and will induce aster formation if mixed with tubulin from either activated or unactivated eggs. Pretreatment of the eggs with colchicine does not prevent the formation of a functional organizing center. Complete spindles can also be obtained under polymerizing conditions by either homogenizing the eggs directly into warm buffer or by adding a warm high-speed supernate to spindles which have been isolated in a microtubule stabilizing medium. Extensive addition of new tubulin occurs onto the isolated spindles, resulting primarily in growth of astral fibers, although there occasionally appears to be growth of chromosomal fibers and of pole-to-pole fibers. Negatively stained aster microtubules have a strong tendency to associate side by side, and under some conditions distinct cross bridges can be observed. However, under other conditions large numbers of 300-400-A particles surround the microtubules; the presence of stain between particles can give the appearance of cross bridges. PMID- 45845 TI - An ultrastructural examination of the role of cell membrane surface coat material during neurulation. AB - Data from neural crest cultures indicate that cell surface coat material (CSM) is directly involved in cellular migration and events surrounding differentiation. To investigate whether the CSM also has a morphogenetic role, embryos of the amphibian Ambystoma maculatum were examined ultrastructurally throughout the stages of neurulation. Segments of the neural axis were fixed in glutaraldehyde containing Alcian blue 8GX, which reportedly enhances preservation of CSM, and were postfixed in OsO4 containing 1 percent lanthanum nitrate, which stains the CSM. The medial groove formed by the appearance of the neural ridges contains a large amount of CSM and numerous vesicles coated with lanthanum-positive material. In contrast, the lateral ridge surfaces are covered by a small amount of uniformly distributed CSM and a paucity of vesicles. As the ridges begin to fold there is a progressive increase in the amount of CSM within the presumptive neural tube region. Further convergence of the neural folds is accompanied by an increase of CSM at their leading edges. As the folds approximate each other, lanthanum-positive material physically bridges the gap. However, as the apposing tissue actually abuts to form the neural tube, no CSM is observed in the remaining interspace. The specific distribution and sequential accumulation of cell CSM during the events of neurulation strongly suggest its direct participation in the morphogenetic process. PMID- 45846 TI - Molecular organization of rat prolactin granules. I. In vitro stability of intact and "membraneless" granules. AB - Studies carried out on a number of secretory cell systems suggest that the specific cytoplasmic granules in which the secretion products are stored before their release are complex organelles which can possess a distinct molecular organization. For instance, it has been reported that in some granules the segregated secretion products are organized into crystalline structures (1-3) or large intermolecular aggregates (4-8). It is likely that all phenomena of this type are favorable to the economy of the cell, in the sense that they reduce the energy required for storage of the secretion products. The prolactin (LTH) granules of the rat pituitary possess a number of morphological features which strongly suggest that the molecules(s) of their content might be arranged in a relatively stable structure. Thus, these granules are remarkably polymorphic in shape, and their membrane is usually separated from their content by a clear space. Furthermore, identifiable LTH granules devoid of their membrane are often seen in the pericapillary space, suggesting that upon discharge by exocytosis they are dissolved only slowly (9). However, no studies specifically concerned with the mechanisms of LTH storage have been reported so far. In order to obtain some information on this question, we have studied the behavior of isolated granule fractions incubated in vitro under a variety of carefully controlled experimental conditions. PMID- 45848 TI - Health and safety in the solid waste industry. PMID- 45847 TI - The role of cortical orientation in the control of the direction of ciliary beat in Paramecium. AB - The swimming behavior of many ciliate protozoans depends on graded changes in the direction of the ciliary effective stroke in response to depolarizing stimuli (i.e., the avoiding reaction of Paramecium). We investigated the problem of whether the directional response of cilia with a variable plane of beat is related to the polarity of the cell as a whole or to the orientation of the cortical structures themselves. To do this, we used a stock of Paramecium aurelia with part of the cortex reversed 180 degrees. We determined the relation of the orientation of the kineties (ciliary rows) to the direction of beat in these mosaic paramecia by cinemicrography of particle movements near living cells and by scanning electron microscopy of instantaneously fixed material. We found that the cilia of the inverted rows always beat in the direction opposite to that of normally oriented cilia during both forward and backward swimming. In addition, metachronal waves of ciliary coordination were present on the inverted patch, travelling in the direction opposite to those on the normal cortex. The reference point for the directional response of Paramecium cilia to stimuli thus resides within the cilia or their immediate cortical surroundings. PMID- 45849 TI - [A case of trisomy 18 with bilateral absence of thumbs and aplasia of the left radius]. PMID- 45850 TI - The complement system in bullous pemphigoid. II. Immunofluorescent evidence for both classical and alternate-pathway activation. PMID- 45851 TI - Fatal echo 30 virus infection and amyloidosis in X-linked hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 45852 TI - Surface features of normal and leukemic lymphocytes as seen by scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 45853 TI - Axonal delivery of soluble, insoluble and electrophoretic fractions of neuronal proteins to muscle. PMID- 45854 TI - Treatment of nasal obstruction. PMID- 45855 TI - Surface reorganization as initial inductive event in the differentiation of prothymocytes to thymocytes. PMID- 45856 TI - Sequential expression of germ line genes in development of immunoglobulin class diversity. AB - Differentiation of B cells occurs in two discontinuous stages. Primary differentiation of stem cells to B lymphocytes in birds occurs exclusively in the lymphoepithelial bursa of Fabricius; the fetal liver may serve this function in mammals. In chickens both the size of the B-lymphocyte pool and the generation of precursors for cells secreting different immunoglobulin classes is controlled by the bursa. The latter process involves the sequential expression of genes coding for heavy chain constant regions in the order mu, gamma, alpha. The second stage of B-cell differentiation is antigen-driven, and involves proliferation and maturation of B lymphocytes to plasma cells. Ontogenetic development of different classes of B lymphocytes in mammals is orderly, independent of exogenous antigens, and occurs in the sequence mu, gamma, alpha. A developmental switch in expression of Ch genes, beginning with mu, has been experimentally verified. We favor the hypothesis that generation of class diversity of B lymphocytes occurs during the antigen-independent first stage of differentiation, and that the genetic switch in Ch gene expression follows the sequence mu leads to gamma leads to alpha, but evidence of these points remains inconclusive. PMID- 45857 TI - Normal and altered phenotypic expression of immunoglobulin genes. AB - Genetically controlled intraspecific differences between immunoglobulins (allotypes) provide valuable markers for the study of the quantitative expression of allelic and nonallelic alternative forms of immunoglobulins (Igs) during the normal development of rabbits. Heterozygous rabbits are mosaics of cells expressing different Ig-genes since fully differentiated productive cells generally secrete only one of alternative forms of Ig. The proportions of cells that differentiate to produce allelic forms of immunoglobulins during normal development depend on the particular heterozygous genotype. The normal proportions of some markers can be drastically altered if the differentiation of lymphoid cells in the young rabbit occurs in the milieu of antibody specific for one form (allotype suppression). An initiating step in the establishment of persistent allotype suppression is probably the interaction of antiallotype antibody with allotype-bearing receptors on lymphoid cell surfaces, but the mechanism for the maintenance of a state of chronic suppression may well be more complex. Allotype suppression can be viewed as one example of numerous immunological phenomena that reflect specific and finely tuned regulatory mechanisms governing the differentiation and clonal expansion of lymphoid cells destined to secrete immunoglobulins. PMID- 45858 TI - Expression of specific clones during B cell development. AB - The expression of DNP- and TNP-specific B cells in spleens of neonatal BALB/c mice was analyzed by the in vitro splenic focus technique. B cells of these specificities were found to be present in slightly higher frequency in neonatal than in adult spleens. The parameters of stimulation of neonatal B cells were similar to those of adult B cells but the antibody-forming cell progeny of neonatal B cells produce predominantly gammaM rather than gammaG antibody and produce less antibody than the progeny of adult B cells. Isoelectric focusing analyses of monoclonal antibodies derived from neonatal B cells stimulated in vitro with DNP or TNP revealed that over 90 per cent of the antibodies could be identified as belonging to one of six predominant clonotypes, three specific for DNP and three for TNP. While individual neonates rarely expressed all of the predominant clonotypes, B cells of each of the six clonotypes were found in several donors. When B cells of a given predominant clonotype were present in an individual many such B cells could be found and in many cases the entire DNP- or TNP-specific B cell population of an individual could be accounted for by B cells of a single clonotype. These findings are discussed in terms of the diversity of clonotype specificities available in neonates, the kinetics of development of cells within a clonotype, and factors that may play a role in controlling the expression of B cell clones. PMID- 45859 TI - Inservice education via telecommunications network. PMID- 45860 TI - Tumor localization studies with radioactive lanthanide and actinide complexes. PMID- 45861 TI - The influence of ligand on the tissue distribution of carrier free 111In in the rat. PMID- 45862 TI - Neurons of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the albino rat. AB - Light and electron microscopic observations were made on the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (DLGN) of 33 young adult male albino rats. Three variants of the Golgi silver impregnation technique were employed in the light microscopic studies. Neurons were classified into three categories based on location, dendritic pattern, and dendritic appendages. Type 1 and type 3 neurons were distributed throughout the DLGN. Type 2 neurons were located in the superficial zone. Dendritic appendages of type 1 and type 2 neurons indicated these cells may function as geniculo-cortical relay neurons. The type 3 neurons had lobulated dendritic appendages and an axon that terminated withinthe nucleus. Type 3 neurons may represent Golgi-type-II interneurons. Camera lucida drawings, photomicrographs, and electronmicrographs illustrate the characteristics ofthe three cell types. The literature on ultrastructural and neurophysiological findings may substantiate the presence of three neuronal types. Initially, the rat DLGN does not appear as elaborately organized as the nucleus observed in cats and primates; however, there are notable similarities in neuronal morphology and synaptology. PMID- 45863 TI - Accumulation of lipofuscin (age pigment) in aging skeletal connective tissues as revealed by electron microscopy. AB - An EM survey of aging skeletal connective tissue was made for the presence of lipofuscin accumulation. Twenty-six mice of both sexes, 5 to 130 weeks of age were perfused with glutaraldehyde. Femoral periosteal samples were fixed in cold glutaraldehyde, decalcified in EDTA, and post-fixed in osmium tetroxide. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Lipofuscin was absent in all cell types in mice 5 and 26 weeks of age. At 52 weeks, single membrane-bound lipofuscin granules were observed in fibrocytes, precursor osteogenic cells (preosteoblasts), osteoblasts, and osteocytes. With increasing age (78 to 104 weeks) lipofuscin was observed more frequently, as well as the number of granules per cell. At 104 and 130 weeks, many of the remaining cells revealed age pigment. These observations point to a wider distribution of age pigment in various tissues than previously realized. The presence of lipofuscin in connective tissue may facilitate a reevaluation of the role of this pigment in cellular aging. PMID- 45864 TI - A new antigen-antibody system. Clinical significance in long-term carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - A new antigen-antibody system was recently described in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAG(-positive sera. Despite indications of heterogeneity in specificity, the designations "e antigen" and "e antibodies" are used for the system as such in this articly. E'IGHT OF 17 long-term carriers of HBSAg with a histological picture of chronic persistent hepatitis or chronic aggressive hepatitis carried the e antigen, while none had demonstrable e antibodies in serum. Ten of 12 healthy carriers with e antibodies were blood donors who had donated 95 units of blood; none of these carriers was associeated with a reported case of posttransfusion hepatitis. In five individuals in the incubation stage of hepatitis B, e antigen appeared simultaneously with HBSAg but before the rise in transaminase levels. This finding further links e antigen to hepatitis B. PMID- 45865 TI - Filling defect in the urinary bladder. PMID- 45866 TI - Lupus nephritis. PMID- 45867 TI - Light microscopy of glomerular disease--applications of a morphologic diagnosis. PMID- 45868 TI - Protracted use of dicoumarol anticoagulants in the treatment of peripheral arteriopathies. PMID- 45870 TI - Audiovisuals in nursing education. PMID- 45869 TI - The instructional media: an overview. PMID- 45871 TI - Films in nursing education. PMID- 45872 TI - A/V materials--where should they be kept? PMID- 45873 TI - Emergency bandaging: a wrap-up of better techniques. PMID- 45874 TI - Diagnosis of plasma cell myeloma. AB - Diagnosis of myeloma depends on identification of malignant plasma cells and the product of these cells, a monoclonal immunoprotein. Of the clinical manifestations of plasma cell myeloma, skeletal pain and anemia are two of the more common. Unexplained anemia and osteoporosis noted in the elderly should suggest the possibility of myeloma; this combination of symptoms certainly warrants obtaining a protein electrophoresis. Hypercalcemia and renal insufficiency are frequent sequelae of myeloma. PMID- 45875 TI - Intracardiac electrography in children and young adults. AB - The interpretation of IE recorded in children has been hampered by a lack of agreement regarding normal values. We recorded IE in 158 children and young adults (ages, three days to 33 years) to define the various conduction intervals in normal and disease states. The HBP was recorded in 156 subjects. In 85 subjects with normal conduction indicated by surface ECG, including 19 subjects with normal hearts, there were no statistically significant age-related differences in internodal, A-V nodal, or His-Purkinje conduction intervals. Therapeutic levels of digitalis did not alter the conduction intervals. In 11 subjects with first degree A-V block and in five subjects with congenital complete A-V block, the site of block as determined by IE could not be predicted from the surface ECG. No abnormalities in conduction intervals were found in 18 subjects with right bundle branch block (surgically induced in 17 cases). Intracardiac electrography with recording of the HBP was found to be a safe, informative technique for electrophysiologic investigations in children and young adults. PMID- 45877 TI - Immunochemical staining of the rat adenohypophysis in organ culture. AB - Rat anterior pituitaries were cytologically studied following cultivation in organ culture, with and without the addition of hypothalamic and cortical extracts. Although five distinct cell types could be identified with classical stains in the uncultivated glands, the peroxidase-labeled antibody technique (using antibodies against STH, LTH, FSH, LH and TSH) showed that not all of the immune-specific cell types were being identified with the classical stains. This discrepancy was magnified following culture as chromophilic cells seen with classic stains decreased in number with an increase in culture time. The peroxidase technique, however, revealed that all cells remained constant in type and number regardless of time in culture. While the addition of either hypothalamic or cortical extract to the culture medium produced cytological alterations demonstrated by the classical dyes, the antibody technique showed no such alterations. Such a comparison of staining techniques emphasizes the hazards of relying solely on histological procedures to reveal the hormonal activity of the pituitary gland. PMID- 45876 TI - An autopsy study of human axillary lymph node histology. AB - This is a histologic study of axillary lymph nodes removed from 487 random autopsies. Histologic features such as germinal centers, deep cortical regions, sinus histiocytosis, hyalin deposition, fibrosis and overall cellularity were evaluated in each case. Results were correlated with the age of the deceased and cause of death. The results a) support the general opinion that germinal centers are more frequently found in children and young adults than in the old, b) showed that hyaline deposits increase with age, c) showed that lymphocyte depletion associated with fibrosis and hyaline deposits was found in patients dying of chronic disease, particularly cancer, d) pointed out a selective depletion of the deep cortical regions in patients dying of hemorrhage, and e) contributed to knowledge of the morphology of axillary lymph nodes in neonates. (Am J Pathol 78:7-22, 1975) PMID- 45878 TI - Junctional complexes in the preimplantation rabbit embryo. AB - The morphology and development of junctional complexes between blastomeres of the preimplantation rabbit embryo were investigated using several approaches. Electron microscopic examination of embryos stained en bloc with uranyl acetate, and the study of junction permeability using horseradish peroxidase and lanthanum nitrate provided information on structure, intermembrane spacing and permeability of the junctional complexes. In addition, the freeze fracture technique was used with day 5 and day 6 blastocysts, since the large size of these embryos facilitated use of this method. These experiments showed that although rudimentary junctions were present between blastomeres of the early cleavage stages, effective tight junctions were not present until the blastocyst stage. Electron microscopic examination of thin sections revealed apical foci of membrane approximation or "fusion" between trophoblast cells by day 4. Freeze fracturing revealed a lattice of interconnecting ridges (on the A face) and grooves (on the B face) in the apical region between trophoblast cells of the day 5 blastocyst. This lattice formed a continuous band along the apical margin of each cell, and therefore constituted a zonula occludens. The zonula occludens of the day 5 blastocyst averages 2-3 ridges per lattice, while day 6 blastocysts had lattices that averaged 5-6 ridges. Also seen in the freeze fracture replicas from the day 5 and day 6 blastocysts were local accumulations of intramembranous particles on the A face. These particles were often observed in aggregates similar to those of previously described gap junctions. It could not be determined whether these small regions of particles were true gap junctions or a possible primitive form of gap junction because the complementary pitted surfaces (B face pits) were not demonstrated. PMID- 45879 TI - The variable fine structure of elastin visualized with Verhoeff's iron hematoxylin. AB - Verhoeff's iron hematoxylin (VIH) followed by lead citrate (LC) applied to epoxy thin sections stained the dense component of elastic fibers heavily and the peripheral microfibrillar component lightly in guinea pig trachea and mouse testis fixed with a glutaraldehyde-osmium tetroxide sequence. This method stained large fimbriated fibers beneath tracheal epithelium, small fibers and stacked aggregates thereof in the deep lamina propria, cartilage and adventitia of the trachea and large stacked fibers in the fibroelastic band of the trachea. Fibers of the fetus differed from those of the adult, especially in the subepithelial elastic lamina of the trachea. Elastic fibers were intimately associated with fibroblasts and particularly slender fibroblast processes in tracheal stroma and with chondrocytes in tracheal cartilage. Fibroblasts associated with elastic fibers in the tracheal subepithelial lamina propria were often closely bordered by eosinophils, mast cells, or monocytes. Occasional mast cells extended slender processes around elastic fibers in the subepithelial lamina propria. In mouse testis and in many regions of the trachea, small elastic fibers were identified which were below the limits of resolution for the light microscope and were not apparent at the ultrastructural level in routinely stained thin sections. PMID- 45880 TI - The effect of ruthenium red and Concanavalin A on the vitelline surface of fertilized and unfertilized rabbit ova. AB - Fertilized and unfertilized rabbit ova exposed to ruthenium red with the zona intact or after mechanical removal, for the demonstration of mucopolysaccharides on the surface coat. Ova were also exposed to Concanavalin A. Ruthenium red bound strongly to elements of the zona and increased the opacity of the plasmalemma. There was no notable change in staining of the vitellus following fertilization. Although there were ruthenium red stained bodies resembling cortical granules in crypts in the plasmalemma, there was no evidence for cortical granule extrusion of mucopolysaccharides. The Concanavalin reaction was seen over both unfertilized and fertilized ova, demonstrating receptors for terminal alpha-D-mannopyranosyl, alpha-D-glycopyranosyl, beta-D-fructofuranyosyl residues. The deposit on the fertilized egg surface was enormously enhanced indicating a change in the distribution of receptor sites. PMID- 45881 TI - Benzopyranopyridine derivatives. 1. Aminoalkyl derivatives of the azaxanthenes as bronchodilating agents. AB - The preparation of the four isomeric azaxanthones 3 and a number of their aromatic ring substituted derivatives is described. These ketones were converted into the title compounds which were examined for their biological properties. The most interesting compound in this series, the 1-methyl-4-piperidylidene derivative of 1-azaxanthene, shows the profile of an orally effective potent bronchodilating agent as well as a moderate antihistamine. Biological properties of this compound were compared to a number of antihistamines as well as known bronchodilating agents. Structure-activity relationships are also discussed. PMID- 45882 TI - Antagonism of slow reacting substance in anaphylaxis (SRS-A) and other spasmogens on the guinea pig tracheal chain by hydratropic acids and their effects on anaphylaxis. PMID- 45883 TI - Triphenylmethane dyes as inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, ribonucleic acid polymerase, and protein synthesis. Structure-activity relationships. PMID- 45884 TI - Quantitative structure-activity relationships for dicoumarol antivitamins K in the uncoupling of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. AB - The dynamic structure of dicoumarols substituted on the methylene bridge has been studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. These molecules may be considered as dimers with restricted rotation around the methylene bridge, held by intramolecular hydrogen bonds; the presence of the substituent R modifies this dynamic process, mainly the facility of exchange of the two hydroxyl protons. These compounds have been compared in respect to their potency in uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in pig heart mitochondria; the data have been correlated with constants used to characterize the substituent R; to make a potent uncoupler, R should be as small and as hydrophilic as possible. These results are discussed in consonance with the postulated mechanisms of action of the uncouplers, but no simple conclusion can be drawn, especially concerning the role of the dissociable protons. PMID- 45885 TI - Identification of cobalt in processes of stained neurones using x-ray energy spectra in the electron microscope. PMID- 45886 TI - Editorial: Australia antigen updated. PMID- 45887 TI - Absorption of antibacterial agents by the bovine involuting uterus. PMID- 45888 TI - Heterogeneity of morphological, cytochemical, and cytogenetic features in the blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia. AB - Possible predictive criteria of the refractoriness to therapy of the blastic phase of Ph-1-positive chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) have been sought. Eight cases in the blastic phase were studied. The blasts were noted to be of two types: some displayed a high nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio with deep blue cytoplasm, while others had a comparatively low nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio and bluish gray cytoplasm containing a few small granules. Electron microscopic studies showed a variety of features, including defective organelles and giant mitochondria. Cytochemical staining revealed the majority of blast cells to be peroxidase- and Sudan black-negative; granular PAS positivity was the rule. Serial cytogenetic studies demonstrated increasing aneuploidy. Bone marrow biopsy showed myelofibrotic changes in two cases. Two patients entered complete remission with prednisone and vincristine and with Ara-C and thioguanine, respectively. It is concluded that the blastic phase of CGL may manifest heterogeneity. PMID- 45889 TI - "Pure" monocytic or histiomonocytic leukemia: a revised concept. AB - In a series of 130 cases of acute leukemia studied by cytochemical staining techniques, 10 cases cytochemically diagnosed as "pure" monocytic leukemia were seen. Cytochemical staining of bone marrow aspirates from these patients revealed all leukemic cells to be Sudan black negative. No positive reactions were observed for peroxidase or naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase. All cases demonstrated strong alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase positivity; and fluoride inhibited naphthol AS-D acetate esterase positivity was observed in 8 of 9 cases tested. The P.A.S. reaction showed diffuse fine to coarse granules. Oil red O stain was positive in 8 of 9 cases, and the beta-glucuronidase activity was strong in 5 of 9 cases. Light microscopy revealed cells with monocytic or histiocytic morphology. Electron microscopic studies in 2 cases demonstrated features consistent with leukemic monocytic or histiocytic morphology; none was suggestive of granulocytic or lymphocytic leukemia. Five of 6 patients treated with drug regimens including prednisone and vincristine entered a complete remission; the other obtained a partial remission. Two patients achieved complete remission after treatment with Adriamycin, 1 following a relapse. Three patients who received cytosine arabinoside as their only therapy died soon after treatment was commenced. It is suggested that the cytochemical similarity but morphological differences in those patients may be objectively used to group them as cases of histiomonocytic leukemia. PMID- 45890 TI - Assessment of reactivities of natural antibodies to endogenous RNA tumor virus envelope antigens and virus-induced cell surface antigens. AB - The autogenous humoral immune response of mice to their endogenous leukemia virus (MuLV) has been examined with respect to the reactivities of natural antibodies to MuLV envelope antigens and virus-induced cells surface antigens. The natural reactivity of MuLV envelope antigens was evaluated by means of a radioimmune precipitation assay of intact and disrupted virus, as well as by virus neutralization tests. The specificity of natural antibody for MuLV envelope antigens was determined by immunoelectron microscopy and radioimmune precipitation. Antibody reactivity to virus-induced cell-surface antigens was evaluated by immunoelectron microscopy and a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test. The strains of mice seleced for study were C57BL/6, C3H/Anf, and the C57BL/6 X C3H/Anf F1 hybrid. Although there were quantitative differences in the antibody levels among these various strains, the naturally recognized antigenic determinants of the virus were consistent, i.e., gp68, gp-43, and p15. High levels of neutralizing antibody against the xenotropic BALB:virus-2 were detected in these various normal sera with the focus reduction assay; however, only marginal levels of neutralizing activity against Moloney leukemia virus were detected with the XC virus assay. No anticellular antibody could be detected in these normal sera with the complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay. PMID- 45891 TI - Different hematological diseases induced by type C viruses chemically activated from embryo cells of different mouse strains. AB - Type C RNA viruses can be induced by certain chemicals from cells of many mouse strains. Both C58 and BALB/c cells have been shown to contain endogenous viruses that are designated N-tropic because they grow preferentially in cells of NIH Swiss mouse origin. While demonstrating many similar biological and immunological properties, the C58-induced virus is around 10-fold more infectious per physical particle than the N-tropic virus of BALB/c cells. In the present studies, inoculation of these viruses into newborn NIH Swiss mice led to the development of diseases associated with splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy at similar frequency in each group. The disease induced by C58-MuLV was histophathologically diagnosed as lymphoblastic leukemia and was highly malignant following transplantation into newborn mice. The histopathological appearance of spleens from BALB/c virus affected animals was distinguishable, demonstrating instead myeloid metaplasia or myelogenous leukemia. These findings provide evidence that different endogenous mouse type C viruses can induce distinct diseases in the same mouse strain. Furthermore, they implicate the N-tropic virus endogenous to C58 cells as a major factor in the development of lymphoblastic leukemia that occurs at high frequency in that strain. PMID- 45892 TI - Biochemical estimation of the basic dye-binding capacity of RNA from rat hepatoma. AB - Areas of hyperplastic livers that acquire hyperbasophilic properties at advanced stages of carcinogenesis apparently represent the sites of neoplastic trasnformation, and hyperstaining of cytoplasmic RNA with basic dyes also characterizes the cancer cells. Estimations of the RNA content of cell fractions from normal rat liver and solid Novikoff hepatoma provided no evidence that the intense staining of cancer cells could be explained on the basis of an increase in cytoplasmic RNA content. The possibility that cytoplasmic fractions of Novikoff hepatoma show greater affinity for basic dyes than corresponding normal fractions has been examined by means of a test-tube toluidine blue-binding assay. The results revealed that the dye-binding capacity of total cytoplasmic fractions from tumors is 75% higher than normal after Carnoy fixation which retains mostly ribosomal RNA. Assays on fresh ribosomes indicated that tumor ribosomes bind 71% more toluidine blue per mg of RNA than the ribosomal preparation from normal liver. This study thus demonstrates a greater affinity of tumor RNA for basic dyes, and a comparison of biochemical and cytophotometric analyses suggests that an increase in basophilia by a factor OF ABOUT 2 WOULD BE DUE TO A qualitative alteration in robosomal RNA molecules and/or ribosome structure in cnacer cells. PMID- 45893 TI - Microfluorometric comparisons of heat-induced nuclear acridine orange metachromasia between normal cells and neoplastic cells from primary tumors of diverse origin. AB - Nuclear fluorescence metachromasia of heated fixed cells subsequently stained with acridine orange was compared in smears and isolated nuclei of various types of primary tumors and normal cells from the tissues that gave rise to the tumors. The ratios of fluorescence emission at 590 and 530 nm reflect the thermal stability of chromatin in situ. The results show that the mean thermal stability of the chromatin in neoplastic cells was lower than the stability of their normal counterparts in all cases. This was found in both spontaneous and chemically induced tumors as divergent in type as a dog vaginal tumor and murine lymphocytic leukemia. These data, together with our previous observations in other neoplastic systems, indicate that reduced chromatin thermal stability may be a general characteristic of cells that have undergone neoplastic transformation and is not confined to rapidly growing tumors. The present investigation identifies the sources of variability encountered in measuring fluorescence metachromasia in slide preparations, and methods of minimizing this variability for potential cytodiagnostic application are discussed. PMID- 45894 TI - Ultrastructural study of the effect of bleomycin A2 on the nucleolus and its possibly related cytoplasmic constituents in Novikoff hepatoma cells. AB - Treatment of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells with bleomycin A2, in vivo as well as in vitro, in varying doses produced marked alterations in nucleolar and cytoplasmic ultrastructural organization. A series of changes occur including formation of fibrillar centers, fragmentation of fibrillar nucleolar elements, appearance of microspherules, and the loss of fibrillar elements from these nucleoli. A bleomycin concentration of 10 mug/ml in vitro produced an increased number of fibrillar centers with well-defined nucleolonemas. At a concentration of 50 mug/ml, there was an increase in number and fragmentation of these fibrillar centers and many microspherules were found throughout the nucleolus. Approximately one-fourth of the cells contained cytoplasmic fibrillar bodies and amorphous fibrous tufts around the nuclear envelope. At a bleomycin concentration of 100 mug/ml, the nucleoli contained more granular elements and numerous microspherules. Almost 90% of the cells contained cytoplasmic fibrillar bodies. The effects of bleomycin in vivo (10 mg/kg) closely resemble those found in vitro with concentrations of 50 and 100 mug/ml. PMID- 45895 TI - Effect of glucocorticoids on activation of leukemia virus in AKR mouse embryo cells. AB - The effect of glucocorticoids on activation and replication of leukemia virus in AKR mouse embryo cells was analyzed. The number of cells detected as positive by fluorescent antibody techniques as well as the virus production in cells chronically producing virus was doubled at optimal concentrations of glucocorticoids. The effect of the hormones in activated cells was found to be not on the process of activation per se but rather on synthesis of the viral components after activation has occurred. Intracellular reverse transcriptase levels were not changed by hormone treatment. The stimulation of virus synthesis by glucocorticoids requires binding of the steroid to a cytoplasmic receptor protein. PMID- 45896 TI - Sequential cryotherapy for prostatic carcinoma: does it palliate the bone pain? PMID- 45897 TI - Neighborhood-based child welfare. PMID- 45898 TI - Modification of seizure activity by electrical stimulation: cortical areas. AB - 1. Three different cortical areas were found with respect to the development, by repeated electrical stimulation, of electrographic and motor seizures in rats. Paleocortical areas responded similarly to subcorticallimbic structures. Initial after-discharges (ADs) were accompanied by little or no behavioral response. With spaced reptition ADs became longer, propagated more strongly, and were eventually accompanied by a convulsive response in which the dominant components were forelimb clonus and rearing. Anterior neocortical placements, on the other hand, yielded convulsive responses from the first AD. These convulsive responses became stronger with repeated stimulation until a mild form of extension was triggered. ADs remained relatively short. Posterior neocortical areas showed electrographic developments very similar to those found in anterior neocortical areas but convulsive responses never developed. 2. All areas tested showed similar reductions in AD thresholds when repeatedly stimulated. Initial thresholds were lower in paleocortical than in neocortical areas. 3. Motor seizures developed more rapidly with stimulation of contralateral homologous sites after seizures had been developed in the primary (initially stimulated) focus. AD thresholds, on the other hand, were not significantly affected in contralateral sites after being lowered in primary sites. PMID- 45899 TI - Cortical evoked potentials elicited by real speech words and human sounds. AB - Averaged evoked potentials were recorded from PZ and left and right temporo parietal electodes to real speech words and human sounds in 8 right-handed subjects. Stimuli were presented in a "no task" condition where the subject was instructed to listen attentively, and a vigilance condition where the subject responded to a particular word or sound during a run of such stimuli. The vigilance condition produced two classes of stimuli:signals and non-signals. Evoked potentials to physically identical words or sounds were examined when they were "no task", non-signal and signal stimuli. P300 amplitude increased significantly as a function of increasing task demands going from "no task" to non-signal to signal. When a strict statistical criterion for multiple comparisons (Bonferroni test) was applied in looking for asymmetries between hemispheres, only 2 isolated left greater than right differences turned out to be significant. Review of the literature concerning evoked potential correlates of differential hemispheric processing pointed up flaws in design, statistical technique, and inconsistencies in reported findings which suggested that while evoked potentials may sometimes reflect differences in hemispheric functioning, this effect is marginal at best. PMID- 45900 TI - Comatose state maintained during eight years following a vascular ponto mesencephalic lesion. AB - A 24-year-old man survived for 8 years after a vascular lesion of the pons and midbrain. During these years a subresponsive comatose state with neurological signs extending from the oculomotor nuclei to the trigeminal and facial nuclei levels was present. A decorticated type of rigidity, with bilateral paralysis of the limbs accompanied by pyramidal signs, was also present. The EEG during the first months showed slow activity which afterwards gradually changed towards fast and alpha activities, maintained in the course of the years. The pathological diagnosis was a fibrous endarteritis, mainly in the territory of the basilar and vertebral arteries. The pons and midbrain, presenting a large cystic infarct, were serially studied to determine the anatomical extent of the lesion. After reviewing other examples from the literature, the clinical features of our case are discussed. The evolution of the EEG is related to different structures of the ponto-mesencephalic region with different functional activities. PMID- 45901 TI - Audiometric comparison of the middle and late components of the adult auditory evoked potentials awake and asleep. AB - The middle and the late components of auditory evoked potentials were alternately recorded in sequential sets from 28 adults, both awake and asleep. Sleep was induced by secobarbital and was monitored for depth. 1000 c/sec tone pips in one laboratory or filtered clicks in the other were delivered at 10, 20 or 30 dB sensation level. Control collections without stimulation were included. For the middle responses a single simple scoring template and one set of voltage criteria could be used for all stages of waking and sleeping. For late responses different templates and voltage criteria were needed. Estimates of the threshold of detection of the evoked potentials were based on the percentage of clearly positive responses was often not attained at 30 dB SL, i.e., the threshold was indeterminate. In light sleep and awake the middle responses of most subjects gave thresholds more sensitive than the late by 10-15 dB and also fewer indeterminate trials. The results in our two laboratories agreed closely in spite of differences in equipment and details of procedure. The relatively low thresholds of the middle responses (median 17.5 dB SL awake and 15 dB SL in light sleep) suggest that the middle responses must be considered seriously for use in clinical electric response audiometry, even though one of the 28 subjects failed to yield any identifiable middle responses. PMID- 45902 TI - Human sleep and EEG through a cycle of methadone dependence. AB - The effects of oral methadone on EEG and sleep were studied in 6 male postaddicts. Continuous nocturnal measurement of EEG, EMG and EOG was used to define sleep patterns. Period analysis and power spectral analysis were performed on each 8 min sample of daytime (eyes closed) EEG. Both sleep and EEG were studied during a predrug control period, during the methadone induction phase (45 60 mg/day), stabilization phase (100 mg/day), and then 6; 10, 13, 18 and 22 weeks after withdrawal. One subject did not complete the last two withdrawal sessions. While on methadone, subjects reported that they slept more and also showed an increase in slow wave activity and a decrease in fast wave activity of their EEG during this time. Nocturnal sleep was not markedly altered during the chronic administration of methadone. Subjects reported an increase in dreaming soon after withdrawal, and then 3-5 weeks of nocturnal isnomnia. At the 6th week after withdrawal, slow wave activity in the daytime EEG was decreased, fast wave activity was increased, and mean EEG frequency was increased. REM sleep and delta sleep were increased during withdrawal. These data provide further evidence that chronic administration of narcotic analgesics may induce persistent functional changes in the central nervous system. PMID- 45903 TI - Reliability of the contingent negative variation and the auditory evoked potential. AB - Contingent negative variations (CNVs) composed of 32 trials had a median subject consistency of 0.68 in retests separated from 5 min to 7 days. Hand measurement of the CNV was highly reliable with a median reliability of 0.96. Subject consistencies for the amplitudes and latencies of N1 and P2 components of a auditory evoked potential (AEP) had a median of 0.59 when 265 trials were averaged. These consistencies for N1 and P3 components had a median of 0.45 when only 16 trials were averaged. Median measurement reliabilities for the AEP were 0.92 for amplitudes and 0.66 for latencies. PMID- 45904 TI - A simulation study of the efficacy of stepwise discriminant analysis in the detection and comparison of event related potentials. AB - Cortical average evoked potentials were simulated by summing five damped sinusoids. The characteristics of these "evoked" responses could be manipulated by changing parameters of the sinusoids. The synthesized signals were mixed with noise processes whose power and band-width were manipulated. Thus data were generated to stimulate a variety of conditions which could conceivably occur in an experiment on evoked potentials. Stepwise discriminant analysis (BMD07M) has been applied to these simulated data in an attempt to determine the degree to which the program identifies, in a sensible manner, the differences we introduced into the synthesized evoked responses. The simulation results indicate that stepwise discriminant analysis can indeed be an efficacious tool in research on evoked potentials. The program does detect differences in evoked potentials. It can be used, with some reservations, to identify the components of an evoked potential which the experimental variables have affected. In a special set of simulations we have attempted to determine the degree to which stepwise discriminant analysis could serve to detect the presence or absence of an evoked potential. These simulations show that the score of an average evoked potential in the data. The implications of this finding to the use of evoked potentials in sensory sensitivity testing were evaluated in studies for the effect on them of stimulus intensity. PMID- 45905 TI - On the relation between the EMG frequency spectrum and the duration of symptoms in lesions of the peripheral motor neuron. AB - Two samples of muscles, one with proved, the other with doubtful neurogenic lesions have been investigated with EMG frequency analysis. Confirming reports from previous authors it was possible to show that a large proportion of muscles with proved lesions have a displacement of the frequency spectrum towards low frequencies("bass" displacement). The displacements were principally found in cases with old lesions. In a group of cases in which the symptoms had lasted a few months only a displacement towards high frequencies ("descant" displacement) was revealed. In view of these findings it was surprising to note a relatively large number of spectra with bass displacement in a group of cases in which the symptoms had lasted less than one month. The probable explanation of this is to be found in the fact that the muscles with bass displacement in this group principally belonged to patients with systemic diseases such as diabetes, alcoholism, renal insufficiency, itc., who quite possibly might have had earlier neurogenic lesions with a subclinical course. In the group of muscles with doubtful neurogenic lesions there was also found a comparatively large number of bass-displaced spectra. It was possible to show that here also there was a large number of patients with systemic diseases. PMID- 45906 TI - Visual evaluation and computer analysis of the EEG--a comparison. AB - Spectral parameter analysis (SPA) of the EEG provides a description of the distribution of spectral power in the EEG signal in the form of a rational spectrum with not more than 8 parameters. The spectrum is divided into 1-3 components described by frequency and power parameters: bandwidth (delta), peak frequency (f) and power (G). These spectral parameters are determined with the aid of a computer. The character of the EEG signal decides whether 1, 2 or 3 components (delta, alpha, beta) are needed to describe the spectrum. To test its practical value, the result of SPA was compared with that of ordinary visual evaluation of the EEG of 65 healthy men between the ages of 18 and 22 years. 20 sec sections from different leads were analysed and evaluated visually. Each EEG section was graded according to the amount of visually evaluated slow activity (VESA). To investigate the relation between the degree of VESA and the SPA result, statistical calculations (variance and regression analyses) were carried out, both for single SPA parameters and for the general type of spectrum, i.e., the number of components composing the spectrum. The SPA results from sections with artefacts were treated separately and compared statistically with results from artefact-free sections. In records with a high degree of VESA, all the leads analysed showed a tendency to have a power spectrum of low order, i.e., with few components. In most leads there was a linear regression between the degree of VESA and the bandwidth and power of the delta and alpha components. In several cases this relation was an expression of a significant linear change of the SPA parameter as a function of the degree of VESA. On the other hand the parameters of the beta component showed no relation to the degree of VESA. It was found that muscle activity could influence any spectral component thereby providing it with a strongly increased bandwidth. This is probably due to the fact that muscle activity resembles white noise in this particular frequency range. Low frequency artefacts affected only the delta component the bandwidth of which was significantly smaller than in the artefact-free sections. PMID- 45907 TI - An electronic activity integrator for operant conditioning of patterns of neural and muscular activity. AB - An activity integrator circuit designed to detect and operantly reinforce patterns of neural and muscular activity is described. An integrator voltage proportional to the weighted sum of multiple input signals reaches a threshold level when the requisite response pattern is emitted. A variety of response patterns may be differentially reinforced, depending on the nature of the integrated signals. PMID- 45908 TI - A device for recording single unit activity in freely-moving rats by a movable fine-wire microelectrode. PMID- 45909 TI - Frequency dependence of the transmission of the EEG from cortex to scalp. AB - Simultaneous recordings of the EEG at subdural and scalp electrodes often show very different activities. Large amplitude activity with maximum power between 15 and 30 c/sec can be often observed on the subdural electrodes together with smaller amplitude lower frequencies, whereas on the scalp only a small part of this high frequency activity is seen and the lower frequencies dominate. The impedance between cortex and scalp has been shown to be similar for low and high EEG frequencies and the high attenuation of the beta activity at scalp electrodes is believed to be due to summation of polyphasic cortical activity. The weighted summation of this polyphasic activity across a limited cortical area (spatial average) is similar to the activity of a non-recursive filter between cortex and scalp and has a low pass characteristic. PMID- 45910 TI - Localization of immunoreactive androgen in testicular tissue. AB - Immunohistochemical localization of androgen in the testes of both rat and squirrel monkey has been performed using an antiserum specific to testosterone and certain related androgens. The bound antibodies were visualized by coupling with antigammaglobulin labeled either with fluorescein isothiocyanate or with a horseradish peroxidase-diaminobenzidine technique. The highest concentration of androgen was found in the interstitial tissue but a significant amount was also present in the seminiferous tubules in the layer adjacent to the tubular wall. Very small amounts of androgen were localized in the tubular wall. This restricted localization in the tubules might indicate either de novo synthesis or active uptake of steroids intermediate in the biosynthesis of testosterone in the seminiferous tubules. PMID- 45912 TI - On the role of dihydrostreptomycin in streptomycin biosynthesis. PMID- 45911 TI - [Effect of reserpine and niamide on the ultrastructure of nerve endings in the pineal gland of white rat (studies by the Champy-Maillet method)]. PMID- 45913 TI - Acceptor specific inhibition of photosystem II electron transport by uncoupling agents. PMID- 45914 TI - In vivo and in vitro binding of dihydrostreptomycin to Escherichia coli ribosomes. PMID- 45915 TI - Ionized magnesium concentration in axoplasm of dialyzed squid axons. PMID- 45916 TI - Treatment of pulmonary emboli: vena caval interruption or anticoagulation? PMID- 45917 TI - [Comparative assays on chorionic gonadotropin excretion and concentrations of some protein fractions in cases of threatened abortion]. PMID- 45919 TI - Pathomorphologic, biochemical, and diagnostic aspects of gastrinomas (Zollinger Ellison syndrome). AB - The clinical symptomatology of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and the pathologic anatomy of gastrinomas are reviewed. Experience with 17 patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is presented with special reference to stimulation tests (secretin, glucagon, calcium infusion, test meal) and to localization and immunohistologic, ultrastructural, and biochemical findings in gastrinomas. Multiple hormone production by the tumors is frequent. The ultrastructure and the Sephadex G-50 gel filtration patterns of immunoreactive gastrin in sera and tumors are not uniform and are not related to localization of the tumors in the pancreas or duodenum or to the gastrin concentration. Hyperplasia of the pancreatic islets is a frequent finding in gastrinoma patients, suggesting that hypergastrinemia may stimulate islet growth. PMID- 45918 TI - [Protein metabolism in women receiving Stediril-Wyeth preparation as a contraceptive]. PMID- 45920 TI - Localization of cellular structures. PMID- 45921 TI - An inexpensive device for determining sinus node function and the refractory periods of cardiac conduction systems. PMID- 45922 TI - Recurrent granular corneal dystrophy. AB - Four full-thickness corneal buttons and tissue from one lamellar keratoplasty, derived from four patients with granular corneal dystrophy recurring in previously transplanted corneas, were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy. Fibrous tissue without vascularization was present between the epithelium and Bowman's membrane and contained deposits characteristic of granular dystrophy in both light and electron microscopy. The recurrence of dystrophy in the normal donor cornea is the result of infiltration of the grafted cornea by host invasion. The donor stroma is spared. PMID- 45923 TI - Arteriosclerotic changes within the diabetic oral vasculature. AB - Microscopic sections of diabetic, arteriosclerotic nondiabetic, and nondiabetic nonarteriosclerotic human palate were qualitatively evaluated for small artery colloidal-iron-positive, acid mucopolysaccharide content. The association of abnormal colloidal-iron-positive material with structural detail in the arterial wall was clarified by comparison with specimens of amputated diabetic human legs. PMID- 45924 TI - Significance of cellular interactions in the immune response. AB - Recent investigations relevant to T and B cell cooperation in humoral immunity are discussed from the following aspects: requirement for T cells in antibody responses; T cell facilitation of B cell responsiveness; T cell suppression of B cell responsiveness; evidence for a nonspecific influence of T cells on B cell responsiveness; relevance to clinical disorders. PMID- 45925 TI - Maximal rise in IgE antibody following ragweed pollination season. AB - Patients allergic to ragweed pollen who did not receive immunotherapy had an increase in ragweed-specific IgE antibodies associated with seasonal exposure. Of 17 such patients, 15 reached peak levels between mid-September and mid-October. Two had peak values after mid-October; the levels were only slightly higher than earlier values. Our study shows that serum obtained in mid-October reflects approximately the maximal IgE antibody level attained 0y ragweed-sensitive patients in our area and that this value can be used as a baseline in monitoring the subsequent decline in antibodies. In addition, our data support an earlier observation that the magnitude of seasonal rise in IgE antibody is related to the preseasonal value. The significantly positive correlation of the results of carefully performed skin tests (end point titration) with radioallergosorbent test (RAST) values suggests the possibility that the RAST can be employed as a reliable diagnostic aid, perhaps even replacing the skin test. PMID- 45926 TI - A selective inhibitor of the elicitation of immune-mediated reactions. AB - 6-Chloro-17 alpha-hydroxypregna-1,4,6-triene-3,20-dione (CHP), a steroid having a progestin-type structure yet not having progestational activity, was found to exhibit moderate anti-inflammatory activity in a number of conventional tests for corticoid potency (e.g., thymolytic, granuloma, carrageenin edema). CHP was essentially equipotent, however, with cortisol in models of inflammation mediated via delayed hypersensitivity such as experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, adjuvant-induced arthritis, mouse skin graft, and mouse skin delayed hypersensitivity. In contrast to cortisol, which inhibits both 19-s and 7-s antibody formation, CHP does not diminish the number of cells producing either antibody. PMID- 45927 TI - Glycocalyx of epidermal cells in vitro: demonstration and enzymatic removal. AB - Guinea-pig epidermal cells in culture possess a glycocalyx coat similar to that in vivo, as revealed by the ruthenium red stating technique. Trypsin, phospholipase C, and lysozyme do not produce any changes of the glycocalyx, while hyaluronidase and neuraminidase lead to partial and subcomplete removal respectively. Cells stripped of their glycocalyx coat by neuraminidase do not detach from the support and do not show any signs of toxicity. There is complete reconstitution of the glycocalyx within 24 hr. PMID- 45928 TI - Ultrastructural studies of keratinized epithelia of the mouse. IV. Quantitative studies of lysosomes. AB - Electron microscope cytochemical and simple morphometric studies have permitted an estimate to be made of the absolute numbers of lysosomes present in various cell layers of murine epidermis. Most lysosomes appear to be present in basal layer keratinocytes with few being detected in Langerhans cells or in granular layer keratinocytes. The observation that lysosomes are not numerous in any of the strata is discussed with respect to an alternative explanation for the presence of diffuse acid hydrolase activity in the granular layers. PMID- 45929 TI - Ultrastructural localization of in vivo bound immunoglobulins in bullous pemphigoid--a preliminary report. AB - The ultrastructural location of in vivo bound immunoglobulins in a case of bullous pemphigoid was determined by coupling peroxidase to antihuman gamma globulin. Immunoglobulin deposits were found exclusively in the space between the basal cells and the basal lamina. The location of the immunoglobulin in bullous pemphigoid thus differs from that in lupus erythematosus where immunoglobulins are found mainly below the basal lamina. PMID- 45930 TI - The relevance of alpha-fetoprotein measurements in prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 45931 TI - In vitro screening tests of thyroid function: a review. PMID- 45933 TI - Partial characterization of basic proteins of chicken, turtle and frog central nervous system myelin. PMID- 45932 TI - Comparative studies of guinea pig and bovine myelin basic proteins. Partial characterization of chemically derived fragments and their encephalitogenic activities in Lewis rats. PMID- 45934 TI - Morphological and functional identifications of catfish retinal neurons. I. Classical morphology. AB - The morphology of the catfish horizontal cells is comparable to that in other fish retinas. The external horizontal cells contact cone receptors and are stellate in shape; the intermediate horizontal cells are even more so and contact rod receptors. The internal horizontal cells constitute the most proximal layer of the inner nuclear layer and may possibly be, in reality, extended processes from the other two horizontal cell types. Bipolar cells resemble those in other teleost retinas: the size and shape of their dendritic tree encompass a continuous spectrum ranging from what is known as the small to the large bipolar cells. The accepted definition of amacrine cells is sufficiently vague to justify our originating a more descriptive and less inferential name for the (axonless) neurons in the inner nuclear layer which radiate processes throughout the inner synaptic layer. These starbust and spaghetti cells vary considerably in the character and extent of their dendritic spread, but correlates exist in other vertebrate retinas. Ganglion cells are found not only in the classical ganglion layer but displaced into the inner nuclear layer as well. Several types can be distinguished on the basis of cell geometry and by the properties of their dendritic tree. Not all of the categorization corresponds with previous descriptions; our findings suggest that some reorganization may be necessary in the accepted classification of cells in the proximal areas of the vertebrate retina. A subtle yet remarkable pattern underlies the entire structure of the catfish retina; there exists a definite gradient of size within a particular class of cells, and of configuration among the subclasses of a specific cell type. It remains to be seen if these morphological spectra bear any functional consequences. The fact that the structure of the catfish retina most closely resembles those of other phylogenetically ancient animals, such as the skate and the dogfish shark, testifies to its primitive organization; morphological and functional mechanisms discernible in this simple system may, therefore, be applicable to the retinas of higher ordered vertebrates. PMID- 45935 TI - Morphological and functional identifications of catfish retinal neurons. II. Morphological identification. AB - In this study the morphological origins of the responses from the catfish retinal neurons evoked by step inputs were determined by injecting intracellularly a dye, Procion yellow. A method was devised to view the dye-injected neurons in flat mount to study their dendritic expansion; later the same neurons could be sectioned radially to locate the levels of their somata or dendritic expansion. The results of this study show the inherent danger of identifying dye-injected neurons only in a radial or tangential view. Bipolar cells could be identified functionally without any ambiguity by changing widely the stimulus parameters, because the stimulation of their receptive-field center and surround gave rise to responses of opposing polarity. We found no exception to this rule. The neurons in the proximal layers produced a large variety of responses which could not be segregated into two such classes as the amacrine and ganglion cells. In this part II they were classified into three broad categories: neurons giving rise to sustained, transient, and spiking responses. The demarcation among the three types, morphologywise and functionwise, was vague and not well established. The sustained responses were recoreded from the starburst and spaghetti neurons (part I (9)) which correspond to Ramon y Cajal's (2) amacrine cells. The transient responses, whose patterns were largely invariant of the changes in the stimulus parameters, were recorded from a class of neurons with spindle-shaped somata in the INL. We do not know whether they had axons or not, but we will not be surprised if a future study defines them as a class of ganglion cells. Responses with or without spike discharges were recorded from a class of neurons which were identified as ganglion cells. Observations made on a large number of Procion injected neurons in both flat-mount preparations and radial sections show that finer dendritic arborizations were not seen in the dye-injected neurons although the presence of such branches was proved in the Golgi preparations. Probably this was due to the weak contrast of the Procion-injected cell against the tissue background, rather than the failure of the dye to diffuse into finer branches. We recognize the severe difficulty involved in the traditional approach of identifying a class of neurons based on typical but subjectively selected functional and structural samples. Neurons have to be classified statistically according to their (quantitative) parameters. (cont'd) PMID- 45936 TI - Morphological and functional identifications of catfish retinal neurons. III. Functional identification. PMID- 45937 TI - Migration and embolization of macrophages to the lung--a possible mechanism for colloid uptake in the lung during liver scanning. AB - Estrogenic stimulation of the RES in animals will result in the mobilization of large numbers of phagocytic cells from their natural sites of storage, chiefly the liver, spleen, and bone marrow, into the intravascular space. These cells are trapped in the pulmonary capillary bed and retain their ability to phagocytize colloidal particles. This is suggested to be the mechanism whereby increased lung uptake of colloidal radiopharmaceuticals is observed in some patients with liver diseases or other conditions stimulating the RES. It is further postulated that the known increase of estrogenic hormones in some patients with liver disease may be the in vivo stimulation resulting in increased mobilization of RES cells to the lung and subsequent isotope entrapment. It is possible that prognostic information can be obtained from this finding; however, its exact significance cannot be determined from this present study. PMID- 45938 TI - Relative tissue distribution of radioactivity in rats with endocrine "autonomous" breast carcinomas after 3H-,99mTc-, and 64Cu-bleomycin. AB - The localization of 64Cu-, 3H-, and 99mTc-labeled bleomycin was studied in tissues of Fisher rats bearing an endocrine autonomous breast tumor. The 64Cu bleomycin showed a greater uptake than 3H- and 99mTc-bleomycin in the breast tumor at all time intervals studied, from 2 to 72 hr after the tracer. This same differential uptake was shared by the liver and kidney. PMID- 45939 TI - The histomophologic and histochemical evaluation of the salivary and exorbital lacrimal glands in the hairless mouse. PMID- 45940 TI - Intraepithelial lymphocytes in the male reproductive tract of rats and rhesus monkeys. AB - Although lymphocytes are never present in 'normal ' seminiferous epithelium, they are found in the terminal portions of the seminiferous tubles near their junctions with the tubuli recti. Intraepithelia lymphocytes are also found in the tubuli recti testis, ductuli efferentes, epididymis and ductus deferens. The ultrastructural morphology of these cells closely resembles that of the intraepithelial lymphocytes in the intestinal mucosa and those obtained from the lymph nodes, spleen blood and thoracic duct. The mucleus is spherical and is characterized by clumps of chromatin near the nuclear membrane. A thin rim of cytoplasm is usually found, and is remarkably free of most cell organelles except for free ribosomes. Frequently, a blunt cytoplasmic process can be seen extending from one end of the cell. Membrane-bounded granules and other dense bodies are occasionally encountered in the cytoplasm. The possible functional significance of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the male reproductive tract is discussed. PMID- 45941 TI - Far-field recorded frequency-following responses: correlates of low pitch auditory perception in humans. AB - The recent demonstration that auditory frequency-following responses (FFR) can be recorded by signal averaging from the human scalp, opened the way for studies correlating FFR with auditory experience. This report describes FFR amplitude changes as a function of stimulus intensity and the addition of masking noise. The first experiment revealed a high degree of consistency both within and across subjects in the latency, phase and waveform of averaged FFR. This experiment also demonstrated a monotonic relationship between average FFR amplitude and stimulus intensity between 40 and 65 dB SL. Results of the second experiment showed a close correlation between the detectability of a tone in a noise masker and FFR amplitude. FFR amplitude diminishes precipitously as noise intensity approaches or exceeds the threshold for masking of the tone. These results are interpreted as emphasizing the role of neural periodicity mechanisms in the preception of low frequencies. PMID- 45942 TI - Cortico-striatal evoked potentials in the monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - A systematic study has been made of topographic organization in the striatum of evoked potentials elicited by stimulation of the cerebral cortex in unanesthetized, comatose monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Stimulation of the dorsal field of the prefrontal convexity elicited potentials primarily in rostral portions of the caudate, while stimulation of the ventral field of the prefrontal convexity elicited potentials in ventromedial areas of the putamen. Stimulation of different points on the precentral and postcentral gyri revealed a distinct somatopic organization of evoked responses in the putamen, although responsive zones in the putamen to precentral and postcentral stimulation showed almost total overlap. An overlap of responsive zones to stimulation of the dorsal prefrontal convexity and the premotor area (area 6) was found in the dorsolateral part of the rostral caudate, while a zone of overlap of responses to stimulation of the ventral prefrontal convexity and "hand" motor area of the precentral gyrus was found in the ventromedial area of the putamen near the commissural level. PMID- 45943 TI - Evoked potential correlates of selective attention with multi-channel auditory inputs. AB - Ten subjects were presented with a random sequence of 50 msec tone pips at a rapid rate (averaging one tone every 225 msec). The tones came from four different sound sources or sensory "channels" each having a different pitch (2000,4000,1000, and 500 c/sec respectively) and perceived spatial position (spaced equidistant across the head). Within each sensory "channel" a random 10% of the tones were of a slightly higher pitch (designated as "targets"). The subject attended to one channel at a time for 7.5 min and counted the targets in that channel. The auditory evoked vertex potential elicited by a channel of stimuli when attended was compared with the mean vertex potential elicited by those same stimuli when the other three channels were being attended. The N1 component (latency 80130 msec) measured re a baseline revealed an increase with attention (82% in the baselineN1 measure, P less than 10-). It was concluded that: (1) this N1 enhancement could not be attributed to peripheral mechanisms acting on sensory transmission; (2) this N1 enhancement reflects a "finely tuned" selective attention to one channel of stimuli among several concurrent and competing channels; and (3) a probable relationship exists between the information load on the subject and the magnitude of this EP enhancement with selective attention. PMID- 45944 TI - Rhythmic slow wave activity recorded in the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum in the rat. AB - 1. Slow rhythmic theata-type waves were recorded in the sub-interpeduncular ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT) in the rat. This region is one of the parts of the "limbic midbrain area". These waves are recorded during certain attentive waking states, during the execution of voluntary movements and during paradoxical sleep. 2. These rhythmic VMT waves seem to be of the same nature as the theta rhythm recorded in the limbic structures. A lesion of the septum suppresses the slow rhythmic waves at the mesencephalic level as well as at the telencephalic level. 3. Although we have now shown that the mesencephalic and telencephalic slow rhythmic waves have the same pacemaker, the pathways which transmit the theta rhythm to the VMT are not well known. However, it is reasonable to suppose that the fibres of the post-commissural fornix are involved in this transmission. PMID- 45945 TI - Hyperactive behavior and EEG arousal reactions in children. AB - EEG arousal reactions and parameters of spontaneous EEG activity were studied in two extreme groups of behavior problem children (11 hyperactives and 11 non hyperactives), selected on the basis of a rating of motor restlessness the core symptom of the "hyperactivity syndrome". The EEG was recorded in three reaction time experiments: a tone light conditioning paradigm and two series with random stimulation. An automatic analysis of EEG parameters was employed to describe the time functions of alpha amplitudes in the single trial. The main findings are: 1. In periods free from stimulation, hyperactive children have higher alpha and beta amplitudes, more alpha waves and a smaller amount of beta waves. This indicates a lower state of EEG arousal in the hyperactives. 2. The amplitude reduction to tone (in the single trial) develops more slowly in the hyperactive group. This group difference increases over the experimental situations. 3. The arousal responses to tone, in terms of the level of maximum amplitude reduction, become comparably weaker in the hyperactives across the experiments. 4. Under all experimental conditions the hyperactives exhibit shorter arousal responses to the light stimulus than the non-hyperactive children. 5. Reaction time performance of the groups is clearly different, hyperactives showing the longer latencies. 6. Although conditional changes in the arousal reactions to both stimuli are reliably demonstrable in all children, the groups show no difference in the corresponding measures. These findings are discussed under the aspects of activation and of attention behavior of the subjects. PMID- 45946 TI - [An electrophysiological study of direct occipito-frontal connections in centrum semi-ovale of Papio papio]. AB - 1. Evoked responses to single visual stimuli (VEP) and driving by intermittent light stimulation (ILS) were recorded with macroelectrodes from the central white matter (centrum semiovale) of 12 Papio papio baboons. 2. Two types of VEP were identified: VEPs with constant morphology, localized in the long associative bundles connecting the occipital, temporal and frontal lobes; VEPs with variable morphology and without any preferential localization; these probably originate from other types of fibres also belonging to the centrum semi-ovale. 3. Concerning the long associative bundles which have been individualized, they might be the equivalent of the occipito-frontal and the superior and inferior longitudinal bundles well known in man. The fusion frequency observed in these bundles during ILS increases from the frontal to the occipital lobe, because of their involvement (particularly in the parieto-temporal region) with other fibres of the centrum semi-ovale also likely to be driven by ILS. The existence of driving by ILS in these bundles demonstrates an activation of the frontal lobe by visual impulses. PMID- 45947 TI - The contingent negative variation during a memory retrieval task. AB - Evoked potentials were recorded from the human scalp during performance of a memory retrieval task modeled after a paradigm originated by Sternberg (1966). Subjects were required to decide whether a probe digit was contained in a series of one to four target digits presented a few seconds before. The amplitude of the contingent negative variation (CNV) preceding the probe digit and the speed of CNV resolution after the probe varied as a function of target set size. CNV amplitude was greatest when the set size was one. The smaller the set size, the more positive the evoked potential 300 msec after the probe, regardless of whether a motor response was required. PMID- 45948 TI - Evolution of sleep spindles in childhood. AB - Twenty-six normal children (age range range 4-68 months) were studied during Stage 2 sleep which occurred within 20 min preceding or following the first three REM periods of the night. Sleep spindles were measured in Fp1T3. The number, length, and percent of sleep spindle activity were found to be maximal at 46 months of age. Beyond 6 months spindle activity decreased to reach minimal values by 27 months, remained fairly constant to 54 months, then rose again to higher values in the oldest subjects. The mean spindle-wave frequency was 1314 c/sec in subjects younger than 40 months, but was 12-13 c/sec in older subjects. Spindle onsets in Fp1T3 and Fp2T4 were more often concurrent in older as compared to younger subjects. Auditory stimulation (binaural clicks, 60 dB above hearing threshold) affected neither the incidence nor the length of spindles during sleep. Because sizable changes in sleep spindle activity are found between 3 months and 5 years of age, and because such changes are relatively consistent between subjects, it is concluded that sleep spindles recorded between frontal and temporal areas may serve as a useful index of neural maturation in the human subject. PMID- 45949 TI - A 16-channel cassette tape recorder system for clinical EEGs. AB - A 16-channel EEG tape recorder system having a frequency response of DC-100 Hz for each channel is described. The system utilized standard commercially available highfidelity audio tape decks in conjunction with specially designed circuits for time-division multiplexing a balanced amplitude modulation PMID- 45950 TI - Selective averaging of the intracerebral click evoked responses in man: an improved method of measuring latencies and amplitudes. AB - Individual click evoked responses recorded in the right and left frontal lobe in man have been correlated with different templates, that is, particular wave shapes of evoked responses, and from the maxima of the cross correlation functions individual estimates were obtained of amplitude and latency. Averages were then made of evoked responses having particular amplitude and/or latency values. Using such selected trials for averaging, better results were obtained and artificial amplitude damping avoided. It was found for example that the component N90 varied in latency between 75 and 100 msec and was linked with the behaviour of the contralateral recorded potential amplitude of P150. Furthermore it was found that the biphasic potential N230 P430 was very unstable in latency and the amplitude of the averaged potential using all trials was about 30% too small. PMID- 45951 TI - Detection of neuroelectric signals from multiple data channels by optimum linear filter methods. AB - A general mathematical formulation for predicting achievable levels of detection of neuroelectric signals in associated background noise is provided for the case where such data are obtainable from multiple recording loci. The formulation depends upon the signal-to-noise ratios and bandwidths of the incorporated data channels and on the degree of noise dependency between channels. The signals are assumed to relate to the same event such as the production of an incipient movement but need not have the same waveshape. The detection technique is based upon passage of the data through a series of optimum linear filters. The outputs of the filters can either be summated in analog fashion prior to making the detection decision, or their separate outputs and separate detection decisions can be treated combinatorially to determine a detection decision for the aggregate. The former method is superior to the latter for small numbers of data channels. The latter method may be preferable where variation in signal latency exists between channels. Incorporation of information from multiple channels with independent noise can result in significant improvement over detection signals from a single channel provided that the signal-to-noise level of each additional channel exceeds that of the aggregate divided by square rootK, K being the total number of added channels. However, the presence of noise dependency between channels may severly restrict the degree of imporvement realizable through the multiple channel detection operation, irrespective of the number of added cha nels. The implication of this result on the possibility of using EEG signals predicting incipient movement to control the operation of a motor prosthesis is profound. Inter-channel noise dependency with correlation coefficienr filter method of detection levels required for prosthesis operation. Zero lag correlation coefficients between electrical recordings from separate cortical loci both in man a PMID- 45952 TI - Identification of X and Y spermatozoa in the northern vole, Microtus oeconomus. PMID- 45953 TI - Direct depth recording of the striate cortex during REM sleep in man: are there PGO potentials? AB - Direct recording from the striate cortex was performed in an adult patient and the activity which occurred during paradoxical sleep is described. Monophasic and diphasic potentials, isolated or grouped in bursts, were observed, with no strict relationships with oculomotor activity. Arguments in favour of and against these potentials being PGO waves are discussed PMID- 45954 TI - Disorganized relations of tonic and phasic events of REM sleep in a case of brain stem tumour. AB - This study concerns a case of infliltrating tumour of the pons in which a night sleep recording was performed. Selective disorganization of REM sleep was observed, with lack of muscular atonia and disturbances of tonic-phasic relationships. These data are discussed with respect to the results of local destructions performed experimentally in animals. PMID- 45956 TI - A supravital cytodiagnostic stain for urinary sediments. AB - A mixture of aqueous solutions of National fast blue, a copper-phthalocyanine dye, and pyronin B, a red xanthene dye, when added to fresh urinary sediment, supravitally stains benign or malignant cells and the various types of casts and their inclusions. The stain facilitates identification of the formed elements and particularly aids in the differentiation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, and renal tubular cells. A variable staining of casts and their inclusions has been observed. Tumor cells may be recognized by nuclear abnormalities or, in case of hyperchromatic tendency, by a very rapid and early uptake of dye preceding that of the surrounding cells. The staining method is rapid and simple enough for routine urinalysis and screening procedures. PMID- 45955 TI - Effect of ochratoxin and aflatoxin on serum proteins, complement activity, and antibody production to Brucella abortus in guinea pigs. AB - The effect of ochratoxin alone and in combination with aflatoxin and Brucella abortus antigen on complement activity, serum proteins, and antibody response in guinea pigs was investigated. Ochratoxin did not affect complement activity or antibody response and there was no interaction between ochratoxin and aflatoxin on any of the responses tested. Ochratoxin significantly lowered the level of beta-globulin in serum of guinea pigs. There was no significant interaction between aflatoxin and antigen on lowering of the serum albumin levels of guinea pigs. PMID- 45957 TI - [Fluorometric method of separate determination of free and protein bound cortisol and corticosterone in blood plasma]. PMID- 45958 TI - [Method of elution and transport of steroid hormones by chromatography]. PMID- 45959 TI - [Fluorometric determination of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids in the blood]. PMID- 45960 TI - [Universal laser epidiaprojector in the clinical laboratory]. PMID- 45961 TI - [Value of the platelet fixation method in evaluation of the thrombocyte formula]. PMID- 45962 TI - [Method of determination of the degree of thrombocytolysis]. PMID- 45963 TI - [Microbiological characteristics of pneumonia in acute leukosis]. PMID- 45964 TI - [Determination of free and bound 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in human urine]. PMID- 45965 TI - [Digestive capacity of neutrophils in leukoses]. PMID- 45966 TI - [Method of obtaining biological masses of mycoplasma]. PMID- 45967 TI - [Preparation and use of ascites-free culture media for the diagnosis of gonorrhea]. PMID- 45968 TI - [Use of semifluid culture media in the study of the bactericidal activity of cationic surface-active substances]. PMID- 45969 TI - [Determination of the serotoninopexic capacity of blood serum by the fluorometric method]. PMID- 45970 TI - [Heteroleukoagglutination reaction in the laboratory diagnosis of visceral candidiasis]. PMID- 45971 TI - [Micromethod of production of the passive hemagglutination reaction for the identification of aphthous stomatitis antigens and antibodies]. PMID- 45972 TI - [Depressed passive hemagglutination reaction--a method of detecting non agglutinating serologically active components]. PMID- 45973 TI - [Rapid diagnosis of syphilis]. PMID- 45974 TI - [Biological method of determining total kallikrein activity in the plasma of man and laboratory animals]. PMID- 45975 TI - [Electrophoretic heterogenicity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of persons with normal and moderately decreased activities of the enzyme]. PMID- 45976 TI - [Micromethod of determining glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the blood]. PMID- 45977 TI - [Use of Bernshtein's qualitative test for evaluation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in erythrocytes]. PMID- 45978 TI - [Disorders in potassium and sodium metabolism in nephrolithiasis in children]. PMID- 45979 TI - [Method of determination of the hematocrit index]. PMID- 45980 TI - [Differentiation of Shigella sonnei by the method of determination of its enzyme and colicinogenic properties]. PMID- 45981 TI - [Simple method of preparation of a semifluid coating medium with methylcellulose for the determination of the plaque-forming abilities of viruses]. PMID- 45982 TI - [Apparatus for the filtration of biological fluids through bacterial filters under pressure]. PMID- 45983 TI - [Convenient and easy to manufacture cage for balance studies in white rats]. PMID- 45984 TI - [Method of determining contact prekallikrein and inhibitors of kallikrein in the blood plasma of man]. PMID- 45985 TI - Letter: Prognosis in coma. PMID- 45986 TI - Letter: Recovery after minor head injury. PMID- 45987 TI - Letter: Health services in Chile. PMID- 45988 TI - Letter: Evolution and premenstrual tension. PMID- 45989 TI - Letter: Immune electron microscopy and hepatitis A. PMID- 45990 TI - Letter: Hepatitis-B antigenaemia associated with progressive cirrhosis and membranous glomerulonephritis. PMID- 45991 TI - Letter: Reliability of the history. PMID- 45993 TI - Letter: Bowie and Dick test for autoclaves. PMID- 45992 TI - Letter: Screening for cancer. PMID- 45994 TI - Letter: Modified Bowie-Dick test. PMID- 45995 TI - Letter: Nitroblue-tetrazolium test. PMID- 45996 TI - Letter: Geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 45997 TI - Letter: Acid-base diagrams. PMID- 45998 TI - Letter: Calcium balance in pregnancy. PMID- 45999 TI - Letter: Temporary paralysis in childhood after influenza B. PMID- 46000 TI - Letter: Ischaemia times and phenoxybenzamine in human cadaver-kidney donors. PMID- 46002 TI - Letter: Admissions to medical schools. PMID- 46001 TI - Letter: Oral bacterial vaccine and colds. PMID- 46003 TI - Letter: Chemophrophylaxis of meningococcal infection. PMID- 46004 TI - Letter: Seasonal variation of patent ductus arteriosus. PMID- 46005 TI - Letter: Treatment of malignant melanoma. PMID- 46006 TI - Letter: Emergency endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 46008 TI - Letter: Follow-up in tuberculosis. PMID- 46007 TI - Letter: Hypokalaemia of barium poisoning. PMID- 46009 TI - Letter: Levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 46010 TI - Letter: Epipodophyllotoxin in mycosis fungoides. PMID- 46011 TI - Letter: Sperm inhibition of lymphocyte transformation. PMID- 46012 TI - Letter: Spontaneous autorosettes in man. PMID- 46013 TI - Letter: Duration of breast-feeding. PMID- 46014 TI - Letter: Differentiation of iron deficiency from thalassaemia trait. PMID- 46015 TI - Letter: Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia. PMID- 46016 TI - Vincent Zachary Cope. PMID- 46017 TI - Aleck William Bourne. PMID- 46018 TI - Percy Stocks. PMID- 46019 TI - Cyclophosphamide treatment in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome of childhood. AB - An 8-week course of 3 mg. per kg. body-weight per day of cyclophosphamide was administered to eighty-two children with steroid-senstitive nephrotic syndrome. One died, and of the remainder, 69% were in remission after 1 year and 44% after 4-years. Older children and those in whom cyclophosphamide was given during a steroid-maintained remission fared better. PMID- 46020 TI - Bacterial colonisation of jejunal mucosa in acute tropical sprue. AB - Fifteen of sixteen Caucasians with acute tropical sprue were founc to have numerous aerobic bacteria closely associated with the mucosal layer of the proximal jejunum. Four species of Enterobacteria were grown in eleven patients, and concentrations were higher in the mucosal patients than in the jejunal fluid. Only one of eight control cases with similar tropical exposure but without mucosal morphological abnormalities had any similar bacteria in the mucosal biopsy. In no case were Bacteroides isolated. Since clinical and biochemical improvement only occurred on treatment with tetracycline when enterobacteria were eliminated from the mucosa, it is suggested that these organisms may be responsible for persisting jejunal abnormalities in tropical sprue. PMID- 46021 TI - 12-month follow-up of yoga and bio-feedback in the management of hypertension. AB - Twenty hypertensive patients treated by psychophysical relaxation exercises were followed up monthly for 12 months. Age and sex matched hypertensive controls were similarly followed up for 9 months. Statistically significant reductions in blood pressure (BP) and antihypertensive drug requirements were satisfactorily maintained in the treatment group. Mere repetition of B.P. measurements and increased medical attention did not in themselves reduce B.P. significantly in control patients. PMID- 46022 TI - A critical search for evidence of changes in levels of circulating IgE in patients with cancer. AB - Serum-IgE levels in 95 patients with various advanced malignant conditions were determined by the radioimmunosorbent test. The results obtained did not support the claims of other workers that a high proportion of untreated cancer patients have extremely high circulating IgE levels, attributable to the release of a tumour constituent which interferes with this radioimmunoassay procedure. PMID- 46023 TI - Hypertensive crisis, erythrocytosis, and uraemia due to renal-artery stenosis of kidney transplants. AB - Two patients with kidney transplants had hypertensive encephalopathy and rapidly progressive kidney failure 10 weeks and 18 months postoperatively. In one patient renal failure was associated with erythrocytosis. Absence of proteinuria, despite progressive renal insufficiency in both patients, suggested that these abnormalities were not due to rejection episodes. Subsequently, angiography proved that each of these patients had renal-artery stenosis. Surgical repair of this lesion increased creatinine clearance at least threefold, and the hypertension and erythrocytosis disappeared. Apparent "rejection" episodes in which there is no proteinuria should alert clinicians to the possiblity of renal artery stenosis of the graft. Restoration of kidney function and amelioration of hypertension may follow revascularisation, even after many months of renal ischaemia producing severe uraemia. PMID- 46024 TI - Parvovirus-like particles in human sera. AB - A parvovirus-like antigen has been found in sera of nine healthy blood-donors and two patients. Its pathogenicity is unknown, but 30% of adults possess specific antibody. The new agent can be confused with hepatitis-B antigen both morphologically and serologically. PMID- 46025 TI - Adenosine-deaminase deficiency in a child diagnosed prenatally. AB - Deficiency of red-blood-cell adenosine deaminase (R.B.C.-A.D.A.) has been reported in a proportion of patients with the autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (S.C.I.D.). In a family in which a child had died with S.C.I.D., R.B.C.-A.D.A. levels in the parents and other members of the family were compatible with a heterozygous state for A.D.A. deficiency. Cultured amniotic-fluid cells obtained from a subsequent pregnancy contained less than 1.5% of A.D.A. activity of normal amniotic cultures. The prenatal diagnosis of A.D.A. deficiency was confirmed at birth by the absence of A.D.A. ACTIVITY IN THE CHILD'S RED-BLOOD-CELLS. Clinical and laboratory findings in this child are similar to those of the sibling who had died with S.C.I.D. PMID- 46026 TI - Low-renin hypertension: nephrosclerosis? AB - A substantial group of patients with essential hypertension have abnormally low renin levels which respond poorly to stimulation. Important differences in response to therapy and in prognosis have been described between these and other hypertensive patients. It is suggested that the vascular changes of nephrosclerosis, which may be seen in both hypertensive and normal subjects, result in a reduction of afferent arteriolar distensibility, with impairment of basal renin secretion and responsiveness. This hypothesis accords with both of the known clinical characteristics of low-renin hypertension and with the known effect of arterial changes upon the activity of other baroreceptors. PMID- 46027 TI - Role of Fc receptors in herpes simplex virus infection. AB - It is suggested that Fc receptors which appear on the surface of cells infected by herpes-simplex virus confer a biological advantage on the virus--perhaps by binding immunoglobulin molecules or antigen-antibody complexes on the cell surface, thus blocking viral antigenic sites, or by consuming antibody directed at surface viral antigen or by modifying replication of the virus. PMID- 46028 TI - Editorial: Oral glucose/electrolyte therapy for acute diarrhoea. PMID- 46030 TI - Editorial: That it should come to this. PMID- 46031 TI - Editorial: Visceral leishmaniasis in Italy. PMID- 46029 TI - Editorial: Crohn's disease: new concepts needed. PMID- 46032 TI - Editorial: Routine chest radiographs. PMID- 46033 TI - Editorial: No interim award. PMID- 46034 TI - Ethics of selective treatment of spina bifida. Report by a working party. AB - Ethical problems in medicine usually arise when normal guiding principles appear to be in conflict. In the case of babies with severe spina bifida, or similar abnormalities, two such fundamental principles may be applied with opposing conclusions. The first is that any decision requires an estimate of the balance of suffering and happiness for those concerned in an action, and the other is the assertion that human life is sacred. Resolution of the conflict between these is possible by looking at the problem in a different and less fundamental way, and one such approach is through the concept of ordinary and extraordinary means. While man does not possess power of absolute ownership over life, his duties of stewardship require him to use ordinary means of safeguarding life; he may use, but is not obliged to use, extraordinary means. The distinction between ordinary and extraordinary means may vary with circumstance, and so the application of this principle involves decisions at a third or more practical level. These include an assessment of the child's abnormality, of the effects of this upon the quality of life possible for the child, and of the burdens that will be placed on the family and society. At each level the ethical decisions involve complex choices, and clearly any present policies must be regarded as temporary unavoidable compromises rather than as final solutions. PMID- 46035 TI - Shigellosis in day-care centres. AB - Increasing numbers of outbreaks of shigellosis in day-care centres have been reported to the Center for Disease Control since 1972. Investigations reveal certain unique epidemiological features of shigellosis in this setting. Attack rates tend to be higher than in outbreaks in primary schools, and epidemiologically these outbreaks resemble those in custodial institutions. Person-to-person transmission is the usual mode of spread; secondary spread within households is common, and there may also be significant spread to the community at large. Preventive measures should be directed at children, staff, and the day-care centre environment. Control of outbreaks may require closing the centre and must include separation of infected and uninfected persons, judicious use of antibiotics, and correction of deficiencies in hygiene and health education. Improved surveillance of shigellosis in day-care centres will be an aid in efforts toward controlling this increasingly important public-health problem. PMID- 46037 TI - The consultants' contract. PMID- 46036 TI - Mrs. Partington and the consultants. PMID- 46038 TI - Letter: Cancer: failure of localisation of the immune system? PMID- 46039 TI - Letter: The consultants' contract. PMID- 46040 TI - Letter: Tight gloves. PMID- 46041 TI - Letter: Assessment of the Apgar score. PMID- 46042 TI - Letter: Rates of XYY genotype in penal and mental settings. PMID- 46043 TI - Letter: Live varicella vaccine. PMID- 46044 TI - Letter: Human placental lactogen and fetal abnormality. PMID- 46045 TI - Letter: Counter electrophoresis and detection of viruses. PMID- 46046 TI - Letter: Neonatal jaundice after induction of labour. PMID- 46047 TI - Short-course chemotherapy in pulmonary tuberculosis. A controlled trial by the British Thoracic and Tuberculosis Association. AB - The results of short courses of chemotherapy using rifampicin plus isoniazid, supplemented for the first two months by streptomycin or ethambutol, in patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis, have been studied. 174 patients with little or no cavitation received six months chemotherapy. 1 (0.6%) failed to convert to culture negative during treatment and 5 (3%) relapsed in the twelve months after the end of treatment. In 177 patients with similar disease, twelve months chemotherapy was 100% effective in rendering the sputum culture negative and in preventing relapse in the six months after the end of treatment. 151 patients with more extensive cavitation received chemotherapy for nine months; this was 100% effective in sputum conversion and in preventing relapse in the nine months after the end of treatment. In 155 patients with similar disease, the eighteen-month regimen was uniformly successful in sputum conversion. The rifampicin plus isoniazed regimen was well tolerated, producing adverse effects which warranted withdrawal from the study in only 3.6% of patients. Comparison of ethambutol with streptomycin as a third drug given for the first eight weeks showed no significant difference in the rate of sputum conbersion nor in the incidence of relapse. Streptomycin produced significant adverse effects in 8% of patients whilst ethambutol caused none. Chemotherapy with rifampicin plus isoniazed for nine months, supplemented initially by ethambutol, is more acceptable than standard chemotherapy for eighteen months, is highly effective in sputum conversion, and has resulted in no relapses over a nine-month follow-up period. Further follow-up is being continued to confirm that relapse does not occur. PMID- 46048 TI - Leukaemia and lymphoma patients interlinked by prior social contact. AB - Patients with either leukemia or lymphoma were asked if they had close personal associations with other patients before the onset of disease. Iinitial interviews indicated that several patients could be interlinked into social clusters. Tumour-registry records were used to contact each patient (or a surviving relative) diagnosed during the years 1964-73 in three areas of West Virginia. Close personal associations, antedating the onset of disease in 1 or both individuals of each linkage pair, were detected in 14 of 23 (61%), 14 of 22 (68%), and 6 of 8 (75%) patients from these three areas during this ten-year period. In addition, among 28 randomly selected patients with Hodgkin's disease from various parts of the United States, 10 (36%) had direct or indirect close personal associations with 17 other patients with leukemia or lymphoma. Patients with leukemia or lymphoma frequently are interlinked by prior close personal associations to other patients with these diseases. PMID- 46050 TI - Lord treatment of haemorrhoids. Four-year follow-up of fifty patients. AB - A prospective study as been carried out on fifty patients with haemorrhoids treated by the Lord method who were followed up for at least four years. All patients were interviewed and examined regularly during the observation period. 75% of patients were rendered symptom-free or considerably improved. Apparently the long-term results of this method of treatment can be predicted from the results at eighteen months after operation. PMID- 46049 TI - Treatment of small-cell carcinoma of bronchus. AB - A randomised trial comparing radiotherapy with a multiple chemotherapy regimen in 68 patients with small cell carcinoma of bronchus is reported. Although overall survival was poor, radiotherapy resulted in significantly longer survival, better amelioration of symptoms, and less side-effects than chemotherapy. Patients achieving complete or partial remission on radiotherapy relapsed mainly with extrathoracic disease, in contradistinction to those treated with chemotherapy whose thoracic disease recurred. PMID- 46051 TI - Urinary-tract infection: localisation and virulence of Escherichia coli. AB - Virulence of 15 strains of Escherichia coli from the human upper urinary tract was compared with that of 16 strains from the lower urinary tract, using an ascending infection in the mouse. No significant difference was found. There was no significant difference in frequency of K antigen and ability to ferment dulcitol between 32 lower strains and 31 upper strains. However, 22 strains containing K antigen, regardless of anatomical site of localisation, were more significantly likely to cause infection than 9 strains with no antigen. Similarly, 23 dulcitolfermenting strains, regardless of site of localisation, were significantly more likely to cause infection than 8 non-fermenting strains. PMID- 46052 TI - The small-intestinal mucosa in cow's milk allergy. AB - Two infants investigated for allergy to cow's milk proteins exhibited a local reaginic reaction in the small intestine after ingesting cow's milk, as shown by increased mucosal IgE plasma-cells and degranulation of mast cells. IgM plasma cells and the staining of connective tissue and basement membranes with antisera to IgG and C3 complement were also increased, indicating several simultaneous immune reactions in the intestinal mucosa. These findings may provide a sound basis for diagnosis of such an allergy and for the treatment of similar patients with disodium cromoglycate. PMID- 46053 TI - Medical manipulation of the ductus arteriosus. AB - Prostaglandin E-1 was infused into two children with cyanotic congenital heart disease where patency of the ductus arteriosus was necessary to maintain arterial oxygen saturation. With each infusion oxygen saturation rose, probably as a result of dilatation of the ductus. Administration of the non-specific antagonist of prostaglandin synthesis, indomethacin, to one patient was associated with a fall in arterial saturation. The prevention of ductus closure by p.g.E-1 infusions over the first few weeks of life is a possiblility. PMID- 46054 TI - Probable identification of an HL-A second-locus antigen associated with a high risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AB - An HL-A antigen profile comprising an increased frequency of HL-A2 and undetectable second-locus antigen(s) in Chinese patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (N.P.C.) has been reported. To investigate whether the deficit of second-locus antigen(s) had a genetic basis, sera from parous women in Singapore were screened for anti HL-A activity corresponding to the second-locus "bland". A second-locus (Singapore-2) was identified which seems to be associated with a high risk of N.P.C. PMID- 46055 TI - Model for extrusion of insulin beta granules. AB - Considerable controversy surrounds the mechanisms of insulin secretion. This hypothesis attempts to explain the events which may lead to insulin extrusion through the beta-cell membrane. The role of various effectors of insulin secretion on the activities of membrane-bound enzymes is discussed. Glucose, without effect on these enzymes, did induce insulin secretion from insulin granules and plasma membranes in vitro. The model proposes a mechanism whereby glucose may trigger first-phase insulin secretion; reinforcing mechanisms, such as raised levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, could augment subsequent secretion. PMID- 46056 TI - Mode of insulin action. AB - A unifying hypothesis is proposed for the mechanism of insulin action in adipose tissue. Insulin both induces displacement of Ca++ from a membrane-bound pool and inhibits efflux of the ion, thereby facilitating a rise in intracellular free Ca++ concentration. The former effect could enhance the transport of substrates and ions into the cell, while the latter modulates the activity of some intracellular enzymes to stimulate glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and decrease lipolysis and glycogenolysis. The calcium ion might act as the missing second messenger for insulin action. PMID- 46057 TI - Editorial: Selecting the vagotomy or selecting the patient? PMID- 46059 TI - Editorial: Moves on all three fronts. PMID- 46058 TI - Editorial: A proliferation of professors. PMID- 46060 TI - Editorial: Levamisole. PMID- 46061 TI - Editorial: Absolutism and alcoholism. PMID- 46062 TI - Editorial: Antibiotics for osteomyelitis. PMID- 46063 TI - Editorial: Rotating tourniquets for left ventricular failure. PMID- 46064 TI - Multiple sclerosis and the swayback story. PMID- 46065 TI - Possible role of animal feeding-stuffs in spread of antibiotic-resistant intestinal coliforms. PMID- 46066 TI - Letter: National dried milk. PMID- 46067 TI - Letter: A cure for dangerous fever. PMID- 46068 TI - Letter: Lithium in thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 46069 TI - Letter: Primary medical care of mental illness. PMID- 46070 TI - Letter: Intralesional P.P.D. in malignant melanoma. PMID- 46071 TI - Letter: Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in depression. PMID- 46072 TI - Letter: Protein requirement. PMID- 46073 TI - Letter: Urinary reflux and chronic pyelonephritis. PMID- 46074 TI - Letter: Prospective diagnosis of spina bifida. PMID- 46075 TI - Letter: Assessment of the Apgar score. PMID- 46076 TI - Letter: Kanam mandible's tumour. PMID- 46077 TI - Letter: Oral glucose electrolyte therapy for acute diarrhoea. PMID- 46078 TI - Letter: Quality and quantity in chemical pathology. PMID- 46079 TI - Letter: Asthma and cancer. PMID- 46080 TI - Letter: Screening for hypertension. PMID- 46081 TI - Letter: Screening for diabetes. PMID- 46082 TI - Letter: Frequency of cystic-fibrosis gene. PMID- 46083 TI - Letter: Screening for cystic fibrosis. PMID- 46084 TI - Letter: Adjuvant treatment of severe falciparum malaria, intravascular coagulation, and heparin. PMID- 46085 TI - Letter: Corynebacterium parvum and anaesthetics. PMID- 46086 TI - Letter: Oxprenolol and levodopa in parkinsonian patients. PMID- 46087 TI - Letter: Plasma-diazepam levels. PMID- 46088 TI - Letter: Reserpine and chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 46089 TI - Letter: Paraquat. PMID- 46090 TI - Letter: Smoking and coronary heart-disease. PMID- 46091 TI - Letter: What is paracetamol? PMID- 46092 TI - Letter: Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and sympatho-adrenal activity. PMID- 46093 TI - Letter: Tryptophan plus a pyrrolase inhibitor for depression? PMID- 46094 TI - Letter: Rosette tests following thymectomy. PMID- 46095 TI - Letter: Halophilic non-cholera Vibrio infections. PMID- 46096 TI - Letter: Soluble ophthalmic drug inserts. PMID- 46097 TI - Letter: Intravenous prostaglandins and oxytocin for mid-trimester abortion. PMID- 46098 TI - Letter: Autonomic control of immunity. PMID- 46099 TI - Norman Brandon Capon. PMID- 46100 TI - John Hans Sigismund Heller. PMID- 46101 TI - Albert Clifford Morson. PMID- 46102 TI - John Sharp Grant. PMID- 46103 TI - Arthur Wilfrid Adams. PMID- 46104 TI - Kunaradase Rajasuriya. PMID- 46105 TI - Histochemistry and anthropometric analysis of heloma durum. PMID- 46106 TI - Increased axoplasmic flow associated with pargyline under conditions which induce a myopathy. PMID- 46107 TI - Histamine release by gastric stimulants. PMID- 46108 TI - Human immunoglobulins with a1 allotypic determinants of rabbit immunoglobulin heavy chains. PMID- 46109 TI - Failure to confirm separation of X- and Y-bearing human sperm using BSA gradients. PMID- 46110 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: dissociation of neurological symptoms from lipid alterations in brain. PMID- 46111 TI - Differentiation of opiate agonist and antagonist receptor binding by protein modifying reagents. PMID- 46112 TI - A simple cytochemical technique for demonstration of DNA in cells infected with mycoplasmas and viruses. PMID- 46113 TI - A new program for investigating adult human skeletal muscle grown aneurally in tissue culture. AB - With our new "explant-reexplanting" technique, abundant growth of mature human muscle in long-term tissue culture was achieved,and with the "sandwich" technique several histochemical reactions were obtained on serial cross sections of the cultured fibers. An advanced degree of maturation but lack of differentiation into reciprocally staining fiber-types was demonstrated. For electron-microscopic and electronmicroscopic-histochemical study, a method was developed in which the embedded fibers of greatest potential interest were identified by light microscopy and punched out by our specially-designed hollow drill. This selection procedure is critically important when the goal is to study in cultured diseased human muscle: (1) successive stages of development and (2) certain structural changes that often occur only in some fibers and only in certain regions of those fibers. The electronmicroscopic-histochemical appearance of developing cultured muscle fibers correlated well with the fresh-frozen light microscopic histochemical cross-sections and longitudinal whole preparations of similar fibers. PMID- 46114 TI - Emergency! Part 1: on-the-spot cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 46115 TI - Increased incidence of adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix. AB - A greater than expected incidence of adenocaricinoma of the uterine cervix is reported. Among 41 cases of cervical carcinoma, 14 (34%) were adenocarcinoma. Clinicopathologic data for these cases are summarized. Eleven of the 14 cases were pure adenocarcinomas; 3 were mixed adenosquamous carcinoma. The value of cytopathology is demonstrated in the 7 of 9 pretreatment cervical cytologies whereby adenocarcinoma was indicated (an accuracy rate of 78%). The other 2 revealed abnormal cells in which malignancy was a possibility. Three cases clinically were initially considered endometrial adenocarcinoma, but by our classification criteria, including Alcian blue staining for cervical mucin content of acid mucopolysaccharide, they were more specifically identified as primary endocervical in origin. PMID- 46116 TI - [Detection of mucopolysaccharidosis gene carriers by a modified method of toluidine blue staining of the blood smear]. PMID- 46118 TI - [Case of Whipple's disease complicated by amyloidosis]. PMID- 46117 TI - [The syndrome of mitral prolapse]. PMID- 46119 TI - Modification of the response of mouse skin to x-irradiation by bleomycin treatment. PMID- 46120 TI - Activity staining of cystathionine-beta-synthetase and related enzymes. PMID- 46121 TI - Artifactual staining in polyacrylamide gels in the determination of the oligomeric state of proteins by dimethyl suberimidate cross-linking. PMID- 46123 TI - Type C RNA tumor virus isolated from cultured human acute myelogenous leukemia cells. AB - Previously, type C RNA tumor virus-related components have been described in blood leukocytes from patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. These components, for example, reverse transcriptase, have been shown to be most closely related to those from two oncogenic subhuman primate type C viruses (woolly monkey sarcoma virus and gibbon ape leukemia virus). Now, we report the continuous production of budding type C viruses with the same characteristic reverse transcriptase by three separate culturings of leukocytes from a single bleeding from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia. These isolations were made possible by the discovery of a source of conditioned media which sustains exponential growth of human myelogenous leukemia cells in liquid suspension culture. PMID- 46122 TI - On the specificity of antibodies. PMID- 46124 TI - [Methods of presenting an audio-visual text]. PMID- 46125 TI - Polypeptides of mammalian oncornaviruses. II Characterization of murine leukemia virus polypeptide (p 15) bearing interspecies reactivity. PMID- 46127 TI - Cytological, cytochemical and immuno-fluorescence studies with Dugbe virus - a new Nigerian tick-borne virus. AB - Dugbe virus, a new tick-borne arbovirus from Nigeria, was propagated in continuous porcine kidney (PS) cells, and the cytopathology studied by various staining techniques such as May-Grunwald-Giemsa, methyl-green pyronine, Feulgen, and immuno-fluorescence. The gross cytopathology was slight and infected cells continued to undergo normal mitotic divisions. The outstanding cytopathologic feature was the presence of large basophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, which were pyroninophilic and Feulgen negative. By immunofluorescence these inclusions were shown to be depots of viral antigen; specific fluorescence was confined to the cytoplasm throughout the replication of the virus. PMID- 46126 TI - Polypeptides of mammalian oncornaviruses. III. Localization of p 15 and reactivity with natural antibody. PMID- 46128 TI - Morphologic observations of mycoplasmas and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in associated growth patterns. AB - Mycoplasma hominis and T-colony mycoplasmas were observed growing among or developing within gonococcal colonies on primary isolation plates streaked for detection of N. gonorrhoeae in urogenital specimens. The frequency of such association of mycoplasmas with gonococci was as high as 84% among patients screened for gonorrhea in several Social Hygiene Clinics of the City of New York, Department of Health, Bureau of Venereal Disease Control. The individual morphology of both mycoplasmal and gonococcal colonies was characteristic when viewed through the light microscope, and their associated growth was maintained throughout numerous serial transfers on agar culture media. Electron microscopy of such interrelated colonies revealed nipple-like projections on the gonococcal cell walls, to which the mycoplasmas appeared to be firmly attached. These morphologic observations are presented and discussed. PMID- 46129 TI - Comparative evaluation of the Limulus assay and the direct Gram stain for detection of significant bacteriuria. AB - A double-blind study comparing the Limulus in-vitro endotoxin assay with the direct Gram stain of uncentrifuged urine for detection of significant bacteriuria was performed. One-thousand seventy-seven urine specimens were examined by the two methods and the results compared with results of quantitative urine cultures. Two hundred three samples produced growth of greater than 10-5 organisms per ml. urine. The Limulus assay detected 86.2% of these specimens, and 98.8% of urines that contained greater than 10-5 Gram-negative bacilli per ml. The Gram stain procedure detected only 69.5% of urines containing greater than 10-5 organisms per ml. and 74.5% of specimens with greater than 10-5 Gram-negative bacteria per ml. urine. The Limulus assay demonstrated both greater sensitivity and greater specificity than the Gram stain procedure. Moreover, the Limulus test is much less susceptible to errors of interpretation than methods involving microscopy. PMID- 46130 TI - Core isoelectrofocusing. AB - An improved method of isoelectrofocusing is described. A plastic rod is centered in a tube and the lumen is filled with gel. After separation the rod is withdrawn and replaced by staining solution. Staining and destaining are quick and simple. The gel remains stabilized in the tube allowing no distortion or breakage and permitting accurate localization of separated bands. PMID- 46131 TI - Sensory-motor stimulation for slow-to-develop children. A specialized program for public health nurses. PMID- 46133 TI - Books of the year. PMID- 46132 TI - Sensory-motor stimulation for slow-to-develop children. A home-centered program for parents. PMID- 46134 TI - A microprecipitation test for rapid detection and identification of Venezuelan, eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis viruses. AB - The development of a new diagnostic procedure for the identification of Venezvelan, eastern and western equine encephalomyelitis (VEE, EEE, WEE) viruses is described. The procedure utilizes virus precipitation with reference fluorescein-conjugated gamma globulin, followed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Clinical specimens containing varying concentrations of virus yielded, in primary duck embryo cell culture, sufficient virus for detection within 22 to 44 hours. Identification of VEE, EEE and WEE virus in specimens was accomplished by microprecipitation within this time. In contrast to conventional identification methods, our procedure eliminates the cost of utilizing laboratory animals and considerably reduces the time required for virus identification. PMID- 46135 TI - Serologic classification of scrub typhus isolates from Pakistan. AB - Detailed serologic characterization of 79 isolates of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi from Pakistan was performed by using complement fixation and direct immunofluorescence techniques for comparison with three prototype strains. Seventy-one were of the Karp serotype and one was of a Gilliam serotype. Seven isolates were multiply-reactive: one with Karp and Gilliam, 3 with Karp and Kato, and 3 with Karp, Gilliam and Kato, No strain failed to react with at least 1 of the 3 prototype antisera. No correlation of antigenic types with local geographic factors, animal hosts, vecotr mites, or specific strain virulence was observed. These findings suggest the possibility that antigenic heterogeneity may be more restricted in areas peripheral to the geographic epicenter of scrub typhus endemicity, that the serotypes are relatively stable genetically and that new geographic variants are probably infrequent. The importance of these findings to the practical problems of immunoprophylaxis and serodiagnosis are discussed. PMID- 46136 TI - Glomerular involvement in human kala-azar. A light, immunofluorescent, and electron microscopic study based on kidney biopsies. AB - Glomerular involvement characterized by mesangial cell proliferation with fibrillar thickening of the axial region and deposits of immune complexes is reported in three human cases of kala-azar. IgG was seen in all 3 and Igm in 2 patients. Complement (C3) was detected in the glomeruli in all cases and fibrinogen in the only case in which it was tested for. The deposits appeared mainly along the mesangium and their staining was particularly strong for complement and IgG. Electron microscopy detected granular electron dense deposits mainly close to mesangial cells. In one case clumps made us of electron dense lamellae were seen in the glomerular basal membrane interpreted as evidence of focal membranolysis. No granulocytes were seen in the glomeruli. Attempts to demonstrate antigen were unsuccessful. The pattern of the lesion resembles that described in the kidney of human cases of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, and the distribution of the deposits suggests that relatively large, poorly soluble complexes formed either in the presence of excess antigen or, under certain circumstances, in the presence of excess antibody, are trapped in the glomerular capillaries. The aggregates are partially shunted to the mesangial cells, which enlarge and proliferate. PMID- 46137 TI - Regulation of bronchomotor tone during anesthesia. PMID- 46138 TI - Histamine release during antigen inhalation in experimental asthma in dogs. AB - Histamine release after antigen inhalation was studied in 12 dogs sensitive to nematode antigens. In 19 experiments, histamine was detected in arterial plasma after antigen inhalation; its concentration was correlated with changes in airflow resistance of the respiratory system (Rrs) (per cent change above control equals 132.3 plus 250 log histamine concentration). Histamine was released from the lung and was not attributable to the concomitant hypoxia. In 6 dogs given aerosols of dilute antigen and in 4 dogs given aerosols of compound 48/80, Rrs increased significantly, but no histamine was detected. Histamine may have been released close to airway receptors, inducing bronchoconstriction, but in amounts undetectable in arterial plasma. In 6 dogs, administration of 48/80 caused partial depletion of histamine stores but prevented the response to antigen inhalation in only one of 6 dogs tested. The close correlation between arterial histamine concentration and Rrs, the qualitatively similar response to antigen and 48/80 aerosols, and the inhibition of the response to antigen when histamine was depleted completely from the lung tissues suggests that chemical mediators are critically important in antigen-induced airway reactions. PMID- 46139 TI - Characterization of factor VIII antibodies. PMID- 46140 TI - Implications of immunologic methods for measuring antihemophilic factor (factor VIII). AB - Recent immunologic studies have provided important new information about the nature of AHF deficiency diseases and the structure and synthesis of this protein. They provide, moreover, a considerably improved ability to identify the carrier state in hemophilia A. Additional progress may be possible in the identification of carriers and of hemophilic patients at risk of antibody formation, but it will require a different approach to these problems. While preliminary goals have been obtained by using antibodies that identify antigenic determinants shared by normal and nonfunctional AHF, further progress will require the capacity to identify differences between the normal protein and the nonfunctional AHF-like molecules in hemophilic plasma. PMID- 46141 TI - Mucosal histochemistry in secretory otitis. AB - Mucosal biopsies were taken from 20 ears with secretory otitis media (glue ear) and histochemical stainings were made for comparison with data obtained from biochemical analysis of the fluids. Acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and malate dehydrogenase (MD), the activity of which in the ear fluids was 20 to 30 times higher than in serum, were found to appear as strong precipitates in the middle ear epithelium, particularly in the top layer. Alkaline phosphatase activity was only exceptionally seen in the epithelium but appeared in the capillaries and histiocytes. Nonspecific esterase appeared irregularly in the epithelium and regularly in histiocytes. The latter two had lower activities in ear fluids than in serum. Epithelial secretory cells and subepithelial glands and cysts showed strong alcian blue (AB)-positive staining. Positive material appeared also in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells and in the intercellular substance. Distinct PAS-positive staining appeared in the columnar epithelium and particularly in the free mucus on top of the epithelium but was less promounced in the glandular structures and absent from the cysts. PMID- 46142 TI - Search for C-type particles in human neoplasia. AB - The salient biologic and morphologic characteristics of RNA tumor (oncornavirus) virus are reviewed. The ultrastructure of replicating oncornaviruses is illustrated in detail. C-type particles wide spread in at least three orders of animals were sighted in human sarcomas and leukemias. One case, an infantile fibrosarcoma, is presented from our cases surveyed for the presence of C-type particles. Tissue cultures derived from this tumor contained viral particles and had an elevated reverse transcriptase activity associated with the presence of 70 S RNA. The particles were larger (125 to 150nm) than those of the murine or avian Type C particles. PMID- 46143 TI - Ancillary measures in treatment of myeloma. Use of immune serum globulin, fluoride, or androgen. AB - We reviewed the efficacy of three agents advocated as ancillary therapy in myeloma patients. Intramuscularly administered immune serum globulin (gamma globulin) was ineffective in preventing infection. Hemoglobin level was improved in some myeloma patients receiving androgens. However, the response rate and the degree of leukopenia or thrombocytopenia were not superior with androgen melphalan-prenisone combination therapy, as compared with those resulting from the two-drug combination without androgen. A controlled study evaluating androgen plus melphalan has not been done. The long-term administration of fluoride, supplemented by calcium and androgen, induced radiologically apparent bone fluorosis, but strengthening of lytic bone was not observed. Neither objective nor subjective benefit was demonstrated in a controlled study comparing the effects of fluoride (without calcium supplement) with those of the placebo. PMID- 46144 TI - Biological properties of myeloma proteins. AB - The paraproteins frequently cause major symptoms in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias. This may be due to their quantity in the circulation, to some unusual physicochemical property, or to a biological effect resulting in interaction with other serum proteins. Detection of antibody-combining activity in myeloma proteins has led to important new information on combining-site structure and the kinetics of antigen-antibody-combining activity. Some antibody-combining specificities seem to be present in a higher than expected frequency. As yet, no major therapeutic advances have followed this more precise characterization of the paraprotein, though some interesting possibilities have been explored in animal models. PMID- 46146 TI - Zinc reverse transcriptases from mammalian RNA type C viruses. PMID- 46145 TI - The human choroid plexus and autoimmune nephritis. AB - The choroid plexus resembles the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and may be a site of injury or source of antigen in Goodpasture syndrome. Immunohistologic studies were performed on the choroid plexus of a patient with auto-immune nephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage. The studies showed linear deposition of host IgG, IGM, and beta1c. Antibody eluted from the diseased kidney fixed in a linear pattern to normal choroid plexus and could be absorbed by either choroid plexus or GBM. Antibody to choroid plexus fixed to GBM and the linear staining was no longer observed after absorption with GBM or choroid plexus. Antibody to GBM fixed to normal choroid plexus and was obsorbed by both choroid plexus and glomerular basement membrane. The studies suggest an immunologic relationship between choroid plexus and GBM and a role for the choroid plexus in autoimmune nephritis. PMID- 46147 TI - Enzymatic S-methylation of 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil and other antithyroid drugs. PMID- 46148 TI - A possible role for cyclic AMP in the regulation of histamine secretion and the action of cromoglycate. PMID- 46149 TI - The antibody-enzyme analogy. Characterization of antibodies to phosphopyridoxyltyrosine derivatives. AB - Stable analogs of the crucial Schiff base intermediate of enzymatic and nonenzymatic pyridoxal phosphate catalysis have been used as haptens for induction of specific antibodies. N-(5-phosphopyridoxyl)-3'-amino-L-tyrosine and its conformationally distinct cyclized derivative resemble the Schiff base formed upon mixing tyrosine with pyridoxal phosphate. These compounds were covalently coupled to a protein carrier via the 3'-amino group so as to confer a prescribed orientation, with the coenzyme region farthest removed from the carrier. A third antigen, with the phosphopyridoxyl group alone as the hapten, was prepared by linkage of pyridoxal phosphate directly to free amino groups on the carrier protein. Antibodies elicited for each determinant were purified by means of appropriate affinity columns. Antibody heterogeneity was observed in that different species could be separated from a given serum by sequential elution from the affinity columns with 1 M sodium phosphate buffers of pH 7.6, 5.2, 2.6 and 1.5. In assays of quantitative precipitation, inhibition of precipitation, equilibrium dialysis, and fluorescence quenching, antibodies to the phosphopyridoxyltyrosine haptens showed specificity for the phosphorylated form of the coenzyme and binding activity for both the coenzyme and tyrosine portions of the hapten. Antibodies to the phosphopyridoxyl groups alone did not display a similar reactivity toward the tyrosine portion of the complex haptens. The cyclic and noncyclic conformations of the hapten were serologically distinct, as antibody to each reacted preferentially with the homologous form. PMID- 46150 TI - Serum-stimulated lipases (lipoprotein lipases). Immunological crossreaction between the bovine and the human enzymes. AB - A rabbit antiserum prepared against the serum-stimulated lipase (lipoprotein lipase) from bovine milk crossreacted with serum-stimulated lipases from human milk and from human postheparin plasma, but not with bile salt-stimulated lipase from human milk or with salt-resistant lipase from human postheparin plasma. Thus, the serum-stimulated lipase in bovine milk has immunological determinants in common with the serum-stimulated lipases in human milk and in human postheparin plasma. The time-courses for the appearance of serum-stimulated lipase and salt-resistant lipase activities in human plasma after heparin injection were different. The two activities were separated by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. After treatment of postheparin plasma with the antiserum only the salt-resistant lipase activity could be eluted from the column. Thus, these two enzyme activities in postheparin plasma reside in two different enzyme molecules. PMID- 46151 TI - [Letter: Effect of denervation on the anomalous behavior of acridine orange stained actin in solution]. AB - Effect of superviscous state of AO stained actin in concentrated salts (KCI) significantly decreases two weeks after denervation. These changes of anomalous behaviour of stained action are partially reversible at the long time diasrophy. This phenomenon is suggested to be connected with the structural changes of "denervated" actin, which are reflected in the changes of protein electrostatic region. PMID- 46152 TI - An approach to the analysis of activities: the game of chess. PMID- 46153 TI - Letter: Large Y chromosome found in polymorphs by a C-staining technique. PMID- 46154 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a heterogenous disease. AB - By using several techniques to detect surface markers on T and B lymphocytes, 11 cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (A.L.L.) were studied. In four cases an insignificant number of markers were detected on the lymphoblast populations. In one case a significant number of blasts formed both sheep red blood cell rosettes and Fc rosettes, suggesting a T-cell origin for the neoplastic cells, and in another case the presence of Fc and C3 receptors on the lymphoblast population indicated a B-cell origin. In a further five cases 14-43% of the blasts had detectable surface immunoglobulin. It is concluded that A.L.L. is a heterogeneous disorder, some cases failing to express surface markers and others having either a T-or a B-lymphocyte origin or both. PMID- 46155 TI - Studies on brain-thymus cross-reactive antigens. AB - An antigen(s) shared by mouse brain and thymocytes was studied with the use of a rabbit anti-mouse brain antiserum (RAMB). Full complements of brain-thymus antigen were found on the brains of several mouse strains, including athymic mice, regardless of their theta antigen genotype. Brain-thymus antigen(s) was absent in newborn mouse brains and gradually reached adult levels two weeks after birth. Treatment of mouse brain with trypsin neither decreased nor increased the amount of the brain-thymus antigen available for absorption of RAMB. Mouse brain thymus antigens were present on rat thymocytes, but not rat brain. The concentrations of brain-thymus antigens were 3- to 4-fold higher in gray matter than white matter. Cross-absorption studies with RAMB and anti-theta antiserum suggest that theta antigen and brain-thymus antigen are two distinct substances, both antigenically and in their anatomical localization on brain cells. PMID- 46156 TI - Biological importance of retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor in adrenergic neurons. AB - Previous studies have shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) produces a selective induction of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in peripheral adrenergic neurons and that NGF is transported retrogradely with a high selectivity from the adrenergic nerve terminals to the perikaryon. In order to investigate the biological importance of retrograde NGF transport, the following experiments have been performed; (a) effect of NGF on TH activity in superior cervical ganglia (SCG) after unilateral injection into the anterior eye chamber and the submaxillary gland; and (b) effect of systemic injection of NGF on TH activity in SCG after blockage of retrograde axonal transport by axotomy. After unilateral injection of NGF into the anterior eye chamber and submaxillary gland of both 8-10-day-old rats and adult mice, the increase in TH activity in the SCG was considerably larger on the injected than on the non-injected side although the adrenergic neurons supplying the two organs do not account for more than 25% of the total number of adrenergic neurons in the SCG. A direct diffusion mechanism could be excluded by the fact that unilateral local injection of [125 I] produced no significant side difference in the accumulation of radioactivity in the SCG 2 after injection whereas after 14 h there was a several-fold difference between the injected and non-injected side. Moreover, the nodose ganglia which are located very close to the SCG exhibited no statistically significant difference in the accumulation of radioactivity at any time. Forty-eight hours after subcutaneous injections of 10 mg/kg of NGF the increase in TH activity of the SCG amounted to 154% on the intact side and to 92% on the axotomized side. However, these experiments do not permit decisions about the extent the axotomy, as such, impaired the response to NGF. It is concluded that the biological effect of NGF results to a considerable extent, from the moiety which reaches the cell body by retrograde transport from the nerve terminals. PMID- 46157 TI - Thalamic afferents to areas 17, 18 and 19 of cat cortex traced with horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 46158 TI - Retrograde peroxidase tracing of neurons combined with transmitter histochemistry. PMID- 46159 TI - Retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase in sensory nerves and ganglion cells of the rat. PMID- 46160 TI - Increased rate of rapid axonal transport in vitamin E deficient rats. PMID- 46161 TI - Glial and neuronal contribution to proteins and glycoproteins recovered in myelin fractions. PMID- 46162 TI - Autoradiographic demonstration of afferent connections of the accessory olfactory bulb in the mouse. PMID- 46163 TI - Differential projections of the nucleus raphe dorsalis and nucleus raphe centralis as revealed by autoradiography. PMID- 46164 TI - Retrograde intraaxonal transport of horseradish peroxidase in retinal ganglion cells of the chick. PMID- 46166 TI - Delineation of the rat visual system by the axonal iontophoresis-cobalt sulfide precipitation technique. PMID- 46165 TI - Axonal transport in embryonic neurons. The possibility of a proximo-distal axolemmal transfer of glycoproteins. PMID- 46167 TI - Possible role of neuronal transport of low molecular compounds in the CNS of teleosts. PMID- 46168 TI - The orthograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in the visual system. PMID- 46169 TI - The retinal projection to the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat. PMID- 46170 TI - (3H)adenosine, a tracer for neuronal connectivity. PMID- 46171 TI - A comparison of anterograde and retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase in the connections of the mammillary nuclei in the rat. PMID- 46172 TI - Retrograde axonal transport of rapidly migrating proteins in peripheral nerves. PMID- 46173 TI - Retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor: specificity and biological importance. PMID- 46174 TI - Electron microscopic observations of horseradish peroxidase transported from the caudoputamen to the substantia nigra in the rat: possible involvement of the agranular reticulum. AB - The intracellular distribution of horeseradish peroxidase (HRP) transported intraaxonally from the caudoputaminal complex to the substantia nigra has been examined with the electron microscope. The reciprocal axonal connections between the caudoputamen and the substantia nigra permitted observation not only of HRP transported retrogradely from axons and axon terminals in the caudoputamen to the cell bodies of origin in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra, but also provided information suggesting that HRP may be transported anterogradely by neurons of the caudoputamen to their terminals, which are especially numerous in the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Special attention was focused on observations which might elucidate the manner in which exogenous proteins are compartmentalized and transported intracellularly. It is suggested that the agranular reitculum is involved in the retrograde transport of proteins which are pinocytosed near the axon terminal and ultimately reach lysosomes in the perikaryon. A possible anterograde movement of HRP may also involve the agranular reticulum. The implications such findings have on the use of HRP in neuroanatomical tracing techniques are also discussed. PMID- 46175 TI - Corticothalamic neurons and thalamocortical terminal fields: an investigation in rat using horseradish peroxidase and autoradiography. AB - Subsequent to thalamic injections in rats of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) alone or HRP and [3H]leucine in combination, the cells of origin of the corticothalamic projections and the terminal fields of the thalamocortical projections were identified. HRP-labeled corticothalamic neurons were uniformly found in layers V and VI. They were medium to small in size and always pyramidal in shape with the larger neurons being found in layer V. On the other hand, 3 different patterns for the distribution of thalamocortical terminal fields were observed. The autoradiographic material indicated that in prefrontal cortex the bulk of thalamocortical fibers terminate in layer III while in motor cortex they terminate primarily in layer V. A third pattern was shared by temporal, occipital and parietal cortex where the bulk of thalamocortical fibers terminate preferentially in layer IV. The data derived from the rats which had received thalamic injections of HRP and [3H]leucine in combination indicated that the connections between cortex and thalamus are in general reciprocal. These results are discussed with regard to earlier studies using classical or more recently developed neuroanatomical methods. PMID- 46176 TI - Antibacterial activity of antisera against homologous and heterologous Escherichia coli of porcine origin. AB - Fourteen enteropathogenic and five nonenterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from pigs were used for producing antisera in rabbits and pigs. These antisera were used in an vitro test system for antibacterial activity against homologous and heterologous porcine E. coli strains. Antibacterial titres were determined against the homologous strains and the percent reduction in CFU/ml caused by a 1/200 dilution of the sera against heterologous strains was determined. The results indicated that following immunization the antibacterial activity of serum against homologous and heterologous strains was significantly increased. This activity did not appear to be influenced by O and K antigen relationships among the organisms or by enterotoxigenicity of the vaccine strains. When antiserum produced against a combination of three enteropathogenic E. coli was tested against 20 strains a wider spectrum of heterologous antibacterial activity was obtained than with antiserum produced against any individual strain. The results indicate the existence in E. coli strains of porcine origin of common antigenic determinants not related to the serological formula and that a selected combination of strains can be expected to induce antibacterial acitivity against a wide variety of serological types of porcine enteropathogenic E. coli. PMID- 46177 TI - Immunochemical studies on burro antibodies to Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - Burro antiserum to Histoplasma capsulatum was studied from the viewpoint of precipitating antibody distribution among euglobulins, pseudoglobulins, and immunoglobulin classes. By immunodiffusion analysis it was determined that throughout immunization most of the antibody was euglobular, but there was an increase in pseudoglobular antibody as immunization progressed. By immunoelectrophoretic and immunodiffusion analyses of specifically purified antibody, and antibody non-specifically fractionated by column chromatography and ultracentrifugation, it was established that there was no demonstrable IgM antibody, that most of the antibody appeared to be IgG, and that a gamma1 immunoglobulin, probably IgA or T-globulin, may have been responsible for some of the activity. No major changes in the distribution of antibody among immunoglobulin classes seemed to occur during immunization. PMID- 46178 TI - Immunophyletic relationships between actinomycetales and eubacteriales determined by examinations of their cytoplasmic antigens. AB - Cytoplasms obtained from a total of 205 different strains of Actinomycetales, Eubacteriales, Lower Fungi, and Protozoa were examined against selected anti cytoplasm antisera using the immunodiffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis procedures. Immunological relationships between the different genera have been revealed and, in respect to Eubacteriales, the possible immunophyletic determinants have been discerned. Cytoplasms of Enterobacter, Clostridium, Staphylococcus, and Diplococcus were found to retain the significant linkage determinants between large groups of Eubacteriales and Actinomycetales. Evolutionary implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 46179 TI - Basic characterization of a lipid-containing bacteriophage specific for plasmids of the P, N, and W compatibility groups. AB - Preliminary studies have shown that bacteriophages PR3 and PR4, originally isolated on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resemble the lipid-containing phage PM2 in appearance. Their host range extends intergenerically to species carrying drug resistance plasmids of the P and N compatibility groups. In this paper, the serological identity of the two isolates is established and it is concluded that they are the same virus, but with some differences in growth characteristics. They contain double-stranded DNA and are probably icosahedra (65 nm) with short (47 nm) noncontractile tails. Their sensitivity to chloroform and low buoyant density in CsCl(1.265 g/ml) indicate that they contain lipid which is probably located in the thickened inner layer of the capsid. A study is made of their adsorption efficiencies to sensitive and resistant bacteria, and it is found that, unlike most sex-specific phages, they adsorb directly to the cell surface and not to sex pili. Their host range is shown to include strains harboring a drug-resistance plasmid of the W compatibility group. PMID- 46180 TI - Autoradiographic and fluorescent staining studies of bone marrow chromosomes from a patient with acute granulocytic leukemia. AB - Results of cytogenetic studies of a patient with acute granulocytic leukemia are described. The modal number of chromosomes in cells from bone marrow samples was 43; the karyotype was characterized by missing chromosomes in groups B, C, and E. According to successive studies of the same metaphases by fluorescent staining and autoradiographic techniques, the labeling pattern of chromosomes in leukemic cells was generally similar to those observed in normal cultured leukocytes, whereas the fluorescent pattern of leukemic chromosomes was rather indistinct, and the bright fluorescent pattern of the Y chromosome was not apparent. PMID- 46181 TI - Endocrine tumor of the pancreas composed of argyrophil and B cells. A correlated light, immunofluorescent, and ultrastructural study. AB - A correlated morphological study, employing endocrine cell stains, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy, was performed on biopsy specimens taken from a pancreatic tumor and liver metastases in a woman with hypoglycemic symptoms and high fasting insulin levels. The study revealed the tumor to be composed of two different endocrine cell populations, irrespective of the primary or metastatic growth. The first cell type fulfilled all the morphological characteristics of the islet B cells. The second was argyrophil (with the Grimelius silver method) and showed the morphological pattern of polypeptide hormone-producing cells. With the lack of a detectable symptomatology, normal blood levels of the hormones other than insulin, and the negative results of a large number of immunofluorescence tests, we were unable to indetify the specific nature of the second type of cells. PMID- 46182 TI - Urinary polyamine levels in human cancer. AB - Polyamine levels (putrescine, spermidine, spermine) were determined in 24-hour urine samples by a high voltage electrophoresis technique. Normal values were established in 42 normal volunteers. Thirty-eight of 56 patients with metastatic cancer had two or more levels elevated. Approximately two-thirds of patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma, metastatic squamous cell cancer or metastatic disease to the liver, lings, or bones had elevated levels. All 6 patients with localized malignant tumors had elevated urinary polyamine levels. Elevations were also seen in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy and bronchial adenoma. PMID- 46183 TI - A clinician's view of the cancer problem. The James Ewing Lecture. PMID- 46184 TI - The changing management of childhood Hodgkin's disease. AB - Between 1929 and September 1974, 211 children under 15 years of age with biopsy proven Hodgkin's disease were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. For analysis these patients were placed into three historical groups which displayed the most marked changes in diagnostic workup and therapy. They are as follows: Pre-1959-80 patients with "clinical" staging, local field radiation therapy, palliative chemotherapy; 1960-1969-86 patients with lymphangiographic staging, extended field radiation therapy, palliative chemotherapy; 1970 September 1974-45 patients with "contemporary" staging, including laparotomy, involved field radiation therapy, and/or multiple drug chemotherapy. Twenty-seven children with Stage IV disease at diagnosis or those with recurrent disease received this multiple drug regimen. This consisted of Adriamycin, followed by combined prednisone, procarbazine, and vincristine, then cyclophosphamide. Drug cycles were repeated every 3-4 months for a period of about 24 months. Twenty five achieved remission, 20 complete and 5 partial. The median duration of complete remission was 18 plus months. This multidisciplinary management of Hodgkin's disease has shown early, encouraging results. Longer followup is needed to determine that this improvement in survival will persist into adulthood. PMID- 46185 TI - Antigen recognition in delayed-type hypersensitivity. PMID- 46186 TI - Short communications. The effect of trypsin on cell surface antigens. PMID- 46187 TI - A gene locus affecting tolerance to BGG in mice. PMID- 46188 TI - [Principles of palliative treatment of inoperable cancer of gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 46189 TI - When to think of celiac disease: the classical features of gluten sensitive enteropathy are absent. PMID- 46190 TI - The whooping cough syndrome: A continuing pediatric problem. PMID- 46191 TI - Isolation and identification of type 2 alveolar epithelial cells. PMID- 46192 TI - Pulmonary mycotoxicosis. AB - Mycotoxicosis is a term used to define a toxic reaction due to the ingestion of toxins produced by fungi. Oral ingestion, however, may not be the sole means of exposure. We have recently observed ten patients who had inhaled massive amounts of fungi, which resulted in an apparent toxic pulmonary reaction. Immunologic studies showed no sensitivity to various fungal antigen preparations and histologic study of the lung showed a multi-focal acute process, with primary involvement of the terminal bronchioles containing large numbers of various spores. Cultures from lung biopsy material revealed at least five fungal organisms. A one to ten year followup indicates that avoidance of massive reexposure to fungal dust is the key to the prevention of recurrent pulmonary mycotoxicosis. PMID- 46193 TI - Postextrasystolic changes in the carotid pulse tracing of mild idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. PMID- 46194 TI - Concealed extrasystolic ventricular bigeminy with interpolation. AB - The first reported case of concealed extrasystolic ventricular bigeminy with interpolation is described. This arrhythmia is characterized by the presence of both interpolated ventricular extrasystolic beats and a presumed persistent and continuous bigeminal ectopic rhythm with exit block. The distributional pattern of sinus conducted beats in the present case conforms to a formula defining this unusual disorder of rhythm, while the appearance of manifest ectopic beats follows the rule of bigeminy. PMID- 46195 TI - Complement in clinical medicine. PMID- 46196 TI - [Antibody deficiency states in children]. AB - In more than 2500 immunoelectrophoreses and quantitative immunoglobulin determinations 19 cases of transitory hypogammaglobulinaemia, two cases of sex linked congenital agammaglobulinaemia, six cases of selective IgA deficiency and nine cases of dysgammaglobulinaemia were diagnosed. In congenital agammaglobulinaemia life-long substitution with gammaglobulin must be instituted. Transitory hypogammaglobulinaemia which occurs mostly at the beginning of the second trimenon usually regresses spontaneously at the age of 15 to 18 months. The increased susceptibility to infections can be overcome by gammaglobulin administration. Dysgammaglobulinaemias with serum concentrations below 400 mg/dl also require gammaglobulin supplements. In IgA deficiency the greatest possible care as regards substitution is indicated because of the danger of severe anaphylactic reactions. PMID- 46197 TI - [Immunosuppressive treatment of polymyositis]. AB - Azathioprine (150 mg daily) was given to 14 patients with polymyositis. Most of the patients also received prednisolone (initial dose 80-40 mg daily, maintenance dose 15-5 mg daily). Some patients additionally received 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate and (or) cactinomycin. Symptoms practically disappeared in three patients, while in four there was marked improvement, in four others moderate improvement occurred. Four patients who were improved had previously received long-term treatment with high doses of corticoids but without response. There were three deaths; treatment had definitely failed in one, in the other two the duration of treatment had been too short. Results were best in patients under 40 years of age in whom the disease had followed an acute or subacute course: in two of seven in this group corticoid treatment had previously failed. This fact, as well as the observation of exacerbations when immuno-suppressives were reduced, indicate the value of this form of treatment. PMID- 46198 TI - Purification, characterization and radioimmunoassay of thyrocalcitonin from rat thyroid glands. AB - A highly purified preparation of rat thyrocalcitonin (TCT) has been obtained from lyophilized thyroid glands by gel chromatography following acid-acetone extraction. Biological activity of Sephadex G-50 eluates appeared in two peaks. The TCT in the major peak was concentrated, and applied to a Bio-Gel P-6 column, and a major protein peak was eluted which coincided with TCT activity. Potency, estimated by bioassay in rats, increase approximately 3500-fold from 0.075 MRC U/mg lyophilized glands to 250-400 MRC U/mg in the final product. The overall yield of TCT activity was about 36%. The purified product was characterized by chemical procedures and evaluated for its antigenic properties and use for radioimmunoassay. The purified rat TCT was used both labeled with 125I and as unlabeled standard. The following results were obtained: 1) Guinea pig antisera to either human or rat TCT were capable of binding 125I-rat TCT or 125I-human TCT; 2) Using either 125I-human or 125I-rat TCT and antisera to either TCT, pg amounts of rat and human TCT reacted in the assay while ng to mug amounts of salmon calcitonin or porcine TCT failed to react; 3) Using 125I-rat TCT and antisera to human or rat TCT, synthetic C-terminal (10-32 or 22-32) fragments of human TCT reacted well, while N-terminal (1-18) or desamide (1-32) derivatives reacted poorly or not at all; 4) Rat TCT was easily detected in normal thyroid venous plasma (5-10 ng/ml) and thyroid gland extracts (similar to 1 mug/gland) but not in peripheral blood; 5) Bioassay and radioimmunoassay of rat thyroid extracts (N equals 18) showed good agreement (r equals 0.86, p less than 0.001). The results support the idea that rat TCT is closely related to human TCT, indicate that major antigenic determinants reside in the C-terminal portion of the molecule, and show that antisera to either human or rat TCT can be used to measure rat TCT. PMID- 46199 TI - Thermal denaturation of DNA in situ as studied by acridine orange staining and automated cytofluorometry. PMID- 46200 TI - Monocyte separation from whole blood. A method for experimental animals. PMID- 46201 TI - Differential chromosomal fluorescence with 33258 Hoechst. PMID- 46202 TI - The effect of postmortem trauma on neuronal cell types strained histochemically for phospholipids. PMID- 46203 TI - Detection of zinc in Champy-Maillet's histological stain by electron probe analysis. PMID- 46204 TI - Chromosomes of three species of Asian tree squirrels, Callosciurus (Rodentia: Sciuridae). PMID- 46205 TI - Localizing properties of anti-nervous tissue antibodies in rat cervical ganglion. PMID- 46206 TI - Ovarian cyst fluid specific antigens. PMID- 46207 TI - Differential staining of the satellite regions of human acrocentric chromosomes. PMID- 46208 TI - Tests of thyroid function. PMID- 46209 TI - [Benz(a)pyrene in diesel engine exhaust gases]. PMID- 46210 TI - [Changes in the antigenic structures of tissue proteins under the effects of organomercury compounds]. PMID- 46211 TI - Storefront converted to health education center. PMID- 46212 TI - The effect of a thyrostatic drug on mitotic activity of human lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 46213 TI - Staining banded human chromosomes with Romanovsky dyes: some practical consequences of the nature of the stain. AB - Chromatographic analyses of commercial samples of Romanovsky stains were followed by various chemical and staining studies. Strong banding of chromosomes was found to be favoured by the presence in the stain of high concentrations of methylene violet Bernthsen and its immediate homologues. Chromatographic analysis showed that these dyes are present in dry Leishman and Giemsa powders only in small proportion. However, additional active dye may be generated during the process of making up staining solutions from the dry powders, if the methanol used is not contaminated with formic acid and if the period of heating is not too brief. PMID- 46214 TI - Bovine veneral vibriosis: antigenic variation of the bacterium during infection. AB - Host parasite relationships in the female genital tract were studied in bovine venereal vibriosis by investigating agglutinin production and alterations in superficial antigens of the bacterium during the course of infection in two heifers. Cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) steamed cell agglutinins were shown to appear earlier and remain at consistently higher levels than whole-cell agglutinins. Whole-cell agglutinin titers fluctuated much more than steamed cell titers, suggesting possible changes in whole-cell antigens. Marked antigenic variation was demonstrated in successive monthly CVM isolates from the two heifers by agglutination tests with rabbit antisera of various specificities. Some changes in CVM antibody specificity during the infection were noted also. Antigenic variation in the bacterium was proposed as a mechanism for maintenance of the asymptomatic cervicovaginal carrier state in the presence of antibody. PMID- 46215 TI - Interaction of complex polysaccharides with the complement system: effect of calcium depletion on terminal component consumption. AB - Complex polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides can activate the terminal components of complement by either the classical (antibody, C1, C4, and C2) or alternative complement pathways, but the relative importance of either pathway for terminal component consumption in normal serum is poorly understood. Since classical complement pathway function requires both calcium and magnesium ions, whereas the alternative pathway requires only magnesium ions, selective chelation of calcium ions in serum can be used to block the classical complement pathway while leaving the alternative pathway intact. In these studies, ethyleneglycol bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)N, N-tetraacetic acid, a potent chelator or calcium, was used to block the classical complement pathway in normal guinea pig serum. Consumption of the terminal complement components by endotoxin, inulin, and zymosan in such serum was strikingly depressed when compared to serum containing an intact classical complement pathway. These studies demonstrate that in normal serum, both the classical and alternative complement pathways participate in the consumption of the terminal complement components by complex polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharides. PMID- 46217 TI - [Experimental trichinosis-II. Quantitative and qualitative variations of serum in CBA mouse and Wistar rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 46216 TI - Antiglobulin factors in normal mouse serum reacting with enzyme-digested gamma globulin. AB - The presence of antiglobulin factors in normal mouse serum was studied. Mice were injected with human 0 Rh(+) erythrocytes and the resulting gamma globulins were digested with papain. The reaction was demonstrated by agglutinations of human 0 Rh (+) perythryocytes sensitized with the Fab fragments when treated with normal mouse serum. Studies suggested that there are two factors in mice, a 7S AND A 19S globulin form. Cross-reactivity between strains of mice was demonstrated. PMID- 46218 TI - Slow axonal protein transport and visual function following retinal and optic nerve ischemia. AB - Retinal ganglion cell protein synthesis and slow axonal protein flow have been measured in eight optic nerves from four macacus rhesus monkeys after producing ganglion cell ischemia. Comparison of the slow axonal protein flowing into the two optic nerves of the same control animal reveals a variability of up to 27 per cent. Following central retinal artery ligation, infarction of the retinal ganglion cells was reflected by a 97 per cent reduction in the radioactively labeled protein within the optic nerve. This profound reduction in labeled protein within the nerve confirmed that only ganglion cell dependent intra-axonal protein flow was being measured. Ischemia to the ganglion cell axons, with preservation of blood flow to the cell soma, was obtained in two optic nerves from different animals by severing all the posterior ciliary vessels entering about the optic nerve. Six weeks later, only a modest histologic loss of axons was present in these optic nerves. However, a profound reduction (up to 97 per cent) in labeled optic nerve protein was found at four days following intravitreal leucine injection. This is the time when the optic nerve slow axonal protein flow is dominated by the foveomacular ganglion cells. The reduction in slow axonal protein flow corresponds histologically to a preferential retrograde degeneration of the foveomacular ganglion cells, suggesting increased sensitivity of the smaller foveal axons to the induced ischemia. Electrophysiologic measurements support this conduction. PMID- 46219 TI - Toxicity of Roentgen Contrast Media at Selective injection into the coronary artery in the rabbit. PMID- 46220 TI - Letter: Chemical structure and purity of dyes used in lymphangiograms. PMID- 46221 TI - Medical treatment of prostatic obstruction. An objective assessment. AB - Thirteen men suffering from prostatic obstruction were treated with an 8-week course of intramuscular injections of prostatic extract. Nine of these men had preliminary and subsequent evaluations of detrusor function and outflow obstruction by means of pressure/flow studies. Improvement in symptoms and measurements were only minimal and occurred in less than one-half of the cases. The greatest increase in flow rate recorded prostatectomy and no significant changes resulting from the injections could be seen on the histologic sections of their glands. These results did not confirm previous reports recommending this form of treatment for prostatic obstruction. PMID- 46222 TI - Proceedings: Problems in oesophageal surgery. PMID- 46223 TI - The surgical correction of Fallot's tetralogy. AB - The success of total repair of tetralogy of Fallot depends on a clear understanding of the morbid anatomy and deranged hemodynamics of this anomaly, which consists essentially of two abnormalities, namely, a large unrestrictive ventricular septal defect and a severe obstruction to the outflow of the right ventricle. The ventricular septal defect acts as a safety valve and, therefore, cannot be closed unless the obstruction to the outflow of the right ventricle is adequately relieved. In severe cases, this often necessitates reconstruction of the outflow. With an adequate bypass technique and a clear understanding of the principles described in this article, complete correction of tetralogy of Fallot can be accomplished with a low mortality. In a series of 100 consecutive patients presented, the mortality was only 3%. PMID- 46224 TI - Long-term results with the Bjork-Shiley tilting disk valve in aortic valvular disease. AB - The construction of the Bjork-Shiley prosthesis, with its nonoverlapping tilting disk, provides an optimal orifice area in relation to tissue diameter. The transprosthetic forward flow is central and mainly laminar. The resistance to blood flow remains low with increasing cardiac output during exercise, even when the smaller sizes of the prosthesis are used for implantation in narrow aortic roots. Mechanical crushing of erythrocytes is minimized by the nonoverlapping closing mechanism, and the resulting regurgitation is negligible. The in vivo durability of the prosthesis is excellent and thromboembolism does not occur as long as dicoumarol treatment is effective. In aortic valvular disease, an effective unloading of the left ventricle was obtained at rest and during exercise after aortic valve replacement. The resulting hemodynamic improvement correlated with a reduction in cardiomegaly, increase in physical working capacity and relief of distressing symptoms. Clinical improvement was maintained for up to five years. PMID- 46225 TI - Transposition with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis: the Rastelli operation. AB - A total of 52 Rastelli operations have been performed at the Mayo Clinic for transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis. Of the 43 patients over four years of age, two died (5%). A much higher mortality among younger children, in our earlier experience, led to a policy of early palliation, if required, by a Blalock-Taussig shunt, with later correction. The technique which evolved is described. The results of the operation thus far suggest that its success is comparable to that for the repair of the tetralogy. PMID- 46226 TI - Ultrastructure of lipopolysaccharide isolated from Thermoplasma acidophilum. AB - The fine structure of lipopolysaccharide isolated from Thermoplasma acidophilum was examined by electron microscopy. Negative staining of the lipopolysaccharide revealed long, ribbon-like structures with some branching. The average width of the lipopolysaccharide ribbons was 5 nm. Treatment of the lipopolysaccharide with 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate resulted in the dissociation of the ribbon-like structures to spherical- and vesicular-shaped particles and some short, rodlike structures. Results suggest that the lipopolysaccharide from T. acidophilum is morphologically similar to lipopolysaccharide isolated from gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 46227 TI - Stoichiometry and calculated enthalpy change for mitochondrial oxidation of succinate by ferricyanide. PMID- 46228 TI - Energy coupling in the uptake of hexose phosphates by Escherichia coli. AB - Several methods were used to study the source of energy in the uptake of hexose phosphates by Escherichia coli K12. The uptake was sensitive to inhibition by agents that affect electron transport, such as lack of oxygen, cyanide, and heptylhydroxyquinoline-N-oxide, and by agents that affect ATP utilization, such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and arsenate. It was also sensitive to uncouplers in the presence of absence of oxygen. The strain of E. coli used extruded protons during respiration. Uncer anaerobic conditions, the uptake of approximately 1 eg to H+ per glucose 6-phosphate. These observations are consistent with a chemiosmotic mechanism of genergized glucose 6-phosphate uptake. The rate of glucose 6-phosphate uptake was maximal in KC1, but was also stimulated by MgC12 or CaC12. Inhibition by A217, a nigericin-like antibiotic, was prevented by K+ whereas valinomycin and gramicidin inhibited in the presence or absence of K+. PMID- 46229 TI - Serological analysis of human deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases. Preparation and properties of antiserum to deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase I from human lymphoid cells. AB - The preparation and properties of an antiserum to human DNA polymerase I (6 to 8 S) are described. Care was taken in the purification of the antigen to remove certain other DNA polymerases found in human cells. An incubation of antigen and antiserum lasting about 48 hours is necessary to achieve maximal inhibition. About 1 mug of the antipolymerase immunoglobulin G, prepared in rats, neutralizes 60% of the activity present in 54 ng of the enzyme. Tritrations varying both antiserum and enzyme demonstrate clear regions of antigen and antibody excess. Inhibition of enzyme activity is about the same whether the templateprimer is (dA)n-(dT)12-18, or partially digested DNA. An assay was developed which measures the remaining activity in the supernatant after precipitation of enzyme-antibody complexes with goat anti-rat immunoglobulin G. In this assay, 2.2 mug of the antipolymerase immunoglobulin G quantitatively bind 33 ng of DNA polymerase I. With use of the direct neutralization assay and the immuno-precipitation test, we found little, if any, antigenic relationship between DNA polymerase I and DNA polymerase II (3.4 S). Similarly, little, if any, relationship was found to the DNA polymerases from five RNA tumor viruses. The activities of RNA-directed DNA polymerases from the blood leukocytes of two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and from the placentas of rhesus monkeys were not inhibited in neutralization assays which were shortened because these enzymes were thermolabile. In identically shortened neutralization assays, the antipolymerase immunoglobulin G neutralized up to 76% of the activity of DNA polymerase I. In addition to its utility in distinguishing cellular DNA polymerases, the rat antiserum should be useful reagent for testing of novel DNA polymerases isolated in small quantities from human tumors for contamination with DNA polymerase I. This enzyme is present in abundance in proliferating tissue and often confuses the biochemical characterization of these novel enzymes. PMID- 46230 TI - Allergic encephalomyelitis. Isolation of an encephalitogenic peptide active in the monkey. AB - A 17-residue peptide (Peptide Y) was isolated from the COOH-terminal end of the basic protein of bovine myelin by peptic digestion. This peptide induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the rhesus monkey. Treatment of Peptide Y with cyanogen bromide released three amino acids from the COOH-terminal end and resulted in a tetradecapeptide (Peptide M) which was also encephalitogenic in the rhesus monkey. The sequence of Peptide M is: Phe-Lys-LEU Gly-Gly-Arg-Asp-Ser-Arg-Ser-Gly-Ser-Pro-Met. Thus a major disease-inducing site active in the rhesus monkey is contained within a 14-residue peptide localized near the COOH-terminal end of the protein. This peptide differs markedly in location and sequence from the 9-residue peptide shown to contain the encephalitogenic determinant for the guinea pig. PMID- 46231 TI - The reaction of mitochondria in the coleoptiles of rice (Oryza sativa L.) with diaminobenzidine. AB - Diaminobenzidine, DAB, was applied to segments of aerobically and anaerobically grown coleoptiles of rice, Oryza sativa L., with the object of studying the location of cytochrome oxidase at the electron-microscope level. A specific staining of mitochondrial cristae and inner membrane was obtained, with no reaction in other organelles; with extended periods of incubation, the reaction product filled the mitochondria completely. In anaerobically grown coleoptiles, the reaction was much slower and the difference was particularly marked in vascular bundle companion cells and parenchyma, which gave the strongest reaction in aerobic tissue, but in the anaerobic stained even less than the cortical parenchyma. The reaction was inhibited by boiling and slowed very much by lowering of the incubation temperature from 27 to 4 degrees C. This indicated the involvement of an enzymic reaction and cyanide inhibition indicated that a haem enzyme was involved. The catalase inhibitor aminotriazole did not inhibit DAB oxidation. Nevertheless the specificity of the reaction for cytochrome oxidase must be questioned, because preheating of the tissue to 60 degrees C before incubation, which would be expected to destroy cytochrome oxidase activity, failed to decrease the oxidation, at least in aerobically grown coleoptiles. It is concluded that DAB is oxidized in the rice coleoptile tissue by a cytochrome system, and the development of this system is inhibited by anaerobiosis, but the oxidation cannot be claimed to represent cytochrome oxidase activity exclusively. Perhaps other autoxidizable, more heat-stable cytochromes participate in the reaction. PMID- 46232 TI - Reconstruction of axonal trajectory of individual neurons in the spinal cord using Golgi-stained serial sections. AB - A procedure bringing the axonal and dendritic cut ends found in the confronting planes of the serial sections face to face by means of serial photomicrographs provides a means for precisely reconstructing individual Golgiimpregnated neurons. Utilizing this method, it was possible to follow at the caudal level of a kitten's spinal cord the total course of the axons and dendrites of sixteen intramedullary neurons. The neurons located in the dorsal horn (laminae IV and V) send their long ascending axon into the lateral funiculus of the ipsi- or contralateral side, and, in one case, into the anterior funiculus of the ipsilateral side, giving off on the way several collaterals to the dorsal half of lamina VII of the ipsi- or contralateral side. Some of the neurons found in the intermediate region and the ventral horn (laminae VII, VIII and X) distribute their axonal branches in the intermediate region or the ventral horn of the ipsi- or contralateral side or both sides, running throughout their course in the grey matter, while the others act in the same manner by way of the lateral or anterior funiculi. Axonal and collateral endings terminate with small terminal knobs. The total axonal length of the neurons observed, with the exception of some with a long ascending trajectory, varies from 1,680 mum to 6,480 mum. PMID- 46233 TI - The distribution of the alpha type of ganglion cells in the cat's retina. AB - There is a distinct class of large ganglion cell bodies observable in whole-mount preparations of the cat's retina stained with cresyl violet. Measurements of perikaryal size and its variation with eccentricity from the central area support the identification of the large cells with the class of alpha cells previously defined in Golgi-stained preparations. A complete enumeration of alpha cells in one retina yielded a total of 6212. They were encountered in all parts of the retina and had a peak density within the central area ( 200/mm2). The retinal distribution was displayed as a contour map of alpha-cell density. Away from the central area, the lines of iso-density had the form of a 4-pointed star with rather blunt points corresponding to horizontal and vertical ridges of augmented density. Along horizontal, vertical and oblique strips through the central area, alpha-cell density was an approximately constant fraction of total ganglion cell density. The average value of the fraction was 3.3% from which it has been calculated that the cat's retina may contain as many as 190,000 ganglion cells. PMID- 46234 TI - On the "selectivity" of the Golgi-Cox method. AB - The randomness of the impregnation of layer IV cortical neurons by the Golgi-Cox method (Van der Loos, '56) has been assessed directly in Barrel C-1 of the mouse SmI. All Golgi-Cox impregnated neurons and unimpregnated neurons which were revealed with a Nissl counterstain were counted and measured in ten cerebral hemispheres cut tangential to the pia overlying the barrel field. The percentage of Golgi stained neurons varied considerably in different preparations from 0.73% to 2.26% with an average of 1.29%. The size distributions of both the Golgi impregnated and Nissl stained cells are similar but the difference of the means is statistically significant. However, if the means are equated there is no statistical difference in the two populations. When the Golgi precipitate is removed and the cells re-measured following Nissl staining there is a systematic reduction of the perikaryal cross-sectional area which is compatible with the differences in the means observed for the two populations as a whole. Finally, the frequency with which Golgi impregnated neurons are found in the barrel sides and hollows parallels the frequency with which Nissl stained neurons are observed in these two locations. We conclude that this variant of the Golgi method impregnates barrel neurons randomly. The value of this information for quantitative studies of cerebral cortex is discussed as is the potential of the system for elucidating some of the mechanisms responsible for Golgi impregnation. PMID- 46235 TI - Subtypes of hepatitis B antigen among patients and symptomless carriers. AB - A study of the distribution of subtypes ad and ay among sera from hepatitis B antigen-positive subjects in North West England and North Wales revealed a marked contrast between symptomless carriers among whom ad predominated and patients with acute hepatitis the majority of whom were ay. Those with hepatitis associated with drug addiction or other forms of "needle transmission" were almost all of subtype ay. On the other hand in cases of "sporadic" hepatitis without evidence of parenteral exposure subtypes ad and ay are about equally distributed. These findings are similar to those reported from other countries in Northern Europe and North America. Although geographical and social factors clearly affect the distribution of the two subtypes it is suggested that the virus of subtype ay may be more readily transmitted than subtype ad by parenteral routes involving small amounts of blood. PMID- 46236 TI - Catabolism physical, and immunologic properties of endocytosed isologous and heterologous iota-globulins by mouse macrophages. AB - The catabolism of completely endocytosed isologous and heterologous gamma globulins by mouse macrophages was studied in vitro. Mouse, human, and rabbit 125 I-IgG were coupled to mouse, human, or sheep erythrocytes either as antibodies or by covalent binding. They were exposed to macrophages for 1 hr and the non endocytosed erythrocytes were then removed with a Ficoll gradient centrifugation. Catabolism was evaluated after 2, 5, and 18 hr in culture by measuring the radioactivity released into the culture medium as well as the radioactivity that remained associated with cells. It was found that all iota-globulins were catabolized in a similar fashion, and that the type of carrier erythrocytes (isologous or heterologous) had no influence on catabolism. Some of the material that remained associated with macrophages was on the cell membrane and could be removed by trypsin. Some of the material that was released by macrophages was completely degraded but some was either not degraded or only partially degraded. Sucrose density gradient analysis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that this material had kept some physical properties of native iota globulins. It was also found with the antigen-binding inhibition test and incubation with erythrocytes that the released material contained molecules carrying Fab determinants and was able to bind specifically to erythrocytic antigens. Taken together, these observations show that iota-globulins phagocytosed in the form of antigen-antibody complexes are only incompletely degraded and that the material associated with plasma membrane of macrophages or found in the culture medium is a product of cell catabolism. PMID- 46237 TI - Carrier-determined tolerance in vitro. AB - A primary immune response to normal BDF1 spleen cells was obtained in vitro to the T-independent antigen TNP-T4 coliphage. This anti-TNP response was suppressed by exposing the spleen cells for 6 hr to TNP bound either to isologous or heterologous gamma-globulin. The suppression was hapten specific. In contrast, TNP-albumin conjugates did not induce tolerance in vitro. PMID- 46238 TI - Spontaneous and methylcholanthrene-enhanced thyroiditis in BUF rats. II. Induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis without completed Freund's adjuvant. AB - The immunization of Buffalo strain (BUF) rats with rat thyroid extract and Bordetella pertussis vaccine without complete Freund's adjuvant resulted in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) in 90% of the rats by the 10th day after immunization. The treatment did not elicit thyroiditis in Lewis strain (LEW) rats. This susceptibility to the induction of EAT without the use of complete Freund's adjuvant was inherited by F1 hybrids of BUF and LEW. Neither histamine sensitizing factor from B. pertussus nor Escherichia coli vaccine substitute for whole pertussis vaccine. PMID- 46239 TI - Antigenic relationship between the fourth component of human and guinea pig complement. AB - Antigenic similarity between cell-bound human and guinea pig C4 was detected with antisera specific for each of these molecules. No cross-reaction could be detected between C4 of normal guinea pig or human sera or after treatment of the sera with antigen-antibody C1 complexes. The cross-reactivity between cell-bound human and guinea pig C4 may reflect conformational changes in the C4 molecule as a result of binding of the cell surface. PMID- 46240 TI - Dissociation of the immunologic release of histamine and slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis from human lung using cytochalasins A and B-1. AB - Cytochalasins A and B at low doses resulted in enhancement of the antigen-induced and anti-IgE-mediated release of histamine from human lung fragments in vitro. Both compounds appeared to effect a dose-dependent inhibition of the antigen induced release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. Although the effects observed with cytochalasin B were at least partially reversible, the effects of cytochalasin A could not be readily reversed. The cytochalasins appeared to be more effective when present during the antigen-dependent activation phase of mediator release rather than during the calcium-dependent release phase. PMID- 46241 TI - Antigen-induced inhibition of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. III. Localization of an inhibitory site distinct from the major encephalitogenic determinant of myelin basic protein. AB - Defined peptide fragments were isolated from the N-terminal half of the myelin basic protein (BP) molecule and employed for antigen-induced inhibition of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Guinea pigs pretreated with peptide 44-89, obtained by limited pepsin digestion and purified by column chromatography, were significantly protected against EAE subsequently induced by sensitization with BP in complete Fruend's adjuvant. Peptide 1-20, derived by cyanogen bromide cleavage, did not inhibit EAE, nor did the synthetic EAE peptide (residues 114-122), although this peptide was only weakly encephalitogenic for guinea pigs. These findings directly support our previous conclusion that different sites on the BP molecule are responsible for induction and inhibition of EAE, and suggest that disease inhibition can be attributed, at least in part, to a site within peptide 44-89. PMID- 46242 TI - Characterization of cytotoxic effector cells in the mouse mammary tumor system. AB - Cell types involved in the immune response in vitro to MTV-induced BALB/cfC3H mammary tumors have been studied with techniques designed to inactivate or deplete different cytotoxic effector cells from spleen cells populations. The minimal activity of spleen cells from neonatally MTV-infected virgin BALB/cfC3H females is dependent upon the presence of T cells. Spleens from multiparous BALB/cfC3H females bearing small tumors are similar to those of tumor-free multiparous females. However, after the tumors grow to large size, the activity of the non-T cell population is no longer detectable. The cytotoxic activity of spleen cells from BALB/c females older than 14 weeks (supposedly not infected with MTV) is not dependent upon the presence of T cells. No activity is shown by spleen cells from BALB/c females younger than 14 weeks. Positive control spleen cells were obtained from C3H female mice who had been immunized to BALB/c histocompatibility antigens by a skin allograft; both a T cell and a non-T cell response were found. PMID- 46243 TI - Association of a beta2-microglobulin-like subunit with H-2 and TL alloantigens on murine thymocytes. PMID- 46244 TI - Immunologic and biochemical properties of the histamine-sensitizing factor from Bordetella pertussis. AB - A highly potent extract of the histamine sensitizing factor (HSF) of Bordetella pertussis was isolated by extraction of bacterial cells with urea buffer and subsequent gel filtration. This preparation of HSF also contained leukocytosis promoting activity and adjuvant activity for reaginic and hemagglutinating antibodiesl Digestion of this extract with pronase or trypsin partially destroyed histamine-sensitizing activity, leukocytosis-promoting activity, and adjuvant activity for reaginic antibody, but did not affect adjuvant activity for hemagglutinating antibody. Antisera to HSF was prepared by immunizing rabbits with either whole bacteria or partially purfied extract. These antisera contained several precipitating antibodies to Bordetella pertussis extract demonstrated by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Antisera added in vitro to Bordetella pertussis extracts or passively administered in vivo to mice, reduced or abolished all biologic activities except adjuvant activity for hemagglutinating antibody. These results suggest that HSF might be an antigenic component of Bordetella pertussis which also possesses leukocytosis-promoting activity and adjuvant activity for reaginic antibody. PMID- 46245 TI - Characterization of guinea pig mitogenic factor. AB - Guinea pig mitogenic factor (M.F.) was identified in antigen-stimulated guinea pig lymph node lymphocyte cultures by the ability of supernatants to stimulate DNA synthesis in non-immune lymphocytes. Its activity is not augmented by the presence of antigen and it will stimulate lymphocytes made unresponsive to the eliciting antigen. M.F. production by lymphocytes is detectable within 6 hr after antigen stimulation and reaches a maximum at 24 hr. DNA synthesis produced by M.F. is maximal at 48 hr. M.F. is heat stable at 60 degrees C. Its molecular weight is in the range of 20,000 to 30,000 daltons. M.F. activity appears to be relatively resistant to the action of proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 46246 TI - Specific isolation and characterization of antibody directed to binding site antigenic determinants. AB - The preparation and specificity of antibodies specific for the ligand-binding site of HOPC 8, a phosphorylcholine (PC)-binding mouse myeloma protein, are described. Antiserum to HOPC 8, prepared in rabbits, was adsorbed with an HOPC 8 Sepharose immunoadsorbent and anti-binding site antibodies were eluted with PC. These antibodies reacted with HOPC 8 but not other myeloma proteins, including those with PC-binding specificity different from HOPC 8; the specificity of this anti-HOPC 8 antibody for the combining site region of HOPC 8 was shown by the fact that 1) the interaction of the anti-HOPC 8 antibody preparation with HOPC 8 was completely blocked by PC and 2) the antibody preparation failed to bind TEPC 15 in which the combining sites had been blocked by covalently bound PC groups. Moreover, these anti-binding site antibodies did not react with isolated heavy or light chains, indicating the requirement for a heavy-light chain interaction. By contrast an idiotypic antiserum to HOPC 8 prepared in A/J mice did bind affinity labeled TEPC 15 and the reaction with HOPC 8 was only marginally hapten inhibitable. Both of the idiotypic determinants detected by these two antisera were present on anti-PC antibody raised in BALB/c mice; PMID- 46247 TI - The release of four mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from human leukemic basophils. AB - The availability of a patient with basophilic leukemia manifesting 75 to 90% mature basophils permitted the use of a cell concentration sufficient to generate and release mediators upon interaction with a calcium ionophore in quantities adequate for their physiocochemical characterization. The mediators were defined in terms of their physicochemical characteristics: slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) by purification through silicic acid chromatography and inactivation by arylsulfatase; eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis (ECF A) by its gel filtration through Sephadex G-25 and inactivation by subtilisin and not trypsin; and platelet-activating factor (PAF) by its inherent binding to albumin. Both ECF-A and histamine were present in their preformed state, and for histamine it was possible to establish that the concentration per cell was comparable to that of normal human basophils. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP suppressed release of histamine and SRS-A, indicating that their availability was under a control similar to that observed with normal cells subjected to immunologic activation. The demonstration that a suspension of leukemic human basophils contained the preformed mediators, histamine and ECF-A, and generated SRS-A and PAF for release along with histamine and ECF-A, after activation with a calcium ionophore, establishes that a single cell type can serve as a source of the four recognized mediators of immediate-type hypersensitivity. PMID- 46248 TI - Comparison of the ocular effects of circulating endotoxin and immune complexes: role of vasoactive amines. AB - Both bacterial endotoxin and soluble immune complexes (BGG-anti BGG) injected i.v. in rabbits produce an alteration in ocular vascular permeability confined primarily to the vessels of the iridial portion of the ciliary processes. These effects have been measured by the ocular accumulation of 125I-albumin relative to cardiac plasma. Ten micrograms per kilogram of Escherichia coli bacterial endotoxin (055:B5) produce a consistent alteration in ocular vascular permeability over a 90-min period after injection. Fifty to 100 mmug/kg of endotoxin result in a prolonged effect that is maximum 4 hr after injection. Large quantities of immune complexes (BGG-antiBGG) prepared in 20 to 25 times antigen excess produce an anaphylaxis and approximately a 70% reduction in platelets and CH50. The alteration in ocular vascular permeability is half as great as that produced by 10 ug/kg of endotoxin over the 90-min period after their injection. A combined treatment with antihistamine, pyrilamine maleate, and antiserotonin, methysergide maleate, results in a significant reduction in ocular 125I-albumin in normal animals, virtually prevents the ocular effect of immune complexes, and reduces the average effect of endotoxin by 30%. Increasing the quantities of injected antihistamine and antiserotonin does not have a further effect on the response to 10 ug of endotoxin. PMID- 46249 TI - Immunologic properties of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS): correlation between the mitogenic, adjuvant, and immunogenic activities. AB - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was demonstrated to have the capacity in mice to enhance the response to soluble bovine serum albumin (BSA) and to interfere with the induction of tolerance to human gamma-globulin (HGG). These adjuvant activities were shown to occur under conditions in which LPS could also function as a B cell mitogen. This positive correlation was established by utilizing two experimental situations in which LPS was non-mitogenic for spleen cells. Thus, on the one hand, it was found that LPS did not function as an adjuvant in C3H/HeJ mice, a unique strain whose spleen cells were also unresponsive to LPS-induced mitogenesis. On the other hand, in strains which did respond to LPS mitogenically, LPS failed to function as an adjuvant when it was chemically altered to reduce its in vitro mitogenic activity. A correlation was also observed between mitogenesis and the capacity of LPS to function as a specific immunogen i mice. In contrast to the sustained and prolonged plaque-forming cell response that was observed in mice whose spleen cells were also responsive to LPS induced mitogenesis, the response was relatively transient in the C3H/HeJ strain. These results are discussed in view of the possible in vivo modes of action of LPS. PMID- 46250 TI - Rat cell surface antigens. I. Isolation and partial characterization of an Ag-B antigen. AB - Rat major histocompatibility or Ag-B antigen was isolated from soluble extracts of lymphoid cells by affinity chromatography. The purified antigen was shown in SDS gel electrophoresis to have a molecular weight of 30,000 to 35,000 daltons. In addition, amino acid composition was found to resemble, generally, that of HL A and H-2 antigens. It thus appears that the demonstrated homology between H-2 and HL-A extends also to Ag-B. PMID- 46251 TI - The antigenicity of myelin encephalitogenic protein: production of antibodies to encephalitogenic protein with deoxyribonucleic acid--encephalitogenic protein complexes. AB - Rabbits immunized with monkey encephalitogenic protein (EP) complexed to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) formed complement-fixing antibodies that reacted well with EP from monkey, bovine, and human brain and the large EP of rat brain. Reactivity with the small EP of rat brain was much less. The antibodies, analyzed by the quantitative micro-complement fixation test, were of the 7S class, were produced in high titer, and failed to react with histone, lysozyme, or acidic liver extracts. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the antibodies bound to central nervous system white matter from human, rat, guinea pig, and mouse as well as human peripheral nerve myelin. These findings demonstrate that the immunogenicity of EP is greatly enhanced by attachment to DNA and perhaps other negatively charged molecules. This method makes available anti-EP with which to investigate immunochemically the antigenic and conformational features of EP. PMID- 46252 TI - Suppression of reaginic antibody formation. I. Induction of hapten-specific tolerance. AB - Reaginic antibodies to DNP and ovalbumin were indcued readily in B6D2F1 mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of 1 mug of DNP-ovalbumin suspended with 1 mg aluminum hydroxide in 0.5 ml of saline. The formation of anti-DNP reaginic antibody was completely suppressed by treatment of mice with a conjugate consisting of the hapten coupled to an isolgous nonimmunogenic carrier, viz., murine phi-globulins. However, this treatment did not affect the level of antibody formation to the carrier of the immunizing antigen. The induction of unresponsiveness was dose dependent, complete suppression being achieved with 1 mg of the tolerogen. The state of unresponsiveness could be maintained for prolonged periods (these observations were made over a period of at least 8 months) by repeated injections of the tolerogen at intervals of 2 months. More importantly, the state of unresponsiveness could be induced readily not only in normal, but also in sensitized mice, i.e., this treatment was capable of abrogating an ongoing reaginic response, and the suppression was immunologically specific. Hence this system appears to have a great potential for adaptation to the treatment of allergic diseases in man. PMID- 46253 TI - Suppression of reaginic antibody formation. II. The use of adoptive transfer system for the study of immunological unresponsiveness. AB - By the use of the adoptive transfer system in syngeneic mice it was demonstrated that: i) spleen cells of animals tolerized by the i.v. injection of DNP8-MgammaG 1 month before adoptive transfer into x-irradiated recipients remained unresponsive when further challenged with the sensitizing antigen (DNP2.3-OA administered i.p. with Al (OH)3); by contrast, a significant response (typical of a secondary response) was obtained in recipients of cells from mice which had received only the sensitized antigen; ii) the anti-hapten IgE secondary response of primed cells was not affected by the presence of cells of tolerized mice when these two types of cells were administered and challenged together in x irradiated recipients; iii) the transfer of spleen cells or serum of mice, tolerized 20 days before harvesting, into intact syngeneic recipients did not interfere with the normal development of the anti-DNP IgE response of the latter; iv) the anti-hapten responses of tolerized animals receiving spleen cells from normal or primed mice together with the sensitizing antigen resulted, respectively, in a primary or secondary response; (v) the unresponsive state of tolerized cells, achievkd by immunosuppression of the original donors with respect to the haptenic determinant, was maintained even after two serial exposures of the cells to the immunizing antigen in two consecutive adoptive cell transfers into x-irradiated recipients. These findings provide a strong basis for the interpretation that the hapten-specific tolerace induced in mice by treatment with DNP8-MphiG involved the elimination or inactivation of hapten-specific IgE producing cells or the blockade of the receptors of these cells. PMID- 46254 TI - Two distinct chemotactic factor inactivators in human serum. AB - The chemotactic factor inactivator (CFI) has been isolated from whole human serum by a combination of techniques including salt precipitation, anionic exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. Two inactivators have been obtained, a beta globulin with a sedimentation velocity of approximately 7S and an alpha-globulin with a sedimentation velocity of approximately 4S. The former has a specificity for inactivation of the chemotactic activity associated with the C3 fragments, whereas the C5 chemotactic fragment is specifically inactivated by the alpha globulin CFI. CFI in crude fractions of human serum is heat labile, time and temperature dependent for its activity, and pH dependent, expressing optimal activity at a pH range of 7.2 to 7.4. PMID- 46255 TI - Induction of tolerance to nucleic acid determinants by administration of a complex of nucleoside D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL). AB - The administration of nucleosides coupled covalently to the copolymer of D glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL) or to its stereoisomer, L-GL, induces a state of nucleoside (NUC)-specific tolerance in inbred SJL and BALB/c mice, irrespective of their immune status at the time of treatment. Such tolerance is characterized by the inability of treated animals to mount either primary or secondary, intact or adoptive, anti-NUC antibody responses following immunization with a highly immunogenic conjugate of NUC-Keyhole limpet hemocyanin. These observations have potential therapeutic importance in autoimmune processes involving anti-DNA antibody production. PMID- 46256 TI - Maturation of B lymphocytes in the rat. II. Subpopulations of virgin B lymphocytes in the spleen and thoracic duct lymph. AB - Thoracic duct and spleen cells of normal (unimmunized) adult rats were fractionated according to size by 1 times G velocity sedimentation. Fractions were tested for their ability to restore the adoptive antibody response of irradiated hosts to horse spleen ferritin. A constant source of T cells (small numbers of unfractionated thoracic duct cells) was added to each fraction in order to monitor the B cell activity of the latter. Although large and small cell fractions of the spleen showed restorative activity, only the small cell fractions of the thoracic duct lymph showed activity. The turnover rate of the spleen cell fractions was determined by treating donors with high specific activity 3H-thymidine for 48 hr before splenectomy. Rapidly dividing cells are preferentially killed by this treatment. The results suggest that a considerable proportion of large, intermediate, and small virgin B cells turn over within 48 hr. The cell surface of the various spleen cell fractions was examined for the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) and a receptor for complement. The percentage of Ig-bearing cells in the large cell fractions was similar to the percentage of cells bearing IgM and a receptor for complement. However, the majority of Ig bearing cells in the small cell fractions did not show the latter two surface markers. Experiments with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter showed that the large functionally active B cells bore surface IgM. The experimental findings suggest that there are subpopulations of virgin B cells in the spleen of the adult rat which differ with respect to size, migration pattern, turnover rate, and cell surface characteristics. The relationship of these cells to one another is discussed in the framework of an antigen-independent model of B cell maturation in the rat. PMID- 46257 TI - Mechanism of action of concanavalin A on human basophils. AB - Concanavalin A (Con A) activates human basophils to release histamine. This reaction has great similarities to that of antigen-or anti-IgE-induced release. It is characterized by a two stage reaction: the initial stage is the binding of Con A to the cell and the second stage is a secretory process of the cell. Cells desensitized by incubation with excess amounts of Con A or by prolonged incubation in the absence of cations cannot be activated to release with antigen or anti-IgE. When the native (tetravalent) Con A molecule is modified by succinic anhydride to become divalent it is much less active in releasing histamine. There is wide variation in the response of cells from different individuals to Con A. However, a close correlation exists between the histamine release induced by Con A and anti-IgE. Therfore, in genral, cells from allergic donors release more histamine with Con A than those from non-allergic individuals. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that Con A acts by binding to carbohydrate groups on the IgE molecule located on the basophil membrane. On a molar basis, IgE is 4000-fold more active than alpha-methyl-D-mannoside in inhibiting the Con A-induced histamine release. Succinyl Con A blocks the ability of Con A and anti-IgE equally well and to a lesser extent the ability of antigen to activate cells to release histamine. PMID- 46258 TI - Identification of a colon-specific antigen (CSA) in normal and neoplastic tissues. AB - An antigen has been isolated from a human signet-ring cell carcinoma serially growing in hamsters, GW-39, by saline, PCA, or phenol extraction, and has been found immunologically identical to a similarly extracted substance in normal human or hamster colon. No other hamster or human tissues or cells were found to contain this antigen, for which reason we have termed it colon-specific antigen, or CSA. CSA has been found to be distinct from the major blood group-specific antigens and from othercolon tumor-associated antigens, such as CEA, CCA-II, and CCA-III. It thus seems that a colon organ-specific antigen can be synthesized by this particular human tumor system. Hamsters immunized with CSA could reject cheek pouch grafts of GW-39 tumors, and tumor rejection by these animals correlated with their anti-CSA antibody titers. Preliminary characterization of CSA suggested that it is a glycoprotein on the cell surface having a molecular size of 30,000 to 50,000 daltons. It is proposed that CSA may play a role in the diagnosis of mucin-producing adenocarcinoma of the colon and in ulcerative colitis. PMID- 46259 TI - Complement-mediated alteration of antibody specificity in vivo. AB - The simultaneous injection of heterologous anti-EL4 lymphoma serum and complement results in the rapid disappearance of such antibody from the periphery of non tumor bearing mice. However, this phenomenon is only observed when a complement source capable of mediating the lysis of EL4 cells sensitized with such heterologous antibody is used. This complement mediated enhancement of anti-tumor antibody absorption was observed in vivo for three strains of mice. Omission of complement or the use of genetically deficient complement sources resulted in no effect on circulating antibody titer when compared to the titer of heterologous anti-tumor antibody observed in the periphery when injected alone. Exogenous complement did not enhance the clearance of heterologous anti-tetanus toxin serum, thereby suggesting that the increased absorption of anti-EL4 in vivo is not related simply to the enhanced clearance of foreign gamma-globulin. Confirmatory evidence of the role of complement in altering anti-tumor antibody specificity in vivo was obtained in a guinea pig tumor model as well. The data suggest that anti-tumor serum shown to be relatively specific for the tumor cell gains additional specificity in the presence of functional complement and consequently manifests avidity for cross-reactive determinants previously thought to be unrelated. PMID- 46260 TI - IgA and IgA diphtheria antitoxin responses from human tonsil lymphocytes. AB - Human tonsil lymphocytes were stimulated with diphtheria toxoid and then cultured in a Marbrook culture system so that antibodies could be measured in the culture supernatant. Specific antibodies were measured with excess radiolabeled antigen and antisera specific for each immunoglobulin class. Good IgG and IgA diphtheria antitoxin responses have been obtained and responding culture supernatants were shown to neutralize toxin. The relationship between antitoxin response in vitro and immunization of donors with toxoid was investigated. It was found that at least two immunizations after the age of 6 months were necessary to prime the tonsils for an in vitro antibody response. The IgG and IgA in culture supernatants were demonstrated by immunodiffusion and were measured by radioimmunoassay. By sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, it was shown that 40% of the IgA produced in the cultures was greater than 7S. Evidence was obtained that neither the IgA nor the specific IgA antitoxin bears secretory piece. It appears that human lymphocytes from tonsils produce polymer IgA in vitro without secretory piece. PMID- 46261 TI - Complement-mediated release of histamine from human leukocytes. AB - Activation of either the alternative or classical pathway of complement generated a factor which induced release of histamine from both non-allergic and allergic human basophils. This factor probably is derived from the complement system since 1) its formation was associated with loss of C3 activity in human serum, 2) chemotactic factor, probably also a complement product, was generated simultaneously, 3) heat inactivation blocked its formation, 4) anti-C3 and anti C5 blocked formation of the factor, and finally 5) anti-C5 inhibited the activity of the factor once it had been formed. It appears that both complement-mediated and allergen-mediated release of histamine from basophils are secretory, non cytolytic pathways since both were maximal at 37 degrees C, required the presence of divalent cations, and were inhibited by theophylline. One consistent difference between these two mechanisms was noted: complement-initiated release of histamine occurred more quickly. PMID- 46262 TI - Application of the paired label radioantibody technique to detection and subtyping of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed for the detection and subtyping, in regard to w and r specificities, of hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg). The binding of monospecific rabbit antibodies directed to either w or r determinant, labeled with 131I and 125I, respectively, by HBsAg was determined in the same experiment, taking advantage of the fact that these specificities are in general, expressed mutually exclusively. HBsAg in the test sample were bound to solid phase guinea pig anti-HBsAg antibody tube before the test. The ratio of percentage uptake of 125I anti-r to that of 131I anti-w for 28 normal sera without antigen was 0.69 0.18. The ratio for seven sera containing HBsAg with w determinant was less than 0.1, and that for 34 with r determinant was more than 10; 100-fold difference was noted between values of w and r antigens. PMID- 46263 TI - The hapten-carrier effect in teleost fish. AB - The sea robin (Prionotus evolans), a representative teleost fish, was found to undergo the hapten-carrier effect, suggestive of T-B cell cooperativity, in vivo with dinitrophenyl as the hapten and bovine gamma-globulin or bovine serum albumin as carriers. In contrast to mammalian systems, the secondary anti-hapten response in the sea robin was found to involve exclusively high molecular weight antibody. PMID- 46264 TI - The diisopropylfluorophosphate inhibitable step in antigen-induced histamine release from human leukocytes. AB - DFP inhibits early events in antigen-induced histamine release from human leukocytes. If added to cells 5 min or more after antigen it is ineffective. If added with antigen it can be removed at 5 min but release will still be inhibited. In contrast, ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) and 2 deoxyglucose (2DG) still inhibit the reactions when added 5 min after antigen. During incubation of leukocytes for 90 to 120 min at 0 degrees C they react with specific antigen since they subsequently release significant quantities of histamine after washing and reincubation at 37 degrees C without addition of antigen. Such priming at 0 degrees C is at least equivalent to priming for 2 to 4 min at 37 degrees C. During antigen priming at 0 degrees C the cells are not activated beyond the step in the release sequence which is inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). This is apparent from the undiminished inhibitory activity of DFP on these cells. Furthermore, cells primed with antigen at 0 degrees C in the presence of DFP release as much histamine after washing and incubation at 37 degrees D as control cells primed in the absence of DFP. Incubation of leukocytes with specific antigen at 37 degrees C for 3 min resulted in significant but not quite complete priming for subsequent histamine release in the absence of antigen. Most of these primed cells were not activated beyond the step inhibitable by DFP. However, some had completed the entire sequence including the release of histamine while others had not released their histamine but were not inhibited by DFP from subsequent release. After 5 min incubation with antigen at 37 degrees C almost all leukocytes had progressed beyond the stage which is inhibited by DFP. Incubation of leukocytes at 37 degrees C with DFP but without antigen for up to 15 min followed by washing did not impair subsequent antigen-induced histamine release by these cells. Thus, DFP was inhibitory under these conditions only after antigen activation of leukocytes. PMID- 46265 TI - Detection of cell-bound immunoglobulins by a radioisotopic micro-mixed hemadsorption reaction with technetium-99m-labeled erythrocytes. AB - The mixed hemadsorption (MHA) reaction detects antibodies reactive with cell surface antigens by means of antiglobulin-coated indicator erythrocytes. We have developed a radioisotopic modification which employs sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) that have been prelabeled with technetium-99m (99mTc), a high specific acitivity metastable gamma-emitter of short half life. The 99mTc MHA reaction was performed on human and murine cells cultured in Micro-test II plated with six replicate wells per serum dilution. Antibody activity in species-specific xenoantisera and mono- and polyspecific alloantisera was detected in high titer. The sensitivity of 99mTc micro-mixed hemadsorption was 2 times that of the visual assessment of mixed hemadsorption, 100 to 200 times that of the 125-I-mixed antiglobulin reaction and 500 to 1000 times more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescence. The assay system was applied successfully to confirm the species of origin of a panel of previously karyotyped human and mouse cell lines. Our results indicate that the 99mTc micro-mixed hemadsorption method is a rapid, sensitive, quantitative test for the detection of cell surface antigens and membrane reactive antibodies. PMID- 46266 TI - Studies on the cytophilic properties of human beta2 microglobulin. AB - Human beta2 microglobulin is cytophilic for mouse, rat, and to a lesser extent guinea pig lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes but not for human, rabbit, chicken, frog, and turtle cells, nor for any mature erythrocytes tested. Mouse splenic lymphocytes bind 5- 7-fold more beta2 microblobulin than thymocytes although hydrocortisone-resistant thymocytes resemble spleen cells in this regard. The beta2 microglobulin binding by B and T cells in mouse spleen is similar. The structure responsible for beta2 microglobulin binding to the surface of cells is distinct from the Fc receptor specific for aggregated IgG. PMID- 46267 TI - Suppression of the immune response by alpha-fetoprotein on the primary and secondary antibody response. AB - Mouse amniotic fluid was shown to contain a noncytotoxic inhibitor of primary gammaM and secondary gammaM, gammaG subclass splenic plaque forming cells in vitro to SRBC. The suppressive effect was not abolished by exhaustive dialysis or by absorption of mouse amniotic fluid (MAF) with SRBC. Polyacrylamide gel analysis showed that dialyzed MAF was composed of three major protein components, transferrin, albumin, and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The selective removal of each of these patients from MAF by affinity chromatography suggested that AFP was the immunosuppressive substance in MAF. This conclusion was verified by the demonstration that pure AFP suppressed in vitro antibody synthesis in microgram quantities whereas equivalent amounts of normal mouse serum, transferrin, or albumin did not. Dose-response studies showed that the effect of AFP in the isolated form was equivalent to the suppressive effect of comparable amounts of AFP in MAF. gammaA and gammaG plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses were suppressed by a significantly lower concentration of AFP than was the gammaM PFC response. The degree of suppression watration of AFP than was the gammaM PFC response. The degree of suppression was dependent on the time at which AFP was added to the cultures; MAF added to antigen-stimulated cultures up to 24 h after initiation of cultures was immunosuppressive whereas similar additions of MAF at 48 h after initiation or later did not suppress. The duration of exposure of spleen cells to MAF in cultures without antigen necessary to achieve suppression of a subsequent primary immune response was determine-d to be approximately 8 h. The results suggest that AFP may have an immunoregulatry function. This has potentially important implications in the maternal-fetal relationship, the immune capabilities of the fetus and newborn, and in certain malignant and nonmalignant diseases in which AFP is elevated. PMID- 46268 TI - Tolerance to histocompatibility determinants in tetraparental bone marrow chimeras. AB - Tetraparental bone marrow chimeras were produced by injecting lethally X irradiated F1 hybrids with relatively high numbers of T-cell-depleted bone marrow cells from both allogeneic parental strains. The mice survival in excellent health and showed a stable, approximately 50:50 (parent:parent), lymphoid cell chimerism lasting for at least 7 mo after irradiation; regeneration of host-type hemopoietic cells was very limited. Thymus, lymph node, and thoracic duct lymphocytes showed specific unresponsiveness to host mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) determinants. Similarly specific tolerance to H-2 antigens of host type was demonstrated in spleen and lymph node. No suppressor cells could be demonstrated in either system and blocking serum factors could not be found. The results suggest specific deletion of functional T cells reactive to host-type MLR and cell-mediated lympholysis determinants. PMID- 46269 TI - Localization of prostaglandin on the plasmalemma of rabbit sperm. AB - Prostaglandin and prostaglandin receptors were localized on unwashed ejaculate rabbit sperm utilizing ferritin conjugated antibody to prostaglandin. Reaction was obtained over the acrosomal portion of the plasma membrane, with a greater aggregation over the apex of the head. The remainder of the head plasmalemma and flagellum showed no deposits of of reaction product. The reaction did not occur if the sperm were washed prior to incubation with the labelled antisera. However enhanced binding of ferritin was demonstrated if washed sperm were pre-incubated in PGE1. No reaction was seen in similar studies with human sperm. PMID- 46270 TI - Ultrastructure of an extremely thermophilic acidophilic micro-organism. AB - A thermoacidophilic micro-organism, isolated from volcanic hot springs near Naples, was cultivated in vitro, and examined by electron microscopy in sections and after negative staining. The cells were almost spherical, with a diameter of about 0.7 to 1.0 mum. Their morphology was very primitive: the protoplasm was composed only of ground cytoplasm, ribosomes, and randomly distributed DNA strands. They were surrounded by a plasma membrane and by an extracellular coat about 20 nm thick which displayed a regular hexagonal pattern. Cell replication occurred by binary fission with median constriction during which a bipolar localization of nuclear material was observable. The morphology is compared with that of other known micro-organisms living in similar habitats. PMID- 46271 TI - An attempt to identify the intestinal receptor for the K88 adhesin by means of a haemagglutination inhibition test using glycoproteins and fractions from sow colostrum. AB - The K88 antigen of Escherichia coli specifically adheres to the piglet intestinal cell; a solution of this antigen agglutinates guinea-pig red cells at 4 degrees C. The latter reaction was used as a model of the former, using inhibition of haemagglutination as an index of specific combination with the K88 adhesin. Inhibition was found with mucous glycoproteins and chemical modification of their heterosaccharide residues by mild acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation or the Smith degradation procedure suggested that the terminal beta-D-galactosyl structure in a heterosaccharide sidechain of a glycoprotein might combine specifically with the K88 adhesin and inhibit haemagglutination. One serum glycoprotein (fetuin), after exposure of its subterminal beta-D-galactosyl residue, also inhibited haemagglutination, but high inhibitory activity was exhibited by some submaxillary glycoproteins in which this structure was absent or not prominent. It was concluded that in some cases inhibition of haemagglutination by glycoprotein was non-specific. No inhibition was found using glycosaminoglycans, glycogen or any simple sugar or glycoside. Sow colostrum was inhibitory but this was associated mainly with its gamma-globulin fraction. Some inhibitory activity was traced to a colostral glycopeptide fraction of low molecular weight but the smaller colostral oligosaccharides were not inhibitory; the composition of these components in sow colostrum is reported. PMID- 46272 TI - Experimental allergic optic neuritis (EAON) in the rabbit. A new model to study primary demyelinating diseases. AB - In New Zealand albino rabbits the axons of the nerve fibre layer are myelinated over a long distance within the retina. Primary demyelination of these fibres was induced by sensitization of the animals to bovine cerebral white matter or myelin basic protein in complete Freund's adjuvant and challenge thereafter by intravitreous injection of basic protein (BP) or purified tuberculin (PPD). Production of segmental demyelination as a result of sensitization to brain specific antigen (BP) and indifferent (PPD) antigen, shows that morphologically the same type of lesions can be induced by any antigen which will elicit cell mediated immune reaction. PMID- 46273 TI - Brain tumor-scanning agents compared in an animal model. AB - Sixteen radiopharmaceuticals for brain tumor localization have been compared in a mouse brain tumor model. A rating system is presented for such intercomparison. The rusults indicate that 111-in-chloride injected at pH 1.5 has the most favorable biologic characterisTICS FOR BRAIN TUMOR IMAGING. PMID- 46274 TI - A simple technique for making Diazochrome slides as teaching aids. AB - Color pictorial slides are important for the learning process. They present a method which allows easy recognition of the subject without any effort to understand and appreciate it. However, the main purpose of this article is to describe a technique for the production of Diazochrome film for titles, charts, graphs, and diagrams. These slides are easy to produce, inexpensive, and time saving. PMID- 46275 TI - Hepatocarcinogenesis by diethylnitrosamine in rats fed high dietary levels of lipotropes. AB - The effects of high dietary levels of lipotropes on the carcinogenic activity of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) in rats were studied. All animals given DENA, with or without a dietary supplement, developed hepatocellular carcinomas. The mean survival times of all groups of rats dying with hepatocellular carcinomas after DENA treatment were determined. Choline, betaine, and folic acid consistently exerted no significant effect on those mean survival times. In rats receiving approximately equal to 2 mg DENA/day, methionine administration led to a slight but significant increase in the mean survival time of the carcinogen-treated rats, whereas vitamin B12 significantly lowered the survival time; neither substance altered the mean survival times of those treated with only 1.0 mg DENA/day. On the other hand, ethanolamine decreased the mean survival times of rats given 1.0 mg DENA daily, but had no effect on animals receiving 2 ml/day of carcinogen. Dimethylthetin (sulfur analogue of betaine), methotrexate, lecithin, and cephalin exerted no effect on the carcinogenic activity of DENA. The administration of dimethylthetin and betaine along with DENA led to markedly increased liver weights in animals dying of hepatocellular carcinomas, when compared to liver weights of animals treated with DENA alone. PMID- 46276 TI - Regression of feline sarcoma virus-induced sarcomas in dogs. II. Immunologic investigations. AB - The serial development of cell-mediated immunity (CMI), cytotoxic antibody activity, serum blocking activity, and virus-neutralizing antibody levels were monitored in vitro for beagle and mongrel puppies inoculated with feline sarcoma virus (FeSV) and were compared to in vivo histologic markers of regression of induced sarcomas. CMI developed rapidly and maintained a high level of in vitro activity throughout the tumor life-span. Cytotoxic antibody levels similarly rose rapidly to peak just before clinically detectable regression and then declined during most of the regression sequence. This suggested antibody fixation at the tumor site, correlating with the histologic finding of focal necrosis and neutrophilic infiltrates. Inactivation of antibody by circulating antigen with subsequent immune complex formation was a possibility. Levels of virus neutralizing antibody in sera paralleled those of cytotoxic antibody; their relationship in the circulation was not clear, but each related to virus determined antigenic specificities. Serum blocking activity rose rapidly, leveled off during most of the tumor life-span, and rose slightly during the last stages of regression. This partly explained the lack of in vivo tumor lymphoid infiltrates to correlate with the striking in vitro CMI. Blocking activity was also present, however, when lymphoid infiltrates were seen histologically. Thus in vitro-in vivo correlation was best for cytotoxic antibody, which suggested that antigen-antibody reactions involving neutrophil-mediated regression sequences were important in effecting tumor-cell destruction. PMID- 46277 TI - Argyrophilic carcinoids in two Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). AB - Argyrophilic carcinoids were found in 2 Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). A solitary neoplasm was located in the glandular stomach of a 25.5-month-old animal that had ingested for 12 months laboratory chow to which arecoline and calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] had been added. In the other hamster, a primary carcinoid of the pancreas had metastasized to the mesenteric lymph nodes and liver; this was in a 22-month-old animal that had ingested for 16 months chow containing added snuff and Ca(OH)I. It is not known whether the carcinoids were spontaneous or induced by the treatment. Argyrophilic carcinoids have previously been reported in only one other rodent species. PMID- 46278 TI - Letter: Hyperplasia of the prostate. PMID- 46279 TI - Current surgical management of chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 46280 TI - Antigenic characterization of type C RNA virus isolates of gibbon apes. AB - Type C RNA viruses initially isolated from a lymphosarcoma of a gibbon ape and from a fibrosarcoma of a woolly monkey are very closely related immunologically. However, recent studies have shown that these viruses are distinguishable in a radioimmunoassay for the 12,000-molecular-weight polypeptide (p12) of the woolly monkey virus. In the present report, an immunoassay has been developed for the p12 polypeptide of the gibbon ape type C virus. This assay is shown to further distinguish the woolly monkey and gibbon ape viruses. In type-specific assays for the p12 polypeptides of these viruses, two new type C viruses isolated from gibbons in a second colony, characterized by high incidence of hemopoietic neoplasia, are immunologically distinguishable from the original gibbon ape virus. The p12 type-specific immunoassays described in the present report may be of importance in studying the natural history of these viruses and their relationship to tumors of primates. PMID- 46281 TI - Studies on reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses. I. Localization of thermolabile DNA polymerase and RNase H activities on one polypeptide. AB - Purified reverse transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis virus or Rous sarcoma virus consists of two subunits of average mol wt of 100,000 and 60,000. The lower molecular-weight subunit, alpha, has been isolated from avian myeloblastosis virus, Rous sarcoma virus and a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus, LA337. Subunit alpha manifests both the DNA polymerase and RNase H activities associated with purified reverse transcriptase of avian RNA tumor viruses. The thermal inactivation of these enzymatic activities of alpha subunit from the wild-type virus. The results show that both DNA polymerase and RNase H activities associated with the alpha subunit of LA337 are five to seven times more thermolabile then the corresponding alpha subunit from the wild-type virus. It is concluded that (i) both the polymerase and nuclease activities reside on the same polypeptide chain, and (ii) at least the lower-molecular-weight subunit alpha is coded for by the viral RNA. PMID- 46282 TI - Effect of cytosine arabinoside on viral-specific protein synthesis in cells infected with herpes simplex virus. AB - The relationship between viral DNA and protein synthesis during herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication in HeLa cells was examined. Treatment of infected cells with cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), which inhibited the synthesis of HSV-1 DNA beyond the level of detection, markedly affected the types and amounts of viral proteins made in the infected cell. Although early HSV-1 proteins were synthesized normally, there was a rapid decline in total viral protein synthesis beginning 3 to 4 h after infection. This is the time that viral DNA synthesis would normally have been initiated. ara-C also prevented the normal shift from early to late viral protein synthesis. Finally, it was shown that the effect of ara-C on late protein synthesis was dependent upon the time after infection that the drug was added. These results suggest that inhibition of progeny viral DNA synthesis by ara-C prevents the "turning on" of late HSV-1 protein synthesis but allows early translation to be "switched off." PMID- 46283 TI - Lifetimes of mRNA molecules directing the synthesis of viral proteins in herpes simplex virus-infected cells. AB - Possible variations in the functional lifetimes of herpes simplex virus type 1 mRNA molecules in infected HeLa cells were studied. As shown by the rate of decrease of radioactive amino acid incorporation into viral proteins after the addition of actinomycin, the average lifetime of early viral mRNA's are shorter than those for the late messenger species. In addition, when the viral proteins made after the addition of actinomycin were further analyzed by gel electrophoresis, it was found that messengers for individual viral proteins translated within the early or late time period also had some differences in their functional lifetimes. These results indicate that the synthesis of herpes simplex virus type 1 proteins during the replicative cycle is regulated in part by mechanisms controlling the functional lifetimes of viral mRNA's. PMID- 46284 TI - Characterization of DNA polymerase and RNA associated with A-type particles from murine myeloma cells. AB - The RNA-dependent DNA polymerase present in intracisternal A-type particles from mouse myeloma tumor cells has been studied. This polymerase can use either endogenous A particle RNA or an exogenous synthetic polynucleotide [poly (rA)] as a template. The DNA reaction product is small (4S-10S) and over 90% of it hybridizes to A particle RNA, whereas up to 50% of it hybridizes to murine sarcoma-leukemia virus RNAs. The RNA isolated from purified A particles is generally of low molecular weight (5S-15S) but contains small amount of 70S and 35S components. These results suggest that A-type particles may be related to C type oncornaviruses. PMID- 46285 TI - RNA of simian sarcoma-associated virus type 1 produced in human tumor cells. AB - Simian sarcoma-associated virus type 1 propagated in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells exhibited characteristics typical of oncornaviruses but seemed to have several aberrant properties. It had a buoyant density of 1.14 g/cm3, had RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, seemed to be labile to high salt concentrations, and contained little 50 to 60S RNA but relatively large amounts of human ribosomal RNA. In addition to 50 to 60S RNA, purified virions contained smaller RNA molecules with sedimentation coefficients of 28 to 30S, 18 TO 20S, and 4 to 10S. Unlike the 50 to 60S RNA species, the smaller virion-associated RNAs lacked polyadenylic acid, and the 28 to 30S RNA had an average base composition similar to that of human ribosomal RNA. Upon heat denaturation, the native 50 to 60S RNA genome yielded polyadenylic acid-containing 28 to 30S subunits that degraded in to 18 to 20S molecules upon further heat treatment. The 50 to 60S viral RNA had a guanine plus cytosine content of 56%. PMID- 46286 TI - RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of RNA tumor viruses. V. Rous sarcoma virus single-stranded RNA-DNA covalent hybrids in infected chicken embryo fibroblast cells. AB - RNA-DNA covalent hybrids containing viral RNA have been isolated from nuclear fractions of Rous sarcoma virus-infected chicken embryo fibroblast cells shortly after virus infection. The formation of covalent hybrid structures depends upon a functional reverse transcriptase in vivo, since its appearance in cells is temperature dependent when infected with Rous sarcoma virus mutant LA335, which contains a temperature-sensitive reverse transcriptase. PMID- 46287 TI - Binding properties of avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerases to nucleic acid affinity columns. AB - A new method for the analysis and purification of the RNA-directed DNA polymerase of RNA tumor viruses has been developed. This nucleic acid affinity chromatography system utilizes an immobilized oligo (dT) moiety annealed with poly (A). The alpha and alphabeta DNA polymerases of avain myeloblastosis virus bound effectively to poly (A) oligo (dT)-cellulose. Alpha DNA polymerase did not bind effectively to poly (A) oligo (dT)-cellulose, poly (A)-cellulose, or to cellulose. Alphabeta bound to oligo (dT)-cellulose and cellulose at the same extent (approximately 30%), indicating that this enzyme did not bind specifically to the oligo (DT) moiety only. However, alphabeta bound to poly (A)-cellulose two to three times better than to cellulose itself, showing that alphabeta could bind to poly (A) without a primer. Alphabeta DNA polymerase also bound to poly (C) cellulose, whereas alpha did not. These data show that the alpha DNA polymerase is defective in binding to nucleic acids if the beta subunit is not present. Data is presented which demonstrates that the alphabeta DNA polymerase bound tighter to poly (A). oligo (DT)-cellulose and to calf thymus DNA-cellulose than the alpha DNA polymerase, suggesting that the beta subunit or, at least part of it is responsible for this tighter binding. In addition, alphabeta DNA polymerase is able to reversibly transcribe avian myeloblastosis virus 70S RNA approximately fivefold faster than alpha DNA polymerase in the presence of Mg2+ and equally efficient in the presence of Mn2+. alpha DNA polymerase transcribed 9S globin m RNA slightly better than alphabeta with either metal ion. PMID- 46288 TI - Bladder outlet obstruction caused by vaginal fibromyoma: the female prostate. AB - Three patients with urinary difficulty were cured by surgical removal of a viaginal fibromyoma. The appearance of this benign tumor on an intravenous cystogram and cystoscopy as well as the clinical response to surgical removal bears similarity to the hypertrophied prostate in men. The best surgical technique for its removal is enucleation via a vaginal incision. PMID- 46289 TI - George Washington University technique for surgical correction of post prostatectomy incontinence. AB - We have described a procedure with long-term followup and modification for the correction of post-prostatectomy incontinence. The procedure involves the combined principle of rigidly placed support under the urethra to which is attached an inflatable, adjustable pillow, allowing for fine control of the urethral resistance. Of the 22 patients treated 16 are completely dry, 4 have occasional dampness and 2 are failures. More significant is the fact that since the silicone gel pillow has been enclosed in the marlex strap we have had 6 successes., 1 partial successs and no failures. The complication rate is almost non-existent. No infections were encountered and no prostheses were removed for other than reoperation. We believe that the combination of bony fixation plus the adjustable pillow gives the best control of the troublsome problem of post prostatectomy incontinence. PMID- 46290 TI - The significance of histological changes in serial prostatic biopsy specimens. AB - Study of the histological appearance of randomly chosen areas of hyperplastic prostatic glands revealed that such areas are highly variable in appearance. Any such area of the size comparable to biopsy specimens does not give a representative picture of the entire gland. It is not possible from the appearance of single, serial biopsy specmens to draw any conclusions on the effect of hormonal treatment of the hyperplastic prostrate. PMID- 46291 TI - Morphogenesis of nodular hyperplasia--prostate. AB - Step-section study was done on 161 prostates from medicolegal autopsies. Nodular hyperplasia occurred in 35-year-old subjects but increased in frequency with advancing age. Nodular hyperplasia originates as an early stromal nodule usually by the side of urethra. This nodule perhaps stimulates the duct in its close vicinity to proliferate and to bud into the solid nodule. Thereafter, stromal and epithelial elements proliferate to form either a glandular or a mixed nodule. A leiomyomatous nodule has been interpreted as a unilateral differentiation and maturation of stromal nodule to smooth muscle. PMID- 46292 TI - Editorial: Getting rid of demons. PMID- 46293 TI - Current concepts in cancer. Cancer of the GI tract: colon, rectum, anus. Surgical management. PMID- 46294 TI - [Bedside nursing: bedside care of patients following extirpation of brain tumors]. PMID- 46295 TI - [Systems approach in preoperative care]. PMID- 46296 TI - [Kidney transplantation and nursing care - Management of patients before and after the surgery and in the convalescence period after discharge]. PMID- 46297 TI - [Nursing of a hemodialysis patient following left nephrectomy]. PMID- 46299 TI - [Questions and answers: surgical nursing]. PMID- 46298 TI - [New nursing seminar. Surgical nursing: keypoints in nursing of injured patients]. PMID- 46300 TI - [Radioimmune determination of aldosterone in peripheral blood plasma]. PMID- 46301 TI - [Seasonal rhythm of the nonspecific immunological reactivity of the human organism]. PMID- 46302 TI - [Comparative data on the use of Muller's medium and magnesium medium for the demonstration of Salmonella in food products]. PMID- 46303 TI - [Experience in production of the indirect hemagglutination reaction in the micropores of polysterol plates]. PMID- 46304 TI - [Isolation of L-forms of bacteria in chronic pyelonephritis]. PMID- 46305 TI - [Microfluorimeter with contact objectives]. PMID- 46306 TI - [Chamber for calculation of antibody-forming cells in the Jerne-Nording test]. PMID- 46307 TI - [Comparative characteristics of macro- and micromethods of the peripheral blood lymphocyte blast transformation test]. PMID- 46308 TI - [Method of quantitative determination of blood serum lipoproteins by means of elution sectional disc-electrophoresis with triton X-100]. PMID- 46309 TI - [Determination of tubazid activity in the blood serum by Wollenberg's method]. PMID- 46310 TI - [Study of the diagnostic value of the complement fixation test in ozena]. PMID- 46311 TI - [Use of the erythrocytes of certain animal species and man in the reaction for determination of antistreptolysin-0]. PMID- 46312 TI - [Connections between the hemosensitive activity of antigens and the method of preliminary preparation of the bacterial mass]. PMID- 46313 TI - [Drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 46314 TI - [Determination of the oxidase activity of bacteria of the genus Vibrio by use of methol reagent]. PMID- 46315 TI - [Thermopen for the recording of contraction of an isolated muscle preparation during the determination of the biological activity of compounds]. PMID- 46316 TI - [Porous films of cellulose acetate for electrophoretic separation of high molecular weight compounds]. PMID- 46317 TI - [Some functional and biochemical characteristics of human lymphocytes in the normal state and in chronic lymphoid leukosis (review of the literature)]. PMID- 46318 TI - [Lymphocyte transformation in liver diseases (review of the literature)]. PMID- 46319 TI - [Comparative evaluation of stimulation of human lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinins by various methods]. PMID- 46320 TI - [Some erythrocyte indices in healthy children in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 46321 TI - [Indices of the rate of secretion of hydrogen ions in patients with gastroduodenal pathology]. PMID- 46322 TI - [Comparative evaluation of gastric juice acidity by use of the titration method and pH-metry in the stomach]. PMID- 46323 TI - [Study of indices of gastric secretion by use of the intravenous histamine infusion test]. PMID- 46324 TI - [Use of a yeast drink as a qualitative test meal in the study of gastric acid formation]. PMID- 46325 TI - [Determination of the levels of higher fatty acids in the blood serum of humans by the gas chromatography method]. PMID- 46326 TI - [Determination of higher fatty acids in the blood serum by the gas-liquid chromatography method and use of diazomethane for their methylation]. PMID- 46327 TI - [Determination of nonesterified fatty acids in skin fat]. PMID- 46328 TI - [Determination of the lipoprotein fraction by use of horizontal electrophoresis on paper and an albumin-containing buffer solution]. PMID- 46329 TI - Polysaccharides of metaplastic mucosa and carcinoma of the gallbladder. AB - The polysaccharide composition of the human gallbladder well was studied in carcinomas and metaplastic changes of various degrees, and the results obtained were compared with those for the normal material previously presented (Terho, T., and Laitio, M. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 338: 135, 1974). Elevated amounts of acid connective tissue polysaccharides (heparitin and dermatan sulfates as well as chondroitin 4- or 6-sulfate, or both, could be observed in carinomas. In histochemical stainings it was found that in carcinomas and in the two specimens classified as group III (containing the most extensive metaplastic changes at disposal), the intracellular mucin was mainly neutral or nonsulfated acidic. The amounts of sulfated mucin were relatively insignificant. This mucin polysaccharide material was isolated and its composition was determined. It was observed to be large polysaccharide material was isolated and its composition was determined. It was observed to be large molecular (approximate molecular sizes 1 to 2 times 10-6), and to be composed of fucose, galactose, glucosamine, and galactosamine as well as small amounts of sialic acid. The basic structure of these polysaccharides is thus similar to that of normal sulfated mucin. The almost total absence of acid groups, however, causes the polysaccharide material in question to stain in a manner identical with neutral mucin when investigated with histochemical methods. The carcinomas also contained some sulfomucin; its proportion, however, was small as compared with the amounts of nonsulfated acid and neutral mucin in biochemical characterization. A small molecular polysaccharide fraction, assumed to originate in membrane-bound glycoproteins, was isolated from the insoluble gallbladder tissue residue. The proportion of this fraction was larger in carcinomas than in normal material. This rise as well as the rise in the quantity of acid connective tissue polysaccharides is presumably due to the large number of cells in the carcinoma tissue as well as to fibrosis. PMID- 46330 TI - Incidence and nature of cytoplasmic hepatitis B antigen in hepatocytes. AB - Hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) in the hepatocytic cytoplasm is detected by immunofluorescence after reaction with fluoresceinated antiserum to HB Ag or by electron microscopy as numerous 20- to 30-nm. tubular and circular structures in dilated cisternae of excess endoplasmic reticulum. On light microscopy, these hepatocytes can be recognized because their cytoplasm has a ground-glass appearance and stains with Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin. Aldehyde fuchsin-positive ground-glass hepatocytes were detected in all 14 asymptomatic carriers of HB Ag and in 16 of 60 HB Ag-seropositive patients with chronic hepatitis, but not in HB Ag-seropositive acute viral hepatitis or in various other HB Ag-seronegative liver diseases. These cells are helpful in identifying on light microscopy HB Ag carriers and a portion of patients with HB Ag-positive chronic hepatitis. Nuclear HB Ag did not stain with aldehyde fuchsin. Nucleic acids were not detected in the ground-glass cytoplasm by special stains at the light or electron microscopic level. We suggest that the tubular and circular structures in the hepatocytic cytoplasm are coat material of the hepatitis B virus or virally coded host cell reaction product rather than the complete hepatitis B virus. PMID- 46331 TI - Identification of actin-like proteins in alcoholic hyaline by immunofluorescence. AB - Immunofluorescence studies on human liver from alcoholic patients demonstrate that alcoholic hyaline (Mallory body) binds immune sera containing anti-actin antibodies. These findings, establishing that alcoholic hyaline is endowed with contractile proteins, strongly support the actin microfilament nature of the Mallory body. PMID- 46332 TI - Current status of the surgical treatment of truncus arteriosus. AB - Persistent truncus asteriosus is now correctable surgically in patients with favorable anatomy. Given pulmonary arteries of reasonable size arising from any source, successful correction is possible so long as irreversible pulmonary vascular disease has not occurred. Although the majority of children with this defect demonstrate increased pulmonary blood flow, systemic-pulmonary artery shunts can be used. Also, banding of the pulmonary artery, followed subsequently by successful total correction, has been described. Recent reports of a few successful total corrections in infancy, performed with the aid of deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest, may modify the current approach. Although the majority of the reported corrections have involved aortic homograft reconstruction of the pulmonary artery, we strongly favor a synthetic prosthesis containing a heterograft valve. Based upon our clinical experience and this review of the literature, a suggested management protocol is presented. PMID- 46333 TI - Blood velocity at mitral valve during atrial arrhythmias in man. AB - By means of the Doppler ultrasonic flowmeter catheter, phasic instantaneous left ventricular blood velocity was measured at the mitral valves of 184 conscious human subjects during atrial arrhythmias. Atrial extrasystoles and pacemaker induced atrial tachycardias reduced peak mitral valve blood velocities in direct relation to shortened diastolic cycle length. Atrial fibrillation with irregular ventricular responses produced beat-to-beat alternations of peak mitral velocity, with smaller peak mitral blood velocities usually associated with shortened R-R intervals on the electrocardiogram. This report represents the first comprehensive description of instantaneous and continous phasic blood velocity at the mitral valve during atrial arrhythmias in man. It is concluded that atrial tachyarrhythmias exert an adverse influence on left ventricular filling velocities. PMID- 46334 TI - Initial effect of injury on ketone bodies and other blood metabolites. AB - The arterial and venous concentrations of ketone bodies and other metabolites were measured in twelve adults, from 2 to 24 hours after injury. Two groups could be distinguished, with or without hyperketonaemia (defined as more than 0.2 mmol per litre) in the 2-hour blood-sample. In the hyperdetonaemic group the concentrations of alanine, pyruvate, and lactate and the urinary nitrogen excretion were lower throughout the first 24 hours than in the non hyperdetonaemic group. These preliminary results indicate that hyperketonaemia after trauma is associated with decreased protein breakdown. PMID- 46335 TI - Neuropathy, M components, and amyloid. AB - Of eighty-seven patients with nonhereditary systemic amyloidosis, ten had evidence of peripheral neuropathy. There was median-nerve neuropathy due to infiltration of the flexor retinaculum with amyloid in six patients. Two patients had diffuse sensorimotor neuropathy and two patients had sensory loss without evidence of motor impairment--three of these cases had amyloid deposition demonstrated by nerve biopsy. Neurological manifestations in all ten patients preceded other evidence of amyloidosis by 6 months-4 years (mean, 1 to 5 years). Neuropathy occurred in six of thirty-eight patients with primary amyloidosis and four of fourteen with amyloidosis associated with malignant B-cell dyscraias; and all patients with neuropathy had either a serum-M-component or Bence-Jones proteinuria. In contrast, neuropathy was not noted in any of the fifty-six patients in this series who had no evidence of a monoclonal gammopathy (thirty five with secondary and twenty-one with primary amyloidosis). PMID- 46336 TI - The diving reflex used to treat paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. AB - Induction of the diving reflex, by immersion of the face in cold water (2 degrees C) while the breath was held, converted paroxysmal atrial tachycardia to sinus rhythm within 15-35 seconds in seven patients (aged 22-66). Four had histories of heart attacks that had previously required vasopressor therapy, and two had been digitalised; three had no history of prior paroxysmal atrial tachycardia or heart disease. The reported procedure, which is convenient, non-invasive, and can be self administered by the patient after brief instruction, may offer a useful adjunct to carotid-sinus massage and intravenous infusion of vasopressors for the treatment of paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. PMID- 46337 TI - The essential role of glucagon in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. AB - The following evidence suggests that diabetes mellitus may not be the simple consequence of relative or absolute insulin deficiency by itself, but may require the presence of glucagon: (1) relative or absolute hyperglucogonaemia has been identified in every form of endogenous hyperglycaemia, including total pancreatectomy in dogs; (2) insulin lack in the absence of glucagon does not cause endogenous hyperglycaemia, but when endogenous or exogenous glucagon is present, it quickly appears, irrespective of insulin levels at the time. These facts are compatible with a bihormonal-abnormality hypothesis, which holds that the major consequence of absolute or relative insulin lack is glucose underutilisation and that absolute or relative glucagon excess is the principal factor in the over-production of glucose in diabetes. PMID- 46338 TI - Plasma-high-density-lipoprotein concentration and development of ischaemic heart disease. AB - The body cholesterol pool increases with decreasing plasma-high-density lipoprotein (H.D.L.) but is unrelated to the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol and other lipoproteins. This finding supports existing evidence that H.D.L. facilitates the uptake of cholesterol from peripheral tissues and its transport to the liver for catabolism and excretion. Plasma-H.D.L., is reduced in several conditions associated with an increased risk of future ischaemic heart disease (I.H.D.), namely hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaimia, male sex, obesity, and diabetes mellitus, while subjects with existing clinical I.H.D. have lower levels of H.D.L. than healthy subjects within the same community. It is proposed that a reduction of plasma-H.D.L. concentration may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis, and hence I.H.D., by impairing the clearance of cholesterol from the arterial wall. PMID- 46339 TI - Editorial: Survival without collapse. PMID- 46340 TI - Editorial: Bone-marrow grafting for aplastic anaemia. PMID- 46341 TI - Editorial: Non-renal neoplasms and the kidney. PMID- 46342 TI - Editorial: Fitness for anaesthesia. PMID- 46343 TI - Editorial: Too big to be visible. PMID- 46344 TI - Psychogeriatrics and community care. AB - The meaning of community care, as at present organised for the elderly mentally ill, is examined critically. It is argued that often the phrase is used to conceal the deficiencies of traditional institutional facilities, for which community care is apt to be regarded as a cheap substitute. It is suggested that it would be beneficial to have available true community care, capable of providing a full-time service to patients in their own homes, in preference to institutional facilities. Though such a scheme would benefit patients, it would have implications for the community discordant with present official attitudes. PMID- 46345 TI - Patient's assessment of the result of surgery for peptic ulcer. AB - The assessment of the result of surgery for peptic ulcer is based on doctor determined criteria. Failure to distinguish one operation as being better than another may be because these criteria do not include the patient's rating of outcome. A questionnaire based on patients' descriptions of the quality of result has been tested in 63 patients. Preliminary figures show that success in the opinion of the patient does not necessarily mean absence of symptoms, while failure is due more to psychosocial than physical factors. A logical step in the planning of controlled trials is preoperative control of admission to the trial. PMID- 46346 TI - Mechanical deficiencies in scintillation counters, scanners, and gamma cameras. AB - After an accident involving a scintillation counter, the machanical integrity of scintillation counters and their stands, rectilinear scanners, and gamma cameras was examined. An alarming proportion of these divices were found to be poorly designed with consequent danger to patients and staff. This class of equipment should be covered by standards incorporated in a comprehensive hospital technical memorandum. PMID- 46347 TI - Letter: A cure for dangerous fever. PMID- 46348 TI - Letter: The pineal and neoplasia. PMID- 46349 TI - Letter: Confidentiality in social work. PMID- 46350 TI - Letter: Anticoagulant control, immunosuppression, and glomerulonephritis. PMID- 46351 TI - Letter: Intravascular coagulation and malaria. PMID- 46352 TI - Letter: Calcium balance in pregnancy. PMID- 46353 TI - Letter: Phenobarbitone, liver tumours, and thorotrast. PMID- 46354 TI - Letter: Intravenous cephradine in serious paediatric infections. PMID- 46355 TI - Letter: Body nitrogen after trauma. PMID- 46356 TI - Letter: Prostaglandins and asthma. PMID- 46357 TI - Letter: Immunoglobulin standards. PMID- 46358 TI - Epidemic viral enteritis in a long-stay children's ward. AB - Two outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis occurred in 1974 in a long-stay children's ward. Electron microscopy demonstrated rotaviruses in faeces from the affected children in the first outbreak, and adenoviruses in faeces from affected children and a nurse in the second outbreak. The illness in both outbreaks was very mild; but the diarrhoea associated with rotavirus infection usually lasted 5-8 days (in one patient it lasted for 28 days) and sometimes started with vomiting; whereas the adenovirus-associated diarrhoea lasted only 2-4 days and was not associated with vomiting. Neither the rotaviruses nor the adenoviruses could be established in tissue-culture. PMID- 46359 TI - Letter: Carboxyhaemoglobin: environmental and constitutional factors. PMID- 46360 TI - Letter: Antigenic sites related to human serum-proteins on HBsAg and specificity of immunosorbents. PMID- 46361 TI - Letter: Obesity and coronary-artery disease. PMID- 46362 TI - Letter: Survival in Wilms' tumour. PMID- 46363 TI - Letter: Risk of respiratory-distress syndrome. PMID- 46364 TI - Letter: inadequate mothers. PMID- 46365 TI - Letter: Coal worker's pneumoconiosis and carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 46366 TI - Letter: N.B.T. test in pregnancy. PMID- 46367 TI - Letter: Benign transformation of testicular carcinoma by chemotherapy. PMID- 46368 TI - Letter: experimental brain tumours. PMID- 46369 TI - Letter: G bands produced by collagenase. PMID- 46370 TI - Letter: Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia and oxytocin. PMID- 46371 TI - Letter: Kupffer cells and cirrhosis. PMID- 46372 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 46373 TI - Letter: Orthostatic hypotension, lactation, and breast cancer secondary to chlorpromazine administration. PMID- 46374 TI - Letter: Essential hypertension and breast cancer. PMID- 46375 TI - Letter: Complement in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 46376 TI - Letter: Resistant pseudomonads in a neurosurgical unit. PMID- 46377 TI - Letter: Assay of thymosin in blood. PMID- 46378 TI - Letter: Heterogeneity of calcitonin. PMID- 46379 TI - New approach to management of intracranial aneurysms. AB - In six cases an attempt was made to relieve the tension on intracranial aneurysms by temporarily clamping the internal carotid artery in the neck, so as to increase the expansibility of the artery. This approach was based on the concept (or "A principle") that haemorrhage is caused by the aneurysm having to bear the full force of systolic pulse pressure when atherosclerosis prevents this pressure being taken up by the normally expansile arterial wall. Follow-up has been fairly short, but the preliminary findings in four of the six patients are encouraging. More attention must be paid in the future to the significance of atherosclerosis in the onset of bleeding from intracranial aneurysms and the incidence of postoperative problems. The argument that atherosclerosis permits the transmission of the systolic pulse directly to the aneurysm wall requires further investigation. The earlier pathological signs of atherosclerosis must receive greater attention, and post-mortem study of the walls of arteries in immediate juxtaposition to aneurysms with high-powered magnification is required. PMID- 46380 TI - Letter: Diurnal variation of plasma-unconjugated-oestradiol in late pregnancy. PMID- 46381 TI - Letter: Obesity and glucose receptors. PMID- 46382 TI - Letter: White cells and uric acid in alcoholism. PMID- 46383 TI - Alexander Burns Wallace. PMID- 46384 TI - Effects of long-term practolol therapy on plasma-lipids after acute myocardial infarction. AB - In a double-blind controlled trial lasting 12 months, long-term practolol therapy had no significant effect on plasma-lipid concentrations in twenty patients who had had acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 46385 TI - Salmonella typhimurium resistant to silver nitrate, chloramphenicol, and ampicillin. AB - A strain of Salmonella typhimurium appeared sequentially in three patients in a burn unit, and epidemiological study suggested the occurrence of person-to-person spread. This organism was responsible for both colonisation and invasive infection in these patients whose burn surfaces were receiving topical treatment with 0.5% silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution. The antibiotic and metal ionsusceptibility pattern of this strain of S. typhimurium was unique and disturbing: resistant to silver nitrate, mercuric chloride, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and sulphonamides. This pattern of multiple resistances could be transferred by invitro mating experiments to sensitive recipient strains of Escherichia coli and S. typhimurium. Further transfer of these resistances could be consumated between different strains of E. coli. A survey of other salmonella strains isolated from patients in this hospital without thermal burns did not reveal this pattern of resistance. Also, strains of S. typhimurium, isolated elsewhere and showing simultaneous resistance to both ampicillin and chloramphenicol, were not resistant to AgNO3 in vitro. The very real danger of this strain of S. typhimurium in burn units stems from its resistance to the two most effective antibiotics (ampicillin and chloramphenicol) available for systemic therapy; and this threat may be compounded through the selection effected by the widespread topical use of AgNO3 solutions and sulphonamide preparations on burned surfaces. PMID- 46386 TI - HL-A matching and kidney-graft survival. Scandiatransplant report. AB - The follow-up of 523 kidney transplants with grafts from full-house donors shows a significant (p less than 0.02) correlation between the graft survival and the HL-A match grade. There was no indication in this study that kidneys from blood group O donors do better in group O recipients than in non-O recipients. Neither was it possible to show any effect of matching for either of the haplotypes, HL A1,8, HL-A3,7, or HL-A2,12. PMID- 46387 TI - Importance of a new virus in acute sporadic enteritis in children. AB - In a year-long survey of children admitted with acute enteritis to hospital in Melbourne, Australia, an aetiological agent was found in approximately 75% of patients. During most months of the year a newly described virus belonging to the family Reoviridae was detected by electron microscopy of faecal extracts from more than 50% of patients. Recovery of this virus reached a peak (73%) during the winter. All age-group up to five years of age were susceptible to infection, which was occasionally fatal. Duration of infection was brief, with a probable incubation period of less than two days. Infections acquired in hospital were not uncommon. The name of this new virus is not decided. The name "duovirus" is proposed rather than "rotavirus" as previously suggested. There is already convincing evidence that this new virus will prove to be the most important aetiological agent of sporadic acute enteritis in young children. PMID- 46388 TI - Advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma, a potentially curable disease. AB - Twenty-seven patients with advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (reticulum-cell sarcoma) were treated with combination chemotherapy utilising nitrogen mustard (or cyclophosphamide), procarbazine, vincristine, and prednisone. Elven (41%) achieved a complete remission and only one of these has had a recurrence of tumour. The remaining ten complete responders were free of all evidence of tumour when last seen 26-105 months from the end of treatment. In contrast, all non responders or partial responders have died. An interpretation of published survival data suggests that this virulent disease evolves quickly and is usally rapidly fatal if treatment is unsuccessful. Survival free of disease beyond 2 years from the end of treatment may be considered tantamount to cure. This definition of cure, previously applied only to patients treated with radiotherapy, seems applicable to patients who acheive complete remissions with modern drug treatment. PMID- 46389 TI - Heterozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and cirrhosis in adults, a fortuitous association. AB - Pi (protease inhibitor) genotype was determined in 394 healthy blood-donors, 132 adult patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, and 37 adult patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype with a single allele Pi Z (heterozygous alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency) was not different in blood-donors and in patients with cirrhosis. This finding suggests that the association of this heterozygous genotype with cirrhosis is not causal but fortuitous and that this heterozygous genotype does not increase susceptibility to cirrhosis due to other causes, in particular alcoholism. PMID- 46390 TI - Learned heart-rate control by a patient with a ventricular parasystolic rhythm. AB - A 31-year-old woman with a ventricular parasystolic rhythm is described. The arrhythmia was always absent below a rate of 72 per minute, and always present over a rate of 106 per minute. Voluntary heart-rate control was learned using a biofeedback techinque, as a result of which she could increase her rate by 25 per minute and decrease it by 1-2 per minute. Both voluntary speeding and exercise brought on the arrhythmia, but later in the training she could reach a higher heart-rate before the arrhythmia appeared. Propranolol inhibited the arrhythmia only to the extent that is slowed the heart. PMID- 46391 TI - Minor calyces as primary pacemaker sites for ureteral activity in man. AB - In isolated preparations of human upper-urinary-tract muscle in the organ-bath, calyceal and subcalyceal areas behave differently. Minor calyx preparations invariably exhibit immediate and extremely regular rhythmical contractions, in direct contrast to preparations of major calyx/pelvis which remain completely quiescent. Specimens of ureter do contract spontaneously but only after periods up to 1 hour. Smooth muscle of the minor calyces possesses excitatory alpha adrenoceptors, as does that of the remainder of the upper urinary tract; but sensitivity of the minor calyx to alpha-adrenoceptor agonists is far greater than that of preparations from any other site. Furthermore, stimulation of intrinsic nerves can modify activity of the isolated minor calyx, whereas no such effect is observed in any area distal to the minor calyces. These physiological and pharmacological properties of the most proximal areas, considered together with the finding of structurally specialised smooth-muscle cells in this area, form the basis of a hypothesis at that minor calyces in multicalyceal kidneys act as a primary pacemaker sites. PMID- 46392 TI - Arterial blood sampling in neonates. PMID- 46393 TI - Editorial: Rotaviruses of man and animals. PMID- 46395 TI - Editorial: Little evident progress. PMID- 46394 TI - Editorial: Home blood-pressure recording. PMID- 46396 TI - Editorial: Immunoblastic-cell proliferations. PMID- 46397 TI - Editorial: Bioavailability after intramuscular injection. PMID- 46398 TI - Editorial: An esperanto of liver disease. PMID- 46399 TI - Editorial: Attitude change in medical students. PMID- 46400 TI - Sudden death and sport. AB - Of 21 sudden deaths in sportsmen, 18 were thought to be caused by heart attacks either during or after sport. There was firm evidence of ischaemic heart-disease in 9, strongly suggestive evidence in 7, but in 2 there was only suggestive clinical evidence. As a group, these subjects were characterised by (1) a mean age above thirty (above twenty-five for rugby players); (2) a family history of early heart-attacks; and (3) antecedent symptoms of chest pain or pressure in 9, fatigue or blackout in 4, and minor complaints in 2. Most were known to their medical practitioners. Psychological factors were thought to be important in 8. Doctors, players and referees should be aware that severe sporting exertion as in rugby football involves a risk which for most players is relatively minor, but in the minority predisposed to heart-attacks by family history, smoking, or age (as in referees) the risk is more serious. To reduce hazard of sudden death in exercise, players and referees should be warned against smoking and informed of the serious implications of the development of chest pain, pressure, or undue tiredness before, during, or after sport. PMID- 46401 TI - Life expectation of Italian Renaissance artists. PMID- 46403 TI - Letter: The consultants' contract. PMID- 46402 TI - Letter: Subsidizing national dry milk. PMID- 46404 TI - Letter: The 40-hour week and shortage specialities. PMID- 46405 TI - Letter: Urinary-tract infection: localisation and virulence of Escherichia coli. PMID- 46406 TI - Letter: Assessment of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation. PMID- 46407 TI - Letter: H.S.V. is not S.P.V. PMID- 46408 TI - Letter: Lymphokines and nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 46409 TI - Letter: Book prices. PMID- 46410 TI - Letter: Should elderly hypertensives be treated? PMID- 46411 TI - Letter: A1 and C9 marker chromosomes in children with combined minor and major malformations. PMID- 46412 TI - Letter: Incidence of homocystinuria. PMID- 46413 TI - Letter: Human placental lactogen and fetal abnormality. PMID- 46414 TI - Letter: Human placental lactogen in screening for multiple pregnancies. PMID- 46415 TI - Letter: Intravenous cholangiography in jaundice. PMID- 46416 TI - Letter: Sclerosing peritonitis and practolol. PMID- 46417 TI - Letter: Gene dosage effect in trisomy 21. PMID- 46418 TI - Letter: Prednisone in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 46419 TI - Letter: Mesangial and Kupffer cells. PMID- 46420 TI - Letter: Paraquat. PMID- 46421 TI - Letter: Priapism during regular dialysis. PMID- 46422 TI - Letter: Contributions to the Lancet. PMID- 46423 TI - Letter: Kanam mandible's tumour. PMID- 46424 TI - Letter: Oral bacterial vaccine and colds. PMID- 46425 TI - Letter: Intestinal absorption of glucose. PMID- 46426 TI - Letter: The gynaecologist and breast cancer. PMID- 46427 TI - Letter: HBAg carrier state and hypogrammaglobulinaemia. PMID- 46428 TI - Letter: Phaeochromocytoma and myocardial infarction. PMID- 46429 TI - Letter: A time to be born. PMID- 46430 TI - Letter: Emergency domiciliary treatment for haemophilia. PMID- 46431 TI - Letter: Cell-surface characteristics in hairy-cell leukaemia. PMID- 46432 TI - Letter: Malnutrition and school progress. PMID- 46433 TI - Letter: Students as patients. PMID- 46434 TI - Letter: Disulfiram, carbon disulphide, and atherosclerosis. PMID- 46435 TI - Letter: A new species of microfilaria? PMID- 46436 TI - Letter: Serum-copper in sickle-cell anaemia. PMID- 46437 TI - Letter: Prolonged excretion of gentamicin in a patient with umimpaired renal function. PMID- 46438 TI - Letter: Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in depression. PMID- 46439 TI - Letter: Tk-polyagglutination in Bacteroides fragilis septicaemia. PMID- 46440 TI - Hypotension in hepatic failure. PMID- 46441 TI - Letter: Radioimmunoassay for carcino-embryonic antigen. PMID- 46442 TI - Letter: Standardisation of heparin for clinical use. PMID- 46443 TI - Aubrey Julian Lewis. PMID- 46444 TI - Gastric 'flu influenza B causing abdominal symptons in children. AB - Influenza-B virus was identified in 102 children admitted to hospital during two epidemics in 1973 and 1974, enzbling the symptomatology of infection with this virus to be assessed in detail for the first time. Abdominal pain, often severe enough to require differentiation from acute appendicitis, emerged as a dominant symptom, especially in older children. Respiratory symptoms were often insignificant, although the lower respiratory tract was sometimes involved. Other symptoms in some children included convulsions and acute myalgia. The immunofluorescent method of virus diagnosis was found to be reliable for influenza B, except in a few cases ehere nasopharyngeal secretions were scanty, giving 97-5 percent copositivity with standard isolation techniques. The rapid result provided by immunofluorescence was helpful in clinical diagnosis and management and also in the control of hospital cross-infection. PMID- 46445 TI - Insulin responses to oral carbohydrate in true prediabetics and matched controls. AB - The definition of prediabetes by genetic criteria alone has limitations since not all such subjects progress to overt diabetes. Sequential oral glucose tolerance testing in a population has enabled the identification of 14 "true prediabetic" subjects with baseline two-hour plasma glucose levels smaller than 160 mg. per 100 ml. who subsequently developed unequivocal diabetes (two-hour plasma glucose level larger than 275 mg. per 100 ml.). All but one were matched for baseline two-hour plasma glucose and relative weight with a subject whose glucose tolerance remained unchanged during a mean follow-up period of 4 years. Fasting insulin levels and responses at 1/2, 1, and 2 hour sampling times were similar in both group and matched pair analysis at baseline. No evidence was found that subjects destined to develop diabetes have either excessive or diminished insulin secretion. PMID- 46446 TI - Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on breathing pattern of infants with respiratory-distress syndrome. AB - The effect of continuous positive airway pressure (C.P.A.P.) on the breathing pattern of ten newborn infants with respiratory-distress syndrome (R.D.S.) has been studied using an impedance pneumograph; arterial oxygenation improved and respiration, previously disorganized, became regular in both rate and depth. Grunting usually ceased within 15 minutes of the start of C.P.A.P., and there was also on average a 30 percent increase in the respiratory-rate. The rapidity with which the breathing pattern changed suggests a reflex mechanism. Sudden reductions in airway pressure were frequently followed by apnoea, regular breathing restarting with the reintroduction of C.P.A.P. These observations suggest that C.P.P.A. provides a respiratory drive in babies with R.D.S., possibly mediated through the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex. PMID- 46447 TI - Lymphocyte-dependent antibody cross-matching for transplant patients. AB - Cadaver donor transplant patients who had a negative complement-dependent cytotoxicity cross-match test were tested in parallel with the specific donor at the time of transplantation by the lymphocyte-dependent antibody (L.D.A.) test. Transplants were performed on the basis of negative standard and long (2-5-hour) ment-dependent cross-match tests and the results of the L.D.A. test were withheld from the transplant centres. Of the 57 transplants tested, 49 had a negative L.D.A. result with 74 percent one-month function whereas 8 had a positive L.D.A. Result with 25 percent one-month function (P smaller than 0-02). When the results were further divided into methods of preservation of donor kidneys, among L.D.A. Negative transplants, of the 20 kidneys preserved by Collins Sacks solution, 95 percent were functional at one month, whereas of the 28 kidneys preserved on the Belzer machine, 64 percent were functional at one month (P smaller than 0-05). The risk of the most hazardous period of transplantation (i. e., the first month) may be reduced drastically by simple preservation methods and the se of L.D.A. cross-matching. PMID- 46448 TI - Penetration of penicillin into human phagocytes containing gonococci. AB - Human phagocytes that had ingested gonococci were incubated with increasing concentrations of penicillin in fresh human serum. Viable counts on phagocyte deposits before and after incubation indicated penicillin penetration at high concentrations but not at lower concentrations which were sufficient to kill extracellular organisms. With lower concentrations significant intracellular survival of gonococci occurred. PMID- 46449 TI - Functional role of cholesterol in infection and autoimmunity. AB - Cholesterol binds to streptolysin O and related bacterial toxins. In normal serum, only a fraction of the cholesterol attached to lipoprotein is available for binding, probably as a cholesterol-peptide complex formed during catabolic breakdown of the lipoprotein. Cholesterol esterase produced by certain organisms -e.g., Staphylococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas oeruginosa--augments this fraction both in vitro and in vivo. Endogenous esterase similarly increases the amount of cholesterol-peptide complex, a mechanism which may be activated as a feedback process following binding of toxin to the cholesterol component of the complex. These complexes will thus supply a readily available means of binding bacterial toxins before antibody formation begins; Cholesterol-peptide complexes, either alone or modified by binding to toxin, may function as autoantigens. It is postulated that immune complexes so formed may be involved in atherosclerosis either by directly damaging vessels walls or by cross-reaction of antibody with cell-membrane-bound lipoproteins which equilibrate with plasma-lipoproteins. PMID- 46450 TI - Assessment of lung function using an air-flow meter. PMID- 46452 TI - Editorial: The 36,000. PMID- 46451 TI - Editorial: Thymus hormones. PMID- 46453 TI - Editorial: Heads or nails. PMID- 46455 TI - Editorial: Nothing, neither way. PMID- 46454 TI - Editorial: Laboratory control of oral anticoagulants. PMID- 46456 TI - Editorial: Towards prevention. PMID- 46457 TI - Person-to-person spread of Salmonella typhimurium after a hospital common-source outbreak. AB - In September, 1973, diarrhoea caused by Salmonella typhimurium developed in 32 people in a Maine hospital. Both epidemiological and microbiological evidence indicated that raw egg beaten in milk ("egg-nog") was responsible for the infection. However, 6 patients and 8 employees had not had egg-nog, and their illness developed after the source of infection had been recognised and removed. Most of these people had had direct contact with an infected patient, and presumably acquired the infection by person-to-person spread. It is concluded that person-to-person spread of S. typhimurium can occur in hospitals and can be a hazard to patients and staff. PMID- 46458 TI - Pollution, noise, and mental health. AB - Though the adverse psychological effects of noise as an environmental pollutant are well recognised, much of the relevant work has been focused on the ambiguous concept of "annoyance". The relation between noise and mental ill-health calls for more direct investigation. In particular, the pronounced individual variation in reactions to noise requires elucidation. PMID- 46459 TI - The grass needs cutting. PMID- 46460 TI - Letter: Screening for disease. PMID- 46461 TI - Letter: Screening for hypertension. PMID- 46462 TI - Letter: Screening for phenylketonuria. PMID- 46463 TI - Letter: Universal periodic developmental assessment. PMID- 46464 TI - Letter: A variant of phenylketonuria. PMID- 46465 TI - Leter: The consultants' contract. PMID- 46466 TI - Letter: Closure of St. Wulstan's Hospital. PMID- 46467 TI - Letter: Effects of new N.H.S. contracts on recruitment. PMID- 46468 TI - Letter: Immunological approach to atherosclerosis. PMID- 46469 TI - Letter: Malignant melanoma arising de novo within a B.C.G. scarification site. PMID- 46471 TI - Letter: Methadone maintenance. PMID- 46470 TI - Letter: Arthralgia after high-dose steroids. PMID- 46472 TI - Letter: Lymphocytes in spleen in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 46473 TI - Letter: Iatrogenic hip disease. PMID- 46474 TI - Letter: Sex-chromosome abnormalities in husbands and wives. PMID- 46475 TI - Letter: Possible mosaic XXX-XXY marriage with abnormal offspring. PMID- 46476 TI - Letter: Practolol and sclerosing peritonitis. PMID- 46477 TI - Letter: Intravenous prostaglandins and oxytocin for mid-trimester abortion. PMID- 46479 TI - Letter: National dried milk. PMID- 46478 TI - Letter: Spontaneous cytotoxic activity as a test of human lymphocyte function. PMID- 46480 TI - Letter: Meningococcal infections. PMID- 46481 TI - Letter: Disinfectants and smallpox. PMID- 46482 TI - Letter: Treatment of allergy to cow's milk. PMID- 46483 TI - Letter: Gastric acid and duodenogastric reflux. PMID- 46484 TI - Letter: Phototherapy and hyperbilirubinaemia. PMID- 46485 TI - Letter: Therapy for acute diarrhoea. PMID- 46486 TI - Letter: Neglected coeliac disease. PMID- 46487 TI - Letter: Cancer, asthma, and cyclic A.M.P. PMID- 46488 TI - Letter: Risk of transfusing blood containing anti-HBS. PMID- 46489 TI - Letter: The pineal and neoplasia. PMID- 46490 TI - Letter: Treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. PMID- 46491 TI - Letter: Is prolactin involved in circadian rhythm of sodium excretion? PMID- 46492 TI - Letter: Dermal IgA deposits in Henoch-Schonlein purpura and Berger's nephritis. PMID- 46493 TI - Letter: Discrepancy between solution and bioavailability of digoxin tablets. PMID- 46494 TI - Letter: Hypokalaemia and digoxin-induced arrhythmias. PMID- 46495 TI - Letter: Multiple sclerosis. PMID- 46496 TI - Letter: Aggregation of human platelets by platelet-activating factor. PMID- 46497 TI - Letter: Aetiology of Jamaican neuropathy. PMID- 46498 TI - Letter: Hepanosticon in screening for HBsAg. PMID- 46499 TI - Letter: HBAg on liver-cell surface in viral hepatitis. PMID- 46500 TI - Letter: Discrepancy of slopes of alveolar plateau with bolus and resident-gas methods. PMID- 46501 TI - Letter: Dopamine and noradrenaline in human spinal cord. PMID- 46502 TI - Letter: 5-Fluorouracil and angina. PMID- 46504 TI - Cornelius Hugh Cullen. PMID- 46503 TI - Letter: Alpha-receptor-blocking drugs in bronchial asthma. PMID- 46505 TI - Letter: Amniotic fluid: visual assessment of fetal maturity. PMID- 46506 TI - Richard Benjamin Meyer. PMID- 46507 TI - Francis Donaldson Saner. PMID- 46508 TI - Frederick Samuel Gorrill. PMID- 46509 TI - Gervas Charles Wells-Cole. PMID- 46510 TI - Granulocyte transfusions in treatment of infections in patients with acute leukaemia and aplastic anaemia. AB - By use of the continuous-flow blood-cell separator 137 bags of granulocyte-rich plasma were obtained from normal donors (59 bags) and patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (C.G.L.) (78 bags). Eighty-nine courses of granulocyte transfusion therapy consisting of 1 or more such bags were administered to forty one ABO-compatible patients with acute leukaemia or aplastic anaemia, who had definite or probable infections that had failed to respond to antibiotics. The fever resolved after 67% of courses of transfusions of two or more bags but after only 24% of transfusions of single bags of granulocytes (p less than 0-01), and this result suggests that this form of treatment is in general effective. Granulocytes from C.G.L. and normal donors were equally effective, although transfusion reactions were commoner after C.G.L. cells (33% versus 12%, respectively, p less than 0-05). C.G.L. grafts, and probable graft-versus-host disease, occurred in three recipients of unirradiated C.G.L. cells. Recipients of normal cells whose fevers resolved received on average four times as many granulocytes per sq.m. as those fevers did not respond. No such difference was found when C.G.L. cells were used. The fever was more likely to resolve in recipients with established or clinically probable bacterial or fungal infections than in those with fever of uncertain cause. Fever was less likely to resolve in recipients with peripheral blood granulocyte counts before transfusion of greater than 1000 per mul. It is concluded that granulocyte transfusion therapy is a valuable advance in the management of infections in neutropenic patients. PMID- 46511 TI - Controlled trial of therapy in covert bacteriuria of childhood. AB - Sixty-three girls with covert bacteriuria were included in a controlled trial of therapy. Recurrent infection in the treated group was common and was not significantly different from the rate of persistent infection in the untreated control group. Two children in each group developed clinical pyelonephritis; the others have remained healthy and all of them have a normal rate of growth. 2 years after diagnosis three of the thirty-four children in the control group and one of twenty-six children in the treated group have radiological evidence of new scars of pyelonephritis. These changes were relatively minor and in both groups of children renal growth was similar to that in normal children. It is suggested that for most of these children therapy is not essential, and that when renal changes occur they are of little or no significance. Prescriptive screening for cobert bacteriuria of childhood cannot be recommended at present. PMID- 46512 TI - Thyrotoxicosis due to "silent" thyroiditis. AB - 3 patients (2 male, 1 female) presented with symptoms of thyrotoxicosis associated with elevated blood-levels of thyroid hormone and a markedly depressed thyroidal uptake of 131-I. The male patients (aged 59 and 47) each had a cardiac arrhythmia, but did not have any thyroid pain or swelling. The female with a goitre had no discomfort in the neck. Thyrotoxicosis factitia was excluded by history. The subsequent course of their disease was typical of subacute thyroiditis. The elevated thyroid-hormone levels spontaneously fell to normal over a few weeks. In 1 patient, however, chemical hypothyroidism developed. These patients could have been diagnosed as having hyperthyroidism, rather than subacute thyroiditis, since thyroid pain--and swelling in 2 of the cases--was absent. The correct diagnosis was suspected only after finding a thyroidal uptake of 131-I near zero. The thyroidal uptake of 131-I is still important as a routine diagnostic aid in thyroid disease. PMID- 46513 TI - Uracil-specific anti-R.N.A. antibodies in scleroderma. AB - Antibodies to single-stranded R.N.A. were found by counter immunoelectrophoresis in all of 40 sera from patients with scleroderma. These antibodies were specific to the uracil bases of R.N.A. Antibodies to R.N.A. were also found in 20 of 40 sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.), but in none of forty controls. Antibodies to R.N.A. found in S.L.E. sera could be differentiated immunochemically from those found in scleroderma in that they were more heterogeneous and could react selectively with either uridine or uridine monophosphate. Antibodies ot D.N.A. were more frequent in S.L.E. than in scleroderma. That antibodies to D.N.A. are actually present in scleroderma and precipitin lines are not the result of cross reactivity with anti-R.N.A. antibodies is indicated by the finding that 10 of the 18 scleroderma sera which reacted with D.N.A. also reacted with thymidine, a base present in D.N.A. but not in R.N.A. PMID- 46514 TI - Diogenes syndrome. A clinical study of gross neglect in old age. AB - A study of elderly patients (fourteen men, sixteen women) who were admitted to hospital with acute illness and extreme self-neglect revealed common features which might be called Diogenes syndrome. All had dirty, untidy homes and a filthy personal appearance about which they showed no shame. Hoarding of rubbish (syllogomania) was sometimes seen. All except two lived alone, but poverty and poor housing standards were not a serious problem. All were known to the social services departments and a third had persistently refused offers of help. An acute presentation with falls or collapse was common, and several physical diagnoses could be made. Multiple deficiency states were found--including iron, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, calcium and vitamin D, serum proteins and albumin, water, and potassium. The mortality, especially for women, was high (46%); most of the survivors responded well and were discharged. Half showed no evidence of psychiatric disorder and possessed higher than average intelligence. Many had led successful professional and business lives, with good family backgrounds and upbringing. Personality characteristics showed them to tend to be aloff, suspicious, emotionally labile, aggressive, group-dependent, and reality distorting individuals. It is suggested that this syndrome may be a reaction late in life to stress in a certain type of personality. PMID- 46515 TI - Abnormal organic acidurias in mentally retarded patients. AB - Urine specimens from 1778 mentally retarded patients and 420 age and sex matched non-retarded controls selected from a general practice have been analysed for non amino organic acids by a quantitative extraction and gas chromatographic method. The compounds were identified by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Approximately 5% of the patients had an abnormal organic aciduria. The frequency of abnormalities was slightly higher (about 7%) in a group of 248 severely subnormal children, but not in cases with a family history of mental retardation, retarded sibs, or whose parents were consanguineous. The most frequently observed abnormalities were phenylalanine metabolites in cases of phenylketonuria (about 1%), increased excretion of benzoic acid (about 1%), and increased excretion of 2-oxoglutaric acid with or without raised urinary citric acid levels (about 1%). The biochemical and clinical significance of these findings is being further investigated. PMID- 46516 TI - Reversible renal concentrating defect in shock. AB - The loss of renal concentrating power in haemorrhagic shock is reversible upon correction of the shock state. Shock resulting from acute hypovolaemia leads to the following sequence of events: (1) diminished renal blood-flow; (2) decreased superficial cortical nephron perfusion; (3) continued juxtamedullary nephron perfusion; (4) enhanced proximal reabsorption of Na, Cl, and H23; (5) decreased delivery of these ions to the ascending limb, which results in diminished hypertonicity of the medullary interstitium. This hypotonicity is worsened by the "washout" effect on the interstitial hypertonicity caused by continued perfusion of the juxtamedullary vasa recta which results in (6) diminished renal concentrating capacity due to elimination of medullary hypertonicity. Replenishing blood-loss and correcting the hypovolaemic state "regenerates" the hypertonic renal medullary interstitium by (a) diminishing proximal reabsorption and allowing presentation of greater quantities of Na and Cl to the ascending limb "pump", (b) restoring superficial cortical nephron perfusion, thereby decreasing juxtamedullary perfusion and in this manner eliminating medullary "washout". PMID- 46517 TI - Editorial: The treatment of bronchial carcinoma. PMID- 46518 TI - Editorial: Lassa fever. PMID- 46519 TI - Editorial: Granulocyte transfusions. PMID- 46520 TI - Editorial: Light on psoriasis. PMID- 46521 TI - Editorial: Hospital planning in Leeds. PMID- 46522 TI - Editorial: Neuroblastoma. PMID- 46523 TI - Editorial: As well as can be expected. PMID- 46524 TI - Influenza vaccination and mortality from bronchopneumonia in the elderly. AB - In a three-year influenza vaccination programme carried out among elderly patients these were found to have a lower haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody level and a poorer serological response to vaccination than younger persons in the same city. Although there was little difference in overall respiratory illness between the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups until the third year of observation, those who received vaccine showed a substantially smaller incidence of bronchopneumonia and a significantly lower mortality than those not so protected. The observations are believed to justify the giving of influenza vaccine in this age-group. PMID- 46525 TI - Tetanus in Haiti. AB - In 1958-72, 985 cases of tetanus (excluding tetanus of the newborn) were admitted to a hospital in Haiti. Mortality was 22%, and in later years (1966-72) mortality fell. During this period the dosage of tetanus antitoxin was lowered to 10,000 units and, for sedation, diazepam has satisfactorily replaced multiple-drug regimens used in earlier years. However, good nursing, including close attention to breathing, is probably the most important item in treatment. As a result of a programme of maternal immunisation, admissions for neonatal tetanus have fallen, and mortality for this condition has been reduced to 26%. PMID- 46526 TI - Haemodynamic setting of essential hypertension as a guide to management. PMID- 46527 TI - Letter: Levamisole. PMID- 46528 TI - Letter: V.I.P.s in hospital. PMID- 46529 TI - Letter: Treatment of maturity-onset diabetes. PMID- 46530 TI - Letter: Coalworker's pneumoconiosis and carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 46531 TI - Letter: Polyglycolic-acid suture material in skin closure. PMID- 46532 TI - Letter: Screening for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. PMID- 46533 TI - Letter: Plasma-potassium levels in leukaemia. PMID- 46535 TI - Letter: Leukaemia and lymphoma linked by prior social contact. PMID- 46534 TI - Letter: Neutropenia associated with metiamide. PMID- 46536 TI - Letter: White cells in alcoholism. PMID- 46537 TI - Letter: Populations of guineapig lymphocytes displayed by Nomarski microscopy. PMID- 46538 TI - Letter: Effect of penicillamine on peripheral-blood lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 46539 TI - Letter: Sudden death and sport. PMID- 46540 TI - Letter: Methysergide and myoclonus. PMID- 46541 TI - Letter: A splint for walking plaster. PMID- 46542 TI - Letter: Graft-versus-host atherosclerosis. PMID- 46543 TI - Letter: IgE serum-levels in cancer patients. PMID- 46544 TI - Letter: Immunoglobulin separation using Sephadex G-200. PMID- 46545 TI - Letter: Prednisone in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 46546 TI - Letter: Crohn's disease. PMID- 46547 TI - Letter: Mortality and water hardness. PMID- 46548 TI - Letter: Vagotomy. PMID- 46549 TI - Letter: Prostaglandins and asthma. PMID- 46550 TI - Letter: Clinical trials with vitamin C. PMID- 46551 TI - Letter: Oral bacterial vaccine and colds. PMID- 46552 TI - Letter: Pimozide in monosymptomatic psychosis. PMID- 46553 TI - Letter: Infectious mononucleosis, academic performance, and emotional stability. PMID- 46554 TI - Letter: Psychiatric illness after ovarian irradiation. PMID- 46555 TI - Letter: Lateral asymmetry and gonadal differentiation. PMID- 46556 TI - Letter: Blood and urinary nicotine in non-smokers. PMID- 46557 TI - Letter: Effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine on growth of hepatoma. PMID- 46558 TI - Letter: Motor-neurone disease in Israel. PMID- 46559 TI - Letter: Smallpox vaccination in infancy. PMID- 46560 TI - Letter: The future of National Dried Milk. PMID- 46561 TI - Letter: Effect of broxyquinoline and broxaldine in leprosy. PMID- 46562 TI - Letter: In-vitro minocycline activity against tetracycline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 46563 TI - Letter: Simplified procedure for field preparation of hair D.N.A. specimens. PMID- 46564 TI - Letter: Measuring cardiac contractility. PMID- 46565 TI - Letter: Chromosome damage after radiotherapy. PMID- 46566 TI - Limulus test in Escherichia coli enteritis. PMID- 46567 TI - Letter: Does T4 toxicosis exist? PMID- 46568 TI - Letter: Venous thrombosis in Africans. PMID- 46569 TI - Letter: Neonatal coagulation. PMID- 46570 TI - Letter: Cocaine, kindling, and reverse tolerance. PMID- 46571 TI - Letter: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and co-trimoxazole. PMID- 46572 TI - Letter: Neurotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 46573 TI - Letter: Naming viruses. PMID- 46574 TI - Letter: Antinuclear factor in pregnant women. PMID- 46575 TI - Letter: Pseudomembranous colitis associated with clindamycin. PMID- 46576 TI - Letter: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in the elderly. PMID- 46577 TI - Letter: Steroids and Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 46579 TI - John Hamilton Barclay. PMID- 46578 TI - Letter: Natural oestrogens and antithrombin-III levels. PMID- 46580 TI - Letter: Aplastic anaemia associated with lithium. PMID- 46581 TI - Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the ethmoid sinus. AB - A case of the alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma originating in the left ethmoid sinus was reported. Despite treatment by radical excision of the tumor, irradiation and chemotherapy, the patient died of generalized metastases of the tumor six months after surgery; however, no local recurrence of the tumor was found at an autopsy. The tumor was further studied by light and electron microscopic procedures. PMID- 46582 TI - A good CME program for your hospital. PMID- 46583 TI - [Some characteristics of protein metabolism in experimental diphyllobothriasis]. PMID- 46584 TI - Laboratory letter: Position paper. PMID- 46585 TI - [Gammaglobulin prophylaxis of infectious hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - When travelling in tropical areas and developing countries with deficient hygienic conditions, a distinctly greater risk of disease is observed with regard to infectious hepatitis. A prophylactic injection of gammaglobulin (5 ml i.m. for adults) for protection against diseases was found to be effective and expedient. A satisfactory protection can be assumed for a period of up to 4 months; after that, the prophylactic injection of gammaglobulin must be repeated in the same dosage, if there is a further risk of infection. It is strongly recommended that the prophylaxis be carried out at least for the first year of exposure to the risk, while later a gradual immunity possibly develops. Children should receive a reduced dose according to age. PMID- 46586 TI - Infection, anergy and cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 46587 TI - The genetic defect in galactosemia. PMID- 46588 TI - Letter: DIC-fibrinolysis with low antithrombin-heparin cofactor. PMID- 46589 TI - Thymus leukaemia antigen contains beta2-microglobulin. PMID- 46590 TI - Opsonin and leukophilic gamma-globulin in chronically splenectomised rats with and without heterotropic autotransplanted splenic tissue. PMID- 46591 TI - Lipopolysaccharide induces C-type virus in short term cultures of BALB/c spleen cells. PMID- 46592 TI - Rapid quantitation of membrane antigens. PMID- 46593 TI - Ir-gene control of immunogenicity of insulin and A-chain loop as a carrier determinant. PMID- 46594 TI - Different drugs arrest cells at a number of distinct stages in G2. PMID- 46595 TI - The beta2-microglobulin gene is on chromosome 15 and not in the HL-A region. PMID- 46596 TI - Evolutionary conservation of H-Y ('male') antigen. PMID- 46597 TI - The incidence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy in Alzheimer's disease. AB - The incidence and forms of cerebral amyloid angiopathy were studied in 15 cases of Alzheimer's disease using Congo red staining and polarization. Thirteen cases showed slight to severe involvement; two contained no amyloid vascular degeneration. There was a correlation between the presence of amyloid-rich plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (especially the plaque-like angiopathy) but no correlation with "amyloid-poor" senile plaques or Alzheimer's neurofibrillary degeneration. PMID- 46598 TI - [Current trends in radiation therapy]. AB - The discovery that Hodgkin's disease has a unicentric onset has enabled its prognosis to be modified. In its initial, uniregional stage, in fact, it can be cured by radiotherapy. A satisfactory result will only be obtained, however, if certain fundamental rules are followed: aggressive treatment with extensive radiation fields, radiation of adjacent lymphatic districts, prior splenectomy where necessary. PMID- 46599 TI - Hypophysectomy management. PMID- 46600 TI - Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test in pregnancy. AB - The use of the nitroblue tetrozolium (NRT) dye reduction test as a screening method for bacterial and fungal infections is now widely recognized. Levels have been reported to be falsely elevated in the pregnant state. This report includes a prospective study which showed that the results of this test in 124 pregnant women were indistinguishable from those of a normal control population. Seven of 8 elevated levels were attributable to infection or allergy. With this data, it is concluded that the NBT test can be used to screen for bacterial and fungal illnesses in a febrile pregnant patient as well as in the general population. PMID- 46601 TI - Letter: Staining in adenosis. PMID- 46602 TI - [The intensity of C-14-GLYCINE INCORPORATION INTO THE PROTEINS OF DIFFERENT ORGANS OF CHICKENS WITH COCCIDIOSIS CAUSED BY Eimeria tenella]. PMID- 46603 TI - Comprehensive nursing. PMID- 46604 TI - Creativity in action: strengthening medical-surgical nursing. PMID- 46605 TI - A medical-surgical patient assignment in psychiatric nursing. PMID- 46606 TI - The use of tutorial services and a self-study center. PMID- 46608 TI - Pre-and post-operative nursing care in tympanoplasty. PMID- 46607 TI - Innovative uses of audiovisual aids. PMID- 46609 TI - [Subtypes of hepatitis B antigen]. PMID- 46610 TI - [Advances in pulmonology. Cyclic AMP, GMP, prostaglandins and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 46611 TI - [Immunologic phenomena in some allergic diseases]. PMID- 46612 TI - [IgE and its clinical significance]. PMID- 46613 TI - [Procollagen (author's transl)]. PMID- 46614 TI - The proprioceptive body image in self-object differrentiation: a case of congenital indifference to pain and head-banging. PMID- 46615 TI - Mind-body-environment: toward understanding the impact of loss on psyche and soma. PMID- 46616 TI - [A case of suicidal poisoning with barium chloride - BaCl2 (author's transl)]. PMID- 46617 TI - [Determination of active substances of Gamacarbatox in potatoes]. PMID- 46618 TI - Partial amino acid sequence of rabbit beta2-microglobulin. AB - The amino acid sequence of the first 35 residues of a low-molecular-weight protein obtained from the urine of rabbits treated with sodium dichromate was determined and shown to be identical with human beta2-microglobulin in 30 positions. Rabbit beta2-microglobulin, like the human protein, is strikingly homologous to the constant regions of rabbit immunoglobulin G, particularly the CH3 region. PMID- 46619 TI - Batrachotoxin block of fast axoplasmic transport in mammalian nerve fibers. AB - Batrachotoxin (BTX) irreversibly blocks fast axoplasmic transport in nerve in concentrations as low as 0.2 micromolar. The action of BTX was studied in cat sciatic nerves in vitro by measuring the rate of the crest outflow after injection of the L7 dorsal root ganglion with [3-H]leucine. Tetrodotoxin, which in itself does not affect fast axoplasmic transport, inhibited the blocking action of BTX. Unlike the BTX block of nerve and muscle membrane excitability brought about through increased permeability to sodium ion, the BTX block of fast axoplasmic transport occurs with or without sodium ion in the medium. High concentrations of calcium ion protected against the blocking action of BTX, while magnesium ion did not. An action of BTX on the transport mechanism inside the fibers was indicated by the small reduction of adenosine triphosphate plus creatine phosphate, which in itself did not account for the block of axoplasmic transport. PMID- 46620 TI - Lipoteichoic acids: a new class of bacterial antigen. PMID- 46621 TI - Elevated salivary and synovial fluid beta2-microglobulin in Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Beta2-Microglobulin is normally present in low concentrations in serum and other bodily fluids. By use of a radioimmunoassay, elevated concentrations of beta2- microglobulin were found in saliva and synovial fluid from patients with Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune inflammatory diseases that attack and destroy the salivary glands and articular tissues, respectively. Elevated beta2-microglobulin concentrations decreased in the saliva of two patients who simultaneously showed a clinical response to systemic treatment. Measurement of beta2-microglobulin in inflammatory fluids may offer a simple method of quantifying local activity in autoimmune states. PMID- 46622 TI - Chemotherapeutic drugs increase killing of tumor cells by antibody and complement. AB - When the ascitic forms of two antigenically distinct guinea pig hepatomas induced by diethylnitrosamine are treated in vitro with chemotherapeutic drugs, their sensitivity to killing by xenogeneic antibody plus guinea pig complement increases. The effect is dependent on drug dose, is reversible, and does not appear to be due to increased antigen expression or fixation of the early acting components of guinea pig complement. PMID- 46623 TI - Immunohistochemical study of alpha-fetoprotein and serum albumin in the early postnatal period in mice. AB - The localization of the embryo-specific protein alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP) and serum albumin in the organs of mice in the first three weeks of life was studied. Using a reaction of immunofluorescence, alpha-FP was detected in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes. During the first three days of life it was contained in the overwhelming majority of the hepatocytes, but in different concentrations. Then the fluorescence intensity and number of cells containing alpha-FP decreased sharply, and by the seventh to 12th day such cells remained chiefly close to the central veins. In a simultaneous determination of alpha-FP and albumin in the liver, cells containing only alpha-FP, alpha-FP and albumin, and only albumin were detected. With increasing age of the animals, the number of the latter cells increased. On slices of other organs, alpha-FP, albumin, and transferrin were present in the same structures of gamma-globulin. PMID- 46624 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of severe central nervous system defect. Report of a successful case. AB - A case is presented in which the latest methods of antenatal diagnosis of central nervous system defect were successfully employed. The advantages and drawbacks of the technique are discussed. PMID- 46625 TI - [Out of 300 children in the social pediatric department 123 are unwanted: difficult to help children who have been rejected by their mothers]. PMID- 46626 TI - [Treatment of inflammatory diseases in the mouth and pharynx using Imposit]. PMID- 46627 TI - Immunologic measurement of antithrombin III-heparin cofactor and alpha2 macroglobulin in disseminated intravascular coagulation and hepatic failure coagulopathy. PMID- 46629 TI - [Cataract patients and their nursing care]. PMID- 46628 TI - [Group discussions and self-knowledge in the anesthesia section's study days]. PMID- 46630 TI - Simultaneous demonstration of lipids and starch in plant tissues. AB - A rapid and easy technique for the simultaneous demonstration of lipids and starch in the same histological section is described. Tissues are prepared by the classical fixing and Araldite M embedding techniques of electron microscopy. Semithin sections are directly stained for 1 hour at 60C with saturated Sudan black B in 70% ethanol without removing the embedding resin. Lipids stain black; starch is shown as white grains contrasting with the blue-grey embedding resin. PMID- 46631 TI - Use of peroxidatic-enzyme staining to enhance resolution of cultured mammalian cells under phase microscopy. AB - Staining of glutaraldehyde-fixed mammalian cells with peroxidatic enzymes (horseradish peroxidase or horse heart cytochrome c) greatly enhances resolution of their structure under phase microscopy. The topography of cell processes and regions of intercellular contact and overlapping is resolved precisely, even in dense cultures mounted in media which ordinarily do not permit clear demonstration of these areas. The technique is therefore a useful aid to the study of cultured cells with phase optics. Labeling depends on introducing free aldehydes into cells through the use of bifunctional fixatives such as glutaraldehyde. Acetone or formaldehyde fixation prevents staining, and labeling intensity is greatly diminished by pretreatment with spermine, a polyamine that reacts with glutaraldehyde. Electron microscopy reveals that peroxidase tags membranes preferentially; some areas are labeled smoothly, others in a punctate manner. Ribosomes are sharply contrasted, but nuclei remain unstained. Cytochrome c labels condensed nuclear chromatin intensely, and also stains ribosomes and portions of the cytoplasmic ground substance; membranes are mostly unmarked. PMID- 46632 TI - A simple polychrome stain for conventionally fixed Epon-embedded tissues. AB - The described technique, based upon a one-step Mallory-Heidenhain stain, can be applied as a routine stain for glutaraldehyde or OsO4 fixed, Epon embedded tissues of various organs. The technique consists of a short treatment of the sections with H2O2, a nuclear staining with celestine blue B and a final staining in a modified Cason's solution. The different tissue and cell components are displayed as follows: dark brown nuclei, yellow cytoplasm, red collagen fibers and blue elastic fibers. Intracytoplasmic components as glycogen and mucus are stained respectively blue and violet, whereas other inclusions such as leucocyte granules are colored orange to red. PMID- 46633 TI - Dichromatism of bromphenol blue, with an improvement in the mercuric bromphenol blue technic for protein. AB - Staining of protein in sections using the mercuric bromphenol blue technic is improved by staining with 1% HgCl2 and 0.05% bromphenol blue in 2% aqueous acetic acid for 15 min at room temperature. Rinse slides 20 min in 2 changes of 0.5% aqueous acetic acid. Blot and give 2 fast changes in absolute ethanol with agitation before transferring to xylene. Transfer slide to 0.5% n-butylamine in xylene for a few seconds until the section is blue, then, after 2 changes of xylene, mount in DPX. Spectrophotometric analysis of this blue dye at different concentrations and with or without heparin showed that the reddish hues are due to dichromatism and not metachromasia. PMID- 46634 TI - An acetylcholinesterase method for in toto staining of peripheral nerves. AB - Stomach, small intestine, uterus, urinary bladder, vagina, mesentery, mesometrium and joint capsule of rats, gall bladder, cystic duct and bile duct of dogs and uteri of young children are stained in toto. PROCEDURE: Tissue is perfused with saline containing hyaluronidase, then pinned on a flat layer of Paraplast and fixed for 24 hr in cold sucrose formol solution. Stomach, urinary bladder and gall bladder are also fixed in toto. Rinse for 2 days in cold 0.22 M sucrose in a sodium cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Incubate in medium consisting of 60 mM acetate buffer pH 5.0 or pH 5.6 (for human material only), 2 mM acetylthiocholine iodide, 15 mM Na citrate, 3 mM Cu sulphate, 0.5 mM K3Fe(CN)6, 5 times 10-4 M iso-OMPA, 1% Triton X 100 at 37C. Rinse in doubly distilled water. Dehydrate in glycerine/water mixtures of increasing glycerine content. Store in glycerine or delaminate under dissecting microscope. Delaminated specimens are mounted on gelatinized object glasses, cleared in xylene and coverslipped with Malinol. Specimens stored in glycerine can be studied microscopically. Stained specimens can also be embedded in Paraplast and sections can be studied after counterstaining. PMID- 46635 TI - Suppression of connective tissue impregnation in a silver technique for demonstrating nerve fibers. AB - A tissue pretreatment is introduced which effectively suppresses the silver impregnation of connective tissue and nonspecific background elements in peripheral nerve. The result is a selective impregnation of nerve fibers. The procedure utilizes fresh frozen sections and can be used with the Holmes (1947) or Bodian (1936) techniques. Fresh frozen sections are cut at 10 microns, mounted on slides and air dried for 5 minutes. They are fixed for 30 minutes in formol sublimate (10% formalin saturated with mercuric chloride) and then placed into 0.5% iodine in 70% alcohol for 5 minutes followed by bleaching in 2.5% sodium thiosulfate for 2 minutes. After washing in running tap water for 10 minutes and a brief rinse in distilled water, impregnation is accomplished by the Holmes (1947) or Bodian (1936) procedure beginning with the step containing the aqueous silver solution. The results show an absence of impregnation of connective tissue and nonspecific background. The technique is simple, rapid, and, by utilizing fresh frozen sections, can be used for other histological and histochemical purposes. Several experiments were done to determine the causes of the connective tissue and background suppression. The air drying step was omitted; the sections were fixed in formalin without mercuric chloride; and the formol-sublimate fixation time was increased. The results suggest that connective tissue impregnation is suppressed by the use of mercuric chloride in the fixative and that the background suppression is related to the short fixation time with formolsublimate. PMID- 46636 TI - The use of Herr four-and-a-half clearing fluid for the rapid microscopic examination of thick sections of normal and neoplastic tissues. AB - We have demonstrated that Herr's 4 1/2 clearing fluid, developed for use with plant tissues, can be successfully used for the microscopic examination of thick sections of normal and neoplastic mammalian tissues. Rat Novikoff hepatoma, rat liver, and human colon and skin samples were fixed in Bouin's, stained with iron hematoxylin, treated with Herr's 4 1/2 clearing fluid and examined by phase contrast microscopy. Tissue architecture and cytological detail were easily observed by focusing through tissue sections as thick as 70 mu. The method permits rapid microscopic examination of mammalian tissues and enables the investigator to detect readily morphological abnormalities within a tissue. PMID- 46637 TI - A staining method using acridine orange and auramine O for fungi and mycobacteria in bovine tissue. AB - A rapid staining method using auramine O and acridine orange (AOAO) is described for staining mycobacteria and fungi in paraffin sections of bovine tissues. One hundred seventy-seven tissue sections from specimens divided into two general groups on the basis of previous histopathology results were examined with a fluorscent microscope. Group I, a total of 77 sections, were from 47 mycobacterial and 30 fungal granulomas. Mycobacteria were found by the AOAO procedure in 44 of the 47 tissues previously diagnosed as positive for mycobacteria. All 30 fungal granulomas previously diagnosed using convential fungal stains were positive with the AOAO procedure. Group II consisted of sections prepared from 100 granulomas in which typical mycobacterial lesions were observed by histopathologic examination but in which no mycobacteria had been detected. Using the AOAO procedure, two of these 100 granulomas were found to contain mycobacteria and two were found to contain bacterial colonies. In the remaining 96 no etiologic agent could be demonstrated. PMID- 46638 TI - A technique for distinguishing between methylene violet and methylene violet Bernthsen. PMID- 46639 TI - Alcian blue-tartrazine; a simple differential stain for the fundic gland cells of mammalian stomach. PMID- 46640 TI - A simple slide holder for immunofluorescent staining. PMID- 46641 TI - HL-A haplotypes of 32 diseases. PMID- 46642 TI - MLC typing in juvenile diabetes mellitus and idiopathic Addison's disease. PMID- 46643 TI - Histocompatibility determinants in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 46644 TI - HL-A and disease associations--a survey. PMID- 46645 TI - Some contributions of the HL-A complex to the genetics of human diseases. PMID- 46646 TI - Disease predisposition, immune responsiveness and the fine structure of the HL-A supergene. A need for a reappraisal. PMID- 46647 TI - Letter: Cryosurgery for prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 46648 TI - Cerebral malformation in a Manx cat. PMID- 46649 TI - Cytological differentiation of asymptomatic pancreatic islet cell tumours in autopsy material. AB - In eleven cases thirteen pancreatic islet cell adenomas were found in autopsy material from 1366 adult cases. Ten of the adenomas were solitary, while 3 small adenomas were observed in a single case. Another four possible solitary adenomas were observed, but their identity was uncertain owing to marked fibrosis. All the adenomas contained A-2 (A)-1 cells but no B (B)-1 cells. Nine of them also contained A-1 (D)-1 cells. The majority of cells in the adenomas were A-2 cells or cells which did not stain with any of the techniques used. The 4 possible adenomas contained islet cells (A-1, A-2, B) in different proportions. With one exception the patients with adenomas and possible adenomas were 65 years of age or older, and in some of these cases adenomas or hyperplasias were also found in other endocrine organs. The frequency of gastroduodenal ulcers or scars in the cases with adenoma or possible adenoma did not differ notably from that found in the cases without pancreatic adenomas. Among the cases with pancreatic adenoma and possible adenoma there were 3 patients with maturity onset diabetes mellitus, but otherwise no clinical symptoms of endocrine disturbances were noted. PMID- 46650 TI - Lack of requirement of reverse transcriptase function for the activation of murine leukemia virus by halogenated pyrimidines. PMID- 46651 TI - A replication defective mutant of Rous sarcoma virus which fails to make a functional reverse transcriptase. PMID- 46652 TI - Reovirus genome RNA segments: resistance to S-1 nuclease. PMID- 46653 TI - [Serum desoxyribonuclease and hexokinase activity in mice exposed to urethane and certain pesticides]. PMID- 46654 TI - [Action of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene on the surface of fibroblast-like cells]. PMID- 46655 TI - HBs antigen in human plasma fractions. AB - Therapeutic fractions were obtained by fractionating human plasma containing HBs antigen, by the Cohn ethanol technique modified by Nitschmann. Plasmas with various HBs antigen titers were selected. The antigen was sought in each fraction by the techniques of counterelectrophoresis and radioimmunological detection in liquid phase. With the exception of very pure albumins, all fractions were found to contain the HBs antigen, though in variable proportions. A technique for the purification of albumin, applicable on an industrial scale, is proposed. It makes it possible to obtain an albumin fraction in which the HBs antigen cannot be detected by the most sensitive techniques, even starting with a plasma which is very rich in HBs antigen (titer 1/64 by counterelectrophoresis). PMID- 46656 TI - C3, GBG, orosomucoid and haptoglobin polymorphisms. Improved staining methods. AB - C3, GBG, and orosomucoid polymorphisms were electrophoresed in a high-voltage agarose method which permitted the typing of 15-20 samples. The increased sensitivity of the dye Coommassie blue was used to stain the protein, and yielded higher resolution than amido black. The typing of haptoglobin samples, was facilitated by devising a method which utilizes the peroxidase activity of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex with 90-tolidine and hydrogen peroxide as substrates and 4-chloro-1-naphthol as coupler. PMID- 46658 TI - [Treatment of disorders of digestion and absorption in children suffering from malnutrition]. PMID- 46659 TI - Diagnostic intraocular cytology. PMID- 46657 TI - Recent advances in the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem inflammatory disease having definite etiologic associations with ethnic, genetic, viral and immunologic factors. Its pathologic hallmark, vasculitis, is currently felt to be the end result of an immune-complex mechanism. Several clinical and serologic variants of SLE are recognized including discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) and drug-induced equivalents-such as procainamide-induced lupus (PIL). The distinguishing features of these variants as well as their prognosis and therapy are discussed in relation to recent developments in the immunopathogenesis of SLE. PMID- 46660 TI - Cytopathology of nipple discharge due to Pityrosporum orbiculare and cocci in an elderly woman. AB - A case has been described where cytologic examination first showed a fungus infection as the possible cause of a nipple discharge of long duration. The discharge was found to be associated with Pityrosporum orbiculare, Micrococcus tetragenes and Staphylococci (coagulase negative). Administration of an antibiotic that inhibited the bacteria cured the condition. PMID- 46661 TI - Slit-scan flow system for automated cytopathology. AB - A low resolution slit-scan flow system is described. Cells flow in solution through a thin "wall" of fluorescence excitation illumination where they are sequentially illuminated. Computer analysis of the resulting slit-scan contours provide a measure of cell diameter, nuclear diameter, nuclear to cell diameter ratio in percent, nuclear fluorescence, cytoplasmic fluorescence, and certain low resolution morphological information. The system, its potential, and remaining problems are discussed. PMID- 46662 TI - Computer discrimination of T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 46663 TI - A comparative study of the Papanicolaou staining method and the fat stain technique in malignant and non-malignant lesions of the urinary tract. AB - We have collected urine specimens from cases of malignant and nonmalignant lesions of the urinary system and have proceeded to a comparative study of these cases with their clinicopathologic findings after staining them with the Papanicolaou method and the fat stain method. It was found that the fat stain is not specific for renal cell carcinoma only. However, a combination of fat stain and Papanicolaou stain as a second check up of potential malignancy would be the best way of examination. PMID- 46664 TI - Evaluation of a Feulgen- type reaction in suspension using flow microfluorimetry and a cell separation technique. PMID- 46665 TI - Formation of cysteinyldopa from glutathionedopa in melanoma. AB - Glutathionedopa injected intravenously into mice is metabolized and excreted in the urine as a compound with the fluorescence characteristics of cysteinyldopa. Glutathionedopa incubated with a guinea-pig kidney homogenate is metabolized to a compound with the fluorescence characteristics of cysteinyldopa. Boiling of the kidney homogenate prevents the metabolism of glutathionedopa. Incubation of glutathionedopa with a homogenate of a melanoma metastasis led to the formation of a compound with the fluorescence characteristics of cysteinyldopa. Boiling of the melanoma homogenate prevented the metabolism of glutathionedopa. Large amounts of glutathione added to the incubate inhibited the reaction. Lung tissue and blood plasma had no detectable ability to metabolize glutathionedopa. The results show that human melanoma contains one or several enzymes capable of metabolizing glutathionedopa to a smaller dopathioether, probably cysteinyldopa. Such enzymes seem to be normally present in mice and guinea-pigs and have been demonstrated in the guinea-pig kidney. PMID- 46666 TI - The sebotrophic effect of pregnancy. AB - The sebum excretion rate (SER) in forehead skin was measured in late pregnancy and 8-20 weeks after delivery in 43 women. There was considerable individual variation but the mean SER during pregnancy was significantly higher than in a control group of non-pregnant women and it showed a large and significant decrease to the control level after delivery. This suggests that a powerful sebotrophic hormone is secreted during pregnancy. The mean SER during pregnancy in women with twins or triplets was no greater than the SER in women with a single foetus. This suggests that the sebotrophic factor of pregnancy is unlikely to be of placental origin, and is in keeping with the idea that the sebotrophic factor may come from the pituitary. PMID- 46667 TI - Immunological phenomena in harmless mice during experimental carcinogenesis induced with long-term topical application of 7, 12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA). AB - To estimate the influence of topical treatment with DMBA and induced tumors on delayed hypersensitivity, the response of spleen lymphocytes to PHA in vitro and macrophage migration inhibition with PHA were studied in DMBA-treated hairless mice. DNA synthesis and blastic transformation of cultured lymphocytes decreased after 6-12 weeks of DMBA application. Lymphocyte response to PHA gradually diminished during the experiment, as compared with control animals. Since the malignant transformation of skin tumors was not observed before 16 weeks of DMBA carcinogenesis, it seems that derangements in cellular immunity preceded the malignant proliferation. The increase in spleen weight and the absence of PHA induced inhibition of macrophage migration in hairless mice with malignant tumors may also be related to the influence of the tumor itself on the lymphatic system of experimental animals. PMID- 46668 TI - Epidermal surface saccharides reactive with phytohemagglutinins and pemphigus antigen. AB - Inorder to study the relationship between epidermal surface saccharides and pemphigus antigen(s), fluorescein-labelled Concanavalin A (Con A) and Phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) were used. These phytohemagglutinins were found to bind with the intercellular areas of human epidermis. Alpha-methyl-D-mannoside and alpha-methyl-D-glucoside inhibited the epidermal intercellular staining pattern produced by ConA-FITC, while N-acetyl-D-galactosamine blocked the same staining pattern produced by PHA-P-FITC. Normal human skin reacted with pemphigus antibody and pemphigus skin with the deposition of IgG both gave a positive intercellular staining pattern with fluorescein labelled phytohemagglutinins. Our data indicated the non-identity of the binding of Con A and PHA-P, and pemphigus antigen(s). PMID- 46669 TI - Immunofluorescence studies in herpes gestationis. AB - In 4 cases of H.G., direct junctional immunofluorescence findings showed an intense band of C3 present in the involved skin of the patients even after the active lesions had disappeard (i.e. 2 months later). Weak specific fluorescence for IgG and in one case also for IgA and IgM was seen in the involved skin. A less intense junctional band of C3 was also present in the uninvolved skin. Antibodies against basal membrane have not been detected in the sera of the patients. PMID- 46670 TI - Allergens in sesame oil contact dermatitis. AB - In 13 patients with contact allergy to sesame oil, studies were undertaken to elucidate the nature of the allergens. Sesamol, sesamin and sesamolin were identified in crude and purified (pharmaceutical) sesame oil. Patch tests showed 8 of the 13 patients to be positive to sesamol and 12 to sesamolin and sesamin. Patch tests with the pure substances on thin-layer sheets were inconclusive as to any difference between these substances. Group allergy to several substances related to sesamol could not be clearly demonstrated. PMID- 46671 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of acarus scabiei. AB - Details in the anatomy of sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis are described. Scanning electron microscopy is of help in illustrating this parasite which is commonly seen in clinical practice. The technique also provides the possibility to differentiate between various types of mite. PMID- 46672 TI - Cellular changes in the basaloid cell papilloma. AB - Electron microscopic analyses of basaloid cell papillomas of the solid and papillomatous types are reported. The submicroscopic organization is described. Some of the ultrastructural findings, e.g. an increased number of mitochondria, a certain mitochondrial polymorphismus, the occurrence of irregularly shaped intracytoplasmic vesicles, the abundance of endoplasmic reticulum hypertrophy and the remarkable presence of microtubule-like structures, an unusual finding in a material fixed at the temperature used, are indicating an altered metabolic activity. The alternating presence and absence of keratohyalin is found to be submicromorphologically related to the formation of A- respectively B-cells. This is compared with the formation of parakeratosis in psoriatic lesions without keratohyalin. A formation of orthokeratosis as seen by the light microscopical procedure seems possible without preceeding occurrence of keratohyalin. PMID- 46673 TI - 5-S-cysteinyldopa in the plasma of melanoma patients and the renal clearance of this amino acid. AB - 5-S-cysteinyldopa has been demonstrated in the plasma of two patients with metastases of malignant melanoma and a high excretion rate of 5-S-cysteinyldopa in the urine. In one patient the plasma clearance of 5-S-cysteinyl dopa was 30 ml/min and in the other 69 ml/min. These clearance values were 43 and 45%, respectively, of the creatinine clearance in the two patients. PMID- 46674 TI - Periodic acid methenamine silver (pam) staining of the human subcutaneous lymphatic vessel. AB - The fine structure of the subcutaneous lymphatic vessel taken from the dorsum pedis of the human adult was investigated without and after impregnation by periodic acid methenamine silver (PAM). To check the stainability of another tissue, the renal glomerulus of the rat was also examined in the same way as outlined above. The membrane system of various cells stains positive. No special surface coat of the endothelial cell of the lymphatic vessel was detected. The fine intracellular filament as well as a continuous basal lamina of the endothelial cell were almost PAM-negative, although a part of the basal lamina was occasionally weakly positive. The chemical composition of the basal lamina of the lymphatic vessel is considered to differ from that of the glomerular blood capillary of the kidney, which is PAM-positive. This difference is thought to be due to the smaller polysaccharide content in the former than in the latter. PMID- 46675 TI - Histological and histochemical investigations of lupus erythematosus in the skin and the oral mucosa. AB - Skin and oral lesions of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus from 6 patients have been investigated histologically and histochemically. Intra-individual comparisons between skin and oral lesions and intrasection comparisons between clinically affected and unaffected regions were performed. Enzyme histochemical recordings consisted of oxido-reductase and hydrolase activities. A high degree of correlation was noted in the intra-individual comparisons. The intrasection comparisons provided information concerning metabolic dynamics of the disease. The data obtained support the view that serious vascular changes are involved in the development of the changes in the overlying epithelium. The enzyme histochemical results agreed generally with histological data and proved to be a valuable diagnostic aid. PMID- 46676 TI - Friction blisters as a manifestation of pathomimia. AB - Self-inflicted skin lesions (pathomimia, artefacts) can be produced in a variety of ways, by the help of nails, razor blades, cigarettes, chemicals, etc. The present study reports three cases of pathomimia, in which the lesions consisted of vesicles or bullae producted by friction. Friction blisters can easily be produced in sites where the epidermis is both thick and firmly attached to the underlying tissues. The blisters have a characteristic histological appearance, which makes it possible to distinguish them from the blisters of different forms of vesicular and bullous diseases and from burn blisters which may also occur in pathomimia. PMID- 46677 TI - Excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa in the urine of healthy subjects. AB - Seventy-six Caucasians, 30 men and 46 women, were investigated for the 24-hour excretion of 5-S-cysteinyl dopa in the urine during the months of September to November, 1973. No subject had had strong sun exposure for at least 4 weeks prior. A preliminary finding of a variation of 5-S-cysteinyldopa with season necessitated this precaution. The excretion varied between 9.0 and 242 mug/24 hours. The mean value in men was 100 mug/24 hours and in women 77.8 mug/24 hours. Subjects with white hair had lower values than those with pigmented hair, but there was no other difference between the excreted amounts in subjects with differing hair colour. There was no variation with age when the subjects with white hair were excluded. No variation with weight or body surface was found. Excretion of dopa and dopamine determined together did not correlate with the excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa. PMID- 46678 TI - Surgical treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis in 123 patients. AB - 123 patients suffering from axillary hyperhidrosis have been operated on as outpatients under local anaesthesia, with radical ablation of sweat glands. All except 7 patients were satisfied with the result. There were few complications. A group of patients and controls were extensively studied including quantitative sweat testing and axillary biopsis. Apart from increased axillary sweating during the test, no differences could be found. The basic etiology of the condition is still unknown. PMID- 46679 TI - Nevus comedonicus. Report of three cases localized on glans penis. PMID- 46680 TI - Interaction of contraceptive progestins and related compounds with the oestrogen receptor. Part I: Effect on (3H)oestradiol distribution pattern in the ovariectomized rat. AB - The distribution pattern of oestradiol in ovariectomized rats as a function of time has been studied following intravenous adminstration of the tritiated hormone. Oestrogen specific binding with limited capacity was observed in the uterus, vagina, anterior pituitary, adrenals, preoptic area, hypothalamus, amygdala, septum and tractus diagonalis. Maximal uptake of oestradiol in the pituitary occurred within 5 min, in the uterus 60 min after injection, and remained almost unchanged at this level for more than two hours. The binding capacity per mg tissue decreased in the order pituitary, uterus, vagina, preoptic area, adrenals, hypothalamus, amygdala, spetum and tractus diagonalis. The hormone concentration in these tissues one hour after (3H)oestradiol injection was lowered by previous administration of ethinodiol, norethinodrel, lynestrenol and norethindrone, whereas medroxyprogesterone, chlormadinone, megestrol and methyllynestrenol had no effect. The same results were obtained, when instead of the steroid alcohols the corresponding acetate esters were administered. For norgestrel, oestrenol and nortestosterone the effect in the dose range studied was limited to the pituitary and preoptic area. For lynestrenol the inhibition of oestradiol binding in the target tissues was almost the same when the progestin was given 60 and 5 min before oestradiol, whereas in the case of administration 30 min after oestradiol no inhibition was observed. The reduction of oestrogen binding appeared to be dose-dependent, but the dose required to obtain a certain effect for the uterus was four times as high as for the pituitary. Discrepancies between previous studies and the implications of the present findings for the mechanism of action of ovulation inhibition by these progestins are discussed. PMID- 46681 TI - Interaction of contraceptive progestins and related compounds with the oestrogen receptor. Part II: Effect on (3H)oestradiol binding to the rat uterine receptor in vitro. AB - Incubation of the 105 000 times g supernatant of rat uterus homogenate with (3H)oestradiol resulted in an oestrogen specific binding of limited capacity to a macromolecule sedimenting in the 8-9S region after density gradient centrifugation. The contraceptive progestins of the 19-nortestosterone series were able to interfere with oestradiol binding in contrast to the hydroxyprogesterone derivatives chlormadinone, medroxyprogesterone and megestrol. The interaction appeared to be competitive. The strongest inhibition of oestradiol binding was observed in the presence of ethinodiol, followed by northinodrel, lynestrenol and norethindrone respectively. Norgestrel was almost inactive. Of the related structures tested oestrenol displayed more activity than norethindrone, nortestosterone and ethisterone were less active and 6alpha methyllynestrenol showed only border line activity. In comparison with norethinodrel and norethindrone, lynestrenol and oestrenol appeared in vitro to be stronger competitors for oestradiol than in vivo (Part I; Van Kordelaar et al. 1975). This may be due to the great difference in lipophilic character, which is reflected in the RM values of these compounds. From the results obtained it may be concluded, that the presence of a 17alpha-ethynyl substituent promotes receptor binding, whereas the introduction of methyl substituents in the position 6, 10 and 18 causes the opposite effect. The relationship between the various ring A structures and the affinity to the receptor is discussed. PMID- 46682 TI - A reassessment of the distribution of multiple sclerosis. Part one. AB - When reviewed some 10 years ago, available prevalence studies of multiple sclerosis (MS) seemed to divide the world into three frequency zones for MS: high prevalence at 30 to 60 per 100,000 population; medium at 5 to 15; and low at less than 5 per 100,000. In the last decade the number of the available studies has more than tripled. Their reassessment, including judgments of comparability, still indicates a high-medium-low division of MS frequency world-wide. The risk areas comprise northern Europe, northern United States, much of southern Canada, New Zealand, and probably southern Australia. Prevalence rates in these regions are mostly 30 to 80 per 100,000 population, centering at about 50. Medium frequency is defined as prevalence of 5 to 25, and is mostly 10 to 15. In Europe, the medium frequency zone bounds that of high frequency to the north, east, and south. The European Mediterranean basin is of medium prevalence with a sharp division from the high zone across France and Switzerland. It is likely that this division continues eastward across Austria, north of Hungary, and across the upper Ukraine to the Caspien Sea, but this is not definite. Medium risk areas of Europe thus include surveyed sites of Spain, Italy, Hungary, Jugoslavia, Bulgaria, and central Ukraine, together with southeastern France and southern Switzerland. Though Romania could be high, it is more likely to be of medium prevalence. Turkey measures low, but from incomplete data. From nationwide prevalence and mortality studies, the west coast of Norway and all Scandinavia above latitude 65 degrees north are of medium frequency. Based on hospital data, northwestern USSR is high, and central and southern USSR medium, in MS risk. Other medium risk areas include southern United States, most of Australia, one ethnic group only in South Africs, and possibly Hawaii. Low risk areas are allsurveyed sites of Asia, the Pacific islands, Africa, Latin America, Alaska, and Greenland. PMID- 46684 TI - Pseudo-exfoliation material on the anterior lens surface. Demonstration and examination of an interfibrillar ground substance. PMID- 46683 TI - The effect of norethindrone and some other synthetic gestagens upon the peripheral plasma levels of progesterone and estradiol during early, human pregnancy. PMID- 46685 TI - Protein diffusion barriers in the anterior uvea of the rabbit eye. PMID- 46686 TI - Revascularization of free pheripheral nerve grafts. An experimental study in the rabbit. PMID- 46687 TI - Treatment of tuberculosis. PMID- 46688 TI - Pseudomonas diseases. PMID- 46689 TI - Clinical applications of complement assays. PMID- 46691 TI - Tachyarrhythmias and transient cerebral ischemic attacks. PMID- 46690 TI - Clues to cancer risk: biologic markers. AB - Two large kindreds manifesting the "cancer family syndrome" have been studied. Genetic and biologic studies reveal markers which have important implications for cancer detection, control and prevention. Valuable markers may be found in the major histocompatibility system, HL-A. The presence of carcinoembryonic antigen and SV-40 viral transformation of skin fibroblasts are other possibly important markers. Relationships of the ABO blood groups to cancer are under intensive study, as is the hepatitis-associated antigen. PMID- 46692 TI - Morphological and histochemical studies on a PAS-positive granular leukocyte in blood and connective tissues of Catostomus commersonii Lacepede (teleostei:pisces). AB - This study was undertaken to identify an ubiquitous granular leukocyte found in Catostomus commersonni Lacepede. The cell contains large, numerous, strongly PAS positive cytoplasmic granules, an eccentric nucleus and prominent, persistent juxtanuclear space. It develops in the hemopoietic tissue of the kidney, and mature cells are found not only in kidney and peripheral blood but also in areas of connective tissue where mast cells are usually located. Electron microscopy confirms the presence of a large Golgi apparatus, unlamellated cytoplasmic granules and extensive rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Histochemical studies show that the cytoplasmic granules are alcianophobic, non-metachromatic and unstained by acridine orange. Histamine is detectable spectrophotometrically in kidney tissue, but the PAS-positive granular leukocyte does not consistently degranulate after treatment with histamine liberator 48/80. The authors suggest that while the PAS-positive granular leukocyte is not identical with classical basophils/mast cells, which are absent in C. commersonnii, it may represent an evolutionary precursor of these cells. PMID- 46693 TI - Preparation and standardization of perotidase-labeled anti-human IgG antibody for use in determination of serum antinuclear antibody levels. AB - Peroxidase-labeled antibody conjugates were prepared by a two-step conjugation procedure using glutaraldehyde. Immunoadsorbent-purified antibody and the gamma globulin fraction of sheep anti-human IgG antiserum were employed for these preparations, Procedures for the determination of the antibody and enzymatic activity, as well as the specificity of the enzy-e-antibody reactions, were outlined. Peroxidase-anti-human-IgG conjugates were prepared with approximately a 1:1 molar ratio of peroxidase to IgG, which demonstrated a loss of 10-15% of precipitating antibody activity. Standardization procedures for use of peroxidase labeled antibody in the indirect ANA test were established. The peroxidase labeled antibody in the indirect ANA test were established. The peroxidase antibody procedure was found to demonstrate a reproducible plateau endpoint which was comparable to that of the fluorescent antibody preparations. PMID- 46694 TI - The identification of lupus erythematosus cells. A comparison of supravital fluorochromation with a standard Wright's stain method. AB - A comparison of standard Wright's stained lupus erythematosus preparations and an acridine orange fluorochromatic method was conducted using 354 consecutive lupus erythematosus preparations involving 264 patients. The results of this comparison and a discussion of the fluorochromatic procedure are presented. PMID- 46695 TI - Limitations of the usefulness of the d-xylose absorption test. AB - The results of the conventional 5-hour d-xylose absorption test were surveyed in 38 subjects with disease of the jejunal mucosa, giardiasis or bacterial overgrowth, or no small-bowel disorder. The test was in error in 20-40% of cases, depending on the disease category, and the error for the entire group was 30%. We conclude that the test yields little guidance for diagnosis or therapy of clinical problems and is superfluous when a jejunal biopsy can be obtained. PMID- 46696 TI - Periodic acid-Schiff-light green stain to detect glomerular protein deposits by routine light microscopy. AB - A simple, easily reproducible periodic acid-Schiff-light green stain (PAS-LG) for the detection of glomerular protein deposits by routine light microscopy is described. The deposits are selectively stained a deep blue and contrast sharply with the staining of adjacent glomerular structures. Correlation with immunofluorescent and electron microscopy has shown that it is possible with this stain to categorize accurately a large variety of glomerular lesions by light microscopy alone. PMID- 46697 TI - Post-jejunoileal-bypass hepatic disease. Its similarity to alcoholic hepatic disease. AB - The authors studied serial hepatic biopsies of five patients who developed hepatic failure following jejunoileal bypass for extreme obesity, with autopsies of two. The hepatic histologic changes included centrilobular or focal alcoholic hyalin, intrasinusoidal collagenosis, fatty hydropic degeneration, and neutrophilic infiltrate. At least two of the patients were abstinent from alcohol, both prior to and after the surgical procedures. The others, after the bypass procedures, had reduced alcohol consumption from previous levels. All patients developed hepatic failure and histologically progressive hepatic disease with alcoholic hyalin and other changes indistinguishable from alcoholic hepatic disease in 21/2 to 5 months, in spite of hyperalimentation and re-establishment of intestinal continuity in four. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and ascites were prominent complaints. Four of the five patients died in hepatic failure. The authors conclude that these cases of progressive hepatic disease with histologic changes simulating those found in livers of alcoholic patients offer evidence that heavy alcohol consumption may affect the liver in an indirect fashion. PMID- 46698 TI - Immunologic and cytochemical properties of histiocytic and mixed histiocytic lymphocytic lymphomas. AB - Lymph nodes were biopsied from seven patients with the presumptive clinical diagnosis of lymphoma and studied for their ability to form spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (T cell marker), for surface immunoglobulins (B cell marker), for cytochemical reactivity with peroxidase, alpha-naphthyl acetate and butyrate esterases, naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase, acid phosphatase, periodic acid-Schiff, Sudan black B, and Wright-Giemsa on touch preparations, as well as in hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections. Lymph nodes from patients without hematologic malignancy served as control. Diagnoses of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma were made in five cases and diffuse mixed histiocytic lymphocytic lymphoma in 2 cases. The cytochemical staining of the lymphoma cells were typical of lymphoid cells rather than macrophages. In five cases neoplastic cells contained surface immunoglobulins, suggesting a B cell origin, and in one case a paucity of cell surface markers was found. Cells from uninvolved nodes of lymphoma patients could not be differentiated from those of the control group. PMID- 46699 TI - Acute lymphocytic leukemia with atypical cytochemical features. AB - In a series of 78 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia, seven were found to demonstrate blast cells staining strongly for both the periodic acid-Schiff reaction and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase. It is suggested that these features may represent a subclassification of acute lymphocytic leukemia or may be a marker for the leukemic phase of lymphoma. PMID- 46700 TI - Letter: Substitute for benzidine in myeloperoxidase stains. PMID- 46701 TI - Genetic aspects of diseases of complement: an explosion. PMID- 46702 TI - Gamma globulin complexes in rheumatoid pericardial fluid. AB - Cardiac tamponade due to pericarditis occurred in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Aspiration afforded us an opportunity to expand the characterization of pericardial fluid. Elevated acid phosphatase levels, decreased whole hemolytic complement and gamma globulin complexes similar to those found in rheumatoid synovial fluid were noted, supporting the concept of a unitary nature of inflammation in rheumatoid disease. PMID- 46703 TI - Incidence and description of accelerated ventricular rhythm complicating acute myocardial infarction. AB - One hundred and nineteen episodes of accelerated ventricular rhythm (less than 125/min) were noted in 37 patinets with acute myocardial infarction during a 1 year period. The incidence was 12.7 per cent. Twenty-seven episodes of fast ventricular tachycardia (less than 125/min) were noted in 16 of these patients. Eighteen patients had anterior myocardial infarction and 19 inferior myocardial infarction. The mechanism of onset of accelerated ventricular rhythm was classified as escape in 65 episodes. Ventricular premature beats were noted close to episodes of accelerated ventricular rhythm in 31 patients and fast ventricular tachycardia in 14 patients. The morphology of accelerated ventricular rhythm was similar to the ventricular premature beats in 27 patients and similar to the fast ventricular tachycardia in 12. In 11 patinets the morphology of ventricular premature beats, accelerated ventricular rhythm and fast ventricular tachycardia were all the same. In six patients the coupling time of the ventricular premature beats and the onset of the accelerated ventricular rhythm were the same. In seven patients the morphology of the accelerated ventricular rhythm and fast ventricular tachycardia were the same, and the rate of the accelerated ventricular rhythm was exactly half that of the fast ventricular tachycardia. There were three deaths due to shock and heart failure. Three episodes of fast ventricular tachycardia progressed to ventricular fibrillation and were successfully cardioverted. It is concluded that accelerated ventricular rhythm and fast ventricular tachycardia were all the same. In six patients the coupling time of the ventricular premature beats and the onset of the accelerated ventricular rhythm were the same. In seven patients the morphology of the accelerated ventricular rhythm and fast ventricular tachycardia were the same, and the rate of the accelerated ventricular rhythm was exactly half that of the fast ventricular tachycardia. There were three deaths due to shock and heart failure. Three episodes of fast ventricular tachycardia progressed to ventricular fibrillation and were successfully cardioverted. It is concluded that accelerated ventricular rhythm is a relatively common complication of both anterior and inferior myocardial infarction. The high incidence of concomitant fast ventricular tachycardia, the frequency of ventricular premature beats with similar morphology and coupling time, and the instances of two arrhythmias having common rate multiples, suggest that at least in some instances accelerated ventricular rhythm may represent an ectopic focus with exit block. PMID- 46704 TI - Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hyperglucagonemia associated with an islet cell carcinoma. AB - A 53 year old woman presented with diabetes mellitus, hyperglucagonemia (600 to 1,500 pg/ml), clinical hyperparathyroidism and an abdominal mass diagnosed on biopsy as an islet cell carcinoma. Glucagon content of the tumor was 0.78 mug/g wet weight. Hourly blood samples during a 24 hour period revealed a direct correlation between plasma glucose and glucagon. The oral administration of glucose paradoxically increased whereas the intravenous administration decreased plasma glucagon. Circulating glucagon levels were markedly increased with arginine and epinephrine infusion. Both short- and long-term administration of alpha adrenergic blockade depressed the glucagon response to epinephrine infusion. In contrast, long-term alpha adrenergic blockade increased glucagon secretion despite improved glucose tolerance during a second 24 hour study. Although the patient demonstrated overt clinical and chemical findings of hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid hormone (PTH) was not detected in her plasma. The pattern of tumor growth was consistent with an origin from pancreatic islets. We conclude that (1) the tumor was responsive to physiologic stimuli known to affect glucagon secretion; (2) elevations of plasma glucagon levels with oral and dietary glucose suggest regulation of secretion by intestinal factors; and (3) improvement of glucose tolerance with alpha adrenergic blockade may be related to increased insulin secretion. PMID- 46706 TI - Developing slide tape units for medical technology. PMID- 46705 TI - Nephropathy associated with sickle cell anemia: an autologous immune complex nephritis. I. Studies on nature of glomerular-bound antibody and antigen identification in a patient with sickle cell disease and immune deposit glomerulonephritis. AB - The nature of the glomerular-bound antibody and the putative antigen was investigated in one of the patients with sickle cell disease and immune deposit membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis by immunohistologic and glomerular antibody elution. Renal proximal tubular epithelial antigen was localized in association with immunoglobulins G (IgG), M (IgM), Clq fraction of the first component of complement (Clq) and the third component of complement (C3) in a granular pattern along the glomerular basement membrane of the patient's kidney. IgG and IgM were eluted from glomeruli. These immunoglobulins fixed to the proximal tubules of normal human kidney by direct immunofluorescence. This localization was abolished by absorption of the eluted immunoglobulins with renal tubular epithelial (RTE) antigen. The IgG eluted from the glomeruli blocked the fixation of rabbit anti-RTE antigen to normal proximal tubular brush border. These studies suggest that the nephritis in this patient was due to deposition of complexes or RTE antigen and specific antibody. An autologous immune complex nephritis may develop in some patients with sickle cell anemia secondary to RTE antigen released possibly after renal ischemia or some other phenomenon causing renal tubular damage. PMID- 46708 TI - Colonoscopy: the nurse's role. PMID- 46707 TI - A comparison of the Murphy-Pattee and the Seligson methods for serum thyroxine. AB - We compared two methods for serum thyroxine measurement by competitive protein binding - the Murphy and Pattee and the Seligson and Seligson methods. We found the Seligson and Seligson method, which requires less sample volume and analysis time, to be the method of choice on the basis of sensitivity, extraction efficiency, precision, and accuracy. Standard plots of time/10,000 counts versus thyroxine concentration are linear to 20 ug/dl, extraction efficiency is 99.6 per cent, within-day S.D. plus or minus 0.28 ug/dl, and 98.3 per cent of added thyroxine is recovered in the Seligson and Seligson method. The Seligson and Seligson method is superior to the Murphy and Pattee method with respect to all these parameters. The methods were also compared with correlation and normal value studies. PMID- 46709 TI - An electron microscopic study of fetal capillary basal laminas of "normal" human term placentas. AB - Electron microscopic examination of terminal (free-floating) villi of definable normal human term placentas emphasizes the variable fine structural appearance of the fetal capillary basal lamina (FL). The FL assumes both a unilaminar and multilamellar configuration in each placenta examined; the multilamellar portions are usually composed of individual layers which tend to branch and anastomose. The constant indentification of collagen fibrillar profiles between these electron-dense layers argues against the notion that the multilamellar portions of the FL arise via a simple splitting or disaggregation of pre-existing unilaminar FL's. PMID- 46710 TI - Effects of human chorionic gonadotropin preparations on complement in vitro. AB - The effects on complement in vitro by several commercial preparation of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were investigated. These preparations were demonstrably anticomplementary and produced marked conversion of the third component of complement (C'3). However, detailed analyses showed that the anticomplementary activity was because of the presence of immunoglobulins in the HCG preparations. In view of the known modifying effects of C'3-reactive agents on skin allograft survival and of antigen-antibody complexes on lymphocyte transformation, it may be necessary to reconsider previous work on the immunosuppressive effects of HCG preparations. PMID- 46711 TI - Primary hepatic malignancy in pregnant women. AB - Three women dying from hepatic carcinoma during pregnancy are presented. One of these women with a hepatocellular carcinoma and alpha fetoprotein in the serum and antibody to hepatitis B antigen. A fourth patient died 2 months post partum with a cholangiocarcinoma. A false positive pregnancy test suggested that she had metastatic choriocarcinoma in the liver, and a panhysterectomy was performed. The clinical diagnosis with the use of alpha fetoprotein and chorionic gonadotropin for detection of hepatoma and the etiopathogenesis of primary hepatic malignancy in pregnancy are discussed. PMID- 46712 TI - Endometrial morphology in women exposed to uterine systems releasing progesterone. AB - A blind study was done in 402 endometrial biopsies of women who had intrauterine devices releasing different daily amounts of progesterone or a placebo (empty device): 175 were obtained in what presumably was the proliferative phase and 227 in the secretory stage, as all these subjects were normal, healthy women with a history of previous fertility. With all dose levels of the progesterone-releasing devices there was variation of the endometrium general pattern and the over-all picture varied from normal secretory to suppressed endometrium. In addition to these changes of the endometrial pattern, in 231 specimens there was significant inflammatory infiltration and in six cases even plasma cells were seen. Predecidual reaction was frequently seen and in 45 cases it was diffuse and marked. The significance of these data is discussed on the grounds of the frequent similarities of the changes here reported with those in women using combined oral steroids for contraception. PMID- 46714 TI - Prediction of fetal outcome in threatened abortion by maternal serum placental lactogen and alpha fetoprotein. AB - Abnormally low human placental lactogen (HPL) or high alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels in maternal serum are unfavorable prognostic signs in women with threatened abortion but normal levels cannot be used to discriminate between viable and nonviable pregnancies. Out of 112 women with threatened abortion, 69 aborted; of these, 36 had a low HPL level and they all aborted. Five women had an increased AFP concentration. Four of these aborted and the remaining case was a twin pregnancy in which one fetus died and the other survived. HPL and AFP levels provide complementary information as to the fetal outcome in threatened abortion. This was indicated by a normal HPL level in all of the five cases with raised maternal AFP, and by a normal AFP level in 35 of the 36 women with low maternal HPL. PMID- 46713 TI - Antibodies against spermatozoa in infertile women with poorly invading spermatozoa on postcoital tests. AB - Sixty-four women with poorly invading spermatozoa on postcoital tests (PCT's) were investigated for serum spermatozoal antibodies by the immunofluorescent technique. Control groups tested were women with explained infertility but normal PCT's, normal pregnant women, and normal previously pregnant women. A positive immunofluorescent test was obtained in 19 of 64 women with abnormal PCT's compared with 26 of 51 patients with explained infertility, including 11 of 13 who had well-identified gynecological disorders, 12 of 61 pregnant women, and one of 59 previously pregnant normal women. High titers (larger than or equal to 1/200) were found in a few patients in all groups except normal nonpregnant women. In no patient was evidence of complement fixation found. The immunofluorescent test, as carried out here, is therefore of little value in discriminating a group of patients in whom immunologic abnormalities are the primary cause of the infertility. PMID- 46715 TI - Changes in the ratio between serum and "specific" levels of human chorionic gonadotropin in different trimesters of pregnancy. AB - Sixty-one sera from different trimesters of pregnancy were analyzed by two 125-I NIH-HCG assay systems, employing anti-intact HCG serum and anti theta-HCG serum, respectively. The ratios of the levels measured in the two assay systems changed with the duration of pregnancy. The ratios during trimesters 1,2, and 3 were 2.94, 1.99, and 2.37, respectively. The cross-reactivity of proteohormones other than HCG was tested in both the assay systems. The two assay systems could be comparable in their high degree of specificity. However, the relative affinities of intact HCG and theta-HCG in the two assay systems were observed to be different. It was suggested that the significant differences in the ratios of the levels measured by the tow assay systems might have been infulenced by the occurrence of theta-HCG in serum and that the levels of the subunit must have changed at different stages of pregnancy. PMID- 46716 TI - Monitor of chemotherapy in gestational trophoblastic neoplasm by radioimmunoassay of the beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - Radioimmunoassays and bioassays based on the reactions of the native molecule of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) fail to differentiate HCG from pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH). An assay based on the beta-subunit of HCG which detects HCG exclusively has been used in our laboratory to monitor patients undergoing chemotherapy for gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). We have been able to differentiate minimal, persisting tumor activity from normal levels of pituitary gonadotropins and have based therapy on these findings. Alternatively, treatment has been terminated when HCG is no longer detectable in the serum. Tumor activity has been detected in the beta-subunit assay at a time when biologic activity in the urine indicated remission. PMID- 46717 TI - Educational methodology in an obstetric and gynecologic medical school curriculum: a comparison of self-instructional with traditional methods. AB - Five successive groups of third-year medical students were identically tested on the subject "diagnosis of early pregnancy" at the end of their course in obstetrics and gynecology. The first group served as control, receiving no specific instruction on the subject. The next four groups did receive instruction on the subject and in the following ways: tape-slide program, lecture, instructional objectives alone, and instructional objectives plus the same tape slide program. The average examination scores with S. D. were 40 plus or minus 11, 68 plus or minus 15, 48 plus or minus 17, 42 plus or minus 14, and 83 plus or minus 20 respectively. Analysis of these results reveals that the tape-slide program produced significantly better scores than an identical lecture or the objectives alone, but that accompanying the tape-slide program with the objectives maximized learning. Ramifications and causes of these findings are discussed in detail. PMID- 46718 TI - Myocardial conduction defects in association with compression of the umbilical cord. Experimental observations on fetal baboons. AB - Experiments have been performed in 16 pregnant baboons to study in greater detail the fetal hemodynamics, heart rate, and acid-base changes during occlusion of the umbilical cord. A total of 32 observations were made during which the umbilical cord was completely occluded with the fetus intact in utero; 11 were made after the intravenous administration of atropine, 0.01 to 0.02 mg. per kilogram, to fetus. Various degrees of conduction defects occurred in 17 of 21 observations before atropine. Complete atrioventricular block with extrasystoles was seen six times. Upon release of cord occlusion, there was a rapid recovery of myocardial conduction. Atropine prevented myocardial conduction defects; bradycardia was less and the onset was delayed. These observations suggest that myocardial conduction defects which occur during the course of cord occlusion are due to parasynpathetic stimulation. They could also be due to an increased sensitivity of the fetal myocardium to acetylcholine under hypoxic conditions. No recommendation can be made at the present time with regard to the administration of atropine to the fetus when cord compression is suspected on clinical grounds. PMID- 46719 TI - Salzmann's nodular degeneration of the cornea. AB - Eleven corneal specimens from nine patients with Salzmann's nodular degeneration of the cornea, together with all available clinical information, were collected for this study. The specimens were examined by light and electron microscopy. An antecedent keratitis was diagnosed by history and microscopic findings in every case. The corneal epithelium showed degenerative changes, its thickness varied, and in nodular areas it often consisted of only a single layer of flattened epithelial cells by light microscopy. Bowman's membrane was missing over the nodules, and in this zone there was excessive secretion of a basement membrane like material. Hyaline degeneration of collagen, cellular debris, and electron dense hyaline deposits were seen in the collagen of the nodules. The number of fibrocytes in the nodules varied from many that were active to a few that were degenerating. External irritation because of poor epithelial protection was interpreted as a causative factor, although other tissue repair mechanisms may also have played a role. PMID- 46720 TI - Krukenberg's spindles. AB - Forty-three patients who initially presented with Krikenberg's spindles but with no glaucomatous field defects were observed for an average of 5.8 years in an attempt to evaluate the prognostic implication of spindle presence. Twenty-two of the patients had been followed for a minimum of five years. Analysis of the study population revealed that there were more women than men, (26 vs. 17), the women were older than the men, and more women had positive glucose tolerance tests (25% vs. 0). Only two of the patients, both women, developed glaucomatous field defects during the period of observation. Thus, the presence of a Krukenberg's spindle in a patient with no visual field defect is not a particularly ominous sign. PMID- 46721 TI - Subconjunctival and episcleral lipid globules. AB - Asymptomatic peripheral subconjunctival and episcleral clear, round globules, 30 to 50 mu in diameter, were found in more than 50% of patients over 50 years of age. This entity occurred in two basic patterns, adjacent to deep conjunctival or episcleral blood vessels or less commonly in isolated patches. These globules increased linearly with age, were more common in women and blacks, with a peak incidence in blacks during the fourth, and in whites, the sixth decade. Histologically, the globules were connective tissue fat cells identical to those found in orbital fat. This entity is not related to obesity, but has a clear relationship to increasing age. The clinical importance of these cells is unknown. PMID- 46722 TI - Genetic studies in the Markham Valley, northeastern Papua New Guinea: gamma globulin (Gm and Inv), group specific component (Gc) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) typing. AB - Genetic studies in the Markham Valley, northeastern Papua New Guinea; Gamma globulin (Gm and Inv), group specific component (Gc) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) typing. M. S. Schanfield, Eugene Giles and H. Gershowitz, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104. Immunoglobulin allotyping was carried out on 680 serum samples from inhabitants of the Markham Valley, Papua New Guinea (seven villages speaking the same Melanesian [PAP] speaking village). Family and population data verified the presence of Gm-ag, G ab and Gm-afb among the MN speakers and Gm-ag, Gm-axg, Gm-ab and Gm-afb among the PAP speakers. The frequency of Gm-ag was between 0.048 and 0.235, while the frequency of Gm-ab was between 0.427 and 0.627 and the frequency of Gm-afb ranged between 0.261 and 0.424 among the seven MN villages; the single PAP village had frequencies of 0.568, 0.160, 0.213 and 0.059 for Gm-ag, Gm-axg, Gm-ab and Gm-afb respectively. The frequency of Inv1 ranged between 0.034 and 0.095 in the MN villages and 0.014 in the PAP village. The rare occurrence of Gm(x) without Gm(g) was explained by the presence of a Gm-axfb haplotype, while in two PAP families the presence of Gm(x) without Gm(g) was explained by the abnormally weak expression of Gm(g) in a Gm-axg haplotype. A total of 654 sera were typed for Gc, with the seven MN villages ranging between 0.350 and 0.650 for Gc-1, 0.312 and 0.575 for Gc-2 and between 0.017 and 0.112 for Gc-Ab; the single PAP village had a value of 0.627 for Gc-1, 0.165 for Gc-2 and 0.208 for Gc-Ab. A total of 693 sera were tested for ceruloplasmin type. All showed the common Cp(b) phenotype. PMID- 46723 TI - Alpha-M-fetoprotein in serum of rats after experimental manipulation in the oral cavity. AB - Alpha-M-fetoprotein (AMFP) was detected in the serum of rats subjected to intraoral manipulations, i.e., instillations into the parotid gland and injections into the gingival mucosa of saline or foreign proteins. The identity of AMFP with acute-phase protein is pointed out. PMID- 46725 TI - [Signs of allergic rhinitis]. PMID- 46724 TI - The roentgenographic and clinical findings in Whipple's disease. A review of 8 patients. AB - Out of 8 patients with Whipple's disease, 7 had roentgenographic findings consisting of slight dilatation of the small bowel, with thickening of the mucosal folds. The eighth patient had no abnormality on roentgenographic study. This series represents the first in which the roentgenographic changes have been quantitatively assessed. Confirmation of the diagnosis by biopsy is important because antibiotic treatment results in marked improvement both clinically and roentgenographically. PMID- 46726 TI - Cellular and regional localization of pentobarbital-2-14C by radioautography of selected areas of mouse brain at loss and return of withdrawal response. AB - Regional and cellular distribution of pentobarbital-14C in mouse brain was determined by frozen-section radioautographic methods. The mice were studied at the times of loss (WRL) and return (WRR) of withdrawal response following a single intravenous dose of either 40 or 50 mg/kg body weight. At WRL, grey matter areas had higher concentrations of pentobarbital-2-14C than white matter. At WRR grey matter concentrations were not altered, but white matter areas were now similar to the grey. At WRL pentobarbital concentration was 55 per cent higher in large pyramidal cells in the parietal cortex than in surrounding neuropil. At WRL hippocampal pyramidal cell bodies (stratum pyramidalis) and glial cells in corpus callosum had pentobarbital levels similar to that of surrounding neuropil. Levels in the neuropil of these three areas were higher at WRR than at WRL. Lipid-rich compartments had higher pentobarbital concentrations at WRR than at WRL. The results suggest that return of consciousness after pentobarbital anesthesia is associated with intracerebral redistribution of pentobarbital even while there is continuing uptake into brain. (Key words: Brain, pentobarbital uptake; hypnotics, barbiturates, pentobarbital; pharmacokinetics, pentobarbital uptake.). PMID- 46727 TI - Letter: Histamine, d-tubocurarine, and CSF pressure. PMID- 46728 TI - Clinical studies of Norpace (Part X). PMID- 46729 TI - Clinical studies of Norpace (Part XI). PMID- 46730 TI - Repeated oral administration of coumaphos in sheep: interactions of coumaphos with bishydroxycoumarin, trichlorfon, and phenobarbital sodium. AB - Interactions between treatments with coumaphos, bishydroxycoumarin (an anticoagulane), trichlorfon (an organophosphorous compound), and phenobarbital sodium (an inducer of microsomal enzymes) were investigated in sheep. A daily dose of 2 mg of coumaphos/kg of body weight for 6 days did not affect the plasma enzymes or the antiprothrombinemic effect of bishydroxy-coumarin in wethers. The treatment of ewes with an intravenous (IV) injection of trichlorfon, insufficient to produce significant inhibition of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, appeared to produce additive effects with those produced by subsequent treatment with 4 mg of coumaphos/kg/day. In ewes given 40 mg of phenobarbital sodium/kg for 5 days intraperitoneally (IP), the anticholinesterase effect of 4 mg of coumaphos/kg was significantly reduced and signs of toxicity were not present. Treatment with daily doses of 2 mg of coumaphos/kg for 6 days did not modify the anticholinesterase effect of a 2nd series of treatments given 6 weeks later. PMID- 46731 TI - Inherited C2 deficiency and systemic lupus erythematosus: studies on a family. AB - A patient is described in which an inherited defect in the synthesis of C2 complement component coexisted with the disease systemic lupus erythematosus. The family studies show evidence of the autosomal recessive nature of the inheritance of the C2 synthesis defect. Of particular interest was the finding of a great aunt who also had homozygous C2 deficiency. This great-aunt suffered from discoid lupus erythematosus as well. The occurrence of various autoantibodies in the serum from the family members, the typing for blood groups, HL-A antigens, and some serum protein markers are reported and discussed. The C2 deficiency may be a critical defect in the host defenses to infection that predisposed to the development of autoimmune disease. PMID- 46732 TI - Effect of microwaves on cell function and virus replication in cell cultures irradiated in vitro. PMID- 46733 TI - Effect of 10-cm (3 GHz) electromagnetic radiation (microwaves) on granulocytes in vitro. PMID- 46734 TI - Neural function and behavior: defining the relationship. PMID- 46735 TI - Surgery for the morbidly obese. PMID- 46737 TI - Intensive program gains new graduates for OR. PMID- 46736 TI - Ten-week course affords instruction for complete care. PMID- 46738 TI - Central objective is to understand patient's experience. PMID- 46739 TI - Affinity of cellular constituents of two bacteria for fluorescent brighteners. AB - Two fluorescent brighteners were used to stain an isolate of Bacillus cereus var. mycoides and soil pseudomonad. The stained organisms were fractionated by two procedures to determine which cellular constituents were reacting with the brighteners. Both fractionation procedures provided evidence that the brighteners were adsorbed to proteins within the cells. Microscopy examination of ghost cells of the bacillus showed that cell walls were not being stained. Spheroplasts of the bacillus and the pseudomonad were stained by the brighteners. PMID- 46740 TI - Absent left innominate vein: sign of persistent left superior vena cava. PMID- 46741 TI - Editorial: "Correction" of congenital heart disease. PMID- 46742 TI - Editorial: Orthoterminal correction of congenital cardiovascular defects. PMID- 46743 TI - Letter: Palliative and reparative procedures for transposition of the great arteries. PMID- 46744 TI - [The cell wall of Coelastrum (Chlorophycees)]. AB - The cell wall of Coelastrum is usually composed of three layers. The outermost layer was studied most extensively. It consists of erect tubules which often bear long bristles whose function may be to stabilize the algae in its enviroment. The cell wall can modify its morphology according to the enviroment. PMID- 46745 TI - Biological properties of three spontaneous mutants of Sindbis virus. PMID- 46746 TI - Bilateral adrenalectomy for metastatic breast carcinoma. AB - Ninety-five patients who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for metastatic breast carcinoma are reviewed. An objective remission of tumor was observed in 66% of the patients over the age of 45 years with metastasis limited to soft tissue, osseous, or pulmonary system. In those patients below the age of 45, only 19% had remission irrespective of the sites of metastasis. Thirty-three patients were admitted with no "free interval," with objective remission occuring in 42%. This observation indicates that the "free interval" is not as striking a determinant in selecting adrenalectomy candidates as had been stressed by others. The serial treatment of adrenalectomy followed by chemotherapy after adrenalectomy failure or relapse was shown to objectively benefit 74% of 72 patients evaluated. Sulfokinase activity in breast cancer tissue was studied in 17 patients. The results were not as definitive as reported by others. PMID- 46747 TI - Hemipelvectomy. AB - Hemipelvectomy was performed in 50 patients with malignant neoplasms of the upper part of the thigh and pelvis. Although not technically difficult, the operation is associated with considerable blood loss. Postoperative complications are frequent, the greatest morbidity resulting from skin flap necrosis. Symptomatic phantom limb is as occasional late problem. Of 37 patients resected for cure prior to 1969, 14 were alive five or more years postoperatively. Five of these long-term survivors subsequently died of metastases. Patients with fibrosarcoma and chondrosarcoma had the best survival. Six other patients underwent palliative hemipelvectomy for intractable pain, with gratifying results. Hemipelvectomy is an important, useful operative procedure in selected patients. PMID- 46748 TI - Corneal elastosis. Appearance of band-like keratopathy and spheroidal degeneration. AB - Clinical and pathologic studies of six corneas from patients with band-like keratopathy and spheroid degeneration were performed. These included cases of noncalcific band keratopathy; in one case very early changes in Bowman membrane were demonstrated by light and electron microscopy. Two other corneas displayed more advanced degeneration that manifested clinically as irregular golden yellow plaques. One case of corneal spheroid degeneration was associated with lattice dystrophy of the cornea. The corneal deposits may be best characterized as a form of elastotic degeneration and were associated with intense autofluorescence. PMID- 46749 TI - Protein overload nephropathy in rats with unilateral nephrectomy. A correlative light immunogluorescence and electron microscopical analysis. AB - We wish to determine what cellular and functional alterations are associated with the development of glomeruloscierosis when rats with one kidney are fed an excess of salt or protein. Rats with one kidney are more likely to develop pronteinuria and glomerulosclerosis than control animals. Blood pressure recordings indicate that proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis occur before hypertension is evident. Fluorescent antibody studies disclose that albumin accumulates in the epithelial cells of glomeruli and tubules. Ultrastructural examination shows that vacuolozation of epithelial cells and basement membrane thickening precede the sclerotic collapse of capillary loops. Increased concentrations of sodium or urea that are found in urines of these rats favor the point of view that an elevation of solute load when combined with a reduction of renal mass will on some unknown manner accelerate the deterioration of glomeruli. PMID- 46750 TI - Reaction of cultured adult and fetal lung to prednisolone and thyroxine. AB - Pulmonary explants from adult mice were cultured for periods up to six days in medium with and without one of the following agents: prednisolone, thyroxine, puromycin, actinomycin. Both DNA synthesis and tritiated palmitic acid uptake were greatly reduced by puromycin and actinomycin, which killed the cultures in six days. Prednisolone accelerated uptake of lipid precursor and decelerated DNA synthesis; thyroxine treated explants were not different from controls. Lamellar bodies were observed only in the epithelial cells of cultured explants exposed to prednisolone. Similarly, cultures of fetal lung exhibited maturation with appearance of lamellar bodies only when prednisolone was administered. The depression of cellular division and the stimulation of palmitic acid uptake with coicident appearance of lamellar bodies in cultures exposed to prednisolone supports the hypothesis that control of the differentiation of alveolar epithelium with synthesis of phospholipid surfactant, is a function of the adrenal cortex. PMID- 46751 TI - Argentaffin granules in endocrine cells in human duodenal mucosa. AB - An attempt was made to gain ultracytochemical characteristics of the endocrine cells in the human duodenal mucosa. Bodian argyrophil and Fontana-Masson argentaffin reactions were applied to the blocks of the tissue. The ultracytochemistry showed that the secretion granules of all morphological types of the endocrine cells were precipitated with both the argyrophil and argentaffin silver grains in varying intensity. The endocrine cells containing uniformly round secretion granules tended to show a heavy precipitation with the argyrophil silver grains in contrast to a light precipitation with the argentaffin silver grains. The endocrine cells containing pleomorphic secretion granules were heavily precipitated with both the argyrophil and argentaffin silver grains. The findings of the present study suggest that the duodenal endocrine cells represent a single cell type in respect to 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism, but differ in their metabolism of other polypeptide hormones. PMID- 46752 TI - Rapid detection of ringed sideroblasts in erythremic myelosis. AB - When normoblasts from patients with chronic erythremic myelosis were stained with the anthraquinone dye, alizarine red S, a purple perinuclear halo appeared. This halo corresponded in location to siderotic granules stained with a conventional iron stain. The rapidity of the alizarine red S stain makes it potentially useful for the detection of pathological sideroblasts in certain refractory anemias. PMID- 46753 TI - Nature of cold-reactive antibodies to lymphocyte surface determinants in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Antilymphocyte antibodies in serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as detected by microcytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence, were predominantly cold reactive and of the IgM class. These IgM antibodies were most active at 4 degrees C. IgG antibodies were infrequent, and were only minimally lymphocytotoxic. Most sera were cytotoxic for autologous lymphocytes and were equally reactive with normal and SLE lymphocytes, as well as with B- and T-cell preparations. Separate T- and B-cell specificities, which appeared not to be related to HL-A determinants, were identified by differential absorption experiments. The functional significance of these antilymphocyte antibodies is discussed. PMID- 46754 TI - Sulfhydryl-dependent thermal aggregation of human gamma globulin: augmentation by hyaluronic acid. AB - Hyaluronic acid (4 mg/ml) augmented elevenfold the copper-catalyzed (7 muM) thermal (63 degrees C, 2 hours) aggregation of human gamma globulin (2 mg/ml) in 0.075 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Almost no augmentation of aggregation occurred with hyaluronidase-treated hyaluronate. Hyaluronate-augmented copper-catalyzed thermal aggregation was inhibited by L-histidine, gold thiomalate, N ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoic acid, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Together with previous reports of a decreased blood histidine concentration in rheumatoid arthritis, these studies provide a possible explanation for the affinity of this disease for joints. PMID- 46755 TI - Immunohistochemical detection of changes in growth hormone cells in rat pituitaries in protein deficiency. AB - 1. An immunohistochemical method was used to study the effect of a low-protein diet on growth hormone (GH) cells in the pituitaries of developing rats. The deficient diet (80 g protein/kg) was administered during gestation and lactation, or during the time after weaning until 90 d of age, or during both periods. 2. GH cell changes were much more striking in males than in females. 3. In males, GH producing cells were usually reduced in size and number in all treatments. The effect was most intense when protein deprivation occurred throughout gestation and sucking, and continued until 90 d of age, but it was also evident in animals given the low-protein diet only after weaning. Recuperation appeared to be almost complete when offspring of deprived dams were fed on a normal diet after weaning. 4. It is concluded that a low-protein diet reduces the amount of GH in the rat pituitary in a way similar to that with a protein-free diet. PMID- 46756 TI - On the stimulation of viral DNA polymerase activity by nonionic detergent. AB - Nonionic detergents stimulate purified RNA-directed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) activity from various RNA tumor viruses ranging from avian to primate species. The stimulatory effect of the nonionic detergent is dependent on the type and amount of template-primer. The greatest stimulation is obtained when high concentrations of (dT)12-18-(rA)n or activated salmon sperm DNA are used as template-primers. Little stimulation is obtained with viral 70S RNA or with (dT)12-18- (dA)n. The detergent stimulation appears to be specific for viral reverse transcriptase since this effect is not observed with purified bacterial DNA polymerase or with three known mammalian cellular DNA polymerases. This finding may, therefore, be a useful additional criterion for distinguishing viral reverse transcriptase isolated from cells from other cellular DNA polymerases. Nonionic detergent also has a stabilizing effect on viral DNA polymerase against thermal inactivation. This stabilizing effect is further enhanced by the presence of template-primer. PMID- 46757 TI - Hormonal regulation of the hepatic messenger RNA levels for alpha2u globulin. AB - The messenger RNA rat alpha2u globulin has been identified and quantitated in a cell-free translational system derived from Krebs II ascites cells. Hepatic tissue of the mature male rats which normally produce alpha2u globulin was also found to contain a high level of alpha2u mRNA. Approximately 1.6 per cent of all poly(A) containing RNA of the adult male rat liver could be accounted for alpha2u messenger activity. Female rats do not produce alpha2u globulin and no alpha2u mRNA activity could be detected in the poly(A) containing RNA fraction obtained from the livers of these animals. However, androgen treatment to spayed female rats was found to induce the parallel appearance to both alpha2u globulin and its corresponding mRNA. Both hypophysectomy and adrenalectomy which are known to reduce the level of alpha2u globulin in the urine of male rats were found also to reduce the hepatic level of alpha2u mRNA. The results indicate that hormonal control of alpha2u globulin synthesis in rat liver is achieved primarily through regulation of its translatable mRNA level and that more than one hormone may participate in this regulation. PMID- 46758 TI - Effects of extracts of rat tissues on the action of bleomycin. AB - The cell sap (105 000 times g supernatant) of various tissues of rats caused DNA degradation in the presence of bleomycin. The activity was fractionated into two peaks by column chromatography on Sephadex G-25. The activity in Peak A (excluded fraction) appeared to be due to some proteinaceous entity, while that recovered in Peak B (retarded fraction), constituting about 90% of the total activity, seemed to be due to ascorbic acid, judging by results of further gel filtration and the effect of treatment with ascorbate oxidase. Incubation of bleomycin with Peak A or B caused loss of the ability of the antibiotic to degrade DNA. It is proposed that the action of bleomycin on DNA, and its inactivation by tissue extracts, depend, at least in part, on the presence of ascorbic acid. PMID- 46759 TI - Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase: comparison of enzymes from normal subjects and patients with polycythemia vera and chronic myelogenous leukemia. AB - To determine whether decreased alkaline phosphatase activity in the granules from neutrophils of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) was due to an absence of enzyme or the production of defective enzyme, we compared the immunologic properties of granule alkaline phosphatase derived from patients with CML with that of normal subjects and patients with polycythemia vera (PRV). Antisera prepared in rabbits against granule alkaline phosphatase purified from the neutrophils of a patient with PRV produced a single precipitin line of antigenic identity when reacted with extracts of normal, PRV, and CML neutrophil granules. A histochemical stain for alkaline phosphatase activity (alpha-naphthyl acid phosphate coupled with Fast Blue RR) specifically stained the precipitin line. A variety of quantitative precipitin techniques failed to produce satisfactory precipitation of alkaline phosphatase activity. Comparative analyses were therefore performed by affinity chromatography using goat antirabbit gammaglobulin linked to Sepharose 4B to adsorb alkaline phosphatase complexed with rabbit gamma globulin. With this method, 100% of CML, normal, and PRV alkaline phosphatase could be adsorbed. Using limiting concentrations of antibody, a proportionally smaller fraction of enzyme activity was absorbed as the concentration of PRV alkaline phosphatase or normal alkaline phosphatase was increased. Extracts of CML granules containing comparable amounts of protein but 200-fold less alkaline phosphatase activity per milligram did not specifically reduce adsorption. Thus, in CML, we found no evidence that the granulocytes contained a large amount of antigenically normal but enzymatically defective alkaline phosphatase. Examination of electron micrographs revealed no significant differences in the number or distribution of granules in the granulocytes of normal subjects or patients with PRV or CML. This suggests that the low level of neutrophil alkaline phosphatase in CML granulocytes is the result of decreased enzyme content and not a consequence of synthesis of catalytically defective enzyme. PMID- 46760 TI - Morphologic and functional characteristics of bone marrow macrophages from imferon-treated mice. AB - The iron storage macrophage has been isolated from the marrow of Imferon-treated mice and studied in vitro by morphologic, histochemical, and functional tests and isotope labeling techniques. These macrophages on stained preparations are large, many times binucleate cells (up to 150 mu), and show Prussian blue reactivity. In Epon-embedded, stained thick sections they contain elongated narrow basophilic inclusions. These macrophages are actively phagocytic and pinocytic; histochemical studies show that these cells are rich in acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase, and PAS diastase-resistant activity. Iron storage macrophages do not incorporate the 3H-thymidine. The electron microscopic appearance of this macrophage shows that the cell has ferritin free in the cytoplasm and several types of cytoplasmic granules: those with large quantities of electron-dense ferritin and/or hemosiderin (type A), elongated granules (type B) with moderately electron dense homogeneous matrix and some ferritin at the periphery, and granules with heterogeneous content (type C). The above findings demonstrate that the iron storage cell is a mature macrophage which contains hydrolases, ferritin, and a unique population of cytoplasmic granules which are lysosomal in nature. There is some evidence to suggest that the unusual lysosome (type B granule) occurs after macrophages have ingested erythrocytes. PMID- 46761 TI - Cultivation of leukemic human bone marrow cells in diffusion chambers implanted into normal and irradiated mice. AB - In order to elucidate the question of whether the maturation defect in vivo in acute leukemia is due to environmental or cellular factors, we have cultured human leukemic cells in a nonleukemic milieu, i.e., diffusion chambers implanted into the abdominal cavity of normal and irradiated mice. For each harvest, the cell count was measured and differential counts and the number of peroxidase positive cells determined. The cell number decreased with time, without significant difference between culture in irradiated (500 rads) and normal mice. The blast cells succeeded only in developing distorted promyelocytes and myelocytes. There was a general pattern of increase in the number of peroxidase positive cells. The study supports the concept that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disturbance of cellular maturation due to cellular rather than environmental defects. PMID- 46762 TI - Nature of the longitudinal differential staining of metaphase chromosomes. AB - Patterns of differential longitudinal spiralization of chromosomes induced by the addition of 5-bromodexyuridine (200 mug/ml) for 5-7 h before fixation of the cells were compared with the differential staining of normally spiralized chromosomes with giemsa stain in chromosomes of lymphocytes in human blood cultures. The patterns of differentiation of both types were found to coincide for all chromosomes of the normal karyotype; areas of incomplete spiralization corresponded to areas staining intensively with giemsa stain. The significance of these results in connection with the mechanisms of differential staining of metaphasechromosomes is discussed. PMID- 46763 TI - An adrenergic component of the nervous apparatus of the aortic reflexogenic zone. AB - The structural organization of the adrenergic (sympathetic) component of the autonomic innervation of the depressor zone of the cat aortic arch was studied by luminescence microscopy of the catecholamines. A terminal adrenergic plexus, branching extensively in the connective-tissue basis of the depressor area of the aortic arch, was discovered. The participation of vessels supplying blood to the depressor area was established. Adrenergic neurons were found in the territory of the depressor zone of the aortic arch. It is postulated that the adrenergic component of the depressor zone of the aortic arch participates in the peripheral mechanism of the regulatory effects of the sympathetic nervous system on the baroreceptor apparatus. PMID- 46764 TI - Carcinoma of the pancreas and periampullary region: a clinical study in a district general hospital. AB - One hundred patients with pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma have been reviewed. Diabetes mellitus may be an early presentation. Painless jaundice has a relatively good prognosis. Fifteen patients have had curative procedures with a 31 per cent operative mortality. Mortality is influenced by age and serum bilirubin levels. Where palliative procedures are undertaken, this should include biliary diversion and gastro-enterostomy. PMID- 46765 TI - Editorial: A nit or not a nit? PMID- 46766 TI - Small amounts of zinc stimulate rapid axonal transport in vitro. PMID- 46767 TI - Change in a myelin-associated glycoprotein in rat brain during development: metabolic aspects. AB - The higher apparent molecular weight of the newly synthesized glycoprotein in immature rat myelin in comparison with that in mature myelin, which was originally demonstrated with radioactive fucose, was also shown by double labeling experiments with radioactive glucosamine or N-acetylmannosamine. In addition, periodic acid-Schiff staining of gels, on which the glycoproteins of mature and immature myelin were electrophoresed separately or mixed together, revealed that the stained glycoprotein in immature myelin had a higher apparent molecular weight. Age studies with radioactive fucose showed that the greatest difference in the apparent molecular weight of the newly synthesized glycoprotein occurred at 12 days. The magnitude of the difference decreased gradually with age until 25 days when the glycoprotein electrophoresed to the same position as that in more mature myelin. Long-term experiments, in which 12- or 13-day-old rats were injected with radioactive fucose and allowed to survive for varying periods of time before myelin isolation, also revealed a gradual decrease with age in the extent of the shift of the glycoprotein toward a higher molecular weight. The possible significance of the developmental change in the glycoprotein for the process of myelin formation is discussed. PMID- 46768 TI - Slow axonal transport or proteins; blockade by interruption of contact between cell body and axon. AB - The influence of ligation and colchicine treatment on the axonal transport of slowly migrating [3H]leucine-labelled proteins was studied in the vagus nerve of the rabbit. Two days after [3H]leucine labelling of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve, ligation or local application of 60 mM colchicine immediately blocked the further progression of slowly migrating proteins distal to the site of treatment. Application of 50-100 mug colchicine to the nerve cell bodies 2 days after labelling blocked the transport of slowly migrating proteins within the next 24 h. It is suggested that contact between nerve cell body and the axon is necessary for the maintenance of the slow transport of proteins in these nerves. PMID- 46769 TI - Transport of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in the central stump and isolated segments of a peripheral nerve. AB - Axonal transport of choline acetyltransferase (ChAc, E.E.:2.3.1.6) and acetyl cholinesterase (AChE, E.C.:3.1.1.7) was studied in the peroneal fascicles of rabbit sciatic nerves. The accumulation of ChAc in the central nerve stump proceeded 5 times more slowly than that of AChE and occurred at a distanct of 2-4 mm proximally from the end, whereas AChE accumulated in the last 2 mm of the stump. In double-ligated segments of the nerve in situ the activity of ChAc decreased at the proximal and increased at the distal end; the activity of AChE rose at both ends, The increase of ChAc activity did not cease until 22 h, whereas that of AChE stopped before 10 h. The intensity of ChAc transport is considerably diminished in the part of axon separated from the nerve cell body. Differences between the behavior of ChAc and AChE are interpreted by the assumption that the axonal transport of ChAc is slow, unidirectional, concerns all of the enzyme in the nerve, and that most of the transported enzyme is not associated with intraaxonal organelles. In contrast to ChAc, the transport of AChE is fast, bidirectional, and concerns a minor proportion of enzyme in the nerve; the transported enzyme is associated with organelles. The rate of proximodistal transport of ChAc is estimated at 4 mm/day (based on the assumption that 100% of the enzyme moves proximo-distally) and that of AChE at 480 mm/day (based on the extimate that 5% of enzyme moved proximo-distally in the present experiments). PMID- 46770 TI - Electron microscopic localization of labeled norepinephrine transported in nigro striatal neurons. PMID- 46771 TI - Blockage of axoplasmic transport and depolymerisation of reassembled microtubules by methyl mercury. PMID- 46772 TI - Environmental factors affecting the degradation of Dyfonate by soil fungi. AB - The ability of selected fungi to degrade the soil insecticide Dyfonate (O-ethyl S phenyl ethylphosphonodithioate) into water-soluble, noninsecticidal metabolites was found to be dependent on the supply of nutrients, incubation time, temperature, pH, as well as other factors. With yeast extract as the carbon source (5 g/liter) and ammonium nitrate (1 g/liter) as the nitrogen source, both Rhizopus arrhizus and Penicillium notatum degraded the insecticide to a larger extent than with any other combination of nutrients used. With glucose as the carbon source, concentrations of ammonium nitrate above 5 g/liter inhibited the degradation of Dyfonate by R. arrhizus. Time-course studies on the metabolism of the insecticide indicated that Dyfonate was first absorbed by the fungal mycelium, where it was metabolized followed by the release of water-soluble, noninsecticidal, breakdown products into the culture media. The degradation appeared to involve the breakdown of Dyfonate into ethyl acetate soluble metabolites, such as ethylethoxyphosphonothioic acid, ethylethoxyphosphonic acid, methyl phenyl sulfoxide, and methyl phenyl sulfone. These compounds were then further degraded into water-soluble products. The optimum conditions for the degradation of the insecticide by R. arrhizus were observed at pH 6.0 to 7.0 and at 15-25 degrees C. Aged fungal mycelia were as active as mycelia in the logarithmic growth phase. PMID- 46773 TI - Effect of carbon source during growth on sensitivity of Pseudomonas fluorescens to actinomycin D. AB - Sensitivity to actinomycin D(AD) varies in Pseudomonas fluorescens cells grown in glucose or succinate minimal salts medium. Growth is inhibited in succinate minimal medium by much lower concentrations of AD than in glucose minimal medium. Uptake of selected radioactive metabolites is inhibited by AD in cells incubated for 2 h in succinate medium containing AD but glucose-grown cells were not sensitive. EDTA treatment promotes increased sensitivity to AD in succinate-grown cells but does not alter sensitivity in glucose-grown cells. Succinate-grown cells bound 2-3 times as much 3H-AD as glucose-grown cells. Glucose-grown cells had much higher lipopolysaccharide levels in the envelope than succinate-grown cells. It is proposed that the lipopolysaccharide masks the binding sites and, therefore, is responsible for the difference in binding of AD by the glucose- and succinate-grown cells. The availability of the binding sites is also reflected in the sensitivity of the cells to the antibiotic. PMID- 46774 TI - Fine structure and distribution of extracellular polymer surrounding selected aerobic bacteria. AB - The structure and distribution of extracellular polymer surrounding Bacillus circulans, Diplococcus (Streptococcus) pneumoniae, Streptococcus salivarius, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Herella vaginacola (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus), and Agrobacterium tumefaciens were studied by electron microscopy. A modified ruthenium red staining procedure was used to examine the fine structure of capsule and slime. Freeze-etching and critical-point drying were used to examine the quantity of unaltered exocellular material. Comparative data demonstrate that fibrillar extracellular polymer surrounding B. circulans, D. pneumoniae, and K. pneumoniae is capsule (cell wall attached) which is characteristic of the producing organism. Capsular polymer generally appeared fibrillar, although globular polymer consisted of capsular subunits bound to S. salivarius and H. vaginacola. Exocellular slime was present about S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and A. tumefaciens. PMID- 46775 TI - Prophylaxis of varicella in children with neoplastic disease: comparative results with zoster immune plasma and gamma globulin. AB - The incidence and severity of varicella following a close family contact were evaluated in children with neoplastic diseases who received prophylaxis either with commerical gamma globulin or with zoster immune plasma, as compared to patients who did not receive any prophylaxis. In the untreated group, all 14 patients developed varicella, complicated by 1 case of encephalitis and 2 cases of fatal pneumonia. In the group of 17 patients who received 0.6-1.2 ml/kg body weight of gamma globulin, 16 developed varicella, complicated by pneumonia in 2 cases, with 1 death. In the third group of 27 patients who received 10 ml/kg body weight of zoster immune plasma (ZIP), obtained from healthy adults convalescing from herpes zoster, there were only 8 cases of varicella, all very mild. Thus, prophylaxis with ZIP significantly reduced the incidence of clinical varicella (p less than 0.01) and attenuated the severity of its course. PMID- 46776 TI - A clinical evaluation of indium-111 bleomycin as a tumor-imaging agent. AB - In an evaluation of indium-111-bleomycin as a tumor-imaging agent, 357 whole-body tumor scans were performed in 293 patients. Of 246 studies performed in patients with a variety of active solid tumors, 218 (89%) were true-positive studies and 28 (11%) were false-negative. Of 69 scans in patients thought to be free of tumor after therapy, 32 (46%) were false-positive studies and 37 (54%) were true negative. The true-positive rates by major tumor type were: adenocarcinoma of gastrointestinal tract origin (95%), lymphoma (88%), melanoma (87%), sarcomas (82%), lung (77%), breast (77%), childhood tumors (71%), gynecologic tumors (70%), and genitourinary tumors (68%). Soft tissue and lymphatic sites of tumor, both above and below the diaphragm, were easily visualized, whereas hepatic and bone marrow sites of involvement were less easily discerned. False-positive uptake with 111In-bleomycin was noted in lungs (6%), gut (3%), mediastinum (2%), normal breast tissue (0.8%), and in occasional inflammatory lesions. In 19 patients with multiple myeloma or leukemia, a pattern of diminished bone marrow uptake associated with abnormal accumulation of 111In-bleomycin in extramedullary sites of involvement was the rule. In another 23 patients in whom scans were performed because an occult tumor was suspected, scanning did not lead to specific diagnosis of tumor in a single instance. We conclude that 111In bleomycin is a safe, effective, and useful new tumor-imaging agent in the initial staging and followup of patients with a variety of solid tumors. Significant advantages of this agent over other currently available radiopharmaceuticals include: A) a broader spectrum of tumors taking up the radio-pharmaceutical, and B) generally better delineation of abdominal and pelvic disease due to lack of interference from gut uptake. PMID- 46777 TI - Morphological basis for the cytolytic effect of vinblastine and vincristine on cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts. AB - Exposure of human leukemic lymphoblasts in suspension cultures to low concentrations of vinblastine and vincristine results in alterations in cell shape and leads to the formation and release of a large number of membrane-lined vesicles from the cytoplasm. Separation of these vesicles from peripheral cytoplasm is effected through alignment and fusion of small vacoules. Similar vesicle formation is seen neither in fibroblasts exposed to vinblastine nor in lymphoblasts exposed to bleomycin or adriamycin. Possible relation of this phenomenon to vinblastine- and vincristine-induced cytotoxicity, spherocytosis, and thrombocytosis is discussed. PMID- 46778 TI - Identification of lymphoid cells in cultured of murine leukocytes and thymus. AB - Several culture conditions and media were studied in an effort to establish long term cultures of murine lymphoid cells from blood and thymus. Cultures vessels included small glass bottles and rubber-stoppered tubes. Media such as Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640, 1700, 1701, 1715, GEM 1717, NCTC, fetal calf and horse serum supplements, and conditioned medium were tried. Lymphoid cells in mouse leukocyte cultures survived as long as eight months before dying out. However, lymphoid cells in thymus cell cultures, strarted and maintained with GEM 1717 medium with 20% fetal calf serum supplementation, gave rise to cell lines that continued to yield subcultures for more than 2 years. Mcroscopic examination of thymus cell subcultures revealed lymphoid and thymic epighelioid cells. Tumorigenicity studies of one cell line were negative. Chromosomal preparations of this cell line often contained near-normal karyotypes but were complicated by the presence of binucleated cells. Live cell fluorescent antibody assays for surface theta-antigen and immunoglobulin revealed immunoglobulin-negative cells possessing barely detectable theta determinants. Functional assays for thymus derived lymphoid cell activity suggested that these cells were mitogen responsive and weakly reactive in one-way mixed lymphocyte culture. On the basis of this evidence it was sugguested that these cells represent a class of T-cells (thymus derived lymphocytes) that have all but lost theta antigen, possibly due to prolonged culture. PMID- 46780 TI - The morphology of murine oncornaviruses following different methods of preparation for electron microscopy. AB - The effect of different preparative procedures for electron microscopy on the size and shape of murine oncornaviruses has been studied. With conventional negative staining procedures using neutral sodium phosphotungstate, both murine mammary tumor virus and murine leukemia virus appeared in head-and-tail forms, with a peak head diameter of 122 and 130 nm, respectively. Negative staining with uranyl accetate gave round virions with peak diameters of 148 and 130 nm. Prefixed virus was round with peak diameters of 141 and 130 nm, respectively, in phosphotungstate, and 148 and 117 nm, respectively, in uranyl acetate. With thin sections, the peak diameters were 143 and 123 nm. The preservation of the spherical shape of the virus was obtained by glutaraldehyde fixation dehydration in alcholic solutions of uranyl acetate, and critical point drying. Under these conditions the viruses had peak diameters of 99 and 82 nm, respectively. The size of murine mammary tumor virus has always been found to be larger than murine leukemia virus in all preparations except for negative staining with neutral sodium phosphotungstate. Shadowing of the virion preparations revealed considerable flattening of the particles in all cases except for critical point drying. Negatively stained preparations did not cast any shadow, and thus thethickness of the particles could not be evaluated. Virus can be reversibly converted from spherical to head-and-tail forms by altering osmotic strength. Under most of the conditions used, murine mammary tumor virus gave a bimodal size distribution with significant numbers of particles that were smaller than the major virus size. PMID- 46779 TI - Pepstatin, an inhibitor of leukokinin formation and ascitic fluid accumulation. AB - Ascites fluid accumulation accompanying a mastocytoma or L1210 murine tumor is significantly retarded following the i.p. or s.c. injection of moderate quantities of pepstatin, a known acid protease inhibitor. No effect on cell count was noted by pepstatin treatment. The probable mechanism by which pepstatin acts is by inhigiting the enzymatic formation of chemical mediators known as leukokinins. These are pharmoacologically active peptiedes having potent permeability characteristics previously described by this laboratory. Leukokinins are formed by cathepsin D-like enzymes present in the invading cells and in the ascites fluid acting on a protein substrate, leukokininogen. present in the ascites fluid. Pestatin inhibits the action of these leukokinin-forming enzymes invitro but has no effect on kallikreins (bradykinin-forming enzymes) in vitro. Human ascites fluid from a patient with ovarian carcioma was found to have a paepstatin-inhibited, leukokinin-generating system, as does the mouse. A 'chemical mediator' theory is proposed for ascites fromation which broadens the previously held theory of lymphatic blockage (Holm-Nielsen) and may explain the recent findings of Hirabayashi and Graham of increased plasma-ascites exchange in peritoneal carcionmatosis. Pepstatin inhibition of chemical mediator formation may represent a new therapeutic approach to ascites fluid accumulation in neoplastic disease. PMID- 46781 TI - Biochemical characterization of putative subviral particulates from human malignant breast tumors. AB - Particulates with the properties of cores and/or ribonucleoproteins of RNA tumor viruses have been isolated from Sterox-SL-treated fractions of murine and human mammary adenocarcinomas. These particulates have an RNA-directed DNA polymerase, a 60 to 70 S RNA, and a density of 1.26 g/ml or greater in sucrose equilibrium density gradients. Their uniquely higher densities lead to banding in regions comparatively free of cellular contaminants. These circumstances minimize some of the technical complications of performing the simultaneous detection assay in the presence of cell debris. PMID- 46782 TI - Tissue-specific DNA-protein complexes during azo dye hepatocarcinogenesis. AB - The immunological tissue specificity could be transferred from one chromatin preparation to another by reconstituting this protein fraction to the DNA and the remaining chromatin components."The immunological tissue specificity could be transferred from one chromatin preparation to another by reconstituting this protein fraction this protein fraction to the DNA and the remaining chromatin components. PMID- 46783 TI - Serum alpha-fetoprotein in patients with neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were measured by a sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassay in 580 patients with a variety of malignant and nonmalignant gastrointestinal diseases to determine the incidence of levels elevated above 40 ng/ml. Over 200 normal control subjects have all had levels below 40 ng/ml. Fifteen % of 95 patients with gastric carcinoma, 3 percent of 191 patients with colorectal carcinoma, 24 percent of 45 patients with pancreatic carcinoma, 25 percent of 8 patients with biliary tract carcinoma, and 70 percent of 73 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein. None of 14 patients with esophageal or small bowel carcinoma had elevated levels. In contrast, 1 percent of 154 patients with nonmalignant, nonhepatic gastrointestinal disease had elevations of serum alpha-fetoprotein. Alpha Fetoprotein appears to be a potential marker for tumor activity in some patients with certain gastrointestinal cancers. PMID- 46784 TI - Induction of B lymphocyte tolerance by an oligovalent antigen. I. Influence of the read-out system. PMID- 46785 TI - Inhibition by serum of encephalitogenic activity of myelin basic protein: nature of the serum factor responsible. PMID- 46786 TI - Antigen-initiated B lymphocyte differentiation. V. Electrophoretic separation of different subpopulations of AFC progenitors for unprimed IgM and memory IgG responses to the NIP determinant. PMID- 46787 TI - Secretion of IgM antibodies by glass-adherent fraction of immune mouse spleen cells. II. Characteristics of glass-adherent plaque-forming cells. PMID- 46788 TI - The response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin: determination of cell numbers. PMID- 46789 TI - Migratory patterns of B lymphocytes. I. Fate of cells from central and peripheral lymphoid organs in the rabbit and its selective alteration by anti immunoglobulin. PMID- 46791 TI - [Possibilities in the use of television in undergraduate medical education]. PMID- 46790 TI - A new sensitive assay for antibody against cell surface antigens based on inhibition of cell-dependent antibody-mediated cutotoxicity. II. Mechanism. PMID- 46792 TI - Detection of latent function in acutely ischemic myocardium in the dog: comparison of pharmacologic inotropic stimulation and postextrasystolic potentiation. AB - In poorly perfused myocardium with resultant ischemic dysfunction, augmentation of contractility can, under certain conditions, be used to detect viable but ordinarily noncontracting muscle. Two methods of inotropic augmentation, pharmacologic inotropic stimulation and postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP), were studied in acutely ischemic canine myocardium with controlled coronary blood flow. A caliper length gauge to record segmental shortening and left ventricle pressure was used to construct pressure-length loops. Acute regional ischemia depressed segmental function: early segmental shortening decreased (-20 plus or minus 0.02% [SE]) and frequent dyskinesia occurred. Restoring coronary blood flow corrected segmental shortening to control levels. During acute regional ischemia, PESP consistently augmented segmental function (+49 plus or minus 0.03%) and abolished dyskinesia. Pharmacologic inotropic stimulation with isoproterenol or calcium administered into the coronary arteries did not produce a comparable improvement in segmental function (+9 plus or minus 0.05%). Although early shortening markedly increased with pharmacologic stimulation, there was no consistent change in total shortening, and the area of the pressure-length loop decreased. Due to late dyskinesia, there was a decrease in injection shortening. Systemically administered pharmacologic agents accentuated early dyskinesia but caused no consistent change in total shortening. Unlike PESP, pharmacologic agents either worsened segmental function or caused responses that were minimum and inconsistent; such responses clearly cannot be used to identify viable ischemic myocardium. PMID- 46793 TI - The heart as a target organ in systemic allergic reactions: comparison of cardiac analphylaxis in vivo and in vitro. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to define and quantitatively evaluate cardiac anaphylaxis in vivo. Guinea pigs, passively sensitized with graded amounts of rabbit antipenicilloyl antibody, were anesthetized, ventilated, and challenged intravenously with a constant amount of antigen (anaphylaxis in vivo). In other experiments, guinea pig hearts were excised, perfused in a Langendorff apparatus, and challenged (analphylaxis in vitro). During in vivo anaphylaxis, sinus rate increased 10-30 beats/min, conduction arrhythmias occurred in 15 of 22 experiments, and ventricular fibrillation was seen in 8 of 22 experiments. Tachycardia and arrhythmias began approximately 20 seconds after antigen administration and were accompanied, but not preceded, by respiratory and pressor changes. During in vitro anaphylaxis, sinus rate increased 70-110 beats/min, coronary flow rate decreased 2-22%, conduction arrhythmias occurred in 21 of 31 experiments, and ventricular ectopic activity was seen in 13 of 31 experiments. Tachycardia and arrhythmias began approximately 15 seconds after antigen administration. Sinus tachycardia, atrioventricular conduction block, increased ventricular automaticity, and histamine release were characteristic features of cardiac anaphylaxis in vivo and in vitro. Both in vivo and in vitro, the intensity of the cardiac reaction depended on the amount of antibody used in passive sensitization. Our results clearly indicate that the heart reacts as a target organ in systemic anaphylaxis of the guinea pig. PMID- 46794 TI - Three variants of concealed bigeminy. AB - Long electrocardiographic strips were analyzed from five patients who exhibited periods of typical "concealed bigeminy," i. e., recurrent unifocal extrasystoles which were separated from one another by odd numbers of normally conducted sinus beats. However, in each of these patients, there were periods in which one of three different variants of concealed bigeminy was observed. Three patients displayed an "even number" variant; i. e., there were large numbers of consecutive extrasystoles which were separated exclusively or preponderantly by even rather than by odd numbers of sinus beats. One other patient exhibited an "interpolated extrasystole" variant: those interectopic intervals which were initiated by an interpolated extrasystole contained an even number of sinus beats, whereas all other interectopic intervals contained an odd number. In the fifth patient, the distribution of the numbers of sinus beats separating extrasystoles was such as to suggest a periodic fluctuation between the classical forms of concealed bigeminy and concealed trigeminy; i. e., a "combined bigeminy and trigeminy" variant. PMID- 46795 TI - De subitaneis mortibus. XI. Young girl with palpitations. AB - A seventeen-year-old girl in apparent good health was found dead in bed one morning. Two clinical features of note were multiple premature beats present in her electrocardiograms for several years, and a tall thin habitus without stigmata of Marfan's syndrome. At necropsy examination the heart was grossly normal. At its margin abutting the central fibrous body the atrioventricular (A V) node exhibited numerous fronds and outcroppings, some forming loop connections from one part of A-V node to another. Groups of A-V nodal cells detached from the A-V node were also found connected to the crest of the interventricular septum. There were large connections directly from the His bundle to the crest of the interventricular septum (Mahaim fibers). The A-V node artery was moderately narrowed but patent. The possible significance of these findings in the pathogenesis of re-entrant arrhythmias or ectopic automaticity is discussed. PMID- 46796 TI - Diagnostic value of routine liver tests. AB - In 131 patients on a medical service and 97 patients on a surgical service, in whom a diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease was verified in the hospital, the diagnostic value of routine liver tests performed soon after admission was evaluated by stepwise discriminant analysis. By measurements of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatases, gamma globulin, prothrombin time, bilirubin, and albumin, half of the medical patients were correctly classified into one of seven diagnostic categories. Aminotransferase contributed most to the classification, being twice as effective as random allocation. Decreasing the number of diagnostic categories to three (hepatitis, fatty liver, and chronic liver disease) increased the frequency of correct allocation to 80%. The allocation of all the patients to seven medical and four surgical diagnostic categories by means of four tests (aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatases, prothrombin time, and bilirubin) was significantly improved by each step with a misclassification rate of 55% when all tests were used. A reduction of the diagnostic groups to five (hepatitis, fatty liver, chronic liver disease, duct obstruction and tumor) increased the frequency of correct allocation to 63%. The analysis demonstrates the limited diagnostic effectiveness of routine liver tests when used alone. The absolute discrimination values depend on the a priori frequencies of the diagnostic groups investigated, and therefore may vary from time to time and from place to place. PMID- 46797 TI - Microanalytical system for determination of picogram quantities of metals in metalloenzymes, as illustrated with zinc-containing enzymes. AB - Microwave-induced emission spectrometry combined with gel-exclusion chromatography provides a microanalytical system capable of precisely measuring 10 minus 10 to 10 minus 13 g of metal in microgram amounts of enzyme. Such sensitivity greatly exceeds that of other, more conventional methods. Metal quenching agents and low-molecular-weight protein contaminants were removed from the enzyme by Sephadex G-100 chromatography in microbore columns (0.03 times 25 cm). Droplet fractions were analyzed for zinc by the present method, for enzyme activity, and for protein content. With this analytical system we could demonstrate that stoichiometric amounts of zinc are present in the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, the reverse transcriptase, from wooly monkey type C RNA tumor virus. The precision of the method for zinc was demonstrated by the coefficient of variation of 4.4 percent for 10 mug of zinc per liter. Validity and accuracy of the method were established by determining zinc in a series of zinc metalloenzymes of known metal content and stoichiometry. PMID- 46798 TI - Serum anti-immunoglobulins in multiple myeloma and benign monoclonal gammopathy. PMID- 46799 TI - [Psychic characteristics of sexuality in women and men in the second half of life. 2]. PMID- 46800 TI - Time course of development of supersensitivity to topical acetylcholine in partially isolated cortex. AB - In alert monkeys the time course for development of supersensitivity to topical acetylcholine in partially isolated frontal cerebral cortex was determined. Thresholds for paroxysmal discharge fell progressively and markedly during 3 weeks, further in 5 and somewhat more after 6 months. ACh supersensitivity was demonstrated in chronic "isolated" occipital cortex. Epileptiform discharges were recorded selectively from chronic partially isolated frontal cortex on peripheral nerve stimulation and these spread, causing a clinical convulsive siezure when the open end of the isolation extended into the precentral gyrus. The basic mechanisms responsible for the supersensitivity are unknown but evidence presented and much in the pertinent literature is in keeping with the hypothesis that partial isolation of cortical cells, i.e., denervation, deafferentation, or disuse may be important. It is suggrested that peripheral nerve stimulation, like arousal, may cause an outflow of ACh on the normal brain surface and over the open end of a partially isolated area, which, especially, in the presence of a diminished cholinesterase activity (in partially isolated cortex), could act like topical ACh, cause a DC shift and an epileptiform discharge. PMID- 46801 TI - Effect of hippocampectomy on sleep patterns in cats. AB - The study was planned to see if the hippocampus has an influence on fast wave sleep (FWS) as well as on slow wave sleep (SWS). From 8 male cats EEG, EMG and EOG were recorded for 24 h, first under normal conditions, secondly after cortical damage to the dorsal marginal portion of posterior ectosylvian gyrus, and thirdly following hippocampectomy done through the cortical damage. From the records, SWS, FWS and the sleep state (defined as a sequence of SWS or SWS-FWS phases between two successive waking states) were measured in terms of their occurrence, the mean duration and the total time they occupied in the day, night and 24 h. In addition, sleep sequences were classified according to the number of constituent sleep phases. Cortical damage did not affect SWS, FWS, or sleep state with regard to their occurrence, the mean duration, and the total time they occupied in 24 h. Nor did it affect the proportion of short and long sequences. The circadian variation of sleep was clearly retained. Hippocampectomy significantly reduced the total time occupied by sleep state, SWS and FWS, increased the occurrence of sleep state and SWS phase against decreased incidence of FWS phase, and reduced the mean duration of sleep state and SWS phase. Hippocampectomy also significantly increased the occurrence of sleep sequences with only one SWS phase at the cost of sequences with alternating SWS and FWS phases. Following hippocampectomy, the circadian variation of sleep was not only retained, but actually exagerated. The hippocampus in inferred to facilitate the FWS as well as the SWS phase of sleep. PMID- 46802 TI - Synchronization of human motor units: possible roles of exercise and supraspinal reflexes. AB - Some normal human subjects show definite synchronization of the motor units in hand muscles (i.e., the impulses from two or more motor units coincide in time more frequently than expected for independent random processes). Subjects who show synchronization tend to use their hands to exert large, brief forces, either in their work (e.g., manual laborers) or recreational activities (e.g., weightlifters). In this study all seven weightlifters examined showed a significant degree of synchronization. Furthermore, after 6 weeks of using the first dorsal interosseus muscle of the hand to exert maximal, voluntary contractions, the level of synchronization increased substantially in four control subjects, and the average level became significantly different from zero. Weightlifters also showed greater late reflex responses than control subjects, but no significant difference in earlier spinal reflexes. Two late reflex waves are described which probably involve fast pathways to and from motor cortes. We suggest that supraspinal connections from motor cortex directly to spinal motoneurons may be enhanced as a result of training to the point where they produce a significant synchronization of motor units during steady, voluntary contractions. PMID- 46803 TI - The late positive component (P300) and information processing in sentences. AB - Averaged visual evoked potentials to sequentially flashed words comprising a sentence were recorded from vertex and left and right temporoparietal electrodes in 8 right-handed subjects. In condition 1 the sentence took the form: The -eel is on the shoe, in which the first grapheme was omitted from the second word, so that the subject did not know the meaning of the second word until he viewed the last word. In condition 2, the sentence took the form: The heel is on the shoe, in which the second word was given and the last word provided no further information. P300 latency to words which delivered information (last word of condition 1, second word of condition 2) were significantly longer than P300 latency to any of the other words in the sentence, as well as to the same position word in the other condition. Comparisons of P300 latencies to redundant words (the, is, on) within and between conditions showed no significant differences. P300 amplitude to the last word was significantly larger than P300 amplitude to any of the other words within the sentence, even in condition 2 where the second word delivered information. The major effect of information delivery was on P300 latency, while "syntactic closure" had its major effect on P300 amplitude. The fact that evoked potentials to all words had P300 components was attributed to the engagement of the P300 system whenever task-related language stimuli are used. PMID- 46804 TI - Cholinergic mechanisms involved in cortical activation during arousal. AB - Spontaneous and evoked cortical electrical activity of the post-central gyrus was studied in 5 unparalyzed, unanesthetized monkeys during slow-wave sleep (SWS) and wakefulness (W), before and after the administration of a muscarinic anticholinergic agents, hyoscine. It was found that hyoscine reproduces the effect of SWS: (1) on spontaneous EEG activity and single unit discharges of the somatosensory cortes without any concomitant behavioral sleep; and (2) on surface evoked potentials and reactivity of cortical neurons to peripheral electrical stimulation. Short episodes of EEG desynchronization were noted in the alert state after hyoscine suggesting the existence of a phasic activating system unblocked by hyoscine. These observations support the concept of an EEG-behavior dissociation produced by muscarinic anticholinergic agents and extend this concept to single neuron activity. These observations also lead to the conclusion that tonic EEG activation during arousal may be cholinergic at the cortical level even though other neurotransmitters may be involved. PMID- 46805 TI - Motor potentials and the timing of muscular activity. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether dominant components of the motor potential recorded from the scalp, were coincident with the rise and fall of muscular activity in single movements and return movements in serial flexion and extension of the elbow. Electroencephalographic recordings obtained from two right-handed subjects through scalp electrodes were averaged by computer and related to EMG, force and displacement of the limb. In the single movements, coincident events in the motor potential indicated the rise and fall of EMG and force. Events in the motor potential of the return movement coincided with the rise of EMG and of force in the first phase, and the rise of EMG in the second phase. Other time relationships were not clear. Relationships between events were clearer in one subject than in the other. This could have been caused by different characteristics in the performance of the task or by problems related to the location of scalp electrodes. The general waveform of the motor potentials and the EMG traces seemed to be related in a few samples of the single movement task, suggesting that other factors than time may also be related between the motor potential and the EMG. PMID- 46806 TI - Intracortical transmission of specific evoked activity across the cerebral cortex. AB - The intracortical transmission of abnormally generated activity, like spreading depression and the direct cortical response, across the cortex is well known. In the experiments described here, the tangential transmission of a more normal type of cortical activity, the short latency response evoked by contralateral forepaw stimulation, was investigated. No evidence for tangential transmission was found from surface recordings. Various methods, such as passing polarizing currents, intravenous injection and topical application of strychnine, were used to alter the state of cortical excitation in order to induce a change in tangential transmission; none was found. The boundaries of the contralateral forepaw receiving area (CRA) appeared to be rigid, since the responses could not be induced beyond the perimeter by these manipulations of the cortex. Evoked responses in the centre of the CRA were shown to be unaffected by the excitation state of the cortex 2 mm or more away. The data support the hypothesis that the neural activity represented by the short latency surface evoked response is not transmitted laterally across the cortex and does not appear to be influenced by activity, beyond a range of about 2 mm or possibly less. The effectiveness of the methods used to alter cortical excitation, and to detect a spread of the evoked activity are discussed. PMID- 46807 TI - Eye movement related activity in the visual cortex of dark-reared kittens. AB - Kittens reared in total darkness from birth were found to be behaviorally blind, when tested at the age of 15-20 weeks. Visual cortex EEGs were recorded with transcortical electrodes. During waking, potentials related to saccadic eye movements (EMP's) were present in the dark, though they were depressed in amplitude in the light. During paradoxical sleep, rapid eye movements, isolated or in bursts, were present at a normal rate, as were occipital waves related to ponto-geniculo-occipital activity. It is concluded that EMPs during waking and phasic bursts during paradoxical sleep represent central "built in" events uninfluenced by visual experience. PMID- 46808 TI - [Polygraphic study of sleep in young chickens at hatching, evolution at third and fourth days]. AB - A polygraphic study of the states of vigilance in the young chicken was performed in the first week after hatching. At hatching, three stages of vigilance were present and their polygraphic characteristics were similar to those of the adult. Quantitative data showed a relative immaturity of the young chicken since percentages of paradoxical sleep and slow wave sleep were high in the first 8 h after hatching (PS/TS equals 16.5%). These values diminished rapidly and reached the adult values observed on the third day (PS/TS equals 6.4%). Our experimental conditions showed the presence of a nycthemeral rhythm of the states of vigilance by the third day. PMID- 46809 TI - [A telemetric study of central rhythms in children]. AB - Data concerning central (mu) rhythms in children are reported, these rhythms being studied by means of prolonged telemetric recording which makes it possible to study various experimental situations. Several different patterns of mu rhythm were observed in every subject, depending on the experimental situation. The level and the quality of attention on the one hand, immobility on the other, were found to be the two main factors which facilitated the occurrence or the maintenance of mu rhythms. The induction of movement, especially of the hand, was the major cause of blocking pre-existing mu rhythms, but attention alone was also able to provoke the same reaction. These data were compared with those obtained in animals by direct recording from the cortical somaesthetic areas. The respective roles of vigilance, attention and movement are discussed. PMID- 46810 TI - [Influence of the electrical properties of electrodes (platinum wire) on the myoelectric signal]. AB - The use, in electromyography, of platinum wire electrodes required a knowledge of the electrical characteristics of these electrodes in the frequency range of the myoelectric signal. For this purpose the impedance of these electrodes was measured by the "cercle pointe" method (Gougerot 1951) in conditions similar to those in use. These electrodes behave like the majority of metal electrodes. Their impedance in particular can be represented by a polarization capacity shunted by an ohmic resistance, in series with a resistance representing the electrolyte resistance. It is shown that, depending on the electrode area and the way they are used, these electrodes can detect the myoelectric signals more or less selectively. PMID- 46811 TI - A chronic electrode implantation technique for sub-mammalian vertebrates. AB - A new microelectrode implantation technique is described for recording electrical activity in the brains of awake, unrestrained small animals. The technique employs a miniature heating element and wax seal to enable movement of the microelectrode. Preliminary results in toads (Bufo americanus) are presented as an example of the technique. PMID- 46812 TI - [Conduction velocity of Ia sensory fibers in human measured by H-reflex method]. AB - The conduction velocity in Ia sensory fibres of the peroneal nerve was measured in 20 normal adult subjects. The method consisted of stimulating the nerve at two different sites, separated by a known distance, and measuring the latency differences of the monosynaptic reflex responses. PMID- 46813 TI - Single unit activity in the lateral amygdala of the cat during sleep and waking. AB - Neuronal activity of 58 cells in the lateral nucleus of the amygdala of freely moving cats was studied across stages of sleep-wakefulness. In general, these units were very slow firing in all states (mean discharge rate less than 1 spike/sec) with the highest rates typically observed during slow wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. Most units tended to show some bursting activity during all states. The bursting during paradoxical sleep was not temporally correlated with the phasic activity characteristic of that state. These results corroborate and extend previous studies of the basal amygdaloid nuclei. PMID- 46814 TI - An application of long-term frequency analysis in measuring drug-specific alterations in the EEG of the cat. AB - A method is described for the quantitative measurement of "drug-specific" effects on the EEG of the cat. These effects are dose-related and are independent of the normal sources of EEG variation associated with the sleep-waking cycle. Drug induced changes are expressed as characteristic alterations in frequency spectra and the time courses of these effects are followed for 5 h following administration of the test compounds. Atropine sulfate (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg) and physostigmine salicylate (0.05 and 0.20 mg/kg) were administered to three unanesthetized and unrestrained cats and a broad-band frequency analysis was performed on the spontaneous brain electrical activity recorded from the prepyriform cortex, ventral hippocampus, lateral geniculate nucleus and the midbrain reticular formation. The resulting data were used as input to discriminant and canonical statistical analysis programs employed to abstract "drug-specific" patterns of frequency change. It was found that both atropine and physostigmine produce alterations in EEG frequency spectra which are clearly distinct from those patterns associated with the sleep-waking cycle and thus neither compound results in what has been characterized as an "EEG-behavioral dissociation". PMID- 46815 TI - Spinal cord potentials evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation. AB - Lumbar, thoracic, and cervical spinal cord responses evoked by sciatic nerve stimulation were measured in 20 cats at the skin level and directly from the dorsal surface of the cord. Computer averaging techniques were used for both skin level recordings and cord surface recordings at all levels. Recordings made directly from the cord surface at lumbar levels were large and were characterized by a large, initial, negative transient, followed by a more complicated and variable waveform. As recording electrodes were moved rostrally, the initial large spike decreased in amplitude and the duration and latency of the response increased. At cervical levels were large and were characterized by a large, initial, negative transient, followed by a more complicated and variable waveform. As recording electrodes were moved rostrally, the initial large spike decreased in amplitude and the duration and latency of the response increased. At cervical levels the responses were polyphasic, of long duration and small amplitude. Deafferentation by posterior rhizotomy of all lumbar and sacral roots ipsilateral to sciatic nerve stimulation abolished the response at all levels. Thoracic cord section also abolished the response over the cervical cord. Skin level recordings were of shorter latency than direct recordings, especially at cervical levels. Response configurations were similar for both recording techniques at lumbar levels, but had different waveforms at both thoracic and cervical levels. Clinical implications of the techniques and possible explanations of the waveforms recorded are discussed. PMID- 46816 TI - Effects of procaine hydrochloride, diazepam, and diphenylhydantoin on seizure development in cortical and subcortical structures in rats. AB - Procaine HCl and diphenylhydantoin (DPH) increased the duration and propagation of epileptiform afterdischarges (ADs) produced by electrical stimulation of the amygdala in rats. Procaine and DPH also increased the rate of seizure development (kindling) produced by repeated stimulation of the amygdala. Procaine and to a limited extentDPH would themselves act as convulsants in well kindled subjects. Diazepam, on the other hand, retarded or blocked amygdaloid kindling. Diazepam trigered a high frequency (20-30 c/sec) rhtthm in the amygdala, hippocampus and preoptic area. None of these drugs had any significant effect on potentials evoked in secondary limbic sites by single electrical pulses applied to the amygdala. Also, none of these drugs had any effect on recruiting or post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) in secondary sites produced by amygdala stimulation and none of the drugs had any effect on amygdaloid AD thresholds. The effects of these drugs on the responses evoked by anterior neocortex stimulation were quite different. Diazepam had no effect on any of the characteristics of the discharge or convulsion even at twice the dose levels used for the amygdala group. Procaine and DPH, however, blocked not only the eonvulsion but the AD as well. Eighty percent of the procaine- and DPH-treated rats failed to respond with neocortical AD even at current levels as high as 2000 muA. The few cortically stimulated subjects that did respond with an AD showed a subcortical rather than a neocortical seizure response. DPH had no effect on recruiting or PTP of the transcallosal response. Both procaine and DPH produced a weak but significant increase in the amplitude of the transcallosal evoked potential, while diazepam produce a weak decrement in that response. PMID- 46817 TI - An injury-induced diffuse slow potential from brain. AB - Three different slow potential (SP) changes resulting from focal brain injury are described. The first is an immediate, high amplitude (in excess of 25 mV)negative shift at the site of injury. The second is a biphasic negative-positive SP wave which spreads throughout the cortex ipsilateral to injury and is similar to spreading depression (SD). The third SP change, called here the injury-induced diffuse slow potential (IDSP)is a prolonged (lasting approx. 2h) negative shift occurring simultaneously in many brain areas, also in those far removed from the injured focus. The SD can be separated from IDSP by the size of focal injury; a 20 mu pucture of the parenchyma will trigger IDSP but not SD. An injury resulting from a larger puncture triggers both, SD and IDSP. IDSPcan not be induced by a re entry of a previously damaged tissue. The magnitude of IDSP has anatomical specificity in that the largest amplitude occurrs in white as compared to gray of the cortex or of the caudate nucleus. Aso, the magnitude of the hypothalamic IDSP is larger when ipsilateral corpus callosum-commissural regions are injured. Electrical stimulation of the cortex in rats sufficiently strong to result in tonic-clonic convulsions triggers SD and IDSP; these two slow potential changes are similar to those induced by mechanical injury. A transpinnate electrical stimulus strong enough to elicit a grand-mal type of discharge results in a diffuse negative slow potential change similar to IDSP elicited by mechanical damage or direct cortical stimulation. PMID- 46818 TI - Human frequency-following responses to monaural and binaural stimuli. AB - Frequency-following responses, with latencies circa 6 msec, were recorded from five normal-hearing human subjects to brief 500 c/sec tone bursts presented monaurally. The frequency-following responses appear as peaks occurring at 2 msec intervals superimposed on a slow wave (pedestal-like) component. Comparisons were made between the frequency-following responses evoked by binaural and monaural stimuli. The results show that the binaural responses may be interpreted as the sum of two monaural responses. It is concluded, therefore, that there are two independent populations of neurons, each capable of generating a frequency following response is not a microphonic-like response but rather that the individual waves in the frequency-following response are evoked by the collective activity of phase-locked single units. Finally, on the basis of the distinctness of the individual waves in the frequency-following response, it is concluded that the neural generators of the response must be spatially compact. PMID- 46819 TI - Two varieties of long-latency positive waves evoked by unpredictable auditory stimuli in man. AB - Two distinct late-positive components of the scalp-recorded auditory evoked potential were identified which differed in their latency, scalp topography and psychological correlates. The earlier component, called "P3a" (latency about 240 msec), was elicited by infrequent, unpredictable shifts of either intensity or frequency in a train of tone pips whether the subject was ignoring (reading a book) or attending to the tones (counting). The later component, called "P3a" (mean latency about 350 msec), occurred only when the subject was actively attending to the tones; it was evoked by the infrequent, unpredictable stimulus shifts, regardless of whether the subject was counting that stimulus or the more frequently occurring stimulus. Both of these distinct psychophysiological entities have previously been refered to as the "P3" or "P300" in the literature. PMID- 46820 TI - A syndrome of hypersomnia with automatic behavior. AB - Five male patients, complaining of daytime sleep attacks, and hav ing a history of automatic behavior, were recorded continously by polygraph for 108 h under two different protocols: (1ents were given specific tests to perform during Phase 1. Six normal males were run as controls during Phase . At the end of the recordings, patients had measurements of homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5 Hydroxy indol Acetic Acid (5HIAA) in CSF before and after Probenecid testing. Patients appeared to present an abnormal sleep structure, with lack of Stage 3 and 4 NREM sleep, but had no significant increase in total sleep time during 24 h compared to normals. They also had repetitive very short periods of "micro-sleep" which account for their automatic behavior and were responsible for their great decrement in performance compared to normal controls. No CSF HVA and 5HIAA abnormality could be detected. This syndrome, which greatly impairs the social life and working ability of the patients, may be more related to an impairment of the "wakefulness" structures than to a dysfunction of the "sleep" structures. PMID- 46821 TI - EEG correlates of visual-motor practice in man. AB - Special analysis of EEG signals was performed for 15 subjects engaged in three motor tasks of differing difficulty. A measure of average weighted coherence (C) was computed between the six possible combinations of four scalp areas: Oz, C3, C4 and Fz. In all subjects, regardless of task, scalp recordings over cortical areas known to have relatively dense fiber connections had significantly greater C values. However, the effects of task difficulty and practice were superimposed upon this basic pattern. Thus, the most difficult task (pursuit-rotor tracking) resulted in the highest coherence levels, while the least difficult task (visual tracking only of the pursuit-rotor disk) resulted in the lowest coherence levels. Practice, on the other hand, was associated with a significant decrease in overall level of coherence. This decrease is consistent with an interpretation of reduced task difficulty due to visual-motor learning. The results of the present study suggest that patterns of scalp EEG coherence may reflect some aspects of the underlying pattern of anatomical pathways, as well as the more dynamic properties of task difficulty and visual--motor practice. PMID- 46822 TI - Cortical seizures following cerebellar stimulation in primates. AB - The effects of cerebellar stimulation were studied in monkeys with chronic alumina-cream epileptogenic foci in motor cortex. Low-frequency stimulation (5-15 c/sec) was ineffective in altering spontaneous cortical spiking. Clinical and electrographic seizures were elicited following high-frequency cerebellar stimulation (100 c/sec). This was a consistent finding following cerebellar stimulation, although no spontaneous seizures had been seen in these animals. These studies suggest the existence of facilitatory cerebellar mechanisms and indicate the need for further studies in chronic animal models. PMID- 46823 TI - The pattern of swallowing during sleep. AB - The pattern of swallowing during sleep was investigated by means of a study in 10 normal subjects. Sleep was staged by means of EEG, EOG and EMG, and swallowing was monitored by means of an external sensing device attached to the neck. It was found that during sleep, swallowing is episodic, with long swallow-free periods. Swallows occur almost exculusively in association with movement arousals which are most frequent during Stages REM, 1 and 2 of sleep. PMID- 46824 TI - A stereotaxic apparatus for the young rat. PMID- 46825 TI - Detection of human sleep EEG waveforms. PMID- 46826 TI - Axonal transport of phospholipid in goldfish optic system. PMID- 46827 TI - Studies on neuromuscular responses to long-term axonal colchicine treatment. PMID- 46828 TI - Trypanosoma rhodesiense: variant specificity of immunity induced by irradiated parasites. PMID- 46829 TI - The fluorescent karyotype of the tachnid fly Voria ruralis Fallen (Diptera). PMID- 46830 TI - Identification of chromosomes involved in the 9 Robertsonian fusions of the Apennine mouse with a 22-chromosome karyotype. PMID- 46831 TI - Association between rat serum alpha-macroglobulins and splenic macrophages. PMID- 46832 TI - Unique deposits in mast cells fixed with pyroantimoanate osmium tetroxide. PMID- 46833 TI - Ontogeny of B-lymphocyte function with respect to the heterogeneity of antibody affinity-1,2. AB - Neonatal liver or adult spleen was used as a source of B-lymphocytes in reconstituting lethally irradiated, syngeneic mice. Recipients were all given excess adult, syngeneic thymus cells and were immunized with dinitrophenylated bovine gamma globulin. The distribution of avidities of plaque-forming cells produced by immunized recipients of neonatal liver was highly restricted in comparison with animals reconstituted with adult spleen indicating a restriction of B-lymphocyte heterogeneity in the neonatal mouse. PMID- 46834 TI - Effects of aging on the differentiation and proliferation potentials of cells of the immune system. AB - An attempt has been made here to show that the immune system can begin to decline in function shortly after an individual reaches maturity. The decline is due in part to changes in the environment of the cells but primarily to changes in the precursor cells of the system. This is reflected in their inability to proliferate and possibly differentiate efficiently. These findings show that the immune system can serve as an excellent model to study how aging can perturb the process of cells undergoing proliferation and differentiation. PMID- 46835 TI - Panel discussion on T-cell heterogeneity. PMID- 46836 TI - Vital dye mapping of the gastrula and neurula of Xenopus laevis. I. Prospective areas and morphogenetic movements of the superficial layer. PMID- 46837 TI - Antigenic and enzymatic changes in infected and transformed human diploid cells. AB - Human diploid fibroblasts, WI-38, were infected with various agents and the levels of lysosomal enzymes determined by immunochemical quantitation. Esterase levels were raised by mumps virus and Toxoplasma gondii infection. The concentration of beta-D-glucuronidase was reduced by these same agents. Beta-D-N acetyl glucosaminidase was greatly increased in cultures infected with T. gondii and decreased by mycoplasma infection. Two cultures transformed by SV40 showed reduced levels of esterase compared with WI-38, as did one of two transformed amnion cultures. A second amnion culture and a culture of transformed Detroit 551 fibroblasts were unchanged. The levels of acid phosphatase were sharply reduced in three of the four SV40 transformed cultures tested. PMID- 46838 TI - The interaction of antibodies to two myelin proteins. AB - Antibody has been prepared to a hydrophobic myelin protein in rabbits using several different adjuvants. This antibody was found to react with the myelin basic protein. This latter activity could be absorbed out with basic protein leaving the reactivity to the hydrophobic protein, suggesting that the two myelin proteins shared a common antigenic determinant. In addition, the hydrophobic protein appears to possess a unique antigenic determinant. PMID- 46839 TI - Localization of a protein antigen in the chicken spleen. Effect of various manipulative procedures on the morphogenesis of the germinal centre. AB - The time course of the localization of a protein antigen human serum albumin (HSA) into the chicken spleen after intravenous injection is analysed. Localization within seconds to the region surrounding the Schweigger-Seidel sheaths is accomplished by HSA complexes with chicken anti-HSA or by heat aggregated HSA. The localization of soluble HSA has to await the synthesis of sufficient chicken anti-HSA to accomplish localization to the same white pulp sites in the spleen at 25-30 hours after injection. By the use of complexes of HSA-anti-HSA in ten times antigen excess, the time for localization of HSA withing germinal centres was accelerated as compared with soluble HSA, so that newly formed centres containing antigen-bearing dendritic ells were seen at 48 hours instead of 72 hours after use of soluble HSA. Neonatally bursectomized and irradiated (Bx+Irr.) birds fail to localize HSA into germinal centres or to dendritic cells within the white pulp. Heat-aggregated human gamma-globulin (HGG) injected intravenously into Bx+Irr. birds rapidly localizes within seconds to the periphery of Schweigger-Seidel sheaths and at 24 hours can be seen attached to the surface of typical dendritic cells throughout the white pulp. Hence, heat-aggregated HGG can localize to dendritic cells in the absence of specific antibody. However, such localization to dendritic cells in Bx+ Irr. birds is not followed by segregation of the aggregated HGG-bearing dendritic cells within germinal centres--a further stage in the process which is presumed to require B cells and/or specific antibody. Localization of heat-aggregated HGG to white pulp dendritic ells was prevented by treatment with pepsin sufficient to destroy the ability of aggregated HGG to activate guinea-pig complement. Similary, in vivo decomplementation with a purified anticomplementary fraction (CoF) from the venom of Naja naja resulted in failure of intravenously injected HSA to localize to white pulp dendritic cells and failure of subsequent germinal centre formation. However, such decomplementation did not prevent the localization of aggregated HGG to white pulp dendritic cells. These facts are discussed in the light of hypotheses concerning germinal centre formation and the homeostasis of the antibody response in the bird. PMID- 46840 TI - Effects of complement depletion in experimental chagas disease: immune lysis of virulent blood forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - In mice infected with virulent blood (trypomastigote) forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, complement depletion with cobra venom factor caused a marked exacerbation of the disease evidenced by significantly increased parasitemia levels and early mortality as compared with those of untreated infected animals. The effect was greater in mice receiving cobra venom factor on day 7 postinfection, i.e., at the time when the parasites had had time to localize and multiply in the tissues and appeared in the circulation in appreciable numbers. The possibility that complement participates in host defense against T. cruzi infection through a mechanism involving immune lysis was explored in vitro. T. cruzi trypomastigotes were found to undergo immune lysis in sera of patients with chronic Chagas' disease, in sera of immunized mice, and in solutions containing both immune mouse gamma globulin and a source of active complement. This phenomenon failed to take place either in the absence of complement or after complement inactivation by heat or utilizing complement inactivators. The lytic capacity of heated sera was restored by the addition of active complement to the system. During the immune lysis of T. cruzi blood forms, complement was activated in human sera via both the classical and the alternate pathways. In mouse sera, activation followed at least the alternate pathway. PMID- 46841 TI - Quantification of mouse macrophage chemotaxis in vitro: role of C5 for the production of chemotactic activity. AB - Delineation of the mechanisms of macrophage accumulation at local tissue sites will further our understanding of immunologically mediated host resistance to infectious and neoplastic diseases. Since mice are frequently used for the study of immune function, we developed a method for the quantification of mouse macrophage chemotaxis in vitro. By this method it was found that the fifth component of complement is necessary for the production of chemotactic activity in mouse serum by inflammatory agents such as endotoxin or aggregated gamma globulin. The majority of macrophage chemotactic activity produced by these agents in mouse serum can be attributed to a low-molecular-weight (ca. 15,000) chemotactic factor. The data suggest that this factor is the biologically active cleavage product of the fifth component of complement, C5a. PMID- 46842 TI - Attachment and ingestion of gonococci human neutrophils. AB - Previous studies have indirectly shown that type 1 gonococci are more resistant to phagocytosis by human neutrophils (PMN) than type 3 gonococci. Using phase contrast, fluorescent, and light microscopy, we directly quantitated PMN gonococcal interaction, with emphasis on separating ingestion from attachment. PMN monolayers were incubated on slides with type 1 or type 3 gonococcal fluorescent antibody (FA). After methanol fixation, the FA-stained gonococci associated with PMN were cointed. Since the live PMN excludes FA, the FA-stained gonococci represent only extracellular gonococci. Methylene blue was then added to the smae slide to stain both ingested and surface attached gonococci. Using these methods, intracellular and extracellular cell-associated gonococci were quantitated under varying conditions. The numbers of methylene blue-stained cell associated gonococci that were ingested were: with normal serum, 3.7 plus or minus 4.1 per cent for type 1 and 56.2 plus or minus 3.7 percent for type 3 (P smaller than 0.001); with heat-inactivated serum, 1.0 plus or minus 3.0 per cent for type 1 and 52.6 plus or minus 3.7 per cent for type 3 (P smaller than 0.001); with higher-titer anti-gonococcal antibody serum, 4.8 plus or minus 4.3 percent for type 1 and 64.0 plus or minus 1.6 per cent for type 3 (P smaller than 0.001). Thus, most type 3 organisms were ingested, but most type 1 gonococci were bound on the PMN surface. PMID- 46843 TI - Superficial antigens of Campylobacter (Vibrio) fetus: characterization of antiphagocytic component. AB - A glycoprotein responsible for the antiphagocytic properties of Campylobacter fetus has been identified by comparing cells of a wild-type strain with those of a mutant lacking this substance. The antiphagocytic component is demonstrable through electron microscopy as a discrete, negatively charged structure on the periphery of the cell. CLT is readily removed from the cell by mild extraction procedures and contributes to the inagglutinability in O antiserum normally displayed by C. fetus. Cells possessing this antigen are refractory to ingestion by macrophages except in the presence of specific antiserum. In its absence maximum phagocytosis occurs without a requirement for opsonins. It is concluded that the antiphagocytic component comprises a critical virulence factor of the bacterium. PMID- 46844 TI - Stimulation of phagocytic activity in the reticuloendothelial systems of mice by lipid A complexed with homologous or heterologous proteins. AB - Heterologous proteins are more suitable carriers than homologous proteins for the expression of endotoxic activity of lipid A prepared from the lipopolysaccharides of Salmonella typhimurium SL1102 (Re form) to stimulate the reticuloendothelial system of mice. PMID- 46845 TI - Histamine release from human leukocytes when stimulated by Mycoplasma salivarium. AB - Incubated mixtures of Mycoplasma salivarium and nonsensitized mixed leukocytes released histamine. Spectrophotofluorometric detection of histamine occurred at physiological temperature and pH independent of complement and specific antiserum. PMID- 46846 TI - [Dispelling fear of surgery from the moment of admission]. PMID- 46848 TI - Inhibition by derivatives of phloretin of anaphylactic histamine release from human lung tissue and of prostaglandin F2alpha-induced bronchoconstriction. AB - Derivatives of phloretin (25-1,000 mug/ml) among them polyphloretin phosphate (PPP), inhibited in a dose-dependent manner anaphylactic (birch pollen or horse dander) histamine release from human lung tissue passively sensitized with reaginic serum. Pretreatment with PPP of lung tissue sensitized both to birch pollen and horse dander counteracted to a similar extent the release of histamine induced by either allergen administered in sequence. The phloretin derivatives also antagonized the constrictor action of prostaglandin F2alpha on isolated human bronchi at concentrations which did not impair the responses to histamine. The low and high molecular weight derivatives of phloretin were comparably active on a weight basis in both experimental systems. PMID- 46847 TI - Half-lives of two types of rat homocytotropic antibodies in circulation and in the skin. AB - The half-lives of two classes of rat immunoglobulins with homocytotropic properties, i.e., IgE and IgG2a, in the circulating blood and in the skin were studied. The catabolism of both normal (reaginic) and pathological (myeloma) IgE proteins in circulation was found to be extremely rapid with a half-life of 12 h. In contrast, the half-life of IgE antibody in the homologous skin was calculated to be 7.4 days. On the other hand, the half-life of IgG2a in circulation was about 5 days regardless of normal or pathological origin. IgG2a protein was, however, rapidly cleared from the injected skin site with a half life of 2.4 days, a value not longer than that obtained with nonskin-sensitizing goat IgG. The results indicate that rat IgE has an extremely short half-life in circulation despite of its sensitization period in tissues, and that the affinity for the target cells, as well as the mode of sensitization, of the two classes of homocytotropic antibodies, IgE and IgG2a, is different. PMID- 46849 TI - Comparsion of the properties of two antigen-induced guinea pig lymphokines. AB - The properties of macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) and mitogenic factor (MF) were compared using culture supernatants of antigen-stimulated lymph node cells from inbred guinea pigs. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 indicated molecular weights of about 60,000 and 25,000 for MIF and MF, respectively. The lymphokines also differed with respect to heat sensitivity, MIF being largely inactivated by 60 degrees C for 20 min, whereas MF was unaffected by this treatment. The time course of production, antigen specificity of induction, and susceptibility to neuraminidase were also examined. PMID- 46851 TI - Determination of serum C9 level by immunodiffusion. Elevation in patients with infectious or allergic skin diseases. AB - The measurement of the ninth component of complement (C9) in human serum can be easily carried out by the Mancini method using antiserum raised against purified C9. The average C9 level in 29 healthy adults was 44.5 plus or minus 10.6 mug/ml. The serum C9 level was often elevated in patients with infectious or allergic skin diseases. The C9 level remained normal in most patients with collagen diseases. The availability of the monospecific antiserum has permitted identifying C9 in human serum as alpha2-globulin. PMID- 46850 TI - Chemistry of allergens. XXII. Isolation and characterization of three new antigens from the dialysates of six successive pepsin hydrolyses of beta lactoglobulin. AB - Twelve new antigens previously have been demonstrated in the pepsin digests of milk proteins. The term "new antigen" is defined as an antigen with a specificity distinct from that of the protein from which it was generated. Three new antigens (alpha-, beta-, and D2i) polypeptides and one nonantigenic gamma-polypeptide have been isolated from the dialysates of six successive pepsin hydrolyses of beta lactoglobulin. The alpha- and beta-polypeptides were 1/5 and D2i was 1/10-1/20 as potent immunogens as precursor beta-lactoglobulin as determined by the Schultz Dale technique. The minimum observed amounts of new antigen eliciting maximum response of uterine strips in the Schultz-Dale tests were: alpa-D2, 50 ng; beta D2, 15 ng; beta-D3; 10 ng; and D2i, 1,000 ng. Except for the alpha-polypeptide, the amino acid contents of the polypeptides differed markedly from that of beta lactoglobulin. The beta-polypeptide has been tentatively identified as a 33 amino acid fragment of beta-lactoglobulin (3,910 daltons). The gamma-polypeptide has been tentatively identified as a 12 amino acid fragment of beta-lactoglobulin (1,372 daltons). PMID- 46852 TI - Studies in immunodermatology. VI. IF studies of autoantibodies to the stratum corneum and of in vivo fixed IgG in stratum corneum of psoriatic lesions. AB - Indirect immunofluorescent (IF) tests on sections of normal human skin reveal the presence of antibodies to the stratum corneum in most normal human sera. Sera absorbed with hyperkeratotic scales gave negative reactions. These reactions appeared to correspond to those of the stratum corneum antibodies which were first detected by Krough and Tonder by immune adherence, though this remains to be documented since the conjugate alone stained the stratum granulosum in a pattern comparable to that of the IF staining reported by Krough. The staining was caused by conjugates with high but not by those with low fluorescein to protein ratios. In indirect IF tests, comparable titers of stratum corneum antibodies were found in sera of psoriasis patients and control subjects. Since they reacted with the stratum corneum of the antibody producer they are referred to as autoantibodies. Direct IF tests of psoriatic lesions revealed the presence of in vivo bound IgG as well as other immunoglobulins and complement in the stratum corneum. To differentiate staining with conjugated protein from direct and indirect IF staining of the stratum corneum a four-compartment test was devised. Skin sections were treated with saline or with stratum corneum antibodies and then with conjugates without (compartments 1 or 2) or with (compartments 3 or 4) anti-IgG antibodies. Sections were read by the method of Kawamura and his associates with both UV and BV illumination. Compartment 3 is a direct IF test and compartment 4 is an indirect IF test. In four-compartment tests performed on both biopsies of psoriatic lesions or scales the difference between compartments 1 or 2 and 3 affords a measure of in vivo bound IgG and the difference between compartments 3 and 4 provides information on the presence of free stratum corneum antigen. With this four-compartment test system it was found that in vivo fixation of IgG occurs in the intercellular areas of the stratum corneum of psoriatic lesions or scales and that this corresponds to the site of binding of the stratum corneum autoantibodies. This in vivo binding of IgG in the stratum corneum of psoriatic lesions resembles somewhat the intercellular fixation of IgG in the stratum spinosum in pemphigus. In the materials examined in these preliminary studies most, if not all of the stratum corneum antigen appeared to be covered with in vivo bound IgG. PMID- 46853 TI - Studies in immunodermatology. VII. Four-compartment system studies of IgG in stratum corneum and of stratum corneum antigen in biopsies of psoriasis and control dermatoses. AB - Biopsies of skin lesions from 50 cases of psoriasis and from 42 cases with other dermatoses were studied by the methods described in the foregoing report, that is by the four-compartment by the methods described in the foregoing report, that is by the four-compartment immunofluorescent (IF) system for detecting stratum corneum autoantibodies and in vivo binding of IgG in psoriatic scales at the site of the stratum corneum antigen. They were also studied histologically. Early and fully developed psoriatic lesions tended to have more widespread deposits of IgG in the stratum corneum than receding lesions. In biopsies with widespread IgG deposits the stratum corneum antigen usually could not be demonstrated because of blocking by in vivo bound IgG. Of the 42 control biopsies of skin lesions from patients with other dermatoses which were examined with this system two gave the IF staining patterns which were seen most commonly in psoriatic lesions. In these two cases strong widespread IgG deposits occurred in compartment 3, and 4 was very similar to compartment 3. One case was diagnosed as lichen planus and one as cornu cutaneum. Comparisons of the IF findings in psoriatic and control lesion biopsies indicate that significantly more of the former have: (1) IgG deposits at the combining sites of stratum corneum antibodies (92 vs. 50%) and (2) no demonstrable stratum corneum antigen because of 'blocking' by in vivo bound IgG, i.e. compartment 3 like 4 (56 vs. 7%). A highly significant inverse relation between the in vivo deposits of IgG and demonstrability of stratum corneum antigen appeared regardless of the clinical condition. This observation lends support to the view that the IgG which is bound to the sites of the stratum corneum antigen in ski; lesions may in fact be in vivo bound stratum corneum antoantibody. PMID- 46854 TI - Lymphoid cells in infectious mononucleosis classified according to T and B cell markers. AB - It has been demonstrated that peripheral blood lymphocytes, particularly the "atypical" ones, are predominantly of the T type in infectious mononucleosis (IM). This is based on membrane marker studies (E rosettes, receptor for complement, receptor for Fc fragment of immunoglobulins (Ig), and membrane Ig) and by anti-T lymphocyte serum. On the other hand, lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from IM patients show the characteristics of B lymphocytes. This permits the suppostion that EBV infects B lymphocytes and stimulates them to proliferate. The cell proliferation is unlimited in vitro and is probably controlled in vivo by T cells. The reduction of cellular immunity in vivo, which contrasts with the high number of T cells in peripheral blood, could be explained by the fact that T cells are engaged in the regulation of B cell proliferation. PMID- 46855 TI - Observations on rabbit thymocytes and peripheral T cells. I. Anomalous results in the mixed antiglobulin reaction caused by non-specific adsorption of sheep immunoglobulin. AB - The "single-stage" mixed antiglobulin reaction (MAR) was carried out with rabbit thymocytes. This test involved treating the cells with either sheep or goat anti rabbit globulin sera, and subsequently reacting them with indicator erythrocytes coated with rabbit immunoglobulin (Ig) so as to form rosettes. An unexpectedly high number (up to 38%) of thymocytes reacted, although the rosettes were weaker than those given by peripheral B lymphocytes. When blood and lymph node lymphocytes or thymus cells which had already been treated with sheep anti-rabbit globulin serum were subsequently exposed to rabbit anti-sheep Ig serum and then rosetted with indicator cells coated with ox Ig (cross-reacts with sheep Ig) almost 100% reaction was obtained in each of the cell suspensions. This was designated the "two-stage" MAR. The anomalous results, both in the one-stage and two-stage MAR, were abolished by pepsin-treating the sheep anti-rabbit globulin serum; thus indicating that sheep Ig is adsorbed non-specifically via the Fc part of the molecules to the surface of rabbit thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes. PMID- 46856 TI - Immune response in the guinea pig to penicillin-autologous carrier proteins. AB - The spontaneous fixation of penicillin G on guinea pig serum protein was studied. Serum albumin and Ig were shown to fix firmly over 95% of penicillin. Therefore, guinea pigs were immunized with penicillin alone or penicillin-autologous carrier protein conjugates. The production of hemagglutinating antibody, of MIF and the in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes were analyzed as immunological parameters. The results showed that in all cases the strongest immunological response was obtained with animals immunized with the protein-hapten conjugates, whereas no response could be obtained with the carrier protein alone. Finally it was shown that the conjugates significantly stimulated purified T cell population. These results suggest that the antigenic recognition of penicillin involves the participation of lymphocytes. PMID- 46857 TI - Optical versus radiographic magnification for fine-detail skeletal radiography. AB - Fine-detail radiographic techniques for peripheral skeletal imaging have gained wide clinical acceptance. In this study, the imaging properties and clinical applications of the optical magnification technique, which employs fine-grain industrial film and a large focal spot, are compared quantitatively and qualitatively with those of three slow screen-film techniques, namely, contact exposure with a large focal spot, 2 times radiographic magnification with a 0.3 mm focal spot, and 4 times radiographic magnification with a 50 mu focal spot. The modulation transfer functions (MTF's) of the recording systems and focal spots are obtained and film sensitometry performed. Clinical comparisons are made for patients with metabolic, arthritic, and neoplastic skeletal disorders. The results illustrate the superiority of the optical magnification technique over contact or 2 times magnification techniques using slow screen-film systems. If a microfocus tube is used, however, direct radiographic magnification may provide images comparable in resolution, noise and contrast to those made with the optical magnification technique, and at lower radiation exposure to the patient. PMID- 46858 TI - Ultrastructural localization of L-alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase in rat liver perioxisomes. AB - The localization of L-alpha-hydroxy acid oxidase in rat liver peroxisomes was studied using slight modifications of the Shnitka and Talibi (1971) method. Best results were obtained with formaldehyde fixation and incubation with glycolate as substrate. Following incubation the copper ferrocyanide reaction product was amplified with 3,3'-diamino-benzidine according to Hanker et al. (1972a,b). Dense reaction product was visible in hepatocyte peroxisomes by light and electron microscopy. Some diffusion of enzyme and/or reaction product into the adjacent cytoplasm occurred around the peroxisomes. Apparent non-specific deposits occurred on the plasmalemma, in the nucleus, and occasionally over mitochondria. Glutaraldehyde fixation severely inhibited enzymatic activity, and the enzyme showed less activity toward L-lactate and DL-alpha-hydroxybutyrate. PMID- 46859 TI - The demonstration of arylsulfatases with 4-nitro-1,2-benzenediol mono(hydrogen sulfate) by the formation of osmium blacks at the sites of copper capture. AB - A new method is described for the direct cytochemical demonstration of lysosomal arylsulfatases utilizing a synthetic substrate, 4-nitro-1,2-benzenediol mono(hydrogen sulfate), and a copper capture reaction. A small amount of Hatchett's brown (cupric ferrocyanide, Cu2Fe(CN)6-7 H2O) formed at the subcellular sites of copper capture is then utilized as a heterogeneous catalyst to effect the oxidative polymerization of 3,3'-diaminobenzidine which results in the formation of an insoluble, highly colored osmiophilic indamine polymer at the sites of enzymatic activity. The reaction product even at this stage prior to osmication is highly visible. It is readily seen with a light microscope in 50 mum sections of fixed tissues prepared with a mechanical chopper or in 10 micron cryostat sections treated for arylsulfatase activity. Upon osmication, an electron-opaque osmium black is formed which is much less soluble than the products of either the lead or barium capture reactions currently used for the demonstration of arylsulfatase with the electron microscope. The selection of areas of plastic-embedded tissues for ultrathin sectioning is facilitated by the ready visibility of these osmium black end products on 1-2 mum plastic sections which can be studied with the light microscope. This method gives permanent specimens demonstrating arylsulfatases A or B in lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles. In addition, enzyme activity is seen occasionally in the Golgi region or lamellae of certain cells believed to be elaborating sulfated products. In these instances, it may be demonstrating sulfotransferase activity. PMID- 46860 TI - Use of the analytical electron microscope (AEM) in cytochemical studies of the central nervous system. AB - Central nervous tissues (median eminence and arcuate nucleus) were studied by means of energy dispersive x-ray analysis using electron optical systems (analytical electron microscopy). These studies were conducted after the tissue had been treated specifically for localized biogenic amines (BA). The results indicate that not only is the BA cytochemical reaction highly specific, and that BAs can be localized intraneuronally in areas not previously identified, but also that the analytical electron microscope is a very valuable and potentially powerful tool in the studies of inclusion bodies and organelles in the central nervous system and other tissues. Thus, the nonspecific density production by osmium tetroxide can be elucidated from the specific BA reaction plus other areas of the nervous system containing density producing heavy metals, i.e., iron are readily identifiable. PMID- 46861 TI - Observations on the selective demonstration of nucleolar material by protein staining techniques in epon thick sections. AB - The effect of different protein stainings on thick sections of Epon embedded salivary glands of Chironomus pallidivittatus is described. Pretreatment of sections with several metallic salts affected the affinity for aniline blue black in different structures. The uranyl and aluminium ions followed by aniline blue black resulted in a highly selective nucleolar staining which proved also efficient in Allium cepa meristematic cells and which seems useful for the preferential demonstration of nucleolar material in thick sections. PMID- 46862 TI - The influence of fixation on staining of glycosaminoglycans in glial cells. AB - Cytoplasmic staining of glial cells by Alcian blue in 0.40 M magnesium chloride can be demonstrated in sections of brain tissue fixed in formol-acetic acid and in Bouin's solution. Phosphate-buffered aldehyde fixatives, whether at neutral or low pH, fail to preserve stainable material. PMID- 46863 TI - Fine structure of Methanospirillum hungatii. AB - The fine structure of Methanospirillum hungatii was studied by electron microscopy. The topography of the cell wall and the mechanism of cell division are not typical of gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria. A novel architectural arrangement of cells in continuous spiral filaments is described. Filamentous cells are connected by spacers and enclosed within a rigid outer envelope. The unique ultrastructural features of cells and cell spacers were examined. PMID- 46865 TI - Regulation of acetohydroxy acid synthase in streptomycin-dependent Escherichia coli. AB - Growth of streptomycin-dependent mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 was insensitive to valine when dihydrostreptomycin was present in a nonlimiting concentration in glucose-salts medium. Acetohydroxy acid synthase was derepressed under these conditions, owing to relaxation of catabolite repression. Valine sensitivity and catabolite repression were restored when streptomycin-dependent E. coli K-12 mutants were grown with limiting dihydrostreptomycin. End product repression of acetohydroxy acid synthase under conditions of relaxed catabolite repression was effected by any two (or more) end products except the combination valine plus isoleucine, which caused derepression. Single end products had no detectable effect on acetohydroxy acid synthase formation. PMID- 46864 TI - Precursor relationship of phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid from Escherichia coli treated with chloramphenicol or starved for iron, methionine, or cysteine. AB - When treated with chloramphenicol, Escherichia coli 15T minus produces two new species (IV and V) of transfer ribonucleic acid specific for phenylalanine in addition to the major normal species (II) and two minor normal species (I and III), which are seen as distinct components upon fractionation by chromatography on columns of benzoylated diethylaminoethyl-cellulose. Species IV is produced when cells are grown in iron-deficient medium and is, therefore, probably deficient in the 2-methylthio modification of N-6-(delta-2-isopentenyl) adenosine. A new minor species (Va) also appears under those conditions. All of the new components elute earlier than the major normal species. Addition of chloramphenicol to iron-deficient cells leads to the production of species V, and that production is blocked by rifampin, as is the production of species IV. Thus, species IV and V appear to be transcriptional products. Although E. coli 15T minus appears to be rel plus, starvation for methionine or cysteine leads to the accumulation of species IV (without addition of chloramphenicol); rifampin blocks the accumulation. Species V is still produced on addition of chloramphenicol to starved cultures. Starvation for arginine or tryptophan does not alter the chromatographic profile from the normal case. Treatment with permanganate indicates that species II and IV contain isopentenyladenosine but that species V does not. Species V appears to be deficient in both isopentenyl and methylthio modifications of adenosine and perhaps at least one other modification, because removing the isopentenyl moiety from adenosine does not convert species IV into species V, but converts it into species Va. A precursor relationship among species V, VI, and II is suggested by following the chromatographic profile of phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acid during recovery of E. coli from treatment with chloramphenicol; the various species increase and decrease in a sequential manner. PMID- 46866 TI - Filters for monochrome photomicrography of Cryptococcus neoformans in histological sections. PMID- 46867 TI - Results of treatment of spinal tuberculosis by "middle-path" regime. AB - The efficacy of modern drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis of the spine has been evaluated by a personal follow-up for three to ten years. Operation on the vertebral lesion was done only for those patients with or without neural complications who failed to respond favourably to drug therapy and rest. Thus absolute indications for operation were present in only 6 per cent of cases without neural involvement and in 60 per cent of patients with neural deficit. Of patients who responded to drug therapy alone, only 19 per cent revealed increase of kyphosis by more than 10 degrees. The diseased area showed radiological evidence of osseous replacement of 29-6 per cent of cases, of fibro-osseous union in 50 per cent and of fibrous replacement in 20-2 per cent. The overall results of this regime compare favourably with those of radical operation. It is suggested that treatment should in the first place be by modern antitubercular drugs. PMID- 46868 TI - Protein migration into nuclei. I. Frog oocyte nuclei in vivo accumulate microinjected histones, allow entry to small proteins, and exclude large proteins. AB - A technique is presented which enables one to measure the extent to which a protein enters and accumulates in the nucleus of the frog oocyte. In this method, the protein, labeled with 125-I, is microinjected into the oocyte. After incubation, the oocyte is manually enucleated and the radioactivity in the nucleus and cytoplasm is determined. Using this technique, proteins lighter than 20,000 daltons were found to enter the nucleus and completely equilibrate between the nucleus and cytoplasm within 24 h. The entry of proteins heavier than 69,000 daltons was severely hindered. Histones and histone fractions entered as quickly as other small proteins, but, in contrast to these proteins, they accumulated in the nucleus to different extents, depending on the total amount of histone injected into the oocyte and the identity of the histone. Evidence is presented that histone fractions compete with each other for accumulation in the nucleus. PMID- 46869 TI - Development and validation of a radioimmunoassay for peptides related to beta melanocyte-stimulating hormone in human plasma: the lipotropins. AB - A radioimmunoassay is described for the measurement of human "beta-melanocyte stimulating hormone" ("betah-MSH"). Two antisera have been used, one of which cross-reacts with synthetic betah-MSH as well as with the two larger pituitary peptides betah- and gammah-lipotropin (betah- and gammah-LPH) and the other mainly with betah-MSH and gammah-LPH. The sensitivity and reliability of the assay have been improved by employing a simple plasma extraction procedure, and the shelf-life of the iodinated betah-MSH tracer has been increased more than five-fold by storage in a concentrated human serum albumin solution. Using a 5 ml plasma sample the detection limit is 6 pg/ml. The mean resting "betah-MSH" level in normal subjects is 21 pg/ml (range 13-38 pg/ml) at 9 AM and 12 pg/ml (range 6 20 pg/ml) at 9 PM. Levels are considerably elevated (51-12,000 pg/ml) in patients with Addison's disease. Nelson's syndrome, Cushing's disease and the "ectopic" ACTH syndrome. After administration of insulin or pyrogen, the concentration of plasma "betah-MSH" increases in parallel with that of ACTH and they are approximately equivalent on a molar basis. The stability of purified betah- and gammah-LPH and endogenous "betah-MSH" when incubated in vitro in fresh blood or plasma are similar, in contrast to the less stable peptide synthetic betah-MSH. It is suggested that "betah-MSH" immunoreactivity in human plasma is due to betah and gammah-LPH rather than betah-MSH. PMID- 46870 TI - Effects of repeated oral doses of demethylchlortetracycline on bones and dentin of young rhesus monkeys. AB - Seven oral doses of demethylchlortetracycline were administered to monkeys that received serial injections of lead acetate to intravitally stain calcification sites. Bone growth was greatly inhibited, whereas dentin apposition was spared from the cumulative toxicity of demethylchlortetracycline. Cessation of bone growth and its duration could be correlated with serum levels. PMID- 46871 TI - Minocycline and its influence on calcifying tissues of young monkeys. PMID- 46872 TI - An evaluation of programmed text, slide-tape, and lecture at six dental schools. AB - The results of previous studies reported in the literature have been inconclusive as regards the effectiveness of programmed instruction as compared to the lecture method. The results of this study demonstrate that the formats are, in the end, of similar effectiveness. Therefore, the choice of teaching format in a dental school can safely be based on considerations other than the amount of learning that will occur. PMID- 46873 TI - Effects of aging on granulopoietic activity (colony-stimulating factor). AB - This investigation was undertaken to determine whether there is a decrease of granulopoietic activity in subjects of the geriatric age group. Colony stimulating factor (CSF) is an alpha glycoprotein which causes proliferation of granulocytes in vitro. A study was made of the variation in the level of CSF with age and the state of health in 78 subjects. They were classified into two groups young (ages 22-60) and old (ages 70-94). The state of health was classified as normal, acute disease, or chronic disease. The results showed that serum CSF does vary with age and health. The CSF levels were higher in the young than in the old. For both age groups, the CSF levels were elevated in acute disease, and subnormal in chronic disease. PMID- 46874 TI - Comparison of Sirius red and Congo red as stains for amyloid in animal tissues. AB - Sirius red and Congo red were compared for specificity and sensitivity of amyloid staining in animal and human material. Previously described advantages of Sirius red as an amyloid dye were confirmed, as well as its disadvantage of lack of ultraviolet fluorescence. Two further disadvantages of Sirius red were discovered, both relating to animal material: (a) its unexpectedly weak staining of early experimentally induced amyloid deposits and (b) frequent uncontrollable nonspecific staining of fibrous tissues. It is therefore concluded that, overall, Congo red used by the improved alkaline technique of Puchtler, Sweat and Levine (1962) remains the best single method for demonstration of amyloid in both human and animal tissues. PMID- 46875 TI - Letter to the editor: Subtypes of the histochemical type I muscle fibers. PMID- 46876 TI - Abnormal mast cell granules in the beige (Chediak-Higashi syndrome) mouse. AB - Mast cells of beige (C57BL/6J) (bg-j/bg-j) mice were examined histochemically and ultrastructurally. Mast cell granules in the beige mice were markedly enlarged and irregular in shape. Granule contents stained uniformly with acidified toluidine blue, but with ruthenium red and Alcian Blue-safranin, two components were evident. The rims of the abnormal granules stained with ruthenium red and with Alcian Blue; the centers of the granules were clear with ruthenium red and stained with safranin. Mast cell granules thus represent another abnormal organelle in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. PMID- 46877 TI - Letters to the editor: A technique of fiber selection from human muscle tissue cultures for histochemical-electronmicroscopic studies. PMID- 46878 TI - Letter: Acrylamide affinity chromatography for immunohistochemistry. Purification of specific antibodies. PMID- 46879 TI - Adoptive transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE): prevention of successful transfer by treatment of donors with myelin basic protein. AB - After onset of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), guinea pigs can be effectively treated by injection with myelin basic protein (BP). In order to localize the site of action of BP, cells from sensitized donors treated with BP one, two, three, or four times after disease onset have been transferred to normal recipients. One injection of BP has no effect on ability of cells to transfer EAE. Two injections partially inhibit transfer. After the third and fourth injections the sensitized cells lose their capacity to transfer EAE. The therapeutic effect of BP previously demonstrated in actively sensitized guinea pigs must involve the specifically sensitized cells rather than the target organ. PMID- 46880 TI - Immunofluorescent studies on antibodies directed to a buried membrane structure present in lymphocytes and erythrocytes. AB - Brief digestion of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by vibrio cholera neuraminidase (VCN) revealed hidden components of the membrane. Autologous human serums contained antibodies directed to these components that were readily demonstrated by immunofluorescence. Antibodies of similar specificity were found in all normal serums. The antibodies were principally of the IgM variety with lesser amounts of the IgG class present. They were equally active at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The VCN revealed membrane determinants were present in normal B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia and cells of lymphoid lines. The newly revealed determinants slowly disappeared upon culture of the lymphocytes. These hidden components were similarly demonstrated in erythrocyte membranes and represent the T antigen long known for the red blood cells. Absorption by either VCN treated autologous lymphocytes or erythroyctes removed all of the antibodies capable of reacting with both cell types. Absorption by VCN digested isologous lymphocytes removed all reactivity with autologous lymphocytes. PMID- 46881 TI - Immune specific production of interferon by human T cells in combined macrophage lymphocyte cultures in response to Herpes simplex antigen. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes, highly enriched for T cells, were obtained by passing gravity-sedimented leukocytes through nylon wool columns. The eluted cells were cultured with autologous macrophages and the mixture was studied for its capacity to produce interferon in vitro in response to stimulation with herpes simplex virus antigen. The interferon produced by the combined macrophage lymphocyte cultures was shown to depend upon the presence of T cells; elimination of these cells by treatment with an anti-T cell serum plus complement greatly diminished the amount of interferon produced. The memory for the immune-specific release of interferon also appeared to be carried by the T lymphocytes rather than the glass-adherent macrophages. Furthermore, the results suggest that under our conditions of culture immune-specific interferon originates from T cells. PMID- 46882 TI - Characterization of human B lymphocyte specific antigens. AB - Anti-human B cell serum (ABS) was developed by sequentially absorbing a rabbit anti-human tonsil serum (AHTS) with human red cells, liver, serum, and thymocytes. AHTS was also absorbed quantitatively with tissues and cells from different sources. ABS was nontoxic for thymocytes but lysed the majority of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. This also killed a number of tonsil and blood lymphocytes which bound erythrocyte-antibody-complement complexes but not sheep erythrocytes. In further studies, it was shown that phytohemagglutin responsibility of peripheral blood lymphocytes was not affected by treating them with ABS and complement. Anti-B cell activity of AHTS was not changed by absorption with thymus, liver, kidney, and brain tissues but absorbed with tonsil and CLL cells. These data confirm the B cell specificity of ABS. Indirect immunofluorescence was carried out on tissue sections of human tonsils and lymph nodes, which indicated that ABS-reactive cells were concentrated in lymphoid follicles including germinal centers, while plasma cells and cells located in the thymus-dependent area were essentially devoid of immunofluorescence. PMID- 46883 TI - Strain differences in ease of tolerance induction to bovine gamma-globulin: dependence on macrophage function. AB - DBA/2 mice are highly susceptible while BALB/c mice are resistant to the induction of tolerance with ultracentrifuged BGG. As measured by the clearance of a test dose of 125-I-BGG, 2 mg ultracentrifuged BGG is sufficient to induce complete tolerance in DBA/2 mice, while BALB/c mice exhibit a clearance rate similar to immune controls. BALB/c mice pretreated with carrageenan (a macrophage toxic agent) lose their resistance to tolerance induction with 2 mg ultracentrifuged BGG, while treatment with cobra venom factor does not alter their resistance to tolerance induction. Stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system with BCG produces a reduction in the susceptibility to tolerance of DBA/2 mice. This effect is transitory, with the maximum effect 3 weeks after BCG infection. Biologic filtration of BGG through BALB/c mice results in a preparation which is highly tolerogenic for recipient mice and this ability to filter the immunogenic portion of BGG is radioresistant. The results provide evidence for the concept that the differential susceptibility to the induction of tolerance is related to a macrophage function in the inductive phase of immunity. PMID- 46885 TI - Prevention of calcium ionophore-induced release of histamine in rat mast cells by disodium cromoglycate. PMID- 46884 TI - Specificity of basophils and lymphocytes in cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity. AB - Using a rosetting technique, it was found that the vast majority of basophils circulating in the blood or accumulating in the skin reactions of guinea pigs primed for cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) lacked demonstrable specificity for sensitizing antigen, whether sheep erythrocytes, a soluble protein, or tumor cells. By contrast, one-third of cells teased from late skin reactions formed specific rosettes as did nearly 80% of circulating basophils in animals receiving repeated doses of whole sheep blood. Unreactive basophils teased from CBH reactions readily acquired rosetting capacity on exposure to immune serum. With regard to lymphocyte (and hence reaction) specificity, both CBH and classic delayed hypersensitivity (DH) reactions exhibited a high degree of carrier specificity when dinitrophenyl-conjugates were used. Thus, in the hapten-carrier combinations examined thus far, the antigen skin test requirements for both CBH and DH have been identical and are those required for inducing an active lymphocyte response. These findings indicate that control mechanisms other than homocytotropic antibodies must be sought to explain the accumulation and behavior of basophils in CBH reactions and, coupled with other data, suggest that lymphocytes and/or their products are likely candidates for this role. PMID- 46886 TI - Dimeric and monomeric forms of HL-A antigens solubilized by detergent. PMID- 46887 TI - Anti-receptor antibody. I. Isolation and characterization of the immunoglobulin receptor for phosphorylcholine. AB - We have demonstrated a phosphorylcholine-binding protein in lysates from radioiodinated splenocytes of immunized mice. Immunoprecipitation with anti receptor antibody of lysates from splenocytes obtained from animals undergoing a primary response or from mice immunized 4 to 6 months earlier with antigen demonstrated that this protein contained H and L chains. Therefore, we have isolated an antigen-specific receptor from the surface of spleen cells from both immunized and "memory" animals. This receptor Ig comprises approximately 10% of total cell surface Ig. PMID- 46888 TI - Anti-receptor antibody. II. Induction of long-term unresponsiveness in neonatal mice. AB - We have examined the ability of anti-receptor antibody (ARA) to induce specific unresponsiveness to the hapten, phosphorylcholine (PC), in neonatal and adult mice. When ARA is given to adult mice, suppression is of short duration. Cells from such mice are responsive in vitro, indicating that suppression in vivo is probably due to blockade of receptors by persisting ARA. ARA given to neonatal mice induces long-term unresponsiveness. The mice apparently have decreased numbers of PC-responsive cells, since cells from such mice are unresponsive both in vitro and in adoptive transfer. Furthermore, cells from neonatally suppressed animals do not suppress the response of normal cells either in vitro or in adoptive transfer, indicating that unresponsiveness is most likely not due to active suppression. We therefore conclude that ARA given to neonates depletes the clone of receptor-bearing cells at the time ARA is given. Clonal depletion may result from antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 46889 TI - Control of histamine release: effects of various conditions on rate of release and rate of cell desensitization. AB - Histamine release from rat mast cells by dextran and by antigen under various conditions was studied in terms of the rate of release and the duration of release, which together determined the total amount released. Reducing the concentration of the releasing agent decreased the rate of release without greatly affecting its duration. Reducing the temperature also decreased the rate, but prolonged the duration. Under all of the various conditions, release stopped as the cells became desensitized to the releasing agent. It appeared, therefore, that the rate of desensitization controlled the duration of release. PMID- 46890 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to the H-2 associated Slp alloantigen in the mouse. AB - A survey of sixteen standard inbred and congenic resistant strains of mice reveals that the ability to mount an immune response to the Slp allotype is associated with the H-2 type of the recipient. Strains carrying the H-2f, H-2k, and H-2q haplotypes are able to produce specific antibody whereas strains of the H-2b haplotype are non-responders. Analysis of F1-hybrids and four informative intra-H-2-recombinants demonstrates that the ability to respond to the Slp allotype is controlled by a dominant gene associated with the K end of the H-2 complex. PMID- 46891 TI - Detection of membrane-associated antigens on lymphoid cells by antibody coupled to staphylococcal protein A. AB - A simple technique is described for the detection of membrane-associated antigens on lymphoid cells. It is based on the observation that the protein A component of staphylococci binds to the Fc pieces of IgG molecules. Lymphocytes from various sources (mouse, rat, and human tissues) were incubated with hyperimmune antisera directed against surface determinants. Subsequent treatment with a suspension of staphylococci containing protein A permitted visualization of both the presence and distribution of determinants on the cell membrane. The method had comparable sensitivity to the fluorescent sandwich technique and could be used to detect a variety of membrane antigens on both T cells and B cells. PMID- 46892 TI - Complement-induced histamine release from human basophils. I. Generation of activity in human serum. AB - The incubation of zymosan, endotoxin, or immune aggregates with normal human serum activates a factor which induces release of histamine from autologous basophils. The reaction can be divided into two steps: in the first, complement must be activated and in the second, the histamine-releasing factor interacts with basophils. The generation of histamine-releasing activity in serum occurs at 17 to 37 degrees C but not at 0 degrees C, is inhibited by heating the serum at 56 degrees C for 30 min, or by the addition of EDTA to the serum. Once generated, the histamine-liberating activity is stable to heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min. Gel filtration of the activated serum demonstrated that this factor eluted in the same region as a factor with chemotactic activity. Both factors have a molecular weight of about 16,000 daltons and their activities were inhibited by antibody to human C5. This is therefore a pathway for histamine release by C5a where the activation of the basophil is unrelated to the membrane bound IgE. PMID- 46893 TI - A radioactive hapten-binding assay for measuring antibodies to the pentapeptide determinant of peptidoglycan. AB - A major portion of the humoral immune response to peptidoglycans is directed against the non-cross-linked pentapeptide side chains of these ubiquitous bacterial antigens. At present, no specific and sensitive assay for pentapeptide antibody determination is available. Therefore, a radioimmunoassay has been developed which employs the synthetic pentapeptide hapten L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys D-Ala-D-Ala, labeled by the active ester method of Bolton and Hunter to high specific activities (6.74 to 18.18 muCi/mug) with 125I, and used as a reagent for measuring pentapeptide antibody. A-variant streptococcal antisera, known to contain pentapeptide antibodies as shown by quantitative precipitation, would bind more than 95% of the radiolabeled hapten in contrast to 2 to 3% by preimmune rabbit sera. Specificity of the binding reaction was demonstrated by inhibition experiments imploying various synthetic oligopeptides related or unrelated to the pentapeptide in the radioimmunoassay. Binding curves established with serial dilutions of peptidoglycan antiserum were linear from 15 to 500 mug/ml of antibody permitting pentapeptide antibody measurement within this range. Comparative data on pentapeptide antibody determinations by quantitative precipitation and radioimmunoassay are given and the time course of the production of this antibody in 14 rabbits hyperimmunized with A-variant streptococcal vaccine is reported. PMID- 46894 TI - In vitro studies on allotype suppression. II. Regulation of antibody synthesis by anti-allotype serum. AB - The regulatory effects of rabbit antibodies specific for light chain determinants (b locus) on the formation of rabbit serum immunoglobulins have been studied in an in vitro system which measures of the response of unprimed rabbit spleen cells to solubilized T2 phage antigen. Treatment of spleen cells from b4b4 rabbits with anti-b4 serum, which was either incorporated into the culture medium or employed in appropriate pulse treatment of the cells before culture, prevented the formation of T2 neutralizing antibodies by such cells. Spleen cells of heterozygous (b4b5) rabbits formed anti-T2 antibodies which could be shown to be divided between the b4 and b5 specificities. Incorporation of anti-b4 or anti-b5 serum into the culture medium suppressed the specific anti-T2 response and, except in the instances noted in the text, did not significantly change the level of T2 neutralizing antibodies marked with the alternate allelic determinant. These findings are discussed in the light of the compensatory formation of an alternate immunoglobulin type which occurs during allotype suppression in vivo. PMID- 46895 TI - Studies on tolerance induction in vitro. I. Production of immunologically tolerant rabbit spleen cells and the transfer of tolerance to untreated cells. AB - Tolerance was induced in rabbit spleen cells by incubation with solubilized T2 phage (S-T2)2 at 37degrees C. Spleen cells thus treated maintained normal responsiveness to an unrelated antigen, S-SP82. Transfer of tolerance was demonstrated in in vitro in that the addition of washed tolerant cells caused suppression of the response of untreated cells to an immunogenic dose of S-T2. Evidence is presented that this suppression is not due to the transfer of tolerogenic quantities of antigen. Spleen cell populations depleted of adherent cells were still capable of being made tolerant and of transferring tolerance. PMID- 46896 TI - Studies on the control of antibody synthesis. IX. Effect of boosting on antibody affinity. AB - The effect of boosting on antibody affinity was studied in a haptenic system. Generally, boosting results in the prompt synthesis of high affinity anti-hapten antibody. However, repeated boosting frequently leads to a decrease in the amount and affinity of the serum antibody. Repeated boosting with hapten on a carrier different from that used for priming selectively stimulates synthesis of the highest affinity anti-hapten antibody and does not result in a decrease in affinity. Priming with soluble antigen without adjuvants results in the synthesis of low affinity antibody. After such priming, boosting stimulates low affinity antibody synthesis and repeated boosting leads to a moderate increase in antibody affinity. PMID- 46897 TI - Presence of thymic antigen on rabbit basophils. AB - A goat heteroantiserum specific for a rabbit thymus lymphocyte antigen (RTLA) reacted with rabbit basophils resulting in the release of histamine. This activity was equally absorbed out by thymocytes or basophils. Absorption with either of these cell types also resulted in equal loss of thymocytotoxicity. No effect in either system occurred after absorption with either granulocytes or rabbit fibroblasts. These results could not be explained by the presence of immune complexes or aggregated globulin present in the RTLA antiserum. Further, the RTLA anti-serum had no anti-IgE activity, as demonstrated by its lack of reactivity with mast cells that were otherwise capable of releasing histamine normally after challenge with antigen. We have thus shown a basic difference between mast cells and basophils. We conclude that the rabbit basophil may bear a thymic marker. PMID- 46898 TI - Induction of blood eosinophilia by pulmonary embolization of antigen-coated particles: the relationship to cell-mediated immunity. AB - A method of immunization has been described which consists of the i. v. injection into rats of large latex particles coated with human gamma-globulin (HGG). The coated particles embolize the pulmonary capillary bed and induce blood eosinophilia, which correlated strongly with the development of lymphocyte responsiveness to HGG in vitro. Sequential histologic studies of the lungs including ultrastructural analysis suggest a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the coated particles. These studies support the concept that the induction of blood eosinophilia may be mediated by T lymphocytes. PMID- 46899 TI - Determination of antibody-hapten association kinetics: a simplified experimental approach. AB - A simplified method has been developed for the determination of antibody-hapten association kinetics that permits the study of high affinity interactions with second order forward rate constants of the order of 10-7 to 10-8 M-1 sec-1. Use of tritiated haptens of high specific activity and antibodies of high affinity allows reactions to be run at initial hapten and antibody concentrations of the order of 10-9 to 10-10M, well below the level at which mixing becomes the rate limiting step. Separation of antibody-bound from free hapten by the use of dextran-coated charcoal can be carried out with sufficient rapidity (2 sec) that the systems under investigation are not appreciably disturbed. With this technique, the association of 3-H-ouabain with rabbit ouabain-specific antibody was found to occur with a rate constant of 0.8 times 10-7 M-1 sec-1, similar to association rates of dye haptens with antibodies of substantially lower affinity. The ratio of this association rate constant to the independently determined dissociation rate constant was 5.4 times 10-9 M-1, in satisfactory agreement with a ko value of 3.5 times 10-9 M-1 determined by Sips analysis of data obtained under equilibrium conditions. This approach should be applicable to the direct kinetic assessment of numerous high affinity antibody-hapten systems of current interest. PMID- 46900 TI - Role of the eosinophil in the allergic reactions. I. EDI-an eosinophil-derived inhibitor of histamine release. AB - An inhibitor of histamine release was found to be associated with the human eosinophilic leukocyte. This eosinophil-derived inhibitor (EDI) was released from eosinophil-rich fractions upon sonication or interaction with immune reactants (specific allergens or anti-IgE). EDI was found to exert its inhibitory action at the target cell level by increasing the intracellular levels of cyclic-AMP. Preliminary electron microscopic studies show the presence of IgE on the eosinophilic leukocyte and it is suggested that the allergen or anti-IgE-induced release of EDI might be due to a direct interaction of these immune reactants with the eosinophil-bound IgE antibody. The results also suggest that by virtue of liberating a histamine release inhibitor such as EDI, the eopsinophil assumes a modulating role in the allergic inflammatory reaction. PMID- 46901 TI - Role of the eosinophil in the allergic reactions. II. Release of prostaglandins from human eosinophilic leukocytes. AB - Human eosinophilic leukocytes respond to a variety of stimuli by liberating an inhibitor of histamine release. The active principle(s) in this eosinophil derived inhibitor (EDI) was found to be a mixture of acidic lipids of similar physiocochemical behavior and biologic activity to prostaglandins E1 and E2. Indomethacin, an inhibitor or prostaglandin synthesis, specifically blocked the immune release of EDI. The results indicate that stimulation of human eosinophilic leukocytes results in synthesis and release of prostaglandins E1 and E2 from these cells. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that the eosinophil assumes a modulatory role in the allergic inflammatory reaction. The ways by which, under specific antigenic (allergenic) stimulation, human eosinophils could modulate the events asssociated with the allergic response, through the released prostaglandins, are discussed. PMID- 46902 TI - Intracellular supravital stain delocalization as an assay for antibody-dependent complement-mediated cell damage. AB - The ability of hamster SV40 tumor cells to concentrate Neutral Red into localized intracytoplasmic vacuoles and granules has been correlated with the ability of those cells to adhere and to replicate in tissue culture. Cells damaged by complement-fixing anti-tumor antibody and metabolic inhibitors first undergo delocalization of the dye, which appears as a diffuse stain throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm. More severely damaged cells lose the stain entirely, at a stage of progressive cell damage correlated with Trypan Blue uptake. A rapid and sensitive cytotoxic assay procedure has been based upon Neutral Red staining behavior, and the assay has been used to study antibody-dependent, complement mediated cytotoxic anti-SV40 tumor activity in the sera of normal hamsters. PMID- 46903 TI - Radioelectrocomplexing: a counterelectrophoretic method for hapten--antibody interaction. AB - We have described an application of a radioimmunoassay (RIA)method, known as radioelectrocomplexing (REC), which involves the anodal migration of antigen and the cathodal migration of antibody in agar electrophoresis. The agar is divided into zones of free antigen (DNP125I-HSA) and antigen bound with anti-DNP. Complete assays of anti-DNP can be performed in 2-4 hr since both immune complex formation and separation of free from bound antigen can be accomplished by electrophoresis in 60-90 min. Estimation of the weight of specifically-purified anti-DNP chicken antibodies in the nanogram range by REC is of the same order as the reported sensitivity of other RIA methods. The method was capable of demonstrating the higher avidity of the 17 S than 7 S antibody. Based on hapten inhibition the relative binding constants of DNP derivatives and anti-DNP were of the same order as reported from more definitive methods. PMID- 46904 TI - Immunofluorescent detection of hepatitis B antigen in paraffin-embedded liver tissue. AB - Hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) has been demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescent technique and by orcein staining in 20 liver biopsies fixed in Bouin's fixative and embedded in paraffin. The results were compared with those obtained previously by immunogluorescence on frozen sections of the same biopsies. Ten biopsies which were positive in frozen sections were also positive by immunofluorescence in parafin sections, whereas only six were positive by orcein staining. In orcein-stained sections, the cellular localization of HBAg was precisely in the same places as in the slides examined by immunogluorescence. The intessity of the fluorescence in paraffin sections was almost the same as in frozen sections. The localization of the antigen was histologically more precise in paraffin sections. Besides various advantages, indlucing aboidance of freezing aquipment and procedures, paraffin sections are more easy to handle and biopsies from distant hospitals can be processed. The advantages of the immunofluorescent test in comparison to orcein staining are its immunological specificity and higher sensitivity. PMID- 46905 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen in blood donors: further observations. AB - A survey of 128,000 volunteer blood donors from the Greater New York metropolitan area revealed that first-time male donors were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) 2.5 times more frequently than were first-time female donors; Negroes and Mongols were positive four to 20 times more frequently than Caucasians. The ratio of ad to ay seemed to be higher in non-Caucasian antigen carriers than in Caucasian carriers. Among both Caucasians and non-Caucasians the rate of positivity declined after the age of 50. An excess prevalence of HBsAg was observed in donors with the lowest level of education and in those with the highest level. HBsAg was detectable nine times less frequently among repeat donors than among first-time donors (0.2 vs.1.90 per 1,000). Detection of HBsAg was unrelated to ABO-Rh blood groups. Several mechanisms for these wide variations of antigen detection are possible. PMID- 46906 TI - Private specificities of H-2K and H-2D loci as possible selective targets for effector lymphocytes in cell-mediated immunity. AB - Receptors of effector T lymphocytes of congeneic strains of mice do not recognize public H-2 specificities and react to private H-2 specificities only. This has been established with the use of three tests: direct cytotoxicity assay of immune lymphocytes upon target cells, specific absorption of the lymphocytes on the target cells, and rejection of skin grafts at an accelerated fashion. Immunization with two private H-2 specificities in the system C57BL/10ScSn leads to B10.D2 induces formation of two corresponding populations of effector lymphocytes in unequal proportion: a greater part of them is directed against the private specificity H-2.33 (Kb), while the smaller part is towards H-2.2 (Db) private specificity. These two populations of effector lymphocytes do not overlap, as demonstrated by experiments on their cross-absorption on B10.D2 (R107), B10.D2 (R101), B10.A(2R), and B10.A(5R) target cells, as well as on mixtures of R107 and R101 targets. Following removal of lymphocytes reacting with one of the private H-2 specificities, lymphocytes specific to the other specificity are fully maintained. A mixture of target cells, each bearing one of the two immunizing private specificities, absorbs 100% of the immune lymphocytes and is totally destroyed by them. It is suggested that H-2 antigens are natural complexes of hapten-carrier type, in which the role of hapten is played by public H-2 specifities and that of the carrier determinant by either private H-2 specificities or structures closely linked to them. Various models of steric arrangement of MHC determinants recognized by receptors of effector T lymphocytes are discussed. PMID- 46907 TI - Isolation from individual A/J mice of anti-rho-azophenylarsonate antibodies bearing a cross-reactive idiotype. AB - Immuization of A/J mice with a KLH-p-azophenylarsonate conjugate induces the formation of antihapten antibodies, some of which share idiotypic specificity common to all recipients. The subpopulation carrying the idiotype generally comprises 20-70% of the total antibody content. Large quantities of antihapten antibody (occasionally over 100 mg) were obtained from individual mice through the induction of an ascites fluid. This facilitated isolation of antibodies with the cross-reactive idiotype by isoelectric focusing. Most of this subpopulation has pI values between 6.65 and 6.95 and essentially all is of the IgG1 subclass. Two peaks, near pI 6.7 and 6.9, were frequently observed. Upon refocusing, the protein artifact of the procedure, but indicates microheterogeneity. The antibodies in the two peaks were found to be idiotypically identical by measurements of cross-inhibition. Preliminary studies have indicated that it is feasible to initiate investigations of primary structure with antibodies from individual inbred mice. PMID- 46908 TI - Macrophage-lymphocyte interaction. II. Antigen-mediated physical interactions between immune guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes and syngeneic macrophages. AB - The effect of specific antigen on the development of physical interactions between lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) obtained from animals which had been immunized to that antigen and macrophages was examined. We found that the presence of antigen, either limited to the macrophage () or free in the medium, profoundly increased the degree of ) or free in the medium, profoundly increased the degree of Mphi-LNL interaction observed. This enhanced interaction was dependent on the coincidence in the cultures of Mphi bearing antigen and LNL from animals specifically immunized to that antigen. Although antigen-independent interactions developed equally well between syngeneic and allogeneic combinations of lymphocytes and macrophages, antigen mediated interactions required that macrophages and lymphocytes be syngeneic. Prolongation of antigen-mediated Mphi LNL interactions resulted in the induction of LNL DNA synthesis, initially involving those lymphocytes physically associated with antigen-bearing Mphi. These studies are interpreted to indicate that physical interaction between immune lymphocytes and antigen-bearing Mphi represents a morphological correlate of the functional activation of immune lymphocytes. Further, it is suggested that the physical events involved in lymphocyte proliferation may proceed sequentially from antigen-independent reversible binding of lymphocytes by macrophages to prolonged antigen-stabilized interaction eventuating in the triggering of specifically immune lymphocytes. PMID- 46909 TI - The oncornavirus glycoprotein gp69/71: a constituent of the surface of normal and malignant thymocytes. AB - The oncornavirus related proteins associated with the surface of normal and malignant thymocytes were studied. Three virion-associated proteins (gp69/71, p45, p30) were associated with lymphoma cells from about 70% of the tumors studied. Two virion-associated proteins (gp69/71 and p45 were associated with normal thymocytes form some but not all strains of mice. In gp69/71- mice, conversion to the gp69/71+ phenotype accompanied leukemogenesis. An interesting difference in the apparent molecular size of virus related antigens of the 70,000 dalton size class was detected in lymphoma cells present in involved spleens as compared to involved thymuses. Mice infected as neonates with Scripps leukemia virus make antibody to gp69/71 and some make antibodies to molecules associated with the surface of their own tumors. The significance of the restricted presence of antigens coded for by the viral genome to the surface of some differentiated cells is discussed in reference to (a) the relationship between virion, leukemia associated, and differentiation dependent markers, and (b) the possible consequence to the host of having similar antigenic determinants on three independent structures with replicative potential (virus, normal thymocytes, and tumor cells). PMID- 46910 TI - Relation of GIX antigen of thymocytes to envelope glycoprotein of murine leukemia virus. AB - Expression of Gix surface antigen on thymocytes is an inherited mendelian train of certain strains of mice. We report here the following new findings: (a) Gix antigen was found free in the serum of Gix+ mouse strains. (b) Expression vs. nonexpression of Gix antigen was invariably correlated with presence or absence of the group-specific antigen of Murine leukemia virus (MuLV) gp69/71 in the serum of mice of inbred and segregating populations. (c) Gix antigen could be removed from normal Gix+ mouse serum by precipitation with antiserum to MuLV gp 69/71. (d) Anti-gp69/71 serum was weakly cytotoxic for Gix+ thymocytes, and partially blocked the cytotoxic activity of Gix antibody for Gix+ thymocytes. (e) Purified AKR virus absorbed Gix activity, and disruption of the virions did not increase their absorbing capacity. These serological data indicate that Gix antigen is a constituent of gp69/71, the glycoprotein which is the major component of the MuLV envelope. On present evidence, Gix antigen is represented in intact virions and is probably accessible to Gix antibody. PMID- 46911 TI - Fetuin, an inhibitor of lymphocyte transformation. The interaction of fetuin with phytomitogens and a possible role for fetuin in fetal development. AB - Fetuin, the bovine alpha-fetoprotein, contains glycopeptide sequences similar to those found on red cells. As a result, it is capable of strong physical interaction with the phytohemagglutinin isomitogens (H-PHAP) which possess two or more R (red cell binding) subunits as part of their tetrameric structures. Fetuin shows little or no interaction with L-PHAP, a phytohemagglutinin made up of four L subunits which also lack red cell affinity. Despite these differences fetuin is able to inhibit both H- and L-PHAP-induced lymphocyte transformation and is also capable of inhibiting the mitogenic effects of pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, antithymocyte antiserum, and the one-way mixed lymphocyte culture. In the case of L-PHAP, the inhibitory effect of fetuin is proportional to the intensity of the mitogenic stimulus. The inhibitory effects of fetuin upon lymphocyte transformation may result from perturbation or "blindfolding" of the cell membrane in a manner analogous to other immunosuppressive serum alpha-globulins. Alpha-Fetoproteins may play an immunoregulatory role during fetal development. PMID- 46912 TI - The specificity of cellular immune responses in guinea pigs. I. T cells specific for 2,4-dinitrophenyl-o-tyrosyl residues. AB - Guinea pigs immunized with the hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) coupled directly to Mycobacterium tuberculosis of strain H37Ra (DNP-H37) show a variety of cell mediated immune responses to DNP coupled to protein carriers. The cells responsible for this specific response are thought to be T lymphocytes for the following reasons: Guinea pigs immunized with DNP-H37 displayed delayed hypersensitivity reactions to several DNP-proteins and contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene. Peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PELs) obtained from DNP-H37 immune animals respond to DNP-proteins with DNA systhesis and cause inhibition of macrophage migration. PELs are highly enriched in T lymphocytes and contain few immunoglobulin-bearing cells. Further depletion of immunoglobulin-bearing cells from this population does not diminish the in vitro proliferative response to antigen. Nitrophenyl conjugates of proteins lacking a paranitro group stimulated DNA synthesis poorly or not at all, indicating the importance of the paranitro group of DNP in antigen recognition by T cells in this system. In this respect, the specificity of T cells resembles that of DNP-specific antibody from the same animals. On the other hand, DNP conjugates of copolymers of glutamic acid and lysine and DNP conjugated to proteins via an interposed beta-alanyl-glycyl-glycyl spacer failed to stimulate DNA synthesis, although such compounds bind very efficiently to anti-DNP antibody. By contrast, DNP conjugates of synthetic polypeptide carriers containing as little as 7% tyrosine strongly stimulated DNA synthesis in DNP-H37 immune PELs. That the determinant responsible for this stimulation was DNP coupled to the hydroxyl group of tyrosine was shown by selective removal of DNP from tyrosine by thiolysis with 2-mercaptoethanol, which abolished their ability to stimulate T cells. PMID- 46913 TI - Heterogeneity of the BALB/c antiphosphorylcholine antibody response at the precursor cell level. AB - Immune responsiveness to phosphorylcholine (PC) in BALB/c mice has been characterized by combining (a) usuage of highly sensitive radioimmunoassays for quantitation of antibody, heavy-chain class, and idiotype on a weight basis; (b) isolation of PC-specific B cells in fragment cultures; and (c) stimulation in a carrier-primed environment with the PC hapten coupled to carrier through a tripeptide spacer in order to maximize carrier recognition. The specificity and accuracy of the radioimmunoassays have veen verified by specific inhibition, lack of nonspecific binding, and excellent concordance of values for monoclonal antibody concentration obtained independently for Fab and idiotype content. The latter evidence also serves as strong confirmation of the monoclonality of in vitro monofocal responses as well as the preservation of the idiotype on antibodies of differing immunoglobulin classes. The results indicate that while B cells expressing the TEPC 15 idiotype predominate, other idiotypes may be represented by 2-50% of PC-specific precursors, and monoclonal antibodies even of the TEPC 15 idiotype are produced in both the IgM and IgG1 immunoglobulin classes. These findings are confirmed by the analysis of serum antibodies produced in carrier-primed mice immunized with hapten coupled through a tripeptide spacer, thus re-emphasizint the enhancement of primary responsiveness, particularly IgG1 production, by maximizing carrier recognition. The finding of idiotype diversity in the PC response, as well as diversity of expression in terms of quantity and immunoglobulin class of antibody synthesized by the clonal progeny of B cells within the TEPC 15 clonotype, emphasize the heterogeneity of the B-cell population both in terms of specificity repertoire and the physiological state of cells even within a single clonotype. PMID- 46914 TI - The immune response against myelin basic protein in two strains of rat with different genetic capacity to develop experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - After challenge with guiena pig basic protein (GPBP) Lewis (Le) rats, which are homozygous for the immune response experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (Ir EAE) gene, developed positive delayed skin tests against GPBP and the 43 residue encephalitogenic fragment (EF); in addition, Le rat lymph node cells (LNC) were stimulated and produced migration inhibitory factor (MIF) when incubated in vitro with these antigens. In contrast Brown Norway (BN) rats, which lack the Ir-EAE gene, did not develop delayed skin tests to EF and their LNC were not stimulated and did not produce MIF when incubated in vitro with EF. These observations indicate that the Ir-EAE gene controls a T-cell response against the EF. Le rats produced measurable anti-BP antibody by radioimmunoassay after primary challenge. Although no antibody was detectable in BN rats by radioimmunoassay, radioimmunoelectrophoresis indicated that a small amount of antibody was formed after primary immunization. After boosting intraperitoneally, both strains of rat exhibited a rise in anti-BP antibody; which was greater in Le rats. In both strains of rat the anti-BP antibody reacted with a portion of the molecule other than the EF. Since EF primarily evokes a T cell response, it is suggested that the EF portion of the BP molecule may contain a helper determinant in antibody production. PMID- 46915 TI - Relationship between Fc receptors, antigen-binding sites on T and B cells, and H 2 complex-associated determinants. AB - The relationship between H-2 complex-associated determinants, Fc receptors, and specific antigen-recognition sites on T and B cells was examined by binding and functional assays. The Fc receptor was detected by radiolabeled immune complexes or aggregated human IgG. Both these reagents selectively bound to B cells, not to T cells. When spleen cells, from mice primed to several antigens, were exposed to highly substituted radioactive aggregates, their capacity to transfer both a direct and indirect plaque-forming cell response to these antigens was abrogated. Addition of B cells, but not of T cells, restored responsiveness. Complexed Ig binding to Fc receptors was prevented by pretreatment of mixed lymphoid cell populations with antisera directed against membrane components on the same cell (e.g., H-2) and on other cells (e.g., theta). The lack of specificity of inhibition was thought to be due to the formation on cell surfaces of antigen antibody complexes which would then attach to the Fc receptor during the incubation precedure. Specific blockade of the Fc receptor during the incubation procedure. Specific blockade of the Fc receptor however occurred when B cells were pretreated with the Fab fragments of anti-H-2 antibody. This was demonstrated autoradiographically and by inhibition of aggregate-induced suicide. The blocking activity of ante-H-2 Fab was removed by absorption with spleen cells from thymectomized irradiated mice but not with thymus cells of appropriate specificity. This suggested that the antibodies involved had specificity for determinants on the B-cell membrane distinct from those coded by the K or D end of the H-2 complex, and either absent from, or poorly represented on, thymus cells. Specific antigen-induced suicide of B cells was achieved simply by incubating the cells with radioactive antigen in the cold. T-cell suicide on the other hand required that the 125I-labeled antigen be presented to the T cells at 37 degrees-C on the surface of spleen cells from antigen-primed mice. Pretreatment of T cells with the Fab fragment of anti-H-2 antibody protected them from the suicide effect. By contrast no such protection of B cells could be achieved by this procedure. In other words H-2 (? Ir)-associated determinants may not only be in close proximity to the antigen-binding site on T cells but, in addition, may be involved in the effective operation of the receptor. PMID- 46916 TI - Structural, functional, and idiotypic characteristics of a phosphorylcholine binding IgA myeloma protein of C57BL/ka allotype. AB - An IgA phosphorylcholine (PC)-binding myeloma protein with IgCH allotypic determinants different from those of BALB/c mice is characterized. The myeloma, CBPC 2, was induced in the CB-20 strain of mice which is congenic to BALB/c but differs from it by carrying the A15 allotypic determinant of C57BL/ka mice. Sequence analysis of the CBPC 2 light chain through the first hypervariable region, as well as isoelectric point analysis, show that this chain is indistinguishable from that of T15, a PC-binding myeloma protein of BALB/c origin. The heavy chains of CBPC 2 and T15 differ by only two amino acids (positions 14 and 16) through the first hypervariable region. As measured by inhibition of precipitation, both CBPC 2 and T15 have the same specificity for PC, glycerophosphorylcholine, acetylcholine, and choline. In addition, CBPC 2 possesses the binding site-associated idiotypic determinant which is present on T15. However, like normal or induced C57BL/6 anti-PC antibody, it does not possess the nonbinding site idiotypic determinant. PMID- 46917 TI - Evidence for specific suppression in the maintenance of immunologic tolerance. AB - Specific suppressor cells have been demonstrated in mice tolerant to the thymus dependent antigen HGG. Transfer of normal thymocytes, normal spleen cells, or immune spleen cells into these tolerant mice did not restore immunocompetence to HGG. Furthermore, the transfer of tolerant spleen cells into normal recipients abrogated the response of these recipients to subsequent challenge with immunogenic HGG. Spleen cells removed from mice 5, 8, or 11 wk after the induction of tolerance specifically suppressed the response of normal spleen cells in an adoptive cell transfer system. The extent of suppression appears to be dependent upon how long after the induction of tolerance the cells were removed from the tolerant donors and how soon after transfer the recipients were challenged. PMID- 46918 TI - Antigen-specific T-cell factors in the genetic control of the immune response to poly(Tyr,Glu)-polyDLAla--polyLys. Evidence for T- and B-cell defects in SJL mice. AB - The cellular basis of the genetic control of the immune response to poly(LTyr, LGlu)-polyDLAla--polyLLys [(T,G)-A--L] in SJL (H-2s, low responder) mice has been investigated using T-cell factors. Thymocytes of SJL origin were educated to (T,G)-A--L and tested for their ability to produce an antigen-specific factor capable of cooperating in vivo with bone marrow cells of either SJL or C3H.SW (high responder) origin. SJL T cells were found to be incapable of producing such a cooperative factor, in contrast with results previously obtained with C3H/HeJ (low responders) and C3H.SW strains. Moreover, SJL bone marrow cells did not produce an antibody response to (T,G)-A--L, even when combined with factor produced by high responder (C3H.SW) mice. Thus, both T and B cells appear to be defective in the SJL strain in the response to (T,G)-A--L. PMID- 46919 TI - Ultrastructure of thalamic neuronal inclusions in myotonic dystrophy. AB - Recently, the presence of thalamic neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions in patients with myotonic dystrophy has been reported. At the ultrastructural level, the inclusions were described "containing a fibrillar material within a limiting membrane studded on its outer surface with ribosomes". We have studied the brain of a 48-year-old woman with myotonic dystrophy. Many neuronal inclusion bodies were found within the thalamus, and examined in the electron microscope. Inclusions were found to have an electron density resembling that of nuclear chromatin, were not membrane-bound, and had an internal structure composed of parallel alternating dark and pale lines. We confirm the previously-reported existence of cytoplasmic thalamic neuronal inclusions in myotonic dystrophy, but differ in our observations of their ultrastructural appearance, and note that these inclusions bear no resemblance to previously described inclusion bodies. PMID- 46920 TI - Neuritogenic and encephalitogenic properties of the peripheral nerve basic proteins. AB - Two basic proteins, P1 of molecular weight 14,200 and P2 of molecular weight 12,300, purified from bovine peripheral nerve, were assayed for biological activity. The P1 protein is an exclusively neuritogenic agent, capable of producing clinical signs of experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) and histological abnormalities in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) of guinea pigs and rabbits, without any changes in their central nervous system (CNS). P2 protein, like the CNS basic encephalitogenic protein (BE), has combined neuritogenic and encephalitogenic activities, therefore it induces in these animals neurological signs and pathological evidence of EAN, as well as histological characteristics of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). PMID- 46921 TI - The effects of the H1 and H2 antihistamines on "allergic" histamine release and its inhibition by histamine. AB - Antigen-induced, IgE-mediated release of histamine from human basophiles is an in vitro model of allergic reacttions; it is blocked by extracellular histamine, presumably as a result of its ability to increase adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels. The H1 antihistamines do not antagonize these effects of histamine but at approximately equal to 1 mM cause histamine release and at approximately equal to 0.1mM inhibit antigen-induced histamine release. The phenothiazine antihistamines are 10-30 fold more potent inhibitors than the rest; other tricyclic antidepressant drugs share this activity. The mechanism of this inhibition, which occurs in both the 1 degree and 2 degree stages of histamine release, is not known but it is not due to partial agonist activity since the anti-H1 drugs cause a significant fall in cyclic AMP levels. The anti anaphylactic effects of the H1 antagonists probably play no therapeutic role but we suggest that drugs structurally similar to the phenothiazine antihistamines should be developed for clinical testing. The H2 antihistamines block histamine induced inhibition of histamine release and the increase in cyclic AMP levels, but neither cause nor inhibit histamine release. The K-B values for the anti-H2 drugs (burimamide approximately equal to 5 muM); metiamide approximately equal to 0.5muM); are similar to those described for other H2 receptors. PMID- 46922 TI - Antibodies to fentanyl. AB - Immunization of rabbits with carboxyfentanyl-bovine gamma-globulin conjugate induced antibodies of high titers capable of binding with fentanyl. The antibodies exhibited high average association constants (approximately 1 times 10 7 liter/mol) and were highly specific to fentanyl since no cross-reactivity was observed for a variety of test compounds including other opiates and analgesics. Serological cross-reactivity was observed only for chemicals representing various portions of the fentanyl molecule. These high-affinity, highly selective antibodies have been successfully employed in a radioimmunoassay for fentanyl. Serum concentrations of fentanyl, after administration of 100 and 21 mug/kg/ i.v. in dogs, were determined by this radioimmunoassay. The specificity of these antibodies as compared with the specificity of the pharmacological (opiate) receptor is also discussed. PMID- 46923 TI - Jejunoileal bypass: the last resort. PMID- 46924 TI - Purification and characterization of the DNA polymerase and RNase H activities in Moloney murine sarcoma-leukemia virus. AB - Two RNase H (RNA-DNA hybrid ribonucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.34) activities separable by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration were identified in lysates of Moloney murine sarcoma-leukemia virus (MSV). The larger enzyme, which we have called RNase H-I, represented about 10% of the RNase H activity in the virion. RNase H-I (i) copurified with RNA-directed DNA polymerase from the virus, (ii) had a sedimentation coefficient of 4.4S (corresponds to an apparent mol wt of 70,000), (iii) required Mn-2+ (2 mM optimum) for activity with a [3-h]poly(A)-poly(dT) substrate, (iv) eluted from phosphocellulose at 0.2 M KC1, and (v) degraded [3 H]poly(A)-poly(dT) and [3-H]poly(C)-poly(dG) at approximately equal rates. The smaller enzyme, designated RNase H-II, which represented the majority of the RNase H activity in the virus preparation, was shown to be different since it (i) had no detectable, associated DNA polymerase activity, (ii) had a sedmimentation coefficient of 2.6S (corresponds to an apparent mol wt of 30,000), (iii) preferred Mg-2+ (10 to 15 mM optimum) over Mn-2+ (5 to 10 mM optimum) 2.5-fold for the degradation of [3-H]poly(A)-poly(dT), and (iv) degraded [3-H]poly(A) poly(dT) 6 and 60 times faster than [3-H]poly(C)-poly(dG) in the presence of Mn 2+ and Mg-2+, respectively. Moloney MSV DNA polymerase (RNase H-I), purified by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration followed by phosphocellulose, poly(A)-oligo(dT) cellulose, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, transcribed heteropolymeric regions of avian myeloblastosis virus 70S RNA at a rate comparable to avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase purified by the same procedure. PMID- 46925 TI - Studies on reverse transcriptase of RNA tumor viruses III. Properties of purified Moloney murine leukemia virus DNA polymerase and associated RNase H. AB - DNA polymerase was purified from a cloned isolate of Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV). Purified M-MuLV DNA polymerase, upon analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showed one major polypeptide of mol wt 80,000. Estimation of molecular weight from the sedimentation rate of the purifed enzyme in a glycerol gradient was consistent with a structure containing one polypeptide. M-MuLV DNA polymerase could transcribe ribopolymers, deoxyribopolymers, and heteropolymers as efficiently as did purified DNA polymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV). M-MuLV DNA polymerase, however, transcribed native 70S viral RNA less efficiently than did AMV DNA polymerase. Addition of oligo(dT) enhanced five to tenfold the transcription of 70S viral RNA by M-MuLV DNA polymerase. Purified enzyme also exhibited nuclease activity (RNase H) that selectively degraded the RNA moiety of the RNA-DNA hybrid. It did not degrade single-stranded RNA, single stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, and double-stranded DNA. M-MuLV DNA polymerase associated RNase H acted as a random exonuclease. When [3-H]poly(A)-poly(dT) was used as a substrate, the size of the M-MuLV DNA polymerase-associated RHase H digested product was larger than the size of the digestion products by AMV DNA polymerase. The oligonucleotide digestion products could be further digested to 5'-AMP by snake venom phosphodiesterase, indicating that the products were terminated by 3'-OH groups. Alkaline hydrolysis of the oligonucleotide digestion products generated pAp, suggesting that M-MuLV DNA polymerase-associated RNase H cleaves at the 3' side of the 3',5'-phosphodiester bond. The ratios of the rates of DNA polymerase activity and RNase H activity were not significantly different in the murine and avian enzymes. PMID- 46926 TI - Editorial: The choice of therapy for prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 46927 TI - Renal protein metabolism in obstructive uropathy. AB - Measurements of serum beta 2 microglobulin and creatinine concentrations were determined in 18 patients with lower urinary tract obstruction. Nine patients were azotemic on admission to the hospital. In 3 of these patients who had normal pre-treatment serum levels of beta 2 microglobulin, the correction of obstruction was followed by return of normal renal function. The remaining 6 patients with elevated serum beta 2 microglobulin concentrations on hospitalization, showed no significant improvement in renal function parameters in the post-obstructive period. These data suggest that determination of serum beta 2 microglobulin concentrations is helpful in predicting the return of renal function in azotemic patients with obstructive uropathy. PMID- 46928 TI - Useful applications of transureteroureterostomy in adults and children. PMID- 46929 TI - Programmed "trendscription." A new approach to electrocardiographic monitoring. AB - A new approach to monitoring of episodic but frequently recurring arrhythmias has been developed, consisting of condensation of electrocardiographic information on a special drum recorder, a programmer that permits selection of intervals and durations for monitoring, and a telemetry unit for transmission of the electrocardiographic signal. We used this system to manage three selected cases. PMID- 46930 TI - Current concepts in cancer. Cancer of the GI tract: colon, rectum, anus. The colostomy. PMID- 46931 TI - [Bedisde nursing: Care of post-tracheotomy patients in the neurosurgical department]. PMID- 46932 TI - [Nursing in surgery of newborn infants. 4]. PMID- 46933 TI - [Certain practical problems of recognition and treatment of cardiac rhythm disorders]. AB - Having briefly touched upon the problem of terminology and classification of arrhythmias the authors consider the diagnosis and clinical evaluation of some disorders, including the extrasystole (the significance of the extrasystolic interval), ectopic arrhythmias from the region of the atrio-ventricular junction (with simultaneous consistent or transent disruption of the intraventricular conduction), isolated atrial tachycardia, some variants of auricular fibrillation, flutter paroxysms, paroxysms of ventricular tachycardia, with continued auricular fibrillation in particular, and also the earlier described electrocardiographic phenomenon tentatively interpreted as sinistroatrial fibrillation with dextraatrial tachycardia, as well as major types of disrupted condution. The authors give a brief exposure of their views as to the principles of the treatment. Emphasis is placed on the importance of a comprehensive clinical approach to the diagnostic matters and to the evaluation of arrhythmias, as well as to the fundamental need to define more precisely the pathogenesis of the disturbed rhythm in a concrete patient so as to adopt an effective treatment. PMID- 46934 TI - [Prognosis of the effect of cardiac glycosides on the extrasystole in ischemic heart disease]. AB - The results of a single intravenous injections of strophanthin or digoxin and of a course-wise medication with cardiac glycosides in acute and chronic ischemic heart disease are contrasted. Investigations were carried out in 64 patients under cardiomonitoring with an automatic extrasystoles count. In the absence of extrasystoles or infrequent ones the cardiac glycosides provoked frequent extrasystoles in 10 per cent of the patients. The antiarrhythmic effect was recorded in 1/3 of the patients with infrequent extrasystoles. In cases of frequent extra systoles the positive result of the glycoside test justifies anticipating a beneficial influence of digitalization on the heart rate. In all the cases the results of the glycoside test determine in a large measure the individual prognosis. PMID- 46935 TI - [Sinoauricular block, its treatment and diagnosis]. PMID- 46936 TI - [Disorders of cardiac rhythm in chronic alcoholics]. AB - The friquency and type of cardiac rhythm and conduction disturbances were studied in 200 patients with chronic alcoholism. Attention was payed to the character and duration of dipsomania. Patients with a long abuse period were shown to have auricular fibrillation in 10 per cent of the cases. Patients with chronic alcoholism and particularly with rhythm disturbances demonstrated the decrease of potassium concentration in blood serum. PMID- 46937 TI - [Experience with the use of izoptina]. AB - The effect of isoptin was studied in 271 patients with ischemic heart disease and various disturbances of the cardiac rhythm. Clinical, functional indices and coronarographic findings proved the drug to be highly effective. The mechanism of its action is discussed. PMID- 46938 TI - [Renal function in patients with prostatic hypertrophy with concomitant atherosclerosis]. PMID- 46939 TI - [Immunological reactivity of patients with lymphoblastic and myeloblastic variants of acute leukemia]. PMID- 46940 TI - Palliative treatment of complete transposition of the great vessels: First clinical results of closed atrial septectomy with new septectome. AB - Our initial method of closed atrial septectomy, used in the palliative therapy of transposition of the great arteries (TGA), failed to produce a technical success in 1 of 5 patients. Subsequently, we modified the technique by securing the septum on traction sutures and simplifying the introduction of the septectome. With the new method, we achieved technical success in all 13 patients so treated. In our total of 18 patients treated by closed atrial septectomy, 7 had TGA with no other cardiac anomaly, and none of the 7 died. Of the remaining 11 patients who had TGA and other cardiac anomalies and required procedures such as ductus ligation, pulmonary artery banding, and aorta-right pulmonary artery shunt in addition to septectomy, 5 died. In only 1 of them, death was caused by technical complications with our initial method. Of the remaining four deaths, two were due to pre-existing cerebral damage and two to complications of palliative procedures done in conjunction with atrial septectomy. Side-to-side anastomosis between the superior vena cava and right pulmonary artery, carried out successfully in 1 case, is suggested as an additional palliative measure to supplement atrial septectomy in TGA. PMID- 46941 TI - Alveolar lavage cytology in transplanted lungs. I. Staining methods and findings in dogs with autografts and allografts without immunosuppression. AB - Alveolar lavages were performed repetitively on the normal and transplanted lungs of dogs that had recieved autografts or allografts without immunosuppression. One half of the lavage returns was fixed as a cytologic smear; the other half was subjected to semi-thin section or electron microscopic examination. Of the staining methods was used, the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Giemsa techniques were best for differentiating and counting cells. The Ladewig technique was best for evaluating the presence and location of fibrin. After autotransplantation, the proportion of so-called alveolar marcophages increased, reached a peak in 4 to 7 days, and then returned to normal. Phagocytized fibrin increased for the first postoperative week, but not extracellular fibrin was ever observed. After allotransplantation, a progressive decrease in the proportion, size, and vacuolization of so-called alveolar macrophages was noted along with an increase in extracellular fibrin. Intracellular fibrin could be detected only up to the third day. These findings define adequate methods for preparing and staining material obtained from diagnostic alveolar lavages, and they suggest that the procedure may serve as an index of lung allograft rejection. PMID- 46942 TI - Congenital tricuspid stenosis treated by a palliative open operation. Report of a case. AB - The case is presented of a patient with congenital tricuspid stenosis who was treated successfully by a palliative open operation. The preoperative diagnosis was tricuspid atresia. At operation, however, congenital tricuspid stenosis was detected and managed by commissurotomy.. The postoperative course was very good. Later, the associated ventricular septal defect (VSD), pulmonary annular stenosis, and probably the atrial septal defect (ASD) will be corrected. We emphasize the importance of diagnosing congenital tricuspid stenosis correctly, because of the possibility of operating upon the valve itself. PMID- 46943 TI - A palliative operation for all types of aortic arch interruption in the neonate. AB - A palliative operation is described for the treatment of infants with all types of aortic arch interruption without regard to anatomic variation. It consists of establishment of continuity between the main pulmonary artery and descending thoracic aorta with a prosthetic graft, pulmonary artery banding distal to the graft, and ligation of the closing ductus arteriosus. Infant mortality rate in the past has been high, rega-dless of the type of operation used. The method of treatment described in this report is one in which an initial palliative operation is employed in the newborn period with total correction planned at a later date, when the risk of morbidity and death will be less. PMID- 46944 TI - Periampullary carcinoma. AB - In the majority of instances, periampullary tumors include adenocarcinomas of the pancreatic head, duodenum, ampulla of Vater, and lower bile duct. Diagnosis is based mainly on a history of jaundice or is made by endoscopic duodenoscopy with retrograde pancreatography or by cholangiography or both. The best treatment for these tumors is pancreatoduodenectomy or palliative bypass if the tumor has spread beyond the region encompassed by resection. In experienced hands, resection can be accomplished with a mortality rate of less than 10 per cent and is followed by a 5-year survival rate of 30 to 40 per cent in carcinomas of the ampulla, duodenum, or lower bile duct and of about 10 to 15 per cent in carcinomas of the pancreatic head. Palliative surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic procedures as yet do not prolong life appreciably. PMID- 46945 TI - A multidisciplined approach for the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the breast. AB - We have reviewed our experience in a multidisciplined breast cancer clinic where we have utilized hormonal, ablative, and chemotherapetuci modalities. Our experience seesm to be similar to that of other groups in that oophorectomy treatment produces approximately a 61 per cent response (regression and arrest) rate, androgen therapy produces a 47 per cent response (regression and arrest) rate estrogen therapy produces a 40 per cent response (regression and arrest) rate, and ablative treatment produces approximately a 50 per cent response (regression and arrest) rate. Adrenalectomy and hypophysectomy showed similar response rates. Until it can be shown that hypophysectomy clearly offers enhanced benefits, this will not be utilized by our group except in those patients who cannot tolerate abdominal surgery (that is, patients with poor pulmonary reserve). Of interest is the high response rate (65 per cent) to ablative treatment in patients in whom disease exacerbates on additive hormonal treatment, with an increased duration of response and survival. Survival is increased in patients who are rebound responders after estrogen withdrawal. We expect to report data with future follow-up of this group of patients. New protocols will be instituted after review of the data in the hope of increasing clinical benefit and survival in this group of patients. Carcinoma of the breast accounts for almost 90,000 new cases of cancer a year, with metastases eventually developing in at least half of these patients. All physicians must be aware of the many complex problems associated with this disease and, hopefully, arrive at a logical approach for its control. We believe this can be achieved with a multidisciplined group approach as established at the Lahey Clinic Foundation. PMID- 46946 TI - [Surgical activity at a university hospital in Addis Abeba]. PMID- 46947 TI - Letter: Metiamide in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 46948 TI - Letter: Activity of minocycline against Bacteroids fragilis. PMID- 46949 TI - Letter: Colistin sensitivity testing. PMID- 46950 TI - Letter: Metiamide in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 46951 TI - Control of ventricular arrhythmias during myocardial infarction by antilipolytic treatment using a nicotinic-acid analogue. AB - The effect of lowering raised plasma-free-fatty acids (F.F.A.) on the incidence of serious ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction was assessed by a double-blind trial in eighty-one patients. A nicotinic-acid analogue (N.A.A.) with very slight haemodynamic effects was given within 12 hours of the onset of myocardial infarction to lower plasma-F.F.A. When treatment with N.A.A. was started within 5 hours of the onset of symptoms, the numbers of patients with ventricular symptoms, the numbers of patients with ventricular tachycardia were significantly reduced, provided elevated plasma-F.F.A. levels were rapidly lowered and maintained in the normal range throughout the treatment period. The incidence of R-on-apex T ventricular premature beats and beats in which the ectopic R wave interrupted the apex of the T wave of a previous ventricular premature beat was also reduced in patients receiving N.A.A within 5 hours of the onset of symptoms. Plasma-total-catecholamines and serum-creatine-kinase levels were similar in the N.A.A.-treated and placebo groups. N.A.A. rarely caused skin flushing, but vomiting occurred in some patients after many hours of treatment. These findings suggest that treatment directed towards stabilsing the matabolism of the ischaemic myocardium can be of therapeutic value and lead to fewer serious ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 46952 TI - Editorial: Free fatty acids and arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 46953 TI - A virological and epidemiological study of patients with acute hearing loss. AB - Virological and epidemiological data were examined in thirty-nine patients with acute hearing loss. The hearing loss was unilateral in thirty-one patients and bilateral in eight. There was a history of upper-respiratory-tract infection before onset of deafness in ten of the patients. Cases were more common in the autumn, with nineteen of the cases occurring in the 3 months from September to November. About half of the patients were 20-40 years old and half 46-73 years old; only one patient was aged less than 20 years. Antibodies to several common viruses were titrated, and there was evidence of recent infection by mumps virus in one case and by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in another. Although no evidence of recent virus infection was found in the remaining patients, it is suggested that the condition may be viral in origin and that further studies should be undertaken. PMID- 46954 TI - Amines, anticonvulsants, and epilepsy. AB - Concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-H.I.A.T.) in cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) were significantly raised in twenty-seven anticonvulsant-treated epileptic patients compared with fifteen untreated epileptics and twenty-two neurological controls. This rise was not seen until therapeutic blood-levels of phenobarbitone and diphenylhydantoin had been achieved, and was most striking in clinically intoxicated patients. Similar trends were seen in C.S.F. homovanillic acid (H.V.A). There was a close correlation between C.S.F. 5-H.I.A.A. and H.V.A., especially in the treated epileptics. These findings have implications for the antiepileptic and toxic effects of anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 46955 TI - Urine microscopy as an aid to detection of bacteriuria. AB - Fresh, uncentrifuged urine specimens obtained from children attending a renal clinic were examined microscopically for leucocytes and bacteria, and the results were compared with quantitative bacterial cultures. Of the 51 specimens giving colony-counts larger than or equal to 10-5 per ml., 6 (12 per cent) showed no microscopical bacteriuria and 22 (43 per cent) contained smaller than 10 leucocytes per c.mm.; only 3 specimens (6 per cent) showed neither bacteria nor excess cells. Of the 186 uninfected specimens, bacteria were seen microscopically in 32 (17 per cent) and an excess of leucocytes in 27 (15 per cent); in only 9 (5 per cent) were both observed. Leucocyte-counting alone is therefore an unreliable technique, but microscopy for both bacteria and leucocytes affords a simple and rapid method of preselecting urine specimens for culture, with a high probability of predicting the correct result. While not suitable for population screening, it is ideal for use in hospital clinics and wards, as well as in general practice. PMID- 46956 TI - Nicotine absorption by workers harvesting green tobacco. AB - Green-tobacco sickness is an occupational illness of tobacco harvesters. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and prostration. The disease is self-limited and of short duration, but recurs frequently in susceptible workers. The aetiology is not known, but nicotine has been suspected as a causative agent. Thirty-two workers on four North Carolina tobacco farms were studied during harvesting. None of these workers smoked or chewed tobacco. Urinary cotinine (the major metabolite of nicotine) levels were monitored over a 24-hour period to evaluate nicotine absorption. There was a tenfold rise in mean excretion of cotinine among workers who had greatest contact with the tobacco. Less cotinine was found in urine of workers who had less exposure. Levels of cotinine exceeded those found in novice smokers who smoked 3 cigarettes in succession. Absorption of nicotine from tobacco leaf is the likely cause of tobacco sickness. PMID- 46957 TI - Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. AB - Persisting disability after brain damage usually comprises both mental and physical handicap. The mental component is often the more important in contributing to overall social disability. Lack of an objective scale leads to vague and over-optimistic estimates of outcome, which obscure the ultimate results of early management. A five-point scale is described--death, persistent vegetative state, severe disability, moderate disability, and good recovery. Duration as well as intensity of disability should be included in an index of ill health; this applies particularly after head injury, because many disabled survivors are young. PMID- 46958 TI - Gallbladder disease in hyperlipoproteinaemia. AB - The occurrence of gallbladder disease (G.B.D.) (cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, cholecystectomy) was examined in patients consecutively admitted beccause of hyperlipoproteinaemia types IIa and IV. Altogether 37 of the 52 patients with the type IIa pattern were women, whereas 56 of the 75 subjects with hyperlipoproteinaemia type IV were men. The overall incidence of G.B.D. in the group with the type IIa was 13 per cent in the males and 22 per cent in the females; the corresponding figures in type IV were 41 per cent and 68 per cent, respectively. The findings in the major age-group (40-59 years) were compared with those from three necropsy series covering subjects of the same age. The incidence of G.B.D. was then found to be normal in type IIa but abnormally high in type IV. Patients with and without G.B.D. did not differ with regard to body weight or glucose tolerance. PMID- 46959 TI - A controlled trial of intra-articular radiocolloids versus surgical synovectomy in persistent synovitis. AB - The results of a randomised trial of irradiation of the knee (synoviorthese), by intra-articular injection of yttrium-90, and surgical synovectomy have been compared in twenty knees in seventeen patients. The mean length of follow-up was 2 years. Relapse occurred in three out of ten irradiated knees, and in 2 out of 10 operated knees. Fewer irradiated knees were involved when generalised exacerbations of polyarthritis occurred. Irradiation carries a lower risk of complications than does synovectomy, it is more acceptable to patients, requires fewer days in hospital, and is cheaper; it would seem to be the treatment of choice in the older patient. PMID- 46960 TI - Diuretic-induced oedema. AB - Diuretics are now commonly prescribed for women with so-called idiopathic oedema. Two patients with idiopathic oedema, one of whom was oedematous on diuretics, had the diuretics stopped. In one the oedema became much worse, and in the other oedema developed. However, this oedema disappeared spontaneously in both patients and they have remained free of oedema on no treatment. It is suggested that in some patients treated with diuretics compensatory mechanisms to retain sodium and water may be stronger than the diuretic-effect itself and may lead to perpetuation of unnecessary treatment. PMID- 46961 TI - Simple method for automating the differential leucocyte-count. AB - A simple method is described for analysing leucocyte-volume distribution curves to obtain a differential leucocyte-count. The results derived by this method agree well with the differential counts obtained by microscopical examination of the stained blood-film. PMID- 46962 TI - Reaction to Kveim test material in sarcoidosis and other diseases. AB - 81 patients, 24 with sarcoidosis and the remainder with various other diseases, were tested with three batches of Kveim material prepared from the same spleen. Positive Kveim tests were observed in sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, Hodgkin's disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Weber-Christian disease. These results show that a positive Kveim reaction to the material under test was not specific to sarcoidosis. PMID- 46963 TI - Absence of effect of bran on blood-lipids. AB - Healthy medical students were divided into two groups. One group was given double the normal fibre intake of their diet as a high-fibre-containing breakfast cereal; the other group (control) was given a breakfast cereal containing negligible amounts of dietary fibre. Otherwise the nutrient intake of the two groups was maintained constant. No differences in the serum-cholesterol, serum triglyceride, serum-calcium levels were found between the two groups during or at the end of the study. The addition of a tolerable amount of dietary fibre to the diet does not affect serum-lipids. PMID- 46964 TI - Editorial: Lipid-lowering drugs after myocardial infarction. PMID- 46965 TI - Editorial: Immunological control of cancer. PMID- 46966 TI - Editorial: as in cats, so in man? PMID- 46967 TI - Editorial: vaccination against an oncogenic herpesvirus. PMID- 46968 TI - Editorial: Antimicrobial treatment of chronic bronchitis. PMID- 46969 TI - Editorial: back to some fundamentals? PMID- 46970 TI - Prison and humanity. PMID- 46971 TI - Medical audit and general practice. PMID- 46972 TI - Classification and nomenclature of morphological defects. PMID- 46973 TI - Letter: diogenes syndrome. PMID- 46974 TI - Letter: Recognition of diphtheria. PMID- 46975 TI - Letter: gastric acid and duodenogastric reflux. PMID- 46976 TI - Letter: disseminated intravascular coagulation and severe falciparum malaria. PMID- 46977 TI - Letter: Metiamide in Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 46978 TI - Letter: vitamin-D metabolism in chronic renal failure. PMID- 46979 TI - Letter: failure of canine kidney preservation using Sacks II solution. PMID- 46980 TI - Letter: Book prices. PMID- 46981 TI - Letter: The Open University and medical studies. PMID- 46982 TI - Letter: Chromosomes in ataxia-telangiectasia. PMID- 46983 TI - Letter: Malignant hyperthermia: a human and procine stress syndrome? PMID- 46984 TI - Letter: Inadequate analgesia at night. PMID- 46985 TI - Letter: HL-A 27 and ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 46986 TI - Letter: HL-A and idiopathic optic neuritis. PMID- 46987 TI - Letter: obesity and glucose receptors. PMID- 46988 TI - Letter: Insulin antibodies in diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 46989 TI - Letter: immunoglobulin separation using Sephadex G-200. PMID- 46990 TI - Letter: abnormal organic acidurias in mentally retarded patients. PMID- 46991 TI - Letter: the future of health services. PMID- 46992 TI - Letter: the consultants' contract. PMID- 46995 TI - Letter: Closure of St. Wulstan's hospital. PMID- 46994 TI - Letter: reviewing the 36,000 licences. PMID- 46993 TI - Letter: the White Bill on abortion. PMID- 46996 TI - Letter: V.I.P.s in hospital. PMID- 46997 TI - Letter: Association of district community physicians. PMID- 46998 TI - Letter: Urate-oxidase treatment for hyperuricaemia. PMID- 46999 TI - Letter: Omphalocele and raised alphafetoprotein in amniotic fluid. PMID- 47000 TI - Letter: Incidence of congenital limb-reduction deformities. PMID- 47001 TI - Letter: Ascorbic acid in levodopa therapy. PMID- 47002 TI - Letter: Blood and urinary nicotine in non-smokers. PMID- 47003 TI - Letter: Immunostimulants in primary hepatomas. PMID- 47005 TI - Letter: Accelerated students. PMID- 47004 TI - Letter: Infectivity of blood containing hepatitis-B antibody. PMID- 47006 TI - Letter: Spleen irradiation and B/T cell relationship in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 47007 TI - Letter: Circulating IgE levels in patients with cancer. PMID- 47008 TI - Letter: Unsuitability of blood-donors for population genetics. PMID- 47009 TI - Letter: Management of mild hypertension. PMID- 47010 TI - Letter: Small intestinal mucosa in cow's milk allergy. PMID- 47011 TI - Letter: Vitamin E, selenium, and knee problems. PMID- 47012 TI - Frederick James Simkin Hall. PMID- 47013 TI - Stanley Galbraith Graham. PMID- 47014 TI - Ernest George Brewis. PMID- 47015 TI - Faecal bile-acids and clostridia in patients with cancer of the large bowel. AB - Of 44 patients with cancer of the large bowel, 36 ( 82%) had high faecal bile acid concentrations compared with only 15 (17%) out of 90 patients with other diseases. 31 (70%) of the 44 patients with large-bowel cancer had high faecal bile-acid concentrations in the presence of faecal clostridia able to dehydrogenate the bile-acid nucleus, compared with only 8 (9%) out of 90 patients with other diseases. Thes findings support the hypothesis that cancer of the large bowel is caused by high concentrations of bile-acid derivatives produced by certain anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 47016 TI - Relation between regular intake of phenacetin-containing analgesics and laboratory evidence for urorenal disorders in a working female population of Switzerland. AB - A study group of 623 employed Swiss women aged 30-49 years showing objective evidence of intake of phenacetin-containing analgesics, and a control group of 621 comparable women showing no such intake, were observed for 4 years (1969-72) for laboratory evidence of urorenal disorders. In both study and control groups morbidity was low. There was no difference between the study and control groups with respect to subsequent proteinuria, bacteriuria, and haematuria. The 4-year incidence of low urine specific gravity after overhight thirsting was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (3-8% v. 0-8%) and the incidence of raised serum-creatinine was also significantly higher in the study group (2-9% v. 0-4%). However, when the study group was further subdivided into a sub-group showing evidence of high intake of phenacetincontaining analgesics and one showing low intake, only the high-intake subgroup had an incidence of raised serum-creatinine (5-4%) significantly higher than the control group (0-4%), whereas the low-intake subgroup had an incidence (0-4%) similar to the control group. PMID- 47017 TI - Migraine and reporoductive hormones throughout the menstrual cycle. AB - In a clinical survey the relation between migraine and menstruation was studied in 142 otherwise healthy women. In 24, onset of migraine coincided with the year of menarch. Of the 138 patients in whom onset of migraine predated the menopause, there were only 13 in whom attacks occurred regularly, and only, just before or during menstruation; in a further 11 attacks occurred regularly in relation to menstruation and at other times. Those with menstrually related migraine were more likely to have onset of migraine at menarche, to have associated weight gain and breast discomfort as part of a periodic syndrome, and to show improvement during pregnancy. There appeared no clear pattern of change at the menopause. In a study of reproductive hormones, blood was collected daily throughout a menstrual cycle from each of 8 women with menstrually related migraine, 6 with menstrually non-related migraine, and 8 healthy headache-free controls. Plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (F.S.H.), luteinising hormone (L.H.), prolactin, oestrogen, and progesterone were measured in all. Plasma-testosterone was measured in 8 migraine patients. Mean plasma oestrogen and progesterone levels were significantly higher in migraine patients than controls for most of the menstrual cycle, with the most striking differences found in the late luteal phase for progesterone. No significant difference was found between the menstrually related and non-related patients for these or the other hormones measured. Mean plasma-prolactin levels were lower in migraine subjects than controls, but the difference was not significant. Mean plasma F.S.H. and L.H. levels were similar in both migraine and control groups. Plasma-testosterone levels were within the range for normal in the 8 migraine patients studied. No specific hormone changes were associated with the occurrence of a migraine attack, nor did rising or falling levels, or greater increments of change over given cycle phases, appear important in provoking attacks. PMID- 47018 TI - Is low-renin hypertension a stage in the development of essential hypertension or a diagnostic entity? AB - A study of the frequency distribution of plasma-renin concentration in 81 patients with essential hypertension produced no evidence of a distinct sub population with low renin levels. An arbitrary dividing line was used, therefore, to define low-renin hypertension (36% of patinets). Patients in this group were older than those with normal renin levels, and there was a significant negative correlation between renin and age among all patients. Low-renin hypertension was not characterized by increased exchangeable sodium, but exchaneable postassium was significantly lower than in patients with normal plasma-renin. This difference became insignificant when five patients in the low-renin group with persistent hypokalaemia were excluded. It is concluded that low-renin hypertension does not represent a separate diagnostic entity but that plasma renin falls with age in essential hypertension. PMID- 47019 TI - Chronic pancreatitis, sclerosing cholangitis, and sicca complex in two siblings. AB - A new syndrome of chronic pancreatitis, sclerosing cholangitis, sicca complex, and other features was found in a brother and sister. Leucocyte-migration inhibition in the presence of a bile antigen in both patients suggested that immune mechanisms may be involved. PMID- 47020 TI - Drug identification using punched feature cards. PMID- 47021 TI - Editorial: Immunological tolerance. PMID- 47022 TI - Editorial: Blind alleys in the Hodgkin's maze. PMID- 47023 TI - Editorial:vitamins and the pill. PMID- 47024 TI - Editorial: L.C.A.T. and atheroma. PMID- 47025 TI - Editorial:cyclic A.M.P. in depressive illness. PMID- 47026 TI - Spread of hepatitis during renal dialysis. PMID- 47027 TI - Editorial: Postscript to thalidomide. PMID- 47028 TI - Vitamins and oral contraceptive use. AB - Reports concerning the interaction between steroidal contraceptives (the combined pill) and vitamins indicate that in users the mean serum-vitamin-A level is raised and the mean serum-vitamin-B2 (riboflavine), vitamin-B6 (pyridoxine), vitamine-C, folic-acid, and vitamin-B12 levels are reduced. Other vitamins have been insufficiently studied for comment. Biochemical evidence of co-enzyme deficiency has been reported for vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and folic acid. Clinical effects due to vitamin deficiency have been described for vitamin B6--namely, depression and impaired glucose tolerance. Folic-acid deficiency with megaloblastic anaemia has been reported in only 21 cases. PMID- 47029 TI - Effusions into body cavities in hypothyroidism. AB - Effusions into body cavities secondary to hypothyroidism, though rare, are well recognised. They may precede the more specific and typical manifestations of the disease, thereby misleading the clinician. PMID- 47030 TI - Letter: Asymptomatic non-fatal canine rabies. PMID- 47031 TI - Letter: Whooping-cough vaccination. PMID- 47032 TI - Editorial: The consultants' contract. PMID- 47033 TI - Letter: Active immunisation against varicella. PMID- 47034 TI - Letter: Recognition of diphtheria. PMID- 47035 TI - Letter: Privlilege and responsibility. PMID- 47036 TI - Letter: Representation of community health councils in health-centre management. PMID- 47037 TI - Letter: Hospitals for the mentally handicapped. PMID- 47038 TI - Letter: Screening for disease. PMID- 47039 TI - Letter: Water temperature and the "diving reflex". PMID- 47040 TI - Letter: Heterozygote advantage in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 47041 TI - Letter: Autoimmunity and vascular disease. PMID- 47042 TI - Letter: Health of firemen. PMID- 47043 TI - Letter: Lymphocyte-dependent antibody cross-matching for transplant patients. PMID- 47044 TI - Letter:"Null cells" in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 47045 TI - Letter: Levamisole. PMID- 47046 TI - Letter: Absolutism and alchololism. PMID- 47047 TI - Letter: Hypokalaemia, digitalis, and arrhythmias. PMID- 47048 TI - Letter: Bacteriuria in children. PMID- 47049 TI - Letter: In-vitro minocycline activity against tetracycline-resistant staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 47050 TI - Letter: Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to gentamicin. PMID- 47051 TI - Letter: Treatment of malignant melanoma. PMID- 47052 TI - Letter: Rectal bleeding and indomethacin suppositories. PMID- 47053 TI - Letter: Syncope after a cold drink. PMID- 47054 TI - Letter: Zinc,acrodermatitis enteropathica, and congenital malformations. PMID- 47055 TI - Letter: Zinc during diuretic treatment. PMID- 47056 TI - Letter: Hyponatraemia and diuretics. PMID- 47057 TI - Letter: Granulocyte tranfusions in acute leukeamia. PMID- 47058 TI - Letter: Treatment of bronchial carcinoma. PMID- 47059 TI - Letter: Treatment of maturity-onset diabetes. PMID- 47060 TI - Letter: Spontaneous cytotoxic-activity as a test of human lymphocyte function. PMID- 47061 TI - Letter: Sutures for skin closure. PMID- 47063 TI - Letter: Circulating IgE levels in patients with cancer. PMID- 47062 TI - Letter: Vagotomy. PMID- 47064 TI - Letter: National dried milk. PMID- 47065 TI - Letter: Dissolution of cholesterol stones. PMID- 47067 TI - Letter: Tests for HBAg. PMID- 47066 TI - Letter: L 5-Hydroxytryptophan and mood. PMID- 47068 TI - Letter Sudden death and sport. PMID- 47069 TI - Letter: Gene dosage effect in trisomy 21. PMID- 47070 TI - Letter: Jaundice associated with norethisterone-acetate treatment of breast cancer. PMID- 47071 TI - Letter: Brucellosis. PMID- 47072 TI - Letter: Erythroblastic synartesis. PMID- 47073 TI - Letter: Prolactin and maternal immune reaction against fetus. PMID- 47074 TI - Letter: Giardiasis. PMID- 47075 TI - Angus Macrae. PMID- 47076 TI - Zelman Lion Szur. PMID- 47077 TI - Immediate prognosis in recurrent myocardial infarction. AB - Of 880 patients admitted consecutively to a coronary-care unit with acute myocardial infarction, 200 had had a previous infarction. The mortality-rate in the first twenty-eight days after infarction was higher in the group with recurrent infarction (26 per cent) than in the group with first infarctions (16.9 per cent). When the patients were matched for sex and age this difference in mortality-rate was only statistically significant in men aged less than seventy. In patients with previous infarctions the short-term prognosis was worse in those with two or more previous infarctions, in those in whom infarction had occurred less than three months before, and in those with a previous infarction in the anteroseptal wall. PMID- 47078 TI - Hazards from simian herpes viruses: reactivation of skin lesions with virus shedding. AB - A new simian herpes virus with biological properties similar to herpes simplex and to simian "B" virus has been used as a model system for studying virus latency in dorsal root spinal sensory ganglia. Following intradermal injection, virus is present in the skin lesions and corresponding ganglia only, during the acute stage of the disease. By organ-culture techniques, latent virus was rescued from ganglia up to 2 years later. No latent virus was ever found in skin organ cultures of the primary site. Treatment with cortisone up to 18 months later reactivated virus latent in the ganglia, and virus returned to the skin where it produced small but typical herpes lesions which shed virus. Reactivation of Herpesvirus tamarinus was achieved after 28 months. This is believed to be the first report of a model system for the study of herpes latency in which skin lesions are found to recur, and provides an opportunity for more detailed investigations of the mechanisms of virus latency in man. The presumption that reactivation of skin lesions will also be possible in rhesus monkeys seropositive for "B" virus points to a possibly grave and largely unsuspected hazard for those engaged in primate research. PMID- 47079 TI - Passive transfer of antibodies of maternal origin from blood to cerebrospinal fluid in infants. AB - The demonstration that specific IgM antibodies are present in the serum of infants is useful in the diagnosis of several congenital infections. However, it is less certain whether the detection of antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) of infants indicates congenital infection of the central nervous system, because the origins of such antibodies have not been established. In the present study diphtheria and tetanus antitoxins of maternal origin have been detected both in the serum and in the c.s.f. of infants. These observations suggest that an important source of immunoglobulins in c.s.f. is passive transfer of antibodies from serum which should be considered in interpreting serological studies with c.s.f. PMID- 47080 TI - Refeeding-malaria and hyperferraemia. AB - During the Central African (Sahelian) drought, attacks of falciparum malaria were common in patients and their relatives shortly after their arrival in a hospital in Eastern Niger. A prospective study of 72 adult patients not admitted for malaria and 109 accompanying relatives was undertaken to investigate this observation. 23 attacks occurred in patients and 51 in relatives, with a peak frequency five days after arrival. On arrival, parasitaemia was low but reached a maximum by five days. Serum-iron and percentage saturation of transferrin were moderately increased initially, rose dramatically within forty-eight hours with near maximum saturation, and were falling by the fifth day. It is suggested that the early hyperferraemia, apparently related to refeeding, led to rapid multiplication of existing parasites and attacks of malaria. The results of experimental malarial infection of Wistar rats, half of which had been given intramuscular iron, supported this hypothesis. PMID- 47081 TI - Bottle-feeding: influence of teat-hole on suck volume. AB - Infants have been fed with teats whose end-holes varied in shape and size. Two types of feeding-bottles were used. With conventional feeding-bottles, variations of teat-hole shape and size did not significantly alter the volumes of milk obtained at each suck. However, when an infant feeding-bottle was used which contained a valve, then variations in teat-hole shape and size did alter the volumes of milk obtained. The volume of milk obtained from a standard teat under such circumstances was the same as the volume previously calculated for breast feeding. PMID- 47082 TI - Pyogenic liver abscess caused by Streptococcus milleri. AB - Three clinically typical cases of multiple pyogenic liver abscesses are presented. In all three cases Streptococus milleri was isolated from the pus and in two cases it was isolated from blood cultures also. The patients were successfully treated by surgical drainage and antibiotics. PMID- 47083 TI - Immunogenicity and acceptability of a human diploid-cell culture rabies vaccine in volunteers. AB - A rabies vaccine, prepared in human diploid-cell culture, was given intradermally (i.d.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) to 35 volumteers who had not previously received prophylactic immunisation. Rabies neutralising antibody titres rose sharply after the first dose, and 4 weeks after the second dose all titres were above 1/80 (1-7 i.u. per ml.). Immunisation via the i.d. and i.m. routes was equally successful in terms of likely immune status, but the i.d. rate was associated with many more local sideeffects. PMID- 47085 TI - Editorial: Simian viruses again. PMID- 47084 TI - Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter in the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 47086 TI - Editorial: Therapeutic possibilities in cannabinoids. PMID- 47087 TI - Editorial: Diabetes and the fetus. PMID- 47088 TI - Editorial: Membrane markers in lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 47090 TI - Editorial: Bad to worse. PMID- 47089 TI - Editorial: A human-leukaemia virus? PMID- 47091 TI - Disorders of blood-lipids in renal disease. AB - Hyperlipidaemia is a characteristic feature not only of the nephrotic syndrome but also of chronic renal disease without the features of that syndrome. There is evidence for disordered lipid metabolism in patients with chronic renal disease. In these patients the disordered lipid metabolism, the precise cause of which is unknown, is characterised by hypertriglyceridaemia, the aetiology of which is probably multifactorial. Hyperlipidaemia is an important potential risk factor in the aetiology of cardiovascular disease, which may be a leading cause of death in patients undergoing long-term maintenance haemodialysis therapy. PMID- 47092 TI - Costs of detecting and treating cancer of the uterine cervix in North-East Scotland in 1971. AB - In 1971 the Aberdeen cytology service handled 22,291 cervical smears- threequarters from women participating in a screening programme and the rest from women with symptoms who were referred to hospital. As a result of screening, 56 preclinical cases of cancer of the cervix uteri were treated in hospital; 13 others were classified as less than preclinical. Of the gynaecological patients 20 had clinical cancer and 29 had less than preclinical lesions. From estimates of the costs of running the cytology service and of hospital inpatient costs it is possible to derive figures for detecting and treating preclinical cases and investigating and treating clinical cases. The cost to the Health Service of detecting and treating each preclinical case was slightly less (445 pounds) than that for impatient treatment of each clinical case (487 pounds). However, if mass screening were abandoned cytology would almost certainly continue for women referred to hospital with symptoms, and, if the costs of taking and examining these smears is taken into account, the cost per clinical case treated nearly doubles to 835 pounds. Had outpatient and other follow-up costs been included, the difference in service costs would be even greater. Comparison of these figures assumes the controversial point that preclinical cancer will always progress to invasive carcinoma if left untreated and takes no account of inflation and discounting. PMID- 47093 TI - Ideas, institutions, and a diagnosis. PMID- 47094 TI - Letter: Consultants and government. PMID- 47095 TI - Letter: Inadequate analgesia. PMID- 47096 TI - Letter: Sudden death and sport. PMID- 47097 TI - Letter: The need to preserve the "open" contract. PMID- 47098 TI - Letter: Medical audit. PMID- 47099 TI - Letter: Hyperviscosity angina. PMID- 47100 TI - Letter: Synovectomy. PMID- 47101 TI - Letter: Terminal fittings for medical gas pipelines. PMID- 47102 TI - Letter: Malignant hyperpyrexia. PMID- 47103 TI - Letter: The pill and subsequent pregnancies. PMID- 47104 TI - Letter: Birth defects and oestrogens and progesterones in pregnancy. PMID- 47105 TI - Letter: Thromboembolism, oral contraceptives, and oestrogen concentration gradient. PMID- 47106 TI - Letter: Steroidal contraceptive therapy: hepatomas and vitamin A. PMID- 47107 TI - Letter: Zinc deficiency and congenital malformations. PMID- 47108 TI - Letter: Iron deficiency and infection. PMID- 47109 TI - Letter: Neural-tube malformations in offspring of spina-bifida patients. PMID- 47110 TI - Letter: hepatoma associated with androgenic steroids. PMID- 47111 TI - Letter: Dosage of steroids. PMID- 47112 TI - Letter: Effect of prednisolone on lymphocyte transformation in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 47113 TI - Letter: Surface ultrastructural changes of lymphoid cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 47114 TI - Letter: Age-related changes in T and B cells. PMID- 47115 TI - Letter: T lymphocytes in HBAg carriers and responders. PMID- 47116 TI - Letter: HB5Ag in spinal fluid from leukaemic children. PMID- 47117 TI - Letter: T cells, B cells, and HL-A8 in chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 47119 TI - Letter: Bilirubin levels in neonates. PMID- 47118 TI - Letter: Cytophilic autoantibody in chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 47120 TI - Letter: High-density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis. PMID- 47121 TI - Letter: Parvovirus-like particles in human faeces. PMID- 47122 TI - Letter: Treatment of small-cell carcinoma of bronchus. PMID- 47123 TI - Letter: Management of intracranial aneurysms. PMID- 47124 TI - Letter: Aetiology of patent ductus arteriosus. PMID- 47125 TI - Letter: Indomethacin and closure of the ductus arteriosus. PMID- 47126 TI - Letter: Glucagon in pathogenesis of diabetes. PMID- 47127 TI - Letter: Avirulent corynebacteria. PMID- 47128 TI - Letter: HL-A8 and W15 in diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension. PMID- 47129 TI - Letter: Anaerobic corynebacteria and anaesthetics. PMID- 47130 TI - Letter: Chloramphenicol resistance in haemophilus species. PMID- 47131 TI - Letter: Hygiene of babies' incubators. PMID- 47132 TI - Letter: Mitochondria in oncogenesis. PMID- 47133 TI - Letter: Mongolism by tertiary trisomy. PMID- 47134 TI - Letter: Plasma-renin and blood-pressure. PMID- 47135 TI - Letter: Bioavailability of drugs after intramuscular injection. PMID- 47136 TI - Letter: The toxicity of plutonium. PMID- 47137 TI - Letter: Working with plutonium. PMID- 47138 TI - Letter: Baclofen in the treatment of schizophrenia. PMID- 47139 TI - Letter: Stimulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis by capsaicin, ethanol, and tyramine. PMID- 47140 TI - Sidney Campbell Dyke. PMID- 47141 TI - Transcapillary efflux of gamma globulin in rabbit skeletal muscle. PMID- 47142 TI - Defense mechanisms against infectious diseases: general considerations with particular reference to morphological and cellular aspects. PMID- 47143 TI - Viral hepatitis: current studies and future prospects. PMID- 47144 TI - [Characteristics of artefacts following fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide]. AB - In the myocard and kidney of rats perfused with Karnovsyk's solution for 5--10 minutes then fixed for two more hours and postfixed in 1 per cent solution of osmium tetroxid in Millonig buffer, characteristic electrondense granules were observed. The structure of the organ appeared to be normal. Although the granules appeared to be diffuse, they presence was most marked on the membranes, on the surface of erythrocytes and in the pinocytic vacuoles both on counterstained slides and on those of without counterstaining. When postfixation was carried out with osmium-tetroxide solved in Veronal buffer artefacts did not occur. To avoid artefacts fixation in glutaraldehyd should not be followed by a postfixative containing phosphate buffer. PMID- 47145 TI - [Experimental malakoplakia in the kidney]. AB - Malakoplakia in kidney of rats was caused experimentally by injection of large quantities of not purified endotoxin-antigen complex of Escherichia coli 0 75 (O. coli 127 97 CDC 0 group 75; American Type Culture Collection, Eight Edition 1968, page 24). The extract in the beginning became surrounded by leukocytes, later by macrophages. The latter then were transformed into characteristic Hansemann cells. From the 8th day on started the depletion of calcium phosphate in the cytosegresomes of macrophages, thus forming the Michaelis-Guttmann bodies, necessary for the diagnosis of malakoplakia. It is believed that complex of endoxin- and antigen of Escherichia coli may take a part - at least in certain cases - in formation of malakoplakia in human. PMID- 47146 TI - [Electron miscroscopic liver changes in acute carbon tetrachloride poisoning in man)]. AB - Lesions of the liver revealed by light and electron microscopy at two young men, workers of the chemical industry are described. At one of the patients biopsy was performed twice at the other three times. Patient having jaundice were admitted to hospital because of the suspected acute viral hepatitis. Laboratory findings have shown an acute parenchymal lesion. By light microscopy at one of them mid zonal, at the other centro-lobular necrosis of hepatic cells further lipoid droplets of the cytoplasma of hepatocytes were revealed. Electronmicroscopically in the first biopsy specimens, and at one of the ptients at the second biopsy as well mostly damage to the mitochondria (enormous osmiophilia of the matrix, presence of osmiophil granules) and enlargement of the tubules of the endoplasmic reticulum could be seen. The controll clinical and morphological findings evidenced the reversible character of the process. Authors stress the differences existing between hepatic lesions caused by CCl4 at different persons on one side, and at rat and human liver on the other. PMID- 47147 TI - Induction of translocations by cyclophosphamide in different germ cell stages of male mice: cytological characterization and transmission. AB - Cytological and fertility tests were performed in F1 male mice derived from different germ-cell stages of male parents treated with cyclophosphamide (350 mg/kg body weight). The objectives of the present experiment were: (I) to determine the sensitivity of the male germ-cell stages to the induction of translocations by the compound, and (2) to characterize translocation configurations in F1 and F2 males, in order to obtain information about the pattern of chromosome breakage induced and its transmission to subsequent generations. Of 508 F1 males studied, 39 were partially sterile. The group of males conceived 8-21 days after treatment contained by far the highest proportion of partially sterile animals (30%). It was also the only group in which totally sterile animals (11%) were found. Of 25 semisterile males from this group, 24 gave evidence of translocations when spermatocytes were scored at diakinesis. The translocation frequencies in F1 derived from treated spermatozoa and spermatocytes were 14 and 1%, respectively. No translocations were detected cytologically in 6 semisterile males derived from treated spermatogonial stages. These results indicate that spermatid stages are especially sensitive to the mutagenic action of cyclophosphamide. In 21 of the 31 semisterile translocation males (68%), the majority of the spermatocytes contained 18 bivalents plus a ring of-four configuration, indicating that both breakpoints were relatively centrally located; and in several of these males, the frequency of cells with rings was close to 100%. In another 9 F1 males (29%) the predominant multivalent configuration was a chain-of-four, indicating one of the breakpoints to be relatively more terminally located; and in one male (3%), the majority of cells had two unequal bivalents, indicating both breakpoints to be fairly close to the ends of the chromosomes involved. Determination of centromere positions by the use of C-banding showed that chain-of-four configurations in any one male were predominantly of a given type.. PMID- 47148 TI - Activation of the properdin pathway of complement in patients with gram-negative of bacteremia. AB - To determine the pathway used for activation of complement component C3, serum levels of components C1, C4, C2, C3, C5, C6, and C9 and two properdin factors, properdin and factor B, were measured in 42 patients with gram-negative bacteremia, in 19 of whom shock subsequently developed. Mean levels of the classical components C1, C4, and C2 in bacteremic patients in whom shock subsequently developed did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.05) from those of patients with uncomplicated bacteremia. Levels of properdin, factor B and C3, C5, C6, and C9 were significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased in patients with shock in comparison with those with uncomplicated bacteremia. Taken together, these findings are consistent with activation of C3 and the terminal complement sequence, C5-C9, occurring primarily by the properdin pathway, in patients with gram-negative bacteremia eventuating in shock. Biologically active products released during activation of C3-C9 may contribute to the development of shock. PMID- 47149 TI - Chronic progressive panencephalitis due to rubella virus simulating subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - Late-onset chronic progressive panencephalitis developed in a 12-year-old boy with congenital rubella syndrome from whose brain rubella virus was isolated. Progressive dementia began at eight, and ataxia, choreiform movements, myoclonic seizures, and fine perimacular pigmentation appeared at 11 years of age. The cerebrospinal fluid was minimally pleocytotic and had a total protein of 156 mg per deciliter, of which 52 per cent was gamma globulin. Electroencephalography demonstrated generalized medium and occasional high-voltage slowing without burst suppression. The antibody titer to rubella virus (hemagglutination inhibition) was 1:8192 in serum and 1:256 in cerebrospinal fluid. Antibody titer to measles virus (complement fixation) was less than 1:8 in serum. Microscopical study of biopsied brain tissue at the age of 11 disclosed panencephalitis similar to subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, but with perivascular deposits and without inclusion bodies. Rubella virus was isolated from the brain by cocultivation with CV-1 cells. PMID- 47150 TI - Immunoperoxidase staining of alpha-bungarotoxin binding sites in muscle endplates shows distribution of acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 47151 TI - Centromeric asymmetry and induction of translocations and sister chromatid exchanges in mouse chromosomes. PMID- 47152 TI - Letter: are centromeric dots kinetochores? PMID- 47153 TI - [Technic of muscle biopsy]. PMID- 47154 TI - [Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. Report of a clinical case]. AB - An unusual case of eosinophilic gastroenteritis is described, together with its differential diagnosis from allergic enteropathy. Numerous biopsies and other instrumental examinations pointed to small intestine as the only site and eosinophilic enteritis as a suitable classification. Disappearance of the clinical symptoms was obtained with corticosteroid management in the space of 6 months. PMID- 47155 TI - Progress in fetal assessment. AB - The growth areas in fetal assessment in late pregnancy have been studied by making a quantitative review of the papers in four obstetric journals. Of the 130 relevant papers published, in 1973, the most common subject treated was the phospholipid test of fetal lung maturity. Other important tests reviewed were estrogen assays, ultrasonic studies, human placental lactogen and alpha fetoprotein measurements. The clinical value of phospholipid tests was demonstrated; liquor creatinine assays are much inferior in assessing fetal maturity. Plasma estriol assays are likely to be of increasing importance in clinical practice. Some caution should be applied in the interpretation of ultrasonic measurements of biparietal diameter as a test of fetal development and well-being. PMID- 47156 TI - [Specificity of passive hemagglutination tests in the serological diagnosis of urinary tract infections. IV. Level of antibodies against crude antigens obtained from Enterobacteriaceae in affected children and adult blood donors]. PMID- 47157 TI - Some etiologic and prognostic factors in early infantile autism and psychosis. AB - Fifty infants and young preschool children seen in a pediatric developmental service and diagnosed as having "autism" all had evidence of organic disease of the brain and three fourths had mental deficiency of varying degrees. They did not differ in any respect from a comparison group of patients with central nervous system dysfunction unassociated with the symptom complex of autism. Both groups of patients had a high incidence of low birthweight, complications of pregnancy and the neonatal period, seizure disorders, and a variety of specific disease entities associated with developmental defects. Follow-up of 40 of the 45 survivors for a mean of five years showed that none of the patients had had treatment directed to their psychotic symptoms. However, three fourths had established social responses appropriate to their level of function; those who did not generally were over 3 years of age at the time of their first examination or had initial DQs of 35 or less. The degree of mental deficiency was as great or greater at follow-up than it was initially. PMID- 47158 TI - [Endocrine cells of gastric mucosa in children]. PMID- 47160 TI - Symposium on intensive care of the surgical patient. Forward. PMID- 47159 TI - Personality profiles and leadership potential of medical-surgical and psychiatric nursing graduate students. AB - When personality profiles and leadership potential of psychiatric and medical surgical nursing graduate students were compared, using the California Psychological inventory (CPI) and the Managerial Key for the CPI, medical surgical majors scored significantly higher on the CPI scale (p greater than .05). Overall, both groups scored higher than the norm and showed a more optimal personality development than has been observed in earlier studies of this kind. In the Managerial Key for the CPI, the test of leadership potential on both groups received a high rating, comparable to that of the top-management group in the original research. PMID- 47161 TI - Evaluation of nursing assessment and intervention in the surgical ICU. PMID- 47162 TI - Water and electrolyte balance in the postoperative patient. PMID- 47163 TI - Assessment of psychologic status in the surgical ICU patient. PMID- 47164 TI - Nursing assessment of the surgical intensive care patient. PMID- 47165 TI - Nursing care of slipped femoral epiphysis. PMID- 47167 TI - Virus infection of the human skin. PMID- 47168 TI - Breast feeding. PMID- 47166 TI - Nursing care in breast surgery. PMID- 47169 TI - [13/14 translocation in siblings with mytonic dystrophy identified by the banding technic]. PMID- 47170 TI - [Problems connected with transurethral electroresection of prostatic adenoma]. PMID- 47171 TI - [Evaluation of temporary hemostatic sutures in prostatectomy for prostatic adenoma by the Juvar method with our modification]. PMID- 47172 TI - The role of injection therapy in allergic asthma. PMID- 47173 TI - Differences in the surface proteins of mouse B and T cells. AB - We have selectively labeled the surface of mouse thymus-dependent (T) and thymus independent (B) lymphocytes by means of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination. Examination of the labeled proteins by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate followed by autoradiography revealed differences in the cell surface proteins of B and T cells. Proteins from labeled thymocytes, T cell lymphomas, and both normal and activated peripheral T cells give a broad band of radioactivity corresponding to at least two protein components with apparent molecular weights of 170,000 to 190,000. This band is absent from autoradiographs of iodinated B cell proteins, which instead have another band corresponding to a protein with an apparent molecular weight of about 220,000. We have shown that these T and B cell marker proteins are synthesized by the cell and are not serum components selectively bound to the cell surface. We have also established that these proteins are the major iodinated species precipitated from Nonidet P-40 cell lysates by rabbit anti-mouse lymphocyte serum, suggesting that they are the major antigens recognized by rabbit antibodies to mouse lymphocytes. PMID- 47175 TI - Enzymatic activation and trapping of luminol-substituted peptides and proteins. A possible means of amplifying the cytotoxicity of anti-tumor antibodies. AB - Glutathione and glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) conjugates containing covalently bound luminol were prepared as prototypes for peptides and proteins with latent, enzyme-activatable chemical reactivity. In the presence of small quantities of activated horseradish peroxidase, conjugated luminol molecules were oxidized to unstable free radicals which reacted rapidly with soluble proteins and cells. These observations are of interest in regard to possible sequential localization reactions in which a few molecules of cell-bound antibody-horseradish peroxidase would be used to catalytically alter and trap many molecules of a second (luminol substituted) enzyme, toxin, or hapten in the same area, as might be desirable in promoting selective cell destruction. PMID- 47174 TI - Inhibition of oncornavirus functions by 2'-azido polynucleotides. AB - The 2'-azido analogs of poly(U) and poly(C), poly(dUz) [poly(2'-azido-2' deoxyuridylic acid)], and poly-(dCz [poly(2'-azido-2'-deoxycytidylic acid)], were found to inhibit the RNA-directed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) activity of murine leukemia (Moloney, Rauscher) and sarcoma (Moloney) virus, and feline leukemia (Theilen) and sarcoma (Gardner) virus, while under the same conditions the unsubstituted parent compounds failed to do so. In addition, poly(dUz) and poly(dCz) inhibited the replication of exogenous murine sarcoma virus (Moloney) in nontransformed cells (as assessed by an infectious center assay), but poly(dUz) failed to suppress the formation of endogenous sarcoma and leukemia viruses in transformed cell lines (MO-P, JLSV5). In these same cells, poly(dUz) failed to inhibit the multiplication of vesicular stomatitis virus. These data add further strength to the contention that reverse transcriptase is necessary for the productive infection and transformation of normal cells by oncornaviruses but is not essential maintenance of this transformed state and the continuous production of new viruses particles by these transformed cells. PMID- 47176 TI - Site-directed mutagenesis: effect of an extracistronic mutation on the in vitro propagation of bacteriophage Qbeta RNA. AB - It has been proposed that the nucleotide sequences of the 3' terminal extracistronic regions of phage RNA plus and minus strands have been strictly conserved during evolution because they are stringently required for recognition by the viral replicase. We have devised a method to generate point mutations at selected sites in the genome of phage Qbeta. The in vitro synthesis of Qbeta RAN with G leads to A transition in the 16th position from the 3' end, i.e., in the terminal extracistronic region of the genome, is outlined. When a mixture of about 60% wild-type and 40% mutant RNA was repeatedly replicated, the mutant RNA was enriched to 80%, showing that at least this point mutation in the terminal sequence of Qbeta RNA does not impair its in vitro replication, but in fact slightly accelerates it. PMID- 47178 TI - Radiation therapy in multiple myeloma. AB - In this retrospective study of 76 patients with myeloma, the indications for radiation therapy are reviewed and its value analyzed. Eleven patients presented with a "solitary plasmacytoma" and 65 patients presented with disseminated disease. Radiation therapy is successful in both the palliation of pain (81% of cases) and in producing long-term remission and possibly cure in solitary lesions. PMID- 47177 TI - Stoma care. PMID- 47179 TI - T lymphocyte interaction with viruses and virus-infected tissues. PMID- 47180 TI - [Phosphatases. XI. Atypical variants of alkaline phosphatase in tumorous affections. Assessment, diagnostic value and correlation with finding of alpha-1 fetoprotein (author's transl)]. PMID- 47181 TI - P-Chloramphetamine: Selective neurotoxic action in brain. AB - Injection of 2.5,5, 10, or 20 milligrams of p-chloroamphetamine per kilogram of body weight into rats produced evidence of cytopathological changes in sections of brain stained by a Nissl or silver method. As early as 1 day after drug injection cells demonstrated an intense Nissl staining, intense argyrophilia, cellular shrinkage, and perineuronal spaces. At 30 days after injection both stains revealed cellular debris and glial reactions characteristic of cellular dissolution. The neurotoxic effects of 2.5, 5, or 10 milligrams of p chloroamphetamine per kilogram were primarily restricted to an area of the ventral midbrain tegmentum corresponding to the distribution of the B-9 serotonergic cell group. After 20 milligrams of p-chloroamphetamine per kilogram there was also evidence of neurotoxic effects on cells within the substantia nigra. These results confirm previous suggestions that the long-term reduction in serotonin content of brain, tryptophan-5-hydroxylase activity, and uptake of serotonin after injection of p-chloroamphetamine is due to a neurotoxic effect of the drug or some metabolite on serotonergic cell bodies. PMID- 47182 TI - Mechanism of axonal transport: a proposed role for calcium ions. AB - In vitro axonal transport of tritiated protein decreased 40 to 60 percent when neuronal cell bodies were incubated in calcium-free medium, but was not affected when only nerve trunks were exposed to calcium-free conditions. In addition, calcium-45 was transported along axons at a rate similar to that of rapidly transported tritiated protein. These data are interpreted to suggest that calcium ions are involved in the initiation of axonal transport and in the coupling of transported proteins to the transport system. PMID- 47184 TI - Rh erythroblastosis fetalis 1975. AB - Great advances have been made in the management of Rh erythroblastosis fetalis in the past two decades. Perinatal mortality has been reduced from 16.4% to 3.2%. However, perinatal mortality can only be reduced to zero if Rh erythroblastosis can be eradicated by prevention of Rh isoimmunization. Although prevention of Rh immunization by Rh immune globulin prophylaxis is now a reality, it does not appear that Rh immunization will be completely prevented with a single postdelivery injection. Antenatal treatment plus screening by the Kleihauer technique for massive transplacental hemorrhage may be necessary before complete suppression can be achieved. Low protein Rh immune globulin, and ultimately column-produced, very low protein, highly purified Rh immune globulin for intravenous use may prove to be the safest, most economical, and effective material for Rh prevention and total eradication of Rh erythroblastosis fetalis. PMID- 47183 TI - Radionuclide studies in Hodgkin's disease and lymphomas. AB - A rational, multidisciplinary approach to Hodgkin's disease and the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas has been responsible for major advances in therapy. Invasive diagnostic procedures and exploratory laparotomy, with their associated complications, make nontraumatic radionuclide imaging most appealing in both the clinical staging of disease and in evaluating therapy. Gallium-67-citrate, the tumor scanning agent of the early 1970's, has demonstrated a marked affinity for Hodgkin's disease and the other lymphomas. False positives are few, with sensitivity greater than 70% throughout the spectrum of Hodgkin's disease and the histiocytic lymphomas. In addition to confirming sites of suspected neoplasm, this agent has proved useful in the detection of occult involvement. Moreover, resolution of abnormal gallium 67 concentrations on follow-up studies functions as a visual ancillary index of therapeutic response. The value of wholebody gallium-67 scintigraphy is further enhanced when used in conjunction with routine technetium brain, bone, liver, and spleen scans. While the diagnostic accuracy of gallium-67 studies has been limited in the abdomen due to bowel activity, our attempts to improve these results with the tumor-seeking radiopharmaceutical indium-111-Bleomycin were unrewarding and subsequently were discontinued. Finally, radionuclide lymphography has also been explored. Its diagnostic usefulness in detecting pelvic and abdominal lymph node involvement warrants further investigation. PMID- 47185 TI - Ultraphotomacrography of whole histological sections. A simple inexpensive method. AB - A short and simple inexpensive method for black-and-white reproduction is described, utilising an accurate electronic time device, a well-designed condenser enlarger with a good lens and an intense point-source lighting system for even better results. For good colour reproduction, however, expensive photomacrographic equipment is still the only satisfactory method. PMID- 47186 TI - Fesults of the failure to perform adequate preclinical studies before administering new drugs to humans. PMID- 47187 TI - Management of oral and pharyngeal cancer: a multidisciplinary approach. PMID- 47188 TI - Treatment of carcinoma of the pancreas with radon seed implantation and intra arterial infusion of 5-FUDR. PMID- 47189 TI - Palliative cardiac surgery in the infant. PMID- 47190 TI - [Surgical treatment of prostatic hypertrophy]. PMID- 47191 TI - [Our experiences in cryogenic surgery of the prostate]. PMID- 47192 TI - Chemistry of heparin. A short review on recent chemical trends. PMID- 47193 TI - Heparin cofactor and antithrombin. PMID- 47194 TI - Pharmocokinetics of heparin. Distribution and elimination. PMID- 47195 TI - Effect of heparin on the neutralization of factor Xa and thrombin by the plasma alpha-2-globulin inhibitor. PMID- 47196 TI - Staining of the elastic fibers in insect connective tissue after tannic acid/glutaraldehyde fixation. PMID- 47197 TI - Three dimensional fine structure of cultured cells: possible implications for subcellular motility. AB - To determine the three dimensional fine structure of whole motile cells, rat embryo cells, cultured on Formvar-coated cover-glasses, were glutaraldehyde/osmium-fixed, mounted on grids, dehydrated, critical point dried and examined by transmission electron microscopy using stereoscopic techniques. Three dimensional arrays of organelles occurred in a filament-rich cytoplasmic matrix. Here, besides microtubules and elongate filaments, inter-connected filaments formed a widespread fine-mesh space network which attached to the plasma membrane and closely surrounded all organelles. Negative staining revealed a similar newtork in unfixed cells. It is concluded that this network represents part of the force-generating mechanism for various subcellular movements. PMID- 47198 TI - Ultrastructure of neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis of Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera). AB - Six neuron types are distinguished in the pars intercerebralis of the starved fifth instar of Rhodnius prolixus. All neuron types contain electron dense secretory granules derived from Golgi complexes which are of characteristic size and morphology in each type. The neuron types are not thought to represent stages in a secretory cycle. The variety of neuron types described is related to that revealed by staining sections of the same cells with paraldehyde fuchsin. Active synthesis of neurosecretory granules continues throughout starvation and the lysosomal system appears to be involved in the continual degradation of secretory granules. Some of the variations in granule morphology observed may be a consequence of granule fusion and the importance of cytoplasmic events in the development of neurosecretory granules is discussed. PMID- 47199 TI - Differences in the graft-versus-host reactivity of cells migrating through nonlymphoid tissue or lymph nodes. AB - Normal lymphocyte transfer reactions have been used to test the alloreactivity of lymphocytes which have migrated through lymph nodes (i.e., in efferent lymph) or nonlymphoid tissues (i.e., in afferent lymph) in sheep. Lymphocytes from afferent lymph are much less efficient at inducing a normal lymphocyte transfer lesion than lymphocytes from efferent lymph. Afferent cell preparations (which contain about 10% macrophages) do, however, cause a greater inflammatory response in the early part of the reaction, but this is at least partly nonspecific. A mixture of afferent and efferent cells produces a lesion which is simply the sum of the two expected reactions, suggesting that the afferent lymphocytes are not merely inhibited by a factor or cell in the preparation. PMID- 47200 TI - The complexity of the HL-A gene product. II. Possible evidence for a "public" determinant common to the first and second HL-A series. PMID- 47201 TI - Alternate-day steroids in children after renal transplantation. PMID- 47202 TI - [Linear differentiation of the human Y-chromosome]. AB - During the final 5.5th to 7th hr of the cycle in presence of BUdR, the human Y chromosome was delayed in its mitotic condensation in the distal part of the long arm. This part was not homogeneous by the degree of the delay. The unevenly condensed Y-chromosome stained with quinacrine was brightly fluorescent in its stretched part. The fluorescence seemed to correlate with the degree of stretching. The distal part of the long arm was heavily labeled with H3 deoxycytidine thus demonstrating presence of late replicating DNA with GC-base pairs. PMID- 47203 TI - Proceedings: Urethral resistance to flow: the urethral resistance relation. Abbreviated report. PMID- 47204 TI - Dependence of resting urethral pressure on age and sex of healthy subjects and on technical details. AB - The authors used the Harrison and Constable variation of the original method of Brown and Wickham. The maximal pressure level in the urethral pressure profile depends on technical details. Younger healthy individuals show a higher resistance than older ones. Prostate enlargement leads to an elongation of the posterior urethra. The physiological elasticity loss disposes older persons to stress incontinence. PMID- 47205 TI - Preperitoneal herniorrhaphy. Adjunct to prostatic surgery. AB - The preperitoneal approach to inguinal hernia repair can easily be applied at the time of open prostatectomy. Our experience with this procedure is reported, and the surgical technique is described. A preperitoneal herniorrhaphy is easy to perform through the same incision as the prostatectomy, avoids opening new surgical spaces, adds little to the operating time, and saves the patient another surgical procedure. Good results have been achieved in that we have had only 3 recurrences in 38 hernias reparied by the preperitoneal approach. PMID- 47206 TI - Hereditary nephritis. A poorly known entity. PMID- 47207 TI - Antimicrobial drugs in food-producing animals. Control mechanisms of governmental agencies. PMID- 47208 TI - Treatment of clinical mastitis: two intramammary formulations compared. AB - Two hundred cases of mild clinical mastitis were treated on two farms using two intramammary preparations in quick release bases. One preparation contained penicillin and streptomycin, the other contained lincomycin, neomycin and prednisolone. Fifty-eight per cent of cases were clinically and bacteriologically cured using the first preparation; and 61 per cent of cases, with a similar range of organisms, using the second. The main infections were Streptococcus uberis and coliform; all but three of the infections were sensitive in vitro to one or both of the antibiotics in the preparations. On the farm with 100 cows, 69 per cent of cases were cured, while only 52 per cent were cured on the farm with 300 cows. It is suggested that it is more difficult to detect and treat cases in the larger herd. A number of reservations about the interpretation of the results are discussed. PMID- 47209 TI - [Bretylium tosylate--a new antiarrhythmic agent with antifibrillatory effect]. PMID- 47210 TI - [Characteristics of the interaction of Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis DNA with the sera from patient with systemic lupus erythematos]. AB - In blood sera of patients with systemic red lupus there were observed antibodies, which interacted in reaction of indirect hemagglutination and in complement fixation test with DNA of scleromic bacteria and did not react with the other structures of bacterial cell: with Buaven antigen, detergent and capsular polysaccharides. Reaction of indirect hemagglutination of scleromic DNA with the sera was inhibited by DNA preparations of animal origin. The serological activity of DNA from scleromic bacteria depended upon its secondary structure and did not correlate with polymeric state and nucleotide composition of the biopolymer. PMID- 47211 TI - Clinical tolerance and catabolism of plasmin-treated gamma-globulin for intravenous application. AB - Plasmin-treated gamma-globulin of placental origin was tested in clinical and laboratory studies and found to be suitable for intravenous use both for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. Plasmin treatment of gamma-globulin (IgG) results in proteolytic cleavage of 60-70% of the molecules into Fab and Fc fragments whereas 30-40% of the molecules are plasmin resistant. The antibody spectrum of plasmin-treated gamma-globulin is similar to that of standard gamma globulin. Catabolic properties of the plasmin-resistant portion of this preparation and of standard gamma-globulin are identical. Plasmin-treated gamma globulin has no anticomplementary activity and its intravenous administration is well tolerated even by highly sensitive immunodeficient patients. PMID- 47213 TI - Editorial: Newer concepts of prophylaxis in viral hepatitis. PMID- 47212 TI - Origin of the ATP formed during the light-dependent oxygen uptake catalyzed by Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores. AB - The oxygen uptake which is observed when Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores are illuminated under air and in the presence of reduced 2, 6 dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP), 2, 3, 5, 6-tetra-methyl-P-phenylenediamine (diaminodurene, DAD) or N, N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMDP) depends on the electron-donor concentration according to the equation of Michaelis-Menten. The apparent Km for the donor is lowered by the electron-transfer inhibitor 2 heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HQNO) which causes therefore a stimulation of the rate of the reaction at non-saturating concentrations of the donors. In contrast, the ATP formation which takes place simultaneously to oxygen uptake does not show an enzyme-like dependence on donor concentration. Moreover it is inhibited by HQNO to a variable extent, depending on the particular donor present and on its concentration. Therefore it appears that the HQNO-sensitive phosphorylation is coupled to a cyclic flow which coexists and competes with the non-cyclic flow from donor to oxygen. In the presence of HQNO, substrates and uncouplers of ATP formation accelerate somewhat the rate of the oxygen uptake supported by reduced DCIP and DAD. Thus part of the HQNO-resistant phosphorylation seems to be associated with the non-cyclic flow from those tow donors to oxygen. The lack of stimulation by phosphorylation or by uncoupling of the TMPD-supported oxygen uptake does not permit a conclusion as to whether this reaction is coupled to ATP formation or not. Another part of the HQNO-resistant ATP formation is independent of the presence of oxygen and appears to be associated to cyclic flows which bypass the HQNO site. This type of phosphorylation is most important in the presence of TMPD. PMID- 47214 TI - Advances in viral hepatitis. PMID- 47215 TI - [Visual educational aids--preparations of variations of ossiculoplasty with automatic switching on of bias lighting]. PMID- 47216 TI - Stimulation with thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) during antithyroid treatment. AB - During antithyroid treatment a total of 88 TRH tests was performed in 56 clinical euthyroid patients. 56% had negative response to TRH (i.e. delta TSH smaller than 2 muU/ml) after being treated in average 12.6 months and no relation between the duration of treatment and the outcome of the TRH test was found. In the group with positive TRH tests (i.e. delta TSH greater than 2 muU/ml) the mean T4 value was slightly decreased (5.8 plus or minus SD 2.5 mug/100 ml) while the mean T3 value was normal (121 plus or minus SD 32 ng/100 ml). The group with negative TRH tests had quite normal serum T4 values (9.3 plus or minus SD 3.1 mug/100 ml) but in general high normal or elevated serum T3 values (175 plus or minus SD 31 ng/100 ml). Our results seem to indicate that serum T3 is of greater importance than serum T4 with regard to the outcome of the TRH test. The majority of the cases with negative TRH tests, however, had serum T3 and T4 values within normal range. In almost all patients with a negative TRH test a negative T3 suppression of 131I uptake in the thyroid gland was found while a positive TRH test was not correlated with suppressibility of 131I uptake. PMID- 47217 TI - Growth-promoting alpha-globulin and ageing. PMID- 47218 TI - Hypervariable regions, idiotypy, and the antibody-combining site. PMID- 47219 TI - The H-2 major histocompatibility complex and the I immune response region: genetic variation, function, and organization. PMID- 47220 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity in the mouse. PMID- 47221 TI - Amino acid substitution and the antigenicity of globular proteins. PMID- 47222 TI - Concealed his bundle extrasystoles in congenital heart disease. AB - His bundle electrograms were recorded in two children with cardiac conduction disturbances. In the surface electrocardiograms of one patient His bundle extrasystoles mimicked atrial nonconducted bigeminal rhythms; in the other, they simulated second degree atrioventricular (A-V) block and conducted junctional extrasystoles. In both instances the conduction disturbance was a result of concealed conduction of the His bundle extrasystole into the A-V junction. We conclude that the surface electrocardiogram is suggestive but not definitive in diagnosing His bundle extrasystoles and that His bundle recordings are indispensable for correct diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 47223 TI - Localization of growth hormone-release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin) in the rat brain. AB - Utilizing an immunoperoxidase technique at the light microscope level, growth hormone-release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin) was localized in the external zone of the median eminence, the subcommissural organ, the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and the pineal gland. No positive reaction was detected in any other brain area. PMID- 47224 TI - The history and sociology of the scientific study of acupuncture. AB - Although known to the medical community in some form since the 19th century, acupuncture is only recently receiving concerted research attention from the conventional medical and scientific community. The overall amount of scientific acupuncture research has doubled since the mid 1960's. Employing the approaches of the science, history, sociology and social relations of science, this article explores factors which explain why the present time is conducive to acupuncture research by the scientific and medical community. Perhaps this study of scientific acupuncture research will provide the basis for a later theory of scientific development. PMID- 47225 TI - Soil ameba infection. Specific indirect immunoenzymatic (peroxidase) staining of formalin-fixed paraffin sections. AB - This report describes the use of the immunoenzymatic (peroxidase) method to identify the species and to stain distinctively the amebas in formalin-fixed paraffin-mounted sections. This permits the use of hematoxylin and eosin counterstaining. The method, now well developed by others for many purposes, is an alternative to immunofluorescence and seems to offer a number of advantages and a lesser number of disadvantages. PMID- 47226 TI - Letter: Membrane hematoxylinophilia in retinoblastomas. PMID- 47227 TI - Functional endoscopy in the duodenum. PMID- 47229 TI - Sensory integrative function in a child guidance clinic population. AB - Recent researchers in the area of mental health have recognized the influence of biological defects on psychosocial development and on the child's ability to acquire social and academic skills. This study was designed to determine whether or not senxory integrative disorders occurred in a child guidance population, to explore the nature of sensory integrative disorders found in such a group, and to ascertain any relationships between certain types of sensory integrative disorders and specific behavioral traits. The subjects were 87 children between 5 and 9 years of age, the total number referred to a child guidance clinic in southern California because of problems in behavior. All subjects (Ss) were administered the Southern California Sensory Integration Tests and were observed for neuromuscular deviations. The date were subjected to factor analyses. Results showed a high incidence of sensory integrative dysfunction in this population. There was considerable evidence of a syndrome known as postural and bilateral integration dysfunction as well as a strong tendency in this group to show various kinds of behavior problems. PMID- 47228 TI - Histochemical localization of intraocular copper foreign bodies. AB - Alizarin blue, rhodanine, and rubeanic acid stains cytochemically localized copper in rabbit eyes harboring intravitreal copper foreign bodies of varying copper composition. Local deposition presented in small amounts in areas adjacent to the foreign body (fibrous capsule, adjacent retina, and surrounding macrophages). The localized pattern was more frequent with the 60% copper alloy, when the foreign body was encapsulated or shiny, and when the aqueous copper concentration was normal. The generalized pattern of copper deposition revealed moderate to marked amounts of copper within the following multiple intraocular structures: (1) the posterior cortex of the lens, (2) the vitreous cavity, either in free-floating macrophages or in macrophages on the surface of the retina, (3) the retina, either within monocytic macrophages, Muller cells, or extracellularly in granular clumps, and (4) the fibrous capsule around the foreign body. Copper in several eyes was observed within macrophages that were clustered around the central retinal vessels within the optic nerve. The generalized pattern was frequent with the pure copper foreign body, when the copper foreign body was tarnished, and when copper concentration of the aqueous humor was elevated. There was a direct toxic effect of copper on the lens in the form of local opacification in the posterior cortex but no clinical or histochemical evidence of a Kayser-Fleisher ring or a sunflower cataract. PMID- 47230 TI - A comparative study of predictive criteria in the predisposition of homicidal adolescents. AB - The authors evaluated the criteria that are cited in the literature as predictive of homicidal predisposition. They applied three categories of criteria--clinical, developmental, and environmental factors--to a study group of 10 adolescents who had committed homicide, 10 who had threatened or attempted homicide, and 10 hospitalized controls. Their findings did not support the presence of a well crystallized predisposition for homicidal behavior in this population, but they did show that the adolescents who committed homicide were psychotic-regressive and those who threatened or attempted homicide were organic-impulsive. The study strongly suggests the importance of environmental factors in reinforcing homicidal behavior. PMID- 47231 TI - Primary immunodeficiency diseases and malignancy. AB - The incidence of malignant tumors in the primary immunodeficiency diseases is dramatically increased. Four patients with primary immunodeficiencies who developed fatal malignancies are reported. Lymphoreticular tumors and leukemia predominate in most conditions, but epithelial neoplasms are the most common tumors in selective Iga deficiency, and they comprise over one-fourth of malignancies in common variable immunodeficiency. With the exception of common variable immunodeficiency and the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue usually does not occur. Lymph node enlargement in any of the other immunodeficiencies is therefore most likely secondary to malignancy. Benign gastrointestinal nodular lymphoid hyperplasia occurs frequently in common variable immunodeficiency and in some instances may be impossible to differentiate roentgenologically from lymphoma. PMID- 47232 TI - Proliferation of non-neuronal cells in spinal cords of irradiated, immature rats following transection of the sciatic nerve. AB - Transection of a peripheral nerve not only elicits changes in the injured neurons but also results in an increase in non-neuronal cells, considered by most workers to be neuroglia, in the region of these neurons. Since studies in this laboratory have shown that the neuroglial population of spinal cords of immature rats can be reduced markedly by ionizing radiation, the present investigation was undertaken to determine if this reaction would occur in the irradiated spinal cord following transection of the sciatic nerve. In order to answer this question the sciatic nerve was sectioned unilaterally at 17 days of age (14 days post-irradiation). Sham-irradiated littermates served as controls. Light microscopic examination showed an increase in non-neuronal cells throughout the gray matter on the side of axotomy in spite of a decreased neuroglial population in the 2,000 R and 3,000 R groups. These cells were scattered in the neuropil or were adjacent to injured neuronal perikarya in the anterior horn. Qualitatively similar reactions occurred in the 500 R and 1,000 R groups and in shamirradiated controls. Whether the magnitude of response is the same in all groups is currently under investigation, as are questions dealing with the origins of the reactive cells. PMID- 47233 TI - Short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 47234 TI - Neuromuscular disease in secondary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Neuromuscular function was evaluated in six patients with osteomalacia or secondary hyperparathyroidism, or both, as demonstrated by bone biopsy showing osteomalacia or increased immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, or both. Each patient had weakness, atrophy, and fatigability of proximal muscles, especially of the lower extremities. Most also showed involuntary fine movements of the tongue, hyperactive tendon reflexes with abnormal spread, and decreased vibration sensation, abnormalities similar to those observed in primary hyperparathyroidism. Every patient studies had evidence of neuropathic muscle disease, either on electromyography or muscle biopsy studies histochemically or both. Muscle biopsies showed no definite myopathic features. Treatment of the osteomalacia improved muscle strength. Patients with osteomalacia therefore have a treatable neuromuscular disease that is neuropathic in nature and resembles closely that found in primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 47236 TI - Respiratory care in local anesthesia. PMID- 47235 TI - Axonal transport and turnovers of neurohhypophyseal proteins in the rat. PMID- 47237 TI - Letter: Contact dermatitis due to perfume in Mycolog cream. PMID- 47238 TI - Giant keratoacanthoma of the nose. AB - In a case of giant keratoacanthoma of the nose, the lesion was extremely invasive, destroying the entire nose. Electrosurgical removal of the grossly abnormal tissue was followed by rapid recurrence on two occasions. Radiation therapy was not effective. The lesion healed after the use of bleomycin sulfate. PMID- 47239 TI - Ultrastructural demonstration of cystine in guinea pig back stratum corneum. AB - A method for the ultrastructural demonstration of cystine in keratinized epidermal cells of guinea pig back hairy skin is described. This involves selective oxidation by peracetic acid and formation of an electron dense reaction product with uranyl acetate. Unkeratinized cells were unstained except for nuclei and keratohyalin. The thickened plasma membranes of transitional and keratinized cells were darkly stained. In transitional keratinized cells darkly stained membranes occurred initially in relation to desmosomes and then spread to intervening membrane areas. Dense material, probably matrix keratin containing cystine was found in the interiors of basal horny cells but not in the intermediate or superificial cells of the stratum corneum. It is suggested that the unstable matrix keratin is probably broken down by enzymatic hydrolysis above the basal zone of the stratum corneum. PMID- 47240 TI - Congenital insensitivity to noxious stimuli. AB - Cerebral-evoked potentials were used to study a 25-year-old man, the older of two siblings with congenital insensitivity to all noxious stimuli, gross impairment of temperature perception, and anhidrosis. Electrical stimulation of tooth pulp consistently eliciting pain and cerebral responses in normal subjects evoked neither cerebral potentials nor painful or other sensations in our patient. However, ordinarily painful electric shocks to the skin of his face evoked cerebral responses as well as sensations lacking disagreeable qualities. Those cerebral potentials elicited by electrical stimulation of the median nerve, clicks, and light flashes were within normal limits. These findings strongly suggest that a defect in transmission of noxious impulses presumably involving first order sensory neurons exists in our patient. PMID- 47241 TI - Formation of supporting bone in association with periodontal ligament organization in the mouse. PMID- 47242 TI - Basic fuchsin picric acid method to detect acute myocardial ischemia. An experimental study in swine. AB - Application of the hematoxylin basic fuchsin-picric acid method to human postmortem myocardium specimens failed to show reproducible results. Therefore, controlled animal studies utilizing the method were undertaken. Myocardial ischemia was induced in swine by ligation of the anterior descending coronary artery for periods of 30 minutes to six hours. Electron microscopy was used to monitor normal and ischemic myocardium. Reproducible results were not obtained by staining successive slides of the same block at the same time or at different times, whether stained in the same reagent bath or after changing the reagent solutions. Fresh, frozen, unfixed material also yielded nonreproducible results. The method in its present form is unreliable for routine use in the diagnosis of early myocardial ischemia. PMID- 47243 TI - Effects of 5-azacytidine on nucleolar RNA and the preribosomal particles in Novikoff hepatoma cells. AB - Examination of nucleolar RNA from cultured Novikoff hepatoma cells treated for 3 hr with 5 x 10-4 M 5-azacytidine shows that significant amounts of analog substituted 45S RNA are processed to the 32S RNA species, but 28S RNA formation is completely inhibited. Under these conditions of analog treatment 37% of the cytidine residues in the 45S RNA is replaced by 5-azacytidine. During coelectrophoresis of nucleolar RNA from 5-azacytidine-treated and control cells, the analog-substituted 45S RNA and 32S RNA display reduced mobilities compared to the control 45S RNA and 32S RNA. Coelectrophoresis of analog-substituted and control RNA after formaldehyde denaturation shows no differences in electrophoretic mobility between the two RNA samples, suggesting that 5 azacytidine incorporation may alter the secondary structure of the 45S RNA and the 32S RNA. 5-Azacytidine at 5 x 10-4 M severely inhibits protein synthesis in Novikoff cells by 3 hr. After this length of treatment, however, CsCl buoyant density analysis reveals no difference in density of either the 80S or 55S preribosomal ribonucleoprotein particles when compared to normal particles. Also 5-azacytidine treatment does not appear to cause major changes in the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of the proteins in the 80S and 55S preribosomal particles. These results together with previous findings suggest that 5-azacytidine's inhibition of rRNA processing is possibly related to its alteration of the structure of the ribosomal precursor RNAs and is not a consequence of a general inhibition of ribosomal protein formation. PMID- 47244 TI - The isolation and characterisation of a platelet-specific beta-globulin (beta thromboglobulin) and the detection of antiurokinase and antiplasmin released from thrombin-aggregated washed human platelets. AB - A protein fraction was isolated from the supernatant of thrombin-aggregated washed human platelets and was shown, by immunodiffusion techniques, to contain a platelet-specific beta-globulin (beta-thromboglobulin) as the major component. A molecular weight of 35 800 was determined for beta-thromboglobin from the measured sedimentation coefficient of3.0 S and Stokes radius of 2.85 nm. Beta Thromboglobin was detected in the serum from whole blood and the supernatant of 48-h-old platelet-rich plasma and 28-day-old citrated whole blood, but not in platelet-poor plasma. The fraction containing beta-thromboglobulin was shown to possess an antiurokinase activity but was devoid of antiplasmin activity. A further fraction of approximate molecular weight 70 000 was also isolated which contained an antiplasmin but was devoid of antiurokinase activity. PMID- 47245 TI - On basic proteins in bovine peripheral nerve myelin. AB - 1. Myeline proteins in bovine peripheral nerve migrated as two main band-(BF and BR protein) and one faint middle band (BM protein) on sodium dodecyls sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The relative mobility of these two main bands differed from those of myelin proteins in the central nervous system. 2. The acid extract of the myelin fraction from bovine peripheral nerve was separated into one main peak and two minor peaks on a Sephadex G-75 column. The major component of the second minor peak was the BM protein; the major component of the main peak was the BF protein. The BR protein was not extractable by acid solution. 3. Molecular weights of the BF, the BM and the BR protein were determined as around 13 000, 20 000 and 28 000, respectively, by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 4. The amino acid composition of the BF protein was quite different from the encephalitogenic protein and the Folch-Lees type proteolipid protein in the central nervous system. However the BM protein showed similar amino acid composition to the encephalitogenic protein. 5. The tryptic peptide maps of the BF protein and of the encephalitogenic protein were quite different. The results suggested that the amino acid sequences of these two proteins are different and that they contain no common tryptophan-containing peptide. PMID- 47246 TI - Structural studies of the associations between biological membrane components. PMID- 47247 TI - [Nerve tissue of fishes under in vitro cultivation]. PMID- 47248 TI - Acute leukemia with Burkitt's tumor cells: A study of six cases with special reference to lymphocyte surface markers. AB - In six patients with acute leukemia (about 2% of the patients referred for acute lymphoblastic leukemia) the blast cells invading bone marrow and blood showed all the cytologic, cytochemical, and electron microscopy features of Burkitt's tumor cells. The presence of monoclonal surface immunoglobulins (their synthesis being proved by in vitro culture experiments), the binding of IgG aggregates, and the absence of rosette formation with sheep red cells documented the monoclonal B cell origin of these blast cells which is in sharp contrast to the findings in common acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The course of the disease was usually rapidly fatal without chemotherapy-induced remission. PMID- 47249 TI - Canine cyclic neutropenia: Erythropoietin and platelet cycles after bone marrow transplantation. AB - The marrow of a dog affected with cyclic neutropenia (CN) was transplanted into an unaffected supralethally irradiated litermate. Prompt engraftment occurred, and cyclic rises and falls in numbers of platelets, reticulocytes, and granulocytes were noted in the recipient soon after engraftment. Prior to transplantation and under hypoxic conditions, the donor had serum erythropoietin (ESF) peak levels at 11-12-day intervals. Following transplatation and under hypoxic conditions, cyclic peaks of ESF occurred in the transplanted dog. PMID- 47250 TI - Effects of erythropoietin on erythroid colony formation in uremic rabbit bone marrow cultures. AB - Erythropoietin-responsive stem cell (ERC) kinetics in anephric uremic rabbits were studied in vitro using the growth of erythroid colonies in a methyl cellulose system in cultures with and without the addition of erythropoietin (ESF). Approximately 68 hr after bilateral nephrectomy, an increase in BUN and decreases in hematocrit and marrow erythroid cellularity were seen. However, the numbers of erythroid colonies formed in response to ESF on plates inoculated with 2 times 10-5 cells were greater in anephric rabbit marrows than in normal controls. In addition, the numbers of erythroid colonies produced by the uremic and normal marrows in the presence of ESF were increased in proportion to the number of precursors plated. These findings suggest that, in uremia, the concentration of ERC is increased and that the ERC are capable of responding normally to ESF. The increase in the number of erythroid colonies of uremia may be due to the undisturbed flow of uncommitted hematopoietic stem cells into the ERC compartment in the presence of a delay of differentiation of ERC into heme synthesizing nucleated erythroid cells due to a lack of ESF. PMID- 47251 TI - Effects of testosterone and erythropoietin on erythroid colony formation in human bone marrow cultures. AB - The effects of testosterone and erythropoietin (ESF) on erythroid colony formation in normal human bone marrow cultures were studied in vitro using a methyl cellulose gel system. Testosterone was found to produce a significant increase in erythroid colony formation at concentrations of 10-4-10-4M in vitro. In this system, the numbers of erythroid colonies formed per plate increased in direct proportion to the increase in the number of erythroid precursors inoculated as well as to the increase in the dose of ESF in vitro. In addition, a synergistic effect of a combination of testosterone and ESF on erythroid colony formation was seen when ESF was present at high concentrations. These data suggest that a greater number of erythropoietin-responsive cells are available for ESF to differentiate into the nucleated erythroid cell line in the presence of testosterone, indicating that the effect of a combination of testosterone and ESF is greater in enhancing erythropoiesis than the additive effects of either agent alone. PMID- 47253 TI - Is 'second look surgery' justified in suspected recurrences of cancer of the stomach? AB - A series of 23 patients with suspected recurrent disease following 'curative' resection for gastric carcinoma was submitted to further laparotomy (24 operations). Three patients were found to have hopeless dissemination, 10 had palliative procedures performed which relieved their dysphagia, vomiting and jaundice, 4 had recurrences resected and 1 had a second primary of the gastric stump excised. No less than 6 were found to have benign lesions. Although the reward as far as prolonged survival is small, we believe that the relief of symptoms and the occasional long term excellent result justifies judicious use of a 'second look' laparotomy for suspected recurrent disease. PMID- 47252 TI - The immunologic basis of liver disease. PMID- 47254 TI - Editorial: Benign hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate. PMID- 47255 TI - Characteristic gamma globulin subfractions of native CSF in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 47256 TI - Histological evidence for direct connections between the optic lobes of the cockroach Leucophaea maderae. AB - Heretofore, descriptions of direct interconnections between insect optic lobes have been based on histological examinations of normal brains or on inference from electrophysiological or behavioral data. We present here what we believe to be the first demonstration of such monosynaptic connections by techniques of experimental neuroanatomy. Twenty-four to 39 h after extirpation of the left optic lobe, degenerating axons and axon terminals, as silvered by a modified Nauta technique, were abundant in the central portion of the medulla of the right optic lobe. The periphery of the medulla was free of argyrophilic debris as were the lobula and lamina. The distribution of neuronal somata with processes terminating in the the left optic lobe was established by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase injected into the left lobe and by the development of distinctive perinuclear rings of RNA (a 'chromatolytic' reaction) by some cells within 1-2 weeks following amputation of the left lobe. Both techniques revealed distinct clusters of cells in the anteroventral and posterior regions of the right optic lobe, and in the medial portion of the right protocerebrum. The cells which interconnect the two optic lobes may be involved not only in the bilateral representation of visual information, but also in the coordination of optic lobe pacemakers which control a circadian rhythm of locomotory activity. PMID- 47257 TI - Autoradiographic studies of the retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor in mouse sympathetic neurones. PMID- 47258 TI - [Practical use of the television camera--an up-to-date method in pathology classes (author's transl)]. PMID- 47259 TI - Tissue specificity of nuclear acidic proteins isolated from bovine brain and adrenal medulla. AB - Nuclear acidic proteins from bovine brain and adrenal medulla demonstrated dissimilar electophoretic and chemical profiles. The amino acid analysis of the acidic nuclear protein fraction isolated from these tissues revealed some variation in the ratio of acidic to basic amino acids. The estimation of free carboxylic acid groups confirmed the more acidic nature of the brain proteins. In comparing the acrylamide gels either visually or optically, several electrophoretically specific bands were apparent. Although the total number of protein bands from each tissue was approximately the same, the adrenal medulla contained a larger proportion of the more positively charged proteins. These observations are interpreted to indicate that the nuclear acidic protein from brain and adrenal medulla may show functional variation. PMID- 47260 TI - Fungal fimbriae. I. Structure, origin, and synthesis. AB - Fine hair-like appendages on the cell walls of the another smut Ustilago violacea are described. These hairs are termed fimbriae because of their close similarity to the fimbriae (pili) found on certain Gram-negative bacteria. Cells of U. violacea may carry more than 200 fimbriae varying in length from about 0.5 mum to over 10 mum, and having a diameter of about 60-70 A. Some fimbriae produce knobs similar to those found on bacterial sex fimbriae. Log-phase cells are the most densely fimbriated, while stationary phase cells are devoid of fimbriae. The cells can be defimbriated by sonication, high-speed agitation, or centrifugation through a 40% sucrose solution. The fimbriae can regenerate in these defimbriated cells in about 1 h. This regeneration is inhibited by both cycloheximide and rifampin, but not by chloramphenicol and therefore appears to depend on de novo protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes. Similar long fimbriae are found on U. maydis and Leucosporidium (Candida) scottii. Short fimbriae, about 0.5 mum long, were found on all the other species of yeast-like fungi examined (Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Hansenula, Lipomyces, Nadsonia, and Torulopsis spp.). PMID- 47261 TI - A staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma: prognostic factors in Ugandan patients. AB - A staging scheme for hepatocellular carcinoma was presented at an International Symposium on Liver Cancer in Kampala, Uganda in 1971. Historical, clinical, and laboratory aspects of that staging scheme were examined for prognostic significance in 72 untreated patients with this disease studied at the Uganda Cancer Institute. The median survival for the entire group was 1 month. The presence of a serum bilirubin concentration of greater than 2 mg/100 ml or weight loss greater than 25 percent of body weight were the poorest prognostic features. Other factors with prognostic significance were visible abdominal collateral circulation, ascites, tumor differentiation, and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, alpha fetoprotein, and proline hydroxylase. A modified staging scheme is presented which defines three prognostically different groups of Ugandan patients. It is hoped this staging scheme will serve as a stimulus for analysis of similar prognostic features in other populations of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID- 47262 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha fetoprotein in malignant tumors of the female genital tract. AB - Circulating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 53 patients with carcinoma of the ovary, 16 patients with other malignant genital tumors, and 31 women with nonmalignant diseases of the genital tract. The serum CEA concentration was elevated (greater than 5 ng/ml) in 11 patients with ovarian cancer, 2 patients with endometrial cancer, 1 patient with carcinoma of the cervix, and 1 patient with a benign embryonal cystic teratoma. Elevated CEA levels were found only in patients with advanced malignant disease, while early stages were associated with normal CEA concentrations. AFP levels were normal in all but 1 patient. Both CEA and AFP levels were markedly raised in a case of advanced genital carcinoma arising probably from the ovary. Ascitic fluid of another patient with ovarian cancer contained a high concentration of CEA, giving an identical reaction in immunodiffusion with CEA from colon cancer. The present results indicate that while the increased expression of carcinofetal components takes place in some malignant tumors of the female genital tract, it is usually a late phenomenon. PMID- 47263 TI - Coagulative and fibrinolytic properties of ascitic fluid associated with ovarian tumors. AB - Ascitic fluid samples from 19 patients with ovarian carcinoma, 3 with a benign ovarian tumor, and 5 with cirrhosis of the liver were examined for their content of coagulation factors and components of the fibrinolytic system. The concentration of trypsin inhibitors in the ascitic fluid was significantly higher in the presence of carcinoma. Large amounts of FDP were found in the ascitic fluid in all patients with malignant tumors, but not in the other two groups. Determination of FDP may therefore make it possible to differentiate between malignant and nonmalignant ascitic fluid. PMID- 47264 TI - Primary endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor of the liver. First reported case. AB - A primary endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor of the liver occurring in an 18-month old boy is described. Although several examples of extragonadal endodermal sinus tumors have occurred in other sites, this is believed to be the first reported instance of origin in the liver. An additional important feature was the detection of alpha-fetoprotein in a preoperative serum sample. Although no metastases were identified at the time of celiotomy, widespread metastases developed, and he died 6 1/2 months after an extended right hepatectomy was performed. Neither triple chemotherapy nor radiation therapy appeared to deter progressive spread of the neoplasm, although the metastases exhibited some radiosensitivity. PMID- 47265 TI - Studies on recovery from chemically induced damage in mammalian cells. AB - The survival of plateau-phase or nondividing Chinese hamster ovary cells (in vitro) is reduced to a greater extent by treatments with nitrosourea compounds than are cells treated in the exponential phase of growth. The greatest decrease in the survival fraction occurred following treatments with 1-trans-(2 chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea where approximately 128 times more cells were killed in plateau phase than in the dividing state (at the 10 mug/ml-for-1-hr dose). Only 5 times more cells were killed in plateau phase than in exponential growth when cells were treated with 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl 1-nitrosourea. Cells treated with either nitrosourea compound failed to recover from potentially lethal damage and sublethal damage. The breakdown products of the nitrosourea compounds are known to inhibit DNA repair and may explain the failure of mammalian cells to recover from sublethal damage and potentially lethal damage induced by these chemicals. Both dividing and nondividing cells were able to recover from bleomycin-induced potentially lethal damage but not from sublethal damage. The recovery from bleomycin-induced potentially lethal damage by nondividing cells was twice as great as that exhibited by dividing cells; however, potentially lethal damage recovery was suffieiently high for cells in both growth states to conceal the true response to sublethal damage. PMID- 47266 TI - Elevated concentrations of serum alpha-fetoprotein in rats with chemically induced liver tumors. AB - The study was undertaken to determine whether aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced liver tumors in rats produced alpha1-fetoprotein (AFP) and whether the age of the animals would influence such as appearance, a finding suggested by data seen in man. Other liver carcinogens (N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide, N-2 fluorenylacetamide, and diethylnitrosamine) were tested for their ability to induce liver tumors producing AFP. The presence of AFP. The presence of AFP in the serum was determined by double diffusion in agarose and by comparison also by quantitative radioimmunoassay. Using double diffusion, AFP was detected in the majority of tumor-bearing rats that had received either N-2-fluorenylacetamide or N-hydroxy-N-2-fluorenylacetamide. Sera of diethylinitrosamine-treated rats with liver tumors were all positive, whereas sera of rats bearing AFB1-induced tumors were positive in only a few cases. However, all sera of tumor-bearing rats examined had elevated AFP levels by radioimmunoassay. Nonetheless, the average level of AFP in the sera of rats bearing AFB1-induced tumors was considerably lower, compared to the sera of rats with tumors caused by diethylnitrosamine, N-2 fluorenylacetamide, or N-hydroxy-N2-fluorenylacetamide. Rats started on AFB1 when 6 weeks old had more mixed liver tumors with neoplastic hepatocytes and bile ducts and higher AFP levels than did rats started at 26 weeks of age. However, the histological grade of differentiation of inducted tumors did not seem to influence the AFP level. PMID- 47267 TI - Immunofluorescent study on alpha-fetoprotein-producing cells in the early stage of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene carcinogenesis. AB - The study was carried out to identify alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing cells in the hepatic tissue by immunofluorescent antibody techniques during the early stage of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene ingestion. After 1 to 3 weeks, cells fluorescent to AFP were undetectable in cholangiolar cells ("oval cells") and also in degenerated megalocytic hepatocytes. After 4 to 7 weeks AFP appeared in rat sera, and "transitional cells" and small hepatocytes proliferated markedly in the periportal areas of hepatic lobules. AFP was exclusively detected in the majority of the transitional cells and a small portion of the small hepatocytes. Some fluorescent cells appeared in small groups, and others were randomly distributed in the periportal areas. The typical oval cells and the megalocytic hepatocytes were not fluorescent. When AFP in sera became undetectable, the regenerated hepatocytes matured considerably and were not brightly fluorescent. In the hepatic tissue, where AFP-producing cells were observed by fluorescent antibody technique, hematopoietic cells were frequently observed but they were not fluorescent. PMID- 47268 TI - [Monoclonal gammapathy in the clinical diagnosis of internal diseases]. PMID- 47269 TI - Ultrastructural characterization by ruthenium red of the surface of the fat globule membrane of human and rat milk with data on carbohydrates of fractions of rat milk. AB - The fat globules of the cream fractions of human and rat milk were stained with ruthenium red. Under the electron microscope, discrete granules and an amorphous coat of lesser density are seen at the surface of the milk fat globules. Since ruthenium red binds anionic groups selectively, it is probable that the granules contain the greatest concentration of these groups. The cream fraction of rat milk contains hexoses, hexosamines, methylpentoses and sialic acid. Methylpentoses and hexosamines are significantly enriched in the cream fraction. It is concluded that the finding of a surface coat in milk fat globules is in keeping with the Bargmann-Knoop model and suggests a distinct mechanism for carrying certain complex carbohydrates in milk. The role of the negative charges at the outer surface of the membrane coat is maintaining fat globules in suspension and in binding certain cations such as calcium is suggested. PMID- 47270 TI - The adenohypophysis of the flounder, Pleuronectes flesus, and the minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus. AB - The pituitary gland of the flounder, Pleuronectes flesus, showed several unusual cytological features. Between the RPD and the PPD was a zone of cells that stained purple with Alcian blue--PAS--orange G. Many of these cells were apparently degenerating. In the PPD the strands and coils of presumptive STH cells showed a tremendous variation in both size and staining properties. In the PI there were two cell types, the PAS-positive one bordering the neurohypophysis. Around the periphery of the PI was a zone of chromophobic cells, and throughout the PI were numerous intracellular and extracellular acidophil spheres. No well defined ACTH cells were found in the RPD of the minnow (Phoxinus phoxinus). The Alcian blue--PAS--orange G technique distinguishes between blue TSH cells and purple GTH cells in the RPD and PPD. GTH cells from animals collected in the winter were vacuolated. The PI contained two cell types whose staining reactions and ultrastructure were extremely variable. Intra- and extra-cellular acidophil spheres were present. PMID- 47271 TI - The length of the fibroin gene in the Bombyx mori genome. AB - Radioactive anti-messenger DNA (3H-cDNA) complementary to silk fibroin mRNA has been synthesized using reverse transcriptase. This 3H-cDNA has been found to be a specific and sensitive probe for the detection of fibroin genes in the genome of Brombyx mori. Actinomycin-CsCl gradients give a large separation of the high GC fibroin genes from the bulk DNA. This density shift of fibroin genes has been measured as a function of DNA molecular weight. The data support a model in which a single high GC fibroin gene of 11.6 times 10-6 daltons is surrounded by at least 6 times 10-7 daltons of low GC DNA (30-39 percent). This finding, along with saturation hybridization studies (Suzuki, Gage, and Brown, 1972), demonstrate that the fibroin gene is present in a single copy per haploid genome. PMID- 47272 TI - Full length and discrete partial reverse transcripts of globin and chorion mRNAs. AB - Rabbit globin mRNA was copied by AMV reverse transcriptase in the presence of various concentrations of deoxyribonucleotides (dNTPs). The cDNAs were analyzed by electrophoresis under denaturing conditions in formamide-polyacrylamide gels. Discrete size products were detected, ranging from 65 to 650 nucleotides-that is, up to the full length of the mRNA template. Increasing the concentrations of all four dNTPs stimulated formation of full-length transcripts and made the incomplete copies less abundant. Hybridization and nuclease digestion experiments indicated that the full-size product is indeed a complete transcript of globin mRNA. Similar results were obtained with chorion mRNAs. The possible usefulness of the discrete partial transcripts is discussed. PMID- 47273 TI - Lack of sensing by demand pacemakers due to intraventricular conduction defects. AB - A previously unrecognized form of failure of normally functioning noncompetitive R-inhibited or R-triggered pacemakers to sense is described in 30 patients. The failure was produced by the delayed arrival of ventricular depolarization due to intraventricular conduction disturbances at the site of pacemaker sensing electrodes. These patinets with late activation of the right ventricle exhibited right bundle branch block (RBBB) during conducted sinus beats or had ectopic beats arising from the left ventricle. In both these situations, several late occurring QRS complexes were not sensed by the pacemaker electrodes in the right ventricular apex (RVA) and thereby the R-inhibited pacemaker spike discharged into the initial portion of the QRS complex. Activation of the RVA was delayed up to 65 msec in sinus beats with RBBB and even longer in premature beats arising from the left ventricle. The depolarization front of such beats reached the myocardium around the right ventricular pacemaker electrodes late in the QRS and thereby were not sensed up to 65 msec after the QRS onset as seen on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). It was found in this study that if the inscription of such QRS complexes began up to 65 msec before the next due pacemaker impulse, these complexes were not sensed, allowing discharge of normally functioning R inhibited pacemakers within the QRS which mimicked pacemaker malfunction. Failure to sense due to this phenomenon was observed in patients with noncompetitive pacemakers, both R-inhibited and R-triggered; temporary and permanent; with unipolar as well as bipolar electrodes. Similarly, patients with left ventricular epicardial electrodes and left bundle branch block in sinus beats also exhibited this phenomenon. Complete evaluation proved that pacemaker function was normal in the entire patient group. Recognition that failure to sense was the result of intraventricular conduction disorder prevented the untimely replacement of the pulse generator. This phenomenon of nonsensing by noncompetitive pacemakers should be considered in the presence of wide QRS complexes before the pacemaker is concluded to be malfunctioning. PMID- 47274 TI - Significance of enzyme induction to clinical anesthesia. PMID- 47275 TI - Observations on the staining of ceruloplasmin following disc-electrophoresis utilizing polyacrylamide gels. AB - In our hands the dianisidine technique for the staining of ceruloplasmin in polyacrylamide gels following disc electrophoresis has proven unsatisfactory for three reasons. First, staining of ceruloplasmin could not be achieved with physiological amounts of the glycoglobulin present in serum. Second, even when relatively massive quantities of pure ceruloplasmin permitted effective staining there was loss of stain intensity with increasing electrophoresis time. Third, the necessity of utilizing dianisidine in alcoholic solution produces undesirable shrinkage and distortion of the gels. However, a modification of the p phenylenediamine technique for the staining of ceruloplasmin in agar gels has been found to stain ceruloplasmin very effectively in polyacrylamide gels following disc electrophoresis. PMID- 47276 TI - [Use of Cellogel R.S. wedge strips to study the cerebrospinal fluid proteins in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: results and perspectives (author's transl)]. PMID- 47277 TI - Low molecular weight proteinuria in association with paroxysmal myoglobinuria. AB - A patient with paroxysmal myoglobinuria presented with low molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria in association with an episode of exertional myoglobinuria. Since no signs of acute renal failure were present, the cause was probably competition between myoglobin and other LMW proteins for proximal tubular reabsorption. Agarose gel electrophoresis was found to be an excellent method for the investigation of myoglobinuria since this technique not only allowed the separation of myoglobin from hemoglobin but also myoglobin from metmyoglobin. PMID- 47278 TI - New developments in the laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhea. AB - Various laboratory technologies have been developed to aid in diagnosing gonorrhea. Transport of viable specimens to the laboratory and the cultivation of N. gonorrhoeae on selective media are among the most effective diagnostic procedures in clinical microbiology. Several sensitive serologic procedures have been developed for detecting antibodies to N. gonorrhoeae. PMID- 47279 TI - Morphine binding to human plasma proteins. AB - The interaction of (N-methyl-14C) morphine with purified human albumin and gamma globulin and with human plasma was studied by equilibrium dialysis. Morphine binds to albumin and, to a lesser extent, to gamma globulin, but probably does not bind to plasma lipoproteins. The per cent of drug bound to protein was dependent on protein concentration but independent of drug concentration in the therapeutic range of plasma morphine concentration. In this range, 34.0% to 37.5% of the drug is bound to human plasma, largely to the albumin fraction. This study is compared to an earlier one on the interaction of methadone with plasma proteins. It is likely that the lower lipid solubility of morphine compared to methadone is related to its decreased affinity for plasma proteins. PMID- 47280 TI - Double-blind study of the analgesic effect of indoprofen (K 4277). AB - In a double-blind study, indoprofen was superior to placebo in decreasing pain in patients with primary and metastatic cancer and with neuralgia. A single oral dose of 200 mg was more active than a 100-mg dose. The preferences of patients proved to be a more sensitive parameter in this study than scores of pain intensity, pain relief, and other related measurements (SPID, TOTPAR, and Peak PID). PMID- 47281 TI - Indoprofen, a new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug in cancer pain. AB - Evaluation of the analgesic activity of indoprofen was carried out in patients with cancer pain under double-blind conditions and compared with aspirin and placebo. A randomized experimental design was followed. Single oral doses were given of the test drug (100 and 200 mg), aspirin (600 and 1,000 mg), and placebo. For measuring analgesia, 5-point pain intensity and pain relief semiquantitative scales were used. Potency ratio between drugs was calculated on SPID (sum of pain intensity differences) and TOTPAR (total pain relief) and resulted in 10.3 by combination of estimates. In a group of only 24 patients, the data supported the following conclusions: indoprofen at 100 and 200 mg single doses is effective in relieving cancer pain; it displays a dose-related analgesic effect comparable to that of aspirin with only one-tenth the dose. PMID- 47282 TI - On-line processing of orthogonal exercise electrocardiograms. PMID- 47283 TI - [Paralytic ileus]. PMID- 47284 TI - Urologic complications after operations for anorectal cancer, with an evaluation of preoperative intravenous pyelography. AB - Urologic complications arose in 23.7 per cent of 569 patients who underwent abdominoperineal or low anterior resection for anorectal cancer. No radomization of the two operations was attempted, low anterior resection being performed whenever resection 5 cm below the tumor was possible. Complications were more frequent after abdominoperineal resection and in men. Preoperative intravenous pyelography was performed in the cases of 541 of the patients, including 60 who underwent palliative colostomy. The pyelograms of 30 per cent of these patients were abnormal. The abnormalities were anatomic variations of the urinary tract in 25 per cent and urologic diseases in 75 per cent. None of the postoperative urologic complications was related to an abnormal preoperative pyelogram. No relation was found between the radicality of abdominoperineal and low anterior resection and the pyelographic signs of tumor involvement. PMID- 47285 TI - Hemangiomatosis of the skin and gastrointestinal tract: report of a case. PMID- 47286 TI - [Preventive diagnostic studies in urology]. PMID- 47287 TI - [Endocrinological principles of conservative therapy for prostatic adenoma]. PMID- 47288 TI - [Value of suppression test as a guide to prognosis of hyper-thyroidism treated with anti-thyroid drugs (author's transl)]. AB - 23 out of 42 suppression tests in 39 hyperthyroid patients were positive. In these patients thyreostatic treatment was stopped. In the follow-up period of 1-4 years hyperthyroidism recurred in 4 cases. Eight patients out of another group of 20 patients in whom antithyroid treatment was stopped after an equally long period without previous suppression testing also had a recurrence of hyperthyroidism. Frequency of relapses after antithyroid treatment can thus be diminished considerably if treatment is stopped only after suppression of the thyroid has been demonstrated. Lack of suppression after 18 to 24 months of thyreostatic therapy is an indication for treatment with radioiodine or surgery. PMID- 47289 TI - [Model experiments on pheasants using 1 insecticide (Lindane), 1 herbicide (Terbutryn) 1 mineral fertilzer (calcium ammonium salpeter) and 1 fungicide (HCB)]. PMID- 47290 TI - The interaction of actinomycin C3 and actinomine with DNA. A small-angle x-ray scattering study. AB - Small-angle X-ray scattering was applied to solutions of calf thymus DNA and calf thymus DNA complexed with various amounts of actinomycin C3 or actinomine in phosphate-saline buffer at pH 6.9 and I equals 0.2. From the measurements of DNA in the absence of dye, two cross-section radii of gyration of R-c equals 0.875 plus or minus 0.015 nm and R-c2 equals 0.81 plus or minus 0.02 nm, and a mass per unit length of M/l equals 1906 plus or minus 43 daltons/nm resulted. The investigation of DNA complexed with dye revealed a decrease of the cross-section radii of gyration as compared to those for the DNA in the absence of dye and a relatively low increase of the mass per unit length on binding of actinomycin and a slight decrease of M/l on binding of actinomine. The latter results are interpreted on the basis of a length increase of the DNA double helix by 0.47 plus or minus 0.03 nm per actinomycin molecule and by 0.355 plus or minus 0.03 nm per actinomine molecule bound. The results for R-c and R-c2 obtained for the various samples of complexed DNA were extrapolated to the limiting binding ratio where each dye molecule is associated with a minimum of six nucleotide pairs. According to this extrapolation, the cross-section radii of gyration of such a complex would amount to (R-c)b equals 0.805 plus or minus 0.015 nm and (R-c2)b equals 0.76 plus or minus 0.015 nm for the complex with actinomycin, and to (R c)b equals 0.77 plus or minus 0.015 nm and (R-c2)b equals 0.75 plus or minus 0.01 nm for the actinomine complex. On the basis of a core and shell model for solvated DNA, these results can be understood as to indicate a decrease of the radial dimensions of both the core and the shell when the dye is bound. The experimental results are compared with theoretical data calculated from the atomic coordinates of the detailed intercalation model for the actinomycin - DNA complex as recently proposed by Sobell and Jain. The model proves to be consistent fairly well with our data on the length increase of the double helix, but it appears to be unable to explain the experimentally observed decrease of R c2 on binding of dye. PMID- 47291 TI - Beta-adrenoceptors invloved in inhibition of histamine release from sensitized guinea-pig lung. PMID- 47293 TI - Extrinsic factors affecting the binding of acridine orange to the DNP complex of cell nuclei in different physiological states. PMID- 47292 TI - Effects of stress and of autonomic blockers on gastric mucosal microcirculation in rats. AB - Changes in gastric mucosal microcirculation in rats were studied by using the method of intra-aortic injection of India ink, followed by microdissection of the mucosa. Acute stress, induced by restraint and exposure to cold for 2 hr, caused marked and significant vasodilatation in the gastric mucosa. This vasodilatation was prevented by pretreatment with atropine or chlorpromazine, but not by alpha- or theta-adrenoceptor blocking agents. Phentolamine caused significant vasoconstriction in the gastric mucosa of non-stressed rats, but when animals were stressed phentolamine induced a greater vasodilatation than was obtained with stress alone. These observations provide added support for the hypothesis that stress induces vagal overactivity, probably of central origin. The resulting strong contractions of the gastric wall, and compression of the intramural vessels, are probably responsible for degeneration of the mucosal cells leading to the formation of stress-induced ulcers in the rat. PMID- 47294 TI - Cytochemical and ultrastructural studies concerning the cell coat glycoproteins in normal and transformed human blood lymphocytes. II. Comparison of lanthanum retaining cell coat components in T and B lymphocytes transformed by various kinds of stimulating agents. PMID- 47295 TI - Chemical and autoradiographic analysis of gamma-aminobutyric acid transport in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum. PMID- 47296 TI - On the similarity between the corticotrophs and pars intermedia cells in a teleost fish (Clarias batrachus). PMID- 47297 TI - Hepatic metabolism of hexachlorobenzene in rats. PMID- 47298 TI - Neuraminidase sensitive antigenic determinants of plasma cell tumor membrane glycoproteins. PMID- 47299 TI - Inhibition of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of oncorna viruses by Carbopol 934. PMID- 47300 TI - Retardation of development including immunogenic expression of histocompatibility antigens in mice--by postnatal administration of antiandrogenic steroid. AB - A specific antiandrogenic steroid cyproterone acetate was administered daily to mice of three different inbred strains starting from the day of birth until the age of 30 days. The total dose per mouse was 17.2 mg. This treatment resulted in developmental retardation which was manifested in a number of ways: at the age of 30 days, the weight of the body was well as spleen, testes and particularly thymus was significantly reduced; histologically, the normal proportion of the red and white pulp in the spleen was changes; spermatogenesis (but not oogenesis) was markedly retarded corresponding to the age of 12-15 days in normal males; also skin displayed a persisting immaturity as reflected by an abundance of mast cells. Minor signs of toxic changes were seen in the liver. Skin grafts from CA pretreated donors had a subnormal immunogenicity; when transplanted across the MSA-barrier, they survived significantly longer than control grafts and about 23% took. Significantly prolonged survival was also observed with H-3 incompatible skin grafts from CA-pretreated donors, particularly from male donors. Across the barrier dicated, but did not reach a level of significance. The present study extends our previous observations concerning the androgen dependence of a normal immunogenic expression of H-antigens. The antiandrogenic effect of CA is comparable to the more complex effect of neonatal orchiectomy in terms of the subnormal immunogeneity of MSA-incompatible skin grafts from 30-day-old males which seems to be arrated at a stage typical for 1-2-day-old normal males. PMID- 47301 TI - Supportive effect of simultaneous immunization to other H-antigens on the female response to male-specific antigen in mice. AB - The response of A-strain females to the male-specific antigen is very weak; both first- and second-set test skin grafts are rejected protractedly and about 50% of the grafts are retained in spite of generally present morphologic signs of cellylar immunity induced by these grafts. When the first-set skin graft involved H-incompatibilities additional to the MSA (such as H-2 only or H-2 plus multiple non-H-2) all the second-set grafts, which were only MSA-incompatible, underwent a markedly accelerated rejection. The possible mechanism of this adjuvant-like effect is discussed. PMID- 47303 TI - Hypotonia in the blind child. PMID- 47302 TI - Effect of antibiotics on the mutagenic activity induced by chemicals. I. Chromosome aberrations during spermatogenesis in mice. AB - Effect of antibiotics (rifampicin-RIF, puromycin-PU, chloramphenicol-CHF and cycloheximide-CYC) on the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities induced by TEPA [tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide] was studied by the cytogenetic analysis in mice during spermatogenesis. Males were given intraperitoneally a single dose of one of the following agents: TEPA 1 mg./kg. b.w., RIF 150 mg./kg. b.w., PU 100 mg./kg. b.w., CHF 500 mg./kg. b.w. and CYC 100 mg./kg. b.w., or a simultaneously administered TEPA and an antibiotic. Spermatocytes in the diakinesis/first metaphase stage and in spermatogonia. However, statistically insignificantly increased translocations in the group TEPA-CHF, univalents of X and Y chromosomes in TEPA-CHF, CYC and TEPA-CYC, and the increased frequency of metaphases with 19II + U and 20II + f were induced in the preleptotene stage. The decreased frequency of X and Y univalents in TEPA-RIF and TEPA-CHF was induced in spermatogonia. Results revealed a possible selective pressure against the cells carrying some abnormalities. PMID- 47304 TI - Infantile autism. I: A prospective study of the diagnosis. AB - A prospective study was made of 200 consecutive children to evaluate the usefulness in the diagnosis of infantile autism of the behavioral scale reported by Clancy and coworkers in 1969. On this scale seven or more of 14 behavioral manifestations must be present before a diagnosis of autism can be made. Using this scale alone, 48 of the 200 children studied were "scale positive", i.e. could be considered autistic. However, further study of this group showed that only one child fulfilled the classical criteria of Kanner (1943) for a diagnosis of early infantile autism. Scale "positivity" was found to correlate with mental retardation and to be associated with other developmental defects, especially learning disorders and hearing loss. PMID- 47305 TI - [Myocardial infarction and diabetes (author's transl)]. AB - 30 diabetic patients with myocardial infarction were compared with 30 non diabetic myocardial infarction patients during their hospitalization in an Intensive Care Unit, to observe possible differences at the onset and throughout the course of the infarction syndrome. Myocardial infarction in diabetic cases has an oligosymptomatic onset, often painless, which evolves towards cardiocirculatory decompensation. The frequence of arrhythmias is higher, especially in serious or mortal arrhythmias. Possible pathogenetic reasons for this are briefly discussed. PMID- 47306 TI - Antigenic surface determinants of chicken lymphoid cells. II. Selective in vivo and in vitro activity of anti-bursa and anti-thymus sera. AB - Appropriately absorbed turkey antisera to antigenic surface determinants of chicken bursa (ABS) or thymus cells (ATS) were assessed for their selective immunosuppressive activy in vitro and in vivo. The intraperitoneal injection of ABS or ATS into 2-3-week-old normal white Leghorn chickens entailed a significant depletion of B or T cells respectively from spleen and peripheral blood, while bursa and thymus themselves remained unaffected. The potential of this 'peripheral serological bursectomy and thymectomy' paralleled that found after the conventional surgical procedures with subsequent sublethal irradiation. The mean survival time of skin allografts from donors of genotype B4B4 onto B8B8 recipients was significantly prolonged by treatment with ATS (29 plus or minus 12 days) as compared to untreated (14 plus or minus 2 days), normal turkey serum (12 plus or minus 3 days) or ABS-injected (13 plus or minus 2 days) groups. This selective suppression of a T cell-dependent immune reaction by ATS was also confirmed in vitro by its inhibitory action on the graft-versus-host reactivity of adult peripheral blood lymphocytes in the chorioallantoic membrane assay, where normal turkey serum and ABS were again ineffective. Thus, ABS or ATS produced in avian species may serve not only to delineate B and T cells in vitro, but can also be used for selective manipulation of immune reactions of the chicken in vivo. PMID- 47307 TI - Carrier and hapten functions in immune deviation. I. Contrary effects of hapten and carrier on cellular and helper functions of T cells. AB - Carrier and hapten functions have been studied in the immune deviation phenomenon. Delayed hypersensitivity to the carrier and anaphylaxis and Arthus hypersensitivities to the hapten and to the carrier were studied in guinea-pigs injected intravenously with large doses of carrier, homologous and heterologous hapten-carrier conjugates and subsequently immunized with the hapten-carrier conjugate in Freund's complete adjuvant. Pretreatment with DNP-BSA or with HGG were found to modify, in opposite directions, the hypersensitivity reactions induced by DNP-HGG in adjuvant. It is suggested that the hapten and carrier moieties of the antigen molecule might have antagonistic effects on the T cells responsible for cellular immunity as well as on T cells involved in helper functions for B cells. PMID- 47308 TI - Genetic control of sensitization to structurally unrelated antigens and its relationship to histocompatibility antigens in guinea-pigs. AB - Five strains of guinea-pigs homozygous for GPL-A and 2/13 histocompatibility antigens were sequentially immunized with seven structurally unrelated antigens (TGAL, BPO-BGG, ASAN, BPO-PLL, phenetidine, horseradish peroxidase and DNP dodecapeptide). Considerable differences in the immune response were observed, as measured by delayed skin reactivity and antigen-induced lymphocyte stimulation in vitro. The data presented show that when the progeny of various back-cross matings are analysed for their responder status, the responses to the antigens (TGAL, BPO-BGG, phenetidine and ASAN) are in most cases linked to the genes controlling the respective histocompatibility antigens. However, it appears that the responses to the various antigens in our system may be under polygenic control. PMID- 47309 TI - Studies of the inhibition of C56-initiated lysis (reactive lysis). IV. Antagonism of the inhibitory activity c567-INH by poly-L-lysine. AB - The stable intermediate complex C56 can initiate the lysis (reactive lysis) of unsensitized erythrocytes (E) by the membrane attack machanism of complement. Certain serum constituents designated C567-INH inhibit reactive lysis by preventing the C567 complex, once formed, from attaching to a membrane surface. It is shown here that microgram quantities of poly-L-lysine (PLL), a synthetic polycation of molecular weight 180,000, can reverse the effests of C567-INH, and thereby potentiate formation of EC567 by erythrocytes, C56 and C7 in whole serum. Erythrocytes exposed to PLL in a preincubation step did not show either increased susceptibility to C567 or resistance to C567-INH, and reversal of C567-IHN by given amounts of PLL was not diminished as cell concentrations were greatly increased, indicating that the effect of PLL was predominantly directed against fluid phase rather than against erythrocyte membrane substrates. The effects of PLL and C567-INH were quantitatively reciprocal. Thus, PLL-induced potentiation of C56-induced lysis is a solute effect which seems to involve direct neutralization of naturally occurring serum inhibitors of the C567 trimolecular complex of complement. The use of PLL thus provides a suitable antagonist for C567-INH in reaction mixtures, and allows evaluation of the role of C567 and C567 INH in a variety of situations involving C-mediated lysis. PMID- 47310 TI - Biological properties of a canine distemper virus isolate associated with demyelinating encephalomyelitis. AB - A canine distemper virus (CDV), DESIGNATED R252, originally recovered from a dog with demyelinating encephalomyelitis was shown to reproduce this disease in gnotobiotic dogs with a high incidence as compared to other CDV strains, which produced an acute fatal infection. In this investigation, R252 was propagated for the first time in Vero cells and compared to two known strains of CDV, Snyder Hill (SH) and Onderstepoort (Ond). The results of this study revealed that intracellular R252 accumulated more slowly than either SH or Ond. There was extensive destruction of Vero monolayers infected with either R252 or SH. Each virus induced the formation of intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions. Ond infection resulted in minimal cytopathic changes and intracytoplasmic inclusions. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that the spread of R252 infection within the monolayers was intermediate between the rapidly spreading SH and slowly spreading Ond. R252-infected cells developed characteristic immunofluorescent cytoplasmic inclusions. Initially, each stained homogeneously and later appeared as a non fluorescent body surrounded by a fluorescent ring. This characteristic pattern of fluorescence was observed only infrequently in thelate stage of SH infection and was absent in Ond-infected cultures. Reciprocal neutralization studies indicated that the three strains are of one serotype. These findings suggest that R252-CDV has biological properties which differ from two other strains of CDV and which may have bearing upon the in vivo capability of this virus to produce demyelinating encephalomyelitis. PMID- 47311 TI - Long-term Visna virus infection of sheep choroid plexus cells: initiation and preliminary characterization of the carrier cultures. AB - Two sheep choroid plexus cell cultures were maintained and propagated for 413 days since being infected with strain K796 visna virus. The majority of the cells in these cultures contained visna virus-specific antigen on days 93 and 105 after infection. Reverse transcriptase-like activity similar to that present in visna virus preparations was obtained from these cultures when very little plaque forming virus was being synthesized. The persistently infected cultures are resistant to the cytopathic effect which occurs in uninfected cultures upon exposure to visna virus. Persistently infected cells require more time than uninfected cells to become confluent. Less than 0.02 percent of the persistently infected sheep choroid plexus cells form macroscopic colonies within 14 days, whereas 20 to 30 percent of the cells from uninfected cultures form macroscopic colonies within this time. PMID- 47312 TI - Virion and soluble antigens of japanese encephalitis virus. AB - Japanese encephalitis virions contain a 58 X 10-3-molecular-weight envelope glycoprotein antigen that can be solubilized with sodium lauryl sulfate and separated from other virion structural polypeptides and viral ribonucleic acid by gel filtration chromatography. The 58 X 10-3-molecular-weight envelope protein is the major antigen responsible for cross-reactivity of the virion in complement fixation tests with other closely related arboviruses. A naturally occurring soluble complement-fixing antigen is found in Japanese encephalitis mouse brain preparations after removal of particulate antigens. After partial purification by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing, the 53 X 10-3-molecular weight soluble complement-fixing antigen is more type specific than the Japanese encephalitis envelope antigen in complement fixation tests. Further, the Japanese encephalitis soluble complement-fixing antigen is stable to treatment with sodium lauryl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol, whereas virion complement-fixing antigens are unstable after this treatment. PMID- 47314 TI - Ontogeny of lymphoid cell surface determinants in the chicken. AB - Five antigenic lymphoid cell surface determinants (LCSD) were detected in hatched chickens using specific antisera. These LCSD were: thymus-specific surface determinants, bursa-specific non-immunoglobulin determinants, IgM-specific determants, IgG-specific determinants, and IgA-specific determinants (ASD). Viable cell suspension of embryonic yolk sac, bursa, thymus and spleen were tested by means of indirect or direct immunofluorescent staining procedures for the presence and frequency of LCSD during maturation. Experiments performed with liver cells. brain cells and red blood cells of embryos confirmed the specificities of the antisera used for determinants present on cells of lymphoid tissues. The results showed LCSD to occur on yolk sac cells on the 5th to 7th embryonic day (ED). This suggests the presence of a stem cell pre-committed for the lymphoid cell line already in the yolk sac. Furthermore, findings are reported indicating the presence of distinct lympoid stem cell populations or maturation stages in the yolk sac, which may be responsible for either populating the thymus or the bursa. The finding of ASD-bearing cells early in ontogenesis of the lymphoid system suggests the presence of two specificities in anti-chicken IgA sera, one of which may be directed against an antigenic site on a rudimentary immunoglobulin molecule, which becomes lost or hidden in later maturation. Studies on the bursa and the thymus show that covering, hiding, or loss of antigenic determinants plays an important role in lymphoid cell differentiation. Furthermore, the spleen is reached by B-determined stem cells as early as the bursa, but these stem cells seem not to proliferate in the former to any considerable extent until hatching. Finally, the sequence of the appearance of immunoglobulin classes as proposed by other authors is confirmed with reservaitons concerning IgA, and it is suggested that immunoglobulins are detectable earlier on cell surfaces than intracytoplasmatically. PMID- 47313 TI - Increased influenza pneumonia mortality of mice adoptively immunized with node and spleen cells sensitized by inactivated but not live virus. AB - Syngeneic mice adoptively immunized intravenously with 25 million washed node and spleen cells from donors vaccinated subcutaneously with formolized influenza A PR8 had a higher mortality with influenza pneumonia after challenge with homologous virus than occurred in recipients of similar cells from unsensitized donors, and this increased mortality was prevented by treatment of the sensitized cells with antithymocyte serum. Mice adoptively immunized with cells from donors vaccinated with formolized influenza A PR8 also had a higher mortality than recipients of unsensitized cells after challenge with heterologous influenza B Lee. Mice who received PR8-sensitized cells and survived challenge with influenza B Lee developed antibody only to the challenge virus, and serum antibody titers to the challenge virus in surviving recipients of sensitized cells were similar to those of recipients of unsensitized cells in all studies. Influenza mortality of recipients of antibody-containing mouse serum after homologous virus challenge was similar to that of recipients of antibody-free mouse serum in this model. Washed node and spleen cells from donor mice who had survived respiratory infection or received subcutaneous vaccination with live influenza A PR8 and those from donor mice given typhoid vaccine subcutaneously all failed to alter mortality from that observed in recipients of unsensitized cells after challenge with influenza A PR8. These results suggest that subcutaneous vaccination with inactivated influenza establishes a reactivity of the cell-mediated immunologic system which can increase the severity of influenza infection of the respiratory tract under certain conditions, and that sensitization by live influenza fails to produce this effect. PMID- 47315 TI - Unique serum requirement for histamine release from human basophils. AB - Basophil histamine release in a patient with an IgE-mediated seminal plasma allergy had a requirement for serum. Washed leukocytes, in the absence of serum, released little histamine on challenge with seminal plasma antigen. The addition of serum markedly enhanced the release. However, serum had only a mild effect on ragweed antigen induced histamine release from the same cells of this individual. Serum from normal donors was equally effective as autologous serum. Heating the serum and treating it with mercaptoethanol did not destroy this activity. The serum effect was unique in that another patient with seminal plasma allergy did not demonstrate this phenomenon. It is postulated that the effect of the serum is to stabilize the antibody-antigen step at the basophil surface. PMID- 47316 TI - Role of the chondrocytes in the breakdown of pig articular cartilage induced by complement-sufficient antiserum to pig erythrocytes. AB - Previous work showed that in organ culture pig articular cartilage is not affected by complement-sufficient antiserum to pig erythrocytes (AS plus C') unless it is associated with soft connective tissue. In the presence of synovial tissue the matrix becomes depleted of proteoglycan and may finally disintegrate. Immunoglobulin fails to enter normal cartilage matrix, but penetrates depleted matrix and reacts with the surfaces of the chondrocytes. The present experiments were made to see whether the breakdown of partially depleted cartilage matrix would progress in AS plus C' after removal of the synovial explant. Affronted explants of articular cartilage and synovial tissue were cultivated in AS plus C' for 10 days (primary cultures). The synovial tissue was then removed and the isolated cartilage maintained for a further period either in AS plus or C' or in one of a variety of control media (SECONDARY CULTURES). The behavior of the isolated cartilage during the secondary culture period depended on the degree of breakdown attained at the end of the primary period. If only proteoglycan but not collagen had been seriously depleted, degradation of the matrix did not progress in AS plus C' and slight regeneration of metachromatic materal sometimes took place; regneration of matrix was greater after transfer to control medium. If collagen as well as proteoglycan had been destrobyed, the chondrocytes assumed a fibroblastic form, their surfaces no longer reacted with IgG antibody, and in secondary culture they failed to regenerate new matrix. PMID- 47317 TI - Scabies again. PMID- 47318 TI - Immunochemical investigation on human ceruloplasmin. Partial explanation of the "heterogeneity". AB - Human ceruloplasmin from fresh serum has been purified by chromatography on hydroxyapatite and Con A-Sepharose. Quantitative immunoelectrophoretic analysis of fresh serum, stored serum and fractions from the different purification steps for human ceruloplasmin has been carried out. A combination of the latter, advanced technique with amino acid analysis, molecular weight determination by size chromatography, urea treatment, staining for oxidase activity and enzymatic proteolysis, has revealed that: 1) human cerulplasmin is a heterogeneous mixture of two glycoproteins (x) differing only in their carbohydrate content and 2) the protein part contains at least one very labile peptide bond which upon enzymatic hydrolysis gives rise to peptides with molecular weights of 93,000 (y) and 24,000 (z) dalton, respectively. The two glycoproteins are immunochemically identical. The y peptide is immunochemically partially identical, and the z peptide immunochemically non-identical, with the parent molecule. The y and z peptides are non-identical. On the basis of these observations a simplified two dimensional model of human ceruloplasmin is proposed. PMID- 47319 TI - Surgical results for early gastric carcinoma. Additional report. PMID- 47320 TI - Nonspecific inflammatory lesions of the prostate. Spectrum and patterns. AB - Nonspecific inflammatory lesions of the prostate are described and illustrated. The spectrum of inflammation in this group of lesions caused by exposure of prostatic secretions to, or their escape into, the stroma has not been fully recognized. Inflammation ranges from acute, through chronic lymphoplasmacytic to granulomatous. The pathogenesis is primarily a defect in the acinar or ductal epithelium caused by prostatic secretion. The difference between these lesions and infective lesions is emphasized. The term ectasia prostatitis is suggested for this group of inflammatory lesions. PMID- 47321 TI - Needle biopsy by a modified approach in prostatic diseases. PMID- 47322 TI - Accumulation of arsenate, phosphate, and aspartate by Sreptococcus faecalis. AB - Uptake of arsenate and phosphate by Streptococcus faecalis 9790 is strictly dependent on concurrent energy metabolism and essentially unidirectional. targinine supports uptake only in presence of glycerol or related substances; glycerol is not directly involved in transport but depletes the cellular orthophosphate pool and thus relieves feedback inhibition of transport. Uptake of phosphate and arsenate is stimulated by K+ and by other permeant cations. The results suggest that electroneutrality is preserved by compensatory movement of either H+ or OH minus. Ionophores and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, which prevent establishment of a proton motive force, block the accumulation of thiomethylgalactoside and of threonine but not that of arsenate or phosphate. We conclude that arsenate accumulation requires adenosine 5'-triphosphate but is not driven by the proton-motive force. However, conditions and reagents that lower the cytoplasmic pH do inhibit accumulation of arsenate and phosphate, suggesting that uptake depends on the capacity of the cells to maintain a neutral or alkaline cytoplasm. We therefore propose that phosphate accumulation is an electroneutral exchange for OH driven by adenosine 5'-triphosphate or by a metabolite thereof. Accumulation of aspartate and glutamate also requires adenosine 5'-triphosphate but not the proton-motive force and may involve a similar mechanism. PMID- 47323 TI - Ultrastructure and adhesion properties of Ruminococcus albus. AB - Morphological studies have shown that cells of the anaerobic rumen bacterium Ruminococcus albus have electron-translucent granules of reserve carbohydrate in their cytoplasm, and that they have a polysaccharide "coat" layer external to their gram-negative cell wall. This coat layer, which stains specifically with ruthenium red, forms a compact mat of fibers adjacent to the cell, and fibrous elements also project as much as 0.6 mum from the cells. These radial fibers are clearly visualized by freeze-etching, and can be seen to extend throughout the extensive intercullular space in centrifuged pellets of these bacteria. Cells of R. albus adhere to cellulose fibers added to the culture medium, and the coat material is seen to mediate this adhesion in addition to its function in the general protection of these cells. PMID- 47324 TI - Electron microscopy studies of the limiting layers of the rickettsia Coxiella burneti. AB - Surface layers of Coxiella burneti studied at a high resoulution reveal a plasma membrane and an outer surface membrane 6 to 7 nm thick, and a thin, moderately electron-dense intermediate layer associated with the inner surface of the outer membrane of many cells. This layer appears to be unaffected by lysozyme treatment. Ruthenium red staining was used to delineate a layer of filamentous material external to the outer membrane; this fuzzy layer has a mean thickness of 20 nm and is not often seen on the surface of cells prepared by conventional means. Both antigenic phase I and II cells show a ruthenium red-binding surface layer. It is suggested that this fuzzy layer may be, among other possibilities, a highly branched mucopolysaccharide. PMID- 47325 TI - Release of extracellular enzymes from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. AB - Washed-cell suspensions of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens secrete significant amounts of the extracellular enzymes alpha-amylase and protease for about 15 min in the almost complete absence of protein synthesis. This apparently represents release of preformed enzyme en route to secretion. The release was independent of energy but was affected by temperature. Pulse-labeling experiments showed that newly synthesized enzyme molecules are either immediately released into the external medium or equilibrate with the preformed enzyme prior to eventual secretion. The results are compatible with a model of secretion whereby enzyme molecules emerging from the cell membrane become temporarily restricted by the cell wall so that a small pool of active enzyme accumulates in this region. PMID- 47326 TI - Mammary tumor virus induction by glucocorticoids. Characterization of specific transcriptional regulation. AB - Dexamethasone (1,4-pregnadiene-9-fluor-16alpha-methyl-11beta,17alpha,21-triol 3,20-dione), a potent synthetic glucocorticoid, stimulates mouse mammary tumor virus expression 10- to 20-fold in tissue culture cells. This hormone effect was observed at concentrations as low as 1 times 10-10 M and was maximal at 10-7 to 10-8 M. The time course of induction indicated that detectable increases in extracellular viral DNA polymerase were first noted 18 to 24 hours following the addition of dexamethasone, and cells produced the highest polymerase levels at the time monolayers approached confluence. Steroid responsiveness was associated with specific increases in type B murine mammary tumor virus structural polypeptide (gp52(sl) expression and murine mammary tumor virus RNA that quantitatively paralleled the increase in extracellular virus production as measured by electron microscopy and supernatant RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. Another virally transformed murine cell line, KA 31, did not contain detectable levels of murine mammary tumor virus gp52(sl) or RNA before or after dexamethasone stimulation; thus induction was noted only in murine cells with pre existing murine mammary tumor virus expression. No increase in basal levels of type C murine leukemia viral proteins or RNA was detected in dexamethasone treated mammary cell lines which were producing increased levels of murine mammary tumor virus. Therefore, increases in murine mammary tumor virus gene products are specific for murine mammary tumor virus DNA sequences under these conditions. PMID- 47327 TI - A cleavage-associated neoantigenic marker for a gamma chain site in the NH2 terminal aspect of the fibrinogen molecule. AB - The E fragment, derived from the NH2-terminal aspect of fibrinogen by plasmin cleavage (fg-E), possesses two generically distinct sets of antigenic expressions. The major set of antigens is expressed by the parent molecule as indicated by the capacity of a major subpopulation of antibodies present in antiserum to fg-E and reactive with fg-E to: (a) react with fibrinogen, and (b) be specifically absorbed by fibrinogen but appears following proteolysis with plasmin. These cleavage associated neoantigens (fg-E-neo) specifically react with a minor subpopulation of antibodies present in antiserum to fg-E.E fragments isolated after varying exposures to plasmin all expressed fg-E-neo, but early E fragments exhibited quantitatively less neoantigenic expression than more extensively degraded E fragments. The entire fg-E-neo expression is recovered on a single isolated constituent chain of the E fragment, and immunochemical analysis with antiserum to the isolated constituent chain-bearing fg-E-neo identifies it as a derivative of the gamma chain constituent, exhibits marked stability to physicochemical denaturation and enzymatic degradation. These properties suggest that the neoantigen may be associated with a specific amino acid sequence which is exposed by the cleavage process. The identification and localization of fg-E-neo provides a specific molecular marker site for the characterization of structural and conformational changes associated with catabolism and function of fibrinogen. PMID- 47328 TI - Conformational and structural modulation of the NH2-terminal regions of fibrinogen and fibrin associated with plasmin cleavage. AB - Conformational and structural modulations of the NH2-terminal region of fibrinogen and fibrin associated with plasmin cleavage have been examined utilizing specific antibody probes. The E region derived from the NH2-terminal aspects of fibrinogen undergoes complex structural and conformational changes throughout the cleavage process as indicated by differences in the quantitative and qualitative expression of antigenic determinants by the E region of each isolated cleavage fragment. When the range of antigenic determinants recognized by the antibody probe is limited to a specific molecular marker on the gamma chain within the E region, fg-E-neo, evidence for a systematic and progressive modulation of this site during plasmin cleavage is observed. Fg-E-neo undergoes progressive exposure as the cleavage of fibrinogen proceeds from X to Y to D:E complex. Separation of the D:E complex into its constituent, D and E fragments, is associated with further exposure of fg-E-neo determinants. The sequential cleavage of fibrin by plasmin also leads to progressive exposure of the fg-E-neo site; however, comparison of corresponding fragments derived from fibrinogen and fibrin reveals significant differences in the character of fg-E-neo expression. Immunochemical differences between fibrin and fibrinogen E fragments are not abolished by further exposure of the fragments to plasmin, are apparently not due to the presence or absence of fibrinopeptides, and are maintained following denaturation and renaturation of the fragments. These results suggest that the differential expression of fg-E-neo by the E fragments may be primarily dependent upon differences in amino acid compositions of the fragments. PMID- 47329 TI - Biosynthesis of yeast mannan. Isolation of Kluyveromyces lactis mannan mutants and a study of the incorporation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine into the polysaccharide side chains. AB - One side chain in the cell wall mannan of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis has the structure (see article). (Raschke, W. C., and Ballou, C. E. (1972) Biochemistry 11, 3807). This (Man)4GNAc unit (the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine derivative of mannotetroase) and the (Man)4 side chain, aMan(1 yields 3)aMan(1 yields 2)aMan(1 yields 2)Man, are the principle immunochemical determinants on the cell surface. Two classes of mutants were obtained which lack the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine containing determinant. The mannan of one class, designated mmnl, lacks both the (Man)4GNAc and (Man)4 side chains. Apparently, it has a defective alpha-1 yields 3-mannosyltransferase and the (Man)4 unit must be formed to serve as the acceptor before the alpha-1 yields 2-N-acetyl-glucosamine transferase can act. The other mutant class, mnn2, lacks only the (Man)4GNAc determinant and must be defective in adding N-acetylglucosamine to the mannotetrasose side chains. Two members of this class were obtained, one which still showed a wild type N-acetylglucosamine transferase activity in cell-free extracts and the other lacking it. They are allelic or tightly linked, and were designated mnn2-1 mnn2-2. Protoplast particles from the wild type cells catalyzed a Mn2+-dependent transfer of N acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to the mannotetraose side chain of endogenous acceptors. Exogenous mannotetraose also served as an acceptor in a Mn2+-dependent reaction and yielded (Man)4GNAc. Related oligosaccharides with terminal alpha (1 yields 3)mannosyl units were also good acceptors. The product from the reaction with alphaMan(1 yields 3)Man had the N-acetylglucosamine attached to the mannose unit at the reducing end, which supports the conclusion that the cell-free glycosyltransferase activity is identical with that involved in mannan synthesis. The reaction was inhibited by uridine diphosphate. Protoplast particles from the mmnl mutants showed wild type N-acetylglucosamine transferase activity with exogenous acceptor, but they had no endogenous activity because the endogenous mannan lacked acceptor side chains. Particles from the mnn2-1 mutant failed to catalyze N-acetylglucosamine transfer. In contrast, particles from the mnn2-2 mutant were indistinguishable from wild type cells in their transferase activity. Some event accompanying cell breakage and assay of the mnn2-2 mutant allowed expression of a latent alpha-1 yields 2-N acetylglucosamine transferase with kinetic properties similar to those of the wild type enzyme. PMID- 47330 TI - Osteogenic sarcoma. A study of one hundred and thirty cases. AB - One hundred and thirty patients with osteogenic sarcoma were studied clinically, roentgenographically, and pathologically. Prognosis by each of ten factors was analyzed with the Wilcoxon test. The test yielded p smaller than 0.05 in a comparison between the survival curves of patients fifteen years old or younger and that of patients over fifteen, but other comparisons did not yield p smaller than 0.05. The actual five-year survival rate was 25.5 per cent (twenty-six of 102 patients who had radical surgery). Our therapeutic regimen for osteogenic sarcoma at the present time consists of regional perfusion, amputation, bronchial artery infusion, and systemic administration of anticancer agents. PMID- 47331 TI - Immunological characterization of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase mutants of mouse L cells: evidence for mutations at different loci in the HGPRT gene. AB - A large collection (105) of mouse L cell mutants lacking hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase activity (HGPRT; E. C. 2.4.2.8) were analyzed for the presence of serologically cross reacting material (CRM). Antibody directed against highly purified mouse liver HGPRT was used for detecting DRM activity by two methods: (1) the standard precipitation-inhibition assay; and (2) a radioimmune-precipitation assay. The latter assay proved to have far greater sensitivity for the detection of altered forms of HGPRT. Approximately 40% of the HGPRT- cell lines contain CRM activity (i.e., were CRM+). This indicates that a minimum of 40% of the HGPRT- clones arose as a result of mutations in the HGPRT structural gene. The CRM+ cell lines were shown to contain different levels of CRM activity. Measurements of the heat sensitivity of CRM in the different HGPRT- cell lines showed a broad spectrum of CRM heat inactivation kinetics. These latter two observations provide strong evidence that the mutations giving rise to the HGPRT-CRM+ phenotype occurred at different sites in the HGPRT structural gene. PMID- 47332 TI - Control of transcription of the globin gene. AB - This report provides a more rigorous proof of previous findings that the RNA transcribed in vitro from the chromatins of different organs shows different sequence specificities. Here the particular case of the globin gene is considered for a comparison of embryonic mouse liver chromatin and mouse brain chromatin using the reverse transcriptase cDNA copy of globin 9S m RNA as a definitive probe. It can be shown that globin sequences are transcribed in vitro from embryonic liver chromatin and not brain chromatin. This specificity in liver chromatin can be reconstituted after dissociation of the structural elements of the chromatin. It can be shown that the non-histone protein fraction of liver chromatin can confer specificity for the transcription of globin sequences from brain chromatin which otherwise lacks this ability. Preliminary results are described with the Friend cell system, in which haemoglobin synthesis can be induced in vitro in the presence of dimethylsulphoxide. PMID- 47333 TI - Variation with age and disease of an amyloid A protein-related serum component. AB - Using the radioactively-labeled alkaline-degraded acid-soluble fraction of amyloid ([ 125I ]DAA), we developed a radioimmunoassay for the previously described amyloid-related component of the human serum (SAA). Screening the sera of 228 normal individuals and of 297 patients with a variety of illnesses, we found that SAA is a component of all human sera, including cord blood (mean 94 plus or minus 57 ng/ml). The concentration of this component increases significantly with the aging process, reaching very high levels in the eighth and nine decades. It is also elevated in all cases of amyloidosis (except for those associated with nephrotic syndrome) as well as in many patients with myeloma, macroglobulinemia, lymphoma, carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis, and tuberculosis. A marked increase was noted in the early stages of a variety of acute inflammatory and infectious states with a return to normal levels paralleling clinical improvement and faster than the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The possible implications of this component in the genesis of amyloid and in the immune process are discussed. PMID- 47334 TI - Association of tissue factor activity with the surface of cultured cells. AB - Tissue factor occurs in a dormant state on the surface of cultured normal human fibroblasts and WISH 1 amnion cells. The activity of undisturbed monolayers or cells lifted with brief trypsin treatment (0.125 per cent trypsin for 1 min) increases up to 60-fold upon prolonged digestion with dilute trypsin (0.0025 per cent trypsin for 30 min); activity appears subsequent to cell detachment. Up to 70 per cent of the total cellular tissue factor becomes active under these conditions and is released from the cells. The ruthenium red staining coat of the cells is lost during detachment, but cell viability (more than 90 per cent exclude trypan blue) and cell morphology do not change during the subsequent development of tissue factor activity. Furthermore, less than 10 percent of four intracellular enzymes and less than 20 per cent of two plasma membrane enzymes are released during this period of time. We therefore conclude that cells in culture do have tissue factor activity, that it exists in a latent form, and that total cell disruption is not necessary for this activity to initiate blood coagulation. PMID- 47335 TI - Immunochemical heterogeneity of calcitonin in plasma of patients with medullary thryoid carcinoma. AB - Marked discrepancies (values up to four times higher in on assay than in the other) were observed when the plasma concentration of immunoreactive human calcitonin (iCT) was measured by two radioimm8noassays in 18 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma. The two antisera used had different binding affinities for the NH2- and COOH-terminal regions of synthetic calcitonin monomer (CT-1-32). Except for this difference, the assays were identical and reacted equally with CT 1-32. Plasma samples from patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma were gel filtered on columns of Bio-Gel P-150, and the immunoreactivity in column effuent fractions was measured with both assays. The one utilizing the antiserum with prominent NH2-terminal binding affinity (and giving higher iCT values) recognized at least five molecular species that eluted with or before CT 1-32. The other assay, utilizing the antiserum with a COOH-terminal binding affinity, recognized two fo these molecular species-one eluting with CT 1-32 and the other in a position consistent with a dimer. A mixture of athreotic asthma and added CT 1-32 contained a single immunologic species that was recoqnized equally by both antisera. No forms smaller than CT 1-32 were detected in any study. The results suggest that iCT circulating in the plasma of patients with medullary thryoid carcinoma is hetergeneous. The absolute iCT concentration measured by radioimmunoassays depends on recognition of these distinct molecular species as well as on the specific binding affinities of the antiserum used to detect them. These observations may partially explain the variations among iCT values reported by different laboratories. PMID- 47337 TI - A technique for the orientation of blocks and sections from unbisected cervical cones. PMID- 47336 TI - Orcein staining of hepatitis B antigen in paraffin sections of liver biopsies. AB - Liver biopsies from 97 hepatitis B antigen (HBsAG)-positive patients were stained by a modified orcein method described by Shikata et al (1974) in order to detect the antigen in liver tissue. The results were consitently negative in acute hepatitis, but positive in nearly two-thirds of biopsies from 53 patients with chronic liver disease. The distribution of positive staining was frequently irregular so that there is a problem of sampling error in needle biopsies. The deposits were seen in the cytoplasm of liver cells and occasionally in Kupffer cells, but never in nuclei. There was an inverse relationship between staining and parenchymal necrosis. Biopsies from asymptomatic HB(s)Ag carriers were often strongly positive, as were "ground-glass" hepatocytes in carriers and patients with chronic liver disease. The mechanism of staining is unclear but may be related to the presence of disulphide bonds in (HBsAG. The technique is simple and of use both in fresh and stored material. PMID- 47338 TI - Letter: A simple and economical modification of the skin window technique. PMID- 47339 TI - The laboratory assessment of thyroid function. Nomenclature. PMID- 47340 TI - Serum protein-bound iodine or total thyroxine. PMID- 47341 TI - Quality control of thyroid function tests in vitro. PMID- 47342 TI - The present role of in-vitro tests of thyroid function. PMID- 47343 TI - Assessment of thyroid function during and after treatment of thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 47344 TI - The bulletin board as a learning resource. PMID- 47345 TI - Organochlorine content of milks, dairy products and animal feed ingredients: Ireland 1971-1972. AB - Milks (bovine and human) and dairy products (butter, cheese, skim and whey powders, calf-replacer, casein, butter-oil and dietetic food) were collected during 1971/2 throughout Ireland together with a more limited samples of the 10 major animal feed ingredients, and analysed for organochlorine insecticide residues using electron-capture gas chromatography. The different materials contained low or negligible levels of chlorinated insecticides. Apart from some of the animal feed ingredients the DDT residues were generally the predominant contaminants detected together with lower levels of gamma-BHC (lindane), aldrin/dieldrin and heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide. The maximum levels of these insecticides in the bovine milk and dairy products (511, 100, 62 and 21 mug/kg fat respectively) constitute only 50% or less of the Codex Tolerance Limits. The correspondingly low residue levels in the human milk (maxima of 128, 1, 1, and 5 mug/kg fat respectively) which at most represent insecticidal ingestion by infants equivalent to 13, 0-05, 5 and 5% respectively of the WHO/FAO acceptable daily intake for DDE, gamma-BHC, aldrin/dieldrin and heptachlor/heptachlor epoxide again pose no obvious health hazards and are strongly indicative of negligible organochlorine contamination in the general diet. The samples of animal feed ingredients examined also contained trace levels of ogranochlorines (maxima of 0-9, 0-1, 1-6 and 1-0 mug/kg respectively). More extensive monitoring of the residues in animal feed ingredients (the most probable source of milk contamination is advocated, and the desirability of tolerance limits for insecticides in animal feeds discussed. PMID- 47346 TI - Boundary layer model for air pollutant concentrations due to highway traffic. PMID- 47347 TI - Children, Youth, and their gatekeepers. PMID- 47348 TI - Group/audiovisual instruction for patients with diabetes. Learning achievements and time economics. AB - Patients with diabetes receiving instruction in group classes utilizing audiovisual teaching techniques achieved significantly higher post-test scores than those taught individually in the traditional bedside manner. In addition to the significantly greater learning, the dietitian's time was reduced by 100 per cent, based on classes of eight patients. The study was conducted by randomly allocating forty-five qualified patients to control or experimental groups, pre testing them using a questionaire-interview, giving bedside or class dietary instruction, and post-testing, using the same questionaire. Various personal characteristcs of the participants, as well as data relating to the diabetic state, were also examined for possible relationships to test scores and to one another. PMID- 47349 TI - Axoplasmic flow of proteolipids and lipids in the hypoglossal nerve of the rabbit. PMID- 47350 TI - Gout and Sudeck's atrophy: a simplified office approach to treatment. PMID- 47351 TI - How to educate the non-reader. PMID- 47352 TI - Lack of B lymphocyte depletion from murine spleen cell populations by a human gamma-globulin, anti-human gamma-globulin column system. AB - It has been reported previously that enriched populations of mouse thymus dependent (T) lymphocytes could be prepared by the use of a column procedure that is believed to remove selectively cells with receptors for antigen-antibody complexes. In our hands, this procedure does not selectively remove B lymphocytes but rather masks the surface immunoglobulin. Analysis of the column-passed cells revealed an apparent decrease in the percentage of immunoglobulin-bearing cells but little decrease in either the percentage of complement receptor lymphocytes or the mitogenic response to lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, rabbit immunoglobulin could be detected on the surface of 35 to 45% of the cells emerging from the columns prepared with rabbit anti-human gamma-globulin (HGG). After overnight incubation, 30 to 40% of the emerging cells reexpressed mouse immunoglobulin on their surfaces. Adsorption of the antisera used to make the columns with mouse gamma-globulin (MGG) diminished the depleting capacity of the columns. We conclude from these observations that antibodies in the anti-HGG sera, cross-reactive with mouse immunoglobulin, account for the spacious depletion of B lymphocytes observed when cells are passed over these antigen antibody complex columns. PMID- 47353 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in resistant and susceptible guinea pigs: in vivo and in vitro correlates. AB - Strain 2 guinea pigs develop less severe experimental allergic encephalomyelitis than do strain 13 and Hartley guinea pigs when sensitized with equivalent amounts of homologous myelin basic protein (BP) in complete Freund's adjuvant. In vivo and in vitro correlates of delayed hypersensitivity to myelin basic protein are depressed in the strain 2 guinea pigs relative to the two susceptible strains. The incidence of circulating anti-BP antibodies is also lower in sera from strain 2 guinea pigs than in sera from strain 13 or Hartley guinea pigs. There was no difference among the three strains in their ability to mount delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin, nor in the response of their cells to PHA in vitro. PMID- 47354 TI - The location of regions in guinea pig and bovine myelin basic proteins which induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats. AB - Myelin basic proteins and peptides derived from them by limited cleavage with pepsin were tested for their ability to induce experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats. The encephalitogenicity of the weakly active bovine protein was found to be associated with both halves of the molecule, peptides (1-88) and (89-169). Of the four smaller derivates of peptide (1-88), peptides (1-36), (43-88), (1-42), and (37-88), only the last two were active. This demonstrated that the overlap region consisting of residues 37-42 (sequence Asp-Ser-Leu-Gly-Arg-Phe) constitutes an encephalitogenic determinant. Of the two smaller derivatives of peptide (89-169), peptides (111-169) and (89 152), only the last was active. This indicated that the second encephalitogenic determinant begins between residues 88 and 111 and ends before residue 153. This region contains the sequence Leu-Ser-Leu-Ser-Arg-Phe (residues 108-113), which is strikingly similar to that of the first encephalitogenic determinant. Studies involving the extremely encephalitogenic guinea pig protein demonstrated that virtually all of the activity was recovered in the peptides corresponding to bovine peptides (37-88) and (43-88). These peptides, but not those comprising the remainder of the protein, were active in inhibiting the passive transfer of EAE with lymph node cells from donors immunized with guinea pig spinal cord. PMID- 47355 TI - Macrophage requirement for production of guinea pig migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in vitro. AB - Methods devised for generation and assay of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on a reduced scale have permitted the performance of experiments which demonstrate that glass bead column-purified guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes do not produce MIF or proliferate in response to antigen. Evidence that the macrophage is the essential cellular element eliminated by the purification procedure is demonstrated by the restoration of both lymphocyte responses upon addition of 5% macrophages to the purified lymphocytes. Autologous, immune and syngeneic, non immune peritoneal exudate macrophages were equally effective in restoring MF production by purified lymphocytes. Supernatants which inhibited the migration of peritoneal exudate macrophages had only minimal or no effect on the migration of alveolar macrophages, confirming that the inhibitory effects studied were attributable to MF and not cytophilic antibody. PMID- 47356 TI - Competition for antigen by cell populations having receptors with the same specificity but of different idiotype. AB - All normal A/J mice immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin-p-azophenylarsonate (KLH-Ar) produce anti-Ar antiboides, some of which share a cross-reactive idiotype. The present results indicate that the biosynthesis of antibody molecules bearing this idiotype does not occur in mice having an excess of lymphoid cells with receptors for Ar that lack the idiotype. This was shown, first, by introducing into normal, nonirradiated mice lymphoid cells from mice which had been suppressed with respect to production of the idiotype and then immunized with KLH-Ar. The recipients failed to express the idiotype upon immunization. Alternatively, cells from suppressed, mice were transferred into lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients, followed 17 days later by normal cells. All recipients expressed the idiotype upon immunization. If, however, the recipients were challenged with antigen between the two cell transfers, antibodies bearing the idiotype were not produced during subsequent immunization. Arguing against active, cell-mediated suppression was the production of the idiotype by normal cells in the presence of cells from a suppressed animal. However, the possibility of active suppression by hyperimmune suppressed cells was not ruled out. On the basis of the present data, the simplest interpretation is that cells with anti-Ar receptors from immune, suppressed animals, being present in larger numbers, compete successfully for antigen with nonimmune cells and thus prevent the expression of the idiotype. The system may provide a basis for quantitative studies of competition among cells for a limited supply of antigen, particularly if B cell populations are utilized. PMID- 47357 TI - Reaginic antibody formation in the mouse. V. Adoptive antihapten IgE antibody response of dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin-primed spleen cells cultured with dinitrophenyl heterologous carrier conjugates. AB - DBA/1 mice were primed with dinitrophenyl-keyhole lympet hemocyanin (DNP-KLH) included in aluminum hydroxide gel, and the adoptive anti-DNP IgE antibody response of their spleen cells was studied by transfer into irradiated syngeneic mice. As expected, depletion of T cells by anti-theta antiserum and complement abolished the response of the spleen cells to homologous antigen. If the same T depleted spleen cells were cultured with DNP-KLH for 24 hr and then transferred into irradiated mice, anti-DNP IgE antibody response was obtained. It was also found that DNP-KLH-primed spleen cells were triggered for IgE antibody response if they were cultured for 24 to 48 hr with DNP heterologous carrier conjugate, such as DNP-bovine gamma-globulin or a copolymer of D-tyrosine, glutamine, and lysine. Transfer of the cells cultured with the antigen into irradiated recipients resulted in the formation of anti-DNP IgE antibody. The DNP-KLH-primed cells cultured for 24 hr in the absence of antigen and then treated with DNP-BGG at 0 degrees C, also gave an adoptive IgE antibody response. If the same DNP-KLH primed cells were treated with the DNP heterologous carrier conjugate at 0 degrees C or injected into irradiated recipients together with the antigen, no IgE antibody response was obtained. The results indicated that T cell dependency of the IgE antibody response is diminished by culture of DNP-KLH-primed cell for 24 to 48 hr. PMID- 47358 TI - Allotypic suppression in rabbits: competition for target cell receptors between isologous and heterologous antibody and between native antibody and antibody fragments. AB - Neonatal injection with various foreign proteins (normal goat serum, human Cohn fraction II, human albumin) caused a stimulation of immunoglobulin synthesis. This effect was not antigen-specific and did not constitute a conventional antibody response directed against the injected substance. When this stimulatory effect of foreign protein was minimized, the heterologous (goat) anti-rabbit allotype antibody and rabbit antibody F(ab') 2 fragments not only failed to induce suppression but also competed with the suppression-inducing native rabbit antibody. Allotypic suppression in a rabbit can thus only be induced by an antibody molecule possessing an intact Fc portion of isologous, rabbit origin. Antibody to Ae14, an allotypic specificity located on the Fc portion, failed to induce suppression or stimulation of immunoglobulin synthesis. This was attributed to the position of Ae14 in the cell membrane which reduced its accessibility to antibody. PMID- 47359 TI - Neural antigens and induction of myelination inhibition factor. AB - Rabbits were sensitized or immunized with a variety of central nervous system antigens, including bovine spinal cord, bovine, monkey, human, guinea pig, rabbit and rat S myelin basic proteins, and a polypeptide derived from guinea pig basic protein. The animals were observed for development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, and their sera were collected at varying intervals after inoculation and evaluated for presence of precipitating anti-basic protein antibody and for their ability to inhibit myelin formation in cerebellar tissue cultures. The resulting complete dissociation between development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, the presence of anti-basic protein antibody and the occurrence of myelination inhibition factor suggests that myelination inhibition factor is not involved in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, and argues against a role for anti-basic protein antibody as an antimyelin factor in vitro. PMID- 47360 TI - Broad antigenic relationships among rhinovirus serotypes revealed by cross immunization of rabbits with different serotypes. AB - The rhinoviruses are a large group of at least 89 serotypes and extensive cross relationships have been demonstrated among these serotypes using both rabbit and human antisera. The extent of these cross-relationships was further investigated by sequential intravenous immunization of rabbits with different virus serotypes, known to be both related and unrelated. In all cases in which a relationship had previously been demonstrated with monovalent antiserum, after heterotypic stimulation with the related virus, the antibody titer to the virus used as primary immunogen showed an anamnestic response, whereas the antibody response to the secondary immunogen was good, but resembled a primary response. In some instances when immunized rabbits were injected with an unrelated antigen, previously unsuspected relationships were revealed. A number of clusters of related rhinoviruses were demonstrated: 5, 17, 42; 3, 4, 6, 14; 9, 32, 67; and 13, 14, 41. Heterotypic immunization proved to be a powerful biologic probe for detecting relationships among the rhinoviruses, and together with newly available epidemiologic data it offers a possible approach for design of a vaccine for the common cold. PMID- 47361 TI - In vitro response of mouse spleen cells to the solid phase immunogen DNP-O-Bio Gel. AB - The in virto immunogenicity of the solid-phase hapten, dinitrophenyl-ornithine Bio-Gel (DNP-O-Bio-Gel), was investigated in cultures of mouse spleen cells. Appropriate combinations of cells and immobilized hapten were determined. Large numbers of direct anti-hapten plaque-forming cells (PFC) were generated when 1 times 10-7 C57BL/6 or C57BL/10 spleen cells were cultured with 4 times 10-3 DNP-O Bio-Gel beads. Specificity studies of the responses of cultured spleen cells to DNP-O-Bio-Gel yielded the following results: soluble DNP-ornithine or DNP-bovine gamma-globulin inhibited the induction of anti-hapten PFC by DNP-O-Bio-Gel; neither dinitrophenyl-Bio-gel (DNP-Bio-gel) nor ornithine-Bio-Gel (O-Bio-Gel) induced anti-hapten responsiveness; furthermore, neither DNP-Bio-Gel nor O-Bio Gel inhibited the induction of PFC by DNP-O-Bio-Gel. It was concluded, from the results of these specificity experiments, that a spacer, ornithine, is required for immunogenicity of immobilized DNP; and that the Bio-Gel bead, itself, acts solely as a physical carrier for the hapten. PMID- 47362 TI - Fractionation of functional lymphocytes sensitized to basic encephalitogen on derivatized collagen and gelatin gels. AB - The lymph node cells of basic encephalitogen (BE)-sensitized guinea pigs were fractionated on derivatized collagen and gelatin gels. The population of cells specifically reactive to this antigen can be isolated from derivatized gelatin gels and retain their viability and functionality as assayed in vitro. The specific binding of BE-sensitized cells to BE-derivatized gels comprised between 1 and 2% of the cells applied per plate. The ratio of sensitized cells bound to non-sensitized cells bound ranged between 4 and 6. The viability and functionality of adherent cells detached from collagen gels after enzymatic degradation were impaired. In contrast, the responses obtained with the adherent cell population released from the gelatin gels, by melting at 37 degrees C, were equal or greater than those of the original unfractionated lymph node cell cultures. Furthermore, it was possible to obtain a nonadherent cell population which was virtually completely depleted of the capacity to respond to the sensitizing antigen. PMID- 47363 TI - Modulation of cyclic AMP in purified rat mast cells. I. Responses to pharmacologic, metabolic, and physical stimuli. AB - The cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) content of isolated unstimulated mast cells and the changes induced by a variety of pharmacologic, metabolic, and physical stimuli were studied. A modified bovine serum albumin density gradient purification method consistently provided mast cell preparations which were 95% or more pure, without apparent damage, and a 73% recovery of the mast cells applied to the gradients. The measured cAMP in unstimulated mast cells was high, a mean of 16 picomoles per million cells. Moderate agitation or contact with glass increased cAMP content about 2-fold. When calcium was omitted from the medium mast cell cAMP was markedly elevated; incremental increases in added calcium ion concentration from 1 muM to 1 mM caused a linear decrease in cAMP content. Theophylline (3 to 20 mM) caused a dose-related increase in mast cell cAMP content, approximately 2-fold at 20 mM theophylline. Epinephrine (0.01 to 1 mM) caused a modest, dose-related increase in cAMP. In the presence of theophylline, epinephrine increased cAMP levels equal to or greater than the sum of the effects of the agents used individually. The increase in cAMP induced by epinephrine was completely inhibited by 100 muM propranolol and partially inhibited by 10 muM propranolol, thus suggesting that a beta adrenergic receptor is involved. Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and histamine (in the presence of theophylline) also raised cAMP. Carbamylcholine (1 nM) lowered cAMP 38%; Atropine (0.1 mM) inhibited the decrease in cAMP induced by 1 nM carbamylcholine by 83% indicating that a muscarinic receptor is involved. In these homogeneous single cell suspensions, therefore, cholinergic and beta adrenergic agents have opposing effects on cAMP levels. Diazoxide (10 muM) and adenine (1 muM) caused 37 and 32% decreases in cAMP, respectively. The availability of highly purified mast cells and the identification of agents which either decrease or increase cAMP content allows a direct examination of the role of cAMP in histamine release. PMID- 47364 TI - Modulation of cyclic AMP in purified rat mast cells. II. Studies on the relationship between intracellular cyclic AMP concentrations and histamine release. AB - Changes in intracellular and extracellular rat mast cell adenosine 3':5' monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations during stimulation of histamine release by 48/80 were studied. There was a rapid and progressive fall in intracellular cAMP beginning within 10 sec after the addition of 48/80. The lowest cAMP values were obtained at 10 min, with return to control levels by 30 min. The fall in cAMP was dose-related with progressive decreases in 10-min cAMP measurements as the 48/80 concentration was increased from 0.25 to 1.00 mug/ml. There was a graded increase in histamine release over the same concentration range. Attempts to demonstrate significant amounts of cAMP in the medium during 48/80 stimulation were unsuccessful, indicating that the changes in cAMP intracellularly are not due to altered cellular permeability. There was a general correlation between the ability of pharmacologic agents to sustain high intracellular levels of cAMP in the presence of 48/80, and inhibition of histamine release. Theophylline (20 mM) which increased cAMP levels 2- 3-fold prevented a detectable decrease in cAMP after 1 mug/ml 48/80 (measured at 10 min) and almost completely inhibited histamine release. Prostaglandin E1 (27 muM) also raised cAMP levels, decreased the 48/80-induced fall in cAMP (by 42%). Epinephrine increased mast cell cAMP levels, but did not prevent the subsequent 48/80-induced decrease in cAMP and did not inhibit histamine release. Carbamylcholine (1 nM), adenine (1 muM), and diazoxide (10 muM) lowered mast cell cAMP and potentiated 48/80 induced release. In view of previous studies from this laboratory indicating that 48/80 stimulates mast cell phosphodiesterase, it seems likely that the 48/80-induced fall in cAMP is due, at least in part, to increased cAMP destruction. Since agents which prevent the fall in cAMP inhibit histamine release, it is apparent that cAMP is an important part of the control mechanism of histamine secretion. On the other hand, it cannot be concluded that a decrease in cAMP alone is sufficient to produce a response since carbamylcholine, diazoxide, and adenine which lower cAMP do not alter histamine release unless 48/80 is also present. PMID- 47365 TI - Compound d+y+ particles of Australia antigen. AB - Australia antigen (HB8 Ag) particles vary in their antigenic structure. They are generally found to carry either determinant d or determinant y, but not both. This report describes seven sera which contain Australia antigen carrying both d and y on the same particle. PMID- 47366 TI - Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: immunologic response to mouse spinal cord and myelin basic proteins. AB - It was confirmed that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis EAE, could be induced in SJL/J mice with mouse spinal cord homogenate. It was shown that induction of EAE in mice was critically dependent on the concentration of pertussis vaccine. The encephalitogen present in mouse brain was the basic protein of myelin. The smaller form of the mouse and rat basic proteins induced EAE; thus the mouse like the rat responds to determinants other than the "tryptophan region," which induced EAE in guinea-pigs. Mice with EAE developed a cell-mediated immune response to myelin basic protein, as judged by inhibition of peritoneal cell migration. However, levels of antibody to mouse basic protein were low, as judged by radioimmunoassay. The establishment of this autoimmune disease model in the mouse will allow the application of well established techniques for the analysis of the immunologic mechanisms leading to disease manifestation. PMID- 47367 TI - Structural studies on induced antibodies with defined idiotypic specificities. I. The heavy chains of anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies from A/J mice bearing a cross-reactive idiotype. AB - Amino acid sequence analysis has been performed on three groups of heavy (H) chains of A/J mice. H chains derived from unimmunized animals were compared to anti-p-azophenylarsonate (anti-Ar) antibodies which were further subdivided into those possessing and those depleted of a cross-reacting idiotype (CRI). It was found that anti-Ar antibodies bearing the CRI are homogeneous through the first hypervariable region of the H chain. The same sequence was obtained for pooled antibody isolated from the ascites fluid of 18 A/J mice or from a single mouse. The H chains appear to belong to a minor V-H subgroup. In the first 30 positions Anti-Ar antibodies depleted of the CRI had the same sequence as those containing the CRI (with small amounts of heterogeneity at some positions), but contained a mixture of sequences in the first hypervariable region of the H chain. These studies indicate that antibodies with similar specificity and with identical framework sequences, but which differ in their hypervariable regions, contain different idiotypic determinants, and support the concept that the idiotypic determinants reside primarily within hypervariable regions. PMID- 47368 TI - Induction of histamine release and desensitization in human leukocytes. Effect of anaphylatoxin. AB - Hog anaphylatoxin (AT) in concentrations from 0.5 to 5 mug/ml gives a dose dependent histamine release from human leukocytes. Concentration of 100 mug/ml AT give the same high histamine release as 5 mug/ml. This is in contrast to the histamine release obtained with anti-IgE or allergen, which give low histamine release with high doses. The histamine release obtained with AT is completed in 20 sec and the reaction is temperature- and calcium-dependent. Treatment of cells with AT in the presence or absence of calcium makes them insensitive to another challenge with AT. Such treated cells are fully responsive, however, to challenge with anti-IgE if the pretreatment has been performed in the absence of calcium. This, together with the calcium- and temperature-dependence indicates that the AT induced histamine release is nontoxic. Treatment of cells with AT in the presence of calcium induces, besides histamine release, decrease in sensitivity to anti IgE, indicating that both AT and anti-IgE release histamine from the same cells. We discuss to what extent AT and cell-bound Ig share intracellular mechanisms for induction of histamine release. PMID- 47369 TI - A hemolytic plaque assay for the detection of direct and indirect antibody forming cells to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. AB - A procedure is described for the in vitro enumeration of individual lymphoid cells producing antibody against Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) by a modification of the hemolytic plaque technique. Optimal conditions for the coupling of KLH to sheep erythrocytes by chromic chloride are described. Plaque forming cells are detected in a liquid monolayer slide chamber assay system. The kinetics of the in vivo primary and secondary PFC responses of both rabbit popliteal lymph node cells and mouse spleen cells are described. Both direct (IgM) and indirect (IgG) plaque-forming cells can be enumerated. The method can also be used to detect an in vitro anamnestic response in dispersed rabbit lymph node cell suspensions. The method is simple, extremely sensitive and the results correlate with those previously obtained in which newly synthesized antibody was detected in similar systems using the coprecipitation assay. PMID- 47370 TI - A comparison of the Farr technique with equilibrium dialysis for measurement of antibody concentration and affinity. AB - The Farr technique has been compared with equilibrium dialysis in regard to its ability to measure antibody concentration and affinity. An excellent qualitative agreement between the two techniques was obtained. Quantitatively, the Farr technique tended to underestimate antibody concentration and overestimate antibody affinity. It is likely that these observations are due to the failure of some low affinity antibodies to bind hapten under the conditions of the Farr assay. PMID- 47371 TI - Enzymoimmunoassay of human alpha-fetoprotein. AB - A non-competitive method for the determination of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in serum, using a pure specific antibody linked to glucose oxidase is described. When applied to human AFP, this method gives reproducible results in the range 0.7 to 15 ng/ml, in a relatively short time (6 hr). AFP sera levels of healthy human adults, pregnant women and adults with liver diseases, were tested both by enzymoimmunoassay and radioimmunoassay. In all cases, good agreement was noted between the two methods. PMID- 47372 TI - Rapid and high production of precipitating antibodies in rats. PMID- 47373 TI - Electrophoresis of ferritin-conjugated antibody into fixed tissue sections as a method for immune electron microscopy. PMID- 47374 TI - Immunologic studies in hypersensitivity pneumonitis--quantitative precipitins and complement-fixing antibodies in symptomatic and asymptomatic pigeon breeders. AB - Quantitative precipitation and complement fixation tests were performed on sera from a group of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (pigeon breeders' disease). Their antibody levels were compared to a selected group of similarly exposed but asymptomatic subjects. The quantity of precipitating antibodies was generally greater in serum from symptomatic breeders, although quantities in the serum from some of the asymptomatic subjects were greater than that seen in ill breeders. Complement-fixing antibodies were detected in the serum of both groups. Here again, complement-fixing activity was generally greater in the serum of ill breeders. However, one asymptomatic breeder showed complement-fixing activity greater than most of the symptomatic breeder group. These findings indicate that the presence of complement-fixing antibodies per se in serum to pigeon gamma globulin is not sufficient to cause the symptoms of pigeon breeders' disease. We suggest that other factor(s) may be involved, such as lgE- or cell-mediated hypersensitivity. PMID- 47375 TI - Antigenicity and cross-reactivity of denatured fibril proteins of primary, secondary, and myeloma associated amyloids. AB - Antisera have been produced against amyloid fibril preparations of primary, secondary, and myeloma origins. These have revealed the presence of both idiotypic and shared antigenic determinants. A high degree of cross-reactivity among the 3 types of amyloid has been found irrespective of classification. One antiserum to a secondary amyloid fibril preparation proved to be directed against A protein (the major nonimmunoglobulin constituent of secondary amyloid fibrils). This antiserum detected A protein in several of the secondary amyloids as well as in two primary amyloid fibril preparations which were degraded with alkali; These finding indicate that amyloid fibrils of various origins have similarities in composition and, therefore, may have common factors involved in fibrillogenesis. PMID- 47376 TI - Kartagener's syndrome and its otological manifestations. PMID- 47377 TI - Hypophysectomy in the treatment of disseminated carcinoma of the breast and prostate gland. PMID- 47378 TI - Upper-respiratory tract complaint protocol for physician-extenders. AB - A protocol for upper-respiratory tract complaints was administered to 226 patients in a walk-in clinic. The protocol, for use by a physician-extender in conjunction with a physician, specified the collection of data necessary for management. A decision-making algorithm separated the major causes of upper respiratory infection (URI) complaints and led to one of four plans: a physician referral, a culture only, antibiotic treatment, or symptomatic treatment only. Each patient was seen by a physician following the health assistant's interview. Of 226 patients, 96 (42 percent) would have been sent home by the protocol without seeing the physician. None of these had a complication of URI. Sixteen (seven percent) of the 226 had serious complications - all would have been referred to the physician. The protocol proved to be safe and efficient, acceptable to patients, and a reliable approach to physician-extender management of URI. PMID- 47379 TI - [Treatment of seasonal rhinopharyngeal diseases in children]. PMID- 47381 TI - [A case of olfactory esthesioneuroepithelioma]. PMID- 47380 TI - [Rhinopharyngitis in children]. PMID- 47382 TI - Oxime derivatives of erythromycin: inhibitors of Rous sarcoma virus reverse transcriptase activity and focus formation. AB - 9-O-methyloximd erythromycin A and its analogue inhibited reverse transcriptase and blocked focus formation of Rous sarcoma virus. These chemicals inhibited neither DNA-dependent DNA polymerase nor DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from bacterial sources. However, they inhibited reverse transcriptase with an apparently differnt mechanism than that by rifamycin ABDP. PMID- 47383 TI - Purification and electron microscopy of lactic dehydrogenase virus of mice. AB - Lactic dehydrogenase virus (LDV) was purified from infectious ascites fluid of mice bearing Ehrlich tumours using Sepharose gel filtration and rate zonal and isopycnic sedimentation. In glycerol gradients, a sedimentation coefficient of about 200S and a buoyant density of 1-14 g/ml was determined for the virus particle. Spherical particles with diam. between 62 and 80 nm, depending on the method of fixation and staining, have been identified electron microscopically. The virus particle consists of a spherical nucleocapsid wrapped into a double layered envelope. The nucleocapsids, isolated by treatment with NP40 and purified by centrifuging on sucrose gradients had a sedimentation coefficient of 176S. Electron micrographs show spherical particles with a diam of 35 plus or minus nm. Classification of LDV as a member of the togaviridae family is discussed. PMID- 47384 TI - Biochemical maturation of human central nervous system myelin. PMID- 47385 TI - Axoplasmic transport of proteins in vitro in primary afferent neurons of frog spinal cord: effect of Ca2+-free incubation conditions. PMID- 47386 TI - Abundant nuclear rods in adult-onset rod disease. AB - Abundant, highly organized, rod-shaped particles have been found in skeletal muscle nuclei of two patients with adult-onset rod disease. They were usually single in affected nuclei. Like myofibrillar rods, the nuclear rods consisted of bundles of long, parallel, apparently cross-linked filaments. On longitudinal section the rods had an axial periodicity and in transverse section a wire-mesh appearance. Average periodicities were 189A (nuclear) and 178A (myofibrillar) axially, 180A (both) transversely between the longitudinal rod-filaments on longitudinal-section and cross-section of the rods. Minor differences were that the nuclear rods were slightly lighter stained after osmium-uranyl acetate-lead citrate, lacked thin filaments protruding from their ends, and often were broader. It is proposed that nuclear rods may have a contractile-protein composition and pathokinesis similar to that of myofibrillar rods. Their formation may reflect an epitomization of a newly recognized general biological capability of exogenous, or perhaps endogeneous, nuclear protein alteration. PMID- 47387 TI - Teaching psychomotor skills. PMID- 47388 TI - Cardiac histamine-ouabain interaction: potentiation by ouabain of the arrhythmogenic effects of histamine. AB - Cardiac effects of histamine include stimulation of sinus rate and ventricular contractile force, impairment of atrioventricular conduction and increase in ventricular automaticity. Atrioventricular block and increase in ventricular automaticity are common features of digitalis toxicity. The purpose of the present investigation was to study the influence of low concentrations of ouabain on the cardiac effects of immunologically released and administered histamine. Hearts excised from guinea pigs passively sensitized to penicillin antigens responded to antigen with sinus tachycardia, atrioventricular conduction block, increase in ventricular automaticity, decrease in coronary flow rate and histamine release. During anaphylaxis in the presence of ouabain, 10-9 and 3 times 10-9 M, the duration of conduction arrhythmia and the incidence of ventricular automaticity were greatly increased. Dose-response studies for the cardiac effects of exogenous histamine were conducted in vitro in the presence of ouabain 10-9 and 3 times 10-9 M. Ouabain, in a concentration-dependent fashion, potentiated histamine-induced prolongation of the P-R interval, but not the increases in sinus rate and in ventricular contractile force. Oution block and idioventricular also greatly increased the incidence of histamine-induced atrioventricular conduction block and idioventricular rhythms. Our results clearly identify a histamine-Ouabain interaction leading to severe disruption of atrioventricular conduction and to increased ventricular automaticity. PMID- 47389 TI - The uptake of a substituted acridone by rat mast cells in relationship to histamine release: a possible indicator of exocytosis-induced expansion of the plasma membrane. AB - A substituted acridone, 10-(2-dimethylaminopropyl)-9-acridone HCl (M-129), was taken up by isolated rat peritoneal and pleural mast cells in direct relationship to the degree of selective histamine release induced by compound 48/80. Other selective releasing agents, i.e., polymyxin B and anti-rat mast cell serum, also augmented uptake of M-129. Augmented uptake of M-129 was inhibited by measures that inhibited selective histamine release, i.e., cold, brief heating of the mast cells, N-ethylmaleimide and ninhydrin. 48/80 did not agument uptake of M-129 in rat erythrocytes or in rat serous fluid cells from which mast cells had been removed. M-129 taken up by mast cells was readily removed by two to three washes. Augmented uptake induced by 48/80 was specific for M-129 and acridone itself. Related compounds, i.e., a quaternary acridone derivative [10-(2 triethylaminoethyl)-9-acridone iodide] (M-231), acridine and acridan did not show augmented uptake. There was no relationship between heptane-water partition coefficients and uptake. It is postulated, based on estimates of cell membrane area, that M-129 is loosely bound to plasma membrane and that the augmented uptake associated with selective histamine release from rat mast cells is due to expanded plasma membrane that results from irreversible or slowly reversible exocytosis. PMID- 47390 TI - The cyclical variation in the percentage of ciliated cells in the normal human endometrium. AB - The percentage of ciliated cells in the luminal and glandular epithelia of endometrial samples from sixty-eight normal women has been studied. Although the concentration of ciliated cells found in the luminal epithelium tended to lag behind and below those found in the glandular epithelium, no significant difference was found between the absolute percentages of ciliated cells in each site. The number of ciliated cells increased during the proliferative phase to reach a maximum of around 20%. This was maintained during the ovulatory phase, and then declined. The hormonal basis of this variation is discussed. PMID- 47391 TI - A simple method for the preparation of luminal epithelial and stromal cells from rat uterus. AB - An apparatus and procedure is described permitting the ready separation of luminal epithelial and stromal cells (together with the glands) from the rat uterus. PMID- 47392 TI - Development and function of subclasses of T cells. PMID- 47393 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of a neural tube defect: Meckel syndrome. AB - A severe neural tube defect diagnosed in a 191/2-week-old "at risk" fetus on the evidence of a markedly elevated alpha-fetoprotein level in the amniotic fluid, turned out to be an occipital myelocoele. However, the fetus also had polycystic kidneys and postaxial hexadactyly on all extremities. The karyotype was normal. These are the features of the rare Meckel syndrome, caused by a pleiotropic, autosomal, recessive gene, and one and possibly two other sibs were also affected. PMID- 47394 TI - A case of hyalinosis cutis et mucosae (lipoid proteinosis of Urbach and Wiethe) with common ancestors in four remote generations. AB - We report a case of hyalinosis cutis et mucosae, a rare disorder of hyalin deposition in skin and mucous membranes, in a 27-year-old male, whose coefficient of inbreeding was 0-0106 due to seven common ancestors, including an aunt of an early American president, in the eight preceding generations. PMID- 47395 TI - Giemsa banding of chromosome 1gh+ and linkage analysis. AB - A four-generation transmission of 1qh+ chromosome was ascertained by routine chromosome analysis of a mildly dysmorphic and retarded 61/2-year-old female. Concordance between synophrys and the 1qh+ marker was the only consistent phenotypic relationship. The variant chromosome did not appear uncoiled, and Giemsa centromeric staining (C-bands) revealed an increased width of the heterochromatin commensurate with the increased length of the long arm. Giemsa banding of the entire chromosome (G-bands) revealed two heterochromatin bands, identical in appearance, in the centromeric region with the remainder of the chromosome showing normal banding. The distribution of Duffy blood groups in the pedigree was consistent with the locus being on chromosome No. 1. PMID- 47396 TI - Deletion of the short arm of chromosome No. 10. AB - A newborn male infant, whose karyotype was 46,XY,del(10)(p13) is presented. The clinical features included cleft lip and palate, preauricular pits, low set malpositioned auricles, antimongoloid slant of the eyes, microcephaly, micrognathia, congenital heart disease, hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, cryptorchidism, and abnormal dermatoglyphics. The child died at the age of 3 months in overwhelming urinary infection with septicemic complications. It is suggested that the features described here may represent a new, clinically recognizable chromosomal syndrome. PMID- 47397 TI - Correlation analysis of electrical noise in lipid bilayer membranes: kinetics of gramicidin A channels. AB - If a membrane contains ion-conducting channels which form and disappear in a random fashion, an electric current which is passed through the membrane under constant voltage shows statistical fluctuations. Information on the kinetics of channel formation and on the conductance of the single channel may be obtained by analyzing the electrical noise generated in a membrane containing a great number of channels. For this purpose the autocorrelation function of the current noise is measured at different concentrations of the channel-forming substance. As a test system for the application of this technique we have used lipid bilayer membranes doped with gramicidin A. From the correlation time of the current noise generated by the membrane, the rate constants of formation (k-R) and dissociation (k-D) of the channels could be determined. In addition, the mean square of the current fluctuations yielded the single-channel conductance lambda. The values of k-R, k-D, and lambda obtained from the noise analysis agreed closely with the values determined by relaxation measurments and single-channel experiments. PMID- 47398 TI - Biochemical properties of a hamster syncytium-forming ("foamy") virus. AB - A hamster syncytium-forming ("foamy") virus (HFV) was characterized. The HFV sedimented in isopyknic sucrose density gradients at 1.16-1.165 g/ml. It had RNA but no DNA, its replication was inhibited by actinomycin D, and it contained virion-associated, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. Analysis of the RNA from purified virus showed several species: 62S, 40S, 28-30S, 18-20S, and 4-7S. PMID- 47400 TI - Letter: Polyvinyl chloride. PMID- 47399 TI - Development of hepatocellular carcinomas in rats treated with benzene hexachloride. AB - The effects of prolonged oral administration of the alpha-, beta-, and gamma isomers of benzene hexachloride (BHC) on rat liver were examined histologically. Well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas were observed in the liver of rats fed a basal diet containing 1,500 or 1,000 parts per million (ppm) of alpha-BHC for 72 weeks. Many typical nodular hyperplasias developed in all groups given 1,500 or 1,000 ppm alpha-BHC. In non-neoplastic areas, slight oval cell infiltration and bile duct proliferation were seen. No neoplastic changes or other abnormal findings, such as oval cell infiltration, fatty changes, fibrosis, or bile duct proliferation of the liver, were observed in groups receiving 500 ppm alpha-, beta-, gamma-, or gamma-BHC. PMID- 47401 TI - Subsequent neoplasia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - We performed a retrospective analysis of all 102 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated by the Hematology Service of the University of Manitoba from Jan 1, 1955, to April 1, 1974. The incidence of secondary cancer was compared with that in the Cancer Registry population of Manitoba of the same age and sex distribution. The risk of all cancers developing in patients with CLL was threefold that for the age- and sex-matched population, eightfold for skin cancers, and twofold for all cancers excluding skin cancer. PMID- 47403 TI - Letter:Staining of iron. PMID- 47402 TI - Acute viral hepatitis in adults. Comparison of the radioimmunoassay and counterimmunoelectrophoresis methods of detecting HbsAg. AB - We compared the radioimmunoassay (RIA) and counterimmunoelectrophoretic (CIE) methods in detecting hepatitis B antigen (HBsAG) in 407 acute and 336 convalescent sera of adults with viral hepatitis. The CIE method demonstrated that 41% of acute and 28% of 14-to 17-day serum specimens were HBsAg-positive. The RIA method demonstrated seropositivity in 60% of acute and 56% of convalescent specimens (P less than .001). Eighty-four percent of coded specimens initially positive for HBsAg by RIA were found to have subtype antigenic determinants d or y; 92% of the HBsAg-negative controls were negative for subtype antigens, confirming the specificity of the RIA test. RIA subtyping data corroborated earlier work with immunodiffusion techniques. PMID- 47404 TI - Palliative irradiation for liver metastases. AB - Eleven patients underwent palliative irradiation for symptomatic liver metastases. The whole liver is included in the radiation field. The treatment is given with a cobalt teletherapy unit. Daily doses are 150 rads calculated in the midliver plane. The total dose employed is 2,500 rads given in a three-week period. Eight patients had good response, two moderate response, and one patient failed to respond to treatment. Liver function studies and liver scans also reflected the treatment response. All patients tolerated the treatment and no deaths were attributed to liver irradiation. The impression is that radiation therapy is valuable for the treatment of symptomatic liver metastases in the young patient who does not have a terminal condition. PMID- 47405 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease. An immunological relationship between the polysaccharide of group A streptococcus and the glycoprotein of heart valve. AB - The immunization of rabbits with bovine heart valve homogenates induced the formation of antibody which reacted with CTC soluble extracts and also proteolytic enzyme treated fractions. Analysis by fractionation of materials revealed 2 peaks and both peaks contain monosaccharides. The first peak was more antigenic to anti-valvular sera. The cross-reactivity between the valvular glycoprotein and group A streptococcal polysaccharides was confirmed by the immunological inhibition tests. Widespread deposits of gamma globin were observed in valve of patients with recurrent rheumatic valvulitis who has valve replacement. This work was performed under scientific-grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Education. Portions of this study were presented at the 38th annual meeting of the Japanese Circulation Society, Yamaguchi, April, 1974. PMID- 47406 TI - Studies on myocarditis in childhood, with special reference to the possible role of immunological process and the thymus in the chronicity of the disease. AB - Twenty-one cases of idiopathic myocarditis were studied. Fulminant form 1 case, acute fatal form 2 cases, acute benign form 4 cases, recurrent form 1 case. Chronic dilated form 2 cases progressive hypertrophy form 2 cases and asymptomatic and sudden death form was 10 cases. Clinical signs and symptoms of these cases were manifold. Also laboratory findings were nonspecific. Ten cases of latent myocarditis which showed sudden death syndrome were found among 47 cases, progressive hypertrophy form 2 cases and children. Early detection of latent myocarditis is considered to be necessary for preventing sudden death syndrome in school children. The relationship between cardiomyopathy and idiopathic myocarditis was discussed. Two cases of idiopathic myocarditis simulating cardiomyopathy were presented. The pathogenesis of chronicity in idiopathic myocarditis was discussed. Bound gammaglobulin in heart muscle was detected in a case showing progressive hypertrophy of the ventricles. Autopsy results showed a previously undescribed finding that the cases having normal thymus/body weight ratio tended to have markedly increased heart weight but the cases having increased thymus/body weight ratio tended to have near normal heart weight. These results are considered to suggest the possible role of immunity in the chronicity of idiopathic myocarditis. PMID- 47407 TI - Juvenile papilloma of the larynx treated by local injection of bleomycin. PMID- 47408 TI - [Dynamics of the content of serum alpha2-macroglobulin and the condition of the trypsin-trypsin inhibitor system in different forms of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 47409 TI - [The single child (author's transl)]. AB - Single children are in a special situation which tends to disturbances of behavior and psychosomatic reactions. They are often symbiotic children with mainly anxiety symptoms. A narcissistic link between mother and single child renders the necessary detachment and achievement of identity more difficult. Psychodiagnosis provides important clues. The doctor has duties of advice and education for mother and child which have already been pointed out by v. Czerny. Success of psychotherapy achieving maturation of such children is often likely only if both mother and child are treated simultaneously. PMID- 47410 TI - [The diagnostic value of cytology of the CSF (author's transl)]. AB - Cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid needs special techniques of cell collecting and staining. On condition of realizing the methodical requirements cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid brings more advancement in diagnostics than other laboratory examinations. The advantages of this procedure are: 1. Meningitis, meningoencephalitis, and subarachnoidal hemorrhage can be immediately diagnosed by cytological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. In cases of encephalitis cytological findings depend on the extend of the inflammatory process and its distance from the cerebrospinal fluid compartement. Absence of tumor cells in preparations of cerebrospinal fluid cannot exclude primary or secundary brain tumors. 2. Cytological examination enables a better insight into the dynamics of cellular reactions proceeding in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as in its enlining tissues. PMID- 47412 TI - Light-microscopical demonstration of different cell membrane structures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBI). AB - Labelling of membrane structures in human peripheral blood lymphocytes is achieved by a Fe-(III)-hydroxide-glycane-complex. According to the distribution of labelled structures, coarse-granular clustered (about 80%) and fine-granular diffuse marked peripheral blood lymphocytes can be distinguished. Each of these populations seems to have morphologically discernible subpopulations. PMID- 47411 TI - [The lymphocyte cytotoxicity test in tumor immunology (author's transl)]. AB - The cytotoxic action of lymphocytes on cancer cells in vitro indicates sensitization of the patient against his own tumor. The technical difficulities of this test and possibilities of standardization and simplifying the procedure are discussed. Critical steps are isolation of lymphocytes and culturing target cells without loosing their specific antigenic structure. The need for specificity controls both for lymphocytes and tumor cells is emphasized. Labelling tumor cells with isotopes represents a major improvement in evaluating the result. The role of thymus- and bone marrow-dependent lymphocytes as well as blocking factors in the serum of tumor patients can be analyzed in the cytotoxic assay. A better understanding of these mechanisms may facilitate a therapeutic approach by manipulating the interaction of tumor cells and host. PMID- 47413 TI - [Effect of mechanical vibration on the surface properties of gamma globulin]. PMID- 47414 TI - [Diseases of the prostate]. PMID- 47415 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of anencephalus and spina bifida by determination of alphafetoprotein]. PMID- 47416 TI - Blood and Urinary nicotine in non-smokers. AB - Of 39 urban non-smokers about half had measurable quantities of nicotine in their plasma (range 0 to 5times5 ng. per ml.) and almost all had nicotine in their urine during the early afternoon. The average concentration of urinary nicotine in non-smokers under natural conditions was 10times7 ng. per ml., but after deliberate exposure to tobacco smoke (mean duration seventy-eight minutes) in an unventilated room (38 p.p.m. of carbon monoxide) the average urinary nicotine level (80 ng. per ml.) was significantly higher than in non-smokers who had not been deliberately exposed to smoke (P less than 0times 001). Under natural conditions there was no overlap between the urine levels of non-smokers and the far higher levels of 18 smokers (mean 1236 ng. per ml.), suggesting that urinary nicotine may provide a more accurate assessment of an individual's smoking-status than blood-carboxyhaemoglobin. It is concluded that, as a result of passive smoking, most urban non-smokers have measurable amounts of nicotine in their bodyfluids for most of their lives. PMID- 47417 TI - Rubella-specific serum and nasopharygeal immunoglobulin responses following naturally acquired and vaccine-induced infection. Prolonged persistence of virus specific IgM. AB - Rubella-specific immunoglobulin responses in sera and nasopharyngeal secretions were compared in groups of adult females who had experienced naturally acquired rubella or infection induced by Cendehill, HPV77.DE-5, RA27/3 (subcutaneously and intranasally), and To-336 vaccines. Serum IgG and IgA and nasopharyngeal IgA responses after vaccination by RA27/3 intranasally most closely resembled those induced by naturally acquired infection. However, the other vaccines failed to induce a persistent local IgA response. Levels of local antibody induced by HPV77.DE-5 were especially poor. Virus-specific IgM was detected for prolonged periods. The highest levels and the most persistent response followed vaccination by HPV77.DE-5, four of five volunteers still having rubella-specific IgM at 1 year. Virus-specific IgM persisted for 6 months in seventeen of twenty-five (68%) and for a year in nine of twenty-four (38%) vaccinees. It was still present in four of nine (44%) naturally infected patients at a year. PMID- 47418 TI - Persistence of specific IgM after natural infection with rubella virus. AB - Levels of specific IgM antibody in thirteen cases of rubella were determined at intervals during the year after the illness. Persistence of IgM varied; in one patient it was no longer detectable at 23 days, but in two it was still detectable more than 10 months after the acute infection. Thus the mere finding of rubella-specific IgMin the blood does not indicate the timing of the acute episode any more accurately than some time within the previous 10-12 months. PMID- 47419 TI - Neglected coeliac disease. AB - A review has been carried out of patients diagnosed as having coeliac disease some years previously and subsequently lost to follow-up. Most were unaware of the need for continuing treatment and had returned to a normal diet. The resulting morbidity was slight, although one patient had died of a small-bowel lymphoma. If untreated coeliac disease is indeed a pre-malignant condition, then it is suggested that there must be a large population at risk, with no motivation to return to treatment other than the risk of malignancy itself. PMID- 47420 TI - Severe viral hepatitis type B in infancy;. AB - Fourteen infants aged from 2 to 5 months were admitted to hospital with acute viral hepatitis. Their clinical presentation ranged from severe disease to fulminant hepatitis. In all patients the prothrombin-time was 10% or less of normal and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and bilirubin were increased. In eight cases liver-biopsy specimens were obtained during liver failure and showed a widespread necrosis without inflammatory cells. Hepatitis-B-surface antigen (HBSAg) and antibody (HBSAb) were sought by several techniques, including passive haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay. Hepatitis was associated with hepatitis-B virus in eleven out of fourteen patients as judged by the detection of HBSAg and/or a secondary rise in HBSAb. In eight cases, the infants had received blood derivatives in the neonatal period. The mothers of five of the remaining cases were found to be chronic carriers of HBSAg. Despite intensive supportive therapy, including repeated exchange transfusions and administration of anti-HBS gamma globulins (six cases), eight patients died. These cases demonstrate that severe or fulminant type-B hepatitis can develop in infants, who are capable of completely eliminating the hepatitis-B virus. They also suggest that severe hepatitis can result from maternal contamination. PMID- 47421 TI - Surgical and economic advantages of polyglycolic-acid suture material in skin closure. AB - A prospective, randomised trial compared polygycolic-acid subcuticular skin closure with interrupted silk skin closure in 152 patients. There was no significant difference in the incidence of wound infection. The use of polyglycolic acid was associated with economic advantages. PMID- 47422 TI - Common variable immunodeficiency, Hodgkin's disease, and other malignancies in a Newfoundland family. AB - A large inbred family is described in which there were seven cases of Hodgkin's disease, three of lymphosarcoma, two of thymoma, two of common variable immunodeficiency, and single cases of retinoblastoma, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. There have been no other lymphoma cases in the community during the past decade. Further study of this family may help to define the genetic basis for development of Hodgkin's disease and other disorders. PMID- 47423 TI - Selective planned induction in conditions of civil strife. AB - Selective planned induction may be defined as the initiation of labour by artificial means for reasons not strictly medical. Where the indications are merely social or for conveniencewhether patient's, hospital's, or doctor'sit is doubtful that the procedure is acceptable until we have more detailed knowledge of its effects on the mother and fetus. However, the civil strife that occurred in Belfast in 1972 provided conditions in which the present study of the technique seemed justified. The results suggest that, provided the selection criteria are sufficiently rigorous and meticulously applied, there are no serious maternal risks. The main fetal risk is of unexpected prematurity; this can be avoided, but the precautions applied in this preliminary study reduced significantly the number of patients for whom the method could be used. A second series, with controls and using less rigorous selection criteria, is at present being studied. PMID- 47424 TI - Slow encephalopathies, inflammatory responses and arachis oil. AB - There is much interest in the possibility that diets rich in some plant oils may be of prophylactic and curative value in certain clinical conditions. This is generally attributed to the immunosuppressive effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Arachis (peanut) oil injections can increase the incubation period of experimental scrapie in mice. In the late 1950s several workers showed that arachis and some other oils contained very potent anti-inflammatory components quite apart from the polyunsaturated fatty acids. This suggests that the supposed efficacy of these acids in some clinical situations could be due to trace substances rather than the lipid itself and that the apparent ability of scrapie agents to use the host's lymphoreticular system as a Trojan horse may involve elements of the inflammatory system rather than the B/T cell immune system. PMID- 47425 TI - Polymyositis and myasthenia gravis: immunodeficiency disorders involving skeletal muscle. AB - Human polymyositis and aspects of myasthenia gravis may be consequences of subtle immunodeficiency states. Autoimmune processes leading to inflammatory muscle disease and the presence of associated tumours may reflect the partial loss of antibody-mediated homoeostatic mechanisms. PMID- 47426 TI - Prevention of peroperative pressure-sores during pelvic surgery. PMID- 47427 TI - Ruler for measuring physiological tracings with a variable standard. PMID- 47428 TI - Editorial: Acute pancreatitis. PMID- 47429 TI - Editorial: A chink of light. PMID- 47430 TI - Editorial: Unilateral glomerulonephritis. PMID- 47431 TI - Editorial: Cold hypersensitivity. PMID- 47432 TI - Editorial: Immunological start to atherosclerosis? PMID- 47433 TI - Editorial: Methadone maintenance. PMID- 47434 TI - Editorial: Blood-alcohol in dead drivers. PMID- 47435 TI - Mortality committee as an educational and administrative tool. AB - The establishment of a mortality committee as an educational exercise in a general hospital in rural Kenya was found to have widespread implications. Its findings led to an expansion of the community health services based on the hospital. Within the hospital it resulted in extensive alterations in routine procedures, plant, equipment, and a redeployment of staff. PMID- 47436 TI - Future prospects for British graduates and the health service. AB - What are the prospects, in the National Health Service, for the increasing output of British medical schools? A comparison of the numbers of training and career posts likely to be available in N.H.S. hospitals with the probable requirements of British graduates seeking training suggests that the supply of senior-house officer and registrar posts will far exceed the demand, so that dependence on overseas doctors is likely to continue. The number of senior-registrar posts should ensure that the present percentage of graduates become consultants, but available consultant posts seem likely to exceed the output of qualified applicants. The only grade for which demand looks likely to exceed supply is the compulsory preregistration grade: in three years' time medical-school output could be greater than the number of approved posts. PMID- 47437 TI - Letter: Lithium, calcium, and mental illness. PMID- 47438 TI - Letter: Lithium in depression;. PMID- 47439 TI - Letter: Effect of lithium on magnesium-dependent enzymes. PMID- 47440 TI - Letter: Induction of labour. PMID- 47441 TI - Letter: What is acetaminophen? PMID- 47442 TI - Letter: The consultants' contract. PMID- 47443 TI - Letter: Mitochondria, autoimmunity, and oncogenesis. PMID- 47444 TI - Letter: Doctors with a drinking problem. PMID- 47445 TI - Letter: The time dimension of the gene. PMID- 47446 TI - Letter: Assessment of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation. PMID- 47447 TI - Letter: Composition of intracellular flush solutions for hypothermic kidney storage. PMID- 47448 TI - Letter: High T-cell counts in chronic lymphatic leukaemia. PMID- 47449 TI - Letter: Blood-lead analyses. PMID- 47450 TI - Letter: Sex-chromosome loss in human tumours. PMID- 47451 TI - Letter: T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 47452 TI - Letter: What becomes of the XYY male? PMID- 47453 TI - Letter: Injury to large lymphoid cells in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 47454 TI - Letter: Hodgkin's disease in physicians. PMID- 47455 TI - Letter: Surface characteristics of Hodgkin's lymphoma cells. PMID- 47456 TI - Letter: Obesity and coronary heart-disease. PMID- 47457 TI - Letter: Fat cells in childhood obesity. PMID- 47458 TI - Letter: Coalworker's pneumoconiosis and carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 47459 TI - Letter: Anaemia during pregnancy. PMID- 47460 TI - Letter: N.B.T. test and endotoxaemia. PMID- 47461 TI - Letter: Nitroblue-tetrazolium tests. PMID- 47462 TI - Letter: Dobutamine. PMID- 47463 TI - Letter: Treatment of acromegaly. PMID- 47464 TI - Letter: Medicine in the Open University. PMID- 47465 TI - Letter: Commerical haemagglutination tests for hepatitis-B antigen. PMID- 47466 TI - Letter: The many causes of "idiopathic" scoliosis. PMID- 47467 TI - Letter: Autoantigenicity of subcellular membranes. PMID- 47468 TI - Letter: Treatment of malignant haemopathies and urate oxidase. PMID- 47469 TI - Letter: Closure of St. Wulstan's hospital. PMID- 47470 TI - Letter: Home treatment for haemophilia. PMID- 47471 TI - Letter: Yersinia enterocolitica infection and thyroid disorders. PMID- 47472 TI - Letter: Understanding and presenting variation. PMID- 47473 TI - Letter: Acute oliguric glomerulonephritis. PMID- 47474 TI - Letter: Feto-fetal transfusion and single umbilical artery. PMID- 47475 TI - Letter: Side-effect of thiocarbamides. PMID- 47476 TI - Letter: Febrile convulsions and pink drumheads. PMID- 47477 TI - Letter: Parvovirus-like particles in human sera. PMID- 47478 TI - Letter: Vagotomy. PMID- 47479 TI - Peter Alexander Kennedy. PMID- 47480 TI - Medicine and health: What connection? AB - In most countries resources for the health services are allocated, increasingly and often overwhelmingly, to hosptial-oriented medical care and drug-dependent therapy. The assumption that community health will thereby be improved remains questionable even in developed countries, and is insupportable in developing countries. Technical advances and specialisation in medical sciences are now counterproductive by pre-empting limited resources and obscuring basic needs. To re-establish proportionality, priority should be accorded to: (a) application of proven preventive procedures for hazards of high prevalence, including excessive population growth; (b) improvements in housing and sanitation; and (c) extension of primary care by medical and other staff specially trained in the early recognition and management of personal complaints and of family and community problems. PMID- 47481 TI - Neuropsychological dysfunction in children with chronic low-level lead absorption. AB - To investigate the relation between low-level absorption and neuropsychological function, blind evaluations were under-taken in forty-six symptom-free children aged 3-15 years with blood-lead concentrations of 40-68 mug. per 100 ml. (mean 48 mug. per 100 ml.) and in seventy-eight ethnically and socioeconomically similar controls with levels greater than mug. per 100 ml. (mean 27 mug. per (100 ml). All children lived within 6-6 km. of a large, lead-emitting smelter, and in many cases residence there had been lifelong. Mean age in the lead group was 8-3 years and in the controls 9-3. Testing with Wechsler intelligence scales for schoolchildren and preschool children (W.I.S.C. and W.P.P.S.I.) showed age adjusted performance I.Q. to be significantly decreased in the group with higher lead levels (mean scores, W.I.S.C. plus W.P.P.S.I., 95 v. 103). Children in all ages in the lead group also had significant slowing in a finger-wrist tapping test. Full-scale I.Q., verbal I.Q., BEHAVIOUR, AND HYPERACTIVITY RATINGS DID NOT DIFFER. PMID- 47482 TI - Relation of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins to thyroid function and effects of surgery, radioiodine, and antithyroid drugs. AB - Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (T.S.I.) have been detected in the serum of all patients with untreated Graves' disease, and in these patients the levels of T.S.I. correlated significantly with the early uptake of 131I by the thyroid. The frequency of T.S.I. in patients treated solely by antithyroid drugs, by radioiodine, or by partial thyroidectomy was 53 per cent, 50 per cent, and 17 per cent, respectively. The reduced frequency of T.S.I. in the serum of patients treated by drugs or radioiodine was probably due to spontaneous remission, but in the case of partial thyroidectomy the operation itself clearly had a dramatic effect on the serum-T.S;I. These results accorded well with the reported frequency of thyroid autonomy in similar groups of patients and suggested that thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins were responsible for hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease. PMID- 47483 TI - Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type B possessing a TEM-type beta lactamase but little permeability barrier to ampicillin. AB - Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type B have been reported only during the past year. Five clinical isolates from the U.S. and Germany all had the TEM type beta-lactamase which is known to be transferred widely among other gram negative bacilli. Unlike those bacilli, however, the H. influenzae cell had very little barrier to entry of penicillins. This greater permeability of the H. influenzae cell to penicillins appeared to reduce the protective effect of its beta-lactamase, in that acquisition of the TEM-type beta-lactamase increased levels of resistance to penicillins much less for individual cells of H. influenzae than for those of Escherichia coli. Large inocula of either species appeared highly resistant. The unusually low level of resistance of individual cells of H. influenzae containing the TEM-type beta-lactamase may have delayed their emergence or recognition, and has unresolved clinical implications. PMID- 47484 TI - Treatment of osteolytic myelomatosis with mithramycin. AB - The treatment of rapidly progressive skeletal demineralisation in myelomatosis has been studied with the help of metabolic calcium balance in two patients; In one, osteoporosis accelerated during treatment with melphalan and prednisolone, although he remained normocalcaemic throughout, suggesting that osteoporosis was aggravated by corticosteroid therapy. In the other patient, who was initially hypercalcaemic, conventional treatment produced clinical remission before eventual relapse with more hypercalcaemia and skeletal dissolution. Both patients were then treated with mithramycin alone, and, although neither obtained haematological remission, bone pain was relieved, hypercalciuria and hypercalcaemia were abolished, and calcium balances proved that mithramycin was effective in restoring calcium equilibrium. The results indicate that mithramycin may abolish excessive bone resorption in myelomatosis and that severe bone dissolution may occur in the absence of hypercalcaemia. Regular determination of 24-hour urinary calcium excretion as well as of plasma-calcium is important in monitoring process. Mithramycin should be considered in the early treatment not only of hypercalcaemia but also of severe hypercalciuria, if these complications do not rapidly remit during the first course of conventional myeloma therapy, with or without steroids. Finally, these results add to evidence that a humoral factor may be responsible for osteoclast stimulation in myelomatosis. PMID- 47485 TI - Insulin, plasma aminoacid imbalance, and hepatic coma. AB - It is proposed that severe impairment of liver function in cirrhosis or portacaval shunt results in unrestricted entry of insulin into the peripheral circulation. The ensuing high level of insulin promotes excessive removal of the branched-chain aminoacids by muscle, thereby lowering the plasma levels of these aminoacids. In consequence, the competitive action of the branched-chain aminoacids on the entry of tryptophan into the brain is reduced, more tryptophan enters the brain, and serotonin is synthesised in excess, thus facilitating hepatic coma. PMID- 47486 TI - The role of lipid in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. AB - An experimental model of atherosclerosis sheep veins identical to the human disease indicates (i) that ingestion of an atherogenic diet is not a prerequistie in atherosclerosis and (ii) that haemodynamic stress must be the dominant aetiological factor in atherosclerosis. Ultrastructural studies reveal that the early lipid deposition in spontaneous human atherosclerosis and in haemodynamically induced atherosclerosis is related to the trasnformation of extracellular vesicular debris into closely packed membranous profiles with electron-translucent centres. It is postulated that the vesicular dtsintegration of mural cells is due to the same haemodynamic stresses which induce degenerative changes in the vascular connective tissues, and that the lipid accumulation within the vesicular disintegration of mural cells is due to the same haemodynamic stresses which induce degenerative changes in the vascular connective tissues, and that the lipid accumulation within the vesicular debris is a cellular debris which have not undergone resolution or phagocytosis. PMID- 47487 TI - Measurement of low concentrations of halothane in the atmosphere using a portable detector. PMID- 47489 TI - Editorial: Open or closed? PMID- 47488 TI - Editorial: Fiar, fat, and flatulent. PMID- 47490 TI - Editorial: Lassa or Marburg or Jo'burg. PMID- 47491 TI - Editorial: Computers now. PMID- 47492 TI - Editorial: Naloxone. PMID- 47493 TI - Editorial: An acquired taste. PMID- 47494 TI - Needle biopsy for muscle chemistry. AB - Needle biopsy can readily provide samples of human skeletal muscle for biochemical analysis. Muscle metabolites are measured by enzymic microanalytical techniques and electrolytes by neutron-activation analysis. This paper summarises the methods of analysis, gives the normal ranges for muscle contents of metabolites and electrolytes, and reviews the reported changes in a number of neuromuscular and metabolic disorders. Muscle is a fairly homogeneous tissue in health, but replacement with fat and fibrous tissue in myopathies causes error in analyses unless metabolites are referred to a reliable standard. It is recommended that needle-biopsy samples to be freeze-dried and dissected to remove connective tissue before analysis. Total creatine (phosphorylcreatine+free creatine) total adenosine+inosine nucleotides, and potassium and phosphorus separtely correlated very highly with sample dry weight after dissection, suggesting that these may be used as standards. When assessing whether a given metabolite is present in an abnormal amount, it is probaby advisable to check the content with reference to more than one standard, since one or more of these may be changed in disease. PMID- 47495 TI - Letter: The pineal gland: Another perspective. PMID- 47496 TI - Letter: Vagotomy. PMID- 47497 TI - Letter: Fractolol and sclerosing peritonitis. PMID- 47498 TI - Letter: Practolol and migraine. PMID- 47499 TI - Letter: Hypokalaemia and digoxin-induced arrhythmias. PMID- 47500 TI - Letter: Temporary paralysis after infection by respiratory syncytial virus. PMID- 47501 TI - Letter: Treatment of maturity-onset diabetes. PMID- 47502 TI - Letter: Naming viruses. PMID- 47503 TI - Discrepancy between solution and bioavailability of digoxin tablets. PMID- 47504 TI - Letter: Discrepancy between solution and bioavailability of digoxin tablets. PMID- 47505 TI - Letter: Primary prevention. PMID- 47506 TI - Letter: Screening for neural-tube defects. PMID- 47507 TI - Letter: Self-recording of blood-pressure. PMID- 47508 TI - Letter: Chloroguine and HBs-Ag carrier status. PMID- 47509 TI - Letter: Infectivity of blood containing hepatitis-B antibody. PMID- 47510 TI - Letter: T and B lymphocytes in spleens of patients with malignant diseases. PMID- 47511 TI - Letter: T and B lymphocytes in spleen in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 47512 TI - Letter: Surface characteristics of Hodgkin's cells. PMID- 47513 TI - Letter: Hairy cells in culture. PMID- 47515 TI - Letter: The consultants' contract. PMID- 47514 TI - Letter: Levamisole. PMID- 47516 TI - Letter: diogenes syndrome. PMID- 47517 TI - Letter: Person to-person transmission of enteric bacterial infection. PMID- 47518 TI - Letter: Blood-lead levels, behaviour and intelligence. PMID- 47519 TI - Letter: Chronic pancreatitis and sclerosing cholangitis. PMID- 47520 TI - Letter: Duration of breast-feeding. PMID- 47521 TI - Letter: Present-day practice in infant feeding. PMID- 47522 TI - Letter: Falling maternal age and incidence of down syndrome. PMID- 47523 TI - Letter: Short-course triple chemotherapy for tuberculosis. PMID- 47524 TI - Letter: Does T4-toxicosis exist. PMID- 47525 TI - Letter: Epsilon-aminocaproic acid in haematuria. PMID- 47526 TI - Letter: Counterimmunoelectrophoresis in diagnosis of hydatid disease. PMID- 47527 TI - Letter: Diphasic dyskinesia during levodopa therapy. PMID- 47528 TI - Alfred Brian Taylor. PMID- 47529 TI - Bruno Gans. PMID- 47530 TI - Federick Charles Pybus. PMID- 47531 TI - The two anatomies. PMID- 47532 TI - Association of foot lesions with retinopathy in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes. AB - A proportion of newly diagnosed diabetic patients have features so characteristic that they form a distinct syndrome. The patients are predominantly male and present with a foot lesion which is often long established. They are subsequently found to have diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy. In addition, many of them manifest a striking indifference towards their illness. 47 such patients have been seen between the years 1960-1969 at a diabetic clinic in Birmingham which saw a total of 6451 newly diagnosed patients in the same period. 26 of the 45 patients in whom follow-up was complete have died. The present state of health of the 19 surviving patients indicated that the prognosis is poor for patients who have retinopathy and foot lesions when diabetes is diagnosed. PMID- 47533 TI - Islet-cell antibodies in juvenile diabetes mellitus of recent onset. AB - Antibodies reacting with human pancreatic islet cells were found by immunofluorescence in the sera of 51 of 105 children with diabetes mellitus of recent onset. These antibodies were of IgG class, and several of them fixed complement and reacted with pancreatic islets of other species. Thyroid microsomal and/or gastric-parietal-cell antibodies were found in only 10 of the patients with islet-cell antibodies, and none of them had adrenal antibodies. These findings contrast with previous reports which have stressed the rarity of islet-cell antibodies in adult diabetics and their occurrence only in patients with other evidence of autoimmune disease. PMID- 47534 TI - Increased incidence of malignancy during chronic renal failure. AB - The incidence of cancer in 646 dialysis/transplant patients before uraemia developed, during the period of progressive uraemia, and post-transplantation was compared. 10 tumours (3 breast, 2 kidney, 1 leukaemia, 1 lung, 1 insulinoma, 1 thyroid, 1 cervix in situ) developed in 9 patients during the period of progressive uraemia, a significant increase over the expected number in the age matched general population. 6 of these patients have received transplants and have no evidence of recurrent disease 6 months to 4 years post-transplantation. 11 de-novo tumours have developed in 530 transplant recipients (4 cervix in situ, 2 skin, 2 reticulum-cell sarcoma, 1 lip, 1 dysgerminoma, 1 colon)--a significant increase over the age-matched general population. The cancers in the uraemic patients are relatively common types of mesenchymal tumours while the cancers in the transplant recipients are epithelial and lymphoproliferative. This difference may reflect the presence of the graft in the transplant patient or may be due to different patterns of immunosuppression in these two populations. PMID- 47535 TI - Direct inhibition of gastric acid by growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone in dogs. AB - To find out if growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone (G.H.-R.I.H.) had any direct action on gastric acid production independent of its effect on gastrin release, cyclic G.H.-R.I.H. was infused at a rate of 20 mug. per kg. per hour into dogs with gastric fistulae. Gastric acid output fell sharply in response to three stimuli acid production--a meal and pentagastrin and histamine infusions. The fact that acid output was inhibited during pentagastrin administration suggests that G.H.-R.I.H. has a direct action on the gastric parietal cell. PMID- 47536 TI - Direct inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion by growth-hormone release inhibiting hormone in cats. AB - Growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone (G.H.-R.I.H.) inhibited gastric acid and pepsin secretion in response to pentagastrin and food stimulation in cats. This effect is mediated by a direct action on the parietal and peptic cells. No evidence of a post-inhibitory acid or pepsin secretory rebound was obtained. Thus a compound of hypothalamic origin can exert a direct effect on exocrine secretion. In view of its widespread actions and its presence in relatively high concentrations in various organs apart from the hypothalamus, G.H.-R.I.H. might also be regarded as a factor responsible for local coordination of endocrine and exocrine secretion. PMID- 47537 TI - Narcotic analgesics and delayed gastric emptying during labour. AB - The rate of gastric emptying in women during labour was estimated indirectly from the kinetics of absorption of orally administered paracetamol (acetaminophen). Gastric emptying was normal in patients who had not received a narcotic analgesic but was markedly delayed in women given pethidine, diamorphine, or pentazocine. The inhibitory effect of diamorphine and pethidine on gastric emptying was not reversed by metoclopramide. PMID- 47538 TI - Effect on cytotoxicity antibodies in potential transplant recipients of leucocyte poor blood-transfusion. AB - In a controlled clinical trail, 40 uraemic patients received only leucocyte-poor blood (L.P.B.) while 30 uraemic controls received whole blood and ordinary packed red blood-cells (R.B.C.). Alloimmunisation by HL-A antibodies was found in 15% of the study group and 52% of the control group. Thus, L.P.B. was significantly less likely to produce alloimmunisation than ordinary whole blood or R.B.C. transfusion. Frozen R.B.C may produce even less alloimmunisation, but the advantages of L.P.B. include lower cost, prolonged storage, and ready availability in emergencies. PMID- 47539 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to gliadin within the small-intestinal mucosa in coeliac disease. AB - In an attempt to demonstrate local cell-mediated immunity (C.M.I.) to gliadin in patients with coeliac disease, fragments of jejunal-biopsy specimens were cultured in the presence and absence of alpha-gliadin and the culture-medium was assayed for its capacity to inhibit migration of normal human peripheral-blood leucocytes (i.e., for a migration-inhibition factor [M.I.F.]). No M.I.F. activity was detected in the culture-medium when biopsy specimens from patients with coeliac disease or controls were cultured without added antigen. However, an M.I.F. was secreted into the culture-medium when biopsy specimens from patients with coeliac disease were cultured with alpha-gliadin. These findings suggest that there is a population of lymphocytes which are sensitised to gliadin in the intestinal mucosa of patients with untreated coeliac disease. They support the theory that a local C.M.I. reaction to gliadin may be the cause of villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia in coeliac disease. PMID- 47540 TI - Prostaglandins and obesity. AB - In metabolic obesity energy in triglyceride stores is not readily accessible, and lipolysis to free fatty acid and glycerol seems to be somehow restrained. In the normal situation, there is a balance between a forward reaction via cyclic A.M.P. ending in lipolysis and a negative-feedback mechanism in which prostaglandins participate. In metabolic obesity there may be a biochemical error leading to overproduction of prostaglandins; as a result the forward reaction is overwhelmed and lipolysis does not take place. Since prostaglandin antagonists and inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis are known, this hypothesis is not without therapeutic interest. PMID- 47541 TI - Editorial: Towards a reborn G.M.C. PMID- 47542 TI - Editorial: Copper and steely hair. PMID- 47543 TI - Editorial: The melancholy of anatomy. PMID- 47544 TI - Editorial: How safe is your safety cabinet? PMID- 47545 TI - Editorial: Drug interactions. PMID- 47546 TI - Editorial: X-ray safety. PMID- 47547 TI - Potential effect on coronary-heart-disease morbidity of lowering the blood cholesterol. AB - As a practical aid to physicians and patients facing the decision whether or not to embark upon a life-long lipid-lowering regimen in the hope of preventing coronary heart-disease, estimates have been made of the potential benefits to be gained from lowering the plasma-cholesterol over a period of 20 years. The estimates have been derived from analyses of experiences in the Framingham population study. The results suggest that if 100 men who are non-smokers, with normal blood-pressure and electrocardiogram, lower their plasma-cholesterol from 310 to 260 mg. per 100 ml. starting at 35 years of age, 6 could potentially benefit by avoiding a coronary incident, 94 would be likely to follow the regimen without apparent benefit, and 8 of these would have an attack within 20 years despite adherence to the regimen. The potential benefit is less for women and for those who start the regimen at an older age. It is greater if cholesterol is lowered further and if other risk factors are present: for instance, 29 of 100 men starting at age 35 who are ciagrette smokers with moderate hypertension and left-ventricular hypertrophy and who reduce their plasma-cholesterol concentration from 310 to 210 mg. per 100 ml. would benefit. PMID- 47548 TI - Outpatient surgery in a developing country. AB - 233 outpatient operations were performed under general anaesthesia on Nigerian patients whose selection was not influenced by adverse social circumstances. The complication-rate was similar to that found in comparable series from the United Kingdom. The incidence of wound infection was related to the age and social circumstances of the patient and was not affected by the type of hospital in which the operation was performed. PMID- 47549 TI - Letter: Biology, abortion, and ethics. PMID- 47550 TI - Letter: Elective induction of labour. PMID- 47551 TI - Letter: Corynebacterium parvum and anaesthetics. PMID- 47552 TI - Letter: Age-related changes in T and B cells. PMID- 47553 TI - Letter: T cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 47554 TI - Letter: Lymphocyte-dependent antibody crossmatching in kidney transplantation. PMID- 47555 TI - Letter: Whooping-cough vaccination. PMID- 47556 TI - Letter: Tests for immigrant doctors. PMID- 47557 TI - Letter: Medical audit. PMID- 47558 TI - Letter: Smoking and health. PMID- 47559 TI - Letter: Levamisole. PMID- 47560 TI - Letter: Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins. PMID- 47561 TI - Letter: Reovirus-like agent in Japanese infants with gastroenteritis. PMID- 47562 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of gallstone pancreatitis. PMID- 47563 TI - Letter: Kupffer cells and cirrhosis. PMID- 47564 TI - Letter: Minocycline activity against tetracycline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 47565 TI - Letter: Colony-stimulating capacity of cells of hairy-cell leukaemia. PMID- 47566 TI - Letter: Quality and quantity in chemical pathology. PMID- 47567 TI - Letter: Cell-surface structure in hairy-cell leukaemia. PMID- 47568 TI - Letter: Immunotherapy of warts. PMID- 47569 TI - Letter: Psychology in medical education. PMID- 47570 TI - Letter: Absence of effect of bran on blood-lipids. PMID- 47571 TI - Letter: Bowie and Dick test for autoclaves. PMID- 47573 TI - Letter: Recognition of diphtheria. PMID- 47572 TI - Letter: Hygiene of babies' incubators. PMID- 47574 TI - Letter: Preoperative laparoscopy. PMID- 47575 TI - Letter: Developmental screening. PMID- 47576 TI - Letter: Mebendazole in hydatid disease. PMID- 47577 TI - Letter: Reserpine and chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 47578 TI - Letter: Chromsomes, mitosis, and reserpine. PMID- 47579 TI - Ultrastructure of malignant reticulum and Reed-Sternberg cells. PMID- 47580 TI - Letter: Hodgkin's disease mortality among physicians. PMID- 47581 TI - Letter: Glaucoma and HL-A antigens. PMID- 47582 TI - Letter: HL-A W29 and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 47583 TI - Letter: Urinary prolactin excretion. PMID- 47584 TI - Letter: Primary L.C.A.T.-deficiency disease. PMID- 47585 TI - Letter: In defence of granulocyte preservers. PMID- 47586 TI - Letter: Interaction of thiamazole with zinc and copper. PMID- 47587 TI - Letter: Drug identification. PMID- 47588 TI - Letter: Sodium homoeostasis in preterm infants. PMID- 47589 TI - Letter: Psychosomatic illness and epidemic erythema infectiosum. PMID- 47590 TI - Letter: Congenital limb-reduction deformities. PMID- 47591 TI - Letter: Organic acidurias. PMID- 47592 TI - Letter: Lithium and pyruvate kinase. PMID- 47593 TI - Letter: Management of tetanus. PMID- 47594 TI - Letter: Oxprenolol and psoriasis-like eruption. PMID- 47595 TI - William Noel Goldsmith. PMID- 47596 TI - Malcolm David Webster Low. PMID- 47597 TI - Diagnosis of carcinoma of the larynx: a review of current methods. AB - There is a need to establish the diagnosis of cancer of the larynx as early as possible. Delay in making the diagnosis should occur rarely if all of the available methods are fully utilized. Having established the presence of a carcinoma it should be possible to define the site and extent of the tumor; only with this additional information can the best treatment be selected. The use of a fiber-optic laryngoscope or a telescopic laryngoscope (Gould) has made examination of the "difficult larynx" more satisfactory. X-ray examination, with or without contrast material, has provided useful information regarding extent of the tumor, particularly with regard to its relation to the glottis. Microscopic laryngoscopy has proven to be a most reliable way to identifying "the early lesion" and of establishing the extent of an established tumor, especially if supravital staining is applied and the microsurgical laryngeal mirror and laryngeal caliper are used. The most difficult diagnosis to make at the present time is the presence of residual tumor after radiation, when the tumor does not present on the surface. The solution to this problem will not be found easily. PMID- 47598 TI - The effect of morphine on the incorporation of 3H-leucine into retinal proteins and subsequent axonal transport in the optic system of rats. PMID- 47600 TI - [Oral treatment of heart rhythm disorders with dehydrobenzperidol]. PMID- 47601 TI - Techniques of localization of proteins and nucleoproteins in the cell nucleus by high resolution autoradiography and cytochemistry. PMID- 47602 TI - [20 min 99mTc thyroid uptake (author's transl)]. AB - The 20 min 99mTc thyroid uptake compares favourably with the more time consuming 24 h 131J uptake because it results in a lower radiation dose to the thyroid gland. The reliability of both methods is nearly the same. In all conditions in which the 131J uptake is altered, a similar deviation of the 99mTc uptake has been found. A single exception are patients treated with antithyroid drugs (together with thyroid hormones), who show frequently an elevated 99mTc uptake (in contrast to the 131J uptake). Prognostic conclusions have been drawn by other autors from the 99mTc uptake in similar cases. PMID- 47603 TI - [Current significance of rickettsial diseases]. PMID- 47604 TI - Flavin mononucleotide reductase of luminous bacteria. AB - NAD(P)H: FMN oxidoreductase (flavin reductase) couples in vitro to bacterial luciferase. This reductase, which is also postulated to supply reduced flavin mononucleotide in vivo as a substrate for the bioluminescent reaction, has been partially purified and characterized from two species of luminous bacterial. From Photobacterium fischeri the enzyme has a M. W. determined by Sephadex gel filtration, of 43,000 and may have a subunit structure. The turnover number at 20 degrees C, based on a purity estimate of 20 percent, is 1.7 times 10-4 moles of NADH oxidized per min per mole of reductase. The reductase isolated from Beneckea harveyi has an apparent molecular weight of 23,000; its purity was too low to permit estimation of specific activity. Using a spectrophotometric assay at 340 nm with the P. fischeri reductase, both NADH (Km, 8 times 10-5 M) and NADPH (Km, 4 times 10-4 M) were enzymatically oxidized, the Vmax with NADH being approximately twice that of NADPH. Of the flavins tested in this assay, only FMN (Km, 7.3 times 10-5 M) and FAD (Km, 1.4 times 10-4 M) were effective, FMN having a Vmax three times that of FAD. In the coupled assay, i.e., measuring the bioluminescence intensity of the reaction with added luciferase, the optimum FMN concentration was nearly 100 times less than in the spectrophotometric assay. The studies reported suggest the existence of a functional reductase-luciferase complex. PMID- 47605 TI - [Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the stomach (author's transl)]. AB - Patients with carcinoma of the stomach are seen too late for surgical treatment. 130 out of the 1641 patients treated at the Erlangen hospital between 1956 and 1973, survived for a period of five years. Related to the curatively resected cases and irrespective of the surgical lethality, the rate of 5-year-survival is 34%. The proportion of prognostically favorable early carcinomas, which is 15.5% in our own patients, should be increased by early endoscopic exploration. In the patients surviving for more than five years, the rate of mortality is similar to that of the normal population. The surgical approach to carcinoma of the stomach depends on the location. Among the palliative operations, only resection results in an improvement of morbidity and mortality. PMID- 47606 TI - [Our experience with phase-contrast microscopy in clinical practice (author's transl)]. AB - It is shown in a series of cases that phase-contrast microscopy is particularly suitable for intra-operative diagnosis in almost all gynecological operations. Also in smaller diagnostic measures (e. g. punch biopsy from the urinary bladder and rectum as well as curettage), phase-contrast assessment of the extracted tissue is possible with astonishing reliability. PMID- 47607 TI - Identification of dicentric chromosomes in irradiated lymphocytes by C-banding. PMID- 47608 TI - The human leukocyte test system. III. Premature chromosome condensation from chemically and x-ray induced micronuclei. AB - Premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was induced in human leukocytes in vitro by a bifunctional alkylating agent 2,5-bis-(methoxyethoxy)-3,6-bis-ethylene-imino p-benzoquinone (A 139), bleomycin and X-rays. Analysis shows that PCC originates from micronuclei that have been slowed down in their cell cycles in respect to the main nuclei. The mitosing chromatin of the main nuclei induced PCC in the associated micronuclei. Morphologically the PCC was mostly of the S-phase type with the chromatin exhibiting a more or less pulverized appearance; in some experiments this was verified by incorporation of (3H) thymidine (TdR). In a few cases the PCC looked like G2-phase PCC with ladder-like chromosomes. GI-phase PCC was not found. PCC of the type described in this work may be used as an indicator of induced lagging of chromatin that can be the result of chromosomal aberrations or of nondisjunction. PMID- 47609 TI - Immediate hypersensitivity to hog trypsin resulting from industrial exposure. AB - Clinical, immunologic and psysiologic studies were undertaken to establish the role of hog trypsin dust in four cases of occupational asthma and to define the mechanism of this respiratory disease. Objective evidence was obtained that these patients, but not their asymptomatic co-workers, were allergic to trypsin, and that this fact accounted for their respiratory symptoms. Direct skin testing, passive transfer of IgE antibodies, antigen-mediated histamine release from peripheral blood leukocytes and airway obstruction in response to inhalation challenge indicated IgE-mediated, Type I hypersensitivity. These effects were induced by inactivated trypsin and were therefore independent of tryptic enzymatic activity. The data suggested that periodic skin testing for immediate sensitivity to organic dust would be an inexpensive and convenient screening procedure for early detection and prevention of some types of occupational asthma. PMID- 47610 TI - Letter: Reagin-mediated histamine release from human leukocytes by human IgG. PMID- 47611 TI - The clinical pharmacology of antineoplastic agents (second of two parts). PMID- 47612 TI - Letter: Recording VPB's: inefficient methods. PMID- 47613 TI - Tumour antigen specificity of a DNA-binding protein from cells infected with adenovirus 2. PMID- 47614 TI - Form and function of cat retinal ganglion cells. AB - Recent explorations of the morphology of retinal neurones, combined with neurophysiological recordings have made it possible to link specific anatomical types with particular physiological classes. At the same time, the relatively complete anatomical mapping of the retina has revealed some bias in the sampling of neurones by electrophysiological techniques. PMID- 47615 TI - Possible involvement of the plasma membrane in saltatory particle movement in heliozoan axopods. PMID- 47616 TI - Relationship between macrophage clearance of PVP and affinity of anti-protein antibody response in inbred mouse strains. PMID- 47617 TI - Antibody to a molecularly-defined antigen confined to a tumour cell surface. PMID- 47618 TI - Thymus reactive IgM autoantibodies in normal mouse sera. PMID- 47619 TI - Carrier preimmunisation in the anti-hapten response of a marine fish. PMID- 47620 TI - [Aerodontalgia]. PMID- 47621 TI - [Influenza. Study of recent acquisitions. Prevention and therapy]. AB - Experience in the field of influenza (vaccination, chemical prevention, clinical pictures, treatment) during the period 1964-1974 is briefly described. The possibility that certain gastroenteric syndromes may suitably be labelled as"influenza" is examined. The usefulness of EAI antibody determination in "a posteriori" differential diagnosis of certain clinical forms, the assessment of the value of vaccination, and for mediocolegal purposes is asserted. It is suggested, in the light of personal experience, that vaccination with virus strains involved at the outset of an epidemic will only be useful where the antibody response to such strains is equal to more than 1:80. The chemical prevention of the disease is briefly examined,though the view that it is only effective in special cases is maintained. PMID- 47622 TI - Carcinoma of biliary tree. II. Carcinoma of bile ducts. PMID- 47623 TI - Significance of proliferative epithelial lesions of the uterine tube. AB - Proliferative epithelial lesions of the oviduct have been called adenomatous hyperplasia or carcinoma in situ. In order to assess the incidence and significance of these lesions, we sectioned entire oviducts from 124 nonselected hysterectomies. We found 23 cases (18.5%) with lesions corresponding to those described in the literature. We have found no justification for diagnosing and treating these lesions as carcinoma in situ. There appears to be an association with salpingitis. PMID- 47624 TI - Arteriography and infusional chemotherapy in localized trophoblastic disease. AB - Despite recent advances in the systemic chemotherapy of patients with malignant trophoblastic disease, there remains a small group of patients who fail to achieve remission with this type of treatment. The present study presents 19 patients with malignant trophoblastic disease who underwent a total of 25 arteriographic studies for localization of persistent malignant lesions and 8 patients who underwent arterial infusional chemotherapy after they had failed to achieve remission by standard administration of systemic methotrexate or actinomycin D. Patients underwent pelvic, pulmonary, carotid, and multiple abdominal selective arteriograms with a high correlation of positive findings and the later documented presence of persistent malignant disease. Findings include prominent uterine arteries, arteriovenous shunts, hypervascularity, irregular vessels, and tumor staining within the tumor. Arterially infused chemotherapy with methotrexate or actinomycin D was used in 8 patients whose disease was resistant to systemic chemotherapy. Technics of arterial infusion are discussed. PMID- 47625 TI - Ovulation induction: ovarian response to human gonadotropins and synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone. AB - Human ovarian responses to FSH- and LH-releasing hormone (FSH/LH-RH) were observed at laparotomy and studies by histologic and histochemical examination of ovarian biopsy specimens. The responses were compared to those induced by human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) singly and together. The subjects were healthy, fertile, young women rendered anovulatory by injections of depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) or depochlormadinone acetate (CA). Supplementary studies included measurement of urinary pregnanediol, examination of the cervix and vagina for estrogenic and progestational responses, and endometrial biopsy, Both HMG and HCG induced follicular growth and proliferation of granulosa and theca cells, but neither, when given alone, induced ovulation or corpus luteum formation. When given in conjunction they induced single or multiple ovulations and corpora lutea in 11 of 18 women treated. FSH/LH-RH CONSISTENTLY STIMULATED FOLLICULAR DEVELOPMENT AND INDUCED OVULATION IN 2 OF 16 WOMEN TREATED. Preovulatory mature follicles were found in 3 more. FSH/LH-RH may prove to be useful in the treatment of some cases of anovulatory sterility of hypothalamic origin. PMID- 47627 TI - Nightingale enterprises. PMID- 47626 TI - Letter: Amniography. PMID- 47628 TI - Theatre nursing care study: massive bowel resection for acute ischaemic disease. PMID- 47629 TI - Malpractice: what can the nurse say? PMID- 47630 TI - Cancer of the colon and rectum. A review. AB - Colonic cancer remains a major cause of death because diagnosis is usually delayed. Improved methods for earlier detection will maximize the patient's chances for survival. At present, surgery offers the greatest possibility of cure, but even in those instances where less than definitive resection is possible, there is much in the way of adjunctive and palliative therapy to offer the patient. PMID- 47631 TI - Symposium. ENT for nonspecialists. Epistaxis. PMID- 47632 TI - Induction of endogenous murine C-type virus in spleen cell cultures treated with mitogens and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine. AB - In short-term cultures of BALB/c spleen cells, treatment with a combination of 5 bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and either lipopolysaccharide W. Escherichia coli or concanavalin A resulted in release of C-type virus into the medium. Only lipopolysaccharide induced virus release when given alone. This could be potentiated by a combined treatment with BrdU. In contrast, phytohemagglutinin at mitogenic concentration had no effect with or without BrdU, suggesting that inducibility may vary between various mitogen-responsive spleen cell populations. In AKR mice, spontaneous virus release was detectable in nonstimulated spleen cell cultures. This could be potentiated by lipopolysaccharide, whereas no further increase occurred upon additional BrdU treatment. The induced viruses had C-type characteristics in that they contained reverse transcriptase that could be distinguished from cellular enzymes by template-primer preference experiments. Furthermore, the enzyme activities were particle-associated, banding in isopycnic sucrose gradients at 1.15-1.17 g/cm-3. The presence of C-type viruses was confirmed by electron microscopy. PMID- 47633 TI - The structure and function of immunoglobulin domains: studies with beta-2 microglobulin on the role of the intrachain disulfide bond. AB - Beta-Microglobulin, a low-molecular-weight protein structurally related to the homology regions of immunoglobulins, has been used to study the role of the intrachain disulfide bond in the unfolding of immunoglobulin domains. The intact protein could be reversibly unfolded in guanidine hydrochloride, as judged by circular dichroism and optical rotation. Similarly, reoxidation of the reduced protein, during transfer from high concentrations of guanidine to neutral aqueous buffer, yielded a product with spectral characteristics typical of the native protein. However, if the free SH groups were prevented from reoxidizing either by chemical modification or by holding them in the reduced state, the molecule appeared to be in the randomly coiled state even under conditions where the intact protein is in the native conformation, judged on the basis of chiroptical measurements. The complement-fixing activity exhibited by native beta-2 microglobulin was retained by the reduced and alkylated derivative, suggesting that the site may be formed from a linear array of amino acids. We suggest a model for the folding of beta-2-microglobulin (and immunoglobulin domains) in which one of the early folding events results in disulfide bond formation, the latter being an obligatory step for continued folding to the native state. PMID- 47634 TI - Effect of bilirubin on the distribution, elimination and anticoagulant action of dicumarol in Gunn rats-1-2 (38547). AB - Jaundiced Gunn rats were found to have a significantly larger apparent volume of distribution and higher rate constant for elimination of dicumarol than their nonjaundiced littermates. Anticoagulant effect-log plasma dicumarol concentration lines were parallel in the two groups of animals, with the line for the jaundiced rats shifted to a lower concentration range. In vitro studies showed that bilirubin can displace dicumarol from serum protein binding sites. There are indications of a genetic influence on the distribution and anticoagulant effect of dicumarol in Gunn rats. PMID- 47635 TI - Immunochemical pattern of aspartate aminotransferase isozumes in servral rodents and in Ehrlich ascites cells (38549). AB - Antisera against rat liver aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) isozymes were used to study the activity and immunologic pattern of these isozymes in the livers of the rat, mouse, hamster, gerbil and in Ehrlich ascites cells. A double immunodiffusion precipitin test and immunoelectrophoresis showed that, except for the gerbil, there was a pattern of identity of AAT isozymes in the presence of either the antianionic or the anticationic antisera. Although gerbil AAT isozymes are immunochemically different from those of the other rodents studied, they were inactivated by the respective antiserum in a manner similar to that observed with the other species. This may suggest that antigenic determinants at the catalytic site of each of the liver aspartate aminotransferase isozymes are least likely to change throughout the evolutionary process. PMID- 47636 TI - Trabecular barriers (FRENULAE) of the extracapsular clefts (38563). AB - Ferrocyanide was perfused through the vascular system of the isolated legs of 10 dogs. Ferric ion was then injected intramuscularly (not intravascularly) into the leg. The injected materials spread along the trabeculae of the tissues, rupturing the sheets of fibrous connective tissue (frenulae) inpeded the movement of materials in the trabeculae. The barriers consist of sheets of connective tissue which insert on adjacent fibrous capsules. The capsules enclose each cluster of muscle, glandular or other cells. These barriers appear to function in conjunction with the lymphatic drainage system. PMID- 47637 TI - On the possible mechanism of cyanoacrylate histotoxicity. AB - The loss of tissue fluid as a possible mechanism of cyanoacrylate histotoxicity was studied in vitro. There appears to be no statistical difference in the rates of fluid removal between methyl, isobutyl and N-octyl 2-cyanoacrylates, nor is there any correlation between fluid removed and the observed in vivo tissue damage. It is suggested that tissue fluids play a dual role in initiating polymerization and in polymer degradation; and that tissue damage depends upon the rate of polymer decomposition with the formation of toxic degradation products. PMID- 47638 TI - Drug-seeking behavior during methadone maintenance. AB - Six subjects were given the opportunity to work for saline placebo and hydromorphone (4 mg i.v.) several times weekly before and during a period of maintenance on methadone (100 mg p.o. daily). Measures of pupillary change and reports of "liking" in response to hydromorphone dropped to saline control levels when the daily dose of methadone was approximately 60 mg. Half of the subjects continued to work intermittently for hydromorphone for four weeks while they were receiving 100 mg of methadone daily. These data support the assumption that methadone maintenance reduces the reinforcement value of other opiates and behaviors associated with obtaining them. PMID- 47639 TI - Physiological mechanisms for cardiac control by nutritional intake after early maternal separation in the young rat. AB - Series of analytic experiments are presented that explore possible physiological mechanisms for the control of cardiac rate by nutritional intake in the pre weanling rat. The essential properties of the nutrient and the first site of action were studied by using fluids of different pH, osmolality and chemical composition administered intravenously as well as intragastrically. Several probable effector pathways were explored: neuroendocrine (adrenal medullary and adrenocortical, thyroid), cholinergic and adrenergic. Pharmacological blocking agents, surgical removal of glands, replacement hormones and spinal cord trasaction were utilized. Afferent pathways such as vagus and splanchnic systems were approached surgically and the gastrointestinal hormones, histamine, insulin and glucagon, were studied by administration and pharmacological blockade. The evidence tended to rule out a number of possible mechanisms and pathways and to make it appear likely that nutrient acts initially at the gut wall, that the CNS then responds by increasing tone in the classical spinal cardioacceleratory pathways to the beta-adrenergic synapses of myocardium. PMID- 47640 TI - Systemic protection against radiation. I. Effect of an elemental diet on hematopoietic and immunologic systems in the rat. PMID- 47641 TI - [Histological diagnosis of alcoholic hepatitis. Clinical meaning and prognosis of Mallory's hyaline bodies]. PMID- 47642 TI - [Stomach cancer. 2. Evaluation of operability of the cancer]. PMID- 47643 TI - A new preparative method for microspectrophotometric DNA-measurement in megakaryocytes, revealing a significant group of cells with a DNA content of 64 N. AB - Microspectrophotometric investigations of Feulgen-stained rat bone marrow megakaryocytes, comparing the traditional smear method and a new 1 G sedimentation and 40 degrees C evaporation (S. E.) method, have shown that the latter reveals a significant group of megakaryocytes (ca. 30 percent) with a DNA content of 64 N. This group is totally absent when the smear method is used. PMID- 47644 TI - [Orthorhythmic pacemaker and salvo-like cardiac stimulation. New procedure aiming at the suppression and prophylaxis of cardiac arrhythmia and the determination of electrophysiological measurement magnitudes in vivo]. AB - The orthorhythmic pacemaker (ORPM) represents a new apprach in cardiac stimulation. The use of conventional demand pacemakers is essentially limited to the treatment of bradycardic arrhythmias. The principle of the ORPM consists in early stimulation after premature beats, taking into account the R-R interval of the preceding spontaneous beat. In this "extrasystolic pacing" the escape interval is not fixed; rather, the premature electric stimulus will be fired after an interval, the duration of which can be selected as a fraction of the preceding cycle length. The ORPM enhances the possibilities for treatment of atrial and ventricular tachycardias due to re-entry. The idea of "bursts" of stimulation e.g. the firing of up to ten impulses within a short time, is put into practice in the actual latest ORPM model. It widens the application of the ORPM principle and allows simplified measurement of the refractory period. PMID- 47645 TI - [Risk of chronic carbon monoxide poisoning in automobile garages. Results of a study in the Lausanne region]. AB - Clinical and physiologic data on chronic carbon monoxide poisoning are reviewed and the results of an investigation involving 7 garages in the Lausanne (Switzerland) area are reported. The aim was a practical approach to the relationships between carbon monoxide level in the air, COHb and clinical picture. The study covered working conditions (especially ventilation) but did not take into account of other factors (stresses) which may effect the parameters investigated. CO was measured by continuous recording with an MSA Carbon Monoxide Alarm and the hourly and daily averages were determined. The garage personnel replied to a questionnaire and underwent a brief clinical examination including taking of digital blood samples for measurement of hematocrit and carboxyhemoglobin level by the method of COMMINS and LAWTHER as modified by BUCHWALD. One of the garages did not meet present health requirements. Statistical analysis revealed a significant correlation between carbon monoxide and carboxyhemoglobin. The incidence of complaints was highest in poorly ventilated garages. On the basis of COHb level in the total group of employees, together with data from individual histories, it is possible to evaluate the risk of carbon monoxide poisoning in a given garage. PMID- 47646 TI - [Behavior of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in degenerative diseases]. AB - 132 cerebrospinals fluids from patients with degenerative diseases of the central nervous system have been analyzed for protein distribution in agar gel electrophoresis. After subdivision into diagnostically well defined groups these patients were compared with 48 with metabolic and psychiatric diseases and with 79 normal controls. The majority of diagnostic groups showed a tendency to permeability impairment. Other outstanding deviations were not found, except for single cases which were not statistically typical of the groups as a whole. However, the "degenerative type" of proteinogram emphasized in the literature predominated not only in the degenerative groups but also in certain other diseases with destruction of central nervous tissue which do not belong to the degenerative diseases in the strict sense. On the other hand, there are some degenerative subgroups without this "typical" electrophoretic pattern. There would thus appear to be grounds for amending the term "degenerative" into "tissue destroying" or "atrophic type", to avoid misinterpretation. PMID- 47647 TI - [Vagal effect on sino-atrial node frequency and A-V overdrive in hypersensitive carotid sinus reflex and sick sinus syndrome]. AB - Two syndromes, hypersensitive carotid sinus reflex (HCSR) and "sick sinus syndrome" (SSS) were studied in 28 patients, 6 of whom served as controls. Carotid sinus pressure was performed during sinus rhythm (CSP 1) and atrial stimulation just above the sinus rate (CSP 2). Overdrive suppression was also tested. Vagal stimulation provoked different effects in HCSR and in SSS. The vagal reaction to CSP 1 was more manifest in HCSR than in both SSS and the controls. After CSP 2 A-V conduction was delayed longer in HCSR than in SSS and the controls. Following atropine, the vagal effect on HCSR was more pronounced than on SSS and the controls. With HCSR, the duration of vagal influence on R-R intervals (A-V conduction) was significantly shorter than on P-P intervals (sinus rate). After atropine, there was less vagal effect on A-V conduction than on the sinus rate in HCSR, meaning that A-V conduction was shorter and less affected than the sinus rate by carotid sinus pressure. Prolonged suppression following overdrive established the diagnosis of SSS. This suppression was found not to be affected by atropine. A dependency of suppression on the rate and duration of overdrive could not be ascertained for SSS. The newly formulated "postdrive P-P interval recovery time" subdivided SSS in such a way that two different degrees of severity could be illustrated. The conclusion was that HCSR was caused by an excessive reaction to vagal stimulation rather than by a dysfunction of the sinus node or A-V conduction system. SSS might be based on tissue damage in the sinus nodal region but it did not show increased sensitivity to vagal influence. PMID- 47649 TI - The oncogene hypothesis and the search for human cancer virusus. PMID- 47648 TI - Side effects of drugs used to treat tuberculosis. PMID- 47650 TI - RNA processing and RNA tumor virus origin and evolution. AB - The results of molecular hybridization experiments with high-molecular-weight RNA isolated from RNA tumor viruses and DNA from normal cells suggest that RNA tumor virus genomes originate from cell genes. Some RNA tumor viruses (here called class 1) appear to have been generated in recent times in that their RNA is closely related in nucleotide sequence to certain cell genes (class 1 genes). A second class of RNA tumor viruses (here called class 2) is more distantly related to genomic information of normal cells. Structural properties of the RNA of RNA tumor viruses lead us to propose that the tumor virus RNA is originated when RNA transcripts of class 1 genes are processed by a mechanism we call "paraprocessing." We postulate that RNA paraprocessing is normally used only at particular times during differentiation and is characterized by the cytoplasmic appearance of high-molecular-weight RNA chains containing terminal polyadenylic acid (200 residues). Paraprocessing of class 1 gene transcripts in committed or differentiated cells is considered to be aberrant in transcription that can lead to the generation of an RNA tumor virus genome. If the paraprocessed class 1 gene transcript codes for a reverse transcriptase, replication of the RNA becomes possible. Transfer of the replicating RNA to a new cell can result in genetic change such that the virus genome mutates, differing from the original progenitor genes. We propose that this genetic change causes class 1 viruses to become class 2. These ideas are applied to evidence concerning the biology of infection of RNA tumor viruses and concerning the involvement of RNA tumor viruses in human cancer. Genetic change can also occur during the origination of an RNA tumor virus genome by repeated reverse transcription and recombination (45) or by genetic alteration of particularly changeable cell genes ("hot spots") (43). PMID- 47651 TI - Recent results in the surgical treatment of Fallot's tetralogy. AB - Tetralogy of Fallot consists essentially of two abnormalities: a large, unrestrictive ventricular septal defect and severe obstruction to the outflow of the right ventricle. A clear understanding of the principles described in this article should result in a mortality of under 5% after complete correction of tetralogy of Fallot. PMID- 47652 TI - Urology. PMID- 47654 TI - Carcinoma of the urachus: report of one case and a review of the literature. PMID- 47653 TI - Effects of major abdominal operations on human blood rheology. AB - Serial blood rheological measurements were systematically carried out in 14 patients undergoing major elective abdominal operations for a period up to 10 days after operation. The measurements included blood viscosity over a wide range of shear rates (0.01 to 208 sec.-minus 1), hematological data, and plasma protein concentrations. Significantly elevated plasma viscosity preoperatively accounted for a normal blood viscosity in the presence of anemia. After an initial drop due to hemodilution lasting for 1 to 3 days after operation, blood viscosity returned to normal by the tenth postoperative day. This was the result of an increased plasma viscosity, primarily due to rise in plasma fibrinogen and alpha2- and beta2-globulin concentrations. The red cell deformability of these patients was normal except for one patient who received seven units of transfused blood. The results of this investigation suggest that abnormal rheological properties of blood and plasma should be considered in therapeutic attempts to improve microcirculatory flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. PMID- 47655 TI - [Experience with Imposit in the treatment of inflammatory involvements in the oral and pharyngeal area]. PMID- 47656 TI - Soluble proteins of bronchopulmonary secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis, asthma, and bronchitis. AB - The concentrations of nine plasma proteins were determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis in sputum specimens from 29 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and from 24 patients with severe asthma and chronic bronchitis. The results suggested that the population of CF patients could be divided into two groups in spite of an absence of difference in clinical status between the groups. Average concentrations of seven plasma proteins in sputum of group I CF patients were identical with those in sputum of patients with bronchitis, but the average concentrations of six of these proteins in sputum from group II CF patients were higher than those in specimens from the bronchitic patients and were similar to corresponding concentrations in sputum from patients with asthma, all of whom were examined while in status asthmaticus. The average concentrations of 14 secretory proteins were the same in all sputum specimens whether or not they were produced by patients with cystic fibrosis, asthma or bronchitis. It was concluded that the concentrations in the bronchopulmonary secretions of proteins associated with host defence were not diminished in patients with cystic fibrosis, and failure to produce adequate concentrations of proteins with antimicrobial activity was unlikely to be responsible for the above average susceptibility to chest infection in cystic fibrosis. It is suggested that there exists a group of CF patients in whom a pulmonary allergic reaction generates an inflammatory response as severe as that characterizing status asthmaticus and that this response could be detrimental. PMID- 47657 TI - Toxicological implications of pesticides: their toxic effects on seeds of food plants. AB - Pesticides are widely used for the protection of economic crops from a variety of noxious pests. The repeated and indiscriminate uses and the extreme stability of certain pesticides have led to their accumulation in plants, animals, soils and sediments, thus effecting widespread contamination of the environment. Soil contaminants are especially serious because they can inhibit or impair the seed germination of our food and feed crops. Seeds can come in close contact with pesticides through processes such as prematurity application, fumigation, seed dressings, and seed treatments. Several reports have indicated the toxic effects of pesticides on seed germination. Possible mechanisms of the toxic action on pesticides during the germination of seeds have been discussed with emphasis on biochemical, histological, and cytological alterations. Bioassay procedures employing seed germination as a smiple, feasible, economical, time-saving indicator of toxicity have been described briefly. Attention is then drawn to the possible potential health hazards arising from the presence of pesticidal chemicals in food plants since the toxicological implications of long term exposure to pesticides are often more far-reaching. PMID- 47658 TI - The effect of disodium 5-ribonucleotide on reproductive function over three generations in the rat. AB - Deitary levels of 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0% disodium 5-ribonucleotide were administered to rats of the CD strain over 3 generations, and the growth and reproductive performance were compared with those of a control group. Treatment did not appear to affect parent animals, as assessed by the incidence of mortality, bodyweight change, food consumption, mating performance, Pregnancy rate, Gestation Peroid, and post-mortem findings. Total litter loss, Litter size, Litter and mean pup weights, pup mortality and the incidence of skeletal or other variants in the offspring were unaffected by treatment at any dosage level. Additional organ weight analysis and skeletal staining of 10 males and 10 females from all groups, and the histological examination of 10 male and 10 females of the control and 2.0% level groups of the third generation did not provide any evidence of effects that could be related to treatment. PMID- 47659 TI - [Toxicity by relay. I. General principles of a new method for the assessment of Toxicity of addivitives to animal feeds]. AB - Chemical substances added for various purposes to the feeds of farm-reared animals may enter the body of these animals. This may lead to the persistence, in food offered for human consumption, of residues which may be potentially toxic under conditions of repeated absorption over the greater part of the life span. The evaluation of the safety of these residues for man poses complex problems. Their ideal solution demands very often a number of careful experiments. The methodology called "toxicity by relay" consists essentially of the submission of the animal feed itself, which is likely to contain a mosaic of residues, to long term testing in laboratory animals. Provided a satisfactory safety factor can be applied, this methodology can contribute information permittinga conclusion regarding the acceptablity, even provisionally, of the feed additive for the use which is envisaged. In addition this methodology enables the provision of results constituting a criterion for the rejection of the additive under test. For these reasons it appears to us an appropriate procedure, taking its place among the tests to be undertaken for the toxicological evaluation of additves to the feeds of farm-reared animals. PMID- 47660 TI - Hyperthyroidism, results of treatment--an appraisal. PMID- 47661 TI - [Equine infectious anemia in Bulgaria]. PMID- 47662 TI - [Morphology and the morphological diagnosis of equine infectious anemia]. PMID- 47663 TI - [Use of specific gamma-globulin in the complex treatment of sepsis in young children]. PMID- 47664 TI - Changeable lymphocytotoxic antibody activity in patients with cervical carcinoma. AB - In patients with cervical carcinoma examined over an extended period of time we observed lymphocytotoxic antibody activity more often in patients with terminal invasive carcinoma than in patients with preinvasive carcinoma. Antibody activity was very variable and it is postulated that this man relfect in vivo consumption of such antibodies as a consequence of qualitative or quantitative variations in cancerous tissue mass. In almost all instances we were unable to establish the specificity of the lymphocytotoxic antibodies with respect to known histocompatibility antigens. This suggests that their activity may be directed against a nucleus of HL-A determinants present in all human cell lines. PMID- 47665 TI - HB antigen: incidence of 'ad' and 'ay' subdeterminants among blood donors. PMID- 47666 TI - [Biochemical and physiocochemical characteristics of a type C virus isolated from spontaneous lymphosarcoma of CC57Br strain mice]. AB - The properties of murine oncornavirus produced by cells of spontaneous lymphosarcroma of CC57Br mice are described. In addition to the properties common for C-type RNA tumor viruses such as 60-70 S high molecular weight RNA, the presence of RNA-directed DNA polymerase and murine gs I (intraspecies) antigen and typical morphology in electron microscope, etc., the virus under study is characterized by instability of virions, unusual features of the DNA polymerase system and by the absence of demonstrable oncogenicity either in laboratory animals or in tissue cultures. PMID- 47667 TI - [Reproduction of leukovirus RD-114 in diploid and heteroploid human cells]. AB - The capacity of leukovirus RD-114 to replicate in human embryo lung diploid cell cultures and continuous human angiosarcoma cell cultures (AS and 709 lines). Differences in the capacity to support the virus reproduction were observed in the two strains of human embryo lung cells (HEL-1 and HEL-3) and the two continuous angiosarcoma cell lines. No virus reporduction was observed in mouse and rat cell cultures. No cytopathic or transformation changes were caused by the virus in any of the systems examined. PMID- 47668 TI - [Cytogenetic characteristics of the vaccination process in children, primarily vaccinated against smallpox]. AB - An increased rate of chromosome aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes was observed in children between 1 and 21/2 years of age beginning at 4 days after vaccination. The number of aneuploid cells and chromosome aberrations increased for 1 month but were not found 6 months after vaccination. Administration of measles gamma-globulin in a dose of 0.75 ml before vaccination did not influence significantly the frequency of chromosome aberrations. A direct correlation was observed between the height of the immune response and the rate of chromosome aberrations. The observed changes in the chromosomal apparatus are not specific for the effect of vaccinia virus but indicate sterotypic reaction of the macroorganism in response to an alien antigen. PMID- 47669 TI - [Treatment of keratoacanthoma]. PMID- 47670 TI - [Role of specific impulses in the postnatal formation of chemical activity in microstructures of the animal brain visual analyzer]. PMID- 47671 TI - [Fragmentation of gamma globulin preparations manufactured in the USSR]. AB - Gamma-globulin preparations prepared by the alcoholic method from the placental and abortion sera were split during storage under the effect of proteases contained in them; fragments with a molecular weight of 50 000 and 60 000 were formed. The most intensive splitting was seen in the preparations obtained from the precipitates of B placental and abortive sera. Some delay in the gamma globulin fragmentation could be reached by addition to protease inhibitors- epsilon-aminocapronic acid or cyclocapron. PMID- 47672 TI - [Comparative analysis of gamma globulin preparations isolated by means of DEAE Sephadex and DEAE-cellulose]. AB - Preparations of rabbit gamma-globulin obtained with the aid of ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex contained an admixture of other serum proteins revealed by disc-electrophoresis in acrylamide gel. This impurity can be eliminated by rechromatography of gamma-globulin preparations of DEAE-cellulose in the same buffer solutions which were used for purification of gamma-globulin on DEAE-Sephadex. Better purification of gamma-globulin on DEAE-cellulose can supposedly be attributed to the effective absorption on cellulose basis of euglobulin aggregates which form in the solutions with a low ionic power used for chromatographic isolation of gamma-globulin on ion-exchangers. PMID- 47673 TI - [The hemagglutinin of Clostridium botulinum. Extraction, chemical characteristics and serologic specificity]. PMID- 47674 TI - [Quantitative determination of serum immunoglobulins in infectious and non infectious human pathology]. PMID- 47675 TI - The effect of progestogens on vaginal cytology. AB - Various progestogens were given to postmenopausal and premenopausal women. The first group consisted of 46 postmenopausal patients and in the postmenopausal atrophic smear, 17 acetoxyprogestogens produced no effect. However, the administration of two 19 nortestosterone derivatives, ethynodiol diacetate and norethisterone increased the Karyopyknotic Index and degree of proliferation of the epithelium, presumably due to their estrogenic metabolites. Low grade hypotrophic smears, consisting of parabasal and intermediate cells, reacted by a decrease in the size of the intermediate cells associated with clumping, and a disappearance from the smear of parabasal cells. In the case of ethynodiol diacetate, its estrogenic effect of elevating the Karyopyknotic Index occurred before the progestogenic effect of clumping and fusing of the intermediate cells. The second group consisted of 370 women using an oral form of sequential contraception, based on administration of 0.05 mg ethinyl estradiol daily for three weeks followed by a combined oral contraceptive containing the same amount of estrogen with varying progestogens for a further week. The anti-estrogenic effect of the various progestogens was then compared by their ability to lower the Karyopyknotic Index. This levelled out after four or five tablets. The most potent progestogen was d-norgestrel in the lowest dose of 0.25 mg and this compound exerted a greater effect than 4 mg norethisterone, 1 mg ethynodiol diacetate or 4 mg megestrol acetate. PMID- 47676 TI - Computer analysis of defined populations of lymphocytes irradiated in vitro: I. Evaluation of murine thoracic duct lymphocytes. AB - Computer-assisted morphometric analysis of murine lymphocytes obtained by thoracic duct cannulation demonstrates two populations of cells; the larger population (73 percent) appears to be thymus-derived and the remaining 27 percent is of bone marrow origin. Following exposure to varying amounts of x-radiation, morphologic alterations in both populations are evident. The smaller cell populations are evident. The smaller cell population exhibits some of these changes at lower dose levels than does the larger population. In addition, the character of the radiation-induced changes appears to be different for the two populations of lymphocytes. After 500 rad, the nuclei of the larger population appears unchanged; the nuclei of the population representing 27 percent of the cells have become enlarged and vacuolated and are thought to be edematous. After 2000 rad, the nuclei of the larger population appear pyknotic with coarsely clumped chromatin. In the examined set of cells, the smaller population could no longer be detected after 2000 rad. Such disparate responses to radiation-induced injury may correlate with known differences in immunologic function which serve to distinguish thymic-dependent and bone marrow-derived small lymphocytes. PMID- 47677 TI - Topography of the sex chromatin in vaginal histiocytes. AB - Routine vaginal smears with good numbers of histiocytes with kidney shaped morphology of their nuclei were selected for the study of sex chromatin topography. A variable distribution of the sex chromatin was found in 125 nuclei studied: polar in 57.4 percent, ventral in 21.9 percent and dorsal in 20.7 percent of the nuclei. No relationship was found between sex chromatin and cytoplasmic morphology and phagocytic activity. PMID- 47678 TI - Changes in chromatin morphology after infection of mouse embryo fibroblasts with polyoma virus, detected by image analysis. AB - Nuclear chromatin properties in control, SV40-infected and polyoma-infected cultures of mouse embryo fibroblasts were studied using quantitative image analysis. Distribution of Feulgen-DNA-content per nucleus was found to be similar in all three groups of cultures. No differences in nuclear area, mean optical density of chromatin and area of chromatin at different optical density thresholds were measurable between control and SV40-infected fibroblasts. Polyoma infected fibroblasts were found to have smaller nuclei, more dense and less homogeneous chromatin than non-infected cells. The changes of chromatin in polyoma-infected cells occur in G1, middle S and G2 nuclei. The results are interpreted as an early manifestation of the cytopathic effect of polyoma virus. PMID- 47679 TI - A technique to prepare cytologic filter slides from solid tissue. PMID- 47680 TI - Centrifugal Cytology, IV. The Prearation of fixed stained dispersions of gynecological cells. AB - The Centrifugal Cytology technique has been utilized to produce glutaraldehyde fixed stained dispersions of both conventional Ayre scrapes and Davis pipet (PAPette) samples. Light microscope studies of dispersions of both types of cells on conventional microscope slides indicated that both the tinctorial and morphological appearance of the cells after Papanicolaou staining was very similar to that observed with conventional smears and that the same criteria could be utilized with the Centrifugal Cytology dispersions to screen the cells for cancer as had previously been used with the smears. A preliminary study indicated that six out of six positives with no false negatives or false positives were found. The Centrifugal Cytology technique appears to have promise as a method for preparing suspension samples such as pipets of gynecologic cells. Scanning electron microscope studies reveal that the squamous epithelial cells are very thin and at least some of them are covered by a network structure. PMID- 47681 TI - Letter:Ciliocytophthoria in cervical cytology. PMID- 47682 TI - The antigenic determinant of the LH-releasing hormone for three different antisera. AB - Antigenic determinants of LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) were investigated by testing the cross-reaction of LH-RH analogues and fragments in LH-RH radioimmunoassay (RIA) systems using 3 different antisera against the LH-RH decapeptide. Rabbit antiserum No. 419 was generated against LH-RH adsorbed on polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Antisera Nos. 710 and 742 were produced by immunizing rabbits with LH-RH conjugated either with bovine serum albumin through its C terminus, or with human serum albumin through the N-terminus, respectively. For antiserum No. 419, the N-terminal (pyro)-glutamic acid and/or histidine in positions 1 and 2 of LH-RH, respectively, were found to enhance the antigen antibody interaction, but were not indispensable for it. Similarly, the C terminal amide and glycine-NH2 did not play a major role in these interactions. The LH-RH heptapeptide fragment, corresponding to amino acid sequence from positions 3 to 9, showed a cross-reactivity in this RIA system with LH-RH, although greater amounts than those of cold LH-RH were required for a comparable inhibition of binding of labelled LH-RH. For antiserum No. 710, the LH-RH hexapeptide fragment corresponding to positions 2 to 7 showed considerable cross reactivity. Histidine in position 2 played an important role but neither the amide group nor the glycine amide group at the C-terminus were essential. For antiserum No. 742, the C-terminal tetrapeptide-amide fragment of LH-RH showed considerable cross-reactivity in the LH-RH, the amide moiety itself being of crucial importance. These antisera may be useful in investigating peptides related to LH-RH in biological materials. PMID- 47683 TI - Enzyme inhibition by antibodies. AB - The interest in the inhibition of enzymes by their specific antibodies stems mainly from the fact that these systems can serve as suitable models in the study of neutralization of biologically active molecules in general. The interaction of enzymes with their specific antibodies generally leads to a reduction in their enzymatic activity. The mechanism of this inhibition is rarely a direct combination of the antibodies with the catalytic site, but is rather due to steric hindrance, namely, barring the access to the active site. In several systems the mechanism of the antibody effect is by conformational changes which it induces on the enzyme. In these cases, the interaction with the antibody may result either in inhibition or in enhancement of the enzymatic activity. In every instance, however, the effect of the antibody is dependent on its narrow specificity, namely, on the regions of the enzyme to which it is directed. The extent of inhibition or enhancement is, therefore, a reflection of the nature and distribution of the various antigenic determinants on the enzyme molecule. Antibodies specific exclusively to defined regions of an enzyme molecule can be prepared. This has been performed for both lysozyme and staphylococcal nuclease by two procedures: a) Selective separation of the relevant antibodies from the anti-enzyme serum by an immunoadsorbent containing a particular immunologically active fragment of the enzyme. b) The use of an isolated antigenic fragment of the enzyme, or a conjugate of it, for immunization. The antibodies thus prepared, specific toward a unique defined region of the lysozyme molecule (residues 60-83, denoted "loop") recognize the structural conformation of the fragment and are reactive with the intact enzyme molecule. Furthermore, a chemically synthesized loop-like derivative was proved immunologically identical with the natural fragment, and when forming a part of a completely synthetic conjugate, elicited conformation-specific antibodies, reactive with native lysozyme. These findings are relevant to the topic of an immunological approach to fertility control from two different viewpoints: In the first place they are informative regarding the specific inhibition by antibodies of sperm enzymes which partake in the fertilization process. Secondly, they encourage the synthetic approach for induction of an immune response toward hormones which are crucial in fertilization or implantation. PMID- 47684 TI - Characterization of spermatozoal auto-, iso- and allo-antigens. AB - Three approaches are utilized to study and characterize spermatozoal antigens. An immunological approach has demonstrated the presence of spermatozoal auto-, iso- and allo-antigens. Spermatozoal auto-antigens studies by several authors are able to induce the whole spectrum of immune reactions (delayed hypersensitivity, complement-fixing antibodies and anaphylactic antibodies0 as well as of autoimmune aspermatogenic orchiepididymitis (AIAO). Different extraction procedures result in various preparations and even in different independent autoantigens (at least four), one protein, one membrane-linked antigen and at least two glyco-proteins. Spermatozoal iso-antigens stricto sensu are determined by the Y chromosome and present on at least 50% of the spermatozoa. Spermatozoal allo-antigens are also present at the surface of spermatozoa, especially blood group antigens (ABO and MNS systems), transplantation antigens (HL-A, H-2) and also some other unidentified ones. A biochemical approach has mainly been directed towards spermatozoal enzymes that have been directed towards spermatozoal enzymes that have been shown to be antigenic even in the species of origin. This is the case for lactic dehydrogenase LDH-X (a mid-piece enzyme) and for acrosomal enzymes, e.g., hyaluronidase, possibly sorbitol dehydrogenase and trypsin-like acrosomal proteinase (the auto- and allo-antigenicity of the latter having not been established). At least three of these enzymes are known or supposed to play a role in the process of fertilization. A clinical approach has described the presence of spermatozoal-coating antigen(s), such as transferrin or blood group substances from secretors obtained following the admixture of the secretions of the seminal vesicles. Indications were also obtained for the existence of antibodies directed against defined antigens. Several types of localization of antibodies on spermatozoa were described: acrosome (front part), equatorial segment, post-nuclear region, mid-piece and tail. Attempts at fractionation of human psermatozoal antigens are still at a preliminary stage. Whatever the approach, the main interest of these antigens is that they are able to induce, in the species of origin or in a related species antibodies capable of interfering with the normal process of reproduction, especially fertilization.. PMID- 47685 TI - Immunological interference with fertilization. AB - Rabbit antisera against mouse and hamster ovaries and sheep antisera against rabbit ovary have been used to demonstrate ovary specific antigens in these three species of mammals. That one or more of the specific antigens are located in the zona pellucida which surrounds the egg was indicated in immunofluorescence studies and by the effects antibodies have on the zona. After exposure to the antibody a precipitate forms on the zonae of preovulatory, unfertilized and fertilized eggs and all embryonic stages up to the time when the zona is shed. The precipitate was always seen near the outer surface of the zona suggesting that the active sites of the antigen(s) are located in this region. Trypsin and pronase which usually dissolve the zona were ineffective on the precipitated outer portion but did dissolve the inner, unprecipitated region. Species- and tissue-specificity and chemical nature of the zona are discussed. Important roles for the zona antigen(s) in a number of early events in reproduction were indicated by the effects of antizona antibodies have on fertilization and implantation. Pretreatment of unfertilized hamster eggs with zona precipitating antibodies was most effective in blocking sperm attachment to the zona. When the antibody was added subsequent to in vitro insemination, but before the sperm had passed through the outer region of the zona, sperm penetration was blocked. Mouse embryos treated with zona precipitating antibody and cultured in vitro failed to escape from the zonae, implying that implantation could be inhibited by antibody. Passive immunization of female mice with antizona antibodies and precipitattion of the zonae of hamster embryos in transfer experiments reduced the number of implantation sites. The identification of zona antigens and the effects of zona precipitating antibodies on early reproductive events encourage further studies on the zona in reference to immunological control of fertility. PMID- 47686 TI - HL-A, fertility and natural selection. AB - The antibodies occasionally produced in gravid females usually cause no adverse effects and the mother may become hyporesponsive. Exceptions may occur in some cases of abortion where frequency of antibodies appears to be unduly high. Sperm antigens in the mouse include T locus alleles as well as H-2 and H-Y. The T locus is involved in differentiation. T locus alleles are expressed on early but not late embryos. A search for similar factors in man is in progress. The antigenic differences between sperm and mother and between foetus and mother may be important in natural selection. It is possible that the union of sperm with ovum is non-random and that the ovum can select "compatible" sperm through recognition of cell surface markers present on sperm. Immunologic differences between mother and foetus may cause local "graft-versus-host" reactions in the placenta. This leads to increased placental size and may be a factor in hybrid vigour as well as a protective device. PMID- 47687 TI - Immunocytological methods for the identification and localization of antigens. AB - Immunocytologic techniques allow the study of antigenic cellular constituents by optical or electron microscopy, Antibodies labelled with tracers such as fluorochromes, enzymes, radioactive isotopes, or large electron-dense molecules form the basis of these techniques. The immunochemical procedures involved in the preparation of such conjugates are well defined. Satisfactory results, however, also depend upon the proper preparation and processing of the tissue or cell suspension being studied. PMID- 47688 TI - Long term hazards in immunological methods of fertility control. AB - Long term problems associated with future immunological methods of fertility control include the following: (1) reversibility, (2) unscrupulous use, (3) unphysiological intervention giving rise, among other possibilities, to carcinogenesis, (4) deleterious genetical selection operating on antigens, and (5) deleterious genetical selection operating on the immune response. The first three of these constitute a hazard to individuals, and the last two to populations. None is considered to constitute a threat so serious as to inhibit further research on the subject. We should keep under review future developments in relevant areas of immunology, including particularly cell-cell cooperation as a mechanism in autoimmunity, and immune response genes as the objects of immunoselection. It will be important also to come to terms with the social, political, and economic consequences of any cheap, widely-applicable form of birth control, such as might develop from immunological research. The possibility is raised of wide-spread immunisation against a synthetic immunological determinant, as an aid to fertility control. Another possibility is to make women grandchildless. PMID- 47689 TI - Cellular basis of the immune response. AB - Lymphocytes, the cells competent to initiate immune responses, can be divided into two major groups: thymus-derived or T cells responsible for "cellular immunity" (e.g. delayed hypersensitivity reactions) and bursa (or bursa equivalent) derived or B cells which produce immunoglobulin (antibody) molecules and are involved in "humoral immunity". "Accessory" cells, such as monocytes (or macrophages), polymorphonuclear leucocytes and mast cells act in an auxiliary manner by facilitating antigen processing or presentation, or by liberating factors which modify the various manifestations of the immune response. A variety of interactions between T and B cells and between lymphocytes and accessory cells have been described in both cellular and humoral immunity. Antigen-activated T cells produce factors with various activities: some are involved in recruiting inflammatory cells, others activate macrophages and enhance their microbicidal activities, and others modify B-cell responsiveness either by facilitating or suppressing it. These factors are instrumental in T-cell regulation of immune responsiveness. Antibody produced by B cells also plays a role in immuno regulation, acting either as an immunopotentiating influence or as a negative feedback, e.g. when complexed with antigen, turning off the response of T or B cells. A detailed knowledge of the precise manner in which cells involved in immunity are regulated is essential for an understanding of how the foetus, an essentially "foreign transplant", can survive to term in its immunologically mature "alien" host. PMID- 47690 TI - Structure and function of immunoglobulins. AB - There are five major classes of immunoglobulins - IgG, M, A, D and E. Each is made of two heavy and two light chains or polymers of this basic subunit. The structure of each heavy and light chain consists of a variable region involved in antigen specificity and binding and a constant region which is involved in the class specific properties. The different classes of immunoglobulins differ in the biological properties. Of particular interest is the IgA fraction which provides antibodies in all the external secretions - including the reproductive organs. A few speculations are offered as to the possible role of IgA in reproductive biology. PMID- 47691 TI - [Biosynthesis of antigens of the ABO and Lewis system]. PMID- 47692 TI - Acute viral hepatitis: factors possibly predicting chronic liver disease. AB - A number of clinical, biochemical, immunological and morphological variables were recorded at first admission of 500 consecutive patients with biopsy verified acute viral hepatitis in the period February 1969-June 1972. In February 1973, 28 of these patients had a morphologically documented chronic liver disease: 4 cirrhosis of the liver, 15 chronic aggressive hepatitis, and 9 chronic persistent hepatitis. 74 patients were followed up until morphological normalization took place. The initially recorded variables in the two groups were compared, and the following factors were significantly higher in the group with subsequent development of chronic liver disease:--frequency of drug addicts, median of the highest gammaglobulin, ANA, SMA, partial destruction of the limiting membrane, incidence of piecemeal necrosis, and pronounced plasma cell infiltration in the portal tracts. These preliminary results suggest that factors in the initial phase of acute viral hepatitis can be helpful to some extent in predicting the course and prognosis of the disease. PMID- 47693 TI - Report: Endocrine cells in the kidney. PMID- 47694 TI - A new method for the embedding of small animals and organs in plastic. AB - A new method for embedding of small animal organs in plastic is described. After the material has been fixed in solutions preserving its colour, and dehydrated gradually using an aqueous solution of glycerol and potassium acetate it is embedded in methylmetacrylate. The method is described in detail and involves moulding at minus 5 degrees C. PMID- 47695 TI - The histogenetic-embryologic basis for reappearance of alpha-fetoprotein in endodermal sinus tumors (yolk sac tumors) and teratomas. AB - The mechanism of neosynthesis of the human tumor-associated fetal antigen alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in a variable percentage of patients with testicular, ovarian and extragonadal germ cell tumors has generally been considered unknown or beyond any simple explanation. Of decisive importance is the cellular basis for AFP production 1. in ontogenesis and 2. in malignancy as dependent on an exact tumor histogenesis. Based on (1) the histogenetic-embryologic classification of germ cell tumors and the concept of yolk sac tumor (or endodermal sinus tumor), (2) the available clinical and experimental observations, and (3) the immunofluorescent localization of AFP in the endodermal sinus tumor of the human testis, it is concluded that AFP synthesis in these neoplasms is explained by the fact that they contain yolk sac endoderm, which produce AFP analogous with the physiological AFP synthesis by the fetal yolk sac in early embryogenesis. PMID- 47696 TI - The recognition of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. A very small page from the history of medicine. PMID- 47697 TI - Complement system studies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) AB - Complement system involvement has been studied in 16 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Circulating conversion products of C3 were observed in 4 cases. Low mean values of C4 and C3 were found, while C3 proactivator (properdin factor B) levels were low in only a few of the patients. The levels of C4, C3 and C3 proactivator were not lower in the 4 patients in whom C3 conversion products could be demonstrated than in the others. It is concluded that the low complement values found in SLE may be caused mainly by deficient synthesis. Signs of complement activation are in this patient material demonstrated early in the disease, and chiefly in patients not receiving immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 47698 TI - Nucleolar size in benign and malignant plasma cell proliferation;. AB - Nucleolar and nuclear size of bone marrow plasma cells has been studied in 26 cases of myeloma, 19 of benign essential monoclonal gammapathy (BEMG) and 9 without an M-component. Bone marrow smears were Feulgen-stained to visualize nucleoli and nuclei. Nucleolar area, nuclear area and the ratio nucleolar area/nuclear area were calculated. The myeloma group differed from the other two groups in having plasma cells with larger nucleoli, larger nuclei and an increased ratio nucleolar area/nuclear area. No difference was found between the BEMG group and the cases without an M-component. In some cases--in which the absence of osteolytic lesions at X-ray examination, a low plasma cell percentage in bone marrow smears or a low M-component concentration initially made the diagnosis of myeloma uncertain--the observation of enlarged nucleoli could help to establish the diagnosis. Three cases were observed in which the onset of myeloma was preceded by a long period of essentially unchanged M-component concentration. In these cases a sudden increase of M-component concentration was accompanied by an increase of mean nucleolar size of bone marrow plasma cells. PMID- 47699 TI - Diagnosis of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid by fine needle aspiration biopsy. AB - Fine needle aspiration biopsy has been evaluated as a diagnostic method for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT) in 18 patients with verified hereditary or sporadic MCT. The typical MCT cell was asymmetrical, sometimes triangular and often with a characteristic red granulation in May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining. Eccentrically positioned, multiple nuclei were common. Amyloid was seen both intra- and extracellularly, staining blue-grey or violet with May-Grunwald-Giemsa and with green birefringence in polarized light after staining with alkaline Congo. The method was simple and quick to perform, causing negligible discomfort to the patient. No complications were seen. An adequate bioptic yield was obtained in 15 patients. In 13 of them (87 percent), including one patient with a normal thyroid at clinical examination, a correct diagnosis was reached. PMID- 47700 TI - The thyroid in ulcreative colitis and Crohn's disease. III. The daily fractional turnover of thyroxine. AB - The daily fractional turnover of thyroxine (T4) labelled with 131 I has been determined in 11 patients with ulcerative colitis (uC) of Crohn's disease and 8 controls. The daily fractional turnover of 131I-T4 was significantly increased in the patient group. The daily total disposal of T4 iodine was not significantly different although it was excessive in 3 of the 11 patients. The amount of T4 in plasma did not differ significantly between the patients and the controls. It is concluded that the T4 metabolism is disturbed in UC and Crohn's disease and that excessive losses of T4 iodine can be a cause of iodine depletion in some patients with longstanding and severe disease. PMID- 47701 TI - The thyroid in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. IV. Thyroid hormone binding proteins. AB - The thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), thyroxine binding prealbumin (TBPA), albumin, thyroxine (T(4)) and the triiodothyronine uptake test (T(3)-test) values have been estimated in serum of twenty patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease. The patient group was compared with twenty healthy control subjects matched for sex and age. The T(4) and the T(3)-test values were similar in the two groups. TBPA and albumin in serum were significantly lower, while the TBG values were significantly higher in the patients than in the controls. Treatment with corticosteroids influenced the results significantly. It is also concluded that in UC and Crohn's disease sometimes both the T(4) and the T(3) test values can be abnormal so that misdiagnosis of hyperthyroidism is easy to make. PMID- 47702 TI - Inhibition of adrenal function in man by heparin or heparinoid Ro 1-8307. AB - Heparin and the heparinoid Ro 1-8307 inhibited the secretory rate of aldosterone in physiological or pathological aldosteronism to the level found in normal subjects on liberal sodium intake. In addition, these compounds inhibited corticosterone biosynthesis, although less markedly than that of aldosterone. Indications of interference with cortisol production have not been found. During drug treatment angiotensin, in doses of 5-10 ng/kg b.wt./min, did not stimulate aldosterone secretion. ACTH responsiveness of the adrenals--indicated by the fractional increases of both aldosterone and corticosterone secretory rates- remained unchanged. In two studies heparin had no consistent effect on plasma renin activity. PMID- 47703 TI - Immune-indian ink method for detection of hepatitis A associated antigen and antibody. AB - TIndian-ink grains coated with commercial gamma globulin (immune-Indian-ink) were agglutinated by 3 percent of sera from healthy volunteer blood donors; by 4 percent of those from hospital staff in contact with patients suffering from hepatitis; and by 10 percent of those from patients with viral diseases other than hepatitis, In contrast, the rate of positive reactions was 86 percent in the case of sera taken from patients in the acute phase of an illness diagnosed as hepatitis A on the basis of epidemiological and clinical data. Investigation of serum samples taken serially from patients positive in the acute phase of illness revealed that the immune-Indian-ink agglutinating factor does not persist for long in majority of cases. Two months after discharge from the hospital it was present in 18 percent of the patients only. The reaction proved negative when a limited number of cases diagnosed as hepatitis B were investigated. The immune Indian-ink agglutinating factor was inhibited by all but one of 36 sera taken in the convalescent phase from patients with a diagnosis of hepatitis A. Some sera displaying agglutination with immune-Indian-ink gave a reaction with uncoated Indian-ink, too. Efforts to free the sera from non-specific agglutinating factor by starch-block electrophoresis have led to partial success. Fractionation on Sephadex G-200 columns suggested that in molecular weight (or particle size) the immune-Indian-ink agglutinating factor is smaller than HBsAg and larger than the non-specific agglutinating factor. On the basis of these results it is assumed that the immune-tindian-ink reaction is suitable for detecting an antigen tentatively called IH chi Ag and its antibody (IH chi Ab) specific to hepatitis A. PMID- 47704 TI - Antithrombin III: a backward glance o'er travel'd roads. AB - By devising and applying quantitative methods for the assay of thrombin and autoprothrombin C and by developing techniques for their purification, it was possible to obtain information about the function and properties of antithrombin. The inhibitor is a protein for which the initial purification steps consist of removing fibrinogen from plasma by heating to 56 degrees for 3 min, removing prothrombin complex by absorption on barium carbonate, absorbing the antithrombin on aluminum hydroxide, and eluting with phosphate buffer. Antithrombin is limited in its capacity to neutralize thrombin activity, and, under some conditions, the rate of inhibition was accelerated, but equivocal results were involved. Heparin cofactor was found to be essential for retarding the formation of thrombin, and, by inference, it is essential for retarding the formation of autoprothrombin C. Heparin cofactor and antithrombin III are the same. Thrombin absorbs on fibrin, and this has been referred to as the "antithrombin I effect." Interference with the thrombin-fibrinogen reaction by mixtures of antithrombin III and heparin is called the "antithrombin II henomenon." The acceleration of thrombin inactivation at the time thrombin forms is called the "antithrombin IV effect." It was discovered that antithrombin III neutralizes thrombin, as well as autoprothrombin C. The inhibitor and the enzyme form a mutual depletion system. To assay for antithrombin III, a standard quantity of thrombin (about 1,100U/ml) was reacted with antithrombin III for 2 hr. The percent thrombin inactivated was then measured. In random samples of human blood, a wide range of antithrombin III concentration was found. The inhibitor is relatively stable in plasma and serum. It is not changed in concentration when Dicumarol therapy is instituted. Ether extraction of plasma reduces antithrombin III activity. Seitz filtration of plasma did not remove activity. Under special conditions, antithrombin III enhances esterase activity of thrombin. Under special conditions, thrombin regenerates from the thrombin-antithrombin III complex. Antithrombin III neutralizes the activity of prethrombin-E and thrombin-E; consequently, an active histidine center found in the B1 chain of thrombin is not essential for the binding of antithrombin. Autoprothrombin II-A activity was neutralized by antithrombin III. Autoprothrombin C was found to be neutralized by antithrombin III; the amounts required varied with the molecular forms of autoprothrombin C. Thrombin and autoprothrombin C apparently occupy the same binding sites on antithrombin III. An equation was developed to account for all the known characteristics of antithrombin III functions. The kinetic aspects of thrombin neutralization were found to correspond exactly with those of autoprothrombin C. Antithrombin III is a high-capacity inhibitor of the two most powerful enzymes in blood coagulation. PMID- 47705 TI - Axonal flow and fast transport in nerves. PMID- 47706 TI - Letter: Ventricular premature contractions and A-V conduction. I. PMID- 47707 TI - Letter: Ventricular premature contractions and A-V conduction. II. PMID- 47708 TI - The symbolic context of Chinese medicine: a comparative approach to the study of traditional medical and psychiatric forms of care in Chinese culture. AB - This article explores a distinctly different aspect of Chinese medicine, and of health care in Chinese culture, from that receiving most attention and serious study at present in this country. It examines the symbolic structure and significance of illness and care in the Chinese context by (a) applying concepts developed in anthropology and the cross-cultural study of medicine and psychiatry; (b) examining recent studies of folk and popular forms of health care in contemporary Chinese communities; and (c) raising questions about the congnitive structure, cultural background, and bio-social significance of traditional Chinese healing beliefs and practices. An attempt is made to place this analysis in a comparative framework, so that Chinese cases can be related to health care systems in other cultural settings. PMID- 47709 TI - Roentgenographic calcifications in carcinoma of the thyroid. PMID- 47712 TI - Preventing emboli after total hip replacement. PMID- 47710 TI - Polymporphism of human C-band heterochromatin. II. Family studies with suggestive evidence for somatic crossing over. AB - An analysis of the inherited pattern of C-band heterochromatin has been made in five pedigrees containing a total of 33 offspring that were available for analysis. The majority of variants were found to be inherited; however, at least seven of the 99 variants were not present in either parent, and an additional seven differed from the parental variant by either a morphological change or the appearance of mosaicism. It is believed that the polymorphism of human constitutive heterochromatin arises from a mismatching of the repetitive DNA sequences contained in these regions with subsequent unequal crossing over. Further, the observed mosaic patterns provide suggestive evidence that such an event occurs in somatic cells as well as during meiosis. PMID- 47711 TI - Massive polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia E, eosinophilia and increased IgE bearing lymphocytes. AB - A patient (E.M.) with marked eosinophilia and hyperimmunoglobulin E (IgE) has been followed for 4 years. Peripheral blood eosinophilia reached levels in excess of 18,000 cells/mm3 and serum IgE concentration increased to more than 210,000 units/ml (about 0.48 mg IgE/ml). The IgE has both lambda and kappa light chains and is therefore considered polyclonal. The patient has an increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes which stain for surface IgE. Transfer of the patient's plasma (plasmsEM) to a rhesus monkey did not induce peripheral boood eosinophilia. The half life of IgEEM in a rhesus monkey was 2.2 days, which is similar to the half life of myeloma IgE in human subjects. The condition was not associated with defined morbidity except for mild persistent pruritus. Various studies revealed no evidence for atopic parasitic, immune deficiency or neoplastic disease. PMID- 47713 TI - Synaptic lamellae in retinoblastoma. AB - During the electron microscopic examination of the retinoblastoma in a 21-month old girl, we found numerous synaptic lamellae and synaptic vesicles in addition to other known features. These lamellae and vesicles can be regarded as additional proof of the neural origin of retinoblastoma. PMID- 47714 TI - Kayser-Fleischer ring and associated cataract in Wilson's disease. AB - A 22-year-old woman with hepatolenticular degeneration, or Wilson's disease, was note clinically to have Kayser-Fleischer rings and associated cataracts. Histopathologic, histochemical, and electron microscopic study of the cornea showed deposition of copper in the peripheral Descemet's membrane, with excessive accumulation in Hassall-Henel warts. Copper deposits were also noted in the anterior and posterior lens capsule without the presence of degenerative changes in the epithelial or cortical cells of the lens. We propose that cellular activity is required for the depostion of copper material into the thick basement membranes of the cornea and lens, in contrast to the concept of simple diffusion. PMID- 47715 TI - Alterations in the upper facial growth of Macaca mulatta resulting from high-pull headgear. AB - Four prepubertal Macaca mulatta monkeys, ranging in age from 13 to 24 months, were used in an investigation of the effects of high-pull headgear (to a face bow) therapy on the growth of the upper facial skeleton. Amalgam bone implants were placed across the frontomaxillary, frontozygomatic, zygomaticomaxillary, and zygomaticotemporal sutures in each animal. Three of the monkeys wore appliances consisting of a maxillary dental spling, a face-bow, two coil springs, and an acrylic helmet. The fourth monkey (control) wore only a dental splint and a face bow. A continuous high-pull headgear force of 300 grams per side was applied to the three monkeys for 81, 87 and 89 days, respectively, before death. Procion brilliant red 8-HBS vital stain was administered to all four animals at the start of and 3 days before the end of the treatment period. The facial growth patterns were determined from lateral cephalograms taken before and after treatment, from direct measurement of implant separation at the sutures, and from histologic sections of the four mentioned facial sutures. PMID- 47716 TI - Transcatheter embolization of renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 47717 TI - Palliative surgery for benign superior vena caval syndrome. PMID- 47719 TI - Quantification of Coomassie Blue stained proteins in polyacrylamide gels based on analyses of eluted dye. PMID- 47718 TI - Corneal superficial unwettable defect. II. Electron microscopic study. AB - Corneal biopsy specimens of 6 patients with this particular affection were studies with the electron microscope. In addition to the routine electron microscopic methods, staining with ruthenium red was performed on one excised specimen. Marked changes were found in the region of Bowman's membrane, which was altered either superficially or in its total width. Its collagen fibrils became rough and intensively electron-dense, forming a granular or structureless trabecular meshwork. Intertrabecular spaces were filled with special electron lucent material, which also formed a continuous layer on the surface of the altered Bowman's membrane. Filamentous structures resembling fingerprints were observed in certain areas of these spaces; and after staining with ruthenium red, numerob granules were also visible. Both these structures are considered by the author to be acid mucopolysaccharides. There is further discussed on the correlation of these findings with previous histochemical findings; the author gives special attention to the question whether waxy substances-eye ointment bases-could have been deposited in the pathologically altered Bowman's membrane. PMID- 47720 TI - Nigrosine staining of wheat endosperm proteolipid patterns on starch gels. PMID- 47721 TI - The effects of various fixative-buffer combinations on lung fine structure. AB - A variety of fixatives, buffers and fixation procedures were compared in rat and squirrel monkey lung in an attempt to preserve optimally both the cytologic details of pulmonary parenchyma as well as the acellular avelolar lining layer. In initial experiments utilizing the fixative of Ito and Karnovsky ('68), an electron-dense deposit was observed on the alveolar surface. Experiments were carried out in an attempt to determine what component of this fixative was responsible for the reaction product observed. In addition,immersion fixation of tissue blocks was compared to the whole lung fixation method of Kikkawa ('70). Kikkawa ('70) achieved excellent preservation of the acellular alveolar lining layer by such a fixation technique. In all lungs examined, whenever a phosphate buffer was utilized with primary aldehyde fixation, an electron-dense precipitate was observed on the luminal surfaces of the type I and II pulmonary epithelial cells. Additional sites of reaction product were pinocytotic vesicles of the type I cells and membranous arrays within the alveolar lumen. Such deposits were never observed when a sodium cacodylate buffer was used. No such granules were observed in areas of lung where the acellular alveolar lining layer had been preserved. The implications of these findings with regard to lung histochemical procedures and the possible relationship of these phosphate buffer dependent granules to the surfactant system are discussed. PMID- 47722 TI - Effects of large doses of intravenous atropine on heart rate and arterial pressure of anesthetized patients. AB - A bolus of 3 mg. of atropine was given intravenously (I.V.) TO 123 ANESTHETIZED PATIENTS. Increases in heart rate were seen in 109 patients (88 percent), while 7 patients (5.7 percent) had no change. A mean increase in systolic arterial blood pressure of 14 mm. Hg was noted. A certain pattern in increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure was observed. Ninety-six percent of the patients under cyclopropane, fluroxene, ether, ketamine, or regional (spinal or epidural) anesthesia had heart-rate increases, compared with only 77 to 89 percent of the patients anesthetized with halothane, enflurane, or neuroleptanalgesics. Rise in systolic blood pressure was seen in 40 to 50 percent of the former, but only in 31 to 40 percent of the latter group. The arrhythmias observed were transient A-V junctional tachycardias in three instances and bigeminal rhythm in one patient under cyclopropane anesthesia, The administration of a vagolytic dose of atropine to anesthetized patients appears not to be as arrhythmogenic as previously considered. PMID- 47723 TI - Letter: Audio-visual cassettes for patient information. PMID- 47724 TI - Evaluation of a sound-slide program for patient education. PMID- 47725 TI - Avian infectious bronchitis: characteristics of the virus and antigenic types. PMID- 47726 TI - Potential for polyvalent infectious bronchitis vaccines. AB - Numerous antigenic types and subtypes of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) have been isolated and characterized from field epornitics of infectious bronchitis (IB). Thus obvious failures in obtaining the necessary protection from vaccination have been documented and they underscore the urgent need for vaccines which stimulate a broader spectrum of protection from heterologous IBV challenge than is presently obtained. If polyvalent IB vaccines are to be employed, assurance must be provided that variant IBV serotypes are not indiscriminately spread throughout the country or globe. Furthermore, possible interference, alteration, and reduction in immune response with the component antigens should be critically evaluated. Differences and comparative levels of postvaccinal respiratory signs with the different antigens, used singly and in combination, should be determined. As an alternative to polyvalent IB vaccines, certain Massachusetts-type strains, e.g., a Holland isolate IBV, at different passage levels in the authors' laboratory, have induced heterologous and homologous protection to some serotypes causing vexing field problems. Advantages are present in using a single antigenic type IB vaccine, if it is safe and effective, when compared to polyvalent vaccines. The absence of a serologic relationship to the results of immunity challenge is frequent with IBV isolates, which emphasizes that challenge results are considerably more important. In some IB problems, on a local or regional basis, autogenous vaccines may be indicated. Because of the multiplicity of IBV serotypes, however, it is doubtful that completely effective and safe IB vaccines will be forthcoming in the near future to satisfy the diverse needs of a dynamic poultry industry. PMID- 47727 TI - Effect of humoral antibodies on the course of Theileria parva infection (East Coast fever) of cattle. AB - A study was made of the effects of serum and gamma-globulins from vaccinated cattle (donor cattle) given to cattle (principals) exposed to Theileria parva infection (East Coast fever (ECF)). The principals were treated with normal serum, with serum containing high antibody titer against T parva (as evaluated by the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) technique), or with globulins prepared from normal and from immune serums. For exposure, the principals were inoculated with standardized suspension of the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus containing T parva infective particles. Comparison was made between treatments with normal serum and globulin and treatments with immune serum and globulin, using observations of time lapse after exposure to febrile response (39.5 C), to appearance of T parva macroschizonts, and to death. In addition, hematologic changes were determined. Neither the establishment of infection nor the clinical and hematologic changes in the principals were influenced by their treatment with immune serum or concentrated globulins; all died of ECF. Humoral antibodies did not protect cattle against fatal ECF, nor was enhancement of T parva infection observed. PMID- 47729 TI - Neuroepithelial bodies in the human child and adult lung. PMID- 47728 TI - A possible relationship between delayed hypersensitivity and cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 47730 TI - Investigation into the relationship of M ulcerans to M. buruli and other mycobacteria. AB - The main characteristics of Mycoplasma ulcerans are its remarkably distinct drug sensitivity pattern and its rather poor enzymatic activity. M. microti is clearly distinguishable from M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. Some of the M. buruli strains appear to be identical with M. ulcerans, Whereas others show similarity either to M. microti or to M. tuberculosis. It seems that M. buruli is not a legitimate species. PMID- 47731 TI - Adrenergic theory: application to clinical and experimental surgery. PMID- 47732 TI - The fate of cartilage grafts for ossicular reconstruction in tympanoplasty. AB - Summary--Six autograft tragal cartilages and two preserved homograft nasal septal cartilages removed from revision tympanoplasty were examined with histologic and histochemical stains. The implanted cartilage remained in the middle ear from six months to eighteen months without significant inflammatory reaction or evidence of resorption. It appears that the implanted cartilages removed from tympanoplasty have been well tolerated in the middle ear space. PMID- 47733 TI - A contribution to the physiology of the perilymph. Part IV: Effect of histamine on the cochlear microcirculation. AB - Summary--Because of the topography of the perilymphatic vascular network, the cochlear microcirculation is especially sensitive to the effect of vasoactive substances reaching the perilymphatic space. The cochlear microcirculation is mainly controlled humorally, via the activity of the metarterioles and changes in the flow properties of the blood. Intracochlear histamine reduces the cochlear circulation even more markedly than after intracarotid administration. No systematic effects of parenteral administration of vasoactive substances can be expected on the cochlear circulation. Reversible auditory disorders after stapedectomy may be explicable by the intracochlear release of histamine. The internal release of histamine after sunstroke and cold stress may play a part in sudden dusturbances of hearing. PMID- 47734 TI - [An unusual case of an oesophago-tracheal neoplasic fistula. Palliative treatment by oesophago-coloplasty: survival for three years (author's transl)]. PMID- 47735 TI - Etiologic factors in carcinoma of the prostate. AB - A staining method is presented by which azocarmine combines with spermine to form a poorly soluble red precipitate highlighted against the yellow cytoplasm of positive cells achieved by counterstaining with metanil yellow. In the prostate, the spermine-dye complex was abundant in normal acinar epithelial cells, moderate in the epithelial cells of hyperplastic glands, and moderate to absent in carcinoma cells. Spermine is evidently concerned with stabilizing the structure of desoxyribose nucleic acid and probably of proteins, notably several zinc metalloenzymes. Diagnosis and treatment of carcinoma of the prostate should include an adequate basic diet, retention of testes, hormonal treatment oriented toward testicular, pituitary and hypothalamic hormones; zinc--ordinary and radioactive; and utilization of spermine and precursors. PMID- 47736 TI - Neural control of the posterior pituitary. PMID- 47738 TI - Partial purification and properties of DNA polymerases from JLS-V10 cells. PMID- 47737 TI - Degradation of lindane by Escherichia coli. AB - Lindane was degraded by Escherichia coli isolated from rat feces. About 10% of the added lindane was metabolized by the bacterium in Trypticase soy broth containing the pesticide. A single metabolite, 2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-1 cyclohexene, was detected and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. PMID- 47740 TI - Maturation of periodontal connective tissue in new-born rat incisor. PMID- 47739 TI - Observations on phagocytosis of urate crystals by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - The sequence of events that may initiate the inflammatory reaction in acute gout has been investigated with specific reference to phagocytosis of urate crystals by polymorphonuclear leucocytes and the results have shown (1) that neutrophil leucocytes avidly ingest microcrystals of sodium monourate, (2) that this causes the rapid degranulation and disintegration of the leucocytes, (3) that fresh leucocytes ingest the debris and crystals liberated by the dead cells, and in their turn degranulate and die, thus possibly establishing a vicious circle in the system. PMID- 47741 TI - A histological and histochemical study of the matrices of enameloid and dentine in teleost fishes. PMID- 47742 TI - Two-way cross-reactions between serotypes of Actinomyces viscosus. PMID- 47743 TI - [Operative treatment of old radial head in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - On 9 old posttraumatic dislocations of the radial head in childhood open reduction was carried out and fixed with ligamental graft 3--19 months after the accident. In 4 cases the result was excellent while 2 cases showed a satisfying result. One out of 3 bad results, found in a 4-year-old child, was supposed to be a connatal dislocation of head of radius. Following our findings good results can be only expected when the operative treatment is carried out not longer than 10 months after the accident. The result does not depend on the operative method. PMID- 47746 TI - 3-hydroxy-5-methylproline, a new amino acid identified as a component of actinomycin Z1. PMID- 47745 TI - Simultaneous purification of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and gs-antigen from Rauscher leukemia virus. PMID- 47744 TI - Parasystolic property of the ectopic focus. AB - Among 4476 ECGs recorded from May 1972 to April 1973, 206 ECGs showed various arrhythmias. All ECGs showing any kind of arrhythmia were recorded for 2 to 4 minutes in order to obtain more than 3 premature beats in one tracing. Of 141 ECGs with premature beats from 126 cases, more than 2 interectopic parasystolic intervals could be measured in 122 cases (96.8% of those with premature beats and 2.7% of all the patients examined). More than 3 coupling intervals could be measured in 117 patients with premature beats. In only 13 of these 117 cases (11.1%), the coupling interval varied less than 0.04 second and less than 0.02 second in 2 cases (1.7%). 1) The parasystolic cycle length ranged between less than 0.20 and more than 2.51 seconds with 82.8% of them being in a range between 0.21 and 1.00 second. 2) The fluctuation rate of the parasystolic cycle length ranged between less than 1.0 and more than 15.1. It was between less than 1.0 and 5.0 in 56,6%, between 5.1 and 10.0 in 30.0% and between 10.1 and more than 15.1 in 13.1%. 3) Fusion beats were observed in 44 of 122 cases in which the interectopic parasystolic cycle length could be determined (36.1%). Of these 44 fusions 14 were found in atrial, 14 in A-V junctional and 16 in ventricular parasystole. 4) Theories of re-entry and ectopic enhancement were discussed. PMID- 47747 TI - Anticoagulant activity of 3,3'-alkylthioalkylidene- and 3,3'-(5 alkylthiofurfurylidene)-bis-4-hydroxycoumarins and their oxidation products. PMID- 47748 TI - Some quantitative investigations of the binding to and the displacement of bishydroxycoumarin from human serum albumin. PMID- 47749 TI - Bleomycin inhibition of DNA synthesis in isolated enzyme systems and in intact cell systems. PMID- 47750 TI - Comparison of the specificty of human and bovine tuberculin PPD for testing cattle. 1--Republic of Ireland. AB - A tuberculin testing trial in cattle was carried out in the Republic of Ireland to compare the specificity for bovine tuberculosis of a human purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin (Weybridge) with that of a bovine PPD (Rotterdam), and to determine whether discrimination between specific and non-specific reactions to mammalian tuberculin is better with doses of tuberculins smaller than those traditonally used for testing cattle. Tests were carried out in 510 cattle, 395 of which were shown by post mortem examination to be tuberculous and 115 non-tuberculous. Three dilutions at five-fold intervals of both mammalian tuberculins were used together with two dose levels of avian tuberculin PPD (Weybridge), and all reactions were measured both by increase in skin fold thickness and by diameter of induration. In the environment of this trial, the bovine PPD was shown to be more specific for bovine tuberculosis than the human PPD, and particularly in differentiating from "skin tuberculosis". There was no indication of greater specificity at lower doses of tuberculin. Measurement of induration diameter proved a satisfactory alternative method of reading tuberculin reactions in cattle under field conditions. PMID- 47751 TI - Comparison of the specificity of human and bovine tuberculin PPD for testing cattle. 2. South-eastern England. AB - A tuberculin testing trial was carried out in eight counties of south-eastern England to compare the specificity for bovine tuberculosis of Weybridge human PPD with that of Rotterdam bovine PPD. The matching of these two tuberculins for potency in naturally infected cattle had already been established, the bovine PPD being approximately one-and-a-half times more potent than the human PPD per unit of weight. In 1110 cattle in 25 herds with histories of long-standing freedom from tuberculosis and in which non-specific tuberculin sensitivity was present, cross reactions were less to the bovine PPD than to the human PPD, showing that in the environment of this trial the bovine PPD was more specific than the human PPD. Induration diameter was a satisfactory alternative to skin thickening as a measure of tuberculin reactions in cattle under field conditions. Due to the steep slope of the dose-response curves of the avian PPD in the different groups of non-tuberculous cattle, the discriminating power of the comparative test, using avian and mammalian tuberculins, was less at lower doses of tuberculin. Concentrations of 1-0 mg per ml of bovine PPD and 0-5 mg per ml of avian PPD are recommended for use in a comparative tuberculin test. PMID- 47752 TI - Comparison of the specificity of human and bovine tuberculin PPF for testing cattle. 3. National trial in Great Britain. AB - A field trial on a country-wide basis was undertaken to compare the specificity for bovine tuberculosis of single and comparative tuberculin tests in cattle using either Weybridge human or Weybridge bovine PPD. The tests were made on 10,305 cattle in 179 herds distributed throughout all regions of England, Scotland and Wales. Results showed that a comparative tuberculin test using avian PPD with either human or bovine PPD had a much higher efficiency than a single injection of mammalian tuberculin in the neck of cattle, and confirmed that a comparative test is still essential in the British environment. Weybridge bovine PPD gave significantly better discrimination between tuberculous and non tuberculous cattle than Weybridge human PPD when used together with avian PPD in a comparative tuberculin test. The diameter of induration gave an absolute measure of the extent of oedema, if present, and induration diameter used in conjunction with skin thickening increased the sensitivity and specificity of the test. Rules of interpretation were developed and are presented for an intradermal comparative tuberculin test in cattle using Weybridge avian and bovine PPDs. PMID- 47753 TI - Concealed AV junctional extrasystoles simulating second-degree sinoatrial block. AB - Concealed AV junctional extrasystoles are described which, conducted in a restrograde manner to the sinoatrial junction, interfere with sinus impulses, thus simulating a second-degree, 2:1, sinoatrial block. PMID- 47754 TI - Replacement of class instruction in histology by audio-tape and booklet self instruction sessions. AB - A system of self-instruction in histology is described, using audio-tape and booklet instruction to supplement the microscopical examination of tissue sections. A pilot test demonstrated a slight superiority in retention of knowledge among students using this system, compared with those in the conventional class. PMID- 47755 TI - Amniotic fluid alpha1fetoprotein in the diagnosis of neural tract malformations. AB - Amniotic fluid alpha1fetoprotein levels were determined in 400 pregnancies. The normal range for alpha1fetoprotein in amniotic fluid was defined by 350 samples from normal pregnancies. Elevated levels of alpha1fetoprotein were detected in 17 out of 18 pregnancies which gave rise to infants with neural tract abnormalities. The significance of this test in the antenatal diagnosis of neural tract abnormalities is discussed together with the possible reasons for "false negative" and "false positive" results. There were no complications in an individual series of 105 consecutive amniocenteses. PMID- 47756 TI - Large peptides of bovine and guinea pig myelin basic proteins produced by limited peptic hydrolysis. AB - Bovine and guinea pig myelin basic proteins were cleaved with pepsin at pH 3.0 or pH 6.0 (enzyme/substrate, 1:500, w/w), and the peptides were isolated and identified. At pH 3.0 cleavage of the bovine protein occurred principally at three sites: Phe-Phe (88-89), Phe-Phe (42-43), and Leu-Asp (36-37). Minor cleavages occurred at Leu-Ser (110-111), Phe-Ser (113-114), and Ile-Phe (152 153). A study of the time course of the hydrolysis showed that the reaction was biphasic; nearly all of the protein was cleaved at Phe-Phe (88-89) before significant cleavages at other sites occurred. At pH 6.0 cleavage of the bovine protein occurred almost exclusively at a single site, the Phe-Phe bond at position 88-89, resulting in bisection of the protein. Treatment of the guinea pig protein with pepsin under the same conditions resulted in the production of peptides which were identical with those of the bovine protein in chromatographic and electrophoretic properties and in N-terminal and C-terminal residues but which differed slightly in amino acid composition. PMID- 47757 TI - Complexity of cytoplasmic RNA in different mouse tissues measured by hybridization of polyadenylated RNA to complementary DNA. AB - The kinetics of hybridization of polyadenylated RNA from mouse L-cells with complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesized with reverse transcriptase revealed three classes of differing abundance. The simplest interpretation requires three frequency classes representing polyadenylated RNA; 5, 45, and 50 percent of the total polyadenylated RNA and about 3, 300, and 7600 different RNA sequences of 6 times 10-5 daltons, respectively. The complementary DNA synthesized with L-cell polyadenylated RNA as template hybridized efficiently with RNA from different mouse tissues, indicating that most species of the L-cell RNA in the highand middle frequency class are present in all mouse tissues. Kinetics of hybridization of complementary DNA synthesized with cytoplasmic polyadenylated brain RNA as template suggested a higher complexity for brain RNA. Thirty-five percent of this brain cDNA failed to hybridize with L-cell RNA. This complementary DNA fraction, isolated by hydroxylapatite chromatography, represented approximately 11,000 RNA sequences specific for the brain. On the other hand, hybridization of complementary DNA synthesized on polyadenylated mouse liver RNA with L-cell RNA failed to demonstrate differences between these two groups of polyadenylated RNA. PMID- 47758 TI - Exposure of histone antigenic determinants in chromatin. AB - The exposure of antigenic determinants of histones present in "native" chromatin was studied by: (1) testing their ability to elicit anti-histone antibodies and (2) measuring their ability to interact with anti-histone sera. To this end, antisera specific to purified histone fractions and to purified rat liver chromatin were elicited in rabbits. The anti-chromatin sera did not react with pure histone fractions and pure histone fractions F2b, F3, F2a1, and F2a2 failed to inhibit the complement fixation resulting from the binding of anti-chromatin to chromatin. These results suggest that in native chromatin, determinants in these histones are not immunogenic. Histone F1, however, inhibited the reaction between chromatin and anti-chromatin. Antisera elicited by histone fractions reacted weakly with "native" chromatin. The maximal complement fixations (obtained with 5-10 mug of chromatin DNA) were as follows: 60% with anti-F2b, 20% with anti-F1 and anti-F3, and less than 5% with either anti-F2a1 or anti-F2a2. Studies of the interaction between anti-histone antibodies and chromatin in which chromatin was used as an immunoadsorbent indicated that antibodies against different histones were adsorbed to a different degree by the same amount of chromatin. Differences in the immunoadsorbing capacity between sonicated and nonsonicated chromatin were found. Quantitative adsorbtion studies revealed that in the "native" chromatin structure, antigenic determinants of F1 and F2b were more available to interact with homologous antibody than those of F3 and F2a1 and that determinants in F2a2 were the least available. It could be calculated that the "equivalent antigenicity" of the histones in chromatin was 9.6% for F1, 3.2% for F2b, and 0.90% for F3 and F2a1. Upon sonication these values did not change for F1 but increased two-, three-, and fourfold for F2b, F3, and F2a1, respectively. Digestion of chromatin with trypsin totally abolished the ability of chromatin to adsorb anti-histone antibodies. PMID- 47759 TI - Inhibition of photosystem II by uncouplers at alkaline pH and its reversal by artificial electron donors. AB - When chloroplasts are aged for 5 min at pH 9.6, or are exposed to uncouplers at pH 8.5-9.0, electron flow from water to Hill acceptors is inhibited. Both treatments induce rapid millisecond dark decay of delayed light emission. 3-(3,4 Dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-sensitive electron transport through Photosystem II can be regenerated in both types of inhibited chloroplasts by the artificial electron donor, 1, 5-diphenylcarbohydrazide. Neither treatment inhibits electron flow through Photosystem I. Uncouplers at alkaline pH, when added in the light, are less effective in producing the inhibition than when added in the dark. These results are interpreted as indicating inhibition of the oxygen-evolving apparatus by alkaline intrathylakoid pH. PMID- 47760 TI - Mitochondria from human term placenta. II. Characterization of respiratory pathways and coupling mechanisms. AB - Pathways of electron transport utilized for respiration in human term placental mitochondrial preparations were differentiated and characterized through the use of classical respiratory chain inhibitors and multiple sources of reducing equivalents. Mechanisms of associated energy conservation and utilization were examined in the preparations with uncouplers and inhibitors of phosphorylation. Inhibition by rotenone, antimycin A and cyanide established the classical electron transport chain as the major pathway of respiration with glutamate and succinate as substrates. Approximately 20% of glutamate-supported respiration was insensitive to inhibitors and may proceed by the cytochrome P-450 linked pathway of electron transport. Approximately 50% of ascorbate-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p phenylenediamine supported respiration was insensitive to 10-3 M cycanide and must utilize an undefined by-pass of cytochrome oxidase. A rotenone- and antimycin-insensitive, exterior pathway for NADH oxidation was demonstrated which could be artificially linked by exogenous cytochrome c to the cytochrome oxidase region of the classical electron transport system. Glycerol 3-phosphate also supported oxidative phosphorylation yielding ADP/O ratios of 2. Respiration of placental mitochondria was stimulated by 2,4-dinitrophenol and gramicidin. With succinate, dinitrophenol-stimulated respiration exceeded that obtained in the presence of ADP. Oligomycin and atractyloside prevented the stimulation of respiration by ADP. Thus, respiration appeared coupled through normal mechanisms to ATP formation and ion transport. A preferential coupling of respiration to the energy-utilizing processes of steroid hormone biosynthesis may exist. PMID- 47761 TI - Phosphoprotein phosphatases for myelin basic protein in myelin and cytosol fractions of brain. AB - Phosphoprotein phosphatase (phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase EC 3.1.3.16) activity for myelin basic protein was found to be present in the myelin fraction of rat brain. The enzyme activity was in a latent form and solubilized by 0.2% Triton X 100 treatment with about 50% increase of activity. The cytosol fraction from bovine brain also had phosphoprotein phosphatase activity for myelin basic protein, which was resolved into at least two peaks of activity on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Myelin basic protein was the best substrate for both the solubilized myelin fraction and the cytosol enzymes among the substrate proteins tested. The Km values of the solubilized myelin fraction were 4.2 muM for myelin basic protein, 7.4 muM for arginine-rich histone, 8.0 muM for histone mixture and 14.3 muM for protamine, respectively. PMID- 47762 TI - Activity, isoenzyme pattern, and synthesis of UDPglucose 4-epimerase during differtiation of Physarium polycephalum. AB - 1. The specific activity of UDPglucose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2) increases by about 50% during the first 24 h of starvation-induced differentiation (spherulation) of Physarum polycephalum. 2. At all stages during differentiation, the enzyme activity is very sensitive to actinomycin-C and cycloheximide, inhibitors of transcription and translation, with a half life against cycloheximide of about 20 min (if added 12 h after the induction of differentiation). 3. The isoenzyme pattern, as revealed by isoelectric focusing in sucrose gradients, does not change during spherulation. One main band with a pI of 6.7, with a shoulder (pI 7.6) and a minor band (pI 6.0) was observed in extracts both from growing and differentiating cultures. 4. Density labelling experiments using deuterated amino acids with subsequent analysis by equilibrium density gradient sedimentation in 15-35% (w/w) metrizamide gradients revealed a rather slow rate of enzyme synthesis, which is in contrast to the observed high sensitivity against actinomycin-C and cycloheximide. PMID- 47763 TI - The phosphorylation site associated with the oxidation of exogenous donors of electrons to photosystem I. AB - 1. The Photosystem I-mediated transfer of electrons from diaminodurene, diaminotolune and reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol to methylviologen is optimal at pH 8-8.5, where phosphorylation is also maximal. In the presence of superoxide dismutase, the efficiency of phosphorylation rises from smaller than or equal to 0.1 at pH 6.5 to 0.6-0.7 at pH 8-8.5, regardless of the exogenous electron donor used. 2. The apparent Km (at pH 8.1) for diaminodurene is 6-10 minus 4 M and for diaminotoluene is 1.2- 10- minus 3 M. The concentrations of diaminodurene and diaminotoluene required to saturate the electron transport processes are greater than 2 mM and greater than 5 mM, respectively. At these higher electron donor concentrations the rates of electron transport are markedly increased by phosphorylation (1.5-fold) or by uncoupling conditions (2-fold). 3. Kinetic analysis of the transfer of electrons from reduced 2,6 dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIPH2) to methylviogen indicates that two reactions with very different apparent Km values for DCIPH2 are involved. The rates of electron flux through both pathways are increased by phosphorylation or uncoupling conditions although only one of the pathways is coupled to ATP formation. No similar complications are observed when diaminodurene or diaminotoluene serves as the electron donor. 4. In the diaminodurene yields methylviologen reaction, ATP formation and that part of the electron transport dependent upon ATP formation are partially inhibited by the energy transfer inhibitor HgC12. This partial inhibition of ATP formation rises to about 50 percent at less than 1 atom of mercury per 20 molecules of chlorophyll, then does not further increase until very much higher levels of mercury are added. 5. It is suggested that exogenous electron donors such as diaminodurene, diaminotoluene and DCIPH2 can substitute for an endogenous electron carrier in donating electrons to cytochrome f via the mercury-sensitive coupling site (Site I) located on the main electron-transporting chain. If this is so, there would seem to be no reason for postulating yet another coupling site on a side branch of the electron transport chain in order to account for cyclic photophosphorylation. PMID- 47764 TI - A partial reaction in photosystem II: reduction of silicomolybdate prior to the site of dichlorophenyldimethylurea inhibition. AB - Silicomolybdate functions as an electron acceptor in a Photosystem II water oxidation (measured as O2 evolution) partial reaction that is 3-(3,4 dichlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea (DCMU) insensitive, that is, reduction os silicomolybdate occurs at or before the level of Q, the primary electron acceptor for Photosystem II. This report characterizes the partial reaction with the principal findings being as follows: 1. Electron transport to silicomolybdate significantly decreased room temperature Photosystem I side of the DCMU had no effect on the fluorescence level, consistent with silicomolybdate accepting electrons at or before Q. In the absence of DCMU, silicomolybdate is also reduced at a site on the Photosystem I side of the DCMU block, prior to or at plastoquinone, since the plastoquinone antagonist dibromothymoquinone (DBMIB) did not affect the electron transport rate. 3. Electron transport from water to silicomolybdate (+ DCMU) is not coupled to ATP formation, nor is there a measurable accumulation of protons within the membrane (measured by amine uptake). Silicomolybdate is not inhibitory to phosphorylation per se since neither cyclic nor post-illumination (XE) phosphorylation were inhibited. 4. Uncouplers stimulated electron transport from water to silicomolybdate in the pH range of 6 to 7, but inhibited at pH values near 8. These data are consistent with the view that when electron flow is through the abbreviated sequence of water to Photosystem II to silicomolybdate (+ DCMU), conditions are not established for the water protons to be deposited within the membrane. Experiments reported elsewhere (Fiaquinta, R.T., Dilley, R.A. and Horton, P.(19741 J. Bioenerg. 6, 167-177) and these data, are consistent with the hypothesis that electron transport between Q and plastoquinone energizes a membrane conformational change that is required to interact with the water oxication system so as to result in the deposition of water protons either within the membrane itself or within the inner oxmotic space. PMID- 47765 TI - Migration of ribosomes along the axons of the chick visual pathway. AB - The axoplasmic migration of ribosomes has been detected in the visual system of the chick. Monocular injection of radioactive uridine or an amino acid mixture was followed by sedimentation analysis in sucrose or cesium sulfate density gradients, of ribosomes prepared from the retinae of injected eyes and the left and right optic lobes. By this means both RNA and protein components of ribosomes were found to migrate from the retina to the innervated contralateral optic lobe. Following denervation of the distal nerve segment by eye removal, the stability of the transported RNA was reduced, suggesting its presynaptic location. The transport of RNA was not significantly imparied by intraocular injection of inhibitors of informational RNA or mitochondrial RNA synthesis prior to injection of radioactive uridine but was depressed by a low dose of actinomycin D. PMID- 47766 TI - Axoplasmic transport of a brain-specific soluble protein. AB - The rate and extent of axoplasmic transport of the brain-specific soluble protein (14-3-2 protein) has been investigated in the avian visual system. 1-day-old chicks were injected monocularly with tritiated proline, Incorporation of the isotope into the 14-3-2 protein synthesized within the retina of the injected eye, as well as the appearance of the labeled protein in the optic lobes was determined at 6 h and 6 days. These time periods were chosen to distinguish between the rapid and slow phases of axophlasmic flowmfollowing preparation of high-speed supernatant fractions, dialysis, chromatography on Sephadex G-150 and immunoprecipitation with specific antiserum, identification of the labeled 14-3-2 protein was carried out by sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel analysis of the radioactive immunoprecipitates; 6 days after isotope administration, approxo% of the 14-3-2 protein synthesized in the chick retina had been transported to the contralateral optic lobe. By contrast, at 6 h no labeled 14-3-2 protein was detectablemthus, transport of this neuronal protein appears to be relatively slow process with little or no rapid component. PMID- 47767 TI - A new uroflowmeter for routine clinical use. AB - A uroflowmeter has been produced using a simple strain gauge transducer system with a performance that has been optimised to provide various micturition parameters with an accuracy consistent with the known physiological range. The total cost of the uroflowmeter is around L140 including the digital read-out. The results from over 300 patients have been collected and the flow curves of over 100 of these have been obtained. It is hoped that we can define a set of clinically significant parameters from each flow curve and correlate these against their associated urological conditions. Since, with the majority of patients, only one test is carried out, the parameters would also have to be significant for a single result. PMID- 47768 TI - Ectopic beat analysis of continuous ambulatory (Holter) recordings. PMID- 47769 TI - [Reproduction of the anaphylactic reaction of isolated human smooth muscle organs and the effect of several adrenotropic substances]. AB - A comparative study was carried out of passive sensitization of the lungs, bronchi, small and large intestine by the blood sera of patients sensitive to ambrosia pollen. Passive sensitization and subsequent anaphylactic contraction were reproduced on the isolated bronchi, lungs and the ileum. Development of this reaction was less constant in the large intestine, jejunum and the appendix. The value of anaphylactic reaction of human smooth muscle displayed significant changes with the treatment of the muscles by agents selectively acting on the beta-adrenergic receptors of these organs. PMID- 47771 TI - Cytochemical study of acute promyelocytic leukaemia. AB - Five cases of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (A.P.L.) are investigated for peroxidase, PAS, toluidine blue, astra blue, alpha-naphthyl esterase, double esterase incubation (naphthol-AS plus naphthol-AS-D chloroesterase), and cellular lysozyme activity. These cytochemical investigations may contribute further characterization of the morphologic type. PMID- 47770 TI - Stimulation of neutrophil oxidative metabolism by the alternate pathway of complement activation: a mechanism for the spontaneous NBT test. AB - The reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium dye by human neutrophils was measured in the presence of serum in which the complement system had been activated through the alternate pathway by interaction with inulin. Neutrophils incubated with serum inulin supernatants reduced the dye and showed a general increase in oxidative metabolism. The oxidation of glucose-1-14-C by supernatant prepared from selectively depleted sera indicated that the neutrophil-stimulating factor(s) was generated through the alternate pathway of complement activation. The possibility that inulun had been ingested as a particle was ruled out by light microscopy and radiolabeling studies. The failure of neutrophils stimulated by the serum-inulun supernatants to migrate after exposure to a chemotactic agent suggested that the site of neutrophil-complement interaction was on the cell membrane. It is concluded from these results that biologically active fragments generated through the alternative pathway of complement activation can stimulate neutrophil metabolism in the absence of phagocytosis. Interaction of such fragments with circulating neutrophils in vivo and the subsequent metabolic activation of these cells is one explanation for the spontaneous reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium dye in vitro by neutrophils from patients with certain infections and inflammatory disorders. PMID- 47772 TI - Metabolism of chlorpyrifos-14-C in the Eastern subterranean termite. PMID- 47773 TI - A further review of the results of sterotactic subcaudate tractotomy. PMID- 47774 TI - Conformation therapy using the tracking cobalt unit. AB - A description is given of the principles and application of the tracking technique using an automated cobalt teletherapy unit. The technique is a combination of moving table and arcing techniques which is used to shape the irradiated volume to match the tumour volume in three dimensions. The method has the additional advantage that corrections can be made for variations in dose rate along the tumour axis resulting from changes in body outline and the presence of inhomogeneities. An outline of the treatment planning procedure and the way the machine executes the planned treatment is given. Isodose distributions ar presented for two cases for which the technique was employed. The first of these illustrates the treatment of an oesophageal tumour, showing how the technique can be used to compensate for an irregularly shaped tumour in a part of the body having a large variation in cross section. The second shows how the technique copes with a tumour having a regular shape but having an awkward orientation in the body. Brief reference is made to work at other centres using moving table and three-dimensional shaping techniques which employ synchronous shielding. PMID- 47775 TI - Letter: Ultrasound and "in vitro" chromosome aberrations. PMID- 47776 TI - Editorial: Influenza prospects. PMID- 47777 TI - Editorial: Plasma proteins in cancer surveillance. PMID- 47778 TI - Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in multiple pregnancy. AB - Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were higher in 10 twin pregnancies and one triplet pregnancy than in 22 control singleton pregnancies matched for maternal age, parity, and the time of gestation at which the serum sample was taken. In twin pregnancies the average AFP levels were double those found in singleton pregnancies and the level in the triplet pregnancy was even higher. Raised maternal serum AFP values due to multiple pregnancy should not cause unnecessary amniocentesis in the diagnosis of anencephaly or spina bifida if an ultrasound investigation is routinely performed first. PMID- 47779 TI - Serum alpha - fetoprotein levels in patients with cystic fibrosis and their parents and siblings. AB - Patients with cystic fibrosis (C.F.) showed raised serum levels of alpha fetoprotein (AFP). A moderate but significant increase in serum AFP was present in their parents and some siblings. There was no correlation between the clinical severity of the disease and serum AFP concentration. Samples from control groups with gluten-induced malabsorption and bronchiectasis had normal levels. Persistent synthesis of AFP may be an associated marker of C.F. genes, and estimation of serum AFP might help in detecting heterozygote carriers in families at risk. PMID- 47780 TI - Psychological medicine. Treatment of alcoholism. PMID- 47781 TI - Family unit in a children's psychiatric hospital. AB - The need for effective management of disorders of parent/child relationships is repeatedly stressed. Despite the bulk of theoretical work on the subject there is little information on the practical management of the clinical problems that arise. We describe a unit designed and staffed for the management of such disorders. In our view it meets a need in a way that could be difficult or impossible for most paediatric, psychiatric, and social services as they are at present organized. PMID- 47782 TI - A simple fluorescence of staining technique for in situ soil microorganisms. AB - A simple, rapid straining technique using the magnesium salt of 1-anilino-8 naphthalene sulfonic acid is described. Treatment of soil with an aqueous, membrane-filtered solution (3.5 mg/ml) of the salt causes the soil microorganisms to fluoresce when examined with light from a mercury arc light source. PMID- 47783 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen: regional variation in sub-type ratio in the Canadian Red Cross donor population. AB - A total of 344 sera positive for hepatitis B surface antigen from volunteer blood donors at several Canadian Red Cross centres were subtyped for ad and ay specificity by counterelectrophoresis. Of the 50 sera from Toronto 21 (42%) were ad and 29 (58%) were ay; of the 95 from Montreal 82 (86%) were ad and 13 (14%) were ay; of the 199 from Quebec 179 (90%) were ad and only 20 (10%) were ay. The w and r specificities were also determined in 125 of the samples: 123 were w; the 2 samples of r specificity were from Toronto. On the other hand, among 45 sera from patients with acute hepatitis type B in Quebec 13 (29%) were ad and 33 (71%) ay. PMID- 47784 TI - Pseudocyanotic pigmentation of the skin induced by amiodarone: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - An unusual bluish discolouration of the nose was noticed in a woman 9 months after she had begun treatment with a coronary vasodilator, amiodarone hydrochloride. Cutaneous biopsies of the nose were obtained 6 and 9 months later for light and electron microscopic studies. In the dermis were histiocytes containing cytoplasmic yellow-brown granules with histochemical properties of melanin and lipofuscin. Ultrastructurally the granules appeared as lysosomal membrane-bound dense bodies similar to lipofuscin. Similar granules were observed at diascopy in both corneas. The pathogenesis is obscure. A storage disease involving the drug or its metabolites cannot be ruled out. Another possibility is that amiodarone accelerates the normal cellular autophagocytosis, resulting in increased production of lipofuscin, which then accumulates in lysosomes because of a deficiency in lipolytic enzymes. PMID- 47786 TI - Three provinces now putting back some of their liquor board profits. PMID- 47785 TI - An error in Rh testing in pregnancy. AB - Anti-D (anti-Rho) in the blood of two Rh-negative pregnant women was believed to be due to active immunization. In the first case, however, antibodies were no longer detectable 2 weeks later. In the second case they disappeared by the end of 31 weeks. It was discovered that both women had been given immune globulin (human) because of exposure to rubella. The globulin given to the first woman probably contained about 0.1 mug of anti-D per ml; that given to the second probably contained about 0.6 mug of anti-D per ml. Both babies were O Rh positive. Both women were given Rh immune globulin after delivery. Both have completed a further pregnancy and no anti-D has been found on many tests. In tests carried out in 1971 all samples of immune globulin (human) examined contained anti-D, but usually in inconsequential trace amounts. PMID- 47787 TI - The in vitro induction of specific unresponsiveness against the 2,4,6 trinitrophenyl determinant. II. Prevention and reversal of the unresponsive state. PMID- 47788 TI - Immunological activities of rat lymphocytes. II. Isolation of suppressor cells of the mitogenic response of rat thoracic duct lymphocytes. PMID- 47789 TI - The conjugation of chlorambucil with human gamma-globulin. PMID- 47790 TI - Virulence of genus Staphylococcus. III. Studies on the pathogenicity to mice. AB - Six representative strains of staphylococci were selected on the basis of DNase activity and inoculated into the mice to study the correlation of the presence of this enzyme to the virulence of the staphylococci. Two strains of staphylococci among them produced DNase but not the free coagulase, and one of these two strains had an obvious virulence against the mice. The results of experiments suggest that there are at least certain strains which may be designated as Staphylococcus aureus among these DNase-producing staphylococci producing no free coagulase. This is an additional evidence that this enzyme activity should be adopted as a criterion to distinguish from the other S. aureus which has lost the free coagulase activity. In this sense, the staphylococci producing neither free coagulase nor DNase are after all Staphylococcus epidermidis, regardless of their ability to ferment mannitol or not. PMID- 47791 TI - Immunological and electrophoretical approaches to macroamylase analysis. AB - The characteristics of abnormally large-size amylase (macroamylase) of the three patients were studied. Amylase isoenzyme patterns of the three macroamylase samples of agar gel electrophoresis were different from the normal one: a post beta-globulin or middle-ganna-globulin zone was found in macroamylase, while a fast-gamma, and a pre-gamma-globulin or both zones is found in normal amylase. With gel chromatography at pH 3.4, macroamylase dissociated to normalsized amylase. The electrophoretic patterns of the normal-sized amylase were identical with those of normal amylase. The binding proteins of the macroamylase were identified as immunoglobulin IgG in onecase and immunoglobulin IgA in the other two cases by the immunochemical criteria and immunoenzyme electropherogram. These immunoglobulins bound with serum amylase having normal molecular weight and electophoretic mobility to form macroamylase. PMID- 47792 TI - High-molecular-weight hydroxyproline-protein in relation to immunoglobulins M (IgM) in human blood serum. AB - The content of the high-molecular-weight protein-bound hydroxyproline (Hyp) and IgM level in the sera of 30 healthy persons and 29 patients showing changes in gamma and/or beta globulin levels was determined. Statistically significant correlations between quantities of these components have been found. On the base of the present results as well as the results of previous studies authors suggest that the high-molecular-weight Hyp-protein contains immunoglobulin of the IgM class. PMID- 47793 TI - Relation of alcoholic liver injury to cirrhosis. AB - The earliest and most reproduceable lesion associated with chronic alcohol abuse is fatty liver. In some alcoholics this may be superseded by alcoholic hepatitis, which may represent the link between the early lesion and cirrhosis. Alcoholic cirrhosis usually begins as a regular, monolobular variety, but is eventually transformed into an irregular, multilobular type. All stages of alcoholic liver injury have now been produced in the baboon, despite high protein and vitamin supplemented diets. Alcohol may therefore now be regarded as a direct hepatotoxin. Epidemiological studies have indicated that alcoholic liver injury begins with an intake of more than 80 g ethanol a day, and that cirrhosis is generally not seen with an intake of less than 160 g per day. The development of cirrhosis correlates with the total duration and amount of alcohol ingested. Complications of alcoholic cirrhosis include iron overload and primary hepatic carcinoma. PMID- 47795 TI - Symptoms of Turner's syndrome and interstitial heterochromatin in i(Xq). AB - A girl is presented with "isochromosome" X mosaicism, 45,X/46,X,i(Xq)/47,X,i(Xq),i(Xq). The "isochromosome" had an unusual extra band close to the centromere on one arm. The patient had some signs of Turner's syndrome, myopia and optic nerve atrophy. PMID- 47796 TI - Allergy to ragweed antigen E: effect of specific immunotherapy on the reactivity of human T lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 47794 TI - Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 47797 TI - Immunologic studies of a patient with seminal plasma allergy. PMID- 47798 TI - Serum IgD concentration in pregnant women. PMID- 47799 TI - [The therapy of pain in neoplastic syndromes]. PMID- 47800 TI - [Role of the toxic substances in automotive vehicle exhaust]. PMID- 47801 TI - Cryopreservation of human red cells in liquid nitrogen with hydroxyethyl starch. PMID- 47802 TI - The effect of plasma on hydroxyethyl starch-preserved red cells. PMID- 47803 TI - Characteristics of ventricular extrasystoles and their prognostic importance: a reappraisal of their method of classification. AB - The concept of two different types of extrasystoles, parasystolic and coupled, depends upon two distinguishing characteristics of these beats. The characteristics of the parasystolic extrasystoles are the invariability of the ectopic cycle together with their independence from the basic rhythm. Coupled extrasystoles demonstrate a dependence upon the basic rhythm although they may express some degree of ectopic variability. The degree of variation of the interectopic interval or its common denominator measures the irregularity of the ectopic parasystolic rhythm. The variation of coupling intervals describes the dependence of the ectopic beat upon the basic rhythm. In a study of 719 electrocardiograms with ventricular extrasystoles, about one-third of the extrasystoles appeared intermediate between these types since they had both variable coupling intervals and variable interectopic intervals. Some of these had total variability of coupling intervals and of the interectopic intervals (random non-parasystolic coupling), and others had limited variation of coupling intervals when expressed in relationship to the total duration of electrical diastole (approximate non-parasystolic coupling). Both these ectopic types appeared to be associated with cardiac disease, and repetitive ventricular extrasystoles. Left bundle branch type extra-with fixed coupling. There were no obvious relationships between the contour and the type of coupling of ventricular extrasystoles. Left bundle branch type extrasystoles with vertical or right axis were the most frequent, particularly in normal subjects, but in the presence of cardiac disease there were more electrocardiograms with right bundle branch type extrasystoles. Extrasystoles in the presence of underlying conduction defects were usually of opposite configuration to this defect. The contour of uniform extrasystoles did not appear to predispose to serious ventricular arrhythmias but multiformity of extrasystoles was an important prognostic indicator. It is suggested that variability of contour and coupling are important signs of inhomogenous conduction and may precede the onset of severe ventricular arrhythmias. Random nonparasystolic coupling and marked multiformity indicate a more sinister arrhythmic state. PMID- 47804 TI - Letter: Digitalis and nonconducted atrial premature contractions. PMID- 47805 TI - [Pacemaker treatment of tachyarrhythmias by programmed rate-related interval stimulation(author's transl)]. AB - Programmed rate-related interval stimulation proved to be a low-risk method when applied to 74 patients with drug-resistant ventricular tachycardia or runs of ventricular extrasystoles as precursors of tachycardia. Atrial flutter was converted to atrial filbrillation and sinus rhythm by atrial interval-related multiple stimulations. Tachycardias, which could not be terminated by simple or double stimulation, were successfully suppressed by sequential ventricular R-R related multiple stimulations. Rare-related stimulation has proved to be an alternative method of treating tachy-arrhythmias unresponsive to conventional means. PMID- 47806 TI - [Re-entry mechanism of ventricular tachycardias in the syndrome of nonhomogeneous delayed repolarisation (author's transl)]. AB - The syndrome of Jervell and Lange-Nielsen with its characteristic combination of Q-T-(U) abnormalities and recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation can serve as a model for establishing recycling excitation (re-entry) as the likely cause of VT. The ECG abnormality in the Q-T (U) segment indicates the underlying asynchronous repolarisation, probably localized in the His-Purkinje system. Asynchronous delayed repolarisation facilitates re-entry excitations. A personal case is reported which demonstrated two different patterns of inducing premature beats and VT, indicative of two different fascicular pathways of circus movement. The inducing extrasystole determines the circuit pathway and thus the ECG pattern of VT. The VT shows a fixed time relation depending on conduction delay and refractory period, which is a further indication for an underlying re-entry mechanism. Spontaneous changes in time relation or morphology point toward alterations in circuit pathways and can terminate the VT. Clinical findings in three further cases of the syndrome are reported. Furthermore, the possible general significance of these findings is highlighted by the occurrence of the described phenomena in seven patients in whom Q-T-(U) abnormalities exist merely as transient symptomatic disturbances. PMID- 47807 TI - Air pollution impact of a suburban highway segment. AB - Design traffic volumes, vehicle emission factors and meterological data are used to assess the impact of a suburban limited-access highway segment. Mesoscale effects are determined by emission inventory techniques. Microscale effects are determined using a pollutant dispersion model developed by the California Division of Highways. The air pollution impact of the highway segment is small, and should not be considered a significant criteria for decisions concerning construction of the highway. PMID- 47808 TI - The threonine-sensitive homoserine dehydrogenase and aspartokinase activities of Escherichia coli K12. Distribution and accessibility to antibodies of some epitopes of the bifunctional enzyme. AB - In the presence of l-threonine, the allosteric effector, most of the antigenic determinants situated in the aspartokinase region of the wild-type enzyme become unavailable to the antibodies raised against a fragment of the enzyme containing this region and devoid of homoserine dehydrogenase activity. The cross reactivities of the antibodies raised against this fragment (extracted from a nonsense mutant) and a fragment endowed with homoserine dehydrogenase activity but devoid of aspartokinase activity (obtained by limited proteolysis) with the corresponding antigens were studied. The conclusion is drawn that the two fragments, which share an overlapping sequence of molecular weight about 17,000, share at least two antigenic determinants. PMID- 47809 TI - The beta-adrenoceptors of the lung mediating inhibition of antigen-induced histamine release. AB - The beta-adrenoceptor stimulants, isoprenaline (IPR), orciprenaline (OPR), terbutaline (TRB), and ITP were studied for effects on antigen-induced release of histamine from guinea-pig lung tissue and for effects on guinea-pig isolated trachea and heart. The order of potency for the agents in the four funct-ons studied were: (a) inhibition of histamine release, IPR greater than OPR approximately equal to TRB greater than ITP equal 0; (b) heart stimulation, chronotropic effect, IPR greater than OPR greater than ITP approximately equal to TRB; (c) heart stimulation, inotropic effect, IPR greater than OPR greater than ITP greater than TRB; (d) trachea relaxation: IPR greater than TRB greater than OPR greater than ITP. These findings suggest that the beta-adrenoceptors mediating inhibition of antigen-induced release of histamine are more related to those mediating trachea relaxation (beta2) than those mediating cardiac stimulation (beta1). PMID- 47810 TI - A method for analysis of chromosomes in hybrid cells employing sequential G banding and mouse specific D-banding. PMID- 47811 TI - Nicarbazin in schistosome infections: I. Antibody formation in mice and hamsters infected with Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 47812 TI - Differing patterns of cholesterol accumulation and 3-H-cholesterol influx in areas of the cholesterol-fed pig aorta identified by evans blue dye. PMID- 47813 TI - Coagulation, hemostasis, and plasma expanders:a quarter century enigma. AB - Despite more than 2 decades of research, the explanation of the long-known hemostatic failure consequent to the use of some natural and synthetic macromolecular agents as plasma substitutes remains obscure. Conventional clotting parameters are not significantly affected in vivo or in vitro. Dextran, hydroxyethyl starch, and many other colloid macromolecules precipitate Factors I and VIII, fibrin monomer, and perhaps v. W. (von Willebrand) factor(s) from plasma, rendering at least the first three insoluble, in relation to the molecule size and concentration of the colloid, and for dextran, its intrinsic viscosity. The precipitate, rich in Factors VIII and I, redissolves on warming, and reprecipitates on cooling, behaving as a cryo-Factor I. In composition it closely resembles the cryoprecipitate obtained by slow-thawing of plasma. Both clot faster with thrombin than the parent plasma. The amount precipitated from plasma by dextran or hydroxyethyl starch varies very widely from individual to individual. Cryo- of dextran-precipitable material can be obtained by interacting purified Factor I with a miniscule amount of thrombin. Dextran, hydroxyethyl starch, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, some forms of gelatin, and several polyamino acids accelerate thrombin clotting of normal plasma, several dysfibrinogenemic plasmas, or Factor I. Albumin, hemoglobin, some modified gelatins do not. Poor platelet thromboplastic function appears some hours after dextran infusion, associated with morphologic capillary abnormalities that strikingly resemble those in v. W. disease. We postulate that the hemostatic defect associated with the use of plasma substitutes is a form of induced v. W. disease or disseminated intravascular clotting, ensuing from precipitation and removal of v. W. factor(s), Factors VIII and I, microcirculatory abnormality, and platelet malfunction. The latter two supervene some time after administration of dextran. It reported antithrombotic activity is perhaps referable to the same action. PMID- 47814 TI - Partial purification and identification of a reversible decapacitation factor from rabbit seminal plasma. AB - Efforts have been directed toward partial purification and identification of a reversible decapacitation factor from rabbit seminal plasma. Five fractions were consistently obtained following fractionation of rabbit seminal plasma on a Sephadex G-200 column. Only the first two fractions had decapacitation factor (DF) activity. On SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, several carbohydrate and protein-containing components were found in each fraction from the Sephadex column. Further, DF activity could be obtained in the precipitate resulting from cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC) treatment of the active fractions from the Sephadex G-200 column. In the comparison of the components observed with SDS gel electrophoresis throughout these fractionation procedures, the reversible decapacitation activity appeared to be associated with a component containing protein and carbohydrate. From these studies, then, reversible decapacitation activity of rabbit seminal plasma appears to be associated with a glycoprotein of an approximate molecular weight of 115,000. PMID- 47815 TI - Recovery of spermatozoa from human vaginal washings. AB - Sperm survival, in terms of numbers, motility, viability, and metabolic activity, was studied in vaginal washings obtained daily from 22 healthy, fertile, married women during one complete menstrual cycle. The numbers of sperm (counted on Papanicolaou-stained filters) were never large compared to the number of sperm in a single ejaculate. Forty-eight hours after intercourse, only 6% of the specimens showed any evidence of sperm. Motile sperm were observed in only six of 94 postcoital specimens examined within 12 hours after intercourse. Lack of sperm in specimens collected after reported intercourse was associated with contraceptive practices other than the rhythm method, which most of the subjects were using. Fluorochromatic studies of recovered sperm treated with acridine orange indicated sperm viability and phase contrast studies of sperm treated with tetrazolium salts revealed metabolic activity. Our data on sperm motility, numbers, and staining reactions support the conclusion that the small number of sperm that remain in the vagina after intercourse quickly become inactivated. PMID- 47816 TI - Antihistamine blockade of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. II. Possible role of antigen-antibody complexes in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. AB - Antihistamine can prevent the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in the rabbit. The mechanism underlying this experimental observation has not been elucidated. Our experiments were directed at the question of whether antigen-antibody complexes are a factor in the development of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. The results do not support the theory that antigen-antibody complexes play a role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. PMID- 47817 TI - Cellular proliferation and renewal in the various zones of the hamster epididymis after colchicine administration. AB - Cellular proliferation was examined in the various regions of the excurrent ducts of the reproductive system of the male golden hamster after colchicine administration. Each of the two zones of the ductuli efferentes displayed only infrequent mitotic figures. Similarly, the basal cell population of the epididymis as well as the epithelium of the vas deferens exhibited too few mitotic figures to allow meaningful evaluation of cellular proliferation. The following observations were reported. 1. The principal cells of the entire epididymis are characterized by a singular diurnal cycle of proliferative activity reaching its maximum about 3 P.M. and its nadir about 9 A.M. 2. A circadian rhythm of cell division is also found in the principal cells of each of the six zones of the epididymis, although the time of maximal activity may vary from zone to zone. 3. The most actively proliferating region of the excurrent duct system is zone 3 of the epididymis, whereas the least active region is the ductuli efferentes. 4. The renewal rates of the principal cells vary considerably at various points along the excurrent duct system, ranging from cells which renew themselves as many as 10 times to cells which fail to renew themselves at all during the normal life-span of the animal. PMID- 47818 TI - Testis antigens of man and some other primates. AB - Rabbit antisera raised aginst testis preparations of human, chimpanzee, rhesus monkey, and baboon origin were used to study testis-specific antigens within and among the four primate species. Antisera were absorbed with serum, liver, kidney, and spleen preparations of the respective species against which they had been produced. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of testis extracts, using the absorbed antisera, indicated the following minimum numbers of testis-specific antigens for each species: man, 10; chimpanzee, 8; rhesus monkey, 10; and baboon, 8. Most of the testis antigens were cross-reactive among species. The results suggest that human spermatozoa possess at least four to five specific antigens which originate in the testis. The antigen that induces sperm-immobilizing antibody cross-reacted among the four species of primates. Human and rhesus monkey sperm reacted equally in the immobilization system. Testis extracts from each primate species were capable of removing the sperm-immobilizing activity of human immune sera by absorption. Testis proteinase activity, as determined by using a gelatin membrane substrate, was inhibited by the gamma-glogulin fractions of rabbit and rhesus monkey antisera and also appeared to be cross-reactive among the species. PMID- 47819 TI - The living skull. PMID- 47821 TI - Steroid-binding proteins in rabbit plasma: Separation of testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG) from corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), preliminary characterization of TeBG, and changes in TeBG concentration during sexual maturation. AB - Two distinct steroid-binding proteins are present in rabbit plasma. One of the proteins (TeBG) binds [3-H]5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha DHT) and [3 H]testosterone. The affinity of this binding protein for 5 alpha DHT was 3-4 times greater than for testosterone. Binding of [3-H]5 alphaDHT could be inhibited by unlabeled 5 alpha DHT, testosterone, 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol), and 17 alpha-methyl- B-testosterone (skf) 7690). The relative affinity of the competitors was: 5 alpha DHT greater than 3 alpha-diol greater than testosterone greater than SKF 7690. The antiandrogens, cyproterone (1,2 alpha-methylene-6-chloro-pregn-4,6-diene-17 alpla-ol-3,20 dione), cyproterone-17-acetate, and 6 alpha-bromo-17 beta-hydroxy-17 alpha-methyl-4-oxa-5 alpha-androstan-3-ine (BOMT) were ineffective in competing for [3-H5d alpha DHT binding sites, as were 4-androstene-3, 17-dione, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone, and cortisol. The formation of the [3-H]5 alpha DHT-TeBG complex was extremely rapid; the binding reaction was essentially completed in 15 s. The complex dissociated rapidly in the presence of charcoal. The dissociation rate constant (Kdiss) was 0.157 min- minus 1 and the dissociation half-time t-1/2) was 4.5 min. In the presence of charcoal and unlabeled 5 alpha DHT the Kdiss was 0.268 min- minus 1 and the t=1/2 was 2.6 min. The sedimentation coefficient of TeBG was congruent to 4.6 S and its molecular weight, estimated by gel filtration on a calibrated Sephadex G-200 column, was congruent to 75,000. The concentration of TeBG in male rabbit plasma decreased with sexual maturation and was approximately three times higher in adult females than in adult males. The other protein (CBG) bound both [3-H]cortisol and [3-H]progesterone. Binding of these compounds could be inhibited by unlabeled cortisol and progesterone, but not by unlabeled 5 alpha DHT, testosterone, or E2. CBG had a sedimentation of congruent to 3.9 S and an apparent molecular weight of congruent to 105,000. TeBG could be separated from CBG by a 60% ammonium sulfate precipitation and by gel filtration chromatography. Both proteins are thermolabile; TeBG is inactivated at temperatures above 30 degrees C and CBG is inactivated at temperatures above 50 degrees C. PMID- 47820 TI - Melatonin effects on brain. Interaction with microtubule protein, inhibition of fast axoplasmic flow and induction of crystaloid and tubular formations in the hypothalamus. AB - [3-H]Melatonin administered in vivo in the rat cisterna magna became associated with a vinblastine-precipitable protein. Melatonin treatment decreased microtubule protein content by 44% in the arcuate-median eminence region and by 19% in the remaining hypothalamic block, being without significant effect on the cerebral cortex. Superior cervical gangliectomy but not pinealectomy increased microtubule protein content of the rat hypothalamus. Norepinephrine brought about a significantly greater decrease in hypothalamic microtubule protein levels of ganglionectomized rats than in sham-operated or in ganglionectomized pinealectomized animals. Melatonin treatment induced in most of the axons ending in the pericapillary zone of the rat median eminence crystaloid and tubular formations. Rapid axonal transport in retinal ganglion cells of rabbits was inhibited to the extent of 71.9 and 87.2% by previous exposure to 1.5 of 15 mu g of melatonin intravitreally; melatonin did not affect retinal protein synthesis in this experimental model. These results suggest that melatonin interacts significantly with microtubule or actin-like protein in brain. PMID- 47822 TI - Cytochemical studies on the protamine-type protein transition in sperm nuclei after fertilization and the early embryonic histones of Urechis caupo. PMID- 47823 TI - Immunologic and virologic aspects of secretory immune system in human respiratory tract. AB - Many external mucosal surfaces in man are replete with immunoglobulin containing plasma cells and thymic dependent (T) lymphocytes. Immunization with viral vaccines administered via different routes have indicated that viral specific secretory immunoglobulins particularly of gamma A class are synthesized locally in the external mucosal surfaces. Local availability of viral antigens especially after local mucosal immunization appears to be the most effective means of inducing viral specific secretory antibody responses in the respiratory tract. Similarly, local induction of specific cellular immune responses in the respiratory tract and tonsilar lymphoid cells has been demonstrated after intranasal immunization with viral vaccines. Generally, the locally induced secretory antibody and cell-mediated immune responses in the respiratory tract appear to be independent of the immune response in the systemic sites, with little or no contribution from circulating immunoglobulins and T-cells. Information obtained after natural or vaccine induced infections with polio, influenza, measles, rubella and other viruses suggest that the outcome of a reinfection challenge in the respiratory and alimentary tracts is determined to a major extent by the presence and level of pre-existing secretory antibody. Although the precise role of locally induced cellular immunity in protection against viral infection remains to be determined, these observations suggest that the mechanism of immunologic defence in external surfaces may be mediated largely through specific secretory immunoglobulin and cellular immune response. PMID- 47824 TI - Immunity to influenza. AB - Immunity to influenza virus may be considered from the standpoints of viral and hostfactors. Amonst viral factors the phenomena of antigenic 'shift' and 'drift' of the surface antigens. Hemagglutinin HA and neuraminidase NA, are of utmost importance in enabling the virus to combat host immunity and to produce recurrent pandemics and epidemics of disease. 'Shift' involves major changes in the antigenic character of the HA and NA antigens, and serological studies reveal little or no crossreactions between antigens of different subtypes. However, immunological 'memory' may exist between the surface antigens of viruses of different subtypes, for example between the hemagglutinins of Asian (H2) and Hong Kong (H3) subtypes. Antigenic 'drift' occurs more frequently than 'shift' and involves subtle changes in the antigenic configuration of HA and NA within a subtype. It is clear that the hemagglutinin antigen contains a multiplicity of antigenic determinants, one or more of which remain stable (CR determinants) whilst others (strain-specific determinants) change completely during antigenic 'drift'. Amongst host factors humoral antibody to HA and NA appears to be a reasonable index of natural or vaccine induced immunity to infection. As far as the specificity of such antibodies is concerned, it is likely that future studies will place considerable emphasis on the distinction between antibody for the stable (CR) antigenic determinants and antibody to strain-specific determinants. It seems likely that antibody to strain-specific determinants is of more relevance to immunity than CR antibody. The studies of Virelizier et al. described elsewhere in this Symposium employing single-radial-diffusion tests give hope of simple methods for the investigation of such antibody specificity. There is no evidence that antibody to the internal, antigenically stable ribonucleoprotein is related to immunitywhilst the role of the other internal antigen, the membrane protein, in immunity is at present unknown. Numerous studies have been carried out to establish the importance of secretory antibody in the respiratory tract. Although secretory IgA specific for the influenza virus has been clearly demonstrated in the respiratory tract, the levels are low and its significance is not yet established. Whilst the role of cellular aspects of immunity to influenza in man remains to be established there is no doubt from the recent studies of Tyrrell and his colleagues that delayed hypersensitivity to influenza antigens can be demonstrated. In considering the host aspects of immunity it is important to attempt to distinguish factors which are merely an index of past exposure and those which are involved with the actual mechanism of immunity. It is likely that animal experimental models, in particular with inbred mice, will provide an important contribution in this field of investigation. PMID- 47825 TI - Myxoviruses. AB - Myxoviruses can be divided into 2 groups, orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses. the former comprise the influenza group which is subdivided into types A,B and C. Influenza B and C are purely human pathogens but influenza A, which includes a large number of antigenic subtypes, occurs in nature in pigs, horses, birds and man. All influenza A viruses irrespective of origin are chemically, biologically and genetically related. The epidemics which they cause are curious and puzzling and are an important cause of morbidity. Paramyxoviruses consist of human and animal parainfluenza viruses. The former comprise parainfluenza types 1,2,3 and 4 and mumps viruses, and, rather less certainly, measles and respiratory syncytial virus. The main animal paramyxoviruses are parainfluenza 3 (agent of shipping fever) in cattle; NDV (cause of fowl pest) and Yucaipavirus in birds; Sendai and PVM in mice; Nariva virus in rodents; possibly bovinerespiratory syncytial virus; and SV5 and SV41 in monkeys. The viruses and their place in nature will be reviewed. PMID- 47826 TI - Studies on parainfluenza-3 virus neuraminidase. AB - Various parainfluenza-3 virus (PIV-3) strains differ in neuraminidase (NA) activity, some being neuraminidase strong (NAS) and some neuraminidase weak (NAW). No difference in the ability of these strains to elicit antibody activity to hemagglutinin (HA) or NA of PIV-3 was observed. Samples of formalin-treated PIV-3 released more N-acteylneuraminic acid (NANA) than samples of Piv-3 not treated with formalin when these samples were incubated with the substrate sialolactose for 16 h at 37 degrees C. The initial activity of PIV-3 NA, and the Km-value, were similar for a NAS strain whether it was treated with formalin or not. The results suggest that formalin stabilized the NA structure of PIV-3. A NAS strain of PIV-3 dialyzed against distilled water showed an increased initial neuraminidase activity as compared to virus dialyzed against isotonic NaCL or to non-dialyzed virus. The increased enzyme activity indicates an increased affinity of NA tothe substrate sialolactose as an increased Km-value was also obtained. It is suggested that PIV-3 neuraminidase facilitates the penetration of the virion through the mucociliary barrier of the respiratory tract by releasing the virus from inhibitors in the gel phase. It has been found that antibody in the gel phase of nasal secretion inhibits the NA activity of PIV-3 Following exposure of a gel phase of bovine tracheal secretion to a NAS strain of PIV-3 an increased initial viscosityof this phase was observed. The gel phase of bovine nasal secretion showed a structural change in scanning electronmicroscopy following exposure to a NAS strain. Stimultaneously an increased amount of free N acetylneuraminic acid was found in the gel. PMID- 47827 TI - Plasma proteins in canine gastric lymph. AB - Because it has not been possible to collect gastric lymph by cannulation of lymph vessels, the methods of renal micropuncture were adapted to collection and analysis of 0.5- to 3-mu samples obtained by puncturing lymph vessels on or immediately adjacent to the ventral surface of the dog's stomach. Samples of gastric lymph collected immediately after completion of surgical exposure of the stomach were subjected to acrylamide gel electrophoresis, and they were found to show all the protein bands exhibited by simultaneously collected samples of plasma. Quantitative analysis of similar samples by cellulose acetate electrophoresis gave the following ratios of protein concentration in gastric lymph to plasma: total protein, 0.51; albumin, 0.68; total globulins, 0.42; alpha1-globulin, 0.49; alpha2-globulin, 0.62; beta-globulin, 0.35; fibrinogen, 0.39; and gamma-globulin, 0.46. When samples were collected over 4 hr the concentrations of all proteins in lymph increased, and an argument is presented that this was not the result of increasing small pore size as the result of injury. When the mucosa was irrigated with solutions of dithiothreitol, a substance causing plasma shedding, the concentrations of proteins in gastric lymph over a 4-hr period were similar to those found in control experiments. Gastric lymph mixed with 100 mN HCl was found to have proteolytic activity. PMID- 47828 TI - Relationship of hepatitis B antigen in cirrhosis and hepatoma in Thailand. An etiological significance. AB - A study of 221 patients revealed that detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBS Ag) was found in 16.3% of 49 patients who had hepatoma associated with cirrhosis. None of the 8 hepatoma patients without cirrhosis had detectable HBS Ag in the serum. When known causes of cirrhosis were excluded, HBS Ag was present in 18% of 22 patients. Positive alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP) was found in 25 of 49 cases (51%) of hepatoma with cirrhosis but was found only in 1 of 8 cases (12.5%) of hepatoma without cirrhosis. Of 25 patients whose AFP was positive, HBS Ag was also present in 7. The latter was detected in only 1 of 24 patients in whom AFP was not detected. This study suggests that HBS Ag is closely associated with hepatomas in cirrhotic patients but not in noncirrhotic patients with hepatoma. PMID- 47829 TI - The intimate relationship between the urinary system and sexual function. PMID- 47830 TI - Bedside recognition of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 47832 TI - [Daily alteration of urine protein fractions from renal homografts in dogs]. PMID- 47831 TI - The effects of fast neutrons on inoperable carcinoma of the stomach. AB - Thirty-nine unselected patients suffering from inoperable, recurrent, or residual adenocarcinoma of the stomach were referred for palliation with fast neutrons from the Medical Research Council's cyclotron at Hammersmith Hospital. A full course of 1440 rads given in 12 treatments over 26 days was administered to the patients. Because of the relatively low energy (7-5 MeV) of the beam from this particular machine, it was not possible to deliver the full dose uniformly throughout the tumour except in extremely thin patients. Pain, dysphagia, vomiting, and bleeding were relieved in the majority of cases. The side effects were minimal and easily controlled. Palpable masses disappeared. Five patients required surgery after neutron therapy. All the incisions were made through irradioated tissue and all except one healed normally. Tumour was present outside the treated area, but the absence of any palpable mass within the treated area was a consistent finding. Radiologically, the stomachs remained abnormal and later changes included gross mucosal abnormality and shrinkage. Fourteen patients came to necropsy and in 10 no tumour was present macroscopocally. Tumour cells were seen in all except two cases but these were few, surrounded by dense fibrous tissue, and may not have been viable. The remaining stomach was abnormal with a thickened wall and destruction of mucosa. Three of the four cases in which macroscopic tumour was present received less than the standard dose because of the inadequate penetration of the beam. Excellent regression of tumors was achieved by the neutrons, but the stomachs did not recover from this satisfactorily. Gastrectomy four to six months after treatment is therefore suggested. This operation and other surgical procedures in other patients were successfully carried out. There is a need for higher energy neutrons to improve treatment and extend it to patients of thick-set build. PMID- 47833 TI - Pharmacist counsling increases drug regimen compliance. PMID- 47834 TI - Structural studies of the Xenopus 19S immunoglobulin and 7S immunoglobulin and two immunoglobulin-like proteins. AB - Xenopus laevis 19S and 7S immunoglobulins (Ig) were extensively reduced and alkylated, their H and L chains spearated and their molecular weights determined. Two kinds of L chains of molecular weight 25,000 and 27,000 were revealed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In addition two Ig-like proteins consisting of heavy chains only, of 19S H-type and with similar molecular weight, were detected in Xenopus serum ans isolated. These proteins share common antigenic determinants with Xenopus 19S Ig heavy chains and are devoid of light chain determinants. PMID- 47835 TI - Humoral and cellular aspects of immunologlobulin allotype suppression in the rabbit. III. Production of anti-allotypic antibody by suppressed animals. AB - Rabbits heterozygous at the 'b' locus (b4b6 or b5b6) were suppressed for b6 production. These suppressed rabbits were immunized to produce anti-allotypic antibody against: (a) determinatns not possessed in their genotype; (b) the suppressed b6 determinants. PMID- 47836 TI - Blocking antigen-antibody complexes on the T-lymphocyte activation during in vitro incubation before adoptive transfer. AB - Following appropriate immunization of mice with CGG or DNP-CGG spleen cells release antigen upon incubation in vitro. The release can be detected either by 'self-stimulation' of the primed cell population, so that upon adoptive transfer antibodies to CGG and DNP are produced without need for further administration of antigen, or by stimulation of indicator (primed) cells. Boosting mice with antigen in saline following initial immunization with antigen in adjuvant proves the most effective method of loading spleen cells with antigen. A small fraction (10- minus 4- minus 10- minus 5) of the antigen used for boost is retained. The antigen appears to be held on the cell surfaces in the form of antigen-antibody complexes, for it is retained on the cells for up to 13 weeks in the presence of circulating antibody, during which time its capacity to self-stimulate can be inhibited by host serum in vitro. Activated thymus cells take up detectable amounts of antigen-antibody complexes. Complexes obtained by immunization with antigen in adjuvant can be inactivated by trypsinizing spleen cells. Trypsinization of separated T and B cells reveals detectable amounts of complex on the T cells, Complexes detected on T cells in this way are believed to be equivalent to the blocking complexes operative in transplantation and tumour immunity. PMID- 47838 TI - Carrier and hapten functions in immune deviation. II. Role of hapten and carrier on the helper functions of the T cells. AB - The kinetics of haemagglutinating and haemolytic antibody synthesis to the hapten and to the carrier determinants were studied in guinea-pigs injected intravenously with large doses of the carrier, or of the hapten conjugated to an homogous or heterologous protein carrier and subsquently immunized with the hapten-carrier conjugate in Freund's complete adjuvant. The animals treated with the heterologous conjugates exhibited enhanced reactions to the hapten and supressed reactions to the carrier, whereas the animals injected with the homologous conjugate showed depressed reactions to the hapten but unaffected reactions to the carrier. Pretreatment with the carrier alone-seemed to have no effect. These experiments confirm that the hapten determinant must act at the T cell level but do not exclude the possibility that it could also act at the B cell level. On the other hand, they allow the dissociation of the different components of the immune response directed against the hapten and carrier determinants of the antigen molecule in immune deviation. PMID- 47837 TI - Blocking antigen-antibody complexes on the T-lymphocye surface identified with defined protein antigens. II. Lymphocyte activation during the in vitro response. AB - Antibody-forming cells against DNP (DNP-AFC) appear in nonantigen-stimulated cultures of spleen cells from mice which were boosted with antigen DNP-CGG or TNP KLH in saline several weeks before the vitro cultures were started. The similar kinetics of the appearance of DNP-AFC in antigen-stimulated and non-antigen stimulated cultures suggests that new B cells were triggered during the in vitro culture. The data supporting the concept of antigen being retained in the body for long periods of time in the form of antigen-antibody complexes on the T-cell surface is discussed. PMID- 47839 TI - Demonstration of a unique antigenic specificity for the collagen alpha1 (II) chain from cartilaginous tissue. AB - The rabbit antibody response to native collagen (chain composition [alpha1(II)3) from cartilaginous tissue, has been examined by agglutination assays, gel diffusion, haemagglutination-inhibition studies, and immunoadsorption. The results show that the rabbit antibody response to the cartilage-type collagen is characterized by considerable reactivity to both helical [alpha1(II)]3 as well as alpha1(II) chains. This is in contrast to the rat antibody response to the same antigens where titres are generated to largely helical antigenic determinants. Similarly to the rat response, rabbit antibodies to [alpha(II)]3 exhibit no strong cross-reaction with the genetically distinct [alpha(I)]2ALPHA2 collagen or its component chains. Strong cross-reactions were, however, observed between bovine and chick alpha1(II) chains. One of the major antigenic sites on [alpha1(II)]3 collagen appears to reside in the sequence represented by CB-11, a peptide derived from the helical portion of the [alpha1(II)]3 molecule after cyanogen bromide cleavage. The data, however, are compatible with the presence of other antigenic determinants which are probably located in the amino- and carbocy terminal portions of the molecule. PMID- 47840 TI - Antigens associated with chemically induced intestinal carcinomas of rats. AB - Rabbits were immunized with extracts of primary or grafted intestinal adeno carcinomas induced by carcinogenic drugs in inbred rats. After absorption with normal tissue extracts, the antisera were able to recognize three tumor associated antigens. Two of them were glycoproteins, present in cancer cells but also, in trace amounts, in mucous cells of the normal digestive tract. The third antigen is not detectable in the normal digestive system, but present in normal spleen; on im-unofluorescence, it is not located in the cancer cells, but in polymorphonuclear cells infiltrating the tumor. None of the three antigens cross reacts with human carcinoembryonic antigen, or human or rat alphafetoprotein. On the other hand, one of the glycoprotein antigens is immunologically related to the human blood group A substance. PMID- 47841 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to moloney sarcoma virus in mice. I. Analysis of antigens responsible for lymphocyte stimulation in regressor mice. AB - Purified viruses, viral antigens, and cell extracts have been tested for their ability to stimulate protein synthesis by MSV-M-1 regressor spleen cells from BALB/c mice. Immune, but not normal cells, responded to MSV-M, but not to MSV-G virus-1, and to the type-specific viral envelope glycoprotein from MSV-M virus. Extracts of mouse embryo fibroblasts transformed by either MSV-M or MSV-G, however, specifically stimulated MSV-M regressor spleen cells. Cells stimulated by different antigens, and by phytohaemagglutinin, had the same sedimentation profile and were identified as T-lymphocytes. PMID- 47842 TI - Epstein-Barr virus-induced transformation of human leukocytes after cell fractionation. AB - The efficiency of transformation of human lymphocytes after infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was determined in fractionated and non-fractionated preparations derived from 16 human cord blood samples and two blood samples from adult donors. The transformation efficiency of macrophage-depleted leukocytes was consistently lower as compared to non-fractionated leukocytes. Additional depletion of B-cells resulted in a further decrease. Reduction of T-cells, however, did not influence significantly the transformation rate. In non fractionated leukocyte cultures, as well as in macrophage-depleted and B-cell enriched cultures, colonies of transformed cells were regularly observed within the first week of cultivation. All cell lines established after EBV-infection revealed membrane-bound immunoglobulin. Reconstruction of macrophages-depleted, B cell enriched or B-cell depleted cultures with autologous macrophages resulted in an increase of the transfromation efficiency up to the values of non-fractionated leukocyte preparations. Addition of heterologous human embryonic lung fibroblasts resulted in a similar increase. The results support the interpretation that EBV transforms only those cells of the hematopoetic system which are derived from the bone-marrow entity. The transformation efficiency is considerably increased by co cultivation of lymphocytes with macrophages and heterologous human fibroblasts which seem to excert a feeder-layer effect by enhancing survival of lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 47843 TI - Refractoriness of lymph-node cells from tumour-bearing animals. AB - In vitro lymphocyte stimulation by mitomycin-C-blocked tumor cells has been used to demonstrate tumor-specific antigens in syngeneic murine systems and to follow the evolution of tumor immunity with the tumor-bearing state. Mitomycin-blocked tumor cells stimulated syngeneic lymphocytes from normal mice, from those bearing small tumors (less than 1 cm in diameter) and from tumor-immune mice, sensitized by tumor-cell inoculation and subsequent tumor removal, to undergo increased DNA synthesis as measured by the incorporation of tritiated thymidine. However, lymph node cells from mice bearing tumors over 1 cm in diameter appeared to be maximally stimulated in vivo and incapable of further stimulation by the same tumor cells in vitro. This was reflected by the progressively increasing background levels of nucleic acid synthesis with the length of tumor-bearing and the size of the tumor. Although lymph-node cells from mice with large tumors did not respond to the same tumor cells in vitro, they did have normal responses to PHA. Within 7-14 days of surgical removal of the tumor, specific lymphocyte responsiveness and background activity returned to previous normal levels, but reinoculation with 10-6 tumor cells resulted in progressive tumor growth and loss of specific in vitro responsiveness when the second tumor had reached the critical size of 1 cm in diameter. Brief exposure of tumor-immune lymph-node cells to a soluble antigen extract of the same tumor resulted in a marked increase in DNA synthetic activity compared to that obtained after exposure to a different tumor extract, muscle extract or medium alone underwent stimulation when cultured with mitomycin-blocked tumor cells. However, normally responsive tumor-immune lymph-node cells, after brief exposure to a soluble antigen extract of the same tumor, initially underwent increased DNA synthesis, but were incapable of further stimulation by mitomycin-blocked tumor cells. Tumor antigen, alone or complexed with antibody, was also demonstrated in the sera of mice bearing large tumors and is thought to be responsible for the refractoriness of lymph-node cells from these mice to further stimulation in vitro. These experiments demonstrate that tumor size and the consequent antigen load to which the tumor-bearing animals is subjected have a profound effect on tumor-specific lymphocyte responsiveness. PMID- 47844 TI - Isolation of type-C viruses from the Asian feral mouse Mus musculus molossinus. AB - N-tropic and xenotropic type-C viruses have been isolated from the wild Asian mouse subspecies M. musculus molossinus. By host range, morphologic and some immunologic criteria these viruses appear closely related to the previously studied murine type-C viruses isolated from highly inbred laboratory strains of mice. PMID- 47845 TI - Immunological mechanisms in the pathogenesis of virus-induced murine leukemia. II. Characterization of autoreactive thymocytes. AB - The nature of the reaction and the type of effector cells involved in the reactivity of thymocytes from Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV-M)-carrier mice against normal syngeneic target cells has been further characterized. The reaction is mediated by viable MuLV-infected thymocytes. Lysates of carrier thymocytes are not more effective in causing target cell reduction than are lysates of normal thymus cells. Soluble mediators do not appear to be involved in the reaction. The thymocytes mediating the reaction are non-adherent cells positive for the theta-C3H and H-2-k alloantigens, but are negative for detectable murine IgG determinants. Their resistance to corticosteroid treatment further identifies them as functionally mature immunocytes. PMID- 47846 TI - Quantitative estimation of mouse mammary tumor virus (MTV) antigens by radioimmunoassay;. AB - A radioimmunoassay for the antigens of the mouse mammary tumour virus has been developed. -125Iodine-labelling of intact virus [derived from mammary tumours of (C3H TIMES 020)F1 mice] followed by ether extraction and separation of the ether and water layers resulted in a separation of the labelled material into two main groups of antigenic components. The intact labelled material from each group was separated from viral debris and other possible contaminants by affinity chromatography. The antigens of the ether phase were proved to belong mainly to the viral nucleoid whereas the water phase contained mainly envelope antigens. No type-specific antigens could be demonstrated in either of the phases. Radioimmunological assessment of plasma revealed that in the plasma of MTV-S- and MTV-P-positive animals viral antigens were only measurable when palpable mammary tumours were present, whereas in MTV-L-positive tumour-bearing animals some negative samples were found. In milk of individual nontumour-bearing mice a close correlation was found between the expression of viral antigens and the generally accepted presence of virus in the strain of mice. In milk, viral antigen levels tend to increase with parity with a possible decrease after a finite number of pregnancies. In a pilot study the presence of MTV antigens could also be demonstrated in epididymis extracts of male GRS/A mice. Genetical analysis of the low-virulent MTV-L by radioimmunoassay of milk is in progress. PMID- 47847 TI - Expression of virus-associated antigens and immune cell functions during spontaneous regression of the Friend viral murine leukemia. AB - Spontaneous regression and/or remission of Friend virus (FV)-induced splenic erythroblastic leukemia was observed in CD-1 mice infected with several isolates of FV. Regression of splenic tumor was accompanied by the loss of both specific FV-induced cell membrane antigen (FVMA) and virus group-specific antigens (gsa) from the spleen cells. The frequency (percentage) of immunoglobulin-positive cells (B) and thetapositive cells (T) in the spleen was markedly decreased during leukemia progression, but there was a subsequent increase during regression. The appearance of gsa-positive (gsa+) cells in peripheral blood correlated well with the early progressive and regressive phase of leukemia (up to 7 weeks after infection). Later, the presence of these cells became unpredictable in regard to status of disease. Gsa+ blood cells reappeared in most mice with regressed splenic tumors, suggesting persistence of the virus complex in the animals. Antibody responsiveness as determined by the numbers of hemolytic plaque-forming cells, PFC, after a single immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC), was suppressed in leukemia progression and recovered, spontaneously, during regression of leukemia. However, hemolytic PFC elicited by antigen in both progressors and regressors expressed the specific virus-induced membrane antigen, FVMA, detectable by the PFC-inhibition test with specific antiserum and complement. Recovery of immunological responsiveness also included the spontaneous appearance of virus-neutralizing antibody to FV. However, this was not paralleled by the appearance of antibody to FVMA. Traces of anti-FVMA antibody activity were occasionally detectable in serum of both progressors and regressors and did not correlate with virus neutralization, in individual mice; This may explain the susceptibility of regressors to secondary relapse and to reinfection. PMID- 47848 TI - Outpatient vs hospital methadone detoxification: an experimental comparison. AB - This study compares the effectiveness and cost of hospital narcotic detoxificationand outpatient narcotic detoxification using methadone. Forty heroin addicts seeking narcotic withdrawal were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Methadone treatment was planned for no longer than 10 days while psychiatric supportive services were made available to continue as needed. The results suggest little benefit from either treatment approach and there was no significant differences between the treatments. Only a few patients achieved a drug-free state, and of those who did, all but one had returned to use of narcotics within 2 months. The data indicate that detoxification using methadone is a palliative procedure. The cost of outpatient detoxification can be accomplished for approximately one-tenth the cost of inhospital treatment without significantlyaltering the effectiveness of treatment. PMID- 47849 TI - The senile maculopathies and the retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 47851 TI - Histochemical observations of the haemocytes of Locusta migratoria. AB - Five of the six categories of haemocytes of Locusta migratoria, that is, the plasmatocytes, spherule cells, granulocytes, coagulocytes and oenocytoids, contain conspicuous granules of mucosubstance in their cytoplasm. The mucosubstance has been characterized by using a series of histochemical tests, including Alcian Blue staining at different pH levels and salt concentrations, the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) test, the high iron diamine test, enzymatic digestions and sequential staining methods. The results indicate that four different mucosubstances occur in a granular form, although not all four are found in every blood cell type. The mucosubstances are a neutral glycoprotein and neuraminidase-resistant, sulphated and non-sulphated sialomucins. The non sulphated sialomucin occurs in both periodate-reactive and -unreactive forms. PMID- 47850 TI - Histochemical conditions influencing metachromatic staining. A comparative study by means of a model system of polyacrylamide films. AB - The influence of different histochemical conditions on some metachromatic staining reactions has been studied using polyacrylamide films containing pure glycostaminoglycans. The films were incubated in fixatives without staining, and in glycerol, diethylene glycol and other glycols, formamide, N,N dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulphoxide and ethanol (of several concentrations) after staining and their absorption (metachromatic) spectra recorded. In the case of heparin and heparan sulphate the metachromasy was disturbed when the films were immersed before staining in some fixative solutions containing formaldehyde and acid. After equilibration of stained films in organic solvents, changes in the absorption peaks were found to depend on the type and concentration of solvent, the type of glycosaminoglycan and the type of dye. Films containing glycosaminoglycan plus protein were used to investigate the blocking of the metachromatic reaction as the result of ionic interactions with proteins. The parameters that influence this phenomenon (e.g type of protein, glycosaminoglycan and dye, pH of staining) are discussed and a three-dimensional picture is introduced which can explain some of the results obtained in these experiments. PMID- 47852 TI - Glycosaminoglycans of hair follicles of dog skin. AB - Alcian Blue staining in MgCl-2 of various concentrations revealed that the basement membrane of dog hair follicles contains a large amount of glycosaminoglycan that increases with age, varies with breed, and is significantly greater than that of dermal collagen. This material is highly sulphated and of low molecular weight. Glycoprotein is also present in significantly greater amount than in dermal collagen. Active hair matrix contains clycosaminoglycan in similar amounts to epidermis but the glycoprotein content is much greater and staining is abolished in the keratinized cortex. PMID- 47853 TI - Staining of gastrin cells with lead-Haematoxylin. AB - Fixation of fragments of human antral mucosa with Helly's fluid allows gastrin containing cells to be identified by an immunofluorescence technique. Lead Haematoxylin staining carried out on the same sections shows selective reactivity of the immunofluorescent cells. These findings support the identification of gastrin cells with G cells, known from previous studies to react with lead Haematoxylin. PMID- 47854 TI - The lysosomal permeability test modified for toxicity testing with cultured heart endothelioid cells. AB - A modified lysosomal fragility test is described which is suitable for use with cultured cells. The permeability (fragility) of the lysosomal membranes of the cells to the substrate beta-glycerophosphate is measured by assessing the degree of particulate lysosomal straining seen after exposing the cells to the Gomori acid phosphatase staining reaction under carefully controlled conditions. Monolayer cultures of endothelioid cells from the hearts of neonatal rats have been used in all experiments. The time-course of lysosomal straining for cells exposed to various treatments (normal saline, isotonic sucrose, 0.25 m sucrose, distilled water, acetate buffer pH 5.0, cold acetone, neutral formalin, acetic ethanol, Triton X-100, hydrocortisone, choloroquine and vitamin A) was compared with that of control cells stained under identical conditions. Statistical differences in staining between the test and control cells were determined by the Wilcoxin Signed Rank Test and also by regression analysis following a transformation designed to allow for the saturation character of the reaction. The success of the modified technique depends upon meticulous methodology. It is capable of demonstrating both lysosomal membrane labilization and stabilation, second- and third-stage lysosomal activation, and apparent lysosomal enzyme loss or destruction in situ. The technique also allows the degree of reversible or first-stage lysosomal activation to be subdivided on an almost continous basis and is suitable for investigating the effects of drugs and other agents on the integrity of the lysosome in situ. PMID- 47855 TI - A selective stain for mast cells. AB - A selective stain for mast cells in tissue sections is presented. The procedure is based on the resistance to destaining with absolute ethanol-acetic acid of the complex acid mucopolysaccharide-Toluidine Blue reinforced with ferrioxamine B. PMID- 47856 TI - Acute adverse effects of antibiotics. AB - A review of selected clinical reports in man and experimental studies in lower animals suggests that, under certain circumstances, several commonly used antibiotics may cause cardiovascular depression, respiratory difficulties, or alter the metabolic breakdown of other drugs. These untoward responses are believed to be due to the direct effects of antibiotics on specific physiologic functions, rather than to be related to allergic reactions or cytotoxic lesions. Severe pathologic conditions, over-dosage, or concomitant exposure to other potent drugs may predispose a patient to these acute adverse effects. PMID- 47857 TI - Receptor site assay of streptomycin and dihydrostreptomycin. PMID- 47858 TI - Characterization of cytosine permeation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Cytosine permeation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied. Cytosine uptake is mediated by a permease which is also responsible for purines transport. The Km for the transport of various substrates of this permease have been determined. By means of appropriate selective techniques, mutants with altered Km and mutants lacking the permease have been selected. Cytosine transport is active and is inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol, an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, and by N-ethylmaleimide, a reagent of--SH group. Internal labeled cytosine is chased by addition of unlabeled cytosine in the medium. These results support the hypothesis of a carrier-mediated transport, with reduced internal affinity, allowing the release and accumulation of cytosine in the inner compartment. The efflux of cytosine from cytosine permease-less cells has also been studied and shows first order kinetics. A diffusion coefficient of 5.7 per 10- minus 8 cm per S- minus 1 has been evaluated for this efflux. PMID- 47859 TI - A new method for the measurement of the opsonin titres of antisera to Bordetella pertussis. PMID- 47860 TI - Collaborative study of a preparation of human cord serum for its use as a reference in the assay of alphafoetoprotein. PMID- 47861 TI - Tannic acid-stained microtubules with 12, 13, and 15 protofilaments. AB - Subunit structure in the walls of sectioned microtubules was first noted by Ledbetter and Porter (6), who clearly showed that certain microtubules of plant meristematic cells have 13 wall protofilaments when seen in cross section. Earlier, protofilaments of microtubular elements had been described in negatively stained material, although exact counts of their number were difficult to obtain. In microtubular elements of axonemes, some success has been achieved in visualizing protofilaments in conventionally fixed and sectioned material (8, 10); much less success has been achieved in identifying and counting protofilaments of singlet cytoplasmic microtubules. By using glutaraldehyde tannic acid fixation, as described by Misuhira and Futaesaku (7), Tilney et al. (12) studied microtubules from a number of sources and found that all have 13 protofilaments comprising their walls. These authors note that "...the number of subunits and their arrangement as protofilaments appear universal...". Preliminary studies of ventral nerve cord of crayfish fixed in glutaraldehyde tannic acid indicated that axonal microtubules in this material possess only 12 protofilaments (4). On the basis of this observation, tannic acid preparations of several other neuronal and non-neuronal systems were examined. Protofilaments in microtubules from these several cell types are clearly demonstrated, and counts have been made which show that some kinds of microtubules have more or fewer protofilaments than the usual 13 and that at least one kind of microtubule has an even rather than an odd number. PMID- 47863 TI - Ultrastructural and biochemical observations on interphase nuclei isolated from chicken erythrocytes. AB - Adult hen erythrocyte nuclei are isolated from cells or haemolysed in situ by acting on the plasma membrane with rotating knives or with non-ionic detergents. When the isolation medium contains magnesium ions (1 mM), sucrose (0-4 M) and Tris buffer (0.01 M, pH 7-5) called SMTOG (see text), the ultrastructure in thin sections through the condensed chromatin bodies, after staining with either uranyl-lead or phosphotungstic acid (PTA), is similar to that found in the intact cell. Hence it can be concluded that the 2 phases which comprise chromatin, the o and e-phase, survive nuclear isolation. These are so called because the structural units in chromatin are arranged at the surface of the nucleus into one or more layers and give rise to oddly (o) and evenly (e) numbered bands. The 0 phase is also largely retained after extensive washing in 0-07 M NaC1 as shown by electron microscopy and biochemical measurements; only 6% of the total nuclear protein is removed, a value small compared with the fractional amount of the chromatin protein calculated to lie in the o-phase, about 70%. After extensive washing in saline-EDTA there are structural changes in chromatin, but biochemical data show that the molecules in the o-phase are also largely retained; loss of protein amounts to between 5 and 11%. These data suggest that the o-phase is a structural component of the chromatin bodies. They support the hypothesis that condensed chromatin is formed by folding superunit threads. These units consist of a central thread-like element about 17 nm diameter which stains preferentially with uranyl-lead and forms the e-phase, with an outer cylindrical shell forming the o-phase of total diameter about 28nm. The 5-10% proteins removed by salt washes are located exclusively in a particulate component, quite likely the chromatin. They have been examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. There are about 10 or more protein species, ranging in molecular weight from 21000 upwards. The groups of large granules previously found in the nuclear sap of intact erythrocytes are shown to be associated with an amorphous or finely fibrillar body. PMID- 47862 TI - Localization and characterization of carbohydrates in adrenal medullary cells. AB - The localization and characterization of carbohydrates in adrenal medullary cells were studied by histochemical and cytochemical methods. Adrenaline (A)-and noradrenaline (N)-storing granules were argentaphobic when ultrathin sections of Araldite-embedded medullae were stained according to the periodic acid thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate technique of Thiery. A small amount of glycogen in the form of single beta-particles as well as lysosomes were, however, visualized by this technique. The entire core of the A granules was markedly positive after ultrathin sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed, glycol methacrylate (GMA)-embedded medullae were stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) at low pH (0.3). The N granules, in contrast, were mostly unreactive. In the A cells, PTA stained a large part of the Golgi complex, whereas in the N cells the Golgi complex was mostly unstained. In both cell types, the cell coat, lysosomes, and multivesticular bodies reacted to PTA. The periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) technique showed A but not N granules in semithin sections of GMA- or Araldite-embedded medullae. The PTA and PAS stains were abolished by acetylation, restored by saponification, unchanged by methylation, and greatly diminished by sulfation. In ultrathin sections of GMA- or Araldite-embedded medullae incubated with colloidal iron according to various techniques, the cell coat and lysosomes of both cell types were stained, unlike all the other cytoplasmic organelles. These results indicate that A granules and the Golgi complex of A cells, unlike the same structures in N cells, are rich in glycoproteins which are probably not acidic. PMID- 47864 TI - Thyroid function in patients in clinical remission after medical treatment of thyrotoxicosis. AB - This paper described the changes in the levels of serum triiodothyronine, serum thyroxine,serum thyrotrophin and other indices of thyroid function between 2-5 y after completion of antithyroid drug therapy in 35 patients who were euthyroid on clinical criteria. There was a small but significant elevation of the mean triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels with a relative hypersecretion of Triiodothyronine. No correlation was found between the levels of either thyroid hormone measured or their ratio and the radioiodine uptakes and clearance rate, the plasma inorganic iodine level, the absolute iodine uptake or the serum TSH level. There was no case of clinical hypothyroidism but in one patient the TSH level was at the upper limit of the nrmal range and an exaggerated TSH response to TRH was found. PMID- 47865 TI - Normal and pathological serum levels of alpha2-macroglobulins in men and mice. AB - The serum levels of alpha2-macroglobulin have been measured in normal men and mice and in a number of immunopathological conditions. Normal human concentrations are high in youth, reach their minimum in middle age, and gradually increase with old age. In all age groups the mean is higher in the female than in the male. Conversely, in normal mice the alpha2M level is low in youth, maximum in middle age, and shows a slight depression with old age, and the levels are frequently higher in males than in females; there are also strain variations. In human immunopathological conditions, there are some deviations from the normal alpha2M level but these are seen to be changes from the normal distribution of values around the mean, rather than significant elevation or depression of mean values. In some disease states studied there are differences between the sexes in the deviation from normal. "Abnormal" strains of mice had alpha2M levels within the range exhibited by "normal" mice but changes in the levels are seen in mice with various myelomas. PMID- 47866 TI - Olivocochlear and vestibular efferent neurons of the feline brain stem: their location, morphology and number determined by retrograde axonal transport and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry. AB - Anterograde degeneration studies have shown that the cochlear and vestibular receptor organs receive an efferent innervation from neurons in the brain stem. This pathway may provide a mechanism by which the CNS could modulate its own afferent input. The neurons which provide this innervation have so far escaped positive identification with methods which depend on retrograde cell changes after axotomy. In the present study, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the labryinths of kittens and after allowing 24 hours for the retrograde axonal transport of this tracer, its presence in neurons of the brain stem was demonstrated histochemically. Because there is evidence that the efferent innervation of the labyrinth is cholinergic, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was also demonstrated histochemically in the same or in adjacent tissue sections. Neurons labelled with HRP were found bilaterally in most periolivary cell groups of the superior olivary complex (cochlear efferents) and in the parvocellular reticular nucleus lateral to the abducens nucleus (vestibular efferents). Counts of labelled neurons yielded estimated totals of 1,700-1,800 cochlear and 400-500 vestibular efferent neurons. Approximately 60% of the neurons in each total were located on the side ipsilateral to the injection. The distribution of HRP labelled neurons was virtually identical to that of AChE-positive neurons found in adjacent sections, and in those regions with predominantly ipsilateral or contralateral projections, there was an approximate correspondence in number of HRP- and AChE-positive neurons. In tissue sections processed successively for demonstration of HRP and AChE, virtually all HRP-labelled neurons were found to be AChE-positive. These findings suggest that a number of current conceptions regarding labyrinthine efferent systems may need revision. PMID- 47867 TI - Antigenic specificity of red and white muscle myosin. PMID- 47868 TI - Adenylate deaminase. A method for its localization in skeletal muscle. AB - A method for light microscopic localization of adenylate deaminase in sections of frozen rat quadriceps muscle is described. The method depends on the hydrolysis of 6-chloropurine ribonucleotide (the 6-chloroanalogue of adenylate) and the trapping of Cl minus by Ag plus. The resulting AgCl precipitate was made visible by exposing the sections to light. After this treatment black deposits about 1 mu in diameter were seen in muscle cells. These observations indicate that adenylate deaminase of rat quadriceps muscle is located at discrete sites within the muscle cells. PMID- 47869 TI - A comparative study of horseradish peroxidase conjugates prepared with a one-step and a two-step method. AB - In this study we compared horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled rabbit antihuman immunoglobulin G (IgG) conjugates, prepared by a one-step and a two-step method. Glutaraldehyde was used as a cross-linking agent. Two methods were used for removing unconjugated HRP: Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography and ammonium sulfate precipitation. The conjugates were characterized immunologically, immunochemically and enzymatically. The immunohistoenzymic properties of the conjugates were tested on unfixed cryostat sections of the skin of patients with chronic discoid lupus erythematosus. The influence of the presence of unconjugated HRP and unconjugated IgG was studied. Optimal results were obtained with conjugates prepared by a two-step method. Removing unconjugated HRPimproved the immunohistoenzymic properties of the conjugates. Conjugated and unconjugated IgG could be separated by Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography. PMID- 47870 TI - Histochemical localization of cytochrome oxidase in gastric mucosa. AB - A cytochemical technique for localizing cytochrome oxidase activity, based upon the oxidative polymerization of 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) to an osmiophilic reaction product, has been employed to test the possibility of extramitochondrial cytochrome oxidase in gastric mucosa. Deposition of reaction product was found to be exclusively localized within mitochondris; in particular, no reaction product was observed at the apical plasma membrane. Measurements of the effect of DAB on acid secretion revealed a biphasic action consisting of an initial stimulation followed by inhibition. The stimulation of secretion of DAB is interpreted to indicate that DAB is oxidized via a pathway which is linked to the secretory process. The combined cytochemical and physiological measurements provide evidence that the metabolic energy supply for acid secreation is derived from mitochondrial reactions. The results are discussed in relation to current models for the coupling between acid secreation and oxidative metabolism. PMID- 47871 TI - Differential feulgen-deoxyribonucleic acid hydrolysis patterns of Herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 infected cells. AB - Infection of human embryonic lung cells with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-2) resulted in: (a) qualitative (nuclear cytopathologic) alterations and quantitative (nuclear area) differences in infected compared to control nuclei; (b) increased Feulgen-deoxyribonucleic acid (F-DNA) amounts in infected cells, probably due to viral DNA; (c) higher F-DNA levels in HSV-2 infected cells; and (d) increased rates of F-DNA hydrolysis in viral-infected as compared to uninfected nuclei. PMID- 47872 TI - Ultrastructural localization of endogenous mammary gland peroxidase during lactogenesis in the rat results after tannic acid-formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixation. AB - Endogenous mannary gland peroxidase in acinar cells of prelactating and lactating rats is revealed in tannic acid-formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue by means of the standard diaminobenzidine procedure. Diaminobenzidine cytochemical reaction product is present in perinuclear cisternae, in the granular endoplasmic reticulum and in Golgi apparatus of functionally differentiated secretory cells. The mammary gland peroxidase is thought to represent lactoperoxidase. Peroxidase staining is diminished or absent in acinar cells of hypophysectomized and ovariectomized rats, in normal rats during early pregnancy and in nonpregnant mature females. Endogenous peroxidase or a heme protein with peroxidatic activity may be considered an ultracytochemical marker enzyme for acinar cells actively engaged in lactogenesis. PMID- 47873 TI - Letters to the editor: Phosphotungstate:phospholipid interactions: direct staining and plasmal reactions. PMID- 47874 TI - Letter to the editor: comment on Allen and Perrin's 1-chloromercuriferrocene silver method for the alleged electron histochemical denonstration ofsulfhydryl groups. PMID- 47875 TI - The role of T cells in IgG production; thymus-dependent antigens induce B cell memory in the absence of T cells. AB - B cell memory was shown to develop in congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice after injection with small amounts of thymus-dependent antigens, in particular heterologous serum proteins, such as fown gamma-globulin (FGG) or DNP-bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA). Large doses of proteins (10 mg) tended to produce a specific B cell unresponsiveness, although there was still some evidence of B cell priming. The antigen did not have to be in a multivalent form to interact with B cell so as to induce immunologic memory or tolerance. In contrast to the induction of B cell memory, the production of IgG antibody in this system was found to be strongly T cell dependent. Thymus-independent antigens like LPS or POL with pronounced adjuvant effects on IgG production in normal or surgically thymectomized mice, could not replace T cells in allowing an IgG response against thymus-dependent antigens in congenitally athymic mice. However, the action of T cells once activated is likely to be non-antigen-specific, since it was shown that supernatants of antigen-activated-syngeneic T cells stimulated IgG production in cultures of primed B cell populations non-antigen-specifically. PMID- 47876 TI - The mechanism of basophil histamine release induced by antigen and by the calcium ionophore A23187. AB - The mechasism of human basophil histamine release by the calcium ionophore A23187 has been compared to that induced by the interaction of antigen with cell bound IgE antibody. Ionophore induced histamine release (Ion. H.R.) occurs with the leukocytes of both normal and allergic donors. It is completely calcium dependent; LaCl3 inhibits both Ion. H.R. and antigen induced histamine release (Ag. H.R.) at about 10-minus 7 M. The kinetics of Ion. H.R. suggest that this process has no "desensitization" phase as does Ag. H.R. and the ionophore is fully active on antigen-desensitized cells. Pharmacologic studies indicate that dibutyryl cyclic AMP and agents which increase endogenous cyclic AMP levels do not inhibit Ion. H.R. as they inhibit the early stages of Ag. H.R. Of the agents which affect microtubules, colchicine inhibits and D2O enhances Ion. H.R. in a manner which is qualitatively similar but quantitatively less marked than their effects on Ag. H.R. The metabolic antagonist 2-deoxyglucose inhibits both Ion. H.R. and Ag. H.R. in a similar fashion. Based on these data and the observation that cells pretreated with ionophore show a marked (synergistic) enhancement of Ag. H.R. we conclude that Ion. H.R. has a similar or identical mechanism to the later stages if Ag. H.R. but "short circuits" the cyclic AMP-associated events of Ag. H.R. PMID- 47877 TI - Conformation-dependent antigenic determinants in the toxic lectin ricin. AB - The major part of the ricin-precipitable antibodies in sera produced by immunizing rabbits with formaldehyde-treated ricin is precipitated also by the isolated ricin A and B chains. In contrast, in antisera produced by immunizing with formaldehyde-treated ricinus agglutinin only a small part of the antibodies cross-reacting with ricin can be precipitated by the isolated A and B chains, or bound to immunoabsorbents containing the isolated ricin chains. In immunodiffusion studies with anti-ricinus agglutinin sera, a star-shaped precipitate was formed when isolated A and B chains recombined to form intact ricin. Both anti-ricin and anti-ricinus agglutinin sera neutralized effectively the ability of ricin to inhibit protein synthesis in HeLa cells. Anti-ricin serum also neutralized the inhibitory effect of the isolated A chain on protein synthesis in a cell-free system and the ability of the isolated B chain to induce indirect hemagglutination. In contrast, antiricinus agglutinin serum did not neutralize the biologic activities of the isolated ricin A and B chains. Anti ricinus agglutinin serum formed a precipitate with the hybrid ricin A chain/abrin B chain, and protected against the toxic effect on HeLa cells of this hybrid, indicating conformational changes of ricin A chain upon binding to the B chain. It is concluded that the anti-ricinus agglutinin serum contains antibodies directed against conformational determinants present on intact ricin, but not present or exposed in the isolated A and B chains. At least part of these conformational determinants appears to be carried by the A chain. PMID- 47878 TI - Effect of anti-beta2-microglobulin on antigen and allogeneic lymphocyte-induced proliferation of human lymphocytes. AB - The effect of anti-beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) on the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and an antigen-induced proliferative response was studied. Anti-beta2m IgG and Fab' fragments completely inhibited the MLR. Preincubation of stimulator or responder cells with anti-beta2m suggested that the major effect of anti-beta2m may be on the responder cell population. A clear-cut effect on responder cells was demonstrated by showing that anti-beta2m completely inhibited a MLR in which the stimulator population was a beta2m negative lymphoblastoid cell line. Anti beta2m also inhibited PPD-induced proliferation of sensitized lymphocytes. The kinetics of this inhibition indicated that anti-beta2m added within the first 18 hr of stimulation was effective in inhibiting the proliferative response. These data are discussed in light of the hypothesis that beta2m may be a subunit of an antigen receptor on T cells. PMID- 47879 TI - Preventive effect of hapten-reactive thymus-derived helper lymphocytes on the tolerance induction in hapten-specific precursors of antibody-forming cells. AB - The role(s) of helper T lymphocytes in preventing or altering tolerance induction in DNP-specific B lymphocytes was studied. As DNP-reactive helper T cells were reactive against the DNP-portion of the DNP-D-GL molecule, we could probe definitively the physiological role of helper T cells in preventing tolerance induction in B lymphocytes by DNP-D-GL. The results demonstrated that the induction of DNP-specific B cell tolerance by DNP-D-GL can be completely prevented by the presence of DNP-reactive helper T cells, and provide evidence that one critical role of helper T cell participation in humoral responses to antigens is to circumvent the development of a tolerogenic signal that, in the absence of such T cell function, might otherwise ensue after binding of the antigenic determinants by specific B lymphocytes. PMID- 47880 TI - Hepatitis B core antigen. Detection of antibody by radioimmunoprecipitation. AB - Radioactive cores were prepared from concentrated Dane particles by DNA polymerase reaction followed by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. Two radioactive peaks were obtained: one peak with an average density of 1.36 g/cm-3 in CsCl contained cores that possessed full serologic reactivity; the other peak, with a density of 1.28 to 1.32 g/cm-3, contained cores associated with globulin. A double antibody immunoprecipitation test was developed, using the radioactive heavy cores as a source of antigen. The test was at least 300 times as sensitive as complement fixation for detecting antibody to core. PMID- 47881 TI - Biologic significance of disulfide bonds in human IgE molecules. AB - E myeloma protein, PS, was reduced in different concentrations of dithiothreitol (DTT) for 1 hr followed by alkylation with 14C-iodoacetamide. The affinity of the reduced-alkylated molecules for target cells was evaluated by their ability 1) to sensitize primate skin in a reversed P-K reaction, 2) to sensitize human basophils in a reversed-type histamine release and 3) to block passive sensitization with reaginic antibody. Antibody-epsilon0 antibody was employed for reversed type reactions to avoid participation of cell-bound normal IgE in the reactions. The sensitizing activity of IgE did not change following reduction in 1 mM DTT, which split inter-heavy-light chain disulfide bond. The activity of IgE significantly diminished after reduction in 2 mM DTT followed by alkylation. This treatment resulted in the cleavage of two intra-epsilon-chain disulfide bonds, which are present between the hinge and the Fd portion of the molecules. The reduced-alkylated protein was capable of sensitizing primate skin and human basophils, however, a much higher concentration of the reduced-alkylated protein than the native protein was required for passive sensitization. The optimal sensitization period for the reversed P-K reaction was 3 hr with the reduced alkylated protein. The protein had the ability to block passive sensitization with reaginic antibody. The reduced-alkylated protein and the native protein were labeled with 125I, and binding of these proteins with human basophils was examined by autoradiography. The results showed that affinity of the reduced alkylated protein for basophils was less than that of native protein. Since the disulfide bonds split by 2 mM DTT were not included in the Fc portion of the molecules, the Fc fragment was obtained from the reduced-alkylated protein and was tested for affinity for basophils. It was found that the Fc fragment had higher affinity than the reduced-alkylated protein. Recovery of the affinity by papain digestion strongly suggested that cleavage of disulfide bonds in the Fab portion of the molecules induced conformational changes in the Fc portion which is involved in binding to the target cells. Reduction of IgE with 10 mM DTT followed by alkylation resulted in cleavage of 5 disulfide bonds, which is accompanied by a loss of both sensitizing and blocking activities. The fifth disulfide bond which was cleaved by 10 mM DTT, but not by 2 mM DTT, appears to be an inter-heavy chain disulfide bond in the Fc portion of the epsilon-chains. Neither epsilon1 nor epsilon2 determinants in the Fc portion of epsilon-chains were degraded by this treatment. PMID- 47882 TI - Early and enhanced antioxin responses elicited with complexes of tetanus toxoid and specific mouse and human antibodies. AB - Primary tetanus antitoxin responses were early and enhanced in mice when tetanus toxoid was administered in complex with specific isologous antitoxin or specific mouse gamma-globulin. Antoxin responses were enhanced when fluid tetanus toxoid was complexed in vitro in antigen-to-antibody ratios of equivalence or antigen excess; responses to complexed toxoid in antibody excess were comparatively repressed. Primarly responses were greatly inhibited in mice immunized with the same amount ot toxoid complexed in vitro in antigen-to-antibody ratios of equivalence or antigen excess; responses to complexed toxoid in antibody excess were comparatively repressed. Primary responses were greatly inhibited in mice immunized with the same amount of toxoid complexed at equivalence or in antibody excell with specific human gamma-globulin. Although primary responses. Separate injections of antigen and antibody at different sites produced an excelldnt antitoxin responses. Separate injections of antigen and antibody at different sites produced an excellent in vivo primed state for early and high responses. Antibody production after stimulation with complexed toxoid was also enhanced in mice irradiated with 400 rad, a dose that ordinarily completely suppresses primary responses with fluid toxoid alone. These data provide evidence for the efficacy of antigen-antibody complexes in early and active immunization. PMID- 47883 TI - South-to-north gradient in distribution of the r determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen in Japan. AB - A total of 2.305 sera positive for hepatitis B surface antigen were obtained from asymptomatic carriers throughout Japan and subtyped for the d, y, w, and r specificities by the hemagglutination inhibition method. Determinant d prevailed in Japan (d, 99.1%; y, 0.9%), and there was no regional variation in its occurrence. In sharp contrast, there was a marked variation in the distribution of the w and r determinants, forming an apparent south-to-north gradient of r. The percentage of r determinant was highest in Kyushu (92%-94%); it decreased gradually along the axis of Japan to the north and was lowest in Akita (46%), which is located at the north end of Honshu. PMID- 47884 TI - The basis, technique and indication for cryosurgery in tumours of the oral cavity and face. AB - The fundamentals of clinical application of crysurgery with very deep freezing of tissues is based on the necrotising effect of extreme cooling. The freezing of extracellular and intracellular free fluid leads to irreversible cell damage, because of a shift of electrolyte concentration to toxic values, and a direct lesion of internal cellular structures. The lesion due to cold occurs as a clear demarcation from the healthy surrounding, almost completely painlessness, and rapid healing without complication. For clinical application in the head and neck, there are cooling instruments fitted with specially shaped, exchangeable probe heads. Convincing results were achieved in the cryosurgical treatment of leucoplakias and Bowen's disease of the oral mucosa. The curative possibilities in carcinoma of the oral mucosa is small because of the limited performance of the cryo-carrier, which is best suited for superficial, non-infiltrating tumours. Preoperative rapid cooling of melanomas was performed to avoid dissemination of tumour cells during resection. Favourable functional results were achieved in the treatment of hemangiomas. PMID- 47885 TI - The membrane attack mechanism of complement. Isolation and subunit composition of the C5b-9 complex. AB - Isolation of the C5b-9 complex from inulin-activated whole human serum was effected by molecular sieve column chromatography employing Biogel A-15 M, preparative Pevikon block electrophoresis, and removal of low density beta lipoproteins by flotation in CsCl. The final product was homogeneous upon cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis and analytical ultracentrifugation. Ouchterlony analyses indicated that the complex reacted with antisera to C5, C6, C7, C8, and C9 to form a continuous, circular precipitin line without spurs. The C5b-9 complex was dissociated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in the absence of reducing agents, and analytical SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed seven protein bands after straining with Coomassie Blue. Bands 1, 2, 3, and 6 were identified as C5b, C7, C6, and C9, respectively. Bands 4 and 7 were identified as two noncovalently bound subunits of C8. Molar ratios among C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9 dissociated from the complex by SDS were estimated to be 1:1:1:1:3. Band 5 protein, which had an estimated mol wt of 88,000 and was found to occur with a molar ratio of 3, has not yet been identified. Its nature and possible biological functions are discussed. PMID- 47886 TI - Inheritance of antibody specificity. II. Anti-(4-hydroxy-5-bromo-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl in the mouse. AB - Mice of 17 inbred strains produced anti-(4-hydroxy-5-bromo-3-nitrophenyl)-acetyl (NBrP) of three different fine specificity types. Anti-NBrP antibodies of all allotype b mice (five strains tested) had a high relative affinity for (4-hydroxy 3.5-dinitrophenyl) acetyl (NNP) but low for (4-hydroxy-5-cloro-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl (NCP). Another category was characterized by high relative affinity for NCP but low for NNP. This category included most of the tested strains. The third category (CBA and C3H strains) had an intermediate fine specificity. Associated with fine specificity characteristics were anti-NBrP titers, mice of allotype b had lower titers than the other mice. Studies of congenic, recombinant inbred, F1 and backcross mice showed that both fine specificity and the magnitude of the anti-NBrP response of tbalb/C MICE WERE CONTROLLED BY AN ALLOTYPE-LINKED GENE. This gene was dominant over the C57BL/6 ALLELE. Lack of recombinant mice in the backcross generatioterns on the other suggest close linkage between the two genes. PMID- 47887 TI - Functional heterogeneity of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specfic T lymphocytes. I. Identification of effector amd memory subsets. AB - At varying intervals after immunizing infections of adult BALB/c mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus, splenic lymphocytes were tested for their ability to either elicit acute LCM or protect against lethal intracerebral LCM virus challenge when transferred to syngeneic recipients that were, respectively, virus carriers induced by cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and normal susceptible mice. These lymphocytes were also assayed for their capacity to lyse, in vitro, LCM virus-infected BALB 3T3 cells labeled with 51Cr. Only lymphocytes obtained from donor mice between 6 and 8 days postimmunization significantly protected normal recipients from the development of lethal central nervous system (CNS) disease when transferred 18-24 h before virus challenge. At 10 days they were not protective even though their cytolytic activity in vitro either exceeded or approximated that of protective lymphocytes. The capacity to protect more closely corresponded with a period of virus-induced DNA synthesis in donor spleens as measured by the incorporation of [5--125I]-2' DEOXYURIDINe. However, none of these cytolytically active lymphocyte populations were effective in mediating acute CNS disease when transferred to virus-carrier mice. In contrast, lymphocytes obtained 18 days or later after primary immunization, although having no protective capacity and exhibiting minimal cytolytic activity in vitro, were able to regularly produce acute disease in virus-carrier mice. The ablation by anti-theta-serum treatment of these in vivo and in vitro virus-specific immune functions established that the relevant lymphoid cells were T lymphocytes. Similarly, reconstitution of C3H times C57BL F1 adult mice, depleted of lymphocytes by thymectomy and lethal irradiation, with syngeneic day 8 immune donor lymphocytes rendered them resistant to the development of the carrier state after intracerebral virus challenge; reconstitution of such animals with nonimmune lymphocytes restored their ability to develop typical LCM. Collectively, these data indicate that immunogenic stimulation with LCM virus leads to the development of at least two different virus-specific T-lymphocyte subsets: (a) an early appearing transient effector population of cells and, perhaps, their immediate precursors whose generation requires the presence of virus, and (b) a stable memory population that appears well after virus clearance and which has little or not no cytolytic activity. The possible mechanism by which these functionally different subsets can influence the outcome of acute or chronic LCM virus infections is discussed. PMID- 47888 TI - Isolation and analysis of the mechanism of action of an inactivator of C4b in normal human serum. AB - A complement regulatory principle, C4b inactivator, was isolated in a partially purified form from normal human serum. The C4b inactivator, a beta1-globulin with an approximate mol wt of 88,000 daltons, and which may be identical to C3b inactivator, cleaved C4b in free solution or on the surface of cells and rendered it unable to participate in hemolytic reactions or to interact with cells, having receptors for C4b. C/b inactivator functioned by cleaving the alpha-polypeptide chain of C4b at a single site which was sufficient to dissociate the molecule into two fragments, C4c and C4d, and to inactivate it biological function. Certain structural correlates of C4 functions deriving from these studies are discussed and a model for C4 structure based on these findings is presented. PMID- 47889 TI - Evidence for the clonal abortion theory of B-lymphocyte tolerance. AB - This paper deals with the behavior of adult mouse bone marrow cells placed in tissue culture with or without antigen, and subsequently assessed for immune competence after adoptive transfer into lethally X-irradiated, syngeneic hosts. Attention was focussed on B lymphocytes through using hapten human gamma globulin (HGG) preparations as putative tolerogens in tissue culture, the T-cell independent antigens DNP-POL and NIP-POL as challenge injections in adoptive hosts, and numbers of hapten-specific PFC in host spleens for the quantitation of immune competence. It was found that the capacity of bone marrow cells to mount an adoptive immune response rose by a factor of about fivefold over 3 days in tissue culture. This rise was completely abolished by the presence in the culture of hapten-HGG conjugates with about one mole of hapten per carrier molecule. The prevention of the emergence of immune competence amongst maturing B cells was termed clonal abortion tolerogenesis. Dose-response studies showed the lowest effective antigen concentration to be between 2.5 times 10- minus 10 and 2.5 times 10- minus 9 M, and a standard concentration of 2.5 times 10- minus 8 M was chosen as producing near maximal effects. The tolerance was antigen-specific and time-dependent, being maximal only when antigen was present continuously as the cultured cells was maturing. It did not depend on the presence of T lymphocytes in marrow, and was not of an "infectious" type. In contrast to tolerogenesis of mature B lymphocytes by high antigen concentrations, it could not be abolished by lipopolysaccharide. We speculate that clonal abortion may be a tolerance mechanism of great physiological significance for self-recognition, and discuss the results in the framework of other recent tolerance models, including those involving receptor blockade and suppressor T cells. PMID- 47890 TI - Recognition by pregnancy serums of non-HL-A alloantigens selectively expressed on B lymphocytes. AB - A group of alloantibodies are found in pregnancy sera which react with antigens present on B lymphocytes and monocytes but are not detectable on the vast majority of unstimulated T cells. This specificity distinguishes them from HL-A antibodies which react with both cell types. They were readily recognized through indirect fluorescent antibody analysis by employing the combination of B-cell lymphoid lines and normal peripheral blood T cells. Different sera gave a variety of patterns of reactivity with a panel of 11 lymphoid lines. Similar differential patterns were also observed with normal B cells from different individuals particularly after concentrating the B cells. The antibodies were also cytotoxic to B cells and this procedure gave parallel results to the fluorescence method. The pattern of reactions obtained indicated a very heterogeneous system similar to that for HL-A. Special study of certain of the sera provided evidence that the lymphocyte-defined determinants of the mixed lymphocyte reaction system were involved. For convenience the term HL-B has been employed for these antigens. PMID- 47891 TI - Separation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. I. Enrichment of antigen-binding cells. AB - Normal mouse spleen cells were fractionated in dishes coated with thin layers of DNP-gelatin or NIP-gelatin, which were insoluble at 4 degrees C. Highly viable cells were recovered from the dishes by melting the gel at 37 degrees C. NIP3- gelatin layers bound approximately 0.1% and DNP4-gelatin layers 0.5% of normal spleen cells. Increasing numbers of low affinity cells were bound with increasing DNP density of the adsorbent. The binding to insoluble DNP-gelatin was hapten specific since it was inhibited by DNP-lysine, soluble DNP-gelatin or DNP-BSA but not by soluble gelatin or bovine serum albumin (BSA). It was also inhibited by a polyvalent rabbit antimouse Ig. DNP-gelatin was detected on the surface of cells recovered from DNP-gelatin-coated dishes by 125-I-labeled anti-DNP Ig. The cell surface bound DNP-gelatin could be removed by treatment with collagenase. Collagenase treatment did not detectably affect cell viability or surface receptors. More than 90% of DNP-gelatin binding cells were labeled with a polyvalent 125-I-labeled antimouse Ig before or after collagenase treatment under conditions known to label B lymphocytes. Furthermore, the specific antigen binding capacity of the purified cell populations could be demonstrated after treatment with collagenase. Purified DNP4-gelatin binding cells contained more than 100 times as many DNP-RFC than unfractionated cells. The enrichment of NIP RFC in the cell population recovered from NIP3 gelatin-coated dishes was more than 200-fold. PMID- 47892 TI - Induction of resistance to antibody-mediated cytotoxicity. H-2, Ia, and Ig antigens are independent entities in the membrane of mouse lymphocytes. AB - Mouse spleen or thymus lymphocytes incubated with monospecific H-2 or Ia alloantisera and then coated with a xenogeneic antimouse Ig serum become specifically resistant to the alloantiserum (and complement) they have been incubated with. This so called "lysostrip method" was used to investigate the molecular interrelationships of antigens in the mouse lymphocyte membrane. The results of this investigation confirm that H-2K and H-2D antigens are carried by two distinct populations of molecules. They provide evidence that the Ia antigens move in the membrane independently of both H2-K and H-2D antigens; and finally they demonstrate absence of any physical linkage between Ig receptors in B cells, on the one hand, and Ia, H-2K, and H-2D molecules on the other hand. PMID- 47893 TI - Genetic control of immune response. The dose of antigen given in aqueous solution is critical in determining which mouse strain is high responder to poly(LTyr, LGlu)-poly(LPro)--poly(LLys). AB - Antibody response to different doses of (T,G)-Pro--L, given in aqueous solution, was investigated in the high responder SJL and low responder DBA/1 strains by measuring hemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleens as well as hemagglutination titers in the sera. The gene responsible for the difference between the two strains in the response to this antigen, given in complete Freund's adjuvant, has been previously denoted Ir-3. This gene is not linked to the major histocompatibility locus. In the response to the optimal dose (1 mug) of antigen, no difference could be shown between the strains. The peak of the response and the numbers of direct and indirect PFC were similar in both strains in the primary and secondary response. After injection of higher doses (10-100 mug) of antigen, both the direct and indirect PFC responses were lower in the low responder than in the high responder strain. Moreover, the peak of the response occurred earlier in the high responder strain in the primary response to the 10 mu dose of antigen. After administration of a suboptimal dose (0.02 mug) of antigen, the low responder strain produced in the primary response 4-20 times more indirect plaques than the high responder strain. Also the number of direct plaques was higher in the low responder than in the high responder strain. The serum antibody responses to the optimal and higher doses of antigen were parallel to the PFC responses. From inhibition of PFC with free antigen, it was concluded that a similar proportion of cells was producing high and low affinity antibodies to (T,G)-Pro--L in both strains. High and low zone tolerance could be induced in the two strains with (T,G)-Pro--L, but no difference could be shown between the strains. It is suggested that the Ir-3 gene plays a role in the regulation of the balance stimulation and suppression according to the dose of antigen given. PMID- 47894 TI - Clonal nature of the immune response to phosphorylcholine (PC). V. Cross idiotypic specificity among heavy chains of murine anti-PC antibodies and PC binding myeloma proteins. AB - Seven mouse myeloma proteins with specificity for phosphorylcholine (PC) were found to share a common antigenic determinant. This group of proteins contained members which differed in genetic origin, heavy chain class, kappa-chain subgroup, individual antigenic determinants and specificity for choline analogues. The cross-idiotypic determinant, VH-PC, was antigenically similar in each of the proteins and was associated with the variable portion of the heavy chain in the region of the antibody combining site. Further studies showed that an indistinguishable determinant was present on IgM anti-PC antibodies isolated from all strains of mice tested regardless of histocompatibility or heavy chain allotype. In view of the finding that this cross-idiotypic determinant was not found on antibodies or myeloma proteins which lacked specificity for PC, the data strongly suggest that a particular heavy chain variable region has been preserved in all mouse antibodies with specificity for PC. PMID- 47895 TI - The characterization fo the B-cell repertoire specific for the 2,4-dinitrophenyl and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl determinants in neonatal BALB/c mice. AB - The (B-cell) repertoire responsive to the DNP and TNP haptenic determinants in BALB/c neonates was analyzed in terms of the specificity of stimulation of neonatal B cells as well as the diversity of specificities available in neonatal populations. The results indicate that the parameters of stimulation of neonatal B cells are similar to those of nonimmune adults, particularly in the exquisitely specific stimulatory process which readily discriminates between haptens as closely related as 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP). The clonotypes of monoclonal anti-DNP and anti-TNP antibodies derived from isolated neonatal BALB/c splenic B cells in fragment culture were analyzed by isoelectric focusing. During the first 4 days of neonatal life almost all of the anti-DNP specific clones were of clonotypes displaying IgM antibodies with pI's of 5.05, 5.25, or 5.55. These could be distinguished from clonotypes responding to TNP which were also predominantly of three distinct pI's, 5.00, 5.15 or 5.40. These clonotypes, which represent the vast majority of the DNP- and TNP-specific antibody capability during the first 4 days of life, represented less than half of the clones by day 6 and were a small minority by day 9. The observation that individual 1--4-day-old donors had many B cells representative of a given predominant clonotype is evidence for cellular precommitment of specificity and indicates that clones of precommitted B cells exist as the products of normal, antigen-independent, generative processes. The observation of frequently recurring clonotypes in inbred neonates attests to the "germ line" origin of these clonotypes; however, variance in the occurrence of these clonotypes from donor to donor implies a random element in their expression. The finding that several clonotypes occur repeatedly in high numbers early in neonatal development, while other clonotypes occur only sporadically at early times, has been interpreted as a reflection of a sequential ontogenic expression of clonotypes. Thus the DNP- and TNP-specific clonotypes which predominate in neonates may be seen as representative of a total of 5,000-10,000 clonotypes which are expressed as early as the 15th to 17th day of gestation while most clonotypes appear after the 18th day of gestation. PMID- 47896 TI - Tumor-secific immunity to chemically induced tumors. Evidence for immunologic specificity and shared antigenicity in lymphocyte responses to soluble tumor antigens. AB - Experiments were designed to explore the apparent paradox that methylcholanthrene induced tumors of mice evoke tumor-unique transplantation immunity but reveal almost complete cross-reacting antigenicity in tests of lymphocyte behavior in vitro. The approach involved use of tumor membranes solubilized in 3 M KCl, employed both as the stimulating antigen source in a new in vitro proliferation assay of lymphocyte recognition, and as immunogens in vivo. The kinetics of the assay resembled those of in vitro tests of mitogen or specific antigen stimulation in other systems. Lymphoid cell proliferation was assessed in peripheral blood leukocytes, lymph nodes (LN), and spleen over the course of tumor bearing, and in animals immunized by tumor amputation or with the solubilized antigens. The pattern of spread of reactivity was from regional LN to spleen, peripheral blood, and nonregional nodes in each circumstance. An unexplained low antigen dose inhibitory phenomenon was encountered in spontaneously proliferating cell subpopulations taken from some tumor-bearing animals. In vitro responses to some but not all solubilized antigens made from multiple syngeneic tumors were detected in each circumstance. The soluble antigens also induced shared resistance to some tumors. The patterns of spread of responsiveness to syngeneic tumor antigens, the time-course, and relative intensity were most compatible with independent clonal responses to multiple tumor-borne antigens, some but not all of which are shared in any family of syngeneic tumors. PMID- 47898 TI - Tolerance induction in B lymphocytes but thymus-dependent antigens. T cells may abrogate B-cell tolerance induction by prevent an antibody response. AB - Thymus-dependent protein antigens such as fowl gamma globulin (FGG) and dinitrophenylated-human gamma globulin (DNP-HGG), readily induced tolerance of the B cell in the absence of T cells even when these antigens were not deaggregated. However, when the same doses of antigen were given in the presence of T cells, the B-cell population was shown to be protected from tolerance induction, especially when the antigen was not in a deaggregated form. In this case, there was in fact evidence of a priming effect, manifest in both the B-cell and T-cell populations. The priming effect on the B-cell population was demonstrated by an increased response of mice pretreated with DNP-HGG, upon challenge with DNP conjugated to a heterologous carrier. The priming effect on the T-cell population was evident in a helper effect demonstrated in vitro. However, when euthymic mice which had been pretreated with large doses of FGG or DNP-HGG were challenged with the homologous carrier, the results were different. In this case, there was a profound suppression of the response against the carrier or the hapten on that carrier. Suppressor activity was also demonstrated in vitro and was shown to be sensitive to treatment with anti-theta-serum plus complement. Additionally it was shown that the effector phase of the suppression had a definite nonantigen-specific component. Thus, in pretreated euthymic mice, provided the homologous carrier was present, the response to a heterologous carrier was also suppressed. To account for the observation that nondeaggregated antigens can induce B-cell tolerance in athymic mice, but B-cell priming and T cell-mediated suppression in euthymic mice, it is proposed that B-cell tolerance occurs when antigen at some critical dose interacts with the B cell in the absence of some second signal. This second signal is normally provided by the macrophage, probably with the assistance of the T cell, and its effect is to divert the result of the interaction of the B cell with antigen towards immunization and away from tolerance induction. When a large dose of an antigen that tends to form aggregates is given to an animal possessing functional T cells, both T-dependent helper and T-dependent suppressor activities are generated, thus accounting for a situation where the B-cell population is immunized, but B-cell activation is suppressed in the presence of the original carrier. PMID- 47897 TI - The in vitro induction of immunological tolerance in the B lymphocyte by oligovalent thymus-dependent antigens. AB - B-cell tolerance has been induced by oligovalent thymus-dependent antigens in an entirely in vitro system. Dissociated spleen cells from congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice were preincubated for 24 h with 0.1 -- 1 mg/ml of either fowl gamma globulin (FGG) of DNP-human gamma globulin (DNP-HGG). After washing, the cells were tested for the ability to mount in vitro, thymus-independent responses against FGG and DNP. A state of specific responsiveness to either FGG or DNP was thus demonstrated. Features of this wholly in vitro system that paralleled previous findings on the in vivo induction of B-cell tolerance in nu/nu mice were the kinetics, 24 h being required for tolerance induction in either case, the abrogation of tolerance induction by the presence of POL both in vivo and in vitro, and finally the observation that in neither case was there a requirement for the antigens to be deaggregated. It was shown that DNP-(Fab) 2 fragments prepared from HGG induced DNP-specific tolerance indicating that the Fc piece was not required for tolerance induction in this in vitro system. DNP-bovine serum albumin was less effective than DNP-HGG or DNP-(Fab)2. Preincubation with subtoxic concentrations of DNP-lysine of DNP-epsilon-capric acid had only a marginal effect on DNP responsiveness. Since nu/nu mice, lacking in detectable T cell function, were used as spleen cell donors, this work provides further evidence that B-cell tolerance to thymus-dependent antigens can be induced without the participation of T cells. It is suggested that B-cell tolerance to thymus-dependent antigens occurs when the antigen in a sufficient concentration and over a sufficient period of time has direct access to the B cell. This contact with antigen must be in the absence of an additional influence provided either by adjuvants like endotoxin or POL, or by activated macrophages, which may be stimulated by activated T cells; otherwise not tolerance but B-cell activation will occur. PMID- 47899 TI - The mechanism of tolerance induction in thymus-derived lymphocytes; I. intracellular inactivation of hapten-reactive helper T lymphocytes by hapten nonimmunogenic copolymer of D-amino acids. AB - Treatment of a p-azobenzoate (PAB) derivative of a copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL) induced a profound state of unresponsiveness to PAB-reactive helper T lymphocytes generated in PAB-mouse gamma globulin (MGG)-primed mice. This unresponsiveness in T lymphocytes was specific for PAB-reactive cells, since the bacterial alpha-amylase-, keyhole limpet hemocyanin-, or ovalbumin-primed helper T lymphocytes were not suppressed by PAB-D-GL treatment. Taking advantage of the relative ease with which PAB-D-GL can induce specific unresponsiveness to helper T lymphocytes in an animal previously primed with PAB-MGG, it was possible to approach certain questions concerning the mechanisms of tolerance-induction and the fate of tolerant helper T lymphocytes in the PAB-D-GL model by utilizing a classical adoptive cell transfer systemmelimination of the possibility of carry over of the tolerogen with cells or of the generation of suppressor cells as the result of PAB-D-GL treatment as an explanation of the suppression of helper T cell activity strongly inplicates the existence of a central intracellular mechanism of specific tolerance on the helper T-cell level. The possibility that suppression of the activity of PAB-reactive helper T lymphocytes by PAB-D-GL reflects simple blocking of surface receptor molecules on T lymphocytes was ruled out as it was found that the helper activity of PAB-reactive cells was minimally suppressed even when PAB-D-GL was directly exposed in vitro to helper T lymphocytesmmoreover, the most conclusive evidence on te the tolerant state induced by in vivo exposure of primed T cells to PAB-D-GL. It appears, therefore, that specific tolerance induced by PAB-D-GL' TO PAB-reactive helper T lymphocytes is an example of irreversible inhibition of T-cell reactivity to antigen, reflecting yet to be determined events at the intra- and subcellular levels. PMID- 47900 TI - Cell-mediated lympholysis of trinitrophenyl-modified autologous lymphocytes. Effector cell specificity to modified cell surface components controlled by H-2K and H-2D serological regions of the murine major histocompatibility complex. AB - Splenic lymphocytes from four C57BL/10 congenic resistant mouse strains were sensitized in vitro with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified autologous spleen cellsmthe effector cells generated were incubated with 51-Cr-labeled unmodified or TNP-modified spleen or tumor target cells, and the percentage of specific lympholysis determined. The results obtained using syngeneic-, congenic-, recombinante, and allogeneic-modified target cells indicated that TNP modification of the target cells was a necessary but insufficient requirement for lympholysis. Intra-H-2 homology either between modified stimulating cells and modified target cells or between responding lymphocytes and modified target cells was also important in the specificity for lysis. Homology at the K serological region or at K plus I-A in the B10.A and B10BR strains, and at either the D serological region or at some other region (possibly K) in the B10.D2 and C57BL/10 strains were shown to be necessary in order to detect lympholysis. Experiments using (B10itimes C57BL/10)F1 responding lymphocytes sensitized and assayed with TNP-modified parental cells indicated that the homology required for lympholysis was between modified stimulating and modified target cellsmthe possibility is raised that histocompatibility antigens may serve in the autologous system as cell surface components which are modified by viruses or autoimmune complexes to form cell-bound modified-self antigens, which are particularly suited for cell-mediated immune reactions. Evidence is presented suggesting that H-2-linked Ir genes are expressed in the TNP-modified autologous cytotoxic system. These findings imply that the major histocompatibility complex can be functionally involved both in the response potential to and in the formation of new antigenic determinants involving modified-self components. PMID- 47901 TI - H-2 compatability requirement for T-cell-mediated lysis of target cells infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Different cytotoxic T-cell specificities are associated with structures coded for in H-2K or H-2D;. AB - Use of syngeneic, allogeneic, F1, AND H-2 recombinatn mice has shown that animals injected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus generate T cells which are cytotoxic for H-2K or H-2D compatible, but not H-2 different, virus-infected target cells. Three separate lines of evidence are presented which indicate that these immune T cells are sensitized to "altered-self," the self antigens involved being coded for in the H-2K or H-2d regions. Firstly, cytotoxic activity associated with mutuality at H-2D iy, lysis mediated by immune T cells from F1 or H-2 recombinant mice is specifically inhibited only by presence of unlabeled, virus-infected cells that are H-2 compatible with the targets. Thirdly, LCM immune F1 and H-2 recombinant T cells inoculated into irradiated, virus-infected recipients proliferate only to kill target cells that are H-2 compatible with both the donor and the recipient. All of these experiments establish that there is a dissociation of T-cell activities between parental haplotypes in F1 mice, and between H-2K and H-2D in recombinants. It would thus seem that there are at least two specificities of tlcm-immune T cells in homozygotes, associated with either H-2K or H-2D, and four specificities in F1 hybrids. The significance of these findings, with respect both to gene duplication and to the marked polymorphism in the H-2 system, is discussed. PMID- 47902 TI - [Laryngeal papillomatosis in children. General and local chemotherapy]. PMID- 47903 TI - Appearance of newly synthesized protein in myelin of young rats. PMID- 47904 TI - The greening of the classroom. PMID- 47905 TI - Correlative study of exfoliative cytology and histopathology of oral carcinomas. AB - Cytology smears from 325 oral carcinomas were studied; the false-negative rate was 37%. Cancers of the floor of mouth exfoliated most malignant cells and those of the gingiva exofoliated the least. There was no correlation between the histologic grading, location, sex of the patient, and the result of the cytology smear. Oral exfoliative cytology should only be used as an adjunctive measure and is not a substitute for biopsy. PMID- 47906 TI - Letter: Hyperplasia of the thyroid in the fetus. PMID- 47908 TI - Essentials of episiotomy care. PMID- 47907 TI - Spasmolytic constituents of Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) Loud: pharmacological evaluation of himachalol. AB - Himachalol has been identified as the major antispasmodic constituent in the wood of Cedrus deodara. The pharmacological studies of himachalol on various isolated smooth muscles (guinea pig ileum, rabbit jejunum, rat uterus, and guinea pig seminal vesicle) and against different agonists (acetylcholine, histamine, serotonin, nicotine, and barium chloride) indicated spasmolytic activity similar to that of papaverine. It was a more potent antagonist of barium chloride-induced spasm of guinea pig ileum than papaverine but less effective in reverting a similar spasm of rabbit jejunum and had no relaxing effect alone. In the conscious immobilized cat, intragastric administration of himachalol or papaverine (100 mg/kg) produced equal inhibition of carbachol-induced spasm of the intestine, lasting about 2 hr, but himachalol had a faster onset of action. Himachalol was devoid of spasmolytic effect on the bronchial musculature of guinea pig but was 3.3 times more potent than papaverine in antagonizing epinephrine-induced contraction of the guinea pig seminal vesicle. Intravenous injection of himachalol (3-10 mg/kg) in the cat produced a dose-dependent fall in blood pressure and an increased femoral blood flow. PMID- 47909 TI - Tannic acid fixation of human spermatozoa. PMID- 47910 TI - The histochemical localization of N-L-arginyl-2-naphthylamine- and N-L valyl-2 naphthylamine-cleaving enzymes in the guinea-pig testis. PMID- 47911 TI - Biography of a tolerant state: cellular parameters of the unresponsive state induced in adult mice to human gamma globulin. PMID- 47912 TI - Suppressor T cells in the regulation of the immune response. PMID- 47913 TI - Cytologic changes induced in rat livers cells by short-term exposure to chemical substances. AB - All the hepatocarcinogens administered to rats markedly increased the mitotic rate in the liver. Except for alpha-benzene hexachloride and nitrosobutylurea, the nonhepatocarcinogens did not appreciably increase the mitotic rate. Cytogenetic analyses on the ploidy rate and chromosome abnormalities evidence qualitative differnces among mitotic liver cells in animals treated with hepatocarcinogens and chromosome changes in liver cells observed after the administration of hepatocarcinogenic substances may have some relation to an essential process in hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID- 47914 TI - The ultrastructural appearance of cowpea mosaic virus in cowpea. PMID- 47915 TI - Cytochemical and quantitative study of the structural changes induced by ethidium bromide in plant mitochondria. PMID- 47916 TI - A negative staining-carbon film technique for studying viruses in the electron microscope. II. Application to adenovirus type 5. PMID- 47917 TI - Contrast in unstained sections: a comparison of bright and dark field electron microscopy. PMID- 47918 TI - Palliative urinary diversion for pelvic malignancy. AB - Palliative urinary diversion was done in 47 cases for ureteral obstruction secondary to advanced pelvic malignancy. The average survival time was 5.3 months, with only 50 per cent of the patients alive at 3 months and only 22.7 per cent alive at 6 months. After the diversion 63.8 per cent of the survival time was spent in the hospital. Patients with carcinoma of the prostate fared better than those with other sites of tumor origin, which may reflect the natural history of this tumor. PMID- 47919 TI - Clinical applications of a new uroflowmeter. AB - A transportable, easy to handle and accurate uroflowmeter was designed by using standard laboratory equipment. The satisfactory results of assessment of the diagnosis and effects of treatment for relieving obstruction of the lower urinary tract are described. PMID- 47920 TI - [Effect of HES (hydroxyethyl starch) hemodilution on blood flow of various organs]. PMID- 47921 TI - [Toxicological studies of bleomycin ointment. Acute toxicity of belomycin ointment orally administered into mice, rats and dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 47922 TI - [Toxicological studies of bleomycin ointment. Irritative effect of bleomycin ointment on eye mucous membrane and skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 47923 TI - [Toxicological studies of bleomycin ointment. Subacute and chronic toxicity in rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 47924 TI - [Topical chemotherapy for carcinoma of the skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 47925 TI - [Effect of bleomycin ointment on WHT squamous cell carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 47926 TI - [Staining of esterase of the infiltrative CELLS]. PMID- 47927 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with temporary obstruction of the anastomatic site following surgery of duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 47928 TI - [Easing of apprehension of the patient scheduled for surgery]. PMID- 47929 TI - [Nursing of patients undergoing skin grafting]. PMID- 47930 TI - [Keypoints in nursing of patients undergoing skin grafting - pre and post operative nursing]. PMID- 47931 TI - [Nursing of a patient following reimplantation of the amputated finger]. PMID- 47932 TI - [Nursing of a patient with extensive skin graft of the face]. PMID- 47933 TI - [Post-surgical nursing care]. PMID- 47934 TI - [Nursing of children undergoing plastic surgery of cleft lip and cleft palate]. PMID- 47935 TI - [Palliative surgery]. PMID- 47936 TI - Rational use of albumin and plasma substitutes. AB - Salt-poor human albumin (25 g/dl) is a safe and effective colloid for increasing intravascular volume. It is usually given together with saline solutions at a final concentration of 5 g albumin per 100 ml infusion volume. Although relatively nontoxic, albumin costs about $120 per liter, more than ten times the cost of artificial macromolecular colloids used as "plasma substitutes". Hydroxyethyl starch (6 g/dl NaCl) is a new polysaccharide volemic colloid similar in effect to dextran-70; 70% of an infused volume remains intravascular at 3 hours and 30% at 24 hours. It is nonallergenic, causes no anaphylactoid reactions, and interferes with coagulation less than dextran-70 or dextran-40. Bleeding may be observed when doses of more than 1500 ml are given without blood replacement, especially in thrombocytopenic patients. The effects of dextran-70 and dextran-40 on inhibiting thrombogenesis and facilitating blood flow in small vessels are due largely to hemodilution; the relative efficacy of hydroxyethyl starch for these purposes has not yet been established. Hydroxyethyl starch is a safe and effective colloidal solution for replacement of lost blood and augmentation of blood volume. PMID- 47937 TI - Some haematoxylin substitutes in biological microtechnique. PMID- 47939 TI - Determination of gamma-globulin in dog serum by glutaraldehyde. PMID- 47938 TI - Immunoperoxidase labeling of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus in hamster acute encephalitis. AB - A hamster neuroadapted strain of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus induces in the newborn animal an acute encephalitis with ultrastructural features similar to those observed earlier in measles encephalitis and characteristic of a productive viral infection. The direct immunoperoxidase technique, using labeled SSPE gamma-globulin, was applied to formaldehyde-fixed thick sections. These were either chopped after perfusion of the animal or cryocut after quick freezing of the tissue and then fixed. The latter procedure showed good correlation with light microscopic immunoperoxidase or fluorescent antibody staining on paired thin cryostat sections, whereas the former procedure resulted in easier handling of the sections and better ultrastructural preservation, especially when the lysine-periodate-formaldehyde fixative was used. Under electron microscopy the plasma membrane of the nerve cells was often labeled on its inner side in areas where nucleocapsids accumulate to form buds. The membrane antigen appeared to be more focal than in productive SSPE infection in vitro. Within the cytoplasm, most of the tubular inclusions were stained with the label located on the external granular coat of the nucleocapsid. Nonstructural antigen was also detected in the rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane (often on the side of a tubular inclusion), in the cytoplasmic matrix, and sometimes in the nucleus and on the nuclear membrane of giant cells. It thus seems that SSPE gamma-globulin reacts with viral proteins close to the site of synthesis. Because of the high specificity and reproducibility of this method for the detection of intracellular viral antigens, its use is recommended for further studies of conventional and nonconventional viral central nervous system diseases in which an immune response is present. PMID- 47941 TI - [Clinical and sociomedical aspects of patients awaiting operation for prostatic hyperplasia]. PMID- 47942 TI - [New light on the rehabilitation of the visually handicapped]. PMID- 47940 TI - Surgery of congenital heart disease assessed by radionuclide scintigraphy. AB - Intravenous injection of 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin (MAA) followed by lung and whole-body scintigraphy results in data from which magnitude of right-to left shunting and distribution of pulmonary arterial blood flow can be calculated. This information is useful in assessing the functional capacity of a surgical systemic-pulmonic anastomosis. Malfunctioning anastomoses do not significantly reduce right-to-left shunting and may cause unilateral pulmonary hyperperfusion. However, preferential nuclide accumulation may occur in either lung, regardless of shunt function. Consequently, the degree of right-to-left shunting must be determined to fully assess a surgical anastomosis. This technique also allows for assessment of the reduction of right-to-left shunting after intracardiac repairs of congenital cardiac abnormalities. PMID- 47943 TI - Role of chronic low-level lead exposure in the aetiology of mental retardation. AB - Water-lead levels were measured in the homes occupied during the first year of life by 77 mentally retarded children aged two to six years and 77 non-retarded matched controls, and in the homes occupied by their mothers during pregnancy. The water-lead content was significantly higher in the retarded group, and the probability of mental retardation was significantly increased when water lead exceeded 800 mug. per litre. Blood-lead levels were also significantly higher in the retarded group. It is concluded that lead contamination of water may be one factor in the multifactorial aetiology of mental retardation and that every effort should be made to reduce the lead content of drinking-water. PMID- 47944 TI - Regression of warts. An immunological study. AB - Altogether 173 patients with warts were under observation for at least 3 and in most cases 6 months. In 80% of the patients wart-virus antibodies were present and could be measured by immunodiffusion (I.D.) and in 20% also by complement fixation (C.F.) techniques. The mean duration of the warts in patients with C.F. antibodies was 0-6 years and in the others 1-9 years. The occurence of C.F. antibodies (IgG) was associated with rapid healing; 75% of these patients were cured during the first 2 months of the observation period. In contrast, of the patients with antibodies measurable only by the I.D. technique (IgM and/or low titres of IgG), only 16% were cured during the first 2 months and they had a fairly constant cure-rate (approximately 9% per month) during the 6 months' observation period. The results indicate that the cure of warts is partly connected with immunological phenomena, especially with the presence of C.F. antibodies. In other cases wart regression may be mainly a non-immune process, perhaps due to a limited lifespan of wart cells. PMID- 47945 TI - Isolation of genital mycoplasmas from blood obtained shortly after vaginal delivery. AB - Blood obtained from three hundred and twenty-seven women within a few minutes of vaginal delivery was cultured for genital mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma hominis and T mycoplasmas). Twenty-six (8%) of the women had genital mycoplasmas isolated from their blood. Ten women had blood-cultures which contained M. hominis. Fifteen women had blood-cultures which contained T mycoplasmas. Both M. hominis and T mycoplasmas were isolated from the blood of one woman. Only one of two hundred and seventy-three blood-cultures obtained 1 or more days after delivery contained mycoplasmas. The isolation of M. hominis, but not of T mycoplasmas, from the blood was associated with vaginal colonisation and a serological response to the homologous isolate. Two of ten women whose blood contained M. hominis gave birth to stillborn infants. In contrast, there were only four (1.3%) stillbirths among the infants born to the three hundred and one women whose blood did not contain mycoplasmas. This difference is statistically significant. PMID- 47946 TI - Normal serum-lipids in renal-transplant patients. AB - In contrast to previous reports, most patients (78%) with a successful renal transplant being followed up at the University of Kentucky Medical Center had a normal serum-lipid profile. The patients with hyperlipidaema (22%) had normal fasting insulin levels; they received similar immunosuppressive therapy but were significantly older and more obese than those with normal lipids. This lower prevalence of hyperlipidaemia and the absence of fasting hyperinsulinaemia are tentatively attributed to the use of alternate-day corticosteroid therapy in stable renal-transplant patients. If confirmed, the relative infrequency of hyperlipidaemia in patients of alternate-day corticosteroid therapy would be an additional advantage of that therapy over a daily regimen. PMID- 47947 TI - Effects of intravenous hyperalimentation of plasma-lipoproteins in severe familial hypercholesterolaemia. AB - The plasma-lipoprotein response to intravenous hyperalimentation was studied in three patients with severe familial hypercholesterolaemia. Hyperalimentation substantially lowered plasma concentrations of cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (L.D.L.P.), and high-density lipoproteins. The chemical composition of L.D.L.P. did not change. Triglyceride levels increased slightly in two patients and decreased in the third. Turnover of radiolabelled L.D.L.P. was disturbed as L.D.L.P. concentration fell but then returned to normal. The mechanism by which intravenous hyperalimentation rapidly lowers plasma cholesterol in severe hypercholesterolaemia is unknown. PMID- 47948 TI - Treatment of acute haemorrhage of pituitary tumours. AB - Sudden headache, visual loss, and mental change developed in three patients with unsuspected pituitary tumours. In each case stereotaxic transnasal cannulation of the intrasellar mass demonstrated a liquid haematoma under moderate pressure which could be easily aspirated. Restoration of vision and relief from neurological disturbances was prompt. Radiation therapy was then administered to prevent recurrence. PMID- 47949 TI - Doxycycline treatment and human infertility. AB - The role of mycoplasmas in infertility was studied in 120 couples. During the twelve months of the study 27 couples (22-5%) conceived. T mycoplasmas were isolated from 63% of these couples, and Mycoplasma hominis from 18%, compared with 56% and 13%, respectively, in those who did not conceive. 88, with primary infertility of unascertained cause, took part in a controlled trial with doxycycline. The couples in the trial were allocated randomly to three groups: 30 received doxycycline, 28 received a placebo, and 30 couples were untreated. Although a twenty-eight-day course of doxycycline eradicated M. hominis and T strain mycoplasmas from 27 (96%) of the 28 couples harbouring them, the rate of conception was no higher in those treated with the drug than in control groups. It is concluded that mycoplasmas are not associated with primary infertility and that, although doxycycline eradicates them, this drug is of no benefit in the treatment of primary infertility of unascertained cause. PMID- 47950 TI - Myasthenia gravis: a serum factor blocking acetylcholine receptors of the human neuromuscular junction. PMID- 47951 TI - Bone-marrow-profileration patterns in acute myeloblastic leukaemia determined by pulse cytophotometry. AB - The proliferation patterns of normal and leukaemic bone-marrow were studied by measuring the D.N.A. content of large numbers of cells by pulse cytophotometry (P.C.P.). In nineteen normal bone-marrow samples an average of 66-3% of the bone marrow cells were in the G1 phase (2n D.N.A.), 26-1% in the S phase (2n smaller than D.N.A. smaller than 4n), and 7-5% in G2+M phase (4n D.N.A.). The percentages of S-phase cells determined by autoradiography and P.C.P. correlated well, both in normal and in leukaemic bone-marrow. In 25 patients with untreated acute myeloblastic leukaemia (A.M.L.) lower percentages of cells were found in S and G2+M phases, indicating a smaller proliferating pool compared with normal bone marrow. The likelihood of a complete remission being attained in A.M.L. with the first treatment course was correlated with the percentage of S-phase cells present before treatment. At remission in A.M.L. the proliferation pattern was restored to normal. PMID- 47952 TI - Antiglobulin production to altered IgG in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Conformationally altered IgG molecules have been detected in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A hypothesis is presented that specific T cell unresponsiveness to autologous IgG can be bypassed through the recognition of the altered IgG by competent B lymphocytes. The recognition of altered IgG is mediated through membrane Fc receptors (which may themselves be different in rheumatoid arthritis) and this favours stimulation of those cells carrying a specific receptor for an antigenic part of the molecule. A particular cellular arrangement may be required for complete antigenic stimulation and antiglobulin production. The resultant antiglobulin can have the same binding affinity for autologous and homologous IgG since the antigenic part of the molecule need not be a structurally altered site. PMID- 47954 TI - Editorial: Permanent-pacemaker perspective. PMID- 47953 TI - Early events in atherogenesis. AB - Most of the factors that are thought to be involved in atherogenesis can act by producing increased endothelial permeability. They may cause damage in their own separate ways or through their effects on blood-platelets. Several constituents of platelets could produce vascular damage that may result in intimal oedema and subsequent atherosclerosis. PMID- 47955 TI - Editorial: Evaluation of new smoking products. PMID- 47957 TI - Editorial: Psychology in medical education. PMID- 47956 TI - Editorial: Theory and practice in endemic goitre. PMID- 47958 TI - Editorial: I.P.O.P.--miracle, menace, or gimmick. PMID- 47959 TI - Editorial: Don't wait for the review body. PMID- 47962 TI - Letter: Future of the N.H.S. PMID- 47961 TI - Capital spending on the health service. PMID- 47960 TI - Antivenom in sea-snake bit poisoning. AB - Among a series of 101 patients bitten by sea-snakes in Malaya in the years 1957 64, 80% were fishermen. Bathers and divers are occasionally bitten. Before sea snake antivenom became available the mortality-rate (despite the high toxicity of sea-snake venom) was only 10%; however, of 11 with serious poisoning, 6 died. Subsequently 10 patients with serious poisoning received specific sea-snake antivenom; 2 patients, admitted moribund, temporarily improved but died, and 8 patients recovered dramatically. In serious poisoning the suitable dosage of intravenous sea-snake antivenom is 3000-10,000 units; in mild poisoning 1000-2000 units should suffice. PMID- 47963 TI - Letter: Immunological control of cancer. PMID- 47964 TI - Letter: The perils of a whole-timer. PMID- 47965 TI - Letter: Screening for hypertension. PMID- 47966 TI - Letter: Discrepancy between solution and bioavailability of digoxin tablets. PMID- 47967 TI - Letter: Sclerosing peritonitis and practolol. PMID- 47968 TI - Letter: Oxprenolol and a psoriasis-like eruption. PMID- 47969 TI - Letter: Treatment of acromegaly. PMID- 47970 TI - Letter: Electrogenic absorption of glucose. PMID- 47971 TI - Letter: Obesity and glucose receptors. PMID- 47972 TI - Letter: Urine microscopy in detection of bacteriuria. PMID- 47973 TI - Letter: Localized hypertrophic neuropathy, intraneural tumour, or chronic nerve entrapment? PMID- 47974 TI - Letter: Longitudinal sliding of median nerve during hand movements: a contributory factor in entrapment neuropathy? PMID- 47975 TI - Letter: Seasonal variation in incidence of ventricular septal defect. PMID- 47976 TI - Letter: Confidentiality in social work. PMID- 47977 TI - Letter: Prevention and treatment of varicella during steroid therapy. PMID- 47978 TI - Letter: Where have all the conceptions gone? PMID- 47979 TI - Letter: Insulin values and diagnosis of diabetes. PMID- 47980 TI - Letter: Perinatal mortality and diabetes. PMID- 47981 TI - Letter: Person-to-person spread of Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 47982 TI - Letter: Inadequate analgesia at night. PMID- 47983 TI - Letter: Rotaviruses of man and animals. PMID- 47984 TI - Letter: Viruses in water. PMID- 47985 TI - Letter: Amines, anticonvulsants, and epilepsy. PMID- 47986 TI - Letter: Visceral leishmaniasis in Italy. PMID- 47988 TI - Letter: Methadone maintenance. PMID- 47987 TI - Letter: Dangerous Australian antigens. PMID- 47989 TI - Letter: Role of catecholamines in arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 47990 TI - Letter: Dapsone in granuloma faciale. PMID- 47991 TI - Letter: Vitamine E and cot deaths. PMID- 47992 TI - Letter: Work-chair with tilting seat. PMID- 47993 TI - Letter: Reserpine and chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 47994 TI - Letter: Hyperthermia and cancer. PMID- 47995 TI - Arthur Wallis Kendall. PMID- 47996 TI - Letter: Diet and western disease. PMID- 47997 TI - Total body and serum potassium during prolonged thiazide therapy for essential hypertension. AB - Serum-potassium and total body potassium (T.B.K.) were measured serially for 1 year in a group of eighteen patients with mild essential hypertension. The patients were receiving a single daily dose of 10 mg. bendrofluazide without potassium supplements. At 12 months the mean value for serum-potassium (3-86 mmol per litre) was significantly lower than the mean pre-treatment value (4-26 mmol per litre). There was no significant decrease in T.B.K. in the same period. Diastolic blood-pressure fell significantly, and there were no apparent side effects from the medication. In the group as a whole, a reduction of about 1 mmol per litre in serum-potassium was associated with an average reduction of 10% in T.B.K., but there was a large individual variation. The amount of potassium loss during the period of study did not seem to be clinically significant. It is suggested that routine potassium supplements are not essential in the treatment of uncomplicated essential hypertension with thiazide diuretics. PMID- 47998 TI - Detection of circulating immune complexes in pathological human sera. AB - The results of attempts to detect circulating immune complexes in sera by two methods are described. Both rely on the binding of the first complement component (C1) to the complex for its detection. The results, using these methods, of attempts to show which patients have complexes which contain nucleic acid and hence possibly viral antigens in the complexes are discussed. The anti complementary complexes found in some patients seem to be associated with immune complex vascular disease. PMID- 47999 TI - Faecal shedding of hepatitis-A antigen. AB - Serial stool specimens from two individuals with experimental hepatitis-A infection were examined and the shedding pattern of hepatitis-A antigen (HAAg) was determined by immune electron microscopy. HAAg particles were detected at least 5 days before the development of abnormal transaminase levels and jaundice, but not later than the day of peak transaminase levels. The pattern of early faecal shedding of HAAg particles correlated well with the early infectivity of faeces and accorded with the suggestion that HAAg is involved in the aetiology of hepatitis-A infection. PMID- 48000 TI - Elective induction of labour. A randomised prospective trial. AB - In a prospective, randomised trial, 111 obstetrically normal pregnant women, who had elective induction of labour performed between 39 and 40 weeks, were compared with 117 controls who were managed expectantly until 41 weeks. Compared with the controls, the patients who had elective induction of labour had significantly less meconium staining in labour and a smaller blood-loss after delivery. The mean length of labour, the amount of pethidine used, and the Apgar scores at 1 minute were similar in the two groups. In the electively induced group, the caesarean-section rate was lower and the use of epidural analgesia more common than in the controls, but the differences were mot statistically signficant. The hour of delivery was similar in the two groups, suggesting that convenience to medical and nursing staff would not be greatly changed by elective induction of labour. There was no evidence that the hazards to mother and child were increased by elective induction, and its use might improve perinatal mortality by reducing the number of unexplained mature stillbirths. PMID- 48001 TI - Complement changes and disseminated intravascular coagulation in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. AB - Complement activation as shown by increased clearance of radioactive C1q and reduction in serum-C3 level was found in fifteen (83%) of eighteen patients studied during Plasmodium falciparum infection. Six patients had haemostatic defects suggesting disseminated intravascular coagulation (D.I.C.), and five others had other clinical complications. A correlation was found between reduction of C3 and clinical complications as well as with the degree of anaemia and with thrombocytopenia. Moreover, the most severe thrombocytopenia and the most severe reduction of C3 levels were found in those patients with D.I.C. An immune reaction associated with complement activation in P. falciparum infection is believed to contribute to injury of red blood-cells and platelets and to promote the development of D.I.C. and other serious clinical complications. PMID- 48002 TI - Resistance to slimming: adaptation or illusion? AB - Twenty-nine women who claimed that they could not lose weight on prescribed diets were isolated in a country house and fed 1500 kcal. per day for 3 weeks. Nine women maintained weight within plus or minus 1 kg. and were characterised by low basal (B.M.R.) and daily metabolic rates and by a long previous history of dieting. The remaining women did lose weight, but there was much individual variation. B.M.R. is a good indicator of probable weight loss as a result of dieting. In the group as a whole it was more closely related to body fat than to lean body mass. It was also related to fat-cell number as determined by biopsy, but not to fat-cell size. These findings suggest that among a group of would-be slimmers who claim to be unable to lose weight there will be some who have become metabolically adapted to a low-energy diet and others whose inability to lose weight is illusory. PMID- 48003 TI - Metronidazole for Crohn's disease. AB - Five patients with Crohn's disease for 4 months to 12 years were treated with metronidazole. Four of them improved after 2-4 weeks' treatment. In three of them corticosteroids and sulphasalazine could be withdrawn. One patient did not improve until 4 months of metronidazole treatment had passed and corticosteroids were reintroduced. In three patients metronidazole was discontinued after 4-6 months of treatment. Two of them had no signs or symptoms of relapse 3 and 6 months later. The third patient is free from symptoms but laboratory data indicate disease activity. PMID- 48004 TI - Correlation of the blood-level of a pregnancy-associated alpha-macroglobulin with the clinical course of cancer patients. AB - The variations in serum level of a pregnancy-associated alpha-macroglobulin (P.A.M.) were studied during the treatment of breast-cancer patients. Good correlation was found between P.A.M. concentrations and the course of the disease -levels rose prior to the clinical recognition of metastatic disease and decreased significantly on successful treatment. Periodic P.A.M. determinations may allow detection of tumour recurrence while it is still at a treatable stage. PMID- 48005 TI - Changing composition of human milk and early development of an appetite control. AB - It is suggested that the changes in composition of human milk during the feed are associated with development of an appetite-control mechanism in breast-fed babies. If such a mechanism exists it would be destroyed by artificial feeds of constant concentration and flavour. PMID- 48006 TI - Editorial: When to measure renin. PMID- 48007 TI - Developmental screening. PMID- 48008 TI - Editorial: Hayfever. PMID- 48009 TI - Editorial: Spontaneous nuclear fission and decompression illness. PMID- 48010 TI - International outbreak of Salmonella Eastbourne infection traced to contaminated chocolate. AB - Between Dec. 4, 1973, and Feb. 15, 1974, 80 cases of infection due to Salmonella eastbourne, previously a rare isolated serotype in the United States, were reported from twenty-three States. An additional 39 cases were reported from seven Provinces in Canada during a similar period. A telephone case-control study implicated Christmas-wrapped chocolate balls manufactured by a Canadian company as the vehicle of transmission. S. eastbourne was subsequently isolated from several samples of leftover chocolate balls obtained from homes where cases occurred. Investigation of the factory revealed that the contaminated Christmas and Easter chocolates, and a few chocolate items for year-round sale, had been produced between May and October, 1973. Bacteriological testing of samples taken at the plant implicated cocoa beans as the probable source of the salmonella organisms which, in the low-moisture chocolate, were able to survive heating during production. This outbreak and the finding of salmonella of other serotypes in chocolates produced by another manufacturer suggest that chocolate-related salmonellosis may be a significant public-health problem. PMID- 48011 TI - Letter: Atmospheric ozone and femoral fractures. PMID- 48012 TI - Letter: Future of the National Health Service. PMID- 48013 TI - Letter: Working to a new contract? PMID- 48014 TI - Letter: 40-hour contract for junior hospital doctors. PMID- 48016 TI - Letter: Evaluation of new smoking products. PMID- 48015 TI - Letter: Confidentiality in social work. PMID- 48017 TI - Letter: Intravenous prostaglandin and the gallbladder. PMID- 48018 TI - Letter: Levamisole and functions of peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 48019 TI - Letter: Clofibrate in prevention of ischaemic heart-disease. PMID- 48020 TI - Letter: The heparin thrombin clotting-time. PMID- 48021 TI - Letter: Fat mobilisation and platelet aggregation. PMID- 48022 TI - Letter: Bran and blood-lipids. PMID- 48023 TI - Letter: Bowel-transit times and diet. PMID- 48024 TI - Letter: Arneth-Cooke count: timing cancer therapy. PMID- 48025 TI - Letter: Green-tobacco sickness. PMID- 48026 TI - Letter: HL-AS and W15 in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 48027 TI - Letter: Spokesmen for the children. PMID- 48028 TI - Letter: Treatment of hypoglycaemia. PMID- 48029 TI - Letter: Incidence of congenital limb-reduction deformities. PMID- 48030 TI - Letter: Whooping-cough vaccination. PMID- 48031 TI - Letter: Nature of the hairy cell. PMID- 48032 TI - Letter: Adjuvant contact suppression of experimental tumours. PMID- 48033 TI - Letter: Treatment of multiple sclerosis with anti-lymphocyte globulin. PMID- 48034 TI - Letter: Immunoenzymatic assay for alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 48035 TI - Letter: Temperature regulation in helium-oxygen atmospheres. PMID- 48036 TI - Letter: Peptidase and coeliac disease. PMID- 48037 TI - Letter: Reaction to Kveim-test material in sarcoidosis. PMID- 48038 TI - Varicose veins in developing countries. PMID- 48039 TI - Letter: Extrapyramidal dementia and levodopa. PMID- 48040 TI - Letter: Late mortality in Wilm's tumour. PMID- 48041 TI - Letter: Prolactin, levodopa, and migraine. PMID- 48043 TI - Letter: Protein synthesis and hyperosmolality. PMID- 48042 TI - Letter: Endotoxaemia in liver cirrhosis: treatment with polymyxin B. PMID- 48044 TI - Letter: SI units and nutrition. PMID- 48045 TI - Letter: Base excess and organic acidaemia. PMID- 48046 TI - Letter: Osteitis condensans ilii. PMID- 48047 TI - Letter: Organic aciduria and ampicillin. PMID- 48048 TI - Letter: Third-trimester uterine sepsis associated with shield-type intrauterine device. PMID- 48049 TI - Letter: Thyrotoxicosis due to "silent" thyroiditis. PMID- 48050 TI - Arthur Lister. PMID- 48051 TI - Dr. Bruno Gans. PMID- 48052 TI - Dr. S. C. Dyke. PMID- 48053 TI - Controlled prospective study of the effect on liver function of multiple exposures to halothane. AB - Patients who had received halothane within a periof of one year and who required another anaesthetic were allocated at random to be given halothane or a control anaesthetic, the control being fiben using halothane-free apparatus. There were 76 patients entries in each group. Serum-glutamic-oxaloacetic-transaminase (S.G.O.T.) levels were measured before the anaesthetics and serially postoperatively for two to three weeks. The S.G.O.T. levels in the halothane group were significantly higher than in the controls. High levels were confined to patients who had had less than four previous halothane anaesthetics, increases above normal in the remainder and in the controls being rate. 1 patient in the halothane group had an S.G.O.T. of 440 I.U. per litre and hepatocellular necrosis on liver biopsy. 2 patients in the halothane group whose S.G.O.T.s rose to more than twice normal showed a similar reaction to re-exposure to halothane, although they had not shown a reaction to an intervening control anaesthetic. PMID- 48054 TI - Controlled trial of repeated halothane anaesthetics in patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated with radium. AB - 39 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix who were treated with radium and required repeated general anaesthetics were randomised to halothane and control groups. Their serum-alanine-aminotransferase (S.G.P.T.) levels were measured before each general anaesthetic, and those patients whose S.G.P.T. levels rose above 100 I.U. per litre were freed from the restriction determined by the initial allocation and treated as indicated clinically. None of the 21 patients in the control group had S.G.P.T. levels rising above 100 I.U. per litre. 4 out of 18 patients in the halothane group developed S.G.P.T. levels above 100 i.u. per litre before their third radium treatment. None of these had any symptoms or alteration in other liver-function tests, but liver biopsies in 2 of these patients showed changes characteristic of Hepatitis. Arbitrary selection of 18 out of the 39 patients would only give rise to the degree of abnormality observed in the halothane-treated group with a probability of about 0-02. In the patients studied who required repeated general anaesthetics at short time intervals, the monitoring of S.G.P.T. levels before each operation was useful screen for liver damage and may have reduced postoperative hepatic necrosis by preventing further anaesthetics with halothane when the liver was already damaged. PMID- 48055 TI - Enhanced bactericidal activity of phagocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease in the presence of sulphisoxazole. AB - The decrease in the frequency and severity of bacterial infections in four of five children with chronic granulomatous disease (C.G.D.) on long-term sulphonamide therapy was out of proportion to demonstrable direct antibacterial effects of the drug. In an attempt to determine the mechanism for this apparent protective effect, the killing of sulphisoxazole-resistant Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by leucocytes from five patients with C.G.D. was studied in the presence or absence of 5-50 mug. per ml. sulphisoxazole. With leucocytes from all five patients there was a modest but reproducible enhancement of bactericidal activity in the presence of the sulphonamide. Studies of phagocytosis-associated oxidative metabolism in patients' cell have not revealed a metabolic basis for improved killing. PMID- 48056 TI - Asthma mortality associated with pneumothorax and intermittent positive-pressure breathing. AB - Many patients with acute asthma are treated with intermittent positive-pressure breathing (I.P.P.B.) devices. The development of pneumothorax in two fatal cases and its association with I.P.P.B suggests that this complication may be an important hazard in the treatment of acute asthma. PMID- 48057 TI - Thioguanine as primary treatment for chronic granulocytic leukaemia. AB - In an attempt to convert the bone-marrow population from Philadelphia-chromosome (Ph-1) positivt to partially or wholly Ph-1 negative, thioguanine was used as primary therapy in seven patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (C.G.L.). Although eight episodes of neutropenia were induced, prolonged remission or conversion to Ph-1-negativity was not achieved in any patient. However, thioguanine was at least as effective as busulphan for initial therapy in C.G.L., and had the advantage of rapid reversibility of haemopoietic depression when discontinued. Thioguanine merits further evaluation as an agent for the management of C.G.L. in its chronic phase. PMID- 48058 TI - Portacaval shunt in four patients with homozygous hypercholesterolaemia. AB - Four patients with homozygous hyperbetalipoproteinaemia who had proved resistant to intensive medical therapy have undergone portacaval shunt. During 3 weeks of total parenteral alimentation before the operation, the serum-cholesterol decreased significantly in each of the four patients. During the fat-emulsion phase of hyperalimentation, one patient experienced a rise in cholesterol. Postoperatively, the size of xanthomas decreased in all cases; serum-cholesterol levels rose above those achieved during hyperalimentation, and this rise continued for as long as 3 months before a further reduction was recorded. In patients with angina, this improved considerably; and in most cases bruits decreased in itensity. The results at this stage do not, however, suggest portacaval shunt for all patients with homozygous hypercholesterolaemia. PMID- 48059 TI - Survival of the genetically incompatible fetal allograft. AB - A hypothesis is put forward to account for the non-rejection of the fetal allograft, based on shared surface-repellent molecules (S.R.M.s) which prevent close apposition of maternal and fetal immunocompetent cells. This hypothesis is shown to be compatible with the major theoretical requirements of the immune system. Thus it provides possible explanations for the self/not-self recognition process, tolerance to organ transplants, the development of autoimmune disease, and high and low zone tolerance. It is also argued that the recognition of self is important with reference to cellular antigens, but may not be essential for humoral antigens. PMID- 48060 TI - The cardiotape machine. PMID- 48061 TI - Editorial: Halothane. PMID- 48063 TI - Editorial: The methylfolate-trap hypothesis. PMID- 48062 TI - Editorial: An assistant in the house? PMID- 48064 TI - Editorial: A smell of burning. PMID- 48065 TI - Editorial: Narcolepsy and cataplexy. PMID- 48066 TI - Infectious mononucleosis: model for self-limiting lymphoproliferation. AB - Evidence for the extensive lymphoproliferation which characterises infectious mononucleosis (I.M.) is summarised, and some of the mechanisms which are though to control lymphoproliferative activity in this disease are discussed. The main host responses which appear to limit lymphoproliferation in I.M. include the development of humoral antibodies against the Epstein-Barr (E.B.) virus associated membrane antigen (present on the E.B. viral envelope and on E.B.-virus infected cells) and cellular immune responses directed against E.B.-virus containing lymphocytes. Recent evidence is reviewed which indicates that E.B. virus preferentially infects B lymphocytes and that these E.B.-virus-containing cells, which are altered antigenically, evoke a massive response in the host T cells which do not carry E.B. virus; in the presence of E.B.-virus-infected B cells, T cells are transformed and become cytotoxic for B cells. Some of the general implications of the predominant T-cell response in I.M. are discussed with particular relation to autoantibody formation and antigenic competition. The possible role of the distinctive heterophil antigens and antibodies in determining the self-limiting course of I.M. is briefly considered. The general status of I.M. as a self-limiting, albeit intense, lymphoproliferative disease is appraised and the tenuous relationship between I.M. and irreversible lymphoproliferative states is discussed. PMID- 48067 TI - Letter: Hot-water bottles and cancer. PMID- 48068 TI - Letter: Electrical hazards of disposable monitoring electrodes. PMID- 48069 TI - Letter: Pregnancy spacing by child weight. PMID- 48070 TI - Letter: The consultants' contract. PMID- 48071 TI - Letter: Skin microvascular lesions in lymphomas. PMID- 48072 TI - Letter: Absorption of zinc in acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 48073 TI - Letter: Computers now. PMID- 48074 TI - Letter: Lymphocytic choriomeningitis associated with hamsters. PMID- 48075 TI - Letter: Blood-lipids in renal disease. PMID- 48076 TI - Letter: Bran and blood-lipids. PMID- 48077 TI - Letter: Linoleic acid as an immunosuppressive agent. PMID- 48078 TI - Letter: Intralipid and thrombocytopenia. PMID- 48079 TI - Letter: Reserpine and chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 48080 TI - Letter: Growth and anticonvulsant therapy. PMID- 48081 TI - Letter: Arachidonic acid and parturition. PMID- 48082 TI - Letter: Effect of sapirin on oestriol excretion in pregnancy. PMID- 48084 TI - Letter: A large field dressing. PMID- 48083 TI - Letter: The low-lying placenta and dysmaturity. PMID- 48085 TI - Letter: Status of lithium patients as blood-donors. PMID- 48087 TI - Letter: A lost contact lens. PMID- 48086 TI - Letter: Hexachlorophane dusting-powder for newborn infants. PMID- 48088 TI - Letter: Present-day practice in infant feeding. PMID- 48089 TI - Letter: Gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 48090 TI - Letter: Fetal viability. PMID- 48091 TI - Letter: Reduction of serum-alkaline-phosphatase by clofibrate. PMID- 48092 TI - Letter: Congenital dislocation of the hip in Brittany. PMID- 48093 TI - Letter: Gonadoblastoma in dysgenetic gonads with a Y chromosome. PMID- 48094 TI - Letter: Accidental injection of Freund's adjuvant. PMID- 48095 TI - Letter: Stratospheric ozone destruction and halogenated anaesthetics. PMID- 48096 TI - Letter: Urinalysis in assessment of diabetic control. PMID- 48097 TI - Letter: Antigenicity of monocomponent insulin. PMID- 48098 TI - Letter: Methicillin-associated fever. PMID- 48099 TI - Letter: Multiple hepatic adenomas associated with an oral contraceptive. PMID- 48100 TI - Letter: Necrosis of femoral heads after renal transplantation. PMID- 48101 TI - Letter: Benign prostatic hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate. PMID- 48102 TI - Letter: Indomethacin in hypercalcaemia. PMID- 48103 TI - Letter: Absolutism and alcoholism. PMID- 48104 TI - Letter: Erythrocytosis and renal-artery stenosis in transplants. PMID- 48105 TI - Letter: Levamisole. PMID- 48106 TI - Letter: Mass miniature radiography. PMID- 48107 TI - Letter: Does T4 toxicosis exist? PMID- 48108 TI - Letter: Mortality and water hardness. PMID- 48109 TI - Letter: The Open University and medical studies. PMID- 48110 TI - Letter: Therapy for diarrhoea. PMID- 48111 TI - Letter: T.R.H. test in subacute thyroiditis. PMID- 48112 TI - Letter: Dosage of steroids. PMID- 48113 TI - Letter: Reconsideration of 125-I therapy in Graves' disease. PMID- 48114 TI - Letter: Kumidini hospital. PMID- 48115 TI - Cyril Leslie Oakley. PMID- 48116 TI - Norman Leslie Capener. PMID- 48117 TI - Vernon Udall. PMID- 48118 TI - William Phillips. PMID- 48119 TI - X-linked recessive progressive combined variable immunodeficiency (Duncan's disease). AB - Of 18 boys in Duncan kindred, 6 died of a lymphoproliferative disease. They exhibited a subtle, progressive combined variable immunodeficiency disease characterised by benign or malignant proliferation of lymphocytes, histiocytosis, and alterations in concentrations of serum-immunoglobulins. Infectious mononucleosis occurred during or preceding terminal events in at least 3 of the cousins. Fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenomegaly, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical lymphocytosis, and a spectrum ranging from agammaglobulinaemia to polyclonal hyper-gammaglobulinaemia occurred. At necropsy, the thymus gland and thymic dependent areas in the lymph-nodes and spleen were depleted of lymphocytes. Diffuse infiltrates composed of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes, some containing erythrocytes, invaded the haematopoietic organs, viscera, and central nervous system. In addition, 2 half-brothers had lymphomas of the ileum and central nervous system. Approximately half the boys, including the half-brothers, were affected, and girls were spared, implying sex-linked recessive inheritance. Various lymphohistiocytoses resemble Duncan's disease, but it is distinctive from them in the mode of inheritance or by histiological characteristics. This study suggests that the Epstein-Barr virus or other viruses triggered the fatal proliferation of lymphocytes and that progressive attrition of T-cell functions allowed uncontrolled lymphoproliferation. PMID- 48120 TI - Oral contraceptives and breast cancer. Progress report of an epidemiological study. AB - 322 women aged 16-45 years undergoing treatment for newly diagnosed breast cancer, together with 502 matched control patients, have been interviewed at six hospitals. The data suggest that the use of oral contraceptives is unrelated to the risk of breast cancer. While this result is reassuring, it is important to remember that it mst be many years yet before the question of the possible relation between oral contraceptives and breast cancer is finally settled. PMID- 48121 TI - Hormonal pattern of relapse in hyperthyroidism. AB - 22 patients with Grave's disease were followed up for up to a year after antithyroid drug therapy was discontinued. Clinical assessment and serum T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating-hormone (T.S.H.) estimations were done serially and simultaneously. Serum T3 or T4 concentrations may be elevated briefly in the first few weeks after antithyroid drugs are stopped, as a rebound effect not necessarily indicative of subsequent relapsf. Clinical relapse of hyperthyroidism with subsequent improvement on antithyroid drugs occurred in 13 patients. Of these 13, serum T3 concentrations became elevated before serum T4 concentrations in 5, thus predicting the subsequent development of clinical hyperthyroidism. In the remaining 8 patients who relapsed, serum T4 was elevated a month before the serum T3. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed clinically after elevated serum T3 concentrations in 11 patients and at the same time in 2 patients. The mean period of "biochemical hyperthyroidism" in these 11 patients was 12 weeks, with a range of 1 to 56 weeks. During this period 9 of the 11 had minor clinical changes attributable to hyperthyroidism. It is concluded that serial estimations of serum T3 provide the most reliable method of monitoring relapse in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 48122 TI - Second malignancies complicating Hodgkin's disease in remission. AB - The incidence of second tumours occurring in the course of Hodgkin's disease has been investigated in a series of 452 patients treated with standard chemotherapy or radiotherapy, combination chemotherapy alone, intensive radiotherapy alone, or both intensive radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy administered in sequence. 16 tumours were noted. When analysed according to mode of treatment, 6 cases occurred in a group of 62 patients who received both modalities. When analysed for age, sex, and man-years of follow-up, this group appears to have 14 5 times the risk of developing a second tumour. However, that subgroup which had a complete remission after intensive radiotherapy followed by a relapse of disease, prior to receiving combination chemotherapy, had the highest risk with 18-5 times greater incidence of second tumour than expected. It is noteworthy that, of the 16 second tumours, 2 were acute myeloid leukaemia; in both cases a similar chromosomal abnormality (45 chromosomes, C-group deletion) was noted. The mechanism of oncogenesis may represent a combination of the immunosuppressive effects and cellular effects of those forms of treatment. PMID- 48123 TI - Fitzgerald factor: a hitherto unrecognised coagulation factor. AB - A newly recognised asymptomatic coagulation-factor deficiency is reported in a 71 year-old man. This factor seems to operate at an early stage in the intrinsic coagulation pathway and participates in other Hageman-factor-mediated biological reactions. The patient has an atypical cellular inflammatory response as observed by the skin-window technique. PMID- 48124 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to liver in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. AB - Mononuclear-cell responses to liver extracts were studied by a migration inhibition assay in patients with alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, chronic alcoholism without evidence of liver disease, and in healthy individuals. Patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis demonstrated liver-antigen-induced inhibition of migration (migration index [M.I]equal 0-58 plus or minus 0-08, mean plus or minus S.D.), while patients with cirrhosis, alcoholism, and acute viral hepatitis, as well as healthy volunteers, did not demonstrate such a response (M.I. 0-92 plus or minus 0-13, 0-90 lus or minus 0-10, 0-86 plus or minus 0-18, 0-99 plus or minus 0-04, respectively). It is concluded that cell mediated immunity to normal or damaged liver tissue may act to perpetuate alcoholic hepatitis and thereby contribute to the development of cirrhosis. PMID- 48125 TI - Lymphocyte-dependent antibody and renal graft rejection. AB - A patient with preformed cytotoxic lymphocyte-dependent antibody (L.D.A.) against the specific renal transplant donor rapidly rejected the grafted kidney. The characteristics of rejection were not those of hyperacute rejection due to cytotoxic complement-dependent antibody or of acute rejection is attributed to the cytotoxic activity of L.D.A. The avoidance of transplants based on positive crossmatches by the L.D.A. test or at least the carrying out of the L.D.A. crossmatch is advised. PMID- 48126 TI - Etomidate, a new water-soluble non-barbiturate intravenous induction agent. AB - This paper describes clinical experimence, in 100 patients, with the new non barbiturate, water soluble induction agent, etomidate. This drug produces sleep in one arm/brain circulation-time. There was no effect on pulse-rate, a slight fall in blood-pressure, and a low frequency of apnoea. Involuntary movements were noted, and in some patients these were severe. Etomidate warrants further evaluation as an intravenous induction agent. PMID- 48127 TI - Atypical spherocytosis, a disease of spleen as well as of red blood-cells. AB - It is proposed that atypical spherocytosis is a result of severe spherocytosis combined with splenic dysfunction. The spleen exercises a "conditioning" effect on the red blood-cell but is insufficient in the "culling" and "pitting" functions. As a result, a large population of severely damaged erythrocytes is circulating in the peripheral blood giving rise to atypical autohaemolysis. PMID- 48128 TI - Editorial: Anaemia in chronic renal failure. PMID- 48129 TI - Editorial: Prenatal cestrogen-continued. PMID- 48130 TI - Editorial: Autotransplantation ahoy! PMID- 48131 TI - Editorial: More and more beta-blockers. PMID- 48132 TI - Editorial: Intravenous anaesthesia. PMID- 48134 TI - Editorial: The future of psychiatry. PMID- 48133 TI - Editorial: Sleep. PMID- 48135 TI - Editorial: One step out of the wood. PMID- 48136 TI - A medical course for the Open University. PMID- 48137 TI - Day-transfusion centre for patients with thalassaemia major. AB - In August, 1973, the Royal Children's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, established a day-transfusion centre for treatment of children with thalassemia major. The centre is described, and the results of the first 4 months of operation were compared with a similar period before the centre opened, for the same fifty children. A significant decrease in total number of nights spent in hospital, hours spent at hospital for each blood-transfusion, days lost from school or unusual activity, and travel cost was noted. The transfusion-rate rose, but this probably reflected a change of policy rather than an effect of the centre. PMID- 48138 TI - Future of the G.M.C. PMID- 48139 TI - Letter: Flatulent dyspepsia: unnecessary operations--and investigations. PMID- 48141 TI - Letter: Overseas doctors in the health service. PMID- 48140 TI - Letter: The consultants' work-to-contract. PMID- 48142 TI - Letter: Primary health-care teams. PMID- 48143 TI - Letter: Tests for immigrant doctors. PMID- 48144 TI - Letter: Women doctors' retainer scheme. PMID- 48145 TI - Letter: Medical equipment and V.A.T. PMID- 48146 TI - Letter: Medicine and health: what connection? PMID- 48147 TI - Letter: Detection of HBsaG by passive haemagglutination test. PMID- 48148 TI - Letter: Intestinal lymphocytes in Crohn's disease. PMID- 48149 TI - Letter: Hairy Cells. PMID- 48150 TI - Letter: Normarski optics and T and B markers. PMID- 48151 TI - Letter: In-vitro restoration by levamisole of thymus-derived lymphocyte functions in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 48152 TI - Letter: Subnormal lymphocyte-counts in adult coeliac disease. PMID- 48153 TI - Letter: C3 standards? PMID- 48154 TI - Letter: Immunological control of cancer. PMID- 48155 TI - Letter: Cellular immunity in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 48156 TI - Letter: Pathogenesis of myelopathy in cervical spondylosis. PMID- 48157 TI - Letter: Antenatal diagnosis of congenital nephrosis. PMID- 48158 TI - Letter: Vitamin-D metabolism in chronic renal failure. PMID- 48159 TI - Letter: New begining at new end. PMID- 48160 TI - Letter: Chronic low-level leaf exposure and mental retardation. PMID- 48161 TI - Letter: History-taking by computer. PMID- 48162 TI - Letter: Potentiation of antidepressant action of clomipramine by tryptophan. PMID- 48163 TI - Letter: Thyrotoxicosis due to "silent" thyroiditis. PMID- 48164 TI - Letter: Asbestosis. PMID- 48165 TI - Letter: A controlled study of transfer factor in protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 48166 TI - Letter: Postscript to thalidomide. PMID- 48167 TI - Letter: Blood-lipids in renal disease. PMID- 48168 TI - Letter: Child poisoning and type of tablet container. PMID- 48169 TI - Letter: Dopamine and Huntington's chorea. PMID- 48170 TI - Letter: Differentiation of iron deficiency from thalassaemia triat. PMID- 48171 TI - Letter: Effect of X-ray exposure on nitroblue-tetrazolium test. PMID- 48172 TI - Letter: Is your iron and iron-binding capacity really necessary? PMID- 48173 TI - Letter: Cocaine , amphetamine, and tricyclic antidepressants and synaptic transmission. PMID- 48174 TI - Martha Graham Robson. PMID- 48175 TI - [Statistical analysis of the distinct factors affecting post-extrasystolic potentiation in the human heart]. PMID- 48176 TI - Documentation in mental retardation. PMID- 48177 TI - Development and application of sequence-specific radioimmunoassays for analysis of the metabolism of parathyroid hormone. PMID- 48178 TI - Editorial: Lead in petrol. PMID- 48179 TI - Letter: Dangers of leaded petrol. PMID- 48180 TI - Some aspects of the management of hypertension. 1. General considerations. PMID- 48181 TI - [Diagnosis and control of therapy of thyroid disorders by TRH-test (author's transl)]. AB - TSH-measurement before and after stimulation with TRH proved to be of good value in the diagnosis of thyroid dysfunctions, better than other parameters including J-131-test. During treatment of hypothyroid disorder TRH-test, often repeatable, allows estimation of T4 substitution dosis. In Graves disease therapy, furthermore, should be judged by in-vitro or clinical parameters. PMID- 48182 TI - [Basophil leucocytes and hyperlipidemia (author's transl)]. AB - In explorations with 42 patients, who have got 2 g of fat per kg body weight, Heidsick, a member of our hospital, discussed quantitative and qualitative changing in basophil leucocytes in relation to the cholesterol and triglyceride content of the blood and the body weight. He showed, that there was an increase of basophil leucocytes under the load of fat and a changing in their cellular structure. There was no significant relation to the cholesterol level in blood, but there was such one in a group of healthy persons to the triglyceride level. Important was also a significant correlation between the body weight and the number of basophilic leucocytes. PMID- 48183 TI - [Propafenon, a new antiarrhythmic agent for the treatment of ectopic and rapid cardiac arrhythmias (author's transl)]. AB - Propafenon (SA 79, Fenoprain, Baxarytmon) is a new antiarrhythmic agent with "quinidine-like" localanaesthetic direct membrane and beta adrenergic blocking actions. The drug was given to 50 patients with various types of cardiac arrhythmias. The effective and compatible dose was 70-140 mg administered intravenously in 1 to 3 minutes. Therapeutic success was observed in ectopic beats and paroxysmal tachycardias of both atrial and ventricular origin. Propafenon is effective on the sinus node, the atrial wall and the atrioventricular muscle; the rate of sinus node and ectopic pacemakers is lowered. The atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction time may be increased. Within the therapeutic dose Propafenon has only minimal cardiodepressive activity. Propafenon should not be given in patients with severe heart failure, hypotension and shock and atrioventricular block. PMID- 48184 TI - [Effects, on clinical and biohumoral constants, of cobamide and dimetazine treatment in infantile dystrophy]. PMID- 48186 TI - Editorials: The wolf. PMID- 48185 TI - [On the behavior of serum protein fractions in primary pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 48187 TI - Human gamma globulin: substrate for polyphenol oxidase. PMID- 48188 TI - [Staining of the myelin sheath]. PMID- 48189 TI - Premature chromosme condensation in the bone marrow of Chinese hamster after application of bleomycin in vivo. AB - The Chinese hamster bone marrow was used as a test system in vivo to analyse the chromosome-danaging effect of bleomycin. Both chromosome and chromatid aberrations were found. Mitoses with aberrations (Ma) show a linear dose-effect relationship after a recovery time of 24 h, the same hold true for cells with micronuclei (Cm) and for mitoses with premature chromosome condensation (PCC). The dose-effect relationships for Ma, Cm and PCC run parallel to each other with Ma at the highest and PCC at the lowest level (Ma greater than Cm greater than PCC). The time-effect relationships for Ma, Cm and PCC show that after 12 h recovery time there are no PCCs but the highest frequencies of Ma and Cm indicating that most cells are in their first post-treatment mitoses or Gi-phases at this fixation time. In addition to the frequency determinations autoradiographic analysis were performed to clarigy the nature of the PCCs. The results are interpreted as follows: bleomycin induces chromosomal aberrations that in turn give rise to micronuclei by means of lagging chromatin, main and micronuclei eventually become asynchronous in their cell cycles and mitosing main nuclei induce PCC in the micronuclei. PMID- 48190 TI - The micronucleus test. PMID- 48191 TI - Induction of serum Haemophilus influenzae type B capsular antibodies in adult volunteers fed cross-reacting Escherichia coli 075:K100:H5. AB - Serum Haemophilus influenzae Type b (HITB) anticapsular antibodies were induced in adult volunteers by feeding of either of two strains of a cross-reacting Escherichia coli 075:K100:H5. In all the fed volunteers colonization for a finite period lasting up to eight weeks occurred, without adventitious reactions. Nine of 14 normal volunteers and one of two volunteers previously immunized with the Type 6 H.influenzae polysaccharide responded with a greater than twofold increase in serum Type 6H. influenzae antibodies. These antibodies induced by Esch. coli were specific for the capsular polysaccharide and had bactericidal activity. The safety of this procedure, the comparable results in laboratory animals and the identification of other cross-reacting strains of Esch. coli with meningococcal and pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides suggest that colonization with these nonpathogenic organisms at birth may provide a general method of preventive immunization to diseases caused by encapsulated bacteria. PMID- 48192 TI - Formalin infiltration of the ductus arteriosus. A method for palliation of infants with selected congenital cardiac lesions. AB - To circumvent the decreased pulmonary blood flow associated with closure of the ductus arteriosus in newborns with heart defects, we infiltrated buffered formalin solution into the wall of that structure to delay its closure. In four infants with pulmonary atresia in whom shunts had been unsuccessful or were technically not feasible, this procedure produced rapid improvement of arterial oxygen tension that was maintained in three infants for one to nine months. The other died of complications of attempted shunt procedures. In an infant with interrupted aortic arch and a large ventricular septal defect, formalin infiltration of the ductus and pulmonary arterial banding alleviated cardiac failure and improved lower-body perfusion. Formalin infiltration of the ductus is an effective palliative technic for treating certain congenital cardiac defects. No adverse effects have been noted. PMID- 48193 TI - Editorial: Nonsurgical palliation of congenital heart malformations. PMID- 48194 TI - Letter: Streaking with bleomycin. PMID- 48195 TI - Metabolic parameters in women with metastatic breast cancer. AB - The metabolic mechanism for increased circulating free fatty acids in post menopausal women with metastatic breast cancer was investigated. Hormone and metabolic response to glucose and growth hormone were compared to cancer patients and control subjects; thyroid, adrenal and pituitary function were evaluated. The results of these studies indicated that breast cancer patients had glucose intolerance and delayed and prolonged insulin secretion, increased basal growth hormone levels and insensitivity of adipose tissue to growth hormone. Cortisol and protein-bound iodine levels were normal and there was no lipolytic factor in the sera of breast cancer patients. The changes observed in breast cancer patients were not attributable to age, obesity, inanition or stress. These metabolic abnormalities may characterize host susceptibility to breast cancer or be effects of tumor. PMID- 48197 TI - Human lymphocytes recognise mouse alloantigens. PMID- 48196 TI - Unique and repetitive sequences in multiple genes for feather keratin. AB - Embryonic chick feather keratins are a family of homologous polypeptide chains. The mRNA coding for these has been obtained in a pure state and transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA) using the reverse transcriptase from avian myeloblastosis virus. Studies on the kinetics of hybridisation and reannealing of cDNA indicate that there are 25-35 different keratin mRNA species in the embryonic chick feather, and a total of 100-240 keratin genes in the chick genome. Each keratin gene contains both a unique and a repetitive sequence. It is proposed that the repetitive sequences are the keratin coding sequences and that the unique sequences correspond to untranslated regions. PMID- 48198 TI - Properdin factor B and histocompatibility loci linked in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 48199 TI - Release of leukocyte kallikrein mediated by IgE. PMID- 48200 TI - Antibody-induced cell-mediated damage to human endothelial cells in vitro. PMID- 48201 TI - Specific lymphocyte-activating determinants expressed on mouse macrophages. PMID- 48202 TI - Histones in fixed cytological preparations of Chinese hamster chromosomes demonstrated by immunofluorescence. PMID- 48203 TI - [Why do it the hard way if it can be done the easy way]. PMID- 48204 TI - [National production of audiovisual programs for medical education]. PMID- 48205 TI - Blood lead of Omaha school children--topographic correlation with industry, traffic and housing. PMID- 48206 TI - Physiologic basis for hormonal theapy in carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 48207 TI - Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Early recognition and management. AB - At the present time the medical management of prostatic hyperplasia remains primarily in the investigative stage. Various prostatic inhibitory substances, primarily hormonal in nature, have been studied in animals and humans. The work of Scott with cyproterone acetate in a group of 13 patients with nodular hyperplasia demonstrated improvement of the obstructive symptoms in 11 patients, an increased flow rate in 9, reduction of residual urine in 8, decrease in prostatic size in 7, and epithelial histologic changes in 8. Nevertheless in spite of these and other encouraging preliminry results, the principal therapy for genign prostatic hyperplasia is surgical relief of bladder neck obstruction by prostatectomy which has a mortality rate of less than one per cent. The effects of medical therapy remain uncertain and are employed primarily in patients who are poor surgical risks. PMID- 48208 TI - Suprapubic and retropubic prostatectomy for prostatic hyperlasia. AB - The historical aspects, preoperative evaluation including preoperative note and postoperative flow sheet examples, and the surgical techniques of suprapubic and retropbuic prostatectomies are described in detail. These procedures allow relief from symptomatic prostatic hyperplasia with minimal morbidity and mortality. PMID- 48209 TI - Symposium on the prostate. Perineal prostatectomy. PMID- 48210 TI - Immunology of the prostate. PMID- 48211 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid proteins in multiple sclerosis. AB - Various CSF proteins were studied in 255 definite multiple sclerosis patients at various disease stages and compared with corresponding values obtained from 174 controls. The CSF changes in acute multiple sclerosis patients included a significant increase of total proteins and of gamma globulin, IgG, IgA, IgM, alpha-2 ceruloplasmin, 7S-gamma-1, and cytotoxic index for nerve cells in tissue culture, and significant decreases of pre-albumin, alpha-1, and alpha-2 and of the beta/gamma globulin ratio. The CSF levels of IgG, IgA, and IgM remained significantly higher in steroid-treated multiple sclerosis patients than in controls, but the levels often were significantly reduced while patients were on treatment or in remission. During remission or treatment with ACTH and/or steroids, the alpha-2 ceruloplasmin, 7S-gamma-1, and cytotoxic index were significantly reduced and the pre-albumin, alpha-1, and alpha-2 globulin classes and the beta/gamma ratio showed a tendency to return to normal. PMID- 48212 TI - Unusual demyelinating disease. A form of diffuse-disseminated sclerosis. AB - A young man, in good health until the age of 22, developed progressive personality changes, lethargy, motor diffuculities, urinary bladder dysfunction, and convulsions. Spinal fluid abnormalities included monocytic pleocytosis and selective increase of gamma globulins. The clinical features and the structural lesions in the central nervous system are reminiscent of disseminated-diffuse sclerosis. Oligodendrocytes appeared normal in number and showed nonspecific abnormalities. Comparison of the structural lesions found in this case with those described in seven reports of demyelination indicates that the separation of this syndrome, as a distinct entity, may not be justified. We suggest that such cases be classified as myelinoclastic disorders, in the same category with multiple sclerosis and its variants. PMID- 48213 TI - [Long-term results of the treatment of aorto-iliac and peripheral arteriosclerotic arteriopathies]. PMID- 48214 TI - [Tuberculosis of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes in ambulatory practice]. AB - While endemic T.B. is undoubtedly receding, sources of infection are still widespread and knowledge of the pathology of the bacillus is still required. A short account of tracheobroncheal lymphadenopathy is accompanied by radiological illustration of personal cases treated without hospitalisation. PMID- 48215 TI - [Therapeutic effect of a pharmacologic combination of choleretics and digestive enzymes in exocrine pancreatic insufficiency]. AB - Phosphorylcholine and homocysteine have an important choleretic action and also potentiate exocrine pancreatic secretion by way of stimulation and a more effective preparation of the substrate against attack by lipolytic enzymes. The protection offered by pancreatic enzymes in the correction of the digestive insufficiency in the endoluminal stage is also known. An analysis was therefore made of the action of an association of phosphorylcholine homocysteine and digestive enzymes in cases of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and primary or secondary malabsorption. This action was evaluated on the basis of the reduction of elimination of steatorrhoea. For this purpose, faecal lipids were determined with the method proposed by van de Kramer et al. The most significant results were obtained in cases where digestive insufficiency was most marked, where correction of the pancreatic enzyme deficiency and improved biliary function were particularly required. PMID- 48216 TI - [Senile thyroid disease]. PMID- 48217 TI - [Criteria for choice of therapeutic procedures in lymphomas]. AB - Surgery, high-energy radiotherapy and cyclic polychemotherapy are best indicated for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease and other forms of lymphoma. Overall evaluation will determine the most suitable management in each case. Clinical andpathological stage, the histological picture, the degree of vascular invasion and the immunological reactivity of the patient are the most important factors in such an evaluation. Close cooperation between the haematologist, histologist, radiologist, surgeon, radiotherapist, pharmacologist and immunologist will obviously be required. PMID- 48218 TI - [Current problems in therapy of evolutive malignant granuloma. Our experience with a new scheme of polychemotherapy]. AB - Treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease by associating vincristine, adriblastine, prednisone and procarbazine is compared with other widely employed protocols. Most subjects in the series had already received one or more drugs and had relapsed. In spite of this, 60% were still in complete remission one year after the administration of 6 courses of the new association. An account is given of maintenance therapy in Hodgkin's disease once remission is obtained, and the problems thus raised are illustrated. PMID- 48219 TI - [Palliative demolitive surgery]. AB - Nine cases of untreatable tumour in which radical surgery was employed palliatively are presented. Three hemipelvectomies for recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma were performed. In one case, death occurred postoperatively, probably as a result of pulmonary embolism. One patient survived for 8 months, while the other is still alive after three years. Of two cases in which interscapulothoracic disarticulation was performed, survivals of 9 and 5 months were observed in subjects with fibrosarcoma in a mastectomy site and recurrent sarcoma of the humerus with ling metastases. Survival to 7 months was obtained in a case of sarcoma of the maxilla, while three patients with squama cell cancer of the mouth floor, chondrosarcoma of the mandible and botryoid sarcoma of the tonsillar fossa are still living after periods of 10 months to 2 yr. Though devoid of schematic indications, palliative demolition surgery can be considered in borderline cases where the operative risk is not high. Irrespective of "quantity", the "quality" of life remaining to the patients can be made compatible with the psychophysiological limits of the human personality. PMID- 48220 TI - [On 31 cases of iatrogenic viral acute hepatitis]. PMID- 48221 TI - [Four years of clinical experience with the cardio-eurhythmic action of verapamil in intravenous administration]. AB - Personal clinical experience using Verapamil intravenously in 200 patients with a number of arrhythmia conditions is reported. The effectiveness of the drug in controlling supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia and high ventricular frequency atrial fibrillation in particular is pointed out. Good results were also obtained in atrial flutter, in sinus tachycardia, in extrasystole conditions and, at times, in ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia. Clinical experience limits contraindications to atrioventricular block, severe shock, excessive digitalization, and the associated use of beta block substances. PMID- 48222 TI - Emergency! Part 3: on-the-spot care for aspiration, burns, and poisoning. PMID- 48223 TI - [Origin of macular edema caused by pars planitis]. AB - In four cases with clinical diagnosis of "pars planitis" fluorescein angiography was performed and macular area observed. Permeability disturbances were noted in retinal capillary area. This points to the vitreous changes being secondary to an inflammation of superficial retinal layers. For this reason in those conditions the name "hyalo-retinitis" used by Gartner seems to be more correct than the limiting diagnosis of "pars planitis". PMID- 48224 TI - Subacute thyroiditis. A diagnosis in otolaryngology. AB - Subacute thyroiditis is often unrecognized and patients may be treated for pharyngitis, laryngitis, otitis media or similar disorders connected with otolaryngology. It is conceivable that these patients may seek treatment in ENT departments. The difficulties encountered in making a correct diagnosis are illustrated here on the basis of 12 consecutive cases. Eight of these patients were initially misdiagnosed resulting in useless therapy. Subacute thyroiditis is a self-limiting illness, and permanent myxoedema is rare. Nevertheless, one case with this sequela is reported. PMID- 48225 TI - [Experience with the use of histaglobulin in the treatment of several allergic diseases]. PMID- 48226 TI - [Materials on the evaluation of vaccination against smallpox under the protection of gamma globulin as a method of prevention of neurological complications]. PMID- 48227 TI - Leukodystrophy: diffuse cerebral sclerosis or Schilder's disease revisited. PMID- 48228 TI - [Specific desensitization of respiratory pollen allergies]. AB - Under the influences of the pollen season and of specific desensitization, the serum IgE concentrations undergo modifications. During the pollen season, the antigenic stimulation induces a rapid synthesis of IgE antibodies which manifest themselves by a post-seasonal pic. The immunotherapy causes an increase of the total and specific IgE during the first few months of treatment. Afterwards the serum levels decrease progressively and after two years of treatment are inferior to the initial values. The same evolution is found in all the subjects, but with variable intensities. Forming parallely are specific blocking antibodies belonging to the IgG class which play, without a doubt, a role in the clinical amelioration obtained during the firsttwo years of treatment. PMID- 48229 TI - [Value of calcium gluconate labelled with 99mTc in the detection of intracranial tumors]. AB - In a preliminary communication, the authors compare the success coefficients of pertechnate 99m-Tc and of a new labelled molecule: calcium gluconate 99m-Tc, in a group of 32 patients. The results obtained showed the undoubted superiority of the gluconate in comparison with the pertechnate in the detection of intracranial metestases, and in particular those of the posterior fossa. It proved equally effective as bleomycin labeled with 57-Co. Amongst the other types of tumour studies, the use of the gluconate seems to be particularly indicated for neoplasms of the posterior fossa and in those close to the base of the skull and venous sinuses, given the marked reduction in "background noise" obtained when this method is used. PMID- 48230 TI - [Letter: Monclonal gammapathy and caryorrhexis. Probable vitamin B 12 deficiency]. PMID- 48231 TI - [Letter: Tissular localization of alpha-fetoprotein from an immature dysembryoma]. PMID- 48233 TI - [Alpha fetoprotein in umbilical cord blood]. AB - Quantitative measurement of alpha-foetoprotein was made on the cord blood of 158 new-born of gestational age ranging between 15 and 43 weeks. The technique used was that of simple radial immunodiffusion of Mancini which made possible the exact measurement of A.F.P. in all the specimens apart from 3. The correlation coefficient between the A.F.P. level in cord blood and gestational age is significant (r equals 0,85 for a risk p equals 0,001). However, the degree of difference at a given point in pregnancy and the difference in levels found in certain cases of twin pregnancies, suggest that factors other than gestational age (certain complications of pregnancy, for example) may influence foetal A,F.P. PMID- 48232 TI - [Role of (serum and secretory) IgA deficiency in chronic respiratory disorders. A proposal 21 cases]. AB - The current possibility of measuring at one and the same time serum IgA and sputum SIgA, has led to precision in knowledge of IgA deficits in respiratory pathology. The authors report 21 cases detected in a group of 1000 patients (adults, adolescents and children), suffering from various chronic respiratory disorders and who had either total deficits in serum and sputum IgA (6 cases) or partial deficits (15 cases - mixed [5], serum IgA [5i1, sputum IgA [5]. In 9 cases the assoicated respiratory disorder was bronchiectasis, in 7 recurrent rhino-tracheo-bronchitis and in 5 asthma. In no cases were any extra-respiratory manifestations noted, in particular digestive disturbance or auto-immune disease. In some cases there was an associated deficit in IgE and, much less commonly, in IgG or M. Cellular immunity was not altered. The authors then discuss the place of IgA and SIgA deficitis in the pathogenesis of chronic respiratory pathology as well as their substitutive treatment using natural human immunoglobulins and the results thereof. PMID- 48234 TI - [Is the prostatic adenoma of hormonal origin]. AB - Prostatic adenoma develops at the site of the periurethral glands. The concentration of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone seems greater at the center of the adenoma than in the overlying prostate. This suggests that medical treatment of prostatic adenoma might be feasible using substances inhibiting the 5alpha reduction of testosterone. PMID- 48235 TI - [Letter: Extemporaneous biopsy and demonstration of nonspecific esterases in Hirschsprung's disease]. PMID- 48237 TI - Shoulder-hand syndrome. PMID- 48238 TI - Leuctomy for the relief of an obsessional neurosis. PMID- 48236 TI - [Hot thyroid nodule associated with thyroiditis]. PMID- 48239 TI - Methods of contraception. PMID- 48240 TI - Accidential hypothermia in the elderly. PMID- 48241 TI - The rehabilitation of a hemiplegic patient. PMID- 48242 TI - Laporoscopic sterilisation. PMID- 48243 TI - Thyroid function testing. PMID- 48244 TI - Myxedema. Recognition and treatment. PMID- 48245 TI - Congenital nongoitrous hypothyroidism. PMID- 48246 TI - [The effect of emotional stressors on thyroid gland function]. AB - Response of the normal and goiterous thyroid gland to the information on the forthcoming operation was studied in 12 patients with varicose veins of the lower limbs and in 67 patients with thyrotoxicosis; this was done by determination of protein-bound iodine (PBI). PBI proved to increase before the operation in both groups of the patients. Due to undesirable hyperfunction of the thyroid gland prior to the operation in thyrotoxicosis, the psychodepressive premedication component should be increased. PMID- 48247 TI - Immunological escape mechanism in spontaneously metastasizing mammary tumors. AB - Immunological and biochemical studies of spontaneously metastasizing and nonmetastasizing rat mammary carcinomas and their plasma membranes indicated that: (i) all spontaneously metastasizing tumors have little or no demonstrable glycocalyx, while all nonmetastasizing tumors have a thick glycocalyx; (ii) there is a direct relationship between the glycocalyx and immunogenicity, and an inverse relationship with the metastasizing capacity of tumor cells, properties which can be quantitated by levels of the plasma membrane marker enzyme 5' nucleotidase (EC3.1.3.5;5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase) activity; (iii) the absence of glycocalyx from the metastasizing tumor cell surface seems to result from its dissociation from plasma membranes, for solubilized cell surface antigen is readily found in the blood of metastasizing tumor bearing rats, while there was no detectable tumor cell surface antigen in the blood of the nonmetastasizing tumor hosts tested; (iv) both metastasizing and nonmetastasizing mammary tumors appear to have a common soluble cell surface antigen; (v) in addition to this common antigen, there is another membrane-bound antigen in the nonmetastasizing, immunogenic tumor cell surface which presumably is the tumor specific transplantation antigen; and (vi) this antigen is immunobiologically unique, but seems to be immunochemically related to the common soluble antigen. It is postulated that the lack of an immunogenic coat and/or the presence of solubilized tumor cell surface antigen in the blood may provide an immune escape mechanism for tumor cells by interfering with cell-mediated immune response of tumor hosts, leading to their dissemination. PMID- 48248 TI - Interspecies brain antigen detected by naturally occurring mouse anti-brain autoantibody. AB - Normal mouse sera contain naturally occurring antibodies that are cytotoxic in the presence of rabbit complement for NB1, a cell line derived from a neuroblastoma adrenal metastasis of a spontaneous ovarian teratoma. The anti-NB1 antibodies can be specifically removed from normal mouse sera by absorption of the sera with homogenized brain tissue of mouse, rat, guinea pig, chicken, and man and by homogenized kidney tissue of mouse and man. The antigen recognized by anti-NB1 naturally occurring autoantibodies, designated mouse brain antigen-2 (MBA-2), is not present on other normal tissues or tumor cell lines tested. MBA-2 is distinct from previously described mouse brain antigens. PMID- 48249 TI - Antibodies reactive with cell surface carbohydrates. AB - Normal and immune sera from various animal species were fractionated on columns of Sepharose covalently coupled with the glycoprotein fetuin. Elution of the material bound to fetuin yielded low but reproducible amounts of protein, ranging from 0.02 to 0.2% of the protein mass of the input sera. This material has been identified by immunoelectrophoresis in agar and by zone electrophoresis on cellulose acetate as immunoglobulin. The Ig fractions bound and agglutinated erythrocytes of various species, and also bound to cells from various mouse tissues including heart, kidney, thymus, and spleen. In all cases, the binding was inhibited by glycoproteins such as fetuin and thyroglobulin, by a glycopeptide isolated from fetuin, and by some bacterial lipopolysaccharides. When the binding of these Ig fractions to mouse splenocytes was tested in the presence of 17 saccharides, no inhibition of binding was observed except by sialic acid, D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and D-mannose, all of which showed partial inhibition. Inasmuch as these four saccharides are present on the carbohydrate moiety of fetuin, the results suggest that the isolated material is a carbohydrate-specific Ig (CS-Ig) fraction of serum capable of binding to the carbohydrate portion of cell surface receptors and glycoproteins. When bound to lymphocytes, these CS-Ig molecules induced redistribution (patching and capping) of cell surface receptors. Moreover, the CS-Ig fractions from chicken and rabbit sera were weakly mitogenic for mouse splenic lymphocytes. CS-Ig fractions are useful new reagents for studying glycoproteins and the interactions and activities of cell surface carbohydrates. PMID- 48250 TI - RNA-directed DNA polymerase from human leukemic blood cells and from primate type C virus-producing cells: high- and low-molecular-weight forms with variant biochemical and immunological properties. AB - RNA-directed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) from leukocytes of individual leukemic patients can be grouped by velocity gradient analyses into two distinct classes, a low-molecular-weight (LMW) class of approximately 70,000 and a high molecular-weight (HMW) class of 130,000 to 140,000. The reverse transcriptases from mammalian type-C viruses have with one exception (see text) been isolated as enzymes with molecular weights of 70,000. In this study, the reverse transcriptase from extracellular gibbon ape leukemia virus was also isolated only as the LMW class. However, the enzyme from gibbon virus-producing cells was isolated partially in the HMW form; this form was converted completely to the LMW form by treatment with 0.5 M KC1 and 0.5% Triton X-100 and could be re-converted to the HMW form by lowering the KC1 and Triton X-100 concentrations. A similar conversion from a HMW form to a LMW form was demonstrated with enzyme from human leukemic cells. The LMW form of the human and gibbon ape cellular enzymes utilized synthetic primer-templates in a similar fashion to viral enzyme, and this form was strongly inhibited by antisera (IgG) to reverse transcriptase from simian (woolly monkey) type-C virus. The HMW form of both enzymes utilized synthetic primer-templates less efficiently than the LMW form, and was resistant to inhibition by antipolymerase IgG of simian type-C virus. The HMW form of the cellular reverse transcriptases transcribed viral 70S RNA in the absence of synthetic primer relatively more efficiently than did the extracellular viral form. These data suggest that the HMW form is due in part to aggregation of the LMW form and in part to a cellular factor(s) which may affect both the form and function of intracellular reverse transciptase. PMID- 48251 TI - RNA-directed DNA synthesis by the DNA polymerase of Rous sarcoma virus: structural and functional identification of 4S primer RNA in uninfected cells. AB - The RNA-directed DNA polymerase of Rous sarcoma virus requires a 4S RNA molecule as primer for the initiation of DNA synthesis on the viral 70S RNA genome. We have now functionally identified primer activity in uninfected cells on the basis of the capacity of cellular 4S RNA to actively participate in the initiation of DNA synthesis by the RNA-directed DNA polymerase of Rous sarcoma virus in vitro. This was accomplished by reconstitution experiments in which 4S RNA from uninfected avian cells was tested for its ability to restore template activity to the viral RNA genome from which all primer had been removed. Similar reconstitution experiments were employed to demonstrate a primer activity in the 4S RNA population of duck, mouse, and human cells. Primer activity appears to be absent in lower eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells. Unambiguous identification of the Rous sarcoma virus primer molecule in uninfected cells was accomplished by directly purifying a 4S RNA molecule from the bulk of host cell transfer RNA and establishing structural similarities between this cellular 4S RNA species and the Rous sarcoma virus primer by two-dimensional paper electrophoresis of oligonucleotides obtained from a T1 ribonuclease digest of the RNA species. We conclude that the Rous sarcoma virus DNA polymerase can utilize a host cell molecule as primer for the initiation of RNA-directed DNA synthesis in vitro. PMID- 48252 TI - Cell-surface-associated nucleic acid in tumorigenic cells made visible with platinum-pyrimidine complexes by electron microscopy. AB - Platinum-pyrimidine complexes have been used as the sole electron-dense stains for electron microscopy on 18 types of mammalian cells. These recently discovered complexes react avidly with nucleic acids in vitro, are antitumor agents, and are highly soluble in water. In cells, they are selective for regions rich in nucleic acid and make visible the cellular chromatin, nucleolus, and ribosomes. In addition, cells that are tumorigenic exhibit electron-dense patches at the plasma membrane; normal cells do not. The results of treatment of ascites sarcoma-180 cells with concanavalin A, nucleases, glycosidases, or a protease suggest that the electron-dense patches are DNA, with neuroaminic acid involved in the surface binding. PMID- 48253 TI - Thermochemotherapy: synergism between hyperthermia (42-43 degrees) and adriamycin (of bleomycin) in mammalian cell inactivation. AB - The sensitivity of cells exposed in vitro to the antibiotics bleomycin or adriamycin is only mildly increased at 41 degrees over that seen at 37 degrees. However, at 43 degrees a marked synergism between the effects of hyperthermia and drug is observed. This synergism can also be demonstrated to occur in solid tumors in vivo. Cells after bleomycin exposure at 37 degrees repair potentially lethal damage, and 43 degrees inhibits this repair. This inhibition may in part account also for the observed sensitization of the cells to bleomycin, but not to adriamycin, since for the latter no repair can be demonstrated. However, fluorescence measurements show that at 43 degrees much more adriamycin is able to enter the cells than at 37 degrees. The possible implications of the results for cancer treatment are discussed. PMID- 48254 TI - Synthesis of DNA complementary to separated human alpha and beta globin messenger RNAs. AB - Human globulin messenger RNA, purified by oligo(dT)-cellulose column chromatography, is reproducibly separated into two bands by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 99% formamide. The more rapidly migrating (fast) band is somewhat more abundant than the slow band in normal (nonthalassemic) total reticulocyte globin messenger RNA. In alpha-thalassemic (Hb H disease) messenger RNA, the slow band is 6.5 times more abundant than the fast band, whereas in beta-thalassemic messenger RNA the fast band is three times more abundant than a second band, which has a slightly greater mobility than the slow band of normal and alpha-thalassemic RNA. The RNA bands of nonthalassemic globin messenger RNA were eluted from the gel and efficiently transcribed into DNA copies by use of the RNA-dependent DAN polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus. Hybridization of these copy DNAs to fast and slow band RANs and to nonfractionated normal, alpha-thalassemic, and geta-thalassemic messenger RNAs revealed that the eluted fast band RNA contains predominantly alpha-chain specific sequences, whereas the eluted slow band RNA contains predominantly beta chain specific sequences. Nucleotide sequence analysis of 32-P-labeled RNA transcribed from the slow band copy DNA also indicated that the slow band RNA is beta messenger RNA. PMID- 48255 TI - Evolution of biosynthetic pathways: immunological approach. AB - Through the use of specific immunoadsorbent columns, it is shown that Escherichia coli aspartokinase I-homoserine dehydrogenase I, aspartokinase II-homoserine dehydrogenase II, aspartokinase III, and homoserine kinase, enzymes involved in the same complex biosynthetic pathway, share antigenic determinants. This raises the question of a common origin for the four cibtenoirart kinases. (Aspartate kinase or ATP:L aspartate 4-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.2.4; homoserine dehydrogenase or Lhomoserine:NADP oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.3; homoserine kinase or ATP:L-homoserine O-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.39.) PMID- 48257 TI - Oncornaviral protein modulation in mouse uterine tissue by estrogen (38467). AB - Treatment of ovariectomized NIH Swiss mice with estrogens elevated the level of the murine leukemia virus group specific protein and the activity of an RNA directed DNA polymerase in the uterus. The extent that these markers were raised was dependent on the relative biological potency of the estrogen and on the time interval following treatment. Increases in the levels of both viral marker proteins were evident within 24 hr of treatment and were highest at 48 hr. Subsequently, viral protein levels declined to pretreatment levels. PMID- 48256 TI - Nature of the tumor-associated determinant(s) of carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - The carbohydrate moiety of carcinoembryonic antigen could be sequentially degraded by repeated cycles of periodate oxidation, reduction, and mild acid hydrolysis (Smith degradation). After three complete degradations, all fucose and sialic acid, 80% of the galactose, 65% of the mannose, and about 40% of the N acetylglucosamine were eliminated without impairing the ability of degraded carcinoembryonic antigen to react with specific antisera against the antigen. Inhibition studies in a carcinoembryonic antigen/rabbit anti-carcinoembryonic antigen precipitating system with oligosaccharides covering previously known internal structures of glycoproteins and presumably corresponding to the internal carbohydrate region of the antigen, demonstrated that none of the compounds tested was inhibitory. Nor could any inhibitory effect on the binding of carcinoembryonic antigen to antibody against the antigen in a radioimmunoassay system be domonstrated for the carbohydrate moiety prepared by hydrazinolysis or the glyco peptide fraction isolated after papain degradation of the antigen. However, if carcinoembryonic antigen is completely reduced and alkylated, with three intrachain disulfide bonds cleaved per 10-5 g, the immunological activity is reduced to 3-5% of untreated antigen. Furthermore, treatment of the antigen with 0.5 NaOH at 20 degrees for 2 hr completely abolished its ability to react with antiserum, whereas its ability to precipitate with a series of lectins was unchanged. No release of low-molecular-weight carbohydrate orchange in sugar composition of alkali-treated antigen was observed. Our tentative conclusion is that the carbohydrate moiety of carcinoembryonic antigen does not contain the tumor-associated determinant(s). PMID- 48258 TI - Selective immunosuppressive activity of steroids in mice inoculated with the Moloney Sarcoma virus (38503). AB - A steroid, 6-chloro-17-hydroxypregna-1,4,6-triene-3,20-doine (CHP) that exhibits selective activity in several models of cellular immunity including an apparent inhibitory action on the elicitation of delayed hypersensitivity, was examined in a new, simple experimental model for assessing aspects of host-cell-mediated immunological competence. This model is based upon the capacity of the adult mouse to prevent the progressive growth of tumors induced by the Moloney sarcoma virus. Two steroids reported to have immunosuppressive activity in other assay systems, namely, cortisol and progesterone, were also studied. Control mice and those injected with CHP maintained their capacity to reject the tumor. In contrast, significant numbers of mice receiving a single large injection of cortisol or progesterone succumbed to progressive tumor growth under the experimental conditions used. The data indicate that CHP, while influencing selected parameters of cellular immunity, e.g., the elicitation of delayed hypersensitivity, does not decrease the capacity of the host to mount a defense against the progressive growth of the Moloney virus-induced sarcoma. The results indicate that CHP may be useful in modulating specific aspects of cellular immunity without altering others. In addition, the experimental model described provides a simple method of assessing the possible immunosuppressive effects of naturally occurring and synthetic agents on viral-induced tumor growth. PMID- 48259 TI - Effect of aza-substituted nucleotides on the starve-refeed response of rats. AB - Rat liver glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and malic enzyme (ME) activities were increased by starvation-refeeding to levels above those found in rats fed ad libitum. The increases in enzyme activities above ad libitum-fed levels were prevented by 8-azaguanine and 6-azauridine, but not by 2-azauridine. Blood insulin levels were not affected at the time studied. Two aza analogs, 8 azaadenine and 5-azacytidine, proved to be too toxic in this type of studies. Since 8-azahypoxanthine, 8-azaxanthine and 5-azauracil were neither effective in preventing the enzyme overshoot, nor toxic to the animals, it was concluded that the toxiciyty to the animals of 8-azaadenine and 5-azacytidine is due to the compounds themselves rather than to the breakdown products. PMID- 48260 TI - Replication of IPN virus: a cytochemical and biochemical study in SWT cells. AB - Although IPN virus failed to multiply at 30 degrees, it replicated at 16 degrees and 22 degrees in SWT cells. At 22 degrees the viral eclipse period lasted nearly 6 hr with maximal virion titers attained by 24 hr, whereas replication at 16 degrees was much slower. The replication of the virion was inhibited by 0.05 mug/ml of AD which did not interfere with the production of reovirus. Biochemical studies revealed that cellular DNA synthesis was markedly reduced (greater than 50%) soon after infection whereas total RNA synthesis was enhanced. The period of rapid increase in RNA synthesis paralleled the exponential production of infectious virus. Viral inclusion bodies, revealed by acridine orange-staining of virus-infected cells (SWT and RGG-2) late in the infectious cycle, were found to contain single-stranded RNA on the basis of their staining characteristics and sensitivity to RNase. PMID- 48261 TI - Steric hindrance of CON A receptor sites by antigen: a possible explanation of Ir regulated responses. AB - Spleen cells from mice that respond poorly (C57BL/6) or well (CBA, C3H/HeJ AND B6D2F1) to DNP-BGG, an antigen under Ir gene regulation, were cultured with the T cell mitogen Con A and varying concentrations of DNP-BGG and DNP-KLH. It was found that DNP-BGG dpressed the responses of C57BL/6 spleen cells to Con A stimulation to a much greater degree than did DNP-KLH; the Con A stimulated responses of spleen cells from the other strains were impaired equally and less severely by both antigens. The possible implications of these findings with regard to Ir gene regulation of thymus-dependent immune responses were discussed. PMID- 48262 TI - Forssman antigen and phase specific fetal antigens: an evaluation of their role in SV40 tumor immunity. AB - Forssman heterophile antigen was detected on hamster fetal cells which had been previously shown to be capable of eliciting transplantation resistance to syngeneic hamster SV40 tumors. The expression of Forssman antigen continued throughout fetal development and could be detected postpartum in the tissues of neonate hamsters. In contrast, fetal antigen(s) evoking immunity to SV40 tumors was also present on early fetal cells but, unlike Forssman antigen, was not expressed after the tenth day of gestation. Immunization of hamsters with guinea pig kidney cells or sheep erythrocytes which carry Forssman antigen failed to demonstrate significant protection against SV40 tumor development. Again by contrast, immunization with fetal cells was effective in evoking tumor immunity. Evaluation of serological responses to the FORSSMAN A ANTIGEN IN HAMSTERS INDICATED THAT THE HEMOLYTIC REACTIVITY PRODUCED BY IMMUNIZATION WITH GUINEA PIG KIDNEY CELLS OR SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES WAS ELICITED AGAINST ISOANTIGENS AND NOT THE Forssman antigen. A response to the Forssman determinant could only be detected in the serum from animals receiving exhaustive hyperimmunization with fetal cells or SV40 tumor cells. These data would eliminate a possible role of the Forssman heterophile antigen in the tumor protection evoked by immunization with fetal cells bearing embryonic antigens. PMID- 48263 TI - Effect of butyldiiodohydroxybenzoate on pituitary-thyroid interplay. AB - The effect of BHDB, an analogue of thyroxine, on the pituitary-thyroid system was studied in the rat. BHDB produced low plasma T4 and T3 concentrations similar to those produced by methimazole, but failed to elevate plasma TSH and to produce goiter because of displacement of T4 from the binding protein. Low plasma thyroid hormone concentrations were due to an increase of fecal loss of thyroid hormones. By releasing excess iodide, BHDB blocked the development of goiter produced by methimazole. PMID- 48264 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: cross reactivity between myelin basic protein and mycobacteria antigens. AB - Guinea pigs injected with Freund's incomplete adjuvant emulsified with guinea pig spinal cord, purified guinea pig myelin basic protein, or human myelin basic protein showed dermal reactivity to both of the basic proteins as well as to mycobacteria antigens. Animals receiving only mycobacteria antigens expressed dermal reactivity to the sensitizing antigen in addition to basic protein. This cross reactivity may help explain the role of mycobacteria in inducing and protecting against EAE, and may have important implications concerning human demyelinating diseases. PMID- 48265 TI - Correlation of the critical micelle concentrations of surfactants with their effects on a bacterial demethylase. AB - The activity of a sarcosine dehydrogenase isolated from a strain of Pseudomonas is enhanced by the addition of Triton X-100, Brij 35, and Tween 80, and is inhibited by deoxycholate and Sarkosyl NL-97. 2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol, which is used as the oxidant in the dehydrogenase assay, has also been employed as an indicator in the spectrophotometric determination of the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of both the nonionic and anionic detergents under conditions optimal for the enzyme analyses. A correlation between the activation or inhibitory activities of the surfactants and their CMC values has been established. PMID- 48266 TI - [Arterial diseases of the lower extremity]. PMID- 48267 TI - A comparison of three educational techniques used in a venereal disease clinic. AB - The communications methods that could be used in educational programs for venereal disease patients were examined as to their relative effectiveness: a programed learning guide, an audiovisual (cinematographic) technique, and an interview method. An experimental design was used to study three groups of patients at a venereal disease clinic; (a) persons who were pretested, exposed to an educational method, and tested again, (b) a control group whose members were pretested and post-tested but not exposed to an educational method, and (c) another control group whose members were exposed to an educational method and then took a post-test. Each of those groups exposed to the educational techniques was further subdivided according to the technique applied. Analysis of the data collected from 443 subjects led to the following tentative conclusions: 1. Representation in the nine groups was demographically uniform as measured by age, sex, marital status, and ethnic origin. 2. All three educational techniques significantly raised the subjects' level of knowledge about venereal disease, as measured by their test scores. 3. All three techniques were favorably received by the subjects. The majority reported that the techniques were the right length (10 to 15 minutes), interesting, informative, useful, and anxiety-reducing. The three techniques apparently accounted for an increase of more than 20 percent in subjects' scores on tests about venereal disease, and the subjects perceived all three techniques as interesting and beneficial. The interview method proved significantly more effective than the other two techniques in raising the knowledge level. It was also the technique most favorably received by the subjects. As expected, those persons who entered the clinic with a low level of knowledge learned much more when exposed to an educational techniques than persons entering the clinic with a high level of knowledge. Reaction to the three methods did not differ significantly by the subjects' age or sex. PMID- 48268 TI - Surgical procedures for congenital dislocation of the hip. PMID- 48269 TI - [Biology of mouse RNA tumor viruses]. PMID- 48270 TI - The ammonical silver reaction for basic nuclear proteins in the spermatids of the mouse. PMID- 48271 TI - Turkey syndrome 65, oedema syndrome and Mycoplasma meleagridis. AB - Comparisons of liver histology and serum protein characteristics from cases of oedema syndrome and from poults with Mycoplasma meleagridis induced ascites revealed that the two conditions, though presenting grossly similar post mortem appearances, are different entities. Serum albumin concentrations, but not total serum protein levels, were markedly reduced in poults with M meleagridis induced ascites and in those with turkey syndrome 65. Poults which were infected with M meleagridis but which failed to develop either of these conditions had more normal serum protein characteristics. It is argued that M meleagridis induced ascites may be an acute manifestation of a pathological process of which TS65 is the chronic form. It is also suggested that low serum albumin concentrations may play a primary role in the pathogenesis of TS65. PMID- 48272 TI - Consequences of lead in the ambient environment: an analysis. PMID- 48273 TI - Outpatient surgery: R.N. role grows with the field. PMID- 48274 TI - [Physiopathology of meningitis and its biological aspects]. PMID- 48275 TI - Electrophoretic separation, detection, and variation of amylase isoenzymes. AB - An electrophoretic technique for demonstrating amylase isoenzymes is described. After separation in an agarose gel containing a linear polyacrylamide polymer to reduce electroendosmotic flow, the amylase fractions are visualized by incubation with a commercially available dye-starch polymer (Phadebas Amylase Test). The technique detects amylase fractions with activities below 10 U/l. Some characteristic changes in such diseases as acute and chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, macroamylasemia and inherited variants as well as after maxillofacial surgery are mentioned. PMID- 48276 TI - Thyroid function during erythrosine ingestion in doses encountered in therapy with conventional antibiotics. AB - Six euthyroid patients without clinical or biochemical evidence of any renal or thyroid disorder received a diet of fixed composition. They were given no drugs. Urine was collected quantitatively throughout the whole investigation for determination of iodine and creatinine. After 5 days on diet they received 1.91 mumol of erythrosine, corresponding to approximately 7.88 mumol of iodine daily for 10 days. Thyroidal radioiodine studies were performed, levels of plasma inorganic iodine were calculated, and thyroxine, protein-bound iodine, and total iodine in serum were determined before and during erythrosine ingestion. A statistically significant increase in plasma inorganic iodine or in urinary iodine excretion was not found. The other test results of thyroid function remained virtually unchanged. Based on clinical aspects of thyroidal iodine metabolism we conclude that at most 7.8 per cent of the iodine content of the ingested erythrosine could have supplemented the iodine space. PMID- 48277 TI - The ultrastructure of the platelets in refractory anemia ("preleukemia") and myelomonocytic leukemia. AB - We have conducted extensive morphologic studies of the platelets in 16 patients with preleukemia or myelomonocytic leukemia. Although the degree and frequency of the changes varied in the different cases, it was evident that the platelets in these two pathologic states often were structurally abnormal. The abnormalities include changes in size (mainly giant forms), shape (frequent presence of round cells), and quantitative (particularly decreases) as well as qualitative changes in the platelet granules. Quite remarkable has been the finding of giant granules of irregular contour and heterogeneous composition, perhaps the result of fusion of several single granules. Other changes have included overabundance of the membranous systems of the platelet. PMID- 48278 TI - Heterogeneity of megakaryocytes and platelets. PMID- 48279 TI - Development of two distinct membrane systems associated in giant complexes in pathological megakaryocytes. PMID- 48280 TI - The evaluation of fetal lung maturity by amniotic fluid analysis. AB - The frequent necessity for termination of pregnancy before the spontaneous onset of labor requires that we be able to accurately predict fetal lung maturity. We have used amniotic fluid studies for evaluation of fetal lung maturity and have found that (1) a "fat" cell concentration of 30% or more, or (2) a creatinine concentration of 2.0 mg/100 ml or more, or (3) a lecithin:spingomyelin (L:S) ratio of 2.0 or greater all correlated well with fetal maturity. Since each of these studies is open to a variety of possible errors, the use of several different ones adds reliability to the estimation of fetal lung maturity. PMID- 48281 TI - RNA-polymerase activity in isolated nuclei of developing silkworm embryos. AB - Nuclei isolated from developing embryos of the silkworm (Bombyx mori) are capable of RNA synthesis in vitro. The incorporation of C-14-uridine triphosphate (C-14 UTP) into the acid-insoluble fraction requires the presence of the other three ribonucleoside triphosphates; it is inhibited by actinomycin, olivomycin, and ethidium bromide, and is stimulated by ammonium sulfate. In a medium of moderate ionic strength C-14-UTP incorporation is slightly inhibited by alpha-amanitine (4 mug/ml), whereas in the presence of 0.2 M ammonium sulfate the same alpha amanitine concentration reduces the incorporation by 90%. These data indicate that silkworm embryo nuclei, like nuclei from several other sources, contain two different RNA-polymerase fractions. PMID- 48282 TI - The functional state of the thyroid gland of the mother and fetus in the prenatal development of rabbits. AB - The functional state of the thyroid gland of the mother and fetus was studied in different periods of intrauterine development of rabbits, as well as in newborn rabbits according to the level of protein-bound iodine (PBI) in the blood plasma and thyroid gland tissue. Similar studies were conducted after a thyroidectomy of females on the 10th-12th day of pregnancy in order to demonstrate the possibility of mutual compensation of the hormonal function under pathological conditions. The level of PBI in the blood plasma of the mother clearly increases in the second half of pregnancy and decreases sharply after birth. The content of PBI in the fetal blood plasma increases continuously beginning with the 22nd day of intrauterine development. The level of PBI in the thyroid gland tissue both of the mother and the fetus increases sharply at the end of pregnancy. In fetuses of thyroidectomized females the amount of PBI in the blood plasma and thyroid gland tissue on the 22nd day of pregnancy considerably exceeded that in normal fetuses. PMID- 48283 TI - [Rheumatoid factor--rheumatoid factor as an antibody and its relationship to the disease process]. PMID- 48284 TI - Pancreatic cancer. PMID- 48285 TI - Glomerular antigen complexes associated with transitional cell carcinoma. AB - An immunofluorescent pattern consistent with glomerular complexes of tumor antigen bound to IgM antibody has been observed in a patient without clinical or pathologic evidence of renal disease. The findings support the thesis that tumors may shed antigen capable of eliciting an immune response which may or may not be associated with clinically evident glomerulopathy. PMID- 48286 TI - The effect of estrogen on the vascular endothelium and its possible relation to thrombosis. AB - The effect of estrogen on the permeability of the endothelium of the aorta has been studied in the rat. The endothelium was subjected to different forms of chemical injury, and its permeability to silver ions was estimated in rats in a control group and in rats after estrogen treatment. In rats subjected to estrogen treatment, the degree of silver penetration through the endothelium was significantly higher than in untreated rats. This was interpreted as an increased vulnerability of the endothelium after estrogen treatment. Thrombosis in females using oral contraceptives often has an aberrant localization. These findings lead to a theory that an endothelial factor may be involved in the pathogenesis of this form of thrombosis. PMID- 48287 TI - [The morphogenesis of chronic synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - The synovial sheath obtained in synovectomy in 35 patients with rheumatic- and rheumatic-visceral forms of rheumatoid arthritis was studied histochemically and immunomorphologically. At early stages of exacerbation of the pathological process in the synovial tissue there were revealed predominantly catabolic processes: an increased permeability of vessels; mucoid oedema; fibrinoid changes in the subintimal layer. Further development of the disease was characterized by predominance of anabolic processes with proliferation of synoviocytes, subintimal histiocytes, productive vasculites, massive lymphoid-plasmocytic infiltration, diffuse, or in the form of lymphoid follicles. Using the immunofluorescent technique the authors revealed luminescence of the rheumatoid factor and gamma=globulin in plasmatic cells, extracellularly, and more rarely in macrophages. Pronounced immunological changes in the synovial sheath in the active course of rheumatoid arthritis were accompanied by a high level of metabolic processes and an intensive phagocytic reaction in synoviocytes and subintimal histiocytes. In observations with a low activity of rheumatoid arthritis the synovial tissue was characterized by low levels of enzymes of oxidative metabolism and hydrolysis, emptying of the capillary bed, processes of sclerosis, hyalinosis, amyloidosis. PMID- 48288 TI - [An immunomorphologic study of the lungs in chronic non-specific diseases]. PMID- 48289 TI - [Extrauterine pregnancy during the use of mini-pills]. PMID- 48290 TI - Antigenic determinants of the W28 molecule different from but spatially close to W28 determinant. AB - The existence of two allelic determinants, subtypic to W28 (named TO54 and TO55), and of an antibody cross-reacting W28 times HL-A10, is demonstrated. These new determinants have been studied by means of population and family studies and with the following serological techniques: absorption, elution, lysostrip and blocking by F(ab)-2 fragment. The results suggest that determinants TO54 and TO55 are very similar each other and are spatially close to the supertypic factor. PMID- 48291 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis and the major histocompatibility system. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to see whether or not the hypothetical disease susceptibility locus to ankylosing spondylitis is linked to the MLC determinant 27a. Firstly, we discovered a strong MLC determinant which we called 27a because of its association with the second series specificity W27. Later, we found that this determinant was the same as that which Jorgensen et al. (1973) found to be associated with the second series specificity W5. These MLC determinants may, therefore, be in linkage disequilibrium with more than one HL-A specificity (in this case, of the second series) as previously described by Dupont et al. (1973). However, we found no association between 27a and ankylosing spondylitis. On the other hand, we confirmed the association of ankylosing spondylitis with W27 and also found an increase of HL-A2 of the first series which, however, was not statistically significant. In view of the high incidence of HL-A2 in the general population, more information is required to definitely establish such an association. We found no special association with specificities AJ and Hu (Sa 532), third series antigens, but confirmed their linkage disequilibrium with W27. Disease predisposition loci seem, therefore, to be associated with either type of MHS marker, multiple sclerosis and MLC determinant 7a, or ankylosing spondylitis and the second series antigen W27. It will be interesting to discover whether there is any special significance of the association of one marker rather than another. PMID- 48292 TI - The serological recognition of the human MLC determinants using a modified cytotoxicity technique. AB - A new approach which presumably recognizes MLC determinants (or at least structures closely linked to MLC and different from the FOUR, AJ and LA series determinants) by serology is described. As the test can be performed within 10 h it could be used to match cadaveric kidney donors for these MLC determinants. Perhaps even more important is the fact that the antibodies detected by this technique could be used to study the immunochemistry of a class of determinants differing from the well known SD determinants. PMID- 48293 TI - Comparison of two methods for determining the cytogenetic effects induced by triethylenemelamine. PMID- 48294 TI - A contribution to the question of the possible hepatocarcinogenic effects of lindane. AB - The possible hepatocarcinogenic effect of lindane was studied in an 80-week study using 500 NMRI mice (strain Chbi : NMRI (SPF)). After giving doses of 12.5, 25 and 50 ppm in the food no compound-induced liver tumours were observed. Neither the occurrence of lymphatic leukemia, malignant haemangioendotheliomas, reticulum cell neoplasms nor liver cell adenomas could be related to the administration of the compound. In view of the actual residue level of lindane the probability of carcinogenic risk to man would appear remote. PMID- 48295 TI - [Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of purulent inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region]. PMID- 48296 TI - Evaluation of platelet cryopreservation techniques by isolated kidney perfusion. AB - The isolated perfused rabbit kidney, a model system used previously to assess platelet function, was adapted for evaluation of human platelet cryopreservation techniques. A new, simple, efficient device for controlling cooling rates before, during, and after freezing was used. Platelet concentrates frozen with 5 per cent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) under different conditions were the most effective of those tried in maintaining the hemostatic function and vascular integrity of perfused kidneys. Our studies indicate that the isolated, perfused rabbit kidney can be used to evaluate platelet cryopreservation techniques and is potentially adaptable for studies of organ cryopreservation. PMID- 48297 TI - Structure of HL-A histocompatibility antigens. The structural components of papain-solubilized HL-A antigen molecules. PMID- 48298 TI - Heterophile antigens and antibodies in transplantation and tumors. PMID- 48299 TI - Myeloma proteins as tumor-specific antigens. PMID- 48300 TI - Structure of a phosphorycholine-binding mouse myeloma Fab. PMID- 48301 TI - An active suppressor mechanism preventing skin allograft rejection in mice. PMID- 48302 TI - Biologic effects of solubilized H-2 and tumor-specific antigens. PMID- 48303 TI - Management of adenocarcinoma of prostate with diethylstilbestrol diphosphate and cyclophosphamide. AB - Eleven patients with terminal metastatic prostatic carcinoma were selected for a pilot study to evaluate how effective diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (Stilphostrol) and cylcophosphamide (Cytoxan) are in this disease. Six of 7 patients had a good response when treated with diethylstilbestrol diphosphate. The mean duration of response was 6.4 months. All 6 patients given cyclophosphamide had marked relief of pain and increased mobility. Of these, 3 died twelve, sixteen, and nineteen weeks, respectively, following initiation of therapy while still benefiting from pain relief. The mean duration of response was 14.8 weeks. PMID- 48304 TI - [Synchronization of estrus in heifers by means of gestagenic preparations]. AB - Studied were the synchronizing effect, the course of treatment, the combination of the gestagens CAP and MGA with PMS as well as their effect on the conception rate in heifers. A total of 143 heifers of the Bulgarian Brown breed (89 test and 59 control), aged 17--18 months, weighing 350--360 kg on an average, were used in the experiment, divided into three test and three control groups. I test group. Twenty-five animals were given daily one tablet of Synchrorosyn-Peach, the tablet containing 10 mg active chloromadinoacetate. The course of treatment lasted 15 days. II test group. Thirty-six animals were treated daily with 5 g of the premix preparation MGA-100 in the course of 20 days, the heifers being divided into two subgroups of 18 animals each. Each heifer of the first subgroup was injected with 2500 IU PMS. III test group. Twenty-eight animals were given MGA-100 at the same rate as in the II test group, but in the course of 14 days. Half of the test heifers were injected with 2500 IU PMS each on the day when the treatment with MGA-100 was discontinued. It was found that the oral administration of Synchrosyn P for fifteen days and MGA-100 for 20 days results in a synchronized estrus in 84, resp. 44 per cent of the heifers, with a total conception rate of 76 and 94 per cent, respectively. The combined use of MGA-100 and PMS (2500 IU) enhanced the synchronizing effect. The shorter period of feeding with MGA-100 (14) days lowered both the synchronizing effect and the total conception rate, regardless of its combining with 2500 IU of PMS. PMID- 48305 TI - [An immunologic study of hyaluronidase of different animal origin]. AB - Studied was the antigenic relatedness of hyaluronidase contained in the semen of breeder animals of homologic and heterologic species. The experiments were carried out by means of the immunodiffusion and the immunoelectrophoretic methods. The results obtained showed that the seminal hyaluronidase of bulls, rams and bucks is antigenically related, and that of stallions, boars and rabbits does not exhibit antigenic relatedness. Stallion semen is closely related antigenically with the above-mentioned three animal species' semen as manifested by two precipitation bands, but these are not identical with the hyaluronidase precipitation arc. The antigenic relatedness of seminal hyaluronidase is demonstrated by one precipitation line. This fact makes it reasonable to believe that the enzyme activity of hyaluronidase is to be manifested in one protein fraction only, and not in a protein complex. However, further investigations are needed on the biologic activity and the immunologic specificity of hyaluronidase. PMID- 48306 TI - Pituitary chromophobe adenomas consisting of prolactin cells: a histologic, immunocytological and electron microscopic study. AB - Morphologic studies of pituitary neoplasms removed by srugery from 36 human patients revealed 8 chromophobe adenomas which differed clearly from the remaining tumors. The cytoplasm of the adenoma cells failed to stain with PAS, aniline blue, adehyde fuchsin, aldehyde thionin, orange G or light green, but positively stained granules were found by using erythrosine or carmosine. Immunoperoxidase technique disclosed the presence of prolactin in the cytoplasm of some adenoma cells. The adenoma cells exhibited distinct ultrastructural features such as well developed rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum with Nebenkern formation, prominence of Golgi apparatus, presence of misplaced exocytosis as well as pleomorphism of secretory granules with a considerable variation of size ranging from 130 to 500 nm in diameter. Thus, by electron nicroscopy the adenoma cells showed a close resemblance to prolactin cells of the non-tumouous pituitary glands except for the reduced size and number of secretory granules. Thes chromophobe adenomas are regarded as representing a distinct pathological entity clearly distinguishable from other forms of pituitary neoplasms. In view of the morphologic findings and the elevation of blood prolactin level (measured in 3 patients) the term, "sparsely granulated prolactin producing pituitary adenoma", appears to be the most appropriate one to designate these tumors. PMID- 48307 TI - Fine structure of adenovirus type 5. I. Virus capsid. PMID- 48308 TI - DNA polymerase of reticuloendotheliosis virus: inability to detect endogenous RNA directed DNA synthesis. PMID- 48309 TI - A comparative study of the avian reticuloendotheliosis virus: relationship to murine leukemia virus and viruses of the avian sarcoma-leukosis complex. PMID- 48310 TI - Nutritionists and dietitians in the seventies; trends in education. PMID- 48311 TI - [Perhexilinemaleate--a new monodrug in the field of coronary therapeutic agents]. PMID- 48312 TI - Deposits of immunoglobulins and complement C3 in clinically normal skin of patients with lupus erythematosus. AB - Deposits of immunoglobulins and/or complement C3 were found in two-thirds of biopsies from clinically normal skin of 64 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, as judged by well defined criteria. The incidence of deposits in clinically normal skin was identical in patients with and without clinical skin lesions. IgM was found more frequently in the deposits (88%) than was IgG (36%) but equally frequently in involved and uninvolved skin, whereas C3 was found more often in patients with skin lesions (59% in involved skin, 36% in uninvolved skin) than in patients without skin lesions (14%). The occurrence of IgG and IgA was less frequent than that of C3 but the distribution was similar to that of C3. In normal skin of 20 patients with chronic discoid LE, deposits were found in one. Deposits were found in the skin of one-third of patients with nuclear antibodies in their sera and symptoms compatible with SLE but with a score of symptoms too low to meet the criteria. PMID- 48313 TI - Leaching of nickel from stainless steel consumer commodities. AB - Sweat and household detergents were shown to have the capacity to release nickel from stainless steel. This finding substantiates the thesis that the American style stainless steel kitchen and other stainless steel commodities can be sources of skin contact allergy with nickel. Furthermore, a negative spot test (DMG) does not reflect the "safety" of a nickel alloy. PMID- 48314 TI - Immunofluorescent follow-up studies in patients with bullous dermatoses. AB - Basement zone antibody titres were studied in two patients with bullous pemphigoid over a period of 1-1/2 and 3-1/2 years. Titres remained almost constantly even after a complete healing of all lesions, without any treatment. Direct immunofluorescence revealed basement zone antibodies in one of these two patients when examined after healing had occurred. Three patients with bullous dermatoses showed pemphigus antibodies at the inception of the disease. Basement zone antibodies were present simultaneously in one patient. In the subsequent course of observation in the two other patients, pemphigus antibodies were replaced by basement zone antibodies and in one case by nuclear antibodies too. These findings make the pathogenetic import of these "auto-antibodies" difficult to understand. PMID- 48315 TI - Enzyme activation and inhibition induced by cold provocation in a patient with cold urticaria. AB - A 33-year-old female patient with acquired cold urticaria, together with her 8 year-old healthy daughter, was subjected to a brief period of cold exposure. The effect of this treatment upon a number of key factors of the plasma coagulation, kallikrein and complement systems was investigated. Cold air provocation caused increased fibrinolysis, together with a measurable consumption of the protease inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1AT), alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) and C1Inactivator (C1INA). Kaolin activation of the patient's plasma elaborated exceptionally high levels of esterolytic activity, both before and after cold exposure, indicating pre-enzyme lability. Both subjects had abnormally high serum ratios alpha2M/alpha AT. Impressive leucocytosis was observed in the symptomless child. PMID- 48316 TI - HL-A27 and W10 in Reiter's syndrome and nonspecific urethritis. AB - By means of a standard lymphocyte microcytoxic technique, the tissue types were fully determined in 41 patients with non-gonococcal urethritis and 25 patients with Reiter's syndrome. The antigen HL-A27 was identified in 14 of the patients with Reiter's syndrome and occurred in 3 of the patients with non-gonococcal urethritis. An excess of the genotype HL-A27/W10 was found in patients with Reiter's syndrome. There was no correlation between the duration or the severity of the clinical manifestations of the syndrome and the presence of the antigens. The possibility that the syndrome might result from various pathogenic mechanisms is discussed. PMID- 48317 TI - Examination of HL-A antigens and lymphocytotoxic antibodies in discoid lupus erythematosus. AB - The distribution of HL-A antigens and lymphocytotoxic antibodies has been studied in the sera of patients suffering from discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). A significant deviation in HL-A5 antigen has been found in the 33 cases investigated, while the lymphocytotoxic antibodies were present in only 8 sera. The possible cause of these findings are discussed. PMID- 48318 TI - Lipo-atrophy of the ankles and its relation to other lipo-atrophies. AB - Two typical cases of lipo-atrophy of the ankles are described, one case of atrophy of the ankles with associated atrophy of the whole extremity, and one case of localized atrophy of the knee. For comparison, we present one case of atrophy in a diabetic patient due to insulin injections but developing at distant sites, and in one case, a child in whom atrophy followed antibiotic injections. Primary inflammatory vascular changes in the subcutaneous tissue were demonstrated in atrophy of the ankles, as in the early period of insulin-induced lipo-atrophy. Attention is called to the possible relation of the described lipo atrophies. PMID- 48319 TI - A case of pigmentary hair naevus (Becker). AB - A healthy 14-year-old Norwegian male developed a typical Becker's naevus on the left shoulder and upper scapular region, about six months after an intracutaneous BCG-vaccination in the homolateral junction of the shoulder and upper arm. The evolution of the lesion had been modified by exposure to sunlight during the following six years, with partial fading of the hyperpigmentation. Biopsies taken from the centre and from the edge of the lesion at the age of 19 years showed the usual histological picture seen in cases of Becker's naevus, but focal areas within the periphery showed a chronic granulomatous infiltrate of lupoid pattern in the dermis, mainly follicular and perifollicular in distribution. Acid-fast bacilli were not demonstrable in the sections, and in culture no tubercle bacilli were isolated from a central and histologically non-specific site. The implications of the histological findings are discussed, stressing the possibility that Becker's naevus may be a form of cutaneous tuberculosis caused by BCG or other mycobacteria of low virulence, precipitated by ultraviolet light and possibly modified by immunological factors. PMID- 48320 TI - Diffuse hair loss and psychiatric disturbance. AB - 32 women complaining of diffuse alopecia were assessed by a psychiatrist, and daily hair loss and root counts were measured and compared with control women. Seven of the 32 women had severe marital difficulties, and 2 of these were overtly depressed. In these 7 women, daily hair loss and telogen counts did not differ significantly from the values for control women, whereas the remaining 25 women had a significant increase in hair loss and telogen counts. It is suggested that those women whose complaint of hair loss seems disproportionate to the objective degree of alopecia should be questioned as to symptoms of depression and marital difficulties. PMID- 48321 TI - Clofazimine-enhanced phagocytosis in pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. AB - The phagocytic ability of neutrophil leucocytes was found to be impaired in patients suffering from pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (PPP). This ability was studied with the aid of the yeast particle method. In 78% of 27 patients whose PPP was in a static phase, the phagocytic function was enhanced, while the PPP abated concomitantly and the pustules disappeared. Impaired phagocytosis and the beneficial effect of clofazimine signify the pathogenic importance of defective neutrophils in PPP. PMID- 48322 TI - Keratinosomes in psoriatic skin. AB - Keratinosomes in psoriatic skin can be slightly larger than those in normal skin. Some seem to develop an unusual internal morphology, and some reach their full development while they are still within the immediate Golgi area. Observational evidence indicates that there may be more kerantinosomes in psoriatic skin than are generally found in normal skin. Keratinosomes appear extracellularly from the spinous layer through the horny layer. Some keratinosomes do not move to the outside of the cell and can be seen within cells of the horny layer. There appears to be an increased number of keratinosomes in and between the outer cells of sweat ducts. Keratinosomes are also present within the dark cells of the duct and the extracellular space between the dark cells contains material from keratinosomes. PMID- 48323 TI - A case of halo nevus with effete melanocytes. AB - Epidermal melanocytes in the depigmenting lesion were examined in one typical case of halo nevus. Vacuolated melanocytes found in the upper layers of epidermis were not, as observed in serial sections, connected to the basal lamina. These melanocytes contained individual as well as aggregated melanosomes in what appeared to be autophagosomes. Part of the cytoplasm of these melanocytes appeared condensed and segregated and their nuclei were often pyknotic. These melanocytes were considered to be degenerated cells which had been detached from the basal layer and were being shed from the skin. Although epidermal keratinocytes, particularly basal cells, were also vacolated. Langerhans cells and non-specific dendritic cells were more or less intact. The total number of these dendritic cells seemed to be increased. PMID- 48324 TI - An approach to experimental scleroderma, using urinary glycosaminoglycans from patients with systemic scleroderma. AB - As a result of intraperitoneal injections in mice of crude glycosaminoglycans obtained from the urine of patients with systemic scleroderma, a fibrotic process similar to the intial changes of human scleroderma was frequently observed, especially in the skin and esophagus when the glycosaminoglycans contained a probable variant of heparan sulfate. Furthermore, the scleroderma-like change was also observed, to some extent, in the ultrastructure of collagen fibers and glycosaminoglycans of the skin. PMID- 48325 TI - Alpha-1-fetoprotein and the heat stable alkaline phosphatase in some liver diseases. AB - The presence of alpha-1-fetoprotein, the heat stable alkaline phosphatase and Australia antigen was examined in 103 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda, 300 patients with cirrhosis and 18 patients with primary liver carcinoma. The heat stable alkaline phosphatase was determined in 46 percent of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda and in 61 percent of patients with primary liver carcinoma. Alpha-1-fetoprotein was detected in 61 percent of patients with primary liver carcinoma and in 2 patients with porphyria cutanea tarda in whom primary liver carcinoma was proved later. The simultaneous occurrence of alpha-1 fetoprotein and the heat stable alkaline phosphatase was found in 50 percent of cases with primary liver carcinoma. Neither the patients with porphyria cutanea tarda nor the patients with cirrhosis were Australia-antigen positive. Australia antigen could be detected only in one patient with alpha-1-fetoprotein positive carcinoma of the liver. PMID- 48326 TI - Quantitative studies of direct and indirect immunofluorescent staining of salmonella bacteria. AB - Salmonella bacteria were stained with serial dilutions of anti-Salmonella conjugates of different F/P ratios and the staining intensity was measured quantitatively in an ultramicrofluorometer. In any given dilution of the conjugates, a stronger fluorescence was obtained with the more highly labelled conjugates. The dependence of fluorescence intensity of F/P ratio varied with the dilution of the conjugate. Similar results were obtained by the indirect immunofluorescence method. In four bacterial systems the direct and indirect immunofluorescent staining methods were compared quantitatively. The indirect method was 5 to 30 times more sensitive than the direct comparing the last dilutions giving a positive reaction by visual observations. The standard deviation of the intensity values of the stained bacterial cells was between 10 and 40 per cent of the mean. Different sources of variation in the quantitative measurement technique are discussed. PMID- 48327 TI - New techniques in the study of human chromosomes: methods and applications. PMID- 48328 TI - The thalassemias: model for analysis of quantitative gene control. PMID- 48329 TI - Complications of acute frontal sinusitis. AB - The bone separating the frontal sinus from the anterior cranial fossa and the orbit is often quite thin. This, plus the interrelated venous drainage system of these areas, forms the anatomic basis for serious orbital and intracranial complications that must be recognized early. These include orbital cellulitis and abscess, cavernous sinus thrombosis, subdural and brain abscess and meningitis. Early hospitalization for intravenous antibiotic therapy and, occasionally, emergency surgical drainage are required. PMID- 48330 TI - Effects of lidocaine on impulse formation and conduction defects in man. AB - The acute electrophysiologic effects of a bolus injection of 100 mg. of lidocaine were investigated in 39 patients with impulse formation and conduction defects by means of His-bundle recording and were correlated with plasma lidocaine levels. The effects of therapeutic plasma levels on conduction intervals and refractory periods were subsequently studied during sinus rhythm and atrial pacing. The sinus-node function was studied by measurement of the sino-atrial recovery time. Seventeen patients had conduction defects in or distal to the His bundle, six exclusively proximal to the His bundle, and nine at both levels. Nine patients had pre-existent sinus-node malfunction. Ten out of 39 patients suffered from acute myocardial infarction. Two patients were studied twice because of changed A V conduction. Intravenous injection of 100 mg. of lidocaine within 20 seconds produced peak arterial plasma levels (mean 26.6 mug per milliliter) 60 seconds after the beginning of the injection. Seven out of 26 patients showed transient progression of their pre-existent infra-His conduction impairment, coincident with peak plasma levels, apparently due to drug toxicity. Even at therapeutic plasma levels, five out of 26 patients showed decremental intraventricular conduction during atrial pacing when compared to control tracings. His-Purkinje refractoriness was not shortened in these patients and increased in two. Lidocaine had no effect on ventricular automaticity in three patients with complete heart block. Lidocaine had no consistent effects on sinus rate, SART, atrial refractoriness, or A-V nodal conduction as measured by pooled AH intervals and the Wenckebach point, and on A-V nodal refractoriness. It is concluded that lidocaine is safe in patients with high degrees of A-V nodal block and in patients with impulse formation disturbances. However, patients with intraventricular conduction defects are prone to deterioration of their conduction disturbance due to drug toxicity. The drug should be given to such patients preferably if monitoring and pacemaker facilities are available and by the intramuscular route to avoid peak plasma levels. PMID- 48331 TI - Vagally mediated suppression of premature ventricular contractions in man. AB - Twelve patients with PVC's were studied to assess the possible role of the vagus nerves in suppressing PVC's. All were without significant heart disease and under forty years of age. A series of five autonomically active drugs, including vagotonic and vagolytic agents, was administered intravenously, each drug being given after the effects of the previous one had abated. Two of the patients did not have PVC's at the time of study. Of the remaining ten patients, five showed vagally mediated suppression of PVC's. Phenylephrine (40 to 60 mug per minute) reduced HR, from an average of 63.2 bpm to 48.5 bpm by a vagally mediated reflex, and decreased PVC incidence in all five patients. The per cent of ventricular heart beats which were PVC's (per cent PVC) decreased from an average of 18.2 per cent to 3.2 per cent in these patients (p smaller than 0.005 in each case). Edrophonium (10 mg.) produced less bradycardia and less reliable PVC suppression. In two of these five patients, atropine (1.5 mg.) increased PVC incidence markedly, although the per cent PVC did not change significantly because of the concomitant tachycardia. These data suggest that strongly increased vagal tone can suppress PVC's in a significant percentage of such patients. This finding in man extends previous animal work which has shown a protective role of the vagus against ventricular arrhythmias under certain conditions. PMID- 48332 TI - Histamine induction and release following proteolytic enzyme exposure. AB - The mechanism of biologic response from exposure to a 12% subtilisin Carlsberg preparation is shown to be one of histamine release in the guinea pig. Three groups of guinea pigs were pretreated by intradermal injections withsaline solution of (1) the commercial proteolytic enzyme preparation containing 12% subtilisin Carlsberg, (2) an alkaline protease preparation obtain from Aspergillus oryzae that was isolated from cotton dust, or (3) a nonproteolytic mixture of proteins and lipases obtained from cotton seeds. The histamine content of the ling, liver, and ear tissues of guinea pigs that were pretreated with any one of the three preparations showed an in untreated animals. Following challenge by intratracheal injection of a saline solution containing the subtilisin preparation, the guinea pigs pretreated with the same preparation showed a markedly reduced liver histamine level. Challenge by inhalation exposure to the subtilisin preparation of guinea pigs that were pretreated with any one of the above preparations resulted in a lower histamine concentration in the lungs and livers. PMID- 48333 TI - Seasonal exposure to dust in flax processing in Egypt. AB - Previous evidence suggested that interruption of worker's exposure to flax dust may lead to severe symptoms of byssinosis on their return to work. In the present study, the prevalence and severity of byssinosis was studied in a sample of flax workers (n=577) who had been exposed to dust for six months each year. Byssinosis prevailed in 36.9% of them, and 32.3% of them had their FEV 1.0 sec reduced 10% at the end of the first morning work period (4 to 6 hours) of the week. Both syndromes were higher among seasonal workers than what would be predicted if they were pemanently exposed to flax dust. A hypothesis has been presented to interpret this finding. PMID- 48334 TI - Diagnosis and quantification of arrhythmias in ambulatory patients using an improved R-R interval plotting system. AB - An improved technique for identification, diagnosis and quantification of arrhythmias during rest or ambulatory electrocardiographic recording is described. With simultaneous plotting of the R-R interval and the QRS duration and QRS vector measurement of each beat versus time, all periods of arrhythmias or abnormal complexes can be identified and characterized. Analog electrocardiographic samplings are used to confirm the diagnosis of the arrhythmia and to exclude artifact. The availability of a permanent record for the characterization of each QRS complex enables the physician to check the technician's analysis of the recording and to relate all events to the patient's heart rate and clinical symptoms. This technique also provides data for quantification of ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 48335 TI - Correction of platelet dysfunction and bleeding in cyanotic congenital heart disease by simple red cell volume reduction. AB - Red cell volume reduction corrected the platelet aggregation abnormality and bleeding tendency in four boys, aged 5 to 16 years, with severe cyanotic congenital heart disease and polycythemia. Red cell volume was reduced by replacing 15 to 20 ml/kg body weight of the patient's blood with plasma in 50 ml increments over a 1 to 2 hour period. Within 3 days, platelet aggregation was restored essentially to normal, and previous bleeding symptoms disappeared. Platelet aggregation remained normal during 3 weeks of follow-up study and hematocrit values remained at palliative levels. The procedure was safe and simple, and it had beneficial effects not only on bleeding but also on other symptoms related to polycythemia. These preliminary observations suggest that red cell volume reduction may be useful preoperatively in patients with cyanotic heart disease and defects in platelet function to lessen the risk of serious bleeding during the early postoperative period. Palliation in severely cyanotic children whose condition is inoperable is another possible indication for this procedure. PMID- 48336 TI - Motor-sensory cortex-corticospinal system and developing locomotion and placing in rats. AB - Normal and abnormal development of movement in the rat were studied by investigating the growth and organization of the motor-sensory cortexcorticospinal tract system (MSC-CST) and the functional and morphologic effects of ablating the MSC or quadrants of it at different ages. Major growth of the MSC outflow, the CST, in the brain stem and rostral cord occurred in the second and third weeks postnatally, coinciding approximately with the normal mid week transition from infantile to mature locomotion. Ablation of the MSC at birth revealed that while the MSC-CST was not essential for ordinary locomotion on flat terrain, its presence hastened normal development of this kind of movement, and that it was absolutely essential for locomotion on difficult terrain. The MSC quadrants showed quite different, and in some domains mutually exclusive, CST projection patterns to forebrain, diencephalon, brain stem, and spinal destinations (determined by Fink-Heimer-Nauta fiber degeneration studies). Ablation of some quadrants produced distinctive syndromes of disordered movement: the posterolateral quadrant related to active grasping in positioning limbs, while the posteromedial quadrant related to tactile motor-sensory positioning of limbs. Thus in addition to the classic somatotopic organization of the MSC, there was another kind of organization into regions concerned with components of integrated movement of a number of parts of the body. Several forms of aberrant circuitry developed after MSC ablations in infants, but their possible roles in functional adaptation remain to be determined. PMID- 48337 TI - Models of ionic transport in biological membranes. Raman spectroscopy as a probe of valinomycin, gramicidin A', and rhodopsin conformations. AB - There is evidence that membrane proteins can serve as the functional units of ionic transport in biological membranes. Laser Raman spectroscopy has been used to probe specific molecular interactions inside two models of transport membrane proteins, valinomycin and gramicidin A. Conformational changes of these molecules, as well as specific interactions with ions, can be detected and may help elucidate how membrane transport proteins such as Na+ minus K+ ATPase and rhodopsin function. Resonance Raman spectroscopy has also been used to study conformational changes and protein-chromophore interactions in rhodopsin, the membrane protein that acts as the primary unit of visual excitation in the eye. PMID- 48338 TI - Letter: Gamma-benzene hexachloride toxicity. PMID- 48339 TI - Hepatocellular carcinoma: relation to alcohol, HB-antigen and alpha-fetoprotein. AB - Thirteen of 16 patients with primary cancer of the liver were heavy alcoholics. Fifty per cent of them had positive alpha-fetoprotein and 25% had HB-Ag in their blood. The association of alcoholism with cancer of the liver is thus very striking and hence alcohol should be proclaimed as a carcinogenic substance. PMID- 48340 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of gastric cancer with dye scattering. PMID- 48341 TI - When the patient is on bleomycin therapy. PMID- 48342 TI - Interactions in the uptake between catecholamines and estradiol in the human uterus. AB - Optimal conditions of pH, dose, time and temperature for the in vitro uptake of radioactivity from 3-H-E or 3-H-NE by the human endometrium and myometrium were established. Uptake was dependent on temperature but not on pH. Uptake of radioactivity from 3-H-NE was always higher (p smaller than 0.05) in both tissues than the uptake of radioactivity from 3-H-E at all the studied times but 10 minutes. Only the uptake of radioactivity from 3-H-NE by the myometrium increased continuously from 2 to 90 minutes. E2 increased the uptake of radioactivity from 3-H-E and decreased the one from 3-H-NE, being both effects more significant (p smaller than 0.05) in the myometrium. Both E and NE increased significantly (p smaller than 0.05) the uptake of 3-H-E2 by the myometrium but not by the endometrium. These results indicate that the interactions between E and NE and E2 are more marked in the myometrium. The uterine tissues studied corresponded to the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle, which was established by the endometrial histology and plasma levels of progesterone. PMID- 48343 TI - Prenatal detection of neural tube defects. Comparison between alpha-fetoprotein and beta-trace protein assays. AB - The prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects is now possible in about 90 per cent of cases by assaying the amniotic fluid for alpha fetoprotein. The accuracy of beta-trace protein assays on amniotic fluid samples from defective fetuses was compared to alpha-fetoprotein studies. At present, alpha-fetoprotein studies provide more reliable results. PMID- 48344 TI - Auto-tutorial method for teaching manual skills. AB - This paper describes a self-learning method for teaching craft and activity techniques developed by the faculty at St. Mary's Junior College, Minneapolis. The basic assumption is that, in order for learning to take place, the student must be actively involved in the learning-teaching process. Personalized instruction was simulated in an auto-tutorial laboratory where the student was responsible for organizing his time and for mastering specified craft and activity techniques. PMID- 48345 TI - Possible mechanism of histamine release during active vasodilatation. AB - Continuous electrical stimulation of the cut synpathetic innervation to perfused gracilis muscles restored vasoconstrictor tone and active dilatation resulted when stimulation was terminated. This dilatation was unaffected by cholinergic blockade but was blocked by the antihistamine tripelennamine. Prior vasoconstriction was not required to produce active dilatation since sympathetic stimulation applied during infusion of xylocholine (betaTM10) produced no vasoconstrictor response yet an antihistamine-sensitive vasodilatation appeared when stimulation ceased. This dilatation was also blocked by the alpha-adrenergic receptor blocker phentolamine even though adrenergic vasoconstrictor tone was absent. These results suggest that the release of histamine from its storage site is mediated by an alpha-receptor mechanism. Since betaTM10 abolished adrenergic vasoconstriction but preserved histamine-mediated vasodilatation that could be prevented by alpha-adrenergic blockade, it is proposed that histamine release may be under the control of separate adrenergic fibers without a vasoconstrictor function. This mechanism may underlie the process of active reflex vasodilatation since upon reflex withdrawal of tonic sympathetic activity an antihistamine sensitive vasodilatation occurs. PMID- 48346 TI - Identification of sialic acid-rich glycoproteins on polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 48347 TI - Relative analgesic potencies of morphine and hydromorphone in postoperative pain. AB - Because of discrepancies in the estimates of the relative analgesic potencies of hydromorphone and morphine, the drugs were compared in two four-point, double blind bioassays. In the first study, hydromorphone, 1 and 2 mg, was compared with morphine, 5 and 10 mg, in 31 postoperative patients; in the second, hydromorphone, 0.5 and 1 mg, was compared with morphine, 5 and 10 mg, in 112 postoperative patients. Subjective responses to nurse-observer questions were used to quantitate analgesia for postoperative pain. Hydromorphone is more potent than commonly believed: approximately 0.9 to 1.2 mg is equianalgesic with 10 mg of morphine, with a similar incidence of side effects. PMID- 48348 TI - Combination of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol with oxymorphone or pentobarbital: Effects on ventilatory control and cardiovascular dynamics. AB - Marijuana is widely used, yet few data concerning its actions combined with other drugs exist. Psychologic, respiratory and cardiovascular effects of delta9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active component of marijuana, combined with oxymorphone (OXM) or with pentobarbital (PBL), were studies in 15 healthy volunteers. Oxymorphone, 1.0 mg/70 kg, iv, caused sedation and ventilatory depression (minute ventilation: 24.9 plus or minus 11.9 SD to 14.1 plus or minus 4.9 1/min with PETCO2 held at 50 torr) in eight volunteers. TCH (27, 40, 60, 90, and 134 mug/kg, iv) increased sedation and further decreased ventilation with each TCH dose to 6.6 plus or minus 3.7 1/min after 134 mug/kg. The combination of OXM and THC decreased the CO2-ventilation slope from 2.23 to 0.88 1/min/torr. When THC, 134 mug/kg, was added to OXM, which alone caused no significant cardiovascular change, cardiac index (4.1 plus or minus 1.3 to 5.0 plus or minus 2.2 1/min/m-2) and heart rate (66 plus or minus 12 to 107 plus or minus 31 beats/min) significantly increased and total peripheral resistance (1,030 plus or minus 260 to 660 plus or minus 200 dynes-sec/cm-5) decreased. Heart rates exceeded 150 beats/min in two subjects after 27 and 134 mug/kg THC. Pentobarbital alone, 100 mg/70 kg, iv, caused no significant ventilatory or cardiovascular change. THC, after PBL pretreatment, induced hallucinations and anxiety in five of seven volunteers; four failed to complete all five doses of THC becuase of the severe psychologic effects. The combination of PBL and 40 to 134 mug/kg THC did not affect ventilation significantly. After PBL pretreatment, THC significantly increased heart rate (76 plus or minus 17 to 130 plus or minus 32 beats/min). Cardiac index also increased (3.8 plus or minus 0.8 to 5.6 plus or minus 1.9 1/min/m-2) and total peripheral resistance decreased (1,070 plus or minus 240 to 720 plus or minus 300 dynes-sec/cm-5). Three subjects developed heart rates esceeding 150 beats/min after 27, 27, and 90 mug/kg THC; in all three, heart rates fell from maximal value with a further dose of THC. PMID- 48349 TI - Inhibition of multiplication of Mycobacterium leprae by several antithyroid drugs. AB - Multiplication of Mycobacterium leprae in the mouse footpad was inhibited when mice were fed, mixed in their diet, 0.05 per cent methimazole, 0.066 per cent USP thyroid powder, methimazole plus thyroid powder, 0.15 per cent 5-n-heptyl-2 thioxo-4-thiazolidinone, 0.1 per cent propylthiouracil, and 0.1 per cent thambutosine for 154 days, beginning on the day of inoculation. All of the treatment regimens, except for the 2 containing thyroid powder, decreased the plasma concentrations of thyroxine and protein-bound iodine. It is suggested that the 2 antithyroid drugs, methiomazole and propylthiouracil, and the 2 antimicrobial agents, heptylthioxothiazolidinone and thiambutosine, all of which possess structural features in common, may exert the antithyroid and antimicrobial effects through a common mechanisms. PMID- 48350 TI - The influence of dimethyl sulfoxide on cellular ultrastructure and cytochemistry. PMID- 48351 TI - Immunosuppressive alpha globulin from bovine thymus and serum: mode of action upon afferent and efferent arcs of the mouse immune response. AB - Immunosuppressive bovine alpha globulins of both serum and thymus origin were analyzed for in vitro effects upon the afferent and efferent arcs of the immune system. Although considerable variation in potency occurs between preparations, the functional identity of thymus and serum fractions is apparent. Antigenic recognition and effector capability are not altered whereas the proliferative lymphocyte response is either augmented or suppressed, depending upon the concentration of alpha globulin. A rather selective effect is noted on DNA synthesis and is followed by parallel changes in the development of effector capability, as measured by the development of alloimmune cytotoxic lymphocytes. PMID- 48352 TI - "Signal theory" in cellular immunology: collaboration between T- and B lymphocytes in the immune response. PMID- 48353 TI - Effect of thymic factors on the differentiation of human marrow cells into T lympnocytes in vitro in normals and patients with immunodeficiencies. PMID- 48354 TI - Role of T-cell immunoglobulin in cell cooperation, T-cell suppression, and antigenic competition. PMID- 48355 TI - Ir genes and antigen recognition. PMID- 48356 TI - Factors influencing activation of B-cells in immunity. AB - The hypotheses so far advanced for B-cell activation by antigen are based on the assumption that the interaction between antigen and the Ig receptors delivers at least the initial triggering signal. There are few, if any, experimental findings to support this assumption. On the contrary, a variety of findings indicate that the Ig receptors do not deliver any signal to the cells, whereas activation can be regularly achieved without participation ofIg receptors. The available evidence forces us to suggest that antigen-induced B-cell triggering is always caused by one nonspecific signal, which is delivered to the cells by surface structures, which are not the Ig receptors. For distinctive features of this hypothesis see One Nonspecific Triggering Signal. Various competing hypotheses for B-cell activation have been analyzed, but none of them appears to satisfy the experimental findings. PMID- 48357 TI - The binding of polynucleotides to the DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus. PMID- 48358 TI - [DNA cytophotometry on cells of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (author's transl)]. AB - Determination of DNA content was performed by Feulgen staining of tumour cell smears and DNA measurement with an integrating microdensitometer, In 3 cases of Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans there was a DNA distribution in the range of 2 c: only a few cells showed a DNA content in the range between 2 c and 4 c; no atypical DNA distribution curves were found. The rate of proliferation in these cases of Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is small, there are no cytophotometric indices for malignancy. PMID- 48359 TI - An assessment of Mustard's operation as a palliative procedure for transposition of the great vessels. AB - Ten patients in whom palliative Mustard operations have been performed for transposition of the great vessels with ventricular septal defect and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance are reported. There has been early or late mortality in this group of patients, and postoperative morbidity has been minimal. Five of them have been recatheterized, and the results indicate substantial improvement in postoperative arterial oxygen saturation with change in pulmonary vascular resistance. The operation is reserved for those patients in whom peripheral desaturation is the major cause of symptomatology. Clinical improvement has been gratifying, and the continued use of the operation in selected patients seen indicated. PMID- 48361 TI - Letter: Palliative intubation in the management of esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 48360 TI - Clinical evaluation of priming solutions for pump oxygenator perfusion. AB - Various hemodilution agents are now used routinely to prime heart-lung machines for cardiac operations. Hemodilution has resulted in considerable conservation of blood as well as diminution of plasma and corpuscle damage by decreasing the concentration of these elements in blood during extracorporeal circulation. Controversy has existed regarding the relative efficacy of various hemodilution solutions. This study covers 68 patients, divided into three groups, for whom hemodilution was done as follows: (1) the pump was primed with a 5% dextrose solution containing no colloid; (2) Ringer's lactate solution containing approximately 1% low-molecular-weight dextran was used; and (3) a new plasma expander, hydroxyethyl starch, was used as the colloid component of an electrolyte solution. Evaluations and comparisons were carried out for flow rates, blood pressure, urine volume, hematocrit, BUN, blood loss, clotting factors, and the patient's clinical course with regard to pulmonary and neurological complications. We conclude that a colloid is beneficial, especially with longer perfusions. PMID- 48362 TI - Quinidine hepatitis. AB - Long-term administration of quinidine was associated with persistent elevation of serum concentrations of SGOT, lactic acid dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase. Liver biopsy showed active hepatitis. Discontinuance of quinidine therapy led to normalization of liver function tests. A challenge dose of quinidine caused clinical symptoms and abrupt elevation of SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, and lactic acid dehydrogenase values. We concluded that this patient had quinidine hepatotoxicity and believe that this is the first case reported with liver biopsy documentation. This report also suggests that, even after long term administration, the hepatic toxicity is reversible. PMID- 48363 TI - Blood protein fraction comparisons of normal and schizophrenic patients. AB - Whole blood, plasma, or serum levels of various components were measured in fasting, drug-free control subjects and drug-free schizophrenic patients. Compared to normal controls, chronic schizophrenic patients showed increased alpha2-globulins and decreased plasma cholinesterase activity and ceruloplasmin activity, and acute schizophrenic patients showed decreased alpha2-globulins. Compared to chronic patients, acute schizophrenics showed decreased alpha2 globulins and IgA. Compared to normal controls of similar age, chronic schizophrenic patients weighed less, were shorter, and had smaller body surface area. The acute schizophrenic patients were significantly younger than the normal subjects or chronic schizophrenics but there was no difference in the other physical measurements. The present study indicates no gross disturbances in the blood variables studied. That some differences are statistically significant from controls is of scientific interest, but of no clinical value in the diagnosis of schizophrenia. PMID- 48364 TI - Aneurysmectomy in the aged. AB - The records of 206 aneurysmectomy patients over the age of 70 years were reviewed. Increased three- and five-year mortality was seen with a variety of risk factors--cerebral vascular disease, cardiac disease, diastolic hypertension, renal disease, and cigarette smoking--but 30-day mortality was not affected. Age was not a significant risk factor. It is recommended that patients with aneurysms less than 7.5 cm be observed if multiple risk factors are present. Almost all patients with aneurysms greater than 7.5 cm should have resection to prevent death from rupture, although this will be short-term palliation in patients with multiple risk factors. PMID- 48365 TI - Hepatic artery ligation and cytotoxic infusion in treatment of liver neoplasms. AB - Since 1970, 38 patients with multiple primary or secondary liver neoplasms have been treated by hepatic artery ligation and distal cytotoxic infusion with fluorouracil. There have been two postoperative deaths. Although liver enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, and lactic dehydrogenase) rise markedly during the first three days, they usually return to preoperative levels within eight days. The median survival time of all patients, including the two postoperative deaths, was 13.3 months. The longest patient survival was 44 months. In the eight patients still living, the median survival time is 17 months, ranging from 11 to 27 months. Substantial palliation can be achieved by hepatic artery ligation and infusion with minimal morbidity and mortality. PMID- 48366 TI - [A method of silver impregnation for reticular stroma]. PMID- 48367 TI - [Testicular morphology in the early and late stages of prostatic cancer]. AB - A total of 31 biopsy specimens in patients with cancer of the prostate (18 with I and II stages and 13 with III and IV stages of the disease) were investigated. The results obtained were collated with those of the control group (22 observations). Involutional changes in the testes in the patients with cancer of the prostate started earlier and were more pronounced than those in the corresponding age of the control group. The testes in the patients with cancer were characterized by a specific mucoid oedema of the intertubular stroma with outcome into sclerosis. At early stages of the cancer hyperplasia and hypertrophy of Leydig' cells were noted. At final stages of the diseases their number normalized. At the same time the number of Sertoli's cells increased and signs indicating to intensification of their activity appeared. PMID- 48368 TI - [Morphogenesis of coronarosclerosis in rheumatism]. AB - Post-mortem studies of 72 hearts of persons who when alive had suffered from rheumatism were carried out. A complex genesis of sclerotic processes in the vascular walls was noted. They were occurring as a result of the desorganization of the connective tissue, as well as of "wearing out" of hemodynamic adaptation structures and development of atherosclerosis. The dependence of the character of sclerotic changes in vessels upon the peculiar features of the clinical course of the disease is shown. In cases with a high activity of the rheumatic process and considerable increase in the vascular-tissue permeability the development of hyalinosis was noted, and in cases with a slow course of rheumatism an increased fibrillogenesis was observed. Simultaneously, lesion and perish of the smooth muscle fibres of the media with outgrowth therein of the connective tissue occurred. The dependence of the extent of atherosclerosis in various branches of the coronary arteries upon a morphofunctional characteristics of this defect was established. The most extensive atherosclerotic lesions were found in those vessels which supplied with the blood the functionally burdened regions of the myocardium. A higher activity of lipolitic enzymes in the vessels and the cardiac muscle was observed in persons with rheumatism, as compared with that in persons free from cardiovascular diseases, and particularly in patients with atherosclerosis. PMID- 48369 TI - [Acid polysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) of the articular cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - As a result of histochemical investigation of the articular hyaline cartilage in 22 pateints with rheumatoid arthritis data were obtained on the decrease and redistribution of acid polysaccharides glycosamine glucane including keratosulphates, which led to an impartment of the cartilage supply and development therein of destructive processes. It was established that the most pronounced changer occurred in the main substance of the cartilage; changes in chondrocytes, according to the authors, were of secondary nature. PMID- 48370 TI - [Smooth muscle cells of the blood vessels and internal organs of the vertebrates in normal and pathologic states]. AB - The article presents a review of present day literature data on the structure of the smooth-muscle cells of vertebrates in the norm and pathology. The smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and internal organs of vertebrates possess a contractile apparatus the same as in striated muscle and are characterized by two main functions: contractile and synthetical. The latter manifests itself in the capability of the muscle cells to synthesize all the components of the interstitial matter. General pathology of the smooth muscle includes disorders of ultracirculation, metabolic disturbances, necrobiotic changes and necrosis of the muscle cells, compensatory-adaptive processes predominantly of the type of hyperplastic-hypertrophic reaction and regeneration. PMID- 48371 TI - Letters to the editor: Is the Negri body specific for rabies? PMID- 48372 TI - Mucous glands in the developing human nose. AB - In 56 fetuses the development and spread of the nasal glands were studied by three different whole-mount methods. Development starts anteriorly in the nose and proceeds with a given regularity backward. The anterior nasal, serous glands are found only most anteriorly in the nose. They are laid down in the 11th week by the formation of long ducts that grow backward. Small seromucous glands start forming in the 13th week. They gradually spread backward in the middle and inferior meatus and hence to the medial and lateral surfaces of the inferior and middle conchae. They are present in all parts of the respiratory region except in a small area above and behind the nasal vestibule and behind the conchae, Bowman glands start developing in the 16th week, in the roof of the nose, and gradually spread down through the entire olfactory region. They are very small, tubular, and serous. Bythe 23rd week gland formation has been completed. PMID- 48373 TI - Middle ear mucosa and chronic ear disease. III. Enzyme studies of thick noncholesteatomous epithelium. AB - Thick mucosa removed from the promontory in cases with chronic otitis media showed prominent PAS-positive glands and epithelial secretory cells. Alcian blue positivity was less pronounced, contrary to the mucosa from glue ears. Enzyme activity in the epithelium and propria was comparable to that in glue ears, with some increase in alkaline phosphatase and some decrease in proprial lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activity. Removal of thick, permanently altered mucoas is recommended even in the absence of squamous epithelium. Steps should be taken to allow regrowth of thin, normal middle ear epithelium on the promontory. PMID- 48375 TI - Alpha-feto protein in lung cancer metastatic to the liver. PMID- 48374 TI - Myoepithelioma of minor salivary gland origin. Light and electron microscopical study. AB - A gingival tumor that invaded the anterior maxilla was removed from a 14-year-old boy and studied by light and electron microscopy. The tumor was composed exclusively of myoepithelial cells and appeared to be malignant. By light microscopy, the tumor appeared to be a poorly differentiated epithelial neoplasm of undetermined origin; however, electron microscopical examination showed myoepithelial differentiation, indicative of a salivary gland origin. To our knowledge, the present case represents the only confirmed myoepithelioma that shows features indicative of malignant potential. Myoepitheliomas may be related to mixed tumors of salivary glands. PMID- 48376 TI - [On the sex chromatin and sex chromatin-like nuclear structures in human Purkinje cells]. AB - INTRODUCTION: Animal experiments have shown that in the course of chromatolysis the nuclear sex chromatin of nerve cells of female mammals changes its customary location at the nucleolus and migrates to the nuclear membrane; moreover, in the nuclei of nerve cells of males there occur under similar conditions nuclear structures which resemble the sex chromatin. It was, therefore, thought of interest to see if similar findings also apply to human Purkinje-cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The cerebellum of 100 female and 52 male corpses of various ages was examined. Paraffin sections, 2-5 mum thick, were stained with haemalumeosin and, after hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid, with cresyl violet of Schiff's reagent (Feulgen stain). In each cerebellum 100 Purkinje-cells, whose nuclei showed a well developed nucleolus and an obvious Barr body, were studied. In the cerebellum of 29 female corpses the cells examined showed a marked cytoplasmic chromatolysis; in the Purkinje-cells of the remaining 71 female, and of all the male corpses the stage of chromatolysis was classified according to the degree of dissolution of the Nissl bodies as "feeble", "marked", or as the stage of restitution, characterized by nuclear caps. RESULTS: The sex chromatin was seen as a, mainly, round and compact chromocenter with a maximal diameter of 0.6--1.6 mum. The larger Barr bodies were seen more frequently, if chromatolysis in the corresponding cells was marked. With increasing chromatolysis the Barr body, which usually occupies a perinucleolar location, tended to be found more often at or near the nuclear membrane. In the cerebellum of the males 17.4% of the Purkinje cells studied showed heteropyknotic nuclear structures which could not always be distinguished in size or in appearance from a sex chromatin. They occupied predominantly a perinuclear position. but with increasing chromatolysis they too were seen more frequently in a location which tended to be intermediary or near the nuclear membrane. Not infrequently the nuclei simultaneously presented a granular hyperchromatosis. DISCUSSION: The change in the location of the sex chromatin in the nucleus is considered to be associated with compensatory processes following chromatolysis. These in turn are accompanied by an intranuclear current of materials, such as RNA, towards the periphery of the nucleus, or by changed electric potentials which develop in the affected cells. The variations in size of the Barr body should be attributed to a variable condensation of the corresponding X-chromosome, rather than to polyploidy of the nerve cell nuclei. The sex chromatin-like chromocenters, which are seen in "male" Purkinje-cells in the course of chromatolysis, could be attributed to certain chromosomal segments which have a tendency to heterochromasia... PMID- 48377 TI - Poly (2'O-methylcytidylate).oligodeoxyguanylate, a template-primer specific for reverse transcriptase, is not utilized by HeLa cell gamma DNA polymerases. PMID- 48378 TI - Inhibition of purified mitochondiral ATPase (F1) by bathophenanthroline and relief of the inhibition by uncouplers. PMID- 48379 TI - Inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity of RNA-tumor viruses by fagaronine+. PMID- 48380 TI - Effects of the peptide antibiotics tyrocidine and the linear gramicidin on RNA SYNTHESIS AND SPORULATION OF Bacillus brevis. PMID- 48381 TI - Cell cycle stage-specific transcription of histone genes. PMID- 48382 TI - Mechanisms of lysosomal enzyme release from leukocytes. IV. Interaction of monosodium urate crystals with dogfish and human leukocytes. AB - In order to determine the possible mechanisms whereby interactions between phagocytic cells and crystals of monosodium urate (MSU) lead to cell death with simultaneous release of both cytoplasmic and lysosomal enzymes, phagocytic leukocytes of the smooth dogfish shart Mustelus canis were studied by means of light and electron microscopy, and biochemistry. Lysosomes of these cells can be stained supravitally with toluidine blue and are large enough (0.7-0.8 mu) to be clearly resolved with the light microscope. Light microscopic observations showed that of cells exposed to MSU 87% of those containing visible ingested crystals died within 1 hour, whereas 92% of adjacent cells in the same wet mount without such srystals survived. Cell death occured after a latent period of 10-15 minutes following fusion of lysosomes with crystal-containing phagosomes. Electron microscopic examination of both dogfish and human leukocytes exposed to MSU for more than 1 hour and then fixed in situ revealed occasional discontinuities or ruptures in secondary lysosome membranes. Endogenous peroxidase activity could be cytochemically localized in primary and secondary lysosomes and in the cytoplasm adjacent to such ruptured secondary lysosomes. It was not seen adjacent to primary lysosomes, a result indicating that the cytoplasmic reaction product was not a diffusion artifact. To exclude the possibility that crystals were exercising their affect primarily upon the plasma membrane, suspensions of dogfish buffy coat cells were incubated with cytochalasin B (5 mug/ml, 10 minutes), which inhibits phagocytosis but not exocytosis of lysosomal enzymes by stimulated phagocytes. Whereas cells exposed to MSU crystals released 30% of their content of lysosomal beta-glucuronidase activity and 28% of their cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity within 3 hours, preincubation with cytochalasin B reduced the release of LDH activity within that period to 6% but reduced the release of beta-glucuronidase activity only to 20%. Preincubation with 10-3 M cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and theophylline (10-3 M), which inhibit lysosomal fusion, reduced the release of both LDH and beta glucuronidase activities to 7% and 6% respectively. Cells that were preincubated with both cytochalasin B and cAMP + theophylline released only 1% LDH activity and 4% beta-blucuronidase activity. These results are compatible with the "suicide sac" hypothesis of lysosomal enzyme release mediated by MSU for the following reasons: a) cell death was seen to follow uptake, not mere exposure to crystals, b) ultrastructural studies indicated that the primary injury was to the secondary lysosome membrane, and c) cell death was reduced when either phagocytosis or lysosomal fusion was inhibited. PMID- 48383 TI - Frequency potentiation and postextrasystolic potentiation in patients with and without coronary arterial disease. AB - Frequency potentiation and postextrasystolic potentiation of myocardial contractility were induced in 17 patients found not to have cardiac disease (group 1) and in 10 patients with coronary arterial disease (group 2). Atrial stimulation was performed starting at a rate of 110/min and going up to 200/min (frequency potentiation). Single, premature ventricular beats with decreasing coupling intervals were induced every fifteenth beat during basal atrial stimulation at 125/min, after which compensatory pauses were provided (posts used an an index of contractility. With increasing heart rate dp/dt max was augmented equally, in both groups of patients, by frequency increases and premature beats (the coupling interval of the extrasystole being expressed as heart rate). dp/dt min and left ventricular systolic pressure remained unchanged while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased in both groups of patients with the two forms of potentiation It was concluded that both these forms of potentiation have the same augmenting effect on myocardial contractility. Shortening the coupling intervals of premature beats caused a decreased in left ventricular end diastolic pressure, suggesting that the Frank-Starling mechanism was not involved in postextrasystolic potentiation. Patients with coronary arterial disease had lower values of dp/dt max, dp/dt min, and higher values of left ventricular end diastolic pressure during rest and stimulation procedures, while the systolic pressures equalled those in the control group. Though individual case values from the healthy and diseased hearts might be similar, it was only under the stress of potentiation that the true state of contractility was made apparent. Impairment of dp/dt min was not found without an impairment of dp/dt max in the presence of myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 48384 TI - Cytology as a guide to the presence of chlamydial inclusions in Giemsa-stained conjunctival smears in severe endemic trachoma. AB - Microscopical examination of 927 Giemsa-stained conjunctival smears from children with chronic trachoma in southern Tunisia showed 93 (10 per cent.) with typical trachoma (chlamydial) inclusions in epithelial cells. The accompanying cytological features were a useful indicator for inclusions. Inclusions were found only in slides with numerous polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) and separation of the epithelial cells. When these two features alone were present, 3 per cent. of the smears were inclusion-positive; when many lymphocytes were present also, 25 per cent. were inclusion positive; when other cytological features (plasma cells, macrophages, blastoid, and stem cells) were present as well, 70 per cent. of the smears were inclusion-positive. The occurrence of these sets of cytological features can be a useful guide for selecting smears for intensive examination for chlamydial inclusions. Immunofluorescent (FA) staining and Giemsa staining of 527 pairs of matched smears detected trachoma agent in 67 (13 per cent.); in thirty by both methods, in thirteen by Giemsa staining alone, and in 24 by FA alone. The examination of Giemsa-stained smears for chlamydial inclusions is a useful technique for the diagnosis of trachoma or inclusion conjunctivitis by laboratories that do not have the specialized facilities for the identification of these chlamydial infections by the technically more complex procedures of immunofluorescent staining or isolation in embryonated eggs or tissue cultures. PMID- 48385 TI - [Suppression of alpha-fetoprotein production by extracts from different tissues]. PMID- 48386 TI - [Cytotoxic and blocking antibodies in the sera and eluates from spleen cells of mice with Rauscher leukemia following a different course]. PMID- 48387 TI - Acute myelogenous leukemia of the Wistar/Furth rat: establishment of a continuous tissue culture line producing lysozyme in vitro and in vivo. AB - A transplantable myelogenous leukemia of an inbred Wistar/Furth rat has been established in tissue culture and cloned. The resulting transplantable leukemia line demonstrates in vitro doubling time of 20 hr, colony-forming efficiency of 5% in liquid and methylcellulos-containing medium, and a saturation density of 3.0 x 106 cells/sq cm in liquid medium. Following intraperitoneal inoculation, newborn rats developed solid tumors, ascities, and leukemia with ld50 of5 x 103 cells and mean latency of 60 days. The tumor cell morphology was consistent with that of acute myelogenous leukemia. Histochemical staining for myeloid enzymes revealed no evidence of myeloperoxidase, esterase, or leukocyte alkaline phosphatase; however, fluorescent antibody staining for lysozyme was markedly positive. Serum, urine, and ascitic fluid from rats with transplanted leukemia also contained elevated levels of lysozyme. There was no detectable type-CRNA virus production by this cell line after as long as 100 days in vitro. This inbred rat myelogenous leukemia should provide a useful model for studies of chemotherapy and immunoltherapy of human acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 48388 TI - Microscope fluorometric investigations on the reticulocytic maturation distribution as diagnostic criterion of disordered erythropoiesis. AB - A microscope fluorometric technique is described which permits not only the visual identification of reticulocytes under the fluorescence microscope but also the determination of their relative stage of maturation to normocytes. The technique is based on a specific staining procedure which results in a fluorescent complex between the reticulocytic RNA and acridine orange. Thus, the relative mass of RNA in the individual reticulocytes can be measured by means of mciroscope fluorometry. As the reticulocytic RNA content decreases and finally disappears during the final maturation process of reticulocytes after their release into the peripheral blood stream, the fluorescence signal indicates the relative degree of this maturation. A characteristic frequency distribution of this parameter can be obtained for a given blood sample by microscope fluorometry measuring 200 to 300 reticulocytes. The preliminary use of this technique for following up the course of two cases of hemolytic anemia and one of pernicious megaloblastic anemia during their treatment demonstrates the potential diagnostic value of this technique of identifying the change of the reticulocyte maturation distribution in addition to the reticulocyte count. Satisfactory agreement between the microscope fluorometric results and those obtained by counting separately the four reticulocytic maturation stages according to Heilmeyer and Wesbauser has been achieved. The possibility of obtaining quantitative and comparable results by use of this method may be considered a general advantage and a promising basis for the development of an automated technique. PMID- 48389 TI - [Influence of ultrasonic waves and enzymes on antigenic properties of human erythrocytes. I. Ultrasonic waves]. AB - In order to desintegrate the membranes and to isolate Rh antigens erythrocytes with well defined Rh patterns are treated with ultrasonic waves. The results of investigation of the homogenous sonicates allow the following tentative conclusions: The Rh antignes (C and E) are combined obviously with certain functional membrane areas of a given size. After sonication the activity of the sonicate to neutralize specific antibodies is greater than the activity of the same amount of untreated cells. It is supposed that this effect is caused by making accessible hidden antigens that are inaccessible in the intact membrane. Immunization of rabbits with the sonicates does not stimulate Rh-specific antibodies. PMID- 48390 TI - Insecticide residues in non-target areas of rooms after two methods of crack and crevice application. PMID- 48391 TI - Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in ground water. PMID- 48392 TI - Persistance of dieldrin, lindane, and DDT in a light study soil and their uptake by grass. PMID- 48393 TI - Inhibition of immediate hypersensitivity reactions in laboratory animals by a phenanthroline salt (ICI 74,917). AB - 1. The activity of a new anti-allergic compound, I.C.I. 74,917, has been studied in the rat, mouse and guinea-pig. 2. Following intravenous administration, I.C.I. 74,917 inhibits in a dose-dependent manner passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced in rats and mice by heat-labile homocytotropic antibody. In rats, its potency is approximately 300 times that of disodium cromoglycate. 3. To achieve maximal inhibition, it is necessary to administer I.C.I. 74,917 at the same time as antigenic challenge; dosing before or after challenge has much less effect. 4. Liberation of histamine, provoked by the antigenic challenge of mast cells passively sensitized in vitro by IgE-like antibody, is reduced in the presence of I.C.I. 74,917. 5. Intravenous administration of the compound has no significant effect upon local blueing reactions provoked in the rat by intradermal injection of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine or Compound 48/80. It has only a slight effect at high doses upon passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced in the rat by heat stable homocytotropic or heterologous (guinea-pig) antibodies. 6. Although not a bronchodilator in the guinea-pig, I.C.I. 74,917 partially inhibits systemic anaphylaxis. A consistent reduction in the severity of antigen-induced bronchospasm was demonstrated in the Konzett-Rossler preparation at doses comparable to those inhibiting passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat. However, there was only slight inhibition of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the guinea pig. 7. I.C.I. 74,917 itself induces bronchospasm when administered to anaesthetized guinea-pigs or to a guinea-pig isolated lung preparation. This effect is reversed by salbutamol, but is not prevented by the prior administration of mepyramine, atropine or methysergide. 8. These results indicate that in the rat, mouse and guinea-pig, I.C.I. 74,917 is a potent inhibitor of certain types of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 48394 TI - Dimensions of behavior in infant school children. PMID- 48395 TI - The distribution and dosimetry of 111-IN-bleomycin in man. AB - The distribution of 111-In in the human body was studied after the injection of 111-In-bleomycin for tumour localization. Uptake in body organs was measured by quantitative scanning using a dual detector scanner. The estimated absorbed dose from an injection of 1 mCi was 0.3 rad to the whole body, and approximately 1 rad to bone marrow, kidneys, liver and spleen. PMID- 48396 TI - 111-In-labelled bleomycin; clinical experience as a diagnostic agent in tumours of the thorax and abdomen. AB - The potential value of indium-labelled bleomycin as a diagnostic scanning agent has been investigated in patients with a variety of malignant neoplasms involving the thorax, abdomen or pelvis. Sixty-five patients were scanned on 72 occasions, the optimum time to perform the examination being 72 hours after the intravenous injection of 2 mCi 111-In chelated to 2 mg bleomycin. Tumour uptake was visualized in 53 out of 62 scans in which tumour was present, but the extent of tumour was underestimated in seven cases, and over-estimated in five others. The latter were mostly due to uptake in infective lesions. These results indicate that the situations in which indium bleomycin is most likely to provide clinically relevant information are the distinction between recurrent tumour and post-radiotherapy changes in the thorax and pelvis, the diagnosis of recurrent carcinoma within the pelvis, and the distinction between bony metastases from carcinoma of the prostate and Paget's disease. Further clinical trials are necessary to assess these situations. PMID- 48397 TI - Progressive peripheral neuropathy in patient with primary hyperoxaluria. AB - In a patient suffering from primary hyperoxaluria with oxalosis a progressive peripheral neuropathy was associated with intra-axonal deposition of microcrystals of calcium oxalate. Probably his neuropathy was the result of mechanical obstruction of axoplasmic flow. PMID- 48398 TI - Origin of urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in glomerulonephritis. AB - To elucidate the origin of the fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (F.D.P.) occurring in the urine in glomerulonephritis 28 patients with glomerulonephritis were examined for renal fibrinolytic activity, F.D.P. in urine and serum, and blood fibrinolytic activators and blood fibrinolytic activators and inhibitors. Unlike the glomerful of healthy kidneys, which were fibrinolyticly inactive, those of kidneys with glomerulonephritis constantly showed fibrinolytic activity. The presence or absence of fibrin in the glomeruli was almost always accompanied by, respectively, the presence or absence of urinary F.D.P., which suggested a renal origin of urinary F.D.P. in glomerulonephritis. The low fibrinolytic activity of the blood and the absence of F.D.P. in the serum of these patients make it unlikely that the urinary F.D.P. in glomerulonephritis result from glomerular filtration. PMID- 48399 TI - Letter: Antental diagnosis of spina bifida. PMID- 48400 TI - Letter: developmental screening and assessment. PMID- 48401 TI - Diagnosis of hypothyroidism: a comparison of statistical techniques. AB - From replies to a postal questionnaire used in a radioactive iodine follow-up scheme patients had to be classified as either "suspected hypothyroid" or "euthyroid." A comparisons has been made of the effectiveness of published statistical techniques in making this classification. Two main conclusions emerged. Firstly, all except one of the methods identified an acceptable proportion of the hypothyroid patients, and, secondly, the results given by these methods were remarkably similar. Thus the simplest, which required only a count of the number of symptoms present, was selected for use. PMID- 48402 TI - Letter: Serum alpha-fetoprotein in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 48403 TI - Kinetically-based multiple drug treatment for advanced head and neck cancer. AB - A multiple drug regimen was given to 36 patients with advanced carcinomas of the head and neck. In 19 of the 24 patients who were assessable the tumour regressed more than 50%; in one it regressed by 25%; and in four it did not respond at all. Multiple drug chemotherapy should be given much earlier in the course of these cancers, preferably as an adjuvant to surgery or radiotherapy. PMID- 48405 TI - Rapid axonal transport in trigeminal nerve of rat. AB - The rat trigeminal nerve was investigated as a model system for axonal transport to identifiable sensory nerve endings. Following stereotaxic injection of [3 H]proline into the ganglion, the distribution of label in protein and other extracts of ligated or unligated infraorbital nerve was measured in replicates at various time intervals from 30 min to 3 days. In unligated nerves the average maximum velocity of somatofugal protein transport was 228 mm/day. Light microscope autoradiography demonstrated rapid intraaxonal transport of radioactive material to nerve endings in molar teeth and vibrissae. The system appears suitable for investigating the fate of axonally transported material at peripheral receptors. PMID- 48404 TI - Mercaptoethanol-resistant human serum antibodies reacting with endotoxin from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Sera from fifty patients with gonorrhoea, thirty with non-specific urethritis, and eighty blood donors were treated with mercaptoethanol (ME) and examined by the indirect haemagglutination test for antibodies against endotoxin from gonococci. Erythrocytes sensitized with determinant a of endotoxin from Strains 8551, V, and VII, or determinant b from Strain V were used. The percentage of sera active in the haemagglutination test was much higher in the gonorrhoea group than in the controls. The geometric mean titre was also significantly higher in the gonorrhoea group. This applied for all four antigens used. Results obtained in an anti-globulin test indicated that the titre of ME-treated serum was determined by IgG antibodies against the endotoxin. Many sera had titres which varied according to the strain origin of the antigen used in the test. The sensitivity of tests for antibodies was increased by using endotoxin from several different strains of gonococci for the examination of each serum. A simplified procedure for determination of antibodies against endotoxin from different strains of gonococci was elaborated. PMID- 48406 TI - Changes in brain hydrolytic enzyme activities in rats treated with cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor, AY9944. AB - Intraperitoneal administration of AY9944 causes accumulation of 7 dehydrocholesterol, appearance of abnormal neuronal cytoplasmic lamellar inclusions containing acid phosphatase activities, and degeneration of oligodendroglial cells. In the present study, we attempted to correlate appearance and disappearance of abnormal inclusions, oligodendroglial degeneration, activities of lysosomal enzymes, and accumulation of 7 dehydrocholesterol. One group of 5-day-old rats received daily injection of AY9944, 30 mg/kg, for 30 days. Other groups received the same daily dosage but only in 10 consecutive days, starting from 5, 15, 25, and 35 days, respectively. Activities of 13 brain hydrolytic enzymes were determined. In the first group, activities of most enzymes increased over the controls, reaching the peak between the 15th and 25th day, corresponding to the maximum appearance of the neuronal inclusions and degenerating oligodendroglia. Despite the continued administration of AY9944 and the high tissue concentration of 7-dehydrocholesterol, activities of most enzymes declined after 25 days to relatively steady levels somewhat higher than controls. In the group which received 10-day injections, enzyme activities reached the peak at the end of the injections and then rapidly returned to normal within 10 days thereafter, corresponding to the appearance and disappearance of the abnormal inclusions. However, 7-dehydrocholesterol continued to increase for 10 days after the drug administration was discontinued. AY9944 had no direct effect on any of the enzymes in vitro. There appears to be generalized lysosomal activation concomitant with formation of abnormal neuronal inclusions in the experimental conditions. PMID- 48407 TI - Studies on the development of the chick optic tectum. IV. An autoradiographic study of the development of retino-tectal connections. AB - The normal pattern of innervation of the optic tectum has been studied autoradiographically in a series of chick embryos which were injected intraocularly with [3-H]proline at intervals between the 6th and 21st days of incubation. From the distribution of the radioactively labeled proteins transported in the rapid phase of axonal flow, it is evident that retinal fibers first enter the tectum late on the 6th day of incubation and then spread across its surface from its rostrolateral aspect to its caudo-dorso-medial pole during the ensuing 6 days. At the 9th day, when the fibers have grown across the surface of the rostral half of the tectum, there is no indication that the terminal portions of the axons have left the stratum opticum to enter the outer layers of the stratum grieseum et fibrosum superficiale. The first suggestion of such an invasion of the stratum grieseum et fibrosum superficiale is found at day 10, when labeled fibers can be seen in this stratum, over a restricted, oval, area near the center of the tectum. Over the course of the next 2 days the region of the stratum grieseum et fibrosum superficiale occupied by retinal fibers expands, more-or-less concentrically, until by day 14 some labeled fibers are seen in the outer part of the stratum, throughout the tectum. Concurrent with the ingrowth of optic nerve fibers the final cytoarchitectonic differentiation of the outer layers of the tectum occurs so that by day 18 the autoradiographs show a pattern of labeling of layers a-f of the stratum griseum et fibrosum superficiale similar to that seen in mature, post-hatched chicks. Since the region of the tectum which is first innervated by retinal fibers corresponds to the projection field of the region around the upper end of the choroid fissure where the first ganglion cells are generated, it would appear that the axons of the first-formed ganglion cells grow over the rostral surface of the tectum before establishing the first retino tectal synapses near the central portion of the tectum. Subsequently, as the ganglion cell population grows concentrically from around the area centralis, there is a parallel expansion of the region in which retino-tectal synapses are being formed in the tectum. PMID- 48408 TI - Evaluation of [3-H]proline for radioautographic tracing of axonal projections in the teleost visual system. AB - The efficacy of [3-H]proline radioautography for tracing retinal ganglion cell projections to the optic tectum of the jewel fish, Hemichromis bimaculatus, has been compared with that of degeneration techniques. There was good agreement between the various methods. Retinal projections to the optic tectum of two other teleosts, the oscar, Astronotus ocellatus, and the goldfish, Carrasius auratus, were examined radioautographically. In addition to conventional methods of analysis, radioautograms were scanned in a slit microdensitometer and by an automated isodensity scanning system. Results of studies with the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, are compatible with the suggestion that axonally transported proteins labeled with [3-H]proline may release diffusible precursors that are reincorporated into protein in adjacent regions. The possible advantages and limitations of radioautography of [3-H]proline-labeled axonally transported protein in brief or extended studies are discussed in terms of the results obtained in the teleost visual system. PMID- 48410 TI - Feulgen hydrolysis and chromosome banding in Chilocorus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). AB - Prolonged Feulgen hydrolysis of chromosomes of Chilocorus orbus Csy. and C. stigma Say produces banding patterns that are the reverse of those revealed with quinacrine; brightly fluorescing regions are unstained, but nonfluorescent regions remain relatively darkly stained. This differential reactivity at hydrolysis times that otherwise yield intense Feulgen staining confirms the need for caution in the determination of DNA values with the Feulgen reaction in material with well-defined quinacrine bands. The coincidence of DNA-specific Feulgen bands with Q-, G-, and C-bands supports the view that, in Chilocorus at least, bands reflect differences in DNA composition along the chromosome. PMID- 48409 TI - CEA, AFP and other potential tumor markers. PMID- 48411 TI - Quinacrine fluorescence and Q-banding patterns of human chromosomes. I. Effects of varying factors. AB - Various factors involved in the production of "Q-bands" have been studied. It was found that a Zeiss standard WL fluorescent microscope required a shorter exposure time for photography as compared to a Zeiss photomicroscope. The minimal exposure time was obtained when the standard WL microscope was equipped with a UV light source containing a DC powered mercury burner and a concave mirror. Further, the pH and type of water used in the staining, washing and mounting of the slide were also important factors in producing clear and well differentiated "Q-bands". It also appears that the factors involved in the production of "Q-bands" effect the enhancement or quenching of fluorescence by poly d(A-T)-poly d(A-T) and salmon sperm DNA or poly dG-poly dC respectively. This preliminary report also suggests that DNA or polynucleotides with a specific base sequence may play an important role in Q-banding patterns on chromosomes. PMID- 48412 TI - Use of chemotherapy - bleomycin. PMID- 48413 TI - Grading of prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 48414 TI - Virologic and immunologic studies of human prostatic carcinoma. AB - Morphologic, tissue culture, immunologic, and biochemical methods have been used in an attempt to detect and characterize oncogenic viruses or their subviral components in cells derived from human prostatic carcinoma (PrCa) or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Electron microscopy was used to characterize the ultrastructural features of normal and neoplastic prostatic tissue. Examination of specimens of prostatic tissue from 34 patients with PrCa, ten patients with BPH, and three patients with bladder tumor (BT) revealed the presence of particles resembling type-C virus in three cases of PrCa and structures resembling budding type-C virus particles in one case of BPH. Fifty human prostatic tissue specimens have been set in tissue culture, of which 30 have been successfully grown for varying periods of time. Of 20 currently active cultures, nine consist primarily of epithelial cells. Immunofluorescence and mixed hemadsorption tests of cells derived from benign and malignant prostatic tissue and sera derived from patients with PrCa, BPH, BT, and other types of tumors, and from normal donors revealed that sera from patients with PrCa, BPH, or BT contain antibodies to antigens in cells derived from PrCa, BPH, or BT. The nature of these antigen-antibody reactions is under study. Initial biochemical studies have not detected reverse transcriptase in the tissue culture fluid from a small number of sparsely growing PrCa cultures nor specific gene sequences homologous to murine leukemia virus-Rauscher genomic RNA in preparations of either normal or malignant prostatic cell DNA. The results of these preliminary studies have demonstrated the applicability of the techniques employed to the study of the relationship of viruses to human PrCa and have provided a number of promising leads for further investigation. PMID- 48415 TI - The search for "virogene" in human prostatic tissues: prostatic DNA polymerases. AB - The "virogene-oncogene" hypothesis of Huebner and Todaro and the "provirus" hypothesis of Temin implicate RNA tumor viruses in the neoplastic transformation of mammalian cells. These hypotheses have been substantiated in several animal systems including primates and, presumably, in man. Because the detection in a tissue of one or two activities allegedly related to RNA tumor virus may not be conclusive evidence for viral presence, we have developed a scheme of coordinated morphologic, biologic, and biochemical investigations of human prostatic tissues. We report here the more recent progress we have made in one of the segments of our scheme of investigations. Two, possibly three, DNA polymerase activities from human prostatic tissue have been isolated and partially purified by DEAE cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography. These activities have been partially characterized. Based on template preferences and non-inhibition by selective inhibitors of reverse transcriptase, neither of the major polymerase activities appears to be the reverse transcriptase-type activity. PMID- 48416 TI - Properties of prostatic cultures transformed by SV40. AB - SV-40-transformed hamster prostatic tissue has been previously evaluated as a model for human prostatic carcinoma. Because the original cell line was lost, Syrian golden hamster prostatic tissue has been established in explant culture and infected with a 10-6-cell tissue culture infectious dose (50 percent effective) of SV40. After in vitro transformation, the cells were produced in quantity and 60 times 10-6 cells were injected into adult male Syrian golden hamsters 24 hours after 400 rads of whole-body radiation. After 60-90 days, a small palpable tumor developed. These tumors could be serially transplanted in adult male animals without immunosuppression. The tumor cells were established in tissue culture and the cells were returned to adult animals without immunosuppression where they rapidly produced fast-growing tumors. The solid tumors were composed of sheets of pleomorphic polygonal cells with large nuclei and many nucleoli; they resembled undifferentiated human prostatic carcinoma. In vitro, the cultures contained small, rapidly growing cells with a population doubling time of about 1.3 days. The cells carried the SV 40-specific antigen. The modal chromosome number was 66-68 with a distribution of 47-120. Cells exposed to 2-bromo-5'-deoxyuridine in culture did not release particles with RNA dependent DNA polymerase activity. Endocrine sensitivity in vivo and in vitro is undertermined to date. PMID- 48417 TI - Monolayer cultures of human prostatic cells. AB - The objective of this study was to isolate, characterize, and preserve normal prostatic epithelial and carcinoma cell lines. To date, four specimens have been acquired from patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. Culture attempts have been successful, yielding a total of 32 cell lines. Three of these lines have been examined thus far and were found to have clearly demonstrable tartrate inhibitable acid phosphatase granules by histochemical techniques. Several problem areas emerge from these preliminary studies. These involve the difficulty of (a) characterization of the cells as originating from prostatic epithelium, (b) identification of prostatic carcinoma cells, and (c) possible senescence in culture of cell lines. PMID- 48418 TI - Effect of 3-methylcholanthrene (NSC-21970) on human prostate in organ culture. AB - Long-term organ culture of normal human prostatic tissue with demonstration of functional and morphologic maintenance of the glandular epithelium is described. The carcinogen 3-methylcholanthrene at a level of 4 mug/ml in the culture fluid induced morphologic changes that were not observed in untreated cultures. The changes observed after exposure to the carcinogen for 15-30 days included hyperplasia and anaplasia of the glandular epithelial cells with large variation in nuclear size and shape. These changes were suggestive of a neoplastic potential. PMID- 48419 TI - Tumor antigen and acid phosphatase isoenzyme in prostatic cancer. AB - Plasma and prostatic fluid from man, dog, and baboon were measured for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by a radioimmunoassay technique. No CEA was detected in plasma, prostatic fluid, or seminal fluid in 12 dogs and three baboons. Elevated CEA (less than 2.5 ng/ml) was found in 13 of 20 human prostatic fluids. It was inferred that there was no immunologic cross-reactivity of CEA among man, dog, and baboon. CEA has been isolated and purified from liver tumors. Biochemical studies reveal that CEA consists of 60 percent carbohydrate and 40 percent protein. It contains the following carbohydrates: fucose, mannose, galactose, sialic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, and a small amount of N acetylgalactosamine. The following amino acids were found in CEA: lysine, histidine, arginine, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, emthionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and cysteine. The amino acid sequence (first 30 amino acids) of the N-terminal has been determined. The N-terminal amino acid was lysine. Using this study as a model, other tumor antigens from prostatic tumor tissues are being investigated. The acid phosphatase isoenzyme from prostatic tissue was also studied. After a series of purifications, two chromatographic fractions were obtained. Treatment with neuraminidase removed the sialic acid content of the molecule, changed the isoelectric focusing patterns, and abolished the chromatographic heterogeneity. Sedimentation studies indicated a molecular weight of about 100,000. Biochemical studies showed that prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme is a glycoprotein which consists of 7 percent carbohydrate and 93 percent protein. It contains fucose, galactose, mannose, sialic acid, N acetylglucosamine, and the following amino acids: aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, alanine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine, tryptophan, and cysteine. An antiserum to this purified prostatic acid phosphatase isoenzyme is being prepared in animals. PMID- 48420 TI - A study of alpha1-fetoprotein levels during exposure to 3'-methyl-4 dimethylaminoazobenzene and its analogs. AB - The serum concentration of alpha1-fetoprotein (alpha1F) was determined in rats following exposure to the hepatocarcinogen, 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, and its analogs. Small quantities of the carcinogen caused a rapid and significant elevation of alpha1F. Neither 2-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene nor p-aminoazobenzene resulted in any elevation of alpha1F. Further, under circumstances wherein 2-methyl-4-dimeth-laminoazobenzene is reported to become carcinogenic, i.e., when administered at the time of 70 percent hepatectomy, neither elevation of alpha1F nor histological alteration of the liver was noted. The increase in alpha1F after 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene exposure is the result of a highly selective interaction. The possible contribution of hepatocyte mitosis to the elecation of alpha1F seen during chemical carcinogenesis is emphasized. PMID- 48421 TI - Induction of the polyamine-biosynthetic enzymes in mouse epidermis by tumor promoting agents. AB - A single topical application of 1.0 mg of crotol oil or 17 nmoles of 12-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) resulted in a rapid, transient stimulation of mouse epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity. The activity reached a peak (230-fold greater than control after TPA) at 4 to 5 hr after croton oil or TPA treatment and returned to control level by 12 hr. The stimulation of S-adenosyl-L methionine decarboxylase activity was less pronounced, reaching a peak of activity (6- to 7-fold greater than control) at 9 to 12 hr after TPA or croton oil and slowly declining to control level. The stimulation of both enzyme activities was dependent on the dose of TPA applied and correlated well with the promoting ability of these doses on mouse skin. Phorbol, the nonpromoting parent alcohol of TPA, did not affect the enzymes activities. Cycloheximide pretreatment abolished the increase in enzyme activities after TPA application. By measuring the decline of enzyme activity following cycloheximide treatment, enzyme half lives of 17 and 41 min were obtained for ornithine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase, respectively. 5-Azacytidine pretreatment prevented the stimulation of enzyme activities by TPA, while actinomycin D had no effect. Cordycepin (3' deoxyadenosine) partially blocked the rise in enzyme activities. PMID- 48422 TI - The binding of carcinoembryonic antigen by antibody and its fragments. AB - In order to assess the potency of antigenic fragments of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the radioimmune assay; it is necessary to know whether the high affinity of goat anti-CEA antibody (which makes possible the detection of as little as 10- 11M CEA) is due to bivalent binding of the CEA molecule. Immunoglobulin G and the F(ab')2 and Fab fragments derived from it were prepared from an anti-CEA serum and tested for their abioity to bind CEA. Equivalent concentrations of binding sites of the bivalent F(ab)2 and univalent Fab fragments of anti-CEA were identical to the immunoglobulin G fraction in the standard inhibition curve. Fragments of CEA obtained by trypsin digestion produced equivalent inhigition curves when tested with either immunoglobulin G, F(ab')2, or Fab". This, increased avidity due to bivalent binding to a single antigen molecule cannot be invoked to explain the sensitivity observed in the CEA assay. This high sensitivity implicates the protein rather than the carbohydrate as an important part of the antigenic determinant(s) of CEA. PMID- 48423 TI - [Mechanism of cystostatic effect of 5-azacytidine and its usefulness in clinic]. PMID- 48424 TI - An ultrastructural investigation of the spermatozoa of two ophiuroids, Ophiocoma echinata and Ophiocoma wendti: acrosomal morphology and reaction. AB - The spermatozoa of two closely related species of ophiuroids, Ophiocoma echinata and Ophiocoma wendti, were examined ultrastructurally. Morphologically, these spermatozoa resemble those of other non-echinoid echinoderms. The acrosomal complex, completely contained within an anterior fossa in the spherical nucleus, consists of a membrane-limited acrosomal vesicle and periacrosomal material. Events of the acrosomal reaction in O. echinata and O. wendti are presented. In both species, the reaction results in the establishment of an extracellular coat of acrosomal vesicle origin on the anterior surface of the spermatozoon. The possible role of this extracellular coat in the species-specific binding of sperm and ova is discusses. The origin of acrosomal tubule membrane is elucidated. PMID- 48426 TI - Ultrastructure of cell surface coat (glycocalyx) in rat urinary bladder epithelium. AB - Earlier statements to the contrary, the present study demonstrates the presence of a cell surface coat (glycocalyx) on the luminal plasma membrane of the superficial transitional epithelial cells lining the urinary bladder of male Buffalo rats. This coat was demonstrated with ruthenium red, an electron dense stain, which revealed a surface layer, 60-80 A thick, separated from the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane by an electron lucent layer, approximately 30 A thick. The structure of the glycocalyx was not affected by 12 weeks of treatment with dibutylnitrosamine, a known bladder carcinogen. PMID- 48425 TI - A quantitative electron microscopic analysis of the keratinizing epithelium of noral human hard palate. AB - The epithelium of normal human hard palate was subjected to sterologic analysis. Ten biosies were selected from a total of twenty specimens collected from 9 to 16 year old females, and processed for light- and electron microscopy. At two levels of magnification, electron micrographs were sampled from three strata (basale, spinosum, granulosum) in two locations (epithelial ridges and portions over connective tissue papillae). Stereologic point counting procedures were employed to analyse a total 1560 electron micrographs. In general, the thickness of the palate epithelium was 0.12 mm (over papillae) and 0.31 mm (in ridges), the epithelium is distinctly stratified, and homogeneously ortho-keratinized. From basal to granular layers, the composition of strata revealed decreasing densities of nuclei, mitochondria, membrane-bound organelles and aggregates of free ribosomes. Keratohyalin bodies and membrane coating granules increased, and cytoplasmic filaments with a constant diameter of about 85 A increased from 14 to 30% of cytoplasmic unit volume. The cytoplasmic ground substance occupied a stable 50% of the epithelial cytoplasm in all strata. The composition of basal layers in ridges differed from that over connective tissue papillae. The data are discussed in relation to the observations that (1) an increasing gradient of filament density is not the most characteristic feature of ortho-keratinizing oral epithelium and (2) differences in the degree of differentiation in cells of the stratum basale coincided with the comparable frequency distribution pattern of dividing cells. PMID- 48427 TI - The location of the genes coding for hexon and fiber proteins in adenovirus DNA. AB - A serological analysis has been made of the capsid antigens hexon and fiber from 17 Ad5-Ad2+ND1 recombinants that enables us to determine the phenotype of the recombinants. By correlation of this data with the genetic and physical maps of the adenovirus genome, obtained by recombination and restriction endonuclease analysis, the genes coding for the hexon and fiber have been assigned to specific locations on the adenovirus DNA. PMID- 48428 TI - [Prospective improvement of early screening of the neoplasms of mammary gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 48429 TI - [To the relation of parental attitudes to disorders of the development of child (author's transl)]. PMID- 48430 TI - [Angiographic examination in differential diagnostics of adenoma and carcinoma of prostate]. PMID- 48432 TI - Observations on blood viscosity changes after acute myocardial infarction. AB - Serial blood rheologic measurements were made in 25 patients with acute myocardial infarction; measurements included blood and plasma viscosities, hematological data and plasma protein concentrations. The blood viscosity was elevated on admission and for more than 21 days after acute myocardial infarction. However, the cause of the elevated viscosity was changed as a function of time after acute myocardial infarction. During the first three days after admission, the high blood viscosity was mainly attributable to high hematocrit values. Thereafter, the hematocrit fell, but blood viscosity remained high. High blood viscosity after the first three days of acute myocardial infarction can be correlated with increases in plasma viscosity and red cell aggregation, which in turn are explained by elevations of alpha 2 globulin and fibrinogen concentrations. Patients with higher blood viscosity on admission had a significantly higher incidence of complications, i.e., shock, thromboembolism and left ventricular failure. PMID- 48431 TI - Malignant hypertension due to musculo-mucoid intimal hyperplasia of intrarenal arteries. Absence of renal fibrinoid necrosis. AB - Severe essential hypertension in a subset of American black subjects is associated with marked stenosis of interlobular arteries and arterioles of the kidneys, observed by renal biopsy and binephrectomy specimens. The interlobular arterial stenosis is caused by marked thickening of the intima due mainly to the presence of smooth muscle cells, basement membrane material, and acid mucopolysaccharide. Because of this makeup, we propose the term "musculo-mucoid intimal hyperplasia" for this lesion. The media of these arteries appears maximally dilated, and by electron microscope displays degenerative changes of the smooth muscle cells. The arterioles are thickened, due mainly to hyalinization, but also due to the musculo-mucoid change (onionskin effect). The smooth muscle cells are degenerated and atrophic. These patients do not exhibit fibrinoid necrosis of the arteries, arterioles, and glomeruli, presumably because of the rapidity of the development of the arterial stenotic lesion. Accordingly, the glomeruli are destroyed by ischemia, and there is no evidence of glomerulitis (no "Kombinations" form of Fahr). A unifying hypothesis concerning renal hypertensive arterial disease is suggested by these studies. This hypothesis places the main emphasis for all the morphological expressions of the intrinsic visceral vasculature on changes involving the main functional unit of the vessel wall, the medical smooth muscle. PMID- 48433 TI - Echocardiography of the intra-atrial baffle in dextro-transposition of the great vessels. AB - Twelve patients with dextro-transposition of the great vessels (age eight months to four years) were studied by echocardiography following Mustard's procedure. Nine of them had also been studied preoperatively. Postoperatively all patients demonstrated structural echoes in the atrial cavity behind the pulmonary root. In ten, the motion pattern generally resembled that of a stenotic atrioventricular valve iwth a sharp anterior movement followed by flattening in diastole and rapid posterior excursion in systole. The maximum amplitude of motion ranged from 4 to 9 mm (average 6.6 mm). In the remaining two cases, the anterior diastolic movement was attenuated. Similar moving, linear echoes with larger amplitudes of motion (10-14 mm) were observed behind the tricuspid valve in four patients while poorly moving, multiple or thick conglomerate echoes (2-11 mm wide) were detected in seven cases. Echocardiographic contrast studies performed by injecting indocyanine green via catheters placed on either side of the intra-atrial baffle identified it as the source of these echoes. Following operation, coarse diastolic undulations of the mitral valve (ten cases) and the tricuspid valve (nine cases) were noted. Also, fine flutter of both atrioventricular valves, not present before, appeared after operation in three patients. These findings may be related to the altered pathway of blood flow and turbulence resulting from the insertion of the baffle in the atria. Echocardiography appears useful in delineating the character and movement pattern of the intra-atrial baffle and this may have potential in evaluating its long-term functional status. PMID- 48434 TI - Anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery. Report on 15 cases. AB - Fifteen infants and children with the diagnosis of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk have been encountered at the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts from 1958 to 1973. After thorough clinical and laboratory evaluation, they have been treated by anticongestive measures. Nine patients have had ligation of the anomalous left coronary artery at its entrance into the pulmonary artery; one patient has undergone coronary bypass surgery. The lelctrocardiogram proved to be the most helpful diagnostic clinical laboratory test, Vectorcardiograms are valuable not only in diagnosis but also in the follow up of the patients from the prognostic point of view. The most sensitive tool for the definitive diagnosis is an aortic rool angiogram; we have no false negatives or false positives with this method. The twelve patients with complete cardiac catheterization data could be divided into three groups, according to the pressure and magnitude of the left-to-right shunt at the pulmonary level. All patients with an appreciable le?T-TO-RIGHT SHUNT SURVIVED. Patients in whom no left-to-right shunt could be demonstrated by angiography died. Half of the patients with only small left-to-right shunt survived; The results of surgical and medical treatment, were identical within the three groups. Medical management in infancy, according to coronary care principles, with definitive surgical correction at a later age, is the preferred treatment. Ligation of the anomalous left coronary artery is recommended in severely symptomatic infants with documented left-to-right shunt at the pulmonary artery level, who do not respond to medical management. PMID- 48435 TI - Cardiac involvement in Whipple's disease. AB - Although cardiac involvement in Whipple's disease has been reported previously, the extent and significance of such involvement has not been stressed. In our series of 19 patients, 58% had clinical cardiac findings and 79% had gross cardiac lesions at autopsy. Histologically there were PAS-positive macrophages in the pericardium, myocardium, and valves of each of these patients. These collections of macrophages were associated with chronic inflammatory cells and foci of fibrosis with resultant adhesive pericarditis, focal myocardial fibrosis similar to the fibrosis of idiopathic cardiomyopathy, and valvular fibrosis with deformity grossly resembling the valvular lesions of chronic rheumatic heart disease. Four of the patients with mitral valvular deformity had cardiac murmurs, and ECG changes were noted in six patients with mitral myocardial fibrosis. In addition, pericardial friction rubs were heard in two patients. By electron microscopy rod-shaped bodies, presumably bacteria, were noted in the mitral valve and myocardium. The structures are identical to those described in the small intestinal mucosa of patients with Whipple's disease and presumably are the causative agent of the pancardiopathy. PMID- 48436 TI - Relative usefulness of measuring polyamines in serum, plasma, and urine as biochemical markers of cancer. AB - Serial samples of plasma and serum were collected in the morning and afternoon from cancer patients, along with 24-h urine specimens. Values for serum and plasma samples taken at the same time from the same patient differed little, suggesting that either procedure is acceptable for polyamine analysis. Increases in concentrations of putrescine and spermidine in serum and plasma correlate well with such increases in 24-h urine samples. Spermidine concentrations in sera were consistently about 10-fold lower than corresponding urine values. Putrescine concentrations were 10- to 100-fold different. The variation in putrescine values may be due to its more active metabolism by diamine oxidase, an enzyme known to be present in serum. Concentrations of polyamines in serum and urine increased in response to effective chemotherapy. PMID- 48437 TI - Serum triiodothyronine 7-15 years after fractionated low dose radioiodine therapy of thyrotoxicosis. AB - In 189 of 334 patients, who had been treated with fractionated doses of radioiodine for Graves' disease 7-15 years ago, the serum concentrations of triiodothyronine have been estimated in additition to the following parameters: Protein bound 127-iodine (PB-127-I), free thyroxine index, cholesterol- and TSH level in serum, tendon reflex time and clinical index according to Billewitz et al. (1969). In forty-one of the 189 sera the free T4 (AFT4) and free T3 (AFT3) concentrations were measured as well. The following hormonal and clinical patterns were observed: (1) Euthyroidism, with all parameters within the normal range in 148 patients (equals 78-4%). (2) Hypothyroidism with low serum T3, PBI, AFT4, AFT3 and elevated TSH six subjects (equals 3-2%). (3) Persistent hyperthyroidism with increased thyroid hormone concentrations and low TSH in seven cases (equals 3-7%). (4) In twenty-eight clinically euthyroid patients (equals 14-8%) TSH was elevated with normal PBI and AFT4. Twenty of these subjects had a low normal T3 and in nine the T3 was clearly in the hypothyroid range (40 plus or minus 12 mug/dl). (5) The constellation of normal T3, low T4 and elevated TSH, which has been frequently found after radioiodine therapy, has been seen in only moderate form in ten cases. PMID- 48439 TI - Alpha fetoprotein levels in maternal serum and in amniotic fluid from early normal pregnancies. AB - Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) was determined in serum from 241 women in the 8th to 43rd week of gestation by quantitative radioimmunoelectrophoresis, and in 103 amniotic fluid samples from the first half of pregnancy by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Both serum and amniotic fluid samples were obtained from a larger material, but samples were included only from pregnant women whose infants were normal at birth. The 90% normal AFP range was calculated both for maternal serum and for amniotic fluid. PMID- 48438 TI - Amniotic fluid alphafetoprotein measurements in the early prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system disorders. AB - Amniotic fluid alphafetoprotein (AFP) has been measured in 520 pregnancies between 8 and 24 weeks of gestation. The normal range of values has been defined for fortnightly periods between these limits. Grossly elevated AFP concentrations were found in four pregnancies leading to spina bifida and nine pregnancies leading to anencephaly. Slightly elevated AFP concentrations were found in one twin pregnancy and two pregnancies affected by rhesus isoimmunisation. Normal AFP values were observed in 36 amniotic fluids from pregnancies where the outcome was rhesus isoimmunisation, an inborn error of metabolism, a cytogenetic disorder or a birth defect unrelated to the central nervous system. The reliability of amniotic fluid AFP in the early prenatal diagnosis of spina bifida and anencephaly and the possibility of performing assays on samples sent by post from any part of the world are emphasized. PMID- 48440 TI - Elevated levels of alfa fetoprotein in maternal serum and amniotic fluid in two cases of spina bifida. AB - Therapeutic abortions were performed in two cases of spina bifida which were diagnosed by determination of the lafa fetoprotein levels in the amniotic fluid and maternal serum. PMID- 48441 TI - Synovial fluid analysis. AB - Synovial fluid analysis plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of various forms of arthritis. The results of macroscopic, biochemical, bacteriological, and microscopic techniques of evaluating synovial fluid must be correlated to establish the diagnosis of each of the various forms of arthritis. The principle of polarized microscopy as applied to the differential diagnosis of crystalline arthritis is currently of special interest. PMID- 48442 TI - The effect of short-term immobilization on the rabbit knee joint cartilage. A histochemical study. AB - Rabbit knee joints were immobilized in the extended position for 1 to 6 days, and examined by means of histochemical techniques. In the articular cartilage matrix, the earliest change was the loss of affinity for metachromatic stains, confirming earlier observations. The affinity of cartilage for high iron diamine and alcian blue stains was also diminished, although less dramatically; these stains demonstrated the concentration of glycosaminoglycans more accurately than metachromatic stains. With the colloidal iron method, changes were seen in the chondrocytes before there was any loss of affinity for metachromatic stains. Following only 1 or 2 days of immobilization, the chondrocytes in the gliding surface of the joint stained intensely with colloidal iron whereas those in the controls stained very minimally. PMID- 48443 TI - Morphological and biochemical studies during differentiation and calcification of fracture callus cartilage. AB - Differentiation and calcification of cartilage of a fracture callus morphologically, ultrastructurally, and histochemically resembles cartilage of growing epiphyseal plate. The fracture callus includes the various cartilage cell types found in the epiphyseal plate. Proliferating and hypertrophic cartilage had higher activities of cytochrome oxidase, alkaline phosphatase and glutamate aspartate transaminase than fibrocartilage. Enzymes controlling glycogen synthesis and glycolysis had higher levels of activity in fibrocartilage than in hypertrophic cartilage. Lysosomal enzymes, catalase, 6-phospho-gluconic acid and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase were uniformly distributed. Alkaline phosphatase was associated with extracellular vesicles found in hypertrophic cartilage. EM dense granules were found in mitochondria in hypertrophic cartilage. There was an increase of total lipids in hypertropic and calcified cartilage as compared to resting cartilage. PMID- 48444 TI - Dihydrotachysterol-induced aortic calcification. A histochemical and ultrastructural investigation. AB - Early dihydrotachysterol-induced calcification of the rat aorta occurs in elastic lamellae. The first deposition of inorganic substance leads to the formation of very thin filament-like structures of low electron density. The characteristic shape of these structures suggests that they could correspond to calcified filamentous components of the elastic tissue. When calcification spreads from the calcified elastic lamellae into the adjacent tissue, the inorganic substance is initially collected in roundish structures, probably of cellular origin, and is successively laid down in the entire matrix of the aortic wall, including collagen fibrils. All the calcified areas contain glycoproteins and acid proteoglycans. A cartilage-like tissue often develops near calcified areas. Its fine structure is very similar to that of the normal hyaline cartilage. It can be calcified, but usually the inorganic substance is not crystalline as it is in normal cartilage. It seems to consist of very small, linearly aggregated inorganic granules which form irregular structures. These seem to develop in close relationship with the fibrillar, probably collagenic, network of the matrix. No ultrastructural findings have been obtained for explaining cartilage induction near calcified areas of the aortic wall. It is possible that cartilage differentiation is regulated by diffusible substances which cannot be recognized under the electron microscope. PMID- 48446 TI - Development of pain appreciation after thalamotomy. PMID- 48445 TI - [Clinical trial of a new analgesic and antispastic drug combination]. PMID- 48447 TI - Cryopreservation of human granulocytes. PMID- 48448 TI - Identical giemsa banding patterns of two macaca species: Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis. A densitometric study. AB - Karyotypes of Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis (2n equals 42) were compared using the Giemsa banding pattern technique. No differences between the chromosomes of both Macaca species were found with conventional staining methods. In the literature the occurrence of fertile hybrids is used as an argument in favor of conspecificity. The banding patterns were evaluated by comparison of their density distribution curves. Our data indicated no significant differences between the two Macaca species. PMID- 48449 TI - Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining of Drosophila chromosomes. AB - Metaphase chromosomes of D. melanogaster, D. virilis and D. eopydei were sequentilly stained with quinacrine, 33258 Hoechst and Giemsa and photographed after each step. Hoechst stained chromosomes fluoresced much brighter and with different banding patterns than quinacrine stained ones. In contrast to mammalian chromosomes, Drosophia's quinacrine and Hoechst bright bands are all in centric heterochromatin and the banding patterns seem more taxonomically divergent than external morphological characteristics. Hoechst stained D. melanogaster chromosomes show unprecedented longitudinal differentiation by the heterochromatic regions; each arm of each autosome can be unambiguously identified and the Y shows eleven bright bands. The Hoechst stained Y can also be identified in polytene chromocenters. Centric alpha heterochromatin of each D. virilis autosome is composed of two blocks which can be differtiated by a combination of quinacrine and Hoechst staining. The distal block is always Q-H- while the proximal block is, for the various autosomes, either Q-H-, Q+H- or Q+H+. With these permutations of Hoechst and quinacrine staining, D. virilis autosomes can be unambiguously distinguished. The X and two autosomes have H+ heterochromatin which can easily be seen in polytene and interphase nuclei where it seems to aggregate and exclude H- heterochromatin. This affinity of fluorochrome similar heterochromatin was been seen in colcemide induced multiple somatic non-disjunctions where H+ chromosomes were distributed to one rosette and H- chromosomes were distributed to another. Knowing the base composition and base sequences of Drosophila satellites, we conclude that AT richness may be necessary but is certainly an insufficient requirement for quinacrine bright chromatin while GC richness may be a sufficient requirement for the absence of quinacrine or Hoechst brightness. Condensed euchromatin is almost as bright as Q+ heterochromatin. While chromatin condensation has little effect on Hoechst staining, it appears to be "the most important factor responsible for quinacrine brightness.' All existing data from D. virilis indicate that each fluorochrome distinct block of alpha heterochromatin may contain a single a single DNA molecule which is one heptanucleotide repeated two million times. PMID- 48450 TI - Location of nucleolar organizers in animal and plant chromosomes by means of an improved N-banding technique. AB - With an improved N-banding technique, the location of nucleolar organizing region was determined in 27 kinds of material including mammals, a marsupial, birds, amphibians, fishes, an insect and plants. In most cases the N-bands were clearly located on certain specific regions of chromosomes, such as the secondary constriction, satellite, centromere, telomere and heterochromatic segment, while in some species they were detected as very minute bodies distributed over many chromosomes. From the available cytological and biochemical data it was suggested that the N-bands represent certain structural non-histone proteins specifically linked to nucleolar organizers in various eukaryotic chromosomes. PMID- 48451 TI - Homologous bands on the long arms of the X and Y chromosomes of Anopheles atroparvus. AB - The long arms of the X and Y chromosomes of the mosquito Anopheles atroparvus (2n equals 6) are equal in length, synchronous in their late DNA replication and have homologous G AND Q bands. This indicates that differentiation of the two sex chromosomes was the consequence of a single deletion of an autosome to give the Y chromosome, not followed by the acquisition of differential heterochromatic blocks. PMID- 48452 TI - Comparison of G-, Q- and EM-banding patterns exhibited by the chromosome complement of the Indian muntjac, Muntiacus muntjak, with reference to nuclear DNA content and chromatin ultrastructure. AB - When the chromosomes of the Indian muntjac, Muntiacus muntjak, were compared following treatment with two presently used banding methods, trypsin-Giemsa (G) and quinacrine-hydrochloride (Q) with structural bands as seen in the electron microscope, definite correlations were observed with respect to the numbers and positions of individual bands. - Weights obtained for the individual chromosomes were: No. 1, 9.98 pg; No. 2, 4.10 pg; No. 3, 4.43 pg; No. 3-X, 5.05 pg; and Y, 0.55 pg. Average diameters and weights for individual fibers were 193 A and 8.74 times 10-16 g/micron, respectively, for stimulated metaphase chromosomes and 185 A and 8.73 times 10-16 g/micron, respectively, for unstimulated chromosomes. Fibers of interphase nuclei exhibited an average diameter of 191 A and a weight of 5.87 times 10-16 g/micron. - The total amound of nuclear DNA present in interphase nuclei was 3.88 pg. PMID- 48453 TI - Chromosome banding pattern conservatism in birds and nonhomology of chromosome banding patterns between birds, turtles, snakes and amphibians. AB - The G-banded karyotypes of 4 species of birds representing the orders Galliformes, Columbiformes and Musophagiformes were compared. Banding pattern homology between orders was limited t 5o 5 major chromosome arms and the Z chromosome. Even in these major chromosome arms pericentric and paracentric inversions produced alteration of the banding pattern sequences. Addition of constitutive heterochromatin was responsible for changes in banding patterns in the Z chromosome. The chromosome banding patterns of an emydid turtle, Terrepene carolina, 5 species of boid snakes of the genera Liasis, Acrantophis, and Sanzinia and the African clawed-frog. Xenopus muelleri, were also compared to the bird chromosome banding patterns. No homology was observed between any of these major groups: bird, snake, turtle, amphibian. However, intergroup homology was apparent. - The data obtained do not support reports of broad interordinal direct homology of the macrochromosomes of birds and refutes the idea of a primitive bird karyotype with 3 pairs of "Agroup' chromosomes and 3 pairs of "B group' chromosomes. - The major mechanisms responsible for chromosome evolution in birds appear to be centric and tandem fusions, paracentric and pericentric inversions, and addition or deletion of heterochromatin. PMID- 48454 TI - Mechanisms of chromosome banding. IV. Optical properties of the Giemsa dyes. AB - A thorough understanding of the mechanisms of R-, C- and G-banding will come only from studies of the binding of Giemsa dyes to isolated and characterized preparations of heterochromatin and euchromatin. Since such studies require an exact knowledge of the optical characteristics of Giemsa, the spectral absorption curves and extinction coefficients of Giemsa and its component dyes at various concentrations in the presence and absence of DNA were determined. - Although Giemsa is a complex mixture of thiazin dyes plus eosin; methylene blue, and azure A, B or C alone gave good banding. Thionin, with no methyl groups, gave poor or no banding. Eosin was not necessary component for banding. - The most striking characteristic of the thiazin dyes is that they are strongly metachromatic, i.e., their absorption spectra and extinction coefficients change as the concentration of the dye increases or as they bind to positively charged compounds (chromotropes). These changes, especially for methylene blue, are described in detail and allow a distinction between concentration dependent binding to DNA by intercalation and binding by side stacking. PMID- 48456 TI - [Nursing of a patient following reduction plastic surgery for breast hypertrophy]. PMID- 48457 TI - [Recurrent ventricular fibrillation (author's transl)]. AB - 106 episodes of ventricular fibrillation were observed in 11 patients, 9 of whom had acute myocardial infarctions. The heart rate before the onset of ventricular fibrillation was below 50 in two episodes, 60 to 100 in 63, and above 100 in 41. 83 attacks of ventricular fibrillation were preceded by fewer than five ventricular premature beats, 23 by more than five, 19 by more than ten. Multifocal ventricular premature beats occurred ten times, runs of ventricular premature beats 11 times, with only three falling into the vulnerable period. Left bundle branch block was present in three patients, right bundle branch block with left anterior hemiblock in two, isolated left anterior hemiblock in two, left posterior hemiblock in one. 85 episodes of ventricular fibrillation occurred during antiarrhythmic treatment, 72 during lidocaine administration. Antiarrhythmic drugs were effective only in reducing the number of ventricular premature beats. The only successful treatment of recurrent episodes of ventricular fibrillation was repeated electrical countershocks. PMID- 48455 TI - Mechanisms of chromosome banding. V. Quinacrine banding. AB - A series of biochemical investigations were undertaken to determine the mechanism of Q-banding. The results were as follows: 1. In agreement with previous studies, highly AT-rich DNA, such as poly(dA)-poly(dT), markedly enhanced quinacrine fluorescence while GC containing DNA quenched fluorescence. These effects persisted at DNA concentrations comparable to those in the metaphase chromosome. 2. Studies of quinacrine-DNA complexes in regard to the hypochromism of quanacrine, DNA Tm, DNA viscosity, and equilibrium dialysis, indicated the quinacrine was bound be intercalation with relatively little sid binding. 3. Single or double stranded nucleotide polymers, in the form of complete or partial helices, were 1000-fold more effective in quenching than solutions of single nucleotides, suggesting that base stacking is required for quenching. 4. Studies of polymers in the A conformation, such as transfer RNA and DNA-RNA hybrids, indicated that marked base tilting does not affect the ability of nuclei acids to cause quenching or enhancement of quinacrine fluorescence. 5. Salts inhibit the binding of quinacrine to DNA. 6. Spermine, polylysine and polyarginine, which bind in the small groove of DNA, inhibited quinacrine binding and quenching, while histones, which probably bind in the large groove, had little effect. This correlated with the observation that removal of histones with acid has no effect on Q-banding. 7. Mouse liver chromatin was separated into five fractions. At concentrations of quinacrine from 2 times 10-6 to 2 times 10-5 M all fractions inhibited to varying degrees the ability of the chromatin DNA to bind quinacrine and quench quinacrine fluorescence. At saturating levels of quinacrine two fractions, the 400 g pellet (rich in heterochromatin) and a dispersed euchromatin supernatant fraction, showed a decreased number of binding sites for quinacrine. These two fractions were also the richest in non-histone proteins. 8. DNA isolated from the different fractions all showed identical quenching of quinacrine fluorescenc. 9. Mouse GC-rich, mid-band, AT-rich, and satellite DNA, isolated by CsCL AND Cs-2SO-4-Ag+ centrifugation all showed identical quenching of quinacrine fluorescence, indicating that within a given organism, except for very AT or GC-rich satellites, the variation in base composition is not adequate to explain Q-banding. We interpret these results to indicate that: (a) quinacrine binds to chromatin by intercalation of the three planar rings with the large group at position 9 lying in the small groove of DNA, (b) most pale staining regions are due to a decrease binding of quinacrine, and (c) this inhibition of binding is predominately due to non-histone proteins. PMID- 48458 TI - [Limits of surgical therapy in bronchial carcinoma]. PMID- 48459 TI - [New chemotherapy (adriamycin, belomycin and vincristin) of metastasizing malignant testicular teratoma (author's transl)]. AB - In a prospective study 18 patients with metastasizing testicular teratomas were treated with adriamycin, bleomycin and vincristin. Sixteen could be fully evaluated: 12 in stage IV (visceral metastases), three in stage III (lymphondular involvement beyond the diaphragm) and one with advanced stage II (iliac, para aortic and inguinal nodes). None of the patients had previously received chemotherapy. Toxic side-effects were not severe enough to prevent 12 patients from being treated on an outpatient basis. Complete remission occurred in five, with four of them still in remission two, eight, ten and eleven months later. Partial remission (50% decrease in tumour size for at least four weeks) occurred in three, with one still improving. No change was noted for 11 months in a patient with advanced pulmonary disease. Progression under therapy occurred in seven patients and in some of them there was an initial response which did not, however, meet the criteria of partial remission. The therapeutic results as well as toxicity suggest that this regime is superior to actinomycin D montherapy and various previously used combinations. PMID- 48460 TI - Herpes zoster-varicella infection in malignant lymphomas. Influence of splenectomy and intensive treatment. PMID- 48461 TI - The specificity of cellular immune reactions to three DNA virus induced tumours, as measured by the macrophage migration inhibition test. PMID- 48462 TI - Differential nuclear fluorescence during the cell cycle. PMID- 48464 TI - The location of four human satellite DNAs on human chromosomes. PMID- 48463 TI - Chromosomal localisation of DNA sequences in condensed and dispersed human chromatin. PMID- 48465 TI - Differential uptake of protein into the chick nuclei of HeLa times chick erythrocyte heterokaryons. PMID- 48466 TI - The metaphase chromosome ultrastructure. I. Acute angle metal deposition technique as an appropriate use of shadow casting in chromosome structure investigation. PMID- 48467 TI - Studies on the structure-fluorescence relationships of chromatin-bound 9-amino acridine derivatives. PMID- 48468 TI - A comparative study of four cytochemical detection methods of concanavalin A binding sites on the cell membrane. PMID- 48470 TI - Low level absorption microscope image analysis. PMID- 48469 TI - Quantitative cytochemical aspects of a combined feulgen-naphthol yellow S staining procedure for the simultaneous determination of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins and DNA in mammalian cells. PMID- 48471 TI - Arrangement of spindle apparatus in mitoses of different ploidy. PMID- 48472 TI - Hydroxyurea: morphological effects on the macronucleus of Tetrahymena. PMID- 48473 TI - TV-based analysis of Giemsa-banded chromosomes. PMID- 48474 TI - Progressive dendritic changes in aging human cortex. PMID- 48475 TI - Inhibition of axonal transport in nerves chronically treated with local anesthetics. PMID- 48476 TI - Increased axoplasmic flow in experimental ischemic myopathy. PMID- 48477 TI - Affinity chromatography of human, rat and mouse alpha-fetoprotein on estradiol sepharose adsorbents. PMID- 48478 TI - Effect of ionophores and temperature on intralysosomal pH. PMID- 48479 TI - Axonal transport and the use of intracellular markers in neuroanatomical investigations. PMID- 48480 TI - Tracing neuronal connections with radioisotopes applied extracellularly. AB - Methodological and technical problems of the autoradiographic-neuroanatomical tracing (ARNT) technique are discussed. The size of the labeled area after a tritiated amino acid injection varies directly with the volume of isotope, the rate of injection, and the length of exposure of the secretion to the emulsion. Frozen sections can be used for autoradiography if they are mounted on subbed slides, dehydrated in ethanol, defatted for 1 hour in xylene, rehydrated through ethanol and water, and dried before coating with emulsion. Brushes used for mounting frozen sections should be used only for this purpose and dipped in boiling distilled water before use to avoid chemoreduced streaks in the emulsion due to contamination from the brushes. Excessive dilution of Kodak emulsion can leave less than a monolayer of grains over certain types of sections; the emulsion thickness should be checked by exposing coated test sections to a brief flash of light and developing immediately. A high intensity safelight recommended for the ARNT darkroom is the Thomas Duplex Super monochromatic sodium vapor bulb safelight; for Kodak NTB-2, -3 and Ilford L4 emulsions the red-banded and yellow banded filters are used. A useful stain combination for ARNT is Luxol fast blue stained before coating and cresyl violet stained after developing which demonstrates both neuronal cell bodies and myelinated tracts in the same section. PMID- 48481 TI - Intracellular dye techniques for neurobiology. PMID- 48482 TI - The retrograde transport method. AB - After an injection of horseradish peroxidase into the brain, the enzyme product can later be found in cell bodies of neurons which project axons to the injection site. The use of the tracer has now been adapted as a means of identifying neurons on the basis of their efferent fiber projections. In this review particular attention is paid to characteristics of the phenomenon of retrograde transport, such as diffusion of the marker from the injection site and the region of effective uptake, uptake by injured axons of passage as well as by axon terminals and the preterminal portions of axons, and the anterograde movement of peroxidase. The retrograde transport method is compared to the previously available method of retrograde cell degeneration and the advantages and limitations of both techniques are considered. PMID- 48483 TI - Macrophage activation by lymphocyte mediators. PMID- 48484 TI - Detection and localization of specific antigens in the reproductive tracts of cycling, pregnant, and ovariectomized hamsters. AB - A systematic search was made for components specific to the female reproductive tract in golden hamsters. Antisera produced in rabbits against saline homogenates of hamster uteri (collected on the night of estrus) cross-reacted extensively with extracts of 12 other tissues in agar gel double-diffusion assays. Absorption of the antisera with small intestine, lung, and liver rendered the immune sera specific for uterine and oviductal antigens (within the limits of the sensitivity of the precipitin assays). Immunoelectrophoretic analysis resolved 12 uterine antigens, many of which were similar to components in several other tissues. Absorbed antisera specific for reproductive tract antigens formed one postalbumin arc with uterine and oviductal extracts in immunoelectrophoretic studies. No reactions were detected between specific antisera and five other organ extracts or plasma. An indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique was used to detect changes in the distribution of specific antigens in reproductive tracts of cycling, pregnant, and ovariectomized hamsters. The gamma-globulin fraction of anti-uterus sera (absorbed with small intestine, lung, and liver), shown to be specific for reproductive tract tissues in precipitin tests, was used to localize antigens. Appropriate controls indicated that the fluorescence observed was due to antigen-antibody interactions. During the cycle, specific antigens were usually confined to the ampullary lamina propria, except during estrus, when they were prominent in the lamina propria and luminal epithelium of the ampula. Specific antigens were never abundant in the isthmus of nonpregnant hamsters. On day 1 postcoitum, the components were found throughout the ampullary and isthmic regions. By day 2 postcoitum, ampullary antigens were usually confined to the lamina propria. The specific components were not prominent in the oviduct on day 3 postcoitum, but were conspicuous in both ampulla and isthmus on day 4. Specific antigens in the uterus were confined to endometrial glands in nonpregnant animals during proestrus, estrus, and (occasionally) metestrus. Diestrous uteri contained no specific antigens. During the first 2 days of pregnancy, antigens were not abundant and were usually confined to the glands and stroma. On days 3 and 4 of pregnancy the specific antigens were prominent in the endometrial glands and stroma and along the apical borders of some luminal epithelial cells. By day 5, these components were less conspicuous in all areas of the endometrium. Uteri of spayed animals receiving no hormones or estradiol alone lacked the specific antigens. However, progesterone (after estrogen priming) promoted the appearance of these components, and the distribution resembled that seen in uteri of 3- and 4-day pregnant animals. PMID- 48485 TI - NS-4 (nervous system antigen-4), a cell surface antigen of developing and adult mouse brain and sperm. PMID- 48486 TI - Progestogen-induced diabetes in the dog. AB - The development of diabetes in a small percentage of female beagles receiving large doses of synthetic progestogen for one year is described. The abnormalities in blood sugar and plasma insulin responses to oral glucose arising during induction of diabetes are presented. After a two-year period of diabetes, two animals were examined histologically. Lesions in the kidney and retina, similar to early lesions associated with human diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy, were present. Histologic changes related to the diabetes were also seen in the pancreas and pituitary. The means of induction of the diabetes is discussed. The study supports the view that the dog is a useful species in which to study the long-term pathology of diabetes, PMID- 48487 TI - HL-A system and diabetes mellitus. AB - HL-A antigens were determined in 100 patients with diabetes mellitus. When the data are combined with that from other studies, there is a definite positive association of acute-onset juvenile diabetes mellitus with HL-A8 and W15. Four families are described in which two or more members with this type of diabetes are present, and in each family, affected individuals share a haplotype including HL-A8 or W15. These findings are consistent with the possible role of immune response genes in the HL-A chromosomal region which might control the immune response to virus infections capable of producing islet cell damage. PMID- 48488 TI - Making meals and patients match. PMID- 48489 TI - [Alpha-1 fetoprotein in maternal serum (author's transl)]. AB - Serum alpha-1 fetoprotein (AFP) had been determined by radioimmunoassay in 578 patients. During normal pregnancy the AFP concentration increases continuously till 32nd week of pregnancy while thereafter a decrease has been observed. Values of AFP which were found beyond standard deviation indicate fetal distress. Further studies will contribute to the significance of AFP for monitoring normal pregnancies, determination of gestational age and diagnosis of fetal distress in cases of high risk pregnancies. PMID- 48490 TI - Variations in thyroid activity and respiratory rate during a 24-hr period and role of testosterone and thyroxine on the oxidative metabolism of the water snake, Natrix piscator. PMID- 48491 TI - Comparative studies of thyroid function in mammals. PMID- 48492 TI - Serum antigens of cattle. IV. Immunogenetics of a soluble antigenic determinant derived from lysed erythrocytes. AB - This paper describes an allotypic system in cattle called Ec (Erythrocyte cattle). The antigenic determinant is derived from red cells and is detected in lysates by gel precipitation with alloimmune serum. The Ecl specificity is controlled by an autosomal dominant gene and occurs with variable frequencies in different cattle breeds. The Ec system is a very useful genetic marker because the homozygous and heterozygous genotypes show a dosage effect and can be distinguished by the size of the precipitin rings in double diffusion gel precipitation tests. PMID- 48493 TI - Liver function. PMID- 48494 TI - On the geographical distribution of pseudocholinesterase variants. AB - The incidence of pseudocholinesterase (PCHE equals E.C. 3.1.1.8) variants in samples of 8 different population (total of 2218 individuals) is reported. Together with previously mentioned data from the literature, a general survey on the geographical distribution of PCHE isoenzymes is given. Possible reasons for present-day heterogeneity of their distribution are also discussed. Concerning the incidence of the C5 variant, it is pointed out that the validity of applying population genetic models depends upon the accuracy of the genetic basis. PMID- 48495 TI - The value of fluorescence markers in the distinction between maternal and fetal chromosomes. AB - Selected fluorescence markers of chromosomes were studied in 50 paired samples of cells obtained by culture of amniocentesis material and by culture of leukocytes from pregnant women. Comparative analyses showed that this method is of great value in disclosing admixture of maternal cells to material obtained by amniocentesis, as a minimum of 2 fluorescence marker differences between mother and fetus was found in the present material. The distribution of markers in mother/fetus pairs is in agreement with the assumption of genetic determination. Variation was observed between populations with respect to the frequency of the markers studied. PMID- 48496 TI - Observations on specific giemsa staining of the Y and on selective oil destaining of the chromosomes. AB - The human Y chromosome can be differentially stained with Giemsa using simple procedures. This phenomenon is strikingly to that observed with quinacrine fluorescence. The specific Giemsa-Y stain may be selectively removed by the action of an oil. The same oil, under certain conditions, selectively removes Giemsa stain from all chromosomes, resulting in R- and T-banding patterns. These bands, which are obtained through subtraction of dye from Giemsa-stained chromosomes, allow slides to be further processed. PMID- 48497 TI - Interaction of the hinge region of human immunoglobulin G with a murine lymphocyte membrane receptor. Relevance to the problem of antiglobulin induction in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Evidence is presented which indicates the presence on murine lymphocytes of a membrane receptor for determinants on the hinge region of human IgG. These determinants are exposed following pepsin scission of IgG molecule, i.e. on the F(ab')2 fragment. The evidence for a hinge receptor derives, in vivo, from splenic localization of F(ab')2 in germinal centres and, in vitro, from immunofluorescent binding studies. The sequential immunofluorescent pattern for the uptake of human F(ab)2 fragments into murine spleen germinal centres was identical with that previously observed for heat-aggregated human IgG, but F(ab')2 fragments appeared to be retained in the germinal centres for a shorter time than aggregated IgG. Experiments with nude mice and T cell-deprived mice showed that the localization of F(ab')2 fragments does not require T cells. Competition experiments suggest that the receptor for F(ab')2 may bear little relation to the receptor for aggregated IgG. The relevance of such a lymphocyte membrane receptor to the immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis is discussed in the light of previous findings that a proportion of the serum IgG of patients with rheumatoid arthritis has a structural anomaly compared with control IgG, characterized exposure of new determinants at the hinge region. PMID- 48499 TI - Development of surface immunoglobulins in the chicken. AB - B-cell maturation in the chicken has been evaluated by the appearance of membrane immunoglobulins on cells in the spleen, the thymus, the bursa and the bone marrow during enbryonic development and shortly after hatching. The majority of the bursa cells acquire demonstrable membrane immunoglobulin between days 16 and 18 of incubational age and show significantly increased amounts of membrane immunoglobulin between days 18 and 20, even though immunoglobulin-bearing cells can be found in the bursa as early as day 14 of enbryonic age. The spleen shows cells possessing immunoglobulin receptors can their membranes (Ig+) only after the bursa cells have reached full membrane immunoglobulin maturation as reflected in the number of Ig+ cells and the amounts of membrane immunoglobuline. The thymus is practically devoid of Ig+ cells in the embry and it is not clear whether there any Ig-+ cells in the bone marrow. There are two phenomena which stand out in the observations. One is that there appears to be a gradual increase in the quantity of quality of the surface immunoglobulins on individual cells with advance in the embryonic development as reflected in the gradual increase in the staining intensity. The other is that there appears to be a polar distribution of membrane immunoglobulin in some cells especially in younger embryos. This polar distribution is seen under conditions where immunoglobulin capping is prevented by inhibitors and where immunoglobulin capping is impossible, such as with monomeric Fab. Immunoglobulin capping has been found to occur readily in embryonic cells and under conditions which would normally inhibit capping in adult cells. PMID- 48498 TI - Surface immunoglobulin of guinea-pig leukaemic lymphocytes. AB - The surface immunoglobulin of the transplantable L2C leukaemia of strain 2 guinea pigs has been investigated. The immunoglobulin is seen to be synthesized when the cells are maintained in culture, indicating its intrinsic origin. Immunolabelling of the cell surface and immunochemical study of the Fab released by limited surface proteolysis indicate the presence of immunoglobulin of class IgM. IgG and free light chains were not detected, and there is unlikely to be an appreciable amount of immunoglobulin of any other class. The amount of immunoglobulin present, in terms of 4-chain monomers, is approximately 100,000 molecules per cell. Its half-life, calculated from the rate of reappearance in vitro of surface Fab after proteolytic clearing, is approximately 5 hours. Immunoglobulin secreted into the environment appears to arise predominantly or entirely from the cell surface: there is no evidence of an appreciable export of immunoglobulin which does not have a surface phase. Papain at 0.06 mg/ml rapidly removes the surface Fab. Residual Fcmu can then be detected by immunofluorescence, suggesting that papain cleaves surface IgM at a hinge region with the molecule in situ on the membrane. The released Fab is only moderately susceptible to degradation by papain at the enzyme: substrate ratio prevailing. It has been possible to isolate it from the papain digest by immuno-adsorption, with a notional yield of 75 mug per 10-10 cells, and then to prepare antisera against it. PMID- 48500 TI - Importance of short-lived lymphocytes in the immune response. AB - Lymphocytes are heterogeneous with respect to their life-span. Typical B cells, bearing on their membranes immunoglobulin receptors, easily detectable by immunofluorescence, belong mainly to the long-lived population: this can be observed using combined autoradiography and immunofluorescence. However, when primed mice receive (-3H) thymidine before a boosting injection of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), many plasma cells appearing in the spleen during the secondary response are labelled. In irradiated recipients repopulated with spleen cells from donors primed with TMV and injected with tritiated thymidine 2 hours before killing, the majority of plasms cells appearing in the spleen after antigen injection were labelled. If irradiated mice were repopulated simultaneously with spleen cells from donors primed with TMV and injected with (-3H) thymidine, and from donors primed with haemocyanin, most of the anti-TMV plasms cells were labelled, while most of the anti-haemocyanin plasma cells were unlabelled. These results allowed us to exclude non-specific reutilization of labelled thymidine as the main reason of our observations. It is concluded that either plasma cells derive from shortlived precursors or they receive material from a labelled cell able to co-operate specifically with plasma cell precursors. PMID- 48501 TI - Antibody formation in the mouse induced by hapten-carrier complexes. AB - The influence of hapten, carrier and their ratio in a complex on T-cell helper stimulation and antibody formation against the dinitrophenyl (DNP) hapten was studied. Complexes of DNP with bovine serum albumin (BSA), bovine gamma-globulin (BGG), isologous mouse immunoglobulin (MIG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as carriers were used. Optimal antibody formation against DNP was obtained with complexes with an intermediate hapten:carrier ratio (DNP 16-minusBSA, DNP 43 minusBGG and DNP 48-MINUSMIG). DNP-PVP complexes were not active either in the primary or in the secondary response. The anti-BSA titre was independent of the number of DNP groups on the complex used for immunization. Inhibition of DNP plaque formation by spleen cells of immunized mice shows an increase of the inhibitory capacity of the complex with the increase of the hapten-carrier ratio. DNP 16-minusPVP was the only PVP complex which was inhibitory. These results suggest that helper cells involved in the antibody formation against BSA and DNP are reactive with different parts of the complex. Priming of mice with carrier or complex after cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment followed by a secondary injection with complex 10 days later gave strong indications that there is a greater involvement in stimulation of helper T cells by determinants of the complex (new antigenic determinants (NAD) or NAP-DNP groups) or DNP, than by true BSA determinants. This holds for both the IgM and IgG responses. PMID- 48502 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity in the mouse induced by hapten-carrier complexes. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) in the mouse was studied with complexes of dinitrophenyl (DHP) as hapten and bovine serum albumin (BSA), mouse immunoglobulin (MIg) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as carrier. Priming with BSA induced strong DH against this carrier, but DN of decreasing strength against complexes with increasing DNP:carrier ratio. Priming with DNP-BSA complexes never resulted in a DH against BSA or DNP 3-minusBSA. Injections of DNP 16-minusBSA and DNP 28-minusBSA induced positive DH which increased with the hapten:carrier ratio of the eliciting antigen. The complexes with an isologous carrier DNP 48-minusMIg or DNP 90-minusMIg induced positive reactions against both complexes but not against the weakly substituted DNP 11-minusMIg. The latter only primed for itself. The importance of the DNP groups as determinant in these DH reactions is stressed by the cross-reactions between DNP-BSA and DNP-MIg complexes and by the induction by DNP 16-minusPVP of positive DH against DNP 28-minusBSA. Cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment before priming with complexes induced enhanced DH against complexes with sufficient hapten:carrier ratio. Priming with carrier under Cy treatment induced no DH against complexes. All these results indicate that carrier determinants are not involved in the DH against complexes. After priming wtih complexes with a low hapten:carrier ratio the DH is directed against new antigenic determinants (NAD) groups. After priming with complexes with high ratios DH is directed against DNP groups. With adoptive local transfer of spleen cells of primed animals and pretreatment of these cells with anti-thymocyte serum or anti-plasma cell serum and complement it was possible to demonstrate that the T cell was responsible for the DH reactions. The involvement of different determinant groups on the hapten-carrier complexes in immune reactions is discussed. PMID- 48503 TI - Hypersensitivity to mineral oil in the domestic fowl. AB - Domestic fowl were found to be hypersensitive to a second injection of highly purified mineral oil if they had been primed 3 weeks previously with oil in the presence of mycobacteria. This response did not appear to be related to impurities originally present in the oil or introduced into it during sterilization, and did not follow priming with mycobacteria in vegetable oil or in saline. The reaction at the challenge site was prolonged and developed a characteristic histology identical to that found at the priming site. It is postualted that the hypersensitivity seen has an immunological basis and that birds are able to respond to antigenic determinants formed by long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 48506 TI - Quinacrine fluorescence for rapid dection of malarial parasite a preliminary communication. PMID- 48504 TI - Rat tumour allografts evoke anaphylactic antibody responses. AB - In vitro assays of release of histamine from peritoneal mast cells showed that Wistar rats produced anaphylactic antibody in response to a single immunization with an allogeneic sarcoma. The response occurs early after immunization, and no adjuvant is needed. The thermolability of the anaphylactic antibody suggests that it is IgE. PMID- 48505 TI - Release of histamine from rat mast cells by the complement peptides C3a and C5a. AB - Suspensions of rat mast cells were used to study the histamine-releasing actions of anaphylatoxins C3A and C5a in vitro. The peptides, derived from human or porcine complement proteins C3 and C5, were less potent than 48/80 but more potent than bradykinin in stimulating release of histamine from mast cells. The pattern of release resembled that of the anaphylactic release action, e.g. release was limited to less than 30 per cent of the cell histamine, the reaction was calcium-dependent and was potentiated by phosphatidyl serine. When C3a and C5a were added together to mast cell suspensions, the amount of histamine released was additive. Similarly, release by either peptide combined with bradykinin was additive. Histamine-releasing activity (as well as smooth muscle stimulating activity) was abolished when the peptides were treated with pancreatic carboxy-peptidase B. Active or inactive peptides were bound by mast cells and addition of active C3a in combination with the inactive, des-arginine derivative, C3ai, resulted in partial inhibition of histamine release. PMID- 48507 TI - Inhibition by serum of encephalitogenic activity of myelin basic protein. AB - Basic protein of myelin from bovine brain (B-BPM) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) is highly encephalitogenic for the guinea pig. However, when B-BPM is mixed with serum from various species it loses its encephalitogenic effect but not its immunogenic properties. When the synthetic tryptophan peptide matching residue 115-126 of human BPM is mixed with normal human serum it loses both its encephalitogenic and immunogenic effects. The time of exposure to serum necessary for complete inhibition of encephalitogenic activity of B-BPM varied: rat, horse, sheep and human sera produced their inhibitory effect immediately after mixing, whereas guinea pig serum required 8h. The capacity of serum to abrogate the encephalitogenic effects of B-BPM was not due to complete degradation of the molecule by proteinases in serum, because all animals injected with the B-BPM serum mixture gave cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions to B-BPM. The inhibitory effect could be attributed to a factor in serum which is non dialysable, thermostable at 56 degrees C, for 1 h, and present in high concentration in fetal calf serum. It may be an alpha2 macroglobulin which can act selectively on the main encephalitogenic determinant, around or within residues 115-126 of the basic protein of myelin. PMID- 48508 TI - Modulation of the immune response by passive antibodies. I. Anti-hapten antibodies enhanced delayed hypersensitivity to the carrier and depressed antibody synthesis to the hapten. AB - The modulating effects of passive antibodies on both delayed hypersensitivity to the carrier and antibody synthesis to carrier and hapten determinants were studied in guinea pigs. Animals were injected with antibodies directed against either the carrier or the hapten prior to immunization with the hapten-carrier conjugate in Freund's complete adjuvant. Anti-hapten antibodies have been shown to have an enhancing effect on delayed hypersensitivity to the carrier and a suppressive effect on antibody synthesis to the hapten. In this experiment, anti carrier anti-bodies seemed to have had no effect on delayed hypersensitivity to the carrier and on antibody synthesis to the hapten. PMID- 48509 TI - Anaphylaxis and pseudoanaphylaxis. PMID- 48510 TI - Intraaticular treatment of tarsal degenerative joint disease in cattle. AB - Tarsal degenerative joint disease (DJD) in 12 cattle was classified as primary or secondary, based on age, evidence of hereditary or congenital joint conformation defects, faulty hindlimb alignment, duration and type of usage joints were subjected to, and history or signs of repeated trauma. Three of the cattle had bilateral primary tarsal DJD, 7 had bilateral secondary tarsal DJD, and 2 had secondary DJD of the left tarsus. Analyses of synovial fluid samples provided a means of characterizing pathologic changes of tarsal DJD, Results of blood and synovial fluid analyses were grouped in compilation of data for cattle affected with either primary or secondary tarsal DJD. Corticosteroids and a long-acting synthetic progestational agent were injected singly or in combination with aqueous antibiotics into affected tarsal joints. Tarsal joints of 5 of the cattle responded favorably to a single intraarticular treatment, as manifested by palliative relief and functionally usable joints. Seven joints of 5 cattle were subjected to repeated intraarticular treatment. Serial synovial fluid analyses in 7 of the cattle provided a means of assessing tarsal joint response to intraarticular treatment or to therapeutic arthrocentesis, exclusive of patient objective response. One cow developed a mild self-limiting bilateral postinjection synovitis that was resolved after the 2nd and final intraarticular injection. Usable function returned to tarsal joints of cattle that responded favorably to intraarticular treatment at different periods after single or repeated injections. Three cattle with advanced tarsal DJD experienced minor temporary relief and were euthanatized at their owner's request. Improvement did not occur in the tarsal joint of 1 cow subjected to therapeutic aspiration only. Intraarticular treatment in all cattle was considered supportive to the animal's well-being rather than curative. PMID- 48511 TI - Mucosubstances in Brunner's glands of the mouse. AB - The mucins of Brunner's glands in the mouse have been studied by histochemical methods. The secretion droplets in both acinar cells and the cells lining the ducts are PAS-positive and diazyme-resistant. The latter cells are alcianophilic at pH 2.5, react positively with Hale's colloidal iron method and exhibit metachromasia with azure A. The reaction to Hale's colloidal iron method is lost after digestion with neuraminidase. These results suggest that an acid as well as a neutral mucopolysaccharide is present in the secretion of Brunner's glands of the mouse, the acid mucosubstance being a sialomucin. The possible significance of this finding is discussed. This work was performed in partial fulfilment of work for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Sheffield. It was supported by a Research Fellowship from the World Health Organisation (W.H.O.) during a study leave granted by the University of Lagos, Nigeria. PMID- 48512 TI - Microscopy and photomicrography. Part IV. PMID- 48513 TI - Oral presentation of a scientific paper. PMID- 48514 TI - An inventive method for the production of creative educational transparencies. PMID- 48516 TI - Stereospecific exchange of a beta-methylene proton in phenylalanine preceding biosynthetic incorporation into gliotoxin. PMID- 48515 TI - Computer analysis of organelle translocation in primary neuronal cultures and continuous cell lines. AB - Organelle translocation in a number of cell types in tissue culture as seen by high-resolution Zeiss-Nomarski differential interference contrast optics was filmed and analyzed by computer. Principal cell types studied included primary chick spinal cord, chick dorsal root ganglion, ratbrain, and various clones of continuous cell lines. Organelle translocations in all cell types studied exhibited frequent, large changes in velocity during any one translocation. The appearance of particles as seen with Nomarski optics was correlated with their fine structures in one dorsal root ganglion neurite by fixing the cell as it was being filmed and obtaining electron micrographs of the region filmed. This revealed the identity of several organelles as well as the presence of abundant neurotubules but no neurofilaments. Primary cell cultures exhibited more high velocity organelle movements than continuous cell lines. The net progress of an organelle in a given direction was greater in primary neuronal cells than in fibroblasts or continuous cell lines. These findings are correlated with the literature on organelle translocation and axoplasmic transport. PMID- 48517 TI - Characterisation and quantitation of morphine in urine using high-pressure liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. AB - A simple and rapid method for the identification and quantitation of morphine in urine samples is described. The procedure, which involves conversion of the drug a fluorescent product followed by liquid chromatography, is shown to be highly sensitive and specific. Levels down to 0.01 mug/ml of morphine can be quantitatively detected in urine. A large number of drugs have been tested and shown not to interfere. PMID- 48518 TI - A rapid and sensitive detection of proteolytic enzymes after electrophoresis. PMID- 48519 TI - Retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase in peripheral autonomic nerves. AB - An exogeneous marker protein, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to race peripheral autonomic pathways in adult guinea pigs and cats. Small doses of HRP were injected into various organs and after a brief survival period, HRP activity appeared in the perikarya of autonomic neurons that supplied each injection site. After injection of HRP into the anterior chamber of the eye, reaction product was detected in the postganglionic sympathetic neurons of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. In another experiment, HRP reaction product was found in the cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons that supply the adrenal medulla. These were located in the lateral gray column of the spinal cord at T6 and T7 segmental levels. Reaction product appeared in intramural postganglionic parasympathetic neurons close to an injection site in the wall of the urinary bladder and in a similiar situation in Meissner's ganglia of the ileum. Following injection into the walls of the stomach and ileum, HRP labelled cells were detected in the nodose ganglion of the vagus and in preganglionic parasympathetic neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of this nerve. After injection into the subepicardial tissue of the heart, reaction product appeared in the stellate ganglion and also in an upper thoracic dorsal root ganglion. These data suggest that HRP is taken up by peripheral autonomic nerves of all types, and then undergoes rapid retrograde axonal transport to the perikaryon. It appears, therefore, that HRP may be useful in tracing both motor and sensory peripheral autonomic pathways. PMID- 48520 TI - Locus ceruleus in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta): a combined histochemical fluorescence, Nissl and silver study. AB - The locus ceruleus (LC) of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was investigated using the histochemical fluorescence method and Nissl and ammoniacal silver stains. Caudally, a few fluorescent cells were observed in the lateral wall of the ventriculus quartus near the velum medullaris superior. Rostrally, the fluorescent cells were compactly clustered and reached their greatest density medial and, to a lesser extent, lateral to the tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini at the level of the decussation of the nervus trochlearis. In the most rostral plane, fluorescent cells were more diffusely scattered ventral and medial to the pedunculus cerebellaris superior with a few cells situated near the nervus trochlearis. Nissl staining of tissue previously used for histochemical fluorescence showed that fluorescent cells were largely found in a region labelled LC in two rhesus monkey brain atlases and erroneously labelled nucleus tractus mesencephalicus n. trigemini in one brain atlas. Ammoniacal silver staining resulted in a dense accumulation of silver granules in the cells found to display a positive reaction for monoamines. The silver stains therefore offer an alternative to the histochemical fluorescence method for identifying the monoamine-containing LC neurons. PMID- 48521 TI - Residues of leptophos and its metabolites following application to various crop plants. PMID- 48522 TI - In vivo studies of mediator release in cold urticaria and cholinergic urticaria. AB - Six patients with cold urticaria were found to possess elevated plasma histamine levels after cold challenge by placing one hand in ice water for 4 minutes. A single patient became hypotensive during the procedure and had a level of 260 ng/ml. histamine in the venous effluent from his hand. No elevation of plasma serotonin or bradykinin was observed. Two patients with cholinergic urticaria possessed elevated plasma histamine levels during and after vigorous exercise for 10 minutes; these patients also gave a positive test for vibration-induced angioedema. A single patient with cholinergic urticaria possessed elevated baseline serotonin levels and elevated levels during and after exercise but no elevation of plasma histamine or bradykinin. The results suggest that histamine is the major mediator of urticaria and hypotension in cold urticaria. Histamine also appears to be released coincident with the development of urticaria in some patients with cholinergic urticaria, while elevated serotonin levels in a single atypical patient suggest that a subpopulation of patients with cholinergic urticaria possess a different pathogenesis. PMID- 48523 TI - Inuction of immunological tolerance in immunoglobulin E B lymphocytes in rats. AB - Immunological tolerance has been induced in 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-specific bone marrow-derived or B lymphocytes of the IgE AND IgG antibody classes by treatment of rats with the DNP derivative of D-amino acid copolymer, D-glutamic acid, D lysine (D-GL). The tolerant state is manifested as an inability of treated rats to produce serum anti-DNP antibodies and the failure of peritoneal cells from tolerant animals to release histamine following in vitro antigen challenge. The implications of these and related observations for potential therapeutic measures in clinical hypersensitivity states are discussed. PMID- 48525 TI - The effect of Tris-buffered media and Tyrode physiologic saline solution on the antigenic release of histamine from human leukocytes. AB - Allergic histamine release from leukocytes was compared in three different media: Tyrode physiologic saline solution, Tris-buffered saline containing human albumin, calcium, and magnesium (Tris-ACM), and Tris-ACM with homologous serum. In a selected group of low histamine releasers, the maximal amount of antigenic histamine release was significantly higher in Tyrode solution as compared to Tris ACM buffer. When homologous serum was added to Tris-acm, an enhancement of histamine release greater than with Tyrode solution was obtained. These results suggest that Tris-ACM may not be the optimal buffer for leukocyte histamine release experiments. Since Tyrode solution contains no serum proteins that bind slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis or prostaglandins, the use of this medium may be advantageous for the study of the release of the chemical mediators from human leukocytes. PMID- 48524 TI - Properties and activities of transfer factor. AB - Although there is agreement that transfer factor endows skin test-negative subjects with the ability to develop the delayed allergic responses of the transfer factor donors, there is little direct information on the mechanism of this phenomenon or on the nature of the active components (s). This report reviews some of the known effects of transfer factor or immune responses and inflammation. It is concluded that transfer factor has multiple sites of action, including effects on the thymus, on lymphocyte-monocyte and/or lymphocyte lymphocyte interactions, as well as direct effects on cells in inflammatory sites. It is also suggested that the "specificity" of transfer factor is determined by the immunologic status of the recipient rather than by informational molecules in the dialysates. Finally, it is proposed that many effects of transfer factor may be due to changes in intracellular cyclic nucleotide content, especially accumulation of cGMP, in immunologically reactive cells. PMID- 48526 TI - Primary interaction between antibody and components of Alternaria. I. Immunology and chemical characteristics of labeled antigens. AB - Components were isolated from Alternaria tenuis and its culture filtrate, and were radiolabeled with 123-I. The labeled antigenic components had a high polysaccharide content as determined by staining patterns following electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels and by inactivation with sodium metaperiodate. A primary binding test was employed to detect and measure serum antibodies to the components from A. tennuis. This procedure was more sensitive in detecting antibodies that bound to antigens than were comparable tests dependent upon precipitin types of reactions. The labeled components of A. tenuis cross-reacted or shared antigens with 3 other species of molds: Stemphylium sp., Curvularia sp., Aspergillus fumigatus, but not with a variety of other fungal and nonfungal materials. PMID- 48527 TI - Immunotherapy: Mechanisms of action suggested by measurements of immunologic and cellular parameters. PMID- 48528 TI - Group psychology and the structural theory: a revised psychoanalytic model of group psychology. AB - It has been my aim in this paper to revise the existing psychoanalytic theory of group psychology in accordance with current structural concepts. The need for fundamental revision in the existing theory of group organization is demonstrated by its restriction to an oedipal paradigm, which cannot account for the regression to an oral paradigm of group organization during group formation. Freud's explanation of regression in crowds is reviewed. The limitations inherent in Freud's topographic and narcisistic models are demonstrated; irreconcilable contradictions are shown to exist between the two theories. A structural model of group psychology that is free from internal contradictions and provides a unifying explanation for both regression and merging in the crowd is developed. As a consequence of these revisions it is possible to conceptualize preoedipal organizations of group structure in addition to the oedipal paradigm proposed by Freud. PMID- 48529 TI - Experimental hematogenous endophthalmitis caused by Candida albicans. AB - For a rabbit model of hematogenous endophthalmitis caused by Candida, 80 New Zealand white rabbits were given intravenous injections of 10-5 Candida albicans. Two weeks after infection 88 percent of infected rabbits had ocular lesions with clinical appearance identical to that of human lesions. Cultures of the chorioretina and kidneys averaged 10-4.3 and 10-3.9 organisms per g of tissue, respectively, three days after infection and remained positive for 38 days. Ninety-five percent of rabbits with positive cultures of the chorioretina had positive cultures from other organs. The ocular lesions were focal chorioretinitis characterized by a combination of granulomatous and acute suppurative reactions. Hematogenous endophthalmitis caused by Candida in the rabbit is a useful model for study of the pathogenesis and treatment of the disease in humans. PMID- 48531 TI - Subtypes of hepatitis B surface antigen in Southeast Asia. AB - The prevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) subtypes in Thais, Cambodians, and Vietnamese were compared with the prevalences in Americans residing in Southeast Asia. HBs Ag was found with approximately equal frequency in Thai (43 percent) and American (39 percent) patients with hepatitis. However, higher prevalences of HBs Ag were found in asympotomatic Thais (9.5 percent), Cambodians (11.9 percent), and Vietnamese (14.3 percent) than in asymptomatic Americans (0.7 percent). Among asymptomatic Thais, the ratio of HBs Ag/adr to HBs Ag/adw was approximately 10:1, with one exception: adw was not detected in a rural population of northern Thailand. The y determinant was not found in Thais. In contrast, both d and y determinants were found in Americans. These observations conform to a geographic pattern, with ad as the predominant combination in the Far East. In Southeast Asia determinants w and r are more useful epidemiologic markers than y and d. PMID- 48530 TI - Experimental pneumonitis and encephalitis caused by acanthamoeba in mice: pathogenesis and ultrastructural features. AB - For a more precise definition of the clinicopathological features of experimental acanthamoebic infection in mice, trophozoites of Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba polyphaga were instilled intranasally into adult white mice. Eight to 20 days after inoculation, severe pulmonary disease developed; one to two days later, neurological signs ensued. On pathologic examination an amebic broncho pneumonia associated with encephalitis was found. Trophozoites and cysts were seen in lung and brain. Although Naegleria is spread by the olfactory route, cerebral lesions produced by Acanthamoeba might result principally from hematogenous carriage from the lungs. Other differences between infections caused by Naegleria and those caused by Acanthamoeba in mice also exist and serve to emphasize that when natural infections with Acanthamoeba occur, a distinct clinicopathological entity may be produced. PMID- 48532 TI - The relationship of thyroxine turnover to other parameters of peripheral thyroid function in Graves' disease. AB - In 28 patients with Graves' disease showing a wide range of thyroid function between the extremes of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, the following parameters of peripheral thyroid function were measured: serum thyroxine concentration, serum-free thyroxine concentration, serum triiodothyronine concentration, and serum-free triiodothyronine concentration. In 25 patients, thyroxine turnover was also measured. Thyroxine turnover was found to be highly correlated with serum-free thyroxine concentration (r equals 0.9405) and serum free triiodothyronine concentration (r equals 0.9184). Serum-free thyroxine fraction correlated with serum-free triiodothyronine fraction (r equals 0.8445), suggesting that similar factors in serum controlled the intensity of protein binding for both thyroxine and triiodothyronine. Thyroxine turnover calculated by a noncompartmental method agreed closely with values calculated by the compartmental method, suggesting that the former simpler method has general utility. PMID- 48533 TI - Investigation of DNA-content of leukoplakia cells or oral mucosa. AB - DNA-histograms of smears of 11 plain leukoplakias, one of a precancerous leukoplakia, three of leukoplakia carcinoma in early stage, and one of a keratotic seqamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth were prepared. The cell nuclei of the plain leukoplakia are mostly diploid, a small proportion has a DNA-content of 4 C. Intermediate values or polyploid nuclei are absent. In precancerous leukoplakia, intermediate values were noticed; in the cases of carcinoma in early stage, intermediate and polyploid nuclei were present, and in one case only polyploid nuclei. Only 2C and 4C nuclei occurred in a case of keratotic squamous cell carcinoma, which in comparison to earlier examined cases must be termed DNA negative. PMID- 48534 TI - Cryosurgical devitalization of bone and its regenreation; An experimental study with animals. AB - In an experimental study using rabbits, bone is supercooled by means of liquid nitrogen flowing through a silicone chamber. The surrounding soft tissue is protected by a heating element of silicone. The histological findings in the stages of devitalization of osteocytes are described. X-rays and fluorescent labelling were used, searching for the time of total recalcification in supercooled bone. PMID- 48535 TI - Demonstration of a specific cytosol receptor in the normal and hyperplastic canine prostate for 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17alpha-diol. AB - A specific receptor protein has been demonstrated for 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17alpha-diol in cytoplasmic extracts of normal and hyperplastic canine prostates. The receptor molecule, with a sedimentation coefficient of 4-5S, has been identified by the use of sucrose gradient centrifugation of tissue fractions which had been labelled in vitro with tritiated 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17alpha diol. The receptor showed a relatively high affinity for this compound whereas binding could not be demonstrated with other labelled C19 steroids. In addition binding of tritiated 5alpha-androstane-3alpha, 17alpha-diol was not affected by the presence of 50-fold excesses of other C19 steroids. PMID- 48536 TI - Influence of antigen dose on antibody production of intact and splenectomised Xenopus laevis. AB - Antigen persistence and serum antibody production in intact Xenopus were monitored using human gamma globulin (HGG), in adjuvant, in various immunisation schedules. Retention of HGG in spleen and serum was directly related to the quantity injected. However, antibody responses to a dose range between 1 mu-g-6 mg antigen were similar in intensity. These were detected in the serum two weeks after injection and at this stage were exclusively mercapto-ethanol (ME) sensitive; ME-resistant antibodies had appeared by four weeks. No antibodies were detected below a dose of 100 ng HGG. The effect of splenectomy on antibody levels was tested using HGG/adjuvant or sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in saline. Splenectomised toads showed impairment of antibody responses only to threshold doses of HGG (100 ng) but to a wider range of SRBC doses. PMID- 48537 TI - Salmonella typhimurium mutations conferring resistance to Felix O phage without loss of smooth character: phage attachment and immunochemical and structural analyses of lipopolysaccharides. AB - Salmonella typhimurium mutants, called Felix O-resistant (FOR), selected for resistance to phage Felix O (FO) which has its receptor in the core lipopolysaccharide (LPS), retain most of the properties of the smooth parent strain (MacPhee, Krishnapillai, Roantree & Stocker, 1975). LPS extracted from one parent and two FOR strains by the phenol-water and the phenol-chloroform-light petroleum methods have been subjected to passive haemagglutination inhibition and methylation analysis. The amount of LPS, the amount of O-specific sugars in the LPS, and the average length of the O chains were almost the same in parent and mutant strains. Neither passive haemagglutination nor methylation analysis revealed the presence of incomplete cores in the mutant strains. Determination of the rates of attachment of P22 (receptor in O chain) and FO phages to whole bacteria of the same strains also suggested there is as much O-chain material in the FOR strains as in the parent strain. The data suggest that the FOR strains are the result of a mutation in the synthesis of the core, leaving few, if any, completed cores accessible to the FO phage. PMID- 48538 TI - Esterase zymograms of Proteus and Providencia. AB - The intracellular esterases of 80 strains of Proteus and Providencia were analysed by the acrylamide-agarose zymogram technique using several synthetic substrates. The esterase bands were classified in five main groups. The alphaA esterase bands hydrolysed alpha-naphthyl acetate and were resistant or relatively insensitive to di-isofluoropropyl phosphate (DFP). The alphaB-esterase band hydrolysed both alpha-naphthyl acetate and alpha-naphthyl butyrate and were very sensitive to DFP. Both groups of esterase bands were inactivated by heat. The betaA- and betaB-esterase bands hydrolysed beta-naphthyl acetate and were sensitive to DFP; these were distinguishable by the difference in their relative activity towards beta-naphthyl butyrate and in their relative stability to heat. The alpha-beta-esterase bands hydrolysed alpha- and beta-naphthyl acetates and alpha- and beta-naphthyl butyrates; they were inactivated by heat and were sensitive to DFP. The distribution of these esterase bands among the strains of Proteus and Providencia and their electrophoretic patterns established esterase profile types which correlate with the classification based on traditional bacteriological tests. The degree of inter-strain similarity in esterase pattern varied highly among species. The homogeneity of Proteus mirabilis and especially of Providencia stuartii contrasted with the heterogeneity of other species. This disparity suggests that the bacteria of the tribe Proteae have not the same degree of intra-specific differentiation in physico-chemical properties of esterases. PMID- 48539 TI - Astrocytic processes: A route between vessels and neurons followingblood-brain barrier injurt. AB - The fluorescent tracer Evans blue (EB) was studied after circulation time ranging from 30 seconds to 5 minutes following blood-brain barrier (BBB) injuries in 42 dogs. Selective neuronal stainings (sns), associated with BBB injuries, occurred to a high degree. This phenomenon was examined by modifications in existing fluorescence techniques. The mechanism of SNS was seen to lie in an almost imperceptible transport of EB along astrocytic processes connecting SNS with the adjacent vasculature. This report presents visual evidence under pathological conditions, and supports the concept of astrocytic processes as the normal route of transport between blood vessels and neurons. This requires long exposure photomicrographs since the fluorescing material is subtle within the neuroglial processes. PMID- 48540 TI - Allylic rearrangement of 17alpha-vinyl-17beta-hydroxy. PMID- 48541 TI - Occurrence and natural history of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in childhood. AB - In a six-year survey of 5,179 school children in Arizona, Utah, and Nevada 62 cases of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis were identified giving a prevalence of 1.2%. Thyroids were enlarged in 85%, firm in 60%, and had an irregular or lobulated surface in 75%. Antibodies to thyroglobulin were demonstrable in the serum at some time during the course of the disease in 76% by the tanned red blood cell technique and in 93% by radioimmunoassay. Serum TSH concentrations were elevated in seven of 15 subjects. Many of the cases were early or mild thyroiditis and, in most instances, subjects were asymptomatic and considered clinically euthyroid. Two subjects were hypothyroid, and two appeared clinically hyperthyroid. Spontaneous resolution of thyroiditis occurred in 15 of 32 individuals who received no treatment. Resolution occurred in 14 of 30 children treated with thyroid hormone supplement. The results suggest that lymphocytic thyroiditis in children may be present without symptoms and in many is a self limiting disorder from which complete recovery occurs spontaneously. PMID- 48542 TI - Thyroid function in term newborn infants with congenital goiter. AB - Eighty-four term newborn infants without goiter and 45 newborn infants with congenital goiter were studied with regard to thyroid function. The radiologic development of the femoral and tibial epiphyses was evaluated in those with goiter. Fifty-eight percent of the patients had retarded bone age, markedly elevated TSH levels, elevated TBI, decreased total T4I, and decreased PBI values. Forty-two percent of newborn infants with congenital goiter had a normal bone age, normal values for TSH, PBI, and total T4I, and elevated values for TBI. It is concluded that the 58% of the newborn infants with congenital goiter had subtle hypothyroidism. They require substitution therapy with thyroid hormones in order to avoid possible retardation of normal brain development. Patients with congenital goiter who have no biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism should also be treated with thyroid hormones to achieve rapid regression of goiter. PMID- 48543 TI - [Clinical uses of bisolvomycin in urology]. PMID- 48544 TI - [Changes of the vascular wall under the effect of anticollagen serum in chronic hypertension]. PMID- 48545 TI - Hydrodynamic analog model for pharmacokinetics II: critical examination of model and its contribution to pharmacokinetics. AB - A comparison of the conventional pharmacokinetic models and the previously proposed hydrodynamic diffusion analog model is presented. A significant result that an n-compartment system can exhibit at best (n - 1) extremum times in the concentration-time plot of the central compartment under appropriate values of physiological parameters is presented. The observation of kinks experimentally in certain physiological-drug systems is thus shown to be amenable to explanation. PMID- 48546 TI - Polycyclic aromatic isothiocyanate compounds as fluorescent labeling reagents. AB - Polycyclic aromatic isothiocyanates were synthesized in an attempt to produce new fluorescent agents for protein labeling and for use in microanalytical techniques. The relative fluorescence of these reagents, the required intermediates, and the derivatives were established. Of the compounds evaluated, the 9-acridine derivatives were the most promising. PMID- 48547 TI - A symbolic tree: loneliness is the root; delusions are the leaves. AB - This particular case involving the suggested nursing intervention was very successful and rewarding. It is very important, however, that therapists realize that these seven steps were acceptable in this particular case, but steps four-to seven may be modified with each couple. However, the first three steps are more than likely essential to any effective intervention dealing with loneliness. Aso, the excerpts from this case happen to illustrate the highlights that were related to loneliness. The therapists recognized that there were other issues and concerns that also needed to be dealt with and which were, but the need for intimacy seemed to have top priority. Loneliness rooted in the symbolic tree cannot be dealt with by plucking the leaves; it must be dug out by the roots. Psychotherapy needs nursing psychotherapists who will contribute to this digging. PMID- 48548 TI - Academic achievement in pharmacology and use of audiovisual aids. PMID- 48549 TI - Effectiveness of audio-based instruction in medical pharmacology. AB - An audio-based method of instruction on the topic of diuretic drugs was compared with the lecture method using a random sample of 66 sophomore medical students. A cognitive test given to measure achievement as a result of the two treatments showed that the average score of 80 percent for the audio group was significantly higher (p smaller than 0.25) than the 75 percent for the lecture group. A comparison of the lowest quartile scores in each group revealed that the audio based group also scored higher 13 points, p smaller than .05) than the lecture group; however, no difference was noted in the upper three quartile scores of the two groups. The amount of time spent studying did not appear to be a factor. A second test given to meausre attitudes toward the audio method showed strong positive views among students. PMID- 48550 TI - Radiation damage in stained catalase at low temperature. AB - Radiation damage, which occurs in the beam of the electron microscope, has been studied in uranyl acetate stained crystals. Damage is observed in terms of the disappearance of higher orders of the electron diffraction pattern. In this study it has been found that the damage at very low specimen temperatures proceeds both more rapidly and to a greater final degree than is the case at room temperature. PMID- 48551 TI - Studies of parents of children with acute leukemia. AB - In a case-control study, 70 mothers and 24 fathers of children with acute leukemia (AL) were compared with 70 mothers and 24 fathers of normal children. Three significant differences (p smaller than 0.05) were found when 35 factors were compared among the mother pairs and one difference among the father pairs. Mothers of children with AL, though alike in most respects to their matched controls, had a significantly lower number of monocytes than their controls. This was a new observation. The mothers of the children with AL also had higher levels of gamma-globulin, IgA, and IgG (Philadelphia only), which confirmed previous observations. The fathers and mothers had higher levels of basophils. These findings direct attention to the immune systems, particularly the mononuclear cells, of the parents of children with AL, as a focus for further studies on the etiology and pathogenesis of childhood leukemia. PMID- 48552 TI - Alpha fetoprotein: effect of heterologous antiserum on hepatoma cells in vitro. AB - Hepatoma cells derived from The Jackson Laboratory mouse hepatoma BW7756 synthesized alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in vitro. The AFP was immunologically identical to that circulating in the sera of hepatoma-bearing mice. An in vitro cytotoxic effect of rabbit antiserum to AFP was studied in hepatoma cells obtained both from fresh cell suspensions and short-term cell culture. The use of intact and/or inactivated anti-AFP serum inhibited the growth of the AFP producing cells. The cytotoxic effects of the antiserum depended on exposure time and serum concentration. The cytotoxicity was complement independent, as demonstrated by studies with heat-deactivated serum devoid of extrinsic complement. The control target cells included fresh cell suspensions of normal mouse liver and mouse muscle fibroblasts grown in short-term culture. Specificity of the antisera for the target cells was demonstrated by absorption with purified mouse AFP. The results could be explained by the presence of AFP on the hepatoma cell surface. PMID- 48554 TI - Cell contacts in rabbit corpora lutea. PMID- 48553 TI - Augmented uptake of neuraminidase-treated sheep red blood cells: participation of opsonic factors. AB - Neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae (VCN) was used to treat sheep red blood cells (SRBC) which were then incubated in vitro with murine peritoneal macrophages. The uptake of VCN-treated SRBC by macrophages was greater than the uptake of SRBC not treated with VCN. SRBC opsonized with normal mouse serum (NMS) were taken up to a greater extent than untreated SRBC. SRBC treated with VCN and opsonized with NMS were phagocytosed to a greater extent than untreated SRBC, VCN-treated SRBC, or opsonized SRBC. Evidence demonstrated that factors in serum from normal C3H/HeJ mice augmented the uptake of VCN-treated SRBC in greater amounts than of normal SRBC. These findings were discussed in relation to the increased immunogenicity of neuraminidase-treated cells. PMID- 48555 TI - The ultrastructure of spindle microtubules after freeze-etching and negative staining in situ. PMID- 48556 TI - Intramitochondrial binding of ruthenium red in degenerating chondroblasts. PMID- 48557 TI - Sialoglycoproteins and filtration barriers in the glomerular capillary wall. PMID- 48558 TI - Quantitation of avian RNA tumor virus reverse transcriptase by radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed that can detect and quantitate 3 ng or more of the avian RNA tumor virus reverse transcriptase. The assay detected no antigenic sites in Rous sarcoma virus alpha virions or in virions of a murine RNA tumor virus. About 70 molecules of reverse transcriptase were found per virion of avian myleloblastosis virus with this assay or with an assay based on antibody inhibition of enzymatic activity. The assay detected about 270 ng of enzyme per mg of cell protein in virus-producing cells; uninfected cells had much less antigenic material but contained some determinants able to displace radioactive antigen. No additional antigenic determinants on reverse transcriptase could be detected that were not found on the separated alpha subunit of the enzyme. Although sevenfold less sensitive than enzymatic activity as a measure of reverse transcriptase, the radioimmunoassay can detect antigen using small amounts of protein and in the presence of inhibtors. PMID- 48559 TI - Sindbis virus glycoproteins form a regular icosahedral surface lattice. AB - Electron micrographs of negatively stained Sindbis virus particles show that the glycoproteins are organized with trimer clustering in a T = 4 icosahedral surface lattice. PMID- 48561 TI - Procainamide-induced lupus syndrome in siblings. PMID- 48560 TI - Analysis of antigenic determinants of structural polypeptides of avian type C tumor viruses. AB - Radioimmunoassays were developed for the 19,000, 15,000, and 12,000 molecular weight polypeptides of avian myeloblastosis virus and for the 19,000 and 12,000 polypeptides of RAV-0, a subgroup E avian tumor virus. Each polypeptide was shown to possess both group- and type-specific antigenic determinants, in contrast to the 27,000 mol wt polypeptide, which contained only group-specific determinants. The corresponding low-molecular-weight polypeptides of subgroup A, B, and E viruses were shown to be immunologically indistinguishable. The findings that low molecular-weight polypeptides of subgroup C and D viruses reacted very differently in immunoassays for the respective polypeptides of avian myeloblastosis virus or RAV-0 suggest that subgroups C and D may have evolved differently form subgroups A, B, and E. PMID- 48562 TI - alpha-fetoprotein in noneoplastic hepatic disorders. AB - Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 473 patients with biopsy-proved noneoplastic hepatic disorders; 22% had values greater than 40 ng/ml, whereas only 1 of 350 patients with nonhepatic benign diseases had a value greater than this. Levels exceeded 40 ng/ml in more than 30% of patients with various types of hepatitis, and in 0% to 15% with inactive postnecrotic cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, biliary tract obstruction, and alcoholic liver disease. Values greater than 500 mg/ml were observed solely in viral subacute hepatic necrois. Only one patient had a level exceeding 3,000 ng/ml, the concentration at which alpha-fetoprotein is detectable by agar-gel diffusion. Of 75 patients with hepatoma, serum alpha-fetoprotein levels exceeded 40 ng/ml in 69%, and exceeded 3,000 ng/ml in 48%. These studies indicate that serum alpha fetoprotein levels are elevated in several nonneoplastic hepatic disorders when a sensitive assay is used; this phenomenon may reflect hepatic regeneration. PMID- 48563 TI - Scabies masquerading as dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - Scabies can be easily mistaken for dermatitis herpetiformis because the two conditions have features in common, namely, pruritic papules, vesicles, and crusted erosions in the sacral and gluteal regions. In five patients with scabies who were initially judged clinically to have dermatitis herpetiformis, histological examination was decisive in the eventual correct diagnosis. PMID- 48564 TI - Whipple disease. Occurrence in a 76-year-old man with a 20-year prodrome of arthritis. PMID- 48565 TI - [Congenital insensitivity to pain]. PMID- 48566 TI - [Alpha-fetoprotein. (ii). Alpha-fetoprotein-producing cells in the early stage of liver cancer induced by 3-me-dab]. PMID- 48567 TI - [Consideration on the fluorescent staining method of mouse blood]. PMID- 48568 TI - [Experimental studies on accumulation and disintegration of benzene hexachloride (BHC) compounds in fishes]. PMID- 48569 TI - [Factors affecting induction of liver cancer by BHC and PCBs in mice]. PMID- 48570 TI - [Environmental pollution and traffic volume. (1). Environmental pollution by CO from automobile exhaust gas]. PMID- 48571 TI - [Environmental pollution and traffic volume. (2). On the community's reaction to environmental pollution]. PMID- 48572 TI - [Urinary beta-2-microglobulin level of the inhabitants in cadmium polluted districts]. PMID- 48573 TI - [Diagnostic value of lung scanning with 57Co-Bleomycin]. PMID- 48574 TI - [Palliative operations in inoperable cancer of the lower third of the esophagus and stomach]. PMID- 48575 TI - [Skin changes in the use of the antineoplastic antibiotic bleomycin]. PMID- 48576 TI - [Determination of proteolytic activity of human stomach and duodenum in situ]. PMID- 48577 TI - [Analysis of gastric juice by dialysis]. PMID- 48578 TI - [Method of the acid test in children]. PMID- 48579 TI - [Use of the colorimetric method of determination of nonesterified fatty acids in the blood serum for evaluation of liver function]. PMID- 48580 TI - [Characteristic features of blood serum in mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 48581 TI - [Metabolism of individual amino acids and blood serum urea in infectious hepatitis (Botkin's disease)]. PMID- 48582 TI - [Clinical value of the use of enzymatic UV- and BIO-La tests using the ultramicrosystem in examining patients with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 48583 TI - [Electrophoretic method of determination of haptoglobin with the use of a recording spectrophotometer C-10]. PMID- 48584 TI - [Method of preparation of bile for chromatographic separation of bile acids on paper and their subsequent elution]. PMID- 48585 TI - [Examination of lipid complex and cholic acid in duodenal contents]. PMID- 48586 TI - [Energy of alpha-amylase activation as an indicator of the functional state of the pancreas]. PMID- 48587 TI - [Disc electrophoresis of duodenal juice in polyacrylamide gel (identification methods)]. PMID- 48588 TI - [Isoenzymes of alpha-amylase in duodenal juice of patients with pathology of the pancreas and the adjacent organs]. PMID- 48589 TI - [Detection of amylolytic and proteolytic isoenzymes in biological fluids by the method of disc-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel]. PMID- 48590 TI - [Method of analysis of sputum proteins by the method of electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel]. PMID- 48591 TI - [Determination of the activity of lactase, maltase and alkaline phosphatase in the mucosa of the small intestine of healthy persons]. PMID- 48592 TI - [Examination of patients with malignant neoplasms of the digestive tract and chronic gastritis with the aid of reaction to thioamine compounds]. PMID- 48593 TI - [Method of preparation and use of paper bands with levomycetin for isolation of Shigella]. PMID- 48594 TI - [Hoigner's reaction and its diagnostic value in acute dysentery]. PMID- 48595 TI - [Use of passive hemagglutination inhibition test for diagnosis of Sonne dysentery under conditions of practical laboratory]. PMID- 48596 TI - [Method of preparation of erythrocytic diagnostic agents for detection of antitoxic and antibacterial antibodies in El Tor cholera]. PMID- 48597 TI - [Bacteriological diagnosis of food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus]. PMID- 48598 TI - [Lysogenicity of Shigellae with polyvalent dysentery bacteriophage (according to materials of a hospital for infectious diseases for 1960-1971)]. PMID- 48599 TI - [Study of the virulence of Shigella in the reaction with tripaflavin with the aid of kertoconjunctival test]. PMID- 48600 TI - [Plasmocoagulation of pathogenic enteric bacteria]. PMID- 48601 TI - [Improvement of the method of isolation of the causative agents of acute intestinal diseases]. PMID- 48602 TI - [Device for calcination of biological material]. PMID- 48603 TI - [Activity of pancreatic enzymes of duodenal juice and blood serum in healthy children]. PMID- 48604 TI - [Use of the preparation "Progress" for the inhibition of the rate of growth of Proteus on Levin's medium]. PMID- 48605 TI - A simple method for detecting uric acid in snake excrement by staining. PMID- 48606 TI - Factual palliation with femoropopliteal bypass for salvage. PMID- 48607 TI - Primary versus delayed-primary neurorrhaphy in rat sciatic nerve. PMID- 48608 TI - Ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery anastomosis in children with complex cardiac malformations. Long-term results in 30 cases. AB - In this report, we shall analyze the results obtained with palliative treatment in 30 patients with congenital heart disease who were operated upon at the University Hospital of Caracas during the period 1968 to 1972. In all cases, an ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery anastomosis was performed. Although we believe that the Blalock-Taussig and Potts shunt are satisfactory operations in some cases, at the present time we prefer the aorta-right pulmonary branch anastomosis in Fallots tetralogy and other congenital heart diseases such as single ventricle. In Fallot's tetralogy, particularly, this procedure provides better results, because the anastomosis can be closed through the aorta when these patients are later subjected to total correction with extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 48609 TI - Smoking and myocardial infarction. AB - In a representative series of male patients with primary myocardial infarction the prevalence of smokers prior to infarction was higher than in representative population samples. The difference decreased with increasing age, Those patients generally had a somewhat more severe clinical course than those who continued to smoke. Nevertheless, those who stopped had only half the rate of non-fatal recurrences (P smaller than 0.01) and half the cardiovascular mortality-rate (P smaller than 0.05) of those who continued to smoke. PMID- 48610 TI - Clostridium defficiel in the urogenital tract of males and females. AB - A study of the occurrence of Clostridium difficile in the urogenital tract of males and females revealed higher isolation-rates in patients attending the special (venereal-disease) clinic than in patients attending family-planning and urological clinics. The presence of Cl. difficile in patients with venereal diseases is being investigated to see if the organism is simply an opportunist infecting a urethra disturbed by some antecedent disease, or if it is perhaps a primary cuase of disease. PMID- 48611 TI - Tuberculin reaction in adult Nigerians with sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - Forty-six of sixty-eight rural Nigerian adult patients with sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (P.T.B.) had skin reactions of less than 10 mm. in response to 4 or 5 tuberculin units of purified protein derivative (P.P.D.). The size of the reaction correlated significantly with serum albumin and transferrin concentrations. The diminished reaction in these patients seems to be part of a generalized depression of cell-mediated immunity associated with undernutrition rather than a specific depression of P.P.D. reactivity associated with overwhelming antigen load. It is concluded that the tuberculin test is of no value in the diagnosis of P.T.B. in this community, either in individual cases or epidemiological surveys, unless combined with a biochemical assessment of the person's nutritional status. PMID- 48612 TI - Thymosin-induced reduction of "null cells" in peripheral-blood lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Although thymosin, a thymic hormone, has been shown to restore cellular immunity in NZB/NZW mice, its effect in human systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) and other auto-immune disorders has not been tested. The present study shows for the first time that the proportion of "null cells" in peripheral-blood lymphocytes of patients with active S.L.E. is significantly decreased after in-vitro thymosin treatment. Thymosin has no effect on the percentages of T cells, B cells, and "null" cells in peripheral-blood lymphocytes from normal controls and patients with inactive S.L.E. and active rheumatoid arthritis. These findings suggest that thymosin may play an important part in the pathogenesis and treatment of this condition. PMID- 48613 TI - Microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for chagas' disease. AB - A microscale immunosorbent assay (E.L.I.S.A.) for the measurement of antibody in Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis) is described. The test was assessed on plasma samples from people living in Bahia, Brazil. 98% of the individuals with positive Trypanosoma cruzi immunofluorescent-antibody (I.F.A.) tests gave E.L.I.S.A. reading considered as positive. Less than 2% of those with negative I.F.A. tests had positive E.L.I.S.A. reactions. This simple test may be suitable for use in large seroepidemiological surveys. PMID- 48614 TI - A sebotrophic stimulus in benign and malignant breast disease. AB - The sebum-excretion rate (S.E.R.) has been found to be increased in patients with benign as well as malignant breast disease. The S.E.R. was not increased in patients undergoing surgery for other diseases. It is considered that the sebotrophic hormone may also be mammotrophic. Drugs such as reserpine and the phenothiazines which increase sebum production may perhaps provoke benign as well as malignant breast disease. PMID- 48615 TI - Androgen-induced hepatoma. AB - Three cases of hepatocellular carcinoma are reported in young men who had been taking androgenic-anabolic steroids. The tumours were histologically similar to those described in previous reports. The tumour progressed slowly in two patients during four and seven years of observation, but in the latter bony metastases occurred. In two patients the tumours regressed after administration of the drug was discontinued. These cases strengthen the evidence that exogenous androgenic anabolic steroids may produce liver tumours. The use of these drugs should be confined to serious conditions in which they are known to be effective. Biochemical tests of liver function and serum alphs-fetoprotein estimation are not useful as screening-tests for hepatoma in patients taking androgens, and regular isotopic liver-scanning is recommended. PMID- 48616 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein in antenatal diagnosis of congenital nephrosis. AB - Alpha-fetoprotein (A.F.P,) levels were found to ge significantly raised in maternal serum and amniotic-fluid samples form the 16th and 18th weeks of gestation in a woman with an apparently normal fetus but with histological evidence of congenital nephrosis of the Finnish type. Increased concentrations of A.F.P. in early pregnancy with a living fetus are therefore not specific for neural-tube defects; More likely they result from the fetal circulation. Extended investigations, including kidney morphology, should be done in cases of apparent false-positive A.F.P. tests. PMID- 48617 TI - Editorial: Pulse cytophotometry. PMID- 48618 TI - Editorial: Brucellosis. PMID- 48619 TI - Editorial: Doctors of the European Circuit. PMID- 48620 TI - Editorial: Firemen's lungs. PMID- 48621 TI - Editorial: The energy cost of food production,. PMID- 48622 TI - Editorial: Diving doctors. PMID- 48623 TI - Editorial: The consultants' contract. PMID- 48624 TI - The neonate's immunity gap, breast feeding and cot death. AB - In many mammals infant behaviour imposes a period during which the young will only take the mother's milk. It is suggested that the immunological components of the milk serve in this period to augment the baby's immune system while he traverses from the antigenic isolation of a fetus to his independent defence. In humans almost all cot deaths occur during this phase. Diverse statistics relating to factors associated with greater risk of cot death are drawn on, suggesting that a number of seemingly unconnected factors can all (including lack of breast feeding) be interpreted as potential immunity defaults. This interpretation lends support to the idea of an immune mechanism underlying cot death which in some way is an abnormal response resulting from the default and which, with at least one other precipitating mechanism, leads to death. PMID- 48625 TI - Preoperative laparoscopy in diagnosis of acute abdominal pain. AB - During 1973, 56 patients on one of three general surgical services at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, who were judged to require hospital admission for acute abdominal pain were dividied into two groups. This division was determined by whether or not the physician responsible thought a definite diagnosis could be established on clinical grounds. 27 patients were thought to have a definite diagnosis and underwent laparotomy without preoperative laparoscopy; at laparotomy, 6 of these patients (22%) had no operable lesion. An additional 29 patients had severe abdominal pain and required observation in hospital. An exact diagnosis could not be clinically established in these patients, and many would in the past have required exploratory laparotomy. These 29 patients underwent laparoscopy resulting in all but 1 (4%) having the presence or absence of intra-abdominal disease requiring operative intervention definitely established. At laparoscopy, diagnosis was made in 18 patients who did not require laparotomy while 11 had disease requiring laparotomy after laparoscopy. No complications resulted from laparoscopy. The difference in the median length of stay and hospital charges resulted in a saving of one and a half days in hospital and $87 when laparoscopy rather than explatory laparotomy determined that acute abdominal pain was caused by a condition not requiring surgical intervention. PMID- 48626 TI - Bird-mite infestation in a university hospital. PMID- 48627 TI - Letter: safe sport. PMID- 48628 TI - Letter: Absolutism and alcoholism. PMID- 48629 TI - Letter: Vagotomy. PMID- 48630 TI - Letter: Free fatty acids and arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 48631 TI - Letter: Kupffer cells and cirrhosis. PMID- 48632 TI - Letter: Growth in stature during anticonvulsant therapy. PMID- 48633 TI - Letter: Aspirin in exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 48634 TI - Letter: National Dried Milk. PMID- 48635 TI - Letter: Identity of cervical dysplasias. PMID- 48636 TI - Letter: Treatment of small-cell carcinoma of bronchus. PMID- 48637 TI - Letter: Light on Psoriasis. PMID- 48638 TI - Letter: Polyglycolic-acid suture material in skin closure. PMID- 48639 TI - Letter: cysteamine treatment in paracetamol overdose. PMID- 48640 TI - Letter: Acute pancreatitis. PMID- 48641 TI - Letter: Oxytocic agents and neonatal morbidity. PMID- 48642 TI - Letter: Sphincter Pressure and Sphincter Tension. PMID- 48643 TI - Letter: Chemoimmunotherapy of adult acute leukaemia. PMID- 48644 TI - Letter: Hygiene of babies' incubators. PMID- 48645 TI - Letter: Immunoglobulin standards. PMID- 48646 TI - Letter: 1-18 Corticotrophin and allergy to tetracosactrin-depot. PMID- 48647 TI - Letter: Should elderly hypertensives be treated? PMID- 48648 TI - Letter: Interaction between thyroxine and 35-S-labelled antithyroid drugs. PMID- 48649 TI - Letter: Terminal fittings for medical gas pipelines. PMID- 48650 TI - Letter: Serum-gastrin, achlorhydric atrophic gastritis, and intrinsic-factor secretion. PMID- 48651 TI - Letter: Pigmentation and biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 48652 TI - Letter: chromosome aberrations in workers exposed to vinyl chloride. PMID- 48653 TI - Letter: Activity of nitrofurantoin and nifuratel against anaerobic gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 48654 TI - Letter: Antagonism of oxolinic acid by nitrofurantoin. PMID- 48655 TI - Letter: rosette-forming-lymphocyte counts in cancer of the colon. PMID- 48656 TI - Letter: An emergency service for incontinence. PMID- 48657 TI - Letter: Predisposition for atopy or allergy linked to HL-A. PMID- 48658 TI - Letter: Scanning electron microscopy and the nature of the hairy cell. PMID- 48659 TI - Letter: Syncope after a cold drink. PMID- 48660 TI - Letter: absence of BHAg from cerebrospinal fluid during coma in fulminant hepatitis. PMID- 48661 TI - Letter: In-vitro resotration by levamisole of thymus-derived lymphocyte function in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 48662 TI - Letter: C4 levels and classification of bronchial asthma. PMID- 48663 TI - Letter: Heparin in diabetic hetoacidosis. PMID- 48664 TI - Letter: Altered plasma pharmacokinetics of methotrexate administered intrathecally. PMID- 48665 TI - Letter: Bacteraemia caused by tetracycline-resistant Pneumococcus type 1. PMID- 48666 TI - Letter: Prolactin, levodopa, and migraine. PMID- 48667 TI - Letter: Vitamin-E deficiency in cot deaths. PMID- 48668 TI - Letter: Poison pen? PMID- 48669 TI - Letter: Treatment of acromegaly. PMID- 48670 TI - Letter: Seasonal reduction of slow-wave sleep at an Antarctic coastal station. PMID- 48671 TI - Einhart Kawerau. PMID- 48672 TI - Gastric-acid output, pepsin output, and lean body mass in normal and duodenal ulcer subjects. AB - Gastric-acid output bears a significant relationship to parietal cell mass and to lean body mass. The relationships of pepsin output to gastric-acid output and to lean body mass have been investigated in 13 normal subjects and 40 duodenal-ulcer patients. Peak pepsin output (P.P.O[I]) was stimulated by insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and the enzyme was assayed by Piper's method. Peak acid output to pentagastrin (P.A.O.[Pg] was obtained at a separate test. P.P.O.(I) correlated significantly with P.A.O.(Pg) in normal subjects (r equals 0-889, P less than 0 0001). P.P.O.(I) also showed good correlation with lean body mass (L.B.M.) (r equals 0-714, P less than 0-01), suggesting that P.P.O.(I) reflects peptic cell mass in normal subjects. In 40 duodenal-ulcer subjects there was no significant overall correlation of P.P.O.(I) with P.A.O(Pg) or with L.B.M. However, expressing the results as output of pepsin per milliequivalent of acid per kilogramme of lean body mass allowed separation of the ulcer patients into two groups whose ratios appeared to correlate with their symptomatic state at the time of testing: thus mean P.P.O(I) per meq. acid per kg. L.B.M. for duodenal ulcer patients in relapse was significantly greater than the ratios for the patients in remission and for the normal group (P less than 0-001), suggesting either the presence of an increased sensitivity to insulin stimulation or a lack of pepsin inhibitor substance during a relapse of ulcer symptoms. PMID- 48673 TI - Abnormal leucocyte composition and sodium transport in essential hypertension. AB - Cation transport and electrolyte composition were studied in leucocytes from 17 patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. Significant increases in cell sodium and water contents, associated with a depression of the rate-constant for active sodium efflux, were found in the hypertensive patients. These abnormalities in cell sodium transport may possibly be related to mechanisms of hypertension. PMID- 48674 TI - Triglyceride-production rates in patients with type-4 hypertriglyceridaemia. AB - A new method has been devised to study triglyceride-production rates in man. The clearance of plasma-triglyceride transported on very-low-density lipoproteins (V.L.D.I.) to peripheral tissues is inhibited by about 50 percent with protamine sulphate; and this results in a rise of blood-glycerides over 1 hour. In a group of nine patients with type-IV hypertriglyceridaemia (mean fasting glycerides 252 mg. per 100 ml.) the mean increment of plasma-triglycerides was 29.8 compared with 1.4 mg. per 100 ml. per hour for nine controls whose mean fasting glycerides had been only 105 mg. per 100 ml. Patients with fasting plasma-triglycerides greater than 400 mg. per 100 ml. showed a response to protamine more like controls. It is suggested that patients with type-IV hyperlipaemia and fasting levels of triglycerides less than 400 mg. per 100 ml. are secreting triglycerides into blood at greater rates than controls; whereas patients with sever hypertriglyceridaemia (levels greater than 400 mg. per 100 ml.) may have a defect of triglyceride clearance so that inhibition by protamine produces no further change in level of plasma glycerides. PMID- 48675 TI - Possible toxic water factor in coronary heart-disease. AB - Many reports indicate a significant negative correlation between death-rates for coronary heart-disease (C.H.D.) and water hardness. A reverse situation exists in the twin Kansas cities, U.S.A. Kansas City, Kansas, has water which is more than twice as hard as the softened water of Kansas City, Missouri, from the same source. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were similar, but blood pressure was higher in Kansas City, Kansas, and this correlated with higher serum sodium, lower serum-potassium, and a tenfold higher serum-cadmium. Serum calcium and magnesium levels were higher in Kansas, while copper, chromium, cobalt, and zinc were higher in Missouri. The serum studies were con ducted on two matched groups of 260 adults from each of the sample cities. Hypertension may account for the reverse C.H.D. rate noted and be cadmium related. PMID- 48676 TI - Nucleoside-phosphorylase deficiency in a child with severely defective T-cell immunity and normal B-cell immunity. AB - A 5-year-old girl with a history of recurrent infection and anaemia has no measurable purine nucleoside phosphorylase (N.P.) activity in her red blood cells. Her serum-immunoglobulin levels are normal, as are her antibody responses to thymus dependent and independent antigens. However, she has severe lymphopenia, pronounced depression of lymphocyte response to mitogenic and allogeneic cell stimuli, and greatly decreased T-cell rosette formation. Her parents are second cousins; their red cells contain less than half the normal level of N.P. activity. They also share an unusual N.P. isozyme pattern indicative of molecular hybridisation between catalytically active and inactive subunits, which strongly supports the assumption that they are heterozygous and their daughter is homozygous for a "silent" allele at the N.P. gene locus. Inherited deficiency of adenosine deaminase, an enzyme catalysing a reaction only one metabolic step away from that of N.P., is known to cause immunodeficiency. It is therefore very likely that this patient's lack of demonstrable N.P. activity is responsible for her syndrome. PMID- 48677 TI - Raised amniotic-fluid F.D.P. in fetal neural-tube anomalies. PMID- 48678 TI - Transcutaneous measurement of arterial blood-gas tensions by mass spectrometry. PMID- 48679 TI - Editorial: Transplantation and burns. PMID- 48680 TI - Editorial: Immunological control of fertility. PMID- 48681 TI - Editorial: Sprue again. PMID- 48682 TI - Editorial: Fish and shellfish hygiene. PMID- 48683 TI - Editorial: Mercury spillage. PMID- 48684 TI - Editorial: type-3 hyperlipoproteinaemia. PMID- 48685 TI - Editorial: Chemonucleolysis. PMID- 48686 TI - The cumulative cost of death. PMID- 48687 TI - Non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in a boarding school. AB - A non-toxigenic strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae var. gravis was isolated from 31 boys during an outbreak of sore throats at a boarding school of 15 staff and 134 pupils. Despite the non-toxigenicity of the strain involved, conventional isolation procedures were observed and all boys at the school were treated with antibiotics. Restrictions on the school were only relaxed when no further carriers were detected. The rationale of such management of an episode involving a non-toxigenic strain is discussed. PMID- 48688 TI - Letter: Hyperthermia and cancer. PMID- 48689 TI - Letter: Anatomy and medicine 1975. PMID- 48690 TI - Letter: Medical course at the Open University. PMID- 48691 TI - Letter: Biology, abortion, and ethics. PMID- 48692 TI - Letter: Medical audit. PMID- 48693 TI - Letter: Screening for breast cancer. PMID- 48694 TI - Letter: Screening for sickling. PMID- 48695 TI - Letter: Blood-brain barrier in the human fetus. PMID- 48696 TI - Letter: Lymphoid cells in jejunal mucosa. PMID- 48697 TI - Letter: Social contacts and leukaemia-lymphoma: the Philadelphia chromosome rearrangement. PMID- 48698 TI - Letter: T-associated plasma-cells. PMID- 48699 TI - Letter: Narcotic analgesics and delayed gastric emptying during labour. PMID- 48700 TI - Letter: Tuberculin reaction in sputum-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 48701 TI - Letter: High-density lipoprotein and atherosclerosis. PMID- 48702 TI - Letter: Obesity, diet, and type-II hyperlipidaemia. PMID- 48703 TI - Letter: Coronary heart-disease and blood-cholesterol. PMID- 48704 TI - Letter: Dantrolene ineffective in myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 48705 TI - Letter: Calcitonin release provoked by intravenous pentagastrin in medullary carcinoma of thyroid. PMID- 48706 TI - Letter: Tryptophan and hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 48707 TI - Letter: Is blood containing anti-HBs infective? PMID- 48708 TI - Letter: Moorgate tube disaster: disputed alcohol findings. PMID- 48709 TI - Letter: Glucagon in pathogenesis of diabetes. PMID- 48710 TI - Letter: Prison and humanity. PMID- 48711 TI - Letter: Simian viruses. PMID- 48712 TI - Letter: Serum enzyme assays with commercial kits. PMID- 48713 TI - Letter: Blood-lead in children. PMID- 48714 TI - Letter: Lipoid nephrosis and focal glomerulosclerosis in a patient with polymyositis. PMID- 48715 TI - Letter: HL-A antigens in essential hypertension. PMID- 48716 TI - Letter: Lithium and magnesium-dependent enzymes. PMID- 48717 TI - Letter: New smoking products. PMID- 48718 TI - Letter: Genetic disorders in gypsies. PMID- 48719 TI - Letter: Sex-chromosome loss in human tumours. PMID- 48720 TI - Letter: Help for the doctors. PMID- 48721 TI - Letter: New End hospital. PMID- 48722 TI - Letter: Training in family planning. PMID- 48723 TI - Phagocytosis in patients and carriers of chronic granulomatous disease. AB - The phagocytic capacity of leucocytes from four patients and two carriers of chronic granulomatous disease (C.G.D.) was compared to that of normal leucocytes. Leucocytes from C.G.D. patients phagocytised more Staphylococcus aureus than did normal leucocytes after 5, 10, and 20 minutes of incubation. Phagocytosis by leucocytes from two carriers of C.G.D. was intermediate between that in the patients and in controls. In contrast, phagocytosis of Streptococcus faecalis, an organism readily killed by C.G.D. leucocytes, was similar for control and C.G.D. leucocytes. Enhanced phagocytosis may represent an attempt by leucocytes to compensate for a bactericidal abnormality. In addition, these observations may partly explain why carriers of C.G.D. are not more susceptible to infection despite abnormal leucocyte function. Detection of carriers using the described assay of phagocytosis appears relatively simple compared to previously described methods. PMID- 48724 TI - Lymph-node biopsy during simple mastectomy. AB - The distribution of pectoral (external mammary) nodes identified during the operation and removed with the axillary tail of the breast was studied in 45 patients treated by simple (total) mastectomy. Up to 13 nodes may lie within the axillary tail, and these are continuous with the pectoral nodes. Lymph-nodes were identified in 90 percent of patients treated by simple (total) mastectomy without dissection of the axilla. PMID- 48725 TI - Antibody to cultured human insulinoma cells in insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - Circulating antibodies to live tissue-cultured human-insulinoma cells were identified in 34 out of 39 insulin-dependent diabetic patients by an indirect immunofluorescent technique. The antibodies were unrelated to insulin therapy since 8 of 9 sera obtained before insulin-replacement treatment were antibody positive and the test results were not influenced by prior addition of porcine insulin to sera. The antibodies were of the IgM and IgG classes. The findings suggest that autoimmune mechanisms are important in the pathogenesis of most cases of insulin-requiring diabetes. PMID- 48726 TI - Is there an increase in monoamine-oxidase activity in depressive illness? AB - In a group of depressed patients who had either been treated with or considered suitable for monoamine oxidase (M.A.O.) inhibitor therapy, a highly significant decrease in conjugated tyramine output was observed after an oral tyramine load compared with normal controls. However, there was no difference in conjugated isoprenaline output between the two groups after isoprenaline ingestion, even though this amine is almost solely metabolised by what is likely to be the same conjugation mechanism. Whilst some explanation in terms of altered gut motility is conceivable, it seems more likely that the apparent deficit in tyramine conjugation in depression represents an increase in functional M.A.O. activity. Consequently, this enzyme would metabolise a greater proportion of available amine, causing a proportionately large decrease in the smaller conjugate pool. PMID- 48727 TI - Controlled trial of glycerol versus dexamethasone in the treatment of cerebral oedema in acute cerebral infarction. AB - 10 percent glycerol was given for 6 days to 30 patients who had had acute ischaemic cerebral infarction, and the results were compared with those obtained after treating 31 similar patients with dexamethasone (16 mg. per 24 hours for 6 days). 1 patient treated with glycerol died of haemoglobinuria and acute renal failure. 6 patients treated with dexamethasone died--3 from cerebral oedema and 3 from non-neurological complications (pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, and aspiration pneumonia). Improvement was significantly greater in the glycerol group after 8 and 15 days. No improvement was noted using either glycerol or dexamethasone in 7 patients with spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. PMID- 48728 TI - High blood-pressure: a risk factor for cancer mortality? AB - Univariate and multivariate analyses have been made of the relationship of systolic and diastolic blood-pressure measured at study entry to subsequent 14 year mortality among 1233 White males originally age 40-59 in 1958 from the Chicago Peoples Gas Company prospective study. With age, serum-cholesterol, and cigarettes per day controlled, both elevated systolic and electaed diastolic blood-pressure in 1958 were found to be strongly related to subsequent mortality from cancer in the men of this study. The possibility that this finding was due either to an association between antihypertensive medication in general, and cancer, or to an association was found that could explain the excess cancer mortality among those with elevated blood-pressure in 1958, either with medication in general, or with reserpine and rauwolfia in particular. These findings thus pose the question, is high blood-pressure associated with an increased risk of death due to cancer? PMID- 48729 TI - New complement-fixation test for the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis. Nebraska calf diarrhea virus used as antigen. AB - A complement-fixation (C.F.) test for the human reovirus-like agent of infantile gastroenteritis has been developed using the serologically related Nebraska calf diarrhoea virus (N.C.D.V.) as antigen. Most infants and children who shed the agent in stools and/or who demonstrated serological (C.F.) evidence of infection with a reovirus-like-particle-positive human stool-filtrate C.F. antigen also demonstrated serological evidence of infection when a concentrated N.C.D.V. preparation was employed AS C.F. antigen. The N.C.D.V., which was previously shown to be related to the human reovirus-like agent, was found to be related antigenically to the epizootic diarrhoea of infant mice (E.D.I.M.) virus also. Studies on the prevalence of C.F. antibody in sera from infants and young children revealed a pattern of rapid acquisition of antibody to both the human reovirus-like agent and the N.C.D.V. as over 80 percent of these individuals possessed antibody to each agent by 36 months of age. A strong positive association was found in the results obtained with the two antigens. The ready availability of cell-culture grown N.C.D.V., and its ability to serve as a "substitute" C.F. antigen for the human reovirus-like agent, should enable the serodiagnosis of many cases of disease due to the human agent and facilitate seroepidemiological studies of such infections. In addition, the observation that a large proportion of individuals infected with the human reovirus-like agent develop serological evidence of infection not only to the human agent but to the calf agent as well may have important implications in the immunoprophylaxis of disease caused by the human reovirus-like agent. PMID- 48730 TI - Hepatitis due to aflatoxicosis. An outbreak in Western India. AB - Parts of Western India have experienced an outbreak of hepatitis affecting man and dogs and characterised by jaundice, rapidly developing ascites, portal hypertension, and a high mortality-rate. The disease was associated with the consumption of maize contaminated heavily with Aspergillus flavus. Analysis of contaminated samples showed that affected people could have consumed between 2 and 6 mg. of aflatoxin daily over a period of a month. A specimen of liver obtained at necropsy showed bileduct proliferation and giant cells. The disease appears to be a result of aflatoxicosis. PMID- 48731 TI - Sunlight and hypercalciuria. AB - Urinary calcium and magnesium excretion was measured in two groups of soldiers leaving the temperate climate of the united Kingdom for service in the Persian Gulf. In one group urinary calcium levels and magnesium/calcium ratios were similar, ten days after arrival in the Gulf during the "cold season", to those found in the U.K. The other group went to the Gulf in the "hot season", and calcium excretion rose immediately to levels comparable with those found in the first group after eight months. Mg/Ca ratios fell to levels seen in stonformers, and 2 of 91 soldiers followed up for three years have had urinary calculi. Increased exposure to sunlight seems to be the most likely cause of the hypercalciuria. PMID- 48732 TI - Ultrasound in the diagnosis of spina bifida. AB - Three patients who were at risk of having a baby with a neural-tube defect were investigated by ultrasonic examination and alpha-fetoprotein (A;F.P.) estimation. In all three cases amniotic-fluid A.F.P. levels were significantly raised and pregnancy was terminated. In the first case ultrasound failed to detect a small lumbo-sacral meningocele; In the second case ultrasound successfully diagnosed a dorso-lumbar meningo-myelocele but did not recognise internal hydrocephalus. In the third case ultrasound did not define any lesion, and pathological examination of the fetus revealed no abnormality. It is concluded that ultrasonic examination is an important diagnostic technique in the antneatal investigation of spina bifida. PMID- 48733 TI - Pleomorphic virus-like particles in human faeces. AB - Pleomorphic fringed particles bearing some resemblance to orthomyxoviruses and coronaviruses were seen in 90 percent of stools from south Indian children and adults but not in stools from neonates. This finding may be related to the abnormalities of intestinal structure and function common in this region of India. PMID- 48734 TI - Pathogenesis of nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma. AB - Two concepts are advanced to explain some fo the puzzling biochemical features found in nonketotic hyperosmolar diabetic coma. It is firstly suggested that an insulinised liver (reflecting residual beta-cell secretory activity) coexists with a diabetic periphery, thereby inactivating intrahepatic oxidation of incoming free fatty acids, which are directed largly along nonketogenic metabolic pathways such as triglyceride synthesis. This could account for the lack of hyperketonaemia. Secondly, it is hypothesised that within the liver enhanced neoglucogenesis occurs, due to the prevailing portal-vein into ratio of glucagon to insulin, and is mainly responsible for the development of massive hyperglycaemia. PMID- 48735 TI - Editorial: Fluorocarbon aerosol propellants. PMID- 48736 TI - Editorial: Why does peptic ulcer happen? PMID- 48737 TI - Editorial: Gene frequencies and history. PMID- 48739 TI - Editorial: Clinical decision (by numbers). PMID- 48738 TI - Editorial: Bromocriptine. PMID- 48740 TI - Surgical treatment of typhoid perforation. AB - The treatment of perforation of the ileum in 50 cases of typhoid fever is reviewed. Because of the risk of reperforation after surgical closure of a perforation, wedge excision of the ulcer if there is a single area of diseases bowel or segmental resection of the ileum if the ileum is more extensively affected are recommended. PMID- 48741 TI - Another new start for the health service? PMID- 48742 TI - Letter Prevention of chenodeoxycholic-acid toxicity with lincomycin. PMID- 48743 TI - Letter: Clofibrate and gallstones. PMID- 48744 TI - Letter: Epidemiology of leukaemia. PMID- 48745 TI - Letter: Chromosomes and malignancy. PMID- 48746 TI - Letter: Parkinsonism and dementia: effects of levodopa. PMID- 48747 TI - Letter: Dopamine and the peripheral autonomic nervous system.?215. PMID- 48748 TI - Letter: Medical course at the Open University. PMID- 48750 TI - Letter: Women doctor's retainer scheme. PMID- 48749 TI - Letter: Overseas doctors in the health service. PMID- 48751 TI - Letter: Medical audit. PMID- 48752 TI - Letter: Electrical hazards of disposable monitoring electrodes. PMID- 48753 TI - Letter: Mortality and water softness. PMID- 48754 TI - Letter: Urine microscopy in detection of bacteriuria. PMID- 48755 TI - Letter: Chronic low-level lead exposure and mental retardation. PMID- 48756 TI - Letter: Elective induction of labour. PMID- 48757 TI - Letter: Whooping-cough vaccination. PMID- 48758 TI - Letter: Hyperlipidaemia after renal transplantation. PMID- 48759 TI - Letter: Is your iron and iron-binding capacity really necessary? PMID- 48760 TI - Letter: Blood-lipids in renal disease. PMID- 48761 TI - Letter: Body potassium during prolonged thiazide therapy. PMID- 48762 TI - Letter: Neuroblastoma, immunodeficiency, and catecholamines. PMID- 48763 TI - Letter: Acute pancreatitis. PMID- 48764 TI - Letter: Disturbed brain tryptophan metabolism in hepatic coma. PMID- 48765 TI - Letter: Viruses in acute summer gastroenteritis in black infants. PMID- 48766 TI - Letter: Antithrombin activity in homocystinuria. PMID- 48767 TI - Letter: HL-A 27 (W27) absent in gonococcal arthritis. PMID- 48768 TI - Letter: Collapse after prazosin hydrochloride. PMID- 48769 TI - Letter: Vitamin-E deficiency in cot deaths. PMID- 48770 TI - Carlos Paton Blacker. PMID- 48771 TI - Harry Leslie Shepherd. PMID- 48772 TI - Cuthbert Leslie Cope. PMID- 48773 TI - Comparison of arrhythmia computer and conventional monitoring in coronary-care unit. AB - Conventional methods of monitoring arrhythmias impose heavy demands on staff and are unreliable. On-line arrhythmia computers have been developed to overcome these problems, but there has been no critical evaluation of the functioning of such a system in a clinical setting. A comparison was made of the efficacy of two methods of monitoring in detecting arrhythmias in sixty-four patients in a coronary-care unit. Half the patients were monitored by a commercially available arrhythmia computer; the other half were monitored by conventional means with a rate-triggered alarm system. More than 99 percent of episodes of potentially serious ventricular arrhythmias were detected by the computer; 95 percent of patients with these arrhythmias were treated immediately. In those monitored by conventional means, a large proporation of such arrhythmias were unrecognised: only 17 percent of affected patients received immediate antiarrhythmic therapy. In 30 percent, treatment was delayed for several hours, and none was given in 52 percent. False alarms occurred with both systems but were more readily recognised as such in the computer-monitored patients. It is concluded that an arrhythmia computer improves the standards of arrhythmia detection, leads to quicker institution of treatment, and diminishes the demand on skilled staff. PMID- 48774 TI - Breath hydrogen as a diagnostic method for hypolactasia. AB - Breath hydrogen (H2), collected by end-expiratory sampling, was measured in twenty-five patients with abdominal symptoms or diarrhoea after ingesting 50 g. of lactose. This was compared with established tests of hypolactasia. Fifteen patients with a blood-glucose rise of more than 20 mg. per 100 ml. had less than 4 parts per million (p.p.m.) rise in breath H2 at 2 hours. In contrast, ten patients with blood-glucose rises of less than 20 mg. per 100 ml. had more than a 20 p.p.m. H2 rise (mean 85.8 p.p.m. plus or minus s.d. 44.3) at 2 hours. Similarly, two patients with normal jejunal lactase activity had no significant H2 production, whereas six patients with hypolactasia had more than a 20 p.p.m. rise in H2. Symptoms related to milk or lactose ingestion were found to be unreliable. End-expiratory sampling of breath H2 would seem to be a simple, non invasive, and accurate method of diagnosing hypolactasia, which is also very acceptable to patients. This should make it a valuable tool both in diagnostic gastroenterology and in epidemiological surveys. PMID- 48775 TI - Rubella-virus infection in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Antibody activity against mumps, measles, polio, and rubella viruses was determined in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (J.R.A.), rubella vaccine associated arthritis, adult rheumatoid arthritis, other chronic systemic disorders (e.g., systemic lupus and dermatomyositis), and in a matched population of normal, non-rheumatoid (control) children. The antibody levels against mumps, measles, and poliovirus were similar in all patients. Rubella-antibody levels in rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic disorders were similar to those observed in controls. The mean rubella-antibody levels in rubella-vaccine arthritis were 4 times higher than in controls. The IgM and IgG rubella-antibody levels in J.R.A. were found to be 4-6 times higher when compared to titres observed in the controls. Highest antibody levels were seen in younger children with J.R.A. Detection of rubella-virus antigen was attempted by immunofluorescence in the sediment smears of synovial fluid of patients with J.R.A., adult rheumatoid arthritis, and other non-rheumatoid joint diseases. Specific staining for rubella virus antigen was observed in the synovial fluid of 33 percent of patients with J.R.A. No antigen was detected in the synovial fluid from other patients. These observations suggest a possible role of rubella-virus infection in J.R.A. PMID- 48776 TI - Masked primary (or tertiary) hyperparathyroidism. AB - Two patients are described in whom the preliminary clinical and laboratory investigations suggested a diagnosis of osteomalacia, from gluten-sensitive enteropathy in one and from anticonvulsant therapy in the other. However, when the primary disease was corrected by diet and extra vitamin D, respectively, both patients developed hypercalcaemia. A standard hydrocortisone test in the second patient failed to reduce the hypercalcaemia. In both patients parathyroid tumours were found at operation. It is suggested that both patients had tertiary hyperparathyroidism in which the normally tell-tale hypercalcaemia was at first masked by the other abnormalities, and that this masking may account for some cases reported as having normocalcaemic primary (or tertiary) hyperpatathyroidism. Interpretation of total plasma-calcium is likely to be unreliable unless the 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels can be shown or assumed to be normal. PMID- 48777 TI - Auditory evoked responses in multiple sclerosis. AB - The early components of the auditory evoked responses (waves I-V) have been studied in 30 patients with multiple sclerosis. There were abnormalities in 22 patients. All patients with an internuclear ophthalmoplegia and half those with no detectable brainstem abnormality had abnormal responses, although none was clinically deaf. PMID- 48778 TI - Impairment of platelet function by growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone. AB - Synthetic cyclic growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone (G.H.-R.I.H.) impaired platelet aggregation in each of four healthy men given 6-hour infusions. The effects lasted over 24 hours in three of them. There was no consistent change in platelet-counts during the infusions, but 18 hours after the end of the infusions there was a slight but significant increase in platelet-count. There was no change in prothrombin-time, partial thromboplastin-time, fibrinogen titres, and fibrinogen-degradation products. Incubation of G.H.-R.I.H. with blood in vitro did not affect platelet aggregation. Similar impairment of platelet function has been reported by others in baboons given linear G.H.-R.I.H. Infusions in the four healthy men studied also produced abdominal pain, dizziness, and diarrhoea in three, as have been reported in patients similarly infused. Although other side effects or impairment of platelet-counts or bleeding-tendencies have not been reported in patients infused for up to 72 hours, caution should be exercised when using G.H.-R.I.H. over extended periods until further data on its toxicity are available. PMID- 48779 TI - Doxantrazole, an antiallergic agent orally effective in man. AB - In-vivo studies have demonstrated antiallergic properties in doxantrazole when given orally to rats. These properties were confirmed in work with in-vitro preparations. No significant animal toxicity has been detected. 200 mg. given by mouth inhibited the immediate-type asthmatic response in volunteer patients challenged with specific antigen. PMID- 48780 TI - Editorial: Breast cancer now. PMID- 48781 TI - Editorial: P.V.C., plasticisers, and the paediatrician. PMID- 48782 TI - Editorial: Questions on the pill. PMID- 48783 TI - Editorial: L'affaire Pradal. PMID- 48784 TI - Editorial: Iron supplements for blood-donors. PMID- 48785 TI - Editorial: Physiological measurement. PMID- 48786 TI - Editorial: Psychosurgery on trial. PMID- 48787 TI - Drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A systematic approach. PMID- 48788 TI - Management and advice at the grass roots. AB - The new management structure of the National Health Service leaves a gap between multidisciplinary management at district level and the multiprofessional clinical teams caring for patients. This gap is not satisfactorily bridged by single profession sector management or existing advisory machinery. This is most clearly seen for community services, and experience of a possible solution in an experimental community hospital setting is described. PMID- 48789 TI - Letter: The methylfolate-trap hypothesis. PMID- 48790 TI - Letter: Biopsy in carcinoma of breast. PMID- 48791 TI - Letter: Viruses in water. PMID- 48792 TI - Letter: Fish and shellfish hygiene. PMID- 48793 TI - Letter: "Apparent" urinary infections. PMID- 48794 TI - Letter: Lead in drinking-water and mental retardation. PMID- 48795 TI - Letter: The cost of death. PMID- 48796 TI - Letter: Anatomy and medicine 1975. PMID- 48797 TI - Letter: Consumer representation in health-centre management. PMID- 48798 TI - Letter: Tests for immigrant doctors. PMID- 48799 TI - Letter: 40-hour contract for junior hospital doctors. PMID- 48800 TI - Letter: Serum-alkaline-phosphatase during maintenance haemodialysis. PMID- 48801 TI - Letter: C3 standards. PMID- 48802 TI - Letter: Smoking and health. PMID- 48803 TI - Letter: Assessment of cadaveric kidneys for transplantation. PMID- 48804 TI - Letter: Bone-marrow cells resistant to chloramphenicol in chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anaemia. PMID- 48805 TI - Letter: Transplantation and burns. PMID- 48806 TI - Letter: Peptic ulcer. PMID- 48807 TI - Letter: Plasma-iron and iron-binding capacity. PMID- 48808 TI - Letter: Osteitis condensans ilii. PMID- 48809 TI - Letter: Clinical significance of HBsAg subtypes D and Y in acute viral hepatitis B. PMID- 48810 TI - Letter: Coronavirus particles in faeces from patients with gastroenteritis. PMID- 48811 TI - Letter: Duovirus in New Zealand. PMID- 48812 TI - Letter: HBAg subtypes in glomerulonephritis. PMID- 48813 TI - Letter: Hepatitis-B antigen and serological evidence of syphilis. PMID- 48814 TI - Letter: Hepanosticon in screening for HBsAg. PMID- 48815 TI - Letter: Frequency of hepatitis-B infection in artificial-kidney unit and blood procurement staff. PMID- 48816 TI - Letter: Pathogenesis of myelopathy in cervical spondylosis. PMID- 48817 TI - Letter: Phenacetin-containing analgesics and chronic renal disease. PMID- 48818 TI - Letter: Effect of ketamine on creatine phosphokinase levels. PMID- 48819 TI - Letter: Zinc deficiency and cellular immune deficiency in acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 48820 TI - Letter: Increased copper/zinc ratios in acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 48821 TI - Letter: Patient response to induction of labour. PMID- 48822 TI - Letter: Linoleic acid in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 48823 TI - Letter: Vitamins and oral contraceptive use. PMID- 48824 TI - Letter: Inborn error of carnitine metabolism ("carnitine deficiency") in man. PMID- 48825 TI - Letter: Extrapyramidal diseases and dementia. PMID- 48826 TI - Letter: Adrenal suppression by clobetasol propionate. PMID- 48827 TI - Letter: Down syndrome in India. PMID- 48828 TI - Letter: Congenital-malformation rates and spontaneous-abortion rates. PMID- 48829 TI - Letter: Nomenclature of thyroid-stimulating antibodies. PMID- 48830 TI - Letter: D-penicillamine-induced membranous glomerulonephritis. PMID- 48831 TI - Letter: Laxan nephropathy. PMID- 48832 TI - Randomised clinical trial of strategies for improving medication compliance in primary hypertension. AB - 230 Canadian steelworkers with hypertension took part in a randomised trial to see if compliance with antihypertensive drug regimens could be improved. For care and follow-up these men were randomly allocated to see either their own family doctors outside working-hours or industrial physicians during work shifts; the same men were randomly allocated to receive or not receive an educational programme aimed at instructing them about hypertension and its treatment. Surprisingly, the convenience of follow-up at work had no effect upon these men's compliance with antihypertensive drug regimens. Similarly, although men receiving health education learned a lot about hypertension, they were not more likely to take their medicine. PMID- 48833 TI - Plasma exchange in the management of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. AB - Two young women with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and coronary and aortic atheroma were treated by repeated plasma exchange, using a continuous-flow blood-cell separator, for 4 and 8 months. A pronounced reduction in plasma cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (L.D.L.) concentrations was achieved by exchanging each patient's plasma with cholesterol-free plasma protein fraction (B.P.), at 3-weekly intervals on an outpatient basis. By pre-labelling the patients' cholesterol with 14-C and comparing the specific activity of the cholesterol in adipose tissue with that in plasma, evidence was obtained of an influx of tissue cholesterol into plasma after each exchange. There was no side effects and both patients lost their angina. Plasma exchange offers a new and practical approach to the long-term management of this lethal disorder and may also provide information about the possible reversibility of human atheroma. PMID- 48834 TI - Relative efficacy of blood, urine, rectal swab, bone-marrow, and rose-spot cultures for recovery of Salmonella typhi in typhoid fever. AB - The recovery of Salmonella typhi from blood, rectal swab, urine, bone-marrow, and rose spots was compared in 62 patients with typhoid fever, most of whom had received some antibiotic therapy before presentation. S. typhi was isolated from culture of bone-marrow in 56 patients (90%); in contrast, S. typhi was recovered from blood in only 25 (40%), from stool in 23 (37%), and urine in 4 (7%). S. typhi was isolated from 24 (63%) of 38 patients who had rose-spot cultures. If culture sites had been limited to blood, stool, and urine, the bacteriological diagnosis would have been missed in 24 patients. PMID- 48835 TI - Modification by propranolol of cardiovascular effects of induced hypoglycaemia. AB - The cardiovascular effects of hypoglycaemia, with and without beta-blockade, were compared in fourteen healthy men. Eight received insulin alone, and eight, including two of the original insulin-only group, were given propranolol and insulin. In the insulin-group the period of hypoglycaemia was associated with an increase in heart-rate and a fall in diastolic blood-pressure. In the propranolol insulin group there was a significant fall in heart-rate in most subjects and an increase in diastolic pressure. Typical S-T/T changes occurred in the insulin group but in none of the propranolol-insulin group. Hypertension in diabetics prone to hypoglycaemia attacks should not be treated with beta-blockers because these drugs may cause a sharp rise in blood-pressure in such patients. PMID- 48836 TI - Use of co-trimoxazole in chronic renal failure. AB - Twenty patients with chronic renal failure and either urinary or respiratory tract infection were treated with co-trimoxazole. Seventeen patients showed no deterioration in renal function while receiving co-trimoxazole. Deterioration in renal function during treatment in the other three patients was due to factors other than administration of the drug. It is concluded that co-trimoxazole can be used in patients with chronic renal failure provided the dose is adjusted according to the degree of renal failure. PMID- 48837 TI - Breast cancer, prostaglandins, and bone metastases. AB - Human malignant breast tumours from 23 patients contained and synthesised more prostaglandin-like material than normal breast tissue from the same patients or benign neoplasms (5 patients). Bone metastases were associated with tumours having high levels of P.G.-like material, which usually resembled P.G.F compounds, and this may be important since some P.G.S are potent bone-resorbing substances. PMID- 48838 TI - Growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone in gastrointestinal and pancreatic D cells. AB - The normal pancreatic D cell has been well recognised since 1931, but its secretory product has not been identified with certainty. Combined immunocytochemical methods, and histological methods for endocrine granules, have demonstrated that it contains a product with G.H.-R.I.H.-like immunoreactivity. G.H.-R.I.H. has also been localised in the upper gastrointestinal tract, tentatively in the morphologically similar D cell of the Wiesbaden classification. The potent actions of this peptide on pancreatic and gastrointestinal function suggest that it may play an important role in digestive physiology. PMID- 48839 TI - Grey-scale ultrasonography for monitoring industrial exposure to hepatotoxic agents. AB - Industrial exposure to several potentially hepatotoxic agents, such as vinyl chloride monomer may occur, and there is a need for non-vasive, diagnostic techniques to detect and monitor progressive pathological processes in liver or spleen. Grey-scale ultrasonography permits display of detailed anatomy and pathology in the liver, portal veins, and spleen. The combination of fine resolution, non-invasiveness, absence of ionising radiation hazard, and portable equipment makes the technique ideal for screening populations at risk. PMID- 48840 TI - Errors in metabolic regulation. A common group of metabolic disorders. AB - It is postulated that errors in metabolic regulation occur when aminoacid subsitutions or conformational changes occur at allosteric sites on proteins. The cell thus contains its full complement of enzymes, carrier proteins, and receptors, but these proteins do not respond normally to microenvironmental agents such as hormones or activator or inhibitor metabolites. Regulatory errors differ from the classical inborn errors in a number of respects: they can be acquired as well as inherited, when due to defects at allosteric inhibitory sites they lead to loss of regulation of metabolic pathways with oversynthesis of metabolic products without gross accumulation of abnormal intermediates, and they can be treated, in principle, by enzyme inhibitors rather than by enzyme replacement, as for inborn errors. PMID- 48841 TI - Editorial: What future of perinatal care? PMID- 48842 TI - Editorial: Myasthenia gravis. PMID- 48843 TI - Editorial: The battered. PMID- 48844 TI - Editorial: Post-mortem alcohol. PMID- 48846 TI - Editorial: Conscious and subconscious control of blood-pressure. PMID- 48845 TI - Editorial: Typhoid fever in Mexico. PMID- 48847 TI - Editorial: There, but for the grace of God. PMID- 48848 TI - Cigarette smoking and respiratory ill-health in the British army. AB - The smoking habits and morbidity experiences of a cohort of soldiers have been studied from 1959 to 1969. In 1959 the cohort contained 4052 junior entrants to the Army, aged 15-18; in 1969 there remained 1412 men, by then aged 25-28. Between 1964 and 1969 there has been a slight but significant decrease in the prevalence of smoking, but amongst the smokers there has been little change in the number of cigarettes smoked. The cohort's 1969 prevalence of smoking was slightly above the national average of 70% for males of the same age, but the servicemen are heavier smokers than their civilian counterparts. Comparison of the morbidity experience for respiratory conditions in terms of inpatient admissions over 10 years reveals a significant excess for smokers of twenty or more cigarettes a day when compared with non-smokers. The difference between the two categories represents an estimated 130 days of inpatient care per 1000 men per year. PMID- 48849 TI - Letter: Medical care of childhood leukaemia. PMID- 48850 TI - Letter: Recognition of diphtheria. PMID- 48851 TI - Letter: Copper and steely hair. PMID- 48852 TI - Letter: Metronidazole in Crohn's disease. PMID- 48853 TI - Letter: Dapsone in Crohn's disease. PMID- 48854 TI - Letter: Crohn's disease: a follow-up of two patients. PMID- 48855 TI - Letter: Safety cabinets and isolation units. PMID- 48856 TI - Letter: Cooperation between social workers and general practitioners. PMID- 48857 TI - Letter: Two universal needs in U.K. medical schools. PMID- 48858 TI - Letter: Women doctor's retainer scheme. PMID- 48859 TI - Letter: Medical audit. PMID- 48860 TI - Letter: The future of psychiatry. PMID- 48861 TI - Letter: Mechanical factors in atherosclerosis. PMID- 48862 TI - Letter: Onion and garlic in experimental atherosclerosis. PMID- 48863 TI - Letter: Electrical hazards of disposable monitoring electrodes. PMID- 48864 TI - Letter: Iron deficiency and infection. PMID- 48865 TI - Letter: Management of perforated typhoid ulcer. PMID- 48866 TI - Letter: Elective induction of labour. PMID- 48867 TI - Letter: Genetic disorders in gypsies. PMID- 48868 TI - Letter: Lithium, calcium, and phosphate. PMID- 48869 TI - Letter: Polyglycolic-acid sutures and hypertrophic scars. PMID- 48870 TI - Letter: Doctors and freedom of information. PMID- 48871 TI - Letter: Gonadoblastoma in dysgenetic gonads with a Y chromosome. PMID- 48872 TI - Letter: Metoclopramide in parkinsonism. PMID- 48873 TI - Letter: Parkinsonism and dementia: effects of levodopa. PMID- 48874 TI - Letter: Biting the breast that feeds him. PMID- 48875 TI - Letter: Surfeit of sodium in softened water. PMID- 48876 TI - Letter: Weight carrying after myocardial infarction. PMID- 48877 TI - Letter: Levamisole and lymphocyte responsiveness. PMID- 48878 TI - Letter: Normal recirculation of T lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 48879 TI - Letter: Phagocytosis in chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 48880 TI - Letter: Action of hepatitis-B antigen on Nicotiana sylvestris and Vigna sinensis. PMID- 48881 TI - Letter: Cervical arthorosis in a young man subjected to electric shock during imprisonment. PMID- 48882 TI - Letter: Analogues of growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone. PMID- 48883 TI - Letter: Infantile chronic relapsing inflammation of the brain, skin, and joints. PMID- 48884 TI - Letter: Blood-lipids in renal disease. PMID- 48885 TI - Letter: Glucose tolerance in idiopathic calcium-stone formation. PMID- 48886 TI - Letter: Plasma vitamin A and zinc concentration in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 48887 TI - Letter: Cigarette smoking, tar content, and death-rates from lung cancer in Australian men. PMID- 48888 TI - Letter: C.I.E. in meningococcal infection. PMID- 48889 TI - Letter: Chromosome polymorphism and prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 48890 TI - Anthony Feiling. PMID- 48891 TI - Vincent Kirwan Summers. PMID- 48892 TI - Nigel Ashworth Barnicot. PMID- 48893 TI - Letter: Medical control over labour. PMID- 48894 TI - Comparison of procainamide and mexiletine in prevention of ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. AB - The incidence of ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction has been compared in a controlled study of procainamide, mexiletine, and placebo. Sixty male patients who has sustained a myocardial infarction and had received lignocaine for ventricular tachycardia or ventricular ectopic beats which were R on-T, multiform, or close-coupled took part. The efficacy of the drugs was evaluated by continuous 24-hour recordings of the electrocardiogram on the 4th and 10th days after admission to the study. Procainamide was given as 500 mg. 4 hourly and mexiletine as 250 mg. 8-hourly with corresponding placebo regimens for 12 days. 77% of patients receiving placebo showed serious ventricular rhythm disorders compared with 33% receiving antiarrhythmic therapy (p smaller than 0.05). Although only 35% of patients receiving procainamide achieved accepted therapeutic plasma concentrations compared with 95% of those receiving mexiletine, both drugs were equally effective antiarrhythmically. The only major adverse effect of therapy noted was development of a positive antinuclear factor in a procainamide-treated patient. These results demonstrate the efficacy of oral antiarrhythmic agents in the management of ventricular arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. Mexiletine has the advantage of less frequent administration and lower toxicity. PMID- 48895 TI - Outcome of surgery in 40 children with temporal-lobe epilepsy. AB - Temporal-lobe epilepsy commonly has its origins in childhood, particularly when the lesion involved is mesial temporal (Ammon's horn) Sclerosis. Evidence suggests that this lesion is probably a common cause of chronic epilepsy in adults and that often it is probably the result of a severe febrile convulsion in infancy. 40 children, fifteen years of age and younger, who had an anterior temporal lobectomy were followed up for one to twenty-four years. The findings confirm those already established in adults, that the best results of surgery, not only in seizure relief but also in behaviour, are obtained when mesial temporal sclerosis is the lesion found at operation, and also indicate that a severe febrile convulsion in infancy is often the chief provocative factor in the development of epilepsy. PMID- 48896 TI - Influence of treatment with diet alone on oral glucose-tolerance test and plasma sugar and insulin levels in patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. AB - Oral glucose-tolerance test (O.G.T.T.) plasma sugar and insulin levels were measured in 118 newly diagnosed maturity-onset diabetic patients before and after treatment with diet alone for periods of 2 and 6 months. The results of glucose tolerance tests carried out during treatment could be predicted from the initial test and the weight reduction between the tests. This prediction was not improved by the addition of further variables, including age, obesity, and plasma-insulin levels during the first test. The change in O.C.T.T. plasma-insulin between the first and second tests was predicted by the result of the initial tests, the improvement of glucose tolerance between the two tests, and the degree of weight reduction. 95% of the group achieved some improvement of glucose tolerance after 2 months of dietary treatment, and 59% of the group achieved adequate diabetic control by this time. It is concluded that treatment with diet alone should be the first-line management for patients with newly diagnosed maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 48897 TI - Morbidity and mortality in pseudopolycythaemia. AB - A follow-up of 35 patients with pseudopolycythaemia showed that symptoms, high packed-cell volumes, and low plasma volumes persisted in most patients. The death rate in these patients was six times greater than expected. Patients with pseudopolycythaemia are often regarded as having a good prognosis; however, this view should be revised in the light of these findings. PMID- 48898 TI - Measurement of liver-cadmium concentrations in patients and industrial workers by neutron-activation analysis. AB - A new, rapid, non-invasive technique for measuring tissue-cadmium concentrations in patients and industrial workers has been designed and developed with a view to studying the cadmium content of the liver. The method utilises the principle of neutron-activation analysis whereby the specific changes produced by the inter action of nuclei and neutrons are analysed. Liver-cadmium content has been studied in cadavers and in four men with known of suspected cadmium poisoning. The patients all showed very high liver-cadmium levels of between 35 and 200 p.p.m. compared with under 1.0 p.p.m. in non-exposed subjects. The dose of radiation used in clinical studies was 0.4-1.0 rem and the detection limit of cadmium was 1.0 p.p.m. PMID- 48899 TI - Possible pathogenic role of endotoxin in Reye's syndrome. AB - Evidence of circulating endotoxin was sought in children with Reye's syndrome, on the thesis that severe hepatic failure is likely to result in loss of capacity to detoxify intestinal endotoxins entering the circulation. A modification of the Limulus assay was used to demonstrate high levels of endotoxin-like activity (E.L.A.) in nine comatose patients with Reye's syndrome and in one of the two non comatose patients. The symptom-free sibling of one patient had raised liver enzymes and a negative Limulus test. Plasma E.L.A. correlated significantly with degree of electroencephalographic disturbance early in the course of the illness. E.L.A. was also found in both of two cerebrospinal fluids evaluated. Preliminary in-vitro characterisation of this substance indicated that it resembled endotoxin derived from anaerobic intestinal bacteria. Intestinally derived endotoxin could be one factor in the pathogenesis of encephalopathy and other features of Reye's syndrome. PMID- 48900 TI - Survival after 40 minutes; submersion without cerebral sequeae. AB - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and rewarming were successful in a 5-year-old boy who had been submerged for 40 minutes in ice-cold fresh water. Severe metabolic acidosis was corrected by intravenous infusion of sodium bicarbonate solution before spontaneous circulation could be re-established. Fulminant pulmonary oedema developed after re-establishment of spontaneous circulation. This was efficiently reversed by positive-end-expiratory-pressure ventilation. During 2 days of treatment of a respiratory the patient gradually regained consciousness; the endotracheal tube was then removed and the patient immediately started talking intelligently. The patient went through a period of slow cerebration and motor dysfunction but recovered rapidly, and on examination 13 months after the accident all findings were normal. PMID- 48901 TI - Chronic antigenic stimulation, herpesvirus infection, and cancer in transplant recipients. AB - An increased incidence of malignancy has been reported in transplant recipients. The pathogenesis of this increase was originally attributed to immunosuppressive therapy. However, not all tumours are increased in proportion to their occurrence in the general population-75% of reported tumours are lymphorproliferative or carcinoma of the skin, lip, or cervix. This cannot be explained by impaired immunosurveillance, and alternative hypotheses must be considered. 90% of transplant recipients develop clinical or serological evidence of herpesvirus infection. Herpesviruses have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphorproliferative tumours and carcinoma of the skin and cervix. They can remain in latent form and be reactivated by allogeneic stimulation and/or immunosuppression. These viruses localise to skin, cervix, and neural tissue i.e., exactly those sites where cancer develops in transplant patients. Herpesvirus infections in association with the presence of an allogeneic graft in an immunosuppressed patient may be responsible for the increased incidence of both lymphoproliferative tumours and carcinoma of the skin, lip, and cervix in the transplant recipient. PMID- 48902 TI - Editorial: The lancet. Nuclear emergencies and accidents. PMID- 48903 TI - Editorial: Eternal youth. PMID- 48904 TI - Editorial: Folate-responsive schizophrenia. PMID- 48905 TI - Editorial: The image of cancer. PMID- 48906 TI - Editorial: Finger clubbing. PMID- 48907 TI - Editorial: The cast syndrome. PMID- 48908 TI - Porcine streptococci causing meningitis and septicaemia in man. AB - From 1968 to 1974 seven cases of septicaemia and purulent meningitis caused by porcine streptococci of the Lancefield group R and three cases caused by similar streptococci lacking R antigen occurred in the Netherlands. Bacteria isolated from all ten patients shared the characteristics of a biochemically well defined bacterial species (provisionally called Streptococcus subacidus) which until 1968 was only found in pigs. Nine of the ten patients had had intensive contact with live or slaughtered pigs. PMID- 48909 TI - In defence of the mind. PMID- 48910 TI - Letter: Exercise and dietary-induced thermogenesis. PMID- 48911 TI - Letter: The melancholy of anatomy. PMID- 48912 TI - Letter: The pill off prescription. PMID- 48913 TI - Letter: An assistant in the house? PMID- 48914 TI - Letter: The consultants' increase. PMID- 48915 TI - Letter: Does T4-toxicosis exist? PMID- 48916 TI - Letter: Hyperlipidaemia after renal transplantation. PMID- 48917 TI - Letter: Plasma iron and iron-binding capacity. PMID- 48918 TI - Letter: Toxicity of asparaginases. PMID- 48919 TI - Letter: second malignancies complicating Hodgkin's disease in remission. PMID- 48920 TI - Letter: Hepatoma associated with androgenic steroids. PMID- 48921 TI - Letter: Transplacental lithium poisoning: Reversible inhibition of fetal thyroid. PMID- 48922 TI - Letter: Diuretics during lithium therapy. PMID- 48923 TI - Letter: Reduction of drug-induced cleft palate in mice. PMID- 48924 TI - Letter: Duovirus in pseudocholera infantum. PMID- 48925 TI - Letter: Viruses and gastroenteritis in infants. PMID- 48926 TI - Letter: Unblocking of T lymphocytes. PMID- 48927 TI - Letter: Immune mechanisms in vascular disease. PMID- 48928 TI - Letter: Rosette-forming cells. PMID- 48929 TI - Letter: Cytogenetic evidence for evolution of X-chromosome inactivation. PMID- 48930 TI - Letter: Another translocation related to the Ph-1 chromosome. PMID- 48931 TI - Letter: 46,XX/47,XYY mosaicism in a true hermaphrodite. PMID- 48932 TI - Letter: Bowie-Dick test for autoclaves. PMID- 48933 TI - Letter: Deanol in spontaneous and induced dyskinesias. PMID- 48934 TI - Letter: Medical care of childhood leukaemia. PMID- 48935 TI - Letter: Asthma mortality associated with pneumothorax and intermittent positive pressure breathing. PMID- 48936 TI - Letter: Peptic ulcer and civil disturbances. PMID- 48937 TI - Letter: Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 48938 TI - Letter: Factor-(8) concentrate in haemophilia. PMID- 48939 TI - Letter: The cost of books: From manuscript to microfiche. PMID- 48940 TI - Letter: Immunodeficiency and steely hair. PMID- 48941 TI - Letter: Glycerol v. dexamethasone in acute cerebral infarction. PMID- 48942 TI - William Ernest Lloyd. PMID- 48943 TI - Editorial: Tottering home. PMID- 48944 TI - Effect of intravenous B.C.G. in guineapigs and pertinence to cancer immunotherapy in man. AB - Intravenous injection of heat-killed or irradiated B.C.G into tuberculin-positive guineapigs produced macroscopic lesions in the lung when examined 10 days or 4 or 6 weeks later. Microscopically, granulomas typical of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction were seen. Intravenous B.C.G. in normal guineapigs did not produce lesions. At equivalent doses to the killed vaccine, viable vaccine caused only mild lesions. Liver lesions were also found on early examination but by 4 weeks had almost resolved. Acid/alcohol-fast bacteria were only rarely detected. Purified portein derivative did not produce lesions, and antihistamine treatment did not modify the results. These results suggest that B.C.G. should be given by the intravenous route for cancer immunotherapy in man with great caution, especially in tuberculin-sensitive persons. The guineapig observations stress that hypersensitisation is a potential complicating feature of cancer immunotherapy, and this is discussed in the light of published clinical experience of B.C.G. by various routes. It is concluded that B.C.G. vaccines with a high proportion of viable organisms are to be preferred. PMID- 48945 TI - Infection caused by Proteus mirabilis strains with transferrable gentamicin resistance factors. AB - During a period of 10 weeks, four patients in one hospital became infected with gentamicin-resistant Proteus mirabilis. In two of them septicaemia associated with indwelling catheters developed, one had urinary tract and wound infections, and in the fourth patient the organism was isolated from a superficial wound. The P. mirabilis strains showed multiple drug resistance. Strains form the first three patients were apparently identical and were sensitive to tobramycin. Their gentamicin resistance was not transferable to Escherichia coli K12, but could be transferred to another strain of P. mirablilis (PM13-3). The fourth strain was resistant to tobramycin; its gentamicin/tobramycin resistance was transferable to E. coli K12. PMID- 48946 TI - Postoperative thrombosis in Thai women. AB - The 125-I-labelled fibrinogen infusion test and phlebography were used to detect evidence of the postoperative development of deep-vein thrombosis (D.V.T) in the legs of 117 Thai women who had abdominal hysterectomy for benign conditions and of 52 who had major pelvic surgery for malignant disease of the ovary, uterus, and cervix. D.V.T. was demonstrated in 1.7% and 3.8%, respectively. Comparison of these results with an almost identical study in Oxford showed that D.V.T. was significantly more common in women in England - i.e., 12% and 35% in those with benign or malignant diseases, respectively. PMID- 48947 TI - Congenital cytomegalovirus infection after maternal renal transplantation. AB - Congenital cytomegalovirus infection was found in an infant whose mother had a successful renal transplant and was treated with immunosuppressant therapy before and during pregnancy. Although so far not experiencing any untoward infections, the child had impaired T-lymphocyte function and subnormal serum-IgA. PMID- 48948 TI - Why are ovarian teratomas benign whilst teratomas of the testis are malignant? AB - A mechanism is suggested to account for the fact that most ovarian teratomas are benign (dermoid cysts) whereas testicular teratomas are almost always malignant. The mechanism advanced assumes that malignancy is cause by a recessive mutation, and then shows that the known facts of germ-cell development will produce the homozygous (malignant) state in the male but the heterozygous counterpart in the female. It is proposed that the benign nature of ovarian teratomas is a reflection of this heterozygous genotype. PMID- 48949 TI - Editorial: Virus hepatitis updated. PMID- 48950 TI - Editorial: Dealing with rabies. PMID- 48951 TI - Editorial: Another scanner from EMI. PMID- 48952 TI - Editorial: Research on children. PMID- 48953 TI - Sheltered groups in open industry. A new approach to training and to employment. AB - The Department of Employment has now accepted that groups working under supervision in open industry are superior to sheltered workshops in the management and retraining of the disabled. A scheme along these lines has been organised in Bristol for twelve years, and experience with the scheme suggests that, for former patients of mental hospitals, the approach is the right one. It is most acceptable to the patient and has the advantage of giving the patient the best chance of becoming self-sufficient. PMID- 48954 TI - Medical aid to developing countries. PMID- 48956 TI - Letter: Design of anaesthesia apparatus. PMID- 48955 TI - Letter: "Progress" in medicine: a parrallel with aviation. PMID- 48957 TI - Letter: Laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever. PMID- 48958 TI - Letter: Recognition of diphtheria. PMID- 48959 TI - Letter: Treatment of hypertention. PMID- 48960 TI - Letter: Infant feeds and softened water. PMID- 48961 TI - Letter: Potential variants of phenylketonuria. PMID- 48962 TI - Letter: T and B lymphocytes in spleens in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 48963 TI - Letter: Low hair-zinc concentrations in acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 48964 TI - Letter: Zinc absorption in acrodermatitis enteropathica and in hypogeusia and hyposmia. PMID- 48965 TI - Letter: The methylfolate trap. PMID- 48966 TI - Letter: Iatrogenic rubella infection. PMID- 48967 TI - Letter: Oral contraceptives and venous thrombosis. PMID- 48968 TI - Letter: Dyskinesias during levodopa therapy. PMID- 48969 TI - Letter: C3 in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 48970 TI - Letter: Unsaturated fatty acids and transplantation. PMID- 48971 TI - Letter: Satellite-stalk staining of human chromosomes. PMID- 48972 TI - Letter: Side-effects of perphenazine. PMID- 48973 TI - Letter: Growth of head hair during treatment with diazoxide. PMID- 48974 TI - Letter: Lithium and magnesium-dependent processes. PMID- 48975 TI - Letter: Transmission of salmonellosis. PMID- 48976 TI - Letter: Molecular aberration in platelet monoamine oxidase in schizophrenia. PMID- 48977 TI - Letter: Pimozide in monosymptomatic psychosis. PMID- 48978 TI - Letter: Aspirin and oestriol excretion. PMID- 48979 TI - Letter: Polycystic ovarian disease and oral contraception. PMID- 48980 TI - Letter: Hypotension during angiotensin blockade with saralasin. PMID- 48981 TI - Letter: Myasthenia gravis: relationship between serum factor blocking acetylcholine receptors and anti-striated-muscle antibody. PMID- 48982 TI - Letter: Atmospheric ozone and femoral fractures. PMID- 48983 TI - Letter: Impaired cell-mediated immunity in human brain tumours. PMID- 48984 TI - Letter: Aphthous ulceration, cromoglycic acid, and cellular immune response. PMID- 48985 TI - Obituary: Herbert Victor Morlock. PMID- 48986 TI - Current concepts on the secretory function of mast cells. PMID- 48987 TI - [Results of treatment of progressive endocrine exophthalmos]. PMID- 48988 TI - [Reverse transcriptase deficiency in the leukocytes in a long-term remission of acute leukosis]. PMID- 48989 TI - [Intelligence, personality structure and learning behavior of students in general pathology. 3 learning strategies compared: recital, audiovisomat, self-study]. PMID- 48990 TI - [Treatment of prostatic adenoma with phytosterols]. PMID- 48991 TI - [Special anesthesia in vagotomy]. PMID- 48992 TI - Color as an instructional variable. PMID- 48993 TI - [Bronchitis. Guidelines to modern drug therapy]. PMID- 48994 TI - Thin-layer chromatography of antibiotics. PMID- 48995 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography of antibiotics. PMID- 48996 TI - Pathways of biosynthesis of the guanidinated inositol moieties of streptomycin and bluensomycin. PMID- 48997 TI - ATP:inosamine phosphotransferase(s). PMID- 48998 TI - Streptomycin-6-P phosphohydrolase. PMID- 48999 TI - Gramicidine S synthetase. PMID- 49000 TI - ATP:streptomycin 3"=phosphotransferase. PMID- 49001 TI - ATP-:dihydrostreptomycin-6-P 3'alpha-phosphotransferase. PMID- 49002 TI - Actinomycin lactonase. PMID- 49003 TI - Minature tissue culture technique with a modified (bottomless) plastic microplate;. PMID- 49004 TI - Methods and applications of flow systems for analysis and sorting of mammalian cells. PMID- 49005 TI - [The effectiveness ot thyroid-hormone therapy following goiter-resection]. AB - The effectiveness of a postoperative thyroid-hormone therapy in preventing a goiter-recidiv was investigated two years after goiter-resection. Of 3381 patients with goiter, who were operated on in the years 1964 to 1973 in the Surgical Department of the Krankenhaus Nordwest in Frankfurt/Main, Germany, 129 patients who were operated on in the first six months of 1969, were questioned and examined in a follow-up study. A rezidiv-goiter was found in 4, 6 p.c. of patients. If only palpable recidiv-goiters are taken into consideration 2, 3 p.c.), patients without postoperative thyroid-hormone therapy developed a recidiv goiter twice as often as patients with thyroid-hormone therapy. PMID- 49006 TI - [Results of palliative operations concerning the gastrointestinal tract]. AB - At the Surgical Clinic of the University Erlanten-Nurnber 61 per cent of the carcinoma of the oesophagus, 57 per cent of malignant tumors of the stomach and 28 per cent of all tumors of the large bowel and the rectum could not be operated radically. If there are no metastases in other organs or a wide-spread peritoneal dissemination a palliative procedure is advisable. Resection of the tumor itself has been the most effectful prodedure in cases of palliative treatment. Gastrostomies, bypass-anastomoses and protheses have been comparatively less successful. Radiation is indicated only in cases of squamoun cell-carcinoma of the oesophagus. In cases of the carcinoma of the rectum located in the middle and lower part causing a severe stenosis coagulation is an effective treatment. PMID- 49007 TI - [HbCO values found in 1,000 inhabitants of milan without occupational exposure to CO]. PMID- 49008 TI - [Cerclage of the pulmonary artery. Considerations on 67 cases operated on in the past 10 years]. PMID- 49009 TI - [Behavior of serum immunoglobulins during and after intravenous administration of gamma globulin in subjects with antibody deficiency syndromes]. PMID- 49010 TI - The prostate gland. PMID- 49011 TI - [Comments from G. Scheibe and reply of H. Ehlert to the contribution of H. Ehlert. "New view points on the genesis of Sudeck's syndrome" in This Journal 77, 417 (1974)]. PMID- 49012 TI - [The problems and clinical aspects of primary malignancies of the small intestine (author's transl)]. AB - From 1954 to the end of 1973, 6432 patients were admitted to the Munich University Surgical Hospital for the treatment of malignant tumors of the digestive tract. 42 cases (0.66 percent) affected the small intestine, including the duodenum, but excepting tumors of the ileocecal region, peripapillar duodenal carcinoma, metastatic tumors of the small intestine and mesenteric tumors. The fate of all 42 patients with malignant tumors of the small intestine (6 carcinoids, 15 sarcomas and 21 carcinomas) was elucidated. 14 per cent of the malignant tumors were found in the duodenum, 27 percent in the jejunum and 59 per cent in the ileum. PMID- 49013 TI - [Transurethral electroresection of prostatic adenoma (author's transl)]. AB - The affliction of disturbances of the voidance of urine in aging men is becoming an ever more frequent medical problem because of the rising life expectancy of our population. The cause of the urinary obstruction is fibromyoadenomatosis of the paraurethral glands which may develop at any time after the age of 40. Transurethral electroresection ist the ideal method for the complete removal of a small to medium sized prostatic adenoma. Once the technique of resection has been mastered, complications are always absolutely avoidable and rare. PMID- 49014 TI - [Proceedings: Antiarrhytmic effects of Disopyramide]. PMID- 49015 TI - [Proceedings: Heart rhythm disorders during sleep. Dependence of extrasystole during sleep on various sleep stages]. PMID- 49016 TI - [Letter: Thrombocyte counting]. PMID- 49017 TI - Influence of N2 or O2 on two alkylating agents in Neurospora crassa. AB - Previous studies have indicated that the alkylating agent, 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9 (3-[ethyl-2-chloroethyl]aminopropylamino)acridine dihydrochloride (ICR-170), induces much more killing and mutation in conidia of Neurospora crassa treated in an atmosphere of N2 than in an atmosphere of O2. It was desirable to determine if a similar effect--more killing and mutation in N2 than in O2--could be observed with two other known alkylating agents, beta-propiolactone (BPL) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), in the same test system. Conidia of a heterokaryotic strain of N. crassa were bubbled with N2 or O2 during treatment with BPL or EMS. Forward-mutation was measured in the ad-3 region by a direct method. The results indicate that N2 or O2 do not influence the lethal and mutagenic activities of BPL or EMS during treatment of conidia. Hence the influence of N2 or O2 on the lethal and mutagenic activites of ICR-170 is different from the influence of these gases on BPL or EMS using the ad-3 test system in N. crassa. PMID- 49018 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges induced by mitomycin C: a new method of detecting DNA damage at chromosomal level. PMID- 49019 TI - Letter: "Normal values" in Systeme International units. PMID- 49020 TI - Letter: Confusion in the Garden of Eden. PMID- 49021 TI - Letter: In vitro inhibition of E rosettes by human amniotic fluid. PMID- 49022 TI - Non-encephalitogenic synthetic analogues of the determinant for allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs. PMID- 49023 TI - Inhabition of murine plasmacytoma TEPC 15 by its specific antigen. PMID- 49024 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to hapten modified self- and non-self antigens. PMID- 49025 TI - Nonspecific cross reacting antigen as a marker for human polymorphs, macrophages and monocytes. PMID- 49026 TI - Breakage of tolerance to alpha foetoprotein in monkeys. PMID- 49027 TI - Spermine inhibits induction of ornithine decarboxylase by cyclic AMP but not by dexamethasone in rat hepatoma cells. PMID- 49028 TI - Interference with normal phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages, using ingested yeast cells and suramin. PMID- 49029 TI - [Herpes simplex virus and the nervous system]. PMID- 49030 TI - ADH release from cut pituitary stalk and intact pituitary gland during amygdala stimulation at various frequencies in rats. AB - Changes in antidiuretic substance (i.e., vasopressin) release from the cut pituitary stalk and the intact pituitary gland were observed during electrical stimulation of amygdala medial nucleus. Electrical pulses of 4 or 36 cycles per second (cps) were used and in both cases the same energy (about 2.160 nanowatt seconds) per 1.5 sec-train of electrical pulses remained constant. Antidiuretic substance release from the hypothalamic end of the cut pituitary stalk and from the intact pituitary gland increased during the 36-cps electrical stimulation of amygdala medial nucleus, however the 4-cps electrical stimulation of this structure did not produce any changes in these processes. The results obtained indicate that the medial nucleus of amygdala is able to change the function of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system and can be motivated with high frequency stimulating pulses. PMID- 49031 TI - Topic teaching in clinical medicine. PMID- 49032 TI - Infant development distress. PMID- 49033 TI - [Morphological study of the planar preparations of the retina after experimental blunt eye injuries]. PMID- 49034 TI - Amyloidosis: a rational approach to diagnosis by intraoral biopsy. AB - Amyloidosis and its oral manifestations are briefly described. The techniques for antemortem tissue diagnosis of amyloidosis are reviewed and evaluated. In screening for amyloidosis, biopsy of specific oral lesions (when present) is recommended instead of the traditional biopsy of normal-appearing gingiva. This approach is illustrated with four cases. Although rectal biopsy is generally accepted as the screening technique of choice, it is suggested that intraoral biopsy be considered as an easier, safer, more comfortable, and possibly more fruitful technique. It is advocated that in cases of both documented and suspected amyloidosis both intraoral and rectal biopsies should be performed in order to help provide documentation of the most useful technique for routine screening. PMID- 49035 TI - Congenital analgesia. Report of a case. AB - A case of an injured, necrotic tongue in a child of 12 months was investigated. It was found that the patient was suffering from congenital analgesia. The injury was due to errupted lower incisor teeth, and the injury healed following their extraction. We believe that in cases of repeated self-injury of the tongue some form of sensory disturbance should be considered. PMID- 49036 TI - Histocompatibility and tooth transplantation in the rabbit. AB - Allogeneic orthotopic tooth transplants in the rabbit appear to stimulate transplantation immunity reactions comparable to those encountered with the transplantation of other organs. Intact untreated teeth were shown to be as quantitatively immunogenic as skin grafts between unrelated animals. Histocompatibility matching of donor and recipient and removal of pulpal tissues were demonstrated to be effective means of ameliorating the immune response to allogeneic orthotopic tooth transplants in the rabbit. PMID- 49037 TI - [Letter: The role of the study of alpha fetoproteins in the amniotic fluid in the prevention anencephaly and spina bifida]. PMID- 49038 TI - [Detection of amyloid by fluorescence method using optical clearing agents of cellulose]. PMID- 49039 TI - Present status of the prevention of neural tube defects. PMID- 49040 TI - [Value of the test using TRH in the exploration of thyroid diseases]. AB - The discovery and the synthesis of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (T.R.H.) has given rise to a new test able to explore the function of the thyroid and the pituitary. Intravenous injection of T.R.H. determines a short elevation of T.S.H. in the plasma. In hyperthyroidism and in hot nodules the response is abolished. In hypothyroidism, the response depends on the localization of the lesion: exaggerated response in thyroid lesions, diminished or abolished response in pituitary problems, delayed response in hypothalamic lesions. This new test will definitely have an important diagnostic role in difficult clinical problems. PMID- 49041 TI - Production and technical standards. PMID- 49042 TI - The static visual media. PMID- 49043 TI - Charnley hip replacement. PMID- 49044 TI - [Chemistry and biosynthesis of ABO, Rh and Lewis blood groups and their biological role]. PMID- 49045 TI - [Development and course of visceral lupus erythematosus in uniovular twins]. PMID- 49046 TI - [Ratio of light kappa to lambda chains in monoclonal non-reticuloma protein]. PMID- 49047 TI - [Evaluation of peripheral leukocyte migration inhibition test with aggregated human gamma globulin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 49048 TI - [Group systems of serum proteins. Haptoglobin of the Gc protein and immunoglobulins. II. Group system of Gc. General characteristics of the Gc protein]. PMID- 49049 TI - [Group systems of serum proteins. Haptoglobin of the Gc protein and immunoglobulins. III. Group systems of immunoglobulins. General characteristics of immunoglobulins]. PMID- 49050 TI - [Several aspects of radioisotope studies of iodine metabolism]. PMID- 49051 TI - Diabetes mellitus: changes in the transport properties of isolated intestinal microvillous membranes. AB - Isolated, small intestinal microvillous membranes from normal and acutely diabetic rats were compared with respect to D-glucose transport. D-Glucose was accumulated to a greater extent by diabetic membrane vesicles when supplied with energy in the form of a NaC1 or a NaSCN gradient across the vesicle membrane. The difference appeared to be caused by an ability of the diabetic membranes to maintain a higher driving force for active D-glucose transport and not by changes in the glucose "carrier." Increasing the glucose-independent Na-+-conductance of the membrane with monactin or gramicidin D reduced the active accumulation of D glucose by membrane preparations from both control and diabetic groups. Concentrations of monactin and gramicidin D in the incubation medium of membrane vesicles from diabetic animals could be adjusted so that their D-glucose transport became indistinguishable from that of membranes from normal animals not treated with ionophores. These observatins suggest the microvillous membranes as one site where changes occur in acute diabetes. In addition, the change in the transport properties of the isolated membranes offer a rational explanation for the simultaneous elevation of active intestinal sugar, amino acid, and bile salt transport observed for intact intestinal tissue. PMID- 49052 TI - Group-specific component (Gc) proteins bind vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. AB - Group-specific component (Gc) proteins are human plasma proteins for which a worldwide polymorphism exists. As yet no functional role has been assigned this protein. We show that the products of both Gc alleles, proteins Gc 1 and Gc 2 (distinguished electrophoretically), bind substantial quantities of vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Three lines of evidence are reported: (1) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of serum labeled with (14-C)vitamin D3 revealed patterns of radioactive bands identical to those expected of the two Gc alleles. Population gene frequencies for these proteins binding vitamin D were in the range of those reported for Gc, and individuals of known Gc phenotype were found to have the corresponding vitamin-D-binding phenotype. (2) Immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography of labeled serum reacted against antiserum to human Gc revealed labeling by (14-C)vitamin D3 of Gc-antibody precipitation ares. (3) (14-C)vitamin D3 or 25-hydroxy(3-H)vitamin D3 was found to coprecipitate specifically with Gc in serum incubated with Gc antiserum. Use of these techniques demonstrated further that plasma proteins that bind vitamin D and that are immunologically similar to human Gc are found in mouse, rat, cow, horse, dog, rhesus monkey, and chimpanzee. We propose that Gc and "vitamin-D binding alpha-globulin" are in fact the same portein, and that the ability of Gc to bind vitamin D may be directly related to the action of selection on this locus. These techniques may also find application in the study of other plasms transport proteins. PMID- 49053 TI - Tumor-associated transplantation antigens in immune rejection of mouse malignant cell hybrids. AB - The inability of mouse cell hybrids derived from two malignant parental cells to produce tumors in syngeneic F1 hosts was analyzed. YC hybrids, derived from the fusion of C1.1D and L1210 clls, failed to induce any tumor in adult mice, while 91% of x-irradiated newborn mice developed tumors and died. Some telocentric chromosomes were lacking in hybrid tumors; however, none of the immunologically intact adult mice developed tumors when grafted with tumors grown in x-irradiated newborn mice. This indicates that histocompatibility factors interfered in the failure of YC tumors to grow to adult hosts. Syngeneic F1 mice immunized with Y2C hybrid cells had cytotoxic antibodies against Y2C hybrids and C1.1D and L1210 parental cells. Complete absorption of cytotoxic antibodies directed against hybrid cells by mixtures of both parental cell lines demonstrates the absence of any new antigen on hybrid cells.Hyb rid cells had a higher density of C1.1D-tumor antigenic sites, as compared to C1.1D parental cells. This possibly explains the higher antigenicity and/or the higher sensitivity to immune lysis of hybrid cells. PMID- 49054 TI - Ability of tryptophan tRNA to hybridize with 35S RNA of avian myeloblastosis virus and to prime reverse transcription in vitro. AB - Selected species of 4S RNA of chick embryo cells will hybridize in vitro with 35S RNA of avian myeloblastosis virus. A major tRNA component of the hybridizable 4S RNA is tryptophan tRNA. A hybrid prepared from purified tryptophan tRAN and 35S RNA of avian myeloblastosis virus in vitro is an efficient templateprimer for DNA synthesis catalyzed by reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase). PMID- 49055 TI - Two antigenically distinct species of human interferon. AB - Rabbit antisera prepared against interferon produced in human fibroblast cell cultures stimulated with poly(1).poly(C) neutralized the activity of interferon preparations produced in various human fibroblast cultures timulated either with poly(1)poly)C) or with viruses. However, these antisera showed no detectable neutralizing activity against interferon produced in cultures of human leukocytes. On the other hand, most rabbit antisera against the human leukocyte interferon were active in neutralizing both homologous interferon and fibroblast interferons. A preparation of antiserum against leukocyte interferon, active against both leukocyte and fibroblast interferons, was shown by affinity chromatography to have two distinct antibody populations, one of which was specific for the fibroblast interferon. We conclude that the heterologous neutralizing activity of sera from rabbits immunized with leukocyte interferon is liekly to be due to the presence of two antigenic species of interferon. The major antigenic species of leukocyte interferon preparations (designated "Le") is distinct from huamn fibroblast interferon. The minor species of leukocyte interferon ("F") is either identical with, or closely related to, interferon produced in human fibroblast cultures. PMID- 49056 TI - Isolation of Escherichia coli mutants defective in enzymes of membrane lipid synthesis. AB - A new method has been developed which permits the rapid screening of E. coli colonies for mutants with defective enzymes of phospholipid metabolism. In this procedure, a disc of filter paper is pressed down on an agar plate containing several hundred colonies of mutagen-treated cells, after which the paper is lifted off. In the process the colonies are transferred to the paper, giving rise to a replica print of the master plate. The few cells from each colony left on the master keep growing in the original pattern. The pattern of colonies is also retained on the filter paper, even after the cells are rendered permeable with lysozyme and EDTA. Colonies treated in this manner remain absorbed to the paper, where they can convert sn-(U-14-C)glycero-3-P to phosphatidyl(U-14 C)glycerophosphate, dependent on added CDP-diglyceride. Unrelated reactions of sn (U-14-C)glycero-3-P that may obscure the synthesis of phosphatidyl glycerophosphate are inhibited by the addition of reagents poisoning energy generation. The radioactive phospholipid that forms around each colony on the paper is precipitated in situ with trichloroacetic acid, and unreacted sn-(U-14 C)glycero-3-P is washed away. After autoradiography, the colonies on the filter paper are stained with Coomassie blue. When the autoradiogram is superimposed on the strained paper, mutants are identified as blue colonies lacking a black halo. With this method, 20,000 colonies were screened in several days. Four mutants were identified with low levels of CDP-diglyceride:snglycero-3-P phosphatidyl transferase (EC 2.7.8.5, GLYCEROL-PHOSPHATE PHOSPHATIDYLTRANSFERASE, PHOSPHATIDYLGLYCEROPHOSPHATE SYNTHETASE) IN EXTRACTS. With a similar assay, 10,000 additional colonies were screened for mutants with altered CDP diglyceride:L-serine O-phosphatidyltransferase (EC 2.7.8.8, phosphatidylserine synthetase), and four strains were found in which the enzyme is thermolabile. The screening technique described here is termed replica printing and should be applicable not only to studies of phospholipid metabolism but also to nucleic acid and protein synthesis. PMID- 49057 TI - Human globin gene analysis for a patient with beta-o/delta beta-thalassemia. AB - Complementary DNA (cDNA) was prepared with RNA-dependent DNA polymerase from human globin messenger RNA (mRNA). Annealing and translation experimenta with total mRNA from circulating cells from a patient with heterozygous beta/heterozygous beta-delta-o thalassemia (beta-o/delta beta-o-thalassemia) demonstrated no detectable mRNA for beta-globin. cDNA enriched in sequences homologous to beta-globin mRNA was prepared by hydroxylapatite fractionation of hybrids formed between beta-o/delta beta-o-thalassemic mRNA and cDNA made from mRNA from a patient with alpha-thalassemia (hemoglobin H disease). The rate of annealing of this beta-enriched cDNA to normal human nuclear DNA was that of a sequence present as only a single copy per haploid genome. The beta-enriched cDNA annealed to the beta-o-delta beta-o-thalassemia total DNA with approximately the same kinetics as to normal DNA, indicating that no total gene deletion of beta globin genes from the diploid genome has occurred, although the accuracy of the technique could not exclude with certainty a partial deletion or a deletion of a beta-globin gene from only one of the haploid genomes. This demonstrates that at least one of the beta-o- or the delta beta-o-thalassemia haploid genomes in this case contains a substantially intact beta-globin gene. PMID- 49059 TI - Recognition of immunoglobulin idiotypes by thymus-derived lymphocytes. AB - The ability of thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) from BALB/c mice to recognize the individually specific antigenic determinants (idiotypes) of BALB/c myeloma proteins was tested. Spleen cells from donor mice immunized with a given myeloma protein greatly augmented the response of hapten-specific bone marrow-derived, thymus-independent lymphocytes (cells) to a hapten conjugate of the immunizing myeloma protein. This helper effect was specific for the myeloma protein idiotype; responses to hapten conjugates of similar myeloma proteins, bearing different idiotypic determinants, were not augmented by these spleen cells. That the helper cell is a T cell was shown by its marked sensitivity to cytolysis with an isoantiserum specific for T cells (anti-Thy-1-2) and complement. The discrimination between idiotypes by such T cells is roughly comparable to that of the antibody produced by the donors of the helper cells. PMID- 49058 TI - Isolation from the asian mouse Mus caroli of an endogenous type C virus related to infectious primate type C viruses. AB - Treatment of a cell line derived from the Asian feral mouse Mus caroli with 5 bromodeoxyuridine induces an infectious, xentropic type C virus. This virus shares strongly cross-reactive reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) and p30 antigens and crossinterferes with type C viruses isolated from a woolly monkey (SSAV) and gibbon apes (GALV). By similar criteria, the caroli virus is much less related to previously described type C viruses of the laboratory mouse, Mus musculus. Induction of virus from 10 of 13 single cell clones indicates that the virus is endogenous in Mus caroli cells. Thre results suggest that infectious primate type C viruses arose by trans-species infection(s) of certain primates with endogenous type C viruses from MUs caroli or a closely related Mus species. PMID- 49060 TI - A p60 polypeptide in the feline leukemia virus pseudotype of Moloney sarcoma virus with murine leukemia virus p30 antigenic determinants. AB - A 60,000-dalton polypeptide (p60) has been identified in the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) pseudotype of Moloney sarcoma virus [MSV(FeLV)]. This polypeptide is present in the purified virus complex in concentrations greater than either the murine p30 or the feline p27. Purified p60 crossreacts immunologically with murine p30 group antiserum and contains several interspecies determinants, whereas the group specific determinant of FeLV p27 is not detected. Comparison of peptide fingerprints of p60 and murine p30 show many peptides in common. Limited digestion of p60 with either trypsin or chymotrypsin produced p30-35 and p20 peptides which retain the MuLV p30 group and interspecies antigenic activities. The p30 produced by both enzymes comigrates in polyacrylamide gels with the murine p30 of MSV(FeLV), thus suggesting that p60 may be an uncleaved precursor to p30. PMID- 49062 TI - Establishing standing and walking behavior in a physically handicapped, retarded child. AB - A physical therapist using reinforcement procedures worked for three months with minimal success on pulling to standing and pushing off to walk as target behaviors for a physically handicapped retarded child. The physical therapist then changed his role and used an attendant staff to work on the target behaviors in a two-and-one-half month treatment program. Pretreatment and posttreatment time sampling of the child's on-feet behaviors following the treatment program. The results of this one case suggest that the consultation role of the physical therapist might provide a more efficient treatment than a direct treatment role in an institutional setting. PMID- 49061 TI - [The development of contraceptives]. PMID- 49063 TI - Summer allergy. PMID- 49064 TI - Radiation therapy of the liver metastatic disease. AB - Eight patients with symptomatic liver metastasis from different primary tumours received palliative radiation therapy. Daily doses of 150-200 r calculated in the mid-liver plane were delivered. The total dose employed was 2,500 r given in 3 weeks. Six patients responded good, one reasonable and one patient failed to respond to radiation. Liver function tests and liver scans also reflected the treatment response. All eight patients tolerated the treatment and no mortality due to treatment was recorded. PMID- 49065 TI - Viewbox seminar: a new method for teaching roentgenology. AB - The American College of Radiology designed a "crash" program to train radiologists to interpret and classify the radiological manifestations of coal workers' pneumoconiosis. This Viewbox Seminar combines two pedagogic techniques, group viewbox study, and a test-teach-test sequence of instruction that compels active participation in the learning process. Weekend scheduling and good location and transportation connections facilitate attendance, making this an excellent way to teach large groups of radiologists certain subtleties of radiology in a short time. PMID- 49066 TI - Line drawings on film: their preparation and use in teaching radiographic anatomy. PMID- 49067 TI - Information transfer in cells infected by RNA tumor viruses and extension to human neoplasia. PMID- 49068 TI - Observations of mechanisms of attachment in the green alga Ulva mutabilis Foyn. An ultrastructural and light microscopical study of zygotes and rhizoids. AB - The development of the rhizoid cells of the green alga Ulva mutabilis was investigated at the ultrastructural level paying special attention to the mechanism of attachment of the plant. Cytochemical data concerning the initial settling of the early zygote are also given. On the basis of histochemical staining and enzyme treatment it is concluded that the adhesive material secreted by the rhizoid cells is chemically different from that secreted by the zygote during the initial settling of the alga. PMID- 49069 TI - Prostaglandin F2alpha and human prostatic affinity for testosterone. AB - Earlier work had shown that the lactogen, LTH and HPL, foster testosterone binding by the prostate. This study was undertaken to see if prostaglandin F2alpha would oppose the effect of the lactogen on the prostate as it does the luteotrophic action of the hormone on the corpus luteum. When it was found instead that the PGF increases steroid binding and that its interaction with lactogen was neither antagonistic nor additive, attention was directed to further characterization of prostaglandin's effect. A dosage/response study of F2alpha alone showed that concentrations of 4 ng/ml and 40 ng/ml increased binding but that 400 ng/ml did not. Glands with stromal hyperplasia and/or inflammation were not responsive than those with epithelial hyperplasia. Assays of water extracts of the tissue revealed concentrations of about 340 ng of F2alpha per gram fresh weight and that the concentration varied inversely as the beta-glucuronidase activity. If the enzyme level is considered an index of the epithelial cell density within the specimen, the inverse relationship suggest a non-epithelial (stromal) site of prostaglandin concentration. PMID- 49070 TI - Parent-child communication workshop "a developmental approach". PMID- 49071 TI - [Effect of aprindine on ventricular arrhthmias]. PMID- 49072 TI - [Prenatal detection of embryofetal malformations through the analysis of amniotic fluid, especially determination of alpha 1-fetoprotein]. PMID- 49073 TI - Cushing's syndrome: its complexities and care. PMID- 49074 TI - [The physician and extrasystole]. PMID- 49075 TI - The self-nonself discrimination: a one- or two-signal mechanism? PMID- 49076 TI - Complement components in normal serum and plasma quantitated by electroimmunoassay. AB - Sjoholm, A. G. Complement Components in Normal Serum and Plasma Quantitated by Electroimmunoassay. Scand. J. Immunol. 4, 25-30, 1975. The concentrations of C1q, C1s, C3, C4, C5, C3 proactivator, and C1 inactivator in serum and EDTA plasma from 100 normal adults were determined by electroimmunoassay. The normal range of each of the proteins is given. The C1q values varied more closely with the C1s values than with the levels of the other complement components. C3, C5, and C3 proactivator seemed to form a fairly interdependent group. The reproducibility of double determinations (interplate variation) was 4.9% to 7.9%. The variation of the complement component levels on repeated sampling from normal individuals was investigated. Also, repeated freezeing and thawing and storage at room temperature of serum and plasma were studied for their effect on the quantitation of the complement components. C3 and C4 values obtained by electroimmunoassay were in agreement with the values obtained by single radial immunodiffusion. PMID- 49077 TI - Mechanism of b-lymphocyte activation: failure to obtain evidence of a direct role of the Ig receptors in the triggering process. AB - Experiments were designed to test two hypotheses of B-cell activation by antigen: the cross-linking concept, postulating that a suitable degree of antigen-induced cross-linking of the Ig receptors is sufficient for immunocyte triggering, and the two-signal hypothesis, suggesting that a first signal delivered by antigen interacting with the Ig receptors followed by a second signal given by, for example, a polyclonal B-cell activator is necessary for activation. The results did not support either of these hypotheses. Thus, the hapten FITC coupled to human serum albumin and human gammaglobulin in different conjugation ratios failed to activate B cells, whether the hapten-protein conjugates were soluble or precipitated, whether the experiments were carried out in the presence or absence of different concentrations of sera from different species, and irrespective of the day of assay. Furthermore, the same FITC-protein conjugates or FITC itself coupled to Sepharose particles failed to induce a specific anti-FITC response, even though a range of 10-9-fold concentrations of FITC were used. In contrast, FITC coupled to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) regularly induced a primary anti-FITC response in all the above systems, whether FITC-LPS was soluble or coupled to Sepharose particles. The conjugation ratio of FITC to LPS was within the range of epitope densities used with FITC-protein conjugates. Analogous studies were performed with the above compounds and, in addition, NNP-cap and fowl gammaglobulin, added alone or together with LPS to lymphocyte cultures. In no case did the antigen plus LPS give a better specific anti-FITC response than LPS alone, irrespective of the culture conditions, the epitope densities, the physical form of the conjugates, and whether they were bound to Sepharose particles or not, although this would be expected in terms of the two-signal concept. The results are compatible with the one nonspecific signal hypothesis, ascribing a passive role to the Ig receptors and an active triggering function to thymus-independent antigens. Therefore, the ability to trigger B cells directly will depend on the nature of the carrier, triggering being achieved if the carrier is a polyclonal B-cell activator; the epitope density and the degree of cross-linking of Ig receptors are unimportant for delivering the triggering signal, although they can facilitate the binding of the conjugate to the specific B cells. PMID- 49078 TI - Mouse cell-mediated lympholysis assay in serum-free and mouse serum-supplemented media: culture conditions and genetic factors. AB - We describe a miniaturized cell-mediated lympholysis assay for measuring the activity of cytotoxic lymphocytes generated in mouse mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC), using either serum-free or mouse serum-supplemented media. Mixed reactions of strain combinations possessing various genetic differences at H-2 produced cytotoxic lymphocytes with cytolytic activity against cells of the donor used in the sensitization phase. Results suggest that both serologically defined and lymphocyte-defined determinants can act as effective target antigens on target cells. In contrast, no cytotoxic lymphocytes were generated against products of non-H-2 loci--M-locus, theta, or other non-H-2 antigens--that induce MLC activation. PMID- 49079 TI - The P-component of amyloid of human islets of langerhans. AB - The P-component of amyloid was found in extracts of pancreases with islet amyloidosis. In double immunodiffusion this P-component showed lines of identity with isolated purified human P-component, normal human serum, and an extract of amyloid-rich liver tissue from a patient with primary systemic amyloidosis. The finding supports the theory that the P-component is present in all native human amyloid irrespective of type. PMID- 49080 TI - Tetanus toxin: direct evidence for retrograde intraaxonal transport. AB - The neurotoxin tetanospasmin causes tetanus when it reaches the central nervous system. In this autoradiographic study, 125-I-labeled tetanospasmin was injected into the leg muscles of rodents, and the nerves supplying these muscles were crushed. The labeled toxin accumulated within axons on the distal side of the crush. This study provides direct evidence for retrograde axonal transport of a macromolecular toxin that acts at synapses in the central nervous system. PMID- 49081 TI - Simultaneous double-image display technic: didactic application. PMID- 49082 TI - Bradycardia during human diving. AB - The bradycardial response to the diving reflex, which occurs in man and in diving animals, is thought to be a physiologically protective oxygen-conserving mechanism whereby the animal is kept alive during submergence. The physiology and nervous pathways are not yet fully understood, but several investigators have pointed out the potentially fatal outcome of an accentuated diving reflex. the CO2 content of the peripheral venous blood has been proved variable and unpredictable during the hyperventilation-breath-hold dive cycle in man. A group of 8 male divers (average age 34 years) was investigated during breathhold dives to 3,3 m in a swimming pool. Heart rates were recorded and compared at various stages during breath-hold and SCUBA (self-contained underwater breathing apparatus) dives, viz. when resting on the surface, breath-holding, hyperventilating and swimming underwater. Two divers performed extreme breathhold endurance tests lasting 135 seconds underwater. All divers had a tachycardia after hyperventilation and a bradycardia after breathhold diving, lasting 80-100 seconds. Extrasystoles were recorded during some of the breathhold dives. Prolonged submergence caused extreme bradycardia (24/min) with central cyanosis. Bradycardia during diving may be a physiological )2-conserving reflex or the start of a pathophysiological asphyxial response. PMID- 49083 TI - Letter: Variety in general practice. PMID- 49084 TI - Carcinoma of the thoraco-abdominal oesophagus. AB - A new approach in the management of carcinoma of the thoraco-abdominal oesophagus, by means of pre-operative chemotherapy, in the form of Methotrexate and irradiation, followed by a one-stage resection, using a thoracic/abdominal approach, is described. This resulted in a marked tumour regression without leading to difficulty with operative management. PMID- 49085 TI - Criteria for an acceptable thromboplastin preparation. PMID- 49086 TI - Data for defining fibrinogen and its plasmic degradation products. PMID- 49087 TI - Heparin cofactor activity measured with an amidolytic method. PMID- 49089 TI - [Do iron preparations damage the teeth?]. PMID- 49088 TI - Immunochemistry of the thrombin-altered NH2-terminal disulfide knot of human fibrinogen. PMID- 49090 TI - [Treatment of advanced cancer of the bladder]. PMID- 49091 TI - [Pain relief in advanced cancer]. PMID- 49092 TI - [Current developments in thoracic surgery]. PMID- 49093 TI - [First clinical results of radiotherapy following partial synchronization by bleomycin]. AB - On the Ehrlich-ascites tumor and on the solide Ehrlich carcinoma of the mouse, bleomycin causes a large fixation in the (G2+M)-phase of the cell cycle of the tumor cells. Even in certain human solide tumors, after the application of bleomycin in a predetermined period an increase of the G2 portion of the proliferating cells can be observed. By individual control which can be peraformed rapidly and with high accuracy by impulse cytophotometry, this partial synchronisation effect can be used for radiotherapy. PMID- 49094 TI - [Semi-deep radiotherapy under high-kilovoltage conditions]. AB - The semi-deep radiotherapy, performed by high-kilovoltage technique, fills a gap between superficial and megavolttherapy, as it renders possible an irradiation in focal depth of 2--4 cm, while largely preserving the deep underlying tissue. Besides which, every form of radiotherapy can be used, as under conventinal conditions. A further advantage exists in the markedly greater skin tolerance and in the low bone absorption of high-kilovoltage radiation, so that much higher focal doses can be achieved. This means that--in superficial processes--the high voltage technique can replace the much more expensive therapy with accelerated electrons. The RT 305 equipment for high-voltage technique can be especially recommended for the following indications: 1. Skin and limph node metastases as well as tumors and metastases which are not situated deeper than 5 cm below the skin surface. Hereby, thean be exposed up to 8000 R, by small or medium cone. At the same time, in comparison to conventional X-ray therapy, the deep tissue is largely preserved. 2. Postoperative radiotherapy of tumors situated right under the skin. 3. Radiotherapy of inoperable breast cancer. 4. Irradiation of relapses on pre-exposed skin. 5. We assume that the high-voltage technique is also suitable for primary radiotherapy of larynx carcinomas, although we have no personal experience of this. 6. The palliative irradiation of deep tumors with the RT 305, due to its preservation of the skin and the relatively low bone absorption, can be performed more easily than with conventional X-ray therapy. The method of choice, however, is the megavolt-therapy. 7. Degenerative diseases and arthroses. PMID- 49095 TI - [Primary radiotherapeutic eutic results of uterine carcinoma in the years 1960 to 1968]. AB - A report is given of 448 cases of corpus carcinoma, treated by primary radiotherapy in the I-st Gynecological University Hospital in the years 1960 to 1968. The 5-years-healing rate in this period was 50.4 percent. It is emphasized that the cases represent a negative selection, as only inbetween the ages of 61 and 90 years. Two women died primarily from pulmonary embolism (0.4 percent). In two patients a rectovaginal fistula developed. The increasing number of patients with diabetes mellitus (23.2 percent) is striking. PMID- 49096 TI - [Treatment of advanced neoplasms in the jaw]. AB - Report is made about the combined therapy with cytostatics (methotrexate - bleomycin) and irradiation in patients with extended tumors in the gnathic region. Ten patients in whom a radical therapy with conventional methods did not promise any success, were treated with intra-arterial infusions of methotrexate and bleomycin and simultaneous irradiation. At present, eight patients are tumor free (observation time 4-14 months after termination of therapy). Although radiation doses and doses of cytostatics were high, only insignificant side effects were stated; consequently, the treatment had to be terminated in none of the patients. PMID- 49097 TI - A proposal that one in vivo function of t cells is to regulate the availability of antigen for b cells. PMID- 49098 TI - B lymphocyte-antigen interactions in the initiation of tolerance or immunity. PMID- 49099 TI - The possible role of i region determined cell surface molecules in the regulation of immune responses. AB - An hypothetical model has been presented by which I region determined cell surface molecules (Ia antigens) mediate the collaboration between T cells and B cells leading to control of the humoral immune response. The model proposes an analogy between Ia antigens and the constant regions of Ig chains. The absolute requirements of this model are: a) On the B cell the Ia antigen is closely associated with the Fc receptor; b) On the T cell the Ia antigen is closely associated with the product of a linked variable region gene which functions as a specific T cell binding site; and c) The interaction between the T cell Ia molecule and its B cell counterpart leads to B cell activation. By the proposed interactive model no additional Ir gene products are required to explain current concepts of Ir gene function. The experimental evidence from our own laboratory and elsewhere upon which this model is based has been reviewed and a variety of consequences and predictions of the model have been examined. There are numerous aspects of the model which, because of a lack of hard data, are open to alternative explanations. The possible usefulness of this model should lie in its ability to suggest further experiments to elucidate the mechanism of B cell activation and control of the immune response. PMID- 49100 TI - The role of antigenic structure in B lymphocyte activation. PMID- 49101 TI - Is there a stimulator cell for B-lymphocytes? PMID- 49102 TI - B cell activation. PMID- 49103 TI - B lymphocyte activation and lattice formation. AB - When B lymphocyte activation is viewed within the general context of the clonal selection theory it is seen that this complex process must, under normal physiological conditions, be initiated only after antigen recognition by the B cell, that is, after antigen binding to the cells immunoglobulin receptors. The cross linking of receptors by effectively multivalent antigens, so as to form a receptor-antigen lattice may be generally required for activation. A theory is developed for the rate of lattice formation in the presence of inhibition by free hapten. It is shown that free hapten can very effectively inhibit the rate of lattice formation, particularly on high affinity cells, even though it cannot compete with multivalent binding at equilibrium. PMID- 49104 TI - The two signal model for b cell induction. PMID- 49105 TI - The theory of the 'one nonspecific signal' model for b cell activation. PMID- 49106 TI - A new perspective on B cell triggering: control of the immune response by organizational changes in the lipid bilayer. PMID- 49107 TI - Separate signals for the initiation of proliferation and differentiation in the b cell response to antigen. PMID- 49108 TI - A sensitive primary immunoassay procedure for assessing the antibody response to antilymphocyte gamma-globulin in renal transplant recipients. PMID- 49109 TI - Decreased antigenicity of mouse blastocysts after activation for implantation from experimental delay. AB - The antigenicity of mouse blastocysts in experimentally delayed implantation and after activation from delay by estradiol administration were determined by two different methods. CBA blastocysts were incubated in C57BL/6J anti-CBA serum, and the amount of antibodies bound to the blastocysts was traced by -125-I-conjugated sheep antimouse gamma-globulin (isotope antiglobulin technique) and sensitized sheep red cells (mixed haemadsorption technique). With both techniques it was possible to demonstrate that mouse blastocysts in experimental delay of implantation possess alloantigens, and that this antigen expression has decreased markedly 14 hr after activation for implantation. It is suggested that this phenomenon may be of significance for noncognition of the allogeneic conceptus during pregnancy. PMID- 49110 TI - Differences in the rejection of trunk skin and tail skin allografts involving weak histocompatibility loci. PMID- 49111 TI - The incidence of hepatitis-B-antigen and anti-hepatitis-B among blood donors in Ndola, Zambia. AB - Hepatitis-B antigen (HBsAG) was detected in the sera of 29 or 250 (11.6%) blood donors in Ndola, Zambia, most of whom were prisoners or students. The incidence among prisoners was 15.1%, among students only 1.6%. Thirteen sera were subtyped, nine carried the y and four the d antigenic determinant. Although there was a marked difference in the incidence of HBs antigen between prisoners and students, when donors were tested for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) this positive. Overall, anti-HBs was detected in 132 of 250 blood donors (52.8%). The sensitivity of radioimmunoassay, counter-immunoelectrophoresis and a newly developed passive haemagglutination (PHA) test, employing tanned formalinised antibody coated turkey erythrocytes, was compared. Although radioimmunoassay provided the most sensitive method, the PHA test compared extremely favourably and was considered to be particularly suitable for use in the tropics. PMID- 49112 TI - Hepatitis B antigen, alpha1 fetoprotein and liver disease in the eastern highlands of Papua New Guinea. AB - The sera from 89 patients from the Eastern Higlands of Papua New Guinea, all with histologically diagnosed liver disease, were tested for Hepatitis B Antigen (HB Ag) and Hepatitis B antibody (HB Ab) and alpha1 fetoprotein (AFP) by a variety of techniques which included radioimmunoassay. In the three main forms of liver disease, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatoma, HB Ag was found with a higher frequency than in patients with non specific liver disease. The frequency of HB Ab was decreased in cirrhosis and hepatoma. AFP was detected in all hepatoma patients by radioimmunoassay, levels being very high in most subjects. In hepatitis, cirrhosis and non specific liver disease, elevated levels of AFP were again frequently present, but at generally lower levels. It is conlcuded that HB Ag and AFP frequency and levels in liver disease are similar to those reported from other tropical countries. Further study is required to elicit the cellular immunological changes in liver disease. PMID- 49113 TI - Isolation and identification of leptospira hardjo from cattle in Argentina. AB - A serological evaluation was done on the prevalence of bovine leptospirosis in Argentina. In 1,857 serum samples obtained from the major cattle raising areas of the country, 59.1 percent showed leptospiral agglutinins in the microscopic agglutination test. The most frequent leptospiral antigens showing antibody reactions were the hebdomadis group serotypes, of which 45.8 per cent of the sera reacted to Leptospira hardjo with titres ranging from 1:100 to 1:25,600. Six Leptospira isolations were made from 161 bovine kidneys collected at local abattoirs. Their isolation and subsequent identification as serotype L. hardjo is described. This study reports on L. hardjo in cattle of Argentina for the first time and confirms the need for improved cultural methodology for its isolation. PMID- 49114 TI - [Morphological and cytofluorometric study of the giant cells of the trophoblast of the common vole]. AB - The primary and secondary giant cells of trophoblast in placenta Microtus arvalis were studied. The giant polyploid nuclei are formed in result of series of successively proceeding endomitotic polyploidization of chromosomes. Two stages of endomitosis are described: endointerphase with the uniform net of thin chromatin threads and the stage when small round or rod-shaped paired chromosomes gather mostly under the nuclear membrane. Great number of round, oval, and complex-shaped nucleoli may be seen in nuclei during both stages of endomitosis, the number growing during polyploidization. The morphology of the chromosome nucleolar apparatus involves peculiarities of the polyploidization mechanism in placenta Microtus arvalis trophoblast. Endomitosis occurs both in low and high polyploid nuclei. Cytofluorometric determination of the DNA amount in nuclei polyploid nature. The degree of polyploidy of the trophoblast giant cells nuclei during terminal differentiation of placenta corresponds to 128c-512c, and some nuclei contain the DNA amount corresponding to 1024 and 2048 chromosomal sets. The cause of origin of the polyploid cells in trophoblast of rodents placenta is discussed. PMID- 49115 TI - [Dependence of heterochromatin differential staining on the time of its reduplication and the degree of condensation]. AB - A comparison of the chromosomes banding pattern after G-and C-staining with the time of DNA reduplication and the degree of chromosome condensation, was carried out using Chinese hamster metaphase chromosomes. Chromosome condensation was studied under 5-bromodeoxyuridine and 5-bromodeoxycytidine treatment. All the chromosomal segments stained with C-technique are also stainable with G technique, while only some G-positive segments are capable to be C-bands. C-bands are heterochromatic segments characterized by extremely late replication and great delay in condensation under the analog action, while G-bands are segments with earlier labelling and irregular decondensation. The data obtained suggest a close correlation between the capability of chromosomal region of G- and C- staining and the degree of its heterochromatinization. PMID- 49116 TI - [Highly permeable intercellular junctions in normal and transformed fibroblast cultures]. AB - Intercellular junctions permeable to ions and fluorescein Na were studied with the aid of intracellular microelectrodes in the cultures of normal and transformed mouse-embryo and hamster-embryo fibroblast-like cells. Normal cells were effectively coupled by the highly permeable junctions. In cultures of 7 types of transformed cells, 3 types of coupling were detected: effective, decreased, and fully reduced couplings. The degree of uncoupling was not correlated with morphological patterns of malignization and tumorogeneity of transformed cultures. The decrease of permeability of intercellular junctions to ions and small molecules is concluded not to be necessary for malignization. PMID- 49117 TI - [Dimensions of the Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum fixed by differentmethods]. PMID- 49118 TI - [Whipple's disease. Report of a case characterized by recurrent left-sided pleural exudate]. PMID- 49119 TI - Use of corticosteroids to isolate IBR virus from cattle in Cyprus after respiratory disease and ataxia. AB - An outbreak of ataxia, blindness, respiratory disease and kerato-conjunctivitis occurred in October 1972 in a beef feedlot in Cyprus. Fifteen animals died and 10 that were severely ataxic were slaughtered; many animals became blind. There was no opportunity to isolate virus when the disease was active but in March and October 1973 infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus was isolated from cattle after they had been treated corticosteroids to stimulate virus excretion. It is probable that IBR virus caused the disease. This is the first report of the isolation of IBR virus from cattle in Cyprus. PMID- 49120 TI - Immunological properties of avian oncornavirus polypeptides. PMID- 49121 TI - Polypeptides of the mouse mammary tumor virus. I. Characterization of two group specific antigens. PMID- 49122 TI - Isolation of a type C virus (FS-1) from the European Wildcat (Felis sylvestris). PMID- 49123 TI - Intracellular recording and staining of directionally selective motion detecting neurons in fly optic lobe. PMID- 49124 TI - [Comparison of various in-vitro tests for the differentiation of thyroid gland disorders]. PMID- 49125 TI - [Changes in the glycogen content of the dog myocardium at various phases of the cardiac cycle with a normal coronary blood flow]. AB - Alterations in content of glycogen in myocardium of isolated heart of dog were studied at different phases of heart cycle by means of a special apparatus for myocardial biopsy and prompt freezing. Significant alterations in content of glycogen were observed during heart contraction. The maximal decrease (by 30.7%) in content of glycogen was found in preparations, obtained immediately after the R peak of electrocardiogramm. During the later steps of refractory period an increase in content of glycogen was observed and at the point, positioned 0.25 sec apart from the R peak, content of glycogen exceeded by 91.7% the initial level. PMID- 49126 TI - [Diabetes insipidus in a 14-month-old child]. PMID- 49127 TI - [Case of tick-borne encephalitis in a 2-month-old boy]. PMID- 49128 TI - Another example of anti-IB. AB - Another example of anti-IB is reported. The antibody would only react with cells having both B and I antigens and was transient. PMID- 49129 TI - [Some indices of the reactivity of the macroorganism in the use of ACS in the overall therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 49130 TI - [Use of gamma globulin for the prevention of complications in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 49131 TI - Adoption and children with learning and behavior problems. AB - One representative case study is used to illustrate the complex interaction of factors that can lead to tragic family dysfunction when an adopted child has learning and behavior problems. The presence of neurodevelopmental problems in an adopted child, special adoption issues and interparental and intraparental conflicts combine to place the child and his family at high risk. The child's neurodevelopmental difficulties are expressed primarily as subtle learning and behavior problems which make him a focus for parental conflict. In addition, the adoption issues of difference, impermanence, feelings of mutual obligation and fear of abandonment are generally poorly understood and form the basis for the development of unique interactional patterns of communication. Finally, in the families studied, it was often found that the adopting parents had serious personal and/or marital difficulties. PMID- 49132 TI - [67-Galliumscintigraphy as an auxiliary method for differentiation of mass lesions of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - Liver scintigraphy with 67-Ga citrate and alphafetoprotein (afp) determinations in the serum were carried out in 84 patients with liver mass lesions in the preceding sulphur colloid scans. Among these patients 51 cases were histologically verfied and 33 patients were regarded as clinically-proven cases. Scanning was carried out 72 hours after the intravenous injection of 3 mC 67-Ga citrate. Corresponding to the intensity of 67-Ga uptake within the former liver lesions 3 groups of 67-Ga scans were differentiated: Ga 0 (the lesion showed no Ga uptake), Ga plus (the Ga uptake within the lesion was equal to that of the surrounding liver tissue) and Ga plus plus (the Ga uptake within the former lesion exceeded the physiological Ga uptake in the normal liver tissue). The number of cases, results of Ga scintigraphy and afp examinations as well as histological, clinical and nuclear medical diagnosis were correlated. It was shown that Ga plus plus cases were strongly suspect of hepatoma, whereas in Ga 0 cases a diagnosis of hepatoma could be excluded. In patients with Ga plus further investigations have to be performed (repeated afp examinations, angiography of the coeliac artery), because cirrhotic regeneration nodules, metastases and necrotic hepatomata were all found within this group. According to our experience liver scanning with 67Ga represents a useful auxiliary examination in liver diagnosis. Ga citrate scintigraphy of the liver is indicated in all cases with mass lesions detected by the routine sulphur colloid scan and in all patients in whom there is clinical suspicion of hepatoma, inorder to differentiate the origin of the lesions. In 2 cases of hepatoma marked Ga uptake was observed at a time when the afp was still negative. PMID- 49133 TI - Bleomycin as carrier substance for 99m-Technetium in tumour diagnosis (author's transl). AB - 99m-Tc-Bleomycin is a promising tool for scintigraphic imaging of some types of malignant tumours. The rapid decay of 99m-Tc, together with a high affinity of bleomycin for certain histologically-defined tumours recommends its use in humans. Moreover, by using high specific activities of bleomycin, no toxic effects are to be expected. At 00-C, the chelate of 99m-Tc and bleomycin is stable and its storage or transport are recommended at this temperature. Following the i.v. injection of rats with 99m-Tc-bleomycin, a high specific activity is found in the liver, spleen, lungs and skin. In view of its excretion by the kidneys an extremely high activity is found in the urogenital system. Scintigraphic imaging of lymph nodes in a case of Hodgkin's disease, of a embryonal carcinoma, of a thyroid carcinoma, of an astrocytoma and of a solid carcinoma was obtained in patients investigated by this method. PMID- 49134 TI - A study of complement components C3, C5, C6, C7, C8 and C9 in chronic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, poststreptococcal nephritis, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome and anaphylactoid purpura. AB - In a comparative study the hemolytic activity of C3, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9 and the C3 proactivator (C3PA) were measured in sera of 22 patients with chronic membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis (CMPGN), 15 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, 10 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, 7 patients with anaphylactoid purpura and 10 patients with acute poststreptococcal nephritis. In CMPGN, C3, C5, C6, C7 and C8 were low in the majority of the patients, whereas C9 and C3PA were depressed only in 21% and 11% of the patients, respectively. By contrast, C3PA and C8 showed striking depressions in the idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. In lupus erythematosus, all the C factors, including C3PA were found to be low with the exception of C9, which was normal in 80% of the patients studied. C3, C5, C6 and C7 were found to be depressed in acute glomerulonephritis; C8 and C9 titers were normal. In all patients studied with anaphylactoid purpura, CH50 and C3 titers were elevated markedly. PMID- 49135 TI - [beta2-Microglobulin in healthy children and in children with renal diseases (author's transl)]. AB - beta2 microglobulin is a plasma protein of low molecular weight (11800), which also appears in urine in small quantities and cerebrospinal fluid. Its serum concentration in healthy children is 0.12 plus or minus 0.04 mg/100 ml, its renal excretion is 0.07 plus or minus 0.05 mg/24 hrs. In glomerular nephropathy serum levels are augmented with diminished GFR, while in tubular nephropathy excretion in the urine is raised considerably. There is a close correlation between serum beta2 microglobulin and GFR. PMID- 49136 TI - [Work group to sensitize student nurses to nurse-patient relations. Importance of the use of audio-visual aids]. PMID- 49137 TI - [Method for determination of the bleomycin inactivating enzyme acitivity in tissues]. AB - An enzyme that inactivates Bleomycin (BLM) can be extracted from tissue. The activity of this enzyme varies markedly in different tissues. In the present paper, a method is described by which the activity of the BLM-inactivating enzyme in different organs and tissues of mice can be determined. The highest activity is found in liver; lower enzyme concentrations occur in the testis, spleen, lung and brain. In skin this enzyme is almost completely missing. PMID- 49138 TI - [T and B lymphocytes in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease. Electron microscopic and immunologic studies]. AB - The number of lymphocytes forming spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, a property of thymus-dependent (T) cells, and the number of lymphocytes bearing surface immunoglobulins, a characteristic feature of bone marrow-dependent (B) cells, were determined in the peripheral blood of normals and of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and Hodgkin's disease. As compared with normal individuals CLL patients had an increased percentage of lymphocytes with membrane-bound immunoglobulins, whereas the proportion of rosette-forming lymphocytes was reduced. In Hodgkin's disease either normal, diminished, or increased B cell values were obtained; the percentage of T cells was decreased or within the lower range of normals. Lymphocyte transformation by various mitogenic agents in vitro may be regarded as a model of lymphocyte reactivity during immunologic processes in vivo. In order to study the functional capacity of lymphocytes in CLL and Hodgkin's disease in comparison with normal cells, purified peripheral blood lymphocytes from normals and patients with these diseases were incubated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) over 7 to 11 days. DNA synthesis was determined by incorporation of 3-H-thymidine. The cyto-architectural features of the cells before and during incubation with these phytomitogens were studied by electron microscopy. Planimetric measurements were performed on micrographs of comparable cell sections (through nucleus and Golgi zone) for the determiniation of cell, nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial area. Furthermore, the number of mitochondria and of membrane-bounded acid phosphatase-positive lysosome-like organelles was determined in comparable sections of unstimulated and mitogen transformed lymphocytes. PMID- 49139 TI - [Problem of epidemiology and prevention of viral hepatitis in the Osh district]. PMID- 49140 TI - [Analysis of the mortality from adenoma of the prostate (for 1963-1972)]. PMID- 49141 TI - In vivo uptake and metabolism of 3-h-5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol and of 3-h-5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol by human prostatic hypertrophy. AB - Tritiated 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol (3alpha-diol) and 5alpha androstane-3beta,17beta-diol (3beta-diol) respectively were administered to patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (bph) undergoing prostatectomy. In prostate and skeletal muscle homogenates and in plasma the total radioactivity content as well as the formation of metabolites were measured. Histological examination of each ectomized prostate was performed to evaluate the cellular composition of the tissue. After 3alpha-diol injection, a higher uptake of radioactivity in the prostate was obtained than after 3beta-diol. Within 30 min the 3alpha-isomer was very efficiently converted to 5alpha-DHT, while most of the 3beta-isomer remained unchanged. There was, however, also after administration of the 3beta-diol a substantial biconversion to 5alpha-DHT as has been confirmed by recrystallization to constant specific radioactivity. Only after 3beta-diol epiandrosterone was detected in small but significant amounts. 3alpha-diol administration resulted in distinct concentrations of 3beta-diol, whereas the conversion of 3beta-diol to the 3alpha-isomer was insignificant. When comparing the histological composition of the prostatic tissue with the accumulation of radioactivity and the formation of metabolites only a weak correlation between glandular structure and radioactivity uptake after 3alpha-diol administration could be revealed. PMID- 49142 TI - [Observations on migration and distribution of the chick primordial germ cells by application of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction to the whole embryo]. PMID- 49143 TI - [Origin and migration of the primordial germ cells in the chick--light and electron microscopic studies]. PMID- 49144 TI - [Fundamentals of rhythmic-psychomotor music therapy. An objective-oriented therapy for children and adolescents with developmental disturbances]. PMID- 49145 TI - A QRS-phase progression indicator. PMID- 49146 TI - Animal models for investigation of latent effects of malnutrition. PMID- 49147 TI - Corneal clouding with increased acid mucopolysaccharide accumulation in Bowman's membrane. AB - Two infants had bilateral congenital corneal clouding and abnormal acid mucopolysaccharide accumulation in a thickened Bowman's membrane. This unusual entity was not associated with acid mucopolysaccharide deposits in the skin and visceral tissues or with increased levels of acid mucopolysaccharide in the urine. The similarity and differences have been compared to the systemic mucopolysaccharidosis and macular corneal dystrophy. PMID- 49148 TI - Defective epithelial adhesion in anterior corneal dystrophies. AB - Experimental and pathologic studies implicated the role of the epithelial basement membrane and its associated hemidesmosomes and anchoring fibrils in mediating tight adhesion between corneal epithelium and stroma. We evaluated the ultrastructural quality of basement membrane complexes in patients with Reis Bucklers dystrophy, Cogan's microcystic dystrophy, and nontraumatic recurrent erosion who presented with clinically significant erosive symptoms. Despite the variable clinical and histopathologic appearances among these dystrophies, incompleteness of basement membrane complexes apparently was a common fault shared by these erosive disorders. Such basic incompetence at the basement membrane level can both provoke and sustain erosions, while the more individual pathologic manifestations of a given anterior dystrophy may be of less primary significance. PMID- 49149 TI - Variability of dermal elastin visualized ultrastructurally with iron hematoxylin. AB - The Verhoeff iron hematoxylin-lead citrate (VIH-LC) method demonstrated vertical elastic fibers that were often composed only of microfibrillar component extending into the epidermal basement membrane in human skin. These fibers connected with a network of trabeculae composed of microfibrils and elastin fibrils in varying proportions. The large elastic fibers in the deep two thirds of the dermis consited mainly of compact bundles of small elstin fibrils in infants and of solid elastin cores with a fimbriated periphery in adults; Dermis of a 6-month-old fetus contained very few small elastic fibrils except around blood vessels. Skin of an elderly subject revealed exteme proliferation of unusual reticulated elastic fibers in various areas and disclosed abnormal nodules of elastin or collagen fibrils in finely particulate matter. Small elastin fibrils, abundant microfibrils, and intermixed individual collagen fibrils comprised an adventitial collar between sweat glands and fibroblasts. Elastin fibrils were absent from this collar in the fetus and increased with the subject's age. A permanganate-high iron diamine sequence appeared to impart density to the microfibrillar component of elastic fibers. PMID- 49150 TI - Fine structural and cytochemical identification of microperoxisomes in developing human erythrocytic cells. AB - An alkaline diaminobenzidine (DAB) medium has been used to identify peroxidase activity in small granules (0.09 to 0.2 mu in diameter) present in all forms of maturing erythrocytic cells with the exception of erythrocytes. These granules, which were more frequent in proerythroblasts (from two to seven by thin section), were distinct from pleomorphic granules present in the close proximity to the Golgi apparatus. They were also distinct from ferritin molecules which were seen as aggregates in siderosomes of polychromatophilic erythroblasts. They often appeared in close association with the smooth membrane of the nuclear envelope. Optimal conditions for the visualization of these granules by incubation in alkaline DAB were obtained when the peroxidase activity of hemoglobin was reduced by addition of low concentrations of potassium cyanide. Lack of hydrogen peroxide in the incubation media completely inhibited the staining reaction of hemoglobin, while the positive reaction persisted in the granules. Aminotriazole in the incubation media prevented the staining of these organelles. These findings suggest that small granules seen in maturing erythroblasts contain catalase and that they correspond to microperoxisomes described in other tissues. The mechanism of their disappearance during reticulocyte maturation is unknown. The relationship between particulate catalase of erythroblasts and soluble erythrocytic catalase has not been elucidated. PMID- 49151 TI - Values, Myths, and Symbols. AB - Defining "symbol" as that which draws together and unites experience and "myth" as a cluster of symbols set in dramatic form, the author discusses the lack of both symbols and myths in contemporary sociaty. This lack had led to a disintegration of commonly held values and, ultimately, to a great need for psychotherapy on the part of individuals seeking personal identity. The individual must define his or her own values according to personal myths. One basic function of psychotherapy is to help individuals in their attempt to recover values. PMID- 49152 TI - [Immunodepressive properties of certain components of placental blood]. PMID- 49153 TI - [Effect of changes in the condition of hypothalamus on the reaction of the neurosecretory system and estrus cycle in rats]. PMID- 49154 TI - Selective separation procedure for determination of ribosomal proteins L7 and L12. PMID- 49155 TI - A simple method for determining specific esterase activity in tissue extracts. PMID- 49156 TI - A rapid method for isolation of peptidyl tRNA from liver polysomes. PMID- 49157 TI - High sensitivity of phenolphthalein monophosphate in detecting acid phosphatase isoenzymes. PMID- 49158 TI - Interchain disulfide bonds in immunoglobulins: analysis by two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. PMID- 49159 TI - Fluorescence detection of nitric oxide in nitrogen. PMID- 49160 TI - Blood histamine levels and eosinophil, basophil counts in urticaria. AB - The blood histamine levels, basophil and eosinophil counts and the percentage of vacuolated eosinophils were observed in 30 controls and 15 patients of urticaria. There was a definite rise in eosinophil and basophil count during the acute stage of the disease which decreased in the quiescent or the symptom-free stage. The behavior of blood histamine level was similar. The mechanisms involved are discussed. PMID- 49161 TI - Familial cold urticaria. PMID- 49162 TI - Kinetics of antibody response to Ehrlichia canis assayed by the indirect fluorescent antibody method. AB - The kinetics of antibody production response to experimentally induced infection of dogs with Ehrlichia canis was determined by ion-exchange and molecularsieve chromatography and by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test. The first IFA antibody at 7 days after inoculation resided in immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) classes. At approximately 21 days after inoculation, the antibody was in IgM, IgA, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) classes. Thereafter, antibody concentrations continued to increase in the IgG class; those in the other 2 immunoglobulin classes had a variable pattern. In 2 dogs which died 60 and 114 days after inoculation, a decrease of antibody concentration in the 3 immunoglobulin classes was evident at the time of death. In the carrier dog, however, which was killed 147 days after inoculation, antibody concentrations sustained increasing titers in the 3 immunoglobulin classes. PMID- 49163 TI - Short-course chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 49164 TI - A new diagnostic unit for corneal ulcers. AB - A self-contained microbiologic unit has been presented as an expedient to facilitate the diagnosis of corneal ulcers in an office or emergency room. In addition, rationale for its contents are indicated. Although the commonly isolated bacteria and fungi, as well as many of the rare forms, can be cultured on the intact media included in this unit, growth of strict anaerobes may not be supported without additional processing of the media. PMID- 49165 TI - Secretory immunoglobulin A in oral and respiratory passages in man. AB - Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the predominant immunoglobulin in certain external secretions and may have an important role in immunological mucosal resistance. SIgA differs in chemical and immunological properties from serum IgA. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antigenic relationship between SIgA, free secretory component (FSC) and serum IgA and the localization of SIgA as well as other immunological classes in tissues of oral and respiratory passages by use of immunofluorescence technique. SIgA and FSC were highly purified from human colostrum and rabbit anti-SIgA and anti-SC antisera were prepared. On the basis of antigenic relationships between SIgA, FSC and serum IgA, it was emphasized that individual specific antisera for SC and IgA and/or SIgA should be used in immunochemical or immunohistological investigations for SIgA. The present study failed to detect SC determinants in palatine and lingual tonsils. However, it was evident that cells present in the pharyngeal tonsillar epithelium contain SC determinants. SC molecules may be synthesized in certain secretory cells of mucous membrane and glandular epithelium and the combining of SC with IgA could occur in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells, the intercellular spaces and/or in the lumens of glandular acini and ductules. PMID- 49166 TI - [Atrioventricular pseudoblock caused by hisian extrasystole]. PMID- 49167 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of genetic disease. AB - During the past decade, a vast methodology has been developed for the study and antenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. The cytogenetic antenatal diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities is possible through the application of new methods for chromosome visualization in cultured amniotic fluid cells. A variety of inborn errors of metabolism may be diagnosed prenatally by the study of amniotic fluid, amniotic fluid cells and cultivated fibroblasts from this biologic fluid. Additionally, morphologic malformations such as neural tube defects and fetal catastrophies may be diagnosed during gestation by the study of alpha fetoprotein and beta trace protein levels. In the past few years, the application of methods for the visualization of the intrauterine fetus has been made possible by the use of techniques such as sonography, contrast radiography and fetoscopy. PMID- 49168 TI - Pathology of the neuromuscular junction. AB - Diagnosis of neuromuscular disease by the study of motor endplate structure in the light and electron microscopes is probably one of the most specialized examinations in the field of neuropathology. The classical means of staining endplates using gold, silver or methylene blue are described as well as more modern techniques suitable for light microscopy. Specific abnormalities in patterns of terminal innervation after methylene blue staining are noted. Techniques for localizing endplates suitable for electron microscopic study are given and some of the typical changes that occur in endplate structure in some neuromuscular diseases are indicated. PMID- 49169 TI - [Action of oxytetracycline on the temperature denaturation of DNA in the presence of various biologically active substances]. PMID- 49171 TI - Chromatographic characterization and opsonic activity of bovine erythropphilic and leukophilic gamma-globulins. PMID- 49170 TI - Effects of dihydrostreptomycin on ribosome function in vivo: lack of correlation between changes in ribosome patterns and growth. AB - In vivo treatment of susceptible Escherichia coli cultures with low concentrations of dihydrostreptomycin leads to a decline in polysomes and a corresponding increase in 70S particles which behave as run-off ribosomes, as well as free 30S and 50S subunits. We have examined the timing and extent of these effects on ribosomes and compared them to the effects of this antibiotic on growth and protein synthesis. We have shown that no changes in ribosome distribution are observed until growth inhibition by dihydrostreptomycin is almost complete. Thus, intracellular dihydrostreptomycin can inhibit growth and net protein synthesis without apparently affecting the ribosome cycle. Since it is known that the antibiotic combines with free 30S subunits, the question is how such combination can bring about the observed inhibition of protein synthesis and growth. We suggest that specific interaction of intracellular antibiotic with proteins of the 30S subunits allows repeated use of the ribosome cycle by such affected particles, but with selective misreading of certain amino acid codons as terminator codons, so that they produce incomplete polypeptide chains. The cumulative effect of such a mechanism would lead to eventual cessation of protein synthesis and growth. PMID- 49172 TI - Alteration of Mycobacterium phlei membrane structure by freezing and thawing: reversal by heating. PMID- 49173 TI - Effect of clofibrate on the adenosine triphosphatase activity of rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 49174 TI - Immunological studies of the fragments of bovine cartilage proteoglycan produced by chondroitinase-trypsin digestion. PMID- 49175 TI - Antigenic analysis of major structural proteins of avian leukoviruses. PMID- 49176 TI - Ammonium and sulfate ion release of histamine from lung fragments. AB - In vitro studies with guinea pig lung fragments incubated with 10- to 200-mM concentrations of ammonium ion demonstrated the release of substanial quantities of histamine. Of the anions tested with ammonium ion, sulfate was the most potent, while nitrate and acetate ions were of intermediate potency and chloride was less potent. An osmotic effect is unlikely since equal concentrations of sodium chloride failed to release histamine. Isoproterenol, known to decrease anaphylactic histamine release, and acetycholine, known to increase histamine release, had no effect on the ammonium sulfate-mediated release of histamine. N-6 2'-O-Dibutyryladenosine 3',5' monophosphate (dibutyryl c-AMP) was also ineffective. These studies suggest that the inhalation irritation associated with certain sulfate and other salts, may be a function of their ability to release histamine in the presence of amonium ion. PMID- 49177 TI - Granulopoietic activity in Felty's syndrome. AB - The levels of urinary and serum granulopoietic factor have been determined in nine patients with Felty's syndrome and compared with similar levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis without Felty's syndrome and patients with neutropenic disorders of other causes. These studies have shown that urinary and serum levels of colony stimulating activity (CSA) in patients with Felty's syndrome are low (mean urine CSA 10.0 and serum CSA 4.0) when compared to patients with neutropenic disorders without rheumatoid arthritis (mean urinary CSA 26.8 and serum CSA 9.4). These findings suggest that Felty's syndrome may be, in part, the result of decreased production or activity of granulopoietic factors rather than due simply to increased granulocyte destruction. PMID- 49178 TI - Significance of plasma copper and caeruloplasmin concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - To understand the role of copper in initiating protein alterations in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as reported previously, concentrations of copper anc caeruloplasmin were determined in RA patients. The mean copper concentration of the RA population examined was 24.8 mumol/l (157.5 mug/100 ml), and the mean caeruloplasmin concentration in this RA population was 45.52 mg/100 ml. These values are not different from those reported by previous workers. However, when the RA population was divided into three groups according to sex and oestrogen therapy it was found that caeruloplasmin and copper concentrations in the group of female RA patients on oestrogens was significantly different from other groups (P less than 0.001). A highly significant (P less than 0.01) positive correlation was obtained between copper and caeruloplasmin concentrations (r = 0.91). Concentrations of copper and caeruloplasmin failed to explain the low sulphydryl content of plasma which was observed to be independent of these two parameters. Increased alpha2-globulin concentration, which was refractory to chrysotherapy but 'finger-printed' with a pure preparation of caeruloplasmin in electrophoresis, along with the absence of Kayser-Fleischer rings, supports the contention that copper is not present in a free ionic state in RA patients. This study shows that only a concurrent oestrogen therapy raises copper and caeruloplasmin concentration significantly in a female RA population. Past investigators appear to have overlooked this fact, and it could be that a disproportionate sex distribution (more female rheumatoid arthritics) could cause misleading results in RA studies. The role of oestrogens, copper, and caeruloplasmin in causing exacerbation of RA symptoms is discussed. PMID- 49179 TI - Esophageal carcinoma. The value of staging in long-term survival. AB - A three-stage study of 177 patients in Puerto Rico who had esophageal carcinoma is presented. Those surviving five or more years over a twenty-one-year period were located. Next, the experience at the San Juan City Hospital from 1968 to 1973 was examined. The information obtained from those two groups led to the last stage, a prospective study in which treatment was based on objective staging of the extent of the disease. Only 27% of these patients are really potentially curable upon admission to the hospital, and they should have aggressive therapy. Adequate palliation can be obtained with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the remainder. The findings that nearly half of the five-year survivors had metastases or tumor extension and that some patients survived for prolonged periods without treatment emphasize the need for individualized treatment and research in tumor immunology. PMID- 49180 TI - Heredopathia atactica polyneuritiformis (phytanic acid storage disease). A new case with special reference to dietary treatment. AB - A 33-year-old man with Refsum disease exhibited clinical features of night blindness, dysequilibrium, hearing loss, itchy dry skin, symmetrical polyneuropathy, distal muscle weakness, pes cavus, and hammer toe. His total serum protein was increased, nerve conduction velocities were slow, and serum phytanic acid levels were high. Dietary restriction of phytol resulted in a decrease in serum phytanic acid without any visual and autitory changes; however, coordination, skin lesions, and nerve conduction velocities definitely improved. PMID- 49181 TI - [Pulsecytophotometric analysis of cervical cells of postmenopausal women (author's transl)]. AB - 49 suspensions with cells of the cervix uteri exclusively taken from postmenopausal women were analysed with the pulsecytophotometer. 7 of these cases had an histologically verified invasive cancer of the cervix uteri. There were no false negative results, the percentage of false positive measurements was about 30%. This good result may arise from selecting the cell material analized exclusively from postmenopausal patients and the choice of mathematical model for histogram interpretation, which has been constructed analogously to the cycle of mitosis of cells. Comparing the different methods of preparation of the suspensions the standard procedure (RNase, pepsin, ultrasonic) before staining with ethidium bromide seems to be the best one. PMID- 49182 TI - Ocular pathology of infantile Niemann-Pick disease. Study of fetus of 23 weeks' gestation. AB - A fetus of 23 weeks' gestation was aborted following the demonstration of sphingomyelinase deficiency (infantile form of Niemann-Pick disease) in cultured amniotic fluid cells that were obtained by amniocentesis. Histopathologic study of the eyes disclosed normal findings for the fetal age, except for fine lipid droplets in the inner plexiform layer of the retina. By electron microscopy, membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB) characteristic of lipid storage diseases were identified in many ocular tissues, including corneal epithelium and keratocytes, lens epithelial cells and fibroblasts of choroid and sclera, and in extraocular muscle. Selective accumulation of MCB in ganglion cells in the primitive macular region was not apparent. An extremely fine membranous component (30 to 40 Angstroms) was seen in some inclusions, suggesting a relatively pure phospholipid content. PMID- 49183 TI - Homologous retinal outer segment immunization in primates. A clinical and histopathological study. AB - Immune intraocular inflammation was induced in primates with homologous retinal outer segments. Perivascular retinitis, uveitis, and edema of the optic nerve head were the prominent acute clinical features. Acute and chronic inflammation was seen in the central and peripheral retinal vessels and granulomatous infiltration was present in the choroid of the uvea. Selective degeneration of the outer segments of the photoreceptor cells of the retina with sparing of the inner segments and of the adjacent pigment epithelium was confirmed by light and electron microscopy. This study strongly suggests that photoreceptor outer segments are highly and specifically immunogenic. The inciting antigen has yet to be identified. Implication of rhodopsin will have to await further studies since it exists as the essential protein in the outer segment. PMID- 49184 TI - Triplet excited states of polycyclic aromatic compounds as probes of their microenvironment in serum albumin complexes. PMID- 49185 TI - Monozygotic twins discordant for systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A pair of monozygotic twins discordant for systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) were studied and no differences noted in their immune respose to tetanus toxoid, keyhole lympet hemocyanin, DNCB, delayed sensitivity, or antibody titers to viruses. Both were noted to have biologically false positive serology at an early age, but only one twon developed SLE. The clinically unaffected twin underwent castration at an early age, suggesting that ovarian hormones may play an important role in the development of SLE. PMID- 49186 TI - [Precocious and acute infantile malnutrition. Effects on the increase of weight and height]. AB - This paper describes the influence of early, severe and extended malnutrition on physical growth, weight and stature in a group of 33 children controlled in their development up to the age of 5 years. The program of treatment was mainly directed to promote the correction of nutritional deficiencies and to educate mothers in feeding practices. Those cases where it was not possible to obtain satisfactory collaboration from the family to the program offered, were excluded. The program that was carried out allowed to maintain, practically without relapses, a fast recovery of the weight and of the apparently good nutritional state of the children. It is also important to stress the absence of infectious diseases and gastrointestinal disturbances in spite of the fact that all patients returned to the same environment they belonged. PMID- 49187 TI - [Study of thyroid function in constitutionally thin subjects]. PMID- 49188 TI - Correction of tricuspid atresia. AB - Although Fontan and Baudet in 1971 described a physiological correction procedure for tricuspid atresia, very few successful operations have been reported. Two patients corrected 20 and 10 months ago at the Brompton Hospital are presented. These two patients exhibit many of the problems in the management of tricuspid atresia. The first patient aged 20 had undergone three previous palliative operations, a Blalock-Taussig shunt, a Glenn procedure, and an infundibular resection, and therefore presented a number of operative problems. In contrast the second patient, aged 8, whose condition had deteriorated considerably over the previous year, had had no previous surgical treatment. At operation he was found, in addition, to have a partial atrioventricular canal. Details of the operative procedures and the patients' postoperative course are described. The criteria for selection of patients for the Fontan operation are discussed as are the possible long-term hazards of homograft failure, atrial dysrhythmias, and hepatic dysfunction. The successful outcome of these two patients suggests that palliative surgery in infancy should allow for this form of correction in later life. PMID- 49189 TI - Adverse reactions to intravenous anaesthetics. AB - One hundred consecutive reports of reactions to intravenous anaesthetics Althesin, thiopentone and Epontol are reviewed and analysed. Ten reactions are attributed to causes other than the anaesthetic drug, and four are believed to have been caused by the muscle relaxant employed. The remaining 86 reactions were grouped according to their clinical presentation: histaminoid reactions ( 19), histaminoid with bronchospasm (33), bronchospasm (12), cardiovascular collapse (uu), delayed histaminoid reactions (6), and clonic contractions (5). None of the first four reaction types was associated with only one anaesthetic. A knowledge of the sales of Althesin has allowed the incidence of reactions to be estimated as between one in 11,000 and one in 19,000. PMID- 49190 TI - Physiological studies in a large sibship with antitrypsin deficiency. AB - A large sibship demonstrated the severe consequences of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Of II living sibs 6 were homozygous deficient (Pi type ZZ) and 5 heterozygous (Pi type MZ). The homozygous group showed severe obstructive ventilatory impairment by spirometry, marked abnormality of airway resistance and specific conductance with striking pulmonary hyperinflation. The heterozygous deficient group demonstrated a less severe obstructive defect by ventilation measurements with only marginal abnormality of airway resistance, specific conductance, and normal lung volumes. The evidence suggests that both the heterozygous and the homozygous states of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency are lung damaging. PMID- 49191 TI - A comparison of different methods of detecting mucin in adenocarcinomas of the lung. AB - The correct classification of carcinoma of the lung is not only of therapeutic and prognostic importance but is also considered to have epidemiological and aetiological significance. Histological tests for mucin are essential in the classification of lung tumours but there is little information available about the influence of the method of detection used on the results of classification. Five established staining techniques were tested using paraffin blocks from surgical specimens of 81 human lung tumours diagnosed as adenocarcinoma, i.e. tumours of WHO Type III. Mowry's alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff (AB-PAS) technique gave the highest proportion of positives (93%) slightly fewer (90%) being obtained by the PAS technique alone. Both these methods were influenced by the presence of cytoplasmic hyaline globules, structures which cannot be regarded as mucin. The stain recommended by the World Health Organization was also influenced by the presence of hyaline globules, was less frequently positive than the PAS techniques and was considered to have no special advantages. The aldehyde fuchsin-alcian blue sequence was positive in only 83% of cases but provided some information about the type of mucin present. Southgate's mucicarmine also detected mucin in only 83% of cases. It was concluded that the apparent incidence of adenocarcinomas may be influenced by staining methods used. Some standardization of technique is desirable and the AB-PAS combination appears to be the most satisfactory. PMID- 49192 TI - Production of antibodies that bind biotin and inhibit biotin containing enzymes. AB - Methods were developed for the coupling of biotin to bovine serum albumin and bovine gamma-globulin using a water-soluble carbodimide. The use of [14-C]biotin as a tracer allowed quantitation of the incorporation of biotin into the conjugates: 2.55 mol of biotin was incorporated per mol of gamma-globulin and 7-9 mol of biotin was incorporated per mol of serum albumin in different preparations. These conjugates were highly immunogenic in the rabbit and anti bodies reactive with the biotinyl group itself could be detected by their ability to precipitate the heterologous biotinated carrier but not the unmodified heterologous carrier. There antisera rapidly inactivated transcarboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase and this inactivation could be blocked by pretreatment of the antisera with biotin or biocytin. Using enzyme inhibition to detect free antibody, the binding constant for biotin was found to be 5.0 x 10- minus 8 M and that for biocytin 3.5 x 10- minus 8 M. PMID- 49193 TI - Molecular conformation of bovine A1 basic protein, a coiling macromolecule in aqueous solution. AB - Aqueous solutions of bovine A1 protein, the major component of the basic protein fraction of myelin, were studied by small angle X-ray diffraction. The experimentally determined molecular weight, 17,800, is within 3% of that corresponding to the amino acid sequence, 18, 395, and the radius of gyration was found to be 46.3 A. No equivalent scattering particle of uniform electron density could be found which was compatible with all parameters evaluated from the diffraction measurements. The possibility of a coiled shape was therefore investigated using a worm-like chain model. This yielded a contour length of 439 A and a persistence length of 15.7 A. The radius of gyration of this model chain, 47.1 A, is in quite reasonable accord with the experimental value. The latter, after correction for excluded volume effects and finite chain length, yields for the characteristic ratio, ro2/nplp-2, 5.4. This may be compared with the value, 6.1, obtained after applying a correction for finite chain length to the viscosity data given by Tanford et al. for 12 proteins in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride and 0.1 M beta-mercaptoethanol. These two experimental values fall in the expected order, since the 15% glycine content of the A1 protein is considerably higher than the average for other proteins, which is about 8%. The corresponding values predicted from conformational calculations by Miller et al. for random copolymers of the L-alanine-glycine type are 5.9 (18% glycine) and 7.0 (8% glycine). We conclude that the A1 protein exists predominately, if not exclusively, as a random coil in aqueous solution. PMID- 49194 TI - The inhibition of phospholipid synthesis in escherichia coli by phenethyl alcohol. AB - The kinetics of lipid metabolism during phenethyl alcohol treatment of Escherichia coli were examined. Phenethyl alcohol at a non-bacteriostatic concentration reduces the accumulation of [32-P] phosphate into phospholipids and alters the phospholipid composition of the cell membrane. The changes in phospholipid composition are a result of the inhibitory effect of phenethyl alcohol on the rates of synthesis of the individual phospholipids. The inhibition in the rate of phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis by phenethyl alcohol was twice the inhibition in the rate of phosphatidyglycerol synthesis. The de novo rate of cardiolipin synthesis was only slightly inhibited. However, net cardiolipin accumulation increased during phenethyl alcohol treatment due to a more rapid turnover of phosphatidylglycerol to cardiolipin. Phenethyl alcohol also altered the fatty acid composition of the cell as a result of its inhibitory effect on the rate of individual fatty acid synthesis. However, the inhibition of phospholipid synthesis was not reversed by fatty acid supplementation of phenethyl alcohol treated cells. This result indicates that phenethyl alcohol does not inhibit phospholipid synthesis solely at the level of fatty acid synthesis. PMID- 49195 TI - Topological studies on the hydrolases bound to the intestinal brush border membrane. II. Interactions of free and bound aminopeptidase with a specific antibody. AB - The position of the intestinal brush border aminopeptidase with respect to the lipid bilayer has been investigated with the aid of right side out vesicles prepared from the brush border and an immunological technique using an unlabelled or peroxidase-labelled antibody specific for aminopeptidase. The finding that the bound form of the enzyme was almost as readily inhibited and agglutinated as the free form during incubation with the antibody was consistent with the view that the majority of the aminopeptidase surface emerged from the bilayer. This finding was entirely corroborated by the observation that only a few antigenic determinants were not free to react with the antibody in bound aminopeptidase. This immunological technique may be applied to other membrane proteins provided that preparations of the pure proteins and of specific antibodies are available. PMID- 49196 TI - Regional and cellular localization of glycosyltransferases in rat small intestine. Changes in enzymes with differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. AB - Optimal assay conditions were determined for four glycosyltransferases in rat small intestinal mucosal homogenates and the regional distribution and cellular localization of these enzymes was studied. For each glycosyltransferase, similar levels of activity were found in duodenal, proximal jejunal and distal ileal segments; activities of the galactosyltransferases were lower in the distal jejunal-proximal ileal segment. Planar section studies indicated that the undifferentiated crypt cells had significantly higher levels of sialyltransferase activities in the jejunum and ileum than the mature villus cells. A similar crypt to villus gradient was found for a galactosyltransferase in the ileum. These data suggest that glycoprotein synthesis may be active in the undifferentiated crypt cells and that certain glycosyltransferases may serve as marker enzymes for cellular differentiation in the intestine. PMID- 49197 TI - Current-voltage studies on the thylakoid membrane in the presence of ionophores. AB - The reversibility of the binding of ionophores to the thylakoid membrane is studied. While gramicidin binds practically irreversibly, valinomycin and nonactin bind reversibly, however, only a small fraction (about 1%) of the membrane-bound valinomycin or nonactin is active in ion transport. The current voltage relationship is evaluated under these circumstances. We have found that it is practically linear. This together with the relationship between current and ion concentration agrees qualitatively with the results reported for bimolecular lipid membranes, which contain a large fraction of negatively charged lipids. For the ionophores, valinomycin and nonactin, the binding equilibria (K approximately equal to 10-4) and the turnover numbers (approximately equal to 3-10-4/s) are evaluated for their action on the thylakoid membrane. Possible reasons for the inactivity of the majority of membrane-bound ionophore molecules are discussed. PMID- 49198 TI - Immunoabsorption of membrane-specific antibodies for determination of exposed and hidden proteins in human erythrocyte membranes. AB - Human erythrocyte membrane proteins solubilized with the non-ionic detergent Berol EMU-043 have been characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with rabbit antibodies raised against the membrane material. Three out of sixteen membrane-specific immunoprecipitates disappeared when the antisera were first absorbed with intact erythrocytes. This finding indicates that three antigens are exposed on the outside of the erythrocyte membrane. One of these antigens showed acetylcholinesterase activity, and another was the major glycoprotein (glycophorin) as shown by crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis. No antigenic determinants of the latter protein were detected within the membrane or on its inner surface. In crossed immunoelectrophoresis with antisera after absorption with washed, non-sealed membranes only one precipitate remained. This precipitate corresponded to albumin. Accordingly, several proteins seem to have antigenic determinants exposed on the inside of the membrane. PMID- 49199 TI - Isolation and characterization of a basic encephalitogenic protein from the central nervous system of sheep. AB - A basic protein has been purified from sheep brain. The purified protein sedimented in the analytical centrifuge at 56,000 r.p.m. as an homogenous product. This protein induced an allergic encephalitis when injected into guinea pigs. Some physiochemical properties of the protein were studied: the sedimentation coefficient was 1.52 and the molecular weight was 20,000 +/- 2,000, as estimated by electrophoresis in acrylamide gels containing SDS and urea; the specific extinction coefficient (see article) was 6.01 +/- 0.20. The aminoacid composition of the molecule was determined and its most prominent aspects are a high content of arginine and lysine, the presence of a single tryptophan, the total absence of cysteine and cystine and a blocked N-terminal residue. All these properties are very close to those of human and bovine encephalitogenic proteins. PMID- 49200 TI - Validity of plasma factor in schizophrenia as measured by tryptophan uptake. AB - The uptake of L-tryptophan by chicken erythrocytes is stimulated by the presence of human plasma; however, there is no difference between the stimulation caused by plasmas of normal, chronic hospitalized nonschizophrenic, or chronic hospitalized schizophrenic subjects. Human plasma in general contains a complement-dependent antibody which reacts with an antigen present in the membrane of chicken erythrocytes resulting in hemolysis. Hemolysis can be maintained at a constant level by certain concentrations of Ca++ ion, the addition of which resulted in a gradual increase in tryptophan uptake. The calcium effect is probably due to the fact that the metal acts as a cofactor or modifier of component(s) of plasma causing higher uptake. The data indicate that hemolysis is not determining uptake of tryptophan by chicken erythrocytes. PMID- 49201 TI - Basophil counting with a new staining method using alcian blue. AB - Difficulties in obtaining reproducible and accurate enumeration of circulating basophils with existing techniques have hampered investigation of this infrequent cell population. A new basophil staining method is described that employs alcian blue dye for staining of heparin within basophils at low pH and in the presence of lanthanum ions. Basophil recognition is facilitated by reducing nonspecific nuclear staining. This objective is achieved because of the differences in stability of alcian blue-heparin, alcian blue-nucleic acid, lanthanum-heparin, and lanthanum-mucliec acid complexes. Reduction of pH after staining also favors solubilization of leukocyte cytoplasmic proteins, providing greater contrast between stained and unstained cells by reducing light scattering of the unstained leukocytes . The alcian blue staining method is suitable both for chamber basophil counting and automated basophil counting using continuous-flow sampling and electro-optical detection. The new staining method was evaluated by comparing it with the chamber counting method using toluidine blue in a triple-blind study in which the results of basophil counting by the alcian blue chamber method, alcian blue automated instrument method, and the toluidine blue chamber method were analyzed for reproducibility and compared with an indirect basophil count obtained from a 1000-cell leukocyte differential and a total leukocyte count. Both alcian blue staining methods gave greater reporducibility that toluidine blue and were more accurate, as evidinced by a significantly higher correlation with the indirect basophil count. The improved reproducibility, accuracy, and convenience of this method over existing methods should facilitate the collection of more meaningful information about circulating basophil levels in health and disease. PMID- 49202 TI - A medical librarian's bag of tricks: coordinating books and media. AB - The development of a coordinated program of print and nonprint materials in the Library of the College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey is traced. Fundamental to creating a successful program is a good staff, freedom to grow, and strong administrative support. A positive and aggressive attitude on the part of librarians is an important ingredient in increasing utilization of media. PMID- 49203 TI - The role of an Educational Media Advisory Committee in the health science library. PMID- 49204 TI - Plasma zinc legels in prostatic disease. AB - Plasma zinc concentrations rise in men over the age of 55 years and fall in women of a similar age-group. They are higher in men with clinically diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia, but the level does not appear to be related to the size of the gland. Plasma zinc concentrations are not helpful in the diagnosis or management of carcinoma of the prostate, but may prove useful in excluding this diagnosis. PMID- 49205 TI - Serum ferritin assay and iron status in chronic renal failure and haemodialysis. AB - Forty-four patients with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis for four months to eight years were studied. All recieved intravenous iron dextran 100 mg on alternate weeks. Serum ferritin concentrations correlated well with body iron stores estimated by grading the bone marrow stainable iron. Altogether 34 patients showed increased bone marrow iron stores and serum ferritin concentrations greater than controls; four patients showed absence of iron in the marrow, and three of these had subnormal serum ferritin concentrations. Serum ferritin assay represents the best method of repeatedly monitoring the exact amount of iron therapy needed by patients with chronic renal failure, particularly those on regular haemodialysis. PMID- 49206 TI - Letter: Alpha-fetoprotein in amoebic colitis and liver abscess. PMID- 49207 TI - Specificity of human serum antibodies against endotoxin from N. gonorrhoeae. AB - Sera from patients with gonorrhoea were used to study the specificity of human antibodies against determinant a of endotoxin from gonococcal strains 8551, V, and VII. The sera were tested by an indirect haemagglutination technique before and after absorption with endotoxin from the same strains. The sera were used untreated and treated with mercaptoethanol (ME). The untreated and ME-treated sera showed antibody activity against all the a determinants when examined unabsorbed. After absorption with any of the endotoxin preparations the sera usually demonstrated antibody activity against one or both of the other preparations. The pattern of reactivity thus observed differed from one serum to another. Treatment of sera with ME resulted in an altered pattern of reactivity of four of the five sera. The results indicate multispecificity of human antibodies against the a determinants. PMID- 49208 TI - Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in the magnocellular neurosecretory system of the rat. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the pituitary in adult rats. After 2-3 days, the neurones of the supraoptic nuclei, the magnocellular parts of the paraventricular nuclei, and the various accessory neurosecretory hypothalamic nuclei showed accumulation of HRP. The HRP reaction product consisted of fine, discrete cytoplasmic granules, and in electron micrographys it was seen to be located in the lysosome-like dense bodies of 0.4-0.6 mum diameter which are normally present in the cytoplasm of the neurosecretory neuron.es. Very little reaction product was found in the neurosecretory axons. Reaction product was also found in the hypothalamic arcuate nuclei. This was the result of an endogenous peroxidase-like activity, since it occurred in control animals which had not received HRP. This endogenous reaction product is non-neuronal. Morphologically, it takes the form of distinctive clusters of coarse granules which are seen in electron micrographs to be characteristic angular bodies of 0.7-1.0 mum diameter located in the cytoplasm of astrocytes or their processes. PMID- 49209 TI - The origin of fornix fibers which project to the mammillary bodies in the rat: a horseradish peroxidase study. PMID- 49210 TI - Demonstration of nigrothalamic connections in the cat by retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 49211 TI - Dendritic and axonal transport of nucleoside derivatives in single motoneurons and release from dendrites. PMID- 49212 TI - The smooth endoplasmic reticulum: structure and role in the renewal of axonal membrane and synaptic vesicles by fast axonal transport. AB - The spatial arrangement of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) was studied in 0.5-2 mum thick sections of rat spinal and chick ciliary ganglia previously impregnated with heavy metal salts. Electron microscopy at low (10-5 V) or high (10-6 V) voltage showed the impregnated SER as a continuous system extending probably from the perikaryon to the axon terminal. Tubules of the SER, which were running in a parallel direction with the axon, were occasionally seen in close apposition with the axonal membrane. Moreover in the preterminal region, anastomosed tubules of the SER formed a subsurface 'primary network' and gave rise to a deeper 'secondary network' made of thinner tubules; synaptic vesicles bulging at the tip of thin tubules of the SER were frequently observed. To specify the role played by the SER in the fast axonal transport, chicken ciliary ganglia were slighty compressed and radioautographed 3 h after the intracerebral injection of [3-H]lysine. Quantitative analysis of the silver grain distribution indicated that labeled proteins, rapidly conveyed down the axon, piled up in regions containing an accumulation of SER profiles. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that: (1) the SER appears as a continuous intraaxonal pathway bridging the perikaryon and the axon terminal; (2) the SER conveys macromolecular components with the fast axonal transport; (3) the conveyed macromolecules, which are delivered to the axonal membrane and to the synaptic vesicles, are probably transferred by means of connections with the SER. PMID- 49213 TI - Connections of layer VI in striate cortex of the grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). PMID- 49214 TI - Allergic encephalomyelitis: modification of the response by synthetic membrane structures containing bovine myelin basic protein and cerebroside. PMID- 49215 TI - The effect of penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin and prednisolone treatment of experimental Candida krusei infections of the mammary glands of dairy cattle. AB - The growth of Candida krusei in quarters treated intramammary with penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin and prednisolone was compared with growth in untreated quarters. No clinical mastitis occurred in any of the quarters of either group. The number of yeast organisms isolated from the quarter during and after the treatment period appeared similar in both groups. The number of leukocytes in all treated quarters increased during the antibiotic and steroid treatment period but the number of yeast isolated remained the same or decreased as compared to the control quarters. PMID- 49216 TI - Lactoglobulins (goat) in the immunofluorescence staining of parainfluenza virus type 2 in L-132 cells. AB - Instillation of parainfluenza virus type 2 in the mammary gland of the goat resulted in the appearance of specific and high titered antibodies in the milk. The globulin fraction of the milk was separated and conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. These conjugated antibodies could be successfully used in the specific staining of the homologous virus in infected L-132 cells. Therefore, milk from such immunized animals represents a rich and convenient source of specific antibodies for use in immunofluorescence and other serological tests. PMID- 49217 TI - Current concepts of chemotherapy combined with other modalities for head and neck cancer. AB - This paper presents an overview of studies of therapy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in which chemotherapy was combined with other modalities. The rationale for using chemotherapy with surgery is discussed, but ststematic studies of this combination of modalities have not been reported. Systemic chemotherapy plus radiation therapy has been studied using hydrozyurea, t fluorouracil (5-FU), and methotrexate (MTX). Uncontrolled studies with hydroxyurea report favorable results, but a well-controlled study gave negative results. Controlled studies with 5-FU have given favorable results in certain tumor stages and sites of origin. MTX plus radiation in a small series produced slightly better survival than radiation alone. Intra-arterial chemotherapy plus radiation therapy has been the subject of exploratory studies but no firm conclusions can be drawn from these studies. Chemotherapy plus immunotherapy has been explored and merits further study. Based on the studies reported to date one can suggest the need for large-scale randomized control studies of long-term chemotherapy combined with other modalities. PMID- 49218 TI - Combined therapy in the management of laryngeal carcinoma. PMID- 49219 TI - Combined bleomycin and irradiation. PMID- 49220 TI - Simultaneous intermittent bleomycin and radiological treatment of laryngeal cancer. AB - Bleomycin has been shown to have a significant effect on squamous cell carcinomas, particularly on highly differentiated types. Applying combined bleomycin and x-rays simultaneously in an intermittent schedule, a synergistic effect was obtained. It was possible to lower the dosage of each and still achieve remarkable therapeutic responses. At the same time the side effects were reduced. The total dosages have been bleomycin 180 mg and x-rays 4.200 r skin dose, tumor dose approximately 2.500 r. Eighty-two laryngeal cases received such treatment. Altogether a complete regression was achieved in 62 per cent. Glottic tumors showed complete regression in 85 per cent. In six out of 10 inoperable cases, the tumor became surgically accessible by laryngectomy. In successfully treated patients characteristic histological changes were found, consisting in unusually large amounts of fully keratinized cells. PMID- 49221 TI - Effects of anti-beta-2 microglobulin antibodies on human lymphocytes. PMID- 49222 TI - The induction of immunological unresponsiveness in previously immunized mice. PMID- 49223 TI - Interference of tolerance to human gamma globulin by synthetic polynucleotides. PMID- 49224 TI - Differing responses of inbred rat strains in experimental autoimmune thyrioditis. PMID- 49225 TI - Induction of anti-hapten antibody response by hapten-isologous carrier conjugate. II. Specificity of hapten-reactive helper T cells. PMID- 49226 TI - Induction of booster antibody formation without specific antigenic drive. PMID- 49227 TI - [Developmental aphasia and its rehabilitation]. PMID- 49228 TI - The conjugation of chlorambucil with human gamma-globulin: confirmation that the drug is bound in an active form. PMID- 49229 TI - Multiform ventricular ectopic rhythm. Evidence for multiple parasystolic activity. AB - Six patients whose standare electrocardiograms showed multiform ventricular ectopic rhythm were studied. All patients had advanced organic heart disease and a significant intraventricular conduction defect (left bundle branch block in five and right bundle branch block plus left anterior hemiblock in one). The ventricular arrhythmia was generally resistant to antiarrhythmic therapy. Five of the six patients died after 2 to 6 months form the period of observation from terminal heart failure. None died suddenly. The ventricular arrhythmia did not seem to be directly related to mortality in any patient. Critical analysis of several long rhythm strips in each case revealed that discharge from multiple ventricular parasytolic foci shared in the multiform ventricular activity. The concurrent discharge of a minimum of three parasytolic foci and a maximum of six foci was found in the same case with a total of 24 parasystolic foci in the six patients. There was a remarkable constancy of the QRS configuration of all parasytolic foci over periods of observation of up to 16 months. However, 22 out of 24 parasystolic rhythms showed significant variation in the apparent rhythm or the administration of drugs. Fourteen parasytolic foci showed evidence of exit block, some of which were exaples of a rapid parasystole with a high degree of exit block. The study suggests that multiform ventricular ectopic rhythm may, in part, be due to the concurrent discharge of multiple parasystolic foci. PMID- 49230 TI - The carrier effect of gamma globulin when a polyethylene glycol separation technique is used in digoxin radioimmunoassay. PMID- 49231 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of steroid hormone -- application of mildly acidic pepsin treated gamma globulin in separation of free and bound forms in ammonium sulfate precipitation]. PMID- 49232 TI - Genetics of the GPT system. Family, mother/child and association studies. AB - GPT types are presented for 150 Norwegian matings, with 454 children, and 1703 Norwegian mother/child combinations. There were five exceptions to a simple codominant inheritance pattern, all believed to be due to a segregating Gpt-0 allele. Rare phenotypes were encountered in two of the families and in 11 of the mother/child combinations. Compiled family material and mother/child material are presented. No indication of association was found between GPT types and phenotypes within the ABO, Rh, MN, Hp, Gc, C3, PGM1, and ACP1 systems. There is a marked association between EBS-Ogna (epidermolysis bullosa simplex, type Ogna) affection and GPT phenotypes. This reflects the Gpt-EBS1 linkage phase. No evidence was found of association between GPT phenotypes and either nephrological diseases or PKU (phenylketonuria). PMID- 49233 TI - Malabsorption and protein-losing enteropathy in a child with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. PMID- 49234 TI - Enhancement of T-lymphocyte differentiation in vitro by thymic extracts after bone marrow transplantation in severe combined immunodeficiencies. PMID- 49235 TI - The effect of salicylate and chloroquine on prostaglandin-induced articular damage in the rabbit knee. AB - Prostaglandins are found in increased concentrations in various arthritic joint fluids, and the E and F series have been shown to produce inflammation. Vane suggests that the effectiveness of aspirin is mediated by inhibition of synthesis or release of prostaglandins. In our studies PGE-1 intra-articularly produced the greatest amount of synovial and cartilage damage of the several PGs tested. Five knee intra-articular injections of 500 ng PGE-1 were given to 12 mature white New Zealand rabbits at 4 day intervals, with control solutions on the opposite sides. Four with intramuscular chloroquine at clinical levels and 4 controls. At 20 days histologic examination with H & E and safranin-O showed increased synovitis and abnormal cartilage in the controls and salicylate groups, normal cartilage in the chloroquine group. Whereas chloroquine's ability to stabilize cell membranes is protective in this experiment, salicylate's ability to prevent biosynthesis of prostaglandins is bypassed and therefore is not protective. Vane's hypothesis is supported by this study of PG induced experimental arthritis. PMID- 49236 TI - [2 cases of hepatocholangioma]. PMID- 49237 TI - [Clinical use of indomethacin administered intravenously in the analgesic treatment of neoplasms with bone metastases]. PMID- 49238 TI - [Guanethidine therapy of reflex sympathetic syndromes]. PMID- 49240 TI - Viewpoints in the teaching of medical history. I. Introductory comments. PMID- 49239 TI - The development of our knowledge of foetal heart activity: with special reference to Denmark. PMID- 49241 TI - Viewpoints in the teaching of medical history. II. Teaching medical history in the 1970's: new challenges and approaches. PMID- 49242 TI - Viewpoints in the teaching of medical history. III. Exploring new possibilities in the teaching of medical history. PMID- 49243 TI - Viewpoints in the teaching of medical history. IV. Goals in the teaching of medical history. PMID- 49244 TI - Viewpoints in the teaching of medical history. V. Medical history for young people: experience at the Howard Dittrick Museum of Historical Medicine. PMID- 49245 TI - Giovanni Michele Savonarola: an atypical Renaissance practitioner. PMID- 49246 TI - Causation: a problem in medical philosophy. PMID- 49247 TI - Axoplasmic transport. PMID- 49248 TI - Thyroxine and protein-bound iodine concentrations in plasma of the pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stouti (Cyclostomata). PMID- 49249 TI - Specific fetal serum proteins of thirteen mammalian species. PMID- 49250 TI - Kuru. AB - Kuru is a progressive, invariably fatal cerebellar degeneration which occurs in a limited area of the New Guinea Highlands. The word kuru is derived from a term in the Fore language meaning to shake from fear, and it stems from the trembling which is a conspicuous symptom. Few neurologic diseases have attracted the attention of specialists in so many disciplines. No rare disease can have aroused more interest among the laity. Apart from an extensive scientific and anthropological literature, kuru has been the source of inspiration to journalists and travel writers, and it even occupies a prominent position in the plot of a popular novel. The facts concerning kuru are no less remarkable than the mythology that has grown up around it. PMID- 49251 TI - Hormonal contraceptives and plasma sex hormone binding globulin. PMID- 49252 TI - Complimentary, sequential antifertility effects of chlormadinone and norethindrone in the rabbit: implications in progestin only fertility control. PMID- 49253 TI - The metabolic action of gestagens on the cerebral cortex of the guinea pig. PMID- 49254 TI - Present status of the Duffy blood group system. AB - In 1950 a new blood group antibody was recognized in the serum of a multi transfused hemophiliac patient. The reactive red-cell antigen was identified in 65% of random caucasians, and the systemic name Duffy was proposed. Two common antigens, Fy-a and Fy-b, were recognized and shown to be products of autosomal allelic genes, but the great majority of negro individuals were found to lack both antigens. In 1968 genetic studies showed Duffy to be linked to Un-1, which is an inherited structural variation of chromosome number 1. Duffy thus became the first autosomal blood group gene to be allocated to a specific chromosome. Recent studies have allowed recognition of three new antibodies (anti-Fy3, anti Fy4, and anti-Fy5) in the Duffy system. The Rh blood group locus has also been assigned to chromosome 1, and there is evidence that the antigen defined by anti Fy5 is a product of interaction between Duffy and Rh genes. The Duffy blood group appears to be one of importance in clinical blood transfusion practice, and possibly makes the greatest distinction of any of the red cell systems between different groups of the world population. PMID- 49255 TI - Double-blind comparison of metizoline hydrochloride (Ellsyl) and phenylephrine in allergic and vasomotor rhinitis. PMID- 49256 TI - Basis of learning disorders: Management implications. PMID- 49257 TI - A study of the heights and weights of different groups of disturbed children. AB - Mean centile heights and weights of 346 children referred to a child psychiatric clinic were recorded and compared with the psychiatric diagnoses of the children. Neurotic boys were found to have significantly greater mean centile heights than boys with (a) conduct disorders and (b) specific developmental disorders. No significant difference was found in the girls. The difference in boys' heights was not associated with any significant difference in social class, family size, or position in the family. No significant weight differences were found. The results are discussed, and it is concluded that the relationship between physical growth and psychiatric disorder in children merits further investigation. PMID- 49258 TI - A guide to differentiated developmental diagnosis with a case demonstrating its use. AB - The great influx of children needing assessment has presented all diagnosticians with a large body of patients whose conflicts are relatively unfamiliar ones. These children do not fit into the expectable pattern of normal development, nor is an adult-oriented frame of reference of much help in understanding them. What seems needed is a schema in which the developmental deficiencies of these children are related to their present functioning. This paper introduces a guide covering five aspects of development. The guide gives descriptions of normal functioning at ages 0 to 1 1/2, 1 1/2 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 10, and also shows the persistence of this functioning as it is reflected in the attitudes, feelings, and behavior of primary school children. A case illustration is presented that demonstrates the use of the guide. PMID- 49259 TI - Chromosomes of a cell line of Dipodomys panamintinus (kangaroo rat). A banding and autoradiographic study. AB - The chromosomes of an established cell line of Dipodomys panamintinus have been characterised in terms of their C, G and Q banding patterns, and the distributions of silver grains in autoradiographs of chromosomes labelled in early or late S phase. No relationship could be established between C, G or Q banding regions of chromosomes and a particular S phase time of replication of the DNA in these banded regions. The implication of this result to the concept of heterochromatin is discussed. PMID- 49260 TI - Localization of rDNA and Giemsa-banded chromosome complement of white-handed gibbon, Hylobates lar. AB - A karyotype based on banding pattern and chromosome length is presented for the white-handed gibbon, Hylobates lar. Little homology with the banding patterns of the chromosomes of the other Hominoidea can be seen, confirming the early evolutionary separation of Hylobatidae and the other apes. Hybridization in situ with ribosomal RNA shows that the secondary constriction of a submetacentric chromosome (15) is the only site of the nucleolar organizer, as in the Cercopithecoidea. The correlation of polymorphic variation in size of this secondary constriction with grain density suggests differences in the number of gene copies per chromosome. PMID- 49261 TI - Heterochromatic chromosomes and satellite DNAs of Drosophila nasutoides. AB - Drosophila nasutoides is distinguished from other Drosophila species in that the metaphase karyotype shows a pair of very large V-shaped chromosomes. With Giemsa, a distinctive C-banding pattern is revealed along the arms of this large chromosome, indicating a largely heterochromatic nature. Furthermore, the banding patterns of the arms are symmetrical, indicating that it is an iso-chromosome. A comparison between the metaphase karyotype and polytene chromosomes suggests that the large V chromosome appears as the dot chromosome in polytene squash. One autosome has twice the arm length of typical Drosophila polytene chromosomes and arose either by centric fusion and a pericentric inversion, or by translocation connecting distal ends with a subsequent loss of one centromere. This chromosome appears to have a short arm which ectopically pairs with the proximal region of the long arm, representing a duplication of about ten bands. When the nuclear DNA is examined by neutral CsCl gradient, four satellites are observed. As much as sixty percent of the total DNA appears as satellites in the lysate of larval brains. No satellite was detectable in the lysate of salivary glands. These observations led us to suggest that the heterochromatic nature of the large V chromosome is due to the presence of all four satellites in this chromosome and that this large chromosome appears as the dot because of the under-reduplication of the satellites during polytenization. PMID- 49262 TI - [Whipple's disease]. AB - Whipple's disease is characterized morphologically by macrophages in the small intestine which store PAS-postive material, as well as coarsening and atrophy of the intestinal villi, with pseudocystic cavitations. Without treatment it ends fatally due to irreversible diarrhoea and cachexia. Until 1963, only 90 cases had been diagnosed, most of them at autopsy. Intestinal biopsy has facilitated the diagnosis in life. Treatment with antibiotics results in dramitic improvement and remission for many years. From this an at least partial bacterial cause of the disease has been deducted, but it has not been possible so far to identigy more precisely any causative bacteria. Two cases of Whple's disease with some special features are reported. Both occurred in women (previous reports were almost entirely of men). The severely ill patients were cured by tetracycline within a few weeks and have remained completely well at follow-up examinations. The morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa had partially regressed. PMID- 49263 TI - [Thyroid gland function tests]. PMID- 49264 TI - Carcinoma of bladder and urethra in patients with urethral strictures. PMID- 49265 TI - Demonstration of the capillary vascular pattern in normal and bilharzial urinary bladders using the alkaline phosphatase technique. PMID- 49266 TI - Rapid effects of single small doses of L-thyroxine and triiodo-L-thyronine on growth hormone, as studied in the rat by radioimmunoassy. AB - The effects of thyroid hormone deprivation and restitution on growth hormone (GH) economy have been studied in the rat by means of a specific radioimmunoassay. The pituitary GH content and the plasma GH levels before and during stimulation with pentobarbital ("PB-test") were studied in male rats at different intervals after surgical thyroidectomy (T), and in T rats at different time intervals after the ip injection of 0.20, 1.75, and 5.0 mug thyroxine (T4) or 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 1.0 mug triiodothyronine (T3), all doses being referred to 100 g body wt. Pituitary GH content decreased very rapidly after T, a difference being shown at the end of the shortest time interval studied (24 h); 24 days after T, pituitary GH content was 0.3 percent or less of the pre-T level, the basal plasma GH was lower than in intact controls and an increase in plasma GH during PB-stimulation was no longer observed. When rats T for 30 days or longer were injected once with T4 or T3, pituitary GH content increased; basal plasma GH levels increased also and a positive response to PB was observed. An effect on pituitary GH content could be observed as soon as 2 h after the ip injection of 1.0 mug T3, or 6 h after 5.0 mug T4. The "latent period" was somewhat longer when lower doses of the hormones were used. Effects of a single 0.10 mug T3 dose could be detected within 12 h L-T3 appeared to be at least 9 times more potent in vivo tha T4, as assessed from the effect on pituitary GH. The mea-urement by RIA of changes in GH content of the rat pituitary may thus provide the most adequate parameter available at present (other than suppression of TRH-induced TSH release) for a biological effect in vivo of single doses of the thyroid hormones, a measurement clearly related to an important physiological role. PMID- 49267 TI - Observations on the T wave of the equine electrocardiogram. AB - The paper describes changes observed in the T wave and T vectorcardiogram in horse after various periods of exercise. Using radiotelemetry and a bipole lead all horses showed negative T waves immediately after exercise. In some of them this was followed by a markedly positive T deflection. Possible reasons for these changes are briefly discussed. PMID- 49268 TI - Immunological comparison of basic encephalitogen and histone F2A1. AB - The extent of immunological cross-reaction between basic encephalitogen and histone F2A1 on both the humoral antibody level and on the cellular level has been established. The extent of humoral cross-reaction was tested by direct complement fixation employing both anti-histone F2A1 and antisera to basic encephalitogen, by inhibition of complement fixation, by radioimmunoassay and by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. The data obtained failed to reveal immunological cross-reaction at the cellular level was tested by the lymphocyte stimulation technique in rabbits and guinea pigs, by inhibition of lymphocyte stimulation and by delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions. A slight but significant cross reaction between the two proteins on the cellular level was detected by inhibition of lymphocyte stimulation and by the delayed hypersensitivity test. It is concluded that the immunological studies provide limited evidence that the two proteins share antigenic determinants. PMID- 49269 TI - Absolute or relative values in csf electrophoresis? An evaluation of the gamma globulins in multiple sclerosis and other neurological diseases. AB - The frequencies of pathological results in 143 CSF samples of MS patients from the years 1964-1967, and 206 samples from 1968-1973 were compared after agar electrophoresis and cytological differentiation. As they were in good agreement, the two series were combined into one group of 349 MS patients for further comparison with three groups with other neurological diseases (inflammatory, neoplastic and vascular brain affections). Although the absolute gamma-globulin values (mg/l) are somewhat more frequently pathological than the relative values (rel%), they also correlate significantly with total protein and, therefore, do not offer a criterion with a diagnostic value of its own. From them - as from the total protein - a pathological CSF state cna be concluded, but no discrimination between MS and other diseases of the central nervous system is possible. The relative percent values for the gamma-globulins are much less correlated with total protein in all the 4 groups compared; consequently, they represent a more specific criterion for differential diagnosis. PMID- 49270 TI - Recent trends in the medical treatment of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 49271 TI - Insights on chromosome structure from sister chromatid exchange ratios and the lack of both isolabelling and heterolabelling as determined by the FPG technique. PMID- 49272 TI - Release of a growth factor for SV 40 virus-transformed cells by rat liver and hemicorpus perfusions. PMID- 49273 TI - Unique techniques for cell analysis utilizing mithramycin and flow microfluorometry. PMID- 49274 TI - HeLa cell plasma membranes. Changes in membrane protein composition during the cell cycle. PMID- 49275 TI - Pinocytosis as an essential transport mechanism of metazoan cells in culture. PMID- 49276 TI - Axoplasmic flow of protein in the sciatic nerve of mice with experimentally induced myopathy. PMID- 49277 TI - An autoradiographic method for the demonstration of vagal afferent nerve fibres in the lower respiratory tract of the chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). PMID- 49278 TI - A simple method for the microscopic examination of unsquashed, stained organs of insects. PMID- 49279 TI - Electron cytochemical demonstration of -SH groups in the synaptic vesicles of photoreceptor cells with the mixture of zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide. PMID- 49280 TI - Electrophoretic preparation of the two rat alpha-fetoprotein variants. PMID- 49281 TI - Hydrazinolysis and nitrous deamination of glycoproteins. Evidence for a common inner core in carbohydrate moiety. PMID- 49282 TI - Diabetic retinopathy and the fibrinolytic system. AB - We found that patients with long-standing (greater than 10 years) diabetes who have not developed retinopathy had a significantly higher and almost normal fibrinolytic response to venous occlusion and also a higher spontaneous fibrinolytic activity than those who had developed retinopathy. In the latter, the low fibrinolytic activity of the blood was, however, not correlated to a low plasminogen activator activity of the vessel walls. Although generally lower than in controls, the activator activity of the vessel walls in the retinopathy group tended to be higher than in the rest, and in fact those with only minor vascular changes (microaneurysms) had a significantly higher activity than the other diabetics. The fibrinogen and alpha2-macroglobulin levels were higher in the retinopathy group. Thus multiple abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system were found to be related to diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 49283 TI - Distribution of blood and serum protein group characteristics in patients with diabetes. AB - In a sample of 1.033 diabetic patients characteristics of 10 group specific systems (ABO, MNS, Rh, P, K and Fy blood groups and Hp, Gc and Gm serum types) were tested in order to verify any association of hereditary group specific traits and diabetes. The patients were subgrouped for sex, seriousness of diabetes, age of manifestation and body type. The frequencies of the group specific traits were statistically compared with those of an appropriate control group using the chi2 test. Resulting from that investigation an increase of blood group 0 was found in diabetes below average in corpulence (basing upon the Rohrer index), and a confirmation was found for an already suspected association of diabetes and the Gm (a plus x plus) type. PMID- 49284 TI - [Proceedings: Supravesical urinary diversion in advanced and metastizing gynecologic tumors]. PMID- 49285 TI - Subepithelial collagen in intestinal malabsorption. AB - Intestinal biopsies from 146 patients with adult coeliac disease and 13 patients with intestinal villous atrophy of different aetiology were assessed for the presence of subepithelial collagen and compared with a group of 20 control subjects. Subepithelial collagen was a common and non-specific finding observed in intestinal biopsies from patients suffering from adult coeliac disease (36%) and tropical sprue. In adult coeliac disease the described subepithelial changes usually regress following treatment, though marked subepithelial collagen deposition may indicate a poor prognosis. The study showed that the presence of marked subepithelial collagen in a flat jejunal biopsy does not define a separate clinical entity. PMID- 49286 TI - [Hepatojejunostomy as palliation in obstructive jaundice due to carcinoma]. PMID- 49287 TI - [Echinococcus multilocularis causing extensive biliary obstruction (author's transl)]. AB - Infection of man by Echinococcus multilocularis occurs relatively seldom, most commonly localizing in the liver in the manner of a malignant tumour. A case of alveolar hydatid disease is reported presenting with extensive biliary obstruction, and a large cavitation in the liver due to necrosis. A review of epidemiology, clinical and roentgenological findings is given. PMID- 49288 TI - Familial inversion of chromosome No. 8: an affected child and a carrier fetus. AB - An infant with multiple congenital anomalies was found to have a duplication deficiency disorder involving chromosome No. 8. The abnormality was identified as an unbalanced recombinant inherited from the mother who was a carrier of a pericentric inversion of chromosome No. 8. The inversion was observed in several members of this family, including a fetus who was diagnosed by an amniocentesis. The inverted chromosome was demonstrated only with the use of a differential staining technique, in this case, by trypsin-Giemsa banding. PMID- 49289 TI - Mammalian chromosome identification in interspecific hybride cells using "Hoechst 33258". AB - Treatment of fixed chromosome preparations of mouse-human hybrid cells with the benzimidazol derivative "Hoechst 33258" makes it possible to distinguish between mouse and human chromosomes. Treatment of live cells results in differential condensation of mouse and human centromeric regions. The effects of the dye on a mouse-human translocation and the species specific differences of staining and of condensation are in accordance with the assumption that the action of "H 33258" is specifically dependent on the base composition of the DNA. PMID- 49290 TI - Effect of specific antibodies and a2-macroglobulin on emzymatic activity of trypsin and chymotrypsin. PMID- 49291 TI - Isolation of mammalian type C RNA virus cross-reactive antigen and antibody by immuno-affinity chromatography. PMID- 49292 TI - Multiple species-specific and interspecific antigenic determinants of a mammalian type C RNA virus internal protein. PMID- 49293 TI - Modulation of human neutrophil polymorphonuclear leucocyte migration by human plasma alpha-globulin inhibitors and synthetic esterase inhibitors. AB - The exposure of isolated washed human neutrophils to purified human alpha1 antitrypsin resulted in a transient 2-fold enhancement of random migration and concomitant 70-90 per cent inhibition of chemotactic responsiveness to C5a or C3a, while treatment with alpha2-macroglobulin gave a less pronounced brief enhancement of random migration and prolonged 40-60 per cent suppression of chemotaxis. Peak effects occurred with concentrations of 1 mug/ml of alpha1 antitrypsin and 10 mug/ml of alpha2-macroglobulin. In contrast, the inhibitor of the activated first component of complement, at the highest concentration studied of 100/mug/ml, slightly enhanced chemotactic migration in response to C5a without influencing random migration. Preincubation of neutrophils with either L-1 tosylamide-2-phenylethyl-chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) or N-alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) at concentrations of 10-8-10-4M suppressed chemotaxis with concomitant inhibition of random migration by TPCK and enhancement of random migration by TLCK. All agents worked directly and irreversibly on the cells but caused only slight stimulation of the activity of the hexose monophosphate shunt of layers of adherent neutrophils. The results suggest that interaction of the plasma alpha-globulins or synthetic esterase inhibitors with surface receptors on neutrophils can influence both the random migration and responsiveness to chemotactic factors of these cells. PMID- 49294 TI - Multiple specificities of mammalian blood group substances comparatively studied with human isoagglutinins and fractionated anti-H lectins. AB - Purified blood group-active substances derived from different pig, horse, baboon, Rhesus monkey and human tissues were quantitatively studied for their haemagglutination inhibiting potency with: (1) human IgM anti-A and anti-B; (2) human anti-Lea and anti-Leb; (3) Ulex europaeus extracts separated into lectin fractions with respective L-fucose-inhibitable ('anti-HF') and chitobiose cellobiose-inhibitable ('anti-HC') combining sites. Irrespective of species origin, A and B blood group activity per milligram of purified material tended to be strikingly higher in substances low in, or devoid of, Lewis blood group activity. Most of the blood group substances displayed variable but about equally balanced amounts of Ulex anti-HF and anti-HC inhibiting activity. In contrast, pig submaxillary gland mucins displayed strikingly high levels of Ulex anti-HC inihibiting activity, even in the complete absence of Ulex anti-HF inhibiting activity. These serological findings are consistent with current biochemical concepts regarding the heterosaccharide microheterogeneity of blood group-active glycoproteins. PMID- 49295 TI - Immunosuppresive effect of a human hepatic glycoferroprotein, alpha2H globulin. A study on the transformation of normal human lymphocytes. AB - A macroglycoferroprotein of hepatic orgin, alpah2H globulin, the serum level of which increases a few weeks or months before local recurrence of metastases, has been essayed for its immunosuppressive activity. The study was carried out using the lymphoblastic transformation test and was judged by tritiated thymidine incorporation and microscopic examination. PHA-induced blast transformation of 97 per cent of normal donor lymphocytes is inhibited by 100 mug/ml of alpha2H globulin. This inhibitory effect is proportional to the quantity of added alpha2H globulin. In is obvious with a concentration of 2-5 mug/ml, a frequently observed level in the serum of patient with tumours. Preincubation of lymphocytes with alpha2H globulin renders more effective the inhibitory action on PHA-induced transformation. A mechanism of competition between PHA and alpha2H globulin is suggested by preincubation and the inhibitory effect related to the doses. However, microscopic observation shows that alpha2H globulin acts on the earliest events occurring to the stimulated lymphocytes, by inhibiting cytoplasmic RNA and protein synthesis. The alpha2H globulin effect may not only have an immunosuppresive activity but it may have a more general effect, for example blocking or modifying cellular respiration. PMID- 49296 TI - Incomplete antibodies and immunoglobulin characterization in adult urodeles, Pleurodeles waltlii Michah. and Triturus alpestris Laur. AB - Humoral immunoglobulin synthesis has been studied in two adult urodeles, Pleurodeles waltlii Michah. and Triturus alpestris Laur. following SRBC immunization. The specific antibody response is detected after a long period of immunization and is due exclusively to 'incomplete' antibodies which are unable to induce agglutination. The antibody titre is essentially dependent on the number of stimulations rather than on the dose or nature of the antigen (papainized or normal erythrocytes). Antibodies are detected in only 50 per cent of the immunized animals, 50 per cent never respond. This suggests that the latter group does not possess the genetic equipment (Ir genes) to recognize the antigenic determinants and to synthesize the corresponding antibodies. The sedimentation coefficient of the synthesized immunoglobulins was investigated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and their characterization was carried out by starch and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. With this peculiar antigen even after a booster injection, only one class of immunoglobulin, an 18-2S IgM could be detected. PMID- 49297 TI - Immunological responses to Salmonella R antigens. The bacterial cell and the protein edestin as carriers for R oligosaccharide determinants. AB - Responses in rabbits to heat-killed Salmonella minnesota R mutants (chemotypes Ra, Rc and Re) were heterogeneous with respect to the amounts and specific haemagglutinin activities (SHAA) of IgM and IgG antibodies produced to each mutant. Amounts of antibodies in IgM and IgG fractions of sera were determined by quantitative precipitation. For comparison, antibodies were also isolated using an R oligosaccharide-specific immunoadsorbent and quantitated spectrophotometrically. SHAA (haemagglutinating units/mg antibody) of IgG antibodies were similar for all three mutants. In contrast, the Ra mutant induced IgM antibodies with the highest SHAA, while the Re mutant induced IgM antibodies 10-fold lower in activity. The ratio of the amount of IgM/IgG produced was approximately 1/1 for both the Ra and the Rc mutants, while the ratio for the Re mutant was about 1/2. Salmonella R oligosaccharide-protein conjugates (chemotypes Rb2, Rc and Re) were prepared, and the responses to these antigens were compared with those to the heat-killed mutants. The conjugates were specific for the given chemotype, and they were strongly immunogenic when incorporated into Freund's complete adjuvant and administered intramuscularly. Haemagglutinin titres were relatively high, but amounts of antibodies were considerably reduced when the conjugates were administered intravenously without adjuvant. Rabbits immunized with the conjugates in the same manner as with heat-killed R mutants produced predominantly IgM responses in all three cases. PMID- 49298 TI - Nonoxidative fungicidal mechanisms of mammalian granulocytes: demonstration of components with candidacidal activity in human, rabbit, and guinea pig leukocytes. AB - Granulocytes from the peripheral blood of normal subjects and a patient with hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency were homogenized in 0.34 M sucrose. A granule-rich fraction, prepared by sedimentation at 27,000 x g for 20 min, contained components that killed C. parapsilosis in vitro. These were extractable with 0.01 M citric acid and were shown by micropreparative polyacrylamide electrophoresis to be multiple. The candidacidal activity of these neutrophil components was heat stable and they were somewhat more active at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.0. When rabbit or guinea pig heterophils were obtained from sterile peritoneal exudates and similarly fractionated, they also were found to contain components that killed C. parapsilosis in vitro. These were primarily associated with a group of lysosomal cationic proteins lacking direct counterpart in human neutrophils. Among the candidacidal components of the human neutrophil was a protein, more cationic than lysozyme, that exhibited naphthol-ASD acetate esterase activity. PMID- 49299 TI - Effect of trace metals on phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages. AB - Experiments were performed to measure the effect of trace metals on a vital function of the alveolar macrophage (AM), phagocytosis. Since certain trace metals were found to reduce the viability of AMs, a technique was developed to permit examination of live cells only for phagocytosis. Evidence is presented that Ni(2+) selectively altered the phagocytic activity of AMs at concentrations lower than those which caused cell death. It is further shown that a level of VO(3) (-) that caused extensive lysis and death did not reduce phagocytosis in surviving cells. The effects of Cd(2+), Cr(3+), and Mn(2+) on AMs were also examined. PMID- 49300 TI - Possible role of protein(s) as antigenic determinant of the type-specific main antigen of Leptospira kremastos strain Kyoto. AB - Acid hydrolysates of the type-specific main (TM) antigen isolated from Leptospira kremastos strain Kyoto showed a considerable inhibition of complement fixation reaction between TM antigen and anti-strain Kyoto serum. A fraction of 2 N HCl hydrolysate containing exclusively a large amount of neutral sugars showed no inhibition, whereas another fraction containing only a small amount of protein(s) showed a slight inhibition. The remaining fractions containing amino sugars, protein(s), and neutral sugars showed a slight inhibition, but the inhibition did not correlate with the amount of amino sugars. TM antigen, delipidized by hydrolysis with 1 N HCl for 4 min and then dialysis, showed a strong inhibition. The lipid fraction did not show any inhibition. The inhibitory effect of nondialyzable delipidized TM antigen was completely lost by treating the antigen with proteolytic enzymes, indicating that the antigenic determinant of L. kremastos strain Kyoto is intimately related with protein(s). PMID- 49301 TI - Systemic amyloidosis in mice inoculated with lyophilized Candida cells. AB - Injection of lyophilized Candida albicans or C. parapsilosis cells induced amyloidosis in outbred CFW mice. The disease process was irreversible, and a significant number of animals died of systemic amyloidosis within 400 days after the last treatment. The techniques described may represent a model system for the study of systemic amyloidosis. PMID- 49302 TI - Chemical composition and immunological specificity of cell wall polysaccharide group antigens of streptococcal groups P and U. AB - The group antigens of streptococcal groups P and U were extracted with formamide and purified on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-25 and Sephadex G-200. The antigens were shown to be polysaccharides located in the cell walls of the organisms. In a precipitin test, the P and U group antigens did not cross-react with homologous sera of each other, nor with specific antiserum of the group antigen of group E streptococci. The polysaccharide comprising the group P antigen contained rhamnose, glucose, galactose, glucosamine, and galactosamine; the group U antigen was similar in composition but lacked galactosamine and contained more galactose. PMID- 49303 TI - Interaction of hepatitis B surface antigen (Australia antigen) with membrane vesicles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - A lysogenic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured from the dialysis fluid of a patient on chronic hemodialysis treatment whose blood contained hepatitis B surface antigen (HB8Ag). When this bacterium was incubated for 4 to 7 days with serum containing HB8Ag or with purified HB8Ag, a loss of the HB8Ag-specific immunological reactivity was observed. Bacteriophages can be induced from the isolated P. aeruginosa with mitomycin C; the phages, after purification on CsCl gradients, also lyse P. aeruginosa strain 25102 (ATCC). Subsequent to gradient centrifugation of the lysate, a fraction was found with a density around 1.40 g/ml that inactivated HB8Ag after a 4-h incubation at 37 C as determined by counterelectrophoresis and hemagglutination inhibition. The activity was not found in appreciable amounts in other gradient fractions. The electron microscope shows that the active fraction contains envelope vesicles of 45 to 60 nm in diameter. In spite of their loss in HB8Ag activity, the HB8Ag particles (22nm) appeared morphologically intact. These findings suggest that an enzyme(s) is present in the vesicle fraction which inactivates antigenic determinants on HB8Ag particles. Thus, the presence of these bacteria in environments such as feces, dialysis tanks, and contaminated drinking water may prevent the detection of HB8Ag. PMID- 49304 TI - Effect of infection with Trichinella spiralis and BCG on thymic histology. AB - The histology of mouse thymic tissue was examined following infection with Trichinella spiralis and/or BCG. ICR/CD-1 mice were orally infected with 200 T. spiralis 56 days preceding intravenous administration of 4x10-6 viable BCG. Following assessment of delayed hypersensitive foot pad reactions to BCG, the mice were bled and sacrificed. The thymus was removed from each animal, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, embedded in paraffin and cut in 4 mum sections. Examination of serial sections indicated that T. spiralis and T. spiralis-BCG infections induced distinct anatomical changes within the thymic cortex and medulla, which may be related to previously described functional alterations of the immune system. PMID- 49305 TI - Human antibodies to bovine alpha-globulin. AB - Antibodies to bovine gamma-globulin (anti-BGG antibodies) were detectable by a radio-immunoassay in 70% of healthy blood donors but, generally, the titres were low. Significantly increased concentrations of anti-BGG antibodies were found in patients lacking IgA but not in patients with allergic disorders. The anti-BGG antibodies were shown to give rise to falsely high IgE values in the radio immunosorbent test for IgE determination (RIST) when a sheep anti-IgE antiserum was used. Furthermore, falsely positive results can sometimes be caused by such antibodies in the determination of cow-dander- or cow's-milk-specific IgE by the radio-allergosorbent test (RAST). When a rabbit anti-IgE antiserum was used instead of the sheep anti-IgE, normal IgE levels and negative RAST results were obtained. The difference is explained by the higher degree of cross-reactivity between the anti-BGG antibodies and sheep alpha-globulin than between anti-BGG antibodies and rabbit alpha-globulin. PMID- 49306 TI - Functional anatomy of lymph nodes. I. The paracortical cords. AB - Histological alterations in the paracortical zones of rabbit lymph nodes were produced by the intravenous injection of the acridine dye euchrysin. The paracortical parenchyma was reduced to narrow bands of lymphoid tissue which cuffed and outlined the venules against a distended and cell-filled sinus system. These perivenous lymphocyte cuffs, termed the paracortical cords, represented the basic anatomical unit of the thymus-dependent paracortical area. Both the paracortical cords and sinuses are cell traffic pathways, but during stages of antigen-induced lymphocyte trapping the cords retain more cells than do the sinuses. Proliferation of T cells and differentiation of B cells both occur within these cords in a microenvironment conductive to cellular cooperation. PMID- 49307 TI - Automated histamine release. A method for in vitro allergy diagnosis. PMID- 49308 TI - Release of chemical mediators from both allergic and non-allergic human leukocytes. PMID- 49309 TI - Hymenoptera sensitivity. Diagnostic and therapeutic studies. PMID- 49310 TI - Mechanisms for sensitization of human basophil granulocytes. PMID- 49311 TI - Sequential analysis of the allergic response: cyclic AMP, calcium and histamine. PMID- 49312 TI - Energy production in rat mast cells and its role for histamine release. PMID- 49313 TI - Stimulation and inhibition of histamine release from isolated rat mast cells. Dual effects of the ionophore A23187. PMID- 49314 TI - Adenosine triphosphate content of mast cells in relation to histamine release induced by anaphylactic reaction. PMID- 49315 TI - The effect of glucocorticoids and catecholamines on cyclic AMP and allergic histamine release in guinea pig lung. PMID- 49316 TI - Is there a link between resistance of rats to dextran and their failure to produce reaginic antibodies? PMID- 49317 TI - Allergenic activity of proteins from mice. PMID- 49318 TI - Effect of graft-versus-host reactions on reagin production in mice. PMID- 49319 TI - T-cell control of B-cell responsiveness. PMID- 49320 TI - Molecular mechanism of T and B lymphocyte triggering. PMID- 49321 TI - Cellular mechanisms of IgE antibody response. PMID- 49322 TI - Clinical and experimental aspects of standardization and purification of allergen. PMID- 49323 TI - Allergen assay and extract potency estimation. PMID- 49324 TI - The role of inhalation challenge. PMID- 49325 TI - Lymphoblastoid transformation and kinetics of appearance of viral nuclear antigen (EBNA) in cord-blood lymphocytes infected by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). AB - Human cord-blood lymphocytes were infected with B95.8 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) before and after separation into B- and T-cell populations. Lymphoblastoid cells exhibiting B-cell characteristics appeared after 2 to 3 days of culture in the total population and in the separated B-cell subpopulation but not in the T-cell subpopulation. EBV nuclear antigen (EBNA) was detected concurrently with the appearance of lymphoblastoid cells. The proportion of EBNA-positive cells corresponded to that of lymphoblastoid cells, and reached 50% after 4 days. EBNA was present only in cells with B-cell markers. These observations indicate that only B-cells are susceptible to EBV infection, that the transformation occurs within a few days and that EBNA is a valid early marker for susceptibility to EBV transformation. PMID- 49326 TI - Distinction between tumor-specific transplantation antigen and virion antigens in solubilized products from membranes of virus-induced leukemic cells. AB - A membrane antigen from RBL-5 leukemic cells that was solubilized and partially purified is further characterized in this study. This soluble antigen is capable of immunizating syngeneic hosts to reject neoplastic cells and thus resembles TSTA. It also induces cytotoxic antibody in syngeneic hosts capable of specifically lysing RBL-5 cells in vitro. RBL-5, however, releases infectious virus (RLV); it was necessary therefore to rule out virus or structural virion antigens as the effective immunogen. Infectious virus was not detectable in our initial crude membrane (CM) material, nor in the papain-solubilized CS or the G 150 Sephadex-chromatographed fraction. Virus-neutralizing antibody was not detected, under stringent assay conditions, in the syngeneic anti-CM sera. Antigen preparations CM, CS and the chromatographeal fractions F1, F2 and F3 were assayed in a complement-fixation test against brood-reacting antisera capable of detecting virus envelope antigen and gs antigen and against syngeneic antisera. Although our antigen preparations were positive for virion antigens, CS and F2 contained an antigen that reacted only with syngeneic antiserum. These same fractions were those reactive as immunogens. On the basis of these data, it is postulated that a cellular membrane component, other than viral, functions as TSTA. PMID- 49327 TI - Transplantable murine tumors release mouse-tropic and xenotropic type-C viruses. AB - Transplantable mouse tumors used in many areas of cancer research generally produce several host-range classes of infectious type-C virus. The release of virus from such tumors should be considered in the design and evaluation of experiments in which they are used. PMID- 49328 TI - Competition radioimmunoassay for mason-pfizer monkey virus: comparison with recent isolates. AB - The major core protein of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus was purified by DEAE ion exchange column chromatography and shown to be 27,000 daltons (p27). Following the characterization of monospecific antisera prepared against p27, a radioimmunoassay was developed with these reagents and competition experiments were done with come of the recent M-PMY-like isolates as well as with other oncornaviruses. Results suggest that three of the viruses tested, AO, X-381 and FTP-1, are similar to M-PMV while J-96 virus is related, but not identical, to M PMV. It is also shown that competition RIA can be used successfully to detect the presence of viral proteins in tissue homogenates and cell extracts. PMID- 49329 TI - On axoplasmic flow. PMID- 49330 TI - [Diagnostic methods in cardiologic intensive care]. PMID- 49331 TI - Demonstration of acid mucopolysaccharides in the trabecular meshwork of the Rhesus monkey. AB - The ability to demonstrate AMPS in the trabecular region in the normal eye of the Rhesus monkey was shown to be critically dependent upon technical variation. Staining the fixed specimen prior to dehydration and embedding permits the uniform demonstration of AMPS in the trabecular region of the Rhesus monkey and shows it to be hyaluronidase-sensitive. Electron microscopy using the modified technique shows the reaction products to be present within the trabecular band, the intertrabecular spaces, and the canal of Schlemm. More impressive distribution was seen in the basement membrane of trabecular endothelium intimately related to the cell wall and in the ground substance and basement membrane of the endothelium of the inner wall of the canal Schlemm. The technique is also successful in the human eye and suggests a greater abundance of trabecular AMPS in open-angle glaucoma. PMID- 49332 TI - Early cytologic changes of Fraser cataract. An electron microscopic study. AB - The cataractous lens of the Fraser strain mouse was studied electron microscopically in its early developmental stage. Cytologic abnormalities were found in the cells of the invaginating ectodermal cell of the early optic cup. Morphogenetically degenerating cells were more numerous in this stage. In general, cells of the posterior layer of the developing lens elongated normally. However, they contained great numbers of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles, and mitochondria, but less amounts of crystalline substance and polysomes. During the further differentiating stage (thirteenth and fourteenth fetal day), apical portions of these cells began to swell and the lens became opaque. The swollen lens cells degenerated after this stage. PMID- 49333 TI - Immunologic evaluation of human renal cell carcinoma. In vitro studies. AB - Attempt were made to initiate cell lines from 11 specimens obtained from nine patients with renal cell carcinoma. Primary cultures were obtained in seven instances with only five long term cells lines. Two of these cell lines were obtained from metastatic tumors in two patients. Using microcytotoxicity assay, both autochthonous and allogeneic lymphocytotoxicity, specific to renal cell tumor, was demonstrated. This would suggest a common cross-reacting tumor associated antigen. No lymphocytotoxicity could be demonstrated using autochthonous lymphocytes aganist two metastatic tumor target cell lines. This would suggest some antigenic differences between primary tumor and its metastases. In seven instances significant complement-dependent cytotoxicity was demonstrated using six different renal cell carcinoma target cell lines. Serums from three patients with renal cell carcinoma, one without any recurrent tumor and two with metastases, appear to significantly block the autochthonous and allogeneic lymphocyte cytotoxicity. PMID- 49334 TI - The development of children of psychotic parents reared away from home. PMID- 49335 TI - The use of glyoxylic acid for the fluorescence histochemical demonstration of peripheral stores of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine in whole mounts. AB - The reactions of glyoxylic acid with peripheral stores of noradrenaline and 5 hydroxytryptamine to provide a fluorescence histochemical method for their localization have been investigated. Incubation in glyoxylic acid, followed by drying and heating of whole mount preparations gives an intense and well localized reaction. For incubation, a concentration of 2% glyoxylic acid, buffered to pH 7 at room temperature for 30 minutes gives ideal results. The method is equally good if the pH is varied in the range 6 to 9 or if the tissue is stored in the incubation mixture for up to 6 hours. Ideal development of the fluorophore requires an initial excess of moisture in the tissue, that this moisture is driven off during development, and that the tissue is protected from further moistening. A suitable method of achieving these ends is to heat partially dried tissue at 100 degrees C for 4 minutes and then cover it with paraffin oil. 5-hydroxytryptamine can be readily distinguished from noradrenaline because it forms a fluorophore after reaction at pH 3.5, whereas noradrenaline does not. Both amines can be visualized after incubation at neutral pH. Comparison with the formaldehyde vapour technique reveals three main advantages (and no disadvantages) of the glyoxylic acid method: (1) it gives a finer localization with higher fluorescence yield, (2) the glyoxylic acid method is less susceptible to variations in procedure and, (3) it is both simpler and quicker to apply. PMID- 49336 TI - The histochemistry and structure of tentacle cartilage tissues in the marine polychaete, Sabella melanostigma. AB - The cartilages (or "chondroid" tissue) in tentacles of the polychaete annelid, Sabella melanostigma, have been examined by electron microscopy and a series of histochemical techniques for the demonstration of mucopolysaccharides and protein end-groups. The ultrastructural studies indicated that the cartilages possess an investing layer of dense connective tissue which differs significanly from the matrix material secreted between the chondrocytes. The cartilage matrix was positive for acidic mucins with levels of sulfation above those of mammalian chondroitins A and C. This matrix as well as the investing connective tissue were intensely PAS-positive. Sabella cartilage was also stained intensely by methods for demonstrating tryptophan, tyrosine, side-chain carboxyl groups, disulfide groups, and amino groups. It was not stained by the procedure for sulfhydryl groups. Some evolutionary aspects of cartilage and chondroid tissues were discussed. PMID- 49337 TI - A study of DNA depolymerisation during Feulgen acid hydrolysis. AB - The binding of Schiff dye molecules after acid hydrolysis (1 M HCl) for varying lengths of time was studied in ascites tumour cells. The amount of dye bound to the tumour cells closely followed the number of aldehyde groups, calculated from the extraction of radioactive nucleotides. This constant dye to aldehyde ratio did not change when the hydrolysis was performed at a lower acid concentration (0.3 M HCl). The conclusion drawn is that Feulgen dye measurements represent, in a constant way, the number of aldehydes on DNA at any given time during hydrolysis. The alteration of the hydrolysis pattern of chromatin fixed in formalin was found to be due to a slower extraction of DNA depolymerisation products, the purine liberation being unaffected. A similar explanation is offered for the extreme pattern obtained from hydrolysis of bull spermatozoa chromatin. PMID- 49338 TI - [Critical study of extra-lysosomal acid phosphatase localizations in thyroid follicular cells by the Gomori reaction (author's transl)]. AB - With the Gomori technique, lead precipitates have been found in thyroid follicle cells in unusual localizations such as apical hyaloplasm and microvilli; it has been established that they were actually significant for acid phosphatase activity: constant results in spite of repeated controls and several variations from the original cytochemical technique, allow to think that lead precipitates were not merely artefactual, but actually significant of enzymatic activity. However it is pointed to the fact that the origin of the enzyme has to be questioned; it is assumed that most likely acid phosphatase has diffused from its original lysosomal site. Such diffusion implies variations of the selective permeability of lysosomal membranes; inappropriate relation between the quantity of enzyme present in these organelles and the quantity of substrate used might also be considered, though changes in the amount (resp. concentration) of substrate remained ineffective and induced no modification in the localization of observed enzymatic activity. In addition, one point of interest is an obvious relation between the observed enzyme diffusion and the state of activity resp. rest of the cell; in the present state of investigations, this remains unexplained and likely related to factors escaping control during processing; moreover, no explanation can be provided for the fact that it revealed impossible to avoid such diffusion even by means of variations of the numerous parameters involved in the Gomori technique. So that it finally appears necessary to remain on a critical position regarding the results at the ultrastructural level of this standardized technique, and there is no doubt it would reveal useful that several assumptions in the literature about extra lysosomal acid phosphatase activity should be reinvestigated with a similar critical purpose. PMID- 49339 TI - Cytochemistry and distribution of polysaccharides in an electroreceptor: the tuberous organ of Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyrids). AB - The polysaccharides were studied in an electroreceptor organ, the tuberous organ of Gnathonemus petersii (Mormyridae). Histochemical methods (P.A.S., alcian blue, toluidine blue and iron colloidal reactions) allowed us to demonstrate the existence of glycogen in the sensory cytoplasm, and P.A.S. positive polysaccharides in the sensory cavity. The polysaccharides were shown to be amylase proof; they display an acidity due to the existence of sulphated radicals. The histochemical study was completed by a cytochemical analysis: a treatment with thiocarbohydrazide (TCH) according to the Thiery's method. This method allowed us to estimate the glycogen concentration, its localization, and relationship with cellular organites within the sensory cytoplasm, as well as to differentiate the highly glycogenous type II cells of the platform from the other accessory cells (Derbin and Szabo, 1968). After a treatment for 20 hours with TCH, silver stained grains were visible on the polysaccharide filaments of the sensory chamber, between the microvilli and the vacuoles of the epidermal cells lining to the sensory cavity. Silver grains coated the outer surface of the microvilli. Such polysaccharides were not identical to the filamentous polysaccharides of the cavity. In order to determine the cytochemical localization of the polysaccharide acid groups, sections were stained with iron salts. The colloidal iron constitutes a deposit opaque to electrons and located both on the filamentous polysaccharides of the sensory cavity and in the vacuoles of the epidermal cells, indicating that only these filamentous polysaccharides display acid radicals. PMID- 49340 TI - Fluorescent demonstration of basement membranes with hydroxy-naphthoic acid hydrazide. AB - The hydroxy-naphthoic acid hydrazide (HNAH) procedure can be employed not only for selective fluorochroming of side chain carboxyl groups of proteins, but also for demonstration of certain exoplasmic structures---particularly basement membranes. The demonstration of basement membranes by the HNAH procedure is likely related to the relatively high levels of available side chain carboxyl groups in the noncollagen glycoproteins of basement membranes. PMID- 49341 TI - Myoid fibrils in epithelial cells: studies of intestine, biliary and pancreatic pathways, trachea, bronchi, and testis. AB - Cytoplasmic filaments have been studied extensively by electron microscopy, but the histochemical nature of such fibrils in non-keratinizing epithelia has not been systematically investigated. During studies of early arterial lesions we observed structures with the staining properties of myosins in epithelial cells of various organs. The configurational staining, polarization and fluorescence microscopic properties of these myoid structures were compared with those of myofibrils in smooth muscle and classical myoepithelial cells. The following structures showed the characteristics of myofibrils: the terminal web in columnar epithelial cells of intestine, trachea, bronchi, bile ducts, pancreatic ducts and ductus epididymidis, the pericanalicular layer of bile and pancreatic canaliculi, fibers in the caudal tube of spermatids and the flagella of spermatozoa. Cilia, e.g. of respiratory epithelium, tonofibrils in squamous epithelium and nerve axons did not react. These studies indicate significant histochemical differences between cytoplasmic filaments. Different types of intracellular fibrils can be found in the same cell, e.g. in respiratory epithelium. PMID- 49342 TI - The use of glycol methacrylate embedding for studies of chromatin distribution and fine structure in salmon spermatid nuclei. AB - Glycol methacrylate has been used as an embedding medium for studies of spermiogenesis in the salmon. DNA and basic proteins are shown to stain with the same specificity in thick (0.5-1.0 mu) sections of GMA-embedded salmon testes as in sections of comparably fixed, paraffin-embedded testes. Stain can be localized far more precisely in GMA sections than in paraffin sections due to the thinness of the sections and to the excellent structural preservation of nuclei. In addition, ultra-thin sections of GMA-embedded salmon testes can be observed with the electron microscope, and this permits exact correlation between nuclear fine structure and chemical composition in consecutive sections of the same nuclei. PMID- 49343 TI - Purification of mouse alpha1-fetoprotein and preparation of specific peroxidase conjugates for its cellular localization. AB - Mouse alpha1-fetoprotein (AFP) was isolated from amniotic fluid by immunoadsorbent columns and preparative electrophoresis. Specific antibodies were isolated from monospecific hyperimmunsera by use of immunoadsorbents, and subsequently coupled with horseradish peroxidase. At the light microscopical level, purified antibody-peroxidase conjugates were used for the cellular localization of AFP in fetal liver by direct and indirect staining methods. Fixatives containing ethanol or aldehydes were tried for antigen staining. Prior to immunocytological reactions, endogenous peroxidases were inhibited by hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 49344 TI - Cytochemistry and morphology of synaptic structures in the cerebral cortex of rat. AB - Studies have been carried out on the synapses in the cerebral cortex of rat by using impregnation with ethanolic solution of phosphotungstic acid, contrast staining with ruthenium red and impregnation with bismuth iodide, with or without subsequent uranyl acetate and lead citrate staining. It has been established that dense projections are adequately visualized with methods demonstrating basic chemical groups (phosphotungstic acid and bismuth iodide), whereas the synaptic vesicles are stained by techniques demonstrating acid chemical groups (ruthenium red and uranyl acetate and lead citrate). On the basis of these observations a hypothesis is forwarded concerning the mechanisms of migration of synaptic vesicles towards the presynaptic membrane. Measurements of the parameters of the dense projections suggest that the configuration of the presynaptic vesicular grid is not uniform along the presynaptic areas. PMID- 49345 TI - Benzene hexachloride poisoning in cattle. AB - Of 174 cattle dipped in an emulsified preparation of benzene hexachloride labeled for plant use, 18 were fatally poisoned. The preparation contained 0.14% active ingredient, gamma isomer of benzene hexachloride (BHC), a normally safe concentration for cattle. Analyses revealed 0.08% gamma BHC in the used dip and 0.5, 7.9, and 198 ppm in liver, kidney, and hairskin specimens, respectively, from a fatally affected cow. Microscopic examination of the freshly prepared dip demonstrated emulsion droplets ranging from 5 to 60 mu in diameter. PMID- 49346 TI - A study of the distribution of chromaffin-positive (CH+) and small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells in sympathetic ganglia of the rat at various ages. AB - Small intensely fluorescent (SIF) and chromaffin-positive (CH+) cells were independently investigated by formol-induced fluorescence and by chromaffin techniques in the superior cervical, thoracic and coeliac-mesenteric ganglia of neonatal (2--10 days), adolescent (2--4 months) and adult (6--15 months) rats. Identification of CH+ cells was facilitated by glutaraldehyde fixation prior to chromatin. Intraganglionic blood vessels were displaced by antemortem injection of either India ink or the fluorescent dye Thioflavine-S. SIF and CH+ cells were randomly distributed through the ganglia, either singly or in pairs related to principal neurons, or in variably-sized, highly vascularized groups. In chromaffin preparations these groups either consisted entirely of CH+ cells or else they contained a mixture of CH+ and CH- cells. CH+ cells were present in some adolescent and adult ganglia of all types, and in the neonatal coeliac mesenteric ganglion at 10 days. In neonatal material generally, SIF cells were mostly green fluorescent, occurring separately or in homogeneous or mixed groups, but both yellow and green cells occurred in coeliac-mesenteric ganglia at 10 days. All ganglia in adolescent and older animals contained both yellow and green cells. There were more green than yellow cells, and more SIF than CH+ cells in all ganglia studied. PMID- 49347 TI - Tissue residues, performance and ruminal and blood characteristics of steers fed ronnel and activated carbon. PMID- 49348 TI - Collaborative study of a semiautomated method for the analysis of acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon, and potassium warfarin tablets. AB - This collaborative study was undertaken to determine if the anticoagulants acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon, and potassium warfarin could be analyzed by the automated analysis system described in the collaborative study for the analysis of sodium warfarin and dicumarol. Collaborators were supplied with a composited tablet sample of each anticoagulant. Results agreed well with the National Formulary methods for phenprocoumon and potassium warfarin, and an unpublished method for acenocoumarol. For acenocoumarol, coefficients of variation on individual sets of data ranged from 0.30 to 1.94% For phenprocoumon, coefficients of variation ranged from 0.52 to 1.20%. For potassium warfarin, coefficients of variation ranged from 0.54 to 1.79%. The results of this study show that acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon, and potassium warfarin can be analyzed by the official AOAC method for the analysis of sodium warfarin and dicumarol tablets. PMID- 49349 TI - Symptom formation as an expression of disordered information processing in schizophrenic children. AB - The possible mechanisms that underlie symptom formation in childhood schizophrenia are discussed. A body of research evidence has been reviewed in which dissociation in relation to information processing was examined for its possible consequence in the formation and expression of symptomatology. Schizophrenic children have been found to exhibit dissociation of integrative processes among the sense systems at a level which is several years below normal expectation, and they usually fail to improve as age increases. The clinical manifestations of schizophrenia are considered to be the consequence of the conflict, distortion, and deprivation that derive from failure in information processing. These consequences can best be understood within a developmental framework which encompasses the different age-stages of function. This approach to the understanding of symptom formation is discussed in relationship to other evidence which suggests that primary neurological abnormality is present in schizophrenic children. Thus the identification of abnormality of intersensory integrative function may increase our understanding of etiology as well as of the mechanisms of symptom formation in schizophrenic children. PMID- 49351 TI - Radiocopper in L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase isolated from Pseudomonas acidovorans grown in the presence of 64Cu (II). AB - L-Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.11), isolated from L-tryptophan-induced Pseudomonas acidovorans, ATCC 11299b, which has been grown in a medium containing 64Cu(NO3)2, has been shown to contain radiocopper. At several stages of purification of the enzyme samples were taken, and these were subjected to disc acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 10 mM L-tryptophan. After electrophoresis the position of the yellow heme band, corresponding to tryptophan oxygenase, was visually located, and the gels were sliced and counted. A large peak of radioactivity was seen to occur at the location on the gel of tryptophan oxygenase no matter what the stage of purification. Treatment of each sample before electrophoresis for 30 min at 37 degrees with gamma-globulins prepared from rabbits sensitized to homogeneous pseudomonad tryptophan oxygenase greatly reduced this peak of radioactivity, whereas treatment of each sample with rabbit preimmune gamma-globulin did not. This direct demonstration of the presence of coper in pseudomonad tryptophan oxygenase, using 64-Cu, avoided the problems and artifacts inherent in the usual techniques of copper analysis and unequivocally refutes the recent contention of Ishimura and Hayaishi ((1973) J. Biol.Chem. 248, 8610-8612) "that copper is not an essential component of L-tryptophan 2,3 dioxygenase of Pseudomonas." The presence of copper in pseudomonad and rat liver tryptophan oxygenases, previously reported by us (Brady, F. O., Monaco, M. E., Forman, H. J., Schutz, G., and Feigelson, P. (P. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 7915 7922), is reaffirmed by the experiments reported herein. PMID- 49350 TI - Active transport of manganese in isolated membrane vesicles of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Membrane vesicles isolated from cells of bacillus subtilis W23 accumulate manganese in the presence of an energy source. The artificial electron donor system ascorbate and phenazine methosulfate or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and phenazine methosulfate can supply the energy for the uptake. D Lactate in the presence or absence of phenazine methosulfate would not support manganese accumulation. Anaerobiosis, cyanide, m-chlorophenyl carbonylcyanide hydrozone, valinomycin, gramicidin, and p-hydroxy-mercuribenzoate inhibit the uptake. The inhibition by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate is prevented by excess dithiothreitol. Potassium fluoride or sodium arsenate has no effect on the uptake. The manganese transport system in the B. subtilis vesicles exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a Km of 13 muM and a Vmax of 1.7 nmol/min per mg (dry weight) of membranes. The uptake of manganese is specific and is not inhibited by 0.1 mM CaCL2 or Mgcl2. PMID- 49352 TI - Postillumination adenosine triphosphate synthesis in Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores. II. Stimulation by a K+ diffusion potential. AB - Addition of valinomycin, nonactin, or monactin plus KCl in the dark to preilluminated chromatophores induced the synthesis of a large amount of ATP. This stimulation of postillumination ATP synthesis by a dark-imposed K+ diffusion potential was different from the stimulation caused by addition of permeant anions or cations in the light, since it increases when the pH of the light stage decreased from 8.0 to 6.0. It was thus most pronounced when the chromatophores were preloaded with protons but the light-induced proton concentration gradient (deltapH) was low. Imposition of a Kplus diffusion potential resulted however in stimulation of ATP synthesis even when the light-induced deltapH was already above the threshold value required to initiate postillumination ATP synthesis. This situation was realized when valinomycin plus KCl were added in the dark to chromatophores preilluminated above pH 6.7 with thiocyanate as the permeant anion, and the amount of ATP formed was the sum of the yields obtained with each of these affectors by itself. On the other hand addition of thiocyanate together with valinomycin plus KCl in the dark led to inhibition of ATP synthesis. In this case the permeant anion could not affect the light-induced deltapH but it did eliminate the diffusion potential by decreasing the difference between the permeabilities of Kplus and the anion present in the reaction mixture. PMID- 49353 TI - A twenty-one-year review of a case of congenital indifference to pain. AB - A boy aged three with indifference to pain was followed up until his death from amyloid disease some twenty-one years later. A full necropsy was done and the neuropathology suggested a sensory neuropathy. PMID- 49354 TI - Rapid flow cytofluorometric analysis of mammalian cell cycle by propidium iodide staining. AB - A rapid method for the flow microfluorometric determination of the DNA content per cell is described. Incubation of cells in a hypotonic solution of propidium iodide results in disruption of the cell membrane and rapid staining of nuclear chromatin. DNA distribution histograms generated from cells stained by this method are identical to those generated after fixation and RNase digestion. In contrast to some earlier described methods, the present technique is rapid (5 min of processing), requires a minimal amount of material, and avoids formation of cell clumps. PMID- 49356 TI - The binding of cationized ferritin at the surfaces of ehrlich ascites tumor cells: the effect of pH and glutaraldehyde fixation. AB - The densities of cationized ferritin (CF) particles binding to the surfaces of cultured Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were determined at pH 7.4, where the ferritin stain was applied either prior to or following glutaraldehyde fixation. The densities were also determined with CF adjusted to pH 1.9 and applied after fixation. For all fixed samples there was a higher density of particles bound to microvilli than to the spaces between them. Treatment with neuraminidase removed more particles from microvilli than from the inter-microvillus spaces, but did not reduce the levels of binding to the same value. When cationized ferritin is applied prior to fixation, an aggregation of the CF particles at the cell surface was observed, with the internalization of some clusters. This effect was independent of neuraminidase treatment. PMID- 49355 TI - The slow component of axonal transport. Identification of major structural polypeptides of the axon and their generality among mammalian neurons. AB - This study of the slow component of axonal transport was aimed at two problems: the specific identification of polypeptides transported into the axon from the cell body, and the identification of structural polypeptides of the axoplasm. The axonal transport paradigm was used to obtain radioactively labeled axonal polypeptides in the rat ventral motor neuron and the cat spinal ganglion sensory neuron. Comparison of the slow component polypeptides from these two sources using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide electrophoresis revealed that they are identical. In both cases five polypeptides account for more than 75% of the total radioactivity present in the slow component. Two of these polypeptides have been tentatively identified as tubulin, the microtubule protein, on the basis of their molecular weights. The three remaining polypeptides with molecular weights of 212,000, 160,000, and 68,000 daltons are constitutive, and as such appear to be associated with a single structure which has been tentatively identified as the 10-nm neurofilament. The 212,000-dalton polypeptide was found to comigrate in SDS gels with the heavy chain of chick muscle myosin. The demonstration on SDS gels that the slow component is composed of a small number of polypeptides which have identical molecular weights in neurons from different mammalian species suggests that these polypeptides comprise fundamental structures of vertebrate neurons. PMID- 49357 TI - Differentiation of erythroleukemic cells in vitro: irreversible induction by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). AB - The inclusion of DMSO in the media of suspension cultures of Friend erythroleukemia cells results in the erythroid differentiation of these cells. The studies reported here were directed towards answering two questions. (1) How long an exposure to DMSO is necessary to induce the differentiation of these cells; and (2) What is the fate of the differentiating cells when DMSO is removed from the medium. Exposure to DMSO for less than 24 hours failed to produce any detectable evidence of erythroid differentiation. On the other hand, culture in the presence of DMSO for 24 hours followed by culture in DMSO-free medium for four additional days produced a small but detectable increment in the proportion of benzidine positive cells in the culture. Once the differentiation of an individual cell was initiated, the process continued after removal of DMSO from the medium. The cell became progressively more differentiated as evidenced by increases in the intensity of benzidine staining as well as the rate of heme synthesis and heme content. However, when cells which had been induced to differentiate by DMSO were cultured in DMSO-free medium for more than 3--4 days, they became vacuolated and apparently died. This latter phenomenon, as well as the more rapid proliferation of the undifferentiated cells in the culture, accounts for the observation that when new cultures are established from cultures which have been grown in the presence of DMSO for several days, the culture which results ultimately contains only differentiated cells. PMID- 49358 TI - The pattern of microtubules in the axonemes of Gymnosphaera albida sassaki: evidence for 13 protofilaments. AB - The axonemes of Gymnosphaera albida radiate from a central axoplast. Their proximal ends form a shell around the axoplast. Within the shell each axoneme is enveloped by a fibrillar sheath and the microtubules are interconnected by electron-dense linkages, which sometimes appear to be double. In nearly transverse sections the microtubules and their linkages form hexagons of 2 irregular types arranged in alternating rows. The shapes of the hexagons vary from one axoneme to the next. The variation is caused largely by the inclination of the axonemes to the line of sight, but also by distortion occurring during the preparation, observation and photography of the sections. Calculations show that, of a number of likely basic patterns (as would be seen in strictly transverse section), only one is compatible with measurements made on 9 of the axonemes. This involves only one type of hexagon oriented in 2 directions to form a 'parquet-floor' pattern. The hexagon is bilaterally symmetrical and its 6 microtubules all have the same set of angles between their linkages, namely an unpaired angle of 138 degrees 28' and paired angles of 110 degrees 46'. Because these angles are in the ratio of 5:4:4, it is deduced that the microtubules have 13 protofilaments forming their walls. Morphogenetically the lateral growth of the pattern is governed by 2 rules: (1) there must be one, and only one, direction of 2-step zig-zagging of the linkages, and (2) linkages forming opposite sides of a hexagon must be in parallel. PMID- 49359 TI - The Giemsa-staining centromeres of Nigella damascena. AB - The centromere regions of each chromosome in the complement of Nigella damascena (2n equals 2x equals 12) stain differentially with Giemsa at interphase and throughout all the principal stages of mitosis and meiosis. Each centromere is seen to consist of a pair of sister half-centromeres which appear as 2 differentially stained dots. The appearance and behaviour of these dots indicates that they are kinetochores. The technique used does not stain centromeres in other plant species investigated, a fact which shows that the centromeres of Nigella are in some way different. The implications of this observation in relation to centromere polymorphism are discussed. PMID- 49360 TI - Malachite green--a new staining reagent for prostaglandins. PMID- 49361 TI - Application of a histochemical reaction to the thin-layer chromatography of steroids. PMID- 49362 TI - Analysis of insecticide synergists. AB - The utility of a variety of chromatographic procedures (GLC, TLC, and GLC/MS) has been described for the determination of a variety of methylene dioxyphenyl insecticide synergists. Particular focus was placed on chromatographic aspects of the principal synergist, piperonyl butoxide, in relation to its trace impurities, determination in formulations, metabolism, residues, and stability. PMID- 49363 TI - Preparation of 125-I-labeled human thyroxine-binding alpha globulin and its turnover in normal and hypothyroid subjects. AB - A protein with the electrophoretic, immunologic, and hormone-binding properties of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) has been prepared from human plasma and labeled with radioiodine (125-I) by an enzymatic method of iodination. The [125 I]TBG retained the electrophoretic and immunologic characteristics of unlabeled TBG but exhibited a partial loss of thyroxine-binding activity, as assessed by affinity chromatography. The in vivo behavior of [125I]TBG was studied in six euthyroid subjects (controls) with normal serum levels of TBG as measured both by radioimmunoassay and by determination of maximal T4-binding capacity and in four male patients with untreated primary hyperthyroidism, three of whom had elevated serum TBG. The half-time of the final slope of the plasma disappearance curve averaged 5.0 days plus or minus 1.2 (SD) in the controls and ranged from 3.9 to 109 days in the hypothyroid patients. The distribution volume was similar in the two groups, 6.7 plus or minus 1.3 vs. 7.1 plus or minus 2.1 liters. The catabolic clearance rate averaged 0.99 plus or minus 0.33 liters plasma/24 h in the controls and 0.92 plus or minus 0.46 in the hypothyroids. The absolute turnover rate of TBG, calculated from the catabolic clearance rate multiplied by the serum concentration of radioimmunoassayable TBG, averaged 17.8 plus or minus 2.1 mg/day in the controls and ranged from 14.8 to 33.2 mg/day in the hypothyroids. Among the entire group of subjects there was no correlation between the serum TBG concentration and the absolute turnover rate of TBG. PMID- 49364 TI - Influence of the method of sensitization on some features of anaphylaxis in calves. PMID- 49365 TI - Distribution of labeled antibiotics in different components of milk following intramammary and intramuscular administrations. AB - In crossover trials, four lactating goats were given intramammary infusions and intramuscular injections of radioactivelabeled benzylpenicillin, spiramycin, chloramphenicol, dihydrostreptomycin, and tetracycline. Milk was collected after each treatment and the antibiotic contents in whole milk, skim milk, and whey were determined microbiologically and radiochemically and in cream and casein by radiochemical assay methods. Uptake of antibiotics by cream and casein was highly dependent on drug concentration, increasing with the decrease in antibiotic content in whole milk. Lipophilic chloramphenicol and tetracycline were concentrated in cream to a higher degree than the less lipophilic benzylpenicillin and dihydrostreptomycin. Antibiotic uptake by cream separated from whole milk after intramuscular injection was higher than after intramammary infusion. Antibiotic uptake by casein was independent of the route of administration and was highest for dihydrostreptomycin and tetracycline and lowest for benzylpenicillin. PMID- 49366 TI - Herpes simplex virus type 1 replication in a gingival cell line. AB - Propagation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in gingival cells is advantageous since these cells are more definitive than HeLa cells in demonstrating viral-induced cytopathic effects and are easily and economically maintained in the laboratory. They also provide a potential medium for studying oral tissue reactions to HSV-1 infection. HSV-1-induced cytopathic effects are clearly characterized following inoculation with virus from standard laboratory cultures and human infections. PMID- 49367 TI - Staining reaction of dental plaque after various extraction procedures. AB - After water and dilute alkali extraction, a sample of dental plaque that was stained by the PA-CrA-silver technique showed staining intracellularly on the cell wall and extracellularly. When more prolonged and stronger alkali extraction was used, reacting material was retained on the cell wall and intracellualarly. There was a noticeable loss of extracellular reacting material. PMID- 49368 TI - Autotransplants and allotransplants of teeth in the subcutaneous tissue of rabbits: a histological study. PMID- 49369 TI - Effect of infusing selected chemical compounds on dentinal fluid movement in the rat. AB - Intra-arterial infusion of carbamyl phosphate or of carbamyl-DL-aspartic acid into rats on a cariogenic diet greatly stimulated the movement of fluid through the odontoblastic processes. The infusion of sodium cyanate also stimulated fluid movement. Guanidine HCL and L-asparagine were active at higher concentrations. Purifying the urea on a mixed-bed ion exchange resin virtually removed its stimulatory effect on dentinal fluid movement. The action of urea is apparently attributable to contamination with sodium cyanate. PMID- 49370 TI - Chlorpyrifos-methyl insecticide residues: their analysis and persistence in coastal bermudagrass and forage corn. PMID- 49371 TI - Crystal and molecular structure of organophosphorus insecticides. I. ronnel. PMID- 49372 TI - Method to determin ronnel and its oxygen analog in eggs. PMID- 49373 TI - Conformational analysis of peptides in oriented polyoxyethylene by infrared dichroism. PMID- 49374 TI - Which is first: the slides or the lecture? PMID- 49375 TI - Changes with age in protein-bound iodine (PBI) and body temperature in the mouse. AB - Protein-bound iodine (PBI), body temperature, and the response of the thyroid gland to different doses of thyrotropin (TSH) were examined in males of two inbred strains of mice at different ages. Results indicate persistent decline in PBI with advancing age that is significantly greater in DBA/2J than C57BL/6J mice. The magnitude of the PBI response to TSH diminishes in both strains with advancing age but is significantly greater in strain DBA/2J than C57BL/6J. Body temperature was found to decline with advancing age and was highly correlated with thyroid function. Although additional research is needed, a tentative conclusion is that advancing age imparts a diminished response of the thyroid gland to endogenous thyrotropin. This is the first report of age-related changes and particularly correlation between PBI and body temperature in genetically controlled mouse strains. The indications are that such thyroid-temperature relationships are genotype dependent. PMID- 49376 TI - The specificity of a solid phase radioimmunoassay for human immunoglobulins. AB - The specificity of a solid phase radioimmunoassay for immunoglobulin antigens, human Fab-mu in the case illustrated, has been assessed. The anti-Fab-mu serum available reacted well on gel diffusion with all Fab-mu- and light chain containing proteins. In contrast the radioimmunoassay, in which unlabelled test antigen competes with radiolabelled Fab-mu for anti-Fab-mu coupled to Sephadex beads, was sensitive only to proteins containing entire Fab-mu regions. A double antibody radioimmunoassay showed comparable or greater sensitivity for Fab-mu containing proteins, but was much less specific. By using Fab-gamma as the labeled antigen, with only light chain determinants reacting with the anti-Fab mu, the solid phase assay was rendered polyspecific in being sensitive to all proteins containing light chain. Reasons for the specificity of the solid phase assay are discussed: steric factors can be expected in some cases to permit strong binding of antigen by multiple bonds, in others to restrict the number of molecular determinants simultaneously available to antibody. PMID- 49377 TI - Divergent results in radial immunodiffusion with antisera differing in precipitation properties with respect to individual immunoglobulin subclass. II. The antiserum factor. AB - Differences in the antibody composition of antisera influence results obtained by radial immunodiffusion. If more than one subclass of the same immunoglobulin class is present in an antigen mixture, the occurrence of one or more subclass specific antibody species in antisera used for radial immunodiffusion leads to the production of precipitation rings smaller than rings produced by comparable antisera without subclass activity. The presence of antibodies against common immunoglobulin determinants only leads to production of larger precipitation areas. If one or more subclass specific antibody species are present in the antiserum this may further lead to production of double precipitation rings in radial immunodiffusion, depending on the subclass ratio in the antigen mixture. The production of antisera suitable for radial immunodiffusion is discussed. PMID- 49378 TI - Serodiagnostic application of immunohistoperoxidase reactions on antigen-coupled agarose beads. AB - Agarose beads to which antigens were covalently bound were subjected to indirect immunohistoperoxidase procedures. For detection and titration of serum antibodies against bovine gamma globulin (BGG) this method appeared to be specific and sensitive. One advantage is that no special instruments are needed. As an example of diagnostic applicability the system was successfully used for demonstration of antibodies in human serum containing antibodies against the trematode Schistosoma mansoni. At the microscopical level the technique is suitable for study of basic problems. Microspectrophotometric absorbance scanning of the beads revealed that the method can provide quantitative information, and is probably capable of quantifying stoichiometric relations in immunological reactions. PMID- 49379 TI - A radioimmunoassay of cellular surface antigens on living cells using iodinated soluble protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Soluble protein A from Staphylococcus aureus does carry great promise as a marker for cellular surface determinants, due to its specific reaction with, and high affinity for, most subclasses of mammalian IgG. In this article we present the different parameters involved in a radioimmunoassay using 125-I-labelled protein A. Using such an approach the actual technical procedures involved are reported in detail together with tests for mammalian alloantigens, including HL-A in the human, H-2 in the mouse and AgB antigenic sites in the rat, as this presents an unique opportunity to compare them with already widely used assays for transplantation antigens. The different parameters of the assay are analysed in view of measuring with precision quantities of cell-surface IgG molecules, thereby allowing possible determinations of antigenic site numbers in a new and simplified manner. PMID- 49380 TI - Herman Beerman lecture. The participation of cells in the inflammatory injury of tissue. PMID- 49381 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in systemic lupus erythematosus: alterations with advancing age. AB - Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was tested in young patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (mean age 30.9 years), in elderly patients with SLE (mean age 70.8 years), and in young and elderly control subjects. Pre-existing CMI as evaluated by skin test response to PPD and mumps antigens and the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes in culture to the mitogen phytohemagglutinin was not significantly different in thefour groups. However, the mean area of induration to Candida antigen was significantly less in both groups of elderly patients, suggesting a diminution of CMI with advancing age. Elderly control subjects and elderly patients with SLE had a significant decrease in incidence and severity of skin-test response when sensitized with 2-4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), suggesting that the capacity to respond to a new antigen is impaired in the elderly, with and without SLE. Young SLE patients were easily sensitized to DNCB and developed strong skin-test responses to Candida antigen suggesting normal CMI in the young SLE group. SLE is a milder disease in the elderly. If, as seems likely, cell-mediated immune injury is of importance in the pathogenesis of SLE, then these data are consistent with the possibility that an altered state of CMI in the elderly modifies the clinical expression of SLE. PMID- 49382 TI - Hyperlipidemia in coronary heart disease: a biochemical genetic approach. PMID- 49383 TI - Morphological responses of benign human prostatic hypertrophic tissue to chemotherapeutic agents in an in vitro culture system. AB - The in vitro maintenance of hypertrophic tissue with fluid containing cytotoxic drugs showed more degenerative changes in prostatic epithelium and stroma of the tissue compared with concurrently cultured aliquots of control tissue. It is suggested that theses morphological changes can be related with functional activity of the tissue. The mechanism of such an action is at present unsettled, but an interference on known enzymatic systems regulating prostatic growth seems likely. This system provides an added technique for the evaluation of drugs considered for possible therapeutic testing in human prostatic cancer states. PMID- 49384 TI - Serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine in endemic goitre. PMID- 49386 TI - Molecular relationship between private and public H-2 antigens as determined by antigen redistribution method. AB - Molecular relationship of public H-2 antigens 1, 5, 6, 8, 11, 13, 25, and 28 to private antigens controlled by K and D regions was studied using the technique of antibody-induced resistance to complement-mediated cytotoxicity. The results indicate physical association in the cell membrane between H-2 antigens 1 and 23 of H-2-a, 8 and 31 of H-2-d, 11 and 17 of H-2-q, 13 and 30 of H-2-q, 25 and 23 of H-2-k, and 28 and 31 of H-2-g. These results are in agreement with genetic mapping placing the determinants of antigens H-2.8, 11 and 25 in the K region , the determinant of antigen H-2.13 in the D region, and the determinants of antigens H-2.1 and 28 in either the K or the D region. In contrast to genetic mapping placing the determinant for antigen H-2.6 in the D region, we found that in the H-2-b haplotype the antigen is associated with K region antigen H-2.33 and H-2.32, and interpreted this result as evidence for two homologous H-2.5 sites controlled by opposite ends of the H-2 complex. Although the data do not prove that public antigens are carried by the same molecules as private ones, they demonstrate a close physical association in the membrane between the two groups of loci, K and D, coding for the first 33 classical H-2 antigens (with the exception of antigen H-2.7), and thus support the two-locus model. The data also support the duplication model of H-2 by demonstrating two homologous H-2.5 sites associated with K and D molecules. PMID- 49385 TI - Induction of T-lymphocyte responses to a small molecular weight antigen. III. T-T cell interactions to determinants linked together: suppression vs. enhancement. AB - The experiments presented in this paper demonstrate the existence of T-T cell interactions in responses to azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-protein conjugates, and also make the point that the spectrum of T-cell regulation from facilitation (i.e., help) at one end to suppression at the other, which has been well documented in T-B cell interactions, is also followed in T-cell regulation of other T lymphocytes. The data extend the activity of ABA-specific suppressor cells, which were shown to specifically suppress the development of delayed hypersensitivity to ABA-T, to T cells responsible for delayed hypersensitivity to protein antigens provided immunization is carried out with ABA conjugates of these antigens. Thus, suppressor T cells acting on the development of delayed hypersensitivity are not limited in their effects to T cells bearing the same specificity but can effectively suppress responses on immunologically unrelated T cells if they are specific for carrier antigens covalently linked to the ABA-T determinant. Moreover, these studies demonstrate that, as is true of T-B cell interactions, the most efficient T-T cell interactions occur to determinants linked together on the same molecule thus supporting the concept that development of effector T-cell function may involve participation of at least two distinct precursor cells, each of which may convey independent determinant specificities and/or genetic control. PMID- 49387 TI - Anti-immunoglobulin-induced histamine secretion by rat peritoneal mast cells studied by immunoferritin electron microscopy. AB - We have used ferritin-conjugated divalent and monovalent anti-Ig antibodies to study simultaneously, histamine secretion and the ultrastructural distribution and redistribution of Ig receptors on rat peritoneal mast cells. We conclude that (a) divalent anti-Ig is required for both receptor redistribution and for calcium-dependent degranulation and histamine release, (b) divalent anti-Ig induces patching and pinocytosis but not capping of Ig molecules, (c) neither capping nor pinocytosis are required for triggering and if clustering is necessary, then less than 10 Ig molecules are required per cluster, and (d) degranulation (and histamine release) is not an all or none response of the mast cell. PMID- 49388 TI - Immunological analysis of plasminogen activators from normal and transformed hamster cells. Evidence that the plasminogen activators produced by SV40 virus transformed hamster embryo cells and normal hamster lung cells are antigenically identical. AB - Rabbits were immunized against the plasminogen activator released by SV4- virus transformed hamster embryo cells. The resulting antiplasminogen activator immunoglobulin (APA-IgG) inhibited the enzymatic activity of the plasminogen activator produced by SV40-transformed hamster cells, and the plasmin-catalyzed release of these cells from the tissue culture dish. APA-IgG was not cytotoxic for these cells even in the presence of complement and did not inhibit their release of plasminogen activator. APA-IgG formed a single precipitin line in immunodiffusion plates using highly purified plasminogen activator as antigen. APA-IgG inhibited the plasminogen activator produced by newborn hamster lung cells and by an established diploid line (DON) of hamster lung cells, but did not inhibit plasminogen activators produced by normal or transformed hamster kidney cells or by cells of other species (mouse and human). We derive three major conclusions from these data: (a) There are several immunologically distinguishable forms (isozymes) of plasminogen activators in normal hamster tissues. (b) The plasminogen activators produced by normal hamster lung cells and by SV40 virus-transformed hamster embryo cells share antigenic determinants and are presumably the same isozyme. (c) The plasminogen activators produced by different hamster tumor cells do not share antigenic determinants and are presumably different isozymes. PMID- 49389 TI - Binding properties of immunoglobulin combining sites specific for terminal or nonterminal antigenic determinants in dextran. AB - Binding constants of the dextran-reactive BALB/c mouse IgA myeloma proteins W3129 and QUPC 52 have been determined for each member of the isomaltose series of oligosaccharides and for methyl alphaDglucoside. Protein W3129 has maximum complementarity for isomaltopentaose (IM5) deltaf degrees = 7,180 cal/mol) with 55-60% of the total binding energy directed against methylalphaDglucoside. Protein QUPC 52 gives maximum binding with isomaltohexaose (IM6) (deltaF degrees = -5,340 cal/mol) and has about 70% of its total binding energy for isomaltotriose (IM3), but at most only 5% for isomaltose (IM2) or methyl alphaDglucoside. Protein W3129 precipitates with branched dextrans high in alpha (1 yields 6) linkages and reacts with but does not precipitate a synthetic alpha (1 yields 6)-linked linear dextran. Protein QUPC 52 precipitates both branched and linear dextrans. Thus, the immunodominant group for protein W3129 is mimicked by methyl alphaDglucoside and this protein reacts exclusively at the terminal nonreducing ends of alpha (1 yields 6)-linked dextran chains. Protein QUPC 52 has an immunodominant group which is expressed by IM3 but not smaller oligosaccharides and this protein can react at nonterminal locations along alpha (1 yields 6)-linked dextran chains. Precipitation of linear dextran seems to be a valid although not quantitative assay for antidextrans with nonterminal specificity. Quantitative precipitin reactions with branched and linear dextrans suggest that alpha (1 yields 6)-specific human antidextrans are mixtures of molecules having terminal and nonterminal specificities and that the fraction of each type can vary among individuals. Rabbit antisera against IM3 or IM6 coupled to bovine serum albumin also appear to contain antibodies with nonterminal specificity for dextran chains although a large fraction has terminal specificity. Low molecular weight clinical dextran N-150N (congruent to 60,000) reacted more like linear dextran than like its parent native-branched dextran B512. This is thought to result from an abundance of nonterminal determinants in clinical dextran N-150N but a very small number of functional terminal determinants per molecule. An appreciation of terminal and nonterminal specificities and of the different immunodominant structures in isomaltosyl chains has proven to be of a great value in understanding the immunochemical reactions of dextrans. Moreover, certain previous findings with fructosan reactive mouse myeloma proteins and human antilevans (55, 84) also suggest terminal and nonterminal specificities for levan chains. PMID- 49391 TI - Absence of maternal proteins in 5-7 day blastocyst fluid indicates limited protein passage before implantation. PMID- 49390 TI - RNA-instructed DNA polymerase activity in a cytoplasmic particulate fraction in brains from Guamanian patients. AB - Nervous system tissues from a number of patients with idiopathic neurological disorders were examined for biochemical evidence of RNA tumor virus infection. RNase-sensitive DNA polymerase activity was found in a cytoplasmic particulate fraction from two patients with Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but not in brains from two normal U.S. individuals. The buoyant density of the enzyme-containing fraction was 1.16-1.18 g/ml and could be converted to a denser region of the gradient (1.24 g/ml) by treatment with the nonionic surfactant, Sterox. The cation and detergent requirements for the endogenous RNase-sensitive DNA polymerase reaction were determined. The early (5 min) endogenous reverse transcriptase product was analyzed by cesium sulfate gradient centrifugation. RNase- and heat-sensitive RNA-DNA hybrids were detected in the product analysis of two ALS, one Parkinsonism-dementia (PD) brain, and two brains from asymptomatic Chamorros but not in brains from normal U.S. individuals and a number of patients with neuro-psychiatric disorders. The DNA product was a 4.5S heteropolymer that hybridized more extensively to RNA extracted from the enzyme containing pellet from PD brain as compared to a similar fraction from normal U.S. brain. The DNA product appeared to be unrelated to Rausvher or visna virus 70S RNA as determined by RNA-[-3H]DNA hybridization. PMID- 49392 TI - Taxonomic distribution of the antigen eliciting bactericidal antibody for Bordetella pertussis. AB - Strains of Bordetella pertussis varied in their ability to elicit (in mice) an antibody bactericidal for an antiserum-sensitive strain of B. pertussis, although antibody was usually detectable after only one injection. High titres were produced by a course of seven injections with all strains of B. pertussis tested (six of phase I and three of phase IV) but not with three strains of other Bordetella species nor with two unrelated organisms, a finding of possible taxonomic value. Preliminary investigations have not revealed whether strain vaiations are due to quantitative or qualitative differences in either the bacterial lipopolysaccharide or the carrier protein necessary for antibody production, or whether they may be due to differences in heat lability of 'bactericidal antigen'. PMID- 49393 TI - Attenuation and immunogenicity of ts mutants of Eastern encephalitis virus for mice. AB - Preliminary experiments were intiated to test the attenuation for mice of chemically induced temperature-sensitive (Ets) mutants of a virulents strain of Eastern encephalitis (E) virus, and the potential of such mutants as live virus vaccines for mice. The reversion frequencies of eight mutants to temperature insensitivity were measured and the defects in their biosynthesis at the non permissive temperature were studied. All eight mutants were less virulent for mice, but the extent of avirulence varied with the mutant and route of injection. The mutants selected as potential vaccines protected mice against subsequent challenge at 10 to 21 days by the virulent virus of strain E. Neutralizing antibody activity was detected in almost all the mutant-infected mice after 10 days, and was found in all infected mice at 21 days. Immunization by two doses of virus induced a very high protection against intracerebral challenge by virus strain E. PMID- 49394 TI - Poliovirus temperature-sensitivie mutants defective in cytopathic effects are also defective in synthesis of double-stranded RNA. AB - The proportion of cells absorbing trypan blue (tb-+ character) can be used to measure the late c.p.e. of wild-type poliovirus (ts-+. tb-+), which was the same at restrictive (39-2 to 39-6 degrees C) or permissive (37 degrees C) temperatures. Of twenty ts mutants, seven showed normal c.p.e. at 37 degrees C but were defective in C.P.E. (TB) AT 39-5 degrees C; all seven tb mutants have previously been shown (Cooper et al. 1971) to give evidence of a primary defect in replicase 1 activity (to make the complementary or minus strand of virus RNA). The remainder (tb-+) have all previously been shown to give evidence of a primary defect either in replicase II activity (to make progeny plus strands) or in structural protein. Thus, the late c.p.e. is dependent on a product of the replicase I gene, of which the in vivo effector is probably double-stranded RNA. Late c.p.e. is not caused by prevention of host protein, RNA or DNA synthesis and is not necessarily correlated with lysosomal enzyme release. The tb mutants were also defective in inducing early changes in chromatin (chr) and in prevention of thymidine incorporation (pti), but the tb and pti/chr characters are probably independent expressions of replicase I activity. Virus growth does not depend on repression of DNA synthesis. Poliovirus represses the activities of host DNA dependent RNA polymerase I and II to an equal extent. There is no evidence that repression of DNA or RNA synthesis results from direct interaction of virus protein with the DNA. PMID- 49395 TI - Host components in hepatitis B antigen. AB - Purified [125I]-labelled 20 to 25 nm hepatitis B antigen particles were found to give low affinity immunoprecipitation reactions with antisera to several normal serum components, which were immunologically distinct from the reaction due to the classical hepatitis B antigen surface determinant. These additional antigenic determinants were acid-stable and tightly bound to the particles; they could not be released by treatment with Tween 80 or ether, but were removed by protease digestion with the preservation of particle integrity. It was not possible to distinguish whether they were due to the presence of trace amounts of partly denatured serum components, or to a weak cross-reaction with antigens present in normal serum. The implications of this finding for hepatitis B antigen and antibody detection in sensititive assays are discussed. No evidence was found for native antigenic material, present in normal serum or normal liver cells, being integral to the structure of these particles. PMID- 49396 TI - Type C virus production by a continuous line of pig oviduct cells (PFT). AB - Late passages of the PFT porcine oviduct cell line spontaneously release a typical type C virus antigenically related to the type C virus released from the PK(15) porcine kidney cell line. The PFT virus was non-infective for a large variety of cell lines. Type C virus can also be induced by BrdU treatment from earlier passages of the PFT cell line. PMID- 49397 TI - No evidence for particles encapsulating RNA-instructed DNA polymerase and high molecular weight virus-related RNA in herpesvirus induced tumours of non-human primates. AB - The simultaneous detection test gave no evidence for the presence of RNA tumour viruses in herpesvirus induced malignant lymphomas of non-human primates. The 12 tumours tested were obtained from three different monkey species inoculated with Herpesvirus saimiri or herpesvirus ateles. Particles encapsulating RNA-instructed DNA polymerase and high mol. wt. virus-related RNA were easily demonstrated in tumours of the mouse induced by type-C or type-B oncornaviruses and in human lymphoid cells infected with simian sarcoma virus type I which were examined in parallel. Attempts to demonstrate partial expression of an oncornavirus genome in the herpesvirus induced tumours and attempts to detect an interspecies antigen related to monkey oncornaviruses were negative and strengthened the observations made with the simultaneous detection test. PMID- 49398 TI - Methylated amino acid residues of proteins of brain and other organs. PMID- 49399 TI - Methylases of myelin basic protein and histone in rat brain. PMID- 49400 TI - The presence of cysteine in frog myelin basic protein. PMID- 49401 TI - Protein patterns of cerebrospinal fluid in hereditary ataxias and hereditary spastic paraplegia. AB - The CSF findings in hereditary ataxias and allief disorders have hitherto mostly been reported as normal if one excludes Refsum's syndrome. The CSF-protein patterns found on isoelectric focusing and quantitative paper electrophoresis were studied in 12 patients with hereditary ataxias and hereditary spastic paraplegia. Using a recently-developed technique of isoelectric focusing of CSF proteins in flat beds of polyacrylamide gel, the authors could show abnormal CSF protein patterns in all but 1 of the present cases. The aberrant CSF-protein patterns found showed differences between the syndromes studied. Two unique patterns with conspicuous fractions in the acid range were observed in patients with Marie-Sanger-Brown's ataxia (mother and daughter) and Holmes' ataxia. A third CSF-protein pattern was found in a sibship with Friedreich's ataxia including a double fraction in the acid region (pI 5.9-6.1) in all 4 subjects and a highly alkaline fraction (HAF) with pI about 9.3, in 3 of them. Similar acid fractions (pI 5.9-6.1) were also detected in 3 of 4 patients with hereditary spastic paraplegia, a brother and sister showing a very similar CSF-protein pattern. Double fractions with pI 5.9-6.1 and/or HAF may also occur in other neurological diseases, mostly, however, associated with other distinctive features of their CSF-protein patterns. A possibility in the future of distinguishing hereditary CNS-diseases by examination of the CSF-protein pattern is suggested. PMID- 49402 TI - The fine structure of hyaline inclusions (pseudopsammoma bodies) in meningiomas. AB - "Hyaline inclusions" of a meningothelial meningioma were examined under the electron microscope. These eosinophilic, PAS-positive proteinaceous structures, which under the light microscope are seen in both extra- and intracellular location, were found by electron microscopy to consist of granular masses surrounded by cell membranes with microvilli. The "intracellular" bodies were also surrounded by similar microvilli in a space within the cells. Such spaces, variously known as intracellular ductules and "neolumen formation", have been previously described in mammary cancer, bronchiolar carcinoma and pleural mesotheliomas, among others, and have been, in the latter instances, regarded as signs of secretory differentiation. Thus, hyaline inclusions of meningiomas are different from truly intracellular hyaline bodies of neoplastic astrocytes (found by Rubinstein and Herman to be bodies within autophagic vacuoles) and may be regarded as a possible factor in ultrastructural differential diagnosis between meningiomas and gliomas. PMID- 49403 TI - Early sterile autopsy in etiological studies on multiple sclerosis. AB - The clinical findings and course in the first 2 cases of multiple sclerosis are described, in whom it was possible to isolate a virus from brain tissue by early sterile autopsy and fusion technique. It is noteworthy that in one of these cases multiple sclerosis probably occurred in female members of the family through three consecutive generations. A report is made on an additional case, in which no virus could be isolated, but in which electron microscopic studies showed two types of virus particles: nucleocapsid-like structures and particles identical in form and size with papova virus. Electron microscopic findings and attempts to cultivate a virus in multiple sclerosis published by other authors are discussed. It is pointed out, that the results described provide as yet no proof for the viral etiology of multiple sclerosis. They support the hypothesis, however, that a virus may play an essential role in the etiology and/or pathogenesis of this disease. Problems in relation to brain autopsy in multiple sclerosis are discussed. Early sterile autopsy is considered the most practicable possibility for obtaining tissue material for culturing and for ultrastructural studies in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 49405 TI - Movement-associated cortical potentials with unilateral and bilateral simultaneous hand movement. AB - Cortical potentials associated with unilateral and bilateral simultaneous thumb opposition were studied in 9 healthy subjects. The P1 component, "pre-motion positivity", was recognized in 5 out of 9 subjects on unilateral thumb movement. In all subjects in whom P1 was recognized, P1 was dominant over the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the contracting muscles. On bilateral simultaneous thumb movement, however, P1 was not discerned in any subject. This is compatible with the assumption that P1 is related to an inhibition of imitative movement of the opposite hand (mirror movement). The N2 component had its onset after the start of muscle contraction in most cases, suggesting that N2 might not reflect activation of the corticospinal pathways. PMID- 49404 TI - Multiple sclerosis and parainfluenza 1 virus. History of the isolation of the virus and expression of phenotypic differences between the isolated virus and Sendai virus. AB - 54 cultures were established from brain tissue obtained 2-3 hrs after death from 1 case of multiple sclerosis and 30 cultures from another case. Following fusion with indicator cells in the presence of lysolecithin, a parainfluenza type 1 virus (6/94 virus) was isolated from cultures representing one plaque area in the first case and one plaque area in the second case. A cell line chronically infected with the 6/94 virus has been maintained for more than 100 passages in vitro. A close relationship to the Sendai Hemagglutinating Virus of Japan (HVJ) is indicated from RNA-RNA hybridization and the patterns of electrophoretic mobilities of viral polypeptides. Conversely, differences in optima for growth requirement temperatures, hemolytic activity and the capability to fuse mammalian cells, distinguishes 6/94 virus and HVJ as distinct phenotypic entities of a closely related genotype. PMID- 49406 TI - [Diagnostic value of siderophages in the cytogram of cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - The demonstration of siderophages in the cerebrospinal fluid is a very reliable diagnostic tool for identifying hemorrhage in the subarachnoid space and ventricular system. Siderophages are found 4 days after spontaneous or traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage and persist in some cases up to 120 days, which makes them a reliable indicator of a previous hemorrhage. These findings are the result of an investigation in which 110 samples of cerebrospinal fluid, obtained from 105 patients, were examined for siderophages by the membrane filtration method. PMID- 49407 TI - [Anticonvulsant drugs and liver damage (Author's transl)]. AB - 540 autopsies of institutionalized epileptics who had been treated with anticonvulsant drugs were evaluated as to type and frequency of pathological changes in the liver and compared with a control series of 270 nonepileptics. A specific liver-toxicity of antiepileptic drugs, or combination of drugs, could not be established. Thus, only in 3 cases, one of which was fatal, was a relationship found between anticonvulsant drug therapy and liver damage. Therefore, there seems to be no reason to discontinue anticonvulsant therapy or to reduce the usual dose for fear of causing liver damage. On the other hand, it was found that tuberculosis may have adverse effects upon the liver of patients undergoing anticonvulsant drug therapy. From 41 cases of active tuberculosis we found 13 with severe liver damage, 3 of which were fatal. 10 patients had, and 3 had not, received antituberculosis chemotherapy. PMID- 49408 TI - [The advantages and limitations of an automatic ultrasound determination of the cerebral midline--a study of 1889 cases]. AB - The examination of the brain with ultrasound has become an indispensible diagnostic tool in all cases of intracranial pathology. Valuable information is obtained both in emergencies and in follow-up studies. Since long practice is necessary before the results of echoencephalograms can be interpreted accurately, a need was felt for a standardization of the examination which would eliminate the subjective influence of the investigator. The automatic midline computer, called Midliner, which has recently become available, makes fewer demands on the experience of the investigator although the diagnostic possibilities are not as broad. The position of the midline echo is of primary interest, although the width of the third ventricle can be successfully determined in occasional cases. this study, which presents the results of the Midliner examinations in three clinics, is grouped according to diagnosis. Through a comparison with conventional A-scan echoencephalograms, as well as with neuroradiological and operative findings in 1889 cases, the reliability of this method is clearly demonstrated. The advantages and disadvantages of the examination are discussed and the field of application indicated. PMID- 49409 TI - [Intraspinal neurenteric cyst associated with dystopia of lung tissue and myelocele]. PMID- 49410 TI - [Development of an apparatus for measuring attention in patients with cerebral damage and functional disorders]. AB - 58 patients with various underlying neurological diseases, who had an impairment of attention, were examined. 12 patients without clinically evident disorders of attention were examined as a control group. The aim of the study was the development of a standardized procedure for the assessment of impaired attention. An additive, 4 step scale of the "susceptibility to stimulation" (Guttman scale) was constructed out of several, heterogeneous stimuli. In addition, an additive 4 step scale of "reactivity" was constructed out of a catalogue of defined reactions. The two scales permitted the assessment of reactivity and susceptibility to stimulation, the degree of which could be demonstrated as being proportional to one another. The transformation of susceptibility to stimulation into reactivity is thought to be performed by an internal system which is attributed to attention. PMID- 49411 TI - Mechanisms of contractile response of cerebral artery to externally-applied fresh blood. AB - The authors report and analyze the in vitro contractions of fresh bovine cerebral artery on exposure to blood. The vessel does not contract significantly until blood clots on its surfaces; the contraction begins at the moment of clotting and is maintained as long as extracellular calcium is available. Comparative studies with vasoconstrictor amines suggest that serotonin, liberated from platelets by the clotting process, is responsible for this contraction and that the adherent clot itself concentrates the serotonin of the surface of the vessel. This contraction persists throughout the"viability" of the in vitro preparation, approximately 10 hours. Serotonin is capable of producing this sustained contraction by increasing smooth muscle cell membrane permeability to extracellular calcium, which in turn activates native actinomycin. PMID- 49412 TI - Experimental study of the concentration of tumor tracers in non-malignant lesions. PMID- 49413 TI - Depressed immune response in the magnesium-deficient rat. AB - The effects of dietary magnesium on growth, food efficiency, organ development, splenic nucleic acids, and serum antibody were studied in two experiments with male Wistar rats. Diets containing 30% protein from casein were fed ad libitum. Rats were immunized intravenously with sheep red blood cells. Blood was obtained 5 and 9 days after immunization. In experiment 1, a group of weanling rats was fed 10 ppm Mg for 8 days, followed by 142 ppm for 37 days. Group 2 (controls) was fed 480 ppm Mg for 45 days. Group 1 weighed less but had larger spleens, kidneys, and testes relative to body size than did group 2. Nucleic acids per gram spleen were similar in both groups as were serum gamma-globulin and its 19S and 7S components. Antibody log titers for group 1 were 45 and 65% of control agglutinin levels and 44 and 80% of control hemolysin values on days 5 and 9, respectively. In experiment 2,200-g rats were fed 10 (group 3) or 480 ppm (group 4) Mg for 38 days. Most effects of the 10 ppm Mg diet were similar to those seen in magnesium deficiency in experiment 1. Antibody titers for group 3 were 30 and 25% of control agglutinin and 43 and 53% of control hemolysin values on days 5 and 9, respectively. Total serum gamma-globulin and its 19S fraction were similar in both groups, while the 7S fraction of group 3 was only 64% of the control value. PMID- 49414 TI - Marginal adaptation of composite resins. AB - The historical development and important properties of composite resins are briefly reviewed. Experimental work has been undertaken to examine the marginal adaptation of three commerically available composite resins in 100 Class II and Class V restorations; dye penetration tests were used and measurement of the gap at the tooth/restoration interface as recorded in photographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy of replicas. In Class V restorations showing marginal leakage by dye penetration the gap at the tooth/restoration interface was in all cases greater cervically than occlusally. The results underline the uncertainly of obtaining a good marginal seal with composite resins both peripherally and along internal line angles. PMID- 49415 TI - Approaches to analogs of anhydrogliotoxin. 3.1,2-Synthesis of a desthiomethylene analog. PMID- 49416 TI - Liver tumors in children in the particular reference to hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: American Academy of Pediatrics Surgical Section Survey- 1974. AB - A review of 227 cases of hepatoblastoma, hepatic cell carcinoma in children seen in the United States over a 10-yr period is presented. Both tumors were seen most commonly in infancy, but the hepatocellular carcinoma shows a second peak of incidence around puberty. Males predominated in both diseases more so in hepatoblastoma. Presenting symptoms in both diseases were very similar, most commonly an upper abdominal mass or abdominal enlargement associated with anorexia and weight loss. In the preoperative evaluation the presence of alpha feto protein was one of the most helpful diagnostic tests. Disturbances of liver function were usually mild but were more marked in those children with hepatocellular carcinoma. Preoperative x-rays were abnormal in a large percentage of cases with the hepatic arteriogram and vena cavagram being the most useful diagnostic x-rays for liver tumors. Liver scans were positive for liver tumor in 95% of the children when this test was carried out. The follow-up for these patients ranged from 2 to 10 yr. The size of the primary tumor did not appear to correlate with survival but bilateral location of the tumor, 33% in hepatoblastoma and 45% in hepatocellular carcinoma, made many of these tumors inoperable. Multicentric tumors were also found in a large number of patients, being more common in hepatocellular carcinoma. There was a high rate of local recurrence or local extension after operation in both diseases, and metastatic spread was similar being most common to the lungs and abdomen. A wide variety of surgical procedures were carried out in these patients from biopsy only to extended hepatic lobectomy. When incomplete excision or biopsy only was carried out no patient survived in either group. Among the hepatoblastoma patients, 45 of 78 patients who had complete excision are surviving. In the hepatocellular carcinoma patients where the operability rate was much lower 12 of 33 patients are surviving when tumor was completely excised. Complications were frequent, the most common being excessive blood loss at operation. There were eight operative deaths and 17 postoperative deaths in the combined group. There was no evidence that radiation therapy or chemotherapy controlled disease which could not be completely excised surgically. The only direct evidence of a favorable effect of radiation and chemotherapy were three cases of hepatoblastoma in which the tumor changed from inoperable to operable by a combination of radiation therapy and multiple drug chemotherapy. Both tumors are highly malignant, and 90% of the children who died of hepatoblastoma died within 12 mo of diagnosis. In the hepatocellular carcinoma 80% of the deaths occurred within 1 yr of diagnosis. At this time it seems that operative excision offers the only chance of cure in children with these tumors and cure rates of 60% can be expected with hepatoblastoma and 33% in hepatocellular carcinoma if the tumor can be completely excised. PMID- 49417 TI - An analysis of the specificity in pharmacological inhibition of the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction in mice and rats. AB - An antiserum obtained from mice, immunized to produce an antiovalbumin antibody of the IgE type, was employed in a 48-hour passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in both mice and rats. The antiserum contained an antibody which, "fixed" to skin for at least 6 days, was heat labile and eluted from diethylaminoethyl cellulose in the reagin peak. In both rats and mice, the PCA reaction was mediated by a combination of histamine and serotonin and was inhibited by specific antagonists. Various drugs were tested for inhibition of the PCA reaction in recipients also injected with compound 48/80 and histamine. Drugs which have been reported to cause an increase in intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels [prostaglandins (PG) E1 and E2 and theophylline] all selectively inhibited the PCA reaction at low doses. By varying the length of time of drug administration prior to antigen challenge, the pharmacological half life of PGE1 was determined to be approximately 9 minutes. At high doses, theophylline also inhibited the 48/80 reaction, and PGE1 inhibited all three reactions, whereas PGE2 only inhibited PCA. Disodium cromoglycate, when given to rats, inhibited only the PCA reaction without effect on the 48/80 or histamine wheal. It was totally ineffective on any parameter measured in the mouse. It is suggested that the PCA reaction in the rodent is induced by an IgE-like antibody and mediator release is, to some extent, sensitive to intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Analysis of the specificity of drug activity depends upon dose-response studies, species differences and consideration of nonspecific systemic effects. PMID- 49419 TI - Teaching aids in veterinary histology. PMID- 49418 TI - Elicidation by a H-2-receptor antagonist of the significance of mucosal histamine mobilization in exciting acid secretion. AB - 1. The consequence of H-2-receptor blockade for the secretory responses of the gastric mucosa to hormonal or cholinergic stimulation was studied in conscious rats with Heindenhain pouches or Pavlov pouches with the antrum retained or resected. 2. Metiamide almost completely abolished acid secretion induced by pentagastrin without altering significantly the amount of histamine excreted in the urine. Histamine mobilization on pentagastrin infusion determined in vitro, seemed to be larger during H-2-receptor blockade than with pentagastrin alone. 3. CCK-PZ mobilized mucosal histamine to a considerable extent; the secretory response to this hormone was completely abolished by H-2-receptor blockade. 4. Acid secretion in response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose was inhibited by H-2-receptor blockade in the presence or absence of the antrum; however the inhibition was less complete than with hormone-induced secretion. 5. The acid secretory response to 100 mg/kg of 2-deoxy-D-glucose appeared to be less susceptible to H-2-receptor blockade than that of 50-mg/kg of 2-deoxy-D-glucose. 6. Feeding induced a secretory response in the Pavlov pouch which initially was more effectively inhibited by H-2-receptor blockade than the response to 2-deoxy-D-glucose. In the absence of antral gastrin secretion by either stimulus was equally inhibited. 7. Methacholine-induced acid secretion was inhibited by infusion of the H-2-receptor antagonist, an inhibition that was absent when pentagastrin was concomitantly infused. 8. Although acid secretion induced by cholinergic stimuli was readily inhibited by the H-2-receptor antagonist, slight or nor inhibition was noted on pepsin secretion. 9. The role of histamine as a physiological stimulus for the parietal cell is discussed in view of the fact that the secretory effect of natural stimuli, known or demonstrated to mobilize mucosal histamine, is restrained by H-2-receptor blockade. PMID- 49420 TI - Teaching slide-tape set on respiratory physiology. PMID- 49422 TI - How to care for your laminectomy patient. PMID- 49421 TI - Membrane potentials in pinched-off presynaptic nerve ternimals monitored with a fluorescent probe: evidence that synaptosomes have potassium diffusion potentials. AB - 1. Some physiological properties of tissue fractions from rat brain homogenates have been examined. Of the three fractions studied (presynaptic nerve terminals, mitochondria and fragmented membranes), only the nerve terminals (synaptosomes) have the ability to accumulate 42K from physiological salt solutions. 2. The ability to accumulate and retain K is lost if synaptosomes are exposed to very hypotonic solutions. The K uptake and total K content is reduced by ouabain and by inhibitors of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. 3. These results suggest that synaptosomes in physiological saline accumulate K against a concentration gradient, and may have K diffusion potentials across their surface membranes. The voltage-sensitive fluorescent probe, 3,3'-dipentyl 2,2' oxacarbocyanine (CC5), was used to test this possibility. 4. In the squid axon, the fluorescent emission of CC5 is directly proportional to membrane potential; depolarization causes an increase in fluorescence. 5. The fluorescence of synaptosomes ('synaptosome fluorescence') treated with CC5 is increased when [K]o is increased or [K]o is reduced; replacement of external Na by Li or choline has little effect on the synaptosome fluorescence. In quantitative terms, synaptosome fluorescence is proportional to log ([K]o plus 0-05[Na]o). Rb is about as effective as K in enhancing synaptosome fluorescence; Cs is about 1/4 as effective. The effect of increased [K]o is reversible. 6. The fluorescence data provide corroborative evidence that there is normally a large K gradient ([K]o smaller than [I]i) across the synaptosome surface membrane. The data suggest the [K]i may be in excess of 100 mM. 7. Replacement of Cl- by methylsulphate did not significantly affect the relationship between synaptosome fluorescence and [K]o, nor did removal of external Ca. 8. The fluorescence of CC5-treated mitochondria, membrane fragmnets, or lysed synaptosomes is unaffected by changes in the K concentration of the medium. 9. Veratridine and gramicidin D, both of which enhance Na permeability (PNa) in some intact tissues, increase synaptosome fluorescence when added to the standard medium. The increment is greatly reduced or abolished when external Na is replaced by choline. 10. If synaptosomes are first Na-loaded (by pre-treatment with cyanide + iodoacetate), and then placed in a choline medium, addition of gramicidin D significantly decreases fluorescence. This effect could be explained if, with [Na]o smaller than [Na]i, the increase in PNa causes the synaptosomes to hyperpolarize. 11. The veratridine-induced increase in synaptosome fluorescence was prevented by 3 times 10- minus 7M tetrodotoxin, which also blocks the depolarizing effect of veratridine in intact neurones. 12. The main conclusion is that synaptosomes may retain resting membrane potentials and the ability to increase Na permeability. PMID- 49423 TI - Variations in the serum concentration of a human pregnancy-associated alpha macroglobulin during pregnancy and after delivery. PMID- 49424 TI - Amniotic fluid macrophages and the antenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and spina bifida. AB - The macrophage content of amniotic fluid has been measured and the upper limit of normal on an arbitrary scale is 41. Amongst 65 amniotic fluids collected for antenatal diagnostic studies before 22weeks' gestation there were eight which had macrophage counts ranging from 82 to 6226,three of these were shown to have anencephaly and two spina bifida. The reasons for three apparently false positives are as yet undetermined. Rhesus iso-immunized amniotic fluids were found to have macrophage counts of up to 276 and a possible explanation for this is considered. It is argued that an elevated aminotic fluid macrophage count may indicate a CNS defect or possibly other fetal abnormality. PMID- 49426 TI - Cell membrane receptors for serological reagents. PMID- 49425 TI - Alpha-feto-protein during development and in disease. AB - An alpha-feto-protein (AFP) is present in many mammals, in birds, and in sharks during development. The AFP present in different species have similar physicochemical properties and often have common antigenic determinants. Their study, both in health and disease, has provided a useful model for the understanding of other phase-specific antigens and the activation of the genes which control their synthesis. In the human fetus, the level of AFP falls with increasing maturity. The more sensitive methods of detection have disclosed that this fetal protein persists in trace amounts throughout life and its level increases in maternal blood during pregnancy. The principal sites of synthesis are the fetal liver and in some mammals, the yolk sac splanchnopleur. In humans as well as in mice and cows, it is notable that the synthesis of AFP is increased in liver cancer cells and that high levels of this protein are present in serum. Elevated values of AFP have also been detected in human subjects with undifferentiated tumours of the testis and ovary. A fall to normal levels has been noted in cases of complete remission after surgery and a return to high levels in patients who develop metastases. In some patients with hepatitis a temporary rise in the level of AFP has also been observed. In recent years, the detection of high levels of AFP in amniotic fluid has proved to be of great value for the prenatal diagnosis of neural-tube defects. Abnormal levels have also been found in the amniotic fluid or in maternal serum in cases of spontaneous abortion. Such measurements are now being assessed as a methodof monitoring abnormal pregnancy. PMID- 49427 TI - Trisomy 22. Two new cases and delineation of the phenotype. AB - Two unrelated children, not affected with Down's syndrome, with strikingly similar phenotypes and an extra G-like chromosome are presented. Quinacrine and trypsin-Giemsa banding identified the extra chromosome as No. 22. The phenotype of these patients and the review of 15 additional similar cases from the literature permit a definition of the cardinal features of trisomy 22; mental and growth retardation, microcephaly and craniofacial asymmetry, strabismus, beaked and prominent nose, long philtrum, cleft palate, micrognathia, large low set ears with preauricular tags and/or pits, long slender fingers, congenital heart disease, inguinal hernia, and hip dislocation. PMID- 49428 TI - A patient with congenital anomalies and a deletion of the long arm of the long arm of chromosome 4 [46,XY,del(4)(q31)]. AB - This paper describes the clinical symptoms and cytogenetic findings in a patient previously described in a doctoral thesis (van Kempen, 1969). The patient is a boy with multiple congenital anomalies and a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 4. A recent Giemsa banding study showed absence of the terminal G band, as was found in the patient described by Golbus et al (1973). The symptoms and other data on the three patients known to have a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 4 are presented to facillitate comparison of these cases. However, the number of cases so far on record is too small to warrant conclusions on the basis of this comparison. PMID- 49429 TI - Dicentric Y chromosome in mixed gonadal dysgenesis. AB - A 15-year-old girl was investigated because of ambiguous genitalia. Her chromosome studies showed a 45, X/45, Xdic(Yq) mosaicism. The identity of the dicentric Y chromosome was demonstrated by its typical fluorescent banding patterns. Histological evidence of mixed gonadal dysgenesis with intragonadal tumour was observed, confirming the occurrence of gonadoblastoma associated with mosaicism in which at least one cell bears a Y chromosome. PMID- 49430 TI - Anesthesiology teaching of medical students: a changing curriculum for changing times. PMID- 49431 TI - T-mycoplasmas: a study of the morphology, ultrastructure and mode of division of some human strains. AB - The morphology of 10 strains of T-mycoplasma was studied in wet preparations of viable cells by darkfield, phase-contrast and interference microscopy, and in fixed preparations by various techniques of electron microscopy. Mycoplasma-like artefacts in the horse-serum component of the medium were eliminated by filtration. All 10 strains were similar. Individual cells were spherical, 0-25-1 0 mum in size, with a bounding trilaminar membrane, 10 nm thick and containing 7 5-12-5-nm particles, and a layer of pilus-like projections, 5-8 nm long, on the outer surface. A possible capsular matrix was observed only by the pseudoreplica technique. The cells contained 12-15-nm ribosomes, nuclear fibroids 7-5-9 nm wide, and vacuoles. During replication, the cell elongated slightly and the ribsomes migrated to the ends of the cell leaving a ribosome-free area into which the bounding membrane invaginated to form a bud. The bud eventually separated by completion of the process of invagination; a cross-septum did not form. Usually only a single bud developed but sometimes two appeared simultaneously. PMID- 49433 TI - Handling and staining epoxy resin sections for light microscopy. AB - Epoxy resin sections 0 1-1.0 mum thick of specimens embedded for electron microscopy, were collected from the ultramicrotome using strips of cover slip, and, after drying on a hot plate, were bulk stained in specially made troughs. After treatment with periodic acid, the sections were stained first in basic fuchsin at 70 degrees C and then in alkaline methylene blue at room temperature. The handling technique allows accurate collection of serial sections without interrupting the sectioning process, and the stain combination is suitable for different specimens in different epoxy resins and is unaffected by storage for more than 1 year. PMID- 49432 TI - The permeability of liposomes to nonelectrolytes. II. The effect of nystatin and gramicidin A. AB - The process of selective permeation of nonelectrolytes across liposomes of different lipid composition and amount of cholesterol has been studied. The extent of the selectivity for diffusion within the membranes has been found to be related to the physical state of the hydrocarbon chains. It has been also found that incorporation of cholesterol into egg-lecithin membranes decreases the overall permeability by affecting the dehydration step more than the subsequent diffusion of the solute. The incorpporation into liposomes of the antibiotics nystatin and gramicidin A produces changes in the selective permeation of nonelectrolytes that are consistent with the formation by these molecules of aqueous pores of fixed dimensions. Finally, comparisons are made between the process of permeation in biological membranes and in liposomes with and without antibiotics. PMID- 49434 TI - Identification of nerve fibres in the scanning electron microscope. AB - The use of silver as a "stain" for nerve fibres in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) preparations has been investigated. Samples of cardiac tissues were treated according to the Bielschovsky silver impregnation method. Following embedding in paraffin, successive sections were selected for light microscopy and for SEM studies, respectively. The silver impregnated fibres, when examined in SEM preparations, appeared nearly white against a greyish background of cardiac tissue. They were therefore easy to localize even at a low magnification. These nerve fibres were identified in the same tissue, but different blocks by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies and by fluorescence microscopy. PMID- 49435 TI - Preparation of nematodes for scanning electron microscopy. AB - Nematodes from the orders Tlyenchida and Rhabditida were fixed and processed in several different ways for examination with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Four processes produced good preparations of fixed nematodes. Drying from acetone was the simplest of these techniques and most useful for regions of the tylenchid nematodes supported by skeletal tissue. Critical point drying, a more complicated procedure, gave good preparations, but they required special care in processing. Nematodes infiltrated with glycerol and a conducting agent were the most life-like but were difficult to examine. Specimens infiltrated with an epoxy resin looked natural and this was the most promising process tried. PMID- 49436 TI - Ribosomal proteins from rabbit reticulocytes: number and molecular weights of proteins from ribosomal subunits. PMID- 49437 TI - Antibody-induced capping of measles virus antigens on plasma membrane studied by electron microscopy. AB - Antibodies specific for measles virus could redistribute ("cap") virus antigens on infected HeLa cells as shown by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, infected cells showed diffuse, circumferential distribution of virus antigens over the cell surface when mixed with antibody at 4 C. At 37 C, virus-coated microvilli concentrated on one pole of the cell, leaving the remainder of the plasma membrane devoid of both viral antigens and microvillus projections. Whereas extreme polar displacement of virus antibody complexes frequently occurred, endocytosis was rarely seen. The findings indicate that antiviral antibodies can move and cluster virus on plasma membranes and suggest that virus-antibody complexes are stripped and shed from the cell surface. PMID- 49438 TI - Biological and physical modifications of a murine oncornavirus by 2-deoxy-D glucose. AB - 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) inhibited the release of transforming Kirsten murine sarcoma-leukemia virus [KiMSV(KiMuLV)] from transformed rat kidney (NRK-K) cells. At a concentration of 30 mM 2-DG, RNA synthesis in NRK-K cells was inhibited by approximately 30 percent and protein synthesis was inhibited by as much as 80 percent of control levels. RNA synthesis was not inhibited in nontransformed normal rat kidney (NRK) cells, although protein synthesis was equally suppressed in NRK and NRK-K cells. After treatment with 2-DG, the release of physical particles of KiMSV(KiMuLV) from NRK-K cels was not reduced as determined by equilibrium density gradient centrifugation and assays for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of culture fluids. The ability to detect virion-associated radioactivity in equilibrium density gradients was dependent on the conditions of labeling. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of KiMSV(KiMulLV) proteins revealed marked structural alterations after propagation of the virus in 30 mM 2-DG. These alterations may account for the observed loss of transforming ability of KiMSV(KiMuLV). PMID- 49439 TI - Structural proteins of mammalian RNA tumor viruses: relatedness of the interspecies antigenic determinants of the major internal protein. AB - The relatedness of antigenic determinants of purified major core proteins of the murine, feline, RD 114/baboon, and woolly monkey/gibbon ape groups of RNA tumor viruses was examined by competition radioimmunoassay. In assay systems of a homologous antigen and antiserum, high affinity competition for binding to all of the antibodies was observed only with the homologous unlabeled protein; the core proteins of other groups of viruses showed only low affinity binding of a small fraction of antibodies, presumably those reactive with the interspecies determinants, at concentrations of competing protein 10- to 100-fold greater than that of the labeled antigen. The cross-reactive (interspecies) antigens of every two viruses were selectively examined by precipitating the purified 125-I-labeled protein with antiserum against each of the other proteins. The extent to which these shared determinants were common to the other viruses was then tested by the effectiveness of the proteins of each virus to compete for antibody binding. Several classes of interspecies determinants were distinguished: those common to two of the groups of viruses, others to three, and some to all four. Moreover, an even greater variety of interspecies determinants was indicated by differences in the affinity of the individual proteins for antibody binding, supporting the hypothesis that there are at least several, if not many, different interspecies determinants with a broad spectrum of antigenic cross-reactivity. These studies suggest that the murine and feline viruses are closely related as they contain cross-reactive antigenic determinants not shared with the other viruses, that the feline virus is more closely related to the woolly monkey virus than to RD 114, and that the RD 114 and woolly monkey viruses retain interspecies determinants shared relatively equally with each of the other viruses. PMID- 49440 TI - Inhibition of viral transcriptase by immunoglobulin directed against the nucleocapsid NS protein of vesicular stomatitis virus. AB - In search of an anti-transcriptase, antibody was raised in rabbits to partially purified, soluble NS protein present in cytoplasmic extracts of cells infected with the Indiana serotype of vesicular stomatitis (VSInd) virus. This antiserum gave specific reactions of identity by agar immunodiffusion with both cytoplasmic and virion NS protein. NS antiserum also preferentially precipitated NS 3-H labeled protein from infected cytoplasmic extracts, whereas anti-whole VSInd virion serum also precipitated N 3-H-labeled protein from extracts both of infected cytoplasm and virion nucleocapsids. Transcriptase activity of VSInd cytoplasmic or virion-derived nucleocapsids was effectively inhibited by ribonuclease-free immunoglubulin prepared from homologous NSInd antiserum or from anti-whole vesicular stomatitis virus serum. Transcriptase activity of heterologous New Jersey serotype (VSNJ) nucleocapsids and virions was not appreciably affected by anti-NSInd or by anti-whole VSInd virion gamma globulin. Anti-NS gamma glubulin immediately switched off RNA synthesis by actively transcribing VSInd nucleocapsids, a finding which suggests that NS antibody inhibits RNA chain elongation. PMID- 49441 TI - Serological studies with low-molecular-weight polypeptides from the Moloney strain of murine leukemia virus. AB - Major virion low-molecular-weight polypeptides were isolated from the Moloney strain of murine leukemia virus (type C) by agarose chromatography in 6M guanidine hydrochloride and were shown to have molecular weights of 15,000 (p15), 12,000 (p12), and 10,000 (p10) by their elution volumes and by their relative mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Each polypeptide could be iodinated and employed in double antibody radioimmunoassay procedures. All three polypeptides demonstrated a high degree of type-specificity in serologic immunoprecipitation analysis and in corresponding competition immunoassays. The p15 was immunologically distinct from other viron polypeptides including p12 and p10; the p12 and p10 were highly related to each other but not to other virion polypeptides and were even more type-specific than the p15 in serologic tests. Competition immunoassays with p15 and p10 indicate that the Moloney strain of MuLV is only a distant relative of the Friend-Rauscher group. The combined use of the Kirsten and Moloney low-molecular-weight polypeptide immunoassays suggest that xenotropic viruses constitute yet another group(s) of murine leukemia virus with distinct type-specific antigens, further expanding an already heterogeneous group of mouse type C viruses. PMID- 49442 TI - Quantitative nucleotide sequence relationships of mammalian RNA tumor viruses. AB - A molecular hybridization technique has been used to quantitatively measure the nucleotide sequence relationships of selected mammalian RNA tumor viruses. Reciprocal cross-hybridization tests were done in which a given radioactively labeled, viral genomic RNA species was annealed with an excess of unlabeled, complementary DNA product synthesized in endogenously instructed reverse transcriptase reactions. Hybrid formation was measured with pancreatic RNase A. Three representative mammalian RNA tumor virus groups were examined: murine viruses, simian viruses, and feline viruses. The results of reciprocal cross hybridization testing have revealed that the murine viruses consist of four distinctly related subgroups: (i) the Friend leukemia virus/Rauscher leukemia virus subgroup, (ii) the Gross leukemia virus subgroup, (iii) the Moloney sarcoma virus subgroup, and (iv) the Kirsten sarcoma virus subgroup. Simian sarcoma virus, the only simian virus examined, appeared to share limited interspecies sequence relationships with members of the other virus groups and in particular with Kirsten sarcoma virus. Of the two members of the feline virus group tested, Rickard feline sarcoma virus and RD-114, each was placed in a separate, unrelated subgroup. Rickard feline sarcoma virus exhibited limited sequence relatedness with members of the other virus groups, whereas RD-114 exhibited none. PMID- 49444 TI - Transurethral prostatectomy in patients with severe hip deformity. AB - The use of a modified lithotomy position and perineal urethrotomy has permitted transurethral prostatectomy in patients with severe hip disease. The procedure is described. PMID- 49443 TI - Interspecies antigenic determinants of the reverse transcriptases and p30 proteins of mammalian type C viruses. AB - The major internal structural proteins (p30) of type C viruses isolated from several mammalian species were studied by radioimmunoprecipitation and competitive radioimmunoassays. Three antigenically distinguishable sets of interspecies determinants could be demonstrated by both methods. One set of determinants shared by viruses of rodent origin (mouse and rat) can be detected readily in feline leukemia viruses but not in other type C viral groups. The p30 proteins of murine viruses also contain a second discrete set of antigenic determinants related to those in infectious primate viruses and endogenous porcine viruses, but not detected in the feline leukemia virus group. The p30 proteins of endogenous viruses of baboons and domestic cats share yet a third set of cross-reactive determinants not detected in type C viruses isolated from other species of animals. Enzyme inhibition studies performed with antisera raised toward the reverse transcriptases of these same groups of type C viruses showed the same patterns of immunological cross-reactions as observed with p30 proteins. The antigenic cross-reactions between the homologous proteins of type C virus isolated from genetically distant animals may reflect transmission of type C viruses across species barriers. PMID- 49446 TI - Letter: pain in terminal disease. PMID- 49445 TI - Letter: Levodopa in cancer of the prostate. PMID- 49447 TI - Letter: RNA tumor viruses. PMID- 49448 TI - [Serum protein in pulmonary tuberculous patients--with particular reference to hypogammaglobinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 49449 TI - [Critical concentrations for resistances of tubercle bacilli to tuberactinomycin N, viomycin, capreomycin, and lividomycin in patients treated with these agents (cross-resistance-relationships among resistances to aminoglucoside-antibiotics found during chemotherapy for tuberculosis) (author's transl)]. PMID- 49450 TI - [Methods of determination of antidiuretic hormone in blood]. PMID- 49451 TI - [Monocyte function in chronic uremia (author's transl)]. AB - Monocyte function studies in vitro have been performed in 21 patients with terminal, dialysis-treated uremia and, in parallel, in 21 healthy normal subjects. In uremia the attachment, spreading activity, and reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium were shown to be significantly enhanced, indicating a metabolic activation of the monocytes. The phagocytosis of IgG-coated red cells, however, was significantly impaired. A modification of the monocyte IgG-receptor in uremic conditions is supposed; its relevance for the immunosuppression in uremic states is discussed. PMID- 49452 TI - [Autoantibodies against heartmuscle sarcolemma in sera of patients with an idiopathic cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. AB - 68 patients with clinical and hemodynamical diagnosis of idiopathic cardiomyopathy (CM) were analysed for antibody in their sera using an immunofluorescence sandwich technique after titration of the sera in tissue sections. 60 of these patients had antibodies against heart muscle sarcolemma with titers up to 1:64. Out of these, the antibodies in 9 sera could be absorbed with group A streptococci. The antibodies reacted in no case with striated or smooth muscle sarcolemma. The 25 patients with an obstructive type of CM showed the highest titers and 12 of them, in addition, had antinuclear factors in their sera. These findings suggested an auto-allergic etiology for most cases of idiopathic CM. PMID- 49453 TI - The effects of captivity stress on the blood chemical values of the chacma baboon (Papio ursinus). AB - Baboons were trapped and transported to the colony within 3 days of being captured. Blood was collected on Tuesdays and Fridays for blood chemical determinations. The changes in albumin and globulin resulted in marked changes in the albumin: globulin ratio. Cholesterol values showed a sudden and marked drop and the values were still below normal at the end of 9 weeks. Blood sugar values increased to significantly elevated levels and marked changes occurred in the enzyme activity and plasma corticosteroid activity. Male and female animals differed in their response with regard to the values found in some parameters. A period of adaptation or conditioning of 8 weeks was found to be required for an animal to reach stability in its blood chemical values. PMID- 49454 TI - A simple staining method for vaginal smears using red ink. AB - In adult rhesus monkeys each phase of 37 menstrual cycles was accurately classified by cellular identification of vaginal smears stained with red ink. This technic was simple, quick, and inexpensive, and produced well-stained slides in a few seconds. PMID- 49455 TI - Mast cell increase in the duodenum and kidney of magnesium-deficient rats. AB - Rats were maintained on a magnesium-deficient diet for 1 to 5 weeks to study the mast cell (MC) populations in their duodenum and kidney. A marked increase of intestinal subepithelial mast cells was observed in these animals as compared with normal controls. The cells in both groups showed an identical reaction for mucopolysaccharides but the 5-hydroxytryptamine content tended to be higher in the cells of magnesium-deficient animals. Proliferation of MC was also observed in the renal cortex of the magnesium-deficient rats. This finding is significant because MC are known to be virtually absent from normal kidneys. Magnesium deprivation resulted in numerous MC not only in the intertubular spaces but also within the glomeruli. Possible correlations between these and other pertinent observations are discussed with regard to certain renal diseases. The discussion is extended to the possible mechanism through which magnesium could influence secretory processes in MC. PMID- 49456 TI - Casein-induced experimental amyloidosis. V. The response of lymphoid organs to T and B mitogens. AB - Functional and morphologic studies were performed on the lymphoid organs of inbred CBA/J mice receiving chronic casein administration. In the spleen, this regimen produces marked reticuloendothelial proliferation between 8 and 16 injections (preamyloid phase) and amyloid deposition between 16 and 24 injections. No amyloid was found in the thymus, lymph nodes, and bone marrow of these animals. Phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A lymphocyte responses as measured by 3-H-thymidine incorporation were reduced in the spleen and lymph node of preamyloid animals but demonstrated partial recovery during the amyloid phase. Phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A stimulation of thymic cells was significantly increased during both stages of amyloid induction, although the histologic studies revealed a marked involution of the thymic cortex. Lipopolysaccharide stimulation of spleen cells was normal in preamyloid and amyloid animals whereas in lymph node and bone marrow lipopolysaccharide responses were significantly decreased. The findings suggest a selective removal of subsets of T cell populations in the spleen and thymus and migration of B cells from bone marrow to the spleen during experimental amyloidosis. PMID- 49457 TI - A mandatory treatment program for skid row alcoholics; its implication for the Uniform Alcoholism and Intoxication Treatment Act. AB - Mandatory and voluntary treatment programs for Skid Row alcoholics are described, and the implications of the Uniform Alcoholism and Intoxication Treatment Act are discussed. PMID- 49458 TI - Personality differences in patients at three alcoholism treatment agencies. AB - Results of personality inventories completed by patients in three alcoholism treatment and two control groups revealed differences between the personality profiles of these groups, suggesting that different types of programs attract different types of clients. PMID- 49459 TI - Information theory and limitations in antibody diversity. PMID- 49460 TI - The kinetics of hemolytic plaque formation. II. Inhibition of plaques by hapten. PMID- 49461 TI - The kinetics of hemolytic plaque formation. III. Inhibition of plaques by antigen. PMID- 49462 TI - Subthreshold reactive dysproteinemia in healthy subjects. PMID- 49463 TI - Diagnostic methods in liver diseases. PMID- 49464 TI - The clinical significance of hepatitis B virus antigens and antibodies. AB - There are two well-characterized antigen-antibody systems which relate specificially to viral hepatitis B. Tests for HBsAg and anti-HBs are readily available and of great benefit to the diagnosis, prevention and understanding of hepatitis B. Tests for HBcAg and anti-HBc are still research techniques which requires further development before they can be used at the level of everyday medical practice. HBsAg in an individual indicates that he harbors the virus of hepatitis B; it may be present in the absence of liver disease or be found in association with both acute and chronic type B hepatitis. The presence of HBsAg also suggests that HBV may be causally related to some cases of periarteritis nodosa, chronic glomerulonephritis, and hepatoma. Although HBV is readily transmitted in blood, the major portion of post-transfusion hepatitis now appears to be serologically unrelated to either the hepatitis B virus ("serum") or the hepatitis A virus ("infectious"); the etiology of these cases is currently undetermined. There is increasing evidence that HBV may be transmitted by modes other than blood, but the exact mechanisms of such transmission is not established. The combined transmission of HBV by blood and other routes has resulted in a large number of persistent carriers of HBsAg in the world. There is no current method to alter this carrier state. The hepatitis risk of such persistent carriers to their personal and professional contacts is under investigation. PMID- 49465 TI - Active and passive immunization of viral hepatitis. PMID- 49466 TI - Autoimmunity in hepatitis. PMID- 49467 TI - Primary carcinoma of the liver. PMID- 49468 TI - Epidemiology of Escherichia coli K1 in healthy and diseased newborns. AB - Although at least 100 different Escherichia coli capsular antigens have been recognised, strains possessing the K1 antigen are responsible for 77% of neonatal E. coli meningitis cases. K1 strains were found in 20-40% of rectal swab cultures from healthy infants, children, and adult women. Vertical transmission from mother to infant was the most common means of aquiring K1 organisms in term infants. Premature babies in a nursery with little maternal contact aquired K1 strains later then did term infants, and this aquisition may have been related to carriage by nursery staff. Capsular content and fermentation reactions of cerebrospinal-fluid K1 organisms were comparable to those found in rectal strains from healthy individuals. E. coli K1 with identical O and H antigens were found in maternal and infantile cultures of babies with E. coli meningitis. It seems very likely that host immune mechanisms play a significant role in the pathogenesis of neonatal E. coli K1 meningitis. PMID- 49469 TI - Plasma-lipids and glucose/insulin relationship in non-insulin-requiring diabetics with and without retinopathy. AB - Serum-lipid concentrations and their relationship to blood-glucose and serum insulin were examined in non-insulin-requiring diabetics, 62 with and 45 without retinopathy. The age, sex-body-weight, and duration of known diabetes was comparable in the two groups. All were treated by diet only or diet and oral hypoglycaemic agents. Patients with retinopathy had higher fasting serumtriglyceride and serum--cholesterol levels than those without. Compared with a non-diabetic population, significantly more diabetics with retinopathy had raised derum-lipids. The lipid concentrations did not correlate with body weight, serum-thyroid-stimulating-hormone levels, renal involvement, or fasting blood-sugar. While the blood-sugar concentrations were similiar in the two groups the absolute insulin increment and the relative insulin response to a 50 g. oral glucose load were significantly lower in those with retinopathy than in those without. The impairment of insulin response correlated significantly with the frequency of hyperlipidaemia. It is suggested that insulin deficiency with secondary hyperlipidaemia is characteristic of diabetic patients with retinopathy. PMID- 49470 TI - New variant of phenylketonuria with progressive neurological illness unresponsive to phenylalanine restriction. AB - Three children, two of them siblings, with an unusual type of phenylketonuria are described. The three patients, two of them observed from the neonatal period, had a progressive neurological illness which was unlike that of classical phenylketonuria, and which did not respond to a low phenylalanine diet. The biochemical features suggested that the block in the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine was less severe than in the classical disease, and phenylalanine rho hydroxylase activity, measured in one patient was normal. It is suggested that the patients have a disorder of biopterin metabolism possibly due to a defect of the enzyme dihydropteridine reductase. PMID- 49471 TI - Factor VIII and glomerulonephritis. AB - To find out if determination of factor VIII,which most probably is synthetised in the intima of blood-vessesls, is of value for predicting the severity of vessel damge in glomerulonephritis, factor-VIII activity, factor-VIII-related antigen, and glomerular filtration-ratewere esto,ated om 85 patients with early glomerulonephritis on admission, and in 70 of these at follow-up for up to 4 years. The levels of factor-VIII activity and factor-VIII-related antigen on admission were normal in those patients who recovered. Where renal function was impaired on admission or becaome so during follow-up, factor VIII was high. Determination of factor VIII might thus be of prognostic value in early glomerulonephritis. PMID- 49472 TI - Weight carrying after myocardial infarction. AB - The blood-pressure responses to carrying a 15 kg. weight in a shoppong basket, and in a rucksack on the back, were compared in 13 ambulant male patients who were convalescing from an uncomplicated myocardial infarction. In 8 of the patients a sustained-handgrip test was also performed. Carrying the weight in the hand produced a distinct increase in blood-pressure, which did not occur when the weight was carried on the back. There was also a significant increase in blood-pressure during sustained handgrip. In view of the lack of symptoms with these circulatory changes, it is concluded that more specific advice about the possible dangers of sustained static exercise should be given to patients recovering from myocardial infarction. PMID- 49473 TI - Intra-amniotic urea and low-dose prostaglandin E2 for midtrimester termination. AB - The efficacy and morbidity of injecting a standard dose of urea (80 g.) and a lower dose of prostaglandin E2 (P.G.E2) (2-5 MG) than that used previously have been assesed in 110 patients. All aborted--in a mean time of 10 hours 41 minutes. The average inpatient stay was 3-3 days. 5 patients (4-5%) had a cervical laceration. PMID- 49474 TI - Effect of pectin, guar gum, and wheat fibre on serum-cholesterol. AB - 36 G of wheat fibre, pectin, or guar gum was given over 2-week periods to healthy volunteers taking normal diet. Mean serum-cholesterol levels fell significantly while the volunteers were taking guar and pectin by 36-3 and 29-2 mg, per 100. respectively, but rose slightly after wheat fibre by 6-7, mg per 100., Attention should be focused on fruit and vegetable gels rather than wheat fibre in the search of natural hypocholesterolaemic agents. PMID- 49475 TI - Gut bacteria and their metabolic activities in familiar polyposis. AB - Earlier work had suggested that patients with large-bowel cancer can be characterized by carriage of clostridia capable of dehydrogenating the nucleus of steroids and by high faecal bile-acid concentrations. Familial polyposis is an inherited disease which untreated, will progress to cancer of the large bowel, and those affected might be expected to have these metabolic characteristics. However, enviromental factors seem to play no part in polyposis. Investigation of as yet unaffected children of known polyposis patients revealed that the gut flora of half of them did not degrade cholesterol in vivo andnor did flora from patients in whom polyposis had already been diagnosed. The reason for this is unknown, but if the same patients develop polyposis (i.e., they carry the abnormal gene) we would have a simple diagnostic test which could replace the continuing follow-up now required for the siblings and children of patients with polyposis. PMID- 49476 TI - Relation of renal growth to diabetic glomerulosclerosis. AB - In diabetes mellitus abnormal quantiites of glycoprotein may be formed in the basement membrane of the glomerulus and both renal function and size may increase. It is suggested that these changes, of quite different potential significance, have a common origin an increased rate of uridine-triphosphate synthesis resulting from hyperglycemia. PMID- 49478 TI - Editorial: A tangled path. PMID- 49477 TI - Editorial: D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 49479 TI - Editorial: Drugs for arrhythmias. PMID- 49481 TI - Editorial: Allocating resources. PMID- 49480 TI - Editorial: Ischaemic optic neuropathy. PMID- 49482 TI - Editorial: Watch that equipment. PMID- 49483 TI - Medical care of childhood leukaemia. AB - The medical care given to a population-based sample of children with leukaemia was reviewed between two to three years after diagnosis. Just over half the children had been treated at local hospitals, and the others referred to centres specialising in treatment of leukaemia. Local hospitals could be divided according to the therapeutic regimen used; the survival of children given optimal regimens at local hospitals was equivalent to that of two of the three special centres. Assessment of social, psychological, satisfaction or cost outcomes showed no difference between the groups. It is concluded that a regional policy for childhood leukaemia should be concerned to improve treatment regimens at local hospitals rather than attempt to concentrate care at a few centres. PMID- 49484 TI - Effect of a vaccination programme on the distribution of rubella antibodies in women of childbearing age. AB - Results of routine rubella hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody tests on 39,005 serum samples showed that 9-5% of women of childbearing age in the Leeds region were seronegative, and a further 9-2% had low antibody titres of 1/8 or 1/16. Since routine rubella vaccination of schoolgirls began in 1970 the frequency of seronegative women in the fifteen to nineteen year age group has fallen by 5-7%. Clinical rubella was confirmed serologically in 140 women, 58 of whom were pregnant. 30 of these pregnancies were terminated, 2 resulted in spontaneous abortions, and 26 proceeded to term. One infant had congenital rubella. PMID- 49485 TI - Letter: Ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae in otitis media. PMID- 49486 TI - Letter:improved Bowie and Dick test. PMID- 49487 TI - Letter: Osteitis condensans ilii. PMID- 49488 TI - Letter: Chemotherapy of advanced histocytic lymphomas. PMID- 49489 TI - Letter: Infectious-disease hypothesis of human leukaemia and lymphoma. PMID- 49490 TI - Letter: Immunoblasts. PMID- 49491 TI - Letter: Immunopotentiation by levamisol. PMID- 49492 TI - Letter: Biphasic tumour-enhancing and tumour-inhibiting effects of non-specific immunotherapy. PMID- 49493 TI - Letter: Mucosal ulcers and anaerobic organisms. PMID- 49494 TI - Letter: Teaching of anatomy. PMID- 49495 TI - Letter: the Open University and the distribution of doctors. PMID- 49496 TI - Letter: asthma mortality associated with pneumothorax and intermittent positive pressure breathing. PMID- 49497 TI - Letter: is your iron and iron-binding capacity really necessary? PMID- 49498 TI - Letter: Beta-thalassaemic trait and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 49499 TI - Letter: Bile canalicular antibodies in non-hepatic diseases. PMID- 49500 TI - Letter: decreased fibrinolytic activity and malaria. PMID- 49501 TI - Letter: Intravenous copper in Menkes' kinky-hair syndrome. PMID- 49502 TI - Letter: Sex-chromosome abnormalities and social class. PMID- 49503 TI - Letter: Lead poisoning. PMID- 49504 TI - Letter: Ph-1 chromosome and loss and reappearance of the Y chromosome in acute lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 49505 TI - Letter: 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol in hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism. PMID- 49506 TI - Letter: Hyponatraemia and diuretics. PMID- 49507 TI - Letter: Hyponatraemia and convulsions in whooping-cough. PMID- 49508 TI - Letter: Vitamin-D metabolism in chronic renal failure. PMID- 49509 TI - Letter: paracetamol measurement. PMID- 49510 TI - Letter: Survival of the genetically incompatible fetal graft. PMID- 49511 TI - Letter: William James Hamilton. PMID- 49512 TI - Ferenc Szontagh. PMID- 49513 TI - Wilfrid Michael Priest. PMID- 49514 TI - Letter: Exercise, sport, and sudden death. PMID- 49515 TI - Role of glucagon and other hormones in development of diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - Blood concentrations of pancreatic glucagon, cortisol, noradrenaline, adrenaline, and growth hormone have been measured during the first 41 hours of insulin deprivation in six insulin-dependent diabetics to assess the importance of these hormones in the pathogenesis of diabetic ketoacidosis. Plasma-glucagon showed an early small significant rise and thereafter a slow increase to a plateau during the remaining experimental period. Plasma-cortisol increased only at the end of the insulin-deprivation period, while plasma-catecholamines and serum-growth hormone concentrations did not change. In the three of the six patients who developed significant ketosis, plasma-glucagon showed a close correlation with blood-ketones and plasma-free-fatty-acids while for the whole group the change in glucagon concentration correlated significantly with the rise in ketone-body concentration. It is suggested that the excess of glucagon in addition to the insulin lack may be an important factor in determining the degree of hyperglycaemia had hyperketonaemia in the early stages of insulin deprivation. PMID- 49516 TI - Use of factor-VII-rich prothrombin complex concentrate in liver disease. AB - A prothrombin complex concentrate rich in factor VII has been used in the management of the clotting defect in thirteen patients with liver disease. Adequate correction of coagulation was achieved immediately after infusion in all cases. Within 4 hours there was some deterioration and by 24 hours the results approximated to pre-fusion values. Liver biopsies were performed without haemorrhagic complication in the immediate post-infusion period. There was no evidence of induced intravascular coagulation. Since other prothrombin complex concentrates have proved disappointing, both in their failure to correct the clotting defect and in their production of disseminated intravascular coagulation, this factor-VII-rich concentrate may be the treatment of choice in patients with liver disease who require temporary correction of their coagulation defect. PMID- 49517 TI - Lack of causal association between Coxsackie B4 virus infection and diabetes. AB - An epidemic of Coxsackie B4 virus infection in an isolated group of islands in the Bering Sea in 1967 provided an opportunity to test the suggestion that infection with this virus might be associated with an increased incidence of diabetes. In 1973 islanders were tested by glucose-tolerance tests and their two hour plasma glucose levels were analysed in the light of serological evidence of CB4 infection five years earlier. There was no evidence of any increased prevalence of diabetes in those who had been infected in 1967. PMID- 49518 TI - Intravenous tyramine pressor response in depression. AB - Tyramine-dose/pressor-response curves have been determined in 27 control subjects and 19 patients with primary depressive illness. In the depressive group, significantly lower doses of tyramine were required to elevate the systolic blood pressure by 30 mm. Hg. PMID- 49519 TI - Subcutaneous intraperitoneal prosthesis for maintenance peritoneal dialysis. AB - A subcutaneous intraperitoneal proslysis has been successfully implanted in three chronic uraemic patients. Fifty peritoneal dialyses have been done during 6-3 patient-months, without complications. During this short experience, peritonitis was not seen at all. The patients' acceptance of the prosthesis was good. Lack of abdominal tubes or bags is a remarkable technical improvement of this device. PMID- 49520 TI - Role of prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of acute renal failure. AB - It is suggested that impaired glomerular infiltration in acute renal failure may be due, if only in part, to the derangement of a normal local feedback mechanism involving prostaglandins. According to this hypothesis, prostaglandins made in the medulla normally enter the loop of Henle and thus are present in distal tubule fluid reaching the macula densa. In the absence of direct vascular channels connecting the renal medulla with the outer cortex, this may be the only route by which medullary prostaglandins can reach the cortex without being destroyed by dehydrogenases. Under most circumstances in which renal perfusion and glomerular filtration fall, flow through Henle's loop continues, albeit at a reduced rate. This slowed flow through the loop and augmented prostaglandin release combine to produce a high concentration of prostaglandin in fluid leaving the medulla which, acting on the macula densa, counteracts the vasoconstrictor stimulus. If, however, filtration stops completely because of overwhelming vasoconstriction, flow along the loop also stops ans prostaglandins no longer reach the macula densa. Thus, the prostaglandin feedback loop would be opened, constrictor mechanism remain unchecked, and filtration failure perpetuated. It is proposed that such a self-perpetuating mechanism might operate in acute renal failure. PMID- 49521 TI - Editorial: Somatostatin and diabetes. PMID- 49522 TI - Editorial: Can herpes simplex encephalitis be treated? PMID- 49523 TI - Editorial: Salt and hypertension. PMID- 49524 TI - Editorial: No childhood. PMID- 49525 TI - Editorial: Chemical pathology-any future? PMID- 49526 TI - Editorial: Streptozotocin for pancreatic cholera.'. PMID- 49527 TI - The quality of life on maintenance haemodialysis. AB - Eighteen haemodialysis patients were interviewed in order to rate their quality of life. The data revealed a striking change in the life of most patients compared with the period before illness. Most patients had severe loss in income and for many family life deteriorated. Emotional adaptation tended to be successful in those patients before their illness. Ratings of quality of life of "good" were given to only six patients, "fair" to five, and "poor" to seven. Women seem to enjoy a better adaptation to life maintained by haemodialysis than men. PMID- 49528 TI - Milk for babies. PMID- 49529 TI - Letter: Anatomy and medicine 1975. PMID- 49530 TI - Letter: Prognosis for anatomy. PMID- 49531 TI - Letter: Dane particles in homogenates of mosquitoes fed with HBsAg-positive human blood. PMID- 49532 TI - Letter: Carbenoxolone and gastric secretion. PMID- 49533 TI - Letter: Ultrasound in diagnosis of spina bifida. PMID- 49534 TI - Letter: Risk factors after coronary thrombosis. PMID- 49535 TI - Letter: Adriamycin and longitudinal pigmented banding of fingernails. PMID- 49536 TI - Letter: Cytogenetic evidence of in-vivo leukaemic transformation of engrafted marrow cells. PMID- 49537 TI - Letter: Reye's syndrome of children and the fatty-liver-and-kidney syndrome of chickens. PMID- 49538 TI - Letter: Platelets in human urine? PMID- 49539 TI - Letter: Easier chest aspiration. PMID- 49540 TI - Letter: Role of catecholamines in arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 49541 TI - Letter: The cumulative cost of death. PMID- 49542 TI - Letter: Career preferences of 1973 graduates. PMID- 49543 TI - Letter: Mortality from lung cancer. PMID- 49544 TI - Letter: Treatment of herpes infection with human exogenous interferon. PMID- 49545 TI - Letter: Phenotypic variation in alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency. PMID- 49546 TI - Letter: T.R.H. response as screening for specific antidepressant therapy. PMID- 49547 TI - Letter: Dietary bran, gum, and blood cholesterol: a role for hydroxycitrate? PMID- 49548 TI - Letter: Small-intestinal histology in coeliac disease. PMID- 49549 TI - Letter: Determination of formiminoglutamic acid by ion-exchange chromatography. PMID- 49550 TI - Letter: Second malignancies in treated Hodgkin's patients and splenectomy. PMID- 49551 TI - Letter: A breast carcinoma dependent on human placental lactogen. PMID- 49552 TI - Letter: Joint infection by Pasteurella multocida. PMID- 49553 TI - Letter: Chronic low-level lead exposure and mental retardation. PMID- 49554 TI - Letter: Chronic rashes in congenital rubella: isolation of virus from skin. PMID- 49555 TI - Letter: Rarity of cervical cancer in the Malaysian Orang Asli. PMID- 49556 TI - Letter: Spring-loaded lavatory seat for the disabled. PMID- 49557 TI - Letter; Endothelial fenestrations in cellular blue naevus and halo naevus. PMID- 49558 TI - Letter: Headbox neck sleeve for continuous positive airway pressure. PMID- 49559 TI - The infant's self-regulation of food intake and weight gain. Difference in metabolic balance after growth constraint or acceleration in utero. AB - Methods of infant feeding, volume of milk intake, the introduction of solid supplements, and weight gain since birth have been studied in 191 babies at the age of 2 months. There were four groups: a hospital sample infants born to women who had been hypertensive during pregnancy, and infants who had been small-for dates (S.F.D.) or large-for-dates (L.F.D.) at birth. Among bottle-feeders, S.F.D. infants took significantly more milk per kilogramme body-weight than infants in the hospital sample and hypertensive series; L.F.D. infants took significantly less. Within each group there was a negative correlation between actual weight at 2 months and milk intake per kilogramme body-weight. These findings are at variance with previous studies made on normal babies. Mean weight gain per kilogramme birth-weight per day was significantly increased in the S.F.D. series and reduced in the L.F.D. series compared with the hospital sample. Although mean milk intake per day at the age of 2 months was less for S.F.D. babies than for L.F.D. babies, mean weight gain per day was greater for S.F.D babies. In both extreme groups there was a tendency for breast-fed babies to revert towards the median faster than bottle-fed babies. These feeding and growth patterns of S.F.D. and L.F.D. babies suggest that there are powerful self-regulatory controls within the infant, and that the metabolic balance of S.F.D. infants is different from that of L.F.D. infants in the early postnatal months. PMID- 49560 TI - A double-blind trial of patient-controlled nitrous-oxide/oxygen analgesia in myocardial infarction. AB - The analgesic effect of self-administered nitrous oxide 50%/oxygen 50% ('Entonox" analgesic apparatus) was compared with air given by the same method in a double blind trial in 81 patients with myocardial infarction. Self-administered nitrous oxide/oxygen, which was associated with a low frequency of side-effects, proved significantly more effective than air in the early relief of severe cardiac pain, but not in the relief of moderate or slight pain or when administration was continued after ten minutes. PMID- 49561 TI - Sucrose in oral therapy for cholera and related diarrhoeas. AB - Sucrose was tested as a possible alternative to glucose in oral diarrhoea therapy. Eighteen patients were given oral sucrose plus electrolytes as a maintenance solution. Fifteen of these patients could be maintained using this solution, but three developed massive increases in net fluid losses with increases in plasma specific gravity, necessitating termination of oral therapy. Twelve patients tested all had significant concentrations of stool reducing sugar. The data contrast with the rarity of treatment failures of oral glucose electrolyte solutions. Glucose, therefore, is preferable to sucrose for oral therapy of diarrhoeal diseases. PMID- 49562 TI - Alcohol intoxication and serum osmolality. AB - The relation between serum osmolality and blood-alcohol was studied prospectively in 565 acute trauma patients. The two measurements were closely correlated. It is therefore possible to estimate the blood-alcohol from serum osmolality to assist in the clinical management of acutely injured patients. PMID- 49563 TI - Vitamin-D status in long-stay geriatric patients. AB - Very low concentrations of plasma-25-hydroxycholecalciferol, 25(OH) D3, were found in patinets in a long-stay geriatric hospital. PMID- 49564 TI - A biological role for the major histocompatibility antigens. AB - A central function of the major histo-compatibility (H) antigens may be to signal changes in self to the immune system. Virus-induced modification of strong transplantation antigens apparently results in recognition by thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells), with subsequent clonal expansion and immune elimination of cells bearing non-self determinants. The extreme genetic polymorphism found in the major H antigen systems of higher vertebrates may reflect evolutionary pressure exerted by this immunological surveillance mechanism. PMID- 49565 TI - Editorial: Rapid diagnosis of virus diseases. PMID- 49566 TI - Transposons. PMID- 49567 TI - Editorial: Overtime. PMID- 49568 TI - Editorial: Oesophageal cancer in China. PMID- 49569 TI - Editorial: Nephrology: Florence. PMID- 49570 TI - Editorial: Oral contraceptives and liver tumours. PMID- 49571 TI - Editorial: Colposcopy. PMID- 49572 TI - The hazards of bulk oxygen delivery systems. AB - Many hospitals throughout the world obtain oxygen from a supply of bulk liquid oxygen which is delivered throughout the hospital via pipelines. An incident in which, through a series of malfunctions, dangerously high pressure developed in the hospital oxygen pipeline is described. The oxygen delivery systen described lacked a relief valve to vent excessive pressures. In North America such a relief valve is required on all oxygen delivery systems. An alarm system is also required which detects rises in pipeline pressures. Regulations in the U.K. do not provide for pressure-relief valves on liquid oxygen pipeline systems. In the U.K. there is also no regulation on alarms to warn of high pipeline pressures. High-pressure accidents are a real threat to patients and hospital staff unless proper safeguards are built into oxygen delivery systems. PMID- 49573 TI - Letter: Short-course chemotherapy in tuberculosis. PMID- 49574 TI - Letter: Talc contamination of surgical gloves. PMID- 49575 TI - Letter: Cooperation between doctor and nurse. PMID- 49576 TI - Letter: Management and advice at the grass roots. PMID- 49577 TI - Letter: The melancholy of anatomy. PMID- 49578 TI - Letter: Masked primary (or tertiary) hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 49579 TI - Letter: Medical care of childhood leukaemia. PMID- 49580 TI - Letter: Fish and shellfish hygiene. PMID- 49581 TI - Letter: Improving the bioavailability of digoxin. PMID- 49582 TI - Letter: Fasting serum-gastrin in chronic gastritis. PMID- 49583 TI - Letter: Renin and filtration fraction in essential hypertension. PMID- 49584 TI - Letter: Crohn's disease and anaerobic organisms. PMID- 49585 TI - Letter: Hayfever and corticosteriods. PMID- 49586 TI - Letter: High blood-pressure and cancer. PMID- 49587 TI - Letter: Metabolism of vinyl chloride. PMID- 49588 TI - Letter: Amines, anticonvulsants, and epilepsy. PMID- 49589 TI - Letter: Somatostatin and insulinoma. PMID- 49590 TI - Letter: Child poisoning and tablet containers. PMID- 49591 TI - Letter: Herpesvirus infection and cancer. PMID- 49592 TI - Letter: Plasma iron and iron-binding capacity. PMID- 49593 TI - Letter: Permanent renal damage with rifampicin. PMID- 49594 TI - Letter: Breast cancer associated with administration of spironolactone. PMID- 49595 TI - Letter: Hepatitis-B-virus infection and active chronic hepatitis. PMID- 49596 TI - Letter: Dose intervals for procainamide. PMID- 49597 TI - Letter: Curious curd. PMID- 49598 TI - Letter: D-penicillamine and haemolytic adaemia. PMID- 49599 TI - Letter: Factor-VIII complex and endothelial damage. PMID- 49600 TI - Obituary: Douglas James Guthrie. PMID- 49601 TI - Frequency of ischaemic exercise E.C.G. Changes in symptom-free men with various forms of primary hyperlipaemia. AB - Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were measured in approximately 12,000 men attending a screening centre. 130 symptom-free men (aged thirty-five to sixty five) were selected from the top 2% with the highest lipid values. They, and 59 normolipaemic controls, were studied by recording electrocardiograms (E.C.G.) before and during exercise. The frequency of so-called ischaemic E.C.G. changes (ST-segment depressions Minnesota code 4.1-4.4) increased with age both in controls and in the hyperlipaemic group. Ischaemic E.C.G. changes were significantly more common in all types of hyperlipaemia (types IIA, IIB, III, and IV) than in controls. The high frequency of the exercise E.C.G. changes in symptom-free hyperlipaemic men reinforces the argument for early treatment of hyperlipaemia to prevent ischaemic heart-disease. PMID- 49602 TI - Schizophrenia, epilepsy, cancer, methionine, and folate metabolism. Pathogenesis of schizophrenia. PMID- 49603 TI - Leaving a balloon-tip catheter in the bileduct at duodenoscopy. A new technique for sequential collection of pure bile in man. PMID- 49604 TI - Editorial: Epitaph for global malaria eradication? PMID- 49605 TI - Editorial: Immunology of liver disease. PMID- 49606 TI - Editorial: High living in Ethiopia. PMID- 49607 TI - Editorial: Straining, sitting, and squatting at stool. PMID- 49608 TI - Editorial: Nottingham now. PMID- 49609 TI - Editorial: Ainhum. PMID- 49610 TI - Editorial: Less of a building, more of a life. PMID- 49611 TI - A day-surgery programme for children incorporating anaesthetic outpatient clinic. AB - A day-surgery programme for children incorporating an outpatient anaesthetic assessment clinic was welcomed by parents and general practitioners and resulted in better deployment of hospital resources. It is suggested that the difficulties usually associated with day-case surgery can be reduced by holding an outpatient assessment clinic a few days before operation. PMID- 49612 TI - Patient delay. Some observations on medical claims to certainty. PMID- 49613 TI - Letter: The doctor in the hospital laboratory. PMID- 49614 TI - Letter: Angiosarcoma of the liver as the certified cause of death 1963-73. PMID- 49615 TI - Letter: Treatment of spina bifida. PMID- 49616 TI - Letter: Coxsackie B4 virus infection and diabetes. PMID- 49617 TI - Letter: Magnesium and myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 49618 TI - Letter: Lipid in atherosclerosis. PMID- 49619 TI - Letter: Risk factors after coronary thrombosis. PMID- 49620 TI - Letter: Conscious and subconscious control of blood-pressure. PMID- 49621 TI - Letter: Subclinical tropical enteropathy. PMID- 49622 TI - Letter: Treatment of primary hypertension. PMID- 49623 TI - Letter: Phagocytosis in chronic granulomatous disease. PMID- 49624 TI - Letter: Indoramin in prevention of migraine. PMID- 49625 TI - Letter: Linoleic acid as an immunosuppressive agent. PMID- 49626 TI - Letter: Immunological control of fertility. PMID- 49627 TI - Letter: Circulating IgE levels in patients with cancer. PMID- 49628 TI - Letter: Care of handicapped children. PMID- 49629 TI - Letter: Design of anaesthesia apparatus. PMID- 49630 TI - Letter: Bacterial culture of jejunal mucosa in childhood caeliac disease. PMID- 49631 TI - Letter: Virus-like particles in jejunal mucosa. PMID- 49632 TI - Diet, bowel behaviour, and disease. PMID- 49633 TI - Letter: Retinal spectroscopy. PMID- 49634 TI - Letter: The cost of death. PMID- 49635 TI - Letter: Drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 49636 TI - Letter: Localisation of human gene for galactose-1-phosphate-uridyltransferase. PMID- 49637 TI - Letter: Hypophosphataemia in Reye's syndrome. PMID- 49638 TI - Immunological abnormalities in splenic atrophy. AB - Multiple immunological abnormalities have been demonstrated in fourteen patients with evidence in the blood-film of hyposplenism due to splenic atrophy. Reduction in spleen size was confirmed radiologically, and impairment of phagocytosis by the spleen was demonstrated by studying the survival and fate of chemically damaged autologous red blood-cells. Eight of the patients had intestinal malabsorption, and there was a high frequency of autoimmune disease in the remainder. Although patients with splenic atrophy showed little evidence of impairment of normal immune responses, there was a high frequency of autoantibody formation. There is thus an association between widespread immunological disturbances, notably autoimmunity, and splenic atrophy. PMID- 49639 TI - Letter: Splenic lymphocytes in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. PMID- 49640 TI - Letter: Evidence of exposure to hepatitis-B surface antigen in a burns unit. PMID- 49641 TI - Letter: Gluten and myasthenia gravis. PMID- 49642 TI - Letter: Isolation of myxovirus-like agent from baboons. PMID- 49643 TI - Letter: Blood pressure reading. PMID- 49644 TI - Letter: Day-transfusion centre for thalassaemics. PMID- 49645 TI - Letter: Superoxide dismutase in Down syndrome. PMID- 49646 TI - Obituary: William Stuart McRae Craig. PMID- 49647 TI - Photon absorptiometric analysis of bone density in primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - The density of bone in the distal third of the radius was measured in 13 men and 17 women with primary hyperparathyroidism. The bone density was significantly reduced (as compared to age-matched controls) in 7 of 11 postmenopausal women. However, it was reduced in only 2 of 13 men and in 1 of 6 premenopausal women. Thus, most of the postmenopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism had low bone density, whereas most men and premenopausal women with this condition had normal bone density. The results support the conclusion that oestrogen deficiency may contribute to the development of bone disease by sensitising bone to the action of parathyroid hormone. PMID- 49648 TI - Antibody to hepatitis-B core antigen in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma. AB - Antibody to hepatitis-B core antigen (anti-HBc) was assayed in the serum of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (P.H.C.) and controls from Hong Kong, West Africa, and the United States. In each region the prevalence of anti-HBc was higher in P.H.C. patients than in controls, ranging from 70 to 95% in the patients and from 20 to 68% in the controls from Asia and Africa; 24% of P.H.C. patients and 4% of controls from the U.S. had anti-HBc. These data support the hypothesis that chronic infection with hepatitis-B virus is aetiologically related to P.H.C., especially in Asia and Africa, although other factors must also be involved. PMID- 49649 TI - Prevention of fatal postoperative pulmonary embolism by low doses of heparin. An international multicentre trial. AB - The efficacy of low-dose heparin in preventing fatal postoperative pulmonary embolism has been investigated in a multicentre prospective randomised trial. 4121 patients over the age of forty years undergoing a variety of elective major surgical procedures were included in the trial; 2076 of these were in the control group and 2045 patients received heparin. The two groups were well matched for age, sex, weight, blood-group, and other factors which could predispose to the development of venous thromboembolism. 180 (4-4 %) patients died during the postoperative period, 100 in the control and 80 in the heparin group: 72% of deaths in the control and 66% in the heparin group had necropsy examination. 16 patients in the control group and 2 in the heparin group were found at necropsy to have died due to acute massive pulmonary embolism (P smaller than 0-005). In addition, emboli found at necropsy in 6 patients in the control group and 3 in the heparin group were considered either contributory to death or an incidental finding since death in these patients was attributed to other causes. Taking all pulmonary emboli together, the findings were again significant (P smaller than 0 005). Of 1292 patients in whom the 125-I-fibrinogen test was performed to detect deep-vein thrombosis (D.V.T.) 667 were in the control group and 625 in the heparin group. The frequency of isotopic D.V.T. was reduced from 24-6% in the control group 7-7% in the heparin group (P smaller 0-005). In 30 patients D.V.T. was detected at necropsy; 24 in the control and 6 in the heparin group (P smaller 0-005). 32 patients in the control group and 11 in the heparin group developed clinically diagnosed D.V.T. which was confirmed by venography (P smaller than 0 005). In addition, 24 patients in the control and 8 in the heparin group were treated for clinically suspected pulmonary emoblism. The difference in the number of patients requiring treatment for D.V.T. and/or pulmonary embolism in the two groups was again significant (P smaller than 0-005). 9 patients were found at necropsy to have died from haemorrhage; 5 were in the control and 4 in the heparin group. A careful objective analysis of operative and postoperative bleeding in 1475 patients showed no statistically significant difference in the blood-transfusion requirements or in the fall in the postoperative haemoglobin level either in the individual operative groups or in the group as a whole. However, the difference in the number of patients who developed wound haematoma in the heparin and control groups was significant (P smaller 0-01). The results of the trial indicate that this form of prophylaxis can now be recommended for use on a large scale in "high-risk" patients undergoing major surgery. PMID- 49650 TI - Serum fibrin(ogen) degradation products in diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after hip surgery. AB - Levels of fibrin(ogen) degradation products (F.D.P.) have been measured by radioimmunoassay for degradation product E (FgE) and by tanned-red-cell haemagglutination-inhibition immunoassay (T.R.C.H.I.I.) in the serum of thirty three patients undergoing total hip replacement. Levels of F.D.P. did not correlate with thermographic evidence of deep-venous thrombosis. However, in 34 patients with pulmonary embolism, levels of F.D.P. measured by the T.R.C.H.I.I. were transiently raised at the time of embolus, and FgE concentrations were increased for up to 5 days preceding the embolus. Since the measurments of FgE is simple, convenient, and cheap, this estimation might constitute a valuable screening test for major thromboembolic episodes in the postoperative period. PMID- 49651 TI - Serial determinations of human placental lactogen in the management of diabetic pregnancy. AB - Serial human placental lactogen (H.P.L.) determinations were carried out in 98 diabetic women during the third trimester of pregnancy. H.P.L. levels were consistently higher than those in normal pregnant women. When patients were classified according to the severity of their diabetes (White classification), no significant differences in H.P.L. were detected between groups. Changes in blood sugar during the day did not affect H.P.L. readings, and insulin requirements during pregnancy could not be related to H.P.L. levels. 10 pregnancies ended in fetal death, and in 4 of them H.P.L. levels were persistently below 4 mug. per ml. Of these 4 infants only 1, whose intrauterine death remains unexplained, could have been saved, 2 having fatal malformations and another infant having died during an episode of maternal ketoacidosis. Among the 6 unsuccessful pregnancies in which H.P.L. levels were greater than 4 mug. per ml., congenital malformations accounted for 5 losses and hyaline-membrane disease for a single neonatal death. These results indicate that H.P.L. determinations probably have a very limited role in the successful management of diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 49652 TI - Intravenous urography in investigation of hypertension. AB - Eighty intravenous pyelograms, carried out as part of the routine investigation of hypertension, revealed only one unsuspected renal lesion of possible relevance to the long-term management. Such a low therapeutic return, in the light of its cost and not entirely negligible risk, raises doubts about the place of excretion urography amongst the screening tests aimed at discovering tractable underlying causes of hypertension. PMID- 49653 TI - A model for gastric cancer epidemiology. AB - It is postulated that one major subtype of gastric carcinoma ("intestinal type") is the end- result of a series of mutations and cell transformation begun in the first decade of life. The mutagen could be a nitroso compound synthesised in the upper gastrointestinal tract by the action of nitrite (i.e., from food or saliva) on naturally occurring nitrogen compounds. Under normal conditions these nitroso compounds do not reach the gastric epithelial cell, presumably because their synthesis is inhibited by antioxidants present in food or because of their inability to pass the mucous barrier. The barrier may be overcome by abrasives or irritants such as hard grains, food with high sodium-chloride concentration, or surfactants. Once the first mutation occurs, the glandular gastric epithelium is gradually changed to intestinal-type epithelium, the mucous barrier altered, and the pH elevated. Under these conditions, bacteria proliferate in the gastric cavity and facilitate the conversion of nitrates to nitrites, thereby increasing the nitrite pool and the probability of formation of mutagenic-carcinogenic nitroso compounds. This process of gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia goes on for 30 to 50 years until some of the individuals affected have the final mutation or cell transformation which allows the cell to become autonomous and invade other tissues. PMID- 49654 TI - Immunological basis for latency, recurrences and putative oncogenicity of herpes simplex virus. AB - The development of latency and recurrent infection after primary herpes simplex virus (H.S.V.) infection can be interpreted in terms of cell-mediated and antibody responses to virus-specific antigens and Fc receptors on the surface of the infected cells. Primary infection will induce immune responses to the virus, and antibody and cell-dependent cytotoxic mechanisms will kill most of the virus and virus-infected cells which are accessible to killer cells. H.S.V. will be sequestrated to the nerves and will migrate centripetally along the axons to the trigeminal or sensory ganglia. Latency in the trigeminal ganglion may be mediated by IgG antibodies binding to both H.S.V. antigens and Fc receptors. Derepression of the viral genome may be induced by factors which weaken the binding of antibodies to the antigen and Fc receptor; the virus will replicate and migrate centrifugally along the axon, to be shed at the nerve endings. In the presence of some defect in T lymphocytes, acting at the neuroepithelial junction, a recurrent herpetic lesion will be precipitated. There is some evidence that H.S.V. may be associated with squamous-cell carcinoma, and it is postulated that the enhanced cell-mediated and antibody responses to H.S.V. may destroy cells containing the viral genome but allow the emergence of an oncogenic genome. Double binding of the Fc receptor and H.S.V. antigen by IgG antibodies or immune complexes on the surface of carcinoma cells may prevent killing and allow these cells to proliferate into invasive tumours. PMID- 49655 TI - Editorial: Prevention of postoperative thromboembolism. PMID- 49656 TI - Editorial: Non-A, non-B? PMID- 49657 TI - Editorial: Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae meningitis. PMID- 49658 TI - Editorial: Intravenous urography in hypertension. PMID- 49659 TI - Editorial: Change for the better? PMID- 49660 TI - Editorial: New looks at lymph-nodes. PMID- 49661 TI - Editorial: Elemental diets. PMID- 49662 TI - Sulphone resistance in leprosy. A review of one hundred proven clinical cases. AB - An account is given of the first hundred consecutive proven cases of sulphone resistance in leprosy, detected in Malaysia between 1963 and 1974. Proof of resistance was clinical in eighty patients and was obtained by drug-sensitivity testing in mice in ninety-six patients; 76 cases were proved both clinically and experimentally, and there was no discrepancy between the two methods. Sulphone resistance was confined to patients with lepromatous-type leprosy--i.e., patients with a large bacterial population. Clinical evidence of relapse due to drug resistance appeared 5-24 years after the start of sulphone treatment. Low dosage favoured the appearance of resistance; therefore regular treatment of lepromatous leprosy with dapsone in full dosage is recommended. The attainment of "skin smears negative for leprosy bacilli" is no test of cure of lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 49663 TI - Letter: Chemical factors in aetiology of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 49664 TI - Letter: The teaching of anatomy. PMID- 49665 TI - Letter: An assistant in the house? PMID- 49666 TI - Letter: Cost of travelling to specialist centres. PMID- 49667 TI - Letter: The doctor in the hospital laboratory. PMID- 49668 TI - Letter: D-penicillamine-induced nephropathy. PMID- 49669 TI - Letter: Grey-scale ultrasonography for monitoring industrial exposure to hepatotoxic agents. PMID- 49670 TI - Letter: Possible T-cell origin of lymphoblasts in acid-phosphatase-positive acute lymphatic leukaemia. PMID- 49671 TI - Letter: Possible toxic water factor in coronary heart-disease. PMID- 49672 TI - Letter: Survival after submersion. PMID- 49673 TI - Letter: Potassium supplementation of thiazide therapy. PMID- 49674 TI - Letter: Short-course triple chemotherapy for tuberculosis. PMID- 49675 TI - Letter: No childhood. PMID- 49676 TI - Letter: Virus-like particles in calves' faeces. PMID- 49677 TI - Letter: Rotavirus infections in a maternity unit. PMID- 49678 TI - Letter: Rapid diagnosis of virus infections. PMID- 49679 TI - Letter: Laboratory diagnosis of typhoid fever. PMID- 49680 TI - Letter: Fatty-acid oxidation in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 49681 TI - Letter: Equivocal amniotic A.F.P. levels associated with open spina bifida. PMID- 49682 TI - Letter: Bone-marrow cells resistant to chloramphenicol in chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anaemia. PMID- 49683 TI - Letter: Abnormal haemoglobins in south-east Staffordshire. PMID- 49684 TI - Letter: Finger clubbing. PMID- 49685 TI - Letter: Vitamins and oral contraceptives. PMID- 49686 TI - Letter: Side-effects of perphenazine. PMID- 49687 TI - Letter: Thyroid-stimulating hormone and endemic goitre. PMID- 49689 TI - Letter: Piped medical-gas systems. PMID- 49688 TI - Letter: Medical care of childhood leukaemia. PMID- 49690 TI - Letter: Polymeric type-III collagen in inflamed human synovia. PMID- 49691 TI - Letter: Postoperative thrombosis in Thai women. PMID- 49692 TI - Letter: Women in medicine: Mrs. Castle's conference. PMID- 49693 TI - Obituary: Werner Schulemann. PMID- 49694 TI - Robert Atwood Beaver. PMID- 49695 TI - Edward G. Slesinger. PMID- 49696 TI - Hypersecretion and length of history in duodenal ulceration. AB - Maximal gastric secretion, measured by the histamine-infusion test, was, as expected, significantly greater in a group of 81 patients with duodenal ulcer than in a group of 72 controls. After standardising for the effect of stature on maximal secretion, only 24 of the patients were found to be true hypersecretors. However, maximal secretion in the ulcer group increased with length of history of symptoms, and extrapolation back to zero length of history suggested that there was no significant hypersecretion at that time. These facts support the hypothesis that it is the presence of the ulcer that leads to hypersecretion rather than the converse. Possible mechanisms involved are chronic ingestion of antacids to counter dyspepsia, or gastric distension due to pylorospasm. PMID- 49697 TI - Pituitary function after treatment of intracranial tumours in children. AB - Pituitary-function tests have been done in twenty-seven patients at various times after treatment in childhood for intracranial tumours not directly involving the hypothalamic-pituitary region. Impaired growth hormone (G.H.) responses to hypoglycaemia and 'Bovril' were found in ten children. There seeems to be progressive impairment in G.H. production with time after treatment. During the first 3 months after neurosurgery no child was found to be G.H. deficient, but the peak G.H. response of this group seemed to be blunted when compared with a control group of children who had been treated for abdominal tumours. The rest of anterior-pituitary function in G.H.-deficient children seems quite normal except for a significantly greater basal thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.) level and T;S.H. response after thyrotrophin-releasing hormone. Two girls have developed secondary amenorrhoea, and one is G.H. deficient. PMID- 49698 TI - Fetal blood drawing. AB - A small sample of fetal blood suitable for studies of haemoglobin synthesis was obtained from a placental vessel under endoscopic visualisation in 23 of 26 patients in whom the procedure was attempted prior to second-trimester abortion. Fetal blood loss, calculated in 23 cases, was between 0-2 ml. and 2-5 ml., and fetal blood-volume depletion varied from 0-5% to 15%. No short-term ill-effects were demonstrated in mother or fetus in any of 16 patients in whom the injection of aborti-facient was postponed for between 16 and 24 hours after the procedure. PMID- 49700 TI - Editorial: Haemorheology, blood-flow and venous thrombosis. PMID- 49699 TI - Hepatitis-B virus and Indian childhood cirrhosis. AB - The surface and core componenets of hepatitis-B virus have not been detected in livers of patients suffering from Indian childhood cirrhosis using procedures such as immunoperoxidase, immunofluorescence, and orcein staining as well as electronmicroscopy. This finding, together with the other features of the disease, suggests that infection by this virus plays no significant role in the aetiology of Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 49701 TI - Editorial: Recurrent haematuria in children and young adults. PMID- 49702 TI - Letter: Mimicry in Crohn's disease. PMID- 49703 TI - Editorial: Giving up smoking. PMID- 49704 TI - Editorial: Inflation and the N.H.S. PMID- 49705 TI - Editorial: Nomenclature of congenital limb deficiencies. PMID- 49706 TI - Meningococcal infections in Bolton, 1971-74. AB - Between December 1970, and the end of June, 1974, there were 82 cases of meningococcal infection, including 14 deaths, in the metropolitan borough of Bolton. This outbreak, caused by a sulphonamide-sensitive group-B strain, was characterised by a high attack-rate in young children, reaching a peak of 184 per 100,000 per year in the 6-11-month age-group. All the deaths were in children under 3 years of age. Nasopharyngeal carriage of the epidemic strain was found in 34% of close family contacts investigated before receiving sulphonamide prophylaxis. PMID- 49707 TI - Fulminant meningococcal septicaemia. A hospital experience. AB - In the first 5 months of 1975, 12 cases of meningococcal septicaemia were seen at a children's hospital where in previous years the condition was seen only sporadically. 3 of these children were dead on admission, 5 died shortly after admission, and 4 responded to treatment. Neisseria meningitidis was recovered from cerebrospinal fluid or blood or both in all cases, and the clinical illness was characterised by fever, prostration, and cutaneous purpura of abrupt onset. There were no significant previous illnesses, no recognisable prodromata, and, bacteriology apart, no pattern of laboratory results. There was a suggestion of centre-city clustering in the home background, although 2 of the patients came from rural areas. At necropsy gross adrenal haemorrhage was found in 6 of the 8 fatal cases, and upper gastrointestinal bleeds in the 5 deaths which were not sudden. PMID- 49708 TI - Letter: Viruses in infantile gastroenteritis. PMID- 49709 TI - Letter: Rotavirus infections in obstetric hospitals. PMID- 49710 TI - Letter: The doctor in the hospital laboratory. PMID- 49711 TI - Letter: Viral antibodies in thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 49712 TI - Letter: Planned delivery. PMID- 49713 TI - Letter: Research on children. PMID- 49714 TI - Letter: Home blood-pressure recording. PMID- 49715 TI - Letter: Oral contraceptives and liver tumours. PMID- 49716 TI - Letter: Plumbing and bowel habit. PMID- 49717 TI - Letter: Combined dietary vitamin-B 12 deficiency and beta-thalassaemia trait. PMID- 49718 TI - Letter: Hyperpigmentation after cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 49719 TI - Letter: Linoleic acid and transplantation. PMID- 49720 TI - Letter: Chemotherapy of advanced histiocytic lymphomas. PMID- 49721 TI - Letter: N.B.T. test and SLE. PMID- 49722 TI - Letter: Medical aid to developing countries. PMID- 49723 TI - Letter: Increase in fracture of the femur in the elderly. PMID- 49724 TI - Letter: Twin glomeruli. PMID- 49725 TI - Letter: Breast cancer. PMID- 49726 TI - Letter: Ainhum. PMID- 49727 TI - Letter: Hormone replacement therapy. PMID- 49728 TI - Letter: Psychosurgery on trial. PMID- 49729 TI - Letter: Small-intestinal histology in coeliac disease. PMID- 49730 TI - Letter: Amantadine in chorea. PMID- 49731 TI - Letter: Effect of bran on blood-lipids. PMID- 49732 TI - Letter: Doppler ultrasound and fetal hazard. PMID- 49733 TI - Letter: Word reversal during phenytoin therapy. PMID- 49734 TI - Letter: Catecholamines in arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 49735 TI - Ian Chalmers Gilliland. PMID- 49736 TI - Cardiac and pulmonary effects of acebutolol. AB - In a double-blind randomised study, single intravenous doses of propranolol (0-1 mg. per kg.), practolol (1 mg. per kg.), acebutolol (1 mg. per kg.), or placebo were each administered at weekly intervals to six healthy volunteers. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (F.E.V.1), resting and exercise heart-rate, and resting and exercise peak flow-rate (P.F.R.) were determined before and at 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours after each treatment. Venous blood-samples were also obtained at these times. Compared with placebo, resting heart-rate was reduced after all three drugs, but the corresponding differences in exercise heart-rate were much greater, more consistent, and of greater statistical significance. At 2, 3, and 4 hours when acebutolol and propranolol produced equivalent cardiac beta-blocking activity (judged by reductions in exercise heart-rate), their mean plasma concentratios were in the ratio of about 8/1; and at 2 hours when practolol and acebutolol gave rise to almost equivalent cardiac beta blockade, their mean plasma concentratio ration was 3/1. At times, reductions in F.E.V.1 and resting P.F.R. after propranolol (but not after practolol or acebutolol) were significantly greater than the corresponding changes after placebo. The reductions in exercies P.F.R. after propranolol (6 hours) and acebutolol (4 hours) (but not after practolol) were significantly greater than the changes after placebo. Changes in F.E.V.1, resting and exercise P.F.R. after propranolol, and the corresponding changes after practolol, were significantly different, all of which confirmed that practolol was more cardioselective than propranolo. In general, the reductions in F.E.V.1 and resting P.F.R. after acebutolol were slightly smaller than after propranolol, excepting at 6 hours when the difference between them was significant. The reductions in exercise P;F.R. after acebutolol and propranolol were of the same order, there being no significant differences between the two, whereas the reductions after acebutolol were clearly greater than the corresponding changes after practolol, the differences being significant at 2, 3, and 4 hours. PMID- 49737 TI - Randomised controlled trial of yoga and bio-feedback in management of hypertension. AB - 34 hypertensive patients were assigned at random either to six weeks' treatment by yoga relaxation methods with bio-feedback or to placebo therapy (general relaxation). Both groups showed a reduction in blood-pressure (from 168/100 to 141/84 mm. Hg in the treated group and from 169/101 to 160/96 mm Hg in the control group). The difference was highly significant. The control group was then trained in yoga relaxation, and their blood-pressure fell to that of the other group (now used as controls). PMID- 49738 TI - The curability of breast cancer. AB - Results are presented of a long-term follow-up of patients with breast cancer seen in the Cambridge area from 1947 to 1950. After 21 years the survival curve of the breast-cancer patients runs parallel to the expected survival curve of a similar normal population. This suggests that 18% of all the breast-cancer patients may be regarded as cured of their disease in the sense defined by Easson and Russell. An analysis of the causes of death in the study group after 20 years' follow-up shows an excess of deaths from breast cancer. The number is 16 times more than would be expected in the normal population, although the overall death-rates in the two groups are the same. This questions the concept of cure. PMID- 49739 TI - Autoantibodies to prolactin-secreting cells of human pituitary. AB - A new autoantibody which reacted with anterior-pituitary tissue was deteected by immunofluorescent staining. Of 287 patients having one or more autoimmune endocrine diseases, sera from 19 reacted with pituitary glands obtained at hypophysectomy for breast cancer. Using specific rabbit antibodies to each of the six pituitary hormones and rhodamine-labelled goat-anti-rabbit-immunoglobulin (Ig) followed on the same unfixed cryostat section by a patients's serum counterstained with fluorescein-conjugated sheep-anti-human-Ig, it was posssible to show that the autoantibodies reacted specifically with the hypertrophied prolactin cells in these glands. The antibodies, belonging to the 3 main Ig classes, were complement fixing, with titres varying from 1 to 80. Double staining of prolactin cells and analogy with other autoimmune systems suggested that the antigen is in cytoplasmic organelles involved in the synthesis or delivery of the hormone. No pituitary antibodies were found in panhypopituitary cases, but there are indications that antibodies to other pituitary cells exist in some sera and that an autoimmune process may account for some cases of isolated pituitary hormone defects occurring in adult life. PMID- 49740 TI - Integrated programme of dialysis and renal transplantation. Results in 155 patients. AB - 155 patients were referred for treatment of irreversible renal failure between Jan. 1, 1970, and Oct. 31, 1974. 8 (5%) patients were not accepted for treatment. An integrated programme of dialysis and transplantation (based on finding a cadaver transplant for every patient) has achieved an actuarial survival-rate of 88% at 1 year and 79% at 4 years. Of those surviving at 4 years, 85% are maintained by a functioning transplant. Only 4/122 transplants have been from living related donors. It is suggested that these results demonstrate that cadaveric transplantation, closely integrated with dialysis, offers an acceptable chance of life and full rehabilitation while not demanding from the community an unacceptable percentage of health resources. PMID- 49741 TI - Is "T4 toxicosis" a normal biochemical finding in elderly women? AB - The lack of equivalence in the distrubtion of normal ranges for free thyroxine index (FT4I) and free triiodothyronine index (FT3I) in the over sixty-five age group, as compared with the fifteen-sixty-five age-group, supports the idea that "T4 toxicosis" is a common biochemical finding in elderly women. The disparity between FT4I and FT3I ranges was also reflected in the true free T4 and free T3 levels which were measured in some cases. These results suggest that when an increased FT4I is found in an elderly woman with cardiac disease, caution should be exercised in interpreting the result as indicating that thyrotoxicosis is the cause of the cardiac disorder. Estimation of total T3, FT3I, or free T3 seems useful in confirming euthyroidism in such cases. PMID- 49742 TI - Arsenical air pollution and lung cancer. AB - Average mortality-rates from lung cancer for White males and females in the U.S.A. 1950-69 WERE SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED IN COUNTIES WITH COPPER, LEAD, OR ZINC SMELTING AND REFINING INDUSTRIES, BUT NOT IN COUNTIES WHERE OTHER NON FERROUS ORES ARE PROCESSED. The excess mortality was not attributed to differences in geographic region, population density, urbanisation, socioeconomic status, or other manufacturing processes. The findings suggest the influence of community air pollution from industrial emissions containing inorganic arsenic. PMID- 49743 TI - Drug-induced pseudolupus. AB - Of fifteen patients with pseudolupus (a syndrome characterised by recurrent fever, myalgia, arthralgia, pleuritis, pulmonary infiltrates, pericarditis, myocarditis, and by mitochondrial antibodies in the absence of nuclear antibodies), all had been treated with "Venocuran", one of a great number of drugs used for venous diseases. This drug, available in twenty countries under various names, contains phenopyrazone, horse-chestnut extract, and cardiac glycosides extracted from various plants. Further studies revealed that up to 90% of long-term users of venocuran acquired mitochondrial antibodies. This was not true for patients with venous diseases being treated with other drugs. About 30% of long-term users of venocuran might experience prodronal symptoms, such as myalgia and arthralgia, while more than 10% could develop the full disease. PMID- 49744 TI - Local production of specific IgE antibodies in allergic-rhinitis patients with negative skin tests. AB - A group of patients with allergic rhinitis had a clinical history strongly suggestive of house-dust-mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) allergy but negative skin reactions when prick tested with D. pteronyssinus extracts. These patients were proved to be clinically allergic by nasal provocation with this allergen. Although radioallergosorbent tests showed that these patients lacked specific IgE antibodies in their serum, they did have specific antibodies in their nasal secretions. These findings indicate that these patients had allergic rhinitis mediated by the local production of IgE antibodies. PMID- 49745 TI - Infusion thrombophlebitis and infection with various cannulas. AB - A prospective study was carried out of the frequency of thrombophlebitis and bacterial contamination of cannulas associated with four commonly used intravenous cannulas of differing length and chemical composition. For all cannulas the frequency of thrombophlebitis increased significantly with time. Long 'Teflon' cannulas were significantly more likely to be contaminated with bacteria and associated with thrombophlebitis than all other cannulas, while the low frequency of thrombophlebitis with butterfly stainless steel cannulas was shown to be due to their short duration of use. It is suggested that long teflon cannulas should be avoided and that infusion thrombophlebitis could be eliminated as a clinical problem by the use of intermittent short duration intravenous infusions. PMID- 49746 TI - Gloved hand as applicator of antiseptic to operation sites. AB - A 95% ethanol solution containing 0-5% chlorhexidine digluconate caused a significantly greater mean reduction in skin bacteria (99-9% plus or minus 0-024) when rubbed by a gloved hand on to the skin of one hand for two minutes than when applied to the same area for the same time with the traditional gauze applicator for operation sites (90-7% plus or minus 2-12). The latter reduction, however, was greater than that reported in five previous experiments in which application of the same solution for the same time to two hands gave mean reductions varying from 79% to 84%. An aqueous solution and a 70% alcoholic solution of chlorhexidine also gave significantly greater reduction (and alcoholic povidone iodine almost significantly greater reduction) when applied by a gloved hand than on gauze. It is inferred that the effectiveness of skin disinfection depends both on the antiseptic used and on the manner of application, and varies with the amount of friction used in applying the antiseptic. Further studies on disinfection of the surgeon's hands with 0-5% chlorhexidine in 95% alcohol rubbed on and allowed to dry have supported its value and acceptability; the mean bacterial counts of washings from gloves of surgeons after operations were lower after the use of this method than after other preoperative preparations of the hands. PMID- 49747 TI - Return of spermatogenesis after stopping cyclophosphamide therapy. AB - A follow-up of twenty-six male patients with azoospermia after stopping cyclophosphamide treatment showed a return of spermatogenesis in twelve patients within 15-49 months (mean 31 months). In one patient spermatogenesis returned despite 34 months of treatment with 100 mg. of cyclophosphamide daily. The period of follow-up after stopping cyclophosphamide therapy varied from 5 months to 4 years. After 6 months on cyclophosphamide all patients remained azoospermic while taking the drug. Return of spermatogenesis was not significantly associated with age, duration of cyclophosphamide therapy, total dose, or time of follow-up after stopping treatment; however, the number of patients in the study was small. PMID- 49748 TI - Reduction in severity of acute renal failure in rats by beta-adrenergic blockade. AB - The effectiveness of beta-adrenergic blockade in preventing acute renal failure (A.R.F.) in rats was studied in the hypoxia model produced by unilateral nephrectomy and clamping of the contralateral renal artery for 70 minutes. Beta adrenergic blockade effectively reduced the severity of A.R.F. in this experimental model. Treatment with a combination of propranolol and a synthetic angiotensin-II competitive inhibitor (P113) produced no further improvement. These results are consistent with the view that intrarenal release of renin is to some extent involved in the pathogenesis of A.R.F. PMID- 49749 TI - Possible stimulation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue by thyroid stimulating hormone. AB - It is suggested that in addition to stimulating the thyroid gland (i.e., the main regulator of metabolic-rate in adults) thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.) stimulates the second thermoregulatory organ (i.e., the brown adipose tissue). Brown fat functions as a thermogenic organ in hibernating animals, in newborn infants, and during cold acclimatisation. However, B.F. may persist in childhood and in some adults. Its hypertrophy in response to T.S.H. could account for certain unexplained features of myxoedema in which serum-T.S.H. is raised, such as swelling of the supraclavicular fat pad and the less commonly encountered symptoms of ascites or pericardial and pleural serous effusions which can persist for years in undiagnosed cases and respond rapidly to thyroxine when serum-T.S.H. returns to normal. Lack of thyroxine is not the cause of these features since they are not found in pituitary myxoedema, where thyroid hormone levels are as low but T.S.H. is absent. PMID- 49750 TI - Editorial: Breath tests in gastroenterology. PMID- 49751 TI - Editorial: Kidneys for transplantation. PMID- 49752 TI - Editorial: Cold agglutinins in sickle-cell crisis. PMID- 49754 TI - Editorial: Embedded toenails. PMID- 49753 TI - Editorial: Corticosteroids in acute severe asthma. PMID- 49755 TI - Editorial: Troublesome Candida. PMID- 49756 TI - Editorial: Pseudomonas vaccines. PMID- 49757 TI - Editorial: Icterus neonatorium. PMID- 49758 TI - Editorial: Pregnancy and anaesthesia. PMID- 49759 TI - Induced abortion and subsequent outcome of pregnancy. A matched cohort study. AB - The effect on subsequent pregnancy outcome related to abortion was studied in a sample of 26,000 births in Taiwan. When no adjustment was made for confounding maternal variables, significant relationships were found between previous abortion and various problems of outcome of subsequent pregnancies. However, in a matched-pair cohort study controlling for relevant maternal characteristics, all such relationships disappeared. It is concluded that the deleterious effects of abortion on subsequent pregnancy outcome reported by others may be a consequence of the failure to adjust for maternal factors which are related both to abortion status and pregnancy outcome, and not to abortion itself. PMID- 49760 TI - Early detection of false-positive acid-fast smears. An epidemiological approach. AB - An unusual series of positive acid-fast smears, including positive stains of a commercial saline solution, has been studied. Short of waiting 2--6 weeks for culture results, a laboratory investigation of these findings appeared hopeless: repeat staining failed to confirm the origin smear results, and a review of laboratory techniques and supplies failed to pinpoint any source of specimen or smear contamination. An alternative epidemiological approach was adopted. A review of the laboratory records indicated that, during the time the unusual series occurred, there had been a distinct change in the distribution of positive smears by type of specimen submitted and by ward of origin. The change in distribution indicated that the unusual series was probably part of a larger episode of false-positive acid-fast smears caused by random specimen or smear contamination in the hospital laboratory. Culture results eventually confirmed this and showed that the period of random laboratory contamination had ended just before the present investigation (thus explaining the failure of the initial approach). This experience suggests that ongoing analysis of specimen and ward distribution of positive acid-fast smear results will enable hospitals to detect episodes of false-positive smears earlier, thus reducing erroneous diagnoses and permitting prompt evaluation of sources of specimen and smear contamination. PMID- 49761 TI - What dose that make me? PMID- 49762 TI - Letter: Liver transplantation for Wilson's disease. PMID- 49764 TI - Letter: Future of chemical pathology. PMID- 49763 TI - Letter: Sulphone resistance in leprosy. PMID- 49765 TI - Letter: Differential sister-chromatid staining. PMID- 49766 TI - Letter: Hepatitis-B antigenaemia associated with active chronic hepatitis and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. PMID- 49767 TI - Letter: Aminoacids, insulin, and hepatic coma. PMID- 49768 TI - Letter: Sprue again. PMID- 49769 TI - Letter: Transposons and antibiotic resistance. PMID- 49770 TI - Letter: Human placental lactogen and diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 49771 TI - Letter: Bromocritine and serum-growth-hormone levels in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 49772 TI - Letter: Hypotension during angiotensin blockade with saralasin. PMID- 49773 TI - Letter: Medical course at the Open University. PMID- 49774 TI - Letter: Rapid diagnosis of virus infections. PMID- 49775 TI - Letter: Glycerol in cerebral oedema. PMID- 49776 TI - Letter: Asthma mortality associated with pneumothorax. PMID- 49777 TI - Letter: Effect of operating-theatre temperatures on the setting-times of acrylic cements for use in orthopaedic surgery. PMID- 49778 TI - Letter: Endemic goitre and cretinism. PMID- 49779 TI - Letter: Alpha-fetoprotein as an indicator of fetal condition. PMID- 49780 TI - Letter: Genetic effects of hyperthermia. PMID- 49781 TI - Letter: Procaine and malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 49782 TI - Letter: Rhizomelia with digital anomaly. PMID- 49784 TI - Letter: Photic fit near a helicopter. PMID- 49783 TI - Letter: Failure to cephalosporins to prevent bacterial endocarditis during labour. PMID- 49785 TI - Letter: Experimental transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 49786 TI - Letter: Breast prostheses. PMID- 49787 TI - Letter: Factor-VIII concentrate in haemophilia. PMID- 49788 TI - Letter: Prothrombin-complex concentrates in liver disease. PMID- 49789 TI - Letter: Folate-responsive schizophrenia. PMID- 49790 TI - Letter: Reversible renal concentrating defect in shock. PMID- 49791 TI - Letter: An error in recommended dose of getamicin. PMID- 49792 TI - Obituary: James Kenrick Steward. PMID- 49793 TI - Diarrhoea associated with heat-stable enterotoxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli. AB - Five patients who developed acute watery diarrhoea while travelling in Mexico in October, 1974, were found to have enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in their stool which produced heat-stable enterotoxin (S.T.) without producing heat-labile enterotoxin (L.T.). These S.T.-only E. coli, which have previously been described as causing diseases in animals, must now be regarded as pathogenic for humans as well. PMID- 49794 TI - Rotavirus enteritis in the West Midlands during 1974. AB - During 1974 in the West Midlands of England, 38% of children less than 6 years old with enteritis were excreting rotaviruses. Children aged from 6 months to 3 years were those most commonly infected. Rotavirus infections were most common during winter with only a few sporadic cases during summer. A possible pathogen was detected in 59% of patients examined. PMID- 49795 TI - Staphylococcus aureus transmitted in transplanted kidneys. AB - Staphylococcus aureus septicaemia developed shortly after transplantation in both recipients of transplanted kidneys from a donor who had received electrical burns. In each case the organism appeared initially in the urine. All staphylococci isolated were phage type 6/47/54/75. Transplant nephrectomy was necessary in both recipients because of complications of infection, and one recipient died. These results draw attention to the possible significance of Staph. aureus in the urine of recipients after transplantation and to the potential risk of transplanting kidneys from a burned donor. PMID- 49796 TI - Electrolyte disturbances in beer drinkers. A specific "hypo-osmolality syndrome". AB - A syndrome is described which affects subjects whose consumption of beer is considerable but who take no or little ordinary food. The symptoms include fatigue, dizziness, and muscular weakness; the biochemical changes are hyponatraemia and hypokalaemia. The disorder is rapidly resolved by stay in hospital. Beer is poor in Na (1-2 meq. per litre). Consequently these patients' intake of Na was low, and the production of urea was very low. PMID- 49797 TI - Serum-phenytoin levels in management of epilepsy. AB - Steady-state serum-phenytoin levels were measured in five patients whose phenytoin dosage was changed three or more times for therapeutic purposes. Data from four of these patients and from fifteen others have been used to construct a nomogram which permits the clinician, given a single, accurate, steady-state phenytoin level, to adjust the dosage to achieve the desirable therapeutic concentration of 60 or 80 mumol per litre (15 or 20 mug. per ml.). PMID- 49798 TI - C1-bypass complement-activation pathway in patients with chronic urticaria and angio-oedema. AB - During the routine screening of 152 patients with urticaria or angio-oedema for hypocomplementaemia, 4 patients were found to have low serum levels of the third component of complement (C). These patients were noteworthy and differed from previous reports of patients with urticaria-like skin lesions and hypocomplementaemia because of the absence of immune-complex disease. In addition to the low C3, 2 of these patients were unique on the basis of low serum levels of haemolytic C1, C1q, C1s, and properdin factor B, but normal concentrations of C4 and C2. These C abnormalities may reflect a new clinical entity, and these cases form the first description in man of the C1-bypass complement-activation pathway. PMID- 49799 TI - Splenectomy for haematological cytopenias in patients with malignant lymphomas. AB - Haematological cytopenias caused by increased splenic activity occurred in 86 patients with malignant lymphomas (50 patients with stage III or IV Hodgkin disease [H.D.] and 36 with non-Hodgkin lymphomas). Splenectomy was performed in 84 of these 86 patients. There was complete or partial correction of the haematological defect in 90% of the H.D. patients and 89% of the non-Hodgkin patients. Chemotherapy or radiotherapy was started after the haematological defect had been corrected by splenectomy, and as a result 79% of the H.D. patients and 75% of the non-Hodgkin patients had a complete or partial remission of their disease. Increased splenic activity should be considered as a cause of a haematological cytopenia in patients with malignant lymphomas even in those with bone-marrow involvement, since splenectomy is accompanied by excellent results in terms of disease remission with subsequent therapy. 2 patients with H.D. (4%) and 5 with non-Hodgkin lymphomas (14%) died in hospital after splenectomy. Thus the operation was associated with acceptable mortality and morbidity despite the advanced stage of disease in most cases. PMID- 49800 TI - Dichotomy between immunoglobulin synthesis by cells in gut and blood of patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia. AB - Eleven of fifteen patients with late-onset hypogammaglobulinaemia were found to have significant numbers of immunoglobulin-containing cells in the lamina propria of the gut. In six of them typical plasma cells were detected. In contrast the blood lymphocytes of only two of these patients could be induced to synthesise immunoglobulin by stimulation with pokeweed mitogen in vitro. Moreover, one patient in whom immunoglobulin-containing cells and plasma cells were detected in the rectum and jejunum failed to show similar cells in a peripheral lymph-node even after immunisation with pneumococcal polysaccharide type-III antigen in the drainage area of the node. It is possible, therefore, that the gut is a privileged site for the differentiation of B cells in these patients. PMID- 49801 TI - Thymopoietin and myasthenia gravis: neostigmine-responsive neuromuscular block produced in mice by a synthetic peptide fragment of thymopoietin. AB - Thymopoietin is the thymic hormone responsible for inducing the differentiation of thymocytes. A synthetic peptide corresponding to positions 29-41 of bovine thymopoietin II, which can reproduce this function of the parent molecule in vitro, also caused neostigmine-responsive neuromuscular block in mice similar to that which thymopoietin itself produces, and which resembles the neuromuscular block of myasthenia gravis. This 13 aminoacid sequence must therefore contain the key residues in the thymopoietin molecule responsible for both T-cell differentiation and neuromuscular effects. These data provide further support for the view that myasthenia gravis is a consequence of thymic disease associated with systemic release of thymopoietin, with ensuing neuromuscular block. This evidence supports the empirically proven treatment of myasthenia gravis by early total thymectomy. PMID- 49802 TI - New rapid method for diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. AB - The plasma concentration of the platelet-specific protein beta-thromboglobulin was measured in fourteen patients who had been investigated for deep venous thrombosis by venography or 125I-fibrinogen scanning. All six patients with a proven thrombus had a raised plasma concentration of beta-thromboglobulin. Eight patients in whom no thrombus could be demonstrated had plasma concentrations of beta-thromboglobulin similar to a control group of thirty-five normal individuals. These results indicate that the measurement of plasma beta thromboglobulin concentrations may be of use in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. PMID- 49803 TI - Editorial: Postoperative feeding and metabolism. PMID- 49805 TI - Editorial: Serum bile-acids as a test of liver function. PMID- 49804 TI - Editorial: Drug levels in epilepsy. PMID- 49806 TI - Editorial: A new approach to Colles' fractures. PMID- 49807 TI - Editorial: How do doctors learn about drugs? PMID- 49808 TI - Editorial: Hypotensive anaesthesia. PMID- 49809 TI - Editorial: Thermography in breast cancer. PMID- 49810 TI - Hospital doctors' career structure and misuse of medical womanpower. AB - Biological and culturel differences between men and women lead to severe discrimination against women doctors who bear the burdens of pregnancy, child rearing, and housework. These lead, from equality within medical school and at qualification, to increasing failure to obtain posts commensurate with their innate abilities. Women doctors who temporarily and partially drop out of full time practice have been studied frequently, but men (who are equally expensive to train) have not, despite their disappearing from National Health Service practice through emigration, death, alcoholism, suicide, or removal from the Medical Register. In a working lifetime of forty years, a woman doctor with an average family is likely to do seven-eighths of the work of a doctor who has not had to carry the primary responsibility of bearing and rearing children. Doctors with dependants are handicapped, and a separate career structure might be set up for them. Supernumerary consultant posts are proposed. PMID- 49811 TI - Letter: Push-pull factors and the doctor drain. PMID- 49812 TI - Letter: Recurrent haematuria. PMID- 49813 TI - Letter: Thyroid-hormone levels and prognosis in patients with serious non thyroidal illness. PMID- 49814 TI - Letter: Curious curd. PMID- 49815 TI - Letter: Design of anaesthesia apparatus. PMID- 49816 TI - Letter: Folate-responsive schizophrenia. PMID- 49817 TI - Letter: Schizophrenia. PMID- 49818 TI - Letter: Dietary treatment of maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 49819 TI - Letter: Drugs for arrhythmias. PMID- 49820 TI - Letter: Phenytoin dosage. PMID- 49821 TI - Letter: Preserving the mm Hg. PMID- 49822 TI - Letter: SI units. PMID- 49823 TI - Letter: Serum-aminoacids and brain tryptophan uptake. PMID- 49824 TI - Letter: Abnormal haemoglobins in South-East Staffordshire. PMID- 49825 TI - Letter: Use of heparin in combination with factor-VII-rich prothrombin complex concentrate. PMID- 49826 TI - Letter: Needle biopsy and "blind" subcutaneous mastectomy for breast disease. PMID- 49827 TI - Letter: Breast prostheses. PMID- 49828 TI - Letter: Sulphone resistance in leprosy. PMID- 49829 TI - Letter: Antenatal misdiagnosis of spina bifida. PMID- 49830 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of typhoid fever. PMID- 49831 TI - Letter: False-positive acid-fast smears. PMID- 49832 TI - Letter: Termination of pregnancy. PMID- 49833 TI - Letter: Indirect liver lymphography. PMID- 49835 TI - Attenuation of morphine analgesia by serum from morphine-treated rabbits. PMID- 49834 TI - A search for common tumor specific antigen and serum blocking factor in head and neck epidermoid carcinomas. AB - In vitro, colony inhibition tests using lymphocytes and serum from 42 patients with other carcinomas, and 12 control patients with no carcinoma, were performed using cultured target cells (CALI). Target cell colony counts were significantly diminished by lymphocytes of 2 of 12 (16.7 percent) patients with no cancer, compared with those 26 of 42 (61.9 percent) patients with epidermoid carcinoma. An unexpected finding was significant colony inhibition of lymphocytes of 23 of 27 (85.2 percent) patients tested within 24 months of diagnosis of carcinoma compared with significant inhibition in only 3 of 15 (20 percent) patients tested after 24 months of diagnosis of carcinoma. Serum blocking factor was found in 9 of 42 (21.4 percent) patients with epidermoid carcinoma. It was found on follow up that four of these nine (44.4 percent) had later recurrent or new tumors compared to recurrence or new tumor incidence of only 6 of 33 (18.2 percent) patients with no serum blocking factor present in the serum. PMID- 49836 TI - [Education of surgical nurses at medical schools]. PMID- 49837 TI - [Problems in nursing care during the postoperative period in urological patients]. PMID- 49838 TI - Interendothelial gap size of subendocardial vs subepicardial capillaries. PMID- 49839 TI - Editorial: Influenza, the changing virus. PMID- 49840 TI - [Hepatic reaction in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Within the framework of a prospective study on the course and prognosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease begun in 1968, serial blind needle biopsies of the liver were carried out for the early establishment of liver involvement. In 201 needle biopsies taken in 114 patients with ulcerative colitis, normal findings were observed in 51, fatty infiltration in 24, and accompanying inflammation in 23, fatty infiltration together with a mesenchymal reaction in 8, fatty liver in 6 and sclerosing cholangitis and granulomatous hepatitis in 1 patient each. Of 69 needle biopsies taken in 45 patients with Crohn's disease we established normal findings in 13, an insignificant accompanying inflammation in 19, fatty infiltration in 5, granulomatous hepatitis in 3, fatty liver in 2, fatty liver together with a mesenchymal reaction in 2 and serum hepatitis in 1. Laboratory tests (alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, SGPT, BSP excretion) are not particularly suitable as screening tests. The diagnostic yield of serial blind needle biopsies of the liver is low and, despite the low-risk nature of the method, often dispensable. Laparoscopy, or at least blind needle biopsy of the liver, should be retained for the further clarification of serious deviations of laboratory values from the normal range, or of suspicious palpation findings. PMID- 49841 TI - [Treatment of thyroid storm with plasmapheresis (author's transl)]. AB - The conventional treatment of thyrotoxicosis is based on central and periphery therapeutic measures which respectively block the thyroid hormone production and subdue the hormone effect in the tissue. On account of long biological hal-life of thyroxine conventional methods of treatment fail to achieve a rapid reduction of the excessively high serumhormone level. As the overwhelming proportion of thyroid hormone is boud to serum proteins, plasmapheresis presents itself as a possibility of achieving this therapeutic aim. In the following a report is given on the successful practice of plasmapheresis in two cases of thyrotoxiicosis. In each of these, 1.4 and 1.2 litres of plasma respectively were re moved in all. Immediate combined use of plasmapheresis and conventional therapy appears to constitute a definite improvement in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 49843 TI - [Clinical uses of bisolvomycin in urology]. PMID- 49842 TI - [A gastroprotective nitrofuran in urological practice]. PMID- 49844 TI - Successful treatment of generalized demodicosis. PMID- 49845 TI - Prostatic disease. PMID- 49846 TI - Differential effects of protein-modifying reagents on receptor binding of opiate agonists and antagonists. PMID- 49847 TI - On the similar effects of chemical reduction and electrical stimulation in walking leg nerve bundles of the spider crab. PMID- 49848 TI - Cytogenetic effect of bleomycin on human leukocytes in vitro. AB - Human leukocytes treated with bleomycin (BLM) for clinical use, at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 10 and 50 mug/ml were studied. Both chromosome- and chromatid type aberrations were observed. The groups of larger chromosomes were more affected at every concentration. At dosages from 0.1 to 10 mug/ml no significant difference of effects on chromosomes was observed. However, a dose-difference of about 500 times showed significant differences in effect both on the degree of chromosomal aberration and on mitotic indices. PMID- 49849 TI - Effect of phenethyl alcohol and other organic substances on cellulas production. AB - Cellulase can be produced from growth in noncellulosic substrate if the growth rate of the producing organism is restricted. Phenethyl alcohol (PEA) is a growth inhibitor and was used to control the growth of M. verrucaria in attempts to obtain increased cellulase production. Cellulase yield was found to be increased without a restriction in growth rate when PEA was present in low concentrations (0.03% v/v). The effect was observed for other organisms but notably L. trabea, which produced considerable enzyme from a small quantity of mycelium. Here increased cellulase synthesis was concomitant with restricted growth. Other chemicals with PEA-like structure (e.g. benzyl alcohol) resulted in similar or more extensive cellulase synthesis. Of the substances tried, propyl alcohol was most effective, followed by acetone. PEA causes a swelling of cell walls and inhibits spore formation. This and other data given suggest that PEA affects the cytoplasmic membrane or the cell wall or both. Cellulase synthesis is considered to take place in the membrane and wall region of the cell. PMID- 49850 TI - Factor suppressing alpha-foetoprotein production in newborn mice. PMID- 49851 TI - Specific alterations of olfactory function in humans with temporal lobe lesions. PMID- 49852 TI - Cross idiotypic specificity among heavy chains of macroglobulins with blood group I and i specificities. PMID- 49853 TI - Localisation of plasma alpha2HS glycoprotein in mineralising human bone. PMID- 49854 TI - Histamine release, formation of prostaglandin-like activity (SRS-C) and mast cell degranulation by the direct lytic factor (DLF) and phospholipase A of cobra venom. AB - Cobra venom, alone and in combination, on mast cell degranulation, histamine release and formation of prostaglandin-like activity (SRS-C) was studied in perfused guinea-pig lungs and in mast cell-containing rat peritoneal cell suspensions. For comparison, the effect of equivalent doses of whole cobra venom was investigated. 1. Cobra venom caused mast cell degranulation, histamine release and SRS-C formation in both systems. For comparable effects much higher doses had to be used in guine-pig lungs than in rat peritoneal cell suspensions. 2. Phase A showed little degranulation of mast cells in both systems, a limited histamine release in rat peritoneal cell suspensions and none in perfused guinea pig lungs. It caused a considerable SRS-C formation in both, lung tissue and peritoneal cell suspensions. 3. DLF caused histamine release, SRS-C formation and mast cell degranulation in both systems; in rat peritoneal cell suspensions it acted almost as strong as equivalent doses of cobra venom, in guinea pig lungs it was much less active. 4. In rat peritoneal cell suspensions the effects of DLF and phase A in combination did not exceed the sum of their single effects. In guinea-pig lungs these two substances interacted in a potentiating synergism. It is concluded that DLF is the main cytotoxic principle of cobra venom, whereas ph ase A alone is not cytotoxic. The difference in the synergism of DLF and ph-ase A between rat peritoneal cells and guinea-pig lungs may be due to two different actions of DLF and species differences as regards sensitivity against these actions. PMID- 49855 TI - Proceedings: Investigations into the suitability of oxazepam and diazepam as antidotes against gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane). PMID- 49857 TI - Proceedings: Demonstration of an electronic analog computer for simulation of pharmacokinetic models used in teaching. PMID- 49856 TI - Proceedings: Midodrine, a long acting alpha - adrenergic stimulating agent. PMID- 49858 TI - Proceedings: Comparison of histone acetylation and RNA synthesis in rat liver nuclei and neuronal and glial enriched brain nuclei after alpha hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) application. PMID- 49859 TI - Proceedings: Pharmacokinetic analysis of the dicumarol-tolbutamide interaction in man. PMID- 49860 TI - Proceedings: Glutathione-dependent biotransformation in rats of isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane. PMID- 49861 TI - [Cold water as first-aid treatment in burns]. PMID- 49862 TI - [Concepts in electrocardiography. II. General concepts concerning the regularity and frequency of impulse formation]. PMID- 49863 TI - [Letter: The significance of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in clinical medicine]. PMID- 49864 TI - [Practolol (Eraldin)]. PMID- 49865 TI - [Treatment of malignant lymphomas with shock doses of peptichemio]. PMID- 49866 TI - [Cytochemistry of acid mucopolysaccharides and histamine in the human granulocytic line in normal and pathological conditions]. PMID- 49867 TI - Endemic goiter and antithyroid agents. PMID- 49868 TI - Triiodothyronine radioimmunoassay in the assessment of thyroid function. AB - This report describes the development of a sensitive, precise, radioimmunoassay for the measurement of triiodothyronine in unextracted serum, documents serum levels of triiodothyronine in various states of thyroid dysfunction, and assesses the role of the triiodothyronine radioimmunoassay as a routine test of thyroid function. PMID- 49869 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of the membrane developing in the pupillary area]. PMID- 49870 TI - Comparison of apical sealing methods. A preliminary report. AB - A comparison of the seal provided by gutta-percha root canal filling, heat-sealed gutta-percha, retrograde amalgam filling, and retrograde Durelon filling was made by observation of dye penetration around the above filling materials in extracted teeth. A small but not significant difference between gutta-percha, heat-sealed gutta-percha, and retrograde amalgam was noted. Retrograde Durelon filling gave a poor seal in comparison to gutta-percha and retrograde amalgam filling, but the difference between it and the heat seal was not significant. PMID- 49871 TI - [Alph2 globulin pregnancy proteins in the serum of patients with missed abortion]. PMID- 49872 TI - [Changes of the vascular wall under the effect of anticollagen serum in chronic hypertension]. PMID- 49873 TI - [Effect of hepatotoxic serum on the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase of the liver of rats under normal conditions and in prolonged alcoholic intoxication]. PMID- 49874 TI - Cromolyn sodium (disodium cromoglycate) prophylaxis. PMID- 49875 TI - The impact of the discovery of IgE on the practice of allergy. PMID- 49876 TI - [Role of viruses in autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 49877 TI - Child development as an index of maternal mental illness. PMID- 49878 TI - [Combination therapy with radiation and bleomycin for laryngeal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 49879 TI - [Detection and determination of alpha-feto-protein in human serum. Use in hepato gastroenterology]. AB - The presence of alpha-foeto-protein (A.F.P.) was sought in the serum of 520 patients, suffering from various digestive disorders, using two methods: double immuno-diffusion and counter immuno-electrophoresis on cellogel--a more sensitive technique. A.F.P. was detected on 90 of the 520 patients. A.F.P. was measured by radial immunodiffusion or by electro-immunodiffusion on cellogel. Study of the values obtained in various kinds of hepatic disorders indicates that high levels (more than 10 mg/1) are seen almost solely in association with primary carcinoma of the liver, whilst lower levels (less than 10 mg/1) are found in the majority of hepatic disorders, without having any precise significance. The interest of the clinician should therefore be directed not towards the presence or absence of A.F.P. but to its level, which alone is significant. PMID- 49881 TI - Helping a child develop. PMID- 49880 TI - Maturation of a hypermodified nucleoside in transfer RNA. AB - E. coli C6 rel- met- cys- was cultured in a fully supplemented medium and in media lacking cysteine or methionine. tRNA isolated from the three cultures containted, respectively, a normal complement of modified nucleosides; a deficiency in thiolated nucleosides and a deficiency in methylated nucleosides. Both sulfur-deficient tRNA and methyl-deficient tRNA contained large amounts of N 6- (delta-2-isopentenyl) adenosine and small amounts of the 2-methylthio derivative. Methyl-deficient tRNA contained, in addition a large amount of a cytokinin active, differently modified nucleoside that is believed to be a sulfur derivative of N6-(delta-2-isopentenyl) adenosine. The structure of this compound is unknown. When methly-deficient tRNA and the precusor the tRNA-Tyr su3-+ A25 were enzymatically methylated in vitro, methyl groups were incorporated into derivatives of isopentenyladenosine. These results indicate that the biosynthesis of the 2-methylthio derivative of isopentenyladenosine may occur in a sequential manner, i.e., thiolation of isopentenyladenosine followed by methylation. PMID- 49882 TI - Nursing care study: aortic bifurcation graft. PMID- 49883 TI - Breast cancer--1. Management of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 49884 TI - Psychogeriatric day patient assessment-1. Making a visual aid book. PMID- 49885 TI - Problems of the prostate. PMID- 49887 TI - The menopause. PMID- 49886 TI - The surgery of arthritis. PMID- 49888 TI - Immunological aspects of small vessel disease. PMID- 49889 TI - The immunological aspects of malignant disease. PMID- 49890 TI - Evaluation of a new oxymetazoline preparation in the treatment of nasal congestion. A multicentre trial. PMID- 49891 TI - Immunoaffinity chromatography of human beta-hexosaminidase A. AB - A highly specific method for the purification of human beta-hexosaminidase A employing immunoaffinity chromatography is described. Using an antiserum against the unique antigenic determinant, alpha, of beta-hexosaminidase A, and elution with 8.0M urea, a 283-or 417-fold purification of the enzyme was obtained in a single step from crude human placental homogenate. PMID- 49892 TI - [State of the renin-angiotensin system in thyrotoxicosis]. AB - A study was made of the blood plasma renin activity in 63 patients suffering from thyrotoxicosis before the treatment and in 42 healthy individuals. In comparison with the healthy, renin activity was increased in patients with thyrotoxicosis and displayed a positive correlation with the severity of the disease the level of protein-bound iodine, tachycardia and the degree of loss of weight. Stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system by the salt-free diet, hydrochlorthiazide and by placing the body into orthostatic position caused a relatively weaker increase in the renin activity in comparison with such in healthy individuals. Following successful treatment and the occurrence of an euthyroidal state renin activity proved to fall to the normal level. An increased renin activity was combined with increased urinary aldosterone excretion with a normal serum electrolyte level. Such combination pointed to the secondary character of aldosteronism. Block of the alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors led to reduction in the level of renin activity. Despite the frequent affection of hepatic function there was revealed no correlation between the increase in the renin activity and the pathological results of hepatic tests. Plasma renin activity was reduced in 8 patients with myxedema. It is supposed that the principal factors causing activation of the renin-angiotensin system in thyrotoxicosis were the loss of water and electrolytes by the organism and the appearance of oversensitivity to adrenergic receptors. PMID- 49893 TI - [Activity of the hypophyseal-thyroid gland system in relation to the funcitonal state of the sex glands. Report I]. AB - Experiments were conducted on intact female rats; it was revealed that the content of protein-bound iodine (PBI) in the blood depended on the stage of the estral cycle. It was decreased at the metestrus and diestrus stages. Castration produced an even greater reduction in the blood PBI content. The blood PBI content proved to elevate in administration of estradiol dipropionate (EDP) to castrated rats. The TSH content in the hypophysis increased at the metestrus and diestrus stages and decreased at the proestrus and estrus stages. The relationship was reverse in the case with the blood TTH content. Castration was followed by a marked increase in the TSH content in the hypophysis accompanied by a reduction in the blood hormone level. The TSH concentration in the hypophysis decreased and in the blood increased under the effect of EDP in castrated animals. The data obtained indicated that the interrelationship between the thyroid gland and the sex glands was realized at the level of the hypophysis, and possibly, of the hypothalamus. PMID- 49894 TI - The recognition of organic pollutants in aquatic sediments. PMID- 49895 TI - The development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with immunizing doses of myelin basic protein. AB - Rabbits immunized with low (11.25 mg) and high (57.50 mg) doses of myelin basic protein from several species develop antibasic protein antibodies, delayed type hypersensitivity, and clinical and pathological signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. More than 55% of rabbits immunized with relatively high doses of basic protein develop disease. The absence of circulating antibasic protein antibodies in immunorespondent animals is associated with the appearance of clinical or histological signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; however, the presence of humoral antibodies did not prevent completely the development of disease. Delayed-type hypersensitivity, specific for the basic protein, appears as early as 5 days after immunization and is maintained in nondiseased and surviving animals. Neither excess encephalitogen nor encephalitogen-induced antibody is sufficient to suppress completely the eventual development of clinical or histological manifestations of disease. PMID- 49896 TI - Biological properties of a type C virus isolated from a human X mouse hybrid cell line. AB - The biological properties of the HMV-1 virus, spontaneously released from a human X C57BL/6 mouse hybrid cell line, were similar to those of RadLV, the prototype B tropic virus of C57BL/6 mice. Both viruses replicated on B-type mouse cells and in the wild mouse cell line SC-1. The plaque-forming abilities of the two viruses were relatively low, but gradually increased after passage in new host cells. Both viruses were neutralized by AKR antisera but not by FMR antisera. HMV-1 virus could rescue the defective sarcoma genome from S+H- mouse cells. The pseudotype sarcoma virus so produced was deficient in "helper virus" activity. Newborn mice inoculated with HMV-1 virus remained tumor-free over a 1-yr observation period. PMID- 49897 TI - Combination chemotherapy of Rauscher leukemia and ascites tumors by narcissus alkaloid with standard drugs and effect on cellular immunity. AB - The therapeutic activity of the narcissus residual alkaloid A-2 against Rauscher leukemia has been compared with 10 standard anticancer drugs, and synergistic or additive combination pairs have been selected using a viral leukemia and two transplantable tumor systems. An increased beneficial effect has been demonstrated by a combination of the alkylating and DNA-binding agents and the alkaloid against the three malignant tumors, while a beneficial effect by combining the alkaloid and the antimetabolites (either 6-MP or 5-azacytidine) was seen only against the viral leukemia. The alkaloid has no suppressive activity against cellular immunity as tested by PHA reactivity and allogeneic tumor rejection systems. PMID- 49898 TI - [Current problems of active substance research. 7. Use of animal cell- and tissue cultures for comprehending and explanation of biological effect of substances. Cultivated liver cells as test objects for active substances]. PMID- 49899 TI - Anomalous results of studies on drug interaction in man. I. Nortriptyline and antipyrine. AB - Conflicting results were obtained in three drug interaction experiments designed to determine in man effects of chronic nortriptyline administration on plasma antipyrine half-lives. In an apparently similar design, each experiment utilized normal volunteers whose plasma antipyrine half-lives were measured before and after chronic nortriptyline administration. The same dose of liquid nortriptyline (0.2 mg/kg p.o. t.i.d. for 8 days) was used in each experiment. All subjects in the first study prolonged their plasma antipyrine half-lives, whereas seven of nine subjects in the second study significantly shortened their plasma antipyrine half-lives. In the third experiment seven of nine subjects showed no significant change in plasma antipyrine half-life. An explanation for these conflicting results obtained in the same laboratory under apparently similar experimental conditions was sought in the nature of the volunteers and in subtle changes in such variables as differences in the batches and length of storage of liquid nortriptyline. PMID- 49900 TI - Anomalous results of studies on drug interaction in man. II. Halofenate (mk-185) and antipyrine, bishydroxycoumarin, and warfarin. AB - Three highly reproducible experiments on drug interaction in normal human volunteers provided anomalous results: chronic halofenate administration shortened plasma antipyrine and bishydroxycoumarin half-lives but prolonged plasma warfarin half-lives. This dissociation in the effect produced by a chronically administered drug on the metabolism of test drugs has not previously been reported in man. Chronic halofenate administration to rats, mice and dogs stimulated several hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing systems, including those responsible for bishydroxycoumarin warfarin hydroxylation. PMID- 49901 TI - Blood histamine levels and arteriovenous concentration differences after the intravenous administration of the basic compounds l-3 and 48/80 in the anaesthetized dog. AB - The effects of the i.v. administration of inulin trinicotinate-monomethochloride (L-3) on haemodynamics, airway pressure and blood histamine levels were studied in chloralose-anaesthetized dogs and compared with the effects of compound 48/80. The control arterial histamine level was 0.041 plus or minus 0.002 mug/ml (mean plus or minus SEM) as determined by a fluorometric assay. L-3 (0.15 mg/kg) released high amounts of histamine, as indicated by a peak level in arterial histamine of 0.212 plus or minus 0.027 mug/ml within 3 min, which was not futher enhanced on increasing the dosage of L-3 to 1 mg/kg. After the i.v. injection of 0.15 mg/kg of 48/80 the peak level in arterial histamine was 0.146 plus or minus 0.008 mug/ml, and the level was further markedly elevated to 0.918 plus or minus 0.068 mug/ml after the administration of 1 mg/kg of 48/80. The concomitant fall in systemic blood pressure and the rise in airway pressure can be satisfactorily explained on the basis of histamine liberation. Whereas these parameters as well as the blood histamine concentration gradually returned to control values, the heart rate remained elevated during the observation period of 2 h. The arteriovenous differences in blood histamine across various tissues and organs following L-3 and 48/80 administration indicated histamine release mainly from skin and muscle and histamine uptake by the kidney, the digestive tract and to a lesser extent the lungs. The portal-hepatic vein differences revealed no consistent changes in liver histamine balance. As regards the lungs and liver, the present results suggest a dynamic equilibrium between histamine release and uptake in these organs in the intact animal. Both, L-3 and 48/80 elicited a similar pattern of histamine release and uptake. The extreme histamine releasing capacity of 1 mg/kg of 48/80 may be explained by an additional non-selective mechanism of histamine liberation. PMID- 49902 TI - Immunogenetics of the hl-a system. PMID- 49903 TI - The denervated Meissner corpuscle. A sequential histological study after nerve division in the Rhesus monkey. AB - The effects of denervation upon the Meissner corpuscle were evaluated by sequential fingertip biopsies in 3 rhesus monkeys, following transection of all the sensory innervation of the hand. Histological techniques were used to identify changes in the neural, connective, and enzymatic components of the Meissner corpuscles. Denervation of the Meissner corpuscle resulted in rapid and complete degeneration of the axon terminal and a slowly progressive degeneration of the connective tissue component of the corpuscle, characterized by loss of lobulation, lamellar collapse, and a steadily diminishing corpuscular size. The physiological basis and the clinical implications of these findings are discussed. The literature is reviewed. PMID- 49904 TI - Caesar's wounds. A study of William Shakespeare. PMID- 49905 TI - Visionary experience in Wuthering Heights. PMID- 49906 TI - Henry James' The Beast in the Jungle and The Ambassadors. PMID- 49908 TI - Charles Dickens' Nurse's Stories. PMID- 49907 TI - Grimms' The Table, The Ass, and The Stick. A drama of the phallic stage. PMID- 49909 TI - For the love of Medusa. A psychoanalytic glimpse into gynecocide. PMID- 49910 TI - Giving new depth to the surface. Psychoanalysis, literature, and society. PMID- 49911 TI - [Treatment of pain symptoms in myeloma using P32]. PMID- 49912 TI - [Symptomatic treatment of ORL diseases in children with an antihistaminic decongestant-analgesic combination]. PMID- 49913 TI - [Action of sulfurous waters on some allergic phenomena]. PMID- 49914 TI - [Thymoma and lupus disease (apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two new cases of association between a thymoma and a lupus illness are reported. The first was a women aged 42 years in whom were discovered simultaneously systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a slowly invading thymoma, the histology of which was characterized by the predominance of epithelial cells; excision of this tumour did not appear to affect the evolution of the SLE. In the second case, a patient aged 60 years suffered from SLE ten months after the removal of a benign thymoma in which there was a predominance of lymphocytes. The SLE in this patient was easily controlled for more than a year by small doses of corticoids, but resulted in death after three years when anuria was associated with meningeal signs after the cessation of corticotherapy. The comparision of the data from these cases with those from eleven other cases in which there was association between a thymoma and SLE, brought to light several interesting facts. It is rare that SLE clearly precedes the discovery of the thymoma; it usually occurs afterwards or the two are discovered almost simultaneously. Collagenosis is of importance only when it coexists with a thymoma : starting later much more often than is usual in cases of SLE. The tumours were, in all but two cases, benign thymomas of different histological types, and their removal did not apparently influence the evolution of the SLE. PMID- 49915 TI - [Comparative studies on 2 methods employed in the search for alcohol-resistant bacilli in pulmonary secretions]. PMID- 49916 TI - [Innervation of the cornea in chronic simple glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 49917 TI - Cytochemical differences in leucocytes of normal adult males and females. AB - Peripheral blood samples were drawn from 50 patients (25 males and 25 females) with no apparent haematologic disorders. Smears were stained for Periodic Acid Schiff and beta-glucuronidase reactions. Diffuse to moderate activity was observed in leucocytes for both stains. There was a significant difference in males and females in positive reactions in monocytes stained for beta glucuronidase and in lymphocytes and granulocytes stained for PAS. PMID- 49918 TI - Induction of histamine release and densensitization in human leukocytes. AB - Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus has been found to react with all human leukocyte preparations tested. In 70 percent of the experiments the reaction leads to histamine release. Furthermore, protein A treatment of cells at 37 degrees C, both in complete and Ca-2+-free medium, results in the inhibition of anti-IgE-induced histamine release in all cell preparations, indicating that protein A and anti-IgE antibodies release histamine from the same cells. This inhibition seems to be due to the blocking or exhaustion of a step in the biochemical pathway, leading to histamine release activated by both protein A and anti-IgE. In some cell preparations desensitization but no histamine liberation is induced by protein A. No inhibition occurs if the protein A treatment is performed at 4 degrees C. It is concluded that protein A elicits histamine liberation and desensitization by acting on IgG present on the surface of the basophil granulocytes. Treatment of leukocytes at 37 degrees C with anti-IgE antibodies, or F(ab)2 fragments from such antibodies, also results in an inhibition of a subsequent anti-IgE-induced histamine release. Desensitization with low doses of anti-IgE results in an inhibition of the same type as that obtained with protein A. Supraoptimum amounts of anti-IgE or high amounts of monovalent Fab fragments from anti-IgE immunoglobulin G give an inhibition that could be due to a competition between the sensitizing and the challenging agents for combining with cell fixed IgE molecules. This inhibition is independent of temperature and calcium concentration. PMID- 49919 TI - Conditions for inducing T helper cells in vitro. AB - Lymphoid cells of CBA mice were triggered to act as specific helper cells by incubation with protein antigen (usually keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH)) in Marbrook cultures in vitro. After optimum priming, these helper cells, at optimal numbers, stimulated B cells (from unprimed spleens) to respond to trinitrophenyl KLH in vitro. The in vitro-induced helper cells were carrier-specific. B cell depletion before helper cell induction increased the efficiency of helper cell induction and thus provided further proof of the T-cell nature of in vitro helper cells. Heterogeneity within T helper cell precursors is suggested on the basis of differences in antigen dose requirements of precursor cells in cortisone resistant thymocytes, spleen, or lymph nodes. PMID- 49920 TI - B-cell mitogenic effects on human lymphocytes of rabbit anti-human beta 2 microglobulin. AB - Rabbit Ig against human beta2-microglobulin was found to be mitogenic for human peripheral lymphocytes, tonsil lymphocytes, and appendix and spleen cells. Anti beta2-m gave increased DNA synthesis, with peak responses on day 3 or 4 and showed a dose-response effect when diluted. The effect was seen in both serum free and serum-containing culture medium. Anti-beta2-m, as well as lipopolysaccharide, induced polyclonal antibody production and intracellular immunoglobulin synthesis in blast cells, which is taken as evidence that these substances are human B-cell mitogens. Anti-beta2-m, but not lipopolysaccharide, could, in these experiments, activate peripheral blood lymphocytes, in addition to lymphoid cells from other sources. Thus, anti-beta2-m can serve as a functional marker for peripheral human B lymphocytes. PMID- 49921 TI - Urethral pressure profile in prostatic surgery. AB - The urethral pressure profile was registered in 30 patients with benign hypertrophy of the prostate. In 6 patients the pressure profile measurement was repeated following prostatectomy and in 5 patients following transurethral resection of the prostate. Four patients with incontinence following prostatic surgery were also examined. Characteristic and reproducible profile patterns are demonstrated. PMID- 49922 TI - [Indications for radiotherapy in gastrointestinal tumors]. AB - As a pre- or postoperative measure, radiotherapy can contribute to the treatment of many gastrointestinal malignancies. Postoperative radiotherapy is recommended in malignant lymphoma of the stomach and the intestine, as well as for invasive and totally resected carcinoma of the recto-sigmoid in order to prevent local recurrences. Preoperative radiotherapy can be attempted for carcinoma of the lower third of the esophagus and extended carcinoma of the stomach and the rectum, as long as no better therapeutic association is available. Finally, curative radiotherapy can be administered for squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus and the anus, with a reasonable chance of success, to avoid subjecting the patient to major surgery. PMID- 49923 TI - [Hemotherapy in malignant hematologic diseases]. AB - For the majority of patients with malignant blood diseases the ideal transfusion products are blood components instead of whole blood. The therapeutic use of packed red cells, platelets, leukocytes and albumin is briefly discussed. PMID- 49924 TI - [Prevention of the post-transfusion hepatitis]. AB - For prophylaxis of posttransfusion hepatitis three procedures can be considered: 1. recognition of "infectious" blood donors, 2. elimination of the infectious agent from the blood units (or blood derivatives), 3. protection of the recipient by immunophrophylaxis. Among all available methods screening of blood donors for hepatitis B antigen (HB-sAg) by a sensitive test (e.g. radioimmunoassay or reversed passive hemagglutination) is presently the most efficient. Despite this precaution it can be estimated that three to four cases of overt posttransfusion hepatitis will still occur in 1000 transfusions in this country. A number of these might be due to agents other than hepatitis B virus, but another proportion may also be attributed to non-transfusion-induced infection originating from the hospital environment. Efforts are required to reduce this source of infection. PMID- 49925 TI - Myelination inhibiting and neuroelectric blocking factors in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Sensitization of Lewis rats with whole central nervous system tissue or with purified myelin induced both experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and a serum factor which inhibited myelin formation in vitro. Sensitization with the encephalitogenic factor, myelin basic protein, induced EAE, but not the myelination inhibition factor. Sensitization with cerebroside induced neither EAE nor myelination inhibition factor. The serums from control animals without EAE as well as from animals sensitized with all of the above antigens blocked evoked electrical responses in vitro. PMID- 49926 TI - Golgi complex--endoplasmic reticulum transition region has rings of beads. AB - The smooth surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum that makes the forming face of the Golgi complex has beadlike structures arranged in rings at the base of transition vesicles. The beads can only be seen easily after staining in bismuth salts. They are 10 to 12 nanometers in diameter and occur in a variety of cell types and organisms. PMID- 49927 TI - Isolation of type C virions from a normal human fibroblast strain. AB - Type C virions were spontaneously released from cultures of a diploid human cell strain. The varions have properties of known type C RNA tumor viruses and share antigenic determinants with the major interspecies-specific antigen (p30) of simian sarcoma virus. Antiserum to reverse transcriptase of gibbon ape leukemia virus inhibits the reverse transcriptase of the putative human virions and that of simian sarcoma virus, but has no effect on the corresponding enzymes of avian or murine RNA tumor viruses. PMID- 49928 TI - Hippocampo-hypothalamic connections: origin in subicular cortex, not ammon's horn. AB - An autoradiographic study of the subcortical projections of the rat hippocampal formation shows that the efferent fibers of the hippocampus proper (fields CA1-4 OF Ammon's horn) do not project to the hypothalamus but are confined to the precommissural fornix, ending primarily in the septum. The fibers that are distributed by way of the fornix system to the hypothalamus (principally the arcuate-ventromedial region and the mammillary nuclei) and the anterior thalamus arise from the subicular region of the cerebral cortex (that is, the subiculum, presubiculum, and parasubiculum). PMID- 49929 TI - Japanese encephalitis virus plaque formation in Culex tritaeniorhynchus cell monolayers. PMID- 49930 TI - Pseudomonas pseudomallei: II. Laboratory and experimental studies in animals. AB - The cultural, biochemical characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity of strains of Pseudomonas pseudomallei isolated from four cases of melioidosis admitted to Ramathibodi Hospital are described. The organisms were gram-negative bacilli often with bipolar staining. The colonies were wrinkled when incubated for long periods. The characteristic non-specific uptake of dye from media into the colonies and their musty or earthy odour rendered them easily distinguishable from other organisms. All strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol and all but one were sensitive to tetracycline. All strains were resistant to colimycin and gentamicin. The pathogenicity of the strain isolated from a fatal case of peritonitis was studied in guinea pigs. The findings showed that following a large inoculation intraperitoneally, the animal developed acute septicaemia and died shortly afterwards. Only a few micro-abscesses were found on the surface of the liver. Chronic infection of longer duration occurred when a small number of organisms were introduced through a cutaneous abrasion. The lesions included pneumonitis and multiple abscesses of various organs including subcutaneous tissue, liver, spleen and mediastinum. PMID- 49931 TI - Antigenicity of sub-cellular components of Entamoeba histolytica. AB - Antigencity of the sub-cellular components of axenic Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites was studied. The cells were disrupted by means of a glass-teflon homogeniser and sub-cellular components were prepared by stepwise differential centrifugation. Four fractions were obtained, namely the 350 g, 6500 g, and 100,500 g fractions and the cell sap. Components of the sedimented fractions were examined by phase contrast and electron microscopy. The antigenicity of each fraction was studied by two different methods:-(1) By extraction with 0.5% sodium deoxycholate followed by testing against the reference sera; (2) By demonstration of the loss of immunological activity of the reference sera after absorption with fractionated components. It was found that all 4 fractions had varying antigenic activities as measured in the indirect hemagglutination (IHA), the complement fixation (CF) and the immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) tests. With the extraction technique, the following results were obtained:- The highest IHA activity was found in the cell sap, whereas this activity in other fractions clustered at lower levels. In the CF test, the activities associated with all 4 fractions were similar. In the IEP test, the highest activity was found in the cell sap and the least activity in the 100,500 g fraction. With the absorption technique, slightly different results were obtained. Whilst in the IHA and the IEP test, the results were in concordance with the extraction technique, the CF activity was slightly different, since it was highest in the cell sap and least in the 100,500 g fraction. PMID- 49932 TI - [Immunochemical identification of tissue beta-globulin in blood serum of patients with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 49933 TI - Letter: Radiotherapy, chamotherapy and the kidneys. PMID- 49934 TI - Improvement in the results of treatment of osteogenic sarcoma. AB - Experience with 70 patients having osteogenic sarcomas treated between 1968 and 1973 demonstrated the importance of persistence in the management of the disease of these patients. Resection for pulmonary metastases in one or both lungs, often on more than one occasion, will salvage a number of these patients, thus improving the cure rate. Adriamycin has proved an effective palliative agent and a useful adjuvant to surgical therapy. Although the cure rate of tumors arising distal to the knee is much higher than that of more proximally situated tumors, resection of osteogenic sarcomas of the distal part of the femur does not require removal of the entire femur when care is taken to resect well above the site of the apparent tumor. Some osteogenic sarcomas are sensitive to adequate dosages of radiation therapy, but the exact role of this method is yet to be determined. No definite beneficial result could be attributed to any of a variety of modalities of immune stimulation therapy. PMID- 49935 TI - [Serotonin in ulcer disease (literature survey)]. PMID- 49936 TI - Diagnosing brochial carcinoid tumors by electron microscopy. PMID- 49937 TI - Quantitative assessment of chronic non-specific lung disease at necropsy. Report by Panel on Pathology of the Medical Research Council Committee on Research into Chronic Bronchitis, April 1972. PMID- 49938 TI - [Radiotherapy in advanced cancer]. PMID- 49939 TI - [Correction of transposition of the great arteries in children]. PMID- 49940 TI - Size changes in single muscle fibers during fixation and embedding. AB - During fixation of single muscles fibers with glutaraldehyde, the volume of the fiber shrinks 20%, recovers in rinse and osmium tetroxide to near normal volume and shrinks 20% again when staining with uranyl acetate. This suggest that osmotic properties of membranes may not have been completely lost during fixation, post-fixation and en bloc staining. Dehydration in ethanol and propylene oxide produces a further 10% shrinkage in volume. Infiltration and embedding with Epon causes an additional 15% change in volume. This gives a total shrinkage in volume of 45% which is nearly twice that of the apparent shrinkage in the volume of the myosin lattice as determined by electron microscopy. PMID- 49941 TI - Differentiation of biliary atresia from neonatal hepatitis by routine clinical examinations. AB - After analysis of 33 cases of neonatal hepatitis and 90 cases of biliary atresia, a score test from history, physical findings and daily laboratory examinations was studied for the differential diagnosis of these two diseases. The biliary atresia takes plus score, whereas the neonatal hepatitis takes minus score. The score test is of great value for the differential diagnosis between these two diseases. PMID- 49942 TI - An attempt to determine surgical indication for biliary atresia by laboratory examination. AB - To determine the surgical indication of biliary atresia, we analyzed the history, physical findings and laboratory examinations of 90 cases of biliary atresia operated upon at the Second Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Hospital during the past 10 years, from 1963 through 1972 inclusive. A score table from the data of these examinations was made for the determination of surgical indication. According to this score table, all of the patients who showed good excretion of bile took plus score, whereas a half of the patients who showed poor or no excretion of bile took minus score. Although the remaining patients who showed poor excretion of bile took plus score, these cases had some elements for good excretion of bile. From these results, the patients who takes plus score is considered to be a good indication for operation. The score test is of great value for determination of the surgical indication of biliary atresia. PMID- 49943 TI - The effect of age and long-term low-level DDT exposure on the response to enzyme induction in the rat. PMID- 49945 TI - Hematoxylin substitutes: fluorone black and methyl fluorone black (9-phenyl- and 9-methyl-2,3,7-trihydroxy-6-fluorone) as metachrome iron alum mordant dyes. AB - The phenyl and methyl trihydroxyfluorones, hitherto used histologically only in the rather difficult and unreliable Turchini technics for discriminating deoxyribonucleic from ribonucleic acid, find a new use as iron mordant metachrome dyes which act as nuclear stains. Nuclear staining is unaffected by acid extraction of nucleic acids, as with hematoxylin lakes. The two dyes, named by Liebermann and Lindenbaum 9-phenyl-2, 3, 7-trihydroxy-6-fluorone, have also acquired (illustrating with the phenyl homolog) longer chemical names of the form 2,6,7-trihydroxy-9-phenylisoxanthene-3-one (Eastman). Aldrich and Pfalz-Bauer adhere to the Liebermann-Lindenbaum nomenclature. The trivial name fluorone black is proposed for the phenyl homolog and methyl fluorone black for the methyl homolog. The iron lake of fluorone black appears to be a useful substitute for iron hematoxylin, methyl flurone black less useful. Neither dye has the diverse capability of hematoxylin. PMID- 49944 TI - Effects of additives on alum hematoxylin staining solutions. AB - All additives tested (ethyl alcohol, glycerine, chloral hydrate, ethylene and propylene glycol, and citric, malonic and maleic acids) in varying degrees limited the conversion of hematein to insoluble compounds. Peak absorbances increased slightly in hematoxylin solutions containing citric, malonic and maleic acids, but decreased with other additives, and in controls. After four months storage the absorbance in all solutions increased about 50%, acidity increased and staining effectiveness increased. PMID- 49946 TI - Conference report: The importance of dye purification and standardization in biomedicine. PMID- 49947 TI - A rapid plastic embedding technique for preparation of three-micron thick sections of decalcified hard tissue. AB - A 24 hour start-to-finish method is described for the preparation of three-micron thick sections of decalcified hard tissues. Following acetone dehydration, the tissue to be embedded is infiltrated under vacuum with a series of graded clearing solutions which approach the content of the final methyl methacrylate mixture. After overnight in a 35 C oven, the plastic is polymerized by four hours heating at 42 C. Three-micron-thick sections are then easily prepared by using a Jung microtome for high resolution histologic or detailed autoradiographic procedures. PMID- 49948 TI - Tannic acid-iron alum reactions: stain of choice for macroscopic sections of brain to be embedded in plastic. AB - As a macroscopic stain for gross brain sections to be embedded in plastic, tannic acid-iron alum is superior to the generally recommended LeMasurier's variation of the Berlin blue technique because of its greater permanency in plastic. However, as originally adopted for use with brain tissue by Mulligan, the intense black staining of gray matter is too dark for plastic embedded specimens. A modification of this method designed to overcome this difficulty is described. Staining procedure: Wash formalin-fixed brain slices overnight in running water. Wash in distilled water, 2 changes, 30 minutes each. Place slices individually in Mulligan's solution at a temperature of 60-65 C for 4 minutes. Rinse in ice water for 10 seconds. Mordant in 0.4% tannic acid in distilled water for 1 minute. Wash in running tap water for 1 minute. Develop in 0.08% ferric ammonium sulfate in distilled water until gray matter is light gray, about 10-15 seconds. Wash in lukewarm running water for 1 hour, then gently hand-rub whitish film from myelinated surfaces. Store briefly in 3% formalin or 25% glycerine if necessary depending on plastic embedding procedure to be followed. PMID- 49949 TI - An overview of botanical clearing technique. AB - Clearing techniques are outlined with reference to their action on the chemical constituents of plant tissue. The most general technique would include pretreatment with solvents, dissolution of protoplasm, dissolution of other substances, bleaching, infiltration with a dense fluid, and staining. Extensive chemical changes go on during these steps and may prevent satisfactory clearing, an important example being the discoloration of phenolic compounds. Rational design of clearing methods for the chemically distinct cell types and tissue seems a likely future development. PMID- 49950 TI - A device for the complete elimination of static electricity in paraffin sectioning. AB - In paraffin sectioning static electricity is often induced by friction between the knife and the block. The section can be discharged by ionizing the air in the vicinity of the paraffin. This can be achieved by mounting a strip containing radioactive polonium near the microtome knife. This approach implies a certain radiological risk. An alternative solution is to apply a high electric field close to the knife. The latter method may offer hazards related to the high tension and production of ozone. In comparing the risks and benefits of the two methods we have concluded that the application of a high electric field offers less risks to people in the working area than the installation of a radioactive source. The costs of the two methods are of the same order. PMID- 49951 TI - Stains for A, B, and D cells in fetal rat islets. AB - Ten techniques often used for identification of A, B, and D cells in adult islets of Langerhans were applied to fetal rat pancreas. Modifications were tried with many of these techniques. Two indole methods (xanthydrol and postocoupled benxylidene reactions) and a cryostat technique using o-phthaladehyde failed to stain fetal islets. Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin and lead hematoxylin lightly stained fetal A cell granules in Helly's fixed tissue. The Grimelius silver nitrate technique stains adult rat A cells but failed to stain fetal cells. A modification of this technique stained fetal A cells and a possible 4th cell type. The specificity of this method was confirmed by restaining stained cells with a fluorescent antibody technique and with pseudoisocyanin. B cells, as previously reported, were readily stained by the aldehyde fuchsin technique. Fetal D cells were not stained by the Hellerstrom-Hellman alcoholic silver nitrate method, nor did they display pseudoisocyanin metachromasia after acid hydrolysis; they did fluoresce brightly with this technique when viewed with UV light. It was thus possible to distinguish the three usual cell types, plus a possible fourth type, in the fetal rat pancreas. PMID- 49952 TI - Reprecipitation during the preparation of demineralized sections. I. Histochemical and X-ray diffraction observations. AB - The histological features of reprecipitation artefacts occasionally present in demineralized sections of teeth and bone are described. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that they are crystalline and composed of secondary calcium phosphates. PMID- 49953 TI - Reprecipitation during the preparation of demineralized sections. II. Experimental observations. AB - Teeth were incompletely demineralized by immersion in unchanged 10% formic acid for 7 days. Reprecipitation deposits of secondary calcium phosphate were present in the dentin and soft tissues of the dental pulp and, if the final pH was 3 or greater, in the remnants of the periodontal ligament. The deposits in the dentin appeared to be intratubular. Deminieralized sections of teeth suspended in supersaturated solutions of brushite contained similar deposits in the soft tissues. It is suggested that reprecipitation of secondary calcium phosphates is a frequent intermediate stage during demineralization with formic acid. PMID- 49954 TI - The Feulgen reaction after glutaraldehyde fixation. AB - A technique is described for performing the Feulgen reaction for DNA on cells and tissues fixed in glutaraldehyde. Blockade free aldehydes by reducing them with fresh 0.5% NaBH4 in 1% NaH2PO4 for 1 hr at room temperature, then rinse in water. Follow by a Feulgen reaction (hydrolysis at room temperature in 6 N HCl for 20 min, Schiff's reagent for 60 min.). Controls assure the completeness and irreversibility of the borohydride blockade. Cytophotometry shows that the DNA content per nucleus is unaffected by the blockade procedure. PMID- 49955 TI - Selective light microscopic demonstration of the specific granulation of the rat atrial myocardium by lead-hematoxylin-tartrazine. AB - MacConaill's lead-hematoxylin as modified by Solcia et al. was found to be a highly selective stain for the specific granulation of atrial cardiocytes in the rat. The specific atrial granules were stained blue-black. Contrast was enhanced by counterstaining in a saturated solution of tartrazine in Cellosolve. The stain is compatible with several fixatives and may be used with paraffin or Epon embedded material. PMID- 49956 TI - Rescuing poorly embedded tissue for electron micrsocpy: a new and simple technique of re-embedding. PMID- 49957 TI - [Results of cobalt-60-irradiation of brain tumors]. AB - The periods of survival which can be obtained on patients with a primary tumor of the brain after an unique or post-operative cobalt-60-irradiation is dependent of the histology: while periods of survival of several years have been obtained in case of medulloblastoma and astrocytoma, the irradiation of the multiform glioblastoma represents only a palliative measure with a temporary amelioration for any months. PMID- 49958 TI - A pattern in the development of agglutinogenic antigens of cyclically transmitted isolates of Trypanosoma gambiense. AB - Three isolates of T. gambiense, belonging to 2 serologically different substrains of the species, were cyclically transmitted to rabbits and monkeys by G. morsitans or G. tachinoides. Sera collected from the infected animals were tested for agglutinating antibodies to 17 different serotype antigens prepared from rodent-adapted isolates of T. gambiense. The first antibodies detected in sera from all of the animals agglutinated the same serotype antigen L2, indicating that it possibly consisted of trypanosomes bearing a basic antigen of T. gambiense. In 2 animals infected with 1 isolate the development of antibody to the common serotype L2 was accompanied by the development of antibody to a second serotype U1. Comparisons of the patterns in which antibodies were produced to other serotype antigens in different animals indicated that there were many similarities in the sequences in which they developed in different rabbits infected with (a) any 1 isolate (b) 2 different isolates of 1 substrain and (c) isolates of 2 serologically different substrains. There were also similarities in the sequences in which the antigens developed in rabbits and monkeys infected with an isolate by the same fly or by different tsetse flies. The ordered sequence in which these 3 cyclically transmitted isolates of T. gambiense, of significantly varied origin and laboratory history, produced variant antigens in hosts of different species provides further evidence to support previous suggestions that antigenic variation in trypanosomes is an adaptive process, rather than one involving selection of mutants. PMID- 49959 TI - Relation between malaria serum gamma-globulin concentration and the D-xylose absorption test. AB - D-xylose excretion after a 25 g. oral load was determined in 15 African subjects suffering from malaria. Nine of them were re-investigated after the malaria had been or was being treated. Malarial parasitaemia and pyrexia did not significantly influence results of the D-xylose test. However, in the untreated subjects, there was a significant inverse correlation between the weight of D xylose excreted and the serum gamma-globulin concentrations. The observation may have a nutritional importance. PMID- 49960 TI - Letter: Increased potency of killed VEE (TC-83) vaccine in mice previously infected with EEE virus. PMID- 49961 TI - Avian B lymphocyte subpopulations: origins and functional capacities. PMID- 49962 TI - The B cell specificity repertoire: its relationship to definable subpopulations. PMID- 49963 TI - Immune function cell surface characteristics and maturation of B cell subpopulations. PMID- 49964 TI - [Localization of the fluorescent portion of the Y-chromosome in interphase nulcei of human embryonic kidney cell cultures]. AB - The localization and frequency of accurrence of Y-chromosome fluorescent bodies in interphase nuclei in the cellular culture of 4-months male and female human embryos, were studied with fluorochromine method with quinacrine dehydrochloride. In cellular cultures of male embryonic kidney the frequency of Y-chromatin was about 50%. The Y-chromosome structural connection with nuclear membrane and nucleolus was demonstrated. PMID- 49965 TI - [Irrigation of vas deferens during vasectomy]. PMID- 49966 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and spina bifida. Determination of alphafetoprotein in amniotic fluid and serum in the 16th-24th gestational week]. PMID- 49967 TI - [Acrania and spina bifida diagnosed by alpha-fetoprotein determination in 16th week of pregnancy]. PMID- 49968 TI - A systematic study of testosterone metabolism in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH): in vitro results. AB - An in vitro system for testing steroids which might be effective in treating benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) has been developed based upon the transformation of H-3-testosterone into the 5-alpha-reduction products dihydrotestosterone and 3-alpha-androstanediol. In scrutinizing the influence of the amount of BPH-tissue, time, and pH, 300 mg of tissue incubated for 2 h at the physiological pH of 7.4 were used in the standard experiment. -The H-3 testosterone concentration was varied from 0.17-100 times 10-8 M. Plotting the resulting 5-alpha-reduction products as a function of testosterone concentration a hyperbolic pattern of enzyme kinetics ensued. Performing a double reciprocal plot of 4 experiments with double determination of each value regression lines could be computed. Those two regression lines most different in their slopes were considered "normal" limits. The rate of H-3-testosterone metabolism could not be enhanced after the endogenous testosterone content within the prostate glands had been used up by means of a preincubation. Scrutinizing the effect of heparin, a weak non-specific enzyme inhibitor, no suppression of the appearance of 5-alpha reduction products was found. Damaging the BPH-cells, however, by repetitive freezing and thawing lead to an almost complete inhibition of H-3-testosterone turnover. PMID- 49969 TI - Sensitivity studies in bacteriologic diagnosis of urinary tuberculosis. AB - The identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms is insensitive. This in vitro investigation compares the sensitivity of Ziehl-Neelsen and fluorochrome staining techniques after two and ten hours of incubation with standard culture techniques. The culture methods were persistently more sensitive than the stain techniques. Both stain techniques were of equal sensitivity. Ten hours incubation reduces the sensitivity of the staining techniques but does not alter the sensitivity of the culture methods. PMID- 49970 TI - Urinary obstruction secondary to prostatic involvement from postoperative extension of carcinoma of rectosigmoid. AB - Two cases of urinary obstruction secondary to neoplastic involvement of the prostate from abdominal-perineal resection for carcinoma of the rectosigmoid are discussed. A review of the literature and the management of this infrequent entity is described. PMID- 49971 TI - [Geriatric aspects of eye diseases]. PMID- 49972 TI - [Chronic diseases of the larynx in municipal transport drivers]. PMID- 49973 TI - [Use of toluidine blue in diagnosis of malignant tumors of the ORL organs]. PMID- 49974 TI - Use of a Giemsa stain to detect changes in acrosomes of frozen ram spermatozoa. AB - Acrosomal structures of ram spermatozoa were prominently stained when air dried smears of diluted semen were fixed for 15 minutes in buffered formal saline and stained for 90 minutes in a 6 per cent (v/v) buffered solution of Giemsa stain. Progressive disruption of the acrosomes was demonstrated during chilling and deep freezing of the spermatozoa, and the degree of damage was systematically scored. A rapid and repeatable estimate of the state of the acrosomes in a sample could be made from the mean score of 20 spermatozoa examined per slide. PMID- 49975 TI - Production of mouse mammary tumor virus by cultured cells in the absence and presence of hormones: assay by molecular hybridization. PMID- 49976 TI - The initial nucleotide sequence of DNA transcribed from avian myeloblastosis virus 70 S RNA by RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. PMID- 49977 TI - Reassociation of 4 S and 5 S RNA's with the genome of avian sarcoma virus. PMID- 49978 TI - Studies on virus induction by 5-bromodeoxyuridine in nonproducer murine sarcoma virus-transformed 3T3 cells. PMID- 49979 TI - A comparison of "influenza C" with prototype myxoviruses: receptor-destroycing activity (neuraminidase) and structural polypeptides. PMID- 49980 TI - [Treatment of acute respiratory diseases in children]. PMID- 49981 TI - Demonstration of the Gerbich antigenic determinant on neutrophil leukocytes. AB - Leukocyte-platelet concentrates prepared from blood of Gerbich (Ge) positive donors possess the capability of absorbing anti-Ge. Leukocytes from Ge-negative donors do not absorb the antibody, thus confirming the Ge antigen specificity. Tests with separated leukocyte types suggest that the Ge antigen is present on neutrophils and possibly monocytes, but absent from lymphocytes and platelets. PMID- 49982 TI - [Changes in the composition of bovine serum during invasion by distomata genus Paramphistomum and Fasciola hepatica]. PMID- 49983 TI - [Immunologic diagnosis of parasitic diseases]. PMID- 49984 TI - Cancer of the lung and its response to non-surgical treatment. AB - From July 1969 to December 1972 a clinical trial was carried out to determine the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy individually or in combination on lung cancer. During the first three years of the study 53 of 234 patients underwent curative resection. III of the remaining patients were inoperable and were suitable for inclusion in the study. The patients were randomly assigned to four groups: 1) observation only, 2) chemotherapy (Hydroxyurea) only, 3) radiotherapy only, or 4) combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There were no differences in survival in any of the treated groups. PMID- 49985 TI - [Demonstration of cells of myothelial origin in canine mammary tumours by special staining methods (author's transl)]. AB - Three recent staining methods, the TPA-, TPL-, and TPT-method, were used to demonstrate cells of myothelial origin in mammary gland tumours in bitches and were compared with older techniques. The newer methods proved more suitable for demonstration of myofibrils in myothelial cells. With these techniques it is possible to reveal myofibril containing cells in adenomatous, papillary, myomatour, and myxoid tumour regions but not in chondroid parts of mixed tumours. Two of the tumours examined were classified as malignant myotheliomas because of their staining qualities, structure, ultrastructural appearance and signs of malignancy. PMID- 49986 TI - [Inhibition of viral reverse transcriptase and leukemogenesis by modified nucleic acids (author's transl)]. AB - Inhibition of DNA polymerase from oncorna viruses by a new class of macromolecular inhibitors is reported. The macromolecule, designated as mercaptopolycytidylic acid (MPC), is a chemically modified polycytidylic acid containing 5-SH cytidylic bases in the polymerase. Partially thiolated polycytidylic acids (MPC I-III, containing 1.7%, 3.5%, and 8.6% 5 mercaptocytidylate units, respectively) inhibited the DNA-polymerase of Friend leukemia virus (FVL) in the endogenic reaction as well as in the presence of poly rA-(dT)14 or poly (dA-dT) templates; the inhibitory activities were directly related to the percent of tholation. In a bacterial DNA polymerase (E coli-K12 with denatured calf thymus DNA as template) MPCI-III showed no activity. Biological experiments showed that MPC III inhibits the leukemogenic potential of cell-free spleen extracts from FVL-infected mice to about 60%, measured on the basis of spleen weight. The enzymatic and animal experiments have led us to carry out preliminary clinical trials in some cases of Children leukemia. These cases, resistent to the known therapeutic regimes (combination chemotherapy), responded well when treated with MPC along, or in combination with poly I. The experiments indicate that the development of modified polynucleotids with structural similarities to functional templates may be of potential use in the future chemotherapy of leukemia. PMID- 49987 TI - [Transposition of great arteries. Results of treatment 1967-1973]. AB - Since Rashkind's Ballon Atrio Septostomy (BAS) was introduced to this Department in Jan. 1967 93 infants with d-TGA were investigated and treated. Of these 70 were included in the study to be presented. Because of major additional anatomic defects, such as valvular atresia, underdevelopment of a ventricle or DORV 23 were excluded. - For Hamburg and the surrounding area with a population of 3-4 million we expected 20 to 30 cases of d-TGA per annum, but only 70 were seen during the 6 1/2 years period of observation. Of these, 64 were palliated by BAS. - Of 70 patients 41 were alive at the age of 6 months, while 29 died within the first 6 month of life. At present 30 are alive, 14 after total correction (Mustard); all 30 were treated with procedures such as BAS, palliative surgery or corrective surgery. - Of 70 patients 37 had simple TGA and 33 combined TGA (VSD, PDA, PS, Coarct.). The life: death ratios of these two groups are identical. - The number of palliative procedures is by far smaller in simple TGA (3) than in combined TGA (23). - The 18 Mustard operations were performed in children between 18 months and 3 1/2 years of age. Since many patients die between the age of 6 and 18 months earlier total correction is imperative. Dysrhythmias and patch shrinkage has occurred twice in 18 Mustard operations. Four patients died within 30 hours following surgery. - Many infants (29) died of simple causes such as respiratory or gastro-intestinal infections during the first 6 months after the initial BAS. A close follow up with frequent x-ray examinations and determinations of hematocrit is recommended in order to increase the rate of survival to the age when total correction is possible. PMID- 49988 TI - [Origin and nature of acantholytic cells in pemphigus vulgaris]. PMID- 49989 TI - [Vital fluorescent staining of microorganisms by 3',6'-diacetyl-fluoresceine for determination of their metabolic activity (author's transl)]. AB - By fluorescent microscopy and spectroscopy studies involving micro-organisms which were either viable or devitalised by heat sterilisation or gamma irradiation and could not be cultured any more, fluorochrome binding with 3' , 6' diacetyl fluorescein was shown to be linked with the viability of a cell and a function of its actual metabolic state. The incorporation of diacetyl fluorescein into cells, its storage and hydrolysis to fluorescein mean active processes taking place at high speed. Viable cells are capable of storing fluorescein intracellularly, bound to structural elements. If the storage capacity is surpassed, it will be eliminated from the cell. The mechanism of this process is discussed. Devitalised cells are not capable of active uptake of fluorescein nor of its storage and accelerated hydrolysis. Beyond this, they are incapable of fluorescein binding to structural elements. There will be only a minor homogenous staining of such cells by fluorescein. An express method based upon the results is providing information on viability, actual metabolic state, morphology, and motility of micro-organisms within a few minutes and without affecting onward culturing. PMID- 49990 TI - Antigenic, antibiotic and phage receptor activity of proteins from Sh. boydii 15. AB - The analyzed strain of Sh. boydii 15 induced antibodies against the somatic antigen conjugate, as in most Shigella. Except for the proteinic carrier of the somatic antigen, only a few of the homologous proteinic determinants induced corresponding antibodies; these were illustrated with the help of a serum to proteins from Sh. sonnei. The proteins of Sh. boydii 15 displayed a wide range of antibiotic activity against Shigella, E. coli and Salmonella. Another aspect concerning the biological activities of the proteins isolated from Sh. boydii 15 was its temperate phage receptor activity. This activity was found as well in the free proteins as in the proteinic moiety of the somatic antigen. PMID- 49991 TI - [The differenziation of swine-mycoplasma by acrylamide-gel-electrophoresis (author's transl)]. AB - The strains of swine mycoplasma (Tab. 1) were grown aerobically in Whittlestone's Medium containing swine serum for 4-5 days at 37 degrees C. After centrifugation and washing they were freeze-dried and extracted with a phenol-acetic acid-water solution (4:2:1) (1 ml/5 mg mycoplasma dru weight) at 4 degrees C over 48 h. After centrifugation 2 volumes of the supernatant were mixed with 1 volume of a 40% sucrose solution in 35% acetic acid. 0,15 or 0,2 ml of which were added to the acrylamide-gel (2 ml in a tube 0,5 times 10 cm) containing 5 M urea and 35% acetic acid. This solution was overlayed with 0,1 ml 75% acetic acid and tubes then filled with 10% acetic acid. The solution in both electrode chambers was 10% acetic acid, too. During the first 5 min it was separated with 2 mA/tube, then 3 or 5 h with 4 mA/tube. The protein bands were stained with amido black 10B. For control steril culture medium was investigated, too. Various preparations of freeze-dried M. hyopneumoniae gave identical protein patterns. Nearly identical were the patterns of protein bands from M. suipneumoniae and M. hyopneumoniae; that means identity of the strains or very close relationship (Figs. 1 and 2). This is in agreement with other authors who investigated both strains with serological methods. M. suipneumoniae and M. hyopneumoniae were found to be different as well from M. hyorhinis and M. sp. E9 from M. granularum (Figs. 1 and 2). Between M. hyorhinis and M. sp. E9 less relationship was noted. All these results were in agreement with investigations performed with the aid of Latex agglutination. PMID- 49992 TI - [Investigations of some metachrome-yellow-preparations as an basic ingredient for metachromgelb-wasserblau-laktose-agar (Gassners medium) (author's transl)]. AB - Experiments with 5 commercial- and 4 testpreparations of Metachrome Yellow have been conducted. Results of this investigations show that the value of Gassners Medium is depending on the quality of the inhibitory substance. The microbiologically active substance (inhibition of grampositive bacteria and prevention of swarming of Proteus) was chemically identified as "Beizengelb GT Color Index 14025" correlating with CI Mordant Yellow I. Test sample II of CHROMA GESELL-SCHAFT, STUTTGART is recommended as the best "Metachrom-Yellow for preparation of Gassners-Medium Now. Presumable this medium was modified repeatedly after its introduction in bacteriology in 1918 by Gassner. This can be an explanation for the different evaluations of Gassners medium and also for the numerous experiments which have been conducted to modify the medium. Indentity control of chemicals used in microbiology is done by thin layer and paper chromatography. This control should be done in cooperation with chemists more frequently than before. PMID- 49993 TI - Heterologous protections in experimental salmonellosis. AB - Immunizations of mice with proteins from S. paratyphi B protected the animals against infection with a concentration of S. paratyphi C which killed the controls and against an infection with 50 LD100 of the homologous S. paratyphi B. The sera of the infected mice showed common precipitation lines of proteins from the two species belonging to different serogroups. Consecutive inoculations with S. typhimurium of both groups of vaccinated mice protected the animals against the infection with their natural pathogen. Immunizations with proteins from S. cholerae-suis protected about 70% of the mice infected with S. paratyphi B and with S. paratyphi C; a higher protection was not, however, induced against infection with the homologous strain. Consecutive infections with S. typhi-murium of the mice resulted in total protection of the animals previously inoculated with S. paratyphi B and S. paratyphi C; the group of mice infected with S. cholerae-suis was less protected against the subsequent inoculation with S. typhi murium (about 50%). In the infections of mice, S. paratyphi B and S. paratyphi C, seem related to S. typhi-murium by common proteins; the proportion of common protective determinants is not yet known. PMID- 49994 TI - Comparative filter techniques. PMID- 49995 TI - Letter: The false positive smear. PMID- 49996 TI - Mixed leukocyte reaction and hl-a specificity at multiple sclerosis. AB - Compared with the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) between cells from healthy individuals, the MLR between cells from two patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is, on average, reduced in strength. There is a tendency for the most marked reduction of MLR to occur when both or neither of the members in a tested pair carry HL-A7, and when cells from patients in a relatively early stage of the disease (short duration, relapses but no permanent disablement) are studied; especially when cells from these patients are used as reactor clels in the MLR. Repeated studies of the same cell combinations with varying intervals showed that when both members of the pair carry HL-A7,--and therefore have a large chance also to carry LD-7a--the MLR strength is relatively constant. When only one or neither of the members carry HL-A7, the strength of MLR varies considerably. Probably two different mechanisms exist in MLR impairment: similarity of LD genes, and "immunosuppressive" factors which can vary during the course of the disease. PMID- 49997 TI - Some paediatric aspects of myelomeningocele. PMID- 49998 TI - A fluorescence and electron microscopic study of the adrenergic innervation in the vestibular ganglion and sensory areas. AB - The adrenergic innervation in the vestibular ganglion and sensory areas in rabbit and cat was studied with fluorescence and electron microscopic techniques. All adrenergic nerve fibres consisted of postganglionic axons from the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion. In rabbit, postganglionic nerve fibres passed via the carotic plexus. Probably because of the anatomical difference, the feline internal carotic artery being rudimentary, all sympathetic nerve fibres to the inner ear in cat passed via the tympanic plexus. In the vestibular ganglion there was a uniform distribution of adrenergic nerve fibres and there was no difference in distribution patterns between rabbit and cat. There was a continuous blood vessel innervation and an innervation independent of blood vessles. The adrenergic innervation extended to the sensory areas but did not seem to penetrate the basement membrane and no adrenergic nerve terminals were found in direct contact with sensory or secretory cells. PMID- 49999 TI - The basement membrane and lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast. AB - The basement membrane (BM) was examined by light microscopy in cases of lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast (LCIS), employing the following stains: haematoxylin-eosin, van Gieson-Hansen, PAS, colloidal-iron-PAS, and reticulin. The BM was non-intact in 12 out of 26 investigated cases of LCIS when reticulin staining was applied, but appeared non-intact in about 70 per cents with the other staining methods. On the other side control areas of the BM were intact in 23 out of 26 cases with reticulin stain, but in only about half of the cases with other stains. It is concluded that reticulin staining is the most suitable in evaluating the BM in LCIS, and that more or less pronounced defects of the BM in LCIS cannot be considered evidence of imminent invasion. Although the overall occurrence of invasive breast carcinoma was significantly increased in 9 cases with epithelial cell protrusion through the BM, this feature should be investigated further before it is allowed to affect therapeutic decisions. PMID- 50000 TI - Cell death in the morphogenesis and teratogenesis of the heart. PMID- 50001 TI - Rabbit immunoglobulin allotypes: structure, immunology, and genetics. PMID- 50002 TI - Demand pacemaker arrhythmias caused by intermittent incomplete electrode fracture. Diagnosis with testing magnet. AB - This report describes how the testing magnet was used to diagnose intermittent and incomplete electrode fracture in two patients with an implanted demand pacemaker. During fixed-rate pacing the interval between two consecutive pacemaker spikes intermittently doubled in length, suggesting that the pulse generator was continuing to fire on time into a transiently disrupted circuit. Attenuated pacemaker spikes occurring at the anticipated time of pacemaker discharge also provided a diagnostic clue. Ventricular electrograms from the defective electrodes registered small false signals. PMID- 50003 TI - In-vitro platelet-neutrophil adherence. AB - The specific adherence of platelets to neutrophils in vitro has been noted with increasing frequency and with increasing interest, but its significance remains obscure. Two cases in which this event occurred are presented, and the literature is reviewed. PMID- 50004 TI - Hemolytic anemia caused by auto anti-N. AB - The second case of hemolytic anemia caused by auto anti-N, occurring in a 7-year old boy, is described. The antibody was IgG, as shown by the use of specific anti human IgG Coombs sera, failure of inactivation by 2-mercaptoethanol, and chromatographic separation on a G-200 Sephadex column. PMID- 50005 TI - A technic for bone marrow imprints from postmortem specimens. AB - A simple technic for making bone marrow imprints from postmortem specimens is described. The preparations are highly reproducible, retaining excellent cytologic detail with minimal cell distortion and can be used for evaluation of cellularity. PMID- 50006 TI - Hematoxylin substitutes. A study of phenocyanin TC and the use of afterchrome mordanting in histology. AB - A practical, simple synthesis of the obsolete mordant dye, phenocyanin, was devised, proceding from gallocyanin and resorcinol with acid and heat. The dye gave promise of good performance in metachrome iron mixtures, but because of excessive precipitation, the practice of afterchroming was taken from textile dyeing usage, and proved very successful. Of a number of metallic salts tried, Fe II proved to be the best, then Cu II and Fe III. The stain acts as a cationic dye on nucleic acids and other acidic tissue components: acid mucins, cartilage, mast cells, corpora amylacea, etc. The afterchroming process renders the stain much more resistant to various extraction agents and even moderately resistant to acid alcohol. Color values are quite comparable to those obtained with hematoxylin eosin when an eosin counterstain is used. Nuclei basophilic cytoplasm, Nissl granules, and bacteria color dark blue; cartilage, mast cells, and some acid mucins, deep violet. Staining with the 1% solution was essentially unaltered from neutrality down to 1.2 N HCl, pH 0.68, and dilution of the dye to 0.05% in 1% conc. HCl (pH 1.2) still gave excellent nuclear, RNA, and mast-cell staining. At 0.02% and pH 1.2, nuclear staining was distinctly weakened; mast cell granules were still dark violet. PMID- 50007 TI - Unusual ultrastructural features of a leiomyosarcoma of the lung;. AB - The electron microscopic features of a leiomyosarcoma occurring in the lung, a rare site, were studied; Unusual was the fwnding of extremely electron-dense bands that interrupted the longitudinally-arranged microfilaments and dense bodies of many of the tumor cells. These bands superficially resembled anomalous Z-bands seen in nemalin myopathy and aging rat cardiac muscle, but have not been described to occur in smooth muscle tumors. They are thought to represent condensations of dense bodies in degenerating tumor cells. PMID- 50008 TI - Unusual ultrastructural features of leiomyosarcoma of the lung. AB - The electron microscopic features of a leiomyosarcoma occurring in the lung, a rare site, were studied. Unusual was the finding of extremely electron-dense bands that interrupted the longitudinally-arranged microfilaments and dense bodies of many of the tumor cells. The bands superficially resembled anomalous Z bands seen in nemalin myopathy and aging rat cardiac muscle, but have not been described to occur in smooth muscle tumors. They are thought to represent condensations of dense bodies in degenerating tumor cells. PMID- 50009 TI - Hydralazine-induced lupus erythematosus-like syndrome. AB - A reversible syndrome resembling systemic lupus erythematosus and induced by hydralazine hydrochloride therapy is a well-recognized phenomenon in adults but does not seem to have been reported in children. A 9-year-old girl had fever, arthralgias, modest joint swelling, splenomegaly, antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), anitbodies against native and denatured DNA, and positive LE cell preparations after nine months of hydralazine hydrochloride therapy, 120 mg/day. Clinical findings returned to normal within four weeks of discontinuing the drug therapy, and serological abnormalities disappeared after 11 months. Like previously reported patients, the child is white and has a slow acetylation phenotype. It is not known whether children receiving hydralazine are as susceptible to this complication as adults. Periodic ANA determinations may be advisable for children receiving hydralazine, especially if they are white and have a slow acetylation phenotype. PMID- 50010 TI - Techniques for teaching pre- and postoperative patients. PMID- 50011 TI - Norlestrin-induced pseudopregnancy in the baboon. Effects on blood coagulation and endocrine glands during attempted production of Sheehan's syndrome. AB - Production of Sheehan's syndrome was attempted. As it was not possible to obtain pregnant baboons initially, pseudopregnancy was induced with norlestrin, 2.k mg., for 3 and 4 months, respectively. Sheehan's syndrome was not produced with massive hypovolemic shock but failure to obtain true pregnancy has given serendipitous information on the long-term action of norlestrin on the pituitary and its target organs. Unusual abundance of prolactin acidophils and decrease of growth hormone acidophils was found. Further studies will be necessary to show the possible significance of these findings. As fibrin degradation products did not appear in the serum, we can make no inference about the necessity of intravascular coagulation for the production of Sheehan's phenomenon. Finally one animal became pregnant. Sheehan's phenomenon was not produced in her despite induction of intrapartum hypovolemic shock. Histologic findings in her pituitary resemble those of the pseudopregnant animals. PMID- 50012 TI - Intrauterine diagnosis and control of fetal ventricular arrhythmia during labor. AB - A very rare case of a sustained fetal ventricular arrythmia in the form of bigeminy, trigeminy, and quadrigeminy during labor is described. The rhythm distrubance failed to respond to sedatives and narcotics but was successfuly reverted to sinus rhythm following the administration of intravenous propranolol to the mother. The significance and possible mechanism of the arrhythmia is discussed. PMID- 50013 TI - Thyroid disease in pregnancy. AB - It is frequently difficult to establish a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in association with pregnancy. Signs and symptoms suggestive of hyperthyroidism may occur in normal pregnancy. Moreover, tests to rule out hyperthyroidism under these conditions are not readily available. Mild hyperthyroidism is not a hazard to an otherwise normal pregnancy and does not require therapy on the basis of this presumption. Hyperthyroidism of a clinically significant degree is safely treatable by medical means without hazard to the fetus. Hyperthyroidism is an uncommon cause for the failure of pregnancy to proceed to term. Treatment with thyroid based on a presumption of this diagnosis is justified, but such patients should be studied carefully after delivery to establish the true state of thyroid function for the future. Other conditions of thyroid dysfunction, including thyroiditis, thyroid carcinoma, nontoxic goiter, and ovarian struma rarely interfere with an otherwise normal pregnancy. PMID- 50014 TI - Comparison of two occupational therapy approaches for treating the young cerebral palsied child. AB - This pilot study compared the results of facilitation and functional treatment approaches on the overall development of 12 cerebral-palsied children aged 1 to 5 years. The Denver Developmental Screening Test and the Bayley Motor Scale were used to evaluate the subjects. Pairs of children with similar developmental ages were identified and randomly assigned to the two treatment programs. Posttests and subsequent statistical analyses indicated that the group of children receiving the facilitation treatment approach showed significant improvement then did the group receiving the functional treatment approach in computed developmental age. Results suggest that comparative and evaluative studies should be continued on these approaches, as well as on other areas of clinical practice, to validate the effectiveness of occupational therapy treatment. PMID- 50015 TI - Comparison of straddling and sitting apparatus for the spastic cerebral-palsied child. AB - The sitting posture of a spastic cerebral-palsied child in a standard chair and on a straddling apparatus is discussed in this paper. It is suggested from the literature that a sitting apparatus which encourages hip abduction positioning provides the stability a child needs to engage in bilateral hand skills. In examining the sitting posture of a cerebral-palsied child, it is recommended that straddling apparatus be used. PMID- 50016 TI - A summer program for underachieving adolescents. AB - This paper discusses a Summer Adolescent Program organized for mentally and physically handicapped teenagers with potential for a moderate level ofindependence, but lacking in self-help, socialization, and mobility skills, and prevocational readiness. The purpose of the seven-week program is to provide a practical, activity-oriented setting where teens can capitalize on existing skills, and learn and practice new skills. Program content includes assembly project, personal care and cooking units, recreation, interaction groups, and parent participation. Evaluations are based on objectives formulated for each adolescent at the beginning of the program and on staff ratings of contacts with each youngster. PMID- 50017 TI - Caveola--vesicle complexes in the plasmalemma of erythrocytes infected by Plasmodium vivax and P cynomolgi. Unique structures related to Schuffner's dots. AB - Erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium vivax and P cynomolgi, characterized by Schuffner's dots on Giemsa-stained thin films, were studied by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry. A caveola-vesicle complex, which consisted of a caveola surrounded by vesicles, in an alveolar fashion, formed along the erythrocyte plasmalemma. Horseradish-peroxidase-labeled immunoglobulin from a monkey infected with P vivax bound to the vesicle membrane. Cationized ferritin appeared within the vesicles after incubation with viable parasitized erythrocytes, suggesting that these vesicles were pinocytotic in origin. This caveola-vesicle complex probably corresponds to Schuffner's dots because the alteration is unique to vivax- and ovale-type malarias, and its size and distribution are consistent with Schuffner's dots. Clefts observed within the cytoplasm of infected erythrocytes are present in all malarias and are unlikely candidates for Schuffner's data. PMID- 50018 TI - Preventing the abuse of little children: The Parents' Center Project for the study and prevention of child abuse. AB - Forty-six families with 73 children between the ages of six months and four years were treated in a project developed to preserve the integrity of the family while protecting the child from physical abuse. Improvement in the rate of growth and development was found among the children. There was much less improvement in the domestic functioning of their parents. However, it appeared that the parents would not have kept their children in the project if they had not been in concurrent treatment. PMID- 50019 TI - Ganglion cells in arterioles of skeletal muscle: role in sympathetic vasodilation. AB - Ganglion cells were found in arterioles of gracilis muscles of dogs 2 wk after complete extrinsic denervation. We tested the possibility that they function in active sympathetic vasodilation (SVD) induced in isolated gracilis muscles by hypothalamic stimulation. To this end various drugs were injected into the gracilis perfusate. (Drugs did not reach the systemic circulation, and exerted their effects within the gracilis itself). C6 had no effect. Submaximal doses of atropine or l-hyoscyamine delayed and slowed SVD; higher doses blocked completely. d-Hyoscyamine did not change SVD or acetylcholine vasodilation, but when administered prior to l-hyoscyamine, threshold for blockade of SVD by the l isomer increased 10,000-fold. Blockade by l-hyoscyamine of acetylcholine vasodilation was unaltered by d-hyoscyamine. Eserine partly blocked SVD, but enhanced and prolonged acetylcholine vasodilation. The foregoing and certain features of the time course of SVD are interpreted to mean that: a) atropine blocks SVD at muscarinic sites on peripheral ganglion cells; b) transmission at the ganglion cells depends on slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials; c) the final mediator of SVD at the vascular muscle cell is unknown. PMID- 50020 TI - Implicit messages concerning menstruation in commercial educational materials prepared for young adolescent girls. AB - Interviews with young girls aged 9 to 18 revealed that commercial educational materials are an important source of information about menstruation. Although these materials are valuable educational supplements, they do not provide a complete, accurate, and realistic description of menarcheal changes and emphasize good hygiene rather than dealing with the young girl's emotional needs and anxieties. The authors stress the need for more research into the physiological, cognitive, and psychological changes during puberty and the obligation of parents, schools, and other social institutions to provide more comprehensive information to the maturing girl about the essential issues of pubertal development. PMID- 50021 TI - [Allergic reactions following dextrane infusions (author's transl)]. AB - 14 allergic reactions to dextran 60 and dextran 75 are reported. In 8 patients the peripheral pulse became impalpable; Medical history and clinical examination did not reveal any predisposition. Histamine liberation is to be discussed. Antihistamines did not protect against allergic reactions of colloid plasma expanders. All the patients were treated with prednisolone and fluids. After rapid infusion of Ringer-lactate and plasma protein solution to an amount of 2000 2775 ml adequate circulation was restored. PMID- 50022 TI - A procedure for the rapid, quantitative N-acetylation of amino sugar methyl glycosides. PMID- 50023 TI - Quantitation of submicrogram amounts of protein using coomassie brilliant blue R on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab-gels. PMID- 50024 TI - Microwave excitation emission spectrometry. Determination of picogram quantities of metals in metalloenzymes. PMID- 50025 TI - Efficiency of potassium permanganate in differentiating between live and dead nematodes. PMID- 50026 TI - Composition of antigens of various mycobacterial species detected with a Mycobacterium tuberculosis reference serum. AB - Immunoelectrophoresis with a reference antiserum to Mycobacterium tuberculosis permitted the identification of antigens shared by 12 species of mycobacteria. No antigens unique for M. tuberculosis were found. PMID- 50027 TI - Hepatocellular carcinoma and a variant alkaline phosphatase. AB - Four patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had a variant alkaline phosphatase that resembles the placental D-variant but is different from it in electrophoretic mobility, pH optimum, heat stability, and inhibition by phosphate. The appearance of this enzyme has been specific to hepatocellular carcinoma. Its prevalence was about 30%, while that of another marker protein, alpha-fetoprotein was 77%. The occurrence of this enzyme in serum of patients with hepatoma was, accordingly, independent of the serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration, and also independent of the appearance of the Regan or the Nagao isoenzymes and of the serum alkaline phosphatase activity. Patients with the enzyme had a massive type of hepatocellular carcinoma with grade III differentiation by Edmondson's classification. The detection of this enzyme in serum may be of help in confirming the diagnosis of hepatoma. PMID- 50028 TI - Alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and immunologic reactivity. PMID- 50029 TI - Newer approaches to treatment of liver disease in the alcoholic. PMID- 50030 TI - Liver disease and alcohol: fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and their interrelationships. PMID- 50031 TI - Substructural analysis of the microtubule and its polymorphic forms. AB - Microtubules are composed of 13 protofilaments which are aligned parallel to the long axis of the tubule, as can be seen in thin sections of material fixed in the presence of tannic acid. Evidence is presented based upon Markham rotations of the isolated flagellar axoneme that the bridges (spoke, nexin, dynein) must connect to certain specified protofilaments. By means of geometric considerations it is concluded that the bridges in a Centrohelida and Raphidiophrys also connect certain specified protofilaments. Two polymorphic forms of microtubules were also examined using tannic acid in the fixative, a 320 A tubule produced in Echinosphaerium by treatment with low temperature, and a vinblastine-induced microtubule crystal. In both forms, the arrangement of the subunits is not in the form of linear protofilaments. The vinblastine crystal in transverse section is made up of hexagonally packed tubules approximately 320 A in diameter. The wall of each tubule in turn is composed of two parallel protofilaments which spiral upwards, giving the appearance of a barber pole. The center-to-center separation of adjacent protofilaments is 180 A. We conclude that the tubulin heterodimer lies parallel to the axis of the protofilaments, exposing the colchicine binding site. PMID- 50032 TI - Microtubules and axonal transport. Introductory remarks. PMID- 50033 TI - Morphological evidence for the participation of microtubules in axonal transport. PMID- 50034 TI - Effect of antimitotic drugs on the intraaxonal transport of neurotransmitters in rat adrenergic and cholinergic nerves. PMID- 50035 TI - Inhibition of axoplasmic transport by colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and vinblastine: an effect on microtubules. PMID- 50036 TI - Effects of colchicine and vinblastine on axonal transport and transmitter release in sympathetic nerves. PMID- 50037 TI - Action of colchicine on axonal flow and pituicytes in the hypothalamopituitary system of the rat. AB - Changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary tract and the pituicytes of the rat were studied after intrathecal and intraperitoneal injections of colchicine. Radioautography with 35S-cysteine demonstrates that intrathecal colchicine prevents the migration of neurosecretory granules from the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei to the posterior lobe of the pituitary. This results in accumulations of neurosecretory granules and in the formation in the axons of elongated structures resembling neurosecretory products, although they sometimes have a fibrillary content. Neurotubules appear to remain intact in these conditions. The stimulation of the posterior pituitary by dehydration, in particular after injection of the diuretic furosemide, leads to an increased activity of pituicytes. When colchicine is injected at the same time as furosemide, a considerable new formation of centrioles is observed in the pituicytes. These become associated with ciliary vesicles, and form numerous cilia of the 9 + 0 type. An increased number of centrioles is also seen in the endothelial cells of the posterior lobe of the pituitary. These apparently paradoxical results were briefly discussed in relation to the action of colchicine on neurotubules and axonal flow and to the limited data from the literature indicating a stimulation of cilia formation under the action of colchicine and other drugs. PMID- 50038 TI - Microtubules, cyclic AMP, calcium, and secretion. PMID- 50039 TI - Retinal and pigment epithelial alterations over choroidal malignant melanomas. AB - Although in some cases orange or yellow-orange pigment overlying a malignant choroidal melanoma may represent lipofuscin, a case is presented which showed extensive yellow-orange coloration overlying a malignant choroidal melanoma without any demonstrable lipofuscin on histopathologic and electron microscopic analysis. Our findings suggest that other mechanisms, such as serous fluid or lipid deposition within retinal cystoid spaces or diffuse drusen, can clinically stimulate the yellow-orange pigment associated with lipofuscin. PMID- 50040 TI - Museum preparations of the conducting system of the heart. AB - A technique of dissection of the sinuatrial node and of the atrioventricular node and main conducting bundles of the ox heart, without injection, is described. Museum specimens prepared in this way are illustrated. PMID- 50041 TI - [Temporary stimulation in the prevention of ventricular rhythm disorders after myocardial infarct. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 50042 TI - Supernumerary bisatellited chromosome in a family ascertained through a patient with Sturge-Weber syndrome. AB - The presence of a structurally abnormal extra chromosome in a patient with Sturge Weber syndrome and several members of her family is described. With routine techniques the abnormal chromosome is slightly submetacentric, of the size of a G group chromosome and shows satellites on both arms. C-banding suggested the presence of 2 centromeric regions rather than one, and to explain this finding, in addition to the segregation of the abnormal chromosome through 3 generations and why only one centromere is visible with the usual cytogenetic technique, an hypothesis is advanced suggesting that it resulted from an unusual type of Robertsonian translocation, in which one of the breacks involved directly the centromere of an acrocentric producing a partially dicentric bisate-lited chromosome. The association of Sturge-Weber syndrome with the chromosome abnormality is thought to be fortuitous and the lack of clinical manifestations of all members of this family with the abnormal chromosome, including one with two extra ones, is explained by the fact that it was almost entirely formed by heterochromatic material. The usefulness of C-banding in the study of this patient is strongly emphasized. PMID- 50043 TI - Partial trisomy 10q occurring in a family with a reciprocal translocation t(10;18)(q25;q23). AB - Partial trisomy 10q was observed in an eighteen year old girl with severe mental and physical retardation, microcephaly, a high forehead, microphthalmia, antimongoloid slants, low set ears and severely malformed extremities. A balanced translocation t(10q-;18q+), present in several family members, was identified by fluorescence and thermic denaturation techniques; the break points were 10q25 and 18q23. A comparison made with seven similar cases suggests a common, phenotypical appearance which may be of diagnostic value. PMID- 50044 TI - 17 long arm isochromosome. A common anomaly in malignat blood disorders. AB - A cytogenetic anomaly consisting in the replacement of a 17 by its long arm isochromosome was identified as the only alteration in the marrow cells of two patients with acute granulocytic leukemia. In one case, the specific nature of the abnormal chromosome was established by newly available techniques. Since its identification in 1965, this structural anomaly, which implies 17 long arm duplication and short arm deletion, has been observed, as a sole or as an associated finding, in the malignant cells of a spectrum of blood disorders, including acute granulocytic leukemias, the blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia and lymphoreticular proliferative disorders. Attention is called to this particular rearrangement for its clinical as well as fundamental implications, as its presence in blood forming cells unfailingly hearalds a fast, fatal course of evolution. PMID- 50045 TI - [2:12 (p25;q21) translocation classed at first as 2/X]. AB - A balanced translocation t(2;12)(p25;q21) was observed in a girl with mental retardation and several somatic abnormalities. The problems of phenotype karyotype correlations are discussed. PMID- 50046 TI - The total correction of congenital heart disease in infants. AB - If radical correction of congenital heart disease can be performed with a low risk in the first year of life the advantages are obvious. Total correction avoids the latent risks of the underlying lesion and the risks of palliative surgery, and relieves the parents and family of the psychological pressure of a major illness. Palliative surgery, although offering survival, may include the long term problems of the palliative operation itself, and the possibility that cases may be lost to further treatment or follow-up examination after a successful palliative operation. For these reasons, to be desirable, a palliative operation should offer a survival chance that is at least 10% better than the corrective procedure in that patient at that time. That is, any corrective procedure with a mortality rate less than 10% is to be perferred at any age to a palliative operation. An accurate assessment of risk demands a complete diagnostic study, and a knowledge of the natural history of that form of congenital heart disease. The problems of infants with congenital heart disease are not primarily caused by age of size. The main problem is that of natural selection. PMID- 50047 TI - Immunologic release of chemical mediators from human tissues. PMID- 50048 TI - Inhibition of dihydrostreptomycin action on Mycobacterium smegmatis by monovalent and divalent cation salts. AB - We have examined and compared the effects of monovalent and divalent cation salts on dihydrostreptomycin (DSM) action against Mycobacterium smegmatis. The Sauton synthetic liquid medium used was supplemented with test salts on the basis of ionic strength (mu). Turbidimetric growth experiments showed that 0.02 M MgSO(4) (mu = 0.08) prevented growth inhibition by 0.1 mug of dihydrostreptomycin per ml, but 0.02 M NaCl (mu = 0.02) did not. However, at molarities equivalent to mu = 0.08, four monovalent cation salts, including NaCl, Na(2)SO(4), NH(4)Cl, and (NH(4))(2)SO(4), all prevented inhibition by dihydrostreptomycin. When magnesium and sodium salts were compared at mu = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.05, two distinct growth protective patterns were seen. These data were indicative of two different mechanisms of dihydrostreptomycin antagnosim by salts; the first being divalent cation and concentration dependent, and the second being nonspecific and ionic strength dependent. Viability studies supported the existence of two mechanisms. PMID- 50049 TI - Presence of two virus-like particles in Penicillium citrinum. AB - Two icosahedral virus-like particles (28 and 19 nm in diameter, respectively) have been detected in sporogenic and asporogenic segregants of a strain of Penicillium citrinum. The distribution of the two particles differed among the two segregants. PMID- 50050 TI - Intestinal lymphangiectasia. Long-term results with MCT diet. AB - The clinical course of 6 children with primary intestinal lymphangiectuasia who have been treated with low fat medium chain triglyceride-supplemented diets for between 3 and 8 years (4 for longer than 5 years) is described. Though laboratory findings indicate continuing chyle leak, evidence for long-term benefit from dietary treatment is provided by symptomatic relief while on the diet, clinical relapse upon relaxation of t,e regimen, and improvement in growth rates. In most patients the underlying lymphatic defect, and thus the need for dietary treatment, appears to be permanent. PMID- 50051 TI - Levels of albumin, alpha-fetoprotein, and IgG in human fetal cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 50052 TI - [Formation of elastic fibers around basal cell carcinomas: light microscopical observations (author's transl)]. AB - From 275 specimens of all sorts of basal cell epitheliomas the new formation of elastic fibers was histologically investigated by means of selective elastic tissue stains such as orcein and resorcinfuchsin. In nearly one third of the basal cell epitheliomas newly formed elastic fibers could be observed in the stroma. In places where a new formation of elastic fibers was demonstrated fibroblasts and mast cells (toluidine blue stain) were unusually numerous. Apparently the influence of the growing tumor masses of basal cell epitheliomas leads to a dermo-epidermal interaction in the form of 1. increase of mast cells 2. stimulation of fibroblasts 3. new formation of elastic fibers. The observation suggest that there exists a relationship between the above noted findings. Due to the dermo-epithelial interaction (even in senile skin) in the stroma of basal cell epithelioma fibroblasts can be stimulated to such a degree that they regain the ability to produce elastic fibers-a function which usually is greatly diminished with increasing age. The findings seem to be important from the view point of rejuvenation of aging human skin. PMID- 50053 TI - Elemental analysis of honey as an indicator of pollution. Forty-seven elements in honeys produced near highway, industrial, and mining areas. AB - Nineteen samples of honey taken from grocery shelves, near zinc mines, adjacent to an industrial area, and near a major highway, and one sample collected in 1899 were subjected to spark source mass spectrometry to determine the concentration of most of 47 elements in the honey. Certain samples of honey produced by bees in the vicinity of the New York State Thruway appeared to contain elevated levels of certain elements known to be emitted by traffic, such as aluminum, barium, calcuim, copper, magnesium, nickel, palladium, and silicon, but the true source of these elements was uncertain. Honey that had come into contact with metal containers in processing contained the greatest amounts of zinc and tin. PMID- 50054 TI - Preliminary immunologic characterization of glycoprotein antigens (CEA) of tumors of gastrointestinal tract in humans. AB - Using the method of double diffusion in agar and precipitation, inhibition test and specific antitumor immune sera, perchloric extracts of carcinomas of the stomach and lower parts of the gastrointestinal tract were found to contain a carcinoembryonic antigen with electrophoretic mobility of gamma-globulins. Antigens from carcinomas of all studied parts of the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, sigmoid, colon and rectum) gave lines of identity in the test of double diffusion in agar. This antigen was not demonstrable in the mucous membranes surrounding the carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract or in normal organs (gastrointestinal mucosa, liver, kidneys, spleen, plasma), or in perchloric extracts of gastrointestinal tissues of human fetuses. PMID- 50055 TI - Surgical treatment of gastric carcinoma: a regional study of 2,590 patients over a 27-year period. PMID- 50056 TI - Antigenic specificity of S.M.O.M. Virus by indirect immuno-fluorescent test. PMID- 50057 TI - Infectious bursal disease agent: morphology by negative stain electron microscopy. AB - The virus of infectious bursal disease of chickens was studied by immune electron microscopy. Negatively-stained preparations revealed morphological similarities with both the bluetongue virus group, and the virus of infectious pancreatic necrosis of trout. Results indicated that the small particle found in such preparations is a degradation product of the large particle. PMID- 50058 TI - Bleomycin: action on growth of oncogenic RNA viruses and on cell transformation. AB - Bleomycin (BLM) inhibits cell proliferation of noninfected chick embryo fibroblasts by blocking their DNA synthesis selectively. Chick embryo fibroblasts have beentransformed by Schmidt-Ruppin D strain of Rous Sarcoma Virus. Transformation has been determined by a focus assay. Foci formation is strongly reduced by BLM. Virus replication is inhibited by BLM in growing and confluent monolayer cells. This result might be explained by the observation that this drug reduces proliferation of growing and of confluent monolayer cells very sensitively. During the first 24 hours after infection the BLM inhibitory effect is more pronounced than in the case of BLM-application during the period 24--48 hours after infection. This result is explained by published results, showing that cell division is required only for the intitiation of transcription of virus RNA but not for its maintenance. BLM has only little effect on virus growth in transformed cells, because in these cells initiation of transcription of virus RNA has already taken place before the drug was added. From the data obtained it is concluded, that BLM inhibits growth of Rous Sarcoma Virus by blocking cell proliferation. PMID- 50059 TI - Circulating immune complexes. Effects on ocular vascular permeability in the rabbit. AB - Sudden transient, alteration in vascular permeability is producible in rabbit eyes by intravenous injection of large quantities of antigen, bovine gamma globulin (BGG), into immunized animals or by intravenous injection of large amounts of antigen-antibody complexes (BGG-antiBGG) prepared in antigen excess (20 to 25times) in normal rabbits. Change is measured by ocular accumulation of iodinated I125 serum albumin, relative to that in heart blood, in intact eyes and separate anatomical compartments, in aqueous, in the anterior eye including (lens plus vitreous), and in the posterior segment. Primarily affected are vessels in the iridial portion of ciliary processess; edema is the primary finding. The same vessels are affected by intravenous injection of bacterial endotoxin, but compared with endotoxin, altered vascular permeability is short-lived and is not associated with formation of platelet plugs and intravenous fibrin strands. PMID- 50060 TI - Human bartholin gland, duct, and duct cyst. Histochemical and ultrastructural study. PMID- 50061 TI - Pituitary adenoma producing amyloid-like substance. AB - Light and electron microscopical examination of a pituitary adenoma showed that the tumor was composed of prolactin cells that produced amyloid-like material. The findings have been interpreted in favor of the role of rough endoplasmic reticulum in amyloid fibril formation within the adenoma cells. Histochemical and fine structural data indicate that the material produced by this tumor resembles apudamyloid rather than immunoamyloid. PMID- 50062 TI - Adrenocortical postirradiation fibrosis. AB - At autopsy, the adrenal zona reticularis showed linear hyaline fibrosis in 19 cases of cancer, after averages of six months and 5,000 roentgens of irradiation to the abdominal, lumbar, or pelvic regions. The associated roentgen dose was significantly greater than when postirradiation adrenal fibrosis was absent. Primary radiation damage to the reticular vascular plexus is suspected. PMID- 50063 TI - Perianal Paget disease. Histochemical differentiation utilizing the borohydride KOH-PAS reaction. AB - Specimens from various types of Paget disease, other tumors, and certain normal tissues were examined with a battery of histochemical techniques, including the sodium borohydride-potassium hydroxide-PAS method that specifically stains certain sialomucins that are found in terminal parts of the ileum and of the colon. These sialomucins were present in normal anal ducts but were not present in transitional or anal-covering epithelium. A case of perianal Paget disease showed strongly positive staining, both in the underlying mucinous adenocarcinoma and in Paget cells of the affected anal and perianal skin. In contrast, stains of other forms of Paget disease were totally negative with this technique, as well as malignant melanoma and Bowen disease. These results support the theory that Paget disease represents epidermal invasion by malignant cells from underlying tumor. PMID- 50064 TI - High field carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy. Conformational mobility in gramicidin S and frequency dependence of 13-C spin-lattice relaxation times. PMID- 50065 TI - Stimulation of bleomycin-induced fragmentation of DNA by intercalating agents. PMID- 50066 TI - Glycoprotein differences between the ascites and cultured forms of the sarcoma 180 tumor. PMID- 50068 TI - Exposure of histone F1 subfractions in chromatin. PMID- 50067 TI - Homing of liposomes to target cells. PMID- 50069 TI - Early temporal changes in the uridine kinase isozyme profile of the Novikoff hepatoma in response to 5-azacytidine treatment. PMID- 50070 TI - Interaction of methotrexate with lipotropic factors in rat liver. PMID- 50071 TI - [Experimental study of the correlation between function and morphology of rat thyroid after the application of methylthiouracil and thyroid stimulating hormone]. AB - In an experimental study with 359 male Wistar rats the thyroid function was altered with MTU and TSH. The morphological changes developing due to this treatment were compared with the hormone blood level measured as labelled protein bound iodine (PBI-127). Furthermore, the content of PBI-131 was determined and the I-131 uptake of the thyroid after application of TSH was measured. It was shown that with a dosis which had no influence on the PBI-127 and radioiodine values, the height of the thyroid epithelium already revealed a significant reaction. By a morphological examination together with the histometrical determination of the height of the thyroid epithelium the hormone-dependent increase in activity may be determined quantitatively. PMID- 50072 TI - [Correlation of in vitro testing and therapeutical results in animal transplanted tumors after cytostatic treatment]. AB - The antineoplastic activity of 5 substances was tested in vivo and in vitro on four different tumours (plasmocytoma and melanoma Fortner III of the Syrian golden hamster, the Walker carcinosarkoma 256 and an adenocarcinoma of the rat). The substances involved were 2,3,5-triethyleniminobenzoquinone-(1,4) (triaziquone), actinomycin D, podophyllinic ethylhydrazide (mitopodozide), bleomycin and adriamycin hydrochloride. The effect of the substances in vivo was measured on the size of the tumour, and in vitro on the incorporation of 3-H thymidine and 3-H-uridine in short-term incubations of tumour-cell suspensions. No correlation was observed between the 3-H-thymidine incorporation in vitro and the response of the tumours in vivo. On the other hand, the 3-H-uridine incorporation in the tumour-cell suspensions in vitro was in good agreement with the results of therapy in the animal experiments. This is compatible with the results of earlier experiments using other substances to investigate the possible correlation between tumour therapy and in vitro tests. PMID- 50073 TI - Lipid in the Achilles tendon. A comparative study. AB - The tendo Achillis of man and its homologue from a fairly wide range of exotic animals, most of which had died in captivity from natural causes, have been examined for stainable lipid. Adiposity of the tendon was seen principally in man. Chondroid plaques, containing an abundance of intracellular triglycerides, are a normal feature in birds. Similar thickenings in the few reptiles examined were rich in phospholipids. Extracellular (perifibrous, interstitial) deposits of lipid with a high content of esterified cholesterol were found in more than 90% of human specimens, in 52% of other mammals and in 62.5% of birds included in the survey. In general, lipid insudation of tendons increased with age and was less intense in animals than man. Aetiological factors and the relationship of extracellular lipid deposits in tendons to those in the arterial wall and dura mater are considered. PMID- 50074 TI - Impotence in patients treated with clofibrate. AB - Three of our regularly controlled patients suffering from Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia and treated with clofibrate complained of impotence within one year after commencement of treatment with this drug. Two of the patients had previously suffered from myocardial infarction. Two patients observed improvement of the symptom 3 and 4 weeks after interruption of clofibrate therapy; one patient again complained of impotence when clofibrate therapy was resumed. The third patient continued intake of the drug up to the present day, and still complains of impotence. PMID- 50075 TI - Evaluation of arrhythmias in the late hospital phase of acute myocardial infarction compared to coronary care unit ectopy. AB - To evaluate the prevalence and nature of arrhythmias during the entire three-week period in hospital after myocardial infarction, the results of coronary care unit monitoring (initial 3 to 5 days) were compared with continuous 8-hour portable monitoring during the ambulatory phase (second and third weeks) in 83 consecutive survivors. Arrhythmias were detected in 84.3 per cent (70/83) of patients while in the coronary care unit and in 85.5 per cent (71/83) during hospital stay after the coronary care unit. Ventricular ectopic depolarizations were classified as complicated (multifocal, paired, R on T, or five or more a minute) or uncomplicated. Importantly, the high frequency of complicated ventricular extrasystoles and tachycardia persisted during the entire period in hospital (early 34.9% and late 42.5% of all patients). However, only 16.9 per cent (14/83)had these ventricular arrhythmias during both coronary care unit and ward monitoring. Thus, the absence of complicated ventricular ectopic depolarization and ventricular tachycardia in the coronary care unit did not exclude their subsequent occurrence in the majority of the large number of patients with late hospital complicated ventricular ectopy. PMID- 50076 TI - The prevention of deep vein thrombosis after surgery. PMID- 50077 TI - Regional anaesthesia for pain relief. PMID- 50078 TI - The smell of cancer. AB - A middle aged man presented reluctantly to his General Practitioner with the complaint of offensive body odour and he was referred for a dermatological opinion. On examination a malignant looking ulcer emitting a foul odour was found in the site of his penis. PMID- 50079 TI - The cytological difference between amniotic fluids of male and female fetuses. AB - Counts of cyanophilic squamous cells in 48 specimens of amniotic fluid obtained during the last three months of pregnancy gave the correct diagnosis of the sex of the fetus in every case. It is confirmed that the fetal genital tract is the source of a considerable exfoliation of cyanophilic squamous cells. Counts of total cells per mm3 on 38 specimens showed that amniotic fluid from female fetuses at any one week of gestation. The cytological sex difference should be taken into consideration in the interpretation of differential cell count estimations of fetal maturity. PMID- 50080 TI - Role of sex-hormone-binding globulin in hormonal changes and amenorrhoea in thyrotoxic women. AB - Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), oestrogen, testosterone and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were determined in 15 thyrotoxic women in the reproductive age before and after treatment with carbimazole. The levels of these hormones and SHBG were compared with those of 12 euthyroid healthy female volunteers of comparable age and parity. Plasma gonadotrophins (LH and FSH), oestrogen, testosterone and SHBG were all markedly elevated in thyrotoxic subjects but became normal when the euthyroid state and normal menstruation were restored after treatment. From the results a hypothesis is suggested that related the hormonal disturbance primarily to a thyroid hormone induced rise in SHBG levels. PMID- 50081 TI - Use of a specific probe for ovalbumin messenger RNA to quantitate estrogen induced gene transcripts. AB - DNA complementary to purified ovalbumin messenger RNA (cDNA ov) was synthesized in vitro using RNA-directed DNA olymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus. This cDNAov was then employed in hybridization assays to determine the effect of estrogen on the number of ovalbumin mRNA (MRNAov) molecules per tubular gland cell of the chick oviduct. The changes in mRNAov were measured in immature chicks during primary stimulation, after hormone withdrawal and again following secondary stimulation of the chick oviduct with estrogen. The number of mRNAov per tubular gland cell was also determined for egg-laving hen. Daily estrogen administration to the immature chick resulted in growth of the oviduct, differentiation of epithelial cells to tubular glands, and a corresponding increase in the concentration of mRNAov in the tubular gland cell from essentially zero before estrogen administration to 48,000 molecules per cell after 18 days of estrogen treatment. Upon withdrawal of estrogen from the chick, the mRNAov concentration decreased to a level of 0-10 molecules/tubular gland cell after 12 days. Readministration of a single dose of estrogen to these chicks resulted in a dramatic and rapid increase in the concentration of mRNAov. Within 30 min, the mRNAov concentration approximately doubled and by 29 hr the tubular gland cell concentration had reached 17,000 molecules. The initial transcription rate for the ovalbumin gene was 12 mRNAov molecules/min. With these data, we have calculated that the half-life of the ovalbumin messinger RNA should be on the order of 40-60 hr and that the steady-state concentration of mRNAov per tubular gland cell was 50,000 molecules. Similarly, each messenger RNA molecule was translated approximately 50,000 times during its lifetime in order to effect the necessary quantity of ovalbumin required for egg production. These data substantiate the hypothisis that estrogen exerts its primary action at the level of transcription to effect the synthesis of nascene mRNA molecules which in turn code for synthesis of hormone-induced proteins. PMID- 50082 TI - Stopped-flow kinetic studies of actinomycin binding to DNAs. AB - Stopped-flow kinetic studies of the association of actinomycins with narural and synthetic DNA duplexes are presented. The actinomycins examined were D (C1), D lactam (in which the pentapeptide rings are closed by lactam instead of lactone linkages), X2, XObeta, and actinomine. The DNAs used included claf-thymus DNA, PM2, DNA, and two synthetic d(A-T)-lide copolymers containing 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP) in place of adenine residues, poly[d(DAP-T)]-poly[d(DAP-T)] and poly[d(DAP A-T]-poly[d(DAP-A-T)]. Apparent equilibrium constants indicate that the DAP containing polynucleotides bind actinomycin strongly. Comples formation of actinomycins D, D lactam, X2 and XObeta with these DNAs can be deconvoluted into five rate processes. These steps do not necessarily proceed to completion. The rates of two of these steps display a firstorder dependence on DNA concentration. The large negative entropies of activation of these steps suggest a high degree of restriction to freedom of motion on the respective transition states. The rates of the remaining three steps are independent of DNA concentration. Kinetic parameters of actinimycin binding to DNAs are presented and suggestions are made about some of the molecular evente believed to be responsible for the appearance of the five rate processes. For example, for DNA, poly[d(DAP-A-T)], and poly[d(DAP-T)], the observed order of apparent second-order rate constants, normalized to the concentration of actinomycin binding sites, suggests that binding of the antibiotic occurs most rapidly at binding sites (G-C of d DAT-T) near d(A-T) base pairs, where weakening of the double-helical conformation requires the least energy. Results obtained from studies of actinomycin D binding to heat-denatured poly[d(DAP-A-T)] and of actinomine and actinomycin D lactam binding to DNA suggest that the slow rate processes are related to an actinomycyl pentapeptide-induced unwinding of the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA accompanying insertion of the cyclic peptides into DNA. PMID- 50083 TI - Human myeloma IgG half-molecules. Structural and antigenic analyses,. AB - The structure and antigenic characteristics of a human k, IgG myeloma protein that formed half-molecules were analyzed. Most of the myeloma protein found in the patient's serum and urine consisted to two chain 4.3S half-molecules. A small amount of four chain 7S myeloma protein was, however, found in the serum and was apparently formed by the same clone of tumor cells. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 8 M urea and 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and analytical ultracentrifugation in 6 M guanidine of the fully reduced and alkylated half molecule indicated that this myeloma protein had a heavy chain of a smaller molecular weight (approximately 45,000) than that of normal gamma chains, Except for this apparent deletion, the heavy chain resembled gamma1 chains. The amino acid composition of the peptides containing the half-cysteine residues forming the interchain disulfide bonds, the glycopeptide of the Fc fragment and the COOH terminal structure were similar if not identical with the analogous structures of gamma1 chains. No Fc fragment could be prepared because the Fc portion of the heavy chain of the myeloma protein was extremely susceptible to degradation with papain. After mild reduction and alkylation, the 7S myeloma protein dissociated into half-molecules, indicating a lack of noncovalent interactions in the Fc fragment that are present in all classes of human immunoglogulins and are responsible for the formation ofFc dimers. The half-molecule was antigenically deficient in the Fc fragment. It failed to precipitate with anti-Fc fragment antisera in double gel diffusion tests and inhibited a Fc-anti-Fc fragment binding reaction weakly and incompletely. The half-molecule and the 7S protein had the same genetic markers on the first and second homology region of the gamma chain. The half-molecule lacked, however, the corresponding markers on the third homology region, These findings suggest that this myeloma protein had a deletion in the gamma chain which was probably located in third homology region and was likely the structural abnormality responsible for the lack of noncovalent interaction in the Fc fragment and absence of most of the antigenic determinants characteristic of gamma chains. PMID- 50084 TI - Conformational and spectral analysis of the polypeptide antibiotic N methylleucine gramicidin S dihydrochloride by nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - The 220-MHz proton magnetic resonance spectrum of the cyclic decapeptide antibiotic, mono-N-methylleucine gramicidin S, is reported and all the resonances have been assigned to specific protons of the constituent amino acids. Three methods--temperature dependence and solvent mixture (methanol-trifluoroethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide-trifluoroethanol) dependence of peptide NH proton chemical shifts and proton deuteron exchange--habe been utilized to delineate peptide NH protons. The results of the above methods, coupled with the observed vicinal alpha-CH-NH coupling constants and chemical shifts, indicate that in trifluoroethanol the peptide NH PROTONS OF D-Phe4, D-Phe9, L-Orn2, and L-Val6 are exposed to the sovent, and those of L-Val1, L-Orn7, and L-Leu8 are solvent shielded and intramolecularly hydrogen bonded. In trifluoroethanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and methanol, the decapeptide has no C2 symmetry, and there are only minor conformational differences in the different solvents. In the proposed conformation in trifluoroethanol, one-half of the decapeptide retained the hydrogen bonding pattern of gramicidin S, i.e. cyclo-(L-Val1 NH--O-C L-Leu8) (a beta turn) and cyclo-(L-Leu8 NH--O-C L-Val1). The second half of the molecule exhibits a different type of stable beta turn involving the ten-atom hydrogen bonded ring, cyclo-(L-Orn7-NH--O-C D-PHE4). PMID- 50085 TI - Reactions of fluorescent probes with normal and chemically modified myelin basic protein and proteolipid. Comparisons with myelin. AB - Basic (encephalitogenic) protein and water-soluble proteolipid apoprotein isolated from bovine brain myelin bind 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate and 2-p toluidinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate with resulting enhancement of dye fluorescence and a blue-shift of the emission spectrum. The dyes had a higher affinity and quantum yield, when bound to the proteolipid (Kans=2.3x10--6,=0.67) than to the basic protein (Kans=3.3x10--5,=0.40). From the efficiency of radiationless energy transfer from trytophan to bound ANS the intramolecular distances were calculated to be 17 and 27 A for the proteolipid and basic protein, respectively. Unlike myelin, incubation with proteolytic enzymes (e.g., Pronase and trypsin) abolished fluorescence enhancement of ANS or TNS by the extracted proteins. In contrast to myelin, the fluorescence of solutions of fluorescent probes plus proteolipid was reduced by Ca-2+,not affected by La-3+, local anesthetics, or polymyxin B, and only slightly increased by low pH or blockade of free carboxyl groups. The reactions of the basic protein were similar under these conditions except for a two- to threefold increase in dye binding in the presence of La-3+, or after blockade of carboxyl groups. N-Bromosuccinimide oxidation of tryptophan groups nearly abolished native protein fluorescence, but did not affect dye binding. However, alkylation of tryptophan groups of both proteins by 2-hydroxy (or methoxy)-5-nitrobenzyl bromide reduced the of bound ANS (excited at 380 nm) to 0.15 normal. The same effect was observed with human serum albumin. The fluorescence emission of ANS bound to myelin was not affected by alkylation of membrane tryptophan groups with the Koshland reagents, except for abolition of energy transfer from tryptophan to bound dye molecules. This suggests that dye binding to protein is negligible in the intact membrane. Proteolipid incorporated into lipid vesicles containing phosphatidylserine did not bind ANS or TNS unless Ca-2+, La-3+, polymyxin B, or local anesthetics were added to reduce the net negative surface potential of the lipid membranes. However, binding to protein in the lipid-protein vesicles remained less than for soluble protein. Basic protein or bovine serum albumin dye binding sites remained accessible after equilibration of these proteins with the same lipid vesicles. It is proposed that in the intact myelin membrane the proteolipid is probably strongly associated with specific anionic membrane lipids (i.e., phosphatidylserine), and most likely deeply embedded within the lipid hydrocarbon matrix of the myelin membrane. Also, in the intact myelin membrane the fluorescent probes are associated primarily, if not solely with the membrane lipids as indicated by the binding data. This is particularly the case for TNS where the total number of myelin binding sites is three to four times the potential protein binding sites. PMID- 50086 TI - Plasma proteins and immunoglobulins in penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae). AB - Total and fractionated proteins were evaluated in the serum of normal penguins. Four proteins with antibody activity, determined by passive haemagglutination, were isolated by Sephadex G-200 filtration and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, from the serum of penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) inoculated with dinitrophenylated human gamma-globulin. Immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion showed that all these proteins exhibited both their own and shared antigenic determinants. On account of their electrophoretic mobility, elution conditions and characteristics of the precipitation arcs, they have been tentatively denominated IgG2 (gamma2), IgG1 (gamma1), IgM (gammam) and IgX (probably IgA). PMID- 50087 TI - Temperature sensitive mutants of avian sarcoma viruses. PMID- 50088 TI - [Letter: Mechanosensitivity of membranes modified with substances forming conducting channels]. PMID- 50089 TI - Analysis of the conformation of polypeptides : the combined use of energy computations and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. AB - This review surveys current approaches to the problem of determining the solution conformation of polypeptides. The basic principles of energy computations are described. The utility, problems, and limitations of various theoretical methods are summarized: conformational energy mapping, energy minimization, scanning of selected local conformations, statistical predictive schemes. The need for combining the calculations with experimental studies is pointed out. The information content of various physico-chemical methods is compared for this purpose. The analysis of nmr coupling constants is discussed in more detail. In combination with energy computations, it can furnish specific information on local aspects of the conformation. Examples of such combined studies on small peptides are summarized. PMID- 50090 TI - Binding of 14-C-salicylic acid and 14-C-pentobarbital to plasma proteins of several species during the perinatal period. AB - The fraction binding of 14-C-salicylic acid and 14-C-pentobarbital was studied as a function of age in plasma of the pig, dog, goat and human. The pig exhibited an unusual degree of hypoalbuminemia and low fractional binding of salicylic acid at birth. Albumin levels and the percent binding of the salicylic acid were not significantly lower in newborn plasma than in adult plasma of the other species studied. The pig was also exceptional in that the high fractional binding of pentobarbital observed at low ligand concentrations in plasma of the newborn was not observed in the other species studied. Depletion of albumin in newborn pig plasma did not appreciably affect the binding of pentobarbital. Thus it is suggested that the plasma of the fetal and newborn pig may contain a nonalbuminoid protein, such as fetal globulin, which is capable of binding pentobarbital but does not have a high avidity for salicylic acid. It apparently does not exist at birth in the plasmas of the other species studied, as depletion of albumin markedly reduced the fractional binding of pentobarbital. PMID- 50091 TI - IgM deficiency. AB - Primary isolated IgM deficiency accounted for 0.1% of hospital admissions; secondary IgM deficiency for 2.0%. Although 19% were asymptomatic the rest of 89 subjects (4M:1F) suffered infection (60%), septicemia (36%), atopy (22%), splenomegaly (11%), neoplasia(7%) and autoimmune disorders (3%) with a mortality of 10%. Serious early treatment is needed to avert death from unopposed spread of organisms throughout the blood. Qualitative IgM deficiency (absence of isohemagglutinins) and delayed maturation of IgM can result in similar symptomatology. PMID- 50092 TI - Autoimmunity in selective IgA deficiency. AB - Several antibodies have been reported in selective IgA deficiency and we have detected antibodies to human IgM and native human collagen in 35 and 34%, respectively, of 60 such subjects (compared to 1.6 and 2.0%, respectively, in normal controls). The anti-IgM isoantibodies are clearly distinguishable from antibodies to ruminant proteins and there was no statistically significant association between different antibodies and clinical features in individual patients. The etiology of the antibodies remains unknown. PMID- 50093 TI - Severe combined immunodeficiency with B lymphocytes and with normal MLC response. PMID- 50094 TI - Lymphocytotoxins and immunologic unresponsiveness. AB - A 14-year-old boy with a lifelong history of recurrnet infections and debilitating bronchiectasis was found to lack any evidence of humoral or cellular immunity. His serum contained a high titer of IgM antibody to the heavy chain of IgG and this antibody was also cytotoxic for peripheral lymphocytes. Complement dependent lymphocytotoxicity could be blocked by IgG or Fc fragment. In this patient, immunosuppression may have been due to an autoantibody against both autologous IgG and lymphocyte plasma membrane. PMID- 50095 TI - The monoclonal nature of lymphatic leukemia. AB - Monoclonal membrane-bound Ig were found by immunofluorescence on the lymphocytes in the vast majority of cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The distribution of H and L chains among these patients reflected the distribution of surface Ig on normal lymphocytes and IgM was the predominant class. The importance of the study of surface Ig synthesized in vitro is outlined. The simple staining of freshly drawn cells may lead to erroneous conclusions, since an apparently polyclonal staining can result from the anti-IgG antibody activity of a monoclonal surface IgM, from the attachment of immune complexes at the lymphocyte surface or from the binding of serum antibodies to cell membrane determinants. A biclonal proliferation, characterized by distinct surface-Ig markers, was demonstrated in several cases of chronic lymphatic leukemia. Monoclonal surface Ig were also detected on the lymphoblasts in 2 cases of acute transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, in several patients with acute lymphosarcoma cell leukemia and in 1 case of acute lymphatic leukemia. In most cases of acute lymphatic leukemia, the leukemic cells were devoid of detectable B- or T-cell membrane markers. In 2 cases of acute lymphatic leukemia, 1 case of chronic lymphatic leukemia and in all patients with the Sezary syndrome, the leukemic cells appeared to be thymus-derived. PMID- 50096 TI - Conventional immunoglobulin therapy. AB - Concentrated gamma globulin as a substitute for deficient B-cell function is usually given by the intramuscular route. The intravenous administration would be preferable, but presents major difficulties, mainly with shock-life reactions. Most of them are due to rapid activation of the complement system by aggregated IgG. The attempts to avoid such reactions include exposure of gamma globulin concentrates to pepsin, plasmin, low pH, beta-propiolactone, polymers, salts and millipore filtration. The results improved slowly, but they are still not entirely satisfactory. PMID- 50097 TI - Plasma therapy in immunodeficiency diseases. PMID- 50098 TI - B lymphocytes lacking surface IG in patients with immune deficiency: initiation of IG synthesis in culture in cells of a patient with thymoma. AB - A 64-year-old woman with a syndrome of thymoma, severe hypogammaglobulinemia, seemingly normal cell-mediated immunity and aplastic anemia, was found to have virtually no immunoglobulin- (Ig) bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). However, 7.8 +/- 3.4% of the PBL were positive for another B-cell marker, the receptor for aggregated IgG, while the remaining cells bound sheep erythrocytes. Those cells which were aggregate-reactive appeared to be immature or incomplete B cells. Cultures of peripheral blood leukocytes from the patient in various serum containing media were studied by 3 independent technics for the development of lymphocyte surface Ig and for Ig in the culture supernatants. In vitro the patient's cells were able to develop surface Ig in media supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) or normal serum; in media supplemented with autologous serum, the cells developed no surface Ig. During the cultures in FCS, human Ig determinants became detectable in the medium, and both medium and cell-surface Ig underwent a shift from mu determinants early in the culture period to gamma and alpha determinants later. The development of Ig on the cells was not inhibited by the presence of autologous serum if FCS was included in the medium. These data support the concept that a factor, missing from this patient's serum, is required at an early stage in the maturation of the B cell. A patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia had a population of circulating lymphocytes with surface characteristics similar to the B cells of the thymoma case. In contrast, no Ig synthesis by this patient's cultured cells could be demonstrated, indicating a different level of block in the 2 cases despite their similarity at the level of the cell surface. PMID- 50099 TI - Lymphocyte transformation in vitro in patients with immunodeficiency diseases: use in diagnosis, histocompatibility testing and monitoring treatment. AB - We have used lymphocyte stimulation in vitro to characterize the degree of cell mediated immunodeficiency in different patients. The effect of treatment of patients with immunodeficiencies is illustrated by lymphocyte transformation in vitro before, during and after therapy (eg bone marrow transplantation of severe combined immunodeficiency and transfer factor treatment in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome). The mixed lymphocyte culture test has been used for selection of bone marrow transplant donor for a patient with CID when an HL-A identical sib was not available. The results of the transplantation in this patient with graft from a donor who differed from the patient in respect of both HL-A haplotypes (but MLC identical with the patient) is reported. The MLC data on another family with 2 children with Nezelof disease are reported. The data indicate that one of the patients could be a chimera after intrauterine grafting of maternal immunocompetent cells. PMID- 50100 TI - Imbalances of IgG subclasses and gene defects in patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia. AB - The chance mating of persons with structural or regulator gene abnormalities might be expected to result in individuals who lack the capacity to synthesize specific types of heavy chains and manifest as hypogammaglobulinemia. Disproportionate levels of IgG subclasses would then be expected since the heavy chains are synthesized at separate although closely linked loci. Several instances of such alterations in subclass concentrations have been found. One family has been encountered with probable structural gene abnormalities in the autosomal Gm loci. In addition to their genetic implications, IgG-subclass imbalances are of importance because of the variable distribution of biologic properties of immunoglobulins among the IgG subclasses, and because of the observation that certain antibody populations may be markedly restricted or limited to a single IgG subclass. PMID- 50101 TI - Heterogeneity of human circulating anticoagulants against antihemophilic factor (factor VIII). AB - The heterogeneity of human circulating anticoagulants against antihemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII) observed in seven patients, both with and without classic hemophilia, was investigated by neutralization of their activity with antiserums directed to whole IgG and to lambda and kappa light chains. All seven anticoagulants were immunoglobulins. Six appeared to contain both kinds of light chains, although the dual light chain composition of two of these could be demonstrated only at high concentration of antiserum. In one circulating anticoagulant, light chain specificity could not be demonstrated with small amounts of antiserum, and with larger amounts, only lambda light chain specificity was revealed. Whether or not this circulating anticoagulant really contained a single light chain type could not be ascertained with our technique. The evidence presented suggested that circulating anticoagulant antibodies against AHF are polyclonal in nature. PMID- 50102 TI - [Influence of sound and enzyme treatment on antigenic properties of human erythrocytes. II. Enzyme treatment]. AB - Erythrocytes of group 0 cde/cde successively treated with bromelin and beta glucuronidase (DFE) react not only with antibodies (anti-DFE) contained in the IgM-fraction of each human serum but also with Rh-specific antibodies of the IgG fraction of anti-Rh-sera. This indicates, that the enzyme treatment makes accessible two different possibly crossreacting structures. Since anti-DFE is contained in the IgM-fraction of all human-sera, the antigenic determinant reacting with anti-DFE is considered a polyagglutinogen not identical with the well known polyagglutination-phenomena (T, Tn and Cad) as it is shown by comparative investigations with anti-T and anti-Tn as well as anti-Cad active seed extracts. PMID- 50103 TI - [Precautionary measures in the use of colloidal whole blood substitutes]. PMID- 50104 TI - Diazinon and chlorpyrifos residues in food after insecticidal treatment in rooms. PMID- 50105 TI - Distribution of lindane in brains of control and phenobarbital pretreated dogs at the onset of lindane-induced convulsions. PMID- 50106 TI - Cataloging audiovisual materials: a new dimension. AB - A new more comprehensive system for cataloging audiovisual materials is described. Existing audiovisual cataloging systems contain mostly descriptive information, publishers' or producers' summaries, and order information. This paper discusses the addition of measurable learning objectives to this standard information, thereby enabling the potential user to determine what can be learned from a particular audiovisual unit. The project included media in nursing only. A committee of faculty and students from the University of Alabama in Birmingham School of Nursing reviewed the materials. The system was field-tested at nursing schools throughout Alabama; the schools offered four different types of programs. The system and its sample product, the AVLOC catalog, were also evaluated by medical librarians, media specialists, and other nursing instructors throughout the United States. PMID- 50107 TI - Training and supervision of library shelvers. AB - This paper describes a program prepared at the University of Southern California Norris Medical Library, which utilizes audiovisual methods for shelver training and detailed work assignment sheets in conjunction with shelver supervision. The slide/script training series serves both as a time-saving device for the shelver supervisor and as an effective and interesting instructional device. The work assignment sheets, with the aid of a shelving calculation chart, enable the supervisor to give realistic assignments without having to give instructions orally. PMID- 50108 TI - Preliminary report on a new vector of onchocerciasis in the Americas: Simulium amazonicum (Goeldi, Lutz, 1910 and 1917). PMID- 50109 TI - Tumour imaging radiopharmaceuticals. AB - 32P, 131I-labeleed human serum albumin, 75Se-seleno-methionine, 107Hg chlormerodrin, 67Ga-citrate and labelled bleomycin compounds, among others are discussed with particular respect to their observed clinical characteristics and suggested mechanisms of uptake. It is shown that there are striking similarities in the kinds of tumours demonstrable by these agents and that all of them may be taken up into inflammatory exudates. It is suggested that, while differences in the metabolism of each agent clearly exist, their mechanism of tumour uptake may be predominantly non-specific. It is concluded that radionuclide tumour imaging is of potential value mainly from the point of view of ease of whole body scanning for follow-up purposes and whereas other diagnostic methods may be more accurate in specific areas, ease of whole body screening is rarely a feature of these techniques. Methods for studying human cancer are necessarily restricted and the tumour imaging technique provides a unique, dynamic means of tumour observation. From the clinical point of view, the questions of why some tumours image well and others do not, what is the effect of treatment on uptake and how specific is the technique, are of most importance. In order to improve tumour imanging, more emphasis must be given to improving the lesion: background radioactivity ratio of the agents rather than attempting to improve detection equipment. PMID- 50110 TI - The effect of dicynene on blood loss during and after transurethral resection of the prostate. AB - The effect of Dicynene on blood loss during and after transurethral resection for benign enlargement of the prostate was studied in 76 patients. Median loss of blood at operation was 17 ml in those given Dicynene compared with 72 ml in the placebo group (p equals less than 0.001). Median postoperative blood loss was 38 ml in the Dicynene group, and 103 ml in the placebo group (p equals 0.05). Clinical evidence of deep vein thrombosis was found in neither group. Dicynene helps to reduce blood loss in transurethral resection. PMID- 50111 TI - Proceedings: urinary diversion in carcinoma of the cervix: a report of 40 cases. PMID- 50112 TI - Bilateral projections from precentral motor cortex to the putamen and other parts of the basal ganglia. An autoradiographic study in Macaca fascicularis. AB - By tracing radioactively labeled proteins transported by axonal flow, projections from area 4 to the ipsi- and contralateral neostriatum and claustrum were demonstrated in 7 monkeys. A reversed topographic organization was found on both sides for the corticoneostriatal and corticoclaustral projections. The most extensive terminal field could be observed in the putamen. In contrast, very few area 4 efferents seemed to terminate in the caudate nucleus. This suggests differential functions for the two striatal components in sensorimotor mechanisms. These unexpected results give further evidence for the superior sensitivity of the autoradiographic technique, although the limitations of the new method in delineating the injection field were noted. PMID- 50113 TI - Multiple sources of thalamic input to the primate motor cortex. PMID- 50114 TI - Specificity of retrograde transport of nerve growth factor (NGF) in sensory neurons: a biochemical and morphological study. AB - In previous studies it has been shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) is taken up with a high selectivity by adrenergic nerve terminals and is transported retrogradely to the perikaryon11,22. It was the aim of the present experiments to investigate whether the sensory neurons exhibit the same high degree of selectivity for retrograde transport throughout the whole life cycle, although it is known that their dramatic response to NGF is confined to a short period of ontogenetic development. Unilateral injection of [125I]NGF into the forepaw of adult rats was followed by a preferential accumulation of radioactivity in the sensory ganglia (C6-C7) of the injected side. However, this preferential accumulation was not detectable earlier than 6 h after injection and reached a maximum (ratio between injected and non-injected side, 5:1) after 11-16 h. Transection of the plexus brachialis abolished and local administration of colchicine prior to that of [125I]NGF greatly reduced the preferential accumulation of radioactivity in the ganglia of the injected side. The rate of retrograde transport of NGF in sensory neurons was calculated to be 13 mm/h which is about 5 times faster than that in adrenergic neurons. The selectivity of this retrograde transport was demonstrated by the fact that injection of 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin and cytochrome c did not result in a preferential accumulation of radioactivity in the sensory ganglia of the injected side. Light microscopic autoradiography revealed heavily labeled cells in the sensory ganglia (C6-C7) of the injected side after administration of [125I]NGF into the forepaw. Only cells belonging to the large cell type were labeled. Prolonged (7 mug/g/day over 5 days) injection of NGF into the forepaw of 10-day-old rats did not result in a hypertropic response of the sensory neurons as far as can be judged from morphometric studies at the light microscopic level. PMID- 50115 TI - The horseradish peroxidase technique applied to the teleostean nervous system. PMID- 50116 TI - Distribution along the axon and into various subcellular fractions of molecules labeled with (3H)leucine and rapidly transported in the garfish olfactory nerve. AB - The distribution of molecules labeled with [3H]leucine by fast axoplasmic transport in vivo has been studied in the garfish olfactory nerve after incorporation of the amino acid by the olfactory mucosa. Owing to the size of the nerve, it has been possible to follow the fate of the labeled molecules in 10 different subcellular fractions of 6 consecutive nerve segments. Each segment represents a different part of the profile developed by the transported radioactive molecules. In order to determine the influence of the perikaryon (rate of protein synthesis and rate of protein release into the axon) transport was studied under 3 different conditions: (1) intact nerves (simply labeled with [3H]leucine); (2) nerves cut from the cell bodies 6 h after application of [3H]leucine; and (3) nerves pulse-chase labeled for 1 h. Several conclusions can be drawn. (1) The bulk of the rapidly transported molecules are membranous axonal proteins, as determined by enzyme markers. Most are found in subcellular fractions representing 17% of the total axonal protein. They are synthesized very rapidly in the cell bodies (less than 1 h after isotope deposition) and exhibit the highest specific activities measured. These high specific activities were found in the same axonal membrane fractions in both plateau and crest, suggesting that the membrane precursors are transported as particles rather than as subunits. (2) The majority of these proteins are released into the axon immediately after synthesis; however, at least 30% of the labeled axonal membranous proteins are not released with the fast wave itself but progressively over a long period of time. (3) The majority of the moving material, particularly in membranous fractions, is left behind the fast wave and is deposited in the axon. When the front base of the fast wve has covered 70% of the total nerve length, only 19% of the labeled material of the main axonal membranous fraction appears still to be moving. (4) Proteins with high specific activities are found near the cell bodies and may be the result of early axonal transport of amino acids, diffusing later into the surrounding cells and being incorporated into proteins. Some free amino acids are also transported along the axon. PMID- 50117 TI - Projections to the gyrus proreus from the brain stem tegmentum (locus coeruleus, raphe nuclei) in the cat, demonstrated by retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 50118 TI - Effect of inhibiting protein synthesis on axonal transport of membrane glycoproteins in an identified neuron of Aplysia. AB - Intrasonic injection of L-[3H]fucose into R2, the cholinergic giant neuron in the abdominal ganglion of the marine molluse, Aplysia californica, labeled 5 major glycoprotein membrane components, 3 of which were preferentially exported into the axon. Brief exposure to anisomycin, a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis in Aplysia, almost completely blocked the appearance of [3H]glycoprotein in the axon; but fucosylation of proteins in the cell body was only partially inhibited. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the 5 normal components were present in the cell body of inhibited neurons. Thus, synthesis and insertion of glycoproteins into membranes do not guarantee export from the cell body: presumably completion of transportable organelles requires continuous synthesis of new proteins. Longer exposure before injection resulted in reduced amounts of four of the glycoproteins, but one component continued to be formed. Anisomycin can be used to resolve export of glycoproteins out of the cell body from subsequent movement along the axon. When we exposed R2 to anisomycin after injection, [3H]glycoproteins, which had already entered the axon, were translocated along the axon normally; they were distributed in waves, the most distal moving at 50-60 mm/day. PMID- 50119 TI - Preservation of stained and unstained tissue impressions for the rabies fluorescent antibody test. PMID- 50120 TI - Acute leukemia in children: experience in Saskatchewan in 1966-72. AB - In 1966-72 in Saskatchewan there was a significant improvement in survival of patients up to 16 years old with acute leukemia treated intensively. The rate of complications was low. Attention to the emotional needs of the patients and parents and formation of parent mutual-support groups improved the acceptibility of intensive therapy. PMID- 50121 TI - Radionuclide immunoglobulin lymphangiography: a case report. AB - Iodine-131-labeled immunospecific gamma globulin derived from immunization of rabbits with F antigen, a tumor associated antogen in Hodgkin's disease, has been utilized for intralymphatic infusion in a patient with known recurrent Hodgkin's disease inthe inguinofemoral and pelvic regions. Rectilinear scanning successfully delineatedthe tumor masses, and external monitoring showed retention of activity in the tumor sitesover an 8-day period. PMID- 50122 TI - Modification of radiation injury to normal tissues by chemotherapeutic agents. AB - The effects of several cancer chemotherapeutic agents on radiation damage to normal intestine, esophagus, and lung tissue were evaluated in LAF 1 mice using quantitative endpoints. In all tissues tested, actinomycin D increased injury and BCNU did not. In the intestine, adriamycin enhanced radiation damage more than any other agent. Bleomycin increased damage in the esophagus but not in the lung or intestine. Cyclophosphamide increased injury only in the lung, where vincristine caused minimal injury, and hydroxyurea, none. Only prednisolone caused significant radioprotection when given at the time of irradiation or at the time of expected death from pulmonary injury. PMID- 50124 TI - Combination chemotherapy with bleomycin (NSC-125066), vincristine (NSC-67574), and methotrexate (NSC-740) plus split-course radiotherapy in the treatment of non oat-cell bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Twenty-seven unselected patients with limited disease non-oat-cell bronchogenic carcinoma were treated with a chemotherapy- radiotherapy protocol which consisted of bleomycin, vincristine, and methotrexate followed by split-course radiation. There were 15 objective responders with a median survival time in excess of 70+ weeks in contrast to a median survival time of 26 weeks for nonresponders (P less than 0.01). Objective benefit was limited to the epidermoid carcinoma group since none of the adenocarcinoma group achieved a greater than 50% reduction in maximum tumor diameter. The median survival time for the entire groups was 42 weeks in contrast to a recent split-course radiotherapy historical control group whose median survival time was 38 weeks. Toxic effects were predominantly gastrointestinal. PMID- 50123 TI - Combined chemotherapy in childhood rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - Twenty-two children with rhabdomyosarcoma were treated with combination chemotherapy using vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide for varying time periods. Chemotherapy, usually combined with radiation therapy, was given to early stage patients after they had had a com plete or partial tumor resection. Three of nine patients who had widespread metastatic (stage III) disease at initiation of therapy had complete tumor regression and four of nine had partial tumor regression. However, the median durations of response and survival were brief (3 and 8 months respectively). Five patients with localized resectable (stage I) disease have survived without evidence of tumor recurrence from 33 to 69 months after their initial diagnosis. Of eight patients with incompletely resected regional (stage IIB) disease, one has survived without disease recurrence for 36 months, thought the median survival time of the remaining seven patients was 14 months. In stage IIB patients the duration of response was proportional to the duration of chemotherapy which suggests that chemotherapy should be given for at least 18-24 months. PMID- 50125 TI - Treatment of metastatic testicular carcinoma with bleomycin (NSC-125066) used alone or in combination with CCNU (NSC-79037). PMID- 50126 TI - Clinical trial of bleomycin (NSC-125066) in the treatment of metastatic renal carcinoma. AB - This study had the limited aim of ascertaining the efficacy of bleomycin in controlling m etastatic renal carcinoma. Fifteen patients received bleomycin intramuscularly and five patients received the drug via continuous infusion. Only two patients had responses, both mixed. We concluded that the therapeutic value of bleomycin in the treatment of advanced renal carcinoma is negligible. PMID- 50127 TI - Cancer chemotherapeutic response and intravenous hyperalimentaion. PMID- 50128 TI - Kinetics of both leukemic and normal cell population reduction following 5 azacytidine. AB - The cytotoxic effect of 5-azacytidine (AzaCR) on normal hematopoietic colony forming units (NCFU) and L1210 leukemic colony-forming units (LCFU) in the femoral marrow of BALB/c x DBA/2 F1 mice was studied using the spleen colony assay. Dose-survival curves for LCFU and NCFU were biphasic. Repopulation of LCFU was rapid at a low dose of AzaCR (0.1 mg/mouse) but was delayed for greater than 6 days at higher doses (0.25 mg/mouse and above). Of the agents tested in this system, only AzaCR exhibited these properties. Survival of mice with L1210 leukemia following AzaCR administration was prolonged beyond that predicted by the degree of LCFU reduction alone, and reflected the delay in LCFU repopulation. In contrast, repopulation of NCFU in normal mice was not delayed at a high dose of AzaCR (0.5 mg/mouse). AzaCR produced a nine-fold greater reduction of NCFU in leukemic mice than in normal mice, measured 5 days after AzaCR injection. While divided doses of AzaCR produced LCFU cytotoxicity equivalent to a single dose, 24 hr infusions of high doses were inferior to single infections. PMID- 50129 TI - Binding of bleomycin to DNA in bleomycin-sensitive and -resistant rat ascites hepatoma cells. AB - The 14C activity of [14C]bleomycin bound to DNA in bleomycin-sensitive rat ascites hepatoma cells (AH-66) was 8.7 times higher than in resistant cells (AH 66F) when the cells were incubated with [14C]bleomycin. The difference in permeability to bleomycin was not significant; uptake of [14C]bleomycin by the sensitive cells was only 1.2 times larger than that by the resistant cells, and the radioactivity incorporated into the nuclei of sensitive cells was only 1.3 fold greater. The bleomycin-inactivating enzyme level in the resistant cells was 3.5 times higher than in the sensitive cells, indicating that the antibiotic incorporated into the resistent cells was reduced in DNA-binding activity to a large extent. The level of protein-free thiol compound in the sensitive cells was 1.8-fold higher than in the resistant cells, suggesting a possible enhancement of bleomycin action by intracellular thiol compound as is found in vitro. These factors probably affect the DNA strand scission and the sensitivity of cells to this antibiotic. Binding of [14C]bleomycin to DNA in vitro was studied in the presence and the absence of dithiothreitol. A large portion of the radioactivity bound in the presence of dithiothreitol was unstable to acid, but the acid resistant binding was also enhanced by this thiol compound. PMID- 50130 TI - Viral expression, oncogenicity, and antigenicity of a mouse salivary gland tumor and two cell lines derived from it. AB - An in vitro cell line (SGT) derived from a mouse submaxillary gland adenocarcinoma (TGS) containing A and B viral particles maintained its oncogenicity only for newborn isogeneic hosts (C3H/He mice) immunosuppressed with antithymocyte serum. Inoculation into adult isogeneic animals did not cause tumor but provided partial protection against a challenge with TGS cells. The loss of oncogenicity for nonimmunosuppressed isogeneic hosts was accompanied by the acqusition of oncogenicity for adult, nonimmunosuppressed, xenogeneic hosts (golden hamsters) given subcutaneous inoculations of SGT cells on the back. From the tumor grown in the hamster, which is histologically similar to the original tumor of the mouse, an in vitro cell line (HWS) was derived. The comparative analysis of the 2 cell lines, SGT and HWS, led to the following conclusions: (a) the karyological pattern of the 2 cell lines in virtually the same; (b) the cell surface antigenic pattern is similar for the 2 cell lines, as determined by colony inhibition test and cytotoxicty test; (c) the cells of the HWS line behave serologically as a mouse-hamster hybrid, also as determined by colony inhibition and cytotoxicity tests; (d) both cell lines have only intracytoplasmic viral particles of the A type; and (e) agglutination with the plant lectins concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin occurs at lower concentrations of agglutinin for HWS cells than for SGT cells. PMID- 50131 TI - Variable effects of a lipotrope-deficient, high-fat diet on chemical carcinogenesis in rats. AB - Earlier studies demonstrated enhanced chemical carcinogenesis in the liver, colon, and probably esophagus of male rats that were fed a lipotrope-deficient, high-fat diet. In further experiments, designed to examine the range of the dietary effect on chemical carcinogenesis, rats were fed either the marginally lipotrope-deficient, high-fat diet or an adequate control diet, and treated wit- N-2-fluorenylacet-amide, 3,3 diphenyl-3-diemthylcarbamoyl-1-propyne, N-methyl-N nitroso-N'-nitroguanidine, N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide, aflatoxin G1, or ethionine. N-2-Fluorenylacetamide indiced hepatocarcinomas more rapidly and in higher incidence in deficient rats than in control rats. 3,3 Diphenyl-3-dimethylcarbamoyl-1-propyne induced a higher incidence of hepatocarcinomas but not gastric tumors in deficient rats. Aflatoxin B1, included as a positive control, was significantly more hepatocarcinogenic in deficient rats. Gastric tumor induction by N-methyl-N-nitroso-N'-nitroguanidine and induction of tumors of the urinary bladder by N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl) 2thiazylyl]formamide were not influenced by diet. Aflatoxin G1 and ethionine were toxic to deficient rats, and carcinogenic doses could not be administered. PMID- 50132 TI - Cellular phosphorylation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5-azacytidine with intact fibrosarcoma and leukemic cells. AB - The phosphorylation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and 5 azacytidine (5-aza-C) by A(T1)C1-3 hamster fibrosarcoma cells and L5178Y murine leukemic cells was studied, using intact cells. The cellular phosphorylation of both these nucleoside analogs appears to follow Michaelis-Menton kinetics. The apparent Km value for ara-C in the fibrosarcoma and leukemic cells was about 40 muM, whereas the apparent Km values for 5-aza-C in these cells were about 1.3 and 0.41 mM, respectively. Deoxycytidine and cytidine were found to be potent competitive inhibitors of the phosphorylation of ara-C and 5-aza-C, respectively, ara-C and 5-aza-C were found to be weak competitive inhibitors of the phosphorylation of deoxycytidine and cytidine, respectively. A clone isolated from the fibrosarcoma cells that was partially resistant to the cytotoxic effects of ara-C exhibited a higher Km value for both ara-C and deoxycytidine than the wild-type fibrosarcoma cells. PMID- 50133 TI - Antibody in cats to mammalian RNA tumor virus interspecies antigens. AB - The studies were undertaken to determine whether the cat, a mammalian species that carries xenotropic endogenous C-type virus(es) and in addition undergoes horizontally transmitted oncogenic C-type RNA tumor virus infections, responds immunologically to the mammalian C-type virus interspecies antigens. Sera from normal cats and from cats with spontaneous or virus-induced neoplasms were examined for antibodies to interspecies antigen antigen by complement-fixation inhibition, by inhibition of the paired radioiodine-labeled antibody technique (PRILAT inhibition), and by two-step radioimmunoelectrophoresis. Using three separate complement-fixation inhibition systems designed to detect antibodies to interspecies antigen(s), 23 of 23 sera from tumor-bearing cats and 24 of 31 sera from normal cats were positive in both systems. The negative sera were from germ free cats. Among the 49 positive sera, 47 yielded titers of 1:16 or greater by one or more complement-fixation inhibition tests. Of these 47 sera, 42 were positive by the paired radioiodine-labeled antibody technique inhibition test; the 5 paired radioiodine-labeled antibody technique-negative sera were from normal specific-pathogen-free cats. Direct reaction with the interspecies determinant on the p30 protein from Rauscher murine leukemia virus by immunoglobulin from cats immunized with feline leukemia virus was shown by two step radioimmunoelectrophoresis. The feline antibody was also identified as an immunoglobulin by column chromatography and two-step radioimmunoelectrophoresis. These antibodies did not fix guinea pig complement during reaction with the interspecies antigen. That other mammals may produce similar noncomplement-fixing (guinea pig) antibodies to RNA tumor virus antigens is likely. PMID- 50134 TI - Inhibitory and anti-inhibitory factors of rat serum active on the G1-S transition of hepatocyte cell cycle. AB - Rat hepatocytes are responsive to a serum factor inhibiting their progression through the cell cycle from the late G1 phase to the S phase. After fractionation of normal adult rat serum by two chromatographic steps on DEAE cellulose and sephadex gel filtration, the inhibitory activity was linked to proteins having a high electronegative charge and of apparent high molecular weight. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of active fraction showed that the alpha1 macroglobulin was its main component. Male and female baby rats were sensitive to the inhibitory factor from normal rats. Contrary to the normal adult rat serum the whole hepatectomized adult rat serum did not exhibit any ingibitory activity on the G1-S transition. However, two components having antagonist activities: an alpha1 globulin and a gamma globulin, were separated by chromatographic procedures from hepatectomized rat serum. (a) The alpha1 globulin showed an inhibitory activity. It had an apparent molecular weight lower than that found in normal rats. Its activity was sex related: only male baby rats were responsive. (b) The factor present in the gamma globulin fraction was found to be antagonistic to the alpha1 globulin factor. Its occurrence after hepatectomy explains the absence of inhibitory activity in the serum of hepatectomized rats. PMID- 50135 TI - Reversible ultrastructural changes of arcuate neurons after vinblastine injection into the median eminence of the rat. AB - The ultrastructural effects of vinblastine on the arcuate neurons and median eminence were studied in the rat. The animals were stereotaxically injected with solutions of 1 mM and 5 mM vinblastine into the median eminence and killed 3, 8 and 21 days after injection. Eight days after injection of 1 mM vinblastine the neurons of the arcuate nucleus showed marked changes. The Golgi complex was more distinct and considerable increases in the populations of dense bodies, granulated vesicles and coated vesicles were observed. Changes in the axo somatic synapses and degenerating fibers in the surrounding neuropil were also characteristic of the experimental animals. The outer zone of the median eminence showed numerous degenerated nerve fibers and fibers engulfed by glial cell processes. Eight days after injection of 5 mM vinblastine arcuate neurons and median eminence showed similar changes, but quantitative differences were noted. A striking ultrastructural recovery of the arcuate neurons and axons in the outer zone of the median eminence was observed 21 days after injection of either 1 mM or 5 mM vinblastine. The results are discussed in relation to axoplasmic transport and axonal degeneration. PMID- 50136 TI - Surface differentiation of hemopoietic cells demonstrated ultrastructurally with cationized ferritin. AB - The ultrastructural cationized ferritin (CF) technique was employed as a probe of the surface binding characteristics of the various cell types present in normal human bone marrow. The number of CF particles per micron length of cell surface were counted and data subjected to statistical analysis. All cells of the bone marrow exhibited CF reactivity. The extent of labeling was cell specific and could be related to the stage of maturation of the cells in a given lineage. In the neutrophilic series, myeloblasts showed moderate labeling while promyelocytes and myelocytes revealed only minimal binding; CF binding increased sequentially in metamyelocytes, band and segmented neutrophils. Eosinophils and eosinophilic myelocytes showed similar membrane differnetiation patterns while basophils exhibited stronger CF labeling that other granulocytic cells. Lymphocytes were strongly reactive while monocytes and their precursors were moderately labeled with CF. Surface reactivity of developing nucleated erythrocytic cells was similar to that of the lymphocytes. Surface labeling from the proerythroblasts to early normoblasts stage was identical, CF binding increased in the late normoblasts stage and then decreased in the reticulocyte and mature erythrocyte stages. The extent of surface CF reactivity of the marrow cells was markedly different from that obtained with Thorotrast and colloidal iron. Thorotrast and colloidal iron stained the surface of all marrow cell intensely but failed to yield distinctive surface labeling patterns for the differing cell population in bone marrow. PMID- 50137 TI - Cobalt sulphide staining of optic fibres in the brain of the cricket, Gryllus campestris. AB - Neuronal projections from one optic lobe to other parts of the brain were stained in the cricket Gryllus campestris using the cobalt sulphide technique and Timm's sulphide-silver method. The results are: Four tracts directly connect the medulla with the lobula and medulla of the contralateral optic lobe. Direct medullar projections end mainly in the non-glomerular neuropile of the protocerebrum, but also penetrate the calyx of the mushroom bodies, pons and central body in small numbers. A few somata which send fibres into the medulla lie in the pars intercerebralis, in the protocerebrum ventral to the opposite beta-lobe, the outer margin of the medulla of the contralateral optic lobe and between deuto- and tritocerebrum. The anatomical and physiological relevance of the stained connections is discussed. PMID- 50138 TI - Utilization of yolk platelets and lipid bodies during the myogenesis of Xenopus laevis (Daudin). AB - The premyoblast and differentiating mononuclear myoblasts of the metameric striated muscles of Xenopus laevis were analysed for vitellolysis and lipid body utilization. In the course of myoblast differentiation the stainability of platelets stained with safranin and fast green shows essential variations. The platelets appear to lose their affinity for safranin and subsequently begin to stain with fast green. The yolk platelets were found to contain basic proteins, non-histone proteins, and phospholipids. The lipid bodies appear in the myoblast cytoplasm at the onset of vitellolysis and they disappear after yolk reserves have been utilized. After the deutoplasmatic material has been used the myoblast nuclei begin to divide and this leads to the formation of polykaryocytes. PMID- 50141 TI - Golgi studies of the first optic ganglion of the ant, Cataglyphis bicolor. AB - The neurons of the first optic ganglion (the lamina) in the desert ant, Cataglyphis bicolor, have been studied with the light microscope after Golgi silver impregnation. The different types of retinal and laminal fibres and their configuration are compared with the results obtained in the bee. The first synaptic region in the visual system of the ant lies proximally to the fenestrated layer below the basement membrane and the layer containing the monopolar cell bodies. The synaptic region can be separated into three morphologically different zones: (1) The most distal layer where the short visual fibres end at two different levels. The short visual fibres and some laminal fibres (monopolar cell fibres) also show lateral elements in this region. (2) The second layer appears almost free of branches of retinal and laminal fibres. (3) The most proximal layer, which has a characteristically dense horizontal structure resulting from the lateral elements of long visual, centrifugal, monopolar and tangential fibres. Nine cell axons arising from each ommatidium leave the retina. Six of these are short visual fibres and end at two different levels in the lamina. Three different types of short visual fibres can be distinguished by their different terminal depths and lateral branching pattern. The remaining three fibres, the long visual fibres, terminate in the medulla. They can be distinguished from each other by their lateral elements in the lamina neuropile. The five morphologically different laminal fibre types (axons of the monopolar cells in the lamina) have different shapes and different arborizations at different levels. Tangential, centrifugal and incerta sedis-fibres, which originate either from cell bodies in the cell body layer at the periphery of the outer chiasma or more centrally, terminate in the synaptic region of the lamina. Consideration is given to the clearly demarkated arrangement and length of the branching pattern of retinal and laminal fibres at different levels of the synaptic region of the lamina. In addition, a hypothetical connectivity pattern is discussed. PMID- 50139 TI - An ultrastructural study of the microfilaments in rat brain by means of heavy meromyosin labeling. I. The perikaryon, the dendrites and the axon. AB - Nervous tissue pieces from the caudate nucleus and the substantia nigra of the rat were incubated in cold glycerol solutions of decreasing concentrations and then transferred into standard phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) or into tris-K+-Mg++ Ca++ buffer (pH 7.9) containing HMM, prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle by tryptic digestion. As controls, pieces were immersed for an identical period in the same buffers (1) without HMM or (2) with HMM to which had been added 2.5 mM Na+ pyrophosphate or 5 mM ATP. In control neurons smooth-surfaced microfilaments, about 50 A in diameter, were observed. After reaction with HMM, the microfilaments were increased in number and density and in width to 180-200 A. A meshwork was formed. Arrowheads pointing in the same direction were spaced at regular intervals (300-350 A) among short segments of the surfaces of the microfilaments, depending upon the plane of section. More often, however, typical arrowheads were not observed, and the surfaces of the microfilaments were seen coated with polarized side-arms cross-bridging the spaces between adjacent elements at more or less regular intervals. When cross-sectioned, the microfilaments appeared as dense dots from which a material of lesser electron density radiated. Following incubation in HMM solutions containing Na+ pyrophosphate or ATP, no arrowhead structures were seen. Of particular interest was the structural relation of the actin-like filaments with occasional, tapered myosin-like filaments, and with the plasma membrane, which served as anchor points. Mitochondria and smooth ER membranes were observed to be attached to the actin-like filaments or enmeshed in the network. The microtubules, as well as most of the neurofilaments, were disrupted by the glycerination procedure at 4 degrees, and thus no precision about the structural relationship of the actin like filaments with the latter elements could be added. The role of the actin like filaments in the transport of material, by a mechanism of chemomechanical transduction, throughout the neuron from sites of synthesis to functional locations, and between several functional locations, is discussed. PMID- 50140 TI - An ultrastructural study of the microfilaments in rat brain by means of E-PTA staining and heavy meromyosin labeling. II. The synapses. AB - To identify structures involved in the translocation of the synaptic vesicles towards the presynaptic membrane, an ultrastructural study has been undertaken by means of (1) the E-PTA stain and (2) the HMM-labeling procedure. Using serial sections of E-PTA stained nervous tissue, especially those made in transversal and tangential planes, the geometric order of the presynaptic grid and of its constituents has been described in detail. It consisted of dense projections having the shape of small truncated pyramids cut parallel to their hexagonal bases which rested on the electron-lucent presynaptic membrane. The dense projections were arranged at the points of equilateral triangles. Around each dense projection, six asymmetric hexagonal holes were seen to be arrayed in an hexagonal pattern, forming thus the presynaptic sieve. From the spiny tops of the dense projections, which appeared as specialized structures of the dense material coating the inner surface of the plasma membrane at the level of the synaptic cleft, fine filaments, 40--60 A in diameter, radiated and formed a three dimensional meshwork pervading the presynaptic bag. The dense cytoplasmic coating delineating the plasma membrane served as anchor points for these microfilaments. Upon incubation with rabbit skeletal muscle HMM the microfilaments underwent specific structural changes, consisting of: (1) a striking increase in diameter; (2) the association of periodic and polarized substructures with their surfaces. The synaptic vesicles and mitochondria were seen to be attached to the numerous HMM-decorated filaments or enmeshed in the network formed by these filaments. The actin-like filaments were anchored to the plasma membrane at many points and to the presynaptic dense projections. Following incubation in the buffer alone or in buffer HMM solutions containing Na+ pyrophosphate or ATP, no arrowheaded structures were observed. Thus, a network consisting of actin-like filaments was demonstrated in the presynaptic bag. Of particular interest was the structural relation of the actin-like filaments with the occasional, tapered myosin-like filaments. The role of the presynaptic actin-like network in the transport of synaptic vesicles towards the presynaptic membrane by a mechanism of chemomechanical transduction is discussed. In the postsynaptic dendrite or dendritic spine, a filamentous network was observed to be attached to the subsynaptic web by means of the E-PTA stain and of the HMM-labeling procedure. The occurrence of an actin-like meshwork in the postsynaptic region is suggested to produce changes in the macromolecular configuration of the postsynaptic membrane by a "mechanoenzyme" system similar to that described in the mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 50142 TI - Regulation of neurosecretory activity in the freshwater pulmonate Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) with particular reference to the role of the eyes: a quantitative electron microscopical study. AB - The process of neurosecretion in the Caudo-Dorsal Cells (CDC) of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, which produce an ovulation hormone, shows a diurnal rhythmicity. Synthesis, transport and release of the neurosecretory material (NSM) is high during the evening and the early night and low during the rest of the day, while storage of NSM mainly occurs during the daytime. In the present study the role of the eyes in the regulation of the CDC-rhythm was investigated. During a 24-hr period, at time intervals of 6 hrs, cerebral ganglia, which contain CDC, of blinded and control snails (5 per group) were fixed and the CDC were studied with quantitative electron microscopical methods. The CDC of the controls showed a distinct diurnal thythmicity. Blinding, on the other hand, clearly affected this rhythmicity. The results indicate that after blinding the circadian CDC-rhythms of individual snails are no longer synchronous with each other ("interanimal desynchronization"). It is suggested that the rhythm of CDC neurosecretory activity is synchronized by the natural light/dark cycle via the eyes. The information from the eyes probably reaches the CDC via a nervous pathway. True snyapses and three types of synapse-like structures were found on the CDC. Their role in the regulation of CDC-activity is discussed. The effect of blinding is specific for the CDC; blinding does not influence the diurnal rhythmicity of another type of cerebral neurosecretory cells, the Light Green Cells (LGC). The CDC within a cluster act synchronously. This synchrony does not depend upon the presence of the eyes. Some structures which may be involved in establishing this synchrony, such as subsurface cisterns, desmosome-like structures and "specific release sites", are described. PMID- 50143 TI - [Progressive multifocal encephalitis (PML)]. AB - In four cases of progressive multifocal leucoencephalitis the basic disease was always a malignant lymphogranuloma. Changes in the brain were multifocal, however the frontoparietal area of the white matter was affected most frequently and foci in this part were oldest. In these foci demyelination with atypical astrogliosis predominated, and there was a very small number of scavenger cells. At the periphery of foci always proliferation and enlargement of homogenous oligodendroglia nuclei were found sometimes with inclusions which in immunoassay sometimes had a common antigen with papovirus SV 40 and on electronoptic examination always contained many virions of the papovirus. No direct relationship was found between the duration of the neoplastic process, its type and changes in the CNS. PMID- 50144 TI - [Placenta and hypotrophy of the fetus]. AB - The authors analyzed 50 cases of foetal hypotrophy using morphological methods. In the introduction of their paper they reviewed findings reported in the literature on placental causes and briefly also data on the sequelae of foetal hypotrophy for the foetus. Bioptic examination of the placenta can help to differentiate between foetal hypotrophy and immaturity. In foetal hypotrophy of placental origin it is important to differentiate between a primarily hypoplastic placenta (associated sometimes with congenital malformations of the foetus) and secondary insufficient placentas due to impaired uteroplacental circulation or other causes. In some instances both basic disorders may combine. PMID- 50145 TI - [Leiomyoblastoma of the digestive tract]. AB - Five cases of leiomyoblastoma of the stomach and one located in the small intestine have been reported. Two of the gastric tumours metastasized. The characteristic feature of leiomyoblastoma is vacuolation of the cytoplasm of polygonal tumour cells, with regularly demonstrable transitions into smooth muscle cells. The size of the neoplasm and the presence of mitoses do not represent sufficiently reliable features permitting to recognize the biological behaviour of the tumour. Cellular and nuclear pleomorphism seemed to be a much more reliable index of malignancy in the two cases of ourselves. PMID- 50146 TI - [Electron microscopy demonstration of the myoblastic origin of various tumours]. AB - In the histogenetic classification of spindle-cell tumours, in particular malignant ones, it is an advantage to use electronoptic examination. It proves useful in particular in the diagnosis of tumours of myoblastic origin. Inadequate formol fixation of bioptic material in this group does not matter too much and does not alter diagnostic structures which was proved by four illustrative observations (an angioleiomyoma of the subcutaneous layer, congenital generalised fibromatosis with a muscular component, rhabdomyocellular sarcoma of the urinary bladder, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma). PMID- 50147 TI - [Staining of Mycobacteria using non-traditional methods]. AB - Nine modifications of the Gram method were tested with respect to their ability to stain mycobacteria. The results obtained were rather variable. Moreover it appeared that not all the methods would reliably visualize mycobacteria within histological sections. In particular, the mycobacteria occurring in a case of fibrocaseous tuberculosis appeared to be less stainable by the Gram method. If the Ziehl-Neelsen and the Gram method were combined to stain a single section, only some mycobacteria appeared to take the blue Gram stain. PMID- 50148 TI - [The paracommissural regions (brain neurohemal formations) of diplopods. Preliminary note]. AB - The paracommissural plates of Diplopods are neurohemal "organs" anatomically not individualized in bodies separate from the brain. They lie near the transverse commissure (tritocerebral commissure s.l.). They are composed of at least two distinct types of axon terminals, glial cells, tracheae and a neural lamella facing a blood sinus. The axons of paracommissural plates of originate in neurosecretory cells lying in the ganglions of the transverse commissure. The release of granules partly occurs by exocytosis. PMID- 50149 TI - [Uptake and transport of exogenous peroxidase in the masticatory muscles of cats. Localization of ganglionic neurons]. AB - Retrograde axonal transport of Horseradish peroxydase (HRP) has been used to trace the cells of origin of proprioceptive fibers in jaw-closing and jaw-opening muscles. After injection of HRP in young cats' masticatory muscles (masseteric, temporal, pterygoid, mylohyoid and digastric) labelled neurons were found in the ipsilateral semi-lunar ganglion and trigeminal mesencephalic nucleus. It is concluded that sensory endings are present in jaw-opening as in jaw-closing muscles; possibly the afferent fibers from muscle endings of the opener muscles have their somata in the mesencephalic nucleus, afferent fibers from tendinous receptors in the semi-lunar ganglion. PMID- 50150 TI - [In vivo study of the hypocalcemic, hypophosphoremic, hyperlipemic, and immunogenic activities of the oligopeptide fragment common to ACTH, alpha and beta MSH, and beta lipotropin]. AB - The intravenous injection that was given to rabbits which consisted of 0,5 mg of a common heptapeptide to ACTH4-10, BETA MSH11-17 hormones, and to beta lipotropic47-53 hormone (beta LPH47-53) was followed at the end of an hour by an augmentation of 70% of total lipids, and at the end of two hours by a lowering of calcemia (around 27%) and of phosphoremia (20%). The injection of a tetrapeptide corresponding to only ACTH7-10 bound to a nitrobenzylhydralamin and in presence of a Freund adjuvants has provoked the formation of corresponding antibodies. PMID- 50151 TI - [The cellular reticular structures induced by Baculovirus in the lepidoptera Galleria mellonella]. AB - Induction of filamentous nuclear structures by Baculoviruses are observed in the hemocytes of Galleria mellonella larvae. Modalities of detection of these virus induced structures by means of sheep or rabbit globulines labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate are described. PMID- 50152 TI - [Uptake and transport of exogenous peroxidase in the masticatory muscles of the cat. Localization of motor neurons]. AB - In the present work, a topographical localization of masticatory muscle motoneurons was undertaken. Horseradish peroxydase injected in each muscle can be transported in the retrograde direction to the corresponding motoneurons cell bodies. Jaw-closing muscle motoneurons were identified in the dorsal part of the motor trigeminal nucleus whereas jaw-opening muscle motoneurons were observed in the ventro-medial region. PMID- 50153 TI - The differences in atrioventricular conduction of premature beats in young and adult goats. AB - Atrioventricular (AV) conduction was studied in anesthetized, open-chest, 1-35 day-old goats. Atrial, bundle of His, and ventricular bipolar electrograms were recorded, and the functional refractory periods of the AV conduction system and the ventricles were determined. Supraventricular premature excitation invaded the ventricles during their vulnerable period. This AV conduction property is different from that of the adult goat heart; thus, the existence of a lateral accessory bypass tract was investigated. Electrocardiographic leads I, aVF, and V10 revealed no delta waves indicative of ventricular preexcitation. Bundle of His electrograms showed that: (1) bundle of His excitation always preceded the onset of ventricular depolarization, (2) no shortening occurred in the bundle of His to ventricular activation time following early atrial premature beats, and (3) the functional refractory period of the AV node was less than that of the ventricle. The ventricular epicardial excitation sequence indicated no involvement of a lateral bypass tract in the AV conduction of basic or premature beats. Interruption of the bundle of His caused complete AV block. Therefore, no functional lateral accessory bypass tracts are present in the young goat heart, and the AV node and the ventricular specialized conduction system of the young goat are capable of conducting premature atrial excitation to the ventricles within plus or minus 10 msec of the expiration of the ventricular functional refractory period. PMID- 50154 TI - Concealed ventricular extrasystoles due to interference and due to exit block. AB - Two cases of sinus rhythm with ventricular extrasystoles are reported in which extrasystoles arising from the same focus obey the rule of "comcealed bigeminy" and the "rule of bigeminy". In a comparatively rapid sinus rhythm, shortening of the sinus cycle favors the appearance of extrasystoles, and the extrasystoles obey the fule of "concealed bigeminy"; namely, sinus impulses intervene between extrasystoles in even numbers. The sinus impulses here include those both conducted and not conducted to the ventricles. Conversely, in a comparatively slow sinus rhythm, interectopic sinus impulses appear in odd numbers only, and the extrasystoles obey the "rule of bigeminy"; namely, lengthening of the sinus cycle favors the appearance of extrasystoles. From these observations, a new mechanism governing both of the rules is suggested as follows. Ectopic impulses arise following all the interctopic sinus beats, but they become concealed extrasystoles of two types. One of them is the "concealed extrasystole due to interference at the external end of the ventricular-ectopic (V-E) junction."The other is the "concealed extrasystole due to exit block within the V-E junction" because of refractoriness following stimulation. They alternate with each other. In the of "concealed begeminy", the last concealed extrasystole intervening between manifest extrasystoles is due to exit block, whereas in the "rule of bigeminy", it is due to interference. PMID- 50155 TI - Prolonged left ventricular ejection time in the post-premature beat. A sensitive sign of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. AB - Failure of the pulse pressure to increase in the post-premature beat is considered characteristic of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS). The sensitivity and specificity of this response were compared to the change in left ventricular ejection time (LVET) in 12 patients with IHSS, in ten control patients with valvular aortic stenosis (AS) and in five normal subjects. The post PVC pulse pressure increased in all normals and in nine of the ten patients with AS. In IHSS this response was inconsistent. A positive Brockenbrough sign was seen in only 33%. On the other hand, LVET increased greater than 20 msec in eleven of twelve patients with IHSS, whereas all normal subjects and all patients with AS showed either decreases in LVET or increases smaller than 20 msec. Prolongation of the LVET during the post-PVC beat greater than 20 msec appears, therefore, to be a more sensitive sign of IHSS than the corresponding change in pulse pressure. PMID- 50156 TI - Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasma lipoproteins using the Durrum cell. AB - 1. A low cost method for lipoprotein electrophoresis in agarose gel is described. The basic procedure, described by Noble, has been modified for use with a Durrum cell which is commonly used for paper electrophoreis. 2. Up to 28 samples can be analyzed per Durrum cell in 4 hours. 3. A staining technique, which involves filtration of a suspension of Sudan Black B, allows for rapid staining and provides satisfactory reproducibility from run to run. 4. In a small number of patients a double pre-beta band is seen, and is different from sinking pre-beta and floating beta lipoproteins. PMID- 50157 TI - Application of differential light scattering to the latex agglutination assay for rheumatoid factor. AB - When a suspension of particle is irradiated with a collimated beam of monochromatic polarized light of a wavelength close to the particle size and the intensity of the scattered light is measured as a function of angle, the scatter intensity is characterized by a series of relative maxima and minima. The nature of the signal depends on several significant variables that are characteristic of the particles. We have constructed a differential light scatter photometer and have applied the technique to analysis of rheumatoid factor by using latex particles coated with fraction II gamma-globulin. The results suggest that such a photometer may have potential applications in antigen-antibody assays based on the use of sensitized particles. PMID- 50158 TI - Mobilization of leucocytes and subsequent release of histamine and lysosomal enzymes into the peritoneal and pleural cavities of rats by actinomycin D (dactinomycin). AB - 1. The effects of intraperitoneal injections of actinomycin D on the temporal characteristics of the accumulation of the inflammatory exudate and cells into the peritoneal and pleural cavities were studied in male Sprague Dawley rats. 2. A measurable quantity of the exudate appeared in both cavities within 24 h and reached maxima in the peritoneal and pleural cavities on the fourth and third days, respectively. Thereafter, the accumulated volume of liquid decreased progressively in the peritoneal cavity but stayed more or less at about the same level in the pleural cavity until the sixth day. 3. The pooled peritoneal and pleural exudates contained neutrophils, macrophages, mast cell and eosinophils. The leucocyte infiltration occurred in two phases, the maximum cell numbers being found on the third and fifth days. A precipitous fall in the number of leucocytes occurred on the fourth day. Neutrophils and macrophages accounted for 85-95% of the total number of leucocytes. 4. The supernatant of the inflammatory exudate after centrifugation at 3,000 g contained histamine and the soluble lysosomal enzyme proteins, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase until the sixth day following the initial dose of actinomycin D. 5. It is suggested that the release of lysosomal enzymes in the exudate, subsequent to leucocyte mobilization and the release of histamine from the mast cells, are probably involved in the genesis of inflammatory conditions induced by actinomycin D. PMID- 50159 TI - The analgesic properties of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and codeine. AB - The administration of single oral doses of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to patients with cancer pain demonstrated a mild analgesic effect. At a dose of 20 mg, however, THC induced side effects that would prohibit its therapeutic use including somnolence, dizziness, ataxia, and blurred vision. Alarming adverse reactions were also observed at this dose. THC, 10 mg, was well tolerated and, despite its sedative effect, may analgesic potential. PMID- 50160 TI - Effects of tricyclic antidepressants on drug metabolism. AB - The effects of chronic treatment with amitriptyline and nortriptyline on the elimination from plasma of warfarin, dicumarol, phenytoin, and tolbutamide were examined in man. No alteration of plasma half-life of warfarin, phenytoin, or tolbutamide was observed following dosage with the tricyclic antidepressants used. There was no consistent effect on the metabolism of dicumarol following treatment with amitriptyline or nortriptyline although the bioavailability of dicumarol appeared to be increased. In some subjects, this increased bioavailability was associated with significant prolongation of the plasma half life of dicumarol due to its dose-dependent kinetics. PMID- 50161 TI - The value of combined 5-fluorouracil and x-ray therapy in the palliation of locally recurrent and inoperable rectal carcinoma. AB - The difficulties of treating patients with pelvic recurrence from rectal cancer by further suegery, chemotherapy or by radiotherapy are summarised. Fifty-fibe patients with this form of recurrence are presented to whom 5-fluouracil was administered to improve the effectiveness of radiotherapy. A safe and effective regime is described which produced complete relief of pain in 66 percent of the patients who presented with this symptom with a further 16 percent obtaining partial relief. Total resolution of tumour masses and complete relief from mucoid rectal discharge were achieved less often, although the majority of patients derived benefit from treatment. An important finding of this study has been that in this particular group of patients a short, low-dose course of combined therapy was as effective, both in the relief of symptoms and the prolongation of survival, as more prolonged high-dose treatment. PMID- 50162 TI - The specificity and applications of antibodies to helical nucleic acids. PMID- 50163 TI - Reversible interstitial pneumonitis associated with low dose bleomycin. AB - A patient with nodular histiocytic lymphoma was treated with bleomycin; she later developed interstitial pneumonitis documented by lung biopsy. The dose of bleomycin producing this complication was lower than previously reported, and the pulmonary toxicity was apparently completely reversible. PMID- 50164 TI - A reliable method of quantifying G-band position in chromosomes. AB - The locations of chromosomal bands in the muntajac (Muntiacus muntjak, Zimmerman) are shown to be constant, that is the bands occupy the same relative position regardless of the state of contraction of the chormosome. Each band can thus be assigned a precise location. Different banding techniques produce bands at identical locations and thus precisely similar patterns, with one notable exception in which certain bands disappear. It it proposed that this more exact procedure be used to identify chromosomal bands, especially in cases of chromosomal rearrangement. It may be of particular use in computer analyses of karyotypes. PMID- 50165 TI - The B-chromosome system of Tettigidea lateralis (Say). II. New karyomorphs, patterns of pycnosity and giemsa-banding. AB - Additional samples from a discrete population of the pygmy grasshopper Tettigidea lateralis, at the periphery of the species range, have shown that the frequency of the B-chromosomes has remained stable over a two year period (30-35%), and that there is not significant difference for this metric in the two sexes. The intensity of the preferential movement of the B with the X at male first meiotic division has also remained constant in time and homogenous in different individuals. Hence it is possible that this distortional effect plays a role in the equilibrium frequency of the B in the population. The B's may possess special adaptive properties under ecologically marginal conditions, since in a number of more 'central' demes they occur at much lowere frequencies (7-9%). -Unique morphological and/or behavioral variants of the standard B were encountered in addition to distinct cases of spontaneous fragmentation of A elements. The meiotic behavior and chromatic expression of these centric fragments provide evidence on the possible origin and evolution of supernumeraries. A modified. Giemsa staining technique has been used to identify regions of centromeric (C-) hererochromatin in mitotic and meiotic chromosomes. The C-banding pattern of the X and the allocyclically similar B is compared. It suggested that the B may have originated from the X by deletion of centromeric heterochromatin. This may have affected the centromere "strength" of the nascent B leading to its preferential movement with the X at anaphase I. PMID- 50166 TI - Karyotype and chromosomal banding pattern in Heteropeza pygmaea. AB - The chromosomes of somatic and germ line cells of female embryos produced by paedogenesis were studied. The haploid set in somatic cells consists of one long submetacentric chromosome, one large acrocentric, one medium metacentric and two small acrocentrics. The length vs arm index karyogram makes it possible to distinguish all but the two pairs of small acrocentric chromosomes. --Atempts were made to develope a method for banding pattern visualization. The best result was obtained using trypsin which induced banding in the chromosomes of the somatic cells and occasionally also the germ line cells. The resulting banding patterns were frequently not identical in members of a chromosome pair. There was also a variation between metaphases within an embryo as well as from different embryos. Some tentative explanations for these results are discussed. PMID- 50167 TI - Molecular basis of chromosome banding. I. The effect of mouse DNA fractions on two fluorescent dyes in vitro. AB - The effects of mouse satellite, main band and total DNA on the fluorescence intensity of quinacrine and of the bibenzimidazole derivative Hoechst 33258 were tested in solution. No significant differences were noticed between the double stranded DNAs in spite of the 5% difference in AT-content between satellite and main band DNA. Single-stranded DNAs enhanced the fluorescence intensity of Hoechst 33258 far less than double-stranded DNAs. Having been denaturated and then reassociated the DNA fractions were intermediate in their enhancing effects on the fluorescence intensity of Hoechst 33258, the differences presumably being due to different degrees of reassociation. The effect of denatured and subsequently reassociated satellite DNA on the fluorescence intensity of quinacrine was similar to that of the native DNAs. Main band and total DNA quenched the fluorescence intensity of quinacrine more after denaturation reassociation than it did when native. In the discussion the results are related to known cytological data. PMID- 50168 TI - Molecular basis of chromosome banding. II. The effect of silver and mercury ions on the fluorescence intensity of acranil-DNA complexes. AB - Silver and mercury ions are known to react with the bases of nucleic acids in solution. At low cation/base ratios Ag+ has an affinity for GC pairs in DNA, whereas Hg++ is preferentially bound to AT-rich nucleic acids. We have used fluorometry to measure the effect of these cations on the fluorescence intensity of preformed complexes of acranil and DNA in solution. The results are: 1) Ag+ enhances the fluorescence intensity presumably by affecting the dye intercalated in the vicinity of GC-pairs. 2) The addition of Hg++ leads to a quenching of the fluorescence intensity of the complex at low ion/base ratios, suggesting an effect on the dye molecules bound to AT pairs. At high GC-content of the nucleic acid, slight enhancement of the fluorescence intensity occurs with Hg++. 3) With both metals there is a correlation between base content of DNA and effect on the intensity of fluorescence indicating base specificity of the dye-polymer interaction. PMID- 50169 TI - C banding in polytene chromosomes of Simulium ornatipes and S. melatum (Diptera: Simuliidae). AB - Polytene and mitotic chromosomes of Simulium ornatipes and S. melatum were subjected to C banding procedures. In both species polytene chromosomes consistently show C banding of centromere regions, telomeres, nucleolar organiser and, unexpectedly, numerous interstitial sites. The interstitial C banding sites correspond to morphologically single polytene bands. Their response is graded and independent of band size. Interstitial C bands in S. ornatipes are scattered throughout the complement, whereas in S. melatum they are clustered. Supernumerary heterochromatic segments in S. ornatipes also exhibit strong C banding and inverted segments can differ from standard in C banding pattern. -- Mitotic chromosomes of both species show a single centric C band with indications of two weak interstitial bands in S. ornatipes, suggesting that many C band regions, detectable in polytene chromosomes, are not resolved by present techniques in mitotic chromosomes. -- Contrary to current opinion that C banding is diagnostic for constitutive heterochromatin, the interstitial C band sites of polytene chromosomes are regarded as euchromatic. Conversely, the heterochromatic pericentric regions of S. ornatipes are not C banded. -- It appears that polytene chromosomes offer a promising system for the elucidation of C banding mechanisms. PMID- 50170 TI - On the independence of the CNV and the P300 components of the human averaged evoked potential. AB - We report an experiment designed to assess the interactions between the CNV and the P300 components of human event-related potential. Eight subjects were each presented with series of experimental trials on all of which either a 1200 c/sec or an 800 c/sec tone was presented. There were three independent variables: (a) The presence or absence of a warning flash 1000 msec prior to the tone. (b) The task assigned to the subject--that is subjects were either to make a discriminative response to the tone or, on half the series, to predict prior to the tiral which of the two tones would be presented. (c) The predictability of the tone frequency. On half the series high and low tones alternated from trial to trial. On the other series, tones were chosen randomly on each trial. The data show that the amplitude of the P300 component is not affected by the presence or absence of a warning stimulus. Furthermore, the distributions of P300 and the CNV over the scalp are quite different. These conclusions are supported by a principal component and a discriminant analysis of the data. We conclude that the CNV and the P300 reflect the activity of functionally distinct cortical mechanisms. PMID- 50171 TI - Sleep physiology at high altitude. AB - All night sleep EEG, EKG, and respiration were recorded from six young men during 2 nights at sea level and 4 nonconsecutive nights at high altitude (14.110 ft., 4301 m). Sleep at high altitude was chraacterized initially by a significant decrease in Stages 3 and 4, a significant increase in the number of arousals, and a trend towards more time spent awake. In terms of actual time spent sleep, however, a relatively good night's sleep was obtained, which suggests that the objective sleep disturbance was not commensurate with the marked subjective complaints of sleeplessness. Periodic respiration during sleep was frequent at high altitude, was quickly terminated by oxygen administration, was not clearly related to the increased number of arousals, and usually was not seen during REM periods. Heart rate was increased during sleep at high altitude. All measures tended to return towards sea level means during 12 days at altitude. We suggest that the marked increase in the number of arousals may account for the disparity between the subjective reports and objective measures of sleep disturbance at high altitude. Although the objective sleep disruption is probably related in some fashion to hypoxemia, it is unclear whether hypoxemia itself or the alkalosis commonly present shortly after arrival at altitude is the major factor. PMID- 50172 TI - [Electrophysiologic semiology of daytime sleep in 7 to 9-year-old children]. AB - The afternoon sleep of 12 children aged 7-9 was studied; its electrophysiological indices and sequential organization were described and compared to those of afternoon sleep of adults and to those of night sleep of adults and children. The EEG indices which differentiate sleep patterns of children from adults' were the following: abundance of slow rhythms from onset of sleep; absence of low voltage fast activity at sleep onset and during REM sleep; early appearance of a large amount of transitory potentials in the form of sharp rolandic waves and sharp occipital waves. Moreover, either focal or generalized paroxysmal discharges occasionally occurred. Even when it covers a complete sleep cycle, the afternoon sleep of children appears shorter than both that of adults and the first cycle of night sleep in children of the same age. The organization of sleep components does not allow identification of the classical stages defined in adults nor to describe homogeneous stages which are specific to children. The very atypical character of REM sleep also makes it difficult to differentiate unequivocally the classical slow and paradoxical sleeps. The significance of rolandic and occipital sharp transients is discussed; the role of maturation and the influence of the time of occurrence within the circadian rhythm are considered, in order to explain the phenomenological and temporal characteristics of day sleep in children. PMID- 50173 TI - Long term follow-up of EEG changes following therapeutic surgery in epilepsy. AB - Four cases, given in some detail, illustrate the effort to compare scalp EEGs taken before surgery for intractable seizures with those recorded some years postoperatively, and to relate these, together with the computer analyses of seizure activity recorded in depth, with the pathology found in the removed tissue and, importantly, with the postoperative clinical state of the patient. These four cases illustrate the following results: (1) Confirmation by histology and ultrastructure studies of abnormal neuronal tissue at the site pinpointed by computer analysis of EEGs as the driving focus for the electrical seizure discharge. (2) Correlation of clinical and behavioral improvement with normalization of the EEG, objectively quantified by computer analysis. Examples are given of excellent recovery (3 cases) and one of, at present, partial recovery. PMID- 50174 TI - Electrical phenomena associated with movements of the eyelid. AB - A series of observations were made on a normal subject, a subject with a non metallic prosthesis and one with unilateral facial paralysis in order to demonstrate the role of the eyelid in the production of the electrical potential seen during blinking. The findings support the hypothesis that moving the eyelid over the positively charged cornea of an intact ocular globe alters the electrical field around the globe and is therefore responsible for the recorded potentials. The data are consistent with previous findings that the polarity of the potential due to eyelid movement is opposite that due to vertical ocular rotation in the same direction. The potential occurs in the absence of ocular rotation. PMID- 50175 TI - "Alpha-pattern coma" in high voltage electrical injury. AB - Two cases are reported in which reversible deep coma subsequent to high voltage electrical injury occurred in association with alpha frequencies in the EEG. The EEG pattern differs from the alpha rhythm of the normal awake patient by its diffuse distribution and unresponsiveness to a variety of stimulation. The term "alpha-pattern coma" is introduced to designate the occurrence of this pattern in comatose patients. The EEG in the cases described initially demonstrated activity in the alpha frequency which occurred in a generalized distribution and was unresponsive to stimulation. During the early stages of recovery an increased incidence of theta and delta activity was observed. The recovery records contained a low voltage alpha rhythm and responded to photic stimulation. The literature on this subject is reviewed and the possible modes of pathogenesis are discussed. The authors conclude that such examples of alpha-pattern coma are the result of diffuse cerebral damage and might be detected more frequently in comatose patients who survive if these patients are studied earlier in their clinical course with EEGs. PMID- 50176 TI - A solid state iontophoretic current switch. PMID- 50177 TI - Measurement of EEG time relationships. PMID- 50178 TI - Some comments on the use of Wiener filtering for the estimation of evoked potentials. PMID- 50179 TI - Enhancement of Rolandic mu-rhythm by pattern vision. PMID- 50180 TI - Non-invasive recording of limbic spindles in man. PMID- 50181 TI - Effect of alcohol and task on hemispheric asymmetry of visually evoked potentials in man. AB - The study examined the effect of a dose of alcohol producing a mean blood alcohol content of 90 mg% on components of the scalp-recorded visually evoked potential (VEP) both with and without a visual discrimination task to control the level of attention, and the interaction of amplitudinal hemispheric asymmetry of the VEP with alcohol treatment and the discrimination task. Ingestion of ethyl alcohol producing a mean blood alcohol content of 90 mg% affected VEPs recorded from the central scalp by attenuating the overall amplitude of the later VEP components (60-200 msec) and by significantly reducing hemispheric asymmetry in the amplitude of these VEP components. Alcohol attenuates VEP components P90-N120 and N120-P180, and the task of counting flashes and attending to discriminate double flashes increased amplitude of VEP components N60-P90 and P90-N120 in control and placebo conditions. Several studies have reported that the VEP recorded from the right hemisphere of human beings is larger than the VEP recorded from the homologous location in the left hemisphere. Evoked potentials recorded under control and placebo conditions in this study also demonstrated a hemispheric asymmetry with right larger than left for component P90-N120. We also found a reliable alcohol by hemispheric asymmetry interaction. Alcohol selectively depressed the amplitude of the right hemisphere VEP (P90-N120) component to a significantly greater extent than the left hemisphere VEP was affected. PMID- 50182 TI - The characteristics of EEG activity and the subjective estimation of time during dreams of different structure. AB - During dreams evoked by stimuli of a certain duration, the EEF was studied in healthy subjects and in patients with implanted electrodes (EEG, ESCoG (electrosubcorticogram), unit activity). Estimation of the temporal structure of the dream was made from the verbal account of the subject. In the case of an unformed dream the duration of the dream was shown to be adequately estimated, the EEF and ESCoG patterns to be rather variable, and correlation between the bioelectric activities of different structures to be nearly absent. Apparently, in these cases, only some of the structures participate in the formation of dreams, which accounts for their unstructure, with no disorder of temporal and spatial relationships, is accompanied by certain orderly rhythms, similar EEG and ESCoG patterns, and a high correlation between bioelectric processes occurring in the structures under study. Dreams with a complex structure, with simultaneous action in different aspects and with major overestimation of their duration, are accompanied by polymorphous EEG and ESCoG patterns. Almost no correlation is observed between bioelectric processes in different structures. Apparently these dreams are associated with independent activities in different structures and, in the verbal account, the subject tends to place the events in a certain temporal order which creates the effect of considerable acceleration of the time flow. PMID- 50183 TI - [Sleep stages in the "encephale isole" preparation III. A quantitative and comparative study of wakefulness-sleep cycles in the semi-chronic encephale isole preparation]. PMID- 50184 TI - Hypothalamic temperature during the sleep cycle at different ambient temperatures. AB - Hypothalamic temperature during complete and incomplete sleep cycles (slow wave sleep followed by fast wave sleep and slow wave sleep followed by arousal, respectively) has been studied in freely moving cats at 20 degrees C and 0 degrees C ambient temperatures. The results show that sleep and thermoregulatory processes interact and, at 0 degrees C ambient temperature, become mutally exclusive. The occurrence of fast wave sleep is related to an opptimum range of hypothalamic temperatures which is specific in each enviromental conditions. PMID- 50185 TI - The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) as a model for the study of the epilepsies: EEG records of seizures. AB - EEG recordings have been made from freely moving, seizure sensitive gerbils during seizures of varying severity. The localization of seizure activity in various brain areas and the generalization of this activity could be correlated with the observed motor manifestations. Paroxysmal observed motor manifestations. Paroxysmal bursting has also been recorded in the parietal cortex of a xeizure sensitive animal in which no concomitant peripheral motor activity was evident. These observations strengthen the suggestion that selectively bred epileptic strains of Meriones unguiculatus may be a suitable animal model for the study of the epilepsies. PMID- 50186 TI - Period-amplitude analysis of the electrodencephalogram correlated with liver function in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. PMID- 50187 TI - EEG in brain abscess: its value in localization compared to other diagnostic tests. AB - The EEG records of 13 cases of brain abscess were reviewed for their value in localization. Of the 11 cases of supratentorial abscesses localization was achieved in 10, and correct lateralization in the remaining 1 case. Two other cases were cerebellar abscesses; 1 of them showed a false cerebral localization; the other showed no focal abnormalities. The most consistent EEG localizing sign was focal arrhythmic delta waves. These were as slow as 0.5 c/sec in 6 of the 13 cases. Epileptiform discharges in the pre-operative EEG were seen in 4 of the 13 cases. Asymmetry of beta activity correctly lateralized the abscess in 7 of the 11 supratentorial abscesses. Generalized abnormalities when present correlated with depression of consciousness rather than with the duration of illness or the presence of raised intracranial pressure. Indium brain scans were done in 6 supratentorial abscesses and provided correct or approximate localization in 5. Carotid angiograms were also done in 7 cases and localized the abscess in 6. Our findings show that the EEG is comparable to brain scans and contrast radiological studies in localizing supratentorial abscesses. We feel that the combination of EEGs and brain scanslization in suspected brain abscess. PMID- 50188 TI - A quantitative comparison of traditional reading of the EEG and interpretation of computer-extracted features in patients with supratentorial brain lesions. AB - The EEGs of adult patients with suspected supratentorial brain lesions were recorded on paper and on magnetic tape, using a small computer. The spectra of 16 channels were computed on a 40 sec sample. For each channel, a ratio of the type (delta + theta)/(alpha + beta) was computed and displayed on the computer terminal, a measure of the asymmetry in slow wave activity between homologous areas of the head was also displayed. This display is called a canonogram. It is believed to be a meaningful representation of the important characteristics of the EEG in the presence of supratentorial lesions. In order to assess the clinical value of the canonogram, the presumed localization of the lesion obtained from the interpretation of the traditional EEG and from that of the canonogram were compared to the known location of the lesion is a group of 87 subjects. The comparison was made quantitative by the use of a structured report encoding the traditional interpretation and that of the canonogram as well as the reference data (unequivocal surgical, radiological and clinical localizing evidence). The results varied among the anatomical regions: whereas in the frontal and occipital regions the EEG was slightly more accurate than the canonogram, both methods were similar in the temporal areas and the canonogram seemed more accurate in the centro-parietal regions. An attempt was made to interpret these differences. Furthermore, three readers read the cononograms and gave very consistent interpretations. These results show the reliability and value of this simple computer display for the particular type of EEG studied. PMID- 50189 TI - A new photostimulator for continuous recording of the visual evoked potential. PMID- 50190 TI - An implantable eye movement transducer. PMID- 50191 TI - An objective method for measuring dyskinetic movements in tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 50192 TI - The vibration stimulus. Effects of viscous-elastic resistance of skin on the amplitude of vibrations. AB - Accurate measurements of the vibration amplitude were Fig. 7. Reproducibility of double determinations of the vibratory perception threshold (log V2) in normal persons and uraemic patients. PH=pulp, big toe; MM=medial malleolus. Axes show read values in volts transformed into a log V2 scale. Full and strippled lines indicate mean and 95% confidence limits of expected variation (ref. Table II). Made possible by a piezo-electric transducer (accelerometer). With constant voltage to the vibrator slight compression of the tactor against the skin produced an increase in amplitude, similar to that seen with compression against a rubber diaphragm. Further compression had a variable effect on the vibration amplitude, depending on the nature of the underlying tissue (bone, soft tissue). An exact calibration of the vibration stimulus strength therefore appears impossible, and a comparison of the acuity of vibratory perception is invalidated by the different viscous-elastic protion amplitude and the square of the voltage, as seen for vibrations in air, was also demonstrable between independent measurements of the vibratory perception threshold (VPT) in the two terms. The intra- and interindividual variations in terms of the amplitude and the square of the voltage were of the same order. On a logarithmic scale the reproducibility of VPT was independent of the threshold stimulus strength. PMID- 50193 TI - Differences in sleep in patients with Parkinson's disease. AB - Twenty-three Parkinson patients were recorded during 2 or 3 consecutive nights. Their treatment, if any, was withdrawn for at least 15 days before the first recording session. Some qualitative abnormalities were noticed during each night in 13 of these patients. They consisted in: 1. Repetitive blinking at the beginning of the night when the lights were turned off, persistence of the electromyographic activity of the chin muscles during paradoxical sleep, occurrence of rapid eye movements and blepharospasms during slow wave sleep before the onset of paradoxical sleep episodes, and alpha rhythm during paradoxical sleep. 2. The study of these signs showed that association between blinking and persistence of the activity of the chin muscles during paradoxical sleep is never encountered. 3. The patients with chin muscle activity during paradoxical sleep had a 50% decrease in paradoxical sleep as compared with the group of patients with repetitive blinking. 4. The possibility that lesions of the locus coeruleus are responsible for this decrease in paradoxical sleep is discussed. PMID- 50194 TI - Motor unit activity and preprogramming of movement in man. AB - The activity of single motor units (MUs) is studied during voluntary dynamic movements in man. It is shown that as soon as a MU is set into activity, i.e., at the beginning of the myoelectric burst which precedes the start of the limb movement, there exists a consistent relationship between the peak velocity (for a given inertia) had the interval between the first two consecutive discharges of this MU. Thus, it is likely that when the amplitude of the movement is voluntarily limited, the peak velocity of the movement is preprogrammed. PMID- 50195 TI - Changes in frequency and amplitude of delta activity during sleep. AB - Modified period analysis was applied to all-night sleep recordings from 14 young adult males. The modifications involved addition of measures of integrated amplitude and of time in frequency band to the zero crossings and zero counts of the first derivative. The analysis was directed toward changes in the characteristics of delta activity (0--3 c/sec) across the night. Delta shifted toward lower frequencies and decreased in amplitude as sleep progressed. These trends were apparent in mean values for successive periods of slow-wave sleep (SSWPs). For epochs of record classified as stage 4 EEG, these trends were seen both within and across SSWPs. The physiological significance of these changes is unknown. We suggest that they may reflect the kinetics of the metabolic processes underlying sleep. Whatever their theoretical significance, the present results provide new, normative features of the sleep EEG which are not evident in sleep stage classification. The trends we observed appear sufficiently reliable to merit empirical investigation as a function of age, clinical state, or the administration of drugs in addition to further studies aimed at determining their biological significance. PMID- 50196 TI - The frontal CNV: its dissimilarity to CNVs recorded from other sites. AB - Two new techniques were used to study the distribution of the CNV recorded from the scalp of humans. One technique was for the suppression of eye movements and the elimination of them fron the average data. The other technique was for the recognition of differences in the form of CNVs recorded from different sites. The latter technique utilized an average vertex CNV as a template pattern against which CNVs from the vertex, left and right frontal, central and parietal sites were matched. The results showed that the frontal CNV was different in form from the vertex, central and parietal Cnvs and that the vertex, central and parietal CnvS were similar in form. An analysis of the amplitudes of CNVs showed that the frontal CNVs were significantly smaller than the CNVs from all other sites, that the vertex CNV was significantly larger than the parietal or central CNVs and that the central CNV was significantly larger than the parietal CNV. There were no differences in amplitude between hemispheres within Condition A responding with the right hand) or Condition B (responding with the left hand) or between Conditions A and B. The results are discussed with respect to their possible theoretical implications. PMID- 50197 TI - Auditory evoked potentials during sleep in normal children from ten days to three years of age. AB - Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) to clicks of moderate intensity were studied in 130 normal sleeping children from 10 days to 3 years of age. Latencies of the principal response components were found to decrease with log age, i.e., change was most rapid during the first year of life. From 15 days of age to 3 years, mean latencies decreased as follows: P2 from 230 to 150, N2 from 535 to 320 and P3 from 785 to 625 msec. Variance was quite high, especially at younger ages. The fact that decreases in the latencies of the various components proceeded at different rates suggest that the components reflect quasi-independent neural substrates. The components of shortest latency displayed the weakest relationship to age. Findings with respect to latency for the subset of data obtained during stage 2 sleep were similar to those for the total population which contained responses recorded during several sleep stages. The amplitude of AEP components increased with age with the exception of N1P2 which decreased. Observations with regard to amplitude held both for the overall data recorded during several sleep stages and stage 2 data for components N0P1, N1P2 and N2P3. The amplitude trends for P1N1 and P2N2 were, however, not significant for the stage 2 subset. The maturation of the morphology of the AEP was characterized by a relative increase in the prominence of long latency components. The most striking change was the development of P3. High amplitude, V shaped P3 waves were also associated with stage 3-4 sleep. The changes which were delineated by this study for infancy and early childhood appear to be continuations of developmental trends reported for premature infants and neonates. AEPs are a reliable elicited measure which correlate well with maturation. They, therefore, can be a useful tool both in the study of central nervous system development and in the diagnosis of sensory and neurologic abnormalities. PMID- 50198 TI - Information processing during two types of EEG activity. AB - A 15-year-old girl whose EEG contained frequent bursts of generalized sub clinical spikewave activity was examined on a paced serial-choice response task with simultaneous EEG control. The task was carried out at three different speeds and three different information loads. Performance was compared during paroxysms of spike-wave activity and during normal EEG background activity. Four parameters of performance were compared, each parameter being somewhat differently affected by spike-wave activity. "Response ambiguity" was significantly increased in the presence of spike-wave activity, with a corresponding decrease in the amount of "information transmitted". The "absolute rate" at which information could be transmitted in relation to presentation rate was consequently reduced during spike-wave activity, the effect being most marked at the intermediate speed of presentation (1 signal/2 sec). However, when signals were presented very slowly (1/4 sec) the child's "relative information transmitted" during spike-wave activity approached that achieved under normal background conditions. Thus, accuracy of performance per se is not critically affected by spike-wave; rather it is the rate at which signals can be handled. Spike-wave may therefore be conceptualized as a form of "neural noise" whose effect is to reduce a subject's channel capacity. PMID- 50199 TI - The effect of stimulus orientation on the visual evoked potential in human subjects. AB - The average evoked potential (AEP) produced by a stationary grating of high dark bright contrast, recorded from the human occipital scalp, was less in amplitude when it was presented obliquely than when it was oriented horizontally or vertically, and in addition the amplitude was more variable for the oblique orientation. The Wiener-filtered average method was more sensitive to these inequalities than the conventional averaging. No orientational effect upon the AEP latency was observed. Results were discussed in relation to perceptual and neuronal responses. PMID- 50200 TI - Snoring. AB - Eight heavy snorers underwent nocturnal polygraphic recordings. The principal results are the following: 1. Snoring is an inspiratory (or primarily inspiratory) noise linked to subobstruction of the upper airways. It appears with falling asleep (stage 1) and intensified progressively through the deepening of slow sleep; in REM sleep it becomes discontinuous and is comparable to stage 2 snowing in intensity. 2. In heavy snorers, obstructive apneas are always present and particularly abundant during light sleep (state 2) and REM sleep. 3. In heavy snorers during sleep the systemic arterial pressure reaches and remains at levels higher than those of wakefulness instead of diminishing normally. 4. Some degree of alveolar hypoventilation is associated with snoring when the apneas are especially abundant. These findings confirm the existence of significant polygraphic analogies between snoring and hypersomnia with periodic apneas and indicate that snoring may represent the first phase in the development of this syndrome. Moreover, the effects of snoring on alveolar ventilation and the systemic pressure during sleep suggest that heavy, constant snoring has physio pathological implications for the cardio-circulatory apparatus. PMID- 50201 TI - Single unit activity in basal ganglia of monkeys during performance of a delayed response task. AB - Single unit activity was recorded from the basal ganglia (caudate, putamen and globus pallidus) of monkeys during the performance of a delayed-response task. The task was divided into five epochs: stimulus onset, delay, pre-response, post response and reqard. A high percentage of units recorded from the basal ganglia were found to show significant changes in activity during one or more epochs. Examination of the proportion of units excited or inhibited during a particular epoch indicated that brief increases or decreases in unit firing rates occurred "in phase" in both pallidum and caudate. Longer lasting firing rate changes, however, tended to occur in opposite directions in these two structures. This latter finding is interpreted as representing the consequence of persistent increases or decreases in activity of inhibitory interneurons in the caudate nucleus. PMID- 50202 TI - Pallidal and entopeduncular single unit activity in cats during drinking. AB - It has been shown that pallidal units display changes in firing rate during food seeking and consummatory behavior. The purpose of the present work was to determine which properties of the ingested material or ingestive behavior were most potent in altering unit activity. Single unit activity was recorded in the globus pallidus and entopeduncular nucleus of awake restrained cats during introduction of fluid into the mouth. A very high proportion of pallidal and entopeduncular neurons showed changes in firing rate during fluid injection. Two patterns of response were observed. Typically, responses were phasic and time locked to the occurrence of fluid presentation. Less frequently, a long lasting change in firing occurred which persisted throughout the period of fluid introduction. Additional observations indicated that both of these changes in firing rate seemed to be related to the sensory rather than the motor aspects of ingestion. PMID- 50203 TI - A simplified circuit for stimulus artifact suppression. AB - This note describes a simple electronic method of eliminating time-locked stimulus artifacts from recordings of cerebral evoked potentials. The hardware required for a 16-channel battery-powered suppressor system costs less than $80. The complete circuit can be fabricated from readily available components on a single 6.5x4.5 in., 44-pin circuit board. PMID- 50204 TI - 4-channel 24 hour cassette recorder for long-term EEG monitoring of ambulatory patients. AB - A 4-channel cassette recorder capable of continuously recording the EEG for 24 h on a C-120 cassette is currently in use at the Montreal Neurological Institute. We have done a limited study on 20 patients with over 2000 h of recording to evaluate the recording system, its limitations and its capabilities, and to develop methodology for its operations. The use of preamplifiers enables one to record the background EEG with a noise level of 3-5 muVpp on 4 channels continuously for 1 day. The electrodes can be hidden in the hair and the preamplifier under the collar, to allow the patient to carry on his normal activities at home and at work. Since the cassette and the batteries can be easily changed, the patient himself can prolong the recording for several days. The cassette can be played back as fast as 60 times on a Minograf EEG machine for compressed analysis or 20 times for more detailed write-out, to obtain a record equivalent to standard EEG recordings. The system was not designed to replace or compete with standard EEG recordings but when used on well defined clinical problems, or in specific research projects, it can enhance the diagnostic or research value of the EEG. PMID- 50205 TI - Oculomotor outflow and its relation to electrical activity of suprasylvian gyrus and pulvinar during paradoxical sleep in the cat. AB - During paradoxical sleep, single unit activity was recorded from the posterior part of the middle suprasylvian cortex together with the electrical activity of the medial rectus eye muscles and that of the pulvinar nucleus. Experiments were performed on unrestrained cats, which slept in a dark cage. The intervals between the onsets of the successive phasic ocular EMG bursts were determined. There was a pronounced occurrence of intervals lasting 120-240 msec. The mean discharge rate of the suprasylvian cells during the 200 msec period after the onset of EMG bursts of brief duration was significantly higher than during the 200 msec period before the onset of such EMG bursts. The greatest increase in the mean discharge rate took place during the first 40 msec after the onset of the EMG bursts. A distinct theta activity was seen in the pulvinar during most of the recording time. Its frequency and amplitude varied in general relation to the occurrence and rate of the phasic ocular EMG bursts. PMID- 50206 TI - The clinical significance of occipital spikes as a sole response to intermittent photic stimulation. AB - Forty-five patients who showed occipital spikes as a sole response to IPS have been studied over a 9 year period. Occipital spikes induced by IPS are non specific, not constantly present and in themselves are not indicative of epilepsy. Occipital spikes alone are seen in a very small percentage of clinical photosensitive patients. PMID- 50207 TI - EEG findings in heroin addicts during induction and maintenance on methadone. AB - This study investigated changes in the EEG of addicts initially on heroin as they progressed through the induction and maintenance phases of a methadone program. Spectral analysis of bipolar recordings revealed significant consistent differences only in the eyes-closed resting state. Patients under the influence of heroin showed large sharp peaks at 9-10 c/sec, particularly in the parieto occipital recording. Methadone induction led either to marked reduction of this peak and widening of alpha band activity or to an increase in frequency of the alpha peak to 12 c/sec. After several months of methadone the alpha peak was still absent unless heroin abuse was present, a theta peak was present in three of four patients, and the alpha bandwidth remained broad. Changes in the theta band were more difficult to interpret. PMID- 50208 TI - The centenary of the first published report of brain waves and sensory evoked potentials. PMID- 50209 TI - The localization of equivalent dipoles of EEG sources by the application of electrical field theory. AB - A technique is described for finding the position, magnitude and orientation of the equivalent electrical dipole of EEG activity given the pattern of potential differences recorded at the scalp. The technique is based on an iterative computer program implementing equations describing the electrical field of a dipole in a spherical conductor. The computer program was tested in vitro against data obtained from an inert spherical conductor (a bowl containing physiological saline, fitted with recording electrodes and a movable dipole) and an anisotropic conductor (a similarly equipped human skill including a simulated scalp). In both practical models, the computer program accurately located the dipole, the mean differences between observed and computed loci being of the order of 1 cm at widely different locations. This accuracy was maintained in the anisotropic model even though potentials transmitted through the skill were attenuated by 80%. In vivo, the program successfully located the equivalent generator of blink artefacts within the remaining eye of a one-eyed subject and, in a normal subject, localized the dipole of corresponding potentials to a midline inter ocular position. In further investigation of normal subjects, the distribution of amplitudes at latencies within Wave V of the visual evoked response confirmed the loci of equivalent generators within posterior cerebral regions. The technique was also applied to the alpha rhythm indicating a posterior locus compatible with the view that alpha rhythm is generated chiefly by posterior cerebral cortex. Factors affecting the accuracy of the technique and the limitations of one-dipole models are discussed. PMID- 50210 TI - Stimulus novelty, task relevance and the visual evoked potential in man. AB - Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were recorded from normal adult subjects performing in a visual discrimination task. Subjects counted the number of presentations of the numeral 4 which was interposed rarely and randomly within a sequence of tachistoscopically flashed background stimuli (numeral 2s). Intrusive, task-irrelevant (not counted) stimuli were also interspersed rarely and randomly in the sequence of 2s; these stimuli were of two types: simples, which were easily recognizable (e.g., geometric figures), and novels, which were completely unrecognizable (i.e., complex, colorful patterns). It was found that the simples and the counted 4s evoked posteriorly distributed P3 waves (latency 380-430 msec) while the irrelevant novels evoked large, frontally distributed P3 waves (latency 360-380 msec). These large, frontal P3 waves to novels were also found to be preceded by large N2 waves (latency 278 msec). These findings indicate that "the P3" wave is not a unitary phenomenon but should be considered in terms of a family of waves, differing in their brain generators and in their psychological correlates. These late positive components are discussed in terms of task-relevance, recognition and Pavlov's "what is it" response. PMID- 50211 TI - Sleep studies on a 90-minute day. AB - After 2 adaptation and 2 baseline all-night sleep recordings, 5 normal young adult subjects (3 males) were placed on a schedule alternating 60 min of wakefulness and 30 min of sleep for 5 1/3 24-h periods. A 2-day recovery period followed. One male subject (MA15) was later placed on the identical protocol with the exception that he was allotted periods of 75 min of wakefulness and 15 min of sleep during the experimental period. One male narcolepsy-cataplexy patient was placed on the 60-30 schedule for 48 h. All subjects showed REM sleep during the schedule manipulation. REMM sleep occurred within 10 min of sleep onset (SOREMP) on 79 of 110 REM sleep occasions in the normals, on all 29 REM episodes in MA15, and on 16 of 17 REM periods in the narcoleptic. In the normals, REM sleep showed a tendency to recur on alternate 90-min cycles, while in the narcoleptic REM recurred on consecutive periods. Compared to baseline, REM sleep 24 h was decreased in the normals and increased in the narcoleptic. Time spent in slow wave sleep and stage 2 was also reduced in the normal subjects on the 90-min schedule, and stage 1 sleep time was increased. Peak sleep times for the 5 normals occurred between 09.00 and 12.30 and lowest sleep times from 21.00 to 02.00. During the first recovery night, sleep times ranged from 11.5 to 18.5 h, including significant increases of slow wave sleep and REM sleep. Except for SOREMPs, no signs of the narcolepsy-cataplexy syndrome were seen in any of the normal subjects. PMID- 50212 TI - Electroencephalographic signs of ethanol tolerance and physical dependence in the cat. AB - Spontaneous electrical activity was recorded from three cortical and five subcortical sites, via permanently implanted electrodes, in five conscious, freely-moving adult cats. Initial observations were made during and after an intravenous infusion of ethanol, 1 g/kg. The animals then received ethanol by gastric intubation, in doses of 1.5 g/kg every 8, 12 or 24 h, for a period of 5 weeks. Electrical and behavioral observations were repeated on the day following the last gavage, before and during another intravenous infusion of ethanol 1 g/kg. All animals showed EEG changes which are interpreted as signs of tolerance to and dependence on alcohol. EEG changes appeared up to a day earlier than gross behavioral signs of alcohol withdrawal. PMID- 50213 TI - Differential effect of thalamic and subthalamic lesions on early and late components of the somatic evoked potentials in man. AB - The effect of thalamic (Vo), subthalamic (Raprl) and combined (Vo-Raprl) unilateral lesions on early and late components of the somatic evoked potentials (SEPs) was investigated in a group of 16 cases operated on for the treatment of contralateral dyskinetic movements. In these cases, SEPs were independently produced by stimulation of the left and right median nerves and recorded at the corresponding somatosensory scalp regions. In addition, EEG frequencies and reaction time (RT) were independently and bilaterally determined. These tests were performed before and after operation and changes in SEP, EEG and RT were quantitatively evaluated in relation to both ipsilateral preoperative and contralateral postoperative controls. 1. All cases with either thalamic or combined lesions involving Vo nucleus showed an ipsilateral reduction in amplitude of late SEP components and EEG frequency and a contralateral increase RT. A peculiar form of "inattention" to the contralateral hand was also found. Quantitative evaluation of the total group showed significant amplitude reduction in late SEP components in relation to both ipsilateral preoperative and contralateral postoperative controls. Changes in EEG and RT were only significant in relation to their preoperative ipsilateral controls. 2. Two cases with subthalamic lesions and quick postoperative recovery showed no apparent change in SEP, EEG and RT. Three cases with similar lesions and slow postoperative recovery showed bilateral decrease in amplitude of late SEP components, EEG frequency and increase in RT. Clinical inattention to contralateral hand was also found in all these cases. Quantitative evaluation of the total group showed no significant changes in these parameters in relation to preoperative controls. 3. None of these lesions produced changes in early SEP components or somatosensory deficits at the contralateral hand. PMID- 50214 TI - EEG changes after withdrawal of medication in epileptic patients. AB - Fifty-five patients with intractable partial seizures whose on-medication EEGs demonstrated either predominantly focal epileptiform lesions or absence of paroxysmal activity, were studied, and the effect of withdrawing all anticonvulsive drugs on their EEGs was observed. Four types of response were encountered: (1) no effect (20%); (2) specific (focal) activation (25%); (3) complex activation (29%) with widespread of the initial on-medication focus or appearance of the additional independent epileptogenic foci; and (4) "non specific" activation (63%), consisting of bursts of either bilaterally synchronous and frontally dominant spike and waves, triphasic waves, or sharp slow complexes, or smaller amplitude rapid and diffuse spike-and-wave complexes. This latter effect is thought to be secondary to metabolic derangements resulting from the withdrawal of neurotropic agents and not directly related to the specific epileptogenic process. No association was found between type of effect and any of the following parameters: topography of on-medication focus, duration of therapy, type of anticonvulsant used, suspected underlying etiopathology, or median age when medication was withdrawnn. Furthermore no evidence could be found that the development of a "complex" or "non-specific" EEG effect carried with it a bad prognosis for surgical cure following focal cortical excision. Performing off-medication tracings seems to be of greatest value in patients with partial seizures and EEGs revealing either a relative paucity of definite absence of epileptiform discharges. The occurrence of a "non-specific" response in a questionable epileptic during the off-medication period, on the other hand, should be interpreted with caution. PMID- 50215 TI - [Rhythmic slow waves and multi-unit activity during sleep-waking cycle in the rat ventral tegmentum]. AB - 1. Multi-unit activity (MUA) was recorded together with gross activity in different structures during various states of sleep in 43 rats. The records were made by means of telemetry from lateral hypothalamus, nucleus ruber, formatio reticularis, dorsal hippocampus and the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT) surrounding the nucleus interpeduncularis. 2. The records during paradoxical sleep showed slow rhythmic theta waves located in the VMT and the dorsal hippocampus. In these two structures the MUA was mainly organized in periodic patterns of discharges. In the other structures a continuous increment of the basic level of discharge was superimposed on the periodic patterns. 3. The similarity of the hippocampal and VMT records strengthens the hypothesis that the VMT region has anatomical and functional connections with the limbic system. PMID- 50216 TI - A device for the maintenance of a constant body temperature, with some special features. AB - A device for the maintenance of constant body temperature of laboratory animals during experiments is presented. Some special features make it especially suitable for experiments in which small electrical events are to be recorded, because no 50 or 60 c/sec interference or spurious signals will occur from it, nor is the animal earthed through the apparatus. In 2 years of daily use it has proved to be a reliable and accurate working device. PMID- 50217 TI - Distortion of averaged post-auricular muscle responses due to system bandwidth limits. AB - Substantially different waveform details have been reported in various studies of the post-auricular muscle (PAM) response. By examining the high frequency limits of the pass-bands used to record the response it would appear that the system bandwidth limits have affected the waveform. Recordings were made using a very wide bandwidth, and were used to obtain power spectra of these PAM responses. These determined the minimum bandwidth requirements to avoid distortion of the waveform. It seems clear that a substantial proportion of the differences reported have been due to the use of a recording bandwidth which has distorted the response. PMID- 50218 TI - Chloralose induced alteration of visually evoked response from specific and non specific regions of cat neocortex. AB - Visually evoked response (VER) and EEG from the motor cortex (precruciate gyrus) and the visual cortex (marginal gyrus) of cats were recorded from 4 to 7 h after the injection of anesthetic doses of alpha-chloralose. During the recording period the VER from the precruciat gyrus showed a 200-300% increase in amplitude while the VER from the marginal gyrus rarely varied more than 50% in amplitude, and did so independent of the changes in the VER from the precruciate gyrus. The number of large amplitude spikes in the EEG from the precruciate gyrus also increased dramatically during the recording period, but no definite correlation between changes in VER amplitude and in the number of spikes in the EEG could be demonstrated. These observations suggest a functional separation between specific and nonspecific sensory pathways, with the latter showing a considerably greater sensitivity to level of anesthesia. PMID- 50219 TI - REM sleep and contingent negative variation development. AB - Three subjects demonstrated the ability to respond in a contingent negative variation (CNV) paradigm during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. However, the CNV did not appear as it does in the waking state. This failure of the CNV to develop during REM sleep might be attributed to electrophysiological changes accompanying REM sleep. PMID- 50220 TI - Analysis of motor conduction velocity in the human median nerve by computer simulation of compound muscle action potentials. AB - A digital computer was used to reconstruct compound muscle action potentials recorded from the human thenar eminence after stimulation of the median nerve. The programme allowed the following parameters to be varied: (1) the dimensions of a representative single motor unit potential; (2) the number of motor units in the muscle and the range and distribution of conduction velocities in their nerve fibres; and (3) the distance along the nerve from the point of stimulation to the muscle. The reconstructed compound muscle action potentials were similar to real compound potentials recorded from normal subjects. The number of single motor units and the range of conduction velocities required for the reconstruction correlated with quantitative histologic studies of the recurrent branch of the median nerve to the thenar muscles. By altering the distribution of conduction velocities it was possible to study the effect of abnormal patterns of nerve conduction on the configuration of the simulated compound muscle action potentials. It was found that abnormally slow conduction caused an increased discrepancy between the main parameters of compound potentials corresponding to stimulation of the nerve at proximal and distal sites. These observations suggest that a careful analysis of the differences between pairs of compound muscle action potentials may provide a method for more detailed assessment of conduction velocity in clinical studies of peripheral nerve disorders. PMID- 50221 TI - Effects of time and tasks upon auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials in man. AB - Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) recorded from the vertex and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) recorded from the somatosensory and motor areas and vertex were examined during visual and auditory discrimination tasks, with and without motor responses, and during motor tasks alone in normal human subjects. These procedures allowed the separation of sensory discrimination from motor activity effects on the evoked potentials. It was observed that EPs were modified systematically by task and by temporal variables, even though vigilance, as evaluated through EEG recording and performance level, was stable throughout the experimental recording session. 1. AEPs were minimally influenced by time, but very sensitive to task. Inversely, the SEP amplitude decreased considerably with time and less with task. There was evidence of time/task interaction. 2. The magnitude of SEP attenuation in time was reduced by intervening rest periods. 3. The sensory modality in which the discrimination task was performed did not influence the effect on EPs. A discrimination task involving a motor response reduced EPs more than a pure discrimination or a pure motor task. The task effect seems to involve a general, mechanism (load imposed upon the subject) not dependent on the particular sensory channel used to deliver task-relevant information. PMID- 50222 TI - Effect of voluntary self-paced movements upon auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials in man. AB - The effect of voluntary self-paced movements upon auditory (AEPs) and somatosensory (SEPs) evoked potentials has been investigated according to the temporal relationship between movement and delivery of test stimuli. EPs were recorded in 7 subjects and averaged in 10 successive epochs extending from 880 msec before to 2500 msec after movement. AEPs were attenuated in all epochs. The decrease was greatest in the 220 msec epoch just following movement and involved components N85 and P170. SEPs were attenuated similarly to AEPs when movements were performed by the hand contralateral to somatosensory stimulation. Of the 5 SEP components, only P40 failed to reflect the attenuation, while P95 showed the greatest amplitude decrease. When stimulation was ipsilateral, SEP amplitude was attenuated only when close to the movement. N65 and P95 decreased while N130 increased. In all subjects the results were consistent for treatments of AEP and SEP (with contralateral movements), whereas large inter-individual differences were observed for the SEP with ipsilateral movements. PMID- 50223 TI - Correlation analysis of EEG changes during recognition of images of objects. AB - This work reports the results of both psychological and electrophysiological experiments. It was carried out on 15 normal subjects by the method of cross correlation analysis of EEGs recorded during recognition of tachistoscopically presented images of objects. Changes in the random component Cr of the cross correlation were larger during recognition than during simple mobilization of the subject's attention. PMID- 50224 TI - Post-activation potentiation and the kindling phenomenon. AB - Potentials evoked in the hippocampus and preoptic region of rats by single biphasic pulses applied to the amygdala were compared during recruiting, after post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) and after amygdaloid kindling. The same components were enhanced temporarily by recruiting and PTP as were enhanced permanently by kindling. Trains of tetanic stimulation with parameters which partially mimicked the cellular discharge parameters during an amygdaloid afterdischarge (AD) were applied to the amygdala at a frequency of 1 per 5 sec continuously for 2.5 h or for 15 min a day for 10 days to produce a total of 1800 trains. Amygdaloid kindling rates were then measured and compared with control groups. Animals pretreated with tetanic stimulation required significantly fewer ADs to develop maximal seizures. Further experiments showed that tetanic stimulation, but not recruiting stimulation (10 c/sec), low frequency stimulation (1 c/sec), or handling, would produce a permanent change in potentials evoked in secondary sites by single pulses applied to the amygdala. This change in evoked potential amplitude was significant but smaller than that produced by kindling. Also tetanic stimulation, but not recruiting or single pulses, facilitated subsequent kindling. PMID- 50225 TI - The number and duration of the episodes of the various EEG stages of sleep in young and older people. AB - Episodes of any one electrophysiological sleep stage and of intervening wakefulness were examined as to their numbers and durations in sleep of ten young normal subjects (mean age 22) and in significantly more disturbed sleep of fourteen late middle age normal people (mean age 55). No significant difference between the two age groups was found for any of the stages in the mean number of episodes taken from 4 nights. For any of the stages, the individual numbers of episodes accumulated over the 4 nights varied in a wide range and showed significant consistency with similar data obtained in another set of 4 nights. There were significant differences between the two age groups in episode duration. The sleep of the older group contained significantly higher proportions of longer episodes of wakefulness and drowsiness and significantly lower proportions of longer episodes of slow wave sleep and REM sleep. Thus, the initiation of episodes of EEG stages was on average similar in the better sleep of young and impaired sleep of older subjects, but the maintaining or termination of the episodes were different. PMID- 50226 TI - On hemispheric differences in evoked potentials to speech stimuli. AB - Eight subjects listened to lists of speech sounds (pa or ba) or pure tones (250 or 600 c/sec). Within each list one of the sounds (the "frequent") occurred more often than the other (the "target") in a ratio of approximately 4:1. Subjects were required to count the targets in each list; concurrently, evoked responses to both targets and frequents were being separately averaged from electrodes at vertex at symmetrical left and right parietal locations. The evoked responses show the expected sequence of deflections at all three electrode sites, including large P3 waves (about 350 msec latency) to the target stimuli. However, the left and right hemispheric responses to speech or tones, either frequent or target, were strikingly similar, both to the eye and by statistical tests intended to reveal differences between them. PMID- 50227 TI - Two-dimensional eye movement monitor for clinical and laboratory recordings. AB - A photo-electric device designed to monitor simultaneously vertical and horizontal eye movements within a 20 degrees range is presented with illustrating experimental data. Four small infrared detecting cells are mounted on a light spectacle-like frame together with a miniature true infrared (9000 A) emitting diode. This original design which eliminates separate source illumination artifacts is extremely light, preserves maximum vision field size, and has particularly straightforward operation. The instrument resolution is less than 1 minute of arc with a 1000 c/sec bandwidth and a 5% linearity over the maximum operating range. PMID- 50228 TI - Modification of the direct cortical response by taurine. AB - The effects of taurine on the direct cortical response have been studied in immobilized cats (with local analgesia). The primary negative component of the response was inverted in polarity by the topical application of 25 mM taurine while the later slow negative component was considerably augmented. These effects are identical to those observed with 25 mM GABA. Pentobarbital anesthesia produced little qualitative change in the effects of taurine. With stronger stimuli in the presence of taurine, rhythmic waves followed each stimulus both at the cortical surface and at a depth of 1000 mum. An increase in the EEG amplitude following topical taurine was generally localized to the cortical surface but in certain experiments, could be recorded at cortical depths up to 1000 mum. PMID- 50229 TI - The feedback effects of sex steroid hormones on pituitary gonadotropin release in Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome. AB - The present study was designed to elucidate the feedback relationship between the release of pituitary gonadotropins and sex steroid hormones in Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome. LH-RH stimulation test was employed to evaluate the effects of sex steroids on the release of gonadotropins. The release of gonadotropins in response to LH-RH as well as in baseline level was suppressed after the treatment with estrogen (mestranol 0.08 mg/day) for 10 days, followed by the treatment of the same period with estrogen (mestranol 0.08 mg/day) and progesterone (chlormadinone acetate 2.0 mg/day) in combination in both syndromes. The inhibitory effect of the combined treatment was greater than that of the treatment with estrogen alone. Administration of testosterone propionate (25 mg/day) for 3 days resulted in suppression of the release of both gonadotropins in baseline level and in response to LH-RH in both syndromes, but the suppressive effect appeared to be less complete as compared with that of estrogen or estrogen progesterone. It was thus verified that the feedback interaction between the pituitary gonadotropin release and sex steroids such as estrogen, estrogen progesterone or testosterone was operative in the same fashion in the patients with Turner's syndrome and Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 50230 TI - [Cytological and immunocytochemical studies of the anterior pituitary gland of the beagle bitch during various reproduction phases]. AB - The changes in anterior pituitary (AP) of pregnant and lactating dogs as compared with pituitary of animals in metestrus-anestrus phase are described with special reference to the relative proportion, topography and morphology of prolactin cells, somatotrophs, corticotrophs, thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs. For demonstration of these cells, suitable histological, histochemical and immunoenzyme cytochemical methods are used. The prolactin cells show progressive hyperplasia during pregnancy, so that at the end of this phase and during lactation, they comprise the most predominant glandular cells in AP. At the same time, they reveal massive hypertrophy with marked morphological features of high secretory activity, After transient or continous interruption of the suckling stimulus they show signs of functional inhibition on involution. The corticotrophs appear at 20. and 30. days of pregnancy to be relatively increased in number. While in the last third of pregnancy and during lactation, they only seem to be more active than those in pituitary of metestrus-anestrus dogs. The somatotrophs appear to be progressively reduced in relative number during pregnancy and lactation. However, they show some morphological signs of active secretion. The thyrotrophs did not show any morphological alterations during the different reproductive phases. The gonadotrophs reveal during pregnancy, especially at 30. day morphological signs of stimulation. On the contrary they appear atrophied during lactation. This may be a result of suckling stimulus and morphological expression of the inverse relationship in the secretion pattern of gonadotrophins and prolactin in dogs during suckling. The estrogen and progesterone levels in plasma as well as the changes in their relative concentrations may largely account for the structural changes on AP of pregnant dogs. However, neuroendocrine reflexes (e.g. suckling stimulus) seem to be of a great importance for the maintainance of stimulation of prolactin cells during lactation. PMID- 50231 TI - [Enzyme histochemical studies on the rat adrenal cortex, ovary, uterus and vagina following chlormadinone acetate administration, especially cholinesterase activity in myometrium and endometrium]. AB - 1. Female albino rats were treated with a total of 28 mg of chlormadinone acetate (CMA) for 28 days. In the adrenal cortex, the ovary, the vagina, and the uterus the activities of 3-beta-ol-steroiddehydrogenase, of dl-beta-OH-butric acid dehydrogenase, of alcaline and acid phosphatases, of DPN-diaphorase, of ATP-ase, and of non-specific esterases do not differ from untreated controls. 2. In the external muscle layer of the myometrium strong cholinesterase (ChE) activity was induced by C.M.A. A corresponding high ChE activity is normally found in immature rats or in estrus. 3. Furthermore, by treatment with CMA, ChE activity was induced in the tubular glands of the endometrium. This activity is found in the small parts of glomerate glandular terminals only but not in the rest of the glandular epithelium, nor in the epithelium of the cavum. It could be demonstrated that a corresponding ChE activity normally appears in the second third of pregnancy. The ChE activity induced by CMA was considerably higher and more widespread than during normal pregnancy. 4. It is concluded that in the endometrial glands a development similar to pregnancy is initiated by CMA. But development stops at the stage of ChE activity, thus leading to accumulation of ChE active cells. PMID- 50232 TI - Interactions of antiepileptic drugs. AB - Several interactions involving antiepileptic drugs are based on changes in the rate of their metabolism and elimination, with concomitant rise or fall of plasma levels. Thus, phenobarbital generally induces the production of the DPH metabolizing enzyme, but its presence inhibits the action of that enzyme. The net result depends upon the balance between these factors in individual patients. Either a decline, a rise, or no change of the DPH plasma level may occur after the onset of administration of phenobarbital. Drugs that may cause elevation of the DPH plasma level include disulfiram, sulthiame, bishydroxycoumarin, chloramphenicol, phenyramidol, benzodiazepines, sulfamethizole, and isoniazid. Isoniazid has been shown experimentally to be a strong inhibitor of DPH metabolism. The extent of DPH plasma level elevation by INH is related to the genetic make-up of individual patients. The highest and frequently toxic DPH plasma levels were seen in very slow INH inactivators. The incidence of clinically significant interactions is not high with most drug combinations; marked changes of antiepileptic drug levels occur only in apparently susceptible individuals. The effects of interactions are not necessarily detrimental; elevation of a low ineffective level may improve seizure control. A rise to a toxic level range requires reduction of the dose of primary drug or elimination of interfering drugs. Monitoring the blood levels of anti-epileptic drugs provides the best means to anticipate interactions and to regulate the doses when multiple medications have to be used. PMID- 50233 TI - Antigenic determinants in the disulfide regions of bovine fibrinogen. AB - Rabbit antibodies to bovine fibrinogen were used to study the antigenic activity of four cyanogen bromide peptides containing the disulfide regions of this molecule. In precipitation tests the highest activity was associated with the peptide F-CB3 which is exclusively derived from the alpha-chain. Reduction of the single disulfide bridge in peptide F-CB3 did not influence its serologic activity. Weaker reactions were observed with the N-terminal multichain peptide F CB1. The antigenicity of peptide F-CB1 was not affected by removal of fibrinopeptides A and B but it was lost after reduction. The immunological activity of the multichain peptide F-CB2 was even less than that of peptide F-CB1 and the antigenic determinants were destroyed by reduction. A large fragment essentially composed of peptides F-CB1 and F-CB2 could be obtained by limited cyanogen bromide cleavage and showed considerably better immunological activity than peptides F-CB1 and F-CB2 together. Apparently no activity was associated with a mixture of small hydrophobic, disulfide-loop peptides tentatively called peptide F-CB4. The large loss of antigenic activity in cyanogen bromide digests of fibrinogen suggests that the disulfide-stabilized regions do not have an important role in maintaining conformational antigenic determinants of fibroinogen. Changes in noncovalently stabilized conformation requiring uncleaved chains is considered as a possible reason for the findings observed. PMID- 50234 TI - Barrier impairment and immune reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Investigations on pathophysiological processes in the CSF space due to impairment of the blood-CSF barrier and due to an immune reaction are reported. Barrier disturbances and immune reaction are demonstrated by means of absolute values of CSF protein electrophoresis and by measurement of immunoglobulins. With inflammatory diseases of the CNS, an altered blood-CSF barrier will often be seen at the moment of the first lumbar puncture. Multiple sclerosis, subacute leucoencephalitis and neurosyphilis show signs of a distinct immune reaction together with an increase of the gamma-globulins as well as the immunoglobulin G in the absence or slight presence of a barrier impairment. Non-inflammatory diseases of the CNS have variable barrier disturbances. PMID- 50235 TI - Alpha subunit of glycoprotein hormone: presence in peripheral serum after LHRH. AB - A method is described for the selective measurement of human luteinizing hormone (hLH) and alpha subunit. The assays employ highly purified tracers of hLH and of subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGalpha) and a "mixed population" of antibody: Population I (directed against determinants on beta subunit of hCG) and Population II (directed against determinants on alpha subunit of hCG). The former is present in greater concentration than the latter. When the mixed antibody is used at higher dilution (1:1.2x10(6)), Population II is effectively diluted out, and using 125I-labelled hLH as tracer, the assay recognize hLH, hCG and their beta subunits 20-50 times more sensitively than hCGalpha. When the mixed antibody is used at fivefold higher concentration, Population I is present in relative excess and acts as a "sink" for hCG, hLH and their beta subunits. Under these conditions, using 125I-hCGalpha as tracer, the assay recognize the alpha subunit 20 to 50-fold more sensitively than hLH and hCG. These assays have been employed in the study of sera which have been filtered over Sephadex G-100. Alpha subunit was detected in serum within minutes after intravenous injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in four subjects tested. PMID- 50236 TI - Granulocyte collagenase, elastase and plasma protease inhibitors in purulent sputum. AB - Sputum was collected from patients with purulent chronic bronchitis. Immuno chemical techniques using rabbit antiserum against human granulocyte collagenase and elastase showed the presence of both enzymes. Also the serum protease ingibitors alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha2-macroglobulin were demonstrated. Their protease inhibiting capacity was saturated. Granulocyte elastase and collagenase occurred not only in complexes with the inhibitors, but also as free enzymes. All sputa showed free proteolytic, elastolytic and collagenolytic activity. The concentration of collagenase was equal in the sol phase and in the gel phase of the sputa, but most of the elastase was bound to the gel phase. PMID- 50237 TI - A comparison of subjective measurements of human sperm motility and viability with two live-dead staining techniques. AB - Two commonly used live-dead stains (eosin-nigrosin (EN) and eosin-opal blue (EOB)) were compared with the estimated active spermatozoa in semen samples from patients attending an infertility service. Twenty-eight semen samples were analyzed throughout the day of their collection by estimating the number of active spermatozoa and by staining a portion of the incubated sample (37 degrees C) with each stain. The samples were analyzed 30, 60, 120, 240, and 360 minutes after the initial collection. At 30 minutes there were no significant differences between the estimated values and those of either stain. The slope of the EN stain closely paralleled that of the estimated measurements throughout the remainder of the time periods, while the EOB slope was somewhat steeper. Repeatability of values for semen samples obtained on different days was generally good for each stain. A comparison of semen samples from 85 patients, 30 minutes after collection, showed no significant differences between the numbers of estimated active sperm and the percentage live using the EN stain. Studies of 132 semen samples using the EN stain showed a positive correlation with the over-all quality of sperm motility. The results indicate that there is a role for live dead staining in assessing semen quality. PMID- 50238 TI - Bleomycin therapy in mycosis fungoides. AB - Nine patients with mycosis fungoides in different stages were treated with Bleomycin. Much better results were obtained with this new drug in the six patients with the infiltrative or beginning tumour stage than in the patients in the advanced tumour stage. Complete remission was not seen. In one case the results were objectivized by DNA cytophotometry. The role of Bleomycin in the treatment of mycosis fungoides is discussed. It is concluded that Bleomycin is not the medicament of choice for the treatment of mycosis fungoides. PMID- 50239 TI - In vitro synthesis of beta2-microglobulin by human fetal tissues. PMID- 50240 TI - Heterogeneity of allergenic extracts and of the antibody response in allergic patients. AB - An attempt to provide an overview of intrinsic problems encountered in the definition of the immunochemical parameters involved in the allergic response in terms of the appropriate in vivo and in vitro manifestations. The primary difficulty stems from the complexity of the chemical composition of most extracts of allergenic materials and from the lack of simple laboratory methods for establishing the allergenic profile of each patient as a function of the different components of a given extract. The principles of inhibition of the Prausnitz-Kustner passive transfer test and of the radioallergosorbent technique will be described; from the results one may deduce the minimum number of distinct allergenic components and of the corresponding reaginic antibodies of IgE type. The possible use of monovalent, hapten-like, low molecular weight constituents of allergens for blocking the triggering of the release of vasoactive amines from mast cells and basophils of allergic patients will be discussed. In addition of IgE antibodies, the spectrum of antibodies produced by the allergic patient, both before and after hyposensitization, involves immunoglobulins of the IgG, IgM and IgA classes, which can be measured by radioimmunoelectrophoretic and immunodiffusion techniques; IgM antibodies can be readily differentiated from IgG antibodies by the hemagglutination technique, or by adaptation of reverse immunosorbent procedures. Similarly, the heterogeneity in relative affinities of the different antibodies for a given allergenic fraction may be established by the use of immunosorbents. The effectiveness of hyposensitization therapy could be thus correlated with objectively measurable immunological parameters. Possible mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of this treatment will be discussed in the light of recent experiments in animal systems, suggesting the mandatory cooperation between T and B cells for the induction of the reaginic response. PMID- 50241 TI - Standardization and control of allergens administered to man. PMID- 50242 TI - Problems raised by potency evaluation of allergen preparations. AB - Wide variations are observed in the potency of allergen preparations available for use on humans. There are numerous methods of in vivo or in vitro testing: skin testing, passive anaphylaxis testing on animals, study of precipitins, histamine release tests on human leukocytes, radio-immunological assay test (RAST), blasticlymphocyte transformation test (TTB). The first investigations seemed to show that the allergenic potency of a large number of inducing substances was due to proteic activity; this gave rise to the theory that potency could be evaluated by protein nitrogen units (PNU). However, the protein content of an allergenic extract is not always active. In addition, natural specific proteins are altered during the extraction process or subsequently during preservation. Where the active antigen is known, comparison of different testing with various preparations may be made. The results show excellent correlation between the two biological results (cutaneous reaction and histamine release) and the content of E antigen. No relation with PNU has been observed. Certain authors propose the following: skin testing, PNU titration, dosage of certain elements (polysaccharides, lipids, phosphates, etc.), RAST. The great differences observed between the value of skin testing and the RAST may be due to the large number of active antigens in different 'dusts' and to the fact that the RAST method measures only IgE whereas allergic activity of these allergens is no doubt associated with other types of antibodies. The complexity of the problem shows that a great many studies are still necessary to provide a satisfactory solution. PMID- 50243 TI - Preliminary characterization of a major allergen of timothy grass pollen. AB - Previous studies with timothy pollen extracts demonstrated that a low molecular weight dialyzable fraction, antigen D, possessed the allergenic determinant of the major allergen of timothy pollen (allergen B). Bio-gel P-2 gel-filtration of the dialysate fraction resulted in the isolation of a fragment, antigen D3 with a molecular weight near 1000. The relationship of antigen D3 to the antigenic and allergenic determinants of allergen B was evaluated by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in guinea pigs sensitized with rabbit antitimothy sera and by allergen-induced histamine release from monkey lung tissue passively sensitized with the serum of timothy-sensitive patients. These studies demonstrated that 10 units of antigen D3 gave 1) a 70% inhibition of PCA reactions in guinea pigs challenged with allergen B, and 2) a 73% inhibition of allergen-induced histamine release from monkey lung tissue sensitized with timothy reagin and challenged with the crude pollen extract (WST). Although chemical characterization studies of the antigen D3 fragment are still being carried out it appears that the major components fo this fragment are 1) a flavonoid pigment - quercitin, 2) a disaccharide moiety - cellobiose, and 3) the amino acid threonine linked together in an )O-glycosidic type linkage. PMID- 50244 TI - Standardization of allergens by an improved skin-testing technique. AB - From the seemingly most appropriate methods for standardization procedures of allergen extracts, the most serious candidates are in sequence of age: the old atopic skin test, the histamine-release test, using human basophil cells and the radio-allergosorbent test. At the moment it is not yet certain which method gives the most exact results, although, especially in the last ones - as part of the whole test - highly sophisticated methods are used. The skin test is not dependent on modern laboratory methods, is used on a world-wide scale, but as method studied very poorly. This is a matter of regret, because at any rate the skin test gives the clinician a lot of valuable information. The major drawbacks of the skin test are that the inclination of the log-dose response line is rather small and that the results of tests done with the same dose may vary sometimes not inconsiderably. Furthermore, the results are dependent on the sites of the skin where the tests are done and on the amount of fluid injected intracutaneously. There is a diurnal variability, a certain influence of the menstrual cycle and of course influence of medicaments (histamines). Nevertheless, taking all these factors into consideration and using a highly perfected method of skin testing, it appeared possible in 16 experiments, with not more than six volunteers per experiment, to reduce the variability of the bioassay between the limits of +50 and minus 50 per cent. PMID- 50245 TI - Chemistry of a low molecular weight ragweed pollen allergen RA5, and association of human responsiveness to RA5 with HL-A7 cross-reacting group. AB - A protein allergen, Ra5, was isolated by column chromatographic procedures from the aqueous extract of short ragweed pollen by Lapkoff and Goodfriend. The allergen was obtained in a highly homogenous form, was devoid of carbohydrate and had the low molecular weight of 5100 daltons. A report will be given of studies by Marsh, Bias, Hsu and Goodfriend on the cutaneous activity of Ra5 in 105 antigen E-sensitive patients along with HL-A typing of these patients. The results have demonstrated a highly significant association between sensitivity to Ra5 and possession of a histocompatibility antigen of the HL-A7 cross-reacting group (creg). By analogy with studies in inbred strains of mice, this finding suggests control of human sensitivity to allergens by immune response genes. A brief account will also be given of studies on the primary structure of allergen Ra5 by Mole, Goodfriend, Lapkoff, Kehoe and Capra which have to date yielded the complete amino acid sequence of this protein. PMID- 50246 TI - Effect of cyclic AMP and related substances on the production of alpha fetoprotein by ascites hepatoma AH-66 cells in culture. PMID- 50247 TI - Optimum fractionation regimen for bleomycin treatment. AB - A theoretical analysis was made on the optimum Bleomycin treatment regimen on the basis of the "binding-saturation model" which was proposed for the Bleomycin dose cell survival relation. The surviving fraction of tumor cells decreased as a function of the number of fractionated treatments up to the optimum fractionation number if the tumor was treated with the same total dose. The effect of cellular sensitivity to the antibiotic, tumor doubling time, treatment interval, and total doses on the optimum regimen was analyzed. The importance of treatment interval and tumor doubling time was emphasized and the short treatment interval was recommended for the clinical use of this antibiotic. The optimum number of fractions increased linearly with the increase of the total dose while the optimum single dose was independent of the total dose. A concept of the tumor control probability of tumors treated with the optimum fractionation regimen was introduced and implications of these analyses in the clinical cancer chemotherapy were discussed. PMID- 50248 TI - Effect of various factors on induction of liver tumors in animals by the alpha isomer of benzene hexachloride. AB - The tumorigenic effect of a diet containing the alpha-isomer of benzene hexachloride (alpha-BHC) on the liver of various animals was examined. It was found that alpha-BHC induced liver tumors in male and female mice but not in rats or hamsters in the present observations. Histological changes in the liver of mice induced by alpha-BHC were also much greater than those induced in rats or hamsters. Male animals were more susceptible to the tumorigenic action of alpha BHC than females. Among different strains of mice, the DDY showed greatest susceptibility and the C57BL/6 showed the least. Induction oflpha-BHC was not inhibited by concomitant feeding of 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate or p- hydroxypropiophenone. However, 3-methylcholanthrene slightly inhibited their induction by alpha-BHC. PMID- 50249 TI - alpha-Fetoprotein detected in rat transplantable hepatomas by radioimmunoassay. AB - Production of rat alpha-fetoprotein by transplantable ascites hepatoma was studied by radioimmunoassay method. alpha-Fetoprotein was detected in sera from rats bearing 22 out of 50 ascites hepatoma cell lines that were previously negative for the presence of alpha-fetoprotein by the Ouchterlony test. alpha Fetoprotein was also detected with high prevalency in Morris hepatomas and sublines of Yoshida sarcoma by this assay system. PMID- 50250 TI - Intramural injection of ethanol under direct vision for the treatment of protuberant lesions of the stomach. AB - The experimental production of gastric ulcers in dogs by subnucosal injection of ulcerogeic agents is described. The most satisfactory agent tested was 95% ethanol, because it produced immediate changes in the mucosa which delineated the size of the ulcer. The depth of ulceration could be controlled and the ulcer healed readily. Using this technique of ulcer formation, treatment of protuberant gastric lesions was attempted. Eradication of the pedunculated and narrow-based polyps in stomach was almost totally successful by injection into the base. Wide based lesions, including atypical hyperplasia and the elevated type of early gastric cancer, were also completely eradicated in 96% of the treated cases. There have been no complications. An initial assessment of the practicality of this method in poor risk patients is presented. PMID- 50251 TI - Clinical observations during a relatively early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma, with special reference to serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. AB - Five cases of hepatocellular carcinoma in whom diagnosis was made when the tumor was relatively small, are described. In 2 cases, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) strted to rise sharply, which enabled early detection and surgical removal of the tumor. Serum AFP was below 100 ng per ml, but above the upper normal limit by radioimmunoassay, and was unfluctuating for a considerable period of time before it began to rise in 2 cases. It was negative throughout in 1 case, who lived more than 4 years after the tumor had reached a detectable size. In 4 of 5 cases, the tumor seemed to have evolved during a stage of chronic hepatitis or its transition to cirrhosis. In 1 case with chronic schistosomiasis and advanced mixed macro- and micronodular cirrhosis, a 1.5-cm tumor was detected by celiac angiography. These observations on time relationship of oncogenesis may be generalized to modify the cirrhotic liver. Necessity is emphasized for the early detection of this type of carcinoma to monitor serum AFP in chronic hepatitis patients, particularly in those with unfluctuating, mildly abnormal levels of AFP. PMID- 50252 TI - Formal genetics of the HL-A region. AB - The extreme polymorphism of the HL-A system is due to the presence of two (SD1, SD2) and perhaps three linked polyallelic genes. The distinction of "bridging antibodies" (reacting with several HL-A specificities recognizing separate sites on the HL-A molecule) from the main HL-A determinant as it is demonstrated by absorption/inhibition experiments increases this complexity. The HL-A linkage group is composed of other systems: LD1, LD2, PGM3, ADA (?), P, ME1, IPO-B and possibly a "hay fever gene". No gametic or zygotic selection was found in spite of the presence of HL-A antigens on spermatozoa. Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) is principally governed by LD genes. The main (LD2) gene is probably situated outside the interval SD1, SD2, near SD2. Other LD genes (LD1 inside the interval SD1-SD2 and LD3) are suspected. The presence of an immune response gene (Ir) has not yet been demonstrated although several diseases associated with specific SD2 antigens are known. These different genes (SD1, SD2, LD1, LD2, LD3 and Ir) probably form a functional unit in the allo-immunozation. PMID- 50253 TI - The molecular genetics of human cancer and its etiologic implications. PMID- 50254 TI - Antibodies to double-stranded (native) DNA in active chronic hepatitis. AB - Sera from 36 patients with active chronic hepatitis were studied for the presence of antibodies to double-stranded (native) DNA. These antibodies are a specific antinuclear antibody previously shown to have a high degree of specificity for systemic lupus erythematosus. Fifteen of the 36 patients (42%) were found to have levels of antibody usually only reported in systemic lupus erythematosus and higher than those seen in a control population. Anti-DNA antibodies were not found in a group of 22 patients with other forms of liver disease. PMID- 50256 TI - [Proceedings: Histocytochemical study of neoplastic transformation in azo-dye induced liver neoplasm with alpha fetoproteins as a marker]. PMID- 50257 TI - [Proceedings: Production of alpha fetoprotein and albumin by cultured tumor cells]. PMID- 50255 TI - Tumour immunology and the gut. AB - This review set out to answer several questions related to tumour immunology and the gut. It is evident that in patients with gastrointestinal cancer there is a general depression of the immune response and this seems to be correlated with the stage of the disease. Paradoxically a specific immune response against definable tumour antigens can be demonstrated, both cellular and humoral mechanisms being involved although the complexities of this paradox require further analysis. Immunotherapy has been employed in gastrointestinal tumours in a sporadic way. The results suggest that gastrointestinal neoplasms may respond at least as well as other tumours. A firm conclusion awaits the results of controlled trials in which the bulk of the tumour has been effectively dealt with by other means or where combined immunochemotherapy is being used. PMID- 50258 TI - New aspects of radioimmunochemical measurement of human parathyroid hormone using the labelled antibody technique. AB - Two forms of heterogeneity of parathyroid hormone (PTH) have given rise to conflicting results: one due to the heterogeneity of the secreted species from the gland and their peripheral metabolism and the other representing the immunochemical heterogeneity of the available antibodies. We have developed sequence specific assays using the technique of labelled antibodies. Therefore, results of assays measuring the C-terminal part and the (1-34)-N-terminal part of the molecule could be compared to those of an assay for hormone bearing both N- and C-terminal antigenic determinants. This assay is supposed to detect predominantly (1-84)-intact hormone. The immunoradiometric assay of (1-34)-PTH has a sensitivity of 0.04 ng/ml. This technique avoids the critical iodination of the hormone fragment containing no tyrosine. There is the expected overlap between normal subjects and patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism. The most important finding are results from patients undergoing neck catheterization. We demonstrated nonuniform secretion of different species of PTH by parathyroid adenomata and normal glands. This supports the hypothesis of cleavage of the (1-84)-molecule in the gland. PMID- 50259 TI - [On the role of pentachlorocyclohexene in the metabolism and action of hexachlorocyclohexane. I. Synthesis of beta-pentachlorocyclohexene and its identification as the monodehydrochlorination product of alpha hexachlorocyclohexane (author's transl)]. AB - It is the aim of a series of investigations to test whether or not beta pentachloro-1-cyclohexene is an intermediate in the biodegradation of alpha hexachlorocyclohexane. This paper describes attempts to synthesize this intermediate by chemical methods. 1) Pentachlorocyclohexene was synthesized by partial additive chlorination of chlorobenzene. Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that at least five different isomers of pentachlorocyclohexene had been formed. 2) Treatment of alpha hexachlorocyclohexane with alkaline buffer (pH 8) produced trichlorobenzenes and, in small yield (4%), a pentachlorocyclohexene. This was isolated and identified as the beta-isomer by melting point (71.8 - 72.6 degrees C, uncorr.), IR- and mass spectrum. Dehydrochlorination of beta-pentachlorocyclohexene produced the trichlorobenzene isomers in a pattern which is characteristic of alpha hexachlorocyclohexane. The position of the chlorine substituents in the beta pentachlorocyclohexene molecule as judged from NMR studies is e-aeee. This confirms that it is the monodehydrochlorination product of alpha hexachlorocyclohexane. The configurations of gamma- and delta pentachlorocyclohexene, determined for comparison, are e-eeaa and e-eeee, respectively. The kinetics of dehydrochlorination of both alpha hexachlorocyclohexane and beta-pentachlorocyclohexene in alkaline acetone/water (3 + 2) was studied by means of conductometry. Both reactions are of second order: kappa alpha-HCH 0.0495 [1 times mol- minus 1 times s- minus 1[; kappa beta-PCH 0.905 [1 times mol- minus 1 times s- minus 1] (3.6 degrees C). 3) Dehydrochlorination of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane in pyridine/xylene (3 + 4) was also studied. An earlier report claiming that gamma-pentachlorocyclohexene (and not the beta isomer) is produced in this medium was confirmed, if the reaction was performed at high temperature (120 - 140 degrees C). Moreover, the ratio of trichlorobenzene isomers formed from alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane shifted to a pattern characteristic of the gamma (or gamma) isomer. However, at temperatures of 90 degrees C or less, beta-pentachlorocyclohexene was the main product. The results strongly suggest that in pyridine/xylene, the same isomer is primarily produced from alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane and is isomerized to the gamma, delta and at least two other isomers of pentachlorocyclohexene before further dehydrochlorination ensues. A simple method for the synthesis of beta pentachlorocyclohexene is presented. PMID- 50260 TI - Symposium on pathology of the gastrointestinal tract-Part II. Small intestinal biopsy. AB - A practical approach to the interpretation of peroral small intestinal biopsy specimens is presented. Biopsy technique and tissure handling are described. Interpretation of normal and abnormal biopsy specimens is discussed. A practical classification of abnormal small intestinal biopsies is presented and illustrated. PMID- 50261 TI - Whipple's disease. An example of the value of the electron microscope in diagnosis, follow-up, and correlation of a pathologic process. AB - Two cases of Whipple's disease were followed by electron microscopic study of periodic peroral suction biopsy specimens of small intestine to show the presence and disappearance of the interstitial lamina proprial organisms, the sequential changes of the macrophages, and the return to normal leukocytic population of the lamina propria following prolonged treatment with tetracycline. The value of electron microscopy in the detection of small numbers of micro-organisms is demonstrated. Ultrastructural study is the most efficient method of demonstrating the presence of diagnostic micro-organisms, measuring the adequacy of treatment, and identifying possible early reactivation of infection. PMID- 50262 TI - The clinician's view of diagnostic electron microscopy. AB - From the clinician's standpoint, it has become increasingly evident that use of the electron microscope should no longer be confined to research institutes, but should be applied as an adjunct to clinical diagnosis, a guide to therapy, and a means of elucidating pathogenetic mechanisms. The usefulness of electron microscopy is stressed in relation to hematology, nephrology, virology, gastroenterology, and the study of miscellaneous metabolic conditions such as the storage diseases. PMID- 50263 TI - The ground glass hepatocyte as a diagnostic hint. PMID- 50264 TI - [Late replication and X-autosome traslocation a case with banding patterns autoradiographic and B.U.D.R. studies (author's transl)]. AB - A patient with ovarian failure was found to have a segment of the long arm of an X chromosome translocated to the distal end of the short arm of a 2nd chromosome: 46,Xt(X;2) (q21;p25). The Barr bodies were of normal size. Autoradiographic and B.U.D.R. studies showed that the normal X was the late-replicating X. The translocated segment was late replicating in 5% without spreading effect. It is suggested that preferential inactivation of the normal X chromosome is observed when a segment of X chromosome is translocated onto an autosome. When a segment of autosome is translocated onto an X chromosome the abnormal X chromosome is consistently late-replicating. These findings may be available for other mammalian species in the balanced translocations. PMID- 50265 TI - [Four new cases of X-autosome translocation in man (author's transl)]. AB - Four new cases of translocations involving the X chromosome are reported. The first is a balanced t(1;X) observed in an abnormal girl. In most of the cells, the normal X is inactivated. The second case is a woman with oligomenorrhea, who has had two spontaneous abortions. She carries an umbalanced t(X-autosome). In all cells, the abnormal X, including the autosomal segment, is inactivated. The third and fourth cases are a mother, and her son. The mother has oligomenorrhea, carries a t(X,X), and has a karyotype of 46,X,+der t(X;X) and that of her son is 47,XY,+der t(X;X) and shows behavioral abnormalities. The abnormal X chromosome is inactivated in all the cells analyzed. PMID- 50267 TI - Variants of normal human alpha2-macroglobulin. Immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme binding effect. AB - Three phenotypical variants of normal human serum alpha2-macroglobulin revealed by immunoelectrophoresis and specific antibodies obtained in rabbits are presented. The variants are characterized by differences in electrophoretic mobility: one being fast, one slow, and one of an intermediate rate. To find out possible differences with respect to the effect of the trypsin and chymotrypsin on the three variants, they were treated with the enzymes before immunoelectrophoresis. Migration was accelerated in all cases, after complexing with the enzymes, but the differences in the relative positions of the variants were maintained. The trypsin- and chymotrypsin-binding capacities of these three forms seem to differ, as suggested by the results presented in this report. PMID- 50266 TI - Biochemical and cytogenetic studies on the nucleolus organizing regions (NOR) of man. II. A family with the 15/21 translocation. AB - The amount of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was determined quantitatively by RNA-DNA hybridization in the genomes of a mother and her daughter, both with the karyotype 45,XX,t(15q21q). The saturation values found were 0.030% (mother), 0.023% (daughter), and 0.022% for the husband and father of the daughter. A detailed cytogenetic analysis of the short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes of these probands allowed the biochemical results to be interpreted in terms of the size of the individual set of nucleolus organizing regions (NORs) present in each proband. The correlation existing between the biochemical and the cytogenetic findings shows that the amount of rDNA in the human genome is not primarily a function of the number of acrocentric chromosomes, but depends on the individual combination of variant NORs occurring in the human genome. PMID- 50269 TI - Satellite DNA III and alkaline Geimsa staining. AB - Satellite DNA III visualized by staining chromosomes with Giemsa at pH 10-12. Evidence is presented that besides the secondary constriction of chromosome 9, satellite III contained in considerable amount in the long arms of chromosome 20, giving rise to a clearly visible secondary constriction just below the centromere. The latter finding confirms that reported by Bobrow et al. (1972). The long arms of the Y chromosome also show strong staining with alkaline Giemsa, the region of staining corresponding exactly with the intensely flourescing area. This is interpreted as possible evidence for the presence of satellite DNA III in the distal long arms of the human Y chromosome. PMID- 50268 TI - [Cat-eye syndrome. Clinical and cytogenetical differentialdiagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - We report a 5 1/2-year-old girl whose clinical symptoms are consistent with diagnosis of the cat-eye syndrome. The prominent symptoms are: anal stenosis, preauricular tags and pits, coloboma of the iris, doubling of the pelvis and ureter on both sides, vesicourethral reflux on the right side and normal mental development. Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase is normal. Chromosomal analysis shows a supernumerary submetacentric chromosome. This extra chromosome is smaller than the G-group chromosomes and has satellites on the short and long arms. Autoradiography after 3H-thymidine incorporation shows a late-labeling marker chromosome. After using the Giemsa-banding technique, the chromatides demonstrate dark bandings with only soft, unstained satellites. With the fluorescence method, one can see spotlike fluorescence of the satellites on both arms and diffuse fluorescence of the hetero-chromatic segments. In addition, the C-bandings demonstrate a homogeneous dark staining of the chromatids, but we did not find stained satellites. Using the Giemsa-11 technique one can see the 47th chromosome with predominantly heterochromatic parts, but small euchromatic segments are visible between them. Satellites are unstained. Using currently accepted cytogenetical methods, it is not possible to identify the origin of this supernumerary marker chromosome. PMID- 50270 TI - High amniotic fluid alpha-1-fetoprotein in a case of fetal sacrococcygeal teratoma. AB - Amniocentesis was performed in a pregnancy of 26 weeks because of hydramnios. The amniotic fluid was examined for fetal karyotype and AFP content. The latter was elevated to 300 mug/ml. Fetal death occurred shortly after amniocentesis and a malformed male fetus with a large sacrococcygeal teratoma was stillborn 3 days later. PMID- 50271 TI - [Non-random position of homologous chromosomes (no. 9 and YY) in interphase nuclei of human fibroblasts (author's transl)]. AB - The position of chromosomes No. 9 and of the Y chromosomes in interphase nuclei was observed by means of the Giemsa-11 staining and the quinacrine mustard fluorescence staining respectively. 3 fibroblast cultures from normal female persons and 1 culture from a person with the karyotype 47/XYY were used. The distance between the two homologous chromosomes was compared with the theoretical expected distance between two points which are randomly positioned in a circular area. The distance between the chromosomes No. 9 as well as between the two Y chromosomes is significantly smaller than expected with a random position. This tendency for a somatic association is stronger in the case of the two Y chromosomes than in the two chromosomes No. 9. PMID- 50272 TI - Giemsa banding patterns in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - The banding patterns of chromosomes from 20 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (C.L.L.) have been analyzed. 97 of 100 metaphases examined had a normal banding pattern. The 3 remaining metaphases, all from one patient had bands similar to those seen after aging. It is concluded that the chromosomes in C.L.L. have normal banding patterns. The majority of cytogenetic studies in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia have reported normal chromosomes (Fitzgerald and Adams 1965; Oppenheim et al., 1965; Lawler et al., 1968). An inherited abnormality of G group chromosome (No. 22) has been reported in a family, three members of whom developed C.L.L. (Fitzgerald and Hamer, 1969), but further investigations of cases of familial leukaemia failed to reveal a similar abnormality (Fitzgerald et. al., 1966). The development of new techniques which allow the positive identification of individual chromosomes (Caspersson et al., 1969; Dutrillaux and Lejeune, 1971; Sumner et al., 1971; Seabright, 1971), has revolutionised human cutogenetics and revealed additional information regarding chromosome abnormalities and leukaemia (Rowley, 1973; Lobb et al., 1972; Milligan and Garson, 1974). The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the chromosomes in C.L.L. have normal banding patterns. PMID- 50273 TI - Two cases of C-group balanced translocations. AB - The present study describes 2 cases of a balanced reciprocal translocation in the C-group of autosomes. Familial translocation 46,XX,t(6;7) was found both in a woman cytogenetically examined because of a developmental anomaly of the internal genitals (uterus bicornis subseptus) and in her healthy mother. Chromosomal complement 46,XYt(8;10) was proved in the healthy father of a child showing clinical features of Down's syndrome with a karyotype 47,XY,21+. Q- and G-banding techniques were used for precise identification of the chromosomes involved in translocations. PMID- 50274 TI - The G-banded prophase chromosomes of man. AB - Using a simple G-banding technique developed in our laboratory, analysis of late prophases enables the visualization of approximately 1000 bands in the haploid set of human chromosomes. These bands have been classified according to the recommendations of the Paris Conference. The increased resolution offered by this technique is likely to be useful in the study of the structure and molecular organization of chromosomes and in identifying minute chromosome defects in birth defects and neoplasia. PMID- 50275 TI - Frequency and distribution of sister-chromatid exchanges in a case of Fanconi's anemia. AB - In lymphocytes of a 7-year-old boy with Fanconi's anemia the frequencies and sites of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied with the BrdU-Giemsa method. The average frequency of SCE (8.8 per metaphase) and the inter- and intrachromosomal distribution of SCE was not significantly different from the controls. PMID- 50276 TI - Ring chromosome 15:r(15). Identification by R banding. AB - Upon investigating the mental retardment of a small girl who was not dysmorphic, a ring chromosome D was discovered. Thermic moderate denaturation enabled us to confirm it as being an r(15). The r(15) syndrome scarcely affects the phenotype. On the other hand, height is consistently reduced. PMID- 50277 TI - The effect of the ionic strength on G-bands. PMID- 50278 TI - [Analysis of the karyotype of Pan paniscus. Comparison with other Pongidae and man (author's transl)]. AB - The analysis of the karyotype of pygmee Chimpanzee (Pan paniscus), and its comparison with the one of Pan troglodytes shows some differences on chromosomes 2q, 7, 13, and 22. The study of the chromosomal rearrangements differentiating the Chimpanzees and the others Anthropoids and Man allows us to propose a filiation of ancestral species. PMID- 50279 TI - The differential distribution of X-ray induced chromosome lesions in trypsin banded preparations from human subjects. AB - The distribution of X-ray induced aberrations between trypsin-banded regions within human chromosomes has been studied in over a thousand cells from normal and abnormal individuals. An analysis of this data has been performed for each type of aberration separately, taking into account the relative amount of material at risk in reach region. A number of significant deviations from expectation were detected but many of these could be explained in terms of the failure of detection of some aberrations. PMID- 50280 TI - Dynamic aspects of trypsin-giemsa banding. AB - The trypsin-Giemsa banding procedure was adapted so that chromosomes could be observed through the microscope during treatment and staining. Trypsin treatment resulted only in a swelling of the chromatids. Chromosome bands which appear as raised structures with interference contrast optics emerged only after staining with Giemsa. These structures remain after Giemsa destaining, suggesting that an irreversable change in chromosome structure is induced by Giemsa. Observations of the stain flow indicate that the positioning of the chromosomes has an effect on the quality of band production. These studies also revealed that bands appear in a reproducible sequence on individual chromosomes, which suggests that alterations take place at different rates along the length of the chromosomes. PMID- 50281 TI - I. In vitrol transformation of rat embryo cells: correlations with the known tumorigenic activities of chemicals in rodents. AB - Susceptibility to chemically induced transformation changed as a rat embryo cell culture was passaged. For the first 35 to 60 passages, the cultures were diploid and resistant to transformation by chemical carcinogens. However, cultures infected with a murine leukemia virus were transformed by chemicals. For the next 60 passages, the cultures were heteroploid, but retained contact inhibition and were not tumorigenic. Even without addition of heterotypic viruses, these heteroploid cultures could be transformed by chemicals, but the endogenous rat C type virus could be demonstrated in the transformed cultures. At higher passages, the rates of spontaneous transformation gradually increased so that the cultures could not be used for transformation studies. Chemically induced transformation of the stable heteroploid cell line (F1706) was manifested by an easy to read focal alteration. Initial observations based on these foci were confirmed by inoculating the morphologically altered cells into isogeneic newborn rats. A number of carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic chemical analogues were tested for their ability to transform F1706 cultures. The compounds tested included 4 azo dyes, 12 polycyclic hydrocarbons, 12 aromatic amines, and 7 miscellaneous compounds. Based on the known activities of the same chemicals in rodents, certain active compounds failed to induce transformation in any test, and others induced transformation in only some tests, but these in vitro tests, if used as a screening assay, would have been correct in 82% of all individual tests, and over all, would have correctly predicated the carcinogenic activity of 33 of the 35 agents tested. PMID- 50282 TI - Karyological instability of neoplastic somatic cells. PMID- 50283 TI - A study of idiotypic suppression in adult rabbits immunized with Salmonella abortus-equi. AB - It is possible to induce idiotypic suppression in adult rabbits immunized with Salmonella abortus-equi (S.a.e.). Ten months after priming we injected the rabbit with anti-idiotypic serum prepared against its own antibodies to S.a.e. and, 3 weeks later, gave it a booster injection of bacteria. A new anti idiotypic serum was preparedwith the serum to S.a.e. collected after this boost and was used for the following isiotypic suppression attempt made 10 months after the first one. Using this procedurewe succeeded in two successive idiotypic suppression attempts in the same rabbit. Inthe three attempts we carried out, idiotypic suppression was totally effective, i.e. idiotypes detected by the serum used for the suppression totally disappeared after thesuppression, and the suppression lasted during the life of the rabbits (maximum 10 months). This observation is consistent with a suppression resulti-g from an interaction of anti-idiotypic antibodies with the complementary receptors at the surface of memory cells. This suppression was without effect on antibody to S.a.e. titre and on IgG concentration. Idiotypes detected by the anti-idiotypic serum prepared withthe serum to S.a.e. collected after the suppression. These idiotypes were different from those detected by the anti-idiotypic serum used for the suppression. This observation confirms that idiotypic recognition is confined to a limited number of clonal products, despite the fact that a very heterogeneous antibody population was used forthe anti-idiotypic immunization. Thus we did not observe the appearance of new idiotypes produced previously silent cell clones. All the different idiotypes we detected during the successive idiotypic suppression attempts carried determinants shich remained peculiar to each individual rabbit. PMID- 50284 TI - The antigenic interrelations of some mammalian IgG subclasses detected with cross reacting fowl antisera to human and mouse IgG-Fc. AB - Two fowl antisera to plyclonal human IgG and one to a mouse IgG1 myeloma protein, after absorption either with homologous F(ab)2 alone, or also with myeloma proteins of known subclasses, cross-reacted in immunoelectrophoresis or immunodiffision withthe IgG of many mammalian species. Often more than one IgG precipitation line was formed in the corss-reacting systems. By testing isolated IgG1 and IgG2 fractions from mouse, rat, guinea-pig, bovine and dog sera, it was shown that the distinct arcs seen with whole serum corresponded to the known IgG subclasses of these species. With rabbit serum as antigen, the two anti-human-Fc sera diffusing from neighboring wells formed a 'spur', showing that they were reacting with determinants on different molecules, and that therefore rabbit IgG contains two antigenically distinct Fcpopulations. With the possible exception of canine IgG1 and human IgG4, no antigenic homologies were found between the subclasses of different species, thus supportingthe view obtained from sequence data, namely that IgG subclasses within species havearisen independently. PMID- 50285 TI - Immunological properties of procollagens obtained from the culture medium of dermatosparactic cells. AB - Rabbit antisera were produced against purified calf dermatosparatic procollagen and against the purified procollagens obtained from the culture medium of calf dermatosparatic cells. These antisera and their derived gamma-globulins were characterized by immunoprecipitation, double immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Antiserum directed against dermatosparatic procollagen cross-reacted with the two different forms of procollagen obtained from the culture medium of dermatosparatic calf cells. Antiserum directed against onw of these procollagens, namely (pro alpha1)2 pro alpha2, cross reacted with dermatosparatic procollagen and also cross-reacted with the other procollagen,(pro alpha1)3. Antiserum directed against procollagen (pro alpha1)3 cross-reacted with dermatosparatic procollagen and with the procollagen (pro alpha1)2 pro alpha2. None of the antisera reacted with authentic calf skin collagen, or with the collagen extracted from the cell layer of the dermatosparatic calf cells in culture. Reduction andalkylation of the procollagens abolished the antigen-antibody reactions, while prior digestion of the antigens with bacterial collagenase did not eliminate the immunological reaction. Antigenic determinants in the cell culture procollagens were found at the COOH-terminal non-collagen peptide as well as at the NH2-terminal non collagen peptide. PMID- 50286 TI - Antibody response in the parotid fluid and serum of Irus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) after local immunization with Streptococcus mutans. AB - The antibody response of Macaca fascicularis in parotid saliva and serum to local immunization by two routes with Streptococcus mutans was studied and compared over 1 year. Antibodies were titrated and classified by indirect immunofluorescent staining using specific antiglobulin conjugates. Antiglucosyltransferase activity was assayed by an enzyme inhibition test. Animals were immunized first by injecting formalin-killed bacterial cells and cell products subcutaneously into the vicinity of the four major salivary glands. The monkeys were next immunized by retrograde instillation of antigen into the parotid duct. Extensive subcutaneous local immunization gave a serum response only. After parotid duct immunization, high titers of immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody, along with traces of immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody, appeared in the parotid saliva, and in the serum high titers of IgG antibody were present along with lower titers of IgA and IgM. IgA antibodies in parotid fluid were shown by double immunofluorescent staining to be associated with antigenic determinants which cross-reacted with an antiserum directed to human secretory component. Titers in parotid fluids and sera fell sharply when immunization was stopped. This response pattern was reproducible. High concentrations of antibody capable of inhibiting glucosyltransferase prepared from S. mutans were found in the sera, but relatively little was detected in the parotid fluids. Extensive immunization via the parotid duct resulted in transient functional impairment of the gland, as evidenced by diminished salivary flow rates. We conclude that parotid ductal immunization can be an effective method for stimulating a salivary secretory IgA antibacterial antibody response. PMID- 50287 TI - Inhibition by nicotinamide of an homologous PCA reaction and antigen-induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. AB - The antigen-induced release of histamine both in vitro from rat peritoneal cell suspensions containing mast cells actively sensitized with IgE antibody and in vivo from passively sensitized skin can be inhibited by relatively high doses of nicotinamide. The action of nicotinamide on the cellular mechanism involved in the regulation of antigen-induced histamine release is discussed. PMID- 50288 TI - Comparison of lymphocyte populations bearing surface immunoglobulins in avian bone marrow, bursa, spleen and thymus. AB - Rabbit anti-chicken gamma-globulin was labeled with 125I and then incubated with cells from the bursa, thymus, spleen, and bone marrow of 4- and 8-week old birds. The same procedure was carried out on 11-week-old agammaglobulinemic chickens. Autoradiography revealed that the majority of large, medium, and small bursal lymphocytes bind the antibodies while labeled lymphocytes of each type in the spleen and thymus never exceeded 11 or 4 percent, respectively. Labeled medium and small lymphocytes in the bone marrow increased from 4.2 and 1.7%, respectively, at 4 weeks of age, to 9.5 and 8.8%, respectively, at 8 weeks of age. Labeled lymphocytes of all sizes were completely absent in all tissues of agammaglobulinemic chicks, including the marrow. Therefore, the increase in frequency of labeled lymphocytes in the bone marrow with age may be a result of recruitment of cells from the bursa of Fabricius. The majority of lymphocytes in the bone marrow do not label. Therefore, lymphocytes from the bone marrow may be T cells, subsets of B cells, or neither T or B cells. PMID- 50289 TI - Drug inhibition of anaphylactic histamine release from peritoneal cells of rats infected with Toxocara canis. AB - An experimental model for studying anaphylactic histamine release from rat peritoneal cells in vitro is described. Rats were sensitized by feeding the infective eggs of ttoxocara canis, the antigen being prepared from the infective eggs. The characteristics of histamine release are comparable with those found for other anaphylactic systems. Addition of 0.2% inactivated normal rat serum to the incubation media reduced the spontaneous histamine release from 11.5 +/- 1.9% to 3.1 +/- 1.6% (mean +/- SD) of total histamine, whereas the corresponding figure for anaphylactic histamine release was 41.3 +/- 19.7%. Both disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and levamisole produced a dose-related inhibition of histamine release, with DSCG being the more potent drug. PMID- 50290 TI - Soluble tumour-specific antigen and its relationship to tumour growth. AB - Hooded rats bearing a syngeneic methylcholanthrene-induced tumour were evaluated for extent of in vivo host immunity and this was correlated by in vitro techniques with the levels of circulating tumour antigen and specific antibody. Early tumour growth was associated with detectable immunity, as measured by the capacity of the animal to reject a second direct challenge of the same tumour at a remote site. Radioimmunoassay for circulating tumour antigen and indirect membrane immunofluorescence for antitumour antibody did not detect either component at this stage. Animals with advanced tumours lost immunity as detected by direct tumour challenge, and this closely coincided with the appearance of rising levels of circulating soluble tumour antigen. Although the host possessed the immunologic ability to react against its own neoplasm, this ability was insufficient to produce tumour rejection. Active immunotherapy initiated at the time of, or up to 10 days after, intramuscular challenge with tumour, increased tumour immunity sufficiently for tumour growth to be prevented. Successful immunization was associated with the early appearance (16 days) of measurable levels of antitumour antibody and absence of circulating antigen. It is concluded that soluble tumour antigen present in the local microenvironment of the tumour in the early stages of tumour growth interferes with the ability of immune cells to cause tumour rejection. As the tumour progressively grows, sufficient soluble antigen is produced and released systemically to suppress the effector arm of the host's tumour immune response at distant sites. The levels of circulating soluble tumour antigen attained may be of critical importance in the suppression of rejection responses that prevent metastasis. PMID- 50291 TI - Are methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma-associated, rejection-inducing (TSTA) antigens, modified forms of H-2 or linked determinants? AB - TA3Ha/MSWBS hybrid cells have been derived from the fusion of the TA3Ha ascites carcinoma (H-2a) and the methylcholanthrene-induced MSWBS ascites sarcoma (H-2s). MSWBS expresses a strong tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA), capable of inducing a rejection reaction in the syngeneic A.SW host. The genetic determinants of the H-2 complex are known to be localized on chromosome No. 17. TA3Ha contributes two normal, telocentric chromosomes No. 17 to the hybrid. In contrast, both chromosomes No. 17 of MSWBS are localized on readily identifiable translocations (17/1 and 17/M1 ; see Wiener et al., 1974). We have previously shown that the chromosomes No. 17 of one parental strain, or the other (but not both) can be removed from the hybrid by selective passage in the opposite parental strain. The present paper examined the possibility, often suggested in the literature, that the MC-sarcoma-associated TSTA could be a modified form of H 2. MSWBS, unselected TA3Ha/MSWBS and YACIR/MSWBS hybrids were compared with TA3Ha/MSWBS-derived isoantigen loss variants, with regard to their immunogenicity in the TSTA test, i.e. their ability to induce rejection of MSWBS target cells in ASW mice. Whereas the unselected hybrids were as immunogenic as the parental MSWBS line itself, two strain A compatible and two strain A.SW compatible variants which had lost chromosome No. 17 of the opposite strain showed a residual, but clearly weakened immunogenicity. Since there was no systematic difference between the reciprocal types, it is concluded that the genetic determinant of TSTA is not localized on the chromosome No. 17 but that a proper balance of this chromosome is required for the full expression of immunogenicity in the TSTA system. PMID- 50292 TI - Influence of interferon on the synthesis of virus particles in oncornavirus carrier cell lines. III. Survey of effects on A-, B- and C-type oncornaviruses. AB - The effect of interferon on the synthesis and release of A-, B- and C-type viruses by oncornavirus carrier lines was studied. Murine cell lines were selected which carry either of these viruses and are sensitive to the antiviral effect of interferon, as measured by inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus. Release of C-type virus was found to be highly sensitive. Release of B-type virus, on the contrary, was only marginally inhibited. Synthesis of intracisternal A-type particles was finally not inhibited by interferon pretreatment. These differences between infectious C-type and non-infectious A- and B-type viruses may reflect fundamental differences in the synthesis of these viruses. PMID- 50293 TI - A fetuin-like antigen from human nephroblastoma. AB - An antigen was detected in pooled human nephroblastomas using antiserum prepared in rabbits against an ethylemediaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA) extract of the tumors. This antigen was not found in normal human plasma or kidney extracts, and was not related to the ABO or Forssman blood groups. The antigen was detected in extracts of cultured nephroblastoma cells, but was not present in extracts of normal human fetal kidney cell cultures. The antigen is believed to be present at the cell surface, as cell viability was not significantly lowered during the extraction procedure. A reaction of complete identity was demonstrated by Ouchterlony double diffusion experiments with this antigen and purified bovine fetuin. The antigen was not found in extracts of human fetal spleen, thymus or kidney, nor in human fetal serum. Furthermore, the antigen does not possess determinants in common with the human alpha-fetoprotein of hepatomas, nor was it detected in human renal clear cell carcinoma. Initial characterization of the antigen showed it to be nondialysable, not sedimentable at 100,000 times g for 2 h, stable to repeated freeze-thawing and to incubation at 56 degrees C for 1 h, and water soluble over a wide pH range. The antigen was susceptible to digestion with pronase and trypsin and possibly hyaluronidase, but not to ribonuclease or neuraminidase. The protein portion is therefore of major importance to the structural integrity of this antigen. The relationship between this antigen and other abnormal materials reported previously in nephroblastoma patients is being studied. PMID- 50294 TI - Natural cytotoxic reactivity of mouse lymphoid cells against syngeneic acid allogeneic tumors. I. Distribution of reactivity and specificity. AB - Lymphoid cells from many normal mice of a variety of inbred strains were found to have reactivity, in a 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay, against several syngeneic and allogeneic tumors. Very high reactivity was seen with effector cells from athymic nude mice, which was consistent with other evidence that the reactivity was not T-cell dependent. Target cells susceptible to lysis included tumors induced by oncogenic type-C viruses but also tumors induced by other means and expressing endogenous type-C viruses. The levels of natural reactivity were influenced by age, with highest cytotoxicity produced by cells from 5- to 8-week old mice. Lymph-node cells, spleen cells, peritoneal exudate cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes all had cytotoxic reactivity. The specificity of the reactions was analyzed in detail by ana inhibition assay. Evidence was obtained for natural reactivty against several different antigens, each apparently associated with expression of murine endogenous type-C viruses. PMID- 50295 TI - Comparison of intracytoplasmic A particles and intracisternal A particles. AB - Intracytoplasmic A particles and intracisternal A particles are associated with mouse tumors of various types, and both can coexist in the cytoplasm of the same cell. The designation of both as A particles is based on the recognition that they share morphological similarities. A comparison of purified isolates of these two particles reveals that the structural protein profiles are different, but that there is some antigenic cross-reaction as demonstrated by immunodiffusion and complement fixation. This result does not appear to involve the major structural protein of intracisternal A particles, but may reflect the presence of common antigenic determinants located on minor proteins. PMID- 50296 TI - Spleen-cell reactivity against transplanted neurogenic rat tumors induced by ethylnitrosourea: uncovering of tumor specificity after removal of complement receptor-bearing lymphocytes. AB - Spleen cells from BDIX-rats bearing either GVlAl-tumor (a syngeneic mixed glioma) or NVlAc-tumor (a cloned syngeneic neurinoma of the peripheral nervous system) were cytotoxic to both tumor cells in vitro. However, the tumors displayed individually distinct antigenic specificities by in vivo rejection tests. Their in vitro cross-reactivity disappeared when a particular subpopulation of the spleen cells was used. The procedure of lymphocyte purification included three consecutive steps: treatment with carbonyl iron and magnetism, passage through a nylon wool column, and finally removal of complement receptor-bearing cells present in the colum-excluded population. Cross-reactivity between the syngeneic tumors persisted after the first two steps of lymphocyte purification. In contrast, specific cytotoxic reactions were observed against each individual tumor subsequent to the removal of the remaining C3 receptor-positive but surface Ig-negative cells. While killer cells were present in normal spleen-cell populations, these were almost completely eliminated by passage through the nylon wool column. PMID- 50297 TI - Identification of an antigen associated with malignant melanoma. AB - Xeno-antisera, prepared by immunization with soluble membrane material obtained from melanoma tumours and partially purified by column chromatography, were found to detect an antigenic specificity common to some tumour extracts and sera of melanoma patients. The presence of this antigen in patients' sera allows speculation for its possible use for early diagnosis of metastases and its role in the blocking of the immunological defences of the melanoma patients. Preparation of monospecific antisera by immunization with insoluble serum antigen/antibody complexes has been successfully undertaken. PMID- 50298 TI - Penicillin immunogenicity in the presence of different pharmaceutical adjuvants. AB - Preliminary results in the variations of the penicillin immunogenicity in the presence of aminosugars, polysaccharides and terpenic substances are presented and the decreasings of the potential antigenicity of the penicillin molecule appeared in the presence of hexosamine molecules are estimated. It might be possible as a consequence of modifications in the early immunogenic interactions between antibiotic and serum proteins of the hipersensitive animals. PMID- 50299 TI - Neuroichthyosis with hypogonadism (Rud's syndrome). AB - Rud's syndrome is a neuroichthyosis with hypogonadism, associated with mental deficiency and epilepsy. Short stature is a frequent component of the syndrome. The primary genetic defect and the pattern of inheritance have not yet been determined. A typical patient is presented, with mental deficiency, short stature, pypoacusia, muscular atrophy, tylosis, pseudoacanthosis nigricans and endocrine disturbances. The neuroichthyosis with hypogonadism must be considered Rud's syndrome. A classification of neuroichthyosis is proposed. In a first group is neuroichthyosis with hypogonadism, in the second group is neuroichthyosis with spasticity and in the third group, neuroichthyosis without hypogonadism or spasticity. PMID- 50300 TI - Self-instruction in dermatology: slide and sound teaching units. PMID- 50301 TI - The intracellular neutral SH-dependent protease associated with inflammatory reactions. PMID- 50302 TI - [Serological diagnosis of tumors]. PMID- 50303 TI - Localization of acetylcholinesterase in the rabbit cornea by light and electron microscopy. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) has been localized in the rabbit cornea by light and electron microscopy histochemical techniques. In the stroma, the enzyme is concentrated in nerves. In the epithelium, the enzyme is concentrated in intercellular spaces devoid of nerves. The morphologic appearance of the enzyme staining by light and electron microscopy in the epithelium is similar; consequently, the staining demonstrated with light microscopy examination does not always represent epithelial nerves. A significant portion of corneal acetylcholinesterase therefore appears unrelated to nerves. Considerably smaller deposits of enzyme reaction product were present in cells in every layer of the cornea, using electron microscopy histochemistry; they were not identified by light microscopy. PMID- 50304 TI - Storage granules of thyroid C cells in the dog: a cytochemical and ultrastructural study, in relation to the masked metachromasia reaction. AB - Masked metachromasia can be demonstrated in thyroid C cells, and other cells of the APUD series, by staining with a metachromatic basic dye after hydrolysis of suitably fixed tissue. The reaction is thought to be due to the presence of polypeptides with a high concentration of side-chain acidic groups. Since most APUD cells possess storage granules, presumed to contain a polypeptide hormone, it has been assumed that the masked metachromasia reaction gives information concerning the contents of these granules. However, there has been an increasing suspicion that the reaction might actually be due to the membrane bounding these granules, rather than to the contents. We have examined, cytochemically and ultrastructurally, dog thyroid tissue which has been subjected to fixation and hydrolysis as in the usual method for masked metachromasia. We found that the membrane surrounding the C cell granules is removed by hydrolysis, confirming the hypothesis that the reaction is due to the contents (hormone and/or matrix)rather than to the membrane. Tissues were fixed in an aqueous mixture containing glutaraldehyde (6 25% v/v), picric acid (three-quarters saturation) and sodium acetate (I% W/V)adjusted to PH 7 with sodium hydroxide. This was found to be a very satisfactory fixative for electron microscopy Some morphological details of C cells were noted, such as the richness of desmosomes between C cells in this species, and frequent direct contact with the colloid. PMID- 50305 TI - Technical aspects of the Haematoxylin--Basic Fuchsin--picric acid (HBFP) stain applied to skeletal muscle. AB - The Haematoxylin-Basic Fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP) stain, a new non-enzymatic histochemical technique described previously to detect early myocardial ischemia, was applied to skeletal muscle. Several factors were found which have an important effect on HBFP positivity including ageing in room air of unstained tissue sections, and the precise timing of the differentiation step of this stain. Using carefully standardized techniques, repeatable staining was obtained and a high level of interobserver consistency in the interpretation of staining results was achieved. Although the technical requirements of this new stain are rigorous, it offers promise and deserves further evaluation in the study of skeletal as well as cardiac muscle disorders. The histological advantages include vivid contrasts and the ability to use the stain on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded muscle tissue. PMID- 50306 TI - An autoradiographic study of human blood basophils. AB - The aim of this paper is the selective visualization of human blood basophils in autoradiographs. [(3)H]Thymidine-labelled basophils in buffy coat smears were fixed in methanol-formaldehyde follwed by 5-aminoacridine hydrochloride and stained with basic Aldehyde Fuchsin prior to autoradiographic processing. The technique described represents a simple method for quantitative autoradiographic studies on basophil kinetics and the interaction of these cells with IgE-mediated atopias. PMID- 50307 TI - Staining of sulphatides in metachromatic leukodystrophy with Alcian blue at high salt concentrations. AB - Alcian blue combines with purified sulphatide in 1.OM magnesium chloride. In tissue sections from patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, sulphatide is stained by Alcian blue in 0.8 M magnesium chloride, and the staining can be abolished by prior treatment with chloroform and methanol. The simplicity of the technique, its specificity and ease of interpretation recommend Alcian blue staining at high salt concentrations as a routine method in the diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy. PMID- 50308 TI - Background staining and sensitivity of the unlabelled antibody-enzyme (PAP) method. Comparison with the peroxidase labelled antibody sandwich method using formalin fixed paraffin embedded material. AB - The PAP procedure was compared with the peroxidase labelled antibody sandwich method and was found to be at least 20 times more sensitive. Background staining was reduced by the addition of normal swine serum to all the immune sera or by pretreating sections with it at the beginning of either method. The PAP procedure could be effectively reduced to a period of 1 hour or less. PMID- 50309 TI - Ventricular septal defect in a 7-year-old gelding. PMID- 50310 TI - Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferases I and II in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferases I and II in three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied in comparison with those in two strains of R factor carrying Escherichia coli. The strain TI-13 of P. aeruginosa produced the former and strain H-9 the latter. Strain B-13 produced the both enzymes. The 3' phosphotransferases of type I in P. aeruginosa TI-13, B-13 and E. coli K12 J5 R11 2 were different from each other in chromatographic behavior, molecular weight, pH optimum, and Ii. The 3'-phosphotransferase of type II in P. aeruginosa H-9 and E. coli JR66/W677 showed the same behavior. PMID- 50311 TI - Aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyl-transferase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: structural requirements of substrate. PMID- 50312 TI - 5"-Amino-3',4',5"-trideoxybutirosin A, a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside antibiotic. AB - 5"-Amino-3',4',5"-trideoxybutirosin A (IX) was synthesized through a reaction series starting from 5"-amino-5"-deoxybutirosin A (Ic), the key step being the treatment of its tetra-O-acetylpentakis-N-((phenylemthoxy)carbonyl)-3',4'-bis-O (methylsulfonyl) derivative (VI) with zince-sodium iodide. Compound IX inhibits enhanced antibacterial activities, including strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli which are highly resistant to Ic, butirosin or gentamicin. PMID- 50313 TI - Synthesis of aminotrideoxybutirosin A, a chemically modified antibiotic active against butirosin-resistant bacteria. AB - 5"-Amino-3',4'5"-trideoxybutirosin A (4) was synthesized by two routes starting from the known tri-O-acetyl-tetra-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-3",5"-O-cyclohexylidene 3',4'-di-O-mesylbutirosin A (5). Introduction of amino function at C-5" was carried out by displacement of 5"-tosyloxy group with sodium azide either before or after 3',4'-deoxygenation. Compound 4 shows outstanding activities against strains including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli which are highly resistant to butirosin and 5"-amino-5"-deoxybutirosin A (2). PMID- 50314 TI - Characterization of bleomycin action on DNA. AB - Cleavage of SV40 DNA by bleomycin was assayed quantitatively in vitro in the presence of various ppolynucleotides. SV40 DNA was protected from bleomycin- duced cleavage by native or denatured DNA of other origins, oly dG-C.poly dG-C, poly dA-T.poly dA-T and poly dA-T (denatured) but not by tRNA of E. coli, apurinic acid, poly dA, poly dT and various deoxyribooligonucleotides. Various bleomycins and their derivatives and various fragments of bleomycin were tested for possible activity in cleaving SV40 DNA and from the results some structure activity relationships for the action of bleomycin to act on DNA were outlined. Actinomycin D stimulated bleomycin action while ethidium bromide inhibited it. PMID- 50315 TI - Residues in broiler chick tissues from low level feedings of seven chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides. AB - Two chlorinated insecticide feeding studies from 1967-1968, using broiler chicks, have been completed. In Study I, lindane, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, methoxychlor, and DDT were fed in combination at 3 levels: 0.05, 0.15, and 0.45 ppm. Data show that, in fat tissues, heptachlor epoxide attained a level approximately 20 times the respective levels in the feed; dieldrin 15 times; endrin 10 times; p,p'-DDT 9 times; lindane 3 times; and o.p'-DDT less than the feeding levels. Of the DDT metabolites, p.p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD, only p,p'-DDE was significant at 3 times the 0.45 ppm feeding level. Endrin ketone, a metabolite of endrin, reached plateau levels approximately equal to feeding levels. All residue levels in liver tissues were less than 0.02 ppm. In Study II, technical chlordane was fed singly at the 0.05, 0.15, and 0.45 ppm levels. Results are tabulated for both total chlordane and for 6 identifiable isomers. Total chlordane in fat tissues attained plateau levels 3-5 times the respective feeding levels. Total chlordane levels in liver and breast tissues were all less than 0.01 ppm. PMID- 50316 TI - Immunological study of anthranilate synthetase. AB - An immunological study of anthranilate synthetase (ASase) has been initiated using quantitative precipitation, enzyme neutralization, and immunodiffusion methods. Cross-reactivity of anthranilate synthetase-anthranilate-5 phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase (ASase-PRTase) from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium and ASase from Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas putida was detected with antibodies to ?E. coli trypsin-treated ASase. Cross-reactivity of antigens was also obtained with S. marcescens anti-ASase. Indices of dissimilarity verified the overall structural similarity of ASase-PRTase from E. coli, K. aerogenes, and S. typhimurium and the divergence from S. marcescens ASase. Further divergence of these enzymes from ASase in B. subtilis and P. putida was apparent. Precipitation of ASase components I and II (ASase CoI and ASase CoII) was obtained using anti ASase or antiserum fractionated to contain component-specific antibodies. Anti ASase inhibited enzyme activity to binding to determinants on both subunits. Anti ASase CoI inhibited the ammonia-dependent reaction and interfered with amide transfer from glutaminyl-ASase CoII. Anti-ASase CoII inhibited the glutamine reaction by blocking amide transfer. Enzyme neutralization experiments indicate more conservation of determinants at the active site region of ASase CoII compared to ASase CoI in the enterobacteria. A particulate form of ASase-PRTase in E. coli, K. aerogenes, and S. typhimurium could be distinguished by quantitative precipitation and immunodiffusion. PMID- 50317 TI - Effects of reducing and oxidizing agents on the action of bleomycin. AB - The effects of reducing agents, such as 2-mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol, L ascorbic acid, or sodium borohydride, and oxidizing agents, such as hydrogen peroxide or dehydroascorbic acid, on the in vitro action of bleomycin were investigated. After the incubation of DNA with a low concentration of bleomycin and a reducing or oxidizing agent, single strand breaks were mainly caused in the DNA molecules. The degradation of DNA was largely prevented by the removal of oxygen, or by the addition of divalent cations or of S-(2 aminoethyl)isothiuronium bromide hydrobromide, a radical scavenger, to the incubation mixture. Preincubation of bleomycin with these reducing or oxidizing agents reduced the DNA-degrading activity of the antibiotic. However, this reduction in activity was observed even in the absence of oxygen, or in preincubation mixture supplemented with radical scavenger. PMID- 50318 TI - Characterizations of acylagmatine amidohydrolase and carboxypeptidase from Fusarium anguioides. AB - Previously an enzyme, named acylagmatine amidohydrolase, hydrolyzing bleomycin B2 to bleomycinic acid and agmatine was found in the mycelia of Fusarium anguioides Sherbakoff. In this work the enzyme was purified further, but not completely. The crude enzyme preparation hydrolyzed various acylagmatines and also peptidyl arginine, but the latter activity could be separated from acylagmatine amidohydrolase activity by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The enzyme was inhibited by PCMB and its molecular weight was estimated as 65,000 by gel filtration. It showed substrate specificity with respect to the alkyl-chain length of the amine moiety. The other hydrolase fraction with activity toward Bz Gly-Arg was found to be of a sort of carboxypeptidase, which preferentially hydrolyzed peptides with arginine or lysine at the carboxyl terminus, including bradykinin, but liberated neutral amino acids as well from the terminus when the penultimate residue of the substrates was phenylalanine. With Bz-Gly-Arg as substrate Fusarium carboxypeptidase was sensitive to chelating agents but not to diisopropyfluorophosphate, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 145,000. PMID- 50319 TI - Involvement of cytosol proteins in oleate activation of rabbit liver fructose-1,6 diphosphatase. AB - Dialyzed rabbit liver cytosol was specifically freed of endogenous fructose-1,6 diphosphatase by immunoadsorption on a column of Sepharose-immobilized anti fructose-1,6-diphosphatase. This material increased the specific activity of homogeneous enzyme to the maximal rate observed with EDTA and shifted the pH optimum from 8.4 to 7.4. With oleate or other fatty acids as activators, the hydrolysis of fructose-1,6-diphosphatase by enzyme, at neutral pH, showed nonlinear initial rates dropping to lower linear rates. Cytosol activator acted synergistically with oleate both to increase neutral enzyme activity and to maintain the high initial catalytic rates. After sucrose density centrifugation or gel filtration, the cytosol had no effect by itself, but still potentiated oleate activation. The factor was destroyed by treatment with subtilisin or trypsin, but all attempts to identify a unique protein component in cytosol were unsuccessful. The presence of Na dodecyl-SOJ, deoxycholate, or urea did not improve the resolution of the factor, but these compounds did lower the K50 for activation by cytosol. Since fatty acids are the only unique compounds which have been isolated from cytosol which activated fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, it appears that soluble proteins can act as natural carriers for the fatty acids. This was supported by the fact that both dialyzed rabbit alpha-globulins and muscle phosphofructokinase also acted synergistically with oleate in a manner similar to cytosol. Phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine activated fructose-1,6 diphosphatase, and their action was synergistic with oleate. Glutathione (1 mM) activated the enzyme 5-fold at pH 7.3 and its effects were additive with oleate and cytosol or alpha-globulins. PMID- 50320 TI - Transmission of stability (telestability) in deoxyribonucleic acid. Physical and enzymatic studies on the duplex block polymer d(C15A15) - d(T15G15). AB - The properties of the duplex block polymer d(C15A15) - d(T15G15) were examined by thermal denaturation and nuclease susceptibility studies in the absence and presence of drugs (actinomycin and netropsin) which bind specifically to only one end of the block polymer. The nucleotide composition of one region of this synthetic double-helical DNA affected the properties of a contiguous but remote region. Furthermore, the binding of actinomycin influenced the properties of both the binding and nonbinding regions. These findings suggest a mechanism for gene regulation at a distance. PMID- 50321 TI - Sequence relatedness between the subunits of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. AB - One- and two-diminsional tryptic and chymotryptic peptide maps of 125-I-labeled alpha and alphabeta avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase demonstrate that the alpha polypeptide of the one and two subunit enzymes are structurally similar, if not identical. Furthermore, the beta subunit contains the same major 125I-labeled peptides as alpha, plus several additional peptides. These relationships and the fact that aging of purified alphabeta avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase increases the proportion of alpha DNA polymerase that can be isolated from the alphabeta enzyme by phosphocellulose chromatography, suggests that alpha is derived from beta by proteolytic cleavage. PMID- 50322 TI - Further studies on telestability in DNA. The synthesis and characterization of the duplex block polymers d(C20A10) - d(T10G20) and d(C20A15) - d(T15G20). AB - The synthesis and characterization of the duplex block polymers d(C20A10) - d(T10G20) and d(C20A15) - d(T15G20) are described. Thermal denaturation studies on these DNAs in the absence and presence of actinomycin, which binds only to the GC portions of these molecules, have confirmed and extended our previous observation that the properties of one region of a DNA can be influenced (telestabilized) by a remote region. In addition, the large scale synthesis of d(C15A15) - d(T15G15) is described. PMID- 50323 TI - Vitamin K and the biosynthesis of prothrombin. V. Gamma-carboxyglutamic acids, the vitamin K-dependent structures in prothrombin. AB - Tryptic peptides obtained from normal prothrombin have been compared with those obtained from prothrombin synthesized by cattle given the vitamin K antagonist dicumarol. Two peptides were found which contain vitamin K-dependent structures. These peptides contain residues 4 through 10 and residues 12 through 44, respectively. One of these (residues 4 through 10) has previously been shown to contain gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues. Digestion of this peptide with aminopeptidase M and carboxypeptidase B yielded a tetrapeptide (residues 6 through 9). Mass spectra of this peptide showed that it has the structure Leu Glu(CO2)-Glu(CO2)-Val. The structure of the peptide containing residues 12 through 44 was determined by automated degradation in a peptide sequenator. The modified glutamic acid residues were identified by mass spectrometric comparison with the thiohydantoin derivatives of synthetic gamma-carboxyglutamic acid. This approach unequivocally demonstrated that all of the first 10 glutamic acid residues in prothrombin are carboxylated to form gamma-carboxyglutamic acid residues. Evidence is also presented that indicates that these gamma carboxyglutamic acid residues constitute the entire vitamin K-dependent modification of prothrombin. PMID- 50324 TI - Analysis of HCB and BHC isomer residues in food. PMID- 50325 TI - Analysis of insect chemosterilants. AB - Background information concerning the concept of insect chemosterilization and analytical methods for determining trace levels of 19 P- and/or S- containing chemicals of current interest are presented. GC retention times of the compounds on 6 different columns and their p-values in 11 solvent systems are tabulated. The utility of the flame photometric detector for determining subnanogram levels of the sterilants in biological substrates is illustrated. PMID- 50326 TI - Mutual modification of glucose-stimulated serum insulin responses in female rhesus monkeys by ethinyl estradiol and nortestosterone derivatives. AB - Changes in iv glucose tolerance (IVGTT) and serum insulin responses to glucose infusion have been measured in intact female rhesus monkeys treated per os with norethindrone or medroxyprogesterone acetate (500 mug/day) both alone and in combination with mestranol or ethinyl estradiol (10 mug/day) orally for 3 weeks. When administered as the sole contraceptive steroid, neither norethindrone, medroxyprogesterone acetate, mestranol, or ethinyl estradiol produced consistent changes in fasting serum insulin or glucose concentration, mean intravenous serum glucose disappearance rates (K) or mean integrated serum insulin response to glucose (sigmal40). By contrast, concurrent administration of norethindrone with mestranol or ethinyl estradiol resulted in a significant increase in the fasting serum insulin concentration and the mean sigmal40. An increase in the mean K was also observed after norethindrone + mestranol. These results show that synthetic estrogens have the ability to potentiate the metabolic effects of norethindrone. However, the improvement in glucose tolerance produced in rhesus monkeys by concurrent mestranol + norethindrone treatment was marginal because of wide variation in glucose assimilation rates uncer control conditions. Thus, the IVGTT in the rhesus monkey appears to have limited use as a model for studying glucose homeostasis in man. PMID- 50327 TI - Cooperation between human thymus-derived and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes in the antibody response to ragweed antigen E in vitro. AB - Human T lymphocytes from patients with ragweed hay fever, when exposed to ragweed antigen E (AgE) in vitro, produced an activity that, in the presence of antigen, induced B cells from AgE-sensitive donors to synthesize and secrete IgE and IgG antibodies to AgE. Anti-AgE specificity was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. B lymphocytes from ragweed-sensitive individuals exposed in vitro to AgE alone failed to transform or to secrete antibody to AgE. The T cells activity had no effect on B cells of individuals not sensitive to AgE. The results of this study suggest that the human reaginic antibody response requires T and B cell cooperation. The experimental approach used may be a useful model for the investigation of the antibody responses of allergic individuals. PMID- 50328 TI - Radioimmunoassay of human fibrinopeptide B and kinetics of fibrinopeptide cleavage by different enzymes. AB - Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin monomer by cleaving fibrinopeptides A and B (FPA and FPB) from the amino terminal ends of the A (alpha) and B (beta) chains. A radioimmunoassay capable of measuring the A peptide in human blood as an index of thrombin action in vivo has been described previously. This paper describes the development of a radioimmunoassay for FPB and the use of both assays in the demonstration of distinctive patterns of cleavage of the amino terminal ends of the A (alha) and B (beta) chains of fibrinogen by various enzymes. Antisera were raised in rabbits to a synthetic analogue of FPB coupled to bovine serum albumin. FPB analogue was couple to desaminotyrosine and radiolabeled with 125I by the chloramine-T technique. The radiolabeled peptide was bound by the antiserum, and binding was inhibited by synthetic or native FPB. Unbound tracer was separated from bound tracer by charcoal adsorption. The senistivity of the assay was such that 50% inhibition of binding of the tracer was caused by 1.25 ng of the native FPB. Fibrinogen was treated with thrombin, plasmin, trypsin, Reptilase, and an extract of the venom from Ancistrodon contortrix contortrix (ACC). After ethanol precipitation and centrifugation, dialysates of enzymatically altered fibrinogen were assayed for FPA and FPB. The action of thrombin on fibrinogen resulted in a rapid release of FPA and a slower release of FPB. Plasmin cleaved a segment(s) of the B (beta) chain which included FPB but cleaved no detectable FPA-containing material for the first 2 h of incubation. In the case of plasmin-treated fibrinogen, the dialysates had been further treated with thrombin before being assayed for FPA and FPB. Trypsin rapidly cleaved both peptides, the B before the A. Reptilase cleaved only FPA in 24 h. ACC cleaved FPB at a rapid rate, with a slowere cleavage of FPA. The distinctive cleavage patterns produced by the serine proteases may be useful in interpreting the levels of FPA and FPB measured in human blood and in studying the generation of FPA and FPB in clinical blood samples. PMID- 50329 TI - Autoradiographic studies of the projections of the midbrain reticular formation: descending projections of nucleus cuneiformis. AB - The descending projections of nucleus cuneiformis in the cat were traced by autoradiography in the transverse and sagittal planes following stereotaxically placed injections of 3H-leucine. Many descending axons are organized into distinct fiber systems, of which the largest and most well-defined crosses directly in the midbrain and descends through the ventromedial tegmentum of the brain stem. This fiber system first terminates profusely in n. reticularis tegmenti pontis and then proceeds through the rhombencephalic tegmentum emitting transversely oriented branches to n. reticularis pontis caudalis and gigantocellularis, the raphe magnus and the facial nucleus... PMID- 50330 TI - Translaminar growth of axons in the kitten dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus following removal of one eye. AB - The distribution of retinal afferents to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat following the early removal of one eye has been studied using autoradiographic as well as degeneration techniques. The degeneration techniques have confirmed earlier observations that axons from the remaining, normal eye grow across laminar borders into the deafferented lamina A. Autoradiographic techniques, however, have shown further examples of translaminar growth between lamina A nadlamina A1 as well as between lamina A1 and lamina C. Although the possibility exists that such growth also occurs between the other C laminae (C1, C2 and C3) such growth is harder to demonstrate since no well defined interlaminar regions exist in this part of the nucleus. In the monocular segment of the nucleus degeneration techniques have shown some translaminar invasion of the deafferented lamina A. Autoradiographic techniques have demonstrated similar growth as well as an abnormal invasion of the most lateral parts of the monocular segment. This latter growth originates in the optic tract as it curves around the nucleus on the way to the superior colliculus. PMID- 50331 TI - The pulvinar nucleus of Galago senegalensis. AB - The present study was undertaken to analyze the connections of the pulvinar nucleus in a prosimian. The experiments, which rely on the Fink-Heimer ('67) method for staining degenerating axons and their terminals, fall into two parts: first, the tracing of ascending tectal projections to the caudal thalamus and second, the tracing of projections from this thalamic target to the cortex. Large lesions of the superior colliculus resulted in dense degeneration in the caudal half of the inferior subdivision of the pulvinar complex. This pathway could be identified when the lesion was restricted to the superficial layers of the superior colliculus, signifying that it is a visual pathway. In general, the projections of the deep and superficial layers of the superior colliculus were distinct and in this respect Galago resembles Tupaia. The inferior pulvinar nucleus in turn projects to area MT, a conspicuous subdivision of the temporal cortex. The superior division of the pulvinar, in contrast to the inferior division, is not a major target of ascending projections from the superior colliculus and projects to the areas of the occipital and temporal lobe intercalated between areas MT and 17. When these results are compared with similar studies in nonprimates, notably studies of Tupaia, a striking difference in organization emerges. In Tupaia, and in distantly related mammals such as the squirrel, the target of the tecto-pulvinar system includes area 18 adjacent to area 17. This feature is important since the two parallel projection systems seem to be related to each other in terms of the way in which the zero vertical meridian is spatially represented. However, in Galago the subdivision of the pulvinar receiving projections arising from the superior colliculus does not project to area 18. Area 18 is indeed the target of pulvinar projections, but these projections arise from that portion of the pulvinar which is not a recipient of ascending tectal projections. It is not easy to see how this primate organization, if indeed the Galago is representative of primates, evolved from the organization reflected in Tupais. PMID- 50332 TI - A cytoarchitectonic and Golgi study of the red nucleus in the rat. AB - The cytology of rubral neurons was investigated using both paraffin and 1 mu thick Epon sections. The neurons were divided into four size categories which form a continuum with regard to cellular characteristics. Giant neurons (greater than 40 mu) and large neurons (26-40 mu) predominate in the caudal one-third of the nucleus. Large neurons extend up the ventral, medial and lateral borders of the nucleus into its middle one-third. The caudal one-third of the nucleus together with this extension of large cells is designated as the magnocellular part of the nucleus. The more rostral part of the nucleus contains predominantly small (less than 20 mu) and medium size (20-25 mu) neurons, and this constitutes the parvocellular part of the nucleus. The characteristics of each cell type are described. Camera lucida drawings of the rubral neurons were made in three different planes of section, and the extent of the magnocellular and parvocellular portions of the nucleus was determined. Dorsomedial and ventrolateral subgroups of the magnocellular part of the nucleus are found 300 400 mu from the caudal pole. A lateral horn of small and medium size neurons with the addition of a few large neurons extends from the lateral part of the nucleus 500-700 mu from the caudal pole. Golgi preparations of the red nucleus were examined in three planes of section. Giant and large neurons display short spines on the soma and also, along the entire length of the dendrites. Inaddition, more elongate spinous processes are seen on these dendrites and are frequently aggregated into tufts at loci on the dendrites or at their terminations. The dendrites of these neurons radiate in all directions from the soma but remain within the confines of the nucleus. Medium size neurons demonstrate radially arranged dendrites. Sparsely positioned spines are seen along the length of the dendrites but are absent on the soma. A number of such neurons demonstrate tufts of elongate spines on their dendrites. The dendrites of small neurons branch infrequently and remain within the confines of the nucleus. A few dendritic but no somatic spines are seen in association with these neurons. PMID- 50333 TI - Golgi studies in the substantia gelatinosa neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus. AB - This Golgi study identifies three neuronal cell types in the substantia gelatinosa (SG) layer of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. The SG neurons are distinguished from each other based on: (1) dendritic branching pattern, (2) denritic spine distribution, (3) geometric shape of the denritic tree, (4) laminar distribution of the dendrites, (5) axonal branching pattern and (6) laminar distribution of the axonal arbor. The islet cell is found in small clusters and its dendrites and axonal arbor are confined within the SG layer. Its dendrites span the full width of the SG layer and extend up to 500 mum in the long axis of the layer. Dendritic spines are generally sparse with small clusters of spines found on the higher order dendritic branches. The islet cell axon extends for at least 1 mm in the long axis of the layer. Each of its collaterals divide every 50-100 mum with one branch doubling back in the direction of the cell body and the other branch continuing on in the direction of its parent. In this manner each islet cell generates a profuse axonal plexus in the SG layer. The stalked cell is found individually within the SG layer. Its cell body is usually found in the inner half of the SG layer and its sinuous dendrites cross the SG layer and enter the marginal layer. The stalked cell dendrites emit numerous fine stalk-like branches and dentritic spines. Its axon emits branches in the SG and marginal layers. The spiny cell is found singly between groups of islet cells. Its extensive dendritic tree spans up to 500 mum rostrocaudally and mediolaterally crossing into both the marginal and magnocellular layers. Spiny cells have evenly distributed dendritic spines along their dendrites in the SG layer. The spiny cell axon sends branches into all three layers of nucleus caudalis. Numerous branches enter the outer 300 mum of the magnocellular layer where they undergo further branching with some branches returning in recurrent fashion toward the SG layer. The three neuronal cell types of the SG layer satisfy all of the morphological criteria for Golgi type II interneurons. Their highly branched axons generate many collaterals within the confines of their dendritic trees and do not project out of nucleus caudalis. The SG neurons are considered to be inhibitory interneurons interposed between V nerve primary afferent axons which arborize in the SG layer and second order neurons of nucleus caudalis. PMID- 50334 TI - Demonstration of a pallido-nigral projection innervating dopaminergic neurons. AB - Afferents to the substantia nigra from the neostriatum and globus pallidus were studied in the rat by means of the autoradiographic tracing technique. 3H-leucine was injected stereotaxically into either the globus pallidus or neostriatum. Twenty-four hours later the axoplasmic transport of labelled proteins to the substantia nigra was studied by light and electron microscopic autoradiography. In animals used for electron microscopy, degeneration of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra was induced by intraventricular injection of 6 hydroxydopamine 72 hours before sacrifice. After neostriatal injections, light microscopic analysis revealed heavy labelling of the globus pallidus and entopeduncular nucleus, but only background labelling of the subthalamic nucleus. There was preferential labelling of the zone reticulata of the substantia nigra, with significantly less labelling of the zone compacta. After pallidal injections, light microscopic analysis showed very light labelling of those parts of the caudate-putamen in the vicinity of the injection site. There was intense labelling of the subthalamic nucleus and heavy labelling of the entopeduncular nucleus. The zona compacta of the substantia nigra was also heavily labelled. There was considerably less labelling of the zona reticulata. The electron microscopic analyses showed that after neostriatal injections, autoradiographic grains in the substantia nigra were located preferentially over boutons which terminated on normal dendritic processes. After pallidal injections, however, grains were preferentially located over boutons synapsing with degenerating dendritic processes. The degeneration produced in these dopaminergic processes by 6-hydroxydopamine was invariably of the dark type. Except for the different association with degenerating vs. non-degenerating dendrites, the subcellular distribution of autoradiographic grains in the substantia nigra was the same after injection into either the globus pallidue or caudate-putamen. Approximately 80 percent of the grains were over axons or boutons which invariably made symmetrical synaptic contacts. These observations demonstrate the existence of a pallido-nigral projection which terminates preferentially on dopaminergic cells in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. They also confirm previous studies indicating that the strionigral projection terminates mainly in the pars reticulata. These terminations appear to be principally to non-dopaminergic cells. PMID- 50335 TI - Adsorption-desorption of selected pesticides by organic matter and montmorillonite. PMID- 50336 TI - Acute anaphylaxis associated with serum complement depletion. AB - A 45-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis developed anaphylaxis 6 min after receiving a subcutaneous injection of lidocaine, followed by an intra-articular injection of lidocaine mixed with methprednisolone acetate. One hour after the onset of anaphylaxis, serum complement component levels were markedly depressed and remained so far 18 hr. Circulating immune complexes and antibodies to lidocaine could not be demonstrated. Neither lidocaine nor methylprednisolone acetate activated the patient's complement system in vitro. Subsequently, total hemolytic activity (CH50) levels were variable, complement component protein concentrations of C1q, C1s, C4, C2, C3, C5, C6, C9, and Factor B were normal, but hemolytic activity of C4 and C2 was diminished. Serum C1 inhibitor concentrations were normal or slightly depressed. The patient has never had any symptoms suggestive of angiodema. It is postulated that the endogenous complement abnormality present in this patient may have contributed to the anaphylactic reaction. PMID- 50337 TI - Media in teaching college level nutrition. Is it effective and efficient? AB - Several techniques have been used, studied, and tested to teach nutrition at Syracuse University. One self-paced course in nutrition and food science tutors students completely through audio tapes integrated with films, slides, video tapes, discussion groups, laboratory manual, and computer-assisted instruction. Evaluation is by computerized tests given after each module at the student's discretion. Compressed-speech tapes are used to increase learning efficiency. Dietetic, nutrition, nursing, and pre-medical students are taught nutrition via these methods for selected modules, but they mainly learn by lectures supplemented by pertinent films, slides, transparencies, television commercials, telectures, videotapes, and simulations. Multi-media "happenings" are presented which gain students' attention and change attitudes while imparting nutritional information which is well retained. PMID- 50338 TI - Senile degenerative brain lesions and dementia. AB - In a study of senile degenerative lesions-including Alzheimer's neurofibrillary changes, senile plaques and amyloid angiopathy-the hippocampal area of the brain was examined by thioflavine T fluorescence microscopy in 146 consecutive autopsy patients over the age of 49. The incidence and quantity of neurofibrillary changes and senile plaques rose with age, and an approximate positive correlation in quantity was noted among the three kinds of degenerative change. The quantity of neurofibrillary lesions and senile plaques was significantly different between the demented and non-demented patients, but not between the severely and less severly demented patients. The cause of dementia was studied retrospectively, based on the extent of morphologic changes in the brain, thus classifying dementia into three types: degenerative, vascular, and mixed. Clinically, the mixed type resembled the vascular type with regard to major neurologic signs, and there was some similarity to the degenerative type with regard to mental features. PMID- 50339 TI - Studies with Brugia pahangi 10. An attempt to demonstrate the sharing of antigenic determinants between the worm and its hosts. AB - Infective stage Brugia pahangi that were reared in Aedes aegypti survived equally well in cats that had previously been immunized against mosquito tissue and in a normal cat. The survival of third, fourth, juvenile, adult and microfilarial stages of B. pahangi that were recovered from cats was similar in jirds that had been immunized against cat antigens and in normal jirds. Host antigenic determinants were not detected on the surface of larvae in substantial amounts using fluorescent antibody techniques. It is unlikely that B. pahangi evades the immune response of its vertebrate hosts by masquerading as "self" behind host antigens. PMID- 50340 TI - Simultaneous differential staining of nucleic acids, proteins, conjugated proteins and polar lipids by a cationic carbocyanine dye. AB - The multiple interactions of the cationic carbocyanine dye, 1-ethyl-naptho [1,2d]thiazolin-2-ylidene)-2-methylpropenyl]naptho[1,2d]thiazolium bromide, 'Stains-described. Many of these substances could be distinguished from one another on the basis of color in conjunction with chemical and enzymatic digestions. Further studies with this dye have shown that under certain conditions polar lipids as well may be distinguished from these substances. Stains-all has a highly sensitive metachromatic reaction for the presence of polar lipids. It is possible to detect the lipids in large part because they are green and contrast with a red- or pink-stained protein background and with the blue-purple of nuclei or cartilage. Where other green substances occur as in sialoglycoproteins of mucous or membranes, the lipids can be distinguished because they are extracted by chloroform-methanol (2:1) or pyridine. PMID- 50341 TI - Biophysical characterization of the adr subtype of hepatitis B antigen and preparation of anti-r sera in rabbits. AB - The biophysical properties of the adr subtype of HBSAg were determined and found to be identical to those of the adw and ayw phenotypes. These properties were used to purify the 22 nm spherical form of HBSAg/adr from the serum of a chronic antigen carrier by using zonal centrifuge techniques. The purified antigen was injected into 15 rabbits which were bled weekly to follow the development of antibodies to HBSAg by hemagglutination, and to the subtype determinants of HBSAg by counterelectrophoresis and agar gel diffusion (AGD) assays. From these data and two pilot studies to produce anti-w using an adw and an ayw antigen the relative immunogenicities of the various HBSAg determinants could be ranked as a greater than r greater than d greater than y greater than w. A selected pool of the sera from the rabbits immunized with HBSAg/adr was prepared as an interim reference reagent; when diluted 1:4 in saline and tested by AGD, it contains anti a and anti-r without demonstrable anti-d or anti-normal human serum activity. PMID- 50342 TI - Long-lasting in vitro immune response to a distinct antigenic determinant of a bacterial protein. Cyclic changes of antibody titer and affinity. AB - Long-lasting (60 days or more) antibody responses in vitro by rabbit lymph node fragments to a distinct determinant of Escherichia coli beta-D-galactosidase were obtained by supplementing culture medium with fetal calf and horse serum. Antibodies released in the supernatant were removed every 3rd to 5th day together with the spent medium, without pooling to minimize intermixing of molecules synthesized far apart in time. Antibody titer, association constant, and heterogeneity index were measured in medium samples collected throughout the response in order to draw profiles of their changes under conditions whereby a limited number of clones synthesize antibodies in a closed system without connection to antigen depots, central lymphoid organs, and circulating cell and antibody pools. It was found that antibody affinity changes cyclically and that such cycles may be repeated. Cycles are composed of an ascendant limb with a gradual increase in affinity and a parallel diminution of heterogeneity. A descendant limb follows with the opposite modifications. High affinity antibodies predominate at the peak of the cycles, whereas low affinity molecules take over at the end of the cycles until the next ascendant limb begins; these persist after the last cycle has waned. PMID- 50343 TI - Radioimmunoassay of human serum antibody specific for adenovirus type 5-purified fiber. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA), utilizing a second antibody to separate immune complexes, was developed to provide a sensitive and specific measure of serum antibody to adenovirus type 5 (Ad 5) fiber. Purity of fiber antigen was ascertained by sodium dodecyl sulfate urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing in ampholyte pH gradients. After labeling with 125I to high specific activity, the iodinated fiber did not exhibit loss of antigenic reactivity and remained stable for 3 weeks when stored at minus 20 degrees C with supplemental protein. Rabbit anti-Ad 5 serum with a neutralization titer of 1:320 precipitated 50% of the labeled fiber at a serum dilution of 1:50,000 when tested by the RIA. In competition assays as little as 0.5 ng of unlabeled fiber per millimeter was sufficient to inhibit the 125I fiber-antibody reaction. Serum specimens from 20 volunteers, obtained before and after vaccination with purified Ad 5 fiber or hexon subunit vaccine, were tested by RIA, hemagglutination inhibition (HI), and neutralization tests. A comparison of mean antibody titers of post-inoculation sera showed that the RIA was 300 and 1000 times more sensitive than the HI and neutralization tests, respectively. Moreover, 19 of the men who were negative by the standard serologic tests before vaccination were shown to have anti-fiber antibody, with a mean RIA titer of 1:1028. Specificity of the RIA was demonstrated by the lack of an increase in antibody to Ad 5 fiber among those individuals vaccinated with the hexon subunit. Thus, the development of a highly sensitive and reproducible RIA allows for the detection of antibody specific for the Ad 5 fiber in serum which contains antibodies to the different virion antigenic determinants associated with Ad 5. PMID- 50344 TI - In vitro studies on information transfer in cells from allotype-suppressed rabbits. AB - Data are presented which show that cells from allotypically suppressed rabbits resist in vitro "rescue" attempts in which informational ribonucleic acid (i-RNA) coding for the suppressed allotypic marker is used. It is shown that peritoneal exudate cells from such thoroughly suppressed animals contain cells that yield i RNA coding for the suppressed marker, and that central lymphatic tissue possesses cells that produce Ig of the suppressed type. PMID- 50345 TI - Demonstration of a tumor-associated surface antigen in Marek's disease. AB - Surface antigenic markers were detected on three classes of Marek's disease (MD) tumor cells, i.e., MD lymphoma cells, cultured cells of the MSB-1 lymphoblastoid cell line, and JMV lymphoblastic leukemia cells, by indirect membrane immunofluorescent staining with serum from chickens immunized with JMV cells or from rabbits immunized with MSB-1 cells. This surface antigen was not detected on normal chicken lymphocytes, RPL-16 tumor cells (tranedormed by an avian RNA virus, or MD virus-infected fibroblasts that were positive for viral membrane antigen (MA). Furthermore, the surface antigen appeared unrelated to embryonic or histocompatibility antigens. This antigen is provisionally designated as a Marek's disease tumor-associated surface antigen (MATSA). The MATSA's on JMV, MSB 1 and MD lymphoma cells were related but not identical as demonstrated by antiserum titration, absorption and blocking tests with homologous and heterologous systems. PMID- 50346 TI - Blocking of spleen cell activity against target mammary tumor cells by viral antigens. AB - Spleen cells from BALB/c females exposed to or neonatally infected with mammary tumor virus (MTV) are cytotoxic to MTV-induced mammary tumor cells in microcytotoxocity assay. This activity can be partially or completely blocked by pretreatment of spleen cells with MTV purified from milk. Murine leukemia virus (MuLV) has no effect. T cell responses of virgin and multiparous BALB/cfC3H females are effectively blocked. Non-T cell responses of multiparous BALB/cfC3H females or of virgin BALB/c females are blocked by some but not all of the MTV antigen preparations. MuLV, but not MTV, can block activity of spleen cells from MuLV-sensitized donors against target MuLV-producing tumor cells. PMID- 50347 TI - Thymus-repopulating capacity of cells that can be induced to differentiate to T cells in vitro. AB - It was established previously that committed precursors of T cells, which reside in bone marrow and spleen and lack T cell surface differentiation antigens, can be induced by thymopoietin and certain other agents to differentiate rapidly in vitro into T cells bearing typical surface antigens, including Thy-1 and TL (Komuro-Boyse assay). To relate this differentiative step observed in vitro to physiologic events in vivo, a system was devised to trace the migration of precursor cells to the thymus, and their maturation to T cells. Lethally irradiated mice of a TL- strain received spleen cells from TL+ hybrids i.v., and the TL+ population of the thymus was enumerated 13 to 20 days later. Donor TL+ cells first became detectable at 13 days and increased thereafter. Preliminary tests showed that cells capable of migrating to the thymus have a similar density to the cells that are inducible in the Komuro-Boyse assay, this being lower than that of mature of T cells. The thymus-repopulating properties of the donor spleen population were not affected by: 1) pre-treatment in vitro with thymus extract or thymopoietin, which initiates differentiation of T cells precursors, nor b) pre treatment with anti Thy-1 serum plus complement, which eliminates differentiated T cells. But pre-treatment a) and b) applied in sequence markedly reduced the capacity of spleen cells to repopulate the thymus. These results can be interpreted as follows: induction of Thy-1-TL- precursor cells (pro-thymocyte) in vitro yields Thy-1+TL+ cells (early thymocytes) which have not yet lost their property of repopulating the thymus; therefore, thymus-repopulation was not depleted by treatment a) alone, which induced Thy-1 +TL+ cells, nor by treatment b) alone, which did not affect thymus-repopulation by Thy-1-TL- cells, although treatments a) plus b) did eliminate the newly induced Thy-1+TL+ cells and thus impaired repopulation of the thymus. We conclude that the cell which responds to thymopoietin in the Komuro-Boyse assay by expressing the T cell surface phenotype is the same cell (pro-thymocyte) that normally migrates in vivo from hemopoietic tissues to the thymus and is there induced by thymopoietin to express the phenotype of an early T cell. PMID- 50348 TI - Antigenicity of carcinogen and viral induced sarcomas in inbred and random bred guinea pigs. AB - A tumor specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) has been detected in a methylcholanthrene (MCA) induced guinea pig tumor. It was possible to induce resistance to rechallenge with the tumor by immunization with irradiated cells in CFA. In contrast, the same technique failed to detect TSTA in two viral (Kirsten strain mouse sarcoma virus, Ki-MSV) induced guinea pig tumors; these results are similar to observations made with mouse Ki-MSV-induced tumors. Transplantation studies with these tumors in both inbred and random-bred guinea pigs showed a complexity of growth and rejection patterns. The B alloantigen, a major serologically defined antigen of the guinea pig histocompatibility complex, seemed to play a central role in acting as a guniea pig transplantation antigen. In all cases studied, the absence of B antigens in the recipient led to tumor rejection and anti-B antibody protection. PMID- 50349 TI - Identification of the cell population involved in viral-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity in man: evidence for T cell specificity. AB - The nature of the cell population involved in lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity to baby-hamster-kidney (BHK-21) target cells persistently infected with rubella virus was investigated by a 51Cr-release microassay. After depletion of the T cell population with an antiserum to human0thymus-lymphoid tissue antigen (HTLA), the purified B cell population showed a decrease in E-rosette formation (9.0 +/- 2.2% compared to 69.6 +/- 9.1% before treatment) and an insignificant degree of cytotoxic activity against rubella-infected target cells (specific immune release of 51Cr was 0.9 +/- 2.6% compared to 24.2 +/- 3.8 before treatment). A purified T cell population, prepared by depletion of B cells with an anti-human immunoglobulin serum and complement, was found to show no alteration in E-rosette formation (85.2 +/- 6.2%) or cytotoxicity (30.3 +/- 4.4% SIR) but showed decreased EA- and EAC-rosette formation (2.7 +/- 1.5% and 10.5 +/- 3.2%, respectively, compared to 19.4 +/- 2.9% and 28.0 +/- 4.1% before treatment). A monocyte-depleted population prepared by removal of the plastic adherent mononuclear cells showed no significant alteration of rosette formation or cytotoxicity. These experiments suggest that the predominant lymphoid population responsible for direct cell-mediated cytotoxicity to virus infected target cells in the 51Cr-release microassay appears to be effected by a thymus-dependent lymphocyte population. PMID- 50350 TI - Early steps in specific tumor cell lysis by sensitized mouse T lymphocytes. I. Resolution and characterization. AB - Addition of high molecular weight dextran to culture medium prevents the initiation of T lymphocyte-mediated killing by holding the cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and target cells in suspension and preventing intercellular contact. Suspension in 10% dextran was used to interrupt the ongoing formation of adhesions between CTL and target cells already in contact in a centrifuged pellet. The results demonstrate that 1) firm adhesions form between CTL and target cells within 1 min at 37 degrees C; 2) once formed, these adhesions are stable at low temperature and are resistant to mechanical shearing forces; 3) these adhesions can be disrupted by EDTA; 4) immediately after the adhesions form, separation of the CTL from the target cells prevents lysis of the latter; 5) after incubation of targets adhering to CTL for an additional 6 min at 37 degrees C, removal of the CTL no longer prevents target cell lysis. Thus, target cells become "programmed" for subsequent lysis within a few minutes after contact with CTL, after which lysis occurs during the next several hours without further participation of the effector cell. At 15 degrees C, adhesions form 1/17 as fast as at 37 degrees C. Programming of target cells for lysis occurs 1/76 as fast at 15 degrees C as at 37 degrees C. Thus, the programming for lysis step is about 4 fold more temperature dependent than the adhesion step. In addition to being detected by subsequent target cell lysis in 10% dextran, the adhering cell clusters can be counted with low power microscopy. This permitted verification that EDTA separates the clusters after programming for lysis is complete. Moreover, the great majority of the clusters seen at 37 degrees C are antigen specific. Knowledge of the cluster size distribution and the subsequent level of lysis permits the deduction that not less than 6% of the sensitized peritoneal cell populations used were CTL. PMID- 50351 TI - Induction of T lymphocyte responses to a small molecular weight antigen. I. Failure to induce tolerance in azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-specific T cells in guinea pigs with an ABA conjugate of A copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D-GL). AB - 2,4-Dinitrophenyl (DNP) coupled to the copolymer D-glutamic acid and D-lysine (D GL) induces B cell tolerance but not T cell tolerance. This implies either a lack of DNP determinant recognition by T cells or a substantial difference in tolerance mechanisms for the two cell types. In the present study D-GL was conjugated with the well-defined determinant azobenzenearsonate (ABA) coupled to single amino acids shown here and previously by others to trigger effectively T lymphocytes. The experiments presented here demonstrate that these ABA conjugates of D-GL, although capable of diminishing anti-ABA antibody production, completely fail to render ABA-specific T lymphocytes tolerant thus drawing us to conclude that there are significant operational differences in the mechanisms of tolerance induction in T and B lymphocytes, respectively. PMID- 50352 TI - Concanavalin A-induced histamine release from normal rat mast cells. AB - Concanavalin A- (con A) induced release of histamine from normal rat mast cells was studied. In the presence of phosphatidylserine (PS) con A induced a concentration and temperature-dependent, noncytotoxic histamine release at con A concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 mug/ml. The optimal con A concentration, 100 mug/ml, caused a 27.3% (+/- 2.7 S.E.M.) net histamine release. Release began approximately 30 sec after addition of con A and was complete within 45 min. In the absence of PS, no net con A-induced release occurred. The effect of PS was concentration dependent from 1 to 100 mgg/ml. PS alone, however, did not cause histamine release. Binding studies indicated that mast cells bound up to 16 X 10(6) con A molecules per cell without histamine release. Upon removal of unbound con A and the addition of PS, normal histamine release occurred. Alpha-Methyl-D mannose (50 mM) prevented both con A binding and histamine release and if added after Con A, caused a rapid cessation of histamine release and a reversal of con A binding. This study indicates several important advantages of the con A-induced histamine release system. Binding of con A to mast cells can be dissociated from histamine release by omitting PS from the medium. Release can then be induced by the addition of PS. Alpha-Methyl-D-mannose can be used to terminate rapidly the ongoing release reaction at any phase of the interaction. This system is potentially very useful for investigation of metabolic events during histamine release. PMID- 50353 TI - Immunochemical characterization of the anti-RNA antibodies found in scleroderma and systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Differences in reactivity with Poly (U) and Poly-(A) Poly (U). AB - In a previous study, all 40 sera from patients with scleroderma, 20 of 40 sera from SLE patients, but none of 40 sera from normal controls, were found to have antibodies to ssRNA. All scleroderma sera were also found to react with HSA coupled uridine and UMP and their reaction with HSA-coupled uridine and UMP and their reaction with ssRNA could be inhibited by uracil, uridine, and UMP. To characterize further these uracil-specific anti-RNA antibodies found in scleroderma and compare them with the anti-RNA antibodies found in SLE, we tested their reactivity with Poly (U) and with Poly (A)-Poly (U) and all but one failed to react with Poly (A)-Poly (U). This same serum was the only one in which the reaction with Poly (U) could not be inhibited with uracil. Reactivity of SLE sera was strikingly different from that found in scleroderma sera. Seventeen of 34 SLE sera studied reacted with ssRNA but only four of these reacted with Poly (U). Conversely, two SLE sera that reacted with Poly (U) did not react with ssRNA. Fifteen reacted with Poly (A)-Poly (U) and only two of these failed to react with ssRNA. Five SLE sera which were reactive with ssRNA did not precipitate with Poly (A)-Poly (U). All SLE sera which reacted with Poly (U) could be inhibited with uracil, although less effectively than in scleroderma. Reactivity with Poly (A) Poly )U) was not inhibited with uracil nor with adenosine. These findings confirm that antibodies to RNA that are found in scleroderma are directed to uracil and thus specific to ssRNA, whereas RNA antibodies found in SLE sera are heterogeneous and directed to either the base, to the site of union of the base and sugar moiety to the ribose backbone, or to the helical structure of double stranded RNA. These differences and the respective antigenic specificities of these anti-RNA antibodies found in scleroderma and SLE may be theoretically important. PMID- 50355 TI - Regulation of MIF by a factor in human serum. PMID- 50354 TI - Normal tissue alloantigens and genetic control of susceptibility to tumors: microcytotoxicity studies on resistant C3Hf and susceptible (A X C3Hf) F1 mice inoculated with transplacentally induced C3Hf lung tumor. AB - The immune response of mice to a transplacentally induced lung tumor was investigated with the microcytotoxicity (MC) assay. The tumor, originally induced in C3Hf mice, does not grow readily when transplanted to normal syngeneic C3Hf recipients. It grows readily, however, in (A C3Hf)F1 hybrids and in strain C3H mice, which express in their normal lung tissue a component which constitutes a strong lung tumor-associated transplantation antigen (TATA) in C3Hf mice. Both lung tumor-immunized C3Hf and tumor-bearing (A X C3Hf)F1 and C3H mice possessed lymphoid cells reactive against cultured lung tumor cells in the MC assay. Reactivity was also observed against cells cultured from normal lungs of (A X C3Hf)F1 and C3H mice, but not against cells similarly cultured from C3Hf of C57BL/6 mice. Anti-tumor MC was inhibited by serum-blocking factors present in some but not all tumor-bearing and tumor-immunized mice. The MC assay and detection by it of serum-blocking factors does not distinguish the effective anti C3Hf lung tumor immune response of immunized C3Hf mice from the ineffective immune response of tumor-bearing (A X C3Hf)F1 and C3H mice. Furthermore, in lung tumor-bearing mice cells reactive in the MC assay may be directed against a normal tissue antigen rather than a tumor-associated antigen. PMID- 50356 TI - An antigenic determinant unique to the hinge of gamma3 heavy chains. PMID- 50357 TI - Leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF): production by purified human T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 50358 TI - The immune response to a synthetic amino acid terpolymer in man: relationship to HL-A type. AB - The immune response to the synthetic amino acid terpolymer (L-glutamic acid-55 L lysine-33 L-tyrosine15)n (GLT) was studied in normal human volunteers. Delayed skin test reactivity to this antigen was seen in 34 of 61 subjects immunized with 150 mug of GLT. No antibody to GLT was detected in these responding individuals. There was a close correlation between the in vivo skin reactivity of volunteers to GLT and the ability of their lymphocytes to produce migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in response to GLT in vitro. However, a similar correlation was not seen when the in vitro proliferative response of lymphocytes to GLT, as measured by [methyl-3H] thymidine ([3H] T dR) incorporation, was assayed. HL-A typing of volunteers was studied to determine if responsiveness to GLT was correlated to HL A type. No statistical association was seen after correction was made for the number of individual HL-A antigens. PMID- 50359 TI - Immunologic activity of myelin basic protein in strain 2 and strain 13 guinea pigs. AB - The resistance of Strain 2 guinea pigs to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by inoculation with whole CNS tissue in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) has been confirmed. The resistance is even more pronounced when myelin basic protein (BP) is used in attempts to induce EAE. Strain 2 guinea pigs are also resistant to an immunization schedule (multiple injections with BP in IFA followed by a single injection of BP in CFA) known to induce significant levels of antibody in susceptible strains. The poor response of Strain 2 guinea pigs to BP is not the result of lack of specific B cells--antibody equivalent to that produced by Strain 13 animals is obtained when the inoculum contains 0.5 mg BP and 2.5 mycobacteria. PMID- 50360 TI - Receptors for antigen on lymphoid cells. II. The nature of the molecule responsible for plaque-forming cell adherence. AB - The nature of specific adherence of rat anti-TNP PFC to TNP-GRBC has been investigated with PLL-fixed antigen monolayers as cellular immunoadsorbents and as plaque indicators. The immunoglobulin nature of the molecule responsible for PFC adherence is suggested by the fact that pretreatment of the PFC with rabbit anti-rat Ig antisera, but not anti-histocompatibility antisera, inhibits adherence. Removal of the adherence capacity of early PFC with the proteolytic enzymes papain and pronase, or by "capping" with anti-Ig is followed by slow regeneration of the ability to adhere, suggesting that adherence is due to membrane rather than secreted immunoglobulin, the latter being detectable within minutes after enzyme treatment. Several time-related events relating to PFC adherence were observed. 1) Both direct and indirect PFC are capable of specific adherence; the ability to adhere, however, tends to decline with time, especially after secondary immunization. 2) Although early PFC adherence is unaffected by trypsin treatment, later populations become increasingly sensitive. 3) Pretreatment of PFC at various times after primary immunization with antisera specific for rat mu-chain indicates that IgM and possibly early IgG-secreting PFC have mu heavy chains on their surface. These data suggest that the PFC membrane is progressively changing during the maturation of the antibody response. PMID- 50361 TI - Macrophage-lymphocyte interaction: antigen-independent binding of guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes by macrophages. AB - The antigen independent binding of guinea pig lymph node lymphocytes by glass adherent macrophages was investigated. Binding was found to be mediated by a trypsin digestible, divalent cation-dependent, temperature-sensitive macrophage receptor mechanism that was not competitively inhibited by excess immunoglobulin. Data are presented to indicate that in the absence of antigen, macrophages were capable of binding both thymus-derived and bone marrow-derived lymphocytes without apparent selectivity, and further, that the binding of neither cell was mediated by surface membrane-associated immunoglobulin. PMID- 50362 TI - Induction of mouse homocytotropic antibodies to Timothy pollen antigens. AB - The IgG1 and IgE homocytotropic antibody responses of LAF and C3H mice to timothy pollen antigens are defined. Both mouse strains responded to low doses of crude timothy pollen extract (WST) or a major antigen of timothy pollen coupled to a purified fraction of Ascaris suum (Antigen B-Ascaris). Titers in LAF mice were greater than those in C3H mice. Regardless of the immunogen, antigen B was the major determinant recognized by the homocytotropic antibodies; PCA titers with WST or antigen B for challenge were equivalent and PCA activity could be inhibited by antigen D, a dialyzable fraction of timothy pollen possessing the antigen B determinant in monovalent form. The possible usefulness of antigen D for in vivo and in vitro studies of specific immune suppression of cellular activity is discussed. PMID- 50363 TI - Regulation of lymphocyte trapping: the negative trap. AB - Suppression of 51Cr-labeled lymphocyte homing to the spleen occurs after administration of insoluble protein antigen and as a late sequela to the graft-vs host response (GVHr). This decrease in splenic localization of labeled cells, termed "negative trapping," has elements of immunologic specificity in that tolerance induction or presensitization abrogates the negative trap. Increasing the dose of antigen accelerates the appearance of the negative trap, which is, however, evanescent, lasting from 24 to 48 hr. Synergistic and antergistic regulation of the GVHr-induced lymphocyte trap is produced by populations of 850 R-irradiated thymocytes and by F1 cortisone-resistant thymocytes. The time at which these subpopulations cause suppression or amplification of the lymphocyte trap correlates with the activity of the GVHr-producing inoculum. These findings suggest that regulation of lymphocyte traffic may provide a mechanism for control of immune responses in vivo. PMID- 50364 TI - Lysis of tumor cells by antibody and complement. III. Lack of correlation between antigen movement and cell lysis. AB - The increase in susceptibility to killing by rabbit antibody and guinea pig complement of guinea pig hepatoma cells (line-10), after treatment with certain metabolic inhibitors, did not correlate with the mobility of antigen on the cell surface as measured by indirect immunofluorescence. PMID- 50365 TI - A surface membrane determinant shared by subpopulations of thymocytes and B lymphocytes. AB - Utilizing a quantitative fluorescence assay with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), we have demonstrated that a rabbit antiserum obtained by immunization with cells of a mouse IgM-producing plasma cell tumor (MOPC104E) is reactive with at least two surface determinants, designated Th-B and ML2, on subpopulations of normal murine lymphocytes. The ML2 determinant is restricted to B lymphocytes. The Th-B determinant is shared by splenic B lymphocytes and a large subpopulation of thymocytes, the latter of which express a 3-fold higher density of Th-B on their surface than do the B lymphocytes. Neither Th-B nor ML2 were found on peripheral T cells or on brain, liver, or kidney cells. The available evidence suggesting that Th-B may be a stem cell determinant that is lost upon maturation is discussed. PMID- 50366 TI - Intravascular effects of IgE antibody upon basophils,, neutrophils, platelets and blood coagulation in the rabbit. AB - Rabbits synthesizing only IgE antibody to BSA were challenged intravenously with 50 mg BSA and the associated blood cell and coagulation alterations were examined. Basophils decreased by 90% within 1 min of challenge. This was followed by a 70% decrease in neutrophils and a 50% decrease in platelets by 15 min. These changes were found to be highly significant when compared to control unimmunized rabbits similarly challenged. By 60 min, the neutrophils and platelets in the experimental rabbits had returned to 50 and 80% of their prechallenge levels respectively, but no basophils were demonstrable by toluidine blue staining. Lymphocyte counts in the experimental rabbits did not differ from controls at 0, 1, 15, or 60 min after challenge. Blood coagulation alterations also occurred after BSA challenge in the rabbits synthesizing IgE. A significant shortening of the whole blood clotting time in plastic tubes at 25 degrees C occurred in blood samples taken at 30 sec after antigen challenge. Similarly, in vitro addition of BSA to blood samples taken prior to challenge significantly shortened the whole blood clotting time. In addition, significant prolongation of whole blood clotting times was observed in blood obtained 60 min after challenge, but only among the rabbits positive for systemic anaphylaxis. This in vivo study corroborated the known in vitro effects of IgE upon the rabbit blood basophil and platelet. In addition, the results indicate that the intravascular interaction of antigen with specific IgE antibody induced neutrophil and blood coagulation alterations. PMID- 50367 TI - IgE-induced blood coagulation alterations in the rabbit: consumption of coagulation factors XII, XI, and IX in vivo. AB - Intravenous administration of BSA into 3-month-old rabbits producing detectable anti-BSA antibody only of the IgE class of immunoglobulin induced a variety of intravascular blood coagulation alterations observed in the plasma 15 min after antigen challenge included: a) the intravascular consumption of intrinsic blood coagulation factors XII, XI, and IX and possibly the reduction in clottable fibrinogen; b) a significant prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time but not the prothrombin time; and c) the production of an inhibitor affecting the last stage of blood coagulation. The observed blood coagulation alterations were not caused by the manipulative procedures utilized, the presence of anti-BSA, IgG or IgM antibody, histamine-induced alterations in the vascular endothelium or the development of hypotensive shock. It is proposed that specific IgE antibody can induce directly or indirectly the activation of intrinsic blood coagulation in vivo. PMID- 50368 TI - Immunochemical analysis of a Smith-like antigen isolated from two human strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A surface antigen consisting of aminoglucuronic acid and N-acetyl-L-alanine was isolated from the culture filtrates of two human strains of Staphylococcus aureus. Double diffusion analysis in agar suggested that the antigen is immunologically similar to the alanyl-aminoglucuronic acid capsule of the Smith strain of S. aureus. Quantitative precipitin inhibition studies indicated that N acetyl-L-alanine is the immunodominant determinant of the acidic antigen. In addition, conjugates consisting of N-acetyl-L-alanine coupled to bovine serum albumin gave a significant precipitin reaction with anti-staphylococcal serum which is rich in alanyl-aminoglucuronic acid polymer antibodies. Antibodies with N-acetyl-L-alanine specificity were isolated from N-acetyl-L-alanine-Sepharose immunoabsorbent columns. Double diffusion analysis in agar indicated that the eluted antibodies were serologically reactive and belonged to the IgG class of immunoglobulins. PMID- 50369 TI - Cytoplasmic immunofluorescence of bone marrow plasma cells producing immunoglobulins of the four IgG subclasses. AB - Immunofluorescence studies were performed on bone marrow samples from 21 individuals with normal or slightly elevated serum IgG levels. On the average, 40.7 percent of the IgG-positive plasma cells contained molecules of the subclass IgG; 30.6 percent had intracellular IgG2; 21.7 percent, IgG3, and 7.0 percent, IgG4. These figures were compared to the relative serum IgG subclass concentrations. The principal finding was the discrepancy between the high relative number of IgG-3 producing bone marrow plasma cells and the low relative IgG3-producing bone marrow plasma cells and the low relative IgG3 serum concentration (5.5 percent of the total IgG). It was explained by the short biologic half-life of molecules of this subclass. PMID- 50370 TI - Suppressor cell control of unresponsiveness to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Lymph node cells (LNC) from Lewis rats rendered unresponsive to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) by pretreatment with myelin basic protein markedly suppressed clinical (but not histologic) EAE in normal recipients later challenged with an encephalitogenic emulsion. Unresponsiveness was immunologically specific, and required viable LNC; serum transfer was ineffective. These findings suggest that suppressor cells exert control over this autoimmune disease. PMID- 50371 TI - Class, amounts and affinities of anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies in chickens. I. Production of 7S and 17S antibodies of equal affinity by intravenous injection of antigen. AB - Repeated intravenous injections of maximally coupled dinitrophenylated bovine gamma-globulin elicited both 7S and 17S anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies in chickens. Only antibodies of low affinity were produced regardless of the priming dose, the interval between injections, and the number of injections. The 7S and 17S antibodies isolated from invididual animals had identical affinities and heterogeneity indices. The concentrations of antibodies formed were uniformly low despite many injections over a prolonged period. These studies indicate that stimulation by antigen alone may not be sufficient for the induction of predominant 7S antibody formation and for the synthesis of high affinity antibody. PMID- 50372 TI - Class, amounts, and affinities of anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies in chickens. II. Production of a restricted population of high affinity 7S antibodies by injection of antigen emulsified in adjuvant. AB - The response of chickens given a single intramuscular injection of maximally coupled dinitrophenylated-gamma-bovine beta-globulin in either Freund's complete (FCA) or incomplete (FIA) adjuvants was characterized by an initial synthesis of 7S and 17S antibodies followed by the exclusive and persistent production of 7S antibodies. The 17S antibodies were not detected either 3 to 4 weeks after a single injection or after an intravenous boost 16 months later. Injections of low doses of antigen in FCA induced the synthesis of 7S antibodies of high affinity at least by 4 months. Analyses of the Sips plots generated from equilibrium dialysis data indicated that a shift in the distribution of 7S antibody affinities occurred because of the production of a restricted population of high affinity antibodies. The changes in the binding properties of antibody during the immune response from chickens given antigen in FIA were less apparent, although qualitatively similar, to those found in birds given antigen in FCA. Three possibilities were presented to explain the effect of adjuvant on the class and affinity of the antibody: a) the requirement of a second signal for B cell differentiation, b) the presence of subpopulation of B cells, and c) somatic mutation events. PMID- 50373 TI - Macrophages activated as suspension cultures with lymphocyte mediators devoid of antigen become cytotoxic for tumor cells. AB - Normal peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) were activated as suspension cultures either in mediator-rich supernatants from o-chlorobenzoyl-bovine gamma-globulin (OCB-BGG) stimulated lymphocytes or in antigen-free Sephadex fractions from these supernants. After 24 hr incubation thration. The adherent cell fractions of PEC, recovered by trypsinization from monolayers and activated by this technique, were as cytotoxic as unfractionated PEC. Lymphocyte supernatants and antigen-free fractions of the supernatants induced comparable macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. Treatment of activated macrophages with trypsin did not alter their cytotoxic capacity. PMID- 50374 TI - Further studies on the biologic properties of guinea pig IgG1 antibodies. II. In vivo activation of C3 by anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies. AB - Normal rats were injected with guinea pig anti-rat glomerular basement membrane antibodies of the IgG1 or IgG2 class or with their F (ab') 2 fragments, in order to study which antibody site triggers the alternate complement pathway in vivo. Both IgG classes were able to induce a heavy proteinuria and led to C3 deposition in the glomeruli in a pattern similar to their own distribution along the glomerular basement membrane, as shown by the immunofluorescence technique. The Fab(ab')2 fragment of IgG2 did not produce C3 binding or proteinuria. The F(ab')2 fragment of IgG1 was difficult to obtain devoid of Fc determinants. A F(ab')2 fragment of IgG1 still bearing Fc determinants led to C3 binding and proteinuria, whereas the true F(ab')2 fragment of IgG1 had none of these effects in two out of three animals. PMID- 50375 TI - Immunologic effects of morphine administration in rabbits. AB - Long-term effects of morphine administration or immunologic test responses were studied in female rabbits. Implantation of morphine-containing pellets was found to be more effective than injection of morphine sulfate solutions in promoting increased serum binding of 140-morphine. A large part of the increased morphine binding by sera associated with administration of morphine was found in serum fractions containing gamma-globulin and was absent in gamma-globulin-free fractions. These sera showed some degree of specificity for the morphine configuration in tests with other narcotics. They also gave positive immunologic test reactions in passive hemagglutination and radial immunodiffusion tests involving serum albumins conjugated with morphine derivatives. Other evidence for immunologic responsiveness against morphine by morphine-pretreated rabbits was shown by cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions against morphine-carrier conjugates and by a diminution of the serum morphine-binding response in rabbits given an immunosuppressive dose of cyclophosphamide. Failure of naloxone, a morphine antagonist, to alter the serum morphine-binding response suggested that serum levels of the morphine-binding globulin studied here were not direclty related to morphine withdrawal. PMID- 50376 TI - Existence of VHIII subgroup in rabbit antibody heavy chains. AB - Sequence analysis of CNBr fragments from the heavy chains of a rabbit anti-p azobenzoate antibody of restricted heterogeneity has revealed a VHIII-like heavy chain sequence which was present in 6 to 10% of the heavy chain preparation. PMID- 50377 TI - Preparation of specific anti-thymocyte and anti-bursacyte sera in rabbits. AB - A method of producing anti-thymocyte and anti-bursacyte sera in rabbits is described. Chickens which served as donors of cells were thoroughly perfused with saline to remove plasma proteins and circulating blood elements. For immunization, thymocytes were obtained from neonatally bursectomized birds, and bursacytes from chickens thymectomized at hatching. The purification of rabbit anti-lymphocyte sera included absorptions with leucocyte-free suspension of chicken erythrocytes, chicken liver cell membranes, thymocytes from bursectomized irradiated and bursacytes from thymectomized-irradiated chickens, and chicken IgM and IgG immunoadsorbents. Cytotoxicity and fluorescent-antibody assays revealed that anti-thymocyte and anti-bursacyte sera thus produced clearly distinguished the surface antigenic determinants of thymocytes from those of bursacytes. PMID- 50378 TI - Non-specific interference of certain components of tissue culture media with the radioimmunoassay of rat alpha-foetoprotein. AB - Interferences of 'Williams' tissue culture medium, used for cultivating rat hepatocytes, upon rat alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) radioimmunoassay have been investigated; they are not due to foetal calf serum proteins which are added as growth factor and can be abolished by dialysis which appears to be necessary for the distinction between AFP non-producer and low-producer cell lines. Of the three major groups of non-mineral components examined, amino acid solution played a major role; when individual amino acids were examined using the double antibody technique, arginine was found to interfere predominantly; its dose-response curve was parallel to that of rat AFP, which confirmed that an immunological identity between two substances cannot be established on the basis of parallelism as the only criterion. PMID- 50379 TI - Isolation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by affinity chromatography on antibody-coated immunoadsorbents. AB - Hepatitis tb surface antigen (HBsAg) was isolated from human serum by two steps of affinity chromatography on antibody-coated gels. HBsAg-positive serum was passed through a column packed with guinea pig anti-HBsAg antibodies covalently bound to CNBr-activated beaded agarose gel. The majority of non-specifically bound proteins was removed by washing the gel with increased concentrations (0.5 M) of NaCl in Tris buffer. Elution of the specifically bound HBsAg was carried out with 3 M NaSCN. Residual normal human serum proteins present in the eluate were removed by passing the partially purified HBsAg through an immunoadsorbent coated with rabbit antibodies directed against human serum proteins. After this treatment normal human serum proteins could no longer be demonstrated by passive hemagglutination in the isolated HBsAg. Cross-reactions between HBsAg and normal human serum proteins could not be demonstrated. Both antibody-coated immunoadsorbents could be used over ten times without significant loss of their binding capacity. PMID- 50380 TI - The use of indirect immunofluorescence to evaluate the gel filtration method of fractionating human immunoglobulins. AB - The indirect immunofluorescent technique has been shown to be a more sensitive method than either immunoelectrophoresis or gel filtration for testing the efficacy of the gel filtration method in fractionating human immunoglobulins. It has been confirmed that IgM fractions of some sera from patients with multiple sclerosis, contain antibody which reacts with measles virus-infected tissue culture cells. PMID- 50381 TI - Determination of antibody avidity at the cellular level by the plaque inhibition technique: effect of valence of the inhibitor. AB - Inhibition of plaque formation by multivalent and univalent ligands was compared as an assay of avidity of antibody produced by PFC. Multivalent ligands are much more effective as inhibitors and their use tends to impart an appearance of lack of heterogeneity and high avidity to the PFC populations being studied. It is thus probably generally advisable to employ univalent ligands in such studies. PMID- 50382 TI - Immunological and biophysical properties of hepatitis B antigen labeled by the chloramine-T and by the lactoperoxidase methods. AB - Optimal conditions were sought for the radiolabeling of microgram quantities of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) employing the chloramine-T or lactoperoxidase iodination procedures. Preparations of HBsAg labeled by these procedures are referred to as chloramine-T preparations and lactoperoxidase preparations, respectively. Labeled HBsAg having specific activities between 10 20 muCi/mug were found to display the greatest degree of sensitivity for unlabeled HBsAg and for anti-HBs using a double-antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA DA). Increasing the specific activity above this level redulted in a decreased affinity of labeled 1251-HBs Ag for anti-HBs, indicating that soluble antigenic alterations had developed. At equivalent specific activities, chloramine-T preparations competed less effectively for unlabeled HBs Ag than lactoperoxidase preparations, and anti-HBs endpoint titers were slightly reduced, especially among preparations of high specific activity (greater than or equal to 65 muCi/mug). Chloramine-T preparations of HBs Ag (sp. act. 15--30 muCi/mug) showed essentially no antigenic deterioration over a 2-month period at minus 196 degrees C or minus 70 degrees C. Utilization of optimally labeled 1251-HBs Ag has increased the sensitivity of the RIA-DA for unlabeled HBs Ag 30-fold to a level below 1 ng/ml and enhanced antiamine-T method revealed that only the most acidic population was labeled (pH 3.75+/-0.5). In contrast, six antigenic components with distinct pI values ranging from 3.7 to 5.2 were detected by RIA-DA in both unlabeled HBs ag and in the chloramine-T preparation. This indicated that the chloramine-T method did not radically change the relative number or charge of each of the pI populations present in purified preparations of HBs Ag. Analysis of HBs Ag iodinated by the lactoperoxidase procedure revealed the presence of three of four populations of particles with pI values ranging from 3.9 to 4.5, suggesting that this procedure labels HBs Ag more uniformly. PMID- 50383 TI - Bovine keratohyalin: anatomical, histochemical, ultrastructural, immunologic, and biochemical studies. AB - Salt extraction studies showed that keratohyalin (KH) could be solubilized and extracted from fresh bovine hoof epidermis. The solubility of KH varied in relation to the molarity of the salt solution used for extraction. Using this information, the extracted KH was aggregated in vitro by dialyzing the high salt extract against distilled water. Histochemical, ultrastructural, and immunologic studies of the resultant particles or macroaggregates showed that the latter had the same properties and immunogenicity as the KH granule in situ and produced antibodies against it. Fractionation of the macroaggregates by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the macroaggregates were compsed of sets of 20 polymers whose subunits or monomers had a molecular weight of 16,900. Amino acid analyses showed that the macroaggregates and the various fractionated polymers were similar and that the protein ahd 116 amino acid residues. Serine, arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, and histidine constituted 78% of all residues, and serine alone represented 27%. The molecular weight by amino acid analyses was 16,150 after correction for the 8% ribonucleic acid which appears to be complexed to the protein. PMID- 50384 TI - Desmosomes, filaments, and keratohyaline granules: their role in the stabilization and keratinization of the epidermis. AB - Components of desmosomes, filaments, and keratohyaline granules were studied by electron microscope and biochemical methods to clarify their role in the stabilization and keratinization of the epidermis. Isolated desmosomes are composed of 76% protein, 17% carbohydrate, and 10% lipid. The bulk of protein consists of a "spectrin"-like fibrous protein, presumably present in the plaque, and of glycoproteins in the desmosomal interspace. The main component of filaments, prekeratin, is a low-sulfur alpha-protein composed of a pair of three chain subunits with non-alpha-helical segments separated by 200 A-long alpha helical regions. The major component of isolated keratohyaline granules, the amorphous particulate material, is formed by a high-sulfur protein with a single type of polypeptide chain. Polypeptide chains comparable to those found in prekeratin and keratohyaline granules were recovered from extracts of horny cells. Within the living part of the epidermis, filaments hypothetically form a cytoskeletal system which is anchored to desmosomes by a filamentous plaque protein. Glycoproteins are involved in the formation of strong junctions between the cells which enable the living part of the epidermis to respond as a whole to mechanical stress. The stratum corneum is stabilized by a similar system in a consolidated state which is less extensible. Horny cells are enveloped by a thickened membrane and the interfilamentous spaces are filled with various proteins including the sulfur-rich amorphous protein found in keratohyaline granules. PMID- 50385 TI - Complement activation in bullous skin diseases. AB - Pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, cicatricial pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis, and herpes gestationis are members of the chronic vesiculobullous skin diseases of man. The complement system, including both the classical and alternative pathways, may be important in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In pemphigus, early complement components (C1, C4, and C2) appear to be activated in addition to later components (C3 and C5), suggestive of classical pathway activation. Participation of properdin in addition to early complement components suggests local activation of both complement pathways in bullous pemphigoid and cicatricial pemphigoid. Herpes gestationis and dermatitis herpetiformis may be bullous skin diseases entirely mediated by the alternate or properdin pathway. The specific immunopathologic findings in these diseases are discussed. PMID- 50386 TI - Ordered structure of the epidermis. AB - Recent reports on the ordered structure of the epidermis are reviewed. The regular relationship between Langerhans cells and cell columns in the mouse is not typical of the epidermis of other animals. The pattern of mitotic activity previously described in mouse epidermis has also been demonstrated in the hamster, which suggests control of keratinocyte activity rather than the exclusion of keratinocytes from the central region beneath cell columns. These findings are discussed in relation to mechanisms which may be responsible for the formation of cell columns. PMID- 50388 TI - Ultrastructural localization of in vivo-bound complement in bullous pemphigoid. AB - Antihuman complement component C3 labeled with horseradish peroxidase was used to reveal the ultrastructural localization of complement in two cases of bullous pemphigoid. The complement deposits were shown to be exclusively located in the space between the plasma membrane of the basal cells and the basal lamina. This corresponds exactly to the ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulins in bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 50387 TI - Basement membranes: structural and biosynthetic considerations. AB - Basement membranes are extracellular matrices synthesized by a variety of cells including the basal cells of the epidermis; the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and glandular epithelium; the capillary endothelium; the epithelial cells of the glomerulus, the renal tubule, and the lens capsule; and the endothelium of Descemet's membrane. Basement membranes in the mature animal are free of lipids, DNA, and proteoglycans and are composed of dissimilar protein subunits. One of these is a procollagen-like molecule associated with a noncollagenous matrix glycoprotein. The proportion of the latter component varies among basement membranes. These various subunits are stabilized by hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, and aldehyde-derived cross-links which are so extensive that they render the basement membranes highly insoluble. Immunochemical studies indicate three distinct antigenic components which correspond to the collagenous moiety, its nonhelical extension, and the matrix glycoprotein. The collagen component of basement membranes, free of the nonhelical extension, is composed of three identical alpha-chains. It is highly rich in hydroxylysine, 3- and 4 hydroxyproline and contains 4 to 8 residues of half-cystine. It contains 38 residues of glucosyl-galactosyl-hydroxylysine per chain and minimal amounts of mannose, glucosamine, and fucose. Newly synthesized basement membrane collagen is secreted in the extracellular space as the precursor molecule "procollagen." This molecule does not undergo conversion to collagen but interacts with the matrix glycoprotein to give rise to the appropriate structure. PMID- 50389 TI - Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins of newbonr rat skin. II. Keratohyalin and stratum corneum proteins. AB - Keratohyalin extracts from newborn rat epidermis were prepared by potassium phosphate and citric acid-detergent extraction procedures. These preparations were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. The major band of the potassium phosphate extract has a molecular weight of 48,000. The major bands of the citric acid-detergent preparation have molecular weights of 64,000, 61,500, 57,000 and 54,000. Electrophoresis of S-carboxylmethylated (SCM)-fibrous protein results in two major bands of approximately 57,000 and 64,000. SDS gels of the two preparations of keratohyalin and the SCM-fibrous protein were compared with gels of the insoluble proteins of granular and eluted cornified cells. All of the major bands in the preparations of keratohyalin can be seen in gels of the granular preparation. The two SCM-fibrous protein bands correspond with two prominent bands in gels of the cornified cell preparation. Two bands of the citric acid extracted keratohyalin sample also have the same mobility. The major band of the potassium phosphate-extracted preparation of keratohyalin corresponds with a third prominent band of the cornified cell preparation. These results suggest that biochemical components of the preparations of keratohyalin are present in both the granular and the cornified layers of newborn rat epidermis. PMID- 50390 TI - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies in five cases of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. AB - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies on tissues from five patients with Argentine hemorrhagic fever revealed previously undetected lesions caused by the viral infection. Two types of particle were seen in the cells of all organs examined. The particles had some characteristics similar to those described for arenaviruses. However, the virus-like particles were intracellular, had a single membrane, and apparently originated by a process of budding into the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae. Intranuclear bodies and three types of cytopolasmic change were observed in conjunction with the virus-like particles; Antigenic determinants of Junin virus were demonstrated in cells of all organs examined. Immunohistochemical experiments also indicated alterations in the cellular mechanisms of protein synthesis. Until now the pathogenesis of human diseases produced by arenaviruses has not been established. The results of this study suggest that in Argentine hemorrhagic fever the virus is responsible for a direct pathogenic action. PMID- 50391 TI - Immunology in Nephrology--1975. PMID- 50392 TI - Sepharose-bound erythropoientin. Studies with anti-erythropoietin. AB - Anti-erythropoietin antibodies (anti-ESF) were determined by the capacity of the immunoglobulins to neutralize the biological activity of erythropoietin (ESF). Affinity chromatographic methods were used to initiate the purification of anti ESF by use of ESF covalently linked to Sepharose. It was observed that anti-ESF bound the ESF-Sepharose. In order to remove the nonspecific immunoglobulins, the anti-ESF preparation was subjected to further chromatography on affinity colums where either serum or urinary proteins from a polycythemic patient were covalently linked to Sepharose. It was demonstrated the affinity chromatography could be used as a method isolate anti-ESF. PMID- 50393 TI - 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone stimulation of human prostate in organ culture. AB - Explants of human benign hypertrophied prostate were cultured for 8 days. The effect of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone on the morphology, DNA and glucose utilization of 14 cases was investigated. In four cases proliferation was clearly more extensive in the dihydrotestosterone-treated explants than in the controls. In six explants, there were no morphological differences between those cultured with or without dihydrotestosterone and in half of these, proliferation was present. Four explants were either necrotic or did not contain epithelial cells. The mean DNA content of the treated explants was higher than that of the controls (P smaller than 0.01). There was no significant difference in the rate of glucose utilization by the explants treated with dihydrotestosterone, and by the controls. PMID- 50394 TI - Changes in the endometrium of mice after the induction of implantation by actinomycin D. AB - Actinomycin D can induce a small number of implantations in pregnant mice undergoing progestin-induced delayed implantation following ovariectomy. However, the response of the uterus to the blastocyst is considerably retarded compared with the response observed when implantation is precipitated by oestradiol. With the electron microscope the attachment reaction between the trophoblast and uterine epithelium is evident about 48 h after administration of the drug. However, the differentiation of the luminal surface of the epithelial cells in areas of uterus distant from a blastocyst (2nd stage of closure), which normally accompanies implantation, and can be induced by oestradiol in progesterone treated animals, is not seen. Thus actinomycin D, although allowing implantation to proceed, does not completely mimic the actions oestradiol on the progesterone treated uterus. PMID- 50395 TI - Proceedings: Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, zinc and cadmium in prostatic tissue. PMID- 50396 TI - Experimental study of the formation of the heart tube in the chick embryo. AB - A study was made of the development of the heart tube beginning from Hamburger & Hamilton (1951) stage 8+ up to stage 12. We used labelling with particles of iron oxide followed with time-lapse cinemicrophotography, staining with methylene blue, serial section and cutting the embryo in two halves. Our results led to the conclusion that the tubular heart is formed by the addition of precardiac material into its posterior end, but in addition it is necessary to consider the fusion of the myocardium in a cephalic direction, starting with the fusion of both heart primordia at the rostral end. By this fusion the most anterior part of the heart up to stage 12 is formed. PMID- 50397 TI - Microfilaments in the external surface layer of the early amphibian embryo. AB - A comparison was made by transmission electron microscopy of the microfilaments in the surface layers of the early embryos of Triturus alpestris and Xenopus laevis at stages of development up to neurulation. Actin-like filaments which bound heavy meromyosin (HMM) were found in cell extracts of all stages, but were comparatively rare in the newly fertilized egg. Ten nm microfilaments were present throughout development in Xenopus, and from the mid-neurula stage in Triturus. Both kinds of microfilament were located in the circumferences of superficial ectoderm cells at the level of the apical junctions, the 10 nm microfilaments in association with desmosomes which began to develop before gastrulation in Xenopus. The accumulations of microfilaments in the apical constrictions, which form in ectoderm cells of Triturus early gastrulae when dissociated in a calcium-free medium, suggest that they are contractile elements. In the absence of such accumulations in the cell apices, the reverse curling exhibited by Xenopus ectodermal explants is attributed rather to a separation of the cells' lateral borders. Cytochalasin B (5 mug/ml) caused ectodermal explants from the early gastrulae of both species to disaggregate. With the rupture of the apical junctions there was a disorganization of the associated microfilamentous layer. PMID- 50398 TI - Morphogenesis in Micrasterias. I. Tip growth. AB - Observations on lobe growth in the lateral wings of the developing primary cell wall in the desmid Micrasterias rotata are reported and discussed. Patterns of incorporation of methyl-[3H]-methionine and C-1[3H] glucose into the primary wall as revealed in autoradiograms indicate that formation of the new wall is concentrated at the tips of lobes. Patterns follow the predictions of Robertson's model for tip growth in fungal hyphae; thus they link growth in M. rotata lobes with mechanisms of cell elongation found in other cells. Damage done to selected regions of the cell surface with a laser microbeam demonstrates that only certain regions are required for continued growth and morphogenesis while much of the surface plays only a passive role. In growth stages at which lobes are already well defined (stage 4 and later) continued growth of each lobe requires the participation of an area no more than 4-5 mum in diameter, here termed a singularity, at its tip. At early stages (prior to stage 3) singularities per se cannot be demonstrated. At these stages the capacity to intitiate lobes and hence to form singularities is not fixed at specific points, but is distributed over an area of the surface no less than 10 mum in diameter. Singularities, by their persistence and repeated duplication, are directly responsible for the spatial form of the two lateral wings. PMID- 50399 TI - The mechanism of plasticization of the abdominal cuticle in Rhodnius. AB - 1. The mechanism of plasticization of the abdominal cuticle in Rhodnius larvae has been investigated, using the properties of loops of cuticle under varying test conditions as a model for the behaviour of the cuticle in vivo. 2. It is supposed that plasticization is effected by a change in the intracuticular environment. A number of model mechanisms for plasticization may be proposed, which suppose that the epidermis is capable of regulating (a) pH, (b) ionic strength,(c) Ca and/or Mg, (d) urea, within the cuticle. 3. Analyses of cuticle ash show that models(b) and (c) are not responsible for plasticization in vivo. The levels of inorganic ions within the unplasticized cuticle are not sufficiently high to allow plasticization upon their removal. 4. No evidence for model (d) has been found; urea does not occur in the cuticle in detectable quantities. 5. Exact measurements of the intracuticular pH have not been achieved but straining experiments strongly suggest that a change in pH occurs within the cuticle on plasticization. This pH change is probably large enough to account for the increased extensibility shown by plasticized cuticle. PMID- 50400 TI - Shared idiotypic determinants on B and T lymphocytes reactive against the same antigenic determinants. I. Demonstration of similar or identical idiotypes on IgG molecules and T-cell receptors with specificity for the same alloantigens. AB - Antigen-binding receptors on T lymphocytes and IgG antibodies with the same antigen-binding specificity as the T-cell receptors display shared or identical idiotypes. This was shown using a system where adult F1 hybrid rats between two inbred strains were inoculated with T lymphocytes from one parental strain. Such F1 hybrid rats produce antibodies directed against idiotypic determinants present on IgG alloantibodies, produced in the T donor genotype strain and with specificity for the alloantigens of the other parental strain. The idiotypic nature of the F1 antialloantibody serum against the parental alloantibodies was demonstrated both by indirect hemagglutination tests or by gel diffusion using alloantisera with different specificity as targets. Furthermore, the F1 anti-T lymphocyte sera could be shown to contain antibodies against idiotypic parental T lymphocytes as well. This was shown by the capacity of the antisera, in the presence of complement, to wipe out the relevant parental T-cell reactivity against the other parental strain (as measured in MLC or GVH) whilst leaving the T-lymphocyte reactivity against a third, unrelated allogeneic strain intact. These findings demonstrate that F1 hybrid rats inoculated with parental T lymphocytes make anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against both the T cell receptors and IgG alloantibodies of that parental strain with specificity for alloantigens of the other parental strain. In order to prove identity between the anti-idiotypic antibodies against the B and T-cell antigen-binding molecules the following experiments were carried out; highly purified IgG from relevant alloantibody-containing serum in immunosorbent from could be shown to selectively remove both anti-idiotypic activities from the F1 antiserum. Further more, parental normal T lymphocytes could be shown capable of removing from the anti idiotypic antisera all those antibodies that would cause agglutination of the relevant alloantibody-coated erythrocytes in the indirect agglutination assay. We would thus conclude that T and B lymphocytes reactive against a given antigenic determinant use receptors with antigen-binding areas coded for by the same variable gene subset(s). PMID- 50401 TI - Suppression of in vitro antibody response by a serum factor (SAA) in experimentally induced amyloidosis. AB - Serum from CBA/J mice made amyloidotic by chronic casein injections has been shown to suppress in vitro antibody response to SRBC. Similar suppression was also found with normal mouse serum but to a much lesser degree. This suppressive activity of both amyloidotic serum and normal serum was removed by absorption of the sera with antiserum to protein AA, the major constituent of casein-induced (secondary) amyloid fibrils. This antiserum to the amyloid fibril protein AA (mol wt 8,400 daltons) detects an immunologically cross-reacting serum alpha globulin (SAA) (mol wt approx. 100,000). It is postulated that the serum factor (SAA) is a regulator of antibody response and may be present in elevated amounts as the result of chronic antigenic stimulation. PMID- 50402 TI - Cross-resistant relationships among the aminoglucoside antibiotics in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Phenotypes of isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV showing resistance to the aminoglucoside antibiotics streptomycin, viomycin, kanamycin, capreomycin, tuberactinomycin N, lividomycin and paromomycin could be grouped into the following types: (I) resistant only to different levels of streptomycins; (2) resistant only to a low level of kanamycin; (3) triply resistant, to low levels of viomycin, tuberactinomycin N and capreomycin; (4) triply resistant, to a low level of kanamycin and high levels of lividomycin and paromomycin; (5) quadruply resistant, to a low level of capreomycin and high levels of kanamycin, lividomycin and paromomycin; (6) hextuply resistant, to high levels of viomycin, tuberactinomycin N, capreomycin, kanamycin, lividomycin, and paromomycin. Three modificatied types of the latter were also observed. Appearance rates of the six types were estimated as 10(-6) to 10(-9), 10(-6), 10(-6) to 10(-7), 10(-8), 10( 8), and 10(-8) to 10(-9), respectively, in a total viable population of the parent strain. Mutations to all phenotypes were considered to be produced by single mutations. According to cross-resistance relationships, aminoglucoside antibiotics were classified into three groups: (I) streptomycin; (II) viomycin, tuberactinomycin N and capreomycin; (III) kanamycin, lividomycin and paromomycin. No cross-resistance relationship between streptomycin and other antibiotics was observed. Resistances to viomycin, tuberactinomycin N and capreomycin occurred by single mutation to type 3. Resistances to kanamycin, lividomycin and paromomycin occurred by single mutations to types 4 and 5. Low resistance to capreomycin was produced by mutation to type 5. Therefore capreomycin was considered to be an intermediate between the second and third groups. These two groups had a close relationship, as resistance to all six agents in these groups could be produced by a single mutation to type 6 (and its modified types). PMID- 50403 TI - Glycerol teichoic acid as an antigenic determinant in a Gram-negative bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. AB - An antigenic determinant isolated from a strain of the Gram-negative bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens reacted with specific antisera to the polyglycerophosphate backbone of membrane teichoic acids of lactobacilli. It gave a reaction of identity with membrane glycerol lipoteichoic acid and glycerol teichoic acid preparations from lactobacilli, and with phenol extracts of other Gram-positive bacteria. The antigen-antibody reactions was strongly inhibited by glycerol-phosphoryl-glycerol-phosphoryl-glycerol and the chemical composition was consistent with glycerol teichoic acid. It was concluded that this Gram-negative bacterium contained a glycerol teichoic acid whose polyglycerophospate backbone was acting as antigenic determinant. Extracts of 33 out of 52 other strains of butyrivibrios examined gave similar reactions. PMID- 50404 TI - Ultrastructure of the basal organelles of flagella of Clostridium chauvoei. PMID- 50405 TI - Localized intracellular polyphosphate formation by Desulfovibrio gigas. AB - The dissimilatory sulphate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio gigas, frequently sub cultured, often contained spherical granules which stained metachromatically with some basic dyes. The granules were examined in situ by transmission electron microscopy of whole organisms and thin sections. The granules were isolated from broken bacteria as a water-insoluble, non-crystalline, white material containing magnesium, phosphorus and organic carbon, but devoid of sulphur and nitrogen. The molar ratio of phosphorus to magnesium (1 to 17) was close to the proportions in magnesium tripolyphosphate. Infrared absorption spectra for the white material and magnesium tripolyphosphate were similar. PMID- 50406 TI - An electron microscopic study of the location of teichoic acid and its contribution to staining reactions in walls of Streptococcus faecalis 8191. AB - The location of the glucosylated teichoic acid in whole cells and isolated walls of Streptococcus faecalis 8191 has been investigated using ruthenium red, gold labelled concanavalin A and concanavalin A-peroxidase-diaminobenzidine. Dense laminae were revealed in sections of osmium-fixed walls stained with ruthenium red which corresponded to similar regions stained by uranyl and lead. Such regions were not seen after teichoic acid had been extracted, suggesting that the uptake of stain was by teichoic acid. However, these regions were not labelled on exposure to gold concanavalin A or concanavalin A-peroxidase-diaminobenzidine; these stains indicated that teichoic acid was situated between the dense laminae, although the distribution of stain could have been due to the inability of the concanavalin A stains to penetrate deeply. Chemical binding studies showed that the teichoic acid was the major uranyl binding component in isolated walls, from which it might be inferred that teichoic acid was located in the densely staining regions. However, since osmification significantly increased the binding of uranyl (and lead stains) to non-teichoic acid material, such an inference was not necessarily valid. It is concluded that the presence of teichoic acid can be demonstrated in certain regions of the wall by concanavalin A, but its presence in densely staining regions has not been established. These experiments therefore suggest that teichoic acid may not be intimately associated with the mechanisms that generate contrast patterns in stained sections of cell walls of Streptococcus faecalis. PMID- 50407 TI - Immunological heterogeneity of pili of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Sera of rabbits immunized with pili or formalized cultures of Neisseria gonorrhoeae contained pili antibodies. The reaction between pili and specific gamma globulin was followed by direct visual observation with an electron microscope. Using pili from 31 strains and antisera against three strains, only a few crossreactions between pili were observed. From this it is concluded that gonococcal pili are antigenically heterogeneous. However, serum raised with a T3 culture (with no detectable pili) contained antibodies against pili of the homologous T2 strain. It is proposed that the pilus antigen may exist in a form different from the typical pilus in gonococci. PMID- 50408 TI - The location of bacterial antigens on sections of Bacillus cereus by use of the soluble peroxidase--anti-peroxidase complex and unlabelled antibody. AB - The location of antigens on sections of bacteria using the soluble peroxidase anti-peroxidase complex in conjunction with unlabelled antibody is described. Using this technique, spore antigens have been detected in the cytoplasm of vegetative cells during forespore septum formation and subsequent stages of sporulation. Antigenic sites were first associated with poly-beta-hydroxybutyric acid granules and subsequently were found in increasing quantities in the cytoplasm of the sporangium. Vegetative cell antigens were located on the cell wall and in the cortical region during sporulation. During germination antigens were located in the cortical region, and during outgrowth on the cell wall. These findings are discussed in the light of existing biochemical data. PMID- 50409 TI - A radioimmunoassay for myelin basic protein and its use for quantitative measurements. PMID- 50410 TI - Bone marrow in the Batten-Vogt syndrome. AB - Six children with clinical and pathological features of Batten-Vogt syndrome showed autofluorescent material in bone marrow cells and in 5 of them sea-blue histiocytes were seen. It is suggested that bone marrow examination for sea-blue histiocytes and autofluorescenceis a useful screening test for ceroid lipofuscinosis. PMID- 50411 TI - The metabolism of cyclic-3'-5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in diseased muscle. AB - Adenyl cyclase (AC) and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) have been studied in muscle from patients affected with muscular and neuromuscular diseases as well as in muscle of rats after experimental denervation. A diminution of AC was observed in Duchenne's dystrophy, in neurogenic atrophies, in inflammatory forms, in myasthenia and myotonia. PDE was diminished in Duchenne's dystrophy and increased in all other diseases considered. Both enzymes were increased in rat muscle after nerve transection. The possible mechanism underlying the biochemical alterations observed are discussed including unmasking of extra-activity due to changed metabolic environment, tissue destruction and activation of lysosomal activity. PMID- 50412 TI - Iophendylate cisternography in diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumors. Report of 60 cases. AB - 60 cases of bilateral cerebellopontine angle pantopaque cisternography done between May, 1972, and April, 1974, are reported. Of these, 9 showed a unilateral acoustic neurinoma of different sizes, 1 showed a bilateral acoustic neurinoma all confirmed by operation. Technical details and advantages of the procedure are discussed. There were no complications related to the procedure. PMID- 50413 TI - Histological subtypes and prognostic problems in meningiomas. AB - The incidence of the various histological subtypes of meningiomas was examined in 1238 patients with surgically treated meningiomas, about 80% arising within the cranial cavity. The histological classification used was that of Courville (1950) and Rubinstein (1972), but "angioblastic" meningiomas were segregated into 3 groups: highly vascularized meningiomas, hemangioblastomas, and hemangiopericytomas. Endotheliomatous and transitional forms constituted 85% of the total (71.5% of intracranial tumors), fibroblastic forms 6.6 and 7.5%, respectively, and highly vascularized (endotheliomatous or transitional) meningiomas 5.2% of the intracranial tumors, while true "angioblastic" meningiomas (hemangioblastomas and hemangiopericytomas) amounted to 2.8% of the total (3.1% of the intracranial tumors). 1.2% were "atypical" (so-called malignant) meningiomas; true meningeal sarcomas were excluded. The incidence of recurrence in patients surviving at least 5 years after apparently complete removal of the tumor was 13% for all sites, and 14.2% for intracranial tumors, but almost twice as high after partial removal. There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate and intervals between first and second operation according to the various histological subtypes of meningiomas, except for hemangiopericytomas which recurred with significantly higher frequency and, together with atypical meningiomas, at much shorter intervals than the others. The prognostic significance of some histological criteria in "non-angiomatous" meningiomas was examined in 211 patients surviving at least 5 years after apparently complete removal of the tumor. Among the recurrences, there was a significantly higher degree of cellularity and increased mitotic rate and, probably, of cortical invasion, while nuclear pleomorphism, increased vascularity, and focal necroses showed no definite differences. The presence of mitotic figures alone appeared to be of no prognostic value. While most recurrent meningiomas did not change their basic morphological type significantly, about 12.5% of the recurrences appeared to have a different rate of growth as suggested by increased cellularity and mitotic rates. In 2 cases an isomorphic (benign) meningioma became a true spindle cell sarcoma. PMID- 50414 TI - [Syringomyelia and normal pressure hydrocephalus (author's transl)]. AB - A case of syringomyelia with coexisting hydrocephalus is reported and a pathogenic relationship between both conditions is discussed. Gardner proposed that anomalies at the exit of the fourth ventricle produce a communicating syringomyelia. Hakim and Adams maintain that normal pressure hydrocephalus can aggravate this condition by a hydraulic pressure effect which can be stopped by the insertion of a ventriculoatrial shunt with improvement in the clinical picture. This has been our experience in the case reported. PMID- 50415 TI - Acute parathion poisoning: myopathic changes in the diaphragm. PMID- 50416 TI - Cholesterol and uric acid levels in patients with Bell's palsy. PMID- 50417 TI - [Long-term treatment with L-DOPA in a case of torsion dystonia (authors transl)]. AB - A 36-year old woman had been able to move from place to place only by crawling until 1971 after she had been treated with L-DOPA, the dose of which was increased to a maximum of 2.5 g daily. Within 4 weeks there was a diminution of her increased muscle tone and she experienced a dramatic improvement in her daily living activities, being able to walk without assistance for the first time in 20 years. This improvement has continued with a daily maintenance dose of 1.25 g. For patients with torsion dystonia, where the so-called myostatic component preponderates, cautious application of L-DOPA seems to be justified and further clinical studies are suggested. PMID- 50418 TI - [Scaling of disturbances of attention in neurological patients (author's transl)]. AB - In a previous report two additive scales were developed for measuring susceptibility to stimulation (with 4 experimental stimuli) and reactivity (with 4 types of reactions). The degree of loss of attention in neurological patients as determined by the position of a patient correlates with the frequencies of his reactions. Thus the measurement of frequencies does not add any further information. There is no patterning of reactions due to the different etiology of the disorder of attention. These results support the suggested one-factor theory of attention. PMID- 50419 TI - [The pattern of phospholipids during the course of delirium tremens (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma phospholipids were examined in patients with delirium tremens in the acute phase of the disease and after recovery. The levels of lysolecithin, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin and the total of phospholipids were decreased in comparison to normals. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and the total phospholipids were diminished in comparison to patients with liver cirrhoses. Only in the plasma of patients with liver cirrhoses with bad prognosis (hepatic coma) similar low levels of total phospholipids were found. It is concluded from these results, that the synthesis of phospholipids is reduced during delirium tremens. PMID- 50420 TI - On the effect of brain phospholipase A1 on specifically labelled glycerophospholipids in the course of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - The effect of phospholipase A1 of human brain on 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphorylcholine, -ethanolamine and -serine, specifically labelled with different fatty acids at either the 1 or 2 position, was determined in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. An increase of approximately 40% in the specific activity of phospholipase A1 could be observed for all substrates investigated during the demyelinating disorder. On investigating the specific activity of the enzyme with various molecular species of phosphatidylcholine and -ethanolamine, labelled at the 1 position with different radioactive fatty acids, we found that the phospholipase A1 preferentially removed those fatty acids from the 1 position of phosphatidylcholines that have the fewest double bonds, while oleic and linoleic acid were released at almost similar rates from phosphatidylethanolamine. PMID- 50421 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid cytological diagnosis of primary and metastatic tumours of the central nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - In the routine cytological examination of the lumbar CSF of 4000 patients, the diagnosis of a tumour was made in 46 cases, most being metastases to the CNS, 20 having meningeal carcinomatosis. There were 9 malignant cerebral tumours of neuroepithelial origin, 2 spinal meningioma and 1 spinal neurinomas. Autochtonous cerebral tumours rarely exfoliate or become differentiated so are more difficult to identify and especially to distinguish from the nonspecific CSF irritation syndrome. On the other hand metastases are morphologically distuinguishable by cell type and the large number of mitoses. Cytological study of the CSF is of great diagnostic value and, in some cases is the only way to make the correct diagnosis. PMID- 50422 TI - Agargel electrophoresis of unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 50423 TI - L-leucine loading studies in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. PMID- 50424 TI - [A case of Guillain-Barre syndrome following cholera vaccination (author's transl)]. AB - A 45-year-old woman developed bilateral ascending flaccid paralysis after cholera vaccination, 15 days after the first and 1 day after the second injection. The clinical course resulted in nearly complete paralysis of the lower limbs, paresis of the upper limbs and partial involvement of the cranial nerves. There was only slight sensory loss. The CSF revealed no pleocytosis and a protein level of 206 mg/100 ml. Recovery began 2 weeks later and was almost complete after 2 months. Immunological investigations revealed no remarkable changes. PMID- 50425 TI - [Mitochondrial changes of the skeletal muscle in the peroneal muscular atrophy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease). Histological and electron microscopic studies (author's transl)]. AB - This report deals with two sisters (38 and 44 years old) suffering from Charcot Marie-Tooth disease. Muscle biopsies were taken from the deltoid and the rectus femoris. In one of the cases a sural nerve biopsy was also made. Light microscopy showed only slight myopathic changes. The histochemical reactions disclosed an increase in lipid deposition and in NADH-TR activity of type 1 fibres. Electron microscopy showed abnormal mitochondrial aggregates, which were surrounded inconstantly by glycogen deposits, especially in subsarcolemmal space. Many of the atypical mitochondria showed paracristalline inclusions within the cristae. The significance of these findings is discussed and compared with similar reports in the literature. PMID- 50426 TI - Symptomatic hypothyroidism in children with collagen disease. PMID- 50427 TI - The fetal trimethadione syndrome. AB - Three families are described in which each of the mothers took trimethadione during pregnancy. From a comparison of siblings in each family and of others exposed to trimethadione in utero, a specific phenotype is delineated. Features included in the fetal trimethadione syndrome are developmental delay, speech difficulty, V-shaped eyebrows, epicanthus, low-set ears with anteriorly folded helix, palatal anomaly, and irregular teeth. Additional anomalies in some of the patients include intrauterine growth retardation, short stature, microcephaly, cardiac anomaly, ocular anomaly, hypospadias, inguinal hernia, and simian creases. PMID- 50428 TI - The fetal hydantoin syndrome. PMID- 50429 TI - Studies of adoptees from psychiatrically disturbed biologic parents. II. Temperament, hyperactive, antisocial, and developmental variables. AB - Temperament, hyperactivity, antisocial behavior, and developmental milestones were assessed in two groups of adoptees by interviewing the adoptive parents. One group, the "experimental," was born of psychiatrically disturbed biologic parents (N = 59). The second group, the "control," had psychiatrically "normal" parents (N = 54). Infants in each group were separated from their biologic parents at birth and had no further contact with them. Male "experimental" adoptees had excess number of temperament traits characteristic of the "difficult" child, as well as an excess of antisocial behaviors when contrasted with male control subjects. No differences between control and experimental females were found for these variables. Hyperactive behavior in the adoptees of each sex was associated more with antisocial parentage than in those of "normal" parentage. PMID- 50430 TI - Combined anterior abdominal wall, sternal, diaphragmatic, pericardial, and intracardiac defects: a report of five cases and their management. PMID- 50431 TI - A study on alpha-fetoprotein and endodermal sinus tumor. PMID- 50432 TI - Histochemistry and scanning electron microscopy of tooth integumental material in humans. AB - Plaque material on human teeth was investigated using histochemical techniques and scanning electron microscopy. A positive reaction for protein, cargohydrate, and lipids was seen around the fissures and in a well-defined band around the sides of the tooth corresponding to the highest contour. These regions are the location of dense aggregates of bacteria as seen with scanning electron microscopy. This study emphasizes the fact that considerable attention should be given to the cleaning of not only the occlusal surfaces but also the highest contour of the tooth. PMID- 50433 TI - Kinetics and mechanisms of degradation of the antileukemic agent 5-azacytidine in aqueous solutions. AB - The hydrolytic degradation of 5-azacytidine was studied spectrophotometrically as a function of pH, temperature, and buffer concentration. Loss of drug followed apparent first-order kinetics in the pH region below 3. At pH less than 1,5 azacytosine and 5-azauracil were detected; at higher pH values, drug was lost to products which were essentially nonchromophoric if examined in acidic solutions. The apparent first-order rate constants associated with formation of 5 azacytosine and 5-azauracil from 5-azacytidine are reported. Above pH 2.6, first order plots for drug degradation are biphasic. Apparent first-order rate constants and coefficients for the biexponential equation are given as a function of pH and buffer concentration. A reaction mechanism consistent with the data is discussed together with problems associated with defining the stability of the drug in aqueous solutions. At 50 degrees, the drug exhibited maximum stability at pH 6.5 in dilute phosphate buffer. Similar solutions were stored at 30 degrees to estimate their useful shelflife. Within 80 min, 6 times 10(-4) M solutions of 5 azacytidine decreased to 90% of original potency based on assumptions related to the proposed mechanisms. PMID- 50434 TI - Determination of dicumarol metabolites in bile of rats. AB - After intravenous administration of dicumarol-14C to rats, the bile excreted over the next 24 hr contained from 32 to 46% of the administered radioactivity. At least three primary metabolites and a small amount of unchanged dicumarol were present in the bile. Over 91% of the primary metabolites was converted to dicumarol and 7-hydroxydicumarol by hydrolysis with beta-glucuronidase. Some primary metabolites were hydrolyzed simply by acidification to pH 3 or by treatment under the acidic conditions utilized in the enzymatic hydrolysis. The three primary metabolites contain carboxylic acid groups, as indicated by their electrophoretic mobility-pH profiles, and some are simple glucuronides of dicumarol and 7-hydroxydicumarol. The possibility that others are derivatives of these compounds in which a coumarin lactone ring is opened cannot be ruled out. When the metabolites released by either acidification or enzymatic hydrolysis were chromatographed in n-butanol-3 M ammonia, artifacts were produced, presumably as a result of decomposition of 7-hydroxydicumarol. The question is raised whether a previously reported metabolite (B055) is an artifact. PMID- 50435 TI - Facile preparation of 6-chloro-9-amino-2-hydroxyacridine, a urinary metabolite of quinacrine and quinacrine mustard. AB - 6-Chloro-9-amino-2-hydroxyacridine was found to be a metabolite of both quinacrine and the antimalarial alkylating agent quinacrine mustard. Its structure was confirmed by a one-step reaction of quinacrine with 48 percent hydrobromic acid. The presence of this compound as a metabolite of quinacrine mustard suggests a possible in vivo activation mechanism for its antitumor activity and a pharmacological basis for its toxicity to the liver. In vitro experiments showed that this new compound does react with chromosomes and, therefore, can be both a useful chromosome stain and an intercalating agent. PMID- 50436 TI - The effects of ganglionic blockade, reserpine and vinblastine on plasma catecholamines and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the rat. AB - In rats, chronic ganglionic blockade induced by repeated doses of chlorisodamine rapidly and profoundly lowered plasma norepinephrine, but plasma dopamine-beta hydroxylase (DBH) activity, even after 5 days treatment, was not significantly reduced. Long-term chlorisondamine treatment did not alter cardiac DBH or rapid axonal transport of DBH in sciatic nerve. Blockade of alpha adrenergic receptors by administration of repeated doses of phenoxybenzamine resulted in elevated levels of plasma catecholamines, but produced no change in plasma DBH. Chronic reserpine treatment (2.5 mg/kg on alternate days) increased plasma DBH after 2 and 5 days, whereas vinblastine (3 mg/kg) caused a progressive fall in enzyme activity in plasma over the same time period. It is concluded that plasma DBH activity does not closely parallel adrenergic function and neurotransmitter release in the rat. The level of DBH in plasma appears to reflect the rate of enzyme synthesis and axonal transport, It is likely that mechanisms other than stimulation-coupled exocytotic release determine levels of DBH activity in plasma. PMID- 50437 TI - Inhibition of granulation tissue growth by histamine. AB - Granulomas were induced in rats by subcutaneous implantation of formalin-soaked filter-paper disks. Daily subcutaneous injection of histamine at doses of two times 0.05 mg/kg and above inhibited the growth of granulation tissue as measured by a marked decrease in the dry-defatted granuloma weight and of the hydroxyproline and hexosamine content. Histological observations of granulation tissue indicated that histamine inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts and the formation of capillaries. Inhibitory effects were also observed with the histamine releaser, sinomenine, and the histaminase inhibitor, aminoguanidine. These histamine effects seem not to be mediated by glucocorticoid release, since an effective dose level of histamine produced no change in growth or thymus weight. Prednisolone was less potent than histamine in inhibiting Prednisolone was ineffective at the dose tested. Subcutaneous injection of the H2-receptor antagonist, burimamide, blocked these histamine effects and also of sinomeinine and aminoguanidine. The H1-receptor antagonist, mepyramine, did not block these histamine effects. Burimamide alone enhanced the growth of granuloma. These results indicate that granulation-tissue growth in inflammation is affected by the inhibitory effect of endogenous histamine acting through H2-receptors. PMID- 50438 TI - Effect of cromolyn sodium and deuterium oxide on anaphylactic histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro. AB - Previous studies had shown that cromolyn sodium would inhibit anaphylactic histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro (J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 184: 41, 1973), under conditions where the maximum release was usually less than 30% of the total. In this report, deuterium oxide (D2O) is shown to potentiate anaphylactic histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro. The cells were sensitized in vitro with rat reaginic antiovalbumin and challenged in vitro. The histamine was measured fluorometrically. At 37 degrees C the effect of D2O was concentration dependent with a 1.3-fold potentiation at 5% (v/v) and a 3-fold potentiation at 25% D2O (v/v). There was no effect of these levels of D2O on spontaneous histamine release. To be able to measure the rate of release, the sensitized cells were challenged with antigen at 25 degrees C in the presence and absence of D2O. Under these conditions, D2O increased both the rate of release and the total amount of release proportionately so that the T1/2 of release was not affected by D2O. The concentration of cromolyn sodium necessary to obtain 50% inhibition of histamine release increased from 6 muM in 0% D2O, to 80 muM in 10% D2O and to greater than 500 muM in 25% D2O. However, the lines showing the relationship between cromolyn sodium concentration and percent histamine released were not shifted in a parallel manner by D2O. This suggests that the interaction between D2O, cromolyn sodium and the histamine-releasing processes of mast cells is not a simple one. PMID- 50440 TI - Proceedings: Teaching with the Phillips cassettoscope LCH 2020. PMID- 50439 TI - On the role of mitochondria in transmitter release from motor nerve terminals. AB - 1. The changes in transmitter release produced by mitochondrial inhibitors has been studied at the frog neuromuscular junction using conventional electrophysiological techniques for stimulation and intracellular recording. 2. Inhibitors of the electron transport chain and inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation produce an increase in the frequency of appearance of the miniature end-plate potentials. This increase in frequency is observed also in calcium-free media. Mitochondrial inhibitors also augment the amount of transmitter liberated by a nerve impulse. 3. Ruthenium red, which is an inhibitor of calcium uptake by mitochondria, increases the spontaneous transmitter release but decreases the quantal content. The latter effect of Ruthenium red is antagonized by calcium. 4. The mitochondrial content of the motor nerve terminals is, on the average, 6.59%. 5. The experimental results are explained on the hypothesis that spontaneous release of transmitter reflects the resting level of intracellular free calcium and the evoked release reflects the sum of the resting calcium and the calcium brought in by the action potential. The mitochondria play a role in transmitter release by participating in the regulation of the intracellular free Ca. PMID- 50441 TI - Nuclear division in the ameboflagellate Adelphamoeba galeacystis. AB - Nuclear division is synchronized cultures of the ameoboflagellate Adelphamoeba galecystis has been described. Division in this organism is typically promitotic. It occurs within an intact nuclear membrane and is characterized by the persistence of the nucleolus and its transformation into 2 polar masses. The nucleolus is stained with pyronin-Y by the methyl green pyronin-Y technic, and with Heidenhain's hematoxylin, but is unstained by the Feulgen reaction. The reaction with these stsins is removed after digestion of the nucleolus by ribonuclease. During mitosis the nucleolus undergoes an orderly series of vacuolizations before forming the polar masses. The chromatin is Feulgen positive, stains with methyl green by the methyl green pyronin-Y technic and undergoes a series of characteristic changes during the division process. Synchronizationof amebae grown on coverglasses was accomplished by transfer of cells from 30 to 38.5 C for a period of 100 min. A temporal sequence of nucleolar and chromatin participation in the nuclear division of this organism is suggested. PMID- 50442 TI - [Ultrastructure of Sarcocystis tenella. I. Endozoite (after negative staining)]. AB - The employment of negative staining technics for the endozoites (cyst stages) of Sarcocystis tenella allowed the elucidation of certain aspects of their fine structure. The conoid consists of similar to 20 oblique fibers and is surmounted by a ring with regular ornamentation. In the conoid's interior there are 2 excentric parallel microtubules which extend posteriorly for a considerable distance into the adjacent cytoplasm. The fibers of the conoid, intraconoid microtubules, appear to have the same diameter and structure as the 22 subpellicular microtubules. They are "cemented" anteriorly into a periconoidal ring which surrounds the conoid. The "reticulated" pellicle has certain differentiations: the micropore, surrounded by a "fibrillar" element, similar to 10 subcircular structures arranged into an anterior crown, and 11 rows of granules converging toward the posterior end. The sarconemes look like rice grains which, contrary to previous statements, are independent of one another. It is established that there are only 2 rhoptries. PMID- 50443 TI - Toxicity of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide for Crithidia fasciculata. AB - Growth inhibition of Crithidia fasciculata by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (NQO) was observed in defined and complex media at 28 C. Aromatic amino acids, cystein, and nicotinic acid, among several other substances, were ineffective in overcoming NQO toxicity. Dicoumarol and bovine albumin reversed NQO inhibition. While bovine albumin probably acted by the extra-cellular binding of NQO, dicoumarol inhibited the activity of DT-diaphorase, which reduces NQO to 4-hydroxyaminonitroquinoline 1-oxide (HAQO). The DT-diaphorase from C. fasciculata had the same characteristics as the enzyme from rat liver. The specific protection by dicoumarol against NQO inhibition suggests that HAQO is the active toxic substance for C. fasciculata. PMID- 50444 TI - [Comparative effectiveness of pulmonary scintigraphy and radiography in detecting toxic side-effects of Bleomycin treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Pulmonary toxic effects subsequent to intravenous injections of bleomycin in cancer therapy have well been demonstrated. In order to prevent the acute pathological pulmonary manifestations of the treatment, it is necessary that the patient be submitted to repeated controls of the lungs. As yet, the efficiency of the current diagnostic procedures for detecting the lesions dues to bleomycin injections is not clearly demonstrated. The authors present the results of a comparative study on the effectiveness of radiological and scintigraphic examination of the lung in detecting toxic side-effects of bleomycin. Both procedures were used repeatedly on rabbits, before, during and after the bleomycin treatment. The findings are discussed on the basis of the macroscopic and histological examination of the lungs. The results demonstrate that pulmonary scintigraphy with radioactive macroaggregates is more sensitive than radiography in detecting the early lesions of the lungs after bleomycin treatment. PMID- 50445 TI - [Lymphography in Whipple's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 50446 TI - The effect of oestrogen administered during the progestational phase of the cycle on transport of spermatozoa in ewes. AB - Two split-plot factorial experiments are described, the first with 72 entire cyclic ewes and the second with 80. The pattern of transport of spermatozoa through the reproductive tract was studied, following treatments with progestagen and oestrogen or with oestrogen alone during 2 weeks preceding insemination. A daily dose of 25 mug oestradiol-17 beta administered to ewes for 14 days preceeding oestrus had a deleterious effect on the passage of spermatozoa through the cervix into the uterus within the first 2 hr after insemination. The numbers of spermatozoa recoverable from the cranial region of the cervix 2 hr after insemination appeared to be related to the numbers in the oviducts at 24 hr. These numbers were related to fertility data from an earlier experiment using similar treatments. The data for log numbers of spermatozoa recoverable from the cervix formed a near-normal distribution and so were suitable for formal statistical analysis. There was an interaction between progestagen and oestrogen influence before mating on the pattern of sperm transport through the cervix. PMID- 50447 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxic reactions to tumor associated antigens. PMID- 50449 TI - Cultivation of mouse bone marrow cells: cytochemical studies of the granulocyte colony feeder cells. PMID- 50448 TI - Nonspecific resistance to intraocular infection: nonviable stimuli. PMID- 50450 TI - Xenotropic C-type viruses and autoimmune disease. AB - New Zealand Black (NZB) mice develop a disease complex which resembles autoimmunity in man. Cells from both NZB embryos and adults spontaneously produce an infectious C-type virus which is xenotropic (X-tropic)-capable of being passed only to cells foreign to the host species. It differs from other endogenous murine C-type viruses which are ecotropic, i.e. infectious for cells of their home species. Xenotropic viruses are detected in embryos and adult tissues of other strains of mice but at less frequency and titer than in NZB mice. Moreover, natural anti-X-tropic virus neutralizing activity which is present in all mouse sera, is found in significantly higher titers in NZB mouse sera. A working hypothesis is that the X-tropic virus is an important agent for normal development and differentiation, but in NZB mice its increased expression results in autoimmune disease. Furthermore, its interaction with endogenous ecotropic virus leads to phenotypic mixing with possible enhancement of the immunologic disorders. PMID- 50451 TI - The heterogeneity of anti-DNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus and other diseases. AB - The antigenic specificities of antinucleic acid antibodies occurring in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), chronic active liver disease, and progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) have been studied by means of haptenic nucleosides and nucleotides coupled to human serum albumin. SLE sera were also tested with dinucleotides. SLE and chronic active liver disease sera showed marked heterogeneity, producing precipitin lines with nucleosides or nucleotides, or both. The reaction might occur with a nucleoside and not with the corresponding nucleotide, or vice versa. The SLE sera reacted to dinucleotides with marked specificity, being able to recognize base sequences or to react with a dinucleotide despite the absence of a reaction with the individual bases. All sera from patients with PSS showed precipitins with RNA, uridine and UMP. PSS sera which reacted with a nucleoside also reacted with the corresponding nucleotide. Antibodies to DNA were found in a smaller proportion of PSS sera than in sera from SLE or chronic active liver disease. Their presence was confirmed by reactivity with thymidine and TMP. PMID- 50453 TI - A golgi study of the optic tectum of the tegu lizard, Tupinambis nigropunctatus. AB - The dendritic patterns of cells in the optic tectum of the tegu lizard, Tupinambis nigropunctatus, were analyzed with the Ramon-Moliner modification of the Golgi-Cox technique. Cell types were compared with those described by other authors in the tectum of other reptiles; particular comparisons of our results were made with the description of cell types in the chameleon (Ramn, 1896), as the latter is the most complete analysis in the literature. The periventricular gray layers 3 and 5 consist primarily of two cell types--piriform or pyramidal shaped cells and horizontal cells. Cells in the medial portion of the tectum, in an area coextensive with the bilateral spinal projection zone, possess dendrites that extend across the midline. The latter cells have either fusiform or pyramidal shaped somas. The central white zone, layer 6, contains fibers, large fusiform or pyramidal shaped cells, fusiform cells, and small horizontal cells. The central gray zone, layer 7, is composed predominately of fusiform cells which have dendrites extending to the superficial optic layers, large polygonal cells, and horizontal cells. The superficial gray and white layers, layers 8-13, contain polygonal, fusiform, stellate, and horizontal elements. Layer 14 is composed solely of afferent optic tract fibers. Several differences in the occurrence and distribution of cell types between the tegu and the other reptiles studied are noted. Additionally, the laminar distribution of retinal, tectotectal, telencephalic, and spinal projections in the tegutectum can be related to the distribution of cell types, and those cells which may be postsynaptic to specific inputs can be identified. The highly differentiated laminar structure of the reptilian optic tectum, both in regard to cell type and to afferent and efferent connections, may serve as a model for studying some functional properties of lamination common to cortical structures. PMID- 50452 TI - Serologic abnormalities in spontaneous and drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Extensive serologic changes occur in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which are probably secondary to unknow primary cause(s). The New Zealand hybrid mouse model most likely has a viral-induced disease and does not show many of the clinical features of the human disease. The best example of human SLE which provides a clue to etiology is the drug-induced type, particularly that due to procainamide. In these patients it is possible to study the development of serologic changes prior to the onset of clinical manifestations, and then observe regression of the clinical and serological changes on withdrawal of the medication. Although there is a rough correlation between the many serologic abnormalities and the clinical picture, enough exceptions exist, so that single tests such as serum complement, anti-DNA antibodies, per cent DNA binding, and others, cannot be used as a sine qua non for management. Care of the patient still remains a clinical problem guided by various laboratory procedures but not dependent on any one. Alkyating agents have a limited role in the treatment of lupus nephropathy and cutaneous vasculitis but azathioprine is probably of no value in SLE. PMID- 50454 TI - Configurational changes in isolated rat liver mitochondria as revealed by negative staining. III. Modifications caused by uncoupling agents. PMID- 50455 TI - Ultrastructure and permeability of intercellular contacts of developing proximal tubule in rat kidney. PMID- 50456 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the inner and outer membranes of an unsaturated fatty acid auxotroph of Escherichia coli. PMID- 50457 TI - Adhesion of Lactobacilli to the chicken crop epithelium. PMID- 50458 TI - Microhelices in Hevea latex. PMID- 50459 TI - Secretory dynamics of the rat submandibular gland. An ultrastructural and cytochemical study of the isoproterenol-induced secretory cycle. PMID- 50460 TI - Ultrastructural cytochemistry of atrial muscle cells. V. Characterization of specific granules in the human left atrium. PMID- 50461 TI - Electron microtephroscopy of proteins. A close look at the ashes of myokinase and protamine. PMID- 50462 TI - Fine structure and physiocochemical studies on the collagen of the marine sponge Chondrosia reniformis nardo. PMID- 50463 TI - [Unusual complications of prostatectomy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a case of cystitis with incrustation of the trigone which required re-implantation of the ureters. The operation suggested that when the hemostatic balloon is inflated excessively, this may harmful. PMID- 50464 TI - "Sleeve"-type ureterocolic anastomosis. Modified Goodwin technic. PMID- 50466 TI - The assessment of results following endocrine therapy for prostatic cancer. AB - Generally, recent reports on the side effects of estrogen therapy for prostatic cancer have concerned mortality statistics, relatively little attention having been paid to the quality of life of individual patients. We herein propose an assessment of treatment regimens based on the concept of the time during which a patient remains free of tumor progression or serious side effects. A particular regimen has been examined in relation to the hormonal effects of endocrine ablation, and to the dosage and type of estrogen therapy used in 59 men with prostatic cancer. Although no significant difference among treatment methods has emerged in this small group (except for the more frequent occurrence of fluid retention with the stilbestrol dosage, 30 versus 15 mg. per day) and no correlation between the degree of testosterone suppression and length of remission has emerged so far, this method of assessment proved useful and should be applicable widely. It was confirmed that gonadotropin levels remained in the normal range in patients whose testosterone levels were suppressed with chlorotrianisene. PMID- 50465 TI - Mitosis is required for production of murine leukemia virus and structural proteins during de novo infection. AB - Cloned 3T3FL cells were synchronized in G1 phase of the cell cycle by deprivation of multiplication stimulatory activity of serum and were then infected with Moloney leukemia virus. Eclipse period of virus could be made to vary from less than 10 to 34 h. All virus release was completely dependent and occurred immediately after the first mitosis following serum reconstitution. Virus yield was not affected by the time of virus inoculation as related to the cell DNA synthetic phase. Colchicine arrested the cells in mitosis and prevented the formation of infectious virus. Viral proteins p10, p30, and gp71 were assayed in cell lysates during the growth curve of virus in synchronized cells. The group specific determinants of each protein were measured in a competition radioimmunoassay. None of the virus proteins appeared during the eclipse period of the virus. All three proteins appeared simultaneously, coincident with mitosis, and continued to rise during the G1 phase. The absolute quantities of each protein were proportional to the amount of Moloney leukemia virus produced. The relative amounts of some of the viral proteins in the cell did not correspond to their content in purified virions suggesting several possible mechanisms of control. PMID- 50467 TI - [Planning of chemotherapy in cancer of children]. PMID- 50468 TI - Antigenic analyses of Lactobacillus fermenti. AB - Antigenic analyses of Lactobacillus fermenti were carried out by double immunodiffusion in agar using extracts prepared with cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) or hot dilute hydrochloric acid (HCL). A common antigen of L. fermenti, designated as antigen f by the author, was extracted from whole cells with dilute HCL, but not with TCA. The antigen f was also observed in Lactobacillus casei. In addition, all strains isolated from human saliva contained antigen 6 in their cell walls, while the antigen was not observed in most of the isolates from human feces. Therefore, L. fermenti could be divided into two subgroups based upon the existence of antigen 6. Antigen 7 which was demonstrated in some strains of L. fementi was shared by other species of lactobacilli belonging to the serological groups D and E. The common antigen 3 found in lactobacilli was extracted from all strains of L. fermenti Sugar components of cell walls were mainly galactose, glucose and glucosamine (including N-acetylglucosamine), but a small amount of rhamnose was present in the cell wall of only one strain. Inhibition tests with various sugars showed that the serologically active sugars were galactose for antigen f and glucose for antigen 6. PMID- 50469 TI - The skin-reactive antigens of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AB - Guinea pigs experimentally infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae or immunized with the orgnaism in combination with Freund's complete adjuvant developed a delayed hypersensitive skin reaction following on intradermal injection of the M. pneumoniae antigen. The amount of protein necessary to produce the delayed skin reaction was as low as 0.01 mug. When the sonicated whole cells were extracted with aqueous acetone, the delayed skin reactivity was found mostly in the acetone insoluble (lipid-depleted) fraction. On the other hand, the lipid fraction which was isolated by a chloroform-methanol extraction of the acetone-soluble fraction and had a high titer of complement-fixing activity, exhibited little delayed skin reactivity. The lipid-depleted antigens as the whole cell antigens produced delayed skin reactivities in human patients. PMID- 50470 TI - [Experimental studies on effects of carcinostatic agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 50471 TI - Long-time observations on the Blalock-Taussig operation VIII. 20 to 28 year follow-up on patients with a tetralogy of Fallot. AB - This study extends our previous observation on patients with a tetralogy of Fallot, operated on by the late Dr; Alfred Blalock and his associates between 1945 and 1951, from a 15 year follow-up to 20 years and assesses the final status of these patients 20 to 28 years after their first operation. This study is mainly concerned with the 432 patients known to be alive at the beginning of the 15th postoperative year. At the beginning of the 20th year, 376 patients were alive, 24 had died, 32 had been lost to follow-up. Review of the final status of those 432 patients showed that 169 had no further cardiac surgery after their initial operation, 36 had further palliative surgery, and 227 had total correction. Thirty-seven percent of the first group, and 79.3% of those with total correction were doing well. These two groups, however, are not comparable. Approximately 250 patients have married; 161 have one or more children. Thirty five percent have graduated from college and 68.7% are earning substantial incomes. The high scholastic achievement of many of these patients is strong evidence that low oxygen saturation of arterial blood is not a prime cause of mental retardation. The occupations of the patients indicate that the quality of their lives is extremely good and that a cardiac handicap in childhood does not preclude success in adult life. Approximately 69% of these patients have repaid in taxes the cost to society of their rehabilitation. PMID- 50472 TI - [Role of immunological factors in the etiology, clinical picture and diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 50473 TI - Reduced monocyte phagocytosis in patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease and lymphosarcoma. AB - The monocytes of 7 patients with advanced Hdgkin's disease (stages III and IV) and of two patients with generalized lymphosarcoma exhibited a highly significant impairment of the phagocytosis of IgG-coated red cells, regardless of receiving therapy or not. In contrast three patients with M. Hodgkin, stage II B, and one with lymphosarcoma in complete remission showed a rather elevated monocyte phagocytic acitivity. The nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by monocytes in the mean was significantly enhanced in all patients investigated, compared with normal persons, although only in one patient a bacterial infection was apparent at the time of the test. The possible implication of the findings in the well known immunodeficiency present in M. Hodgkin and lymphosarcoma is discussed. PMID- 50474 TI - [Complications during treatment with antireticular cytotoxic serum and their prevention]. PMID- 50475 TI - [Content of sex X and Y chromatin in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 50476 TI - [Soviet medicine and the heroism of medical workers during the Great Patriotic War]. PMID- 50477 TI - [Work in the name of Great Victory]. PMID- 50478 TI - [Standards of phosphatase activity of leukocytes in healthy persons]. PMID- 50479 TI - [Cytochemical normal value of phosphatase activity of blood and its characteristics in women]. PMID- 50480 TI - [Morphological and certain cytochemical indicators in acute leukemia]. PMID- 50481 TI - [Modification of the method of erythrocyte destruction in lymphocytic suspension]. PMID- 50483 TI - [Phagocytic acitivity of mixed leukocytes isolated from blood of many donors]. PMID- 50482 TI - [Surface charge of blood cells and certain aspects of its biological role]. PMID- 50484 TI - [Dynamic studies of certain laboratory indicators in patients with lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma]. PMID- 50485 TI - [Determination of chlorine ion concentration with the aid of ion-selective electrode]. PMID- 50486 TI - [Oscillopolarographic determination of copper, lead and zinc in blood with preliminary accumulation on a stationary mercury electrode]. PMID- 50487 TI - [Determination of the activity of sodium, potassium and calcium ions by the method of direct potentiometry]. PMID- 50488 TI - [Use of 18-tungsten, molybdo-2-phosphates of ammonium for determination of protein by Lauri's method]. PMID- 50489 TI - [Method of obtaining immune antistaphylococcal sera]. PMID- 50490 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of meningococcal infection according to the materials of a practical laboratory]. PMID- 50491 TI - [Identification of Mycoplasma isolated from the male urogenital tract]. PMID- 50492 TI - [Modified methods of additional staining of blood smears after cytochemical detection of phosphomonoesterases and dehydrogenases]. PMID- 50493 TI - [Combination of cytochemical reactions with autoradiography]. PMID- 50494 TI - [Simple micro-express method of globulin determination]. PMID- 50495 TI - [Immunofluorescence reaction of microagglutination of Rickettsia]. PMID- 50496 TI - Studies on modification on the cellular response to injury. AB - Extracellular acidosis (pH 6.6) has been found to delay the lethal effect of p chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid on Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. At pH 6.6, 50 per cent of the cells died within approximately 80 minutes, compared with approximately 10 minutes at pH 7.5 or approximately 5 minutes at pH 8.0. It was also observed that low pH produced a dissociation between potassium loss, ATP levels, cell volume, and cell death. The possible mechanism of this effect is discussed; it is our hypothesis that it involves proton interactions with plasma membrane components which either affect available membrane sulfhydryl groups or otherwise stabilize the cell membrane against loss of semipermeable characteristics and cellular lysis. PMID- 50497 TI - Effects of the cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor ay9944 on organotypic cultures ofmouse spinal cord. Retarded myelinogenesis and induction of cytoplasmic inclusions. AB - Young cultures of fetal mouse spinal cord were exposed to nutrient medium containingAY9944 [trans-1,4-bis(2-chlorobenzylaminomethyl)cyclohexane dihydrochloride], apotent cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor, and their reactions were studied by light and electron microscopy. AY9944 treatment for 4 to 7 days retarded cultures revealed anaccumulation of numerous intracytoplasmic inclusions in perikarya of neurons, astrocytes,and oligodendrocytes. These inclusions were also found in dendritic processes, myelinated axons, and presynaptic terminals. These inclusions were composed of concentric lamellar structures or of reticular internal structures. Although considerable improvement of myelination and diminution of cytoplasmic inclusions were noted following the removal of the inhibitor and the restitution in normal nutrient medium, a complete recovery oflesions was not observed during the 3-week restitution period in vitro. PMID- 50498 TI - Hepatocellar hyalin (Mallory bodies) in long term griseofulvin-treated mice: a new experimental model for the study of hyalin formation. AB - Experimental studies on the significance and origin of hepatocellular "alcoholic" hyalin (Mallory bodies) are hampered by the lack of a suitable animal model. In the present paper, the experimental production of hepatocellular hyalin identical with human alcoholic hyalin both light and electron microscopically in long term griseofulvin-treated mice is described. Moreover, the results conclusively disprove the specificity of Mallory alcoholic hyalin for alcohol-induced liver cell damage. PMID- 50499 TI - Immunology, tumor markers, and pancreatic cancer. PMID- 50500 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the lung: clinicopathological study. AB - A review of our 247 patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung revealed the overall five year survival rate to be only 0.81%. Lung resection offers the chance of cure if the lesion is peripherally located and without lymph node involvement. Direct chest wall invasion by tumor is not contraindication to surgery. Radiation therapy was not especially effective in our series. Several chemotherapeutic agents gave an overall response of 31.1%. PMID- 50501 TI - Further implications of a theory of immunity. PMID- 50502 TI - Complete atrioventricular canal associated with tetralogy of Fallot: clinical experience and operative methods. AB - Data on 8 children with the combined anomalies of complete atrioventricular canal and tetralogy of Fallot are presented. Six of the children had only a palliative procedure, and only 1 of these patients is doing relatively well at the present time from a clinical standpoint. Two of the remaining 5 children undergoing palliative procedures have not been helped significantly, and 3 of the children in this group subsequently died. Two children have had an attempted total correction of this complicated intracardiac problem. One of these children, in whom the diagnosis of atrioventricular canal was not made preoperatively, died in the early postoperative period. In the other child, the correct diagnosis was made preoperatively, and a satisfactory, totally corrective procedure was achieved. The patient is asymptomatic at this time. PMID- 50503 TI - Age-related refractoriness of PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation. II. 125-I PHA binding to spleen cells from young and old mice. AB - Using 125-I-labelled red kidney bean phytohemagglutinin (125-I-PHA), we have found that spleen cells from old BC3F1 mice bind this plant mitogen equally well, if not better, than spleen cells from young BC3F1 mice, although PHA-induced blastogenesis of spleen cells from old mice is sharply reduced. Analyes demonstrated that there is neither significant alteration of binding affinity nor decreased total number of membrane receptor sites for PHA in senescing mouse spleen cells. The amount of PHA which was initially bound to spleen cells in serum-free medium appeared to be insufficient for a subsequent full stimulation of blastogenesis ([3-H]thymidine incorporation) in either young or old mouse spleen cells; when washed free of unbound extracellular PHA and upon clutivation in serum-containing culture medium, spleen cells rapidly released more than 90% of the bound PHA. Also, temperatures which change cell membrane morphology played a significant role in the binding and retention of PHA. However, no difference was observed between young and old mouse spleen cells in all these phenomena of PHA-cell membrane interaction. PMID- 50504 TI - Influence of oestrogen on experimental pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli. AB - Strains of Escherichia coli isolated from patients with suspected pyelonephritis had a strong predilection for growth in kidney tissue. Viable bacterial counts in experimentally infected mice showed that after 96 hours approximately 98% of the total-body count was found in the kidney. Strains of E. coli isolated from cases of gastroenteritis in man and animals had little or no tendency to grow in the kidney. Treatment of male and female mice with oestrogen significantly enhanced the growth of "pyelonephritic" strains in the kidney, but had no effect of any kind on the growth of "gastroenteritis" strains. These preliminary results suggest that oestrogen may predispose to the development of kidney infection in the female and that there is an important link with the virulence of the E. coli concerned. Only those strains that have a natural predilection for growth in the kidney are likely to be influenced by oestrogen. PMID- 50505 TI - A controlled clinical trial of machine perfusion of cadaveric donor renal allografts. AB - Outcome in eighty-eight recipients of cadaveric donor renal allografts preserved before implantation by machine perfusion with a solution of human albumin was compared to that for eighty-three recipients of similar kidneys implanted after simple cold storage. Average total ischaemic intervals for machine-perfused and cold-stored kidneys were 18 and 4 1/4 hours, respectively. Machine-perfused kidneys were implanted regardless of perfusion characteristics. Initial function and 1-month and 1-year graft survivals for the machine-perfused group (58%, 85%, 68%, respectively) were either similar or improved compared to those of cold stored kidneys (58%, 81%, 52%, respectively). Improved 1-year survival for machine-perfused grafts was dependent upon reduced rejection. Careful donor selection and management ensured good machine perfusion of kidneys on 90% of occasions. In the other 10%, despite poor perfusion characteristics, outcome for kidneys was similar to those with good perfusion characteristics. Antilymphocyte globulin treatment reduced rejection whether allografts were machine perfused or not. In the absence of antilymphocyte globulin treatment, machine-perfused kidneys did much better than cold-stored kidneys. Machine perfusion had important advantages and improved the results in kidney-graft recipients. PMID- 50506 TI - Passovoy factor: A hitherto unrecognised factor necessary for haemostasis. AB - A moderate bleeding diathesis transmitted as an autosomal dominant was found in five members of four generations of the same family. The affected patients had prolonged partial thromboplastin-times and normal levels of all the known clotting-factors. The haemorrhagic diathesis was attributed to a deficiency of a hitherto unrecognised coagulation factor--i.e., the Passovoy facto. PMID- 50507 TI - Rauwolfia derivatives and breast cancer. A case/control study in Olmsted County, Minnesota. AB - In response to three reports of an association between rauwolfia derivatives and breast cancer, a case/control study was undertaken in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Comparison of a cohort of women with breast cancer to an age-match cohort of women with cholelithiasis failed to show any meaningful differences in the two groups except with respect to a history of hypertension. The rates of use of rauwolfia derivatives by hypertensive cases and controls were identical--which, along with other considerations, leads to the conclusion that an association between the use of rauwolfia derivatives and breast cancer is unlikely. PMID- 50508 TI - Matched-pairs study of reserpine use and breast cancer. AB - This paper reports on an analysis of psychiatric population. 55 female patients with breast cancer were matched with non-cancer patients on age, year of admission, psychiatric diagnosis, race, and religion. Reserpine use was examined for yearly use by each year preceding the diagnosis of breast cancer, by cumulative yearly use, and by other defined time periods. Regardless of the definition of reserpine user, there were no significant increased relative risks of breast cancer for those women on reserpine. There was a fairly low proportion of patients from each group who were on the drug in any given year, and a fairly wide range of total dosage received. Over half of the women used reserpine at some time during their hospital stay. PMID- 50509 TI - 25-Hydroxycholecaliferol and fractures of the proximal. AB - Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-H.C.C.) has been measured in 67 consective cases of fracture of the proximal femur. The values found in these patients were not different from values found in these patients were not different from those in control groups at the same time of the year. Plasma 25-H.C.C. was not correlated to plasma calcium or phosphorus, the Ca times P product, or the alkaline phosphatase. X-rays showed Looser zones in only 1 patient, in whom the lowest plasma 25-H.C.C. was found. Osteomalacia is not uncommon among elderly people in Denmark, but it is more likely to depend on a decline in the renal efficiency to convert 25-H.C.C. to 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol than a low dietary intake of vitamin D. PMID- 50510 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis during treatment with methydopa. AB - Retroperitoneeal fibrosis (R.P.F.) and a positive direct Coombs test developed in a patient who had received 1.4 kg. of alpha-methyldopa over a period of 5 years. Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated deposits of IgG, IgM, and IgA on the collagen fibres of the R.P.F. Biopsy speciments of the temporal artery, the right kidney, and the R.P.F. did not show signs of general arterial disease on light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Drugs which provoke autoimmunisation and interfere with nervous transmission are known to induce deposition of collagen or R.P.F. This suggests that R.P.F. in this patient was probably caused by alpha-methydopa. PMID- 50511 TI - Role of HBs Ab in development of hepatitis. AB - 24% of a healthy control population had antibody to hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAb) detectable by passive haemagglutination. The frequency was higher in other population groups in proportion to the intensity of contract with individuals or material positive for HBsAg. Data obtained during an outbreak of type-B hepatitis indicate that immunity to the disease is directly dependent on the titre of circulating HBsAb. A close relationship was found between the presence of HBsAb and liver dysfunction in carriers of HBsAg. This supports the hypothesis that immune response to the antigen may be necessary for the development of liver damage in type-B hepatitis. Nevertheless, since a good antibody response to HBsAg was found in uraemic patients, in whom hepatitis had a clinical course quite different from the population at large, it is thought that immune mechanisms other than the humoral response may account for the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 50512 TI - Increased sensitivity of platelets to adrenaline in human myotonic dystrophy. AB - Platelets from patients with myotonic dystrophy showed a normal pattern of aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate (A.D.P.) and collagen but were unusually sensitive to adrenaline, aggregation being detectable with adrenaline concentrations as low as 0.041 mumol per litre. In other diseases in which such sensitivity has been reported this has been accompanied by a similarly altered response to A.D.P. The increased platelet aggregation could be due to increased uptake of Ca++ by platelets or to a decrease in phosphorylation of the platelet membrane. PMID- 50513 TI - Nomogram for derivation of renal threshold phosphate concentration. PMID- 50514 TI - Editorial: The treatment of varicose veins. PMID- 50515 TI - Editorial: Rauwolfia and breast cancer. PMID- 50516 TI - The state of food and agriculture, 1974. PMID- 50517 TI - Editorial: Seat belts now. PMID- 50518 TI - Editorial: Abortion and money. PMID- 50519 TI - Editorial: Private practice in N.H.S. hospitals. PMID- 50521 TI - Editorial: Immoral earnings. PMID- 50520 TI - Editorial: Bovine tuberculosis and badgers. PMID- 50522 TI - Ill-health and child abuse. AB - Intensive therapeutic work with families, in which child abuse had occurred, suggested that bonding failure related in part to the pregnancy, perinatal experience, and early ill-health of the abused proband and parents. 25 consecutive unequivocally abused children who had 1 or more siblings were selected from our referrals. Six factors emerged as highly significantly over represented in the proband biography as compared with the control sibling group: abnormal pregnancy, abnormal labour or delivery, neonatal separation, other separation in the first six months, illnesses in the first year of life, and illness in the mother in first year of life. These data suggest that treatment of parents during pregnancy the perinatal period, and early infancy may well be fruitful in the prevention of child abuse. PMID- 50523 TI - Irritable-bowel syndrome with lactose intolerance. PMID- 50524 TI - Letter: Kidneys for transplantation. PMID- 50525 TI - Letter: Medical aid to developing countries. PMID- 50526 TI - Letter: Short-course triple chemotherapy for tuberculosis. PMID- 50527 TI - Letter: Test for reovirus-like agent. PMID- 50528 TI - Letter: Zinc and hair. PMID- 50529 TI - Letter: Ainhum. PMID- 50530 TI - Letter: Blood-alcohol and serum osmolality. PMID- 50532 TI - Letter: Embedded toenails. PMID- 50531 TI - Letter: Oral sucrose therapy for diarroea. PMID- 50533 TI - Letter: Antenatal diagnosis of neural-tube defects. PMID- 50534 TI - Letter: Milk intolerance and mainutrition. PMID- 50535 TI - Letter: Alternative policies for the elderly. PMID- 50536 TI - Letter: Infusion thrombophlebitis and various cannulas. PMID- 50537 TI - Letter: Nerve grafting in leprosy. PMID- 50538 TI - Letter: Prevention of postoperative thromboembolism. PMID- 50539 TI - Letter: Chloramphenicol eye-drops and marrow aplasia. PMID- 50540 TI - Letter: T-cell origin of acid-phosphatase-positive lymphoblasts. PMID- 50541 TI - Letter: Prothrombin-complex concentrates in liver disease. PMID- 50542 TI - Letter: Factor-VIII concentrate and hepatitis. PMID- 50543 TI - Letter: Blood-transfusion and prophylaxis against hepatitis. PMID- 50544 TI - Letter: Neural and muscular involvement in dystrophia myotonica. PMID- 50545 TI - Brain selsey Phillips. PMID- 50546 TI - Helen elizabeth anne farran. PMID- 50547 TI - Mohammad zia-ullah. PMID- 50548 TI - [Exploration of taste and smell. Results of a personal survey on a sample of Lille population]. PMID- 50549 TI - [New mass-produced apparatus]. PMID- 50550 TI - [Therapy of acute esophageal varices hemorrhage]. PMID- 50551 TI - Plasma estrone, prolactin, neurophysin, and sex steroid-binding globulin in chronic alcoholic men. AB - The feminization frequently observed in men with alcoholic liver disease has not been satisfactorily explained by existing reports. We have measured plasma estrone, prolactin, estrogen-stimulated neuorphysin, and sex steroid-binding globulin concentrations in 50 men with chronic alcoholism and varying degrees of alcoholic liver disease in an effort to further elucidate possible hormonal mechanisms responsible for the observed feminization. Plasma concentrations of each of these parameters were at least two-fold elevated (p smaller than or equal to 0.01) when compared to values obtained for the same steroid or protein in plasma obtained from normal men. The plasma concentrations of estrone and prolactin in men studied with synecomastia were significantly greater (p smaller than or equal to 0.01 and p smaller than or equal to 0.05, respectively) than were the concentrations of these two hormones in those without this physical sign. Similarly, those men with spider angiomata had significantly greater (p smaller than or equal to 0.01) plasma estrone levels than did the men without this cutaneous vascular abnormality. These significant hormone elevations may contribute to the pathogenesis of feminization so frequently observed in chronic alcoholic men. PMID- 50552 TI - Basic electron microscopy techniques for endocrine tissue. PMID- 50553 TI - [Fine needle aspiration biopsy of abdominal and retroperitoneal tumours under ultasonic guidance (author's transl)]. AB - In 94 patients with tumours of the abdomen or the retroperitoneal space detected by ultrasonography fine needle aspiration puncture was performed under ultrasonic control. The aspirated material was stained with Pappenheim's solution for cytological examination. In 86 patients the diagnosis was definitely established. Of 49 patients with malignant growths (liver 35, kidney 9, colon 2, subcutaneous tissue 2, pancreas 1) tumour cells were gained in 40. In 4 other pathients the cytological findings were suspicious of malignancy. In 37 patients with benign processes (liver 35, subcutaneous tissue 2) no false-positive diagnosis was made. Complications induced by the puncture, especially hemorrhage were not encountered. The combined ultrasonic-cytological examination is simple, fast, almost riskless and well-tolerated. It allows to avoid other more expensive methods to obtain tumour material which usually carry some risk. It is especially valuable as a screening method for malignant growth in the abdominal cavity and the retroperitoneum. PMID- 50554 TI - [The so-called inoperable rectal carcinoma. Simultaneously, a contribution to the prognosis of rectal carcinoma]. AB - Rectal cancer is quite easy to identify. Simple methods of investigations and early symptoms should allow a good prognosis. This is patholphysiologically supported by slow increasement and relatively late filialisation along long metastatic roads. Therefore it is to be regretted, that of 632 patients, suffering from rectal cancer in the years 1955-1970, 179 (28,3%) could not be treated on cure. Even palliative procedures had a postoperative mortality of 24,6%. This delay in early diagnose reduced the time of survival from 72% 2-jears survival, when operated on cure (see article) to 59,1% (see article), respectively from 52,1% 5-years-survival (see article) to 38,5% (see article). These results can be only improved by regular prophylactic examinations. PMID- 50555 TI - Mitomycin (Mutamycin). PMID- 50556 TI - [Proceedings: Combination of intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the management of maxillo-facial neoplasms]. PMID- 50557 TI - The induction of chromatid deletions in accord with the breakage-and-reunion hypothesis. AB - In the present experiments it has been possible to study large numbers of X-ray induced chromatid deletions, or breads, in Chinese hamster chromosomes and to discern whether or not a sister chromatid exchange also occurs at the point of breadage. Chromatid deletions are only infrequently associated with a sister chromatid exchange. This is contrary to the expectations derived from the exchange hypothesis of Revell. Pn the basis of this hypothesis, in which chromatid deletions are considered to be incomplete exchanges that occur in the necks of little loops in the chromosomes, 40% of the chromatid breaks are expected to be associated with sister chromatid exchanges. The present data are in accord with the conclusions drawn from the earlier autoradiographic experiments of HEDDLE AND BODYCOTE, and show that chromatide breaks can be accounted for on the basis of the breakage-and reunion hypothesis, with the majority being simple breaks and some being incomplete exchanges between two such breaks. PMID- 50558 TI - [Identification of metabolites and metabolism of hexachlorobenzene in a mold culture]. AB - Hexachlorobenzene is but slowly metabolized by a lindane-decomposing mould culture, only pentachlorobenzene being detected as a metabolite. The degradation of pentachlorobenzene yields the following metabolites: pentachlorophenol, 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5- and/or 1,2,3,5-tetrachlorobenzene, 2,3,4-trichlorophenol, 2,4,6 trichlorophenol, 3,4,5-trichlorophenol, 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene. The establishment of a degradation pattern is under way. PMID- 50559 TI - Two genes in the major histocompatibility complex control immune response. PMID- 50560 TI - Evidence for the induction of two antibodies with identical combining sites in outbred animals. PMID- 50561 TI - Detection of reverse transcriptase in human breast tumours with poly(Cm) oligo(dG). PMID- 50562 TI - Letter: Binding of 25-hydroxy vitamin D2 to plasma protein in New World monkeys. PMID- 50563 TI - Mouse T-cell surface glycoprotein recognised by heterologous anti-thymocyte sera and its relationship to Thy-1 antigen. PMID- 50564 TI - Binding of alpha-foetoprotein to murine T cells. PMID- 50565 TI - Hormonal regulation of alpha1 foetoprotein. PMID- 50566 TI - T-T interaction in the generation of helper cells in vitro. PMID- 50567 TI - Possible association of oncornavirus type D with some forms of human cancer. AB - The method of molecular hybridization of nucleic acids of oncornavirus type D produced by HEp2 cells with cellular nucleic acids was applied. No sequences homologous to the viral nucleic acids were found in normal human embryo cells as well as in bovine, porcine, murine, and chicken cells. No such sequences were found in tissues of malignant lymphomas. Sequences homologous to the viral nucleic acids were found in some cancer cells, predominantly in hormone associated tumors of females. PMID- 50568 TI - Molecular hybridization study of cells producing oncornaviruses type D. AB - Five human cell lines producing oncornaviruses type D were studied by the method of molecular hybridization of viral and cellular nucleic acids. Repeated sequences of viral genome equivalents were found in nuclear DNA and numerous copies of viral genome were found in the cytoplasm. The viruses produced by the cell lines were found to be identical or closely related as regards nucleotide sequences of their genomes. PMID- 50569 TI - Visceral radioisotopic lymphography of the testicle. AB - Scintigraphic studies made in 75 patients, respectively on 130 testicles with the aid of the organ radio-isotopic lymphography enabled to determine more exactly the location and the variety of the testicular lymph centers. It should be pointed out that in 58.5% of the patients the lymph centers are situated on the left of the middle line and only in 6.1% on the right. In some cases iliac lymph nodes were demonstrable. Attempts were made to use this method in investigation of the patients with malignant tumours of the testicles. PMID- 50570 TI - [Lymphocyte stimulation tests using measles and distemper virus antigens in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 50571 TI - [Serologic tests with the use of encephalitogenic protein in the diagnosis of multiple scerosis]. PMID- 50572 TI - [Serum neuraminic acid level in patients with cerebrovascular disorders]. AB - The authors determined the level of neuraminic acid in the serum of 50 patients with encephalomalacia and 25 patients with cerebral haemorrhages on the 1st, 3d and 7th days of the disease. Twenty healthy subjects served as controls. A statistically significant rise in the concentration of this substance was observed in both groups of patients throughout the whole period of observations. PMID- 50573 TI - Immunological specificity of antibodies to morphine and their effect on the electroencephalographic activity of morphine. PMID- 50574 TI - Effect of ethanol administration on axoplasmic flow in the brain. PMID- 50575 TI - [Sea-blue histiocytosis. I. Cytological study]. PMID- 50576 TI - [Sea-blue histiocytosis. II. Current status of the classification]. PMID- 50577 TI - [Clinico-hematological aspects of a case of sea-blue histiocytosis in an adult]. PMID- 50578 TI - [Case of sea-blue histiocytosis in a child in the Abruzzi]. PMID- 50579 TI - [Sea-blue histiocytosis. Histochemical study of a case with splenic localization]. PMID- 50580 TI - [A case of sporadic sea-blue histiocytosis]. PMID- 50582 TI - Editorial:The seal of the Medical Society of the state of New York. PMID- 50581 TI - [New drugs for the therapy of acute leukemia]. PMID- 50583 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein assay. Significance and clinical applications. PMID- 50584 TI - Inventory of surgical operations for cardiac structural sequels of myocardial infarction. Part II. PMID- 50585 TI - The peripheral odontogenic fibroma. AB - An extensive review of the English-language literature has produced only five undoubted cases of peripheral odontogenic fibroma. This article reports ten new cases. The age and sex of the patients and the distribution by site and histology of the lesions are compared with those of other cases of bifrous tumors and neoplasms of odontogenic origin. It is postulated that this lesion may be more closely related to the fibrous euplis than was previously realized. Both lesions show hyperplasia of the basal layer of the covering ipithelium into double strands resembling odontogenic epithelium. It is suggested that this hyperplasia may be related to induction of the covering epithelium by primitive ectomesenchymal remnants within the gingivae. Proliveration of odontogenic rests within the peripheral odontogenic frbroma may be related to the same stimulus. PMID- 50586 TI - Antigenic relationships between Candida albicans and various yeasts as reflected by immunoglobulin-class specificity. AB - A group of guinea pigs was inoculated into the foot pads with a single dose of Candida albicans in complete Freund's adjuvant, while another group was similarly inoculated once in the foot pads but also several times intramuscularly, with Candida alone. All guinea pigs were bled at different intervals after immunization and sera were separated chromatographically into IgG and IgM fractions. In order to study the antigenic relationships as reflected by immunoglobulin-class specificity, IgG and IgM fractions and whole sera obtained from guinea pigs differently immunized, were tested for the presence of agglutinins against C. albicans, six other species of Candida, and species of the ascosporogenous genera Saccharomyces, Kluyveromyces and Schizosaccharomyces. The results show that (1) only IgG fractions of the different sera prepared contained the specific anti-C. albicans antibodies; (2) IgG and IgM fractions of the sera obtained from a single inoculation did not reveal a specific pattern expressing antigenic relationships of the yeast studied, and (3) the IgM fractions of the sera obtained from several inoculations had a more homogenous pattern of reactivity, since mainly these contained the agglutinins against the ascosporogenous yeast species. PMID- 50587 TI - [Ligation of the hepatic artery for metastases from a carcinoid tumor]. AB - Following ligature of the hepatic artery in the treatment of hepatic metastases of a carcinoid tumour of the small bowel, the authors noted a spectacular regression in functional symptoms. Several similar cases are recorded in the literature and similar findings given. The comfort, even though short-lived, which ligation brings justifies its use. PMID- 50589 TI - Nurse-patient communication in surgery. PMID- 50588 TI - Hybridization of pigeon globin messenger RNA with complementary DNA synthesized in vitro by reverse transcription: influence of the homopolymeric regions. AB - The kinetics of hybridization of pigeon globin messenger RNA with complementary cDNA synthesized by means of AMV reverse transcriptase is complex. Addition of poly A or poly U in excess to the reaction mixture normalized the kinetics. It is concluded that association of the complementary homopolymeric regions of mRNA and cDNA accelerates the complex formation between heteropolymeric sequences in a fraction of the molecules. PMID- 50590 TI - Nursing care study: prostate gland enlargement. PMID- 50591 TI - Care of the cardiothoracic patient. Nursing opportunities. PMID- 50592 TI - Nursing care following mitral valve replacement. PMID- 50593 TI - Further education for the mentally handicapped. PMID- 50595 TI - Manual handling in industry. 1. PMID- 50594 TI - Assessing the handicapped child. PMID- 50596 TI - [Surface receptors in human lymphocytes]. PMID- 50597 TI - Fractionation of protein mixtures through differential adsorption on a gradient of substituted agaroses of increasing hydrophobicity. AB - Data are presented which indicate the feasibility of protein fractionation at high salt concentrations (greater than or equal to 3 M NaLl) through differential hydrophobic (non-ionic) adsorption on a series of columns of agaroses substituted with ligands of increasing hydrophobicity. By means of such a hydrophobicity gradient of connected columns, separation of mixtures of gamma-globulin and serum albumin, as well as group separation of proteins in dialyzed human blood serum, has been achieved. PMID- 50598 TI - The neuraminidase yield-reduction bioassay of human other interferons. AB - The production of neuraminidase by the recombinant influenza virus X7(F1) in human monkey, rabbit, hamster, mouse, and chicken cell cultures is inhibited by interferon. Described is a new enzyme assay for neuraminidase that can be applied to the bioassay of interferons. The advantages of this interferon bioassay are its sensitivity, reproducibility, rapidity, and convenience. PMID- 50599 TI - Immunological tolerance. PMID- 50600 TI - Antigen recognition in induction of immunity. PMID- 50601 TI - Antigenic competition. PMID- 50602 TI - Biochemical effects of bleomycin A2 on Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells. AB - Purified nucleolar DNA was markedly degraded at a concentration of 13 mug/ml by bleomycin A2; bleomycin concentrations 20-30 times greater were required to degrade nucleoplasmic DNA. Whole nuclear DNA was degraded to only a small extent at 13 mug/ml but was markedly degraded at higher bleomycin concentrations. Treatment of the various types of DNA with high concentrations of bleomycin A2 produced low molecular weight (approximately 6S) fragments that were no longer sensitive to degradation by bleomycin A2. Hybridization studies demonstrated a loss of ribosomal DNA sequences from nucleolar DNA treated with bleomycin A2 in vitro. Studies on RNA synthesis in Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells in vitro showed there was a decreased uptake of 32Pi into high molecular weight nuclear RNA in the presence of bleomycin A2. These results indicate that nucleolar function is inhibited by a direct effect of bleomycin A2 on nucleolar DNA. PMID- 50603 TI - Posttranslational protein modifications, with special attention to collagen and elastin. AB - It is apparent that significant progress has been made in our understanding of the biosynthesis, modifications, and maturation of collagen and elastin. We now recognize and partially understand special reactions involved in hydroxylations within the cell and complex cross-linking processes occurring outside the cell. Recent experiments (191) have shown that in human diploid fibroblast cultures of limited doubling potential (191) the hydroxylation of collagen prolyl residues appears to be "age" or passage-level dependent. With increasing passage level of these cultures, both the ascorbate requirements and the extent of collagen hydroxylation decrease. "Young" cell cultures have a strong requirement for complete hydroxylation and without ascorbate there is only about 50% of the normal level. "Middle-aged" cultures show higher hydroxylation without and full hydroxylation with ascorbate, whereas "old" (or cultures close to "senescence") are incapable of full hydroxylation with or without ascorbic acid. Although the overall system may show some deterioration with increasing passage levels, it appears that with increasing passage levels other components in the cell replace the ascorbate dependence of the hydroxylase system to a greater exten. In some ways, aging WI-38 cultures begin to resemble some transformed cells in their biochemical reactions, although they continue to remain diploid and eventually lose the ability to replicate. It is not yet known whether old animals can produce collagen, which may now be underhydroxylated, perhaps contributing to certain senescent changes. Careful examination of the hydroxylation index of collagen produced in organoid cultures of tissue biopsies as a function of donor age might be informative, particularly if one looks at the quality of collagen by employing collagenase and other proteolytic digests with collagen (191). One could comare the levels of frequent and characteristic peptide triplet sequences such as Gly-Pro-Hyp to Gly-Pro-Pro, Gly-Ala-Hyp to Gly-Ala-Pro, or Gly-Pro-Hyl to Gly-Pro-Lys and others for evaluation of hydroxylation throughout the entire molecule or at selected sequences. PMID- 50604 TI - Secretory and structural changes in the parotid salivary gland of sheep and lambs after parasympathetic denervation. AB - The effect of the parasympathetic nerve supply on the development of the parotid gland in the immature lamb and its maintenance in the adult sheep has been investigated by unilateral postganglionic denervation. Seventy-seven to ninety three days after denervation secretory activity of the gland was examined and material taken for histological examination. The adult denervated glands secreted at lower rates than the innervated and their atropine-resistant secretory flow was reduced to as low as one fifth of that of the innervated glands. In two lambs an atropine-resistant flow did not develop in the denervated glands: in another two, flows of saliva from the denervated glands were present but were much less than in the contralateral innervated glands. After denervation glands were, with one exception, smaller than the contralateral innervated glands. The acinar cells of the denervated adult and lamb glands were smaller than the cells of the innervated glands but similar in size to those of 7-14 day old unoperated control lambs. Acinar cells in denervated glands had periodic acid Schiff staining material but the staining reaction to pyronin-methyl green was similar in the innervated and denervated. The results indicate that the integrity of the parasympathetic innervation is essential for the development of the parotid gland of the sheep and for its maintenance in the adult animal. PMID- 50605 TI - Hepatic complications of antituberculous therapy. AB - Drug hepatitis occurred in 0-32 per cent of 7492 patients receiving antituberculous therapy, while the overall incidence of drug reactions was estimated at 9 per cent. PAS was the most common cause of drug hepatitis among the 38 patients analysed. The clinical, biochemical and haematological picture of antituberculous drug hepatitis was found to be fairly uniform. However, the patients with definite PAS hepatitis had lower SGOT values than those in whom there was uncertainty whether PAS or INH was implicated. Premonitory symptoms were present in all but four patients before the onset of jaundice. One or more of the features associated with dry hypersensitivity reactions, such as fever, rashes, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, leucocytosis, eosinophilia and atypical monocytes were present in 89 per cent of cases so that confusion with viral hepatitis seldom arose. Sensitization time was less than three months in all except three patients, who were considered to be suffering from viral hepatitis. While no patients with PAS hepatitis died, the overall mortality was 17 per cent. A review of the literature stresses the frequency of asymptomatic elevations of SGOT, the value of clinical surveillance during the early months of therapy and the importance of stopping all therapy immediately warning symptoms appear. PMID- 50606 TI - [Glomerular proteinuria]. PMID- 50607 TI - [Tubular proteinuria (electrophoretic studies and properties of the microglobulins)]. AB - The electrophoretic study of tubular proteinuria, carried out on the acrylamide agarose electrophoresis, shows various patterns of tubular proteinuria characterized by low molecular weight proteins: alpha2-microglobulin, beta2 microglobulin and post gamma. The immunoprotidologic study of the microglobulins is difficult since they have a similar molecular weight. The zonal acrylamide agarose electrophoresis allows the isolation of beta2m and post gamma. Recent studies suggest a number of hypothesis on the function of the microglobulins. PMID- 50608 TI - [Methods of qualitative detection of proteinuria in mass surveys]. AB - In a survey of the qualitative methods of research into proteinuria, the Authors recall, apart from later modifications, the old techniques based on the occurrence of turbidity from precipitation of proteins obtained with heat and/or by the use of various anionic reagents. Particular attention is given to the rapid tests with paper strip based on the phenomenon of error made by indicators in the presence of protein solutions. Their sensitivity, their specificity and above all the fact that their use is unbeatably practical are discussed, both on the basis of data derived from other studies and on the basis of various personal observations. From the latter, the Authors deduce and demonstrate the substantial constancy in the behaviour of various types of paper strip test, even those produced in different periods and by different manufacturers; how the data obtained with these various papers can be compared with the best modern methods of measuring turbidity; and the different sensitivities of the papers with various types of proteins such as albumins, globulins and in particular immunoglobulinic micromolecular fragments. Finally, they show that falsely positive reactions in alkaline urines because of ammoniacal fermentation cannot be ascribed to the increase of pH, but rather directly to an excess of ammonium ions. After having remarked that tests with paper strip have to a large extent taken the place of classical methods, more for obvious reasons of expediency than for any real qualitative superiority, the Authors maintain that it is advisable, though only in border-line cases, to make a routine check with one of the traditional methods in order to screen genuine cases of proteinuria. PMID- 50609 TI - [Determination of urinary total proteins and some protein fractions]. AB - In unconcentrated specimens measurements have been made of total proteins, by DOETSCH gel-filtration method, and of albumin, transferrin and of alpha-2 macroglobulin, by LAURELL electroimmunodiffusion technique. The results confirm that the gel-filtration method provides specific, reliable measurement of proteins in amount as little as 50 mg/1. The proteinuria of 21 samples of urine has been determined by the DOETSCH method and by the biuret method after protein precipitation by perchloric, trichloracetic and phosphotungstic acid. Only the use of phosphotungstic acid as precipitant provides a good correlation of results between the biuret method and the direct gel-filtration-biuret method. LAURELL electroimmunodiffusion technique was improved to allow the determination of 5 mg/1 of albumin, and transferrin, and of 1 mg/1 of alpha-2-macroglobulin. The AA. emphasize the advantages of using sensitive methods which do not require the preliminary concentration of the sample, for the analysis of urinary proteins. PMID- 50610 TI - [Effect of ultraviolet and roentgen rays on chromophore groups of proteins in solution]. PMID- 50611 TI - Evaluation of rapid radiation treatment schedules utilizing two treatment sessions per day. AB - The authors studied normal human skin reactions to two different rapid radiotherapy schedules of 2 sessions per day and evaluated their effectiveness in relief of pain and local tumor control. Patients were randomized to three treatment groups: SCHEDULE A (control): conventional one treatment per day regimen totalling 3,760 rads in 22-23 days; SCHEDULE B: 2 sessions per day totalling 3,440 rads in 10-11 days; and SCHEDULE C: 2 sessions per day totalling 3,568 rads in 10-11 days. The pattern and magnitude of skin reactions in the three schedules are nearly identical but tumor regression and pain relief were achieved faster in the rapid fractionation schedules. PMID- 50612 TI - [Immunotherapy of neoplasms. Part I - Assumptions (author's transl)]. PMID- 50613 TI - Inability of Ni++ and Co++ to release histamine from rat peritoneal mast cells. AB - Ni++ and Co++ concentrations from 10 minus 3M to 10 minus 6M were added to rat peritoneal mast cells. These metal ions, at the concentrations indicated, did not cause histamine release from the mast cells, and did not inhibit the histamine release mediated by compound 48/80. On the basis of these studies, anaphylactoid edema of the rat following injection of i++ or Co++ is on a basis other than a direct effect of the m-tal ion on mast cells. PMID- 50614 TI - Differential inhibition of rat liver sialyltransferase(s) by various aflatoxins and their metabolites. AB - Sialyltransferase(s) activity [CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid:glycoprotein sialyltransferase(s) E.C. 2.4.99.1] was assayed using asialofetuin as a substrate in a total microsomal fraction obtained from rat liver. Rats pretreated with phenobarbital or methylcholanthrene demonstrated a decrease in membrane bound sialyltransferase(s) activity of 27% and 18%,respectively. Microsomes prepared from phenobarbital treated rats were incubated in vitro with aflatoxins B1, B2, B2a, G1, or G2 in the presence or absence of an NADPH generating system. Following this treatment the microsomes were reisolated, washed and assayed for sialyltransferase(s) activity. Aflatoxin B1 and B2a inhibited sialyltransferase(s) by 46% and 55%, respectively, while aflatoxin G1 inhibited sialyltransferase(s) by 54%. Aflatoxins B2 and G2 were only slightly inhibitory. It is proposed that the enzyme inhibition caused by these various aflatoxins is due to binding of these agents to the membranes resulting in a local disruption of the membrane and a change in enzyme conformation. PMID- 50615 TI - Reaginic antibody in cattle hypersensitised by foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. AB - The passive cutaneous anaphylaxis test (PCAT) in calves and goats was used to demonstrate reaginic antibody in the sera of cattle which had shown anaphylaxis following injection with foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. A period of two or three days between the intracutaneous injection of test sera and the intracutaneous or intravenous challenge with components of vaccine was found to be satisfactory. Positive reactions were obtained in calves for up to 49 days but many goats failed to react after eight days. The PCAT had a high degree of reproducibility within any one test animal, but a marked variation was found between individual test animals. PMID- 50616 TI - Induction of hypersensitivity to carboxymethylcellulose in cattle. AB - Cattle were more readily sensitised than guinea pigs to carboxymethylcellulose. Freund's complete adjuvant enhanced, but was not essential for, sensitisation. Schultz-Dale responses were obtained from pulmonary tissues of sensitised cattle but their sera failed to induce passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. Cattle could possibly be sensitised by carboxymethylcellulose contained in drug formulations. PMID- 50617 TI - [Cause and treatment of hydrocephalus in newborns and infants]. AB - The history and classification of the various types of hydrocephalus are outlined and the mechanisms as well as causes of infantile hydorcephalus are discussed. Acoording to aetiology the possible operative treatments are described and special mention is made of ventriculocardiac shunting with its indications, advantages and complications. Finally, the results that may be expected from operative treatment of infantile hydrocephalus are studied and the neuropsychological aspect is emphasized. PMID- 50618 TI - Reiter's disease and the histocompatibility antigen, HL-A 27. AB - HL-A27 were found in 31 of 48 patients with Reiter's disease (65%) as compared with 8% of 2 103 health controls. It is suggested that HL-A27 is closely related to the inheritance of a special immune response leading to an increased susceptibility to a special type of reactive arthritis which Reiter's disease has in common with ankylosing spondylitis and a certain type of psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 50619 TI - Symphysial changes in rheumatoid arthritis. A microradiographical and histological study. AB - Autopsied pubic symphyses of 10 male and 10 female non-rheumatoid subjects and of 11 subjects with RA were studied. Osteo-arthritic changes were common in all elderly symphyses. This caused changes in the structure of the end plates and trabeculae. Some non-rheumatoid samples showed changes suggestive of erosion, but no evidence of inflammation. At microradiography the erosions seen in rheumatoid symphyses differed from the controls due to a lack of reactive sclerosis in the surrounding bone, although true inflammation was seen histologically in only two cases. PMID- 50620 TI - [Treatment of rhythm disorders following acute heart infarction using a beta receptor blockader (Visken)]. AB - In a group of 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction and ectopic ventricular or atrial beats or tachycardia, the effect of Visken has been tested by means of 3 i.v. injections of 0.4 mg each at intervals of 15 min. The results showed that Visken has a good effect on these rhythm disturbances and can be administered without danger, provided due regard is had to the contraindications. Beta-blockade is especially indicated when the sinus rate is raised and the conventional antiarrhythmic drugs have proved ineffective. PMID- 50621 TI - Central projection of optic tract from translocated eyes in the leopard frog (Rana pipiens). AB - In Rana pipiens embryos, eye anlagen were moved to the evacuated ear position, where they continued to differentiate and sent their optic nerve fibers into the hindbrain. Upon entering the medulla, the optic fibers turned caudally, penetrated the spinal cord, and traversed the dorsolateral white matter to the caudal end. We found this pattern of growth in every animal; the optic fibers did not enter the tecta. These results suggest the existence within the neural tube of a three-dimensional gradient system to which embryonic optic fibers are responsive and which may guide the normal development of the visual pathway. PMID- 50622 TI - Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus: a critical review. PMID- 50623 TI - Clinical aspects of invasive carcinoid tumors. AB - In a retrospective study at the University of Louisville Affiliated Hospitals, 42 patients with carcinoid tumors not arising in the anorectal area were identified in ten years (1962-1972). The ileum was the organ most frequently involved with primary tumor (28%). The nonappendiceal gastrointestinal tumors were multiple in 28%, metastatic in 66%, and associated with a second malignancy in 25%. Of the symptomatic small-bowel tumors, 83% were metastatic at the time of diagnosis. Carcinoid syndrome was observed in only two patients, both of whom had liver metastases and elevated urinary 5-HIAA levels. Resections for cure were done on 25 patients, palliative resections on six, and biopsy on six. Six tumors were from autopsy meterial. Among the 24 patients treated and followed up for five years, the survival rate was only 16%. In those patients having resection for cure, the five-year survival rate was 39%, exculding appendiceal tumors. The advanced stage of disease at time of discovery and the dismal prognosis for invasive carcinoids are contrary to many clinicians' impressions of the nature of carcinoid tumors but entirely consistent with several other recent reports (James Ewing Society meeting, April 1973). PMID- 50624 TI - Peritoneal mesothelioma presenting as an adnexal mass. AB - A case of primary peritoneal mesothelioma which presented clinically as an adnexal mass is reviewed. Difficulties in diagnosis and factors affecting prognosis are discussed. Operation to remove as much of the tumor as possible, followed by irradiation therapy, is suggested as a worthwhile approach to improving chances for cure or palliation. PMID- 50625 TI - Should he have an operation? PMID- 50626 TI - Acute biochemical and histological effects of portacaval shunt in the normal rat. AB - In previous studies of rats with portacaval shunts, elevated gamma-globulin levels 2 weeks after shunt were attributed to antibodies to bacterial lipopolysaccharide, which were normally filtered by the liver. This study was designed to determine the tempo of this rise and the magnitude of hepatocellular damage within the first 4 days of the operation. Acute reversible hepatocellular damage was shown by elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase which returned to normal within 48 hours. This was confirmed on histology. There was no rise in gamma-globulin during this study but levels of albumin were better maintained in shunted rats than in sham-operated rats. Levels of alpha2 and beta-globulin in the former fell in comparison with the latter animals. PMID- 50627 TI - Immunoglobulin preparations. PMID- 50628 TI - Solitary myeloma. A study of 10 black patients during an 8-year period. AB - Solitary myeloma of bone occurred in 10 Black patients during the 8-year period from 1967 to 1974. In 4 patients, the solitary myeloma involved the bones of the paranasal sinuses, in 3 patients the pelvis, and in 3 others the manubrium sterni. An IgG monoclonal gammopathy was present in the serum of 4 patients and Bence-Joanes proteinuria was found in 1 patient. Radiation therapy was the treatment of choice and the recommended tumour dosage is 4000-5000 rads. Serial measurements of serum and urine protein electrophoresis and immuno electrophoresis were most helpful in determining when patients had achieved a complete remission. In 3 patients, 1 of whom died, the myeloma disseminated in periods varying from 26 months to 7 years. Nine patients are alive, of whom 7 are in complete remission, and 5 have lived for more than 5 years since the initial diagnosis of solitary myeloma. PMID- 50630 TI - [Oral diaclinic--a new concept for better oral health]. PMID- 50629 TI - Effects of antineoplastic agents on wound healing in mice. AB - The influence of antineoplastic agents on wound healing was evaluated in an experimental model employing surgical incisions in the skin of mice. A single injection in the therapeutic dose range of various clinically active antitumor agents was administered immediately following operation and the breaking strength of skin wounds was measured 3, 7, and 21 days later. Vincristine and methotrexate decreased wound strength at 3 days but not on days 7 or 21. Actinomycin D interfered with early phases of wound healing and had less effect on later phases. Treatment with bleomycin had no effect on wound strength at days 3 or 21 but prevented an increase in wound strength from day 3 to day 7; 1,3-bis(2 choroethyl)-1-nitrosurea (BCNU) decreased wound strength at all time points after operation, whereas 5-Fluorouracil had no significant effect at any time. The presence of a large tumor mass had no direct effect on wound strength nor did it modify the effect on wound strength of an antineoplastic agent, cyclophosphamide. These findings are discussed, taking into account the experimental and clinical literature on the effects of antitumor drugs on wound healing. PMID- 50631 TI - [Oral "diaclinic". Oral diagnosis at the "oral diaclinic"]. PMID- 50632 TI - A study on HL-A system in Japanese. AB - Two hundred unrelated Japanese individuals were HL-A typed with UCLA Research Tray T3 (Terasaki's Tray), which contains specificities added after the Fifth International Workshop. Phenotype, gene and haplotype frequencies were calculated with standard errors and delta values. HL-A9, HL-A5 and W10 had a higher frequency and HL-A1, 3 and 8 had a lower frequency in Japanese than in Caucasians. The frequent haplotypes were HL-A9-HL-A5, HL-A9-HL-A7 and HL-A2W10. HL-A9-HL-A5 showed very positive high linkage disequilibrium parameter (delta value) and HL-A9-W10 showed negative high value. The sera designated as anti-HL A, W5 and W15 in the T3 Tray which react identically in Caucasians showed different patterns of reaction when tested in the Japanese population. Five hundred Japanese parous women's sera were tested for cytotoxic antibodies. Some Japanese antisera showed high correlation coefficient values on HL-A2, HL-A9, HL A10, HL-A11 and HL-A12. The women providing the anti-HL-5 complex sera and their immunizing persons were HL-A typed. These complex sera reactions were compared with the antisera in the T3 Tray. A new group of sera (SN-1), "operationally monospecific" and cross-reacting with W22, was found in the present study. Population and family studies suggested that the sera SN-1 are third in frequency within the second series (phenotypic frequency 17-22%) and show high delta values with HL-A11 in the Japanese population. PMID- 50633 TI - HL-A antigen frequencies in myeloma. AB - The frequency of HL-A antigens was determined in 63 myeloma patients and in 83 normal subjects. HL-A5 was more frequent among patients (15.9%) than among controls (3.6%). This association was significant at the 0.05 level, but the significance did not survive multiplication by the number of antigens under study. The relationship of these findings to previous work on myeloma is discussed, together with the problems of defining components of the 4c antigenic group. PMID- 50634 TI - Third HL-A segregant series: genetic analysis and molecular independence on lymphocyte surface. AB - Five sera which detect two alleles of the third HL-A locus (T2 and T4) are described. Statistical analysis of a panel of 220 donors gave gene frequencies in a French Parisian population which are comparable to the results of Scandinavian authors. Segregation observed in 50 families emphasized the linkage disequilibrium with SD2 alleles. T1 was found to be associated with one part of W22 (Da30) and T3 with the other part non-Da30). No recombination was observed between SD2 and SD3, and the distance between these two loci can be estimated at less than 0.0042 U. Differential capping experiments showed that redistribution of SD3 antigens did not affect the SD2 or SD1 products, indicating that they are borne on the cell surface by independent structures. Moreover, capping of SD1, SD2 and SD3 antigens did not provoke complete redistribution of beta2microglobulin which suggests that not all beta2M molecules are linked to HL A antigens. PMID- 50635 TI - Direct cell mediated lympholysis. A test of allograft-rejection in human kidney recipients. AB - In kidney transplanted patients a clear coincidence was observed between clinical signs of allograft rejection and the presence in the peripheral blood of killer cells able to lyse either PHA lymphoblasts from the actual donor or selected unrelated individuals. In recipients with non-immunological complications such as leakage on the graft ureter or primary anuria caused by renal ischaemia, no cellular cytotoxicity against specific or selected target cells was observed. The specificity of this Cell Mediated Lympholysis in two of the cases reported could not be explained by the serologically detectable HL-A antigens, indicating the existence of other determinants of importance for the killing capability of in vivo produced effector cells. PMID- 50636 TI - Low HL-A2 frequency and periodontitis. AB - The frequency of HL-A2 was significantly low (21%) in patients with periodontitis when compared to controls who were free of periodontal disease (61%). The effect was most pronounced in females in whom HL-A2 was present in 12.5% (2 out of 16). This finding suggests that genes controlling susceptibility to microbial agents may be linked to the HL-A LOCUS. PMID- 50637 TI - Editorial. PMID- 50638 TI - Descriptive serological analysis. PMID- 50639 TI - Inclusion analysis of Fifth Histocompatibility Testing Workshop sera in 25 populations. PMID- 50640 TI - Detailed numerical analysis of serological data from the Fifth International Histocompatibility Workshop. PMID- 50641 TI - A reassessment of the HL-A system in Khoisan populations of South West Africa. PMID- 50642 TI - Further analysis of HL-A antigens and antibodies in West Indians (population 191). PMID- 50643 TI - An analysis of the 4c complex of HL-A based on Indian populations. AB - Sera detecting part or all of the 4c group of HL-A antigenic specificities were compared in two American Indian populations, the Ixils and the Pimas, and in one Spanish-Indian hybrid population, the Mestizos of Peru. Several new variants appeared. These were not identical to HL-A5, W5 or W18. Two of the variants appeared to represent specificities Z57 and Z51 as described during the 1972 Histocompatibility Testing Workshop. In addition, three new specificities could be detected. These were Z42, Ao88 and Ao93. Z42, Ao88 appeared to belong to the 4c complex and Ao93, a new specificity of the second locus, may belong to this same cross-reactive group. PMID- 50644 TI - Serological analysis of the Fifth International Histocompatibility Workshop antisera. PMID- 50645 TI - An inclusion analysis for studying HL-A specificities. AB - INCLAN (Inclusion analysis) is a computer program which provides a systematic search for the subtypic variants of a given serological specificity. This routine was found especially useful for the HL-A serology whose complexity often needs automatic displays. A detailed description of its structure is presented in this note. PMID- 50646 TI - Typing for MLC determinants using lymphocytes from cousin-marriage offspring as typing cells. AB - A first cousin marriage family with three children was studied. One sibling (AW) was homozygous for W32.W10. When used as stimulator in one way MLC, AW elicited a very low response in family members possessing this haplotype. Serologically identical sibling and father combination showed bidirectional non-stimulation in one way MLC. Therefore, AW is assumed to be homozygous not only for SD antigens, but also for LD determinants which we call LD W10a. Among the 43 unrelated individuals tested with AW, an association between LD W10a and W10 antigen of the second HL-A locus was observed. Of 12 W10 positive individuals tested, five carry this allele as compared to one out of 31 W10 negative individuals. The data suggest a strong linkage disequilibrium between the FOUR locus determinant W10 and LD determinant LD W10a. PMID- 50647 TI - HL-A antigens in a Chinese population. AB - The HL-A antigens of a Chinese population now living on the island of Taiwan have been investigated with reagents obtained from and characterized in Caucasian populations and with antisera obtained from Chinese multiparous women. Both HL A2, the most frequent specificity found, and HL-A9 appear highly heterogeneous in this Chinese population since groups of antisera used to define HL-A2 or 9 in Caucasians gave discordant reactions. Moreover, new associations were found using chi-square and cluster analyses, further demonstrating the complexity of HL-A in this Taiwanese population. Fourteen % of 1183 Chinese multipara sera and 237 sera from multiple tranfused individuals were lymphocytotoxic and could be placed by cluster analysis into three major groups. PMID- 50648 TI - Splitting of antigen H-2.9 and mapping of its genetic determinants. PMID- 50649 TI - LD typing in man using cells frozen and stored in microtiter plates. AB - A method of freezing LD typing cells in microtiter plates was developed. Two times 10(5) lymphocytes in a small volume (15 mul) with a low DMSO concentration (5%) were directly frozen in a --70 degrees C freezer. These cells were used in the mixed lymphocyte culture after thawing by diluting step-by-step with serum and culture medium without washing. The kinetics obtained with cells frozen in microtiter plates were comparable to those with fresh cells. Typing for LD determinants was performed in a group of unrelated persons in a family study using the LD homozygous reference cell Pi frozen in microtiter plates. PMID- 50650 TI - Mechanisms for the biodegradation of organic mercury compounds: the action of ascorbate and of soluble proteins. PMID- 50651 TI - Alteration of induced cellular and humoral immune responses by pesticides and chemicals of environmental concern: quantitative studies of immunosuppression by DDT, aroclor 1254, carbaryl, carbofuran, and methylparathion. PMID- 50652 TI - Plasma diethylstilboestrol binding proteins of rat, mouse and man in the course of development: relations with the binding of estradiol. AB - High diethylstilboestrol (DES) binding has been demonstrated in fetal and adult sera from man, rat and mouse by equilibrium dialysis and electrophoretic techniques. In the adults of the three species and in the human fetus only albumin shows an elevated binding capacity for DES. By contrast, in the case of rat and mouse embryos there are two proteins, namely albumin and alpha fetoprotein, which afford major and quantatively similar contributions to the binding. Human alpha-fetoprotein does not bind DES. These phenomena are analysed in relation to the estrogen binding characteristics of the alpha-fetoproteins of the three species. PMID- 50653 TI - Pathological studies on the intracerebral and retinal arteries in cerebrovascular and noncerebrovascular diseases. AB - Histological examinations of the intracerebral and retinal arteries were preformed in patients who had cerebrovascular disease and in those cases who did nott. Fibrinoid degeneration, fibrous nodule, and splitting, which are most frequently found in putamen, thalamus and pons, are thought to be the main changes in cerebral hemorrhage and infarction. Fibrous and fibro-hyalinoid thickenings of the retinal arteries were found mainly in the neighboring region of the optic disk, which reflects the changes of the intracerebral arteries. Hyalinoid thickening was found in the ora serrata, which does not reflect the changes of the intracerebral arteries. Our results suggest that patients with these retinal artery changes in the region near the optic disk if moderate to severe have an increased risk of having or incurring cerebral hemorrhage and infarction, but the arterial changes in the ora serrata do not always indicate risk of cerebral hemorrhage and infarction. PMID- 50654 TI - Association of beta-2-microglobulin and HL-A in the cell membrane. A general property in human cells? AB - To study whether the recently reported close association of beta-2-microglobulin and HL-A determinants is restricted to lymphocyte membranes or might be a more general property, experiments were performed where normal and malignant human cells were tested for coaggregation-capping of the two determinants. The normal cells were fibroblasts and the epithelial cells were from skin. The turmor cell lines were HeLa clone S3 carcinoma cells and National Collection of Type Cultures strain 3075, which is a line of malignant human skin cells. The cells were double stained with fluorescein-labelled conjugates to demonstrate the reaction of anti HL-A and anti-beta-2-microglobulin with the respective cell membrane components. Aggregation and capping of the HL-A and beta-2-microglobulin determinants in the cell membrane were always observed after incubation at 37 C for 30 min. The red and green fluorescence were always superimposed when anti-beta-2-microglobulin was used in the first (aggregating) incubation step. This demonstrates that the HL-A and beta-2-microglobulin determinants are also associated in the cell membrane of cells other than lymphocytes. PMID- 50655 TI - Allogeneic radiation chimeras. Long-term studies. AB - Lethally irradiated mice protected with allogeneic fetal liver cells or with syngeneic or allogeneic marrow and spleen cells treated with antisera to mouse immunoglobulins or to the T cell-associated theta antigen and their controls were observed for up to 750 days. The best survival rates were found in the large groups given syngeneic marrow and spleen or allogeneic fetal liver cells (70-85% 700-day survival); in contrast, 43% of the group injected with allogeneic cells treated with anti-theta serum and 19% of those given antiimmunoglobulin-treated cells were alive 700 days postradiation. Pulmonary infection was the most frequent cause of death of long-term survivors in all groups. Tumor incidence was increased in recipients of allogeneic cells (13% versus 4% among syngeneic chimeras), but the renal pathology seen in these groups was no greater than that noted in the syngeneic controls. Beginning 600 days after irradiation, mice from experimental and control groups were killed and their spleens were cultured with thymus-dependent antigens and the mitogens concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide, Escherichia coli. The most frequent finding in all groups was mild to moderate impairment of T cell-dependent responses. PMID- 50656 TI - Ir-associated murine alloantigens. Serological and chemical definition of Ia specificities associated with the H-2-b haplotype. AB - Strains bearing recombinant H-2 haplotypes with known positions of recombination have been used to demonstrate antibodies reacting with Ia antigens associated with the H-2-b haplotype in several H-2 antisera. Two new Ia specificities, Ia.8 and Ia.9, both determined by genes in the Ir-1A subregion, have thus been defined, and the strain distribution of these specificities has been determined. Immunoprecipitation of radio-labeled membrane antigens has been used to characterize Ia.9 and to distinguish it chemically from Ia.7 in a membrane preparation from a strain possessing both specificities. PMID- 50657 TI - Donor HL-A incompatibility and lymphocytotoxic antibody response in human renal allotransplantation. AB - When 81 recipients of primary renal allografts were examined for the influence of donor HL-A incompatibilities (DIC) on the survival of allografts, an association was found between greater DIC and not only an increased loss of allografts in the 1st year, but also a decreased survival of transplants in the subsequent years. However, three allografts with no DIC were rejected, whereas nine others with three to four imcompatibilities have functioned well for 1-5 years. A surprisingly high proportion (52%) of 81 renal allograft recipients produced lymphocytotoxic antibodies which lack HL-A specificity but apparently detect a polymorphic antigenic system on normal human lymphocytes. Only three patients who rejected the allografts made detectable circulating antibodies specific to DIC. However, when patients received grafts with fewer DIC, there was a greater number of no antibody or low frequency antibody producers, whereas with a greater number of DIC there was an increased occurrence of high frequency antibody producers. These results suggest that HL-A as well as non-HL-A systems may play a significant role in the success of allotransplantation. Although the presence of non-HL-A antibodies was not always associated with allograft loss, further characterization of these antibodies may reveal a new genetic system(s). PMID- 50658 TI - Isolation of HL-A 33,000-dalton fragments carrying high HL-A alloantigenic activity. PMID- 50659 TI - Rabbit anti-HL-A2 sera. PMID- 50660 TI - [Electron microscopic study of chromatin in maturing lymphocyte nuclei using ammoniacal silver]. AB - By means of the ammoniacal silver reaction, cytochemical properties of the chromatin in white rat lymph node lymphocytes were investigated at different stages of their maturation. Electron dense granules of the reaction product are shown to be localized over the compact chromatin region. The number of granules increases as the amount of compact chromatin enlarges. A possible role of arginine histones in the process of chromatin condensation is suggested, this suggestion being based on the assumption that ammoniacal silver binds with active arginine groups of histones. PMID- 50661 TI - [Morphology of the clinical stage O of the prostatic carcinoma (incidental carcinoma) (author's transl)]. AB - 141 prostatic carcinomas of the clinical stage O (incidental carcinoma) have been analyzed morphologically. The tumors were highly differentiated carcinomas in 41.8% of the cases as compared to only 11.8% in the whole material of 989 carcinomas of all clinical stages in our prostatic carcinoma registry. In 42 cases (29.8%) the tumor involved less than 10% of the surgical material examined and here we find especially the highly differentiated carcinomas. In 22 cases (15.6%) the whole material was completely invaded by carcinomas and here the less differentiated carcinoma types are dominating. In 27 cases (19.2%) the carcinoma has spread to the periprostatic tissue and from here to perivascular and perineural lymphatics. Short-term follow-up was available in 117 cases. In only 17 cases no carcinoma therapy was initiated after the histological diagnosis. The morphological analysis shows that the clinical stage O of prostatic carcinoma includes completely different degrees of differentiation and extension. In planning the course of therapy the morphological findings have to be taken into consideration. The morphological analysis shows that the clinical stage O of prostatic carcinoma includes completely different degrees of differentiation and extension. In planning the course of therapy the morphological findings have to be taken into consideration. PMID- 50662 TI - [Early and late results after cryosurgical treatment of bladder neck obstructions (author's transl)]. AB - We report on late results of 100 risk patients, who were operated by cryosurgical technique because of bladder neck obstructions. Detailed representation of complications. The primary mortality was 5%. Controls after one year showed good functional results on 80% of the patients. 60% of the patients had sterile urine, whereas only 17% of the male patients had no infection before the operation. As to the anatomical results we could talk of a cryoprostatectomy in 25% of the cases. Because of a 20% failure cryosurgery remains a palliative operation, which can only be carried out on risk patients. Because of little hemorrhagic diathesis and the possibility to perform this operation under local anesthesia cryosurgical operations on the other hand are suitable for patients, who cannot be anesthetised. Otherwise these patients had needed a permanent catheter. We prefer shorter freezing times of 3--4 min. Essentially we could show the same functional results as other authors, who preferred longer freezing times, until they reached a certain temperature in the prostatic capsule. By shorter freezing times on the contrary we could avoid secondary transurethral resections of larger necroses. New disturbed micturition after cryosurgical treatment of the prostate is unusual. The question of a later recidivation is of secondary importance because of the primary high morbidity rate of the selected number of cases. PMID- 50663 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (a test to diagnose Graves' ophthalmopathy). PMID- 50664 TI - Morphological changes of the drainage system in "paired" eyes in patients with unilateral primary closed-angle glaucoma. PMID- 50665 TI - Argyrophil cell carcinomas (apudomas) of the uterine cervix. Light and electron microscopic observations of 5 cases. AB - Of a series of 97 invasive carcinomas of the cervix, 5 were found to have argyrophil tumor cells, and 3 of these 5 tumors were studied by electron microscopy. The ages of the 5 patients ranged from 36 to 49 years, with a mean age of 42.4 years. The morphologic features of these five tumors were well consistent with those described on a variety of endocrine polypeptide neoplasms such as thyroid medullary carcinomas, carcinoids, pancreatic islet-cell tumors, and oat cell carcinomas of the lung. Microscopically, the 5 tumors were characterized by the formation of solid-sheets, ribbons, streams, and rosettes. They were characterized electron microscopically by the presence of neurosecretory-type granules, the abundance of intracytoplasmic microfilaments, the absence of tonofibrils, and the paucity of desmosomal attachments. On the basis of the microscopic, electron microscopic and cytochemical characteristics, it is suggested that the tumors are a specific type of cervical carcinoma derived from the argyrophil cells, normally found among the linings of the endocervical glands and the cervical squamous epithelium. We believe these 5 tumors should be regarded as an endocrine tumor, another member of apudomas. PMID- 50666 TI - [Corpora amylacea in the human brain (author's transl)]. AB - 130.5 mg of almost pure corpora amylacea was isolated from lyophilized tissue of 35 human brains obtained by autopsy. Staining shaved this material to be homogenous. The greater part of this material is composed of carbohydrates, whereas the protein- and lipid content is small. With regard to composition, one can take for granted that this material is different from amyloid and from the corpora amylacea of the prostatic gland. It may be assumed that corpora amylacea of the brain are caused by the glucose requirement of the brain being reduced, while the supply of glucose for the brain is normal. PMID- 50667 TI - Interactions of chemical inducers and steroid enhancers of endogenous mouse type C RNA viruses. PMID- 50668 TI - Biologic and immunologic properties of porcine type C viruses. PMID- 50669 TI - [Effect of a high-protein diet on clinical and some biochemical indices of patients with torpid and latent courses of recurrent rheumatic heart disease]. AB - The effect of a protein-rich diet containing 141 g of protein on the clinical and some biochemical findings in 145 patients with a torpidly, and latently running recurrent rheumatic heart disease was studied. Pertinent observations have shown the protein-rich diet to have a very beneficial effect on the clinico-biochemical and immunological indices that are pathognomic of rheumatism with low activity and torpid course. PMID- 50670 TI - [Content of protein fractions of blood serum in families of patients with cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 50671 TI - [The normal range for total protein and protein fractions in the cerebrospinal fluid of children (author's transl)]. AB - In order to establish normal values, samples of cerebrospinal fluid from 109 healthy children between the ages of 0 and 13 years were analyzed for total protein, different protein fractions after electrophoretic separation, and IgG. Total protein was determined by the biuret method after precipitation with trichloroacetic acid. For the determination of the different protein fractions, the fluid was concentrated by high pressure filtration; the fractions were separated by microzone elektrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes, then assayed photometrically after staining with amido black B. IgG was determined by radial immunodiffusion. PMID- 50672 TI - [Tendovaginitis or paratenonitis of the Achilles tendon due to strain]. AB - A rare case of tendovaginitis or paratenonitis of the Achilles tendon due to strain is reported. The acute clinical symptoms and signs and calcification of the soft parts were successfully treated by rest and irradiation. PMID- 50673 TI - [Palliative surgery of metastatic bone tumors]. AB - 76 operated metastatic tumors of bone are reviewed. In the past 10 years modern methods (such as endoprothesis and the use of acrylic cement in the replacement of excised bone or for stabilisation of the spine) gave new possibilities to palliative surgery. Operative indication so that toleration of material are discussed. PMID- 50674 TI - [Does lead contribute to the pathogenesis of spine disease?]. AB - Statistical data of a public insurance office of West Germany show a drastic increase of the carriage impairments in juveniles. A plausible explanation of this phenomenon is presented by the lead quantities in auto exhaust. Present levels of environmentall lead produce a measurable biochemical alteration in the population of industrialized countries (inhibition of the activity of the enzyme ALAD). By disturbing the synthesis of nucleics acids and porteins lead impairs fundamental processes of life. Epidemiological and biochemical evidence for an influence of lead on the vertebral column and its diseases are brought forward. PMID- 50675 TI - [Treatment of erythema nodosum with an estrogen-gestagen hormonal preparation]. PMID- 50676 TI - [Importance of the immune complex in the mechanism of the development of cutaneous allergic vasculitis]. PMID- 50677 TI - [Age-related changes in the ultrastructure of Trichophyton rubrum]. PMID- 50678 TI - Unit structures of macromolecular layer in the cell wall of Bacillus aneurinolyticus. AB - In order to clarify the morphological details of the unit structures in the macromolecular layer (MML) of the bacterial cell wall, ghost cells of Bacillus aneurinolyticus were observed with the electron microscope in the negatively stained specimens. The unit structures usually showed a ring image with the central dot of PTA-deposit or an image of paired rodlets sandwiching a stripe of PTA-deposit between them even in the same wall. The author concluded from these images that an unit structure must be a cylindrical body with a central canal. Then, a new name "unit cylinder" was given to it. Rough measurements of the unit cylinder were also performed. Rigidity and elasticity of the cell wall were considered as based upon the morphological features and the array pattern of the unit cylinders. Therefore, the MML was regarded as a skeleton structure of the cell body. Besides, the MML consisting of the unit cylinders with central canals was considered to be an ultra-micro-filter from the viewpoint of metabolism in bacterial physiology. PMID- 50679 TI - [Vital fluorochromasia of mikroorganisms using fluorescein-3',6'-diacetate (FDA). II; Communication: The influences of humoral and cellular defence-mechanisms on vitality of Toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)]. AB - Fluorochromization by using the non-fluorescent, but fluorogenic substrate fluorescein-3',6'-diacetate indicates vitality and metabolic activity of extra- and intracellular Toxoplasma gondii. Specific humoral antibody diminishes the metabolism and, therefore, also the fluorochromization of these parasites; Because toxoplasms invade host cells mainly by active penetration, they are found not only in phagocytes but also in lymphocytes and in hepatocytes. In these cells, a further multiplication of parasites occurs. Only well functioning phagocytes are able to destroy the parasites; This process is supported by humoral antibody. Using IFT, the binding of humoral antibody to vital and killed toxoplasms in phagocytes of peritoneal exudate and spleen can be demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. The destroying effect of humoral antibody is limited by the rapid penetration of toxoplasms into the host cells. After infection, only an early administration of a high dose of antiserum will achieve a sufficient binding of antibodies to be able to influence the metabolism of toxoplasms. Due to this fact and according to the risk of a repression of humoral defence mechanisms in the host by IgG-antibodies the value of passive immunisation is limited. PMID- 50680 TI - [Treatment and prevention of experimental pneumonias, caused by L forms of bacteria]. AB - On a model of experimental pneumonia in mice caused by the L-forms of bacteria against the background of diminished immunity a study was made of the therapeutic efficacy of penicillin, lincomycin, lysozyme and gamma-globulin. Lincomycin, particularly in combination with biologically-active preparations, proved to be expedience for the treatment and prophylaxis of pneumonia caused by the mentioned bacteria; a rapid arrest of pneumonic process occurred and more animals survived. In the greater percentage of cases the use of penicillin was accompanied by generalization of the process. PMID- 50681 TI - [Results of a controlled epidemiological trial of the application of placental gamma globulin in foci of meningococcal infection]. AB - Controlled epidemiological trial was applied to the study of the use of placental gamma-globulin for prophylaxis of generalized forms of meningococcus infection in the foci (creches and kindergartens). A group of the vaccinated children (16 140) and control group (16 080) were the same age and sex. Gamma-globulin was administered in a dose of 3 ml to every other child attending creches and kindergartens not later than the 10th day after the patient's isolation. It was shown that the efficacy coefficient of gamma-globulin in the foci of meningococcus infection constituted 68% (the efficacy index was 3.2) for one month after the administration. PMID- 50682 TI - [Effect of gamma globulin on reactivity of the organism. V. Types of biological activity of gamma globulin preparations]. AB - Biological activity of 110 series of commercial gamma-globulin preparations was studied; they were found to contain placental antigens, group-specific blood substances, gonadotropic hormones and antibodies to them. Placental antigens were found in 12% of placental and abortive gamma-globulin batches in titres of 1 : 2- 1 : 16; no placental protein was revealed in donor gamma-globulin. There were group-specific blood substances in all the batches of placental and abortive gamma-globulin studied (in titres of 1 : 138--A, 1 : 112 B in the placental gamma globulin and in titres of 1 : 48.9--A, 1 : 32--B in the abortive gamma-globulin). In the preparations from the venous blood group-specific substances were either absent or present in lowe titres only (1 : 2). The value of gonadotropic hormones in the placental gamma-globulin batches constituted 873+/-157, and in the abortive--991.4+/-147 IU/l; no gonadotropins were revealed in donor gamma globulin. The mean titres of antibodies to gonadotropin hormone in the gamma globulin preparations made of placental blood constituted 1 : 236+/-32, of abortive--1 : 131+/-16.6, and of the venous blood--1 : 46+/-24.7. The presence of biologically-active substances in the gamma-globulin preparations pointed to the necessity of increased requirement of their quality; additional requirements to its standardization proved to be also necessary. PMID- 50683 TI - [Immunochemical study of the antigenic structure of bacteria of genus Bordetella. IV. Fractionation of B. pertussis extracts and study of the immunochemical and biological properties of the isolated fractions]. AB - Fractionation of an extract of pertussis microbes was carried out with the aid of gel-filtration on Sephadex G-100, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and preparative electrophoresis. Fractions differing in serological, immunogenic activity and the content of antigenic components were isolated. In using the method of gel-filtration of sefadex G-100 the greatest serological, immunogenic and histamine-sensitizing activity was possessed by the high-molecular fraction containing 8 of 11 antigenic components detected in the initial extract. The antigenic components were distributed into 5 fractions by the ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The greatest serological activity was possessed by fractions exiting from the column at the 0.01--0.04M interval of the phosphate buffer concentration. A method of preparative electrophoresis from the pertussis microbes extract was applied and two fractions were isolated from the anode and the cathode zones, each containing 4 antigenic components only, but possessing serological and immunogenic activity and having no histamine-sensitizing properties. PMID- 50684 TI - Embryology of the epidermis: ultrastructural aspects. 1. Formation and early development in the mouse with mammalian comparisons. AB - A detailed light and electron microscopic study of the cellular morphology of developing epidermis in the 7 to 12 day mouse embryo reveals that a single layer of ectoderm is not present until day 8. The 8-day embryonic epithelium is characterized by the presence of microvilli, apical attachment specializations, developing desmosomes and a thin, immature basal lamina. The 9-day embryonic epithelium is flatter and has both an increased number of microvilli on the surface and an increased number of microtubules in association with developing desmosomes. On day 10, numerous developing desmosomes are associated with fine filaments in the regions of the attachment plaques. Occasional peridermal cells are present on day 11. Numerous granules are associated with the inferior cell membranes of the superficial or uppermost cell processes. In the 12-day embryo, the periderm forms a complete layer. A skein of fine filaments is present just inside the basal cell membrane of the germinative cells and microtubules are more abundant in the basal cell cytoplasm. PMID- 50685 TI - Cellular changes in the psoriatic epidermis. X. Microplanimetric studies on epidermal cell size during treatment. AB - Results of microplanimetric measurements of cells in the pronounced macrocytic psoriatic epidermis during treatment with flubenisolon 17 alpha-valerate are reported. The size of cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus has been estimated weekly in biopsies until complete regression. No significant differences in the ratios nucleus/cytoplasm and nucleolus/nucleus could be demonstrated. When the lesions are clinically healed, the epidermal cells are still slightly enlarged. PMID- 50686 TI - 3H-thymidine labelling of epidermis and dermal infiltrate in psoriatic erythroderma. AB - The comparative pattern of 3H-thymidine (3H-T) pulse labelling in lesions of psoriatic erythroderma (3 cases) and of psoriasis vulgaris (20 cases) has been studied by means of radioautography. In the epidermis, no difference was noted between the two types of lesions concerning the epidermal 3H-T labelling index (L.I.) and the localization of labelled cells. The 3H-T L.I. of "round" cells infiltrating the dermis was much higher in lesions of psoriatic erythroderma (4.03 +/- 0.56%) than in lesions of psoriasis vulgaris (0.62 +/- 0.21%), and the difference is highly significant (p less than 0.0001). The findings indicate that most of these labelled cells could well be lymphoblasts, suggesting that an immunological process is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of psoriatic erythroderma. PMID- 50687 TI - Deposition of fibrinogen (FR-antigen) in skin diseases. I. Psoriasis vulgaris and Psoriasis arthropathica (with special reference to heparin-precipitable fraction). AB - Twenty-five in-patients with psoriasis arthropathica (ps.a.) and 18 in-patients with psoriasis vulgaris (ps.v.) were examined for cryofibrinogen as heparin precipitable fraction (HPF), for total fibrinogen in plasma and by immuno fluorescence (IF) technique for FR-antigen in tissue sections of affected and unaffected skin. A control group of 14 in-patients with various non-psoriatic dermatoses were examined with if for FR-antigen in unaffected skin. Pathological quantities of HPF were found in 6% in ps.v. and in 48% in ps.a. Total fibrinogen in plasma was normal in ps.v. (365 mg%), and moderately elevated in ps.a. (471 mg%). In psoriatics, FR-antigen was found in unaffected skin ps.v. in 50%, in ps.a. in 72%. In affected skin, the figures were 67% and 84% respectively. No direct relationship could be found between the incidence and the degree of HPF, and depositions of FR-antigen in the tissue sections in the skin at the time of the examination. In the control group, no FR-antigen could be found in unaffected skin, except in one case of acne cystica, with traces of FR-antigen in a few areas of the tissue section. PMID- 50688 TI - An in vivo and in vitro study of cell-mediated immunity in atopic dermatitis. AB - Cell-mediated immunity was studied in patients with atopic dermatitis. Tuberculin skin tests were performed on 70 patients and on 18 controls. The patients with "severe dermatitis" and those with high IgE levels were hyporeactive. Lymphocyte transformation tests were carried out in 33 patients and 21 controls. This showed that the patients were hyporeactive to PPD and herpes simplex antigen and this was most prominent in the patients having high IgE values. However, there was no clear, statistically significant difference between patients and controls with regard to their in vitro response to PHA. PMID- 50689 TI - Lymphocyte transformation, IgE and T-cells in eczema vaccinatum treated with transfer factor. A case report. AB - Transfer factor (TF) was given to intensify the cell-mediated immune reactions in an atopic patient with generalized vaccinia. The patient showed marked reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, but also in nonstimulated cultures. However, later tests with mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes indicated a defective cellular defence mechanism. The addition of autologous plasma to lymphocyte cultures depressed the reactivity of PHA-stimulation considerably. Initially, the patient also showed a normal T-lymphocyte count in peripheral blood, but six months after her vaccinia, extremely high serum IgE levels and a decreased percentage of T-lymphocytes was observed. Although an evaluation of the clinical effect of transfer factor injection is difficult, it should be noted that the patient's temperature immediately fell to normal, and her general health improved following treatment. PMID- 50690 TI - Skin reactions to primary irritants in men and women. AB - The skin reactions to skin provocation tests with 11 primary irritants were compared in 21 pairs of men and women with hand eczema, matched for age, and in 21 pairs of non-eczematous subjects. With a few exceptions, no statistically significant differences were demonstrated in the intensities of the skin reactions between the sexes. The general skin reactivity in tests with irritants seems to be the same in men and women. PMID- 50691 TI - DNA-antibodies in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - DNA-antibody determinations using the Farr technique and LE cell tests were performed on single serum samples from 55 patients with SLE according to well defined criteria. It was found that the DNA-antibody test was just as sensitive as the LE cell test, and studies of sera from patients with questionable SLE, discoid LE, other connective-tissue diseases, psoriasis, and from healthy persons, indicated that the DNA-antibody test is highly specific for SLE. Neither the DNA-antibody test nor the LE cell test could discriminate between SLE patients with active and inactive disease as estimated by clinical criteria or by the serum concentrations of complement C3 and C4. PMID- 50692 TI - Circinate erosive balanitis and HL-A 27. AB - The HL-A phenotype of 17 patients with a typical clinical picture of circinate erosive balanitis was determined. Eight of the patients had other signs of Reiter's disease and 9 had balanitis alone. HL-A 27 was found to be present in 15 of the 17 cases. One patient of each group lacked this antigen. The frequency of the other histocompatibility antigens did not significantly differ from that of a Finnish control population. PMID- 50693 TI - Gastrointestinal investigations in dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - Thirty-seven patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) have been investigated for gastric and small intestinal abnormalities. Evidence of an enteropathy was found in 86% of the patients who had IgA deposits in uninvolved skin. Villous atrophy of the small intestine was found in 29 patients. About one-half of the patients had reduced absorption of xylose and vitamin A. The Schilling test value was lowered in one-third. Serum B12 was too low in 5/28 patients whereas folic acid in serum and whole blood was too low in 14/29 and 5/19, respectively. Atrophic gastritis occurred in 14/28 patients and only about one-third of the whole patient material had normal gastric mucosal structure and secretion. PMID- 50694 TI - Suction blister transplantation for leg ulcers. AB - Application of suction blister transplants to leg ulcers is an alternative symptomatic treatment to split-skin grafting, i.e. "pinch-grafting". Blisters are produced by the suction device Dermovac at a suction pressure of 250-300 mmHg for 1-2 hours. The blister-roofs are cut off at the periphery and placed on the granulation tissue of the ulcer. The healing time for leg ulcers was 10-14 days. Excellent epithelialization was seen in 10 out of 12 ulcers. The advantages of the method are, that it is easy to perform, no scarring is produced, and the procedure is painless. PMID- 50695 TI - An explanation fro chloracne -- an industrial hazard. AB - Patients with chloracne were investigated and the results compared with data matched for age and site from patients with acne vulgaris. The ultrastructural appearances of pilo-sebaceous ducts in both groups were similar. The industrial group had significantly fewer C. acnes than the patients with ordinary acne. They also showed a significant increase in the surface lipid percentage composition of squalene, wax ester and cholesterol and this was associated with a significant decrease in the triglyceride free fatty acids and total triglyceride pool. We suggest that the acnegenic agent has produced its effect by modifying the metabolism of the pilo-sebaceous fluid. PMID- 50696 TI - Trichosporosis (white piedra). A case report from Finald. AB - A 25-year-old Finnish male had had brownish-black nodules along the shafts of his scrotal hair for a period of 1 1/2 years. From the clinical appearance, piedra was suspected. Fungal culture demonstrated Trichosporum cutanum (T. Beigelii) and a diagnosis of white piedra was made. The patient has never been outside the boundaries of Finland. PMID- 50697 TI - Mixed (lichenoid and macular) cutaneous amyloidoses. AB - Between October 1972 and Paril 1974 a total of four patients suffering from lichen amyloidosus were admitted to the wards of the Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Valladolid. All these patients also showed a macular amyloidosis associated with the lichenoid eruption. The authors emphasize that macular amyloidosis is quite commonly found as an associated and closely related condition in lichen amyloidosus. PMID- 50698 TI - Warty dyskeratoma. AB - A case is reported of a 53-year-old woman, who had had for one year a wart-like papillomatus lesion on the alveolar process in the region corresponding to m The remaining mucosa exhibited a normal clinical picture. The patient's general health was satisfactory and no skin manifestations of interest were apparent. The lesion was extirpated and examined histologically and microradiographically and was found to have histopathological characteristic of the same kind as in warty dyskeratoma. The discussion is concerned with aetiological factors and with problems of differential diagnosis. PMID- 50699 TI - A case of the Klippel-Trenaunay-Parkes Weber syndrome. AB - An extreme case of Klippel-Trenaunay-Parkes Weber syndrome is presented. The patient had extensive cutaneous naevus involving the left side of the body and consisting of naevus flammeus, hemangioma cavernosum, and naevus verrucosus. The left extremities were longer and there were multiple arteriovenous connections between a and v subclavia and a and v radialis. Secondary symptoms were sciatica, varicosity and osteoporosis. PMID- 50700 TI - Incontinentia pigmenti achromians (Ito). AB - A case of incontinentia pigmenti achromians syndrome with associated abnormalities occurring in a 21-year-old woman is reported. Since birth she has had whorling macular, hypopigmented areas on the skin of the lateral, anterior, and posterior aspects of the trunk. Histopathological picture: the melanocytes in the depigmented areas are slightly reduced in number. Some of the associated abnormalities that she exhibits, such as coarse curly hair on her scalp, and pigmented spots in her left iris, have never before been described. Other of her symptoms--thick lips and myopia--have been reported earlier. The patient's mother, 15-year-old sister and 9-year-old brother showed, from birth, brown hyperpigmented maculae on the left halves of their bodies. PMID- 50701 TI - Presence of "receptors" for growth hormone on membranes of rat thymocytes. AB - Growth hormone conjugated to Sepharose-4 B was found to mimic the action of the free hormone in the stimulation of the uptake and incorporation of radioactive uridine into RNA in thymocytes in vitro. The integrity of the cellular structure was essential for the stimulating effect of the hormone. The bonding of the immunologically reactive determinants of the hormone on membranes of thymocytes was demonstrated by electron micrographs of preparations incubated sequentially with rabbit antigrowth hormone globulins and monospecific sheep anti-rabbit globulins tagged with horse-radish peroxidase. PMID- 50702 TI - The ultrastructure of the accessory sex organs of the male rat 10. Effect of chlormadinon. AB - The present paper describes the fine structure of the accessory sex organs of the male rat as seen after administration of the anti-androgenic compound chlormadinon acetate for 20 days. There was a general involution of the organs with macroscopic atrophy and reduced amount of secretory material. Ultrastructurally the cells contained less organelles as compared with the controls, loss of cytoplasm and reduction both of cell height and width. The major changes also included reduction of the Golgi areas and the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Within the dorsal lobe prominent nuclear changes were found. The alterations observed in the present study are similar to the changes which were found in rats treated with another anti-androgenic compound, Cyp A. It is concluded that these two antiandrogenic compounds exert their effects through similar mechanisms with a specific influence on the prostate and the seminal vesicles. PMID- 50703 TI - Production of anaphylactic antibodies to drugs in experimental animals. I. Benzylpenicillin. AB - Studies were undertaken to determine if animals exposed to benzylpenicillin could produce anaphylactic antibodies to the drug moiety. For this purpose, Albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Two groups of animals were immunized with benzylpenicillin using either the intraperitoneal or the subcutaneous route. The remaining two groups were used for feeding experiments. The animals were bled upon termination of the experiments; their sera were collected and pooled per group. The pooled sera were tested for the presence of anaphylactic antibodies. Histamine release from rat mast cells under the appropriate conditions was used as an indicator of antibody production. Penicilloylpolylysine and benzylpenicillin were both employed to determine antibody specificity. It was found that sera from all groups of animals contained anaphylactic antibodies with specificity towards the penicilloyl group and "benzylpenicillin". PMID- 50704 TI - Leukocyte migration in agarose, a study on multiple sclerosis. AB - The effect of low concentrations of bovine encephalitogenic protein on the migration of human peripheral leukocytes in agarose was studied. A concentration of 0.3 mug/ml of the protein stimulated the migration of cells from many donors, including some healthy subjects. An indirect technique suggested that the migration enhancement is due to the production of soluble factor, possibly corresponding to the leukocyte migration enhancement factor described by others. The frequency of subjects whose cells could be stimulated and the recorded degree of stimulation tended to be higher in a group of patients with multiple sclerosis than in a group of healthy subjects. When the effect of some of the main peptide fragments of the protein was studied on cells that were stimulated by the intact protein, one or more of these peptides sometimes induced the opposite effect: a migration inhibition. There is, apparently, a complex balance between enhancing and inhibiting factors acting on leukocyte migration in vitro; and the character of the antigen seems to be one important factor. PMID- 50705 TI - [The biomechanics of hyaline cartilage under distension stress]. AB - The mechanical properties of costal cartilage specimens from cattle were tested under periodical compressive loads. The specimens were put between the compression plates of an electronic materials testing machine and were exposed to defined deformations and deformation rates. On the basis of these induced periodical deformation-time curves as input functions we obtained force-time curves as output functions. RESULTS: (1) The cyclic force-time curves generated by deformation-time input functions with constant amplitudes initially showed a general decrease of force peaks until a force-time curve with constant amplitudes gradually arose. (2) If periodically loaded after a constant deformation had taken place the force peaks increased, at first pronouncedly but later diminishing. We named this the 'peak increase phenomenon'. (3) The mechanorheological curves of hyaline cartilage can be explained approximately by the viscoelastic behaviour of microfibrils in a parallel arrangement with the elastoviscous properties of cartilaginous ground substance. PMID- 50706 TI - Tinctorial behavior of the cell types in the adenohypophysis of Swiss albino mice. AB - The cytological features of the pituitary of normal male inbred Swiss albino mice were studied. On the basis of 4 staining methods (CW, MTS, PAS-OG-MB, AT-PAS-OG), 5 types of chromophil cells have been identified: 2 types of acidophils--red and orange--and 3 types of basophils--angular to polyhedral dark-staining large cells, dark-staining small round cells and oval light-staining large cells. PMID- 50707 TI - Demonstration of oligoclonal immunoglobulin G IN Guillain-Barre syndrome. AB - Elevated concentrations in CSF of the immunoglobulins G, A, and M, when expressed as a percentage of the total protein concentration of CSF, were demonstrated during the initial phase of the course of the disease in a patient with Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS). A slight elevation of the relative concentrations of IgG and IGM in CSF were also registered later in the course of the disease, at the time when the patient's neurological symptoms were in regression. Multiple discrete IgG bands were demonstrated by agarose electrophoresis in serum and in CSF during the first 2 weeks after onset of the neurological symptoms, and also after week 2 and still during week 12 after onset. The finding of transient oligoclonal IgG in a parient with GBS may suggest stimulation with e.g. viral antigen. PMID- 50708 TI - A myopathy associated with myotonia in the dog. AB - The pathology of two cases of canine myopathy associated with myotonia are presented. The changes were interpreted as dystrophic. The most obvious features were a rounding on cross section and variation in fibre size with numerous internal nuclei, many of which formed chains. Degeneration and regeneration were seen and there was a slight increase in perimysial and endomysial connective tissue. Only one ringed fibre was seen, but no sarcoplasmic masses. Enzyme histochemistry failed to demonstrate any selective Type I fibre atrophy. The peripheral and central nervous systems were normal in both cases. PMID- 50709 TI - Classification of malignant lymphomas by means of membrane markers. AB - In the majority of patients with lympho- and reticulum cell sarcomas, high numbers of B-lymphocytes were found in affected lymph nodes, but were rarely observed in the peripheral blood. In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia receptor properties of B-lymphocytes were defective in several aspects. In patients with Hodgkin's disease the relative number of both lymphocyte populations in the blood were within the normal range and in lymph node suspensions marked alterations were unusual. A preferential proliferation of T-lymphocytes, perhaps accompanied by a reduced life span, was however suggested by double labelling experiments. PMID- 50710 TI - Studies on lymphocyte sensitization to encephalitogenic protein in tumor patients. AB - The specific lymphocyte sensitization of patients with malignant diseases against a basic protein, isolated from human brain, was studied by the lymphocyte migration inhibition technique. A sensitization of lymphocytes of cancer patients against this encephalitogenic factor (EF) was first reported by FIELD and CASPARY in 1970. Their test system was the Macrophage-Electrophoretic-Mobility-Test (MEMT). In 17 out of 18 patients with malignant disease we found a specific inhibition or enhancement of the migration area of lymphocytes more than 15%. PMID- 50711 TI - Studies on maturity in newborn infants. VIII. Alpha-foetoprotein and albumin. AB - Cord blood of 125 newborn infants of various gestational ages has been analysed for the amounts of alpha-foetoprotein and albumin using an electroimmunoassay. The quotient alpha-foetoprotein/birth weight was recorded as well. All the three measureements correlate fairly well with the gestational age of newborn infants. Measuring alpha-foetoprotein is not of the same value, however, in estimating gestational age as is the simple scoring of external characteristics. PMID- 50712 TI - Experimental rheumatoid arthritis-like features induced by prolonged sensitization with focal antigens. AB - Prolonged sensitization with emulsion of an autologous or isologous subcutaneous abscess of Arthus type induced by injection of hen egg-white was performed in 34 rabbits which were divided into (high responder and intermediate responder groups (H- and M-groups) according to individual difference of immune responses. The development of a rheumatoid factor-like substance (RFLS) was demonstrated after 30 experimental days and subsequently observed in 21 out of 33 rabbits. There was no significant difference in the incidence of RFLS between both groups. As to the relation between the development of RFLS and types of focal antigens, the group of the autologous W-substance showed a higher incidence of RFLS than the N substance. Acute and/or chronic synovitis was demonstrated in 13 of 33 rabbits and inflammatory changes were more intensive and extensive in the later period of experiment. Presence of RFLS in the affected synovial tissues, chiefly in the cytoplasm of plasma cells and mononuclear cells, occasionally in a free state was revealed by immunofluorescent study, and depositions positive for IgG and beta 1C were observed in the wall of blood vessels and fibrinous thrombi in the affected synovial tissues. PMID- 50713 TI - Alcoholic hyalin-like bodies found in the pancreatic acinar cells and nerve cells of the brain. AB - The presence of hyalinoid body as an eosinophilic, dendriform to irregularly shaped mass was noted in the cytoplasm of pancreatic acinar cells of 13 among a series of approximately 150 autopsy cases of alcoholism examined. Similar subcellular structures were also demonstrable in nerve cells of the brain in 2 of these cases. The hyalinoid body stained scarlet in phloxine methylene blue preparations and orange-brown in preparations with the Masson staining method (modified procedure of Gomori), and was revealed to be a fibrillar filamentous mass by electron microscopy. These characteristics suggest its marked resemblance to alcoholic hyalin in liver cells. PMID- 50714 TI - Effect of long-term administration of different hard liquors and red wine on the rat liver. A histological and biochemical study. AB - Male rats were given 50 per cent of calories as ethanol, whisky, brandy, gin and red wine for 8-9 months together with moderate or low protein and vitamin supply. Histological studies at sacrifice failed to detect signs of hepatotoxicity, but biochemical studies indicated that at least red wine and whisky produced more undesirable effects on the liver than ethanol. PMID- 50715 TI - The ultrastructure of cultivable treponemes. AB - Cells of Treponema genitalis were studied in the electron microscope by means of negative staining and ultrathin sectioning techniques. All cells were covered by a regularly structured surface layer. This layer appeared to consist of pairs of thin fibrils attached to an amorphous layer. This amorphous layer in turn is probably identical with the exterior part of the outer membrane of the organism. The pairs of thin fibrils located on this surface were interconnected by polygons. The treponemes were regularly coiled and had somewhat tapered ends with 2-4 flagella inserted at each end. The two bundles of flagella were entwined around the cytoplasmic body of the cell and interdigitated in the middle region of the organism. Treatment of cells of T. genitalis with Myxobacter AL-1 protease 1, or with deoxycholate did not reveal intracytoplasmic tubules. This is in contrast to the results obtained with similar treatments of all other strains of species of Treponema hitherto examined. PMID- 50716 TI - Studies on polysaccharide C of staphylococcus epidermidis. 2. Antigenic properties. AB - The antigenic properties of polysaccharide C (poly C) of S. epidermidis strongly support the analytical indications that it is an N-acetylglucosaminylglycerol teichoic acid with 1:3-phosphodiester linkages. The major antigenic determinant is N-acetyglucosamine, predominantly present in the beta-configuration. Also anti glycerophosphate antibodies are produced, apparently dependent on the degree of glycosylation. Purified poly C was unable to sensitize either normal or tanned sheep erythrocytes for agglutination in antisera. PMID- 50717 TI - A new virus specified determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - One hundred and three samples from hepatitis B surface antigen (HB(s)Ag) positive Californian blood donors were subtyped in immunodiffusion with respect to d/y, w/r and a21, a23, a3. Spur formation with a human antiserum indicated a previously unrecognized determinant q, which was detected in 96 sera (4 a21yw, 15 a23yw, 69 a21dw and 8 adr). Out of 8 sera which by spur formation were demonstrated to lack q, 7 were further subtyped (2 a21dw and 5 a3dw). Hence all 5 a3 dw specimens were demonstrated to lack q, thus indicating that q is specified by the virus. The possible relation of q to x with further implications for the specification of x is discussed. PMID- 50718 TI - On the structure of putidaredoxin and cytochrome P-450 cam and their mode of interaction. AB - Structural and immunochemical experiments with putidaredoxin, cytochrome P 450cam, and their 1:1 complex have led us to the following conclusions: Despite the remarkable sequence homology between putidaredoxin and adrenodoxin which permits a tentative assignment of cysteines binding to the (Fe-S)2 prosthetic group, these redox proteins cannot replace each other in reconstitution experiments because putidaredoxin contains a disulfide loop close to its P-450cam binding site. This feature may also be responsible for the complete lack of immunochemical cross reactivity between these proteins. The stability of putidaredoxin can be enhanced significantly by cross linkage with glutaraldehyde without change in spectral, catalytic, or immunochemical properties, Putidaredoxin also gains stability by binding to the P-450-camphor complex in a 1:1 ratio. Precipitation of this complex with anti-P-450cam antibodies gives access to site specific antibodies directed against the putidaredoxin binding site of P-450cam. A series of putidaredoxin-cytochrome P-450cam-substrate complexes with ratios of 1 to 6 molecules of redoxin per molecule of cytochrome have been obtained by migration of excess redoxin across prefocused P-450cam in electrofocusing. Complete inhibition of camphor hydroxylation was achieved by anti-P-450cam antibodies, their Fab fragments, anti-putidaredoxin-trimer antibodies, and antibodies directed against the putidaredoxin-P-450cam complex. Five major antigenic sites were tentatively established for P-450cam, two of which seem to be associated with the BrCN hemepeptide while one each relates to the putidaredoxin binding site, the Trp-Arg site close to the C-terminus, and the site surrounding the most reactive SH group which gives rise to dimer formation. Iodination, of P-450cam at tyrosyl residues only permitted use of a sensitive radioimmunoassay procedure for testing of cross reacting material (CRM) remaining after degradation of P-450cam with BrCN and enzymes, denaturation with acetone, and complex formation with the redoxin. The BrCN hemepeptide still has a Soret maximum at 390 nm and reacts with CO yielding a P-420 spectrum. All 6 half cystines of P-450cam are present as free sulfhydryls and can be titrated after denaturation but only 4 of them are available in the P-450-camphor complex. Three of these are close to each other and the heme, and work in concert; their alkylation with N-ethyl maleimide (NEM) leads to shifts of the Soret from 391 to 417 nm and concomitant changes in redox potential, EPR-signals and DPNH reactivity. The fifth SH group is protected by camphor while the 6th SH group, still present in the BrCN heme-peptide, is implicated in chelation to the heme iron by a drastic change in EPR spectra, reflecting pure axial symmetry at the heme after complete alkylation by NEM. PMID- 50720 TI - The microstream concept of axoplasmic and dendritic transport. PMID- 50719 TI - Parameters of dendritic transport. PMID- 50721 TI - Immunological and chemotherapeutic prevention and control of oncogenic viruses. PMID- 50722 TI - Effects of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) on rat mast cells: influence on anaphylactic and compound 48/80-induced histamine release. AB - Anaphylactic histamine release from mast cells isolated from actively sensitized rats was inhibited by pre-incubation with micromolar concentrations of ATP. The inhibition was reversible under various experimental conditions and was counteracted by the presence of calcium in the incubation medium. Histamine release induced by compound 48/80 was similarly affected. Mast cells exposed to antigen under conditions when histamine release was inhibited by ATP became desensitized. The results indicate that ATP inhibits the release mechanism at a step which occurs after the binding of antigen to IgE. PMID- 50723 TI - [Cancer of the penis]. PMID- 50724 TI - Use of polyethylene glycol-treated calf serum for cell cultures in virus and interferon studies. AB - Immunoglobulins and lipoproteins can be efficiently removed from calf serum by precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 under sterile conditions. The PEG-treated serum is suitable for cell cultures used for virus growth and assays. Moreover, PEG was found to slow down the growth of L cells and to enhance the production and activity of mouse interferon. PMID- 50725 TI - Antigenic activity in monkey and human of purified low molecular weight fractions of Timothy pollen. AB - Small molecular weight fractions obtained from dialysis of crude Timothy pollen extract were shown to carry immunogenic activity in monkeys. Three fractions were sequentially purified through gel filtration with Siphadex G-10 and C-M cellulose 52. Monkeys immunized with these fractions produced almost exclusively skin sensitizing antibodies which were shown to be of the IgE class and differing in antigenic specificity. The analysis of sugars and amino acids contained in two of these fractions showed large qualitative and quantitative differences. It is assumed that these fractions might represent oligomeric subunits of larger antigenic molecules. Challenge of patients allergic to Timothy pollen by means of skin tests and nasal provocation tests further confirms the absence of cross antigenicity among the 3 active fractions. These results seem to indicate heterogenicity of IgE antibodies as developed following sensitization with crude Timothy pollen antigen. PMID- 50726 TI - Localization of tropomyosin in mouse embryo fibroblasts. AB - Antiserum to chick skeletal muscle tropomyosin was used to localize tropomyosin in mouse embryo fibroblasts by the indirect fluorescein labeled antibody technique. Specific staining was observed cytoplasmic fibers, which extended out into the cell processes. The staining pattern in these cells is similar to that previously described by others for actin. This observation suggests that in fibroblasts tropomyosin, like actin, is localized in fibers in the cytoplasm. PMID- 50727 TI - Light dependence of osmium reactivity in mouse photoreceptor cells. AB - Mouse photoreceptor cells exhibit local accumulations of osmium deposits after prolonged osmic staining at slightly elevated temperatures. Deposits were evident along the membranes of outer segment lamellae, Golgi cisternae and vesicles, nuclear envelopes, and synaptic vesicles. Other membranes within the photoreceptor cells were unreactive. No osmium reactivity was seen in other cells of the retina except for osmiophilic outer segment material which had been phagocytized by the pigment epithelium. In the outer segments, inner segments, and synaptic regions of the photoreceptor cells, the amount of osmium reactivity was increased by light stimulation and decreased following extended dark adaptation. The possible significance of the localized osmium reactivity is discussed. PMID- 50728 TI - Microhemagglutination test for the detection of nucleoprotein antibody in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - A simple and practical microhemagglutination test that detects two antibodies, one showing reactivity to the DNA moiety of soluble nucleoprotein (sNP) and the other to the DNA-histone complex of sNP, is described. The method incorporates human erythrocytes formalinized at 30 C., tanned, and coated with sNP at 37 C. Antibody specificity was determined by inhibition experiments performed on sera with added DNA or sNP antigen. With the indirect LE cell technic, evidence that the anti-sNP antibody detected in this work is related to the serum LE factor commonly associated with the LE cell phenomenon was obtained. The hemagglutination test is helpful in establishing the specific diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may be used to follow the course of the disease and response to therapy in SLE patients, as this is a semiquantitative technic and rise or fall in titer or antibody can be determined. PMID- 50729 TI - Neoplastic Paneth cells. Occurrence in an Adenocarcinoma of a Meckel's diverticulum. AB - Neoplasia is the least common complication of Meckel's diverticulum. A case of partial obstruction of the small intestine due to adenocarcinoma arising in a Meckel's diverticulum is presented. The noteworthy feature of this case is the presence of neoplastic Paneth cells in the tumor. PMID- 50730 TI - Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid cells from an american child with Burkitt's Lymphoma. AB - Tumor cells in the cerebrospinal fluid of an American child with Burkitt's lymphoma are described. The morphology of the cells was demonstrated better by use of the "millipore" technic and hematoxylin and eosin staining than by the Wright-stained smear. PMID- 50731 TI - The detection of hepatitis B antigen in hepatic parenchyma by the fluorescent antibody technic. AB - Tissue sections from 42 specimens of liver were examined by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy for the presence of hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag). In all cases the serologic status of HB Ag was known. Fourteen of the specimens were also examined by electron microscopy. In four biopsies from three patients positive cytoplasmic fluorescence was detected using antisera prepared in animals and 20-nm. nuclear particles were found by electron microscopy. These patients were all seropositive for HB Ag, all had chronic aggressive hepatitis or active cirrhosis, and all were receiving immunosuppressive therapy at the time of examination. Nuclear fluorescent staining was demonstrated when one of these biopsies was re-examined using a human antiserum. PMID- 50732 TI - Letter: Morphology of myocardial damage. PMID- 50733 TI - Letter: Simple test for chyle in the urine. PMID- 50734 TI - Epidemiologic characteristics of patients with prostatic neoplasms. AB - A case-control study was conducted between 1957 and 1965 on 128 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), 256 age-matched controls, 290 prostate cancer patients and 290 age-matched controls for the prostate cancer patients, all of whom had completed the Roswell Park Memorial Institute epidemiology questionnaire and were interviewed on admission to the Institute. Compared to the control groups a higher proportion of both case groups were Protestants and residents of smaller towns. The major finding in this case-control study was a significantly higher risk for prostate cancer in fertile males compared to both married and non married, but infertile males. This finding was confirmed when fertility was used as a variable for the classification of study groups in an earlier prospective study reporting the follow-up of patients with BPH and non-neoplastic controls. In this study, patients with children were found to have a relative risk of 2.69 for prostate cancer compared to the married patients with no children. Fertility may be a manifestation of constitutional-hormonal factors that increase the risk of prostate cancer. PMID- 50735 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen subtypes in Malaysia. AB - One hundred and ninety hepatitis B surface antigen positive (HBsAG+) sera were subtyped, belonging to : blood donors, hepatitis patients, patients and staff in a hemodialysis unit, all from Kuala Lumpur; Malaysian aborigines from three jungle locations in Peninsular Malaysia; and East Malaysians from Sarawak, East Malaysia; Three subtypes adr, adw and ayw were present in Malaysia in the following frequencies: 44%, 29%, and 27%, respectively; In Kuala Lumpur 87% had subdeterminant d and 13 per cent y, whereas in the deep jungle aborigines of Perak and Pahang, the y subdeterminant was present in 87% and the d in 13%. A similar pattern of preponderance of y prevailed in Sarawak, East Malaysia. In Kuala Lumpur the two main ethnic groups, Malays and Chinese, differed in subtype distribution, in that adr predominated in the Malays (61%), while the adw predominated in the Chinese (51%); Subtype distribution was not related to age or sex of carriers of the antigen, or to whether they had hepatitis, or asymptomatic antigenemia. PMID- 50736 TI - The genetic structure of a tribal population, the Yanomama Indians XI. Gene frequencies for 10 blood groups and the ABH-Le secretor traits in the Yanomama and their neighbors; the uniqueness of the tribe. AB - In this paper we present the results of blood group typings for a total of 33 villages distributed among five South American Indian tribes--Yanomama (21 villages), Makiritare (eight villages), Macushi (two villages), Piaroa (one village), and Wapishana (one village). These new results for the Yanomama and Makiritare tribes have been combined with those previously reported to allow a better appreciation of the distribution of allelic frequencies in the tribes. The relationship of the Yanomama to other South American Indian tribes is investigated using data on six polymorphic loci (Rh, MNS, Fy, Jk, Di, Hp). By use of four genetic measures (two of genetic relationship and two of genetic diversity), we demonstrate that the Yanomama are genetically unique among a sample of 20 South American tribes. In addition, the Yanomama show somewhat less genetic diversity for the six loci analyzed than the average South American tribe. Taken together, these results indicate a rather long period of isolation for the population antecedent to the Yanomama--perhaps since the time of entry of man into the South American continent. The pattern of genetic relationships and genetic diversity for the 20 tribes is consistent with the hypothesis that evolution in South America proceeded by a process of fission-fusion leading to isolation of subpopulations with subsequent genetic differentiation as a consequence of population isolation. The uniqueness of the Yanomama appears to stem entirely from such a process, there being no evidence of any selective differential for the loci analyzed. PMID- 50737 TI - A simple R banding technic. AB - A simplified R banding technic is described which provides excellent delineation of major regions, easy identification of all chromosomes, and an accurate comparison of homologue lengths. The technic is simple, requiring only an initial incubation in buffer at 85 degrees C followed by acridine orange staining. The best presentation of the R banded chromosomes was obtained by printing in black and white from color transparency film. Variations in the length of the short arms of the acrocentric chromosomes are clearly and consistently defined. Satellites are not demarcated and appear as part of the short arm. Consistent banding was obtained, and the technic is suitable for use in routine clinical cytogenetic work. PMID- 50739 TI - Multiple mounting and staining on 2" x 2" glass slides. AB - A technique is described for multiple mounting and staining of histopathologic material on 2'' times 2'' glass slides. Various applications as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this procedure are discussed. PMID- 50738 TI - Cytidine deaminase: a new genetic polymorphism demonstrated in human granulocytes. AB - Cytidine deaminase in human white blood cells has three electrophoretic phenotypes representing the homozygous and heterozygous expression of two common alleles, CDA1 and CDA2, at an autosomal locus. To explain the multibanded pattern of the heterozygote, the enzyme is assumed to have a tetrameric structure. PMID- 50740 TI - Prenatal sex detection with endocervical smears: successful results utilizing Y bodyfluoroscence. AB - Highly equivocal results, regarding procedures for the prenatal detection of fetal sexls found in the endocervix, are reported in the literature dating from 1971. The far-reaching genetic and obstetric implications of such procedures led us to investigate endocervical smears from 36 patients (taken during all three trimesters) and study the validity and practicality of this test. Fetal sex was correctly predicted in 31 of 36cases and all 18 male predictions delivered males. In addition, many previously reported and newly found sources of error were encountered and evaluated. It is concludedthat there are indeed cells of fetal origin being shed into the endocervix and they canbe used as a reliable indicator of fetal sex in all three trimesters. PMID- 50741 TI - Association between oral contraceptive use and thromboembolism: a new approach to itsinvestigation based on plasma fibrinogen chromatography. AB - Longitudunal and cross-dectional blood coagulation studies were made in patients receiving oral contraceptive therapy and in unmedicated women used as control subjects. These studies have included use of a new procedure, plasma fibrinogen chromatgraphy, which, by assay for a high molecular weight fibrinogen complexes in plasma, detects or excludes the presence of small thrombi, even when these are of the clinically silent type. New contraceptives users (n=154) received either Ovulen (100 pg of mestranol) or Demulen (50pg of ethinyl estradiol) and were followed serially for one year. During the cross-sectional study (193 women and 1,350 samples), serial examination was preformed on those taking oral contraceptives for 3 months to 10 years. Over-all, pathologic plasma fibrinogen chromatographic findings, indicative of thrombosis, were detected in 6 per cent of hte control examinations and in 27 per cent samples from oral contraceptive users. These findings suggest that oral contraceptive users developed mainlyclinically silent thrombotic lesions, with four-to-fivefold greater frequency than the control subjects. Consequently, it is inferred that they are at four-to fivefold greaterrisk of developing clinically overt disease, a risk factor estimate in line with that derived by epidemiologic study. PMID- 50742 TI - Segmental vascular patterns of the choriocapillaris. AB - I investigated the vascular architecture of the peripheral choriocapillaris in the eyes at autopsy, utilizing the histochemical alkaline phosphatase reaction. There was a segmental distribution of the capillaries, with the feeding arterioles at the periphery and the draining venule in the center of capillary lobules. These findings support the clinical postulation that the choriocapillaris is segmentally arranged. PMID- 50743 TI - Occupational therapy in a myelomeningocele clinic. AB - This article presents a definition of the child with a myelomeningocele, a description of a myelomeningocele clinic setting, an outline of the particular needs and concerns of various age groups of children with myelomeningocele, and a summary of occupational therapy's role in the clinic. This paper is an attempt to fill a gap in the literature on the occupational therapist's role in the treatment of the child with myelomeningocele. PMID- 50745 TI - Psychogenic factors in kidney transplant rejection: a case study. AB - The author examines the influence of psychic factors on kidney transplant rejection in a patient who suffered emotional trauma. As an adolescent, this man had reacted to the death of his father with an incomplete mourning response and had coped with the loss through identification and a search for surrogates. The death of a paternal surrogate immediately preceded the transplant rejection. The author emphasizes that the establishment of a causal relationship between a somatic event and a psychic antecedent is facilitated by demonstrating that a latent conflict has been evoked symbolically by an external event. Further research into such correlations could significantly enhance our understanding of disease processes. PMID- 50744 TI - Factors responsible for ADP-induced release reaction of human platelets. AB - Extensive aggregation of human platelets can be induced by ADP without secondaryaggregation or release of granule contents. This occurs with washed platelets in Tyrode solution containing 0.35% albumin, human fibrinogen, and apyrase, and in platelet-rich, heparin- or hirudin-plasma. Conditions that caused release during ADP-inducedaggregation were-citrate as the anticoagulant in platelet-rich plasma; addition of citrate (11-15 mM) to a suspension of washed platelets, or to hirudin-plasma or heparin-plasma; suspension of platelets in a medium containing magnesium but no calcium;and the presence of trace amounts of thrombin or aggregated gamma globulin in the platelet suspensions. Acetylsalicylic acid, phenylbutazone, or sulfinpyrazone inhibited secondary aggregation and release in all these circumstances. Heparin or hirudin inhibited ADP-INDUCED SECONDARY AGGREGATION AND RELEASE PROMOTED BY TRACES OF THROMBIN. Although fibrinogen is required for ADP-induced primary aggregation, it does not support secondary aggregation and release, provided that it has no clot-promoting activity. The main agent responsible for ADP-induced secondary aggregation and release in human, citrated, platelet-rich plasma appears to be sodium citrate. Suspending washed human platelets in a medium without calcium mimics the effect of citrate. PMID- 50746 TI - Mechanical devices for arterial occlusion. PMID- 50747 TI - The indirect hemagglutination test for malaria. Evaluation of antigens prepared from Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. AB - Soluble antigens were prepared from Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax and were evaluated in the indirect hemagglutination test. These antigens, attached to aldehyde-fixed type "O" erythrocytes, detected antibodies in more than 91% of infections with the homologous Plasmodium species. Detection rates in infections caused by the heterologous species ranged from 72% to 76%. Positive reactions occurred in less than 2% of sera from persons without malaria infection. PMID- 50748 TI - Specificity and sensitivity of skin test reactions to extracts of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum II. Homologous 48-hour passive cutaneous anaphylaxis tests with sera from infected guinea pigs. AB - The specificity and sensitivity of adult and larval somatic antigens and perienteric fluid of Toxocara canis and Ascaris suum were investigated by using a modified passive cutaneous anaphylaxis procedure in guinea pigs. Pooled sera from animals infected with low doses (0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 egg/g) were most reactive with the homologous larval antigen preparation. However, the Toxocara antisera were highly reactive with this antigen only, whereas the Ascaris antisera reactions could not be interpreted as being clearly positive with any of the antigen preparations. Sera from hyperinfected animals were also reactive with the homologous larval antigen. In addition, Ascaris larval antigen was reactive with Toxocara antiserum. The reciprocal relationship, i.e., reactivity of Toxocara larval antigen with Ascaris antiserum, was no apparent. In no instance did adult antigens induce reactions that could be interpreted as specific or sensitive indicators of antibody. PMID- 50749 TI - Isolation of arboviruses (Kemerovo group, Sakhalin group) from Ixodes uriae collected at Macquarie Island, Southern ocean. AB - Eighty-nine pools of ticks (Ixodes [Ceratixodes] uriae White) collected at Macquarie Island (54 degrees 30' S, 159 degrees E) in the Southern Ocean yielded 16 strains of 2 viruses, 1 a "new" member of the Kemerovo group and 1 a "new" member of the Sakhalin group. The names "Nugget" and "Taggert" are proposed for them. Antigenically-related viruses have therefore now been isolated from I. uriae in both subarctic and subantarctic regions. PMID- 50750 TI - Management of primary liver cell carcinoma. AB - A review of 352 patients with primary liver cell carcinoma treated by the author is presented. The poor rate of resectability (7 per cent) has necessitated various forms of treatment over the years. These are described in detail. Based on this experience, the current form of treatment for nonresectable carcinoma is summarized. Although it is too early to assess this form of treatment, initial results appear to be promising. A second report in the near future is planned. PMID- 50751 TI - Substructure in rod photoreceptor membranes. AB - Frog retinae, fixed only in buffered glutaraldehyde, were embedded for sectioning in glutaraldehyde polymerized with urea. In suitably thin sections globular substructures were seen in negative contrast after ionic staining with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, or after staining with neutralized phosphotungstic acid. Efforts to extract at least some of the lipid from sections before ionic staining enhanced the visualization of the "globules". Exposure to KMnO4 solution, used as an oxidative section stain, also outlined globular substructure in negative contrast, but with the additional feature that positively stained surface "leaflets" associated with the aqueous compartment were well defined. Staining sections with OSO4 vapor resulted in positively stained membranes, but without any evident substructure. However, when sections which previously had been exposed to OSO4 vapor were secondarily stained with uranyl acetate and/or lead citrate, positively stained globular substructures then were revealed. The globular substructures always were centered in the hydrophobic core region of the disc membranes, and symmetrically spanned the full thickness of this layer. The diameter of individual particles approximated 50-55 A. Reasons are presented for the supposition that the evident globules incorporate at least hydrophobic components of rhodopsin molecules. Findings are discussed in relation to various models of disc membrane organization that have been proposed in recent years. PMID- 50752 TI - Specialized contacts of astrocytes with astrocytes and with other cell types in the spinal cord of the cat. AB - Adult and half grown healthy male and female cats were used in this study. The white and gray matter of dorsolateral region in the upper lumbar levels of the spinal cord were examined by electron microscopy after fixation by aldehyde perfusion and commonly used methods of embedding, sectioning and staining. The report is limited to description and illustration of specialized junctions of astrocytes. In addition to previously described astrocyte-astrocyte gap junctions, astrocytes are connected by gap junctions to oligodendroglia cells and to neurons. Astrocytes also are connected with each other and with neurons by juctions characterized by wide (250 A) gaps containing opaque gap material and by dense material adhering to the inner surfaces of the plasma membranes. The results suggest a morphological basis for adhesion and intercommunication between all adult derivatives of the embryonic neural tube. PMID- 50753 TI - Correspondence of silver nitrate staining patterns in decalcified bone withe the microradiographic image. AB - A procedure for differential staining of decalcified bone with silver nitrate showed major histological features which appeared to correspond closely to microradiographic images. The extent to which this is actually the case was investigated directly by preparing microradiographs of ground sections of baboon and dog radii and then decalcifying and staining the same sections. The many detailed similarities indicate that this staining procedure is a useful adjunct to microradiography. Thus, poorly mineralized osteons or layers of circumferential lamellae are darker stained by silver nitrate, and the variably mineralized layers of circumferential lamellae are closely duplicated by light and dark bands in the stained sections. These similarities imply that there is a relationship between the mineral density of bone and some condition of the organic matrix which is probably related to maturation changes in the collagen. PMID- 50754 TI - Occupational diseases of the lungs. PMID- 50755 TI - Haemophilus somnus complex: antigenicity and specificity of fractions of Haemophilus somnus. AB - Five Haemophilus somnus type 8025 preparations (whole cell, sonicate, crude polysaccharide, purified polysaccharide, and protein) were produced for studies of their antigenicity in rabbits. Bacterial agglutination and passive hemagglutination tests were used to assess the level of antibody produced in rabbits inoculated with the different antigenic preparations. Cross-reactions were seen between the antiserums against the H sumnus 8025 antigens and a variety of related and unrelated bovine pathogens. The strongest cross-reaction occurred between antiserums against H somnus 8025 whole cell and crude polysaccharide antigens and Haemophilus agni and Actinobacillus lignieresii cell suspensions. PMID- 50756 TI - Antiarrhythmic effects of diazepam during coronary artery occlusion in dogs. AB - The ventral interventricular branch of the left coronary artery was ligated in a 2-step operation in 10 dogs whose electrocardiograms and systemic arterial blood pressures were then monitored during the next 7 days. Monitoring was done in awake dogs given 1 mg of diazepam per kilogram of body weight (intravenously administered in 3 dogs and orally in 7). Because ventricualr ectopic activity was greatest during the interval of 10 to 48 hours after ligation, the antiarrhythmic activity of diazepam was recorded during this 38-hour interval. After administration of diazepam by either route, frequency of ventricular ectopic beats decreased from 98 to 80%. THIS REDUCTION BETAN IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION AND PERSISTED FOR ONLY 5 MINUTES; REDUCTION BEGAN APPROXIMATELY 1 HOUR AFTER THE ORAL ADMINISTRATION AND PERSISTED 4 TO 6 HOURS. Systemic arterial blood pressure decreased only after the intravenous administration. It is concluded that diazepam is effective in reducing the frequency of ventricular ectopic activity after occlusion of major branches of coronary arteries, that diazepam works independent of alterations in systemic arterial blood pressure, and that orally administered diazepam prolongs antiarrhythmic activity. Possibly, the adjuvants present in the parenteral form of diazepam reduce antiarrhythmic activity by being, themselves, arrhythmogenic. PMID- 50757 TI - Editorial: Relating to dying patients. PMID- 50758 TI - [Bacterial cytostimulation by specific antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - Antibodies bound to the surface of Escherichia coli cells stimulate the rate of growth of these bacteria in proportion to their quantity. This "cytostimulation" of the bacteria is confirmed by (1) the increase in optical density, (2) colony counts and (3) increase in the beta-galactosidase activity of a constitutive strain. This action can be amplified by overlaying the antibodies bound to the bacteria, with anti-antibodies. The cytostimulation is accompanied by an increase of the ratio in phosphatidylglycerol to diphosphatidyl-glycerol in the bacteria. PMID- 50759 TI - Innervation of the cochlea of the guinea pig by use of the Golgi stain. AB - Nerve fibers with distinctive branching patterns have been demonstrated in guinea pigs by use of the Golgi stain. The cochlear nerve fibers in the basal turn tend to supply a limited segment of the basilar membrane and have most endings on a single row of hair cells. The efferent olivocochlear nerve fibers ramify in a manner which varies from base to apex. Some efferents which terminate on outer hair cells also give branches which course in the inner spiral bundle. Other nerve fibers were studied in the spiral lamina which did not penetrate into the organ of Corti. PMID- 50760 TI - Eustachian tube lymphatics. AB - Serous otitis media is the most common cause of hearing impairment. The role of lymphatic obstruction in the pathogeneis of serous otitis media is significant. A method for removeal of the human Eustachian tube specimen and two techniques for identification of Eustachian tube lymphatic capillaries are described. One involves the antemorten intratympanic installation of Berlin blue. The other utilizes electron microscopy. Lymphatic capillaries cannot be reliably differentiated from blood capillaries with the light microscope. With electron microscopy, lymphatic capillaries can be differentiated from blood capillaries by differences in the basement membrane. The lymphatic capillary has gaps in the basement membrane with large nuclei in the wall. A blood capillary has a continuous basement membrane and sometimes red blood cells be be identified in the lumen. Using these methods, Eustachian tube lymphatic capillaries in the human are described for the first time in this report. PMID- 50761 TI - Branched-chain amino acid substitutions in the biosynthesis of the antibiotic actinomycin. AB - Actinomycins normally contain N-methyl-l-valine and either d-valine, d alloisoleucine or both amino acids in the molecule. During antibiotic formation in a medium supplemented with one of the four isoleucine stereoisomers, Streptomyces parvulus and S. chrysomallus form complex actinomycin mixtures (C(1), C(2), C(3), E(1), and E(2)-like compounds). Although chromatographic techniques suggested that single homogeneous components had been isolated, subsequent studies indicated that such chromatographic fractions probably consisted of multiple isomers of actinomycin. Amino acid analyses revealed the presence of N-methylvaline and/or N-methylalloisoleucine and, in addition, d isoleucine, d-valine, and d-alloisoleucine were frequently found in a given fraction. PMID- 50762 TI - Tyrosinase activity in three types of the malignant melanoma: superficial spreading melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma and nodular melanoma. AB - Quantitative differences in the tyrosinase activity are found at the three types of malignant melanoma of Clark and Mihm by the combined 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine-premelanin-reaction. Only a very small activity is present in the junction nevus. In the superficial spreading melanoma the tyrosinase activity is clear, but limited. The lentigo maligna melanoma shows an increased pigmentation. The topmost activity after incubation however is present in the nodular melanoma. PMID- 50763 TI - Naturally occurring anti-inflammatory factors in the synovial fluids of patients with rheumatic disease and their possible mode of action. AB - Evidence has been shown that pathological synovial fluid contained a substance capable of stabilizing rat liver lysosomes which was partly inactivated by treatment with trypsin and by storage. Such synovial fluid also appeared to contain a substance which labilized lysosomes and which was more stable than the stabilizing substance. (2) The lysosomal stabilizing substance described above was nondialysable and migrated electrophoretically with the alpha and beta globulins to which class it has been tentatively ascribed. (3) Pathological synovial fluid contained proteases which were active at acid pH and at neutral pH. It also appeared to contain a substance capable of inhibiting these proteases. (4) Alpha2-Macroglobulin has been detected in pathogenic synovial fluid. PMID- 50764 TI - Serum immunoglobulin levels and electrophoretic patterns of serum proteins in trypanosome-infected bushbuck (Tragelaphus scriptus). AB - Serum immunoglobulin levels and relative proportions of serum proteins were determined in bushbuck and zebu cattle inhabiting tsetse-infested areas of Uganda and animals living in tsetse-free areas. Serum IgM pand IgG levels were significantly increased in infected bushbuck and zebu cattle. Serum from captive bushbuck showed low levels of immunoglobulins. Serum protein concentrations in infected and non-infected cattle were similar but infected bushbuck had higher serum protein levels than uninfected animals. PMID- 50765 TI - [General pharmacologic properties of silybine and silymarine in the rat]. AB - Silybine is the main active substance of the polyhydroxyphenylchromanone derivatives extracted from the seeds of Silybum Marianum. In the normal albinos rat, this pure compound (from 2 mg/100 g) lowers directly the systemic blood pressure. It does not increase vascular permeability. It potentiates post serotonine hypertension. Silybine antagonizes cutaneous oedemas and suppresses the fall of blood pressure induced by dextran polymers. It inhibits anaphylactic shock in rats sensitized by ovalbumine. Silybine seems to be a stabilizer of mastcells membranes, thus preventing histamine release. PMID- 50766 TI - Effect of morphine, hydromorphone, methadone, mescaline, trypan blue, vitamin A, sodium salicylate, and caffeine on the serum interferon level in response to viral infection. AB - The ability of morphine, hydromorphone, methadone, mescaline, trypan blue, vitamin A, sodium salicylate and caffeine to alter the circulating serum level of interferon was investigated in mice. Sodium salicylate, and caffeine increased the serum level of interferon; however, the interferon increase produced by sodium salicylate was dose-dependent, i.e. low doses increased interferon titers, high doses decreased the titers. All other compounds decreased the circulating level of interferon. These results suggest that compounds of varied structure and biological activity, and possessing teratogenic potential, are capable of depressing the circulating level of interferon. Some of these "anti-interferon" compounds, i.e. morphine, hydromorphone, methadone, depressed interferon levels at all doses whereas sodium salicylate decreased the interferon level only at relatively high dose levels. PMID- 50768 TI - [The role of afferent barosensory neurons in respiratory and bronchomotor control]. AB - Ventilatory and bronchomotor responses to baroreceptor afferent stimulation were studied in anaesthetized rabbits breathing spontaneously. The stimuli used were either the increase in carotid sinus pressure or the electrical stimulation of the cut central end of the aortic nerve. Respiratory effects of aortic barodenervation were also studied. Normoxic, normocapnic steady state was verified by repeated measurement of PO2, PCO2 and pH in arterial blood. Stimulation of both aortic and carotid baroreceptors provoked an early decrease of tidal volume and total pulmonary resistances without change in respiratory frequency. Aortic nerve stimulation induced an important and slowly adapting ventilatory and bronchomotor effect, whereas changes in carotid sinus pressure produced slight variation in respiratory parameters. Aortic nerve section resulted in an early and prolonged increase of total pulmonary resistances. Surgical or chemical (atropine) vagotomy did not change the bronchodilation observed under stimulation of the carotid sinus; however this effect was suppressed by intravenous injection of propranolol. This observation shows the importance of the sympathetic outflow in the genesis of bronchomotor responses following baroreceptor stimulation. In conclusion the baroreceptor stimulation provokes simultaneous decrease of both ventilation and total pulmonary resistances; aortic nerves seemed to exert permanent control on bronchomotor tone. PMID- 50767 TI - Susceptibility to persistence of Australia antigen. AB - To test the hypothesis that liver function is different in populations with inherited susceptibility to persistent Australia antigen (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]), Sardinians living in Turin, Italy, were compared with their native Turinese neighbors. The study was controlled for age, sex, place of birth, and presence or absence of persistent HBsAg. Slight differences in liver function were found in the Sardinians compared with the Turinese. Their values were in the direction of abnormality. Sardinians also had considerably higher serum gamma globulin levels than the Turinese. The levels of alpha2-globulin by electrophoresis correlated with the presence of HBsAg. PMID- 50769 TI - [Stimulation of the paravascular carotid receptors by bradykinin]. AB - In the rat, intra-arterial injection of bradykinin produces either hypotension associated with polypnea or excitation with polypnea and a biphasic cardiovascular response. Intra-arterial injection of PGE, produces similar effects. Bradykinin and PGE sensitize each other. Indomethacine abolishes all vascular responses induced by bradykinin, but fails to reduce them when bradykinin is injected simultaneously with low doses of PGE. It is concluded that stimulation of paravascular nociceptive receptors is wholly responsible for the reactions by intracarotid injection of bradykinin. PMID- 50770 TI - [Synchronized responses of the masseter muscle to vibration]. PMID- 50771 TI - Reactions in vitro of the hemolymph of Psilopa petrolei (Larva) (Diptera Ephydridae). PMID- 50772 TI - Proceedings: Simple cells in area 18 of the cat? PMID- 50773 TI - [Proceedings: Eye movements evoked by stimulation of the tubercle of the corpora quadrigemina in the awake cat]. PMID- 50774 TI - [Proceedings: Preparation and characteristics of an antigitaloxigenin for the study of the pharmacodynamics of gitaloxine and pentaformylgitoxine]. PMID- 50775 TI - Proceedings: Chemical control of the lipid phase transition in black lecithin films. PMID- 50776 TI - Proceedings: Noise generated during ion transport across frog skin. PMID- 50777 TI - Proceedings: Characteristics of ouabain inhibition in frog skin. PMID- 50778 TI - Proceedings: The effects of hypothalamic and reflexogenic hypertension on renal and femoral circulation. AB - In anaesthetized dogs, electrical stimulation of the median posterior hypothalamus provoked hypertension accompanied by a decrease of renal blood flow and an increase of femoral blood flow. Similar hypothalamic reactions occurred after bilateral cervical vagotomy or after atropine, 2 mg/kg i.v. During reflexogenic hypertension induced by bilateral carotid occlusion in bivagotomized dogs, the renal and femoral blood flows were not significantly modified. The decrease of the renal blood flow and the increase of the femoral blood flow, during hypothalamic stimulation were greatly reduced or reversed after R 28935 equals erythro-1-(1--e12-(1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl)-2-OH-Et]-4-piperidyl)-2 benzimidaxolinone, 80 mug/kg i.v., but not after clonidine, 5 mug/kg i.v. PMID- 50779 TI - Proceedings: Intracellula Na and K concentrations and membrane potential in chick embryonic heart under hypoxic conditions. PMID- 50780 TI - Aequorin and intracellular calcium movements in skeletal muscle fibres. PMID- 50782 TI - Proceedings: Refractory period in hypoxia and in high extracellular potassium in the embryonic chick heart. PMID- 50781 TI - Proceedings: The inactivation of Sr2+-inward current in cardiac Purkyne fibres. PMID- 50783 TI - Proceedings: Influence of lactate, pyruvate and acetate on the velocity of conduction in rabbit atria, depressed by metabolic acidosis. PMID- 50784 TI - Proceedings: The recovery of frog sartorius muscles tetanized at 20 degrees C. PMID- 50786 TI - [Proceedings: Electric impedance measurements used for determination of intra- and extracellular space]. PMID- 50785 TI - [Proceedings: Urinary excretion of magnesium in the dog]. PMID- 50789 TI - [Proceedings: A simple statistical method to predict protein conformations]. PMID- 50787 TI - Proceedings: Effect of dantrolene sodium on skeletal muscle contractions. PMID- 50788 TI - [Proceedings: Incorporation of uridine-3H in DNA in cleaving mouse ova]. PMID- 50790 TI - [ Proceedings: Structural modification of the internal mitochondrial membrane in a thermosensitive, respiratory deficient yeast mutant]. PMID- 50791 TI - Proceedings: Phytochrome-controlled endomitosis during the process of cell elongation in the epicotyl of Pisum sativum seedlings. PMID- 50792 TI - [Proceedings: Microscopy and physical chemistry of virions from a sub-line of L cells]. PMID- 50793 TI - Proceedings: Behaviour of cotyledons in decapitated seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Limburg. PMID- 50794 TI - Proceedings: Acid-soluble chromosomal proteins from pea seedlings. PMID- 50795 TI - Proceedings: Solubilization of the nucleoside triphosphate phosphoydrolase of the unfertilized hen's ovovitelline membrane. PMID- 50796 TI - Proceedings: Variations in cyclic AMP levels in the epididymal adipose tissue of normal and congenitally obese mice. PMID- 50797 TI - Proceedings: Chemical changes in the chorionic membrane of Teleost embryos caused by hatching enzyme. PMID- 50799 TI - [Proceedings: Isopycnic centrifugation (continous and discontinous in zonal rotors (HS and B XIV) of membrane fractions from bovine thyroid gland]. PMID- 50800 TI - [Proceedings: RNA polymerases of KB cells. Transcription in vitro of cellular DNA of high molecular weight]. PMID- 50798 TI - Proceedings: Influence of Zn2+ and pH on the stability and activity of alpha-D mannosidase from Medicago sativa L. PMID- 50801 TI - Proceedings: The molecular mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics: the solution of an apparent paradox. PMID- 50802 TI - Proceedings: Synthesis in vitro of Escherichia coli carbamoylphosphate synthetase. PMID- 50803 TI - Proceedings: Recombination between the v and c region markers in rabbit immunoglubulin. PMID- 50804 TI - Proceedings: Alkaline phosphatase activity in neutrophil and eosinophil leucocytes. PMID- 50805 TI - Investigation on the acute toxic effect of pyrethrum on the blood glucose and of glucose administration on the acute pyrethrum toxicity in Meriones hurrianae Jerdon (Rodentia). AB - The effect of different doses of pyrethrum on the blood glucose level and glucose tolerance in pytethrum-administered gerbils, were investigated. Pyrethrum produces hyperglycemia and lowers the glucose tolerance indicating an impairment in the uptake and utilization of glucose. The possible reasons for these effects are discussed. PMID- 50806 TI - Proceedings: Intercellular persistence of Bacillus subtilis transforming DNA in Phaseolus aureus plants. PMID- 50807 TI - [Proceedings: dinucleotide conformations, determined by calculations of conformational energy]. PMID- 50808 TI - [Proceedings: Some biochemical properties of bovine leukemia virus]. PMID- 50809 TI - Proceedings: Importance of DNA size for integration in plant materials. PMID- 50810 TI - Proceedings: Integration and replication of bacterial DNA in barley root cells. PMID- 50811 TI - Proceedings: Comparative effects of N-bromosuccinimide on lysozymes of hen egg white and of human origin. PMID- 50813 TI - Proceedings: Pressure and temperature dependence of the cooperative interactions in Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase. PMID- 50812 TI - [Proceedings: Plasmids in Rhizobium japonicum]. PMID- 50814 TI - [Proceedings: Binding of purified cytochrome b5 on plasma membranes]. PMID- 50815 TI - [Proceedings: Thiol-groups in a beta-D-xylosidase]. PMID- 50816 TI - Proceedings: Existence of two allelic forms of the rabbit immunoglobulin light chain marker b4. PMID- 50817 TI - Proceedings: Krebs-Henseleit urea cycle in cultured human diploid fibroblasts. PMID- 50818 TI - Proceedings: Extensive sequence differences in rabbit light chains of allotype b4 and b9. PMID- 50819 TI - The inotropic memory of amphibian myocardium. I.-Identification of two stimultaneous mechanisms and statement of a model. AB - (1) The effects of previous contractions on the actual contractile strength is studied in strips of toad ventricle. The inotropic effect is quantified by superposing a conditioning contraction to a rhythm of definite frequency, its measure being the difference in strength between a rhythm contraction in the presence and in the absence of the conditioning one. (2) The inotropic effect is studied as a function of the interval between the actual and conditioning contractions. Depressed sections of the curve, associated to shortened action potentials, are detected and excluded. (3) The inotropic effect is always positive at low frequencies, but at higher frequencies and long intervals it becomes negative. (4)In high calcium concentration the inotropic effect is always negative and does not depend on frequency. Morever, the joint effect of two previous contractions is equal to the sum of the individual effects of each one. (5) The results are interpreted in terms of two independent elementary processes, one of which potentiates whereaas the other inhibits the strength of contraction. The former disappears in high calcium. Assuming some simple properties for these processes a mathematical expression has been achieved. This expression describes the inotropic effect of any sequence of contractions as a function of intervals involved. PMID- 50820 TI - On biochemical and structural alterations on the nacre conchiolon in the Nautilus shell under conditions of protracted moderate heating and pressure. PMID- 50821 TI - Heart rate and myocardial substrate preference during normal and hypoxic perfusion of the heart in vivo. AB - Selective utilization of carbohydrates and FFA by the heart was studied on the open-chest dog preparation. The heart was paced at frequencies from 120-240/min, and arterial and coronary venous blood samples were taken at these frequencies both during normal ventilation and hypoxia (arterial PO2 similar to 55 mmHg). The concentrations of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and FFA were determined, and substrate utilization was calculated from these values and coronary blood flow. It was found that increased heart rate, particularly during hypoxia, increased utilization of both glucose and FFA. However, the relative amount of the energy produced from glucose utilization was minimal during hypoxia and most glucose underwent glycolysis only. Thus, whereas in control conditions of the relation between carbohydrate and FFA was about 60% to 40% during hyposia and high frequency the relation was reversed and almost 90% of all energy produced was supplied by FFA. PMID- 50822 TI - [Volumetric determination of the mean alveolar air exchange, during rest and moderate exercise]. PMID- 50823 TI - Free amino acids in normal and varicose human saphenous veins. AB - An increase in the activity of lysosomal enzymes in varicose veins has been suggested in the literature, as well as an alteration of collagen fibrils situated near muscle cells. In view of these results, we have compared the free amino acid contents of varicose veins with those of healthy veins removed few hours after death. The amino acid analyses of extracts have shown that the varicose vein appears to contain about 2.7 times more free amino acids than normal one, except in the case of phosphoethanolamine. Controls have shown that this discrepancy can be ascribed to a rapid liakage of the amino acids after death. The absence of hydroxyproline suggests that collagen does not seem liable to degradation in the varicose vein. On the other hand, the constant phosphoethanolamine content found can be attributed to a much higher concentration of this compound in the varicose vein or alternatively, to a postmortem process of degradation, compensating for the losses due to diffusion. PMID- 50824 TI - Inhibition of potassium uptake by low concentrations of norepinephrine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP. AB - (1) The inhibition of potassium uptake by low concentration of norepinephrine (3 X 10-8 M) and of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP, 10 minus5 M) was studied in cardiac Purkyne fibres. (2) The inhibitory action of DBcAMP on K uptake was abolished by the alpha blocker phentolamine. (3) Norepinephrine alone decreased K uptake and such inhibition was somewhat larger when DBcAMP was added. DBcAMP alone caused the usual decrease in K uptake but addition of norepinephrine abolished it. (4) The inhibition caused by norepinephrine reduced the increase in uptake caused by a high concentration (10 minus 3 M) of DBcAMP. (5) The inhibitory effect of norepinephrine was reversed in the presence of high concentration of magnesium (5.25 mM). (6) The inhibitory effect of norepinephrine was reversed by aminophylline and abolished by caffeine. (7) The inhibitory action of norepinephrine and BCcAMP was reversed or abolished, respectively, by imidazole. (8) It is concluded that the inhibition of potassium uptake by low concentration of DBcAMP is mediated by an alpha receptor mechanism and that possibly the "receptors" for this effect of norepinephrine and DBcAMP are located at different sites. Also it appears that DBcAMP may be acting at the membrane and that the action of methylxanthines and imidazole is not necessarily mediated only by a modification of phosphodiesterase activity. PMID- 50825 TI - Octanoate metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver. II. Comparison with a long chain fatty acid. AB - Liver of fed rats was perfused in vitro with 10 mmoles/litre lactic acid. Supplementary addition of octanoic acid (1.2 mmoles/litre) increased production of ketone bodies. By doubling the quantity of medium chain fatty acid, production of ketone bodies was doubled. Octanoic acid is as ketogenic aspalmitoleic acid if the two fatty acids are compared molecule by molecule. However, C8 : O is more ketogenic that C16: 1 when the comparison is effected on the basis of an identical number of acetyl groups. Octanoic acid increases glucose production by the liver. It was not possible to show the same phenomenon in the presence of palmitoleic acid. During oxidation of fatty acids the beta hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate and lactate/pyruvate ratios of the perfusion medium were increased. PMID- 50826 TI - Loss of agglutinating specificity in stock cultures of Rhizobium meliloti. AB - Several strains of Rhizobium meliloti which have been subcultured for 23-33 years have changed from being markedly specific in their somatic agglutination reactions to become widely cross-reactive. On the other hand a fresh collection of the same species obtained from naturally nodulated, field-grown plants revealed the high degree of agglutinating specificity which had previously characterised the old cultures. Attempts to reselect a specific substrain from old cross-agglutinating cultures by six plant passages, or to detect change to cross reactivity by ten successive subcultures of recent isolates were unsuccessful. However, one strain, isolated in 1939, was recently found to contain both specific and cross-reactive substrains. Practically all the cultures, both old and recent, showed considerable mutability in colony characteristics but none of these was consistently correlated with cross agglutinability. Instability in 6.4% (w/v) NaCl was characteristic of the cross agglutinating cultures. Cross reactivity was associated with a shared lipopolysaccharide antigen (LPS) which appeared to be obscured by an outer antigen in most strains still showing specific agglutinability. In the exceptional case of strain SU27, agglutination could be attributed to its specific LPS. PMID- 50827 TI - [Degradation of 14C, 3H, and 36Cl-labelled gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane by anaerobic soil microorganisms (author's transl)]. AB - Up to 90% of the gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-HCH) applied to an anaerobic mixed bacterial flora enriched from an arable soil were degraded within 4-5 days. Degradation resulted in a rapid release of chloride and in formation of chlorine free volatile metabolites. CO2 formation from the molecule was not detected. Investigations with 14C/3H- and 36Cl/3H double-labelled gamma-HCH indicated that the release of Cl and H did not occur in the ratio of 1:1. More Cl than H was split off. The volatile compounds contained more 14C than 3H. Gas chromatographic studies also showed the rapid decrease of gamma-HCH and the formation of several metabolities. gamma-Pentachlorocyclohexene was nto detected. Increasing O2 contents in the gas phase of cultures resulted in decreases of the compound's degradation. Release of chloride and of volatile metabolites were observed with O2 contents in the gas phase up to 5%. alpha-HCH was also, but more slowly as with gamma-HCH, degraded by the anaerobic mixed flora. Chloride was released and volatile, chlorine-free metabolites were found. PMID- 50828 TI - A behavioral intervention program for chronic public drunkenness offenders. AB - A reinforcement contingency management system for ten chronic public drunkenness offenders was evaluated for short-term effects. Chronic inebriates were provided with required goods and services through skid row community agencies contingent on their sobriety. Intoxication resulted in a five-day suspension of all goods and services. Excessive drinking behavior was assessed by direct observations of intoxication and by randomly administered breath alcohol analyses. As a result of this intervention, subjects substantially decreased their number of public drunkenness arrests and their alcohol consumption, and increased their number of hours employed. No such changes were observed in a control group that received services on a noncontingent basis. Longer-term research studies of one to two years rather than a few months would be required before any widespread use of this approach would be warranted. PMID- 50829 TI - Quantitative serum levels of pregnancy associated alpha2-globulin in patients with benign and malignant tumours. AB - Pregnancy associated alpha2-globulin estimations were made in the serum of 100 tumour-cases. This characteristically pregnancy protein could be found in 63 p.c. of the tumour cases. The number of positive sera was higher, than in normal controls. The serum level of pregnancy associated alpha 2-globulin was between 1 and 10 mg p.c. in 34 cases, between 11 and 20 mg p.c. in 19 cases and value above 20 mg p.c. could only be found in 10 patients. This alpha2-globulin positivity could be seen more frequently in female than in male patients. Role and significance of alpha2-globulin is discussed. PMID- 50830 TI - [Isolation and characterization of a high molecular weight placental protein (PPg)(author's transl)]. AB - The isolation and characterization of a high molecular weight protein (PP6) from human placentae is described. The protein which apparently has some steroid binding properties shows the mobility of an alpha1-globulin and has a molecular weight of around 1 X 10(6) daltons. The molecule is composed of several different subunits with molecular weights ranging from 200,000-35,000 daltons which are held together by non-covalent bonds. Immunofluorescent studies revealed that the placental protein PP6 is localized in the nuclei of the syncytiotrophoblast. But PP6 is not specific for the placenta; this protein is also found in extracts from other human tissues as well as in the erythrocytes. PP6 usually is not present in normal sera but in some cases it could be detected in concentrations ranging from 1-3 mg per 100 ml in sera from pregnant women and in sera from patients with malignant tumors. PMID- 50831 TI - [Cytofotometrically Determined DNA-pattern of premalignant cases of dysplasia of the cervix uteri. Contribution to the problem of morphologic definition and clinical sigificance of these lesions (author's transl)]. AB - 24 cases of probably benign and precancerous epithelial lesions of the cervix uteri were analysed cytofotometrically. The specimens were stained after the method of Feulgen. Benign epithelial changes for instance metaplasia, regenerating epithelium, atrophic and parakeratotic epithelium, basal cell hyperplasia and cervix epithelium irritated by inflammation, had normal diploid DNA-pattern. On the contrary premalignant dysplasia of all stages show an aneuploid DNA-content in every case. The cases of dysplasia had no diploid mode, an atypical proliferation with polyploidisation of an atypical way, DNA-stemlines and a broad scattering of DNA-values. Carcinoma in situ had a similar DNA content. These data confirm the hypothesis premalignant dyplasia is a reality between normal cervical epithelium and carcinoma in situ. For now only severe grades of dysplasia have been treated by operation (i. e. conisation, hystectomy) not the low grade cases of dysplasia. With regard to DNA-histograms of dysplasia of all grades this seems to be unjustified. PMID- 50832 TI - [Possible quantification of vascularization and of non-proliferating, hypoxic and nerotic proportions of lung cancer in man (author's transl)]. AB - In hematoxylin-eosin stained quatorial sections of 14 human bronchial tumors, the relative proportions of different tissue elements were determined in two perpendicular planes, 500 and 200 mu wide, using the target principle. Data characterizing the level of necrotization of these tumors have revealed a poor supply of oxygen and nutritive substances to tumors in which large stroma areas were alternating with large fields of tumor parenchyma. As anticipated, necrotization increases with increasing size of the tumor. A network of narrow stroma strips in the tumor affords a more favourable supply of the cells. The proportions of necrotic, hypoxic and GO areas were calculated. PMID- 50834 TI - [Structure and histochemical characteristics of the mucosa of the Vater's ampulla in man (according to materials of aimed biopsies)]. AB - Examination of 52 aimed duodenal biopsies has revealed that there are several variants of the structure of the Vater's papilla mucous membrane. In a number of cases it is identicalto the mucous membrane of the duodenum. In 20 cases the Vater's papilla was covered with mucoid epithelium which was histochemically similar to the epithelium lining the stomach, bile ducts and the gallbladder. The "intermedial" forms found in these cases appearedto be capable to change into mucoid or edging epithelium. The mucous cells occasionally found in the Vater's papilla epithelium might be a variation of goblet cells. It seems that they are secreting by holocrine type. PMID- 50835 TI - [Receptors with circular nerve apparatus]. AB - The observations conducted by Bielschowski-Gross method and intravital staining with methylene blue after A.S. Dogiel have shown that the receptors with an annular nervous apparatus are located in the muscular sheath, nerve bundles and ganglia of the intermusclar plexus of the oesophagus, stomach and small intertine of birds. For the first time it was shown taht the receptors with the annular nervous apparatus were not of the central origin but might be formed by dendrites of the vegetative neurons of digestive tract. PMID- 50836 TI - [Morphological changes in the small intestine of rats after its temporary exclusion from blood circulation]. AB - The experiments were performed in 56 albino rats (15of them served as a control. The small intestine was excluded from the blood circulation for 45minutes and then pieces of the proximal and distal parts of the intestine were taken forhistological and histochemical study. It was shown that such a term of anemia resulted indeep but reversible changes in the mucous sheath and in the intramural nervous apparatus of thesmall intestine. The state of the organ wall became normal in 15 days after operation. PMID- 50837 TI - [Circadian rhythm of proliferative processes in the sebaceous glands]. AB - The proliferation process indices (such as the mitotic activity 0/00,labelled cell 0/00 and the amount of mitoses arrested by colchicine 0/00) were studied in two sebaceous glands of rats-the gland of the external auditory meatus and the tarsal sebaceous gland. It was established that the diurnal changes of the number of mitotically dividing cells and the DNA synthesizing cells could be presented as one-peak curves, the maximum falling on the night and morning hours and the minimum-on the day-time and evening. The average diurnal mitotic activity in terminal portions was 16, 3-1, 9 and the average amount of labelled cells was 76, 9-6, 1. In the excretory ducts they were 13, 0-1,6 and 65, 6-5, 4 respectively. The amount of C-mitoses in rats which were given colchicine was 75, 7-5,1 in the morning hours and 58, 1-4, 5% in the evening hours. It permitted to calculate the duration of mitoses which were equal to 1, 9 hour in the morning and 1,2 hour in day-time. PMID- 50838 TI - [Lymphovenous anastomoses. Do they exist?]. PMID- 50839 TI - Polyacrylamide gel patterns of parotid saliva proteins in Caucasoids and Amerindians. PMID- 50841 TI - Elastofibroma. PMID- 50840 TI - Effect of experimental duck virus hepatitis infection on some biochemical constituents and enzymes in the serum of white Pekin ducklings. AB - Experimental duck virus hepatitis infection of 11-day-old white Pekin ducklings having specific maternal antibodies revealed significant changes in some biochemical constituents and enzymes of the serum during the 3 weeks following exposure. These changes included a marked decrease in the total proteins and the albumin fraction, together with a significant elevation in levels of alkaline phosphatase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, bilirubin, and creatinine. Most of these changes were attributed primarily to a deranged liver function associated with duck virus hepatitis infection. PMID- 50842 TI - Comparison of RNA-directed DNA polymerases from xenotropic and ecotropic viruses. PMID- 50843 TI - Effect of bleomycin on an RNA-DNA hybrid. PMID- 50844 TI - "A" protein of amyloidosis. Isolation of a cross-reacting component from serum by affinity chromatography. AB - A nonimmunoglobulin protein (A protein) has been isolated from amyloidotic tissue of secondary type. Antisera prepared to this protein identified a cross-reacting substance in the sera of patients with secondary amyloidosis. Sera from 70 persons with amyloidosis, 120 normal adults, 20 aged persons, and 97 patients with chronic diseases were tested for this substance. One hundred percent of secondary amyloid sera had amounts of amyloid serum component detectable by double diffusion in agar, whereas only 19 percent of primary amyloid sera were positive. Approximately 60 percent of rheumatoid sera as well as 60 per cent of sera from aged individuals were positive. Only 3 percent or normal blood donors had detectable amounts of this circulating substance. Isolation of the serum component by affinity chromatography and partial characterization have shown that it is an alpha-globulins with a molecular weight of 100,000-120,000, that it is not related antigenically to immunoglobulin or amyloid P-compoment, and that it has an amino acid analysis that is markedly different from tissue A protein. The possible participation of this substance in the genesis of amyloid is discussed. PMID- 50845 TI - Hydralazine therapy in hypertensive patients with idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Seven hypertensive patients with idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus were treated with hydralazine. They received a mean daily dose of 203 mg for a mean duration of 21 months. All were taking prednisone alone or in combination with azathioprine. During therapy with hydralazine, there were no new symptoms nor exacerbation of pre-existing symptoms attributable to systemic lupus. Laboratory parameters, including antinuclear antibody titers and complement levels, either improved or remained stable. The results indicate that hydralazine can be safely used in hypertensive patients with systemic lupus who are receiving concomitant immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 50846 TI - [Bleomycin effect on DNA replication and proliferation kinetics using Ehrlich ascites tumor as a model]. AB - The effect of the cytostatic agent bleomycin isolated from Streptomyces verticillus on DNA-synthesis and cell cycle of hyperidiploid Ehrlich-Lettre ascites tumor was studied in vivo and in vitro by means of liquid scintillation counting and pulse cytophotometry. A highly significant and dose dependent inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the tumor cells in vitro could be found. This inhibition of DNA-synthesis results in vivo in an initial decrease of cells in the S and (G9 plus M) phase in the DNA histogram. A partial synchronization of the tumor can be shown using 12.5, 25.0 and 50.0 mg/kg body weight of bleomycin. At a dose of 12.5 mg/kg body weight bleomycin, two subpopulations which pass through the cell cycle partially synchronized at a time interval of four hours, can be discriminated. This effect declines after the passage through one cell cycle. After 120 h most of the cells are in G1-area, another compartment in the late S-area and the smallest compartment in the (G2 plus M)-area of the DNA histogram. The arrest in the late S-area probably is the consequence of damage to the DNA synthetizing apparatus: DNA-synthesis cannot be completed and G2 cannot be reached. The significance of investigations concerning proliferation kinetics for tumor therapy is pointed out. PMID- 50847 TI - [Effect of ajmaline and its therapeutically used derivatives N-propylajmaline and di-monochloracetylajmaline on the functional refractory period and contractility of guinea pig atrium and aconitine arrhythmia in the rat]. AB - 1. In the isolated left atrium of the guinea pig ajmaline and di monochloracetylajmaline (DCAA) show almost the same activity concerning prolongation of the functional refractory period. 2. In contrast to this N propylajmaline (NPA) is much more effective than ajmaline. 3. NPA as compared to ajmaline and DCAA, however, shows a considerably smaller difference between the concentrations prolonging refractory period (I) and those decreasing contractility (II) in the guinea pig atrium (EC25). The quotient from I and II is 0.4 with NPA, 1.2 with ajmaline and 1.6 with DCAA. 4. Differences in efficacy similar to those observed in the guinea pig atrium are also found in experimental cardiac arrhythmias in the intact animal. NPA is much more effective than ajmaline regarding inhibition of extrasystoles, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular flutter due to aconitine infusion in the rat. In this experimental model DCAA shows slightly less activity than ajmaline; this difference is statistically significant. PMID- 50848 TI - Proceedings: Tricuspid atresia - new hope with radical palliative surgery. PMID- 50849 TI - Changes in sensitivity to radiation and to blemycin occurring during the life history of monolayer cultures of a mouse tumour cell line. AB - The response to X-radiation and to bleomycin has been measured at a number of times during the life of monolayer cultures of EMT6 mouse tumour cells. Little change in radiation sensitivity was seen at any time and no loss of the shoulder to the survival curve occurred. Cultures in early plateau phase (where a considerable amount of cell proliferation is balanced by cell loss) showed a reduced sensitivity to bleomycin when compared with cells in exponential growth. However, after a longer period in plateau phase, when proliferation had virtually ceased, the sensitivity became greater than that of exponetial phase cells. These findings are discussed with reference to the conflicting results of other workers. PMID- 50850 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen: characterization of binding with insoluble lectins. AB - Insoluble conanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were found to bind to carbohydrates on radio-labelled carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Binding by WGA was inhibited both by N-acetyl D-glucosamine and fragments of antibody to CEA, but was increased by intact antibody to CEA. This suggests that WGA binds to exposed N-acetyl D-glucosamine determinants on 125I CEA and also on antibody molecules. It also suggests that 125I CEA contains binding sites for anti-CEA which contain N-acetyl D-glucosamine as well as others which do not. Molecules of 125I CEA which bound to the insoluble lectins were more antigenic for anti-CEA than unbound molecules. These results suggest that the principal antigenic site on CEA contains N-acetyl D-glucosamine and may help to explain the agglutination of tumour cells by lectins. PMID- 50851 TI - Immunity to murine sarcoma virus induced tumours. IV. Direct cellular cytolysis of 51Cr labelled target cells in vitro and analysis of blocking factors which modulate cytotoxicity. AB - The antigen specific cell mediated cytotoxicity of MSV immune spleen lymphocytes to 51Cr labelled murine lymphoma cells was wholly abolished by pretreatment of the spleen cells with anti-theta antibody and complement. Early during the immune response to MSV the cytotoxic acitivity was inhibited by incubation of immune lymphocytes with "late progressor" or "early regressor" serum. Immune lymphocytes at later times were more refractory to such inhibition by serum blocking factors. Although unfractionated cytotoxic lymphocytes, irrespective of the time after MSV infection at which they were tested, were inhibited by soluble tumour associated antigen (TAA), a subpopulation of cytotoxic T cells was identified which was inhibited neither by antigen nor serum. PMID- 50852 TI - Studies on mouse Moloney virus induced tumours: I. The detection of p30 as a cytotoxic target on murine Moloney leukaemic spleen cells, and on an in vitro Moloney sarcoma line by antibody mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Antigenic determinants of p30, the most abundant internal virion protein of C type RNA viruses, were detected on the surface of spleen cells from mice bearing Moloney leukaemia and on an in vitro line of Moloney sarcoma, MSC. On both cell types, these determinants on the p30 molecules served as cytotoxic targets in a xenogenic complement dependent antibody mediated 51Cr release assay. Two antisera were used: a rat anti MLV -M induced lymphoma serum, and an antiserum raised in goats to either disrupted FeLV. The cytotoxic target antigens of these antisera were analysed by inhibition of cytotoxicity with viral and cellular proteins. PMID- 50853 TI - Studies on mouse Moloney virus induced tumours: II. Detection of p30 in the serum of mice with Moloney leukaemia by in vitro blocking of complement dependent antibody mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Sera from Balb/c mice bearing Moloney leukaemia block complement dependent antibody mediated cytotoxicity of an antiserum prepared in rats against syngeneic Moloney virus induced lymphomata when either spleen cells from mice bearing Moloney leukaemia (M) or an in vitro line of Moloney virus transformed cells (MSC) are used as targets. This antiserum has been shown to recognize p30, the major internal virion protein, as a cytotoxic target on these cells. Viral particles were identified by electron microscopic examination of pelleted material obtained from leukaemic sera after high speed centrifugation. However, removal of virus did not affect the capacity of the leukaemic sera to absorb cytotoxicity of rat ILR-3 for MSC targets, and only depressed somewhat its ability to absorb activity of the same antisera against M targets. Virus-free leukaemic sera also blocks complement dependent antibody mediated cytotoxicity of an antiserum prepared in goats against the gs3 determinant of p30. This indicates that the material in leukaemic sera responsible for the in vitro block of antibody mediated cytotoxicity was p30. A lesser degree of block was observed with sera obtained from normal Balb/c mice, but the nature of material responsible is as yet undefined. PMID- 50854 TI - Study of the antigenic cross reactivity between carcinoembryonic antigen and "nonspecific cross reacting antigens" (NCA and NCA 2). AB - The immunochemical relationship between CEA, NCA and NCA 2 was studied in guinea pigs. Strong cross reactions were found between these antigens, either in delayed or anaphylactic reactions. Some specific determinants for each antigen could still be demonstrated. Delayed hypersensitivity is likely to be due to the protein moiety of the molecules while anaphylactic reactivity could probably be related to their glucidic parts. Consequently, CEA and NCA have common antigenic determinants on their glucidic and peptidic moieties, perhaps more on the latter ones. PMID- 50855 TI - Cellular immunity to myelin basic protein in man and in animal model systems as measured by the macrophage migration inhibition test. AB - Lymphocytes from patients with neoplastic disease were tested for sensitization to encephalitogenic factor (EF) by the macrophage migration inhibition test. Sensitization to EF was demonstrated in 71% of patients with various forms of neoplastic disease. Sensitization to EF was also demonstrated for 31% of subjects with no evidence of neoplastic disease; these included patients with warts, chronic bronchitis and hernias. In contrast, healthy subjects showed no sensitization to myelin basic protein. These observations suggest that sensitization to EF may not be confined to patients with neoplastic disease. Lymphocytes from hamsters bearing a transplanted virus induced tumour were sensitized to EF prepared from both human and hamster brain. Sensitization was also seen in hamsters infected with influenza virus but not in animals with acute tubular necrosis produced by glycerol treatment. The development of an animal model system provides a method for the investigation of possible mechanisms of sensitization. PMID- 50856 TI - Differences in proliferative activity of rat and human prostate in culture. AB - The properties of human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and rat prostate were compared after culture in the absence of insulin and testosterone. Quantitative methods were used to assess changes in tissue composition and the height of the epithelial cells. BPH appeared less sensitive than rat prostate to withdrawal of hormone support, and the changes which occurred during culture of BPH were more typical of a repair mechanism to injury than of a castration effect. Cell kinetics was investigated using [125I] iododeoxyuridine and vincristine. Both approaches demonstrated a spontaneous surge in proliferative activity of BPH reaching a peak at about Day 4. In contrast, proliferative activity in rat prostate tended to fall over the period of 2-8 days of culture. The significance of these findings in terms of age linked effects is discussed. PMID- 50857 TI - An experiment in manual communication. PMID- 50858 TI - The interaction of Concanavalin A and the surface coat of stratified squamous epithelium. AB - The interaction of Concanavalin A (Con A) and the surface membranes of the epithelial cells of human oral mucosa, epidermis and guinea-pig lip was studied. Two methods were used: fluorescent Con A and Con A in combination with horse radish peroxidase. With both methods the surface coat of epithelial cells was stained. The specificity of the staining methods could be demonstrated. The interaction between pemphigus antibodies and the surface membranes of epithelial cells could be blocked by Con A. PMID- 50859 TI - Light-induced leucine transport in Halobacterium halobium envelope vesicles: a chemiosmotic system. AB - Halabacterium halobium cell envelope vesicles accumulate L-[14-C]leucine during illumination, against a large concentration gradient. Leucine uptake requires Na + and is optimal in KCl-loaded vesicles resuspended in KCl-NaCl solution (1.5 M:1.5 M). Half-maximal transport is seen at 1 X 10-minus 6 M leucine. In the dark the accumulated leucine is rapidly and exponentially lost from the vesicles. The action spectrum and the light-intensity dependence indicate that the transport is related to the extrusion of protons, mediated by bacteriorhodopsin. Since light gives rise to both a pH gradient and an opposing transmembrane potential (interior negative), it wass responsible for providing the energy for leucine transport. The following results were obtained under illumination: (1) membrane permeant cations and valinomycin or gramicidin greatly inhibited leucine transport without altering the pH gradient; (2) buffering both inside and outside the vesicles eliminated the pH gradient while enhancing leucine transport; (3) dicyclohexylcarbodiimide increased the pH gradient without affecting leucine transport; (4) arsenate did not inhibit leucine uptake. A diffusion potential, established by adding valinomycin to KCl-loaded vesicles, caused leucine influx in the dark. These results suggest that the leucine transport system is not coupled to ATP hydrolysis, and responds to the membrane potential rather than to the pH gradient. The Na-+ dependence of the transport and the observation that a small NaCl pulse causes transient leucine influx in the dark in KCl-loaded vesicles, resuspended in KCl, even in the presence of p trifluoromethoxycarbonylcyanide phenylhydrazone or with buffering, suggest that the translocation of leucine is facilitated by symport with Na-+. PMID- 50860 TI - Tyrocidine and the linear gramicidin. Do these peptide antibiotics play an antagonistic regulative role in sporulation? AB - 1. The cyclic peptide antibiotic tyrocidine, synthesized by Bacillus brevis (ATCC 8185), inhibits RNA synthesis in an in vitro transcriptional system by forming a complex with the DNA. 2. The linear peptide antibiotic gramicidin, synthesized by the same strain, reverses at least partly this inhibition. The molecular mechanism of this reactivation is unknown. Gramicidin by itself inhibits transcription in vitro. This inhibition is not due to a complex formation between DNA and the peptide. 4. A possible regulative role of the two peptides in sporulation is discussed. PMID- 50861 TI - Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dependent reduction of fumarate coupled to membrane energization in a cytochrome deficient mutant of Escherichia coli K12. AB - Escherichia coli SASX76 does not form cytochromes unless supplemented with 5 aminolevulinic acid. It can grow anaerobically on glycerol and DL-glycerol 3 phosphate in the absence of 5-aminolevulinic acid with fumarate but not with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor. Cytochrome-independent NADH oxidase, glycerol 3-phosphate- and NADH-fumarate oxidoreductase activities are induced by anaerobic growth on a glycerol-fumarate medium. The pathway of electrons from substrate to fumarate involves menaquinone. The NADH-fumarate oxidoreductase and cytochrome-independent NADH oxidase systems are inhibited by piericidin A, 2 heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, and iron chelating agents. Both systems can energize the membrane particles as indicated by quenching of atebrin fluorescence. PMID- 50862 TI - The characterization of multiple forms of kynurenine formidase in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Two enzymic forms of kynurenine formamidase (EC 3.5.1.9) from Drosophila melanogaster were separated and partially purified by pH fractionation, (NH4) 2SO4 fractionation and Sephadex G-75 gel filtration. The enzymes were also separated by DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography and distinguished by their different rates of thermal inactivation. The multiple forms are termed formamidase I and formamidase II. The molecular weight of formamidase I as measured by Sephadex G-75 chromatography is 60 000 and that of formamidase II is 31 000. The pH optima are broad, ranging between 6.7 and 7.8 for formamidase I and 6.5 and 8.0 for formamidase II. The apparent Km values are 5-10(-3) and 0.83 10(-3) M, resepctively. The possibility that formamidase II is an active subunit of formamidase I is discussed, although neither enzyme will convert to the other when separated and rechromatographed. Eight organisms were tested for the presence or absence of multiple forms of formamidase. Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis have both enzymes; cow, chicken, yeast and housefly have formamidase I only, and mouse and frog have formamidase II only. PMID- 50863 TI - [Polyacrylamide gel block electrophoretic study of the blood serum of adult swine]. PMID- 50864 TI - [Effect of laser radiation on the crayfish stretch receptor]. PMID- 50865 TI - Letter: Serum alpha-fetoprotein in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 50866 TI - Localizing -SH groups in monoaminergic synaptic vesicles with the mixture of zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide (ZIO). AB - In monoaminergic granulated vesicles the mixture of zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide (ZIO) stains two compartments: the core and the matrix, the latter being more intensively stained than the core. Rat pineal glands were incubated in 0.1 M N ethylmaleimide (NEM). It was observed that NEM blocks ZIO reaction both in the matrix and the core, whereas the controls were fully reactive. This finding strongly suggests that ZIO reaction is due to -SH groups and can be correlated with the effect of NEM on uptake processes. PMID- 50867 TI - Studies on the cerebellar projections from the main and external cuneate nuclei in the cat by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The cerebellar projections from the main and external cuneate nuclei in the cat have been studied by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. The main projection from the external cuneate nucleus (ECN) is to the intermediate and, possibly, the small lateral part of lobule V and to the paramedian lobule on the ipsilateral side. The projection from the ECN to the cerebellar regions mentioned is topographically organized. Cells in the caudal part of the ECN send their axons to the caudal parts of lobule V and to the rostral part of the paramedian lobule. Cells in the rostral part of the ECN project to the rostralmost part of lobule V and to the folia in the caudal part of the paramedian lobule. The experimental study also shows that cells in the main cuneate nucleus (MCN) send their axons to the cerebellum. These axons, like those from the ECN, terminate in the intermediate part of lobule V of the anterior lobe and in the paramedian lobule. However, the axons of the cells in the MCN terminate only in the superficial parts of the folia, whereas those from the ECN terminate in the depth of the folia in these two cerebellar areas. The present study also gives evidence that cells in the ventral part of the gracile nucleus send their axons to lobules I and II of the anterior lobe vermis. The observations referred to here are to our knowledge the first anatomical findings demonstrating a projection from the main cuneate and gracile nuclei onto the cerebellar cortex. The observations confirm previous physiological studies. PMID- 50868 TI - Visual disturbances during transurethral resection of the prostate. PMID- 50869 TI - Bleomycin combination chemotherapy in the management of testicular neoplasia. AB - Eighty-three patients with Stage II or Stage III germinal neoplasia of the testis and 7 patients with extragonadal primary tumors were treated with bleomycin plus vinblastine, or a five-drug program, bleomycin plus cyclophosphamide, vincristine, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil. Of the 70 Stage III patients, there were 53 responses (75%), 22 complete and 31 partial. The mean survival of the complete responders is 100+ weeks, with 3 dead. The mean survival of the partial responders and nonresponders is 38 weeks and 33 weeks, respectively. There is a highly significant difference between complete responders vs. partial and nonresponders (p less than 0.01). Thirteen patients with nonmeasurable disease (Stage II and Stage III postresectional status) but at great risk to develop widespread metastasis were treated prophylactically after conventional therapy. Nine continue in complete response to 36 months. The 7 extragonadal primary patients showed 4 partial responses, none complete. Major toxicity was myelosuppression and also bleomycin pneumonitis in 5 of the 90 evaluable patients. PMID- 50870 TI - COMB (cyclophosphamide, oncovin, methyl-CCNU, and bleomycin): a four-drug combination in solid tumors. AB - One hundred eighty-nine patients received a four-drug combination consisting of cyclophosphamide, Oncovin (vincristine), methyl CCNU, and bleomycin (COMB), according to three different drug regimens, performed sequentially. Of the 189, 62 had a partial response (33%) including 11/33 with squamous lung cancer, 11/32 with squamous carcinoma of the head and neck, 13/15 with oat cell carcinoma of the lung, and 7/41 with malignant melanoma. The response rate for patients with squamous lung or head and neck cancer appeared to be higher at weekly bleomycin doses of 30 and 60 mg (15/33 = 45%), compared to a weekly bleomycin dose of 15 mg (7/32 = 25%). A median survival from treatment of 30 weeks was observed in oat cell carcinoma, which represents considerable prolongation over that expected from supportive care alone or single-agent chemotherapy. Toxicity included: 1) myelosuppression, resulting in hospitalization for antibiotics in 20% of patients; 2) probable bleomycin lung damage in 4% of patients; and 3) dose limiting vincristine neuropathy in 11%. The combination of twice-weekly vincristine and bleomycin for more than 6 weeks produced a disturbing "debilitation syndrome," characterized by weakness, anorexia, weight loss, and apathy. The encouraging response rate suggests a future role for these drugs in combination, especially for vincristine and bleomycin, with other agents showing activity in squamous and oat cell carcinoma. Toxicity precludes recommendation of this combination, in the regimens tested, for broader Phase III studies. PMID- 50871 TI - Nodular lymphoma: bone marrow and blood manifestations. AB - Morphological and clinical features of 39 patients with nodular lymphoma were studied with particular reference to bone marrow and blood involvement. Twenty one patients (54%) were found to have bone marrow involvement at the time of initial diagnosis. Thirteen (33%) also had peripheral blood involvement. A specific cell type, the small nodular lymphoma cell, was found in the bone marrow smears of 19 and the 21 patients with bone marrow involvement and in the peripheral blood smears of all patients with blood involvement. When large cells predominated in the lymph node or bone marrow sections, the bone marrow smears and the imprints of the lymph node and trephine biopsy demonstrated these large cells to have morphological qualities of lymphocytes rather than histiocytes. PMID- 50872 TI - Comparison of alpha1 fetoprotein radioimmunoassay method and liver scanning for detecting primary hepatic cell carcinoma. AB - Alpha1 (alpha 1) fetoprotein (AFP) radioimmunoassay method was routinely used in addition to liver scintigraphy to detect a primary hepatic cell carcinoma, and the diagnostic accuracy of both methods was compared. Twenty-one of 27 cases (78%) with primary hepatic cell carcinoma showed a positive AFP titer of over 200 ng/ml. In 3 of these AFP-positive cases, no focal defects could be found in liver scintigraphy, although subsequently performed celiac angiography revealed hypervascular shadows. On the contrary, 22 of 27 cases (81%) represented well defined focal defects on scintigraphy. In 4 of these cases with a positive scan, the result of AFP was found to be negative. The overall diagnostic accuracy for detecting primary hepatic cell carcinoma with a combination of both methods was 93%. PMID- 50873 TI - Bony metastases from carcinoma of cervix. Occurrence, diagnosis, and treatment. AB - Fifty-five patients treated for cervical carcinoma developed bony metastases between January 1, 1961 and December 31, 1973. Roentgenograms were diagnostic in all but 2 of the patients. In 15 patients, a combination of radioactive scans and roentgenograms was used to establish the diagnosis. The most common mechanism of bony involvement from carcinoma of the cervix was extension of the neoplasm from para-aortic nodes, with involvement of the adjacent vertebral bodies. The earliest metastases were discovered at the time of the primary diagnosis. Thirteen years was the longest interval from the primary diagnosis until the discovery of bony metastases. Sixty-nine percent of the patients were diagnosed within 30 months. Ninety-six percent of the patients died within 18 months. Seventy-six percent of the patients received some form of therapy for their metastases. Thirty-six of these patients were treated with radiation therapy. Four of these patients received complete relief of symptoms, 24 some relief, and 8 patients received no relief. PMID- 50874 TI - An unusual leiomyosarcoma of the uterus containing osteoclast-like giant cells. AB - An unusual variant of a poorly differentiated leiomyosarcoma of the uterus, containing osteoclast-like giant cells, is described. Areas of the resected tumor bore a close resemblance to giant cell tumor of bone. It is postulated that these giant cells, as well as the osteoclast-like giant cells reported in a number of tumors of other tissues, originate from the monocyte/histiocyte group of cells. The diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma was possible only after the tumor had been examined in the electron microscope. The ultrastructural features are consistent with a smooth muscle origin of the neoplasm; the final assessment is based on the relative proportions and frequency of such structures as: bundles of myofilaments with focal densities, marginal densities, pinocytotic vesicles, and an external lamina. PMID- 50875 TI - Inverted papillomas of the urinary bladder. AB - Study of 20 patients with inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder and urethra revealed that the lesion is a true neoplasm, benign in its histologic morphology and clinical behavior. The lesion is believed to arise from the trigone and bladder outlet as a result of chronic proliferative cystitis. It occurs predominantly in men who are past middle age. The most commonly associated clinical symptoms are hematuria and those of urinary obstruction. The lesion may be easily mistaken for a low-grade papillary transitional cell carcinoma, although the histologic appearance is distinctly different, as is its subsequent behavior. PMID- 50876 TI - Acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid salivary gland presenting as a cyst. Report of two cases. AB - Two case reports of pure cystic acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland are presented, together with a review of the literature. Both cases showed some departures from the classical histologic features of acinic cell carcinomas, particularly in reference to the intracystic papillary components. Pure cystic acinic cell carcinomas of salivary gland are a rarity in the literature and may appear histologically and morphologically innocuous on superficial examination. PMID- 50877 TI - The role of chemotherapy in the management of cancer of the head and neck: a review. AB - Although experience with drug therapy of advanced or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is limited, several agents have produced convincing and reproducible tumor regression in these patients. Methotrexate has had the widest usage, and produces 30-50% response rates; bleomycin, hydroxyurea, and adriamycin appear to be somewhat less effective. Location of the malignancy and previous x-ray treatment appear to be important determinants of responsiveness to methotrexate, while degree of differentiation has not yet been shown to be an important factor for response to this drug. Attempts to improve the response rate and duration of chemotherapeutic response by utilizing combinations of drugs, or use of drugs to sensitize the tumor to x-ray treatment, or to reduce the bulk of tumor before x-ray treatment, are reviewed; they have been only moderately encouraging. Intra-arterial chemotherapy appears to have a therapeutic advantage over intravenous treatment; however, the morbidity associated with the former approach limits its usefulness for routine usage. The use of drugs as adjuncts following surgery and/or radiation therapy or immunotherapy are newer approaches that have not been investigated sufficiently, but are promising areas for investigation. PMID- 50878 TI - Effects of nitrosocarbaryl on BALB/3T3 cells. AB - Carbaryl(N-methyl-1-naphthylcarbamate) and its nitrosated product, N nitrosocarbaryl, were tested for their effects of BALB/3T3 (clone A31) cells in culture. Nitrosocarbaryl, but not carbaryl, caused transformation of the BALB/3T3 fibroblasts, but neither chemical induced the complete expression of endogenous murine leukemia virus. Transformed cells differed from the parental control cells by loss of contact inhibition, change in morphology, growth in soft agar, growth to higher saturation densities, and tumorigenicity in normal newborn and irradiated weanling mice and athymic (nude) mice. Transformed clones were found to be negative for expression of RNA tumor virus antigens, viral reverse transcriptase, and infectious virus. Thus, it appears that nitrosocarbaryl can transform BALB/3T3 cells to tumorigenic cells with altered biological properties but without complete activation of RNA tumor viruses in the transformed cells. Expression of viral antigen in the transformed cells was inducible by iododeoxyuridine, indicating that the endogenous viral genome was retained in an unexpressed state. PMID- 50879 TI - Tumor immunoprophylaxis in mice using glutaraldehyde-treated syngeneic tumor cells. AB - The ability of glutaraldehyde-treated tumor cells to induce protection against subsequent challenge has been studied in a syngeneic system. Two tumors have been tested in BALB/c mice. The first was a methylcholanthrene-induced tumor that has been maintained in serial passage for over a decade. The second was a spontaneous mammary adenoacanthoma that was tested at the third passage. The protection was found to consist of two components: (a) a specific immunological component; and (b) a nonspecific component observed when the immunizing and challenge dose were both given i.p. This nonspecificity, while possibly an element in tumor protective mechanisms, may confuse careful analytical studies of the immunogenic potential of tumor antigens. PMID- 50880 TI - The effects of bleomycin on immunocompetence in man. AB - Bleomycin was administered to six patients with advanced cancer. Multiple parameters of both antibody- and cell-mediated immunity were followed serially to characterize the effects of bleomycin on immunocompetence in humans. Antibody mediated immunity, including primary vaccination with keyhole limpet hemocyanin, was not depressed. While there was no significant suppression of cell-mediated immunity, phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis was reduced after treatment with bleomycin. The in vitro effects of bleomycin on lymphocyte stimulation were studied, and while thymidine incorporation was significantly inhibited by bleomycin, leucine incorporation was not reduced even at high concentrations of bleomycin. We have concluded that bleomycin does not suppress immunocompetence in man. PMID- 50881 TI - Atopic hypersensitivity to cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) and other platinum complexes. AB - Allergic reaction to an antitumor agent, cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (DDP) was investigated. A 15-year-old white male with pulmonary metastases from embryonal carcinoma of testis was treated with a combination of DDP, bleomycin, and vinblastine. The dose of DDP varied from 2 to 2.25 mg/kg given i.v. He received 7 doses of DDP in 9 months. An anaphylactic reaction was seen within 3 min of the initiation of i.v. infusion of the 8th dose of DDP. The reaction was due to atopic hypersensitivity, as confirmed by an immediate wheal and flair reaction and increased histamine release from leukocytes with DDP. His serum IgE level was elevated. Neither the presence of chloride nor the amine grouping in DDP was essential for reactivity. The replacement of platinum with palladium abrogated the reactivity. There was no cross-reactivity with 3 other platinum complexes of known antitumor activity (platinum blue, platinum(II) 1,2 diaminocyclohexane malonate, and platinum(II) ethylenediamine malonate). This was also confirmed by the lack of reaction to subsequent i.v. administration of platinum(II) 1,2-diaminocyclohexane malonate (10 mg/kg) in this patient. PMID- 50882 TI - In vitro biochemical and cytotoxicity studies with 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine and 5-azacytidine in combination. AB - The effect of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) and 5-azacytidine (5-aza C), alone and in combination, on DNA synthesis and cytotoxicity in hamster fibrosarcoma cells has been studied. After a 2-hr exposure of S-phase cells to ara-C at concentrations of 2 to 200 muM, the cells required about 4 to 6 hr to recover from inhibition of DNA synthesis. When 2 exposures to ara-C were used, maximal cytotoxicity occurred when the 2nd dose of ara-C was administered at the time when the cells recovered from the inhibition of DNA synthesis. When the S phase cells were exposed to ara-C, the maximal killing effect of 5-aza-C occurred when this agent was administered 6 hr later, at the time when the cells had recovered from the inhibition of DNA synthesis. When S-phase cells were exposed to 5-aza-C, the maximal cell kill produced by ara-C also occurred 5 to 6 hr later. When the S-phase cells were exposed simultaneously to both ara-C and 5-aza C, significant antagonism with respect to cytotoxicity was observed between these 2 agents. When cells in G1 were exposed to 5-aza-C, the cytotoxicity produced by ara-C on these cells when they entered S phase was additive with respect to the cytotoxicity produced by 5-aza-C exposure alone. PMID- 50883 TI - Partial characterization of C-type particles in a cell line (WR-9) derived from a rat epidermoid carcinoma of spontaneous origin. AB - A C-type virus continuously released from a cell line (WR-9) derived from a spontaneous epidermoid carcinoma was purified by means of large-scale tissue culture techniques and high-volume zonal centrifuges. With the use of relatively pure virus concentrates, partial characterization of the virus has been accomplished. Up to 60 liters of spent culture medium from relatively low virus yielding cultures were processed at a time through the Model K ultracentrifuge in order to obtain quantities of virus sufficient for convenient Tween-ether extraction of the major polypeptide (30,000 daltons). This structural protein having group-specific reactivity was purified and isolated by isoelectric focusing techniques. A UV absorption peak (A280) was found to be coincident with a major peak of radioacticity at pH 8.6, the isoelectric point (pI) for rat virus gs antigen previously reported by other investigators. Because species-specific (gs-1) and cross-reactive (gs-3) determinants coexist on this protein, fractions containing the group-specific antigen were identified on the basis of the mammalian interspecies determinant (gs-3), using antiserum prepared against Tween ether-disrupted feline leukemia virus. At the same time, reactivity to the gs-1 determinants in identical fractions was observed in complement fixation and gel diffusion assays, using guinea pig antiserum known to contain principally antibodies to rat gs-1 determinants. Presently, the principal source of rat type C viral gs antigen is rat cell line MSB, which continuously releases a rat leukemia virus pseudotype of murine sarcoma virus. The WR-9 rat virus line may be of use in providing an additional source of C-type particles that are capable of yielding good gs reagents. PMID- 50884 TI - [ Change in specifity and content of HL-A lymphocytotoxins in female sera during pregnancy and after delivery]. PMID- 50885 TI - [Antigenic similarities between streptococcus and tissues: evidence for new common antigens between streptococcus A and mammalian IgG]. PMID- 50886 TI - [Presence of the H blood group antigen on a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Enzymatic transformation of H to A and B specificities]. AB - The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA-M) was purified from a hepatic metastasis obtained from a blood group O patient with a cancer of the rectum. Using 125I labelled-CEA and blood group antisera, H specificity was found on the CEA-M; the addition of anti-H to anti-CEA does not modify the binding of labelled-CEA-M to its antibodies (86%), this result leads us to conclude that H and CEA determinants are carried by the same molecule. However the low percentage of binding (30% with 1/10 anti-H) suggests that only a few CEA-M molecules do carry the H antigenic determinant. Finally, glycosyltransferases were used to modify the H specificity into blood group A and B specificities. PMID- 50887 TI - [Relationship between the level of fetal hemoglobin and certain liver tumor processes]. PMID- 50888 TI - [The junctions of the sinoatrial fascicle in frogs]. AB - The demonstration of gap-junctions on frog atria muscle similar to those described on mammalian myocardium has been controversed. En bloc staining with uranyl acetate allows us to show such gap junctions on this tissue. PMID- 50889 TI - [Changes in the level of alpha1-macroglobulin in rats during Masugi nephritis]. AB - Using chromatographic technique on "Sephadex G 200" associated to immunologic qualitative and quantitative techniques, the authors showed that the alpha1 macroglobulin is present in normal Rat urines. This protein is also present in urines obtained during the Masugi nephritis. The alpha1-macroglobulin concentration observed in the different urine samples is unrelated to the total proteinuria evolution. The results given allow us to discuss the mechanisms of the glomerular filtration. PMID- 50890 TI - [Immunosuppressive effect of a human serum ferroprotein of hepatic origin, alpha 2 H globulin. Study on blastic transformation of normal lymphocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin]. AB - The alpha2 H globulin, a glycoferroprotein, has been found in the serum of patients with malignant diseases. Its level varies according to the evolution of the disease. The activity of this protein has been studied on the normal lymphocytes cultivated in presence of phytohemagglutinin. This study has showed that 5 mug/ml of alpha2 H globulin can inhibit the blastic transformation. The inhibitory effect is proportional to the amount of alpha2 H globulin added as judged by the tritiated thymidin incorporation. The study of morphological aspects of the lymphocytes shows that alpha2 H globulin acts upon the synthesis of the cytoplasmic proteins. PMID- 50891 TI - The postponed compensatory pause as a manifestation of positive feedback in atrioventricular conduction. AB - A patient with hypertensive cardiovascular disease was found to have unusual varieties of premature atrial and ventricular contractions. If the premature atrial contraction resulted in a greatly prolonged P-R interval, such that the increment in P-R exceeded the decrement in the preceding R-P, the next sinus P wave, occurring after a normal P-P interval, was found to be blocked. Also, numerous interpolated ventricular extrasystoles were observed in which the postextrasystolic P-R intervals were markedly prolonged and in which the compensatory pauses were postponed for one or two beats. We also present data from one dog in which a premature atrial activation produced a chain reaction such that complete A-V block occurred three beats later. We propose that the chain reaction which evoked the delayed block in the dog and the postponed compensatory pauses in the patient reflects the operation of a positive feedback mechanism in A-V conduction. Positive feedback is initiated by an extremely long P-R, which results in a very short R-P before the next cycle. This then leads to a still longer P-R, which then elicits a still shorter R-P. Block ultimately supervenes when the atrial activation wave arrives at the A-V junction during its effective refractory period. PMID- 50892 TI - De subitaneis mortibus. XIV. Bacterial arteritis in Whipple's disease. AB - Although Whipple's disease is clinically recognized for its features of arthritis and diarrhea, pericarditis and cardiac valvular disease are frequently present and a significant number of such patients die suddenly and unexpectedly. This report includes special postmortem cardiovascular examinations in a 55-year-old man who died of Whipple's disease. Pericarditis and valvular disease were extensively present. There was also focal myocardial degeneration, including the sinus node, A-V node and His bundle. Typical Schiff-positive bacilli were found in the tunica media and endothelium most numerously in the small coronary and hepatic arteries, less in splenic and renal arteries, and least in small pulmonary arteries. Large coronary arteries and the aorta were not involved. Three stages of bacterial invasion of the arteries included a noninflammatory phase in which the bacilli were most numerous, a pancreatic phase in which bacilli were distinctly less numerous, and a healed scarring of arteries previously damaged. The combination of pericarditis, valvular disease of the heart, coronary and systemic bacterial arteritis and focal myocardial degeneration and myocarditis is unusual for Whippl'e disease. Studies of other cases are warranted to determine whether bacterial arteriopathy and arteritis have previously been overlooked or if the present case is unique. Evidence that the conduction system of the heart may be involved indicated that careful attention to cardiac rhyth and conduction is merited in future studies of patients with Whipple's disease. PMID- 50893 TI - [Prostatic hypertrophy]. PMID- 50894 TI - The etiology of osteosarcoma. A review of current considerations. AB - Various agents have caused osteosarcoma in several experimental animal systems. These agents or initiators may be classified as chemicals, radiation, viruses, and miscellaneous. Zinc beryllium silicate with beryllium oxide in rabbits and FBJ virus in mice are two such initiating agents. The relevance of these animal experiments to the human situation is not known, but recent reports regarding a transmissible agent obtained from human osteosarcoma tissue suggest that a virus may be implicated. There is a theoretic indication that the various etiologic agents, including viruses, may affect the DNA of normal cells in such a way that further evolution and differentiation through several cell divisions may result in the clinical appearance of cancer. PMID- 50895 TI - Endogenous primate and feline type C viruses. AB - 1. Endogenous type C viruses have been detected in a wide variety of mammalian species. Multiple copies of related, but not identical, virogene sequences can be found in the DNA of these species. 2. The endogenous type C virogenes are subject to the pressures of natural selection, and closely related species possess related virogene sequences. These genes evolve as cellular entities diverging from one another in a manner which correlates well with taxonomic relatedness of the species. 3. The endogenous type C viruses of baboons and domestic cats are related, but they can be distinguished by biologic and immunologic criteria and by partial nucleic acid sequence homology. Virogene sequences in the DNA of Old World monkeys and domestic cats also show a degree of relatedness not shared by the unique sequence DNA of these species. The data suggest that progenitors of domestic cats were exogenously infected by a type C virus that also gave rise to present-day endogenous type C viruses of Old World monkeys. 4. The genomes of exogenously infectious viruses replicating in permissive host cells appear to evolve much more rapidly than endogenous virogenes which replicate as cellular genes. Laboratory strains of efficiently oncogenic type C viruses are presumed to be derived from activated endogenous viruses which have been selected for virulence and which, in certain cases, have acquired the capacity to replicate in the host's own cells. 5. The ubiquitous presence of endogenous type C viruses among vertegrates and their preservation throughout millions of years of evolution suggests that these genes express normal physiologic functions which provide a selective advantage to the species. PMID- 50896 TI - Tumor viruses: 1974. PMID- 50897 TI - The Epstein-Barr Virus and malignancy: molecular evidence. PMID- 50898 TI - Role of the subunits of the avian RNA tumor virus reverse transcriptase. PMID- 50899 TI - Relationships between components in primate RNA tumor viruses and in the cytoplasm of human leukemic cells: implications to leukemogenesis. PMID- 50900 TI - Reverse transcriptase associated with A-type particles from murine myeloma cells. AB - Our findings may be summarized as follows: (a) a DNA polymerase is associated with murine type A particles, which is very similar to the reverse transcriptases found in true RNA tumor viruses; (b) the majority of the RNA isolated from A particles is of low molecular weight (probably due to degradation), byt appears to contain an amount of unique sequence information comparable to that found in other oncornavirus particles. These results suggest that A-type particles may be very similar, and perhaps related, to the two other classes (B and C) of oncornaviruses. PMID- 50901 TI - Reverse transcriptase and RNase H: present in a murine virus and in both subunits of an avian virus. PMID- 50902 TI - Properties of oncornavirus RNA-directed DNA polymerase, the RNA template, and the intracellular products formed early during infection and cell transformation. AB - We have investigated three aspects of RNA turmor virus replication and cell transformation: (1) the properties of the purified avian and mammalian viral RNA directed DNA polumerase, (2) some characteristics of the viral 60-70S RNA genome, 30-40S RNA subunits and intracellular viral RNA species, and (3) the interaction of the viral DNA polymerase with its RNA template early during infection and cell transformation by the murine sarcoma-leukemia virus (MSV[MLV]). Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) contains two forms of RNA-directed DNA polymerase, alpha, consisting of a single polypeptide of molecular weight 65,000, and alphabeta, consisting of two polypeptides of molecular weights 65,000 and 105,000. The alpha and alphabeta forms of AMV DNA polymerase both possess RNase H activity that requires free end termini on the ribopolymer and can degrade the RNA of the RNA-DNA hybrid in the 3' to 5' and 5' to 3' directions. But, alpha and alphabeta possess a different mode of exoribonuclease activity. While alphabeta RNase H is a processive exoribonuclease that degrades the polynucleotide chain to a core residue before attacking a second chain, alpha RNase H is a random exoribonuclease that releases the polynucleotide after each scission. Highly purified Moloney-MSV(MLV) DNA polymerase has both RNase H activity and the ability to read viral 60-70S RNA. These activities comigrate through five different steps of purification and are present at levels comparable to those found in purified AMV DNA polymerase. The MSV(MLV) 60-70S RNA genome and 35S RNA subunits were shown by periodate oxidationtritiated borohydride reduction to contain adenosine as the major 3'-terminal nucleoside. Poly (A) segments were isolated from viral 60-70S and 35S RNA by treatment with RNase A or RNase T1 and purified by afinity chromatography and gel electrophoresis. Viral poly(A) was shown to be present at the 3' terminus as -G(C,U)A190AOH. The similar sequence reported for poly(A) present in mammalian mRNA suggests that similar mechanisma are involved in the transcription and processing of both cellular and viral DNA sequences. Within transformed cells replicating MSV(MLV), viral 35S and 20S RNA were found in membrane-bound polyribosomes, whereas only 35S RNA was detected in free polyribosomes. The origin and function of 20S RNA is unknown. The early events during rapid infection and cell transformation of mouse 3T6 cells by the Harvey strain of MSV(MLV) were studied. By both autoradiographic analysis and molecular hybridization, viral DNA synthesis was detected in the cytoplasm by 1 hour after infection, reached a maximum at 2 hours, and subsequently decreased. Cytological chase experiments produced evidence that cytoplasmic viral DNA was transported to the nucleus. In situ hybridization experiments using radioactive viral DNA product as a probe demonstrated the rapid association of viral DNA sequences with the chromocenters of interphase nuclei and with the centromeric heterochromatin regions of some chromosomes. PMID- 50903 TI - Synthesis, structure and function of avian sarcoma virus-specific DNA in permissive and nonpermissive cells. AB - We have reviewed our recent evidence for the following scheme for synthesis and integration of viral DAN after infection of permissive cells by ASV: Within the first 3 hours of infection, duplex, virus-specific DNA the length of a subunit of the viral genome (3 times 10(6) daltons) is synthesized in the cytoplasm of infected cells by a virion-associated DNA polymerase; viral DNA probably forms a covalently closed circular duplex prior to integration into host nuclear DNA. Integration and the usual consequences of viral infection can be inhibited by ethidium bromide. We have described a number of features of viral DNA prior to its integration and have indicated how these features can be exploited in the purification of viral DNA. Viral DNA has also been measured in nonpermissive (mammalian) cells in which the variable expression of viral genes is controlled by unknown mechanisms. PMID- 50904 TI - The genome of RNA tumor viruses: a functional requirement for a polyploid structure? AB - This paper points out certain theoretical problems in DNA synthesis associated with antiprimer transcription and with circularization that could oblige RNA tumor viruses to rely on a polyploid genome. It is suggested that each completed act of reverse transcription may be coupled with an act of genetic recombination aimed at recovering the antiprimer information from an adjacent genome subunit in a polyploid train. A partially double-stranded DNA transcript could then be formed with sufficient terminal redundancy to permit circularization. The model provides satisfactory explanations for observed genetic interactions (particularly recombination and heterozygote formation), for inactivation data and for selective subunit transcription. PMID- 50905 TI - Oncogenic viruses: the last twelve years. PMID- 50906 TI - An antigen associated with messenger RNA in a transformed hamster cell line. PMID- 50907 TI - Extent of terminal repetition in adenovirus 2 DNA. PMID- 50908 TI - [Parisian clinical medicine before 1802]. PMID- 50909 TI - Malpractice, 1811. PMID- 50910 TI - [1st descriptions of Huntington's chorea in France and Belgium]. PMID- 50911 TI - The history and philosophy of medicine: a report on a post graduate seminar on the humanities in medicine. PMID- 50912 TI - Langenbeck on the mechanism of tumor metastasis and the transmission of cancer from man to animal. PMID- 50913 TI - Galen on cancer and related diseases. PMID- 50914 TI - Feulgen type staining of deoxyribonucleic acid with janus colours. PMID- 50915 TI - Immunobiology of tuberculin hypersensitivity. PMID- 50916 TI - Is rectal carcinoid argyrophilic? Application of Grimelius' silver nitrate stain in four cases. AB - In four cases, small rectal carcinoids from patients who did not have accompanying significant clinical signs or metabolic disturbances were found to give a definite argyrophil reaction by double or triple impregnation of Grimelius' silver nitrate stain, but not by other silver methods for argyrophil or argentaffin granules, regardless of variations of cellular arrangement in ribbon-like, solid, and sclerosing patterns. The implication that the carcinoid tumor occurring in the rectum may constitute a group distinct from carcinoids arising from other sites is discussed. PMID- 50917 TI - [Clinical observations of the new anti-arrhythmic drug aprindine from long-term trend analyses(author's transl)]. AB - The therapeutic effectiveness of aprindine (Amidonal) was evaluated by trend analyses in 25 patients with predominantly severe forms of ventricular extrasystoles. The arrhythmia was stopped or improved in most instances. Severe side-effects for which the drug had to be discontinued occurred in three patients. The drug has a long half-life (about 20-30 hours). As a result, there can be cumulative dose-dependent side-effects, largely of a CNS type, disappearing after the dose has been reduced. Thirteen patients continued to be treated on an ambulatory basis, the oral maintenance dose averaging 100 mg/d, the mean follow-up period 11 1/2 months. There was no evidence of side-effects on liver, electrolytes, renal function or blood. PMID- 50918 TI - [Discovery of staining tuberculosis bacilli]. PMID- 50920 TI - [Radiotherapy of inoperable orofacial squamous epithelial carcinomas following pharmacologically induced partial synchronization]. AB - A therapeutical method of inoperable squamous cell carcinomas based on cell kinetics has been applied since 1969 by using 5-fluorine-uracil. Impulse cytophotometric tests did not confirm the degree of partial synchronization due to 5FU that had been assumed so far on the basis of autoradiographic techniques. The results obtained in 46 patients with inoperable malignant epithelial tumors of the maxillo-facial region that were better than those obtained with radiological therapy only, can to a certain extent be contributed to 5FU. First impulse cytophotometric findings in biopsies of animal and human tumors show that Bleomycin clearly produced partial synchronization due to a reversible stop in the radiation-sensitive G2 phase. PMID- 50919 TI - [The prep-trainer--thermal control in the pulp space]. AB - The "Prep-Trainer" was developed as teaching and checking aid in order to enable students and dentists interested in continued education to check themselves. The heat development in the pulp cavity is measured at the model. Measurements made by the author showed that the safest method for maintaining constant temperatures and thus avoiding over-heating of the pulp cavity is the cooling with the air water spray handpiece by the dental assistant. PMID- 50921 TI - Exocytosis of protein into the thyroid follicle lumen: an early effect of TSH. AB - As shown in a preceding paper, only exocytotic vesicles conveying newly synthesized protein to the follicle lumen remain in the apical part of rat thyroid follicle cells following elimination of TSH secretion. In the present paper the effect of TSH on these exocytotic vesicles was investigated. TSH secretion was suppressed by administration of thyroxine for 2 days. In the electron microscope administration of TSH was seen to induce well-known signs of endocytosis, such as formation of pseudopods and colloid droplets. In addition, a previously unrecognized change was noted, namely a progressive decrease in the number of exocytotic vesicles. At 5 min after TSH the number was obviously reduced and at 20 min less than 10% of the original number of vesicles remained. Quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography after administration of [3H]leucine showed that TSH caused, concomitant with the disappearance of vesicles, a transfer of radioactivity from the apical region of the follicle cell to the periphery of the follicle lumen. The distribution of labeled protein in thyroid subcellular fractions was studied 1.5 h after administration of [14C]leucine. At 5 min after administration of TSH there was an increase of protein-bound label in the supernatant fraction, containing the luminal colloid, and a corresponding decrease of label in the particle fraction which contained most of the cell organelles, including the exocytotic vesicles. This TSH-induced redistribution of labeled proteins was more pronounced at 10 min and still more at 20 min and appeared to be dose-dependent. These observations taken together are considered to justify the conclusion that TSH induces transfer of newly synthesized protein from the follicle cells to the follicle lumen by exocytosis (i.e., emptying of specific apical vesicles). It is suggested that a causal and functional interrelation may exist between the exocytotic and endocytotic processes. PMID- 50922 TI - FSH stimulation of testicular androgen binding protein (ABP): comparison of ABP response and ovarian augmentation. AB - Production of testicular androgen binding protein (ABP), ceases following hypophysectomy and can be stimulated by FSH. Within 24 h after the administration of FSH, ABP can be measured in caput epididymis supernatant and by 4 days after FSH treatment, the concentration of ABP reaches a plateau. In a 3-day assay, ABP production in immature hypophysectomized rats was stimulated by 31 mug NIH-FSH-P1 per day (0.08 U NIH-FSH-P1 per 3 days) which is comparable to the sensitivity of the ovarian weight augmentation test in hypophysectomized rats. The relative ovarian weight augmenting and ABP stimulating activities of various FSH preparations were in agreement, suggesting that the biological stimulus of the ABP response is, in fact, FSH. The ABP response to FSH could become a useful testicular bioassay for FSH. Such an assay would be more practicle if ABP could be measured by a radioimmunoassay. PMID- 50923 TI - [Left ventricular systolic sub-periods in hyperthyroidism. Effect of thyreostatic treatment and pharmacological blockade of beta adrenergic receptors]. PMID- 50924 TI - [Changes in the dynamics of left ventricle contractions under the influence of treatment with thyreostatics]. PMID- 50925 TI - [Circulatory system in hyperthyroidism in the course of treatment with thyreostatics]. PMID- 50926 TI - Letter: Potential dilemma: the method of meeting automotive exhaust emission standards of the Clean Air Act of 1970. PMID- 50927 TI - Conversion of SO2 to sulfur particulate in the Los Angeles atmosphere. AB - Gas phase and particular phase sulfur have been measured at various locations in the Los Angeles basin to determine atmospheric conversion rates and mechanisms. A new technique was developed for the measurement of particulate sulfur. From measurements of the particulate to gas phase sulfur ratio near the major stationary sources and far downstream and from estimates of travel time determined by air trajectory analysis, it is possible to estimate gas-to-particle conversion rates for sulfur. Such calculations show that automobiles presently contribute a major part of the total sulfur as measured at a receptor site such as Pasadena, while contributing only a small amount to the particulate sulfur loading. The introduction of oxidation catalyst-equipped vehicles may add significantly to the particulate sulfur at downwind receptor sites; predictions of particulate sulfur concentrations near freeways show substantial increases due to such vehicles. PMID- 50928 TI - Method for determining H2SO4 in automobile exhaust. AB - A relatively simple procedure for measuring H2SO4 in auto exhaust will be presented. The system is compatible with the Federal constant volume sampler (CVS unit). The time required to get sufficient sample for titration is 15-30 min. Values on sulfates in exhaust with a catalyst car and a noncatalyst car agree well with literature data obtained by dilution tube and filtration techniques. PMID- 50929 TI - Operation of platinum-palladium catalysts with leaded gasoline. AB - The effect of various fuel additives on the ability of platinum-palladium catalytic converters to remove the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon components of automotive exhaust has been examined. Engine dynamometer studies suggest that these catalysts may be successfully used in conjunction with fuels of relatively high tetraethyllead concentrations, provided the ethylene dibromide portion of the scavenger is excluded. PMID- 50930 TI - Determination of sulfur trioxide in engine exhaust. AB - Sulfur trioxide in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is removed and concentrated by absorption in a solution of 80% isopropyl alcohol, which quantitatively absorbs it and inhibits the oxidation of any sulfur dioxide which may be absorbed. The absorbed sulfur trioxide (sulfuric acid) is determined by an absorption titration by using barium chloride as the titrant and thorin as the indicator. The sulfur dioxide content of the exhaust is measured continuously by means of a DuPont Model 411 ultraviolet photoanalyzer. PMID- 50931 TI - Measurement of vehicle particulate emissions. AB - A constant volume sampler (CVS) compatible auto exhaust particulate sampling system has been built which samples exhaust isokinetically at constant temperature. This system yields internally consistent results and is capable of frequent and convenient operation. PMID- 50932 TI - Automotive sulfate emission data. AB - This paper discusses automotive sulfate emission results obtained by the Office of Mobile Source Air Pollution Control of EPA, General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, and Esso. This work has been directed towards obtaining sulfate emission factors for cars with and without catalyst. While the EPA and Chrysler investigations have found significant sulfate formation in noncatalyst cars, GM, Ford, and Esso have found only trace levels from noncatalyst cars. All of these investigators agree that much higher quantities of sulfate are emitted from catalyst cars. The work done to date shows pelleted catalysts to have much lower sulfate emissions over the low speed-EPA Federal Test Procedures than monolith catalysts. This is probably due to temporary storage of sulfates on the catalyst due to chemical interaction with the alumina pellets. The sulfate compounds are, to a large degree, emitted later under higher speed conditions which result in higher catalyst temperatures which decompose the alumina salt. Future work will be directed towards further elucidation of this storage mechanism as well as determining in detail how factors such as air injection rate and catalyst location affect sulfate emissions. PMID- 50933 TI - Catalytic converters for exhaust emission control of commercial equipment powered by internal combustion engines. AB - The development of PTX, monolithic catalytic exhaust purifiers, is outlined, and their first use for exhaust emissions control of commercial equipment is described. The main use of PTX converters is on forklift trucks. The purification achievable with PTX-equipped fork-lift trucks under various operational conditions is discussed, and examples from the field are given. During more than ten years of operation, no adverse health effects have been reported, and PTX equipped internal combustion engines appear safe for use in confined areas. PMID- 50934 TI - Conference on health consequences of environmental controls: impact of mobile emissions controls. Industry overview. PMID- 50935 TI - Unregulated emissions from catalyst-equipped cars: EPA overview. PMID- 50937 TI - Emission modifications: overview. PMID- 50936 TI - Biometeorological consequences of environmental controls: overview. PMID- 50938 TI - Estimated changes in human exposure to suspended sulfate attributable to equipping light-duty motor vehicles with oxidation catalysts. AB - The potential environmental impact of equipping vehicles with oxidation catalysts is estimated. Three independent techniques are used to appraise community exposures. Incremental increases in suspended sulfates and sulfuric acid aerosols are evaluated in terms of the number of vehicles equipped with oxidation catalysts. PMID- 50940 TI - Conference on health consequences of environmental controls: impact of mobile emissions controls. Conference objectives. AB - The past and current EPA research and regulatory programs as they relate to non regulated emissions from light-duty motor vehicles are reviewed. Provisions of Sections 202(a) and 211 of the 1970 Clean Air Act Amendments are discussed and their relationships to the nonregulated emissions issue detailed. The EPA position regarding non-regulated emissions from oxidation catalyst-equipped vehicles is discussed and related to technical papers presented in this symposium. The planned EPA research programs addressing the "catalyst" issue are reviewed. PMID- 50939 TI - Noble metals: a toxicological appraisal of potential new environmental contaminants. AB - The public health benefits expected by reducing known hazardous emissions from mobile sources should not be compromised by increasing levels of other potentially hazardous unregulated emissions. Catalytic converters are going to be used to meet the statutory requirements on carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions from light duty motor vehicles. Platinum and palladium metals are the catalytic materials to be used in these emission control devices. Preliminary experimental evidence and analysis of the impact of these control devices on the future use and demand for platinum indicates that this metal may appear at detectable levels in the environment by the end of this decade. At the present time, platinum and palladium are not present in the public environment and represent potentially new environmental contaminants as a consequence of use of this new abatement control technology. There is relatively little information available to adequately assess the potential health hazards that may be associated with exposure to these metals and their compounds. Analysis of the environmental problems and concerns associated with possible new environmental contaminants are discussed. Limited estimates are made on community exposure by use of a meteorological dispersion model. Biodegradation potential and attention is also given to the limited toxicological information available. PMID- 50941 TI - Inhalation toxicology of automotive emissions as affected by an oxidation exhaust catalyst. AB - Preliminary data are given on the acute inhalation toxicology of automotive emissions as affected by an oxidation exhaust catalyst. The catalyst effectively reduced CO and HC in the exhause which apparently had an effect (at least in a closed exposure system) on oxidant and NO2 levels by altering the HC/NOx ratio. There was a resultant reduction in biological effects due to the exposure. The catalyst altered the type of particulate to one which probably contained sulfuric acid as a major component. No evidence was present in these acute exposures to suggest a toxic response due to the higher sulfate emissions or possible catalyst attrition products. The effects of long-term exposure have not yet been investigated. PMID- 50942 TI - Preliminary studies on the toxicity and metabolism of palladium and platinum. AB - Preliminary data are given on the LD50 of PdCl2 following different routes of exposure and on the LD50 of PtCl4 following intravenous exposure. The retention, tissue distribution, and excretion of 103Pd and 191Pt in rats was determined following oral, intravenous, intratracheal, and inhalation exposure. The highest retention for both 103Pd and 191Pt was obtained following intravenous dosing, and the lowest retention occurred after oral dosing. Following a single oral dose, almost all of the 103Pd and 191Pt was excreted in the feces due to nonabsorption, whereas after intravenous dosing, similar quantities were excreted in both the urine and feces. Tissues containing the highest concentrations of these metals were the kidney, spleen and liver. Following intravenous dosing of pregnant rats, a small amount of 103Pd and 191Pt was found in the fetuses. PMID- 50943 TI - Interactions of platinum metals and their complexes in biological systems. AB - Platinum-metal oxidation catalysts are to be introduced in exhaust systems of many 1975 model-year automobiles in the U.S. to meet Clean Air Act standards. Small quantities of finely divided catalyst have been found issuing from prototype systems; platinum and palladium compounds may be found also. Although platinum exhibits a remarkable resistance to oxidation and chemical attack, it reacts chemically under some conditions producing coordination complex compounds. Palladium reacts more readily than platinum. Some platinum-metal complexes interact with biological systems as bacteriostatic, bacteriocidal, viricidal, and immunosuppressive agents. Workers chronically exposed to platinum complexes often develop asthma-like respiratory distress and skin reactions called platinosis. Platinum complexes used alone and in combination therapy with other drugs have recently emerged as effective agents in cancer chemotherapy. Understanding toxic and favorable interactions of metal species with living organisms requires basic information on quantities and chemical characteristics of complexes at trace concentrations in biological materials. Some basic chemical kinetic and thermodynamic data are presented to characterize the chemical behavior of the complex cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2] used therapeutically. A brief discussion of platinum at manogram levels in biological tissue is discussed. PMID- 50944 TI - Methods proposed to achieve air quality standards for mobile sources and technology surveillance. AB - The methods proposed to meet the 1975 Standards of the Clean Air Act for mobile sources are alternative antiknocks, exhaust emission control devices, and alternative engine designs. Technology surveillance analysis applied to this situation is an attempt to anticipate potential public and environmental health problems from these methods, before they happen. Components of this analysis are exhaust emission characterization, environmental transport and transformation, levels of public and environmental exposure, and the influence of economics on the selection of alternative methods. The purpose of this presentation is to show trends as a result of the interaction of these different components. In no manner can these trends be interpreted explicitly as to what will really happen. Such an analysis is necessary so that public and environmental health officials have the opportunity to act on potential problems before they become manifest. PMID- 50945 TI - Exposure of laboratory animals to atmospheric maganese from automotive emissions. PMID- 50946 TI - [Controlled therapy of hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 50947 TI - Motor neurone disease: an immunological study. AB - The state of the immune system, both humoral and cell-mediated, was evaluated in motor neurone disease (MND) patients. The data obtained for the MND patients were confronted with normal controls and a group of patients affected by nervous diseases not involving the immune system. Some differences were observed between MND patients and normal subjects, namely: increase of WBC and gamma-globulin in MND patients. However, such differences were not observed between MND patients and pathological controls, and therefore are probably due to a higher frequency of infectious complications in MND patients in respect to normal controls. The capacity of the immune system to respond to an adequate stimulus was normal, and no precipitating anti-CNS antibodies were detected in MND sera. Furthermore, no sex-linked differences were observed and the CSF abnormalities observed in 2 out of 16 MND patients were probably reflecting only destruction of CNS cells. The data are discussed in view of the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of MND. PMID- 50948 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid protein patterns in spasmodic torticollis. AB - In order to investigate the value of CSF-protein analyses in spasmodic torticollis CSF from six patients with probable organic and two patients with probable psychogenic torticollis was examined by isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis. In all the patients with organic torticollis two pathological CSF-protein fractions were found in the alkaline region on electrofocusing and in four cases aberrant fractions occurred also in the acidic pH range. An increasing number of abnormal fractions were noted during at least the first year after onset of symptoms. Lithium treatment of three patients resulted in a striking decrease of torticollis as well as of the number of abnormal CSF-protein fractions. During placebo treatment of two cases, torticollis and the pathological CSF-proteins recurred. Some observations, including a few previous autopsy findings, might indicate that an encephalitogenic agent is involved in the pathogenesis of organic torticollis. In the patients with psychogenic torticollis the CSF-protein pattern was normal. This investigation supports a recent suggestion that organic and psychogenic torticollis might be distinguished by electrofocusing of the CSF-protein. PMID- 50949 TI - Mechanisms of chromosome banding. VI. Whole mount electron microscopy of banded metaphase chromosomes and a comparison with pachytene chromosomes. PMID- 50950 TI - A method for the flow-microfluorometric analysis of histones. PMID- 50951 TI - Fibrillar nucleolar remnants do not contain macromolecular precursors of ribosomal RNA. Demonstration by the effects of d-galactosamine. PMID- 50952 TI - A combination of sister chromatid differential staining and giemsa banding. AB - We report a procedure for combining sister chromatid differential staining and G banding in the same metaphase plate. Mammalian cells in culture are grown in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine for two cell cycles, and conventional air dried preparations are made. The slides are treated with a trypsin or a urea solution the same way as for regular G banding. This method is simple and fast and provides additional information for cytogeneticists. PMID- 50953 TI - Differential effects of antibodies to rat liver tritosome proteins on the activity of some lysosomal hydrolases in vitro. PMID- 50954 TI - [Relation of TRH test to thyroidal suppression test by triiodothyronine in patients with hyperthyroidism under treatment with antithyroid drugs (author's transl)]. AB - The relation of the TRH test to the T3 suppression test was investigated in 43 patients with hyperthyroidism receiving antithyroid drugs for 6 to 27 months (average 14 months). TRH tests were performed by measuring serum TSH levels before and 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes after intravenous injection of 500 mug of synthetic TRH. Serum TSH was measured by a double antibody radioimmunoassay. Two weeks later, the T3 suppression test was performed by measuring the 24-hr thyroidal uptake of radioiodine after daily administrations of 75 mug of triiodothyronine for 8 days. All patients under study were in euthyroid state, estimated by serum T3-RSU, T4, T3 and FT4I. The value for 24-h uptake after T3 administration was less than 20% in 18 cases, out of which the response to TRH was normal or exaggerated in 15 cases and was absent or impaired in 3 cases. On the other hand, out of 25 cases with the value of 24-h uptake more than 20%, the response to TRH was absent or impaired in 18 cases and was normal or exaggerated in 7 cases. The results of the TRH test and the T3 suppression test were correlated in 33 out of 43 cases. The responsiveness to TRH and the suppressibility with T3 was dissociated in 10 cases, suggesting the TRH test could not replace the T3 suppression test. PMID- 50955 TI - [Studies on the RNA synthesized in the ovary of immature rats after HCG administration (author's transl)]. AB - Although many researchers have reported that RNA synthesis in the ovary is enhanced by gonadotropin treatment, there are only a few papers concerning the character of newly synthesized RNA after gonadotropin treatment. In this paper, the RNA synthesized in the ovary of immature rats after HCG treatment was qualitatively studied. Immature female Sprague-Dawley rats were administered with 0.3 mc per rat of 3H-uridine at a certain time interval after injection of HCG (10 iu/rat) and the ovaries were subsequently isolated after 15, 30 or 60 minutes. RNA was extracted from the homogenate of the ovaries according to the hot phenol method after Scherrer and Darnell. The 3H-RNA thus extracted was treated with electrophoretically purified DNase to break down and remove DNA that mingled with it. The RNA solution ultimately obtained was analysed on a 3-20% sucrose gradient. The different fractions thus separated were then subjected to measurement of radioactivity and optical density at 260 mmug. The RNA extracted from the ovary of immature untreated rat labeled with 3H-uridine for 15 minutes showed a flat pattern of radioactivity from the top to the bottom fractions with low radioactivity. Otherwise, when labeled for one hour, the RNA showed a pattern of radioactivity like those of optical density at 260 mumu with peaks of r-RNAs and t-RNA. When the ovary was pulse-labeled with 3H-uridine for 15 minutes starting 2 hours after injection of HCG, the RNA with a large S value was synthesized and the pattern of variation in radioactivity was that of rising near the bottom fraction and declining with access to the top fraction. The results obtained by labeling for 15 minutes starting 40 hours after PMS administration were similar to those obtained in immature untreated rats. The patterns of radioactivity in RNA obtained by the labeling for 15 minutes starting 2 hours after HCG and 42 hours after PMS were similar to those starting 2 hours after only HCG injection. The patterns of radioactivity became similar to those of optical density at 260 mmu, when the ovaries were labeled for 30 or 60 minutes. From these results, it was suggested that the newly synthesized RNA 2 hours after HCG was constructed from m-RMA with rapid turn over and precursors of r-RNAs and t-RNA. This RNA synthesis was blocked by pretreatment with actinomycin but not by cycloheximide. From these results, it was suggested that enhancement in RNA polymerase activity or change in template capacity of DNA which would have an effect on RNA synthesis was not based on newly synthesized protein. PMID- 50956 TI - Long term organ culture of rat liver rudiment in a synthetic medium: morphological and biochemical development. PMID- 50957 TI - Carbohydrate tolerance in autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - Glucose tolerance tests were carried out on fifty patients with autoimmune thyroiditis of varying duration and severity. Two were floridly diabetic, and a further six showed diabetic abnormalities of glucose tolerance, giving an over all incidence of 16 per cent. Diabetics were significantly older than nondiabetics, but the two groups did not differ in terms of duration of thyroid disease or frequency of associated disease of probable autoimmune origin. The prevalence of diabetes in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis appears to be the same as that in the population generally. PMID- 50958 TI - Release of proteolytic enzymes in bile-induced pancreatitis in dogs. AB - Pancreatitis was induced by injection of autologous bile into the main pancreatic duct of dogs. An initial fall in blood pressure was accompanied by appearance of large quantities of active trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase in pancreatic exudate with full saturation of protease inhibitors. The enzymes soon appeared in ascitic fluid and lymph, but only in the form of complexes with alpha1 antitrypsin, and alpha2-macroglobulin. No such complexes were detected in venous blood indicating short half-life in the circulation. These studies confirm the release of pancreatic enzymes during bile-induced pancreatitis, and quantify an important protective role for plasma protease inhibitors in this situation. PMID- 50959 TI - Studies on the toxicity of lindane on Colisa fasciatus (part I: TLm measurements and histopathological changes in certain tissues). AB - 1. In the present investigation static bioassay studies and histopathological changes in some tissues (gills, liver and kidney) induced by Lindane 20% E.C. in the fish Colisa fasciatus have been taken under consideration. 2. With the help of bioassay studies, the TLm were noted. The TLm values were 0.87, 0.78, 0.68 and 0.64 mg/l for the temperature range 17 degrees C to 20 degrees C and 0.60, 0.56, 0.46 and 0.41 mg/l for the temperature range 32 degrees C to 35 degrees C at 12, 24, 48 and 96 h respectively. 3. The statistical analysis of different factors such as concentrations, time and temperature range based on the observed data gave the following results: a) At both temperature ranges, survival rates at different concentrations and time are significant at 1% and 5% level. b) The difference in survival rates at different temperature range are insignificant both at 1% and 5pected survival numbers. The standard errors were also calculated for these two lines which gave the insignificant results and there was no much change in the shape of experimental and expected lines. 4. The histopathological changes in the tissues (gills, liver and kidney) shows the following results: a) In the case of the gills there was a loss of different types of cells i.e. respiratory cells and blood cells. Blood vessels were atrophied and the outer membrane of gill lamellae was ruptured. The erosion of the tips of the gill filaments were also observed. b) In the case of liver the outer membrane was ruptured. Some hepatic cells were vacuolated and some completely degenerated. The central areas were much affected. Due to the toxic effect, large splitting of tissues were found inside the liver. c) In the case of kidney the outer epithelium, the parenchymatous cells of renal tubules, cuboidal cells of uriniferous tubules were much affected. Due to the degeneration of the cells large spaces were formed inside the tissue. Much affection was observed in the central areas. PMID- 50960 TI - [Analysis of the exhaust gases of motor vehicles by the gas chromatography method]. PMID- 50962 TI - [Effect of coffee and Cafipel on neurohormone release in man]. PMID- 50961 TI - [Toxic effects of some pesticides on warm-blooded animals under high mountain conditions]. PMID- 50963 TI - [Cytochemistry of leukocytes in children. II. Changes in cytochemical reactions of neutrophil granulocytes in the course of leukoses]. AB - A report is presented on the changes of cytochemical reactions of neutrophilic granulocytes in children during acute leukaemia. Various hydrolases revealed a significant increase of activity during the acute stage of disease. The enzyme activity begins to decrease in remission, but regains its normal value only in the activity of alkaline granulocytic phosphatase. The glycogen content of granulocytes is reduced at the beginning of the disease and during the recidive as well as in the granulocytes of children affected with chronic myeloid leukaemia. The enhanced enzyme activity of granulocytes refers to the fact that the defence function of cells in acute leukaemias is not completely cancelled. Only a decreased glycogen content of cells refers to a disturbance in the metabolism of granulocytes. PMID- 50964 TI - Gamma-D paraproteinemia - a report of 16 cases. AB - Paraproteins of the gammaD class are very rare, being found in only 0.3% to 3.0% of the cases of all paraproteinemias. They are difficult to detect and therefore sometimes not found or mis-diagnosed. In the 6500 cases of paraproteinemia we have diagnosed over the last eight years, 16 of them have been gammaD. Consistent with the reports of other gammaD paraproteinemias most of these 16 cases were of type L (13), most patients were male (11), the average age (55), was younger than that of patients suffering from other paraproteinemias, and in all cases the disease followed a rapidly malignant course. PMID- 50965 TI - [Studies on changes in lymphocyte HL-A antigens during the course of malignant diseases]. AB - The presence of HL-A antigens 1, 2, 5, 7, 8 and 12 on the lymphocytes of 26 patients with blood diseases and malignant tumours was examined by means of the two-step microcytotoxicity test. The studies carried out several times in the course of the disease and with 4 to 5 sera of the same specificity. Two types of the serological modifications were found: 1. Transient loss of HL-A antigens in 6 patients, 2. Evidence of the polyreactivity of lymphocytes in 3 patients. The polyreactivity was later changed to the loss of HL-A antigens. In one patient, the destruction of lymphocytes in the course of the testing was proved. The importance of the results is discussed. The additional serological, morphological and clinical investigations seems to be necessary. PMID- 50966 TI - [Genetic relationships between the HL-A system, the blood group systems (Rh, ABO) and the immune reactivity]. AB - The authors examined in immunized healthy persons the correlations between the ability of immune response, the value of their different immunological parameters, and the HL-A blood-group antigens by computer analysis. Immune reactivity showed mosaic-like correlation against the HL-A system. The most definite negative correlation was noticed between the HL-A 3 and 7 antigens and the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes. Remarkable and definite correlation was found between the Rh system and immune reactivity. The level of the natural antibodies, the immunoglobulins and the functions of lymphocytes were generally decreased in males in comparison to females. PMID- 50967 TI - Studies on delayed hypersensitivity of patients with Hodgkin's disease during remission. AB - The studies of skin sensitivity, the reactivity to intradermally transferred lymphocytes and lymphocytic transformation in vitro showed that delayed hypersensitivity had been slightly impaired in patients with Hodgkin's disease during long time remission. The regression of the disease favoured the recovery of the lymphocytic functions and the delayed type immune reactions associated with them. These data suggest that the enhancement of the delayed hypersensitivity of the tumour defence respectively could promote the treatment or prevention of the disease. PMID- 50968 TI - [Studies on the production of anti-human-lymphocyte serum (ALS) in bulls]. AB - The applicability of bulls as productive animals was considered for the preparation of anti-humans ALS. The course of immunologic response was studied by lymphoagglutination, lymphocytotoxicity, rosette inhibition, hemagglutination tests and by precipitin formation in two experimental groups immunized by different amounts of lymphocytes from peripheral blood of normal donors. The animals were found to respond well already after the second application of very small amounts of antigen (on day 0-4 times 10(7), on day 21-2 times 10(8) lymphocytes). They showed lymphoagglutination titre 1 : 512-2000, lymphocytotoxic titre being higher than 1 : 4000 and the rosette inhibition test gave a minimum titre of 1 : 65000. On the other hand, further application of a high amount of antigen (2 times 10(9), or 4 times 10(9) lymphocytes) did not lead to further increase in the titre; on the contrary - hyperimmunization resulted in a lower titre in the case of the rosette inhibition test, which is known to correlate best with the in vivo immunosuppressive activity. The hemagglutinin titre was also acceptable under the above conditions and the formation of undersirable precipitins against human serum proteins was negligible. Good response reached by a simple and economical immunization scheme speaks for the suitability of bulls for the production of ALS. PMID- 50970 TI - Proliferative activity of erythrone and intramarrow hemolysis in iron deficiency anemias. AB - 3H-thymidine incorporation into normoblasts, proliferation rate of erythroid precursors and degree of intramarrow hemolysis have been studied in vitro on the bone marrow. The normal proliferation rate of normoblasts is 26 +/- 2% i.e. during 24 hours about a quarter of dividable elements of erythropoiesis is renewed. Acute blood loss increases the proliferation rate up to 57 +/- 9% but the value of 3H-thymidine incorporation into cells is not changed as compared to normal. In chronic blood loss both 3H-thymidine incorporation into dividing erythroid precursors at different stages of maturity and the rate of erythroid production are 2 to 3 times lower than normal. In healthy persons the degree of intramarrow hemolysis is 7 +/- 2% of erythroid precursors incubated for 24 hours. In iron deficiency anemia intramarrow destruction sharply increases, presenting at an average 30% of incubated nucleated elements of erythropoiesis. A type of chronic iron deficiency, which is not associated with blood loss, is described. In this type of anemia the proliferation rate of normoblasts and the degree of intramarrow hemolysis do not differ from normal values. PMID- 50969 TI - [Use of the immune tolerance induction in the production of an antilymphocyte serum (ALS) free of antibodies against serum proteins]. AB - The possibility has been investigated of a direct gain of ALS free of undesirable antibodies against serum proteins by inducing immunologic tolerance in productive animals (pigs). Preliminary experiments made with tolerogenic amounts of 10 and 50 ml of sera and with immunization by the serum alone proved applicability of this method. Electrophoresis showed antibodies against 6 to 7 and 2 to 3 fractions in animals tolerated with 10 and 50 ml respectively, compared to 18 to 20 fractions in the control group, which was not tolerated. This has been confirmed when preparing ALS in practice, where the toleration was carried out with 25 ml of serum or with the same amount of serum with the addition of hemoglobin and immunization by lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood. Final ALS of untolerated animals contained antibodies against 7 to 8 fractions, whereas that of experimental group tolerated with serum and Hb was free of antibodies against serum protein, hemoglobin included. ALS of the group tolerated with normal serum contained only antibodies against hemoglobin. In vitro tests (i.e. lymphoagglutination t., lymphocytotoxicity t., rosette inhibition t.) proved that by inducing tolerance towards serum protein the activity of ALS was in no was affected. According to the results this method can be employed not only for the preparation of ALS, but also for other purposes, such as preparation of monovalent antisera for immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 50971 TI - [The Breddin test in various forms of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. AB - In 100 healthy persons and 38 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) the morphology of thrombocytes was examined according to BREDDIN. The survival time of the marked thrombocytes and their place of sequestration was determined in the patients and in 17 voluntary persons. A correlation was found to exist between the morphology of thrombocytes and those four forms of ITP which could be limited by means of radiometric methods. Moreover, a certain degree of dependence was found between the thrombocyte sequestration place and the presence of antibodies. PMID- 50972 TI - [The determination of platelet factor 3 using hirudin]. AB - The influence of blood platelets on the recalcification time under hirudin was investigated. Contrary to the investigations of whole-blood which reveal a pathological prolongation of the hirudin tolerance test only at platelet numbers under 30,000/mug, a change of the recalcification time under hirudin could also be found in the plasma at higher platelet numbers. The recalcification time increased inversely proportionally with falling platelet number. The shortening of time in platelets rich plasma attributed to the activity of platelet factor 3. Differences in the examinations of whole-blood may be attributed to an erythrocyte activity similar to factor 3. The application of hirudin for determining platelet factor 3 is recommended as a sensible method easily to be performed in practice. PMID- 50973 TI - [Liberation of anti-heparin activity during platelet aggregation in patients with blastic leukosis and blastic crisis of chronic myelosis]. AB - The activity of platelet factor 4 (FP4) was examined in 37 patients affected with blastic leukaemia, in 16 patients with blastic crisis in chronic myeloid leukaemia and in 2 patients with Willebrand's syndrome. The real activity of FP4 determined by modifying the method according to NIEWIAROWSKI after a complete lysis of granular membrances by means of triton X-100 was found to be lowered in 9 patients affected with blastic leukaemia, in 5 patients with blastic crisis and in two patients with Willebrand's syndrome. Presuming that a maximal FP4 release of the irreversible platelet aggregation must be obtained, which corresponds to the real activity, the author has examined the apparent activity of FP4 released from the aggregated platelets with the help of her own method. In this way the quality of the release reaction from the platelets can indirectly be characterized with their extremely important role for haemostasis. Whereas in exacerbated myeloid leukaemia and Willebrand's syndrome the apparent activity will correspond to the real one, there is a severe specific disturbance of the platelet release response in blastic leukaemia. The platelet aggregation is incomplete caused by the derailment of the energy metabolism and the disturbance of the adenine nucleotides, thus causing an apparent as well as a real FP4 deficiency which can be brought into the same line with pathogenesis of thrombopathy in blastic leukaemia. PMID- 50974 TI - [Pathohysiological and biochemical aspects of the diagnosis of thrombosis]. PMID- 50976 TI - [Coagulation physiological findings in thrombosis]. PMID- 50975 TI - [Experimental studies on the prethrombotic state]. PMID- 50978 TI - [The capabilities of angiographic diagnosis of thrombosis]. PMID- 50977 TI - [New methods for the early diagnosis of thromboembolic diseases]. PMID- 50980 TI - [Diagnosis of venous thrombosis using the ultrasound-Doppler-flow-detector]. PMID- 50979 TI - [Nuclear medical thrombosis diagnosis, current state and developmental trends]. PMID- 50981 TI - [The plethysmographic demonstration of venous thrombosis]. PMID- 50982 TI - [Possibilities and limits of controlled clinical therapy studies for the demonstration of the effectiveness of antithrombotic therapy]. PMID- 50983 TI - [Changes in the content of finbrinolysis activating and inhibiting factors and of fibrinogen in patients with thrombosis and prethrombotic conditions]. PMID- 50984 TI - [Conditions leading to the rise of hypocoagulability in thromboses]. PMID- 50985 TI - [Importance, diagnosis and substitution in acquired factor XIII deficiency in the postoperative course]. PMID- 50986 TI - [The importance of platelet function for the detection of thrombosis susceptibliity]. PMID- 50987 TI - The behaviour of the platelet-leukocyte aggregation in thrombotic conditions. PMID- 50988 TI - [The role of various coagulation factors in the diagnosis and prognosis of thrombus formation]. PMID- 50989 TI - [Recurrent thromboembolism in children caused by hereditary antithrombin III deficiency]. PMID- 50990 TI - [The importance of the fibrinolytic system for the detection of thrombosis susceptiblility]. PMID- 50991 TI - [Thrombosis susceptibility with reference to the ABO blood groups]. PMID- 50992 TI - [The limits of laboratory diagnosis in the detection of thrombosis susceptibility]. PMID- 50993 TI - Chronic active hepatitides. PMID- 50994 TI - Effect of testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin in the enzymic oxidoreduction of 17-oxygenated c19 steroids. AB - The effect of both testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin (TeBG) and albumin on enzymic oxidoreduction of four 17-oxygenated C19 steroids by bacterial 17beta hydroxysteroid:NAD oxidoreductase from Pseudomonas testosteroni was investigated. The decreased yields of products under presence of TeBG were found in both directions of reversible enzymic reaction. This finding was unexpected in the case of enzymic reduction in which the opposite effect could be assumed with respect of high affinity of the product but not the substrate to TeBG. Kinetically, the competition between enzyme and binding protein for the substrate occurs at enzymic oxidation, whereas the mechanism resembling non-competitive inhibition operates in the enzymic reduction. PMID- 50995 TI - [The primary structure of a monoclonic immunoglobulin-L-chain of subgroup IV of the kappa type (Bence-Jones protein Len.)]. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of Bence-Jones protein Len. was established by sequential analysis of tryptic and chymotryptic peptides. The result of these experiments and the comparative sequence analysis with the other 17 completely determined kappa-proteins is incompatible with the serological typisation of protein Len. as a member of subgroup II: There are 18 positions in protein Len. than cannot be associated with any one of the subgroups kappaI, kappaII or kappaIII. Also the average amino acid exchange rate between protein Len. and these subgroups is in the same range as the average amino acid exchange rate between these subgroups. Therefore Bence-Jones protein Len. is the first completely determined representative of a new IV. kappa-type subgroup. The variability of immunoglobulins follows a structural principle in which the single point mutations responsible for the variability are linked. The present paper contains the exact analysis of the linked point mutations within the so far best investigated subgroup, kappaI (12 completely sequenced proteins). These linked exchanges allow the arrangement of the kappaI proteins in 4 subgroups and their further subdivision. The regularity of this amino acid sequence pattern can only be explained by an evolutionary origin of antibody variability. On the basis of this evolutionary mechanism the relationship of immunoglobulins can be depicted in a phylogenetic tree. Such a tree was therefore constructed for the 18 completely determined Bence-Jones proteins of kappa-type, for the first time taking into account Bence-Jones protein Len. Its topology is in complete agreement with the results of the comparative sequence analysis. PMID- 50997 TI - ICU--CCU training nurses for expanding roles: a case history. PMID- 50996 TI - [Isolation of beta2-microglobulin from human colostrum (author's transl)]. AB - The beta2-microglobulin from human colostrum was purified by a combination of ordinary protein-chemical techniques: gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography and zone electrophoresis. The procedure is organized in such a way that the simultaneous isolation of many other milk proteins is possible. The beta2 microglobulin obtained from colostrum cannot be distinguished by physical chemical or immunological means from the beta2-microblobulin isolated from the urine of patients with kidney-tubule diseases. At the beginning of lactation, human milk contains significantly more than 10 mg/-100 ml beta2-microglobulin, but the concentration drops within two or three days to 15-30% of the original amount. PMID- 50999 TI - Cellular co-operation by mouse lymphocytes to chemically defined antigens. AB - When populations of mouse spleen cells were treated with a highly radioactive 125I-labelled haptenic conjugate (125I-labelled PDG-N) and subsequently injected into X-irradiated, immunized (N-10-C) syngeneic BALB/c mice, it was found that after autoradiography with 125I-labelled N and C haptenic conjugates, the numbers of ABC to both the N and C haptens decreased. The number of ABC found were significantly lower than those found in mice that had been reconstituted with cells "suicided" with another 125I-labelled antigen (125I-labelled BSA) and subsequently immunized with N-10-C. PMID- 50998 TI - Human polymorphonuclear leucocyte migration inhibitory factor. Evidence for antigen dependency. AB - Sudies were performed on human polymorphonuclear leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (PMN-MIF) to determine its antigen dependence. PMN-MIF produced by lymphocytes in response to purified protein derivative or coccidiodin was measured in an agarose gel system with buffy coat leucocytes as indicator cells. PMN-MIF activity contained in the lymphocyte supernatants uniformly disappeared when the supernatants were diluted 1:50 with medium; the inhibitory activity was only restored when the diluted supernatants were reconstituted with specific antigen. PMN-MIF isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed the same properties as PMN-MIF present in whole supernatants. This factor consistently migrated in the albumin region on gel electrophoresis. These data indicate that human PMN-MIF is antigen-dependent. PMID- 51000 TI - Vibriolytic IgG immunocyte response of mice after primary and secondary immunization with cholera somatic antigens. AB - Antibody plaque-forming cells (FC) to the somatic antigens of Vibrio cholerae were enumerated in the spleen of mice after primary and secondary immunization with a heat-killed vaccine prepared from the vibrios. Immunocytes releasing both high efficiency IgM and low efficiency IgG antibody were readily detected using a direct and facilitated plaque procedure in agar gel. Whereas the peak numbers of IgM-PFC after primary immunization occurred on days 12 to 14, the peak IgG-PFC response developed somewhat later (16-18 days). After a second injection of vaccine larger numbers of both IgM- and IgG-PFE appeared in the mouse spleens, with peak responses for both occurring between days 5 and 8. The largest number of IgG-PFC developed in spleens of mice given a second injection of vaccine 6-8 weeks after primary immunization. The dose of killed vibrios used for priming markedly affected both the magnitude and the class of antibody-forming cells appearing during the secondary response; 1--10 mug vaccine was more effective than higher or lower doses for priming the mice to a heightened secondary response. Furthermore, the antigenic specificity of both the IgM- and IgG-PFC appearing after secondary immunization was directly related to the strain of cholera bacilli used for priming. When mice were immunized with the Ogawa strains of cholera most of the secondary PFC after booster immunization with the serologically distinct Inaba strain was directed towards the common antigen shared by both strains and not to the type specific antigen of the Inaba vibrios. The specificity of the anti-vibrio PFC during both the primary and secondary responses was readily demonstrable by inhibition experiments using sonicated or soluble cholera antigens. Prior incubation of these antigens with test spleen cells in the agar gel effictively inhibited development of the vibriolytic plaques, regardless of antibody class. Similar antigen extracts from toher bacteria had no effect. The immunoglobulin nature of the plaques was also demonstrable by inhibition with low dilutions of rabbit anti-mouse globulin serum incorporated into the agar plates prior to testing; both IgM and IgG plaues were inhibited. PMID- 51001 TI - Studies on the control of antibody synthesis. VIII. Selection for high affinity antibody production in the secondary response. AB - Priming with haptenic determinants can augment the antibody response to a new haptenic determinant presented on a different carrier to which the original haptens are also coupled. This augmentation may be accompanied by a slight increase in the affinity of the antibody formed. However, only if the test hapten is present on the original priming antigen is there a selection for high affinity antibody-forming cells and a marked increase in the affinity of the antihapten antibody produced upon boosting is seen. The data are consistent with the assumption that antibody affinity is primarily controlled by the selection of B lymphocytes by antigen, while additional factors may be involved in controlling the magnitude of the response. PMID- 51002 TI - Evidence for a membrane carrier molecule common to embryonal and tumour-specific antigenic determinants expressed by a mouse transplantable tumour. AB - Rabbits were primed with membrane antigens solubilized from BALB/c embryo cells. After boosting with membrane antigens solubilized from a syngeneic transplantable adenocarcinoma, they developed a 'secondary' response against tumour-specific antigenic determinants. The antibodies against these determinants neither reacted with nor were absorbed by the antigens prepared from embryonal cells. However, the antigen displaying the tumour-specific determinants was bound by a reversed immunoadsorbent of insoluble anti-embryo antibodies. Indirect immunofluorescence experiments performed on adenocarcinoma cells in culture showed that, under conditions where redistribution of cell membrane components was induced, the anti embryo antiserum aggregated the tumour-specific determinants. The purification of embryo and tumour-specific antigens achieved by affinity chromatography on insoluble antibody columns yielded three polypeptides of molecular weight close to 25,000, 20,000, and 10,000 Daltons respectively. It is suggested that the antigenic determinants responsible for tumour and embryo specificities in adenocarcinoma were located on the same molecule, or, more likely, on molecules which are closely associated in the plasma membrane and that do not dissociated in bile salts. PMID- 51004 TI - Trichinella infestation in mice genetically selected for high and low antibody production. AB - Mice genetically selected according to their capacity to produce antibodies (high and low responder lines) were infested with Trichinella spiralis. High responder mice produced much higher levels of IgE and gamma1 serum antibodies than low responder mice. IgG and IgM antibodies were detected by immunodiffusion analysis or passive haemagglutination only in animals of the high responder line and in very low concentrations. The number of living larvae present in the muscles was very similar in the animals of both lines 30, 60 or 75 days after infestation. PMID- 51003 TI - Inhibition of IgE and compound 48/80-induced histamine release by lectins. AB - Lectins from Ricinus communis and Glycine max, as well as wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A, caused a dose-dependent release of histamine from mast cells present in the mixed peritoneal cells from the rat. In addition, histamine release in an IgE-mediated and a compound 48/80-mediated reaction was inhibited in cells which had been pretreated with these lectins. With concanavalin A and the R. communis lectin both effect were prevented by the addition of the appropriate monosaccharides to the incubations. However, the lectin-induced histamine release and the lectin-induced inhibition of subsequent IgE-mediated histamine release could be dissociated: thus L-rhamnose, a hexose not ordinarily found on mammalian cell membranes, a specifically inhibited histamine release which was caused by the lectin from R. communis without affecting the inhibition of IgE-mediated histamine release. Conversely, D-fucose, which also is not a constituent of cell membrane glycolipids or glycoproteins prevented the inhibition of IgE-mediated histamine release by this lectin without affecting the lectin-induced histamine release. Furthermore, the nominally galactose-specific lectins from Sophora japonica and Ulex europeus inhibited IgE-mediated histamine release while causing little if any histamine release themselves. High concentrations of the lectin from Lotus tetragonolobus failed to cause histamine release or to affect the IgE-mediated histamine release reaction. Based on the known structural specificity of these lectins and the amounts of the lectins which were required to demonstrate an effect, it was concluded that D-galactose, alpha-linked, intrachain D-glucose (or mannose), and N-acetylglucosamine residues but probably not N-acetyl-galactosamine or L-fucose residues in the glycolipids or glycoproteins of the mast cell membrane can play a role in the initiation of histamine release and in the desensitization of the cells to subsequent histamine release-inducing stimuli. PMID- 51005 TI - Letter: Effects of inhaled fumes on immunological response of rabbits. PMID- 51006 TI - Antigenic heterogeneity among pyocins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - We investigated the effect of FeSO4 on phagocytosis-associated, increased oxidative metabolism via the hexose monophosphate shunt, with special attention to its effect on H2O2 levels. The availability of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase for H2O2 disposal and hexose monophosphate shunt stimulation also are evaluated. The results show an impairment of phagocytosis associated hexose monophosphate shunt activity together with an increase both of resting and phagocytosing formate oxidation. These apparently paradoxical findings are resolved by demonstrating a direct enhancement of formate oxidation by FeSO4 in a cell-free system. In addition, measurement of H2O2 concentrations via scopoletin fluorescence shows reduction of H2O2 by FeSO4. There is no effect on either glutathione peroxidase or glutathione reductase activities. These data suggest that one mechanism of FeSO4 impairment of microbicidal activity is by its removal of H2O2. PMID- 51008 TI - Inhibition of immediate hypersensitivity reactions in the rat by ICI 74,917 and disodium cromoglycate. AB - ICI 74,917, a potent inhibitor of IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) in the rat, exhibited tachyphylaxis in that pre-dosing sensitised rats with a high dose of compound reduced the inhibitory effect on rat PCA of a second dose given at challenge. This phenomenon was most apparent when the pre-dose-challenge dose interval was 15--60 min. Similar findings were obtained using antigen induced histamine release in vitro from rat peritoneal cells. In these respects, ICI 74,917 was similar to disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) although DSCG appeared less effective in inducing tachyphylaxis than ICI 74,917. There was no evidence in vivo or in vitro that a high dose of either DSCG or ICI 74,917 enhanced the activity of a second low dose of either drug given at challenge. PMID- 51009 TI - Penicillin hypersensitivity in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The prevalence of positive immediate-type skin tests to penicillin antigens among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was compared with hospitalized controls without SLE and found not to differ significantly. On the other hand, we confirmed previous reports that the prevalence of histories of prior penicillin reaction was significantly higher in SLE patients than among controls. This is felt to be related to the primary disease process, and we conclude that patients with SLE do not have an increased risk of IgE-mediated allergic reactions to penicillin. PMID- 51007 TI - Evidence for O antigens as the antigenic determinants in "ribosomal" vaccines prepared from Salmonella. AB - The nature of the protective substance in ribosomal ribonucleic acid and protein extracts of Salmonella has been investigated. The results of experiments in which vaccines were prepared from isogenic strains and strains with defects in lipopolysaccharide synthesis show that O antigens contaminate both ribonucleic acid and protein ribosomal extracts, and are responsible for at least part of their strain-specific protective activity. In addition, it was observed that a ribosomal ribonucleic acid preparation from S. adelaide contains a heat-stable immunogen which is not an O antigen or that gives cross-protection across species lines. The contribution of ribosomes to the immunity induced by "ribosomal vaccines" is discussed. PMID- 51010 TI - Binding of human IgE immunoglobulin to rat mast cells. A study by means of three independent techniques. AB - The binding of human myeloma IgE immunoglobulin on rat mast cells was studied by three independent techniques. A mixed agglutination reaction with anti-IgE-coated Sephadex granules demonstrated that only human IgE-coated rat mast cells were clearly agglutinated. This binding is strong (50% agglutination) in 3 min and progresses for 30 min (95% agglutination). Autoradiographic studies with 125I labelled human serum proteins demonstrated the selective formation of grains on mast cells incubated with labelled IgE. Upon action of anti-IgE antiserum on IgE coated rat mast cells, the mast cells released up to 47.5% of their total histamine content in a fluorometric histamine assay. A relationship was established between sensitizing doses of human IgE and histamine release. These results bring evidence for a binding of human IgE on rat mast cells and imply the existence of receptors for this immunoglobulin on mast cell membrane. PMID- 51011 TI - Specificity of antigens in aqueous phenol extracts of skin examined by means of guinea pig and rabbit immune sera. AB - Human, guinea pig and rabbit skin homogenates were digested with trypsin and extracted with phenol water. Antisera were raised in guinea pigs and rabbits by immunization with extract recovered from the water phase (TPW extract). All sera showed increased titres in indirect haemagglutination tests. The results of absorption and inhibition experiments indicated antibodies against a common antigenic determinant. These antibodies also agglutinated erythrocytes sensitized with autologous antigen. In addition, serum from rabbits immunized with human or guinea pig skin extract contained antibodies against species-specific determinants. Rabbit antiserum precipitated guinea pig skin extract. The antigen involved had specificity identical with that of an antigen in the human, but not in the rabbit skin, extract. Oxidation of the human TPW extract with periodate destroyed the precipitinogen and the species-specific haemagglutinogen while the common determinant was not affected. PMID- 51012 TI - Restoration of specific immunity against SV40 tumor-specific transplantation antigen to lymphoid cells from tumor-bearing mice. AB - Specific cell-mediated immunity to SV40 tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) in BALB/c mice undergoing progressive tumorigenesis by syngeneic SV40 transformed cells (VLM) was investigated in vivo using a tumor-cell neutralization test. Specific cellular reactivity to SV40 TSTA was not detected in BALB/c mice bearing large tumors (10-15 mm mean diameter) but was demonstrable after tumor excision. Specific cytotoxic reactivity against syngeneic SV40 transformed cells in vivo could be restored to lymphoid cells from VLM tumor bearing mice either by culturing the lymphoid cells in vitro or by treating them with papain or trypsin. Enzyme-treated lymphoid cells from MCA tumor-bearing BALB/c mice had no cytotoxic reactivity against VLM cells. These studies suggest that tumor-bearing hosts possess lymphocytes which are sensitized to the TSTA of the tumor but that the reactivity of these lymphocytes is blocked. PMID- 51014 TI - The use of symbolic drawing, metaphor and illusion in a therapeutic-creative process. PMID- 51013 TI - Innervation of muscle in leprosy with special reference to the muscle spindle. AB - The pattern of extrafusal and intrafusal innervation was studied in muscle biopsies from the flexor carpi ulnaris and biceps brachii muscles, which were clinically unimpaired. Smudginess and enlargement of the motor end plates were the most definitely abnormal feature of the extrafusal innervation pattern; the intrafusal fibers, on the other hand, were either unremarkable or showed increased tortuosity, beading and in more extreme cases of grossly complicated intertwining pattern. Bacilli were frequently found in the spindles, no component being spared. The study emphasizes the significant involvement of striated muscle in leprosy, a fact not revealed by clinical examination alone. PMID- 51015 TI - [Late complications following prostatectomy for adenomas]. PMID- 51016 TI - [Prevention of complications in transurthral electroressection of the prostate]. PMID- 51017 TI - Synthesis of 3'-deoxybutirosin B. PMID- 51018 TI - An objective measurement of nonspeaking children's performance with a computer controlled program for the stimulation of language behavior. AB - A method is described for recording a child's performance with a computer controlled audio-visual device designed to stimulate language behavior in nonspeaking children. From the recorded data a child's position can be estimated on a curve derived from normal children. This position could be of value in planning treatment for a nonspeaking child and assessing his progress. PMID- 51019 TI - Intercellular matrix in colonies of Candida. AB - The histochemistry and fine structure of typical colonies of six species of Candida were studied, using a total of 31 clinical isolates. The colonies consisted of viable and degenerate cells which lay in an intercellular matrix. This matrix was made up of amorphous, granular, and fibrillar components, the relative proportions and total amount of which varied from species to species. The cells of all species were surrounded by a zone of homogeneous amorphus material, which may be a highly cross-linked carbohydrate. This separated intact cells from irregularly distributed granular debris derived from the cytoplasm of degenerate cells. Focal cellular degeneration and associated granular debris were present within the colonies of all species and were most common in the surface layers of cells of colonies of C. albicans and C. tropicalis. The large amounts of intercellular matrix in this region formed a surface coat on colonies of these two species. Intercellular strands of cell wall material, and to a lesser extent other membranous elements from degenerate cells, formed a prominent fibrillar meshwork in the colonies of C. albicans and C. tropicalis, but were less common in those of C. pseudotropicalis and C. guilliermondii and seldom seen in those of C. parapsilosis and C. krusei. PMID- 51021 TI - Experimental exophthalmos. Binding of thyrotropin and an exophthalmogenic factor derived from thyrotropin to retro-orbital tissue plasma membranes. AB - Biologically active preparations of 125I-thyrotropin, [3H]thyrotropin, and the [3H]exophthalmogenic factor derived from thyrotropin by partial pepsin digestion have been used to study the binding properties of the thyrotropin receptor on guinea pig retro-orbital tissue plasma membranes. In regard to the optimal conditions of binding, pH, buffer, salt concentrations, and temperature, these properties are the same as those described in any accompanying report concerning thyrotropin binding to bovine thyroid plasma membranes (Tate, R.L., Schwartz, H.I., Holmes, J.M., Kohn, L.D., and Winand, R.J. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 6509 6515). In addition, thyrotropin receptors on the retro-orbital tissue plasma membranes are similar to thyrotropin receptors on bovine thyroid plasma membranes in their apparent negative cooperativity and in their relative affinities for luteinizing hormone, the beta subunit of thyrotropin, and the alpha subunit of thyrotropin. In contrast, gamma-globulin from patients with malignant exophthalmos enhances binding when added to incubation mixtures containing the retro-orbital tissue plasma membranes but not when added to those containing thyroid plasma membranes. Normal gamma-globulin and gamma-globulin from Graves' disease patients without exophthalmos do not have this property. The gamma globulin itself does not bind to the membrane except in the presence of thyrotropin or its exophthalmogenic factor derivative. Tryptic digestion of the retro-orbital tissue membranes releases specific thyrotropin and exophthalmogenic factor binding activity into the supernatant phase. Chromatography on Sephadex G 100 indicates that this trypsin-released receptor activity has a molecular weight of 75,000 or greater, rather than 15,000 to 30,000 for the trypsin-released receptor activity from bovine thyroid membranes (Tate, R.L., Schwartz, H.I., Holmes, J.M., Kohn, L.D., and Winand, R.J. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 6509-6515). PMID- 51020 TI - Proteinase C (carboxypeptidase Y) mutant of yeast. AB - A mutant of yeast lacking proteinase C (carboxypeptidase Y) activity has been found by using a histochemical stain to screen mutagenized colonies. This defect segregates 2:2 in meiotic tetrads. Cell extracts lacked the esterolytic, amidase, and proteolytic activities associated with proteinase C. The absence of proteinase C does not affect mitotic growth and has no obvious effect on the formation of viable ascospores or meiotic segregation. The mutant grows on peptides known to be cleaved by proteinase C in vitro. This finding is consistent with the idea that other enzymes exist in vivo with overlapping substrate specificities. PMID- 51022 TI - Stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in retro-orbital tissue membranes by thyrotropin and an exophthalmogenic factor derived from thyrotropin. AB - Retro-orbital tissue membranes have been shown to have adenylate cyclase activity which can be stimulated by thyrotropin and by an exophthalmogenic factor derived from the thyrotropin molecule by partial pepsin digestion. This stimulable activity is maximal after 15 min and is optimal in the presence of 3 mM magnesium and 1.5 mM ATP. Calcium salts are exquisitely inhibitory to the hormonal stimulation; sodium, lithium, and ammonium salts are significantly less inhibitory. Thyrotropin and the exophthalmogenic factor induce similar maximal levels of stimulation but a 4- to 5-fold higher concentration of exophthalmogenic factor is required to achieve this level. Fluoride stimulates adenylate cyclase activity 2- to 3-fold higher than either thyrotropin or the exophthalmogenic factor; thyrotropin, luteinizing hormone, the beta subunit of thyrotropin, and the alpha subunit of thyrotropin have relative activities for stimulation of cyclase activity of 100:2:2 less than 0.5. Several other polypeptide and glycoprotein hormones have no effect. The gamma-globulin from patients with malignant exophthalmos has no significant effect on cyclase activity either alone or in the presence of maximal levels of thyrotropin or the exophthalmogenic factor; this gamma-globulin does, however, stimulate cyclase activity at submaximal hormone levels. Trypsin not only destroys the hormone-stimulable adenylate cyclase activity on retro-orbital tissue plasma membranes, but also destroys it on the 15,000 to 30,000 molecular weight receptor fragment released from the membranes by the tryptic action. PMID- 51023 TI - Osteophytes and the osteoarthritic femoral head. AB - The study describes the topography, morphology and growth of osteophytes in forty femoral heads removed from patients presenting with advanced osteoarthritis of the hip. In addition to standard histological techniques, radiography of serial bone slices in vivo bone labelling with tetracycline and 32P were used. The pattern of major osteophyte formation appeared to be influenced by the direction, degree and rate of displacement of the femoral head in relation to the acetabulum; four principal patterns of growth were noted. Osteophytes form part of extensive osteogenic processes that involve bone structure in the osteoarthritic joint. PMID- 51024 TI - Mouse-human heterokaryon analysis with a 33258 Hoechst-Giemsa technique. AB - The bibenzimidazol derivative 33258 Hoechst can be used to distinguish microfluorometrically between mouse and human nuclei in heterokaryons. This affords a quick and accurate alternative to autoradiography in the analysis of such heterokaryons. The 33258 Hoechst fluorescence patterns can be converted after irradiation to a Giemsa rendition of the differential staining. PMID- 51025 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic studies of reactions and structural relationships of steroids. Part III. 11alpha-hydroxysteroids of the androstane and pregnane series. AB - Qualitative and quantitative effects of classical reactions on steroids observed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) under standardized conditions, including the double internal-standard technique, are reported. Simple procedures applicable to nanogram amounts of reactants which afford excellent yields of the major products are described. Reactions studied include the Wolff-Kishner removal of keto groups, their conversion into hydroxyl groups with sodium-ethanol or sodium borohydride and into dioxolone derivatives with ethylene glycol; the conversion of hydroxyl into keto groups with chromium trioxide and to trimethylsilyl (TMS) ethers by hexamethyldisilazane; the hydrolysis of dioxolone and TMS derivatives by H+. Gas-liquid chromatograms of reaction mixtures of single- and multistep reactions readily provide information on the effects on the 11alpha-hydroxy and other functional groups at positions 3 and 17 (androstane series) and positions 3 and 20 (pregnane series), and the retention times of many steroids unavailable from commercial or other sources. GLC data analysis provides relationships between steroid structure and retention time from which methods for the computation of retention times and for steroid identification are designed. The accuracy of the calculation methods is demonstrated. PMID- 51026 TI - Detection of antithyroid residues in meat and some organs of slaughtered animals. AB - A simple method is described for the routine detection of antithyroid residues in thyroid, liver, kidney and meat contaminated at levels as low as 10 ppb (10 parts per 10(9)). Tissue samples (2 g) are homogenized in methanol, contaminating lipids and amino acids are removed and the antithyroid residues are subjected to reaction with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) in buffer. The NBD derivatives are extracted with diethyl ether and separated by thin-layer chromatography. After spraying with cysteine or mercaptoethylamine, the antithyroid residues appear as fluorescent spots. The detection limit of these compounds is of the order of 200 pg. PMID- 51027 TI - The epidemiology of cancer of the prostate. PMID- 51028 TI - Hyperthyroidism in Tasmania following iodide supplementation: measurements of thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies and thyrotropin. AB - Serum thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies (LATS and LATS protector) and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were measured in the serum of 30 patients with hyperthyroidism living in Tasmania who developed their disease following correction of iodine deficiency by addition of iodate to the bread. Patients were grouped according to thyroid scan results. None of 8 patients with autonomous thyroid nodules had thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies. These were present in both of the patients with uniform thyroid scans and 14 of 20 patients (70%) with irregular scans without demonstrated localized autonomy. Serum TSH, measured by immunoassay of concentrated serum extracts, was 0.15 muU/ml or less in all patients, below the range of 0.35 to 2.60 muU/ml found in normal subjects. Only 6 (20%) of the 30 patients failed to show either localized autonomy or thyroid stimulating autoantibodies. In most regards these patients resembled those with antonomous nodules. The findings support the conclusion that the increased incidence of phyerthyroidism in Tasmania was due to an increased supply of iodine to patients with latent hyperthyroidism whose thyroid glands, due to the presence of toxid nodule(s) or thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies, were unresponsive to control by TSH deprivation. There was no evidence for additional pathogenic mechanisms PMID- 51029 TI - Daytime titers of testosterone, LH, estrone, estradiol, and testosterone-binding protein: acute effects of LH and LH-releasing hormone in men. AB - Four normal 18-20 yr-old men were studied on 3 occasions, from 0830 h to 1500 h. The baseline for each study consisted of 3 or 4 measurements of the respective hormone obtained between 0830 and 0900 h. In the control studies mean testosterone (T) fell by 43% (P less than 0.01) during the final 30 min. The fall was gradual throughout the day and was significant by 1100 h (P less than 0.05). Administration of LH and LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) at 0900 h resulted in 9-fold (5 min) and 3-fold (30 min) higher concentrations of LH respectively. LH declined more slowly after LHRH. Titers of T rose to the 0830-0900 h mean 130 min after LH but were never significantly elevated; the occurrence of a significant drop in mean T was delayed for 70 min. After LHRH there was a nonsignificant 24% increase of the mean T followed by a slow decline; however, T did not fall significantly below the mean baseline level. In contrast, in 2 of the 4 subjects LHRH resulted in rises in T levels (P less than 0.05) above the basal titers. Testosterone-binding globulin (TeBG) mean titers showed no diurnal rhythm in the control studies. There were statistically significant elevations of mean TeBG 150 min after LH and 340 to 370 min after LHRH, as well as sustained increases during the final 30 to 210 min of 1 or 2 individuals in each group. The reason for these increases in TeBG is not presently known. Estrogen analyses performed in all studies on 2 of the subjects revealed: 1) afternoon titers of estrone were lower than baseline in all 6 studies, 2) there was no diurnal rhythm for estradiol in control studies, and 3) estradiol increased during the final 2.5 to 3 h after LHRH (P less than 0.01), but after LH it was not altered in 1 man and was lower in the other. PMID- 51030 TI - Thyroidal accumulation of 131I during adrenal gland scintigraphy with 131I-19 iodocholesterol: effects of thyroid blocking agents. AB - 131I-19-iodocholesterol has been used by Beierwaltes et al., to visualize human adrenal glands. The tissue distribution of 131I-19-iodocholesterol was determined by Morita et al., both in dogs and men. No data have been reported on thyroidal 131I accumulation after administration of the radiopharmaceutical. We calculated the percentage uptake of radioactivity in the human thyroid gland inhibited with various therapeutic agents (triiodothyronine (T3), Lugol's solution, potassium perchlorate (KC1O4). PMID- 51032 TI - Effectiveness of self-instructional materials in teaching practical periodontic procedures. PMID- 51031 TI - Stimulation of human neutrophils by soluble and insoluble immunoglobulin aggregates. Secretion of granule constituents and increased oxidation of glucose. AB - Reaction of human neutrophils with aggregated immunoglobulin on nonphagocytosable surfaces results in secretion of granule enzymes (exocytosis of granules) and stimulation of glucose oxidation by the nexose monophosphate pathway (HMP). The role of HMP stimulation in the enzyme secretion and some requirements for the two neutrophil activities have been examined. It was found that (a) HMP stimulation could be selectively inhibited under conditions where release of granule enzymes remained unchanged or was enhanced, for example, by reduced glucose concentration or by 2-deoxyglucose. (b) Removal of Ca++ and addition of agents which increased the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP), however, prevented both activities, while colchicine had greater inhibitory activity on HMP stimulation than upon secretion. (c) Neutrophils incubated in suspension with particulate aggregated gamma-globulin phagocytosed the particles and exhibited a stimulated HMP and released granule enzymes. In contrast, incubation in suspension with soluble aggregated gamma-globulin resulted in the stimulated HMP only. Granule evzymes were not liberated. 300-fold less soluble aggregates bound to a surface, however readily induced exocytosis of granules from adherent neutrophils. This demonstrates the importance of surface effects in the induction of secretion from neutrophils. Aggregated immunoglobulin reacting with neutrophil Fc receptors thus induces both degranulation (exocytosis) and increased HMP activity. The pathways leading to these events are separable although apparently sharing some common steps, including the initiating events. PMID- 51033 TI - The chemical synthesis of 2-O-(alpha-L-fucopyranosyl)-3-O-(alpha-D galactopyranosyl)-D-galactose. The terminal structure of the blood-group B antigenic determinant. PMID- 51034 TI - The properties of a "synthetic" antigen related to the human blood-group Lewis a. PMID- 51035 TI - Proton magnetic resonance assignments and conformational studies of the polypeptide antibiotic [di-N-methylleucine]gramicidin S dihydrochloride. PMID- 51036 TI - Two methods for instructing personnel about foodservice sanitation. PMID- 51037 TI - Selective subcellular localization of cations with variants of the potassium (pyro)antimonate technique. AB - Fixation of rat parotid with an unbuffered osmium tetroxide solution containing nearly saturated potassium (pyro)antimonate resulted in abundant deposition of cation-antimonate precipatates in acinar cells. Altering the antimonate concentration, including buffers or chelators in the solution or changing the primary fixative resulted in an altered intensity and distribution of the precipitates formed in the tissue, apparently reflecting a degree of selectivity in ion localization. Decreasing the concentration of pyroantimonate to about half saturation preserved predominantly the less soluble antimonate salts (e.g., Na+, Ca++) and resulted in preferential retention of deposits along the plasmalemma and in mitochondrial "dense bodies," with loss of most cytoplasmic and nuclear precipitates. A similar pattern was seen if fixation with the high concentration antimonate-osmium procedure was followed by a prolonged rinse. Adding phosphate or collidine buffers markedly decreased precipitates in the nuclei and on granular reticulum as well. Phosphate buffer or ehtyleneglycoltetraacetate inhibited in vitro precipitation of calcium and sodium and decreased or abolished plasmalemmal deposits. Glutaraldehyde fixation, either in the presence of antimonate or prior to antimonate-containing osmium tetroxide, abolished heterochromatin deposits. Mitochondrial dense bodies were of two types, one containing precipitate and the other inherently osmiophilic. The latter were also observed in pyrophosphate-osmium controls. Results from in vitro titrations of cations with the various antimonate methods and from neutron activation analyses of fixed tissues supported conclusions drawn from fine structural distribution patterns and were interpreted as follows. In rat parotid acinar cells, deposits in heterochromatin and on granular reticulum probably arose from precipitation in sites of high K+ and H+ as well as--NH3+-rich histones. Plasmalemmal antimonate deposits demonstrated sites of sodium and/or calcium accumulation. Some mitochondrial dense bodies contained Ca++ whereas others were inherently osmiophilic. Large, extracellular deposits were probably predominantly sodium precipitates. PMID- 51038 TI - Cytochemical localization of peroxisomes in Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Pronounced staining of Tetrahymena pyriformis peroxisomes was demonstrated when glutaraldehyde-fixed cells were incubated in an alkaline medium containing 3,3' diaminobenzidine and hydrogen peroxide. A variable amount of electron-opague deposit was observed when cells were incubated in diaminobenzidine and H2O2 for 1 hr while an intense deposit followed incubation for 4 hr in the same medium. The staining was abolished completely when 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole, KCN or NaN3 was added to the incubation medium. Based on these cytochemical observations and the morphologic identification by size, shape and other ultrastructural details, it is suggested that this study presents evidence for a conclusive morphologic identification of Tetrahymena peroxisomes. PMID- 51039 TI - Ultrastructural localization of gamma-chain and immunoglobulin G in human lymphocytes using enzyme-labeled Fab fragment. AB - By the use of rabbit antibodies against the heavy chain of human immunoglobulin G (IgG), the gamma-chain and IgG molecules were successfully localized at the ultrastructural level in human peripheral lymphocytes. The rabbit Fab fragment was coupled to horseradish peroxidase by means of glutaraldehyde and the resulting conjugate could penetrate the intact plasma membrane. Discernible reaction product was observed in cisternae of the nuclear envelope, rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus as well as on the surface of the lymphocytes. In normal human individuals under no specific antigenic stimulation, only a few peripheral lymphocytes showed a rare positive intractoplasmic reaction. Reaction product may represent either the whole IgG molecule, the half molecule consisting of one heavy and one light chain or nascent gamma-chain. PMID- 51040 TI - Occurrence of viral hepatitis type B and type non-B in three patients. AB - Acute viral hepatitis type B was observed in three patients convalescing from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag)-negative viral hepatitis. The two types of viral hepatitis were clearly differentiated by serial HBs Ag determinations with counterimmunoelectrophoresis and radioimmunoassay. These findings provide additional evidence of the lack of cross-immunity between the two types of viral hepatitis and indicate that patients with HBs Ag-positive and HBs Ag-negative acute viral hepatitis should be separated. PMID- 51041 TI - Exit block in sustained atrial tachycardia in two children. AB - The electrocardiographic findings in two children with sustained atrial tachycardia and exit block are reported. The exit block was dependent on the atrial pacemaker rate, being present only at rapid rates of discharge. In one case propranolol enhanced the exit block, and on an appropriate dose the heart rate was maintained within a well tolerated range. PMID- 51042 TI - Serological relationship between a pathogenic strain of Marek's disease virus, its attenuated derivative and herpes virus of turkeys. AB - Precipitating antigens present in extracts of chick embryo cells infected with the HPRS-16 attenuated strain of Marek's disease virus (att-MDV) were separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G200 and some of their properties determined. The two main antigens detected with convalescent MD serum, referred to as 'B' and 'C' antigens, had mobilities of 0-55 and 0-25 respectively relative to phenol red on electrophoresis in 7-5% acrylamide gel. The B antigen was relatively stable and of low mol. wt. in comparison with the C antigen. B and C antigens were in some instances also detected in culture medium of infected cells, but were distinguishable from the A antigen, a major glycoprotein antigen released into the culture medium of cells infected with HPRS-16. The results of immunodiffusion studies suggest that B antigen is common to MDV and strains of herpes virus of turkeys(HVT) and that at least 2 antigens (including C) are MDV specific. The A antigen was also common to MDV and HVT strains. It was noted however that the capacity of HPRS-16/att to synthesize A antigen was considerably reduced in comparison with HPRS-16 and HVT strains, and in some preparations the A antigen could not be detected. Evidence was also obtained for the presence of HVT specific antigens associated mainly with the cell fraction. PMID- 51043 TI - The biochemistry of cholinergic synapses as exemplified by the electric organ of Torpedo. PMID- 51045 TI - Myelin basic protein in frozen and unfrozen bovine brain: a study of autolytic changes in situ. PMID- 51044 TI - Intra-axonal transport of transmitters in mammalian neurons. PMID- 51046 TI - Cellular immune response to peripheral nerve basic protein in idiopathic facial paralysis (Bell's palsy). AB - Lymphocytes from patients with Bell's palsy were shown to undergo significant stimulation when cultured in vitro in the presence of a purely neuritogenic basic protein (P1L) isolated from human peripheral nerve myelin. No sensitization was observed to other neural antigens, namely, another periperal nerve myelin basic protein (P2) and the central nerve myelin basic encephalitogenic protein (BE). A similar pattern of response was also demonstrated in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Lymphocytes from patients suffering from other neuropathies or other diseases involving the face showed no response to any of these antigens. The specific in vitro response to P1L protein in Bell's palsy may suggest that an in vivo sensitization of lymphocytes to such self protein occurs in this condition, and that cell-mediated, probably post-infectious, autoimmune mechanisms may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of the paralysis. Thus, Bell's palsy is immunologically similar to GBS, or may even represent a mononeuritic variant of GBS. In view of these findings the administration of steroids to patients with Bell's palsy seems logical on the basis of their immunosuppressive action. PMID- 51047 TI - Monocytes and histiocytes in cell cultures of cerebrospinal fluid. Morphology of cultured CSF cells. AB - A method of CSF cell culturing, based on observations of cultured cells isolated from 700 CSF specimens obtained for routine diagnostic procedures by lumbar puncture from patients who had no proven or suspected neoplastic disease, is described which enables the demonstration of proliferating mononuclear elements even when they are present in specimens with low cell count. Spread on surfaces of plastic and glass material, monocytes and histiocytes in CSF cell cultures can appear as polygonal or crescent shaped epitheloid cells, may assume spindle shapes, or transform into multinucleated giant cells. Some cells given rise to clones with different rates of proliferation, up to the formation of a monolayer. After short term culturing the cytochemical characteristics of the cells are comparable to those of the native cells. Phagocytosis in culture is possible. Cells with a high rate of proliferation can be isolated from CSF specimens in subacute non-bacterial inflammatory processes, in chronic meningitis, in the state of repair of bacterial meningitis and subarachnoid hemorrhage, after repeated lumbar punctures and other unspecific irritations such as myelography and pneumencephalography, and in the course of intrathecal cytostatic therapy. PMID- 51048 TI - The effect of phenytoin and ethosuximide on primidone metabolism in patients with epilepsy. AB - Little is known about the influence of phenytoin and ethosuximide on primidone. Therefore we studied three groups of patients: 28 receiving primidone alone, 16 on comedication of primidone with phenytoin and 9 on primidone plus ethosuximide. Antiepileptic drug determinations were done with Kupferberg's gas chromatographic method. The results show that the addition of phenytoin--but not ethosuximide- does increase the plasma concentration of phenobarbital derived from primidone but not of primidone itself. The phenobarbital/primidone plasma concentration ratio is with 4.2 +/- 0.7 (+/- S.E.) significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in patients receiving primidone and phenytoin as compared to those on primidone alone (1.6 +/- 0.2) or together with ethosuximide (1.4 +/- 0.7). The effect of phenytoin occurs and persists for several days after the steady state plasma concentration of phenytoin has been reached. This effect is probably not due to induction of enzymes hydroxylating primidone but rather to inhibition of the metabolism and/or excretion of phenobarbital. A case of phenobarbital intoxication due to addition of phenytoin to primidone medication is described in detail. PMID- 51049 TI - The accessory deep peroneal nerve. AB - The innervation of the right M. extensor digitorum brevis was investigated in 52 subjects with the aid of stimulation electromyography. In 13 cases (25%) a particular branch of the superficial branch of the peroneal nerve, the accessory deep peroneal nerve, could be identified. In 1 case it alone, and in 12 cases, together with the deep peroneal nerve, innervated the M. ext. dig. brevis. The significance of the awareness of this anomalous innervation is pointed out. PMID- 51050 TI - [Peripheral nerve compression by ganglionic cysts (author's transl)]. AB - Extra- and intraneural ganglionic cysts rarely involved peripheral nerves. They are found in the neighbourhood of large joints. Intraneural cysts prefer the deep peroneal nerve and cause intermittent pain and severe nerve damage. The ulnar nerve is affected most often at the wrist. There are different types of distal motor and/or sensory ulnar palsy. Spontaneous recovery may take place and recurrences of intraneural cysts of the peroneal nerve occur after surgery. PMID- 51051 TI - [Subacute myelo-optic-neuropathy (S.M.O.N.) following treatment with clioquinol (author's transl)]. AB - 2 patients, who were treated with clioquinol after radical resection of carcinoma of the rectum and colostomy, developed symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy, mild posterior tract ataxia, bilateral pyramidal tract lesions and optic neuropathy, a clinical picture compatible with subacute myelo-optic-neuropathy (S.M.O.N.). One patient had neurological symptoms after having received 750 g of clioquinol, 3 years after treatment started, and impairment of vision was noted after having received 1200 g. The other patient had neurological symptoms 6 weeks after clioquinol was first given, having received 65 g, the average daily dose being 1.5 g, and vision was impaired after 765 g had been administered. On examination 12 and 14 months after clioquinol had been discontinued, the first patient's vision was slightly improved, but he was otherwise unchanged, while the vision of the other patient was unchanged, but she had otherwise deteriorated slightly neurologically. Electrophysiological examinations confirmed the clinical observations. A multifactor etiology of the syndrome: neurotoxicity of clioquinol, paraneoplastic neuropathy and malabsorption, is discussed. PMID- 51052 TI - A case of peripheral facial palsy following varicella. PMID- 51053 TI - [False diagnosis of space occupying lesions as multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases are described in which severe neurological deficits arose because of the wrong diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis over many years. In both cases the correct diagnosis of a space occupying lesion was possible by clinical signs, particularly by the X-ray examination. PMID- 51054 TI - Editorial: Review of the split brain. PMID- 51055 TI - A revised boron-neutron capture therapy for malignant brain tumors. II. Interim clinical result with the patients excluding previous treatments. AB - Fifteen brain tumor patients were treated with slow neutron. It proved to extend life span of terminal glioblastoma patients irresponsive to Co-60, to 2 years, but quality of survival is poor due to complications of previous treatments. Two glioblastoma patients excluding other treatments, the only genuine Boron-neutron capture therapy cases, have been living for 39+ and 34+ months working full-scale without neurological deficit. PMID- 51056 TI - [Colour naming deficit in aphasic and non-aphasic brain damaged patients (author's transl)]. AB - We have examined the severity and quality of aphasic misnaming in colour naming tasks as compared to errors of patients with right-sided brain damage and to patients with posterior disconnexion syndrome. The investigation is based on 80 aphasic patients, 20 patients with right-sided brain damage and 80 normal control subjects. Differences in the performance for colour and object naming are discussed. The main results were: 1. The subtypes of aphasia did not differ quantitatively in both types of performance. All aphasics made significantly more errors on colour naming than on object naming tasks. This difference, however, was numerically too small to have practical value. 2. Unlike in the corresponding understanding tasks, both types of naming tasks differentiated between aphasic and non-aphasic patients, the aphasic group performing poorer. 3. The four subtypes of aphasia had similar error scores in the 10 colour tasks. We observed certain regularities in the type of paraphasic misnaming for the total group of aphasics. The subgroup of amnesic aphasia was characterized by a strategy of modifying the colour terms similar to the description of use encountered in the language behavior of these patients. 4. Patients with posterior disconnexion syndrome in general make 7 errors out of 10 tasks in colour naming, in contrast to 2 errors out of 10 tasks in object naming. For aphasic patients the relation is 3.5 to 2.5 errors. PMID- 51057 TI - Depth perception and location of brain lesions. AB - Depth perception was examined in 50 patients with brain lesions and in 16 controls using a polaroid test (Titmus). Error percentage and response time were measured. Intellectually impaired patients performed significantly worse than intellectually normal patients. On the other hand, location of the cerebral lesion (right, left, or generalized) had no significant effect; zero error percentages were observed among intellectually normal patients even with right or left parietal lesions. Intellectually normal patients did not differ from healthy controls. PMID- 51058 TI - [Cerebellar movement disorders in monkeys. Comparison of rapidly alternating and slower target movements during cooling of the dentate nucleus (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of short reversible cooling of the dentate nucleus in two groups of 3 and 4 cebus monkeys, with two different types of ipsilateral elbow movements, have been studied. One group was trained to turn a moving handle back and forth rapidly between two mechanical stops, while the second group was trained to move the handle between two target zones. Brief blocking of the dentate nucleus caused a delayed termination of contraction of the agonistic muscles (hypermetria) near the mechanical stop for very rapid, ballistic, alternating arm movements and, consequently, delayed initiation of the antagonistic return movement. The resulting increase of the duration of a single movement was not caused by a reduction of the peak acceleration of the movement. For the slower target movements, dentate nucleus cooling caused shortening of agonistic muscular contraction (hypometria) with corresponding, saccadic movement corrections. The frequency of the "movement tremor" lay between 3 and 5 Hz. The average velocity maxima during dentate cooling did not change. The findings indicate that different types of movements exhibit different disturbances of the movement pattern during the period of functional elimination of the same anatomical structure. The results indicate that the dentate nucleus and cerebellar hemispheres take part in preprogramming movement duration (Kornhuber) for rapid ballistic movements. In slower target movements, the dentate nucleus may be involved in sectional preprogramming of step movements. PMID- 51059 TI - [Bacillary dysentery with involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - A man, age 50, fell ill with polyneuropathy followed by parkinsonism and organic psychosis and died in a shock 6 weeks later. Serologic examination suggested bacillary dysentery, but the patient had no diarrhoea. The neuropathological examination did not reveal any organic substrat of parkinsonism. Peripheral nerves showed mucoid degeneration, segmental demyelination and lymphocytic infiltration of peri- and endoneurium. Many Renaut bodies were found which seemed to arise from mucoid masses organized by cells of the endoneurium. Polyneuropathy and parkinsonism are well known neurological complications of bacillary dysentery and favour this diagnosis in accord with the serological findings. PMID- 51060 TI - Movement-associated cortical potentials in unilateral cerebral lesions. AB - Movement-associated cortical potentials (MP) associated with thumb-opposition or fist-clenching were studied in 20 patients with unilateral cerebral lesions and in 8 healthy subjects. MP was abnormal in 16 patients. The most frequent abnormality was an attenuation of the N component or readiness potential, recorded on the central region contralateral to the contracting muscle, on the affected hemisphere. The occurrence and severity of MP abnormalities seem to be influenced by an intensity and extension of the lesion, rather than by how much disability is present in the affected limb. There was no significant correlation between the abnormalities of MP and of EEG. The most useful index of MP for comparing two hemispheres was shown to be the amplitude and wave form of the N component or readiness potential contralateral to the contracting muscle. PMID- 51061 TI - DC potentials of temporal lobe seizures in the monkey. AB - In 8 monkeys, made epileptic by alum or penicillin injection into temporal lobe structures, 40 seizures were studied by both DC cortical potential and subcortical EEG recordings. Eighteen seizures of lateral temporal origin had an abrupt negative DC potential shift of 0.5 to 2.0 mV in and around the focus. The frontal, parietal and occipital cortices did not develop DC potential changes, perhaps due to the limited propagation of the neocortical seizures. Twenty-two seizures of medial temporal origin showed a negative shift of the anterior, inferior or lateral temporal cortex in 85% of seizures. The other 15% had a positive or no shift. In hippocampal seizures, a positive displacement was sometimes seen prior to the main negative shift in the lateral temporal cortex. The remote cortex developed only a minimal positive shift in 30% of the mediotemporal seizures. A marked negative shift in the frontocentral cortex was the first sign of impending generalization, which may result from a series of chain reactions with seizure propagation, involving more and more structures of the brain. Registration of DC potentials in temporal lobe seizures may give insight into the nature of abnormal EEG activities and to some extent into the origin of seizures. PMID- 51062 TI - Thrombosis and intracranial tumors. AB - 334 necropsy reports of intracranial neoplasm from an autopsy material over 13 years were reviewed to study the relationship of intracranial tumors to vascular thrombosis. The incidence of venous thrombosis in intracranial tumors was found to be 27.5% while that of a control group without malignancies taken at random from the autopsy material was 17%. The difference gives a statistical significance of P less than or equal to 0.05. The parameters of sex, surgical intervention, the malignancy and the histological type of the tumor apparently dod not affect thrombus formation to a statistically significant degree. There is increased thrombosis frequency with increasing age. The presence of hemiparesis or hemiparalysis does not affect the incidence of thrombosis. However, it determines to a great degree the lateralization of the thrombus. PMID- 51063 TI - Duchenne muscular dystrophy and poliomyelitis. A study of dystrophic-denervated muscle. AB - A systematic study of dystrophy-denervation in human muscle showed minimal morphometabolic differences between dystrophic and dystrophic-denervated muscle. The only certain conclusion is that denervation influences the rhythm of evolution of the dystrophy without impressing any of the few characteristics considered at present as peculiar to denervation. PMID- 51064 TI - [Spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula in a case of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Rendu) (author's transl)]. AB - A 37-year-old woman suffered from headaches, right facial pain, double vision and occasional tinnitus. On examination there was only a slightly dilated right pupil, weakened corneal reflex and capillary bleeding from telangiectasia of both hands. Similar bleedings occured in her mother (mouth and hands) and son (nose). The arteriography of the right carotid artery showed a cavernous sinus fistula with a small shunt. Steady compression of the carotid artery by hand caused a marked improvement in the subjective symptomatology. PMID- 51065 TI - Racial predilection in multiple sclerosis. AB - Comparisons between the geographic distribution of multiple sclerosis and the habitats of various racial groups showed that racial factors alone could not explain the increase in prevalence of the disease with latitude. Racially similar groups living in different areas had different frequencies of multiple sclerosis. Conversely, racially different groups, living in the same area, had similar prevalence rates of multiple sclerosis. Moreover, migrants moving from one environment to another at a young age (before adolescence) appeared "to acquire" the risk of multiple sclerosis of the new environment. These observations suggest than an environmental factor independent of race influenced the risk of acquiring multiple sclerosis. Nonetheless, some genetic factors associated with race may also be implicated, for example, HL-A tissue antigens (perhaps by virtue of a common association with the immune response (Ir) gene), the Gm and Inv immunoglobulin characteristics and skin pigmentary characteristics (perhaps through interactions between pigmentation and calcium metabolism). The specific environmental factors determining risk of multiple sclerosis and the mechanism whereby the racial (genetic) factors may influence risk remain to be elucidated. PMID- 51066 TI - The internal auditory artery: (embryology, anatomy, angiography, pathology). AB - A review of the literature on the embryology, anatomy and angiography of the internal auditory artery has shown that there may be considerable variation as to the origin and number of internal auditory arteries. The present study, based on serial magnification angiographies of the internal auditory artery, has demonstrated 7 variants of the origin of this artery although in 45.4% of cases the internal auditory artery arose from the anterior inferior cerebellar artery. For the diagnosis of pathological processes in the cerebellopontine angle (tumors, sudden deafness, vascular abnormalities) magnification angiography is of special importance. Acoustic neurinomas in particular can be diagnosed early on the basis of vascular dislocations and possible tumor staining. Magnification angiography is the method of choice for the demonstration of vascular malformations. The etiology of sudden deafness can not be determined by angiographic studies alone, due to the fact that the internal auditory artery can show considerable variations as regards length and caliber. Magnification angiography of this region should be carried out in all cases with the clinical picture of a cerebellopontine angle lesion in order to achieve diagnostic clarification. PMID- 51067 TI - [Measurement of attention deficit in the course of intoxications (author's transl)]. AB - The level and course of attention was measured hourly in 9 drug intoxicated patients after a suicide attempt over periods which varied between 12 and 72 hrs. Attention was measured by the use of two additive 5 step scales for susceptibility to stimulation and reactivity, which were developed by the authors in earlier investigations and proven to be very reliable. Although, the original data set of attention measures was different among the patients, some common features could be elaborated: 1. The level of attention varies very little within 1 hr. Differences greater than one step on the scales were rarely observed between two measurements. 2. The mean course of recovery from attention deficit is linear throughout the scales while the variance is substantial at each step of the scales. For quantification of attention deficit a measure was defined which gives the relation between the actual deficit and full attention. Since the correlation between both scales is high over the whole observation period, it was concluded that the intoxication alters the level but not the structure of attention. PMID- 51068 TI - [Myopathia myotonica. A new type of hereditary muscle disease (author's transl)]. AB - A new type of hereditary muscle disease, characterized by weakness and painful spasms during effort, without electrical activity in the shortened muscles, is described. These phenomena are limited principally to the upper limbs. In addition we found electromyographical signs of a generalized myotonic syndrome. The histological and histochemical investigations reveal only minimal non specific signs of myopathy. The activities of CPK and aldolase in the blood serum are increased at times. A normal elevation of venous lactate was observed during ischemic work. The biochemical studies of muscular tissue exhibit normal activities of the analyzed enzymes, especially as regards phosphorylase. An increased concentration of calcium ions in blood serum may be related to the contraction during strenuous work; it is known that calcium ions are an important factor in the contraction-relaxation cycle of striated muscle. The age of manifestation varied from 4 to 33 years in 4 cases of the relatives observed. The disease shows no signs of aggravation as to the severity and extent of the disorders. The nature of the underlying metabolic defect is still unknown. PMID- 51069 TI - [Irritation of the lumbar plexus by an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta (author's transl)]. AB - Case report on a 67-year-old patient presenting sensory disturbances involving the segments L1--L3 and absence of the knee jerk in the left leg. At postmortem examination an arteriosclerotic aneurysm of the aorta abdominalis was found to be the cause for the lesion of the upper lumbar roots. PMID- 51070 TI - [The occurrence of diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, optic atrophy and neurogenic deafness in one patient (author's transl)]. AB - Report of a further case with coexisting diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, optic atrophy und neurogenic deafness. It was not possible to find a cause for these symptoms. The cases reported in the literature are brought together and discussed. PMID- 51071 TI - 3H-thymidine autoradiography of CSF cells in primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the brain. AB - CSF cells in a case of primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the brain with diffuse subarachnoid spreading were examined by 3H-thymidine autoradiography. Immediately after lumbar puncture, the CSF withdrawn was incubated at 37 degrees C for 1 hr with an admixture of 3H-thymidine at a rate of 1 muCi/ml CSF. The cells were collected by centrifugation and the microautoradiographic procedure was performed. The labeling index (L.I.) of the total CSF cells was 10.5%, and when non-neoplastic cells, i.e. polymorphonuclear leukocytes, small lymphocytes, monocytes etc., were excluded, the real L.I. of the tumor cells in the CSF was supposed to be more than 14.4%. Referring to the results of various brain tumors reported in the literature, this belongs to the highest labeling group. The high L.I. of the tumor cells in this case was well consistent with the extremely rapid clinical course. It should be stressed that the examination of CSF cells by 3H thymidine autoradiography in cases of brain tumors could be one of the valuable methods indicating the DNA synthesis of the tumor cells, which is an important parameter of malignancy. PMID- 51072 TI - [The diagnostic value of the F wave latency (author's transl)]. AB - The N. medianus was stimulated electrically in 44 healthy persons and in 30 unselected diabetics. Latencies of the F wave were measured, corrected for different lengths of the upper extremity, and used for computation of nerve conduction velocity. In comparison with conventional motor nerve conduction velocities the F wave latencies showed a more pronounced difference between the normal and the pathological (diabetic) range. The F wave nerve conduction velocities also varied less than conventional nerve conduction velocities. The explanation for this might be that the F wave recordings are the result of a full anti- and orthodromic impulse propagation which travels 5 to 6 times further than the impulse measured with conventional nerve conduction velocity methods. Therefore small delays of nerve conduction will be amplified and can be better recognized by F wave latency measurements. The present findings suggest that F wave latencies may be more sensitive than conventional nerve conduction velocities in evaluating mild cases and in identifying the initial phases of neuropathies. PMID- 51073 TI - An electro-oculographic study of ocular bobbing and intermittent vertical oscillations occuring in the same patient. AB - A surviving patient with two rare types of abnormal eye movements, typical ocular bobbing and subsequently developed intermittent vertical oscillations of the eyes, is described, and a follow-up series of electro-oculographic recordings of these eye movements is analyzed. It is suggested that these two types of vertical eye movements might have a common pathophysiological background and the activity of remaining functional oculomotor pathways may play an important role in their occurrence. PMID- 51074 TI - The relationship between target, targetoid, and targetoid/core fibers in severe neurogenic muscular atrophy. AB - In the m. tibialis anterior of a 68-year-old man with rapidly developing denervation atrophy in the legs since 1/2 year prior to death from heart stroke, abundant unifocal concentric fiber changes, such as target, targetoid/core, and targetoid fibers could be observed. Besides, large vacuolized fibers with multiple changes resembling cytoplasmic bodies in the peripheral zone were present as well; they are interpreted as fibers with multicentric target or targetoid formations. The target fibers displayed a broad variation of their outer appearance suggesting a continuous transition to targetoid/core fibers (with a dense center) and targetoid fibers (with a central change to aquous sarcoplasm showing a paucity of fibrillar structures). Very few fibers with a central densification of fibrillar material with or without a thin intermediate zone were fairly akin to core fibers of central core disease; others were more alike the type of targetoid fibers, previously described in the literature, showing a dense target-like center; both were summarized under the term, inaugurated by Engel et al. (1966), "targetoid/core fibers". Simultaneous occurrence of the different kinds of concentric fiber changes suggested a strong relation between all of them in the sense of representing different developmental stages of the same pathogenetic process. Thus, the central core disease, for instance, might be a disorder with a generalization of concentric fiber changes having come to arrest in the earliest stage of development. PMID- 51075 TI - [X-ray studies of the brain as a basis for stereotaxy (author's transl)]. AB - All attempts to reconstruct the topography of the brain in the living from studies of animal material are handicapped by technical difficulties. The best method is to compare exact X-ray pictures, which have been taken under stereotactic conditions. From a large collection of such X-rays the authors have composed contours of the internal table of the skull and of the ventricles, which best match the brains, selected for the Schaltenbrand-Bailey sterotactic atlas. For practical purposes these contours were combined with the transparent overlays for the nomenclature and the border lines of the different parts of the basal ganglia, which have been used in the myelin sections part of the atlas. A comparison of our sagittal series with the new X-ray findings shows, that the sagittal schemata of the atlas represent an extreme variation in the position of the Meynert axis and of the contours of the 4th ventricle. We have chosen a new axis system for the hindbrain, which corresponds to the average of our brains in constructing a new set of typical overlays for the atlas. The contour of the posterior fossa had to be completed. An independent axis system dor the structures of the 4th ventricle was developed, consisting of the base of the 4th ventricle, and a tangent, to the upper contour of the pons. In sterotactic procedures the axis systems for the forebrain and the hindbrain should be used independently. The results obtained are the basis for a new series of lantern slides which can be projected against the X-ray pictures with the Wurzburg stereotactic equipment. In the course of this investigation we discovered a source of error. When air enters the puncture hole of the dura, the brain may sink back, so with the patient lying on his back, all structures may shift a few millimeters towards the occipital region. When the patient is lying on his side, as during an approach to the amygdala through the planum temporale, the ventricular system may collapse, so that almost no air is visible in the ventricles and the 3rd ventricle may appear to be in the lower hemisphere, the dislocation being more than 5-8 mm. But filling the ventricle with air through the ventricular catheter is sufficient to blow up the brain and to restore the normal topography. PMID- 51076 TI - [Torpid degeneration of the lateral pallidum with Bielschowsky bodies. Light and electronmicroscopic findings (author's transl)]. AB - In a 60-year man with a very slowly progressive motor disturbance probably of torsion systonic or choreoathetotic type which started in childhood, we found an isolated degeneration of the exterior pallidum with intraneuronal deposition of Bielschowsky bodies and only slight deficit of neurons. The Bielschowsky bodies show the same structure as corpora amylacea and Lafora bodies. They might also be the result of a cellular disturbance mainly concerning the carbohydrate metabolism. In this case they are localised only in the neurons of the exterior part of the pallidum--in contrast to the organogenitically otherwise deriving (from the nucl. entopeduncularis) intact neurons of the pallidum internum--and they induce, after an excessive accumulation of the metabolites, not till extremely late loss of neurons. This circumstance explains the very torpid progress of this disease. PMID- 51077 TI - [The problem of early diagnosis of brain tumours causing seizures only (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of brain tumour could not be made in 91 cases at the first investigation in a group of 1155 brain tumours. Slowly growing gliomas causing only epileptic fits and no other symptoms are especially difficult to diagnose. Of 21 personal observations of tumour seizures, in which the diagnosis of the neoplasm was missed at the first investigation in hospital, 9 were oligodendrogliomas, 5 astrocytomas, 3 glioblastomas, 2 spongioblastomas, 1 gangliocytoma and 1 a metastasis. They were all located in the frontal or centroparietal region. In most cases the seizures appeared during the third or fourth decade. The average interval between the first epileptic fit and the tumour diagnosis was 8.2 years in cases of oligodendrogliomas and 2.2 years in astrocytomas. 5 patients had major seizures, 2 had psychomotor attacks and all the others suffered from partial epilepsy. Anticonvulsive therapy was often successfull; either the frequency of the fits diminished or, in 2 cases, the character of the seizures changed. 18 patients had a normal neurostatus at time of the first investigation. Only 3 patients had a slight difference of physiological reflexes, but no other pathological signs. In none of the patients did investigation of the CSF, skull X-rays, brain scanning, pneumencephalography or cerebral angiography first lead to the diagnosis of a brain tumour. The EEG alone showed focal signs corresponding to the location of the tumour in about 50% of the cases. PMID- 51079 TI - Preparation and chemical characterization of radioiodinated bleomycin. AB - None of the radionuclides with which bleomycin has been labeled have chemical and nuclear properties that are entirely satisfactory for in vivo tumor localization. Bleomycin has been radioiodinated by the iodine monochloride, chloramine-T, and lactoperoxidase methods. Iodine monochloride proved to be the preferred method and conditions were developed whereby 80% of radioiodide was covalently bound to bleomycin. Bleomycin (140 mug) was added to 200 mul of saline/citrate buffer (pH 7.0) followed by radioiodide and iodine monochloride. This reaction mixture was incubated for 1 hr and purified by Sephadex G-10 chromatography. The iodine monochloride reaction product underwent hydrolytic deiodination in vitro at a rate of about 1.2%/day (0.15 M NaCl, 37 degrees C). Bleomycin A and B components were radioiodinated with equal efficiency on a mole fraction basis. PMID- 51078 TI - [To the differential diagnosis of cranial nerve lesions: the progressive necrotising external otitis (author's transl)]. AB - A review of necrotising external otitis, a relatively unknown and dangerous disease, brings out that, initially, it has three characteristics: a granulating necrotising ostitis of the external meatus, extreme pain and a yellowish green secretion. It is always caused by a pseudomonas infection and in almost all cases the patients suffer from diabetes mellitus. If the condition is not recognized in good time and an extensive debridement of the bone involved not performed promptly, ostomyelitis of the base of the skull may follow with involvement of cranial nerves. Severe chronic osteomyelitis of cervical vertebrae occurred in one of our cases. The neurologist must bear this disease in mind in the differential diagnosis when cranial nerves are affected because the nerve disturbances may become evident only after the local condition has subsided or the nerve deficits may be more prominent than and obscure the local ear condition. The most commonly involved nerve is the facial although there may be multiple cranial nerves involved including the third through the twelfth. If the cervical vertebrae become affected there may be nerve root lesions. A torpid meningoencephalitis may also occur. Close cooperation between otologists and neurologists is necessary to recognize and treat these conditions properly. PMID- 51080 TI - Cobalt-labeled bleomycin--a new radiopharmaceutical for tumor localization. A comparative clinical evaluation with gallium citrate. AB - The efficacy of 57Co-labeled bleomycin as a tumor-scanning agent was evaluated in 50 patients with malignant tumor. In terms of sensitivity, labeled bleomycin was found to be a superior agent for malignant tumor detection when compared with 67Ga-citrate (p less than or equal to 0.005). Maximum sensitivity (96%) was found in epidermoid carcinomas. Because of rapid blood clearance and rapid excretion by the kidneys, interpretation of 57Co-bleomycin scans is facilitated. PMID- 51081 TI - Effects of nutritional factors on the development of ethanol-induced fatty liver in KK and KK-Ay mice. AB - KK and KK-Ay mice developed a steady and reproducible fatty liver when they were given free access to an ethanol solution as a drinking fluid for 10 to 20 days. The present studies were undertaken to elucidate effects of nutritional factors on liver fat contents of the mice given water or ethanol solution. In contrast to cornstarch, sucrose tended to increase the liver fat of control mice. A higher concentration of dietary casein lowered the liver fat of control mice, whereas the dietary concentration of cottonseed oil did not significantly affect the liver rat levels either in control or ethanol groups. Thus the standard basal diets favorable for the development of the alcoholic fatty liver have been established, for example, 10% cottonseed oil, 25 and 30% casein, 58.4 and 53.4% cornstarch for KK (12-15 weeds old) and KK-Ay (5-10 weeks old), respectively. Neither choline, myoinositol, nor any lipotropic agent tested prevented the development of the alcoholic fatty liver. Unlike in rats, orotic acid did not induce a fatty liver but rather alleviated the ethanol-induced fatty liver in these mice. PMID- 51082 TI - An alcian blue-phloxine method for the gross demonstration of squamous metaplasia in the larynx. AB - A macroscopic method using the dyes Alcian blue and phloxine is described for the investigation of squamous metaplasia in the larynx. The method also demonstrates an intermediate type epithelium about which little is known. The gross staining of the tissues is based upon the differential penetration of the dyes through squamous, intermediate and respiratory epithelia, and on the strong chemical complex formed between Alcian blue and mucin. The method is particularly useful for research purposes owing to the permanency of the staining result. PMID- 51083 TI - Ultrastructure of the invasion of Eimeria magna sporozoites into cultured cells. AB - Monolayers of bovine kidney cells were overlaid with Eimeria magna sporozoites and observed with phase-contrast optics until penetration of the cells by the parasites had begun. Cells and penetrating parasites were fixed with glutaraldehyde and OsO4-containing ruthenium red, dehydrated, and embedded in situ. Cells being penetrated were selected for study in the electron microscope. The lack of intracellular staining with ruthenium red and intact plasmalemmas of cells being penetrated, was accepted as evidence that the sporozoites did not disrupt the plasma membranes. The sporozoite caused invagination of the host cell plasmalemma until the parasite was entirely within the cell, after which the invagination was sealed off by short pseudopodia enclosing the sporozoite within a membrane=lined vacuole inside the cell. Often myelin-forms, apparently of host cell origin, were seen in the space between the sporozoite and the cell. PMID- 51084 TI - Effects of bleomycin on mouse bone-marrow stem cells. AB - The mouse hematopoietic stem-cell population was tested by the spleen colony technique for effects of the antineoplastic agent bleomycin (BLM). The time response of normal bone marrow was investigated by a single dose of BLM (400 mg/kg) between 0 and 72 hours. The dose response was studied over a wide range of doses (from 40 to 1,600 mg/kg) at a 4-hour exposure. Additional experiments concerned 1) the fraction of colony-forming units in the S phase after BLM administration (by means of pulse hydroxyurea treatment), 2) the response of bone marrow stimulated by endotoxin, and 3) the effects of split-dose treatments. The relatively low toxicity of BLM on both the differentiated and stem-cell populations of unstimulated bone marrow was confirmed and detailed. This drug exhibited peculiar, proliferation-dependent cell inactivation kinetics. Furthermore, BLM induced parasynchronous behavior in the unstimulated stem-cell population. The various aspects of BLM action are discussed with regard to its use in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 51085 TI - Detection of a TL(+) murine leukemia cell line that resists the cytotoxic effects of guinea pig complement and specific antiserum. AB - RADA-1 cells [H-2a thy-1b; thymus-leukemia (TL) 1, 2, 3], a radiation-induced murine leukemia cell line maintained by serial transfer in histocompatible recipients, resisted lysis by guinea pig complement (GPC) and TL 1, 3; TL 2; or TL 1, 2, 3 antiserum. The cells expressed TL antigenic specificities as determined by indirect fluorescent antibody methods, the direct isolation of TL antigens from the cells, and the capacity of the cells to reduce known titers of TL antisera. GPC was consumed to the same extent during the reaction of resistant cells and TL antisera as occurred in the reaction of sensitive cells (killed under similar conditions) and TL antisera. RADA-1 cells were not nonspecifically resistant to complement (C)-mediated lysis; they were killed in the presence of H 2a antiserum and GPC. The TL antisera contained antibodies for TL determinants. They stimulated the C-mediated lysis of ASL-1 cells (TL 1, 2, 3) and thymocytes from strain A mice (TL 1, 2, 3). The TL antigens of resistant RADA-1 cells underwent antigenic modulation, the reversible disappearance of TL antigens from the cells stimulated by specific antiserum. After the cells were treated with neuraminidase, they became susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of aliquots of the same TL antisera and GPC used previously. PMID- 51086 TI - Complement sensitivity of somatic hybrids of a complement-resistant murine leukemia cell line. AB - RADA-1 cells (H-2a), a murine leukemia cell line maintained by serial transfer in histocompatible recipients expressing thymus-leukemia (TL) 1, 2, 3 antigenic determinants, resisted the cytotoxic effects of guinea pig complement (GPC) and TL antiserum. The cells expressed a lower density of TL antigens than did ASL-1 cells, another TL(+) leukemia cell line expressing the same determinants and susceptible to complement (C)-mediated lysis. Stable somatic cell hybrids of RADA 1 cells and LM(TK)- cells (H2k), a TL(minus) thymidine kinase-deficient mutant of mouse L cells, were selected in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine medium. The hybrid cells expressed the H-2 antigens of both parents and shared a hybrid karyotype. They formed TL 1, 2, 3 antigens as determined by immunofluorescence, mixed hemagglutination methods, the direct isolation of TL antigens from Nonidet P40 extracts of the cells, and the capacity of the cells to reduce by absorption the known titers of TL antiserum. These hybrid cells lost the capacity to resist lysis by TL antiserum and GPC. They were susceptible to the cytotoxic effects of TL 1, 2, 3; TL 2; OR TL 1, 3 antiserum and GPC, even though the density of TL antigens associated with the cells was approximately 25% of their resistant RADA 1 parental cells. These results indicated that the mechanism of resistance to C mediated lysis was genetically separable from the expression of TL antigens by the cells and that the susceptibility of the cells to the cytotoxic effects of antiserum was related only in part to the density of TL antigens expressed by the cells. PMID- 51087 TI - Inhibition of purified DNA polymerase of RNA tumor viruses by fluoranthene derivatives and analogues of tilorone hydrochloride. AB - At concentrations of 7 times 10(-6) to 7 times 10(-5) M, derivatives consisting of the polycylic ring structures fluoranthene, fluorenone, fluorene, anthraquinone, xanthenone, and dibenzofuran with appropriate amine side chains inhibited by over 90% the purified RNA-directed DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus acting on poly(deoxyadenylate-deoxythymidylate) [poly(dA dT)]. Of these, only the fluoranthene derivatives were strong inhibitors of the viral DNA polymerase directed by polyadenylate-oligodeoxythymidylate [poly(A) (dT)12-18]. Low levels of fluoranthene derivatives (1 times 10(-5) M) also strongly inhibited polymerase with polyinosinate-oligodeoxycytidylate [poly(I) (dC)12-18], activated calf thymus DNA, and viral 70S RNA as templates, but not with polycytidylate-oligodeoxyguanylate as template. A comparison of the activity of 11 fluoranthene derivatives with different side chains showed that the structure of the amine side chain influenced both the extent of antipolymerase activity with a given template and the relative inhibition with different synthetic DNA and RNA templates. The naturally occurring polyamines, spermine, spermidine, and putrescine, did not inhibit the activity of the viral DNA polymerase. Studies on the mechanism of action indicated that the synthetic derivatives inhibited polymerase activity by binding to the template and not to the enzyme: 1) inhibition by fluoranthene derivatives was overcome by the addition of excess template including poly(dA-dT), poly(A)-(dT)12-18, poly(I) (dC)12-18, viral 70S RNA, and activated calf thymus DNA; 2) the degree of inhibition by fluoranthene derivatives was unaffected by the addition of the creased viral DNA polymerase; 3) with the same template, Escherichia coli DNA directed RNA polymerase and the viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase were inhibited to about the same extent; and 4) the derivatives formed a complex with DNA, poly(I), and poly(A) that was stable to exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G 100. Several derivatives also had biologic activity, since they blocked the ability of the murine sarcoma virus to transform cells. PMID- 51088 TI - Particle-associated RNA dependent DNA polymerase and high-molecular-weight RNA in a human cell line derived from polycythemia vera bone marrow. AB - A particle fraction with a density of 1.15-1.19 g/cm3 was isolated from the cytoplasm of a human cell line established in culture from the bone marrow of an untreated patient with polycythemia vera. Electron micrographs of cross sections of cells and cell homogenates revealed virus-like particles on which DNA could be synthesized. An RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, isolated from the particles, preferred poly(rA)-oligo(dT) over poly(dA)-oligo(dT) and was able to polymerize deoxyguanosine monophosphate in a reaction stimulated by poly(rC)-oligo(dG). PMID- 51089 TI - Immunoprophylaxis and cytotoxic effector cells against EL 4 leukemia induced in syngeneic C57BL/6J mice by use of irradiated EL 4 cells. AB - Tumor-specific immunoprophylaxis was achieved in C57BL/6J mice against EL 4 leukosis cell challenge by sensitization of the syngeneic host with multiple ip injections of irradiated EL 4 cells. A minimal radiation dose was used to replication-block EL 4 cells before inoculation, as defined by dose-response analysis of irradiated EL 4 cells. Multiple ip injections of irradiated EL 4 cells stimulated development of significant, yet relatively low, levels of cytotoxic lymphoid activity (CLA) in lymphoid cells of the peritoneal exudate as measured by in vitro 51Cr-release cytotoxicity assays. The specific temporal and frequency dependencies of the inoculation regimen for achieving immunoprophylaxis indicated that, in addition to CLA, other, short-lived, immune processes were important in the tumor rejection. These observations showed the capacity of the C57BL/6J host for tumor-specific immune recognition and rejection of the syngeneic EL 4 leukemia. The tumor rejection could be elicited solely by inoculations of irradiated EL 4 cells and did not require exogenous amplifiers, such as immunoadjuvants, chemical modifiers, and/or allogeneic immune information transfer. PMID- 51090 TI - Alteration of cell-surface antigenicity of the mouse plasmacytoma. I. Immunologic characterization of surface antigens masked during successive transplantations. AB - Alterations of membrane antigenicity of IgA-synthesizing plasmacytoma cells (58 8) induced in a BALB/c mouse were investigated with rabbit antisera against 58-8 transplanted from 7-8 generations (anti-58-8) and mouse antisera against H-2d (anti-H-2d). The 58-8 cells transplanted (TP) for 8 generations (TP8), showed moderate susceptibilities to anti-58-8 [cytotoxicity index (CI) = 72%] and to anti-H-2d (Cl = 30-40%). At TP12, the susceptibility to anti-58-8 remained (tCl approximately 50%) but there was none to anti-H-2d (Cl = 0-10%). After TP13, 58-8 cells had detectable reactivity neither with anti-58-8 nor with anti-H-2d before proteolysis. However, antigenicity was demonstrated after treatment of cells with proteases: Anti-58-8 and anti-H-2d became cytotoxic to pronase-treated 58-8 (P-58 8) and these cytotoxic reactivities of antisera could be completely absorbed with P-58-8- but not with "intact" 58-8. Anti-H-2d absorbed with P-58-8 had no cytotoxicity to BALB/c spleen cells. Absorption of anti-H-2d with BALB/c spleen cells did not show any measurable cytotoxicity to P-58-8. Appearance of antigenicity after proteolysis was transient and reversible. When P-58-8 was incubated in vitro, susceptibilities to antisera were decreased. Actinomycin D and puromycin inhibited the loss of susceptibility; these metabolic inhibitors suppressed the "masking" of antigenic determinants with protein-like material(s). In early generations (TP8), 58-8 cells were susceptible to antiserum to bone marrow-derived lymphocytes (anti-B) and complement. The cells completely absorbed the cytotoxicity of anti-B against spleen cells. After additional transplantations (TP14, TP30), susceptibilities to anti-B were no longer detectable and no removal of the cytotoxicity was shown, though the cells were pretreated with pronase. Anti-B failed to kill MOPC-31C. PMID- 51091 TI - Antitumor effects of antibody-diphtheria toxin conjugates. III. Cyclophosphamide induced immune unresponsiveness to conjugates. AB - Of 9 hamsters immunized with diphtheria toxin-hamster gamma-globulin conjugates and rechallenged with this antigen 15 days later, 8 exhibited neutralizing antibodies against the conjugates 22 days after the initial immunization. Hamsters identically immunized, but also given cyclophosphamide (CY) 20 hours after the first immunization, had a much lower incidence of positive responses (2/10) and lower antibody levels in the positive responders. After further immunization with the conjugates, all CY-treated hamsters eventually developed neutralizing antibodies, but exhibited a reduction in antibody levels after a second exposure to CY. Hamsters immunized with diphtheria toxoid developed antibodies that were effective in neutralizing diphtheria toxin, but less effective against the diphtheria toxin conjugates. PMID- 51092 TI - Peroxidases in tobacco abscission zone tissue. III. Ultrastructural localization in thylakoids and membrane-bound bodies of chloroplasts. PMID- 51093 TI - Multilamellar body formation in mammalian lung: an ultrastructural study utilizing three lipid-retention procedures. Lung multilamellar body formation. PMID- 51094 TI - The effect of fixation procedures on the electron density of polysaccharide granules in Nocardia corallina. PMID- 51095 TI - [Study on the spermatozoa of Hirudinea with the negative staining technic]. PMID- 51096 TI - The nucleus of Euglena. I. An ultracytochemical study of the nucleic acids and nucleoproteins of synchronized Euglena gracilis Z. PMID- 51097 TI - The structure of the 9 + 1 axonemal core as revealed by treatment with trypsin. PMID- 51098 TI - Production of antibody to individual polypeptides derived from purified hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - Purified preparations of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were solubilized with sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea under reducing conditions and subsequently fractionated by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Pools of the individual fractions eluted from the preparative PAGE were concentrated and purified further by analytical PAGE. Five purified polypeptides were isolated from HBsAg, types adw and ayw, with molecular weights of 19,000, 24,000, 27,000, 35,000, and 40,000. Each preparations was emulsified in Freund complete adjuvant and injected into guinea pigs. Antibody to each HBsAg type was measured by radioimmunoassay. The 19,000 molecular weight polypeptide derived from ayw particles and the 27,000 molecular weight subunit obtained from both types failed to elicit an antibody response. The other three polypeptides derived from the ayw particles elicited group-specific antibody responses. Similar group-specific reactivities were observed in the testing of anti-adw 35,000 and anti-adw 40,000 molecular weight polypeptide sera. However, guinea pigs immunized with the 19,000 and the 24,000 molecular weight polypeptides of the adw type produced antibody that reacted preferentially with adw particles. This indicates that either these subunits carry predominately d determinants or that, because of the low levels of material used for inoculation, no immune response or an undetectable one was elicited to the a or w components. PMID- 51099 TI - Quantitation of RNA tumor viruses by spectroscopy of density gradient gels. AB - We have developed a system for virus particle quantitation based on the measurement of the optical absorbance of stained viruses which first have been banded at their buoyant density in an equilibrum 24 to 53% (wt/wt) sucrose density gradient, then fixed in position in the gradient by photopolymerizing an acrylamide-riboflavin mixture in the sucrose, and finally stained and destained. Using plasma from mice infected with leukemia virus (Rauscher) or chickens infected with avian myeloblastosis virus (BAI strain) or suitable controls, we have shown that this technique specifically detects RNA tumor viruses. By using virus stock solutions for which the absolute concentrations were determined by laser beat frequency spectroscopy, we have calibrated the absorbance of the viral bands in terms of virus particle concentration. Using 0.8-ml gradients gels (4 by 45 mm) we can detect as low as 2 x 10(7) viral particles with Coomassie blue staining and 6 x 10(6) viral particles with a more sensitive staining procedure using amido black. PMID- 51100 TI - Interferon-directed inhibition of chronic murine leukemia virus production in cell cultures: lack of effect on intracellular viral markers. AB - Extracellular murine leukemia virus (MLV) reverse transcriptase activity was decreased by interferon treatment in four interferon-sensitive mouse cell lines which were chronic MLV producers. In three cell lines which were relatively insensitive to interferon, extracellular enzyme activity remained unchanged by interferon treatment. The concentrations of interferon used had no effect on DNA synthesis or cell replication of AKR,C+ cells which were chronic producers of AKR MLV. In AKR,C+ cultures interferon treatment also had no effect on the level of intracellular viral reverse transcriptase activity in spite of an inhibition of extracellular enzyme activity. Treatment of AKRC+ cultures with interferon for 9 days inhibited extracellular viral reverse transcriptase levels throughout the period of treatment; however, the intracellular enzyme activity remained unchanged, and concentrations of viral p30 (gs) antigen were increased in the interferon-treated cells. When the cells were washed to remove interferon, however, virus production rapidly rose and intracellular p30 antigen fell to the levels of untreated AKR,C+ cells. These and previously reported results suggested that in interferon-treated AKR,C+ cells virus production is inhibited at a late step in the MLV replication cycle, either directly or through the inhibition of the production of a protein required for virus assembly. PMID- 51101 TI - Combined intra-arterial actinomycin D and radiation therapy for surgically unresectable hypernephroma. AB - One primary goal of preoperative radiotherapy for hypernephroma is to reduce the volume of tumor and, therefore, improve the possibility of resection. It is important that this goal be accomplished promptly so that 4 to 6 weeks after radiation therapy nephrectomy can be attempted. A longer waiting period may allow fibrosis of the normal surrounding tissues and make surgery more difficult. In addition, longer waiting periods could theoretically increase the probability of metastasis. Therefore, we plan to continue clinical investigation on the use of combined intra-arterial actinomycin D and radiotherapy as a possible useful means of improving the possibility of prompt surgical resection, since theoretically this regimen may be a method of increasing the effective radiation dose to the hypernephroma without increasing the effective radiation dose to surrounding normal tissue, such as bowel. The method may also have merit as an improved means of palliating selected patients with metastases who are symptomatic from a bulky primary hypernephroma. PMID- 51102 TI - Letter: Pleasures and tragedies of death. PMID- 51103 TI - Letter: A supravital cytodiagnostic stain for urinary sediments. PMID- 51104 TI - [Clinical studies on histamine liberating actions of muscle relaxants]. PMID- 51105 TI - [Clinical evaluation of hydroxyethyl starch (6-HES)]. PMID- 51106 TI - [Effects of low molecular hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on the kidney -- a comparison with low molecular dextran]. PMID- 51107 TI - [Experience of clinical treatment of verrucosis with bleomycin (author transl)]. PMID- 51108 TI - [Fundamentals in the dithizone staining of the human leukocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 51110 TI - Immunochemical characterization of cell wall protein antigen purified from the cell wall autolysate of Clostridium botulinum type A. AB - The cell wall protein antigen was solubilized from the isolated cell walls of Clostridium botulinum type A by autolysis and purified by diethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. The two fractions showed a high degree of the serological activity and produced a main fused precipitin line in immunodiffusion tests against the homologous antiserum. The fact that antigenic fractions contained various kinds of amino acids but no detectable amounts of amino sugars or carbohydrates suggests that the antigens were principally composed of proteins. The protein antigen possessed multiple antigenic components in immunoelectrophoresis. As serological activity, the antigen was heat-stable and resistant to tryptic digestion but sensitive to the actions of pronase, nagarse or pepsin. The protein antigen appeared to be responsible for the common antigenicity among the proteolytic strains of C. botulinum. PMID- 51109 TI - Cell-mediated and humoral immunity in mice: cross reaction between lysozyme and S carboxymethylated lysozyme studied by a modified footpad test. AB - The mouse sensitized by subcutaneous (sc) injection of lysozyme in emulsion of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) was shown by a modified footpad test to develop three kinds of hypersensitivities. Injecting lysozyme in 2.5-mul emulsion of Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) into the footpad elicited strong footpad swelling in 30 min (anaphylactic reaction), in 3 hr (Arthus-type reaction) and in 24 hr (delayed-type hypersensitivity; DTH). The mice showing anaphylactic reaction in the footpad test manifested severe active systemic anaphylaxis, and the sera of these animals showed high IgG1 antibody titers with only sparingly detectable or no IgE antibody titers. In the sensitizing system with the use of FCA, the antigenicity of S-carboxymethylated lysozyme (CM-lysozyme) devoid of the three-dimensional conformation of lysozyme was compared with that of the native molecule. CM-lysozyme and lysozyme completely cross-reacted to each other in DTH, but not at all in the anaphylactic or Arthus-type reaction or in IgG1 antibody production. CM-lysozyme was shown also to have the ability to bestow immunological memory for the induction of humoral immunity against lysozyme; intravenous (iv) injection of lysozyme in saline or sc injection of CM-lysozyme FCA alone failed to induce immediate hypersensitivities and IgG1 antibody production against lysozyme, but pre-sensitization by sc injection of CM-lysozyme FCA enabled the animal to induce these responses to significant levels when iv injection of lysozyme in saline was given as a booster. PMID- 51111 TI - [Drug immunosuppression]. PMID- 51112 TI - [Basic principles of enzyme tests in pathological processes]. PMID- 51113 TI - [Methods of determination of peptidase activity (literature survey)]. PMID- 51114 TI - [Determination of active pancreatopeptidase E in blood serum]. PMID- 51115 TI - [Method of determination of phospholipase A in blood serum]. PMID- 51116 TI - [Method of quantitative determination of trypsin and the activity of antitrypsin with the aid of specific antitryptic precipitating serum]. PMID- 51117 TI - [Method of determination of amylase/creatinine clearance for diagnosis of pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 51118 TI - [Determination of creatine kinase isoenzymes in blood serum by the method of disc electrophoresis]. PMID- 51119 TI - [Detection of isoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase by chromatography and electrophoresis]. PMID- 51120 TI - [Clinical importance and methods of study of thermostabile isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase]. PMID- 51121 TI - [Radiometric method of determination of the activity of desoxyribonucleases in human blood serum]. PMID- 51122 TI - [Colorimetric method of determination of the activity of 3 types of glutaminases in the tissues and biological fluids]. PMID- 51123 TI - [Enzymatic method of determination of urea]. PMID- 51124 TI - [Sweat test for diagnosis of mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 51125 TI - [Determination of macrophage lymphocyte transformation in tissue culture for evaluation of immunological response of the body]. PMID- 51126 TI - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test as an indicator of viral allergy in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 51127 TI - [Method of study and evaluation of phagocytosis]. PMID- 51128 TI - [Products of degradation of fibrinogen in surgical patients]. PMID- 51129 TI - [Intensity of proliferative processes in the bone marrow in starvation and subsequent nutrition of the patients]. PMID- 51130 TI - [Method of determination of hemoglobin with the aid of acetone cyanhydrine]. PMID- 51131 TI - [Determination of ferroproteins in biological fluids]. PMID- 51132 TI - [Determination of circulating blood volume in children with the aid of Congo red]. PMID- 51133 TI - Isolation and electrophoretic study on Mallory bodies from the livers of alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Mallory bodies (MBs) were isolated from the livers of eight alcoholic patients. The method consisted of homogenization, velocity sedimentation in 60 per cent sucrose solution and two-phase polymer centrifugation using a polyethylene glycol dextran system. MBs were isolated in large quantity and high purity (more than 95 per cent in some cases). Isolated MBs maintained the characteristic filamentous structures. They were solubilized in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride in 10 per cent or 1 per cent acetic acid by sonication or in 1 per cent sodium dodecyl sulfate with 5 per cent 2-mercaptoethanol and 8 M urea. The solubilized MB protein produced three peaks on Sephadex G-100 chromatography and at least five intense protein bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The fractions from control livers contained several bands which were identical with the major components of isolated MB protein. These findings suggest that MBs are not homogeneous protein, but that they are probably complexes of various proteins, and that some components of MBs are present in normal hepatocytes. The exact nature of MBs has yet to be established. PMID- 51134 TI - Human glomerular cells in tissue culture. AB - Cells from human glomeruli explanted in tissue culture were grown and subcultivated up to 12 to 13 times. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed these cells to be morphologically distinct from fibroblasts. By electron microscopy, an extracellular material resembling basal lamina was seen and prominent intracellular microfilaments were evident. Immunofluorescent microscopy demonstrated reactivity of heterologous antiglomerular basement membrane antibody with aggregates of extracellular material. Absorption experiments using antiglomerular basement membrane antibody showed that the extracellular materiial shared some antigenic components with glomerular basement membrane. Antibody to cultured glomerular cells stained the mesangium and glomerular basement membrane of normal human kidney. This antibody was nephrotoxic in monkeys, induced proteinuria with proliferative glomerulonephritis, and localized to the mesangium and glomerular basement membrane of monkey glomeruli. These findings and the presence of prominent intracellular microfilaments (contractile elements) suggest that the glomerular cells may be of mesangial origin. PMID- 51135 TI - Association and linkage between alcoholism and eleven serological markers. AB - Sera from alcoholics and their nonalcoholic first-degree relatives were analyzed for 11 serological markers. A lower prevalence of the S antigen in the nonalcoholic relatives and linkage in repulsion between the D gene of the Rh system and alcoholism were found. All the alcoholics and the relatives had an SS phenotype, when analyzed for complement C3, compared with a prevalence rate of about 50% in other studies. The first two associations involve blood groups, the latter a serum protein. PMID- 51136 TI - The gastric mucosal barrier: past, present, and future. PMID- 51138 TI - The dry cell state. PMID- 51137 TI - Intra-abdominal, angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (plasma-cell variant) with an antierythropoietic factor. AB - An 11-year-old girl presented with a refractory hypochromic microcytic anemia, hypoferremia, normoblastic hyperplastic bone marrow, hypergammaglobulinemia, and growth retardation. Many varied treatments failed to produce any improvement. Ferrokinetic studies revealed rapid plasma clearance and increased plasma iron turnover, but impaired incorporation of 59Fe. Excretion of 57Co after an oral dose indicated an increased iron absorption. A (99M)Tc-sulfur colloid scintigram of the abdomen failed to demonstrate abnormal uptake. A nodal mass showing the plasma-cell variant of angiofollicular hyperplasia was removed from the gastrolienal ligament. Follow-up studies at 3 and 6 months revealed complete correction of the anemia, a 4.8-cm increase in height, and normal serum gamma globulin levels. Serum obtained before operation inhibited the incorporation of 59Fe that was induced by a standard dose of erthyropoietin in the exhypoxic mouse system, and this inhibition persisted in serum obtained 3 days after surgery but disappeared by 6 days. The data suggest that the hyperplastic angiofollicular lymph node (plasma-cell variant) secreted a substance the inhibited erythropoiesis. PMID- 51139 TI - The use of self-instructional materials in veterinary pathology. PMID- 51140 TI - Surgery of the thyroid. AB - The sophistication of current surgical treatment of thyroid disorders reflects a better understanding of the pathophysiology. The development of more methods of therapy with antithyroid drugs, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, thyroid hormones, and radioactive isotopes as well as external irradiation has had an important effect on the role that surgery plays in the management of diseases of the thyroid. Iodine, which was use for many disorders, is now probably contraindicated except for preparation of the hyperthyroid patient for surgical treatment. Surgery has now taken its place as one form of therapy for an endocrine organ that is subject to a variety of diseases. It is necessary for the surgeon who undertakes operations on the thyroid to have an understanding of thyroid physiology as well as its pathophysiology. PMID- 51141 TI - Comparative trial of amoxycillin and chloramphenicol in treatment of typhoid fever in adults. AB - A randomised clinical trial in 124 adult patients with typhoid fever, proved by blood culture, showed that amoxycillin in a dosage of 1 g. six-hourly for fourteen days is an alternative to chloramphenicol, which has hitherto been regarded as the drug of choice. PMID- 51142 TI - Maternal effects of regular salicylate ingestion in pregnancy. AB - 6.6% of all Australian patients attending an antenatal clinic were found to be taking salicylate preparations regularly, most commonly in powder form and almost always as self-medication. In this group of salicylate takers there was an increased incidence of anaemia, anti-partum and post-partum haemorrhage, prolonged gestation, complicated deliveries, and perinatal mortality compared with non-takers. These findings suggest that regular salicylate consumption has detrimental effects in pregnancy. Routine antenatal urinary screening for salicylate in pregnancy is recommended. PMID- 51143 TI - Fetal effects of regular salicylate ingestion in pregnancy. AB - The babies of 144 mothers who took salicylates regularly in pregnancy are described. These babies had a significantly reduced birth-weight compared with controls; many of them had a raised cord-blood salicylate level but had no clinical evidence of bleeding or hypoglycaemia. Their perinatal mortality was increased, but the incidence of congenital anomalies was not significantly raised. PMID- 51144 TI - Humoral antibodies to acetylcholine receptor in patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - Sera from patients with myasthenia gravis (M.G.) were studied by the quantitative micro-scale complement-fixation assay for the presence of humoral antibodies against acetylcholine receptor (AChR). The purified receptor was extracted from the electrogenic tissue of the electric ray, Torpedo californica. A significant difference in the antibody titres was observed between myasthenic and non myasthenic patients. Out of fifteen patients with myasthenia gravis, at least 12 (80%) had antibodies against AChR. Only one case out of twenty-four controls had an indication of anti-receptor antibodies. In view of observations on the role of AChR as the autoantigen in myasthenia gravis, such antibodies may have significance in producing the neuro-muscular block characteristic of the disease. PMID- 51145 TI - Renin-angiotensin system in essential hypertension. AB - In a random sample of normotensive and hypertensive fifty-year-old men plasma renin-activity (P.R.A.), plasma-renin-concentration (P.R.C.), and renin substrate were measured using radioimmunoassay for angiotensin I. P.R.A. in normotensives and untreated hypertensives were normally distributed with slight skewness to the right. The mean P.R.A. for untreated hypertensives (0.65 ng. per ml. per hour) was slightly, but not significantly, lower than that of the normotensive reference group (0.78 ng. per ml. per hour). Previously untreated hypertensives who had been off treatment for four weeks had either high or low P.R.A. depending on the previous treatment. No differences in the angiotensin-generation rate were noted as judged from the P.R.A./P.R.C. ratio. No differences in the renin substrate concentration between the groups were found. The findings suggest that renin changes in essential hypertenion are secondary to pressure changes. Thus, the renin-angiotensin system may not be of primary pathogenetic importance in the development of essential hypertension. PMID- 51146 TI - Casual blood-ethanol estimations in patients with chronic liver disease. AB - Patients attending a clinic for diseases of the liver were tested for blood ethanol by a gas chromatographic technique sensitive to about 5 mg/dl (1 mmol/1). Of 172 patients (51 men, 121 women) 36% gave a history of heavy drinking (greater than 80 g ethanol/day; equivalent to 8 fl oz of whisky or 1 litre of wine) and 13% had ethanol in the bloodstream at values of 8-400 mg/dl. 42 patients (24%) had the liver-biopsy changes of alcoholic liver disease, and 17 of these had ethanol in the blood at one time or another. Nearly half (22/49) of all patients admitting heavy drinking also had detectable blood-ethanol. In all cases but 1 where blood-ethanol was found, a drinking history was admitted on first attendance, and alcoholic liver disease was nearly always found on subsequent biopsy. Blood-ethanol and admission of drinking were most constantly found in association with alcoholic steatosis and hepatitis. Both features were less commonly present in cases of alcoholic cirrhosis. Only 1 patient of 22 with "cryptogenic" cirrhosis on biopsy was found to have both ethanol in the blood and an alcoholic history, although 5 had an alcoholic history alone. The value of serial blood-ethanol estimations in the treatment of alcoholics and the detection of relapses is demonstrated. The findings confirm the relatively low frequency of alcoholism as a contributor to cirrhosis in the United Kingdom. Alcohol does not seem a major cause of cryptogenic cirrhosis. Casual blood-ethanol estimation is a useful and objective adjunct to techniques of investigating diseases of the liver. PMID- 51147 TI - Dinitrochlorobenzene sensitisation test in women on hormonal contraceptives. AB - Cell-mediated immunity was measured in women on hormonal contraceptives using the 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (D.N.C.B.) sensitisation test. Three groups of women were studied: forty-eight women were taking oral contraceptives of combined oestrogen/progestogen (thirty-seven of them had used oral contraceptives for a year or longer); twelve women were using a sequential pill (ethinyloestradiol and megestrolacetate); and sixteen women had received intramuscular injections of medroxyprogesterone acetate. The results were compared with those of a control group of twenty-nine age-matched women not taking contraceptive steroids. In women on the combined contraceptive pill and those who had received intramuscular progesterone, mean D.N.C.B. reactivity was significantly increased. The results were even more striking in women who had used combined contraceptive pills for more than one year. These results do not accord with the previously reported decrease in cell-mediated immunity in women on hormonal contraceptives. PMID- 51148 TI - Editorial: Zinc in human medicine. PMID- 51149 TI - Editorial: Sterilisation of handicapped minors. PMID- 51150 TI - Editorial: Dietary fibre and plasma-lipids. PMID- 51151 TI - Editorial: Cardiac rehabilitation. PMID- 51152 TI - Editorial: Cancer by county. PMID- 51153 TI - Editorial: Mass screening for cretinism. PMID- 51154 TI - Controversy in the detection of disease. AB - The quality of discussions and debates into the proper roles for screening, case finding, diagnosis, and epidemiological surveys in the detection of disease will be improved when participants use consistent definitions, understand the different purposes and properties of the manoeuvres, recognise ideological differences between advocates and methodologists, and consider the quantitative and qualitative differences between decision making for the individual patient and decision making for the community. Although attention to these causes need not detract from the colour of the continuing controversy, it should render the exchange more comprehensible to participants and spectators alike. PMID- 51155 TI - Letter: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic cancer, and carcinogenesis. PMID- 51156 TI - Letter: Failure to diagnose amoebiasis. PMID- 51157 TI - Letter: Abnormal haemoglobins in South-East Staffordshire. PMID- 51158 TI - Letter: Prevention of postoperative thromboembolism. PMID- 51159 TI - Letter: Alfalfa and blood-cholesterol. PMID- 51160 TI - Letter: Mimicry in Crohn's disease. PMID- 51161 TI - Letter: Mixed venous and arterial PCO2. PMID- 51162 TI - Letter: Misuse of medical womanpower. PMID- 51163 TI - Letter: Chemical pathology. PMID- 51164 TI - Letter: Hepatitis-B antigen in venereal diseases. PMID- 51165 TI - Letter: Breath analysis in assessment of liver function. PMID- 51166 TI - Letter: C3 standards. PMID- 51167 TI - Letter: Immunoblasts. PMID- 51168 TI - Letter: Joint infection by Pasteurella multocida. PMID- 51169 TI - Letter: Co-trimoxazole in chronic renal failure. PMID- 51170 TI - Letter: Indomethacin in hypercalcaemia. PMID- 51171 TI - Letter: Hyperpigmentation after cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 51172 TI - Letter: Infant's self-regulation of food intake. PMID- 51173 TI - Letter: Defining malnutrition in the young child. PMID- 51174 TI - Letter: Standardisation of nomenclature for pregnancy-associated alpha-2 glycoprotein. PMID- 51175 TI - Letter: Alpha-fetoprotein as predictor of fetal neural-tube defects. PMID- 51176 TI - Letter: Breast cancer and spironolactone. PMID- 51177 TI - Letter: Glycerol, cerebral oedema, and diabetes. PMID- 51178 TI - Letter: Fresh-platelet transfussions in haemophilic patients with factor-VIII antibody. PMID- 51179 TI - Letter: Corticosteroids in acute severe asthma. PMID- 51180 TI - Letter: The S.M.O.N. virus theory. PMID- 51181 TI - Letter: Endemic goitre. PMID- 51182 TI - Letter: Femoropopliteal vein grafts: a test for deterioration. PMID- 51183 TI - Letter: Feto-fetal transfusion and fetal vascular anomaly. PMID- 51184 TI - Letter: 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol in chronic renal failure. PMID- 51185 TI - Letter: Detection of cystic fibrosis and heterozygotes. PMID- 51186 TI - Charles John Massey Dawkins. PMID- 51187 TI - Patients with head injury who talk and die. AB - Of 66 patients with head injuries who had talked at some time after injury, 25% did not have intracranial haematoma at necropsy. Most of these had raised intracranial pressure (I.C.P.), and the commonest finding was local swelling related to contusions. Almost half of the non-haematoma cases had ischaemic or hypoxic brain damage, usually without contusions; 3 were children who had had status epilepticus. Fatality without raised I.C.P. was most often due to meningitis. In deteriorating patients without haematoma mortality and morbidity might be reduced by more diagnosis and treatment, particularly of raised I.C.P. PMID- 51188 TI - Hepatitis-B immunoglobulin in prevention of HBs antigenaemia in haemodialysis patients. AB - In a double-blind study, hepatitis-B immunoglobulin significantly protected patients in a haemodialysis unit against the development of HBs antigenaemia, compared to control patients receiving normal human immunoglobulin (p less than 0 01). Injections were given at the beginning and after 6 months, and observations extended over 16 months. Analysis of antiHBc and anti-HBs antibodies suggested that neutralisation of the virus inoculum, as well as modification of infection, may be implicated in the prevention of HBs antigenaemia. PMID- 51189 TI - Decreased premature ventricular contractions through use of the relaxation response in patients with stable ischaemic heart-disease. AB - To determine whether decreased sympathetic-nervous-system activity achieved by the relaxation response could decrease premature ventricular contractions (P.V.C.s), eleven ambulatory patients with proven, stable ischaemic heart-disease and P.V.C.s were investigated. The patients, who were taking no medication for the P.V.C.s, were trained to elicit regularly the relaxation response through a non-cultic psychological technique. The frequency of the P.V.C.s was measured by computer analysis of Holter monitor tapes for 2 complete days before learning the technique, which was learned in approximately 5 minutes after the second day. Patients were instructed to evoke the response for 20 minutes twice daily thereafter. After 4 weeks, a reduced frequency of P.V.C.s was documented in eight of the eleven patients. This effect was especially striking during the sleeping hours and less so during the entire monitoring session. The relaxation response is a simple, no cost, non-pharmacological mechanism without side-effects which seemed to decrease the frequency of P.C.V.s in most patients with ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 51190 TI - Impaired cardiovascular responsiveness in liver disease. AB - Cardiovascular responsiveness to reflex impaired in patients with cirrhosis compared with control subjects. Peripheral vascular responses to exogenous noradrenaline were also impaired in cirrhotic patients, but peripheral vascular responses to infused adrenaline and to angiotensin II were similar in both groups. Impaired cardiovascular reactivity in patients with chronic liver disease could predispose them to circulatory failure after haemorrhage or surgery and should be considered when prescribing drugs which affect autonomic activity. PMID- 51191 TI - Hyperuricaemic acute renal failure after epileptic seizures. AB - Seven patients admitted to hospital during or immediately after status epilepticus or recurrent episodes of grand-mal seizures had very high concentrations of uric acid in their blood at a time when the blood-urea was normal in five of them. The blood-lactic-acid was high in the five patients in whom it was measured. All of the patients developed reversible renal failure, and two required haemodialysis. The blood-uric-acid should be measured in patients who have had prolonged seizures, and the measures which might be taken in hyperuricaemic patients to prevent the development of acute renal failure include rehydration, alkalinisation of urine, and, where alkalinisation is impossible, haemodialysis. PMID- 51192 TI - Secretory component and sudden-infant-death syndrome. AB - Post-mortem specimens of blood, respiratory-tract washings, bronchopulmonary tissue, spleen, and thymus were examined for respiratory viruses, immunoglobulins, and secretory component (S.C.) in eight infants with sudden infant-death syndrome (S.I.D.S) and in eight other (control) infants with an identifiable cause of death. Serum-immunoglobulin levels were similar in infants with S.I.D.S. and in control infants. In some S.I.D.S. cases serum-IgM was slightly raised. Respiratory syncytial virus was found in the pulmonary tissues of five S.I.D.S. patients but no viruses were isolated from other subjects. However, in one control subject parainfluenza type-3 viral antigen was detected in the bronchial tissue. In all patients with S.I.D.S., immunological reactions and fluorescent antibody staining for S.C. in the broncho-pulmonary epithelium were absent or grossly reduced. The levels of IgG and IgM in bronchial washings were unremarkable. These observations suggest a possible defect in respiratory mucosal defence in patients with S.I.D.S. PMID- 51193 TI - Blood-group precursors and cancer-related antigens. AB - Glycoprotein extracts from colonic tumours were tested for blood-group precursor like activities using human anti-I and anti-i cold agglutinins as reagents. Substantial activity was detected in the high-molecular-weight fractions of two metastatic tumours. A carcinoembryonic antigen (C.E.A.) fraction from one of these tumours was also active. The C.E.A. and the precursor-like activities were located on separate molecules. These data indicate that the levels of precursor like antigens in entodermal tumours and their possible diagnostic value warrant detailed investigation. PMID- 51194 TI - Hypothalamic peptides: New evidence for "peptidergic" pathways in the C.N.S. AB - Hypothalamic peptides, discovered because of their effects on stimulation or inhibition of anterior-pituitary-hormone release, have now been shown to be distributed in many regions of the central nervous system (C.N.S.). Demonstration of their localisation in nerve terminals, of behavioural effects exclusive of anterior pituitary actions, and of depressant effects in electrophysiological experiments suggests a role in central-nervous-system function. It is postulated that a system of peptidergic neurons exists within the C.N.S. with axon terminations both on the pituitary portal system and on other neurons. PMID- 51196 TI - Editorial: The glue-ear syndrome. PMID- 51195 TI - An extractor for scalpel blades. PMID- 51197 TI - Editorial: Lipids and ischaemic heart-disease. PMID- 51199 TI - Editorial: The handicapped family. PMID- 51198 TI - Editorial: Brain damage after open-heart surgery. PMID- 51200 TI - Editorial: Fortified flour. PMID- 51202 TI - Editorial: Column measurements and SI. PMID- 51201 TI - Editorial: Benzene rings and the bladder. PMID- 51204 TI - Tic doloureux. PMID- 51203 TI - The justification for early radiological investigations of urinary-tract infection in children. AB - 97 children, 67 girls aged 0-13 years and 30 boys aged 0-11 years, with apparent first urinary-tract infections were investigated radiologically. The intravenous pyelogram was abnormal in 15.5% of the girls and 33% of the boys and the micturating cystourethrogram was abnormal in 34% of the girls and 39% of the boys. When both examinations were combined the abnormality-rate rose to 41% in the two sexes. Accordingly, radiological investigation of the renal tract is recommended after the first proven urinary tract infection. PMID- 51205 TI - Letter: Missed Wilson's disease. PMID- 51206 TI - Letter: Food-borne hepatitis A. PMID- 51207 TI - Letter: Medical manipulation of the ductus arteriosus. PMID- 51208 TI - Letter: Stool characteristics of Black and White Americans. PMID- 51209 TI - Letter: Straining, sitting, and squatting at stool. PMID- 51210 TI - Letter: Living with SI Units. PMID- 51211 TI - Letter: Solitary confinement in control units. PMID- 51212 TI - Letter: Antibiotic-resistant typhoid in Indonesia. PMID- 51213 TI - Letter: Intra-articular methotrexate. PMID- 51214 TI - Letter: Joint infection by Pasteurella multocida. PMID- 51215 TI - Letter: Hyperthermia in rabbits caused by interaction between M.A.O.I.s, antiparkinson drugs, and neuroleptics. PMID- 51216 TI - Letter: Chromosomal and dominant lethal effects of vinyl chloride. PMID- 51218 TI - Letter: A neonatal and infant phlebotomy tourniquet. PMID- 51217 TI - Letter: Thyroid-cell-membrane antibodies. PMID- 51219 TI - Letter: Comparison of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein in various tumours. PMID- 51220 TI - Letter: Triiodothyronine/reverse-triiodothyronine balance and thyroxine metabolism. PMID- 51221 TI - Letter: A non-specific inhibitor or rubella haemagglutinn in day-old chick cells. PMID- 51222 TI - Letter: Are normal lymphocytes small? PMID- 51223 TI - Letter: Embedded toenails. PMID- 51224 TI - Letter: B and T lymphocytes in autoimmune diseases. PMID- 51225 TI - Letter: Is Mollaret's meningitis another periodic disorder responsive to colchicine? PMID- 51226 TI - Letter: HL-A and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 51227 TI - Letter: small intravenous insulin boluses in the treatment of diabetic coma. PMID- 51228 TI - Letter: Fever and cytotoxic drug therapy. PMID- 51229 TI - Letter: Melatonin and menstrual cycle. PMID- 51230 TI - Letter: Cold platelet agglutinins. PMID- 51231 TI - Letter: Intravenous urography in hypertension. PMID- 51232 TI - Letter: Small-intestinal histology in coeliac disease. PMID- 51233 TI - Letter: Hepatitis-B core antigen and antibody in primary liver cancer. PMID- 51234 TI - Letter: Plasma neutral aminoacids and tryptophan in cirrhosis. PMID- 51235 TI - Appendicitis and mimicking conditions. A prospective study. AB - A prospective study of 444 consecutive patients diagnosed as having acute appendicitis was carried out in a district general hospital. The appendix was acutely inflamed, gangrenous, or perforated in 346 patients. Diagnostic error, 22% overall, was twice as common in females as in males. Organisms were isolated from the outer appendix wall in 117 patients, isolation increasing with the severity of inflammation. 12% of children under 11 had mesentric adenitis, 10% of all females had gynaecological lesions, and 14% of patients over 50 had acute diverticulitis. In only 6% of patients was no abnormality found at operation, and in every case the disorder was dealt with through the gridiron incision. PMID- 51236 TI - Effect of urogastrone in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. AB - The effects of human urogastrone (0-25 mug. per kg. per hour intravenously) in four male patients with proven Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (z.e.s.) and in four healthy control subjects have been studied. After urogastrone in z.e.s. patients gastric acid volume and concentration decreased and basal acid output was reduced by 50-82%; the concentrations of intrinsic factor and pepsin in gastric juice increased by 60-300%; and peak plasma-gastrin concentration increased by 127-164% of basal concentration. A significant negative correlation between increase in plasma-gastrin concentration and decrease in acid output was observed (r=-0-72, P less than 0-01). Ulcer pain was relieved 30-60 minutes after the beginning of urogastrone infusion. These results suggest that urogastrone can inhibit the endogenously stimulated acid hypersecretion in z.e.s. PMID- 51237 TI - Serum-albumin as a prognostic indicator in oedematous malnutrition. AB - Examination of the records of 340 children admitted to hospital in Uganda with oedematous malnutrition (kwashiorkor) showed that the serum-albumin concentration at admission was closely related to mortality-rates. Furthermore, in this series, it was not possible to show a simple relation between mortality-rates and the degree of wasting present. The results further emphasise the need to include serum-albumin concentration in international classification systems for the assessment of protein-energy malnutrition, especially that of the kwashiorkor type. PMID- 51238 TI - Acute myelocytic leukaemia and leukaemia-associated antigens in sisters. AB - In a sibship of 5 brothers and 7 sisters, 3 sisters died from acute myelocytic leukaemia while a 4th probably had the same disease. Laboratory studies on the close relatives revealed that a 5th sister had persistently high erythrocyte sedimentation-rates and serum-IgM levels and serological evidence of acute leukaemia-associated antigens. These findings suggest a possible preleukaemic state in this patient. PMID- 51240 TI - Manipulation of brain serotonin in the treatment of myoclonus. AB - The response of myoclonus to oral and intravenous L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5 H.T.P.) in combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa) and to clonazepam has been examined in 9 patients. Moderate improvement or complete cessation of myoclonus followed treatment with one or both of these regimens in 5 patients, 1 of whom also responded to the concurrent administration of L tryptophan and a monoamineoxidase inhibitor. The remaining 4 patients were at best only slightly improved by either 5-H.T.P. or clonazepam. The responsive group consisted of 3 patients with a history of anoxia, 1 patient with non history of severe head injury, and 1 patient with non-progressive focal myoclonus and epilepsy. This group had low levels of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid. It is suggested that 5-H.T.P. plus carbidopa, L tryptophan plus a monoamine-oxidase inhibitor, and clonazepam may all act by elevating brain levels of serotonin (5-H.T.) and that some human myoclonic syndromes may be specifically related to a cerebral deficiency of 5-H.T. PMID- 51239 TI - Treatment of severe combined immunodeficiency with bone-marrow from an unrelated, mixed-leucocyte-culture-non-reactive donor. AB - A 7-month-old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency had no relative who was a suitable bone-marrow donor as determined by mixed-leucocyte-culture (M.L.C.) testing. In the general population an M.L.C.-nonreactive, unrelated donor was found among individuals who were identical with our patient at the Four locus. Following a bone-marrow transplant this child showed signs of rapid immunological reconstitution and only a mild graft-versus-host reaction. Unfortunately, the child died 31 days post-transplantation of cytomegalovirus infection. The findings support the hypothesis that matching for lymphocyte-defined antigens among unrelated individuals will permit successful immunological reconstitution. PMID- 51241 TI - Integrator enzyme hypothesis for replication of hepatitis-B virus. AB - A hypothetical model for the replication of hepatitis-B virus is presented. It is suggested that the D.N.A. polymerase associated with Dane particles facilitates integration of viral D.N.A. into the genome of the liver cell. The viral D.N.A. is then replicated with the host genome. The hypothesis accounts for certain curious experimental and clinical observations and makes several predictions which are amenable to laboratory investigation. PMID- 51242 TI - Editorial: A two-edged sword. PMID- 51243 TI - Editorial: Pain. PMID- 51244 TI - Editorial: Vaccination against tooth decay. PMID- 51245 TI - Editorial: Cerebrospinal fluid: the lymph of brain? PMID- 51246 TI - Editorial: Maternal nutrition and low birth-weight. PMID- 51247 TI - Editorial: Mechanisms in hypertension. PMID- 51248 TI - Aspiration cytology in breast cancer. Its relevance to diagnosis. AB - Fine-needle aspiration cytology as a routine method in the management of breast disease was assessed in 237 patients presenting with a breast lump. The diagnostic accuracy of the method was 95.5% in both benign and malignant lesions. Fine needle aspiration is a safe procedure with an accuracy exceeding that of other diagnostic methods; it does not replace frozen-section histology but improves the management of breast disease by giving accurate preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 51249 TI - Safeguards for healthy volunteers in drug studies. AB - Safeguards for healthy volunteers in drug studies have not been as strict as those involving patients. The shortcomings include the lack of surveillance over the scientific validity of the protocol and its ethical review, and over the financial inducements to volunteers. Recruitment is open to abuse because the volunteers may have some allegiance to the investigators. There is an urgent need to institute checks on these aspects. Most important, however, is the lack of legal safeguards for volunteers taking part in research done outside the pharmaceutical industry. The suggested procedure for obtaining consent, for health checks, and for providing compensation can be equitable to all concerned, and yet not restrict initiative, nor curtail research aims. PMID- 51250 TI - Letter: Viruses and gastroenteritis. PMID- 51251 TI - Letter: 28 nm particles in faeces in infantile gastroenteritis. PMID- 51252 TI - Letter: Rotavirus infections in neonates. PMID- 51254 TI - Letter: Treatment of varicose veins. PMID- 51253 TI - Letter: Embedded toenails. PMID- 51255 TI - Letter: Controversy in the detection of disease. PMID- 51256 TI - Letter: Ill-health and child abuse. PMID- 51257 TI - Letter: Medical course at the Open University. PMID- 51258 TI - Editorial: Hypo-osmolality in beer drinkers. PMID- 51260 TI - Letter: Plumbing and bowel habit. PMID- 51259 TI - Letter: Bran and blood-lipids. PMID- 51261 TI - Letter: Straining, sitting, and squatting at stool. PMID- 51263 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis. PMID- 51262 TI - Letter: Curability of breast cancer. PMID- 51264 TI - Letter: Infusion thrombophlebitis. PMID- 51265 TI - Letter: Low-dose heparin. PMID- 51266 TI - Letter: Schizophrenia. PMID- 51267 TI - Letter: Surface characteristics of Hodgkin's cells. PMID- 51268 TI - Letter: Superfluous beds. PMID- 51270 TI - Letter: Kidneys for transplantation. PMID- 51269 TI - Letter: Bilirubin removal by anion-exchange resin. PMID- 51271 TI - Letter: Haemorheology, blood-flow, and venous thrombosis. PMID- 51273 TI - Fucosidosis: How many cases undetected? PMID- 51272 TI - Letter:Acute haemolytic anaemia due to IgM and IgA penicillin antibody. PMID- 51274 TI - Letter: Serum-aminoacids and brain tryptophan uptake. PMID- 51275 TI - Letter: Classification of nutritional status. PMID- 51276 TI - Letter: Splenectomy and lymphomas. PMID- 51277 TI - Letter: Sulphone resistance in leprosy. PMID- 51278 TI - Letter: Home blood-pressure recording. PMID- 51279 TI - Letter: Hormone sensitivity and breast cancer. PMID- 51280 TI - Letter: No childhood. PMID- 51281 TI - George Stewart Smith. PMID- 51282 TI - Richard Maurice Sotheron McConaghey. PMID- 51283 TI - Claude Victor Perrier. PMID- 51284 TI - Inhaled corticosteroids compared with oral prednisone in patients starting long term corticosteroid therapy for asthma. A controlled trial by the British Thoracic and Tuberculosis Association. AB - Inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and inhaled betamethasone valerate have been compared with oral prednisone in the treatment of 75 patients with asthma who were starting long-term corticosteroids for the first time. Both of the inhaled corticosteroids controlled asthma as well as did oral prednisone in those who had responded to therapy in the initial period of the trial. A daily dose of 400 mug of inhaled drug was approximately equivalent to 7-5 mg daily of prednisone. Prednisone suppressed the adrenal response to tetracosactrin, whereas the mean responses in the groups receiving inhaled corticosteroids did not change significantly from pre-trial values. The 30% incidence of other systemic unwanted effects of prednisone contrasted sharply with the low incidence (5%) of symptomatic oropharyngeal candidiasis in the patients receiving inhaled corticosteroids. In a sample of 19 patients no change in exfoliative cytology was detected over the period of the trial nor was there any evidence of fungal colonisation of the bronchial tree. There was no difference between the three treatment groups in the number of antibiotic courses prescribed. The persistent production of sputum made no difference to the response to inhaled corticosteroids. Patients not on sodium cromoglycate did as well in the trial as those receiving sodium cromoglycate. Both inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and inhaled betamethasone valerate have advantages over oral prednisone in the maintenance treatment of patients with asthma, but in the management of exacerbations systemic corticosteroids will usually be needed as a supplement to inhaled therapy. PMID- 51285 TI - Idiopathic parkinsonism treated with bromocriptine. AB - The efficacy and toxicity of bromocriptine, a drug which simulates dopamine, have been studied in twenty-eight patients with idiopathic parkinsonism. A double blind, within-patient comparison between maximum tolerated doses of bromocriptine (mean 46-9 mg daily) and placebo revealed a substantial and statistically significant therapeutic response to the active drug. Adverse reactions were dose dependent, reversible, and similar to those encountered with levodopa. While taking bromocriptine fourteen patients were able to stop levodopa (with or without carbidopa); in five patients the dose of levodopa was reduced by 54% (mean). Eight patients could not tolerate bromocriptine; one patient failed to comply with prescribed adjustments of dosage. PMID- 51286 TI - Hepatitis-B antibody in polymyalgia Rheumatica. AB - Thirteen patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (P.M.R.) were examined for evidence of viral infection. Hepatitis-B surface antibody (HBsAb) was detected in nine out of twelve patients tested prior to therapy. The antibody persisted up to six months in four patients but reverted to negative in the other five. HBsAb was found in only one of twelve age-matched controls. Hepatitis-B surface antigen was not detected in any patient or control. No significant elevation of antibody titre was detected to a panel of twelve other organisms. Immunoglobulin levels were elevated prior to treatment in several patients. With steroid therapy the IgG and IgA levels fell serially but the IgM levels increased in six patients. These results suggest that hepatitis B is an important trigger for P.M.R. In view of the association with giant-cell arteritis, P.M.R. may represent an abnormal immunological response to infection in elderly patients. PMID- 51287 TI - Association between cleft lip with or without cleft palate and prenatal exposure to diazepam. AB - From 278 interviews of women who had infants with selected major malformations, a history of diazepam ingestion in the first trimester of pregnancy was found to be four times more frequent among mothers of children with a cleft lip with or without a cleft palate than among mothers of children with other defects. This association was one of many that was examined in the analysis; thus it is quite possible that it is simply due to chance. This report, however, is the second one linking diazepam to cleft lip with or without cleft palate. Until there are more data bearing on this question, this possible risk should be considered when prescribing diazepam for women in their reproductive years. PMID- 51288 TI - Antithyroid antibodies in Alport's syndrome. AB - Two families in which more than two members had Alport's syndrome were examined. Serum-antithyroid-antibodies were found in all those with Alport's syndrome and some of their relatives. These included three cases of Alport's syndrome with nephritis and/or nerve deafness and two normal people who can be regarded as carriers of Alport's syndrome from one family, and one case of the syndrome with nephritis and deafness from the other family. One case of Alport's syndrome had symptoms of hypothyroidism, and biopsy specimens from another case were characteristic of chronic thyroiditis. The results indicate that serum-anti thyroidantibodies, together with nephritis and deafness, are a sign of Alport's syndrome. The results accord with transmission of the syndrome as an autosomal dominant trait and suggest that Alport's syndrome may be caused by an immunological abnormality. PMID- 51289 TI - Bilateral Wilms' tumour. Age at diagnosis, associated congenital anormalies, and possible pattern of inheritance. AB - A series of 87 patients with Wilms' tumour seen during the period 1960-73 included 11 (13%) with bilateral tumours. 6 patients presented with simultaneous bilateral tumours, 2 had tumours in each side of a horseshoe kidney, and 3 later developed a tumour in the remaining kidney. There was no reported familial incidence of Wilms' tumour. Maternal age at birth of the patients with simultaneous bilateral tumours was over 30 years in 7/8 cases. The average of patients with bilateral tumours was 15 months, whereas that of patients with unilateral tumours was 31/2 years. All the simultaneously occurring bilateral tumours and those within a horseshoe kidney were multifocal, whilst the sequentially occurring bilateral tumours and the unilateral tumours all developed as a single tumour mass within the affected kidney. Associated congenital anomalies were found in 5 (45%) of 11 patients with bilateral tumours, several of whom had more than one defect. Of 76 patients with a unilateral tumour, only 3 (4%) had congenital anomalies. PMID- 51290 TI - Hypertension in pregnancy. PMID- 51291 TI - At the brink. PMID- 51292 TI - Oral hypoglycaemics in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 51293 TI - Immunodeficiency. PMID- 51294 TI - Sternoclavicular dislocation. PMID- 51295 TI - A pamphlet to answer the patient's questions before hysterectomy. PMID- 51297 TI - Piles: their nature and management. PMID- 51296 TI - New drugs. PMID- 51298 TI - Letter: Antenatal misdiagnosis of neural-tube defects. PMID- 51299 TI - Letter: Elevated amniotic-fluid alpha-fetoprotein and duodenal atresia. PMID- 51300 TI - Letter: The glue-ear syndrome. PMID- 51301 TI - Letter: Femoral palsy complicating iliac bone biopsy. PMID- 51302 TI - Letter: Patient participation in running a primary-care service. PMID- 51303 TI - Letter: Prescription charges and the Pill. PMID- 51305 TI - Letter: Meningococcal infection in Spain. PMID- 51304 TI - Letter: Association between maternal intake of diazepam and oral clefts. PMID- 51306 TI - Letter: Amoeba in stools. PMID- 51307 TI - Letter: Incidence of alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 51309 TI - Letter: Temperature-sensitivity and gentamicin-resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 51308 TI - Letter: C1-esterase inactivators and C4 in malignant diseases. PMID- 51310 TI - Letter: Immunosuppression by linoleic acid. PMID- 51311 TI - Letter: Local IgE antibodies in nasal secretion. PMID- 51312 TI - Letter: Lymphocytotoxic antibodies in organ-specific autoimmune disease. PMID- 51313 TI - Letter: Platelet cold agglutinins. PMID- 51315 TI - Letter: Masked primary (or tertiary) hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 51316 TI - Letter: Visual acuity measurements with grating patterns. PMID- 51314 TI - Letter: Anti-milk antibodies and myocardial infarction. PMID- 51317 TI - Letter: Streptozotocin in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 51318 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of coeliac disease. PMID- 51319 TI - Letter: Dog colles. PMID- 51320 TI - Letter: Effect of T.S.H. on brown fat. PMID- 51321 TI - Letter: Joint infection by pasteurella multocida. PMID- 51322 TI - Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 51323 TI - HL-A-8 in farmer's lung. PMID- 51324 TI - Letter: Elemental diets. PMID- 51325 TI - Letter: Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome. PMID- 51326 TI - Letter: Fucosidosis. PMID- 51327 TI - Letter: Calf diarrhoea coronavirus. PMID- 51328 TI - Letter: Car vacuum cleaner for bug capture. PMID- 51329 TI - Letter: Recurrence and herpes simplex. PMID- 51330 TI - Letter: Domestic lead poisoning. PMID- 51331 TI - Letter: Treatment of unipolar depression. PMID- 51332 TI - Letter: Life on haemodialysis. PMID- 51333 TI - Letter: Tyramine pressor response in depression. PMID- 51334 TI - Letter: Urinary-tract infection in children. PMID- 51335 TI - Letter: Inflation hits the bottle. PMID- 51336 TI - Letter: Survival after submersion. PMID- 51337 TI - Letter: Single solution not ideal for oral therapy of diarrhoea. PMID- 51338 TI - Letter: Chlorpropamide poisoning and diabetes insipidus. PMID- 51339 TI - Letter: Drug levels in epilepsy. PMID- 51340 TI - Letter: Immunosuppressive effect of pregnancy-associated alpha-glycoprotein. PMID- 51341 TI - Letter: Successful pregnancy in acute leukaemia. PMID- 51342 TI - Type-IV hyperlipidaemia and weight-gain after maturity. AB - Twenty men with mild to moderate type-IV hypertriglyceridaemia were compared with normal men of the same age in the Busselton population survey. The type-IV men were not heavier but they were 3-2 cm. shorter and relatively hyperuricaemic. When gives a reducing diet, mean weight declined from 76-8 kg. to 68-7 kg. over 4 4 months and was kept steady over the next 10 months at 67-6 kg. Before, immediately after, and in the 10 months after weight reduction serum triglycerides were 273, 112, and 126 mg. per 100 ml. and serum-cholesterol was 245, 227, and 226 mg. per 100 ml., respectively. On entry the mean daily calorie intake was 3165 and the contribution of the various nutrients were characteristic of the Australian diet. At lower weight, daily caloric intake was 2335. Protein intake was unchanged, but intake of fat and especially carbohydrate declined significantly. The findings support the view that type-IV hyperlipidaemia is the expression of a metabolic defect brought to light by weight-gain after maturity. In susceptible subjects "normal" weight-gain may be sufficient to induce hyperlipidaemia. Since type-IV and type-IIb hypertriglyceridaemias appear to increase the risk of coronary heart-disease, it is concluded that ideally no weight should be gained after reaching maturity. Avoidance of weight-gain should materially reduce the incidence of coronary disease in affluent western communities. Reduction to truly ideal weight gives much more impressive therapeutic results than drug therapy. PMID- 51343 TI - Prelusive skin grafts in live-donor kidney transplantation. AB - In recipients receiving oral azathioprine (50 mg. a day) the fate of skin grafts taken from live human prospective kidney donors correlates well with the outcome of kidney transplantation from the same donors. Correlation between the fate of skin grafts and HL-A serotyping is not nearly as good except in the case of complete HL-A identity. There is little or no correlation between the mixed lymphocyte-culture test and the fate of skin grafts and the outcome of kidney transplantation. When the degree of compatibility does not exceed one haplotype the results of live human-kidney transplantation can be significantly improved if the fate of a preliminary skin graft from the prospective kidney donor is used as an index. PMID- 51344 TI - Shedding of infectious virus/antibody complexes from vesicular lesions of patients with recurrent herpes labialis. AB - The concentration of herpes-simplex virus (H.S.V.) in the lesions of adults with recurrent herpes labialis was determined. On the 1st day the vesicle appeared, the fluid within the lesion contained 10(5-3) plaque-forming units (P.F.U.) of H.S.V./mul. By swabbing the surface of the lesions with a sterile pledget, 10(6 2) P.F.U. of virus was isolated from the inflamed labial mucosa. The amount of virus obtained from the labial surface decreased on the 2nd and 3rd day to 10(5 0) and 10(3-0) P.F.U., respectively. In two patients on immunosuppressive drugs, high concentrations of virus (greater than 10(4-0) P.F.U.) were obtained per swab for more than 3 weeks. The presence of infectious virus-antibody (V.A.) complexes in herpetic lesions was demonstrated by examining fifty-two isolates from twenty eight patients at various times during the course of their disease. 71% of the patients had V.A. complexes in their lesions on the 1st day of the vesicular eruption, and by the 3rd day all of the lesions examined contained complexes. It is concluded that patients with active lesions shed high concentrations of virus and that natural infection may be transmitted by an infectious V.A. complex. PMID- 51345 TI - Fulminant hepatic failure in leukaemia and choriocarcinoma related to withdrawal of cytotoxic drug therapy. AB - In three patients with malignant disease HBsAg was detected in the serum at least 6 months before the development of acute hepatitis type B, which in each case followed a fulminant course to death. It is suggested that suppression of the normal immunological responses to hepatitis-B viral antigens by cytotoxic drug therapy permitted widespread infection of hepatocytes. Subsequently, upon withdrawal of these drugs, recovery of immunocompetence resulted in rapid destruction of all infected hepatocytes and massive liver damage. Screening for HBsAg before cytotoxic drug therapy, careful monitoring of liver function during its withdrawal, and prompt treatment with corticosteroids should abnormalities occur may prevent this unfortunate sequence of events. PMID- 51346 TI - Mononucleosis-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - Three cases of coincidental infectious mononucleosis (I.M.) and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (S.S.P.E.) in children are reported. In two of the cases, I.M. preceded the appearance of S.S.P.E. symptoms. The other case of S.S.P.E. was associated with apparent mononucleosis encephalitis. All three patients died within 3 months of S.S.P.E. being diagnosed and had pathological changes characteristic of that disease and raised levels of measles antibody. Two of the patients had apparent T-cell-associated abnormalities which suggested a degree of I.M.-associated immunosuppression. The relation between the two conditions remains obscure. PMID- 51347 TI - Measurement of percutaneous muscle surface pH. PMID- 51348 TI - The fetus as a homograft. PMID- 51349 TI - Tissue antigens and disease. PMID- 51351 TI - Renal-vein thrombosis and the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 51350 TI - Steroid therapy and the adrenals. PMID- 51352 TI - A disturbing failure-rate. PMID- 51353 TI - Keep taking the medicine...? PMID- 51355 TI - Abortion and the States. PMID- 51354 TI - Use of pertussis vaccine in an epidemic involving hospital staff. AB - An epidemic of pertussis occurred among hospital staff caring for paediatric patients. Eight physicians and five nurses were affected. Pertussis developed in six newborn infants exposed to infected hospital staff in the nursery. Erythromycin prophylaxis was used to control the epidemic. Clinical pertussis developed in five adults infected with Bordetella pertussis before erythromycin was used, whereas symptoms developed in only one of the eight adults who became infected after erythromycin prophylaxis was started. Pertussis vaccine was given to adult volunteers in the hospital, and in 77% of two hundred and eighty-six vaccinees there was a fourfold rise in pertussis agglutinins. Local reactions were common, and in two vaccinees generalised rashes developed. One of these required treatment with corticosteroids. The risk of pertussis occurring in adults providing medical care for children should be recognised, and employees with symptoms should be removed from the hospital environment. PMID- 51356 TI - Whooping-cough immunisation policy. PMID- 51357 TI - After the hospital episode. AB - A scheme by which clinical students follow, after discharge from hospital, the progress of patients for whom they have had responsibility in the ward supplements students' knowledge of the natural history of disease and emphasises the importance of communication and the use of community resources. By commitment to a patient and his problems for a long period, the student can take an active role in care and, in presenting his patient's progress, finds himself in the role of teacher. PMID- 51358 TI - Letter: Appendicitis and mimicking conditions. PMID- 51359 TI - Letter: Tranexamic acid: a new approach to autoimmune disease? PMID- 51360 TI - Lithium. PMID- 51361 TI - Letter: Intravenous insulin boluses in treatment of diabetic coma. PMID- 51363 TI - Letter: Clinical aspects of "monocomponent" insulin in diabetes. PMID- 51362 TI - Letter: Cyclophosphamide-induced nail pigmentation. PMID- 51364 TI - Letter: Zinc in human medicine. PMID- 51365 TI - Letter: Mother-child separation at birth: a contributing factor in child abuse. PMID- 51366 TI - Letter: Ill-health and child abuse. PMID- 51367 TI - Letter: Small-intestinal histology in coeliac disease. PMID- 51368 TI - Letter: Fortified flour. PMID- 51369 TI - Letter: Milk for babies. PMID- 51370 TI - Letter: The infants utilisation of his milk intake. PMID- 51371 TI - Letter: How do doctors learn about drugs? PMID- 51372 TI - Letter: Prenatal diagnosis of metabolic disorders. PMID- 51373 TI - Letter: Antenatal diagnosis of congenital nephrosis. PMID- 51374 TI - Letter: Benzene rings and the bladder. PMID- 51375 TI - Letter: Carnitine deficiency. PMID- 51376 TI - Letter: Handicapped families. PMID- 51378 TI - Letter: Motor innervation of myasthenic muscles related to age. PMID- 51377 TI - Letter: Role of hypothalamic releasing hormones in the central nervous system. PMID- 51379 TI - Letter: Urinary-tract infection in children. PMID- 51380 TI - Letter: Levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 51381 TI - Letter: Pyelonephritis and coliform infections of the urinary tract. PMID- 51382 TI - Letter: The syndrome of Sotos. PMID- 51383 TI - Letter: Vaccination against tooth decay. PMID- 51384 TI - Letter: Drug enhancement of warfarin activity. PMID- 51385 TI - Letter: Passovoy factor. PMID- 51386 TI - Letter: Slow encephalopathies, inflammatory responses, and arachis oil. PMID- 51387 TI - Letter: Treatment of varicos veins. PMID- 51388 TI - Letter: Virus-associated gastroenteritis in children. PMID- 51390 TI - Letter: Unsafe anaesthetic supply systems. PMID- 51391 TI - Letter: Stool weights in north Indians. PMID- 51389 TI - Letter: Straining, sitting, and squatting at stool. PMID- 51392 TI - Letter: Pigeon erythrocytes for rubella haemagglutination inhibition tests. PMID- 51393 TI - Doxorubicin, radiotherapy, and oesophageal stricture. PMID- 51394 TI - Letter: Dietary intake of potassium in the elderly. PMID- 51395 TI - Letter: In defence of feeling. PMID- 51396 TI - Letter: Carbamazepine and mother's milk. PMID- 51397 TI - Letter: Potential pitfall in bioassay of serum-gentamicin. PMID- 51398 TI - Letter: Herpes simplex. PMID- 51399 TI - Letter: Maternal lymphocytotoxic antibodies and neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia. PMID- 51400 TI - Letter: Recurrent hyperthyroidism after iodine-125 treatment. PMID- 51401 TI - Arthur Jordan. PMID- 51402 TI - Lancelot Hogben. PMID- 51403 TI - Tubectomy by paraprofessional surgeons in rural Bangladesh. AB - In Bangladesh, social as well as economic factors strongly favour the use of women over men; and of papaprofessionals over qualified physicians, for tubectomy surgery. Of 600 tubectomies carried out in three centres, 366 were performed by female paraprofesional workers with an average of only two months' part-time training in tubectomy surgerymthe rest were performed by qualified physicians. The infection-rate in tubectomies done by paraprofessionals was 5-5%; in those performed by physicians it was 6-4%. Comparison of other factors indicates that the results of paraprofessionals were in no way inferior. PMID- 51404 TI - Micrococcal urinary-tract infections in young women. AB - In a prospective study in young women, novobiocin-resistant subgroup-3 micrococci were the second commonest cause, after Escherichia coli; of acute urinary infections. Proteus mirabilis was the only other causative organism. Symptoms, pyuria, or possible aetiological factors were the same in micrococcal and coliform infections. The infecting micrococcus "biotype" was only rarely found among the normal flora of the genitourinary tract of young women, though other micrococci and staphylococci were commonly present. Evidently, the infecting micrococci are selectively pathogenic in the urinary tract. Micrococcal infections, like coliform infections; commonly followed sexual intercourse, but there was no evidence that the micrococci were sexually transmitted. The infecting biotype was rarely found in the male urethra or prepuce. PMID- 51405 TI - Association of amyloidosis with erythema nodosum leprosum reactions and recurrent neutrophil leucocytosis in leprosy. AB - Rectal biopsy in 190 inpatients at a leprosy hospital in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea disclosed 16 patients with secondary amyloidosis. This represented 20% of the patients who had had polar lepromatous leprosy (L.L.) for more than 2 years. Patients with amyloidosis characteristically had either a history of recurrent attacks of erythema nodosum leprosum (E.NH) reactions or chronic trophic ulcers. Levels of the serum component (protein SAA) antigenically related to the amyloid fibril protein AA were monitored, at varying intervals for three months, in lepromatous patients with E.N.L. reaction. The SAA levels rose during E.N.L. reactions in parallel with the neutrophil count. SAA occurred with greatest frequency among patients with LH, while most non-lepromatous patients with detectable SAA had chronic trophic ulcers. The correlation between raised neutrophil count and elevated SAA concentration, observed in this and other studies, suggests that neutrophils are associated with the production of SAA. PMID- 51406 TI - Thyroid function in the long-term follow-up of patients treated with iodine-131 for thyrotoxicosis. AB - In February, 1972, 58% of patients euthyroid after iodine-131 therapy for thyrotoxicosis between 1954 and 1966 had a raised plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.) (greater than 7-4 mU/l) and 42% a normal T.S.H. level. A group of 69 of the euthyroid patients with a raised plasma T.S.H. (25-0 +/- 2-0 mU/l) in 1972 was re-examined annually for three years. There was no apparent change in the mean plasma T.S.H. level between 1972 and 1975 in the patients remaining euthyroid, but overt hypothyroidism developed in 3 patients in 1973, in a further 3 patients in 1974, and in 1 patient in 1975. In contrast, none of a group of 61 patients, euthyroid with a normal plasma T.S.H. (4-0 +/- 0-2 mU/l) in 1972, developed overt hypothyroidism over the next three years, although slightly raised T.S.H. levels were recorded in 3 patients in 1974 and in a further 6 patients in 1975. Both the mean serum T-4 and T-3 in the euthyroid patients with a raised plasma T.S.H. were significantly lower, but still in the respective normal ranges, than those in the euthyroid patients with a normal plasma T.S.H. No significant difference in the fasting serum-cholesterol or triglyceride levels could be demonstrated between the two groups. Since no patient with a normal plasma T.S.H. after iodine-131 treatment for thyrotoxicosis six to eighteen years earlier developed overt hypothyroidism over a three-year period, the follow-up of such patients need not be so frequent as that of similarly treated euthyroid patients with a raised plasma T.S.H. in whom overt hypothyroidism develops at the rate of 2-5% per year. PMID- 51407 TI - Liver damage after paracetamol overdose. Comparison of liver-function tests, fasting serum bile acids, and liver histology. AB - 54 patients have been studied after paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Liver function tests and fasting serum bile-acids were measured daily; liver biopsy was done in all cases, and slides were examined "blind" to assess liver damage. The plasma-paracetamol was measured on one occasion. A histological abnormality was present in the livers of 53 of the 54 patients, and was minor in 23, moderate in 16, and severe in 14. In 6 patients with moderate and 18 with mild histological abnormality liver-function tests were normal. A serum-aspartate-aminotransferase above 400 units/1 was always associated with severe histological liver damage. Fasting serum bile-acids were raised in 51 of the patients with abnormal liver histology; the serum-bile-acid seemed to be a more sensitive indicator of mild liver-cell damage than was the transaminase level. There was, however, little correlation between increase in bile-acid concentration and the degree of histological abnormality. As a result of these investigations empirically determined levels of plasma-paracetamol have been drawn which give a guide to the likelihood of liver damage after paracetamol overdose. PMID- 51408 TI - Increased urinary excretion of albumin, light chains, and beta2-microglobulin after intravenous arginine administration in normal man. AB - Infusion of 60 g of arginine in six healthy men over a 40-50 min period caused a 16-fold increase in the excretion-rate of albumin from 8-6 to 142-4 mug/min. After injection of 3, 6, 9, and 12 g of arginine the mean albumin-excretion rate of another six normal subjects rose from 5-8 mug/min to 9-4, 13-2, 21-6, and 33-9 mug/min, respectively. Excretion of light chains of immunoglobulin increased from 5-5 mug/min to 18-0, 30-0, 40-5; and 52-0 mug/min, respectively, and the excretion rate of beta2-microglobulin increased from 0-092 mug/min to 2-97, 9-23, 16-39, and 25-71 mug/min. Thus a clear dose response pattern was found. The results strongly suggest that the mechanism behind the arginine-induced protein excretion is an inhibition of tubular reabsorption. PMID- 51409 TI - Treatment of primary melanoma by intralesional vaccinia before excision. AB - The results of treatment of two groups of patients with primary melanoma are compared. 25 patients in group 1 were treated by wide local excision of the primary melanoma, and 23 in group 2 were treated by vaccination with live vaccinia virus 14 days before wide local excision. Vaccination exerts a favourable effect on the course of melanoma both in terms of survival and prolongation of the interval between treatment of the primary lesion and subsequent development of metastases. PMID- 51410 TI - Evidence for abnormality of bone-matrix proteins in osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - Immunological and biochemical techniques demonstrated that the non-collagenous proteins of the organic matrix of bone were abnormal in quantity and composition in four children with osteogenesis imperfecta. This represents the main molecular difference found so far between bone in osteogenesis imperfecta and normal bone. PMID- 51411 TI - Amyloidosis and leprosy. PMID- 51413 TI - Spontaneous abortion. PMID- 51412 TI - Thyroid function after treatment of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 51414 TI - Beta-blockade withdrawal. PMID- 51415 TI - B.C.G. at school. PMID- 51417 TI - Incision decision. PMID- 51416 TI - The billowing mitral valve. PMID- 51418 TI - More or less. PMID- 51419 TI - Staphylococcal food poisoning aboard a commercial aircraft. AB - On Feb. 3, 1975, 196 (57%) of 344 passengers and 1 steward aboard a commercial aircraft contracted a gastrointestinal illness characterised by nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhoea; 142 passengers and the steward were admitted to hospital. Symptoms developed shortly after a ham and omelette breakfast had been served. An investigation strongly incriminated ham as the vehicle of the outbreak, and the source seems to have been a cook with lesions on his fingers. The attack-rate was 86% for passengers who ate the ham handled by this cook and 0% for passengers who ate ham handled exclusively by another food preparer. Before being served, the ham and omelette had been held at room temperature for 14 h and at 10 degrees C (50 degrees F) for 14 1/2 h Specimens of stool and vomitus from ill passengers, left-over food, and the finger lesions of the cook were positive for Staphylococcus aureus of identical phage types and antibiotic sensitivities. Preformed enterotoxin was detected in the left-over ham and omelette. This outbreak re-emphasises that people with infected lesion should not handle food and that foods must be stored at temperatures low enough to inhibit the growth of bacteria. To ensure against a common foodborne illness incapacitating the entire flight crew, cockpit crew members should eat different meals prepared by different cooks. PMID- 51420 TI - Clinical aspects of outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning during air travel. AB - An outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning among 364 charter-flight passengers and crew members is described. Symptoms appeared just before landing, about an hour after a meal containing contaminated ham had been served. 143 passengers were admitted to hospital. 1 patient developed acute anuria and 1 had hemiplegia and aphasia; both recovered. Fever and bloody stools were recorded with unusual frequency. PMID- 51421 TI - M.L.Q.: a supplement to M.C.Q. AB - A method of testing candidates' ability to recall and manipulate factual information is described. It comprises the insertion of a term which forms a logical link between two other, given, terms and probably tests higher cognitive attributes than do multiple-choice questions. This method seems to discriminate quite reliably between good and poor candidates. PMID- 51422 TI - Letter: No childhood. PMID- 51423 TI - Letter: The handicapped family. PMID- 51425 TI - Letter: A pamphlet to answer patient's questions. PMID- 51424 TI - Letter: Acute respiratory distress following formalin inhalation. PMID- 51426 TI - Letter: Needle puncture of the fetus during amniocentesis. PMID- 51427 TI - Letter: Hypokalaemia and digoxin-induced arrhythmias. PMID- 51428 TI - Letter: Acid-base status and parathyroid hormone in dialysed patients. PMID- 51429 TI - Letter: Zinc deficiency and intravenous feeding. PMID- 51430 TI - Letter: Reye's syndrome and the kinetics of ornithine carbamoyltransferase. PMID- 51431 TI - Letter: Cardiovascular maldevelopment associated with maternal exposure to amantadine. PMID- 51433 TI - Letter: Reye's syndrome. PMID- 51434 TI - Letter: Cystic fibrosis: detection of heterozygotes. PMID- 51432 TI - Letter: Diazepam and plasma-testosterone levels. PMID- 51436 TI - Letter: Breast prostheses. PMID- 51435 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of infantile myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 51437 TI - Letter: Improved localisation by subtraction of E.M.I. scans. PMID- 51438 TI - Letter: Type-III collagen in synovium. PMID- 51439 TI - Letter: Pneumocystis carinii in a husband and wife. PMID- 51440 TI - Letter: Prevention of acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning. PMID- 51441 TI - Letter: Carcinoembryonic antigen in tumour-associated membranous nephropathy. PMID- 51442 TI - Letter: Clozapine and agranulocytosis. PMID- 51443 TI - Letter: High blood-pressure and cancer? PMID- 51444 TI - Letter: Creatinine clearance and age. PMID- 51446 TI - Letter: Controversy in the detection of disease. PMID- 51445 TI - Letter: Safety of saccharin. PMID- 51447 TI - Letter: Machine-perfused cadaver kidneys. PMID- 51448 TI - Letter: Salivary antibody response to oral vaccine. PMID- 51449 TI - Letter: L.D.L. and total cholesterol in cord-blood screening for familial hypercholesterolaemia. PMID- 51450 TI - Letter: Oral hypoglycaemic agents in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 51451 TI - Letter: Calcium-fortified flour and renal stones. PMID- 51452 TI - Letter: Neurological disorders in 47,XYY men. PMID- 51453 TI - Letter: Philadelphia chromosome in acute lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 51454 TI - Letter: Counterimmunoelectrophoresis in diagnosis of hydatid disease. PMID- 51455 TI - Letter: Local IgE antibodies in allergic rhinitis. PMID- 51456 TI - Letter: The glue-ear syndrome. PMID- 51457 TI - William Henry Bradley. D.M. Oxon., F.R.C.P. PMID- 51458 TI - [Current possibilities in the treatment of prostatic hypertrophy]. PMID- 51459 TI - The proposed sequence of the encephalitogenic protein from chimpanzee brain. PMID- 51460 TI - Dihydromorphinine ketone reductases. PMID- 51462 TI - Demonstration of cytoplasmic actomyosin fibrils by the freeze-etching technique. AB - Cytoplasmic actomyosin fibrils of Physarum polycephalum were demonstrated by the freeze-etching technique. Within the fibrils the electron micrographs reveal 40 80 A thick filaments presumably representing F-actin. Thicker filaments (myosin) could not be detected. To avoid freezing artefacts, a pretreatment of the living material with 50% sucrose was necessary. The influence of freeze-protecting agents upon the fine structure of cytoplasmic actomyosins and the resulting difficulties in the investigation of constituents of the groundplasm with the freeze-etching technique are discussed. PMID- 51461 TI - [Double-blind study on the efficacy of Imposit throat tablets in acute lesions of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 51463 TI - Breakthrough rhesus sensitization in spite of anti-D gamma globulin given throughout pregnancy. PMID- 51464 TI - Studies on the Kell blood group system. PMID- 51465 TI - Accuracy of mast cell counts with different staining procedures. PMID- 51467 TI - A comparison of staining techniques for demonstrating group A chlamydia in tissue culture. PMID- 51466 TI - A simple method for demonstration of osteoid in paraffin sections. PMID- 51468 TI - [Current views on the clinical significance of alpha fetoproteins in the serum]. PMID- 51469 TI - [Inguinal cystocele or inguinal hernia of the bladder]. PMID- 51470 TI - Anomalous refractivity changes of gramicidin A in ethanol solutions. AB - Studies of the refractive properties of Gramicidin A in absolute ethanol and in ethanol water mixtures showed that this peptide in solution undergoes a conformational transition resulting in species with different refractivity. Accordingly, the folded form of this peptide shows a lower specific refractive index increment than the unfolded form. In addition, the occurrence of a strong pressure dependence of the transition is documented. PMID- 51471 TI - [New data on hepatitis B antigen (Australia antigen)]. PMID- 51472 TI - [Drug therapy of hepatitis in childhood]. PMID- 51473 TI - [Indications for and results of immunosupressive therapy in childhood chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 51474 TI - [Medical considerations on the treatment of metastasizing mammary carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - The routine therapy of metastasizing mammary carcinoma at the present time is reported. The course of the treatment is considered in every case in connection with the mental problems of the patient which are partly caused by the often drastic treatment measures carried out. The methods of local radiation therapy, which is combined with ablative hormonal methods or, in cases of progressive metastasization, with added exogenous hormones, estrogens, androgens or anabolics, is explained in detail. The final part of the paper is devoted to the currently used polychemotherapy which replaces the hormonal methods in progressive metastasization. PMID- 51475 TI - Integration of viral genomes. AB - DNA transcripts of infectious RNA viruses were found to be integrated in the DNA of chronically-infected tissue cultures. DNA sequences homologous to RNA of measles virus were found in tissues affected with systemic lupus erythemotosus. These data open up a new class of virus-cell interaction that may be a result of cooperation between infectious and oncogenic viruses. PMID- 51476 TI - Antisera to human B-lymphocyte membrane glycoproteins block stimulation in mixed lymphocyte culture. PMID- 51477 TI - Isolation and properties of a murine spleen cell Fc receptor. PMID- 51478 TI - Effect on mortality of the 1974 fuel crisis. PMID- 51479 TI - Precommitment of normal mouse peritoneal cells by erythrocyte antigens in relation to auto-antibody production. PMID- 51480 TI - Biodegradation of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane. IV. The extent of degradation of single doses in vivo. AB - 1. Urine and stools were collected daily of 4 adult rats kept in single cages and injected once i.p. with alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH; dose per animal 126-150 mumoles), labelled uniformly with 14-C (10.8-14.0 X 10(6) dpm per animal). 2. In 4 weeks, 65% of the label was excreted through the kidneys and 16% by way of the intestine, with an estimated 8% being retained in depot fat. 3. GLC analysis of the pooled urine showed it to contain very little unchanged drug, on average 0.05% of the dose. The time-course of the renal excretion of 14-C labelled substance corresponded rather closely to the excretion of organically bound 36-Cl seen in earlier experiments with 36-Cl-labelled drug, indicating that the majority of urinary metabolites, presumably, still bear chlorine. 4. All or nearly all of the faecal 14-C was found by GLC to be accounted for by the stool's content of unchanged alpha-HCH. 5. Taken together, the results indicate a mean extent of alpha-HCH-degradation in the rat in the order of 80-85% of a dose. 6. Two rats were given 400 mg/kg of "cold" alpha-HCH by mouth 4 days before i.p. application of 14-C-labelled drug and were found to excrete more label through the kidneys in the first week than did the non-pretreated rats. This indicates that the drug stimulates its own degradation. PMID- 51481 TI - Biodegradation of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane. V. Characterization of the major urinary metabolites. AB - 1. Free 2,4,5- and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) have been identified by co crystallization with authentic carrier as constituents of the urine of rats given 3-H-labelled alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH). The two TCP's constituted 7% and 63%, respectively, of the free phenol fraction which was found to account for less than 5% of all urinary metabolites. 2. 75% of the label contained in the urine of rats collected for four weeks after an i.p. dose of 14-C-alpha-HCH could be extracted into an organic solvent after alkaline and acid hydrolysis. The radioactive material thus extracted was examined by TLC and GLC. It is shown to consist mainly of chlorophenols and chlorothiophenols. 3. The extracts' major constituent was 2,4,6-TCP. Its amount was determined by GLC and was found to account for, on average, 45% of the total urinary metabolites. In conjunction with other evidence, this is considered to establish 2,4,6-TCP as the major product of alpha-HCH-biodegradation in the rat. 4. Chromatographic evidence is presented for 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol and 2,4,5-TCP being other components of the chlorophenol fraction isolated from hydrolysed urine. 5. The amount of label associated with the chlorothiophenol fraction suggests a pathway involving endogenous thiol to be of significance in alpha-HCH-biodegradation in rats. Pretreatment with the drug itself increased the proportion of label associated with the fraction. PMID- 51482 TI - The utilization of adenosine triphosphate in rat mast cells during histamine release induced by anaphylactic reaction and compound 48/80. AB - The ATP content of rat peritoneal mast cells has been studied in relation to histamine release induced by compound 48/80 and antigen-antibody (anaphylactic) reaction in vitro. When the ATP content of actively sensitized mast cells was reduced to different levels by oligomycin, a good correlation was obtained between the ATP levels and the amounts of histamine released by the anaphylactic reaction. A similar linear relation has previously been demonstrated between the ATP levels of mast cells and histamine release induced by compound 48/80. The ATP content of mast cells was also studied at different intervals after the exposure of the cells to antigen or compound 48/80. No significant change in the ATP content was observed in untreated mast cells during the short period when histamine release occurs. If, however, the mast cells were preincubated with oligomycin or 2-deoxyglucose to reduce the rate of ATP synthesis while a large part of the histamine release remained unaffected-a decrease in the ATP content could be demonstrated in close time relation to both anaphylactic and compound 48/80-induced histamine release. The observations indicate an increased utilization of ATP in mast cells during the release process. PMID- 51483 TI - [Pain in carcinoma]. PMID- 51484 TI - A simple differential staining method for semi-thin sections of ossifying cartilage and bone tissues embedded in epoxy resin. PMID- 51485 TI - Toxic and photodynamic effects of vital staining with cresyl blue on bull spermatozoa. PMID- 51486 TI - Selective staining of rodent acrosomes with phosphotungstic acid. PMID- 51487 TI - [The axonal system of the ventro-median pair of neurosecretory cells in the suboesophagealganglion in Teleogryllus commodus Walker. Staining of whole mount preparations with resorcin fuchsin (author's transl)]. PMID- 51488 TI - [Cancer of the lung]. PMID- 51489 TI - Treatment of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy with propylthiouracil and methimazole. AB - Twenty-one women were studied who had received propylthiouracil or methimazole during 26 pregnancies. Four of the infants had a goiter at birth, and 3 of these had neonatal thyrotoxicosis. In 2 children neonatal thyrotoxicosis was not evident at birth because of maternal antithyroid therapy. Five children had congenital defects. Two mothers were responsible for 4 of the children with abnormalities, and both mothers had been treated with thiourea drugs for long periods, ranging from 7 to 11 years. The majority of children who are exposed to these drugs in utero appear to have no subsequent ill effects. However, prolonged therapy with these agents may be undesirable. PMID- 51490 TI - Evaluation of carcinoma of the cervix using 111In-bleomycin. AB - Indium-111 attached to bleomycin is useful in the scintigraphic localization of a variety of tumors. Since it does not normally accumulate in bowel and feces, it is superior to other radiopharmaceuticals, such as gallium-67 citrate, in the demonstration of abnormalities in the abdomen and pelvis. Twenty-eight patients with know carcinoma of the cervix were studied with whole body 111In-belomycin scans. Two "false-positive" scans were produced by local inflammation. Six "false negative" scans were attributed to small tumors escaping scintigraphic detection. In the remaining 20 patients, scan findings correlated well with site and extent of the tumor as determined by other means. 111In-bleomycin scintiscanning may prove to be a highly useful adjunct in the evaluation of patients with carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 51491 TI - Tumor-specific antigen binding activity of human serum. PMID- 51492 TI - Enhancement by hydrazine sulfate of antitumor effectiveness of cytoxan, mitomycin C, methotrexate and bleomycin, in walker 256 carcinosarcoma in rats. AB - Use of hydrazine sulfate potentiates the antitumor action of Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), Mitomycin C, methotrexate and bleomycin against Walker 256 intramuscular carcinosarcoma in in vivo short-term studies in rats. Experimental data suggest this potentiation by hydrazine sulfate to result from a mechanism of action other than direct cytotoxicity, and further, that combination chemotherapy with hydrazine sulfate and a cytotoxic agent may be useful in the treatment of human cancer. PMID- 51493 TI - A new technique of silver impregnation for oligodendrocytes with potassium dicyanoargentate by means of perfusion-fixation method. PMID- 51494 TI - Apocrine mixed tumour of the lid. AB - The clinical features and pathological characteristics of a case of apocrine mixed tumour, a rare sweat gland neoplasm located in the lid, are described. PMID- 51495 TI - Alpha globulin intracytoplasmic hepatocyte globules in round heart disease in turkeys, visualized by immunofluorescent technique. AB - The intracytoplasmic hepatocyte globules described in round heart disease of turkeys were found by immunofluorescent technique to contain alpha globulins. The diagnostic value of this method is discussed. PMID- 51496 TI - Effect of inositol, lecithin, vitamins (B12 with choline and E), and iodinated casein on induced fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome in laying chickens. AB - Egg production, liver lipid, and liver hemorrhagic score were not significantly altered by diets that contained inositol (at 1 or 2 g./kg. diet) and fed ad libitum, or force-fed to S.C. White Leghorn hens to produce fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS). FLHS was not prevented by lecithin, iodinated casein alone or with inositol. The vitamins B12, choline and E appeared to reduce FLHS and liver lipid in the one group tested. The dose-response relationship between feed intake, liver hemorrhagic score and liver lipid content was again demonstrated. PMID- 51497 TI - [Clinical investigation of silymarin in chronic liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 51498 TI - [Euthanasia and ethics - a contribution for discussion (author's transl)]. PMID- 51499 TI - [Prenatal genetic diagnosis. Report on 150 cases investigated in Zurich (author's transl)]. PMID- 51500 TI - Neoantigens of the membrane attack complex of human complement. AB - The membrane attack complex of complement is a fusion product of five complement proteins: C5b, C6, C7, C8, and C9. The complex causes complement-dependent cell membrane damage. It is assembled following complement activation both on the target cell surface and in the fluid phase. The isolated soluble complex, which has a molecular weight of one million, exhibited reduced expression of the antigenic determinants of the native precursor proteins. Antisera produced to the intact complex contained antibodies to neoantigens which were not detectable on the five precursor proteins. Antisera were rendered neoantigen-specific by adsorption with fresh human serum. Since the adsorbed antisera precipitated the complex, the complex must contain multiple neoantigenic sites. The complex specific antibodies not only reacted with the soluble complex, but also with the target cell-bound membrane attack complex. PMID- 51501 TI - [The photometric determination of organic acids using paper chromatograms. 28. The chemistry and physiology of some important metabolic acids]. PMID- 51502 TI - Inhibition of 4,alpha-dimethyl-m-tyramine (H 77/77)-induced hypermotility in rats by single and repeated administration of chloropromazine, haloperidol, clozapine and thioridazine. AB - The effect of H 77/77 (5 mg/kg s.c.) on motility of rats kept in a familiar cage was investigated. H 77/77 produced hypermotility, which was reduced by oral pretreatment with chlorpromazine, haloperidol, clozapine and thioridazine. The 4 neuroleptics were administered acutely and for a 14 day period. H 77/77 was given 30 min after the single or last dose of neuroleptc (chronic treatment) condition. After both single and repeated administration the neuroleptics showed H 77/77 antagonism in doses ranging from 0.1-2.0 mg/kg. The effect on H 77/77 activity did not change significantly after repeated treatment. Clozapine and thioridazine, which clinically produce only minor extrapyramidal side effects, exert a weak effect or none at all in tests commonly used for neuroleptic activity. These 2 neuroleptics were potent H 77/77-antagonists. Inhibition of H 77/77-hypermotility may possibly be used as a test for neuroleptics. PMID- 51503 TI - Induction, development, and inhibition of radiation-induced macrobodies. PMID- 51505 TI - More effective devices for teaching undergraduate radiology. AB - Two effective methods of teaching radiology to medical students are described. The Rotating Exhibit and Matching Displays methods allow students to master film facts by themselves and provide contact with the teaching radiologist for discussion of the film findings. Elements of participation, entertainment, variety, and discovery are features of these teaching techniques which supplement self-instructional methods. PMID- 51504 TI - The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. A comprehensive analysis using fine detail radiography, photon absorptiometry, and bone and joint scintigraphy. AB - Nine patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy were examined. Clinical manifestations suggesting arthropathy were supported by radiographic demonstration of juxta-articular and subchondral bone erosions and by radionuclide demonstration of increased activity localized in the joint regions. Aggressive demineralization was demonstrated by fine-detail radiography and consisted of endosteal and intracortical excavation and subperiosteal and trabecular bone resorption. A one-third reduction in bone mineral was confirmed by quantitative analyses. Newer modalities of study have aided in the documentation of arthropathy in reflex sympathetic dystrophy and have helped in defining the patterns of aggressive bone resorption. PMID- 51506 TI - [Comparative study of the action and effects of 3 estro-progestinic preparations with different composition, dosage and regimens]. PMID- 51508 TI - Feoproteins. PMID- 51507 TI - [Economical surgery, bronchial or pulmonary, in the treatment of lung cancer]. AB - In the present uncertainty as to the relative importance of maximum radical resection, surgical treatment of bronchial carcinoma should be guided by the state of cardio-pulmonary function and quality of survival. In borderline cases, therefore, consideration should be given to economic resection, either parenchymal or bronchial. Surgery was performed for bronchial carcinoma in 369 cases between 1963 and 1974, involving 30 segmental resections and 26 bronchial sleeve resections. Favourable results are reported for the curative operations, whereas the results of palliative resections show low mortality but unfavourable longterm survival. PMID- 51509 TI - Proceedings: Prenatal screening for spina bifida. PMID- 51510 TI - Sulfuric acid aerosol. PMID- 51511 TI - Rat and rabbit response (in relation to age) to inhalation of automobile exhaust fumes. AB - Rats of two age groups, of 119 and 163 g mean body weight, were exposed for three and thirty days, respectively, to automobile gases diluted with air. In addition, rabbits, of 1.88 kg mean body weight, were exposed for twenty-four days. The conditions of exposure were kept nearly constant as related to the concentration of CO in the chamber. The following determinations were performed: (1) Body weight measurements as evidence of growth of the animals; (2) The number of alveolar macrophages (AM) in the lung washings; (3) Damage to the integrity of the cytoplasmic membrane of AM; (4) Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (G6PD) in AM; (5) The acid-base balance in the capillary blood of the rabbits. The results of the 30-day exposure show that automobile exhaust gases significantly inhibit the growth of both age groups; with significant body weight losses in the older animals from the 16th day of exposure. The number of AM was elevated in both groups. The activity of G6PD increased in the AM of the younger animals and decreased in the AM of the older as compared with the controls. The number of dead AM was higher in the older than in the younger rats. After the three-day exposure, no significant difference was found in the number of AM washed from the lungs of both exposed groups, compared with the controls. However, G6PD activity and the number of viable AM in the older animals were decreased and the percent of dead phagocytes was significant. The opposite effect was seen in the younger group. Alterations of lung tissue structure in the exposed animals were apparent to the naked eye. Acid-base response showed metabolic and respiratory disturbances as evidenced by the decrease in carbon dioxide tension (PCo2), the rise of hemoglobin by the reduction of pH level and by the base excess (BE). The inhibition of the growth of the rabbits was noted. The intra- and extrapulmonary effect of automobile exhaust gases after inhalation was observed as a complex of disturbances of the fundamental metabolic processes in the organism. The gases affected the cells of lung defence-alveolar macrophages and their biosynthetic activity. PMID- 51513 TI - [Therapeutic hypothyroidism]. PMID- 51512 TI - [Regional chemotherapy of stomach cancers]. AB - Fifty patients with a stomach cancer received regional chemotherapy by infusion. Two kinds of cancers were treated with this technique: cancers inaccessible with usual surgical treatment and some limited cancers. In most cases, the catheter was introduced by transcutaneous puncture of axillary artery. According to the site of the cancer, the extremity of the catheter was introduced into the left gastric artery, hepatic artery or coeliac trunk. Efficiency of the infusion was checked by arteriography and by gastric fibroscopic examination with intra arterial injection of evans blue. The duration of the treatment was two weeks or three weeks. The chemotherapy was made on a sequential method, taking account of the tumoral cellular cycle. The results show an objective response in 80 per cent of the cases, 39 per cent of the non operable cancers were later accessible to surgery. This study shows that chemotherapy should be used in the treatment of any stomach's cancers before surgical treatment. PMID- 51514 TI - Cromolyn sodium in the treatment of asthma: its effectiveness and use. AB - Thirty-six asthmatic children received placebo and cromolyn sodium, a new drug, in a double-blind crossover study; the majority were not using corticosteroids. Significant decreases in wheezing, breathlessness at rest, and cough occurred when the active drug was compared to placebo. Marked preference for cromolyn over placebo was expressed at the end of the study. Our results agree with previous reports on the effectiveness of cromolyn sodium. We found this drug to be especially useful as an adjunct to other treatment in the control of asthmatic children. PMID- 51515 TI - Cardiovascualr changes with acute subdural hematoma. AB - Of 100 consecutive patients with acute subdural hematoma, 53 survived. Blood pressure and heart rate changes were not reliable indicators of increased intracranial pressure or cerebral disaster. Electrocardiographic changes in these patients were dramatic. Forty-one patients developed a new cardiac arrhythmia. Increased intracranial pressure and brain lesions adversely affect the heart. These effects must be recognized and appropriately treated. PMID- 51516 TI - [Treatment of cardiac rhythm disorders]. PMID- 51517 TI - Effect of sodium and potassium ions on the activity of human antitrombin-heparin cofactor. PMID- 51518 TI - Evaluation of the detection rate of hemophilia carriers. PMID- 51519 TI - Evaluation of an amidolytic heparin cofactor assay method. PMID- 51520 TI - [ Immunoelectrophoretic study of salivary proteins]. AB - The proteins in saliva samples from 60 individuals (subdivided into three age groups) were analysed immuno-electrophoretically to reveal possible relationships with periodontal disease and caries. No such relationship was established with regard to caries. In subjects with periodontal inflammation transferrin and haptoglobin were twice as frequent as in control individuals, which is indicative of a correlation with the inflammatory process. Multiple IgA and IgG bands were detected in saliva samples from elderly subjects. Incidentally, IgM was absent in saliva samples from 10-year-old children, which was in contrast to the results obtained for serum samples. PMID- 51521 TI - Low immunogenicity of the third HL-A series. PMID- 51522 TI - The reproducibility of reactions obtained with cytotoxic antisera directed against various DL-A specificities. PMID- 51524 TI - One-way nonstimulation of mixed leukocyte culture in canine families. PMID- 51523 TI - Definition of MLC specificities in the dog. PMID- 51525 TI - Cell-mediated lympholysis in dogs: studies of the cytotoxic mechanism. PMID- 51526 TI - Cell-mediated lympholysis in the dog. PMID- 51527 TI - [Lysosome-like alpha-granules of thrombocytes: detection by acridine orange treatment, properties and transformations during the course of blood coagulation reactions]. AB - Using the ability of lysosome-like alpha-granules of thrombocytes to accumulate flurochrome acridine orange, their transformation kinetics was studied in the course of cell viscous metamorphosis utilizing the fluorometric technique. It turned out that during the thrombin induced cellular viscous metamorphosis lysosomes released their contents: the process is stimulated by the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Competitive relations were revealed between the accumulation within cytoplasmic granules of thrombocytes of acridine orange and serotonin, and that of histamine and novocaine. The process of fluorochrome accumulation was found to be temperature dependent and to be inhibited by monoiodacetate. PMID- 51528 TI - [Biochemical and cytospectrophotometric analysis of the extraction of RNA from spinal cord cell structures]. AB - By means of two-wavelength spectrophotometry, according to Tsanev and Markov, a stability of RNA content has been demonstrated in rabbit spinal cord sections treated with cold perchloric acid: it was only after 18 and particularly 48 hr incubation of the section in a 16% perchloric acid solution that the total tissue RNA began to be extracted. Cytospectrophotometrical study of the motoneurons of spinal cord anterior horns and perineuronal glial cells in gallocyanin -- chrome alum stained sections has shown a rapid loss of RNA under effect of the cold perchloric acid: as early as after a 2 hr treatment, about 2/3 of the whole cellular RNA was extracted from the motoneurons, while about 1/2 from their glial satellite cells. Hydrolysis of the rest of RNA was found out in the neurons and in the neuroglia only after a 18 hr extraction with the perchloric acid. Similarities and differences in the features of neuronal and glial RNA are discussed. PMID- 51529 TI - [Use of proteolytic enzymes in urological practice]. PMID- 51530 TI - [Correction by peridural block of certain disorders of external respiration and hemodynamics after urologic operations]. PMID- 51531 TI - [Indications for prostatic adenomectomy in patients with pathological processes in the kidneys]. PMID- 51532 TI - [Types of immunological specificity of isoenzymes in patients with diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract]. PMID- 51533 TI - Candicidin: physiologic effect on prostate. AB - In a double-blind study, candicidin therapy resulted in over-all clinical improvement of benign prostatic hypertrophy symptoms in 78.1 per cent of treated patients compared with 10 per cent for patients given a placebo. Histologic review of prostates of candicidin-treated patients showed more stroma relative to the epithelium. The epithelium was less active with more cuboidal than columnar cells. There were fewer papillary infoldings, and the epithelium contained more true cysts than did the prostates of patients given a placebo. Urinary testosterone, 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, and serum androgen, follicle-stimulating hormones, and corticosteroid levels ramained within normal values with candicidin therapy. PMID- 51534 TI - Early removal of catheter after transurethral prostatectomy. AB - A prospective study of 100 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy treated by transurethral prostatectomy with catheter removal as soon as possible after surgery was carried out. The results were compared with a retrospective review of 100 similar cases treated by long-term catheter drainage. Incidence of retention requiring recatheterization was equal (5 per cent versus 6 per cent); incidence of secondary hemorrhage was increased by early catheter removal (6 per cent versus 13 per cent); postoperative hospital stay was decreased by 50 per cent (8.2 versus 4.0 days); and patient comfort and acceptance were improved markedly. PMID- 51535 TI - Alpha fetoprotein determinations in germ cell tumors of testis. AB - Alpha fetoprotein was demonstrated in 15 of 115 patients with histologically proved germinal testicular neoplasms. Alpha fetoprotein was detected in patients only with embryonal carcinoma and teratocarcinoma; determinations were negative in all cases of pure seminoma, teratoma, and choriocarcinoma. Of 15 patients having detectable alpha fetoprotein, 14 had Stage III disease and one had Stage II disease. When alpha fetoprotein is present, it usually heralds progression of the disease and therefore may serve as a valuable biologic marker to monitor response to therapy. PMID- 51536 TI - Inhibition of synthesis of influenza virus proteins: evidence of two host-cell dependent events during multiplication. PMID- 51537 TI - Group-specific antigenic determinants of the large envelope glycoprotein of avian oncornaviruses. PMID- 51539 TI - Promising developments in viral hepatitis. PMID- 51540 TI - Massive resection in metastatic carcinoma of the liver for palliation. A procedure to consider. PMID- 51538 TI - Serology and epidemiology. PMID- 51541 TI - The multiple mixed lymphocyte reaction: variables important in the test as a measure of lymphocyte competence in man. AB - In order to utilize the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) as an assay of T lymphocyte competence, pools of target lymphocytes obtained from different individuals are used to increase the magnitude and decrease the variation of the in vitro response. We evaluated variations in MLR response due to variations in target cell populations. Response increased with an increased target/responder cell ratio. Peak response occurred with a target/responder cell ratio of between 1:1 and 1:4. Response to a pool of lymphocytes from different individuals increased as the number of individuals contributing to the pool increased. Peak stimulation occurred with three to four different donors to the target cell pool. Stimulation produced by pooled target cells resulted in a higher mean index of stimulation and decreased variation of response as compared to stimulation produced by target cells from individual donors. Stimulation produced by pooled target cells was approximately equal to the sum of the stimulation produced by each of the target cell populations acting alone. These findings indicate a practical method of modifying the MLR as a test of T-lymphocyte function. PMID- 51542 TI - [Demonstration of immunoglobulin determinants on lymphocyte surfaces by membrane immunofluorescence]. AB - Isolated lymphocytes from peripheral blood of 22 healthy donors were examined with the help of the indirect membrane immunofluorescence (MIF) for immunoglobulin determinants on the surface of the cells. The quantity of MIF+ cells for IgM was on the average 8.7% (3-18) and for IgG 15.5%(8-18). Five different anti-IgM-sera were characterised with regard to their use in the MIF (precipitation titre, entire protein content, content of anti-IgM-antibodies). Differences in the quantity of the MIF+-lymphocytes were above all based on differing antibody concentrations of the sera. It was referred to further possible causes for these differences. The influence on the results of the examinations by protein addition and trypsination. PMID- 51543 TI - [Drug therapy of myocardial infarct in ambulatory practice]. AB - For the practicing physician the medicamentous treatment of the patients with infarction is the main problem of the secondary prevention in the prehospital phase as well as in the after-treatment. In these cases in the acute phase not the myocardial insufficiency is in the centre of the out-patient care, but the therapy of the disturbances of cardiac rhythm, which mainly cause the high lethality in the early phase. Therefore, uncomplicated infarctions, in whch care must be taken only for a sedation of sympathico-adrenergic reactions and a volume reduction of the heart, should be differed from complicated cases. However, an immediate transport to the hospital must be guaranteed. If there appear a contraction insufficiency of the left ventricle or threatening disturbances of the rhythm, additionally glycosides and saluretics must be administered as well as an aimed antiarrhythmic therapy must be initiated. The necessary medicamentous measures are described dependent upon the diagnosis of brady- and tachycardiac disturbances of the rhythm. The author enters briefly the problems of volume substitution, treatment of acidosis as well as the administration of beta sympathicolytics and gluco-corticoids. - In the after-treatment of infarctions anticoagulants are the only medicaments to be prescribed, when findings completely without complications are present. If, however, there are signs of activity of the coronary heart disease in the post-infarction phase, a basic therapy with a glycoside and anticoagulants as well as an individually to be varied additive therapy with nitro-preparations, beta-sympathicolytics, saluretics, anti-hypertensive agents and antiarrhythmic agents are necessary. PMID- 51544 TI - [Accident during local anesthesia in a patient with antiarrhythmic therapy]. AB - A side reaction of antiarrhythmic treatment in a 18-year-old patient with congestive cardiomyopathy is reported. During treatment with high doses of aprindine cerebral convulsions occurred. After ceasing the medication temporarily, a pacemaker revision was done in local anesthesia. Cerebral convulsions reappeared after injection of the local anesthetic. The patient died due to cardiac arrest. It is discussed that some amount of the local anesthetic agent (mepivacaine) was absorbed from the tissue elevating the blood level of local anesthetic drugs (aprindine and mepivacine) into the toxic range, thus producing cerebral convulsions, augmenting the stimulation threshold and depressing the automaticity of the heart. It is urged that antiarrhythmic treatment should be stopped before local anesthesia will be performed. PMID- 51545 TI - [A new method of transseptal levocardiography]. AB - Perforations of the left atrial or ventricular wall and extravasations of contrast medium during transseptal left heart catheterization or angiocardiography can be eliminated by replacing the routinely used transseptal catheters with Pigtail-catheters. With 2.8% minor complications without sequelas in 181 successful studies, transseptal angiocardiography of the left heart through Pigtail-catheters is not only less hazardous than injections through the transseptal catheters employed up to now, but bears even less risk than direct retrograde injection into the left ventricle. To show the left atrial cavity and the mitral valve, transseptal left atrial injection is the method of choice. For quantitative angiocardiography to evaluate left ventricular function, transseptal angiocardiography with injection into the left atrium is superior to retrograde direct ventriculography in our experience, as ventricular ectopic beats were absent and supraventricular ectopic beats as rare as 5% of the cases, local disturbances of wall motion during injection could be avoided and 1 or 2 more cycles could be evaluated before the depressant effect of contrast medium started. PMID- 51547 TI - The management of cancer pain. PMID- 51546 TI - [Role of cells of the "third type" in the immune response]. PMID- 51548 TI - [Myelin sheath staining (author's transl)]. AB - In Loyez-Woelcke's myelin sheath staining the author studied the effect of the tanning time, that of the ripening grade of hematoxylin as well as the effect of the staining time. In case of a determined staining time a certain proportion must be present between the ripening grade (or the quantity of the oxidizing agent added to the solution to enhance ripening) and the quantity of the alkalizing agent. On the other hand the absolute quantity of the two substances has only little influence on staining. A neutral red staining was found efficacious to demonstrate cell nuclei and Nissl substance. PMID- 51549 TI - [Sensitization against the antigens of the brain after experimental vaccinia infection. I. Evidence for cell-mediated immune response to brain-antigens (author's transl)]. AB - Vaccinia virus infection was performed by scarification of the shaved skin (5 times 5 cm2) on the back of Pirbright guinea pigs. The macrophage migration inhibition test was performed with peritonealexudate cells 7, 11, 14 and 21 days after infection. Macrophage migration inhibition occurred after exposure of the cells to whole brain tissue antigen on the 7th, 11th, 14th day after infection (s. table 1). Lymphocyte transformation responses were examined by 14C-2-Thymidin uptake using blood cultures and basic encephalitogenic protein and whole brain tissue extract as antigens. A positive transformation response could be demonstrated from one to 8 weeks after infection (s. table 2). The specificity of the transformation response to brain antigen was established using control cultures stimulated with PHA or PPD. In no case stimulation occured with PPD. Stimulation with PHA was not altered. On the other hand the spontaneous lymphocyte transformation was enhanced at one week after infection and lymphocyte cultures exposed to heat inactivated vaccinia virus showed transformation from the 3th week after infection until the end of the observation period (i.e. 8 weeks) (s. table 2). The reason why cell mediated hypersensitivity to brain antigen is induced following vaccinia infection remains unknown. The most probable among several possible mechanisms seem a) the induction of virus specific antigens on the surface of infected cells or b) the release of brain specific antigen through virus infection. PMID- 51550 TI - [Biochemical differentiation between N. sicca and N. perflava (author's transl)]. AB - Neisseria sicca forms an iodine-positive metabolic product when grown on Trypticase soy agar without the addition of sucrose. This reaction which does not occur with N. perflava may be useful for differentiating between the two species. PMID- 51551 TI - [Growth and lipopolysaccharide content of salmonellae grown in submersed cultures according to the batch-method. 2. Communication: influence of growth phases on lipopolysaccharide synthesis (author's transl)]. AB - The paper describes cultivations of 4 Salmonella S-forms and 1 SR mutant, performed in complex medium under constant conditions of temperature, pH and aeration. The experiments show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis underlies quantitative differences with the growth phases, resulting in changes in the LPS content of the cell masses. During the exponential phase a decline takes place in the percentage of LPS contained by the 4 S-forms. In addition, in the phase of delayed growth acceleration, 3 of these strains exhibit temporary, complete stagnation in LPS formation. When the cultures enter the stationary phase, LPS biosynthesis also discontinues. The SR-mutant differs from the S-forms especially in that the rate of LPS synthesis and with it, the percent lipopolysaccharide content of the cells, increase greatly in the exponential growth phase. The causes and effects of the changes observed are discussed. PMID- 51552 TI - [Sensitization against the antigens of the brain after experimental vaccinia infection. II. Humoral anti-brain antibodies and morphological changes in the CNS (author's transl)]. AB - 29 guinea pigs, strain Pirbright, were infected with vaccinia virus, strain Elstree, by the dermal route. The observation period was 14 days. Thereafter, the animals were killed and their central nervous systems (CNS) histologically and immunohistologically, the blood fluorescence-serologically examined. Histological examination revealed meningitis, ependymitis or disseminated meningoencephalitis with slight perivascular cuffing in 72% of the animals. The viral antigen was found in 3 animals (10%). It was present most often in the cytoplasma of the arachnoidal and/or ependymal cells, as well as in the cells of the vessel walls and less often in the glial and/or nerve cells. The infected cells showed no severe degenerative changes. The blood-brain-barrier displayed localized disturbances. The examination of the myelin sheaths revealed disseminated foci of disappearance of myelin fluorescence in the perivascular, paraventricular and subcortical regions. Antibodies directed against myelin sheaths, or nerve cells could be detected in the sera of 48% of the animals. The results give evidence that the vaccinia infection is capable to induce a potentially pathogenic autoimmune reaction directed against brain. Such an immunomechanism can be triggered without any signs of acute lytic infection of the CNS. The mechanism and significance of this reaction are discussed. PMID- 51553 TI - [The methylene-blue-reduction-test (MR-test) and the micro-TTC-test for the determination of substances as sole source of carbon in the taxonomy of Pseudomonas species (author's transl)]. AB - Two methods are described for the determination of substances as sole source of carbon for taxonomic tools: the Methylene-Blue-Reduction-Test and the Micro-TTC Test. Both methods are giving results superior to the technique introduced by STANIER and co-workers and used hitherto in the taxonomic classification of Pseudomonas species. The evaluation of the comparative test results is based on the criterion that a substance is useful for taxonomic purpose provided that at least 90 per cent of the strains of a species are giving homogeneous results. - The MR-Test is superior to the Micro-TTC-Test concerning the reproducibility of the results. The Micro-TTC-Test is useful as a screening technique in the routine work and the primary investigation of numerous strains. PMID- 51555 TI - Mathematical planning for local plasty in hypospadias. PMID- 51554 TI - On the role of biological preparation of recipient bed in free transplantation of bone. PMID- 51556 TI - Comparable aspects of the employment of solid and split homotransplants in bridging large segmental defects in long bones. PMID- 51557 TI - Xeroderma pigmentosum. PMID- 51558 TI - Reconstruction of corners of mouth after resection of lower lip. PMID- 51559 TI - Appraisal of prognostic significance of various factors in the results of autotransplantation of skin in burned patients. PMID- 51560 TI - Plastic treatment of scar contractures of neck with Filatov pedicle flap in children. PMID- 51561 TI - Systemic effects of burns on bone mineral metabolism. 2. The influence of general anaesthesia. PMID- 51562 TI - Treatment of psychic disorders in patients with burns. PMID- 51563 TI - The use of dermal flaps in the treatment of protruding ears. PMID- 51564 TI - Traumatic skin defects of the hand. PMID- 51565 TI - Considerations of further development of clinical genetics. PMID- 51566 TI - In memoriam A.B. Wallace - 1974. PMID- 51567 TI - Prof. Dr. Miloslav Seeman, DrSc. - 1975. PMID- 51568 TI - Feulgen-DNA-cytophotometry on mammary tumor cells from aspiration biopsy smears. AB - The nuclear DNA content of cells from 20 cases of mammary aspirates was estimated by microspectrophotometry. Smears stained according to Papanicolaou were destained and Feulgen-reacted. Among the smears there were 14 with doubtless tumor cells, four with a benign cell picture, and two of a doubtful nature. The mammary lesions were in all cases verfied by histology. Measurements showed that smears of benign tumors had a diploid or diploid to tetraploid distribution of DNA. The two doubtful smears also showed the same DNA pattern, although in one case the cells were from a papillary carcinoma and in the second case from a fibroadenoma. Malignomas with a cell picture, monomorphous-atypical in Papanicolaou staining exhibited a DNA histogram with a peak in the diploid to hyperdiploid ranges. Carcinomas showing a polymorphous-atypical cell picture were characterized either by polyploid values, by a large spread, or by aneuploidy. Hence, it is impossible to safely distinguish benign cases from carcinomas by the DNA pattern, since DNA distribution is fairly identical in part of the cases in either group. PMID- 51570 TI - Cytochemical heterogeneity of human circulating monocytes. AB - Normal human monocytes, based on appearance after Romanowsky-type staining, have been considered to be a homogenous class of mononuclear leukocytes. Cytochemical studies, however, indicate that these cells are markedly heterogenous with respect to certain hydrolytic and oxidative lysosomal enzymes and to a lesser extent show variability in cytoplasmic carbohydrate and ribonucleic acid content. Individual monocytes were found to vary most widely in non-specific esterase activity and least in acid phosphatase activity. Variation in monocyte peroxidase activity was intermediate between these extremes. Using a cytochemical "scoring" technic, younger adults were found to have higher mean monocyte non-specific esterase scores than older adults. No significant age or sex differences were found for peroxidase or acid phosphatase activity. Furthermore, the overall activities of these monocyte enzymes in healthy adults, as estimated by intensity of staining, were unrelated to one another. Using consecutive double staining technics, individual monocytes were also found to vary in their content of these biochemical consituents. A statistically inverse relationship was found in individual monocytes between their nonspecific esterase and acid phosphatase activities (r = -0.68). Analysis of other combinations studied showed only random distribution with no significant correlations. These findings emphasize the biochemical individuality of circulating monocytes and the variations noted probably reflect differences in number and composition of lysosomes. PMID- 51569 TI - Cytophotometric and cytogenetic studies of prolactin-secreting transplantable pituitary tumor cells in C57BL mice. PMID- 51571 TI - [Primary malignant tumors of the biliary tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 51572 TI - [Unusual cis AB phenotype in ABO group system]. AB - The authors present serologic characteristics of the "cis AB" phenotype in the ABO blood system on the basis of investigation of three families in Poland and data from the literature and genetic concepts explaining the mechanism of development of this phenotype. PMID- 51573 TI - Microglioma and/or reticulosarcoma of the nervous system. AB - 49 microgliomas of nervous parenchyma were studied, all of them with aniline techniques in part of the material embedded in paraffin, and the rest with Del Rio Hortega-Polak's technique in frozen sections. It is considered that the microglia is the representative of the R.E.S. in the nervous tissue, and is characterised by its cytoplasmic argentophilia. The existence of a non argentophilic primitive reticular cell is denied, and it is maintained that microglioma and reticulosarcoma are synonymous thus refuting the concept of the existence of a reticulosarcoma consisting of non-argentophilic cells and a microglioma consisting of argentophilic cells, as different neoplasms. PMID- 51574 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein producing clones derived from ascites hepatoma AH70B culture. AB - The establishment of permanent cell line that can produce an alpha-fetoprotein has made tissue culture a powerful tool for the study of alpha-fetoprotein. For this reason, the hepatoma cells of rat ascites hepatoma AH70B were cultured in vitro and some biological characters of the isolated six clones examined. The cultured cells were morphologically epithelial and the mode of chromosome number in hypotetraploid range, and possessed tumorigenicity. The cells secreted alpha fetoprotein at the high level and a few components of serum proteins in the culture medium for more than one year. Alpha-Fetoprotein was also detected in cytoplasm by fluorescent antibody technique. The examined character was little different among the six colonial clones. From the present cloning procedure, it was suggested that the cultured cells derived from a single cell were secreting alpha-fetoprotein and several components of serum proteins together. PMID- 51575 TI - Microheterogeneity of rat alpha-fetoprotein. AB - A purified and homogeneous preparation of rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was separated into two components, AFPa and AFPb, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These two components had a definite difference in electrostatic net charge and gave only a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis. Neuraminidase-treated AFP gave clearly separable, slower moving four to six and finally two components depending on the time of incubation with neuraminidase. The time-dependent conversion of each AFPa and AFPb into slower migrating components upon neuraminidase treatment was confirmed by re-electrophoresis of separated and similarly treated AFPa and AFPb. PMID- 51577 TI - [Drug therapy of malignant tumors of the skin. Bleomycin]. PMID- 51576 TI - Menaquinone (vitamin K2) therapy for bronchial asthma. II. Clinical effect of menaquinone on bronchial asthma. AB - A series of 191 patients with bronchial asthma were treated with menaquinone for not less than one year to investigate the clinical effects of the drug. The clinical effect may be summarized as follows: 1) The therapy with menaquinone only gave an effective rate oo 90.9% (a markedly effective rate of 42.4%) in mild patients, an effective rate of 86.7% (a markedly effective rate of 30.0%) in moderate patients, and effective rate of 72.7% (a markedly effective rate of 27.3%) in severe patients; namely, considerably a high effective rate was attained by the therapy in the respective patients. 2) The therapy with menaquinone, in conjunction with hyposensitization therapy, gave an effective rate of 100% (a markedly effective rate of 33.3%). 3) The double blind study of the clinical effects of menaquinone revealed that placebo used in the study was effective on only 16.7% of the patients treated with it, and that the incidence of recurrence due to withdrawal of meaquinone therapy tended to be low in the patients treated with the drug for a long period of time. PMID- 51580 TI - Ultracytochemistry of the surface coat/pellicle complex in Trypanosoma brucei. AB - Ultracytochemistry of polysaccharides and specific sugar residues reveals differences in the surface staining pattern between developmental forms of Trypanosoma brucei. The techniques used were the PA (periodic acid)-TCH (thiocarbohydrazide)-silver albumose reaction for the polysaccharides, and the Concanavalin A (Con A)-perioxdase-DAB coupling method for specific sugar residues. Blood and metacyclic forms, both possessing a surface coat, stain distinctly for carbohydrates at the level of the pellicular membrane. The external portion of the bloodform coat lacks any positive staining. Pellicles of non-coated culture and vector forms react only faintly for polysaccharides, whereas heavy staining of oxidized peroxidase/DAB reaction product, indicative of sugar bound Con A, occurs. It is suggested that the sugar moieties of the coat glycoproteins are located close to the membrane-coat junction. PMID- 51578 TI - About some possible anti-inflammatory properties of various membrane permeant agents. AB - Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs uncouple mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. They are membrane permeant agents. They also inhibit nucleic acids synthesis in lymphoid cells. Three antibiotics (valinomycin, gramicidin A, alamethicin) and one cyclic polyether (dibenzo-18-crown-6) which are potent membrane permeant agents and good uncouplers are demonstrated to inhibit such a nucleic acids synthesis. This inhibition is largely dependent on the ionic composition of the incubation medium. It is suggested on the basis of some preliminary results that these drugs, which are non-acidic molecules, should be further investigated for potential anti-inflammatory properties. PMID- 51579 TI - Substances that increase the cyclic AMP content prevent platelet aggregation and the concurrent release of pharmacologically active substances evoked by arachidonic acid. AB - Arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by prostaglandins E1 and F2alpha(PGE1 and PGF2alpha), papaverine and dibutyryl cycle AMP. Prostaglandin E2 displayed a biphasic effect, as concentrations below 2 muM potentiated aggregation, whereas concentrations above it were inhibitory. Isoproterenol (up to 10 mM) failed to block aggregation but inhibition was uncovered in presence of adrenergic alpha-blocking agents. Isoproterenol potentiated aggregation due to sub-threshold amounts of arachidonic acid, and this effect, but not that due to PGE2, was suppressed by the alpha-blocking agents. Isoproterenol and PGE2 appear thus to enhance arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation after interacting with different receptor sites. The yield of rabbit aorta contracting activity formed during AA-induced aggregation was markedly reduced by PGE1, dibutyryl cyclic AMP and high concentrations of PGE2, and was increased by low concentrations of the latter. PG-like activity was not significantly reduced when aggregation and generation of rabbit aorta contracting activity were inhibited by bibutyryl cyclic AMP. It is hypothesized that interaction of human platelets and arachidonic acid results in formation of different pharmacologically active materials, possibley bearing similar lipoperoxide structures. Generation of one portion of these materials is controlled by the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, whereas another portion, that comprises the natural PG, is cyclic AMP-independent. Prostaglandins formed during platelet aggregation have a regulatory role and modulate the platelet response, rather than constitute a trigger stimulus for aggregation. PMID- 51582 TI - Television: a teaching tool for deaf students. PMID- 51583 TI - Examining sputum. PMID- 51584 TI - Correlation of blood pressure with skinfold thickness and protein levels. AB - To plan prospective studies of obesity and hypertension, we measured skinfold thickness, weight, blood pressure, and protein fractions in 920 children who were divided according to age, sex, and race. Correlations between measurements were calculated within each of these groups. Children aged 10, 11, and 12 years had direct correlations between diastolic blood pressure and serum albumin level, but inverse correlations between diastolic blood pressure and alpha-globulin level as well as inverse correlations with alpha-globulin level. These correlations did not occur in similar children aged 8, 9, and 10. Although diastolic blood pressure correlated with skinfold thickness in all groups, there was no correlation between skinfold thickness and serum protein levels. PMID- 51581 TI - Salivary secretion in three species of tsetse flies (Glossinidae). AB - The study of the mechanism and process of salivation in tsetse flies is of paramount importance towards a fuller understanding of the transmission of trypanosomiasis and nagana diseases. Gordon, Crewe and Willett (1956) made direct observations, through a microscope, of the haustellum of G. morsitans as it penetrated into the ear of an anesthetised mouse and found that probing was accompanied by a copious but intermittent ejection of saliva from the hypopharynx. The outpouring of the saliva commenced during penetration of the stratum corneum and was maintained throughout probing of the tissues. During engorgement, blood is taken in through the labium while saliva was discharged from the hypopharynx at the same time. Besides this work, very little else seems to have been done on the salivary secretion by tsetse flies especially in relation to the hunger cycle of the fly and to the species of tsetse. These aspects were studied on three important species of tsetse and are reported upon in this paper. PMID- 51586 TI - Letter: R banding. PMID- 51588 TI - Trends in the care and prevention of developmental disabilities. PMID- 51587 TI - Amyloidosis associated with dermatomyositis and features of multiple myeloma. The progression of amyloidosis associated with corticosteroid and cytotoxic drug therapy. AB - Described here is a 59 year old man with dermatomyositis and hypogammaglobulinemia. His muscle power improved after corticosteroid therapy, but extensive amyloidosis and repeated infections appeared. Bone marrow morphology suggested multiple myeloma, but treatment with cytotoxic drugs had no beneficial effect on the amyloidosis. Because of rapid progression of the amyloidosis and further infections, cytotoxic drug therapy was stopped, corticosteroid dosage was decreased, and supplementary immunoglobulin therapy was instituted. The infections occurred less frequently and the amyloidosis appeared to regress. This case suggests that immunosuppressive therapy may exacerbate amyloidosis. The literature is reviewed, and the possible role of humoral immunodeficiency in the pathogenesis of amyloidosis is discussed. It is suggested that supplementary immunoglobulin may be beneficial in amyloidosis. PMID- 51585 TI - Functional implications of differential chromosome banding. AB - Information on DNA content and banding patterns has been utilized in the construction of a novel ideogram of the human complement. Correspondence between certain features of this ideogram and the clinical record of human autosomal imbalance supports the idea that banding patterns reflect structural as well as functional heterogeneity of chromosomes. PMID- 51589 TI - Perivascular and intervascular reticular fibers of the retina. AB - We demonstrated the existence in the retina of an argyrophilic perivascular membrane comparable in all respects to that which exists throughout the vascular system. We compared our findings by light microscopy with those previously reported. We identified, by electron microscopy, the normal general location of the network between the basal laminae of the glial and vessel cells and demonstrated its selective staining with silver methenamine. These perivascular fibers, intercapillary strands, and bridges develop in relation to the process of retinal vascularization and the potential for forming these fibers is reactivated in senility and disease, as in diabetes. We summarized the evidence by concluding that these fibers are most likely composed of reticulin; it appears provable that in the past there may have been some confusion with neural fibers. PMID- 51592 TI - Induced metabolic sequelae of tularemia in the rat: correlation with tissue damage. AB - Serum and liver zinc concentration, amino acid uptake by liver, seromucoid content, and alpha2-macrofetoprotein production were measured in vaccinated as well as nonimmune rats exposed to either virulent (SCHU S4) or attenuated (LVS) strains of Francisella tularensi. It appears that liver damage (pyogranulomatous lesions) must occur before there is any alteration in the above variables. The presence of bacteria in the liver is not of itself sufficient to lead to the onset of systemic, induced metabolic sequelae (IMS). The occurrence of zinc redistribution in all instances of increased serum protein synthesis may imply a necessary relationship between these two sequelae. Amino acid redistribution does not appear to be linked to serum protein synthesis. An endogenous mediator of systemic IMS can be detected in tularemic rats by injection of the serum of these animals into healthy recipients. The occurrence of zinc redistribution and increased serum protein synthesis in some groups of rats in the absence of amino acids uptake by liver, as well as the apparent differential dose responsiveness of these responses, are suggestive of a multiplicity of endogenous mediators. PMID- 51590 TI - Cataracts in bleomycin-treated rats. AB - Bleomycin was administered to 126 normal or human-tumor-bearing baby rats we observed for the development of cataracts. Eighty-four percent of the rats receiving this drug before the age of 10 days developed lens opacities. Bleomycin given to 10-day-old rats or older did not induce cataract formation. The cataracts initially occurred in the nuclear area and later involved most of the lens whether or not bleomycin was later discontinued. The presence of the tunica vasculosa lentis in rats younger than 10 days old may explain why cataracts developed only in these young animals. PMID- 51591 TI - Age-related incidence of sclerotic glomeruli in human kidneys. AB - The incidence of sclerotic glomeruli as a function of age in kidneys from 122 patients without clinical evidence of renal disease or hypertension was estimated by histologic quantitation. Based on statistical analysis of data from this sample, 95% of the normal population up to 40 years of age would be expected to have less than 10% sclerotic glomeruli. After the age of 40 years, the upper limit containing 95% of the normal population exceeds 10% sclerosis, and after the age of 50, there is a broad scatter of observed percentage of sclerotic glomeruli. These findings suggest that, in patients 40 years of age and younger, sclerosis of glomeruli at an incidence greater than 10% is disease-related, while in patients older than 40 years (and particularly those older than 50), there is a transition, and the distinction between abiotrophic involutional sclerosis and disease-related sclerosis becomes less clear. PMID- 51594 TI - Water fluoridation: a survey of the international picture. PMID- 51593 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) monitoring in the management of radiotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic patients. AB - We have measured serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) titers in 122 radiotherapy and 52 chemotherapy patients, randomly selected from the patient population of a Radiotherapeutic and a Cancer Chemotherapy Clinic, and correlated with the clinical and follow-up evaluation. Seventy-eight the radiotherapeutic patients had detectable CEA levels which represents the majority of these proven cancer patients. In this group, 57 patients (73 per cent) showed correlation between the curves of CEA response and clinical evaluation diseases activity in the radiotherapy group. Thirty-one of 52, or 60 per cent of patients of the chemotherapy group showed correlation between CEA and clinical response. These data indicate that CEA serum levels parallel, in general, clinical tumor reponse. PMID- 51595 TI - A new stain for copper-protein complexes: its use with crustacean hemocyanins. PMID- 51596 TI - Improved zymographic detection of bovine acrosin. PMID- 51597 TI - [Ductus thoracicus drainage in man. Changes of the lymph cells and protein fractions]. AB - 1. During thoracic duct drainage a significant decrease of serum beta- and gammaglobulins can be found. 2. The withdrawn lymphprotein can be sufficiently substituted by human serum albumin. 3. The number of small lymphocytes decreases significantly during thoracic duct drainage, while the number of large lymphocytes and lymphoid cells increases. 4. The drainage of thoracic duct in humans is a highly immuno-suppressive procedure without major risks. PMID- 51598 TI - Three-dimensional structure of the actinomycins. PMID- 51599 TI - Mechanism of respiratory injury by TDI (toluene disocyanate). AB - The pharmacological action of TDI (toluene-diisocyanate) has been measured in vitro, using peripheral leukocytes of human blood. In this system TDI does not release histamine but it appears to contribute to the action of histamine and other mediators by moderating the beta-adrenergic function. Like propranolol TDI reduces the CAMP (cyclic AMP) stimulation produced by cathecolamines. However it differs from propranolol through its inhibition of the glucagon effect on CAMP (which propranolol does not possess) and also by inhibiting antigenic release of histamine. PMID- 51600 TI - Arrhythmias in dogs associated with epinephrine and thiamylal anesthesia. AB - Sinus tachycardia bigeminy, ventricular rhythm, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation are produced by relatively small intravenous doses of epinephrine in nonanesthetized dogs and in dogs anesthetized with thiamylal sodium. Origin of the abnormal beat in coupled bigeminal rhythms generated from the bundle o of His or above. Increases in arterial blood pressure may predispose to arrhythmia formation during thiamylal anesthesia. PMID- 51601 TI - Preparation of monospecific antiserums against porcine immunoglobulins, using agarose-linked immunosorbents. AB - Immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM were isolated from porcine serum and milk, and antiserums against the 3 immunoglobulin classes were prepared. Monospecificity of the antiserums for the gamma-, alpha-, and mu-chains was obtained by absorbing them in agarose-linked immunosorbent columns. These immunosorbents were prepared by linking IgG or IgA-IgM to CNBr-activated agarose. Contaminating anti-alpha2 macroglobulin antibodies in the anti-IgA and anti-IgM serums were removed with agarose-linked fetal globulins. PMID- 51603 TI - Macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity: its possible role in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The association of macrophages with destructive processes in transplantation and tumoral, bacterial, and protozoan immunity illustrates their versatility in different situations. Their participation in inflammatory responses, including graft rejection and rheumatoid arthritis, would guarantee focal areas of high concentrations of hydrolytic enzymes and other macrophage products. That erosion of synovial tissue occurs in the presence of enzymes known to be associated with macrophages suggests that the large numbers of infiltrating macrophages and destruction of synovial tissue may be related. PMID- 51602 TI - Connective tissue-degrading enzymes of human leukocytes. AB - Human leukocytes, when exposed to aggregated human gamma-globulin (AHGG) or immune complexes (isolated from RA synovial fluid) fixed to a cartilagenous surface, release neutral proteases that degrade the extracellular matrix of cartilage. The chondromucoprotein destruction by these proteases is suppressed by a variety of synovial fluids but is not susceptible to inhibition by trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase inhibitors, or a combination of these agents. The inhibitory effect of synovial fluid can be reversed in the presence of increasing enzyme concentrations. Intact viable human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the presence of AHGG also release a collagenase precursor that can be activated by limited proteolysis with trypsin or RA synovial fluids. Enzyme release (neutral proteases) by phagocytosing cells is inhibited by the antiinflammatory agents phenylbutazone and colchicine; these agents do not affect release of the collagenase precursor. However, the latent collagenase release is susceptible to inhibition when leukocytes are preincubated (prior to exposure to AHGG) with inhibitors of protein synthesis. Under these conditions, neutral protease release is unaffected. PMID- 51604 TI - Alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha2-macroglobulin. Interactions with human neutrophil collagenase and elastase. PMID- 51605 TI - Intermediate complexes formed by self-association of IgG-rheumatoid factors. PMID- 51606 TI - Clinical pathology of synovial fluid. AB - Examination of synovial fluid should be performed in a systematic manner so as to derive the maximum of information. Synovial fluids should be divided into (1) non inflammatory, (2) inflammatory, (3) purulent and (4) hemorrhagic types. In addition to general description, analysis should include mucin clot test, fibrin clog formation, microscopic examination for cell count and differential cell count, microscopic examination for crystals of gout and pseudogout and microgiological examination. Chemical examination should include estimation of glucose and uric acid. Immunochemical examination may include determination of immunoglobulins, antinuclear factor and LE factor. PMID- 51607 TI - [Actinoreticulosis occuring during a late skin porphyria: optic and ultrastructural study of a case (presence of Langerhans granules in the histiocytes of the infiltrate]. PMID- 51608 TI - Increase of melanocytes around malignant melanoma. AB - In split epidermal sheets with clinically normal appearance a quantitative study was carried out on dopa-positive cells in the vicinity of malignant melanomas. These data were then compared with the number of melanocytes found in the skin of the contralateral body side of the same patient. In the epidermis around superficial spreading melanoma and lentigo maligna melanoma, the number of dopa positive cells was usually significantly higher than in the contralateral body side. On the other hand, no difference was generally found around nodular melanoma. PMID- 51609 TI - Surgical treatment of ventricular arrhythmias using epicardial, transmural, and endocardial mapping. AB - In 3 patients with ischemic coronary disease or primary myocardiopathy who were unresponsive to conventional and experimental antiarrhythmia therapy, surgical treatment of intractable ventricular tachycardia was performed using epicardial, transmural, and endocardial mapping techniques. An experimental canine model of acute and chronic myocardial ischemia with recurrent ventricular tachycardia was developed to refine the mapping technique for clinical use. In patients and animals alike, atrial overdrive pause pacing, premature ventricular pacing, or both were used to bring outa repeatable pattern of tachycardia. Mapping techniques distinguished the irritable focus so that surgical excision of the site of earliest activation could be performed. In addition, the mapping techniques were used in the validation following excision. The limitations of epicardial mapping alone in locating all areas of premature focus are discussed, and the need for mapping in ventricular aneurysm is demonstrated. PMID- 51610 TI - Portable electrocardiographic monitoring: performance in patients with short P-R intervals without delta waves. AB - Twenty-four-hour continuous protable tape-recorded electrocardiograms were obtained in 24 patients with short P-R intervals without delta waves. Atrial premature beats were noted in 15 patients (62%), paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) in 5 (21%), ventricular premature beats in 14 (58%), and noticeable ventricular arrhythmia in 5 (21%). All episodes of PSVT reflected either unifocal or multifocal atrial ectopic firing. Atrioventricular nodal reentrant PSVT was not observed. Electrocardiographic correlation of symptoms with arrhythmias was not striking. In 21 of the patients, the P-R interval remained short constant through the 24-hour recording period. Patients with a short P-R interval without delta waves have frequent arrhythmias involving multiple areas of the conduction system. The presence of an accessory atrioventricular connection (James tract) would not explain the arrhythmias recorded in these patients. PMID- 51611 TI - Serum level of pregnancy associated alpha2-globulin in patients with spontaneous abortions. AB - Pregnancy associated alpha2-globulin serum levels have been measured in abortion cases. In cases of incomplete abortion with placental destruction and missed abortion this alpha2-globulin level significantly decreased, but no changes could be found when the placenta remained intact. The prognostic value of this pregnancy protein is discussed. PMID- 51612 TI - [Synthesis of potential metabolites of 2-amino N-beta-hydroxy-2,5 dimethoxyphenethyl)-acetamide (midodrine) (author's transl)]. PMID- 51613 TI - Coming of age: puberty. PMID- 51614 TI - Studies of the thyroid function in children with Down's syndrome. AB - The thyroid function (T-3 triiodothyronine; T-4 tetraiodothyronine and the captation of the I131 through the thyroid, in 2 and 24 hours after the intake of isotope radium), was studied in patients with Down's syndrome and the results being compared to those obtained from the respective siblings, all clinically normal. The comparative results showed no significant differences, except in the 2 hours captation of the I131 through the thyroid (P smaller than 0.01). The findings suggest that the hypothalamus-hypophysary or the response of the thyroid gland would be slow, but compensated when analyzed after 24 hours. PMID- 51615 TI - Angioneurotic edema. A review of modern concepts. AB - We review the subject of angioneurotic edema with special emphasis on the more clearly defined entity of hereditary angioneurotic edema. The clinical presentations of the various forms of angioneurotic edema are discussed. Attention is directed toward the attempts that have been made to define this group of diseases in terms of their underlying biochemical mechanisms. A simplified schema of the serum complement system is presented. We conclude that only after we understand such biochemical interactions will we able to effect a more definitive form of therapy for the angioneurotic edemas. PMID- 51616 TI - Antigen-dependent B-lymphocyte differentiation. A comparison of the electrophoretic mobilities of AFC-progenitors, induced AFC and background AFC specific for several antigens. PMID- 51617 TI - Proerdin and recurrent macroscopic haematuria. AB - Kidney biopsies from ten children with recurrent macroscopic haematuria, showed mesangial deposition of IgG, IgA and complement. Eight of these ten biopsies also showed disposition of properdin, a basic euglobulin intimately involved in the alternate pathway of complement activation. Serum haemolytic complement activity was normal in the eight patients tested. Incubation of the serum at 4 degrees C for 24 dours did not result in any change in complement activity. Theses data suggest that the mesangial inflammatory process in these patients may be medicated in part by the alternate pathway of complement activation and that the mechanism is activated locally. PMID- 51618 TI - An evaluation of a new ECG monitor which detects and classifies ventricular extrasystoles. AB - A device is described which is highly efficient in detecting and classifying ventricular ectopic beats. This instrument may have a significant role in patient monitoring. The system is based on analysis of a 5 electrode orthogonal system with comparison of QRS wave forms with a stored normal wave form. The design was based on a test derived from 26 patients and evaluated further on long recordings of 16 other patients. Results indicate that the device is highly reliable in QRS detection and in detection of ventricular ectopic beats. The problem of artefacts due mainly to patient movement is held within resonable limits. PMID- 51619 TI - Primary liver cancer (angiography and scintigraphy). PMID- 51620 TI - The foamy viruses. PMID- 51621 TI - Characterization of murine sarcoma virus transformation of guinea pig cells and activation of an RNA tumor-like virus from nonproducer guinea pig cells. AB - Guinea pig embryo (GEP) cells were transformed in vitro by the Kirsten strain of mouse sarcoma virus (Ki-MSV). The transformed cells were found to release infectious virus continuously and produced high titers of group-specific (gs) complement-fixing (CF) antigen characteristics of the murine sarcoma-leukemia virus complex. Foci of transformed cells were similar in appearance to those obtained with Ki-MSV in mouse and rat cells. The transformed cells produced RNA dependent DNA polymerase and type C virus particles with a density of approximately 1.15 g/ml in sucrose gradients by 3H-uridine labeling. The transformed cells produced tumors when transplanted into newborn guinea pigs. A number of focus-derived clonal lines from Ki-MSV transformed cells were isolated and characterized. All the focus-derived lines were found to be either producers or nonproducers (NP). The NP guinea pig cells produced neither infectious virus nor viral antigens of the murine sarcoma-leukemia virus complex although they were morphologically indistinguishable from virus-releasing MSV transformed GPE lines and produced tumors when transplanted into newborn guinea pigs. However, the sarcoma virus genome could be rescued in these NP cells by cocultivation with "helper" murine leukemia virus (MuLV) releasing GPE cells. Particles resembling guinea pig leukemia virus were activated from guinea pig NP cells or cultured normal guinea pig cells following chemical treatment. These particles were approximately 100 nm in the mature form and had a density of 1.16-1.17 g/ml. They contained RNA dependent DNA polymerase activity. PMID- 51623 TI - Erythroid "differentiation" of Friend cells. PMID- 51622 TI - Progress in the chemotherapy of hematologic diseases. AB - Progress in the chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease and experimental therapeutic, pharmacologic, and clinical studies of the antitumor antibiotic, adriamycin, are presented in this abstract. In patients with disseminated Hodgkin's disease, the combination chemotherapy program (MOPP) produces a significant increase in the complete remission rate. This has been increased to 90% by the addition of low dose bleomycin to the MOPP program. The continuation of MOPP treatment beyond 6 months and to a total of 24 months provides improved results in patients in remission as measured either from time of onset of complete remission or from end of treatment. Finally, the pattern of relapse in patients with Hodgkin's disease provides a rationale basis for the selective use of radiotherapy in patients in complete remission. Adriamycin has a broad spectrum of antitumor activity in man. Its mechanism of action involves intercalation with DNA and inhibition of DNA function. The selective effect against tumors is not understood but may relate to membrane transport. Adriamycin is a highly important new antitumor agent for the treatment, not only of hematologic malignancies, but for a variety of solid tumors as well. PMID- 51624 TI - Possible cellular events in leukemia. AB - An immunologically unresponsive state induced in experimental animals can be modulated by a number of procedures. Such modulation can result in the termination of the unresponsive state if there exists a normal complement of immunocompetent B cells in the presence of unresponsive T cells. It is possible to bypass the T cells and activate the B cells to respond to otherwise tolerated antigens. The bypass results from supplying a second (nonspecific) signal to the B cells, which, in the presence of antigen (specific signal), permits the B cell to differentiate. The role of the T and B cells and their activation and/or inactivation in the fate of both leukemic cells and oncogenic viruses is discussed. PMID- 51625 TI - Lymphomas and immunological tolerance in the rat induced by murine leukemia viruses. AB - Several lines of Friend, Gross, and Rauscher virus-induced rat tumors were able to grow only in Friend, Gross, and Rauscher virus-tolerant rats that had received injections of each of these viruses at birth. When the tumors were transplanted into the virus-tolerant rats that had received injections of the other types of murine leukemia virus (MuLV), they grew initially and then regressed. Tumors did not grow in normal rats. The same is true in the methylcholanthrene-induced tumors that had been infected with MuLVs. It was deduced from these results that the transplantation antigen of tumor cells that were induced by infection with Friend, Gross, and Rauscher viruses may contain an antigen common to all three viruses and also an antigen that is individually specific, and that the host's immunological tolerance (induced by the neonatal injection of either Friend, Gross, or Rauscher virus) may consist of the tolerance common to all three viruses and, also, of the tolerance that is individually specific. PMID- 51626 TI - Sequences related to the RNA tumor viruses in the RNA and DNA of human leukemias and lymphomas. AB - DNA-RNA hybridization was used to explore whether human neoplasias contain RNA molecules having sequence homologies to those of the RNA tumor viruses known to cause similar diseases in animals. The pattern of specific RNAs found in the human tumors showed a remarkable concordance with the predictions deducible from the animal systems. Thus human breast cancer contains RNA homologous only to that of the murine mammary tumor virus (MMTV). Human leukemias, sarcomas, and lymphomas (including Hodgkin's and Burkitt's) all contain RNA with sequence homology to the murine leukemia virus (RLV) and not to MMTV RNA. Finally, as in the case of the mouse, none of the human tumors examined contain RNA related in sequence to that of the avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV). The RNA detected in all of the human neoplasias was demonstrated to be of high molecular weight (1 times 10(7) daltons) and encapsulated with a reverse transcriptase in particles having densities between 1.16-1.19 g/ml. Further, the RNA of these human tumor particles was related in sequence to the murine viruses that cause the corresponding neoplasias in mice. Thus, 4 features diagnostic for the murine oncogenic viruses are satisfied by the particles found in the human cancers. Finally, it was shown by "recycling" experiments that the DNA from human leukemic cells and from lymphomatous tissue contained particle-related sequences that could not be detected in normal DNA. This finding was further substantiated by studies with identical twins in which it was shown that the leukemic twin contained particle related sequences that could not be detected in the leukocytes of his identical healthy sibling. These findings are inconsistent with hypotheses that require chromosomal transmission in the germ line of complete copies of the information required to produce malignancy and the associated virus particles. PMID- 51627 TI - Transplantability, immunological unresponsiveness, and loss of cellular antigenicity in gross virus lymphoma. AB - The capacity for syngeneic transplantation of rat lymphoma cells, originally induced by Gross lymphoma virus (GLV), was correlated with the expression of GLV associated antigens by these cells. It was found that lymphoma cells that replicate GLV and display membrane and cytoplasmic GLV-associated antigens are consistently rejected when transplanted into syngeneic recipients. By contrast, lymphoma cells derived from the same parental cell line and morphologically indistinguishable, that have lost both surface and cytoplasmic antigenic expression were accepted and grew progressively at primary and metastatic sites. In further experiments, a long-lasting state of specific immunologic unresponsiveness was induced by administration of soluble GLV-associated antigens to newborn rats. These rats were later grafted with GLV-induced lymphoma cells that were positive for both membrane and cytoplasmic antigens. The rats conditioned at birth accepted the grafts which grew progressively, in contrast to normal controls which rejected them consistently. However, the grafted lymphoma cells showed progressive loss of antigenic determinants, and became serially transplantable in normal adult non conditioned rats. The membrane antigens were first to disappear from the grafted lymphoma cells, followed by the internal cytoplasmic antigens in further transplant generations. The transplantability of these cells increased accordingly. Titers of anti-GLV sera in tumor-bearing rats remained high even after surface antigens of lymphoma cells were no longer detected, but decreased to baseline levels after the internal antigens had been similarly lost. PMID- 51628 TI - Studies on the prevalence of type C virus associated with gibbon hematopoietic neoplasms. AB - Gibbon malignancy frequently involves the hematopoietic system and can occur in clusters. Virus isolated from gibbon neoplasms possessed typical type C virus morphology, and the virion measured 100 nm in diameter with an electron-dense nucleoid measuring approximately 75 nm. The virus incorporated 3H-uridine into the nucleic acid and rested at a buoyant density of 1.14-1.16 g/cm3. Intra-and interspecific antigenic determinants were present, and the intraspecific antigenic determinant was shared with the woolly monkey sarcoma virus but not with feline or murine type C viruses. The virus and antibody reactive to the virus are more prevalent in gibbon groups that experience leukemia than those free of hematopoietic neoplasms. PMID- 51629 TI - Virus retrieval studies in human neoplasia. AB - Short- and long-term co-cultures of 49 cases of human osteosarcoma cells with bone marrow or peripheral blood cells of patients with different types of leukemia were studied. Morphological changes were observed in 7 of 13 long-term co-cultures resembling those induced by RNA tumor viruses. The changes were accompanied by appearance of cytoplasmic antigen as shown by fixed immunofluorescence test with sera from patients with osteosarcoma, leukemia, and of some apparently normal blood donors. Absorption with Forssman-like substances, whole human embryo cells or osteosarcoma cells demonstrated the reaction to be due to tumor antigen(s) in co-culture cells showing morphological changes. Electron microscopy showed a few type C virus particles in one co-culture. Cell free filtrates of fluid from the transformed co-cultures induced morphological changes in 1 of 4 human embryo cultures. Uninoculated embryo cultures or those inoculated with filtrates from parental sarcoma or leukemia cultures showed no morphological changes. Human embryo cell cultures treated with fluid from parental leukemic bone marrow but not from parental sarcoma cultures showed appearance of cytoplasmic antigen by immunofluorescence test with sera of osteosarcoma and leukemia patients and of some apparently normal blood donors. Transformed human co-cultures showed the cytoplasmic antigen with 28 of 48 sera of osteosarcoma and leukemia patients tested, after absorption with Forssman-like material, human embryo, and mycoplasma suspensions. Fourteen of 49 sera of normal donors were also positive with the transformed co-cultures. Similar results were obtained in an earlier series of experiments with human embryonic cultures transformed by fluid from different osteosarcoma-leukemia co-cultures when examined by fixed immunofluorescence tests with sera of patients with osteosarcoma and leukemia. In 2 whole human embryo cell cultures showing morphological changes high molecular weight RNA was found, similar to that of RNA animal tumor viruses and in one of the cultures transient reverse transcriptase was detected. PMID- 51630 TI - Detection and characterization of RNA tumor virus-specific DNA in cells. AB - RNA tumor virus-specific DNA in cells can be detected by its capacity to 1) alter the reassociation kinetics of labeled double-stranded product of viral RNA directed DNA polymerase; 2) anneal single-stranded DNA (cDNA) synthesized by viral polymerase; or 3) hybridize labeled viral 70S (genomic) RNA. Duplexes formed with these procedures can be analyzed for fidelity of base pairing, and the integration of viral DNA into the host genome can be established with a simple but stringent technique. We illustrate this methodology as applied to detection of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-specific DNA in XC cells and of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-specific DNA in murine and human tissues. PMID- 51631 TI - An endogenous oncornavirus of guinea pigs: its expression in leukemic cells. AB - Guinea pigs do not have any known infectious oncornaviruses. We have recently activated an endogenous oncornavirus (GPV) from cultured guinea pig cells after bromodeoxyuridine riboside (BUdR) treatment. GPV is noninfectious for guinea pig cells and is inducible from any guinea pig cell in culture. Although the morphogenesis of the activated virus is unique, it has the morphology and density (1.16 g/ml) of type C oncornaviruses. It contains an oncornavirus specific reverse transcriptase and a high molecular weight RNA (70S) which dissociates into 36S following denaturation. GPV contains 5 major protein components (mol. wt. 95,000 to 16,000 daltons), 2 of which are glycoproteins. The viral genome which remains repressed in normal cells is expressed in leukemic guinea pig cells. These leukemic cells contain particles which have the morphological and biochemical characteristics of BUdR activated endogenous viruses. Unlike the cells transformed by infectious oncornaviruses, the leukemic cells contain the same amount of virus specific DNA present in normal cells. PMID- 51632 TI - Biochemical approaches to detection of viral related information in human acute leukemic cells. AB - Two biochemical markers that have been utilized for the detection of viral related information in human acute leukemic cells are: 1) The reverse transcriptase and 2) a high molecular weight RNA with viral related nucleotide sequences. This paper summarizes evidence that shows that the reverse transcriptase isolated from human acute leukemic cells is biochemically related to the reverse transcriptase from RNA tumor viruses. PMID- 51633 TI - Evidence for an RNA tumor viruses in human milk. AB - Certain human milks have been shown to contain particles that have the biochemical and biophysical properties that are diagnostic of the known RNA tumor viruses of animals. These properties include 1) a particle density of 1.16-1.19 g/ml 2) a viral reverse transcriptase (RNA-directed DNA polymerase), and 3) a high molecular weight (HMW) 60-70S RNA that contains polyadenylic regions of 200 nucleotides in length. Inner cores, or nucleoids, of these particles have been isolated. They have a density of 1.26-1.27 g/ml and contain the viral reverse transcriptase and 60-70S RNA. Using molecular hybridization, a specific homology was demonstrated between radioactive DNA synthesized from the RNA of the human milk particle and the RNA from human malignant breast tumors. RNA from benign breast tumors and other human tissues were negative in these tests. PMID- 51634 TI - Morphological, chemical, and antigenic organization of mammalian C-type viruses. AB - New features in the architecture of mammalian type C viruses, in particular knoblike surface projections and hexagonally arranged subunits on the core shell could be demonstrated by electron microscopy, taking advantage of newly developed preparation techniques. As examples, murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) and newly isolated porcine and bovine C viruses are presented. The major proteins of a MuLV were isolated and partially characterized in chemical terms and with respect to their serological and other biological activities, such as interfering and hemagglutinating (HA) capacity. Most of the characterized proteins could be localized in particular substructures of the virion either by selective removal or isolation of electron microscopically identifiable constituents. The information obtained allowed the design of a more detailed model of mammalian C viruses. Special attention was devoted to the further characterization of interspecies antigens of mammalian C viruses. Different antigenic determinants were revealed. Their distribution allows further subgrouping of mammalian C viruses. PMID- 51636 TI - Evolutionary nature of human reverse transcriptase and of viral-related DNA synthesized in vitro by human leukemic cells. AB - The reverse transcriptase and endogenous DNA product synthesized by virus-like particles in the cytoplasm of human leukemic cells have been studied for their genetic relatedness to homologous components obtained from several animal RNA tumor viruses. The human reverse transcriptase activity was inhibited by antibodies prepared against reverse transcriptase from some animal RNA tumor viruses. The DNA molecules synthesized endogenously by the human cytoplasmic particle in the presence of actinomycin D, using the reverse transcriptase enzyme and RNA template residing in the particle, hybridized to 70S RNA purified from certain animal RNA tumor viruses. Both the human reverse transcriptase and DNA product are closely related to homologues from primate type-C viruses, more distantly related to those from murine type-C viruses, and essentially unrelated to similar structures from feline or avian type-C viruses. They are not related to type-B RNA tumor viruses. The results demonstrate that the components from the human leukemic cells are viral (type-C) and primate in nature. PMID- 51635 TI - Transcription of the Rous sarcoma virus genome in vitro and in vivo. AB - RNA-directed DNA synthesis by detergent-disrupted virions of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) initiates by the covalent attachment of pdA to the 3'-terminal rA of a 4S RNA hydrogen-bonded to the 70S RNA template. This 4S "primer" has structural features of tRNA and can be aminoacylated with methionine. Synthesis and integration of provirus DNA can be monitored in both permissive (duck) and nonpermissive (mouse) cells acutely infected with RSV. The results of these studies, as well as data obtained with RSV-infected mammalian cells which have reverted from a transformed to a pheno-typically normal state, indicate that integration of viral genes into the host chromosome is not sufficient cause for transformation. Pertinent features of virus-specific RNA-directed DNA synthesis in vitro and in vivo are reviewed and compared. PMID- 51637 TI - Further studies on the antigenic properties and distribution of the putative bovine leukemia virus. AB - The C-type viruses found in long-term cultures. New Bolton Center (NBC) cell lines, of peripheral lymphocytes from leukemic cattle and in short-term cultures of bovine buffy coat(BC) cells share an immunofluorescent(IF)antigen detected in the cytoplasm of infected cells as well as an antigen demonstrable in gel diffusion experiments. Therefore the viruses from these cultures most likely represent different isolates of the putative bovine leukemia virus (BLV). The BLV precipitin antigen is analogous to the group specific (gs) antigens of the leukemia viruses of other species in that it is soluble, ether resistant, and apparently located within the virion. These observations, together with results showing that the specificity of the BLV precipitin antigen differs from that of the gs antigen of other mammalian leukemia viruses, indicate that the former antigen represents the intraspecies (gs-1) determinant of BLV. Antibodies to the precipitin viral antigen were found in 82% of cattle with leukemia and in 40% of clinically normal adult cattle in multiple-case herds. These groups of animals also had fluorescent antibodies to the virus, but with significantly higher frequencies (100% and 76%, respectively). On the other hand, in leukemia-free herds, precipitating antibodies were not found and the incidence of fluorescent antibodies was only 3%. PMID- 51638 TI - ESP-1 helper virus: characterization of type-specific envelope specificities distinct from those of the murine leukemia viruses. PMID- 51639 TI - Comparison of drug effects on RNA tumor viruses and on transformed cells. AB - Attempts to develop in vitro methods to test inhibitors for replication of C-type RNA tumor virus are made at two levels of the life cycle of the virus: 1) Formation of the proviral DNA, and 2) transcription and processing of viral RNA. Compounds such as rifamycin derivatives were found to be effective in interfering with the first process and compounds such as cordycepin, a nucleoside analogue, blocked effectively the second process. On the other hand, a class of known anti tumor agents, glucocorticoids, was found to stimulate (10 fold or more) the induction of C-type virus following 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuride (IDU) treatment of murine cells. This is an intriguing example of a multi-focal action of an anti tumor agent. We are exploring the implication of this for relapse or retransformation following successful chemotherapy in leukemic mice. Attempts are being made to develop an in vitro animal cell model for quantitative cytotoxic assays for compounds active in the above system and for comparing their effects on both normal and virus transformed cells. PMID- 51640 TI - Inhibitory effects of superoxide dismutases and various other proteins on the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by phagocytizing guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 51641 TI - Transfection of XC plaques with DNA from murine leukemia virus producer cells. PMID- 51642 TI - [Effects of amantadine on heart and circulation]. AB - The effect of amantadine-hydrochloride on heart and circulation is studied in 7 anesthetized, otherwise normal dogs with a mean body weight of 27.2 kg and in 8 heart-lung preparations of dogs. Arterial blood pressure, right atrial pressure, cardiac output and heart rate are measured and continuously monitored. Stroke volume and peripheral resistance are calculated. Left ventricular peak- and enddiastolic pressure, the rate of rise of intraventricular pressure and t-dp/dt are additionally measured in the heart-lung-preparations. Below 3 mg with kg(-1) in anesthetized dogs and 10 mg in the heart-lung preparation, respectively, a positive inotropic effect of amantadine is observed. This effect is caused by a liberation of catecholamines. Higher dosage of amantadine decreases cardiac contractility significantly. Therefore the negative inotropic influence of the drug itself has to be distinguished from the indirect sympathomimetic effect resulting from local release of myocardial catecholamines. Cardiac arrhythmias which occur in several experiments, can mostly be eliminated with propranolol or other drugs like lidocaine or sparteinsulphate. PMID- 51644 TI - A teaching aid in radiological interpretation. PMID- 51643 TI - [Immunochemistry of the surface antigens of E. coli]. PMID- 51645 TI - Impact of educational technology on dental instruction. PMID- 51646 TI - Detoxication--an evaluation. PMID- 51647 TI - Analysis of inhibition of lymphocyte cytotoxicity in human colon carcinoma. AB - Serum inhibition of autochthonous lymphocyte cytotoxicity for tumour cells has been studied in 112 cases of colonic carcinoma. Addition of patient's serum to the lymphocyte tumour cell reaction mixture resulted in decreased cytotoxic reactivity of lymphocytes from 8 of 39 cytotoxic positive cases. It was also shown that sera could inhibit if separately preincubated with the lymphocytes (4 cases) or the target cells (2 cases). A tumour antigen preparation inhibited only when incubated with the lymphocytes. Inhibition by serum or antigen appeared to be specific for colon carcinoma. Four cases were specially studied to determine the mode of lymphocyte killing of tumour cells: in 3 it was mediated largely if not entirely by T lymphocytes, and in the fourth by both T and non-T cells. The findings support the view that T lymphocytes lose their anti-tumour reactivity in vivo in the presence of circulating antigen or antigen-antibody complexes such as would occur with progressive tumour growth. PMID- 51648 TI - Long-spacing collagen in skin biopsies from patients with lepromatous leprosy. AB - In the course fo evaluating the effect of different drugs on the morphology of Mycobacterium leprae (Edwards, Draper & Draper, 1972) and on the phagocytic cells containing these organisms (Edwards, 1973), an unusual feature was observed in the dermal connective tissue of skin biopsies obtained from some of the patients. Variable amounts of an extracellular, cross-striated osmiophilic material were present in the dermis. The purpose of this communication is to describe the banded substance observed in the extracellular space of the lepromatous skin and to compare it briefly with similar substances and structures reported to occur elsewhere. PMID- 51649 TI - Preparation and characterisation of ribonuclease from human hypertrophic prostate gland (RNAase P2). AB - An endo-type, cyclising, 3'-phosphate-forming rebonuclease was purified to homogeneity from a water/Tween 80 extract of human hypertrophic prostate gland. The enzyme is acid- and heat- resistant and is optimally active at pH 7.0, 0.1 M NaCl. Molecular weight determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 and sucrose density gradient centrifugation gave a mean value of 15 000. The prostatic ribonuclease is inhibited by Cu2+, bromoacetate and photooxidation in the presence of methylene blue. Other divalent ions, EDTA and p-chloromercuribenzoate have no influence on the enzymic activity. Prostatic RNase resembles RNase A in that it preferentially cleaves linkages in RNA after pyrimidine nucleotides to produce oligonucleotides terminated in cyclic 2',3' phosphate. The enzyme is inactive with poly(A) - poly(U) as substrate. Poly(U) is hydrolyzed four times as fast as poly(C), and 1.2 times as fast as RNA. PMID- 51650 TI - Affinity chromatography of galactose containing biopolymers using covalently coupled Ricinus communis lectin to Sepharose 4B. AB - A galactose-specific lectin isolated from Ricinus communis beans has been covalently coupled to Sepharose 4B activated with cyanogen bromide. The immobilized lectin retains its polysaccharide-binding property. The Sepharose lectin can be used for the purification of polysaccharides containing terminal nonreducing galactose. Only a small fraction of 'native fetuin' and 'native ceruloplasmin' are retarded on Sepharose-lectin. On analysis it was observed that they had a lower content of sialic acids as compared to the native and unbound glycoproteins (sialated fractions). However, on desialation, fetuin and ceruloplasmin were completely adsorbed to Sepharose-lectin. The asialoglycoproteins interact strongly with Sepharose-lectin as compared to 'partially sialated glycoproteins'. This has been attributed to the exposure of galactose residues of these glycoproteins on enzymatic desialation. These experiments demonstrated that Sepharose-lectin interacts with glycoproteins through their terminal, non-reducing galactose. On the basis of these experiments it is suggested that Sepharose-lectin can be used as an analytical tool for separation of 'fully sialated glycoproteins' from the 'partially sialated glycoproteins'. PMID- 51651 TI - Solution behavior, circular dichroism and 22 HMz PMR studies of the bovine myelin basic protein. AB - Bovine myelin basic protein has been investigated with regard to its solution behavior, circular dichroism and 220 MHz PMR spectral properties. At pH 4.8 gamma/2=0.1 acetate buffer, light scattering yielded a Mr of 17 700 and a virial coefficient of 1.0-10(-4) mol-ml/g2. Above pH 7.0 the protein was found to aggregate to higher mol. wt species. Sedimentation experiments at pH 4.8 yielded s degrees 20,w of 1.27 S at gamma/2=0.1 and 1.46 S at gamma/2=0.35. The diffusion coefficient determined from ultracentrifugal experiments was 7.25-10(-7) cm2/s at gamma/2=0.1 and 0.35. The value of f/f0 from diffusion at pH 4.8 and gamma/2=0.35 was 1.64, corresponding to an axial ratio of 11 to 1. The radius of gyration was calculated as 4.28 nm and the root mean square end to end distance was 10.5 nm. At pH 9.0, gamma/2=0.1, s degrees 20,w was 1.71 S and D degrees 20,w was estimated at 7.4-10(-7) cm2/s. The behavior at pH 9.0 reverted to the behavior at pH 4.8 when the pH was readjusted. The E1%/1cm=5.64 at 276.4 nm and 225 at 196 nm. Titration of the protein with trifluoroethanol elicited three distinct regions of conformation stability having increasing helical content as the mol fraction of trifluoroethanol increased. The results of the present study have permitted some comparison of analogous properties and conformational behavior with the basic membrane protein cytochrome c. PMID- 51652 TI - Consecutive cytochemical staining for the analysis of the blastic population in the acute phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - Blastic crisis in chronic myeloid leukemia is characterized by several cytological alterations which may represent some abortive attempts to differentiate along various cell lines as a consequence of a maturation defect of the myelopoietic cells. These changes of the hematological picture are associated with alterations of the karyotype and with cytochemical abnormalities of the blast cells, possibly related to their metabolic anomalies. In this regard 14 patients with blastic crisis were investigated to achieve an evaluation of the composition of the cell population during the acute phase. A sequence of three cytochemical reactions applied consecutively on the same slide (alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase + AS D-chloro-acetate esterase + PAS) proved to be useful for the detection of differently oriented blast cells. During the acute phase of chronic myeloid leukemia only about one half of the blast cells were expressing granuloblastic differentiation. The data may be important for some clinical and prognostic factors, since the heterogeneity of the blastic population may be associated with a particular resistance to therapy. PMID- 51653 TI - Molecular visualization of pectin and DNA by ruthenium red. PMID- 51654 TI - Fluorescent labeling of human platelets. AB - Noncovalently bound fluorescent probes have been used to study changes in the platelet which may occur during platelet aggregation. Platelets were exposed to either N-phenyl-naphthylamine (NPN) or 8-anilino-1-naphthalene-sulfonic acid (ANS). Both dyes were bound by the platelet, and platelet aggregation by collagen or thrombin was unaffected by the presence of the label. No change in fluorescence intensity or wavelength of maximum intensity was observed during platelet aggregation. PMID- 51655 TI - Deoxycytidine kinase: properties of the enzyme from human leukemic granulocytes. AB - Deoxycytidine kinase, which phosphorylates deoxycytidine (CdR) and its analog, cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), has been purified 71-fold from human leukemic cells. Biochemical properties of the partially purified enzyme included a molecular weight of 68,000, Kms of 7.8 muM for CdR and 25.6 muM for ara-C, and optimal activity with ATP and GTP as phosphate donors. Ara-C phosphorylation was strongly inhibited by CdR (Ki = 0.17 muM) and dCTP (Ki = 7.3 muM) and was weakly inhibited by ara-CTP (Ki = 0.13 mM). Purification by calcium phosphate gel elution and DEAE chromatography effectively separated this enzyme from cytidine deaminase, which deaminates both CdR and ara-C, and from uridine-cytidine kinase, the enzyme which phosphorylates 5-azacytidine. CdR kinase activity was found to decrease and cytidine deaminase to increase with maturation of normal and leukemic granulocytes. Myeloblasts purified by Ficoll sedimentation revealed an average kinase activity of 15.4 U/mg protein in acute myelocytic leukemia and 12.3 U/mg protein in blastic crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). The average ratio of CdR kinase to deaminase activity in crude cell extracts varied from 0.197 in AML and 0.089 in blastic crisis to 0.0004 in normal granulocytes, reflecting the changes which take place with cellular maturation. The absolute levels of kinase and deaminase and the ratio of these two enzymes varied considerably among patients with AML, indicating that quantitative differences may be found in the metabolism of CdR and its analogs in leukemic cells. PMID- 51656 TI - Fluid hexagonal lattices of sub-units in negative staining preparations of fragmented human lymphocytes. AB - Electron microscopic studies of negative staining preparations of fragmented human lymphocytes have revealed highly-ordered fluid hexagonal lattices of repeating 100 A sub-units with central depressions. It is supposed that the particles came from the plasma membrane of the lymphocytes. PMID- 51658 TI - Persistence of BHC in river water in the Kitakyushu district, Japan, 1970-1974. PMID- 51657 TI - Effects of feeding manganese antiknock gasoline additive exhaust residues (Mn3O4) in rats. PMID- 51659 TI - Whither thyrotoxicosis? AB - For 30 years the thyrotoxic patient has been subjected to a plurality of treatments by surgery, radio-iodine and long term anti-thyroid drugs. These therapies have been accepted as complementary to the needs of the individual patient, without regard for long term results or the economic situation as it affects both patient and hospital services. In the context of surgical treatment which is now available, it is suggested that the advantages of operation over other therapies presage a reversion to surgery as the treatment of choice. PMID- 51660 TI - Surgical treatment of thyrotoxicosis: results of 272 operations with special reference to preoperative treatment with anti-thyroid drugs and L-thyroxine. AB - From 1959 to 1970, 272 operations for thyrotoxicosis were performed. Most of the patients received anti-thyroid drugs and thyroid hormones preoperatively. The patients were continuously followed up. The primary results with low morbidity and no mortality as well as the long term results with a low rate of recurrence and a relatively high incidence of thyroid substitution are discussed. A safe and effective programme for surgical treatment of thyrotoxicosis is described. Anti thyroid drugs and thyroid hormones should be administered as the method of choice in preparing these patients for surgery. PMID- 51661 TI - Parathyroid identification by methylene blue infusion. AB - The intravenous infusion of methylene blue was investigated as a procedure that would identify parathyroid glands during operation in 17 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. The dye was found to stain all adenomas, most hyperplastic glands and occasionally normal parathyrodi glands. In addition, the frequency of glandular staining was directly related to the size of the gland, although size and histology may have been independent variables. Methylene blue infusion is a safe effective method of localizing abnormal parathyroid glands. PMID- 51662 TI - Letter: Serum alpha-fetoprotein in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 51663 TI - Isolation and characterization of an aetiological agent in Whipple's disease. AB - A cell wall deficient form of an alpha-haemolytic streptococcus was grown from a prolonged monolayer cell culture of a lymph node taken from a patient with Whipple's disease. Serological cross reactivity was shown between the organism and the material within Whipple's disease macrophages positive for diastase resistant periodic acid-Schiff (D./P.A.S.). In vitro studies characterized the organism as a facultative intracellular parasite which caused the accumulation within cells of D./P.A.S.-positive material. These results suggest that a pathogenic bacterium is the essential aetiological agent and that the culture of Whipple's disease tissues in hypertonic media may have practical value. PMID- 51664 TI - Treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis: a randomized, bouble-blind trial of heparinoid cream. AB - In a prospective, double-blind, randomized trial the efficacy of a heparinoid in ointment form was assessed in treating superficial thrombophlebitis developing after continuous intravenous infusion. One hundred surgical patients were studied, and clinical examination and the iodine-125-labelled fibrinogen test used to assess the results. The mean time required for the relief of local symptoms and signs and the rate of local decline in radioactivity differed significantly between patients receiving the heparinoid cream and those recieving the placebo. PMID- 51665 TI - Letter: alpha2H-globulin and ferritin. PMID- 51666 TI - Silver tipped metal microelectrodes: a new method for recording and staining single neurones. PMID- 51667 TI - The identification of striatal and pallidal neurons projecting to substantia nigra. An experimental study by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 51668 TI - Low molecular weight specific proteins in identified molluscan neurons. II. Processing, turnover, and transport. AB - Three identified neurons (R14, R15, and L2-6) from Aplysia californica synthesize specific, low molecular weight proteins which are further processed or converted into smaller sized specific proteins. These specific proteins have differential turnover rates, and appear to be selectively transported out of the individual neuronal somata at different rates. The latter transport process can be blocked by colchicine, a well-known blocker of axonal transport. The relationship of these phenomena to the functional activity of the individual neurons is discussed. PMID- 51669 TI - Thalamocortical-corticothalamic reciprocity: a combined anterograde-retrograde tracer technique. PMID- 51670 TI - Anti-synaptic antibody in allergic encephalomyelitis. I. Neurophysiological studies, in guinea pigs, on the exposed cerebral cortex and peripheral nerves, following immunological challenges with myelin and synaptosomes. AB - The potential evoked at the surface of the cerebral cortex of a guinea pig, by stimulation of the contralateral forepaw, usually consists of an initial double positive wave whose waveform remains unchanged during rapid stimulation. In a guinea pig with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) the response is attenuated at low frequencies of stimulation. Observations were also made on animals with experimental allergic neuritis (AEN). These animals showed a peripheral specificity for decreased conduction velocity, but have normal cortical evoked responses. Histological studies were undertaken in parallel with the electrophysiological studies and the concordance and discordance between the two is discussed. We conclude that there is no evident correlation between the severity of the electrophysiological effects and the histological lesions. An attempt was also made to induce an immunological challenge in guinea pigs, in the same way that EAE and EAN is produced, by the injection of synaptosomes. No clinical signs or alterations in the histology or electrophysiology of the animals were seen. A discussion is included on the elucidation of the site of action of EAE by discriminating between the direct effects on myelin and synapses and by the indirect effects of myelin damage on synapses. No firm conclusion is reached and the matter is left for further analysis in the subsequent paper. Finally, the neurophysiological alterations, demonstrated in the EAE and EAN situations, are discussed in terms of a humoral factor possibly acting on the myelin sheath and indirectly affecting synaptic function. This matter is further discussed in the subsequent paper. PMID- 51672 TI - The localization of the basic protein and N-2 in diseased myelin. AB - A non-penetrating reagent 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-ditritiostilbene disulfonic acid ([3H]DIDS) has been used to label isolated normal and diseased myelin. The basic protein and the hydrophobic protein, N-2, were isolated from each myelin. When normal myelin was labeled the specific activity of the basic protein was about 25% of that of the hydrophobic protein (N-2). The specific activities of these two proteins isolated from chronic multiple sclerosis myelin were similar to those of the normal myelin. In contrast, the specific acitivity of the basic protein isolated from acute multiple sclerosis myelin was about 400% higher than that of the basic protein isolated from either normal or chronic multiple sclerosis myelins. The specific activity of the N-2 protein was only 50% of that of the N-2 protein isolated from normal and chronic multiple sclerosis myelins. It was concluded that the arrangement of proteins in isolated chronic multiple scerosis myelin was not markedly altered in comparison to that of isolated normal myelin. However, the arrangement of proteins in acute multiple sclerosis myelin appeared to be considerably different from that of the other two myelins. PMID- 51671 TI - Anti-synaptic antibody in allergic encephalomyelitis. II. The synapse-blocking effects in tissue culture of demyelinating sera from experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - It has been suggested that demyelination cannot account for all of the observed clinical symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), in particular the rapidity of onset and remission of the disease, and attention has been focussed on the role of the synapse in 'demyelinating diseases'. In the present paper we have attempted to resolve the fundamental question of the site of action of a demyelinating disease, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), by the use of cultures of neonatal rat cerebellum. Electrophysiological and morphological development in these cultures run hand-in-hand, and in the first few days in vitro there is a 4 5 day period when synapses are both seen ultrastructurally and known to be functioning but before the onset of myelination. The serum from guinea pigs with EAE was added to these cultures at different stages during their development and the morphological and electrophysiological effects observed. An abolitionary effect on the bioelectric activity of the culture was only observed when the serum was added to mature, myelinated cultures. Also the same active sera had no effect on synaptic activity before myelination had occurred. We conclude that the synaptic blocking effect occurs only when myelin is destroyed. PMID- 51673 TI - Putrescine: effect on axoplasmic transport. PMID- 51675 TI - Slow axoplasmic transport of mitochondria (MAO) and lactic dehydrogenase in mammalian nerve fibers. AB - The axoplasmic transport of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) (monoamine:O2 oxidoreductase, (deaminating) EC 1.4.3.4), a marker for mitochondria, and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) (L-lactate:NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1927), a soluble component of axoplasm, was studied in cat sciatic nerve. For both these enzymes a linear accumulation was found in the nerve proximal to ligations over a period of at least 20 h. In double-ligation experiments no evidence of a depletion of enzymes within the nerve segment was found over this period of time as would be the case if some portion of the enzymes was carried by fast axoplasmic transport. Both the soluble protein enzyme LDH and the mitochondria, shown by MAO, are thus considered to be moved down the nerve by slow axoplasmic transport. Some differences in the two materials were seen in the greater fall in the level of MAO compared to LDH within the double-ligated segment over the succeeding period from 20 to 48 h. These changes are considered with respect to the transport filament model as modified to take into account slow axoplasmic transport. PMID- 51674 TI - Axoplasmic transport in the toad Bufo marinus. AB - The rate and course of axoplasmic transport from the eighth dorsal root ganglion cell bodies into the sciatic nerve of the toad Bufo marinus were studied. Concentrated tritiated proline was hydraulically injected into a surgically exposed dorsal root ganglion of animals maintained at 19 +/- 0.5 degrees C. At postinjection intervals of 1, 6, and 10 h, the animals were sacrificed and the dorsal root, ganglion, and sciatic nerve were removed bilaterally. The dorsal roots and peripheral nerves were cut into 3 mm segments measured from the ganglion. In some experiments all tissues were prepared for liquid scintillation counting techniques. In others the ganglion and every fifth 3 mm nerve segment were fixed in Bouin's fixative for radioautography, and the remaining tissue segments were prepared for liquid scintillation counting methods. Scintillation counts (counts/min) of consecutive segments along the labeled nerve were plotted against distance (mm) for each animal. Examination of these profiles showed a peak of radioactivity in the injected ganglion for each animal that was followed distally by an abrupt drop in the adjacent segments of the nerve. Radioactivity remained relatively stable in subsequent segments forming a plateau and then dropped to baseline levels forming a wavefront in the distal portion of the peripheral nerves of the 6 and 10 h toads. Movement of this wavefront during the 6 to 10 h time interval provided evidence for an axoplasmic flow rate of about 120 mm/day. Radioautographs of the ganglion and representative segments along the sciatic nerve were examined with both bright- and dark-field microscopy. Accumulations of silver grains were observed overlying the injected ganglion cell bodies and labeled axons of the nerve. Values for the number of silver grains/unit area were obtained from dark-field radioautographs of the nerve segments through the use of a computer-microscope system. The relative amount of radioactivity present in the axons was thereby demonstrated. Radioautographic data confirmed the axoplasmic flow rate of about 120 mm/day determined by liquid scintillation counting methods for the bulk of radioactive materials transported at this fast rate. In addition, the evaluation of radioautographic data suggests that an even faster flow rate of 185-215 mm/day may exist for a small portion of the labeled materials transported in the axon. PMID- 51676 TI - Association of proteins undergoing slow axonal transport with goldfish visual system myelin. AB - [3H]Proline derived radioactivity which is slowly transported in the goldfish optic nerve has been isolated in association with purified preparations of optic tectal myelin. Acrylamide gel analysis reveals that most of the slowly transported radioactivity is distributed among the high molecular weight myelin proteins with a major peak comigrating with a band (approximately 42,000 daltons) which is prominent in goldfish brain myelin. A similar peak is not seen in gels of whole synaptosome protein. Relatively small but measureable amounts of radioactivity comigrate with the basic and proteolipid proteins. A low density myelin subfraction is 3-5 fold lower in specific radioactivity (disint./min/mug protein) than a corresponding high density fraction and shows particularly low specific radioactivities in the basic and proteolipid bands. The results are discussed with reference to the possible adherence of specific axonal membrane fragments as well as other potential sources of myelin label. PMID- 51677 TI - The influence of complement on the neutralization of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus by globulins derived from early and late bovine antisera. AB - Calves were inoculated at four week intervals with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). Sera were obtained at eight days (early sample) and 21 days (late sample) after each inoculation. Kinetic neutralization was carried out with 7S and 19S globulins derived from these sera, both in the presence and in the absence of guinea pig complement (C). In all instances the 19S neutralizing antibody (AB) was dependent on C for neutralization of IBVR. However, C dependency was not observed with any of the 7S preparations. Neutralizing activity was readily detected in 19S globulins from the early sera after primary and subsequent inoculations but not in any of the late sera. Early sera collected after primary inoculation did not contain any 7S neutralizing AB but it was present in all the other sera tested. The 7S AB when present was always at a considerably higher concentration than 19S AB. Thus it may be possible to determine whether cattle have recently been exposed to IBRV when paired serum samples are not available by determining the presence of C-dependent 19S globulins. In addition, by comparing 19S and 7S levels, a distinction may be made between primary and secondary responses to IBRV. PMID- 51678 TI - A scanning electron microscope study of human cerebral arteries. AB - Human cerebral arteries were obtained from autopsy, fixed under pressure, cut open, and tacked onto pieces of cork. For one artery the intima was partly teased away, exposing the media, and treated with a silver nitrate process. For another artery the adventitia was exposed. Both arteries were processed through graded ethanols and coated with gold paladium for the scanning electron microscope. The collagen fibers of the adventitia were approximately 5 mum in diameter and consisted of a bundle of microfilaments, each of which had a diameter of 800-1000 A (1 A = 10(-10) m). The collagen fibers were oriented parallel to the long axis of the artery. The muscle cells of the media had a diameter of 2-5 mum and were arranged circumferentially with a pitch of approximately 20 degrees. The collagen fibers of the media travel perpendicular to the muscle cells, and parallel to the long axis of the artery. The fibrillar components of the elastin in the intima had a diameter of approximately 700-1000 A and were arranged parallel to the long axis of the artery. It was postulated that the fibrillar part of the elastin was the elastic component of the elastin. PMID- 51679 TI - Induction of avirulent variants in Erwinia stewartii by incubation at supraoptimal temperatures. AB - High temperatures (37 degrees C) induced non-pigmented, and (or) small colony variants in some Erwinia stewartii strains. The former differed from the parent strain serologically and in having lost virulence to Zea mays. The small colony variants retained phytopathogenicity. PMID- 51680 TI - Analysis of soluble melanoma cell membrane antigens in metastatic cells of various organs and further studies of antigens present in primary melanoma. AB - In malignant melanoma, using Sephadex G-200 chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), it has been possible to separate two types of skin reactive antigens. The first, found in Sephadex fraction II and PAGE region a appears specific for melanoma. Allogeneic extracts have produced positive reactions in many patients with skin or ocular melanoma, and have given negative reactions in patients with other types of cancer or in patients with ocular lesions simulating melanoma. The second group of antigens, in Sephadex fraction III and PAGE region b were less specific. These antigens produced positive skin reactions in some patients with breast cancer, as well as in patients with melanoma. Reactivity to PAGE region a appeared to be confined to one protein band, but three different bands in region b gave positive reactions. A study was made of the presence or absence of similar antigens in metastatic deposits of malignant melanoma. Metastatic lesions in the following tissues were analyzed: liver, lung, adrenal, skin, and colon. These were compared with pooled primary skin melanomas by skin testing in the same patients. The tumor-associated melanoma antigen, found in Sephadex fraction II and PAGE region a appeared to be strongest in adrenal, lung, and liver metastases. It was found that the protein yield in this region was not indicative of the strength of the antigen. Therefore, a careful, detailed analysis of the protein bands present in PAGE regions a and b from primary skin melanoma was conducted. Only one band in PAGE region a was found to be responsible for positive skin reactivity. This band was found to be a glycolipoprotein. Further studies were also conducted in order to determine whether or not some of the antigens present might be fetal antigens. Some of the protein bands present in Sephadex fraction III and PAGE region b of melanoma appeared to be similar to some of the PAGE region b proteins present in fetal skin cells. Two bands from fetal skin also had the same location on PAGE as two bands from ductal breast cancer, although the relationship to melanoma region b antigens was not exact. These fetal proteins, which seemed to be present both in ductal breast cancer cell membranes and in melanoma cell membranes, might account for the positive skin reactivity seen in this region, and also for the cross reactivity of skin tests with this antigen. PMID- 51681 TI - Enzymatic modification of the transplant antigens (ABO system) on human tumor cells. AB - Blood group glycosyltransferases were used to modify HeLa cells of H specificity (O Group) into cells of A and B specificity. We also obtained the identical type of modification with lymphocytes from healthy subjects and leukemia patients. This method can be applied to tumor cells in general, and constitutes an attempt to stimulate the immunocompetent system. PMID- 51682 TI - Bronchial carcinoid tumors. AB - Twenty-eight pulmonary carcinoid tumors were reviewed histologically and clinically. Hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections were utilized, as well as special stains, including the argyrophil and argentaffin reactions. The 22 tumors located centrally, at the level of primary or segmental bronchi, had a microscopic appearance distinct from those located more peripherally. One peripheral tumor that was large in size appeared much more aggressive histologically, and was designated an atypical carcinoid. The origin of carcinoid tumors from Kulchitsky cells in the lung, the distinction of peripheral tumors from chemodectomas, and the relationship of bronchial carcinoids to bronchial epithelial hyperplasias and oat cell carcinomas are discussed. PMID- 51683 TI - Psychiatric management of the deaf child. PMID- 51684 TI - The function of fat bodies in relation to the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis in the frog, Rana esculenta. AB - In this study the authors have tried to furnish experimental support for the importance of fat bodies in the normal functioning of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal gonadal system of the male frog, Rana esculenta. These experiments have shown a hypothalamo-hypophyseal control of the mobilization of fat body contents, directly involved in the control of testicular activity. Furthermore it is proposed that the fat body contents are released into the testis through direct vascular contacts between the two organs. We suggest that the A1 cells (lactotrophs) and/or B2 cells (FSH-gonadotrops) of the pars distalis gonadotropins are incapable of stimulating the testis in the absence of fat bodies. In the light of these results a scheme has been put forward showing the position of fat bodies in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis of the frog. PMID- 51685 TI - The distribution of oxidizable mucosubstances and polysaccharides in the planarian Polycelis tenuis Iijima. AB - A chromic acid oxidation-silver technique was used to localize polysaccharide material in Polycelis tenuis at the electron microscope level. In the epithelium, staining was observed within apical vacuoles and on the free surfaces of the cells. A similar staining was observed in relation to the glycocalyx of the pharyngeal epithelia and that of the flame cells. Silver was deposited in the basement membrane. In the parenchyma, the major components giving a positive reaction were the cyanophil and mucous gland cells. Particularly strong silver staining (confirmed by X-ray microanalysis) was observed in the granules and Golgi apparatus of the cyanophil cells. IDPase activity was also found in relation to the Golgi apparatus and its secretory products. The overall distribution of mucopolysaccharide material was confirmed with the PAS and Alcian blue techniques. The fine structural localization of the Alcian blue was also determined using electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. PMID- 51686 TI - Dynamic properties of axonal transport of proteins and glycoproteins: a study based on the effects of metaphase blocking drugs in the developing optic pathway of chick embryos. AB - Some properties of the axonal transport of proteins and glycoproteins along the optic pathway of chick embryos and newly hatched chicks were studied by labelling retinal ganglion cells with 3H-proline or 3H-fucose. A study of the effects of colchicine (COL) and vinblastine (VLB) on embryonic axonal transport was also carried out. Marked changes in the efficiency of axonal transport were found throughout development. In particular, the fraction of retinal ganglion cell proteins which is rapidly exported toward tectal terminals increases during embryonic life but steadily decreases after hatching. Glycoprotein transport behaves similarly except that its efficiency is relatively higher at stages when critical events of synaptic maturation in the tectum are reported to occur. Embryonic axonal transport is blocked by COL and VLB at very low intravitreal concentrations. Retinal protein synthesis and the morphology of ganglion cells are profoundly altered by the drugs: in general, COL and VLB effects were much more marked in embryonic than in mature neurons. An analysis of the time course of rapid transport along embryonic optic axons was carried out by reducing the efflux of labelled proteins from the eye by giving VLB intravitreally 2 h after the pulse. It revealed some peculiar features in the retino-tectal migration of glycoproteins and confirmed their progressive accumulation within terminals as previously described by radioautography. These results suggest that axonal transport of proteins during embryonic life undergoes changes in parallel with synaptic maturation. It may thus be considered as one of the factors controlling the genesis of neuronal networks. PMID- 51687 TI - A comparison of aldehyde fuchsin and alcian blue staining of neurosecretory material in Oncopeltus fasciatus. AB - The dynamics of the "A" cells of the parsintercerebralis of Oncopeltus fasciatus over the first eight days of adult life was studied by microspectrophotometry of sections stained either with aldehyde fuchsin or alcian blue 8 GX. The data show that the two stains differ in their selectivity as they record different events in the history of the cells. A hypothesis is proposed that the aldehyde fuchsin is more sensitive to the presence of a "carrier" protein in the cell, whereas alcian blue 8 GX is more sensitive to the presence of the "active principle" in the cell. PMID- 51688 TI - Effects of barbiturates on ultrastructure and polymerization of microtubules in vitro. AB - Barbiturates were examined for in vitro effects on ultrastructure of the frog sciatic system and polymerization of microtubules (MT) in a brain supernatant. Exposure for 5-17 h to 2.0 mM barbiturates caused a considerable loss of MT in ganglionic cell bodies and sciatic axons. This was mostly followed by a proliferation of 10 nm filaments. Under similar conditions treatment with 1 mM NaCN or 0.1 mM 2,4-DNP did not change the number or ultrastructure of MT and filaments. Eight barbiturates, varying in binding ratios to serum albumin and partition coefficients, were tested for effects on polymerization of MT using viscometry. Inhibitory effects were found which correlated with their reported ability to bind to albumin and brain fractions. Dimethylsulphoxide and ethanol were used as solvents for some of the barbiturates. These solvents at 1% had stabilizing effects on MT. The present results are discussed in relation to previous findings of inhibition of rapid axonal transport in vitro in the frog sciatic system by barbiturates. PMID- 51689 TI - Two active forms of RD-114 virus DNA polymerase in infected cells. AB - Two forms of DNA polymerase are present in RD-114-infected human, dog, and mink cells, but are not detectable in uninfected cells. The two enzymes are indistinguishable catalytically and immunologically, but differ with respect to molecular weight and elution position from (dT)12-18-cellulose and phosphocellulose. The large enzyme (equivalent 95,000 daltons) is found in the infected cells, but not the virions produced by these cells. The virions contain only the smaller enzyme (equivalent 70,000 daltons). The larger form may represent a mammalian viral equivalent to the beta subunit of avian RNA tumor virus DNA polymerase. PMID- 51690 TI - The control of serum protein synthesis in hepatoma-fibroblast hybrids. AB - Hybrids between mouse hepatoma cells (which secrete several serum proteins) and mouse or rat fibroblasts (which do not secrete these proteins) produce transferrin and the third component of complement (C3) like the parental hepatoma cells, while they do not secrete either albumin or alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). This lack of albumin and AFP secretion is probably due to a lack of synthesis, rather than to a simple defect in secretion. The cessation of albumin and AFP production is not dependent upon the parental fibroblast nor upon the selection conditions; it is best explained by a shut-off synthesis and could thus reflect the existence of a regulatory mechanism. This would imply a difference between the control of albumin and AFP synthesis and that of transferrin and C3 synthesis. On the other hand, in agreement with Peterson and Weiss (1972), hybrids between rat hepatoma cells and mouse fibroblasts continue to product rat albumin. This suggests that the mouse hepatoma cells differ from the rat hepatoma cells in the way they control albumin production. PMID- 51691 TI - [The influence of hormonal tests in secondary amenorrhoea (author's transl)]. PMID- 51692 TI - [Scanning transmission electron microscopy of dendritic spines stained by the Golgi method]. AB - Scanning transmission electron microscopy of the dendritic spines of multipolar neurons in the cat inferior Colliculus was achieved on Golgi semi-thin sections. The three basic types of dendritic spines (ST, MS, TH) were identified. Scanning transmission electron microscopy provides a reliable method for a three dimensional view of these structures at high resolution and consequently a more accurate appreciation of their size. In addition, it could prove very useful in the quantitative analysis of the dendritic spines. PMID- 51693 TI - [Metabolism and in vitro binding of several organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides to calf thymus DNA and rat liver microsomal proteins]. AB - The organophosphorus insecticide ethyl-parathion was transformed by rat liver microsomes into metabolites which were bound to calf thymus DNA, in large amount. When the rats were treated by phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene, the metabolite binding to DNA was increased two-fold. By contrast, in the same conditions, the organochlorine insecticides, aldrin, dieldrin and gamma hexachlorocyclohexane (lindane), did not yield metabolites able to bind to DNA and to proteins. PMID- 51694 TI - [Effect of injection of a phosphorylcholine-containing compound from Nippostrongylus brasiliensis on the infestation of the rat by this parasite]. AB - Rats were injected intradermally with the purified phosphorycholine bearing component of the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Eight days later they were experimentally infected with 1 X 10(3) infective larvae of the parasite. Compared to the non injected controls we showed a significant decrease in the number of adult worms able to be established in the small intestine. This protective effect seems to be due at least partly to a phenomenom being located between the skin and the lungs of the rats. PMID- 51696 TI - Letter: Variants of concealed bigeminy. PMID- 51695 TI - Report of the Inter-Society Commission for Heart Disease Resources. Optimal resources for cardiac surgery guidelines for program planning and evaluation. AB - This updated and expanded planning guideline describes the optimal environment in which cardiac surgery can be performed effectively and safely and suggests criteria for evaluating existing facilities and for long-range hospital planning. The status of cardiac surgery is reviewed and measures are provided for assessing a hospital's ability to support a cardiac surgical service. Recommendations are given for appropriate case loads, administrative arrangements, and professional staff qualifications and relationships. The emerging role of the nurse is considered and requirements are enumerated for allied clinical supporting services. Special criteria are provided for pediatric cardiac surgical units and detailed specifications are given for the hospital's physical plant and equiptment including a protocol for checking the electrical safety of surgical suites. A data base is suggested for taking regular inventory of community cardiac surgical programs. PMID- 51697 TI - Fetal hypothyroidism complicating medical treatment of thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy. AB - Two women with thyrotoxicosis were treated with antithyroid drugs during pregnancy. One women had inadvertently received a therapeutic dose of radioiodine at 21 weeks gestation and the other suffered from severe thyrotoxicosis with a serum LATS level of 1850%. In both patients, the serum triiodothyronine was maintained above 500 ng/dl by the concurrent oral administration of this hormone. Despite this precaution, cord serum thyrotrophin levels were markedly elevated and both infants showed clinical signs of hypothyroidism at birth. This experience indicates that triiodothyronine does not prevent fetal hypothyroidism when given to the mother in pharmacological amounts. PMID- 51698 TI - A comparative study of avian and rat patterns in thyroid function-II. Plasma protein-bound iodine and thyroid hormone secretion. PMID- 51699 TI - Measurement of C-bands in human chromosomes. PMID- 51700 TI - Evaluation of computer diagnosis of ectopic beats encountered in routine patient monitoring. PMID- 51701 TI - Association of fibrinogen and microfibrils with trophoblast basement membrane. AB - Two non-collagenous placental antigens have been detected both in membranes isolated from terminal villi by sieving and sonication and in acetic acid extracts of the villi. One of the antigens is apparently fibrinogen based on immunologic and chemical data. The second, detectable with anti-membrane antiserum after absorption with fibrinogen remained with the fibrinogen-like antigen during isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.7, electrophoresis at pH 8.6 and chromatography on DEAE cellulose. Fractions of villi in which the two antigens occur comprise more than a third of the weight of the villi. The fibrinogen related antigen was concentrated in placental basement membranes compared to kidney and lung basement membranes. A third antigen common to the membranes, to glomerular basement membrane and to alveolar basement membrane was also detected. PMID- 51702 TI - Immunochemical studies of organ and tumor lipids XXI. Sensitivity and specificity of the cytolipin F - sheep erythrocyte system. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of the sheep erythrocyte - anti-sheep erythrocyte system to inhibition by pure cytolipin F has been studied with 5 antisera, in order to compare it with the rat erythrocyte-anti-rat lymphosarcoma system and its inhibition by pure cytolipin R. The cytolipin F - sheep erythrocyte system is much more sensitive than the cytolipin R - rat erythrocyte system, inhibition of hemolysis of 6 x 10(6) sheep cells being produced by 10 ng of cytolipin F (combined with a four-fold quantity of lecithin) compared with inhibition of hemolysis of 10(6) rat cells by 50 to 100 ng of cytolipin R (also combined with lecithin). Differences in sensitivity are attributed to the larger number of available cytolipin F determinants on sheep erythrocytes compared with cytolipin R determinants on rat erythrocytes. Studies of the auxiliary lipid enhancement of cytolipin F activity by galactocerebroside, lactosyl ceramide (cytolipin H), and lecithin are also reported. PMID- 51703 TI - Intravaginal rings for contraceptive use: an editorial comment. PMID- 51704 TI - The mechanism of cryohemolysis: by direct observation with the cryomicroscope and the electron microscope. PMID- 51705 TI - Freeze-fixation at high subzero temperatures. PMID- 51707 TI - Classes of skin fibroblast metachromasia in cystic fibrosis correlated with lung function tests. PMID- 51708 TI - Classes of skin fibroblast metachromasia in cystic fibrosis correlated with growth parameters. PMID- 51706 TI - Classes of skin fibroblast metachromasia in cystic fibrosis correlated with clinical parameters. PMID- 51709 TI - Palliative esophageal intubation for carcinoma. A combined push-pull method. AB - The use of prosthetic tubes for palliation of esophageal carcinoma can be carried out with safety using a combined push-pull method. The advantages of simultaneous endoscopy and laparotomy are illustrated in two cases. For safe durable palliation, emphasis must be placed upon seating the tube under direct vision as well as upon the firm fixation of the tube of the abdominal wall to prevent its subsequent migration. PMID- 51710 TI - Mechanisms of chromosome banding. VII. Interaction of methylene blue with DNA and chromatin. AB - The binding of methylene blue to DNA and chromatin treated in various ways was examined by equilibrium dialysis. The maximum r value (moles of bound dye/mole of nucleotide) was 1.0 for DNA, 0.6 for unfixed chromatin, and 0.83 for chromatin fixed in methanol-acetic acid. When fixed chromatin was treated with saline citrate at 60 degrees C for 3 hours, as used for G-banding chromosomes, the r value decreased from 0.83 to 0.55. When unfixed chromatin was treated as for R banding the r values also dropped. Equilibrium dialysis indicated there was no disproportionate increase of dye binding as the concentration of DNA increased. - These results, and others, suggest that some of the Giemsa negative regions of G and R-banded chromosomes are due to the denaturation of non-histone proteins so that they more effectively cover the DNA and prevent side binding of the thiazin dyes. PMID- 51711 TI - [Clinical aspects of carcinoma of the liver (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of epi-cirrhotic liver carcinoma is apparently on the increase. Between 1969 and 1973 there were 84 cases of primary liver carcinoma and 467 of cirrhosis among 10211 autopsies. In 74 (16%) the carcinoma had developed in a cirrhotic liver. Clincally the diagnosis of carcinoma had been made in only 14 cases. The mean survival time after the diagnosis was seven weeks, after onset of the terminal symptoms 13 weeks. Typical clinical features were decompensated, hypertrophic, often coarsely granular, liver cirrhosis. The best diagnostic method was apparently laproscopy and determination of alpha 1-fetoprotein and cholestatic enzymes. PMID- 51712 TI - [Patho-physiological aspects in csf proteins (author's transl)]. AB - Electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid of 201 patients with inflammatory CNS diseases revealed that over a total protein value from 0 to greater than 1, 2 g/1 there was merely a decrease in pre-albumins and a difference in the gamma-globulins as a pointer to immune reactions. Comparison with the absolute values indicated an increase of all fractions in inflammatory and non inflammatory diseases caused by impairment of the blood-CSF barrier. Again there was evidence of immune reaction in the gamma-globulin range. Impairment in the blood-CSF barrier was demonstrated by an increased concentration of IgG, IgA and IgM. An immune reaction was revealed by higher IgG values. PMID- 51714 TI - An EEG simulator-a means of objective clinical interpretation of EEG. AB - In 1969 Zetterberg presented a method for describing the spectral properties of an EEG signal, starting from the assumption that the signal is essentially stationary during the analysis epoch. The method involves determination of the parameters for a model consisting of a lenear filter with the ability to produce a signal with the same spectral properties as the EEG signal. Zetterberg and Ahlin described in 1975 an analogue simulator based on this model theory. With this simulator it is possible to reproduce practically all types of stationary, as well as a number of non-stationary, EEG signals. We have used this simulator to demonstrate in an illustrative manner the relation between the properties of a signal in the spectral domain and in the time domain. We have also endeavoured to anser the question: if one starts from the frequency spectrum, what does the EEG signal corresponding to this spectrum look like? We also draw attention to the usefulness of the simulator in connection with training and as an instrument for testing computer and other systems of EEG analysis. PMID- 51713 TI - Visual cortex responses to abrupt changes in the periodicity of rapidly intermittent light. AB - Visually evoked potentials that are stimulated by period-jumps in a high frequency modulated luminance have been detected and studied experimentally in monkeys. The visual responses are shown quantitatively by a Principal Components analysis to depend remarkably simply, in shape and in amplitude, on the period jump stimulus. The response shape is nearly invariant, except that the early part of the response shows a distinctive (though slight) dependence on the sign of the period-jump. The response amplitude is approximately proportional to the magnitude of the period-jump of a given polarity. These features of the evoked potentials demonstrate an intimate association with a suprafusion transient phenomenon that has been observed psychophysically in man. The experimental behavior of the visual potentials also agrees well with theoretical predictions. PMID- 51715 TI - Genetic effects in the cortical auditory evoked potential: a twin study. AB - An experiment was carried out on 40 pairs of adult male twins to investigate the extent of genetical determination in the cortical auditory evoked potential. Tonal stimuli of 1 sec duration, at an intensity of 95 dB and a frequency of 100 c/sec, were used. The inter-stimulus interval was 33 sec and the bipolar evoked potential was measured between the CZ and T3 scalp positions. The reliability of the seven latency and amplitude measures was also calculated and this was taken into account in the subsequent genetic analysis. The biometrical gentical approach, which gives maximal information particularly on small samples, was used to analyse the data. A strong genetic influence was found on all the amplitude scores. The environment made no significant contribution to these. For the latencies there was some evidence for a genetic effect; however, this was not very strong and can well be interpreted as being due to between family environmental effects. PMID- 51716 TI - Amygdala and masseteric reflex. I. Facilitation, inhibition and diphasic modifications of the reflex, induced by localized amygdaloid stimulation. AB - The changes in amplitude of the monosynaptic masseteric reflex (MR), induced by stimulation of the amygdaloid area for the defence reaction (N. basalis, pars magnocellularis) and in other subdivisions of the amygdaloid complex, were studied in cats with spinal section maintained under Flaxedil. Simultaneously, the the effects of stimulation on the tonic activity of the masseteric nerve were observed. A maintained facilitation of the MR was elicited by stimulation of the lateral nucleus, the parvocellular portion of the basal nucleus and the cortical nucleus, while the reflex was inhibited during stimulation of the medial-most portion of the posterior amygdala. Diphasic changes of the MR amplitude (initial facilitation followed by delayed inhibition) were regularly observed when stimulating the magnocellular portion of the basal nucleus. These diphasic changes were closely correlated with the previously described diphasic resporatory and cardiac responses elicited from the same are (Bonvallet and Gary Bobo 1972). The initial facilitation probably corresponds to the "alerting" stage of the defence reaction and the delayed inhibition, associated with cortical, respiratory and cardiac activation, to the "defensive" stage of the reaction. Stimulation of the same area also provokes tonic or rhythmical discharges of the masseteric motoneurons which frequently occur during the delayed inhibition of the MR. The main efferent pathway mediating these motor effects is probably the ansa lenticularis. PMID- 51717 TI - Amygdala and masseteric reflex. II Mechanism of the diphasic modifications of the reflex elicited from the "defence reaction area". Role of the spinal trigeminal nucleus (pars oralis). AB - It has been demonstrated (Gary Bobo and Bonvallet 1975) that long-lasting stimulation of the "amygdaloid area for the defence reaction" (basal nucleus, pars magnocellularis) elicits, after an initial facilitation, a delayed inhibition of the monosynaptic masseteric reflex (MR), while stimulation of the amygdalofugal fibers running in the ansa lenticularis provokes an immediate inhibition of the reflex. In present study, the structure which mediates these inhibitions has been identified. Using combined techniques of limited transections, localized coagulations and localized stimulation and recording, it has been demonstrated that these ingibitions are mediated by the rostral portion of the spinal trigeminal nucleus, the subnucleus oralis (NO). After localized coagulation of this nucleus, or after lesions which interrupt slectively the connections between the NO and the masticatory nucleus, long-lasting stimulation of the basal nucleus elicits only well maintained facilitation of the MR. Hence, the delayed decrease in amplitude of the reflex, observed during stimulation of the basal nucleus in the preparations with intact brain, cannot be explained by the reversal of an initial facilitatory influence to an ingibitory one. The one ingibition of the reflex is due to the superimposition, on a background of sustained facilitation of the masseteric motoneurons, of the inhibitory influence exerted on the monosynaptic masseteric circuit by a trigeminal sensory nucleus, itself activated by delayed discharges of the basal nucleus. A tentative representation of the dual control exerted on the masseteric activity by the basal nucleus is given in Fig. 9. The functional implications of this dual control during the "defence reaction" are briefly discussed. PMID- 51718 TI - Differential effect of task relevance on early and late components of cortical and subcortical somatic evoked potentials in man. AB - The effect of "task relevance" on early and late components of cortical and subcortical somatic evoked potentials (SEPs) was studied in a group of Parkinsonian patients operated on under local anesthesia for treatment of prominent unilateral tremor. 1. SEPs produced by median nerve stimulation were found at contralateral cortical (ss), thalamic (vcpci, vcai), lemniscal (Lm), postilemniscal (PoLm), prelemniscal (Raprl) and reticular (Ttc) regions. No SEPs were found in other contiguous thalamic (M,Pf, ce) and subthalamic (Q) regions. 2. Subcortical early SEP components consisted of two monophasic positive potentials distributed within a circumscribed thalamo-lemniscal region where electrical stimulation elicited consistent sensory responses circumscribed to contralateral hand and face. In contrast, subcortical late SEP components consisted of monophasic or polyphasic, positive or negative potentials distributed in a widespread, thalamic, lemniscal, prelemniscal and reticular region where elecrical stimulation elecited sensory or motor responses of various types. Subcortical early and late SEP components appeared together in lemniscal, thalamic and cortical regions but they wers separated at postlemniscal (only early) and prelemniscal and reticular ones (only late). 3. Significant amplitude changes in cortical and subcortical late SEP componets were found concomitant to variations in "task relevance": they decreased when patients shifted from novelty to habituation, they increased when patients shifted from habituation to attention and they decreased when patients shifted from attention to distraction. In contrast, no significant ampiltude changes in cortical and subcortical early components were found when patients shifted through these various "task relevance" conditions. PMID- 51719 TI - Local hypothalamic blood flow during sleep. AB - There are several hypotheses to explain the observed rise in hypothalamic temperature during REM sleep. One of theories suggests that the increase in temperature is due to an increase in local blood flow. In order to test this hypothesis local hypothalamic blood flow (HBF) was measured during wakefulness, HBF increased by 63% and 25% during REM and non-REM sleep respectively. It is possible that the increase of HBF during REM sleep is due to the activation of the recently described noradrenergic pathways from the brain stem to the cortex. PMID- 51720 TI - Frequency and time domain characteristics of single muscle fibre action potentials. AB - Action potentials of single muscle fibers (brachial biceps) were recorded with a multi-electrode, ensuring a minimum fibre-electrode recording distance. Propagation velocity was measured in 15 fibres and the power spectral density of the action potentials was computed through a FFT algorithm. Linear correlation was found between action potential amplitude (peak to peak) and propagation velocity, as well as between maximum-minimum amplitude time (defined as the time interval between the positive and negative peaks) and propagation velocity. Assuming al linear dependence between propagation velocity and muscle fibre diameter, a linear relation between the fibre thickness and the extra-cellular action potential was derived from the action potential amplitude/propagation velocity curve. The action potential power spectrum had a band pass form, with peak magnitude of 1.61+/-0.03 kc/sec, and -3 dB points at 0.98+/-0.19 kc/sec and at 2.41+/-0.53 kc/sec. A linear relation was found between the spectral peak magnitude and propagation velocity, and between the ban width and the propagation velocity, as predicted by a mathematical model describing the power spectrum of single fibre action potentials. PMID- 51721 TI - Quantitative assessment of the electroencephalogram in renal disease. AB - EEGs wre recorded from renal patients to determine if there are quantifiable characteristic changes in the EEG was quantified by calculating the percentage of spectral power in the bandwidth 3-7 c/sec referrred to a frequency range of 3-13 c/sec and by computing the mean frequency of the dominant rhythm in the EEG. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine concentrations, as well as a self-assessment of the patient's clinical condition, were recorded. The general finding of this research is that EEG slowing, as evaluated by power spectral techniques, is correlated with uremia-associated variables. 1. In a non-dialyzed patient population with renal failure, slowing in the EEG was found to be directly corelated with increased creatinine concentrations. 2. Quantitative measures of slow wave activity computed using power spectral techniques were found to be highly corelated with an estimate of slowing made by an electroencephalographer. 3. Compared with undialyzed azotemic patients, malignant hypertensive patients with comparable serum creatinine concentrations typically displayed increased slow wave activity, while slowing was generally reduced in the dialyzed patient population. 4. A series of EEGs recorded from one patient during the first three dialyses of her life revealed that slow wave activity decreased during each successive dialysis. In another patient, all quantified EEG values recorded prior to renal transplantation significantly improved after transplantation... PMID- 51722 TI - Startle responses recorded in the leg of man. AB - The EMG pattern of startle reactions in the leg was studied in man using a 100 msec, 1 kc/sec squre wave tone burst of 114 dB as the auitory stimulus. At rest, 74 responses were recorded in the ankle flexor tibialis anterior (TA) and 23 in the ankle extensor gastrocnemius (G) with a significantly different mean latency of 151 and 123 msecrespectively. During tonic extension or flexion of the ankle, the EMG response in TA or G consisted in a burst of activity superimposed on the voluntary EMG at a latency of approximately 150 msec after the onset of the tone burst and followed, at 200 msec, by a period of EMG silence lasting close to 100 msec. Similar periods of silence also occurred as the sole EMG modulation in response to sound. Although predominant in flexors, startle reactions are significant in extensors during or after tonic ankle extension suggesting that audiospinal influences may be channelled to one or the other group depending on their functional state. The silent period of EMG following an excitatory startle or appearing on its own suggests an important inhibitory component in audiospinal mechanisms particularly related to startle since it had not been disclosed in a previous study of the modulation of the H-reflex by non-startling auditory stimulus. From the distribution and EMG pattern of startle, it is inferred that audiospinal influences may be meaningfully integrated through the reticulospinal system in sound guided behaviour. PMID- 51723 TI - The adaptation of cochlear and brainstem auditory evoked potentials in humans. AB - The adaptation of the responses from the cochlear nerve and the auditory brainstem nuclei was studied using a burst of four clicks as the stimulus. Nine experimental conditions were obtained from three stimulus levels (60, 70 and 80 dB SL) and from three intervals between click in the burst (15, 24 and 32.5 msec). Six subjects were each tested three times for each of the experimental conditions and the techniques used and results obtained are summarized. Various models of the adaptation of the brainstem responses are proposed which predict different results. The results for the adaptation of the N1 response are basically in agreement with previous work, and the more central brainstem responses showed less adaptation than the peripheral responses. These findings may be explained by postulating different adaptation mechanisms for the peripheral and central responses. The 60dB stimulus level condition gave rise to more adaptation than the 80dB level, and this is in agreement with studies of low and high threshold reception systems reported elsewhere. PMID- 51724 TI - A dual marking technique for microelectrode tracks and localization recording sites. AB - This paper describes techniques for marking both microelectrode tracks and exact recording loci using a combination of fast green dye and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The procedure involves coating the exterior of HRP filled microelectrodes with fast green dye in order to identify electrode tracks, and ejecting HRP from the electrode to mark recording loci. Rapid, multiple marks can be made with this technique without harming the recording capabilities of the micropipette. PMID- 51725 TI - A technique for on-line classification of evoked potentials into two groups according to subjective interpretation of the stimulus. AB - A technique is described for on-line classification of evoked potentials (EPs) into distinct groups for separate averaging according to a criterion available after the beginning of the EPs. It is suitable for analysing psychophysiological correlations (relationship between EPs and subjective perception). The system consists of a slightly modified NTA 512 B (Hungarian) average response computer (however, any CAT-computer-like device can be used in a similar way) and of an additional device. It can be used in all cases when the number of subjective judgements according to which EPs have to be classified can be limited to two (or three, when, by slightly changing the system, all quarters of memory are used). PMID- 51726 TI - A digital instantaneous impulse rate meter for neural activity. AB - An instantaneous impulse rate meter is described, which can be used fro the precise instantaneous conversion of neural or heart activity trains in real time. The device is designed in digital technology to meet various requirements which are important for physiological reserach laboratories. PMID- 51727 TI - Conditioning therapy in reading epilepsy. PMID- 51728 TI - [A case of reading epilepsy: effects of attention and reading tests on EEG and "H" reflex]. AB - The effects of attention and reading tests on the EEG and the H reflex were studied in a patient affected by primary reading epilepsy. During the attention tests, EEG was normal while H reflex was facilitated. On the contrary, during reading tests, EEG showed typical epileptic seizures while at the same time, the H reflex was depressed. PMID- 51729 TI - Soleus H reflex and afferent discharges from antagonist muscles. An electrophysiological method of evaluation. AB - The influence of electric activation of the peroneal nerve (i.e., of anterior leg muscles) on the ipsilateral soleus H response was studied in normal, parkinsonian, hemiplegic and spastic spinal paraplegic subjects. The anterior muscles were held in a forced extended position to obtain their maximal stretch during isometric contraction. The stimulus evoking soleus H reflex was delivered after a conditioning stimulus to the peroneal nerve at different intervals, between 10 and 500 msec. The excitability curve of the soleus H reflex obtained in this way showed a rather constant pattern in normal subjects, which significantly differed from that of the parkinsonians. "Pyramidal" patients showed a pattern not significantly disimilar from normals. Parkinsonians were characterized by clear facilitation of the soleus H response for intervals (about 100-150 msce) corresponding to the maximum tension increase on the anterior muscles. PMID- 51730 TI - Proceedings: A controlled trial of sodium valproate in severe epilepsy. PMID- 51731 TI - Proceedings: Stripes, complex cells and seizures. PMID- 51732 TI - Proceedings: Study of a photosensitive family. PMID- 51733 TI - Proceedings: The effect of coloured intermittent photic stimulation (IPS1 on the photoconvulsive response (PCR). PMID- 51734 TI - Proceedings: EEG changes in children with leukaemia during chemotherapy. PMID- 51735 TI - Proceedings: Sodium valproate (Epilim) and photosensitivity. A preliminary report. PMID- 51736 TI - Proceedings: Sodium valproate (Epilim) in the treatment of intractable epilepsy, including some observations on blood levels. PMID- 51737 TI - Proceedings: The effect of sodium valproate (Epilim) on the EEG. PMID- 51738 TI - Proceedings: Reading skills of children with generalized and focal epilepsy attending ordinary school. PMID- 51739 TI - Asymmetries in the flash evoked response following unilateral electro-convulsive therapy. PMID- 51740 TI - Proceedings: A quantitative investigation into the effects of carbamazepine, diazepan and quinalbarbitone on the EEG and visual evoked potential in man. PMID- 51741 TI - Proceedings: Detection of EEG components having high rates of change of frequency. PMID- 51742 TI - Proceedings: Patterns of arousal in comatose patients. PMID- 51743 TI - Proceedings: The significance of the single epileptic fit. PMID- 51744 TI - Proceedings: Behavioral correlates of EEG spectra from continuously recorded 24 h EEGs in schizophrenic and normal subjects. PMID- 51745 TI - Proceedings: Effects of intracarotid sodium amobarbital on bilateral myoclonic status. PMID- 51746 TI - Proceedings: Polygraphic studies of a patient with Kleine-Levin-Critchely syndrome. PMID- 51747 TI - Proceedings: Psychomotor attacks precipitated by sexual intercourse. PMID- 51748 TI - Proceedings: Neonatal EEG-how clinically useful is it? PMID- 51749 TI - Proceedings: Sleep-induced apnea syndrome in 6 children. PMID- 51750 TI - Proceedings: Transient unilateral delta driving. PMID- 51751 TI - Proceedings: Automatic behavior syndrome in patients with excessive daytime somnolence. PMID- 51752 TI - Effects of cerebral transections on longitudinal propagation of spontaneous EEG activity in the rat. PMID- 51753 TI - Proceedings: Computer analysis of clinical EEGs. PMID- 51754 TI - Proceedings: Operant conditioning of EEG for control of human epilepsy. PMID- 51755 TI - Proceedings: Partial tonic seizures with fast, focal spike wave discharges. PMID- 51756 TI - Proceedings: Surface electro-stimulation of brain wave states. PMID- 51757 TI - Proceedings: Can computers see EEGs through muscle activity? PMID- 51758 TI - Proceedings: Evoked potential correlates of cerebral dominance for speech perception in stutterers and non-stutterers. PMID- 51759 TI - Proceedings: Relationships between spectral profiles of backgroung EEG and latencies of the human visual evoked potential (VEP). PMID- 51760 TI - Proceedings: Visual and auditory evoked responses during enflurance anesthesia in man and cats. PMID- 51761 TI - Proceedings: Visual evoked responses (VERs) to geometric shapes. PMID- 51762 TI - Proceedings: Human brainstem potentials: maturational changes in auditory transmission. PMID- 51763 TI - Proceedings: A simplified circuit for stimulus artifact suppression. PMID- 51764 TI - Proceedings: Montages for nasopharyngeal recording: theory and actuality. PMID- 51765 TI - Proceedings: Seizures and apnea secondary to neonatal hypoxia. PMID- 51766 TI - Proceedings: The joint role of EEG with other clinical and laboratory studies in the determination of cerebral death. PMID- 51767 TI - Proceedings: Epileptic seizure prediction. PMID- 51768 TI - Proceedings: An appraisal of EEG in relation to clinical psychology. PMID- 51769 TI - Proceedings: Aetiopathogenic diagnosis of epilepsies by means of a respiration test (oral and nasal hyperventilation). PMID- 51771 TI - Proceedings: Visceral epilepsy in children. PMID- 51770 TI - Proceedings: Memory disturbances after crossed hippocampectomy and fornicotomy with anterior commisurotomy perfored for epileptic seizures. PMID- 51772 TI - Proceedings: Influence of a single intravenous dose of phenytoin on to EEG. PMID- 51773 TI - Proceedings: Abuse of alcohol by epileptic patients. PMID- 51774 TI - Proceedings: Prognostic significance of EEG analysis in epileptic children. PMID- 51775 TI - Proceedings: The use of light emission diodes in photostimulation. PMID- 51776 TI - Proceedings: Visual evoked responses and EEG in children with learning problems. PMID- 51777 TI - Proceedings: Dermatophoric (initial skin resistance) curves in normal children. PMID- 51778 TI - Proceedings: EEG findings in children with Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 51779 TI - Proceedings: Influence of repeated eye movements on the electrical activity of the brain. PMID- 51780 TI - Proceedings: Visual evoked responses and cerebral disorders in children. PMID- 51781 TI - Proceedings: Influence of sleep deprivation on human EEG. PMID- 51783 TI - Proceedings: Polygraphic study of night sleep in idiopathic narcolepsy-cataplexy and in idiopathic hypersomnia. PMID- 51782 TI - Proceedings; Interhemispheral differences in the effect of psychotropic drugs in EEG. PMID- 51784 TI - Proceedings: Slow hedonic hypersynchrony in children with brain damage. PMID- 51785 TI - Proceedings: Postural polymyography in children with minimal brain damage. PMID- 51786 TI - Proceedings: A comparison of the influence of thalamic and hippocampal electrical stimulation on the EEG and behavioural manifestations in chronic rats. PMID- 51787 TI - Proceedings: EEG analysis during different change of consciousness. PMID- 51788 TI - Proceedings: Vestibulometric evaluation of the caloric reaction in children and in adults. PMID- 51789 TI - Proceedings: Influence of pentobarbital on cortical penicillin focus in rats. PMID- 51790 TI - [Diurnal rhythms of thyroid hormones in rooster chicks (Gallus domesticus). 2. Studies on the protein-bound radioiodine and the "free" hormone portion]. AB - In four week old cockerels the plasma was investigated for cyclic changes in total radioactivity, PB131I, PI131I, and "free" thyroid hormones 24 hours after injection of Na131I. Maxima in total radioactivity were observed at 3.00 am and 9.00 pm. They were significant different from the minima at noon (2P less than 0.005). At the same points of the day maxima, resp. minima were found in the PB131I and the "free" hormones. The "free" hormones expressed in per cent of total hormones showed low values at 6.00 am, 3.00 pm, and 9.00 pm. The diurnal changes in haematocrit and albumin concentration were not responsible for the variation of PB131I. In order to eleminate effects of isotope dilution by ingested iodine the PB131I was expressed in per cent of total radioactivity of plasma (= conversion rate) or resp. in per cent of thyroidal radioiodine uptake. The obtained values showed maxima at 6.00 am and 9.00 pm. From that we conclude again on a stimulation of the thyroid at these times. PMID- 51792 TI - Editorial: The use of lead alkyl anti-knock additives in gasoline. PMID- 51791 TI - Inhibition of thyroid function and thyrotrophic activity following the administration of methallibure (ICI-33 828). AB - 1. Goitrogenic action of methallibure (ICI-33828) has been studied in mice gerbil and hedgehog using thyroid weight and histological structure as an index. Liquefaction and vacuolation of thyroid follicles were most prevelant after methallibure administration. 2. The I131 content of the thyroid gland was significantly higher in the methallibure treated groups than in the controls. This denotes a decrease in the rate of discharge of thyroid hormone. 3. Protein bound radioiodine (Pb I131) was low after methallibure administration. 4. Methallibure administration brings about hypertrophy of pituitary thyrotrophs which is also reflected in the increased basophilic cell percentage in gerbil (control: 15.5 percent; methallibure: 22.8 percent). 5. It is concluded that methallibure acts on thyroid function both by a direct effect on the gland as well as by influencing pituitary thyrotrophic activity in enhancing I131 uptake. PMID- 51793 TI - Mouse immunoglobulin genes: studies on the reiteration frequency of light-chain genes by hybridisation procedures. AB - The partially purified immunoglobulin light chain messenger RNA fraction from P3K (MOPC 21) mouse myeloma tissue-culture cells has been employed in hybridisation studies. Fragments of the messenger RNA were generated by alkali hydrolysis. 6-S fragments not containing poly(A) showed the characteristic biphasic hybridisation profile seen with the intact RNA fraction. 12-S and 6-S poly(A)-containing fragments, however, showed single transitions lacking the rapidly hybridising component. Complementary DNA copies of the intact messenger RNA fraction were prepared with RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and the DNA populations fractionated on acrylamide gels. Hybridisation experiments with complementary DNA fractions up to 800 bases in length showed annealing to single (or a few) genes. A rapidly hybridising component (about 200 copies) appears in the cDNA fraction containing the largest transcripts. We conclude that the kappa constant region gene and the MOPC 21 variable region gene are present as one or a few copies in the haploid genome and that the rapidly hybridising component is not due to variable region genes. PMID- 51794 TI - Distinct ribonuclease H activities in calf thymus. AB - Three enzymes with ribonuclease H activity are present in calf thymus. They have been separated on the basis of chromatographic behaviour and molecular weight. They are further distinguished from one another by their ionic requirements and sensitivity to the -SH reagent N-ethylmaleimide. Two of these enzymes are classified as ribonuclease H, the third is obtained in a fraction which possesses ribonuclease H activity but also degrades double-stranded RNA and poly(rA). No association between any of the enzymes and cellular DNA polymerases could be demonstrated. PMID- 51795 TI - Mechanism of action of rifamazine, a member of a new class of (dimeric) rifamycins. AB - 1. Rifamazine (AF/RP) a dimeric rifamycin, is active against bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase and against viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. 2. Rifamazine is active also against DNA-dependent RNA polymerase extracted from rifampicin-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli. It does not interfere with enzyme-template interaction or with RNA elongation. It blocks initiation. 3. A comparison is made between the mechanism of action of rifamazine and that of rifampicin, and of AF/013 (octyloxime of 3-formylrifamycin SV), a C-class rifamycin. Our results show that the mechanism of action of rifamazine is more similar to that of rifampicin than to that of the octyloxime derivative. 4. Activity of rifamazine against RNA polymerase from rifampicin-resistant mutants is thought to be due to binding of the dimer to both the rifamycin-specific binding site and to a second weak site. PMID- 51797 TI - Developmental kinesiology: maturation of basic motor patterns. PMID- 51796 TI - Non-helical sequences of rabbit collagen. Correlation with antigenic determinants detected by rabbit antibodies in homologous regions of rat and calf collagen. AB - Non-helical peptide fragments were isolated from rabbit skin collagen after cleavage of alpha chains with cyanogen bromide and proteases. Determination of their amino acid sequence indicated a length of 9, 16 and 25 amino acid residues for the non-helical sequences located in the N-terminal region of alpha2 and alpha1 chain and in the C-terminal region of alpha1 chain, respectively. The C terminal sequence Tyr-Tyr hitherto considered as the genuine end of collagen alpha1 chain is in part of rabbit collagen extended by two residues, alanine and arginine. Rabbit collagen may differ considerably in its non-helical sequences from other vertebrate collagens, particularly in the C-terminal part. Some but not all of these differences are clustered in areas occupied by antigenic determinants which are recognized in the antibody response of rabbits to rat or calf collagen. On the other hand, a high homology to rabbit collagen, e.g. in the N-terminal region of rat collagen alpha1 chain or calf collagen alpha2 chain, probably prevents immunological recognition by the rabbit. The degree of foreignness alone, however, may not necessarily determine whether a particular non-helical area is able to express immunogenic activity. PMID- 51798 TI - Effect of Normal Immunosuppressive Protein (NIP) on tumor growth in mice. PMID- 51800 TI - Serum protein pattern of mice during infection with single and repeated doses of Ancylostoma caninum larvae. AB - Electrophoretic pattern of serum protein in mice during Ancylostoma caninum larval infection with various single and repeated doses were observed to ascertain whether these changes take place according to their increase in dose levels. Comparison between single and repeatedly infected groups were also made statistically. PMID- 51799 TI - Angiostrongylus cantonensis: preparation of a specific antigen using immunoadsorbent columns. PMID- 51801 TI - Acid hydrolysis and UV-Feulgen staining of DNA-aldehyde. PMID- 51802 TI - Demonstration of membrane-bound immunoglobulin determinants and the significance of a quantitative characterization of the antisera used. AB - Lymphocytes from 22 healthy blood donors were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin determinants on their surfaces by indirect membrane immunofluorescence. The proportion of MemIF+ cells was, on the average, 8.7% (3 18) for IgM and 15.8% (8-28) for IgG. The small differences in the proportion of MemIF+ lymphocytes upon use of various anti-IgM sera could be attributed mainly to the different antibody concentrations. The importance of a quantitative characterization of the antisera used was pointed out. PMID- 51803 TI - Measurements of different parameters of the compound eye of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, and related species. PMID- 51804 TI - Use of the banding technique in analysis of the human karyotype in Hippel-Lindau disease. PMID- 51805 TI - Feedback control of pituitary gonadotropins. PMID- 51806 TI - A new audiovisual educational tool for family planning. PMID- 51808 TI - Reproductive and behavioral control in the male and female cat with progestins: long-term field observations in individual animals. PMID- 51807 TI - Hormones in canine gynecology. A review. PMID- 51809 TI - [Influence of hormonal contraceptives upon carbohydrate metabolism in women with abnormal glucose assimilation during previous pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Carbohydrate metabolism was examined--by means of the 100-gm-glucose standard tolerance test--in 23 patients showing a decrease in glucose tolerance during pregnancy; the examinations were carried out postpartum and after a three months' intake of a hormonal contraceptive (compound preparation: mestranol 0.1 mg, lynestrenol 1.0 mg). The peak values and the two-hour-values, being statistically significant, showed a normalization after delivery, and furthermore again a deterioration of glucose tolerance during the intake of the preparation. A remarkable increase in weight, as a possible cause for the dysbolism during contraception, was not observed. PMID- 51810 TI - Placental antigens and fetoproteins in the urine of rats - indicators of resorption of conceptuses. AB - Placenta-specific antigens and alpha-fetoprotein were detected in the urine of rats with induced abnormal pregnancies. Moreover, in those cases, in which the presumptive diagnosis of intrauterine fetal death or resorption was made, urinary excretion of placental antigens persisted for at least 5 days. PMID- 51811 TI - [Ventricular arrhythmia during glucagon test for pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 51812 TI - Effects of antibiotics on the life cycle of Neurospora crassa. AB - Some antibiotics and synthetic inhibitors affect, in several ways, the life cycle of Neurospora crassa (germination of conidia leads to myceliar growth leads to formation of conidia). Bikaverin, cyanein, scopathricin and phenethyl alcohol retard the germination of conidia, without inhibiting it completely. 5 Fluorouracil, ramihyphin A and zygosporin A (cytochalasin D) do not inhibit the germination. Bikaverin brings about a thickening of the hyphae of growing mycelium. Ramihyphin A, cyanein, scopathricin and zygosporin A stimulate the ramification of hyphae while 5-fluorouracil and phenethyl alcohol do not affect the myceliar morphology apart from their inhibitory effect on growth. Actinomycin D, 5-fluorouracil, cycloheximide, ramihyphin A and partially also sodium iodoacetate inhibit to a different degree the photoinduced formation of conidia. The inhibition by 5-fluorouracil is very conspicuous when the agent is present during the photoinduction but considerably weaker when it is applied 2 h after the photoinduction. PMID- 51813 TI - Protein polymorphism in the Hanuman langur (Presbytis entellus). AB - 26 specimens of Presbytis entellus were examined for a variety of blood proteins. In contrast to previous studies of other species of leaf monkeys, our P.entellus sample proved to be very heterogeneous. Polymorphisms were found in the third component of complement, group-specific component, glycine-rich beta glycoprotein, alpha1-antitrypsin, phosphoglucomutase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase, superoxide dismutase, malate dehydrogenase, and phosphohexose isomerase. Variable band strengths that might represent polymorphism were found in acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase. Further analyses of the P. cristatus sample studied by Barnicot and Hewett-Emmett failed to disclose variation. The interpretation of blood protein variability in relation to sample collection and population structure is discussed. PMID- 51814 TI - [Some effects of an average term of lindane on the microsomal enzymes in the liver of the rat]. PMID- 51815 TI - Relevance of three-dimensional reconstructions of stain distributions for structural analysis of biomolecules. AB - The relevance of a three-dimensional model of a protein molecule is discussed in the context of artefacts which inevitably occur during the preparation and imaging process. It is emphasized that even under optimistic assumptions, there construction of a structure complementary to a given spatial stain distribution cannot, at resolutions below 10-15 A, be regarded as being identical with the real protein structure. PMID- 51816 TI - Comments on the paper "Relevance of three-dimensional reconstructions of stain distributions for structural analysis of biomolecules". PMID- 51817 TI - Some hereditary blood factors of the Bengali Muslim of Bangladesh (red cell enzymes, haemoglobins, and serum proteins). AB - In a sample of Bengali Muslems from Dacca, haptoglobin, group-specific component, haemoglobin, adenosine deaminase, adenylate kinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, acid phosphatase and several other red cell enzyme types were studied. For most serum protein and red cell enzyme systems the gene frequencies are similar to those in other populations to the west of Bangladesh, but others suggest affinity with populations to the east. PMID- 51818 TI - Relative position of trypsin banded homologous chromosomes in human (female) metaphase figures. AB - "Generalized distances" between centromeres were statistically analyzed (chi2 test) on 50 normal female trypsin-banded metaphase figures. This study revealed that the homologous chromosomes of the pairs 13, 17, 14, and 21 lie closer together than would be expected by a reference distribution, and this in a statistically significant way. The same relative position was demonstrated for the chromosome groups 13-14, 13-21, 14-21, 15-22, and 14-22. Evidences were collected that also showed that homologous chromosomes of the pairs 1, 19, and 20 and the chromosome groups 15-21, 13-15, and 18-20 tend to lie closer together. Giving a functional interpretation to the phenomenon of non-random distribution of chromosomes in metaphase figures, it may be suggested that the chromosomes 13, 14, and 21 are involved in the organization of the human nucleolar organizers, more frequently than the other D- and G-group chromosomes. PMID- 51819 TI - Group-specific component in Macaca. AB - The group-specific component in 17 Macaca mulatta was examined. All the individuals revealed the same Gc 1--1 pattern. PMID- 51820 TI - The human complement after trypsin pretreatment as compared to the Paris standard. AB - A composite G-banding diagram after trypsin pretreatment of metaphase chromosomes from 5 different individuals (2 males and 3 females) is presented and compared with the Paris diagram. The patterns obtained by the present technique were very similar to those previously reported. It was found that the darkly staining bands were much more consistent in appearance than the lightly staining bands and that there was little individual variation. PMID- 51821 TI - Variation in trypsin banding at different stages of contraction in human chromosomes and the definition, by measurement, of the "average" karyotype. AB - Ideograms of chromosomes obtained by the trypsin/Leishman method are presented in which the size and position of the bands of chromosomes at different stages of contraction have been defined by measurement. A hypothesis is suggested which could explain the changes observed in the banding pattern between stages of condensation. PMID- 51822 TI - Late replicating bands of human chromosomes demonstrated by fluorochrome and Giemsa staining. AB - The addition of thymidine (TdR) to cells growing in a medium containing 5 bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) at the end of the first replication cycle results in the incorporation of TdR into the late replicating DNA regions. These sites can be visualized by staining the metaphase chromosomes with the fluorescent dye "33258 Hoechst" or a "33258 Hoechst" Giemsa procedure. A sequence of late replication patterns has been established in metaphase chromosomes of cultured human peripheral lymphocytes. The patterns are in agreement with those obtained by the standard autoradiographic procedures, but are more accurate. As is known from autoradiography, late replicating bands are in the position of G or Q bands. The "33258 Hoechst" Giemsa staining procedure of chromosomes which have replicated in the presence of BUdR first and in TdR for the last 2 hrs of the S phase is preferable to the currently used Giemsa banding techniques: the method yields very well banded metaphases in all preparations examined, as the chromosome structure is not disrupted by the pretreatment. The bands are very distinct, even in the "difficult" chromosomes (e.g. No. 4, 5, 8 and X). In female cells the late replicating X chromosome can be identified by its size and staining pattern. In addition to the replication asynchrony, the sequence of replication within both X chromosomes in female cells is not absolutely identical. The phenomenon of a phase difference in replication between the homologues is not a peculiarity of the X chromosome, but can be found in all autosomes as well as in homologous positions on the chromatids of individual chromosomes. PMID- 51823 TI - Relative DNA content of human euchromatin and heterochromatin after G, C and Giemsa 11 banding. AB - Human chromosomes and interphase nuclei labeled with 3H-thymidine and treated with the ASG and trypsin technique for G banding show no DNA loss. However, after G 11 and C banding significantly more DNA is removed from euchromatin than from constitutive heterochromatin. PMID- 51824 TI - Interchromosomal DNA-containing fibres in human cells. AB - Interchromosomal fibres were observed by light microscopy in metaphases of HeLa cells and human lymphocytes prepared by spreading on a water surface. Autoradiography after labelling with tritiated thymidine showed that the fibres contained DNA. They were resistant to pronase treatment. PMID- 51825 TI - Identification of interspecific translocation chromosomes in human-Chinese hamster hybrid cells. AB - Chromosome material of human and Chinese hamster origin can be stained differentially in human-Chinese hamster translocation chromosomes by use of the Giemsa-11 staining technique. PMID- 51826 TI - Cultured human lymphoid cells: tools for the biological and molecular characterization of antigens and their recognition systems. PMID- 51827 TI - Lymphocyte stimualtion by a mammary carcinoma assoicated glycoprotein. AB - A glycoprotein was isolated from 3M KCl extracts of mammary carcinoma. Addition of an optimal amount of the carcinoma associated glycoprotein induces proliferation of both peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors and from patients with mammary carcinoma. RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase levels were found to be markedly increased in glycoprotein-untreated lymphocytes from patients with mammary carcinoma and in glycoprotein-treated lymphocytes of both normal donors and tumor-bearing patients. A factor ("Blocking Factor") was eluted at pH 3.1 from the cell membrane of the mammary carcinoma cells. Addition of an optimal amount of this factor inhibits the glycoprotein induced stimulation of the RNA dependent DNA-polymerase activity in glycoprotein-treated lymphocytes of both normal donors and tumor-bearing patients. PMID- 51828 TI - Inhibition of T- and B-lymphocyte functions by normal immunosuppressive protein. AB - Normal immunosuppressive protein (NIP) isolated from human plasma was studied in two well defined systems. (1) Spontaneous rosettes of sheep red blood cells with human peripheral blood lymphocytes and PHA-induced lymphocyte cytotoxicity as indicators for T-cell function. (2) Rosette formation tests of human lymphocytes with antibody-coated erythrocytes or erythrocytes coated with antibody and complement as well as antibody-induced lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity represented non-T-cell activity. While NIP did not inhibit the formation of any of the above mentioned rosettes, it practically prevented both PHA-induced and antibody-mediated lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Relatively small amounts of NIP inhibited PHA-induced cytotoxicity while higher doses were required for the inhibition of antibody-mediated lymphocyte cytotoxicity. Possible mechanisms of its suppressive activity are discussed. NIP was found to be heat-stable and did not show any species specificity, as NIP preparations from human plasma were immunosuppressive in human, mouse and guinea-pig systems. PMID- 51829 TI - Alteration of the antibody response to Escherichia coli O antigen in mice by prior exposure to various somatic antigens. AB - In the present study in mice we used the Jerne plaque assay to compare the immunity enhancing potential of different Gram-negative bacteria with special regard to their endotoxin. The results confirm the recent finding that injection of Escherichia coli bacteria of various serotypes may enhance the IgG antibody response to the O antigen of a serologically unrelated E. coli strain injected subsequently, but may suppress the IgM antibody formation. The O antibodies formed were of low avidity but were antigen specific. Smaller amounts of antibodies were formed to a serologically unrelated antigen, E. coli O76, which had not been injected. Of the strains tested as primary stimuli E. coli O4 gave considerably greater enhancement than any other serotype including the homologous E. coli O6, when a short interval between the injections was used. The influence of O4 on the serologically unrelated anti-O6 response was stronger than on the response to the cross-reactive E. coli O18 antigen, suggesting that O antigen cross-reactivity is not the basis for the immunomodulation. Formalin-killed bacteria were more effective in this respect than boiled bacteria or purified lipopolysaccharide and rough mutants (E. coli R1--R4) and E. coli O4 were less effective than many of the other smooth E. coli. These findings suggest that shared determinants in the lipid, basic carbohydrate core or Kunin common antigen portions of the endotoxin do not play the major immunomodulating role in this system. Salmonella reading but not Pseudomonas aeruginosa affected the anti-E. coli O6 response in a similar manner. One explanation for the alterations in the immune response observed implies the presence of an antigen determinant shared by many Enterobacteriaceae in such a position in relation to the O antigen that it can be utilized for cellular co-operative events in the O antibody response. The protein portion of the endotoxin protein--lipid--carbohydrate complex is a possible location. PMID- 51830 TI - A radioisotopic method to measure delayed type hypersensitivity in the mouse. I. Studies in sensitized and normal mice. AB - Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) lesions have been difficult to evaluate objectively in the mouse because they are usually assessed in terms of an increase in footpad swelling or ear thickness. We have developed a radioisotopic method which not only reduces the observer's error but also gives an objective measurement of the cellular activity in the lesions. In brief, 10 mul of the test antigen is injected intradermally into the left pinna and either nothing or the same volume of a control solution into the right. 10 h later, a 2-muCi pulse of 5 iodo-2'deoxyuridine-125I is given intravenously, the ears cut off at the hairline 16 h later and the radioactivity counted in a gamma spectrometer. The following was obtained as evidence that the increased radioactivity of the left pinna over the right was a measure of the extent of a DTH response: (1) the ear reaction was delayed in mice without serum antibodies becoming maximum at 24 h; (2) there was a mononuclear cell infiltration in the left pinna and autoradiographs revealed radioactive label bound to these cells; (3) athymic mice could not develop a 24 hour ear reaction, and (4) antigens known not to activate T cells did not elicit the ear response. Cell transfer studies will be described in a subsequent paper. Different sensitization regimes were required with different antigens in order to obtain the highest levels of DTH as tested by the ear response, and the maximal ear reaction occurred at different days. The ear reaction showed the specificity expected of a DTH response. PMID- 51831 TI - Detection in colorectal carcinoma patients of antibody cytotoxic to established cell strains derived from carcinoma of the human colon and rectum. AB - Sera from eight of 15 patients with colonic carcinoma exhibited demonstrable cytotoxicity against an established cell strain derived from adenocarcinoma of the ileocecum, HCT-8. Sera from 12 of 16 patients with rectal carcinoma were cytotoxic for an established cell strain derived from an adenocarcinoma of the rectum, HRT-18. Patients with colonic carcinoma exhibited serum cytotoxicity against only the colonic target cells, whereas patients with rectal carcinoma gave significant cytotoxicity against both cell strains. This cytotoxicity was shown to be complement-dependent and appeared to be specific for colonic and/or rectal carcinoma cells. Although the cells produced carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in vitro, the cytotoxic antibody response in these patients did not appear to be directed against CEA. Serum cytotoxicity was not demonstrated against two other cell strains, HCT-48 and HT-29, derived from adenocarcinomas of the human colon, except for a reaction against a blood-group-related antigen. These cell strains had comparable levels of cell-associated CEA. The routine titration of cytotoxic antibody against these established cell cultures may provide meaningful information on the host's immune response to colorectal neoplasms. PMID- 51832 TI - Specificity of cell-mediated cytotoxicity against human melanoma lines: evidence for "non-specific" killing by activated T-cells. AB - The specificity of cell-mediated cytotoxicity against melanoma cells in vitro has been analyzed in a large number of studies with cells both from normal and melanoma subjects. As in a number of other, recent, similar human studies, no evidence for tumour specificity was found. Effector cells in peripheral blood responsible for the cytotoxic raction were examined by cell separation methods based on red cell rosette formation and separation through Hypaque-Ficoll mixtures. The evidence suggests that non-specificity results from killing by cells separating largely in the non-sheep red blood cell rosetting fraction and which have cytotoxic specificity directed broadly to cells with abnormal membranes. Further analysis revealed that the cells were non-phagocytic and did not bear receptors for complement. They appear to be activated into cell division and to bear surface receptors for the Fc portion of IgG. Additional evidence is presented suggesting that the cells mainly responsible are activated thymus dependent cells present in the circulation of both tumour-bearing and normal subjects. PMID- 51834 TI - Studies of lymphocyte stimulation by intact tumor-cell and solubilized tumor antigen. AB - BALB/c mice were rendered immune to syngeneic SV40-induced sarcoma by subcutaneous injection of mKSA-TU5 tissue-culture adapted cells. Spleen cells from immune mice were examined for tumor-cell neutralization in the Winn assay as well as in in vitro lymphocyte stimulation assays. A microculture (200 mul) lymphocyte stimulation (LS) assay utilizing immune spleen cells was employed with mixed lymphocyte/tumor-cell cultures (MLTC) and the papain crude soluble (CS) extracts from mKSA-TU5 cells. Specificity in the LS assay was determined using spleen cells from mice immune to other syngeneic tumors and by soluble antigenic preparation of normal BALB/c spleen cells. The Winn assay studies demonstrated that spleen cells from mKSA-sensitized mice neutralized mKSA tumor cells and this was corroborated by their resistance to direct tumor challenge. Positive lymphocyte transformation responses in MLTC were observed when mKSA-TU5 sensitized spleen cells were mixed with mitocycin-C-treated intact tumor cells or when papain-solubilized antigens of mKSA cells were employed, but not with non immune spleen cells or with a soluble antigen from normal cells. Papain solubilized antigen preparations employed in in vitro assays also immunized against challenge with mKSA tumor cells. Specificity of these lymphocyte transformation reactions was demonstrated with non-sensitized lymphoid cells or lymphoid cells from mice sensitized with a syngeneic Kirsten virus-induced respond. Thus, mKSA tumor surface antigens were recognized on intact tumor cells or with microgram quantities of papain-solubilized extracts from these tumor cells. We believe the lymphocyte stimulation assay affords a method for demonstrating the presence of tumor-specific antigen and for monitoring further purification procedures. PMID- 51833 TI - Non-organ-specific and tumour-specific antibodies in children with Wilms' tumour. AB - Sera from groups of children with Wilms' tumour, with non-renal solid tumours, and from control children were studied by immunofluorescence and by absorption techniques. A high proportion of sera from both tumour groups contained non-organ specific auto-antibodies. Three of the 45 sera in the Wilms' group and one of the 27 sera in the "other" solid tumour group contained antibody reacting with normal kidney cells. Only one of 45 sera in the Wilms' tumour group contained tumour specific antibody. PMID- 51835 TI - Sequential in vitro reactivity of lymphocytes from melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy compared with the reactivity of lymphocytes from healthy donors. AB - A microcytotoxicity technique was used to determine the sequential in vitro reactivity against melanoma cells of lymphocytes from melanoma patients receiving immunotherapy and from healthy donors. Lymphocytes were collected 2 weeks for 2-3 months and were stored in liquid nitrogen until use. Preliminary studies had indicated that freezing did not effect the reactivity of lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from 10 healthy donors tested against melanoma cells exhibited substantial reactivity which showed no consistent pattern over time. Lymphocytes from 9 melanoma patients exhibited increased reactivity after immunotherapy. Patterns of reactivity against melanoma cells and against bladder carcinoma cells were similar, indicating lack of specificity for melanoma antigens. Correlations with clinical course of the disease were not apparent. PMID- 51836 TI - Leukocyte adherence inhibition and specific immunoreactivity in malignant melanoma. AB - The leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test has been used to assess specific anti-tumour immunoreactivity in 80 patients with malignant melanoma, 21 of whom had apparently been successfully treated by surgery, and 44 control subjects. Reaction with melanoma extracts in vitro enabled the activity of blood leukocytes to be detected by inhibition of their adherence to glass, while serum was tested for factors which modified this inhibition. Of the patients with tumours (ranging from primary melanoma in situ to advanced disseminated disease), 22/24 had active leukocytes and 50/58 has serum blocking factor; two of the sera, from patients with regressing tumours were unblocking. After surgery with no clinical recurrence, leukocytes continued to be active except when tested several years after operation. Blocking factor rapidly disappeared in 16/20 patients tested, and in several patients examined serially the serum became unblocking. In three cases, persistence of serum blocking was followed by clinical diagnosis of metastases. Leukocyte activity was nerver detected in control subjects (0/10), many of whom had other kinds of tumours or skin lesions. Blocking activity in serum was found in only 3/38 controls with no history of melanoma (1 had a fibrosing cellular blue naevus and 2 had liver disease). Thus the LAI test correlated well with clinical and pathological findings, and shows great promise for the reliable, rapid and specific immunodiagnosis of malignant melanoma. PMID- 51837 TI - Severe arterial hypertension caused by chronical abuse of a topical mineralocorticoid. AB - A 24-year-old woman was referred to our clinic because of severe hypocalemic hypertension and latent myocardial insufficiency. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were lowered. Plasma cortisol concentrations and the urinary excretion of vanillin mandelic acid were found within normal range. Some efforts to identify a specific adrenal enzymatic defect were unsuccessful. By combined therapy with spironolactone, methyldopa and clonidine, the blood pressure was significantly lowered, but not normalized. Triamterene had also an expressed hypotensive effect and induced orthostatic phenomena. After six months of hypotensive drug therapy, the patient's mother reported that her daughter consumed for more than seven years high doses of special nasal drops containing, beside ephedrine and naphazoline, the potent mineralocorticoid 9-alpha fluoroprednisolone. A strong drug-dependence to the naphazoline component could be evaluated. The application of the mineralocorticoid was stopped, and only a slight low-sodium diet had to be added to restore the long-standing elevated blood pressure to normal PMID- 51839 TI - Tumor growth inhibition by ammonium chloride-induced acidosis. AB - Ammonium chloride-induced metabolic acidosis decreases the growth of various experimental tumors. Spleen exhibits the same effects. There is a sex factor which seems to affect the growth of both tumor and spleen. The observed tumor inhibition appears to be related to a systemic impairment of the anabolic mechanisms. The decrease in tumor calcium suggests that this element may play a role in the tissue growth. The possible implication of cell membrane changes and of a block in glycolysis in the acidosis effects are discussed. PMID- 51838 TI - The metabolic spectrum of halofenate. AB - Halofenate is a new antilipemic drug which is an ester of carboxylic acid. In dosages ranging from 10 to 15 mg/kg, halofenate produces prominent decreases in serum triglycerides and uric acid, with only a slight reduction in serum cholesterol. The decrease in serum uric acid is due to augumented uricosuria. Halofenate is less antilipemic, but more antiuricemic than clofibrate. It apparently interferes with the protein binding of some hormones (thyroid) and drugs (tolbutamide), which can produce changes in the laboratory or clinical findings. In general, halofenate was well tolerated, except for occasional gastrointestinal symptoms. PMID- 51840 TI - Automated cytology. PMID- 51841 TI - [The operated on heart]. PMID- 51842 TI - The thyrotropin-stimulation test in patients with solitary hot nodules of the thyroid gland. AB - Thyrotropin (TSH)-stimulation tests were performed on 21 patients with solitary hot nodules in the thyroid gland. Twelve of the patients were euthyroid and nine were hyperthyroid. The average age of the euthyroid patients was 38 +/- 14 (SD) years, and that of the hyperthyroid patients, 55 +/- 8 years. Prior to TSH stimulation, the scanograms of the euthyroid patients showed 131I uptake only in the nodules, while after the TSH test, almost equal uptake was observed in both lobes. The scanograms of the hyperthyroid patients that showed 131I uptake only in the area of the nodules prior to the TSH test showed no appreciable change after TSH stimulation. PMID- 51843 TI - [20 years of periampullary carcinoma. Treatment and postoperative complications]. PMID- 51844 TI - Relationships between mitochondrial content and glycogen distribution in porcine muscle fibres. AB - Serial sections of longissimus dorsi and rectus femoris muscles from 15 Yorkshire breed pigs (live weights 24-46 and 49-139 kg) were stained for glycogen (PAS) and a mitochondrial enzyme (NAD tetrazolium reductase). Muscle fibres with a low mitochondrial content in both muscles were more frequently PAS-positive than fibres with a high or intermediate mitochondrial content. However, some pigs had all their muscle fibres PAS-positive while one pig with a high post-mortem muscle pH had all rectus femoris fibres PAS-negative. Relative to lighter weight pigs, longissimus dorsi muscles of heavy pigs tended to have less fibres with a high mitochondrial content and less fibres with a positive PAS reaction. Compared to longissimus dorsi muscles, rectus femoris muscles had more fibres with a high mitochondrial content and less with a positive PAS reaction. All fibres in both muscles became PAS-negative with an accompanying decrease in pH by 24 hr post mortem. Fibres from longissimus dorsi muscles frequently had PAS-positive sarcoplasmic cores between their myofibrils. Heavy pigs tended to have larger cores (up to a mean maximum diameter of 13.4 mum), more fibres with cores, and more cores per fibre. The pigs involved exhibited no other ante- or post-mortem muscle abnormalities. PMID- 51845 TI - The establishment of a venereal disease clinic: II. An appraisal of current diagnostic methods in uncomplicated urogenital and rectal gonorrhea. AB - Some of the diagnostic procedures for uncomplicated urogenital and rectal gonorrhea were studied in a university-based venereal disease clinic. On the basic of our results, recommendations are made concerning the types of media to be used, sites to be sampled, methods of obtaining specimens, and other diagnostic considerations. We conclude that ongoing quality control including a review of diagnostic procedures should be carried on in all venereal disease clinics. PMID- 51848 TI - Glycoprotein enzymes secreted by Aspergillus fumigatus: purification and properties of a second beta-glucosidase. AB - A second extracellular beta-glucosidase (betalarge) of Aspergillus fumigatus was purified to homogeneity and shown to be a glycoprotein, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by staining for protein and for carbohydrate. Its molecular weight was approximately 340,000 by gel filtration, while sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gave an apparent molecular weight of 170,000, suggesting that the enzyme has two subunits. The glucosidase contained covalently bound sugars consisting of about 2 mol of glucosamine and 16 mol of mannose per mol of protein. The carbohydrate was found to be attached to the peptide via glucosaminyl leads to peptide linkage, possibly to asparagine residues. At pH 4.5 this enzyme readily hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (Km = 0.88 mM) and cleaved two glucose disaccharides: gentiobiose (beta,1 leads to 6; Km = 0.75 mM) and cellobiose (beta,1 leads to 4; Km = 0.84 mM). Although its activity is similar to that of a previously purified beta-glucosidase (betasmall), the two enzymes differ with respect to their pH activity profiles, substrate specificities, and molecular weights. Also double diffusion tests with anti-betasmall antiserum and both purified beta-glucosidases revealed a nonidentical cross-reaction. Microcomplement fixation of native and periodate-oxidized betasmall suggested that the oligosaccharide chain(s) was not a major antigenic site. PMID- 51847 TI - Macromolecular synthesis in Streptomyces antibioticus: in vitro systems for aminoacylation and translation from young and old cells. AB - In vitro systems for the aminoacylation of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) and for polypeptide synthesis have been constructed from young (12-h cultures, not producing actinomycin) and old (48-h cultures, producing actinomycin) cells of Streptomyces antibioticus. When Escherichia coli aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were used to acylate S. antibioticus tRNA's, it was observed that, per absorbance unit of tRNA, the tRNA's from 48-h cells had a lower ability to accept the amino acids, leucine, serine, pheynlalanine, methionine, and valine than did the tRNA's from 12-h cells. Individual differences were observed between aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases from 12-h cells and those from 48-h cells with respect to the rate and extent of aminoacylation of E. coli tRNA with the five amino acids listed above. In vitro systems for the synthesis of polyphenylalanine have been constructed from 12- and 48-h cells. Ribsomes and soluble enzymes from 12-h cells are more efficient than those from 48-h cells in supporting polyphenylalanine synthesis, and, although the activity of both systems can be stimulated by the addition of E. coli tRNA, the higher level of incorporation observed in the unstimulated 12-h system (ribosomes and soluble enzymes) is maintained. Indeed, the difference in capacity for polyphenylalanine synthesis between in vitro systems from 12- and 48-h cells is greater when the systems are maximally stimulated by E. coli tRNA. Cross-mixing experiments reveal that enzymes from 48 h cells support a slightly higher level of polyphenylalanine synthesis than enzymes from 12-h cells with ribosomes from either cell type, and that the ribosomes are the primary agents responsible for the decreased efficiency of the in vito system from 48-h cells are compared with that from 12-h cells. To determine whether ribosome-associated factors were responsible for the relative inefficiency of the ribosomes from 48-h cells in translation, salt-washed ribosomes from 12- and 48-h cells were examined for their abilities to catalyze polyphenylalanine synthesis. Even after salt washing, ribosomes from 12-h cells were about five times higher in specific activity (counts per minute of polyphenylalanine synthesized per absorbance at 260 nm of ribosomes) than equivalent amounts of ribosomes from 48-h cells. Analysis of the proteins of salt washed ribosomes of the two cell types by acrylamide gel electrophoresis suggests that the relative amounts of individual proteins present on ribosomes from 12-h cells are different from the amounts present on ribosomes from 48-h cells. These results are discussed in terms of the regulation of translation in S. antibioticus. PMID- 51846 TI - How to make the diagnosis of rectal gonorrhea in men. AB - A simple quick method of diagnosing male rectal gonorrhea, applicable to office practice, is described using conventional staining techniques and microscopy. Photomicrographs of clinical smears serve as a guide line to practitioners. Neigon Jembec plates proved superior to Transgrow media for the culturing of isolates from 100 patients who had shown gram-negative diplococci at the initial microscopic investigation. Heretofore, lack of standardized diagnostic techniques have left male rectal gonorrhea a seldom recognized potential reservoir of infection. PMID- 51850 TI - Cell adhesion to polymeric materials: implications with respect to biocompatibility. AB - The adhesion of radio-labeled chick embryo muscle cells to the surfaces of radiation grafted hydrogels and other polymeric materials was measured in vitro. The degree of adhesion was determined by measuring the percentage of cells which remained adherent to the surfaces after 180 min of contact time (plating efficiency). Plating efficiency was found to vary between 2 and 94% depending on the nature of the surface. Preadsorption of albumin, gamma-globulin or fibrinogen markedly affected subsequent adhesion of cells. Radiation grafted poly(2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) hydrogels on silicone rubber demonstrated exceptionally low adhesiveness in this assay. The potential for using this cell adhesion assay as a general screening test for biomaterials is discussed. PMID- 51851 TI - Cyclic amp and cell morphology in cultured fibroblasts. Effects on cell shape, microfilament and microtubule distribution, and orientation to substratum. AB - The change in shape of 3T3 and L929 cells due to Bt2cAMP treatment is accompanied by altered intracellular distribution of microfilaments and microtubules. Bt2cAMP added to cells in low density culture causes (a) microfilaments to accumulate in bundles near the plasma membrane, mainly at the cell periphery, and (b) microtubules to accumulate beneath these microfilament bundles. In narrow cell processes that form characteristically in Bt2cAMP-treated L cells, microtubules accumulate in parallel arrays near the center of these processes. A new simple method for evaluating the relative distance of the cell from its underlying substratum is desribed. In normal medium, 3T3 cells attach to their substratum near the nucleus and at the tips of cell processes, bridging irregularities in the plastic surface. With Bt2cAMP treatment, attachment occurs at the cell edge and at many isolated points under the cytoplasm, and the cells conform more closely to irregularities of the underlying substratum. A model of the mechanism by which cAMP modulates cell shape is presented. PMID- 51852 TI - Ribonucleoprotein components in liver cell nuclei as visualized by cryoultramicrotomy. AB - The interphase nucleus of the normal rat hepatocyte has been studied in ultrathin frozen sections after glutaraldehyde fixation and the modification of various staining procedures known to be specific for DNA structures (Moyne's thallium stain, Gautier's osmium-ammine) or preferential for RNP carriers and basic proteins (regressive stains based on the use of EDTA or citrate, negatively charged colloidal iron). The results are comparable to those obtained after classical dehydration and embedding. Particular attention has been paid to the nucleolus and extranucleolar RNP components, such as perichromatin fibrils and granules, as well as interchromatin granules. A striking observation was the uneven size and the strongly increased number of perichromatin granules, and the appearance of a contiguous interchromatin net, containing nucleoproteins. Cryoultramicrotomy without embedding appears to be very useful for the exploration of the nucleus in thick sections which remain sufficiently transparent even with the usual accelerating voltages. PMID- 51849 TI - The contribution of phosphorylation and loss of COOH-terminal arginine to the microheterogeneity of myelin basic protein. AB - Two guinea pig myelin basic protein preparations which differed markedly in their contents of high pH electrophoretic or chromatographic forms were studied in an attempt to elucidate the causes of their microheterogeneity. Both total preparations and components isolated therefrom were examined for their amino acid compositions, NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal residues, total phosphorus contents, amd contents of phosphamino acids. The results showed that the five components differed sequentially by a single charge and that the microgeterogeneity arose as a result of secondary modifications of a single secies (Component 1) Of basic protein. Two modifications were demonstrated; viz. phosphorylation of serine and threonine and loss of COOH-terminal arginine. These two modifications were insufficient to account completely for the observed microheterogeneity; an additional cause, deamidation, was postulated. From the relationship between the number of components present in the total basic protein, the phosphorus and phosphoamino acid contents of the components, and the changes in relative electrophoretic mobility of the components which accompanied their phosphorylation and dephosphorylation we conclude that in the native basic protein no more than two sites in any polypeptide chain are phosphorylated. PMID- 51853 TI - Thermal degradation of actinomycins to dioxopiperazines. PMID- 51854 TI - Androgen-binding proteins in human benign prostatic hypertrophy. AB - Prostatic samples were surgically removed from 7 patients suffering from benign prostatic hypertrophy. High-speed supernatants (cytosol) containing 20-25 mg of protein/ml were prepared. Glycerol gradient ultracentrifugations were performed, using cytosol labeled at 0 C with 2-5 nM 3H-17beta-hydroxy-androstan-3-one (androstanolone or dihydrotestosterone) alone, or in the presence of 50-250-fold excess of androstanolone, estradiol, or androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol (androstanediol). Two high-affinity saturable binding components were observed. One binding component was the androgen receptor. Its sedimentation coefficient was 8 S in low-salt medium. It had a high affinity for androstanolone. The binding of 3H-androstanolone was strongly completed by androstanolone itself, less by estradiol, and not by androstanediol. In one case, endogenous androstanolone found in the 8 S region of glycerol gradients was measured by radioimmunoassay, and it was calculated that more than 90% of the cytosol receptor binding sites might be occupied by this steroid while the total binding capacity of the 8 S receptor was estimated to approximate 2.6 pmol of androstanolone/g of prostate. No testosterone was found in the receptor fraction. The second binding component was attributable, at least in part, to the sex steroid-binding plasma protein (SBP), as indicated by its sedimentation coefficient (congruent to 4 S in low salt medium), its high affinity for androstanolone and androstanediol and its lower affinity for estradiol, and finally, its migration on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In one instance, the concentration of the SBP-like protein in prostate cytosol was measured by equilibrium dialysis, and it was calculated that the binding capacity of the prostate SBP-like component corresponded to 4 pmol of androstanolone/g of prostate, a small (less than 5%) value with regard to SBP concentration in the plasma of the same patient. The blood contamination of the cytosol, as obtained from the measurement of hemoglobin, did not account for the amount of SBP found in the prostate sample. Since SBP-like protein is probably of plasma origin, to determine whether SBP was located in the extracellular space or inside the prostate cells, BPH slices from another patient were incubated in the presence of 3H-testosterone, the cytosol was prepared, and was fractionated by Sephadex G-150 column chromatography. The androstanolone/testosterone ratio in the receptor containing peak was high (1.7), whereas in the incubation medium it was very low (0.08). In the peak containing the SBP-like protein, the ratio was 0.74, which may suggest that all or part had been exposed to the predominant androstanolone environment inside the prostatic cell. PMID- 51855 TI - Use of electron microscopy for detection of viral and other microbial contaminants in bovine sera. AB - A total of 25 lots of bovine serum samples were pelleted in Beem capsules for thin sectioning and were examined by electron microscopy. These included 17 lots of fetal bovine serum pools and five lots of calf serum pools obtained from commercial sources, and three lots of adult bovine serum from local dairy farms. Virus-like particles, 50 to 300 nm in diameter, were detected in 17 of 25 (68%) of the sera. Five of 25 serum samples showed the presence of mycoplasma-like agents. Incubation of bovine serum at 35 C for 1 or 2 weeks appeared to destroy some of these agents, but in certain instances it enhanced bacteria and bacteriophage contaminants. The advantages of electron microscopy using the thin sectioning technique for detection of microbial contamination in bovine sera are illustrated. PMID- 51856 TI - Improved recognition and quantitation technique for oncornaviruses. AB - A technique to recognize and quantitate oncornaviruses using perforated pointed BEEM capsules has been developed in our laboratory. Virus samples that presented problems in counting, or those which could not be evaluated at all by negative staining, could be clearly defined and counted using the thin-sectioning BEEM capsule technique. Perforation of the BEEM capsule allowed rapid infiltration of reagents into the tip of the virus pellet and made further manipulation and orientation unnecessary. The sensitivity of this technique, determined by making serial dilutions of viral concentrates, allows observation of as few as 5 times 10(5) virus particles per ml. Precision in counting by this technique varied only +/- 0.3 log in repeat aliquots of identical concentrated virus samples quantitated, making this a highly useful and reliable system. PMID- 51857 TI - Screen for type-C ribonucleic acid viruses in vaccines using the ribonucleic acid dependent deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase assay. AB - The ribonucleic acid-dependent deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase assay was used to detect type-C viruses in live virus vaccines. Conditions were first established to maximize the sensitivity of the assay. Vaccines tested included live poliomyelitis, rubella, measles, mumps, and yellow fever. Only yellow fever and measles vaccines known to have been produced in avian leukosis-contaminated cells showed evidence of type-C viruses using the assay. The result of the survey show that the assay has direct practical application to the problem of detecting latent agents in biological products intended for human use. PMID- 51859 TI - Effect of decalcifying agents on the staining of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Lymph nodes from guinea pigs inoculated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis were fixed in buffered formalin, then treated for the recommended times in Gooding and Stewart's fluid, EDTA, aqueous nitric acid, von Ebner's fluid, and rapid decalcifier (RDC). The blocks were processed to paraffin wax and sections were stained by the Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Only in sections of the blocks treated with RDC were no acid alcohol fast bacilli demonstrable. Hydrochloric acid is a known constituent of RDC and it was found that Myco. tuberculosis is altered by treatment with 2-5M solutions of hydrochloric acid and above and cannot subseuqently be demonstrated by the Ziehl-Neelsen stain. From these results it is recommended that calcified tissue from patients in whom there is a suspicion of tuberculosis should be decalcified with an agent other than RDC. PMID- 51858 TI - New method for the removal of extraneous proteins from purified oncornaviruses. AB - Conventional methods (i.e. gradient centrifugation) for the purification of oncornaviruses are usually not effective in complete removal of nonviral proteins. Such contaminants often prove to be a nuisance in subsequent immunological or biochemical studies. Hyperimmune sera prepared from these viruses must be absorbed to assure specificity; cell-derived proteins can be shown to interfere with studies of virus structural proteins, nucleic acids, or viral enzymes. Herein is described a method for removal of most of these contaminants. Viruses are diluted in a high concentration of NaCl to achieve a final concentration of 15%, incubated for 30 min, sedimented, and resuspended in buffer. This procedure results in reductions of up to 48% of the protein without affecting particle count. Immunological, biochemical, and biological properties are not adversely affected. Of the proteins removed, fetal calf serum components and a ribonuclease (presumably cell-derived) were identified. This technique differs significantly from other high-salt methods in that the virus is not precipitated from suspension. It is believed that absorbed proteins are desorbed and left in solution (or suspension) as the virus is sedimented by centrifugation. PMID- 51860 TI - Effects of ipsilateral and contralateral counterirritation on experimentally produced itch in human beings. AB - The experimental study of itch was reviewed, and an experiment performed to test the effects of ipsilateral and contralateral counterirritation distal to the itching wrist. Each of the 18 subjects served in all experimental conditions, receiving cowage as the itch stimulus and a placebo. Counterirritation consisted of a 10-sec immersion of the fingers into a 2 degrees C water bath. Lateral differences both in response to cowage and to counterirritation were obtained. In general, counterirritation reduced itch significantly more than the control procedure during the treatment period and the first three intervals following treatment. The results of the present experiment suggest a central mechanism attenuating the sensation of itch. PMID- 51861 TI - Glycogenolysis and control of anaphylactic histamine release by cyclic adenosine monophosphate--related agents. AB - The relationship of glycogen and glucose to anaphylactic histamine release from chopped sensitized guinea pig lung in vitro was studied. A parallelism was observed between the total amount of glycogen in the sensitized lung and the total amount of histamine released from the lung by antigen-antibody reactions. Removal of glucose from the medium for tissue suspension resulted in reduction in histamine release. Depletion of glycogen and/or glucose from the system was associated with (1) abolition of the inhibition of histamine release by isoproterenol and high concentrations of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and (2) increase in the rate of enhancement of histamine release by lower concentrations of dibutyryl cyclic AMP. The results indicate that (1) glycogen may be one of the ultimate energy sources for anaphylactic histamine release, and (2) the presence of adequate amounts of glycogen and/or glucose in the sensitized tissue is necessary for the normal beta adrenergic effects on the histamine release in vitro from sensitized lung fragments. PMID- 51862 TI - Glycogenolysis and control of anaphylactic histamine release by cyclic adenosine monophosphate-related agents. II. Modification of histamine release by glycogenolytic metabolites. AB - D-glucose-6-phosphate (less than or equal to 5 x 10(-3) M), pyruvate, lactate (less than or equal to 1 X 10(-2) M), and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (less than 5 X 10( 3) M) were capable of inhibiting anapylactic histamine release in vitro from chopped guinea pig lung. In lower concentrations, pyruvic acid and lactate, as well as dibutyryl cyclic AMP, enhanced the release. Significant synergism was observed betweenpyruvate (5 X 10(-3) M) and isoproterenol (1 X 10(-8) M) in the inhibition of histamine release. The inhibitory actions of isoproterenol, glucose 6-phosphate, and pyruvate were influenced by calcium ion concentration. However, beta blockade, which diminished the isoproterenol effect, was without efect on pyruvate (1 X 10(-2) M) to the release system. Glucose-6-phosphate and isoproterenol did not have this effect. The results, together with a prevouus study, suggest that glycogenolysis may possess a role in the anaphylactic istamine release in vitro from sensitized lung fragments... PMID- 51863 TI - Histamine release from human leukocytes: modulation by cadmium ion. AB - The effect of cadmium on histamine release was studied in relation to the role of calcium. The antigenic histamine release from peripheral leukocytes of ragweed sensitive patients was inhibitied in the presence of cadmium (greater than 10(-5) M). Spontaneous histamine release was not affected by cadmium except for an enhancement observed in high concentrations (greater than or equal to 10(-3)M). Cadmium did not seem to affect the first stage of histamine release but to act mainly on the calcium-dependent second stage. Increasing the level of calcium in the medium could antagonize the inhibitory effect of cadmium. The effect of cadmium could be totally abolished by deuterium oxide and partially by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in certain concentrations. These results would indicate that: (1) cadmium acts as an antagonist of calcium and can be used for the study of the role of calcium in histamine release, (2) the action of calcium in the histamine release reaction seems to be related to the microtubular system, (3) cyclic AMP may potentiate histamine release when the action of calcium is inhibited. PMID- 51864 TI - The isolation of allergens from the green pea. AB - The aqueous extract of green peas was separated into 3 fractions (albumin, legumin, and vicilin) by dialysis against distilled water and isoelectric precipitation. The major antigenic and all of the allergenic activity of the pea extract was associated with the albumin fraction. The albumin fraction retains its allergenicity upon heating at 60 degrees C for 30 min or boiling at 100 degrees C for 5 min, but becomes partially inactivated by autoclaving at 120 degrees C for 15 min. The allergenic determinant expressed by the albumin fraction appears to be common to several other members of the legume family. In addition, the pea dialysate fraction was shown to specifically inhibit precipitin and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions involving rabbit antipea serum and the pea albumin fraction, and histamine release from passively sensitized monkey lung tissue using the serum of pea-sensitive patients. PMID- 51865 TI - Applying concepts of visual perception to formats of hospital menus. AB - Standardized printed menu formats for all diets utilizing concepts of visual perception were evaluated in a machine-paced hospital tray-assembly process. Formats of existing menus differed among the various diets. On the redesigned menus, all menu items were arranged in basic groups which were assigned specific positions; groups were accentuated by white strips across the various color-coded selective menus; and accessory items were placed in specific, standard positions on all menus. Criteria for evaluating the effect of using the redesigned menu in tray assembly operations were: overall productivity, individual productivity, and error rate per tray. Data were charted (a) during a control period when the existing menu formats were used to provide baseline data and (b) during an experimental period when the redesigned menu formats were used. Overall productivity was measured by man-minutes per tray. Video tapes of five station operators servicing selected trays were made to study individual productivity. Station operator and checker accuracy were measured in terms of ratio of error free trays, errors per tray, and errors to possibility of errors per tray. Man minutes per tray decreased significantly in the experimental period from 2.44 to 2.17--a productivity increase of 11.1 per cent. The individual productivity analysis revealed no significant changes from control to experimental periods. Accuracy of the tray assembly station operators improved significantly. Decreases in ratio of mean number of errors to possibility of errors per tray were recorded in the experimental period. The error rate per tray decreased 44.9 per cent from 0.48 to 0.26, and the ratio of errors to possibility of errors per tray decreased from 6.3 to 3.5 per cent. The percentage of error-free trays rose from 69.9 to 80.9 per cent. Checkers' errors per tray did not change significantly from control to experimental period when data for the two periods were compared. This study provides a practical means of increasing productivity and improving accuracy of the machine-paced tray assembly process. PMID- 51866 TI - Genetic variation in number of pituitary PAS-purple cells in the house mouse. AB - A genetic variation in the number of pituitary PAS-purple cells in the house mouse is described. C57BL/K1 mice have low and DBA/2/K1 mice have high numbers of these cells in both peripheral and central parts of the anterior pituitary gland. The variation may be due to a single locus with incomplete dominance for the low number allele. There is no correlation with glucuronidase or galactosidase activities and no association with the b and d loci. PMID- 51867 TI - G-band identification of the chromosomes of sheep. AB - Peripheral blood cultures were made on 20 Dorset sheep including 16 ewes and 4 rams. Photomicrographs of 100 cells were examined for trypsin-induced G-bands, and the length of each chromosome was measured. The banding patterns of each of the 27 pairs of chromosomes were identified and described, and the results observed in this study were compared with those previously reported. Measurements of all chromosomes in which both members of a homologous pair were identifiable were used to calculate mean relative length. Karyotypes, in which chromosomes were arranged to mean relative length, were prepared and an idiogram illustrating major bands was constructed. PMID- 51868 TI - Stoichiometry of the aldehyde fuchsin staining reaction for proteins. AB - Model systems of agar films containing known concentrations of bovine serum albumin and alpha-chymotrypsinogen were stained with aldehyde fuchsin after oxidation with acidified permanganate solution. These films were scanned in a scanning microphotometer to determine the mean extinction and the total extinction of predetermined areas. Results indicate that the dye binds quantitatively to the proteins. Blocking the acidic side groups of the proteins inhibited the binding of the dye. The degree of inhibition was directly related to the number of sulfhydryl or carboxyl groups that were blocked. Similar blocking reactions performed on the type "A" neurosecretory cells of the pars intercerebralis of the insect Oncopeltus fasciatus gave similar results. Analysis of the dye protein complexes gave a dye to acidic group ratio of 1:1. PMID- 51869 TI - Use of KT 50 for orientative evaluation (screening) of sensitivity of flies to insecticides. AB - The author describes a modification of the method of determining the median knock down time (KT50) in flies and its utilization for orientative determination of the current sensitivity of flies under field conditions. The method and its reliability were tested both in the laboratory and in field trials and were found to be entirely adequate and sufficiently reliable for the required purpose. PMID- 51870 TI - A contribution to immunological specificity of DNA in leukosis. AB - Active antisera containing antibodies to deproteinized DNA preparations of normal tissue and the spleen of cows suffering from myeloleukosis were obtained. The anti DNA sera to DNA preparations contained complement fixing antibodies related to gamma M globulins. In the study of leukosis and normal anti DNA sera in quantitative CFR with the corresponding test antigens, immunological specificity of DNA preparations isolated from the organs of cows affected with myeloleukosis was established. Immunological specificity of leukosis DNA was confirmed in tests with the absorption of leukosis anti DNA sera by DNA preparations of homologous normal tissues. This specificity is an inherent quality of not only the native but also the heat-denatured DNA molecule. PMID- 51871 TI - Aleutian disease of mink: the antibody response of sapphire and pastel mink to Aleutian disease virus. AB - The specific antiviral antibody response of sapphire and pastel mink to Pullman strain of ADV has been examined. Sapphire mink inoculated with from 300,000-3 LD50 developed high levels of specific antibody and AD. Pastel mink inoculated with parallel doses of ADV also produced antibody but did not develop AD. The low incidence of AD in pastel mink inoculated with Pullman strain of ADV is probably related to factors other than antiviral antibody. PMID- 51872 TI - The effect of thiols on immunologic release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. I. Human lung. AB - Preincubation of human lung fragments with cysteine for 2.5 to 5.0 min resulted in dose-dependent, selective enhancement of the antigen-induced or anti-IgE induced formation and release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). Comparable effects were observed with sodium sulfide and thioglycolate but not with other more potent reducing agents or metabolites of cysteine. Sulfhydryl alkylated derivatives of cysteine were ineffective. The effects observed with the active thiols were easily reversed and could not be attributed to an action in the bioassay or on SRS-A itself. The physicochemical characteristics of the contractile activity were identical to those described for SRS-A. PMID- 51873 TI - Immunologic properties of mast cells from rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. AB - The concentration of IgE in the serum of Sprague-Dawley rats increased after infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (NB). The IgE concentration in normal rats was less than 1 mug/ml. After re-infection with NB, the concentration increased in 100 to 300 mug/ml. Mast cells were purified from peritoneal cells of both normal and NB-infected animals. Purified mast cells from the infected animals released histamine upon exposure to NB antigen. The antibody specific for IgE released histamine from purified mast cells of both normal and infected animals. Dose-reponse curves of histamine release suggested that mast cells from NB-infected animals bear more IgE molecules than normal mast cells. Binding of 125I-labeled rat E myeloma protein with normal mast cells was demonstrated by autoradiography. Under the same experimental conditions, mast cells of infected animals were not labeled with 125I-IgE. Mast cells from both normal and infected animals failed to combine 125I-labeled IgG. The number of IgE molecules bound per mast cell was determined by incubating 125I-labeled IgE with purified mast cells. When mast cells were incubated incubated in 0.6 to 2 mug/ml of IgE, the number of IgE molecules combined with the mast cells from infected animals was about 10% of that bound with normal mast cells. The results indicated that a large proportion of IgE receptors on mast cells of infected animals was occupied by their own IgE. No significant difference was observed between normal mast cells and those of infected animals with respect to histamine content and intracellular levels of cyclic nucleotides. PMID- 51874 TI - Carrier-induced tolerance to nucleic acid antigens. AB - BALB/c and SJL mice were treated with nucleosides-IgG1 as a tolerogen, before either primary or secondary immunization with nucleosides-keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Nucleoside-specific responses were measured serologically by a modified Farr assay, with either 14C-labeled denatured DNA or nucleosides-131-I labeled BSA as test antigen. Specificity of the response was tested by hapten inhition experiments. Multiple doses of nucleosides-IgG1 tolerogen given before the primary or secondary immunization effectively suppressed the secondary and tertiary anti-nucleoside responses. The tolerogen did not suppress the response to an unrelated hapten-KLH conjugate. The IgG alone did not suppress the anti nucleoside response of BALB/c mice to nucleosides-KLH. Single doses of tolerogen before the primary or secondary immunization were less effective. Residual antibody in partially suppressed BALB/c mice showed changes in specificity as compared to controls. Suppression of the secondary response of SJL mice was measured much more readily by binding of nucleosides-131-I-BSA than by binding of denatured DNA. This reflected an altered specificity of the residual antibody; in control animals, antibodies were directed against all four nucleosides, whereas the antibodies of partially suppressed animals were directed only against guanosine. Suppression of anti-nucleic acid antibody responses may have therapeutic application in the management of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 51875 TI - Comparative studies on monotypic IgMlambda and IgGkappa from an individual patient. I. Evidence for shared VH idiotypic determinants. AB - A comparative idiotypic antigenic analysis of an IgMlambda and an IgGkappa paraprotein obtained from sera of an individual patient, Br, revealed the presence of very similar idiotypic determinants associated with the VH regions of the Br mu- and gamma-chains. In addition, the IgGkappa protein expressed light (L) chain-associated idiotypic determinants which were not evident on the IgMlambda protein or its isolated L chains. Extensive tests of specificity revealed that the shared VH idiotypic determinants were not present in large weight amounts of heterologous nonspecific IgM and IgG, nor on Ig molecules contained in a large number of normal and myeloma sera. PMID- 51876 TI - The antibody responses to myelin basic protein (BP) in Lewis rats: the effects of Bordetella pertussis. AB - A time-course study was made of the systemic humoral immune response of Lewis rats to myelin basic protein (BP) as influenced by the dosage of ancillary pertussis adjuvant. Peak activities were observed 5 to 7 weeks after injection. When injected proximal to BP and Mycobacterium butyricum in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), Bordetella pertussis at the level of 4 billion organisms doubled the antibody-binding activity of rat sera for 125I-labeled BP as compared to activities obtained with 0, 2, 6, or 8 billion. The severity of clinical symptoms of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) at the end of the 2nd week was greatest in rats receiving 64 billion organisms, the very same rats that displayed a severely dampened humoral immune response to BP 5 weeks later. When pertussis was injected i.p. rather than proximal to the CFA mixture, the time course of the humoral immune response displayed a different profile--unusually high binding activities at the time of onset of EAE that fluctuated back and forth from high to low and that eventually dampened to an intermediate level. PMID- 51877 TI - Synergy between subpopulations of normal mouse spleen cells in the in vitro generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity specific for "modified self" antigens. AB - Responding lymphoid cells cultured in vitro with irradiated trinotrophenyl (TNP) modified syngeneic spleen cells develop direct cell-mediated cytotoxicity which is specific for target cells bearing both the TNP moiety and histocompatibility determinants of the modified sensitizing cell. Two subpopulations of normal mouse spleen cells have been shown to synergize in the in vitro generation of specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity to these "modified self" antigens. The synergizing populations are nylon wool column-adherent and column-nonadherent fractions of normal mouse spleen. When mixtures of these two cell populations are cultured in vitro with irradiated TNP-modified syngeneic spleen cells, greater cytotoxicity is generated in the two populations sensitized separately. The synergizing cell in the column-adherent population is resistant to lysis by rabbit anti-mouse brain serum, is distinct from the cytotoxic effector T lymphocyte, and is unresponsive to phytohemagglutinin; its synergizing function could not be replaced by peritoneal cells. These results suggest that it is a non-T cell which may be distinct from the macrophage. PMID- 51878 TI - Inhibition of macrophage-lymphocyte interaction by cytochalasin B during antigen recognition by T lymphocytes. AB - The effects of cytochalasin B on functional and physical macrophage-lymphocyte interaction have been examined. Cytochalasin B, an inhibitor of a variety of membrane activities blocks antigen-dependent bindings of immune lymphocytes to macrophages and antigen-triggered lymphocytes proliferation if added at the initiation of culture. Cytochalasin B becomes progressively less inhibitory if addition is delayed by increasing intervals from the onset of culture. Under these conditions neither antigen handling by macrophages nor the proliferative response of lymphocytes to PHA is inhibited by cytochalasin B. These data are interpreted to suggest that cytochalasin B inhibits antigen-specific macrophage lymphocyte interaction either by inhibition of an initial antigen-independent phase of macrophage-lymphocyte interaction or by interfering with a lymphocyte membrane event necessary for the interaction of the antigen-specific lymphocyte receptor with the macrophage-bound antigenic signal. PMID- 51879 TI - Carrier specificity vs hapten specificity in classical cell-mediated contact sensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene. PMID- 51880 TI - Human lymphocyte alloantigen(s) similar to murine Ir region-associated (Ia) antigens. PMID- 51881 TI - Molecular restriction of anti-DNP antibodies induced by (DNP)2-gramicidin S. AB - The molecular properties of anti-DNP antibodies were studied in 80 rabbits hyperimmunized with (DNP)2-gramicidin S. Unimmunized animals or those previously skin-painted with DNFB were subjected to biweekly injections of (DNP)2-gramicidin S. Isoelectric focusing revealed that the spectrotypes of the anti-DNP antibodies fell into three classifications; monoclonal, 18 to 21%; biclonal, 21 to 30%; and restricted, 14 to 26%. In each immunization protocol 35% of the rabbits did not respond. Longer time periods and more intensive immunization were necessary to achieve and anti-DMP response than with conventional DNP-protein conjugates, with skin painting tending to shorten the overall response time. The anti-DNP responses were invariant with respect to affinity and isoelectric spectra regardless of the immunization protocol or degree of restriction. Chain reassociation studies on antibodies purified from the sera of rabbits displaying monoclonal spectrotypes provide additional evidence that such antibodies are biosynthetically homogeneous. These data support the concept that carrier complexity influences the heterogeneity of the anti-hapten response but strongly suggests that the genetics of an outbred population may be an overriding factor in controlling response heterogeneity. PMID- 51882 TI - Antigenic determinants of the 70,000 molecular weight glycoprotein of woolly monkey type C RNA virus. AB - The 70,000 molecular weight glycoprotein (gp70) of a type-C RNA virus originally isolated from a woolly monkey has been partially purified and immunologically characterized. Evidence that this viral protein is viral coded was derived from studies showing its antigenic properties to be unaltered by virus passage in cells of different species. A broadly reactive competition immunoassay was developed utilizing antiserum prepared against feline leukemia virus to precipitate 125I-labeled woolly monkey virus gp70. Gibbon and woolly viruses, as well as feline and several mouse type-C viruses, all reacted with equal efficiency in this assay. In contrast, an endogenous virus of the baboon failed to cross-react, suggesting that viruses of this latter group are less immunologically related to the others. In a homologous competition immunoassay for the woolly viral glycoprotein, the woolly virus was readily distingusihed from otherwise colsely related viruses of gibbon apes. These findings demonstrate the pronounced type-specific antigenic dterminants possessed by this viral protein. The antigenic determinants of gp70 responsible for neutralization have also been investigated. PMID- 51883 TI - Antigenic analysis of Chlamydiae by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. II. A trachoma-LGV-specific antigen. AB - Two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis was utilized to study precipitins in hyperimmune rabbit serum made against chlamydiae and from patients with chlamydial infections. An antigen of Triton X-100-solubilized L2/434/Bu organisms with an electrophoretic mobility of 0.65 relative to bovine serum albumin at pH 8.6 was excised from the agarose gel of electrophorograms as antigen-antibody complexes and used to immunize rabbits. A monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 was obtained that reacted with Trachoma-LGV strains L2/434/Bu, B/TW-5/OT, and K/UW-31/Cx, but not with the mouse pneumonitis (Nigg) strain or the psittacosis strain meningopneumonitis (Cal-10). The Trachoma-LGV specificity of antigen 0.65 was further shown by indirect immunofluorescence straining with the monospecific antiserum of chlamydial inclusions in infected HeLa cells. Precipitins with a specificity for antigen 0.65 were indentified in 15 of 18 sera from patients with diagnosed Chlamydia trachomatis infections LGV, trachoma, nongonococcal urethritis, and nongonococcal cervicitis by using monospecific antiserum to antigen 0.65 in the peak suppression test. Thus, antigen 0.65 appears to be a Trachoma-LGV-specific antigen that has considerable promise for serodiagnosis. PMID- 51884 TI - The properties of plaque-forming cells from autoimmune and normal strains of mice with specificity for autologous erythrocyte antigens. AB - Treatment of mouse erythrocytes with the proteolytic enzymes, bromelain, reveals antigenic determinants not normally exposed on the erythrocyte surface. It was found that not only NZB mice, a known autoimmune strain, but also several normal strains of mice contain cells in small numbers in their spleens and in larger numbers in their peritoneal cavities which will form plaques against bromelain treated MRBC. During in vitro culture the number of anti-BR-MRBC PFC increases slightly in the spleen cell populations whereas the number of these PFC in peritoneal cells increases dramatically to as many as 100,000 PFC/10(6) cells. The plaques detected in this assay contain a central lymphoid cell and their development, which requires the presence of complement and protein synthesis, is inhibited by anti-mouse immunoglobulin. PMID- 51885 TI - Lymphoid cell subpopulations. I. Synergy between lymph node cells and thymocytes in response to alloantigens and mitogens. AB - Mixtures of isogenic thymocytes (TC) and lymph node cells (LNC) were shown to exhibit synergistic responsiveness to M and H-2 alloantigens in the mixed lymphocyte interaction (MLI). With respect to the kinetics and magnitude of proliferation and effector cell generation, the response occurring in synergizing cultures closely resembled that of optimal numbers of LNC or spleen cells (SC). In addition, the antigen specificity of effector cells generated by synergizing cultures was similar to that of effectors derived from cultures containing optimal numbers of responding SC. LNC-TC mixtures also exhibited synergy in response to the phytomitogens concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen but not to phytohemagglutinin. Weakly positive synergy was observed in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. It is proposed that the phenomenon of synergy is not restricted to cultures containing mixtures of LNC and TC but also occurs in cultures containing optimal numbers of LNC or SC as a result of interactions between subpopulations of lymphocytes contained within these tissues. PMID- 51886 TI - Anomalous reactions of mouse alloantisera with cultured tumor cells. I. Demonstration of widespread occurrence using reference typing sera. AB - M0use alloantisera produced against different specificities of the K, I, and D regions of the H-2 gene complex reacted as immunogenetically anticipated with normal lymphoid target cells of different haplotypes in cytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence tests. These same alloantisera, however, produced anomalous positive reactions when tested on cultured MCA-induced sarcoma cells from B10 background H-2 congenic mice. Absorption experiments demonstrated that the anomalous activity in these sera was directed against a tumor membrane antigen(s) which was distinct from H-2 region specificities against which the reference alloantisera were produced, and which was shared in common by multiple cultured sarcoma lines. Similar anti-tumor antibody activity could be demonstrated in the serum of older (greater than 12 weeks) but not younger normal unimmunized mice of the strains used as recipients for alloantiserum production. It is suggested that the observed anamalous anti-tumor activity in these alloantisera may be due to the presence of antibodies reactive with envelope antigens of murine leukemia virus which are expressed on sarcoma cells maintained in culture. PMID- 51887 TI - Immune response to a syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma. II. In vitro generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. AB - A method is described for the consistent in vitro generation cytotoxic cells by incubating Fischer 344 rat spleen cells on monolayers of a syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma. Significant cytotoxicity by in vitro culture is generated as early as 3 days after initiation and effector cells are cytolytic only toward target cells of the sensitizing monolayer. Reciprocal sensitization with allogeneic fibroblasts as the immunizing monolayer yielded effector cells cytolytic for the fibroblasts but without effect on the mammary tumor. The consistency in the generation of cytotoxic cells by in vitro culture should permit its standardized use in following other related immune phenomena such as blocking by serologic factors and suppression, recritment of memory for cytotoxic function. PMID- 51888 TI - The xenogeneic effect. I. Antigen and mitogen-stimulated human lymphocytes produce a non-antigen-specific factor which reconstitutes the antibody response of T cell-deficient mouse spleen cells. AB - Modified Marbrook culture vessels with two chambers separated by a 0.2-mu porosity membrane have been utilized to show that antigen-stimulated human lymphocytes produce a soluble factor(s) which restores the ability of thymectomized, irradiated, and bone marrow-protected mice to mount a primary IgM plaque-forming cell response in vitro. In the initial experiments, the human lymphocytes plus antigen (sheep erythrocytes) were cultured in the lower chambers of the Marbrook vessels and the T cell-deficient mouse spleen cells plus sheep erythrocytes were cultured in the upper chambers. The response of the spleen cells was shown to be enhanced as a function of the number of human lymphocytes in the lower chambers. In subsequent experiments, the human lymphocytes were challenged with allogeneic lymphocytes or activated with a variety of T cell mitogens. Supernatants from these cultures, when placed in the lower chambers of the Marbrook vessels, were also capable of reconstituting the antibody-forming cell response of the mouse B cells. The results of the experiments are discussed in relation to a model of B cell induction which incorporates a non-antigen specific "helpher" T cell. PMID- 51889 TI - Studies on the induction and expression of T cell-mediated immunity. IV. Non overlapping populations of alloimmune cytotoxic lymphocytes with specificity for tumor-associated antigens and transplantation antigens. AB - Two non-overlapping populations of alloimmune cytotoxic T cells with specificity for tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and for histocompatibility antigens (H-2) were characterized by two independent methods. The heterogeneity of cytotoxic cells was demonstrated in spleen cells derived from BALB/c (H-2d) mice sensitized to EL-4 (H-2b) tumor and from C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice sensitized to G-35 (H-2d) tumor cells. Adsorption of immune lymphocytes on monolayers prepared with cells bearing the sensitizing H-2 antigens abrogated the in vitro cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) directed against 51Cr-labeled normal target cells (spleen cells or ConA activated spleen blasts), whereas significant cytolytic activity to the corresponding 51Cr-tumor cells was still retained. Likewise, in competitive inhibition assays, CMC to 51 Cr-tumor target cells was only partially inhibited by unlabeled normal cells, whereas CMC to 51Cr-normal target cells was completely abrogated. These results suggested that alloimmune cytotoxic lymphocytes are heterogeneous and can be subdivided into two independent populations of restricted specificity. Several experiments suggested that the effector cell population directed against TAA can no longer elicit a graft-vs-host (GVH) reaction in vivo. This was demonstrated by adoptive transfer into lethally irradiated allogeneic recipients of cytotoxic or primed spleen cells fractionated on host target cell monolayers. Furthermore, these results demonstrated that both effector cells and memory cells possess high affinity binding receptors to corresponding H-2 antigens. The potential use of fractionated immune lymphocytes sensitized to tumor allografts in adoptive immunotherapy is discussed. PMID- 51890 TI - T lymphocyte-enriched murine peritoneal exudate cells. I. A reliable assay for antigen-induced T lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The in vitro activation of murine thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes by soluble protein and synthetic antigens has been difficult to assess because of the lack of a specific and reliable proliferation assay. The present report describes the development of an assay system which overcomes these problems by making use of a population of nylon wool column-purified T lymphocytes obtained from thioglycollate-induced peritoneal exudates of immunized mice. PETLES (peritoneal exudate, T lymphocyte-enriched cells) were composed mainly of T lymphocytes, eosinophils and small numbers of macrophages. Contamination with bone marrow derived (B) lymphocytes averaged only 2%. When PETLES from immunized mice were stimulated in microtiter cultures with the immunizing antigen, large degrees of proliferation ensued as measured by incorporation of 3H-methyl-thymidine 5 days after initiation. As few as 1.25 x 10(4) cells and as little as 50 ng/ml of antigen gave significant stimulation. Maximum responses were obtained witn a series of 10 experiments under these optimal conditions, gave a mean incorporation of 70,900 cpm while the controls cultured without antigen showed only 3,600 cpm. PETLES from nonimmunized mice or from mice immunized to other antigens did not respond to DNP5OVA although they did respond to mitogens. The antigen-induced proliferation was shown to require the presence of immune T lymphocytes by two criteria: elimination of the response by treatment with anti Thy 1.2 serum plus complement and failure to reconstitute the response when the few remaining immune B lymphocytes left after anti-Thy 1.2 treatment were added to nonimmune T lymphocytes. In addition, the system exhibited carrier specificity. Because of the paucity of B lymphocytes in the population, their contribution to the overall magnitude of the proliferative response was negligible as demonstrated by the small response to B cell mitogens. Thus, the assay appears to be a quantitative as well as a qualitative assay for one aspect of T lymphocyte function. This technique should prove useful for the study of murine T lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 51891 TI - Studies on the mechanism of suppression of delayed hypersensitivity by the antischistosomal compund niridazole. AB - Niridazole given in a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg to guinea pigs sensitized to ortho-chlorobenzoyl chloride-bovine gamma-globulin (OCB-BGG) regularly abolished delayed cutaneous reactivity. Little effect was observed, however, when cells from these animals were tested in vitro with either direct or indirect assays for migration inhibitory factor (MIF). On the other hand, sera taken from nonsensitized guinea pigs after they had received 100 mg/kg of niridazole markedly diminished antigen-induced inhibition of migration of sensitized peritoneal exudate cells in vitro. The immunosuppressive effects of such sera could not be produced by niridazole itself, thereby suggesting an effect of niridazole metabolites. This suppressive activity was readily removed from the serum by dialysis. The active serum blocked the production of MIF by sensitized lymph node cells but did not affect the action of preformed MIF on macrophages. The effect of this serum was reversible; lymph node cells incubated for 24 hr with active serum, then washed and reincubated with antigen in normal serum, produced normal amounts of MIF. These studies suggest that metabolites of niridazole, but not the parent compound itslef, suppress delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs and prevent MIF production by lymphocytes without affecting the macrophage response to MIF. PMID- 51892 TI - The immune response against an encephalitogenic fragment of guinea pig basic protein in the Lewis and Brown Norway strains or rat. AB - Lewis rats which have Ir-EAE gene develop EAE after challenge with either GPBP or GPEF, a 42-residue fragment. BN rats which lack the Ir gene do not develop EAE after challenge with these proteins. The immune response against GPEF was compared in these two strains of rats. It was found that Le rats produce small amounts of antibody and a cell-mediated immune response against GPEF; in contrast BN rats did neither. These findings support the concept that the Ir-EAE gene exerts its effect by controlling the immune response against GPEF. PMID- 51893 TI - Detection of hepatitis A viral antigen by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 51894 TI - [A study of bleomycin ointment therapy in gynecological field (author's transl)]. PMID- 51895 TI - Measuring ventricular extrasystoles. AB - Uniform ventricular extrasystoles can be divided into three types: fixed coupling, parasystole, and variable non-parasystolic coupling. Frequency distributions of coupling intervals of ventricular extrasystoles were determined from long electrocardiographic recordings of 51 patients with variable coupling. These distributions were of five types: (a) two distinct coupling intervals, (b) a preponderance of extrasystoles with short coupling intervals and less frequent extrasystoles with progressively longer coupling, (c) a preponderance of long coupling intervals and less frequent extrasystoles with progressively shorter coupling, (d) an even distribution and (3) a central distribution. Interectopic intervals were measured in these electrocardiograms (ECGs). Parasystole was found only in three recordings. It is recommended that the diagnosis of parasystole be made only if the degree of variation of the ectopic cycle (both when it is manifest and when it is concealed) is less than the variation of the coupling intervals. When the ECGs with variable non-parasystolic coupling were compared with 44 ECGs with fixed coupling, it was found that variable coupling was associated with abnormalities of the basic electrocardiographic contour, multiformity of extrasystoles and repetitive extrasystoles. PMID- 51896 TI - Assessment of a bioassay of progestational activity. PMID- 51897 TI - An immunofluorescent study of cornea development in the chick. AB - The developmental pattern of appearance of a structural corneal antigenic determinant was studied by immunofluorescent methods. It was first detected in the primary corneal stroma at stage 23, and thereafter spread throughout the primary and secondary stroma. This antigen was absent from Bowman's membrane at its initial stage of development, suggesting that this membrane is a new structure in corneal morphogenesis, and not simply a modification of the primary stroma. This study also suggests that the antigenic determinant is a carbohydrate and is secreted by the corneal epithelial cells. PMID- 51898 TI - Developmental changes in the composition and amount of mouse fetal fluids. AB - Fetal fluid was studied in mice of the Q, C57BL/McL, C3H/Bi/McL and JU/Fa strains. The amount increases to day 16 of gestation, and then decreases. Amniotic fluid and fetal plasma contain three transferrins, five alpha fetoproteins and albumin. Protein concentration in both increases during gestation; glucose decreases in amniotic fluid although it rises in fetal plasms; urea levels remain constant. The regulation of volume and biochemical composition of amniotic fluid, and its relation to the yolk-sac membrane, are discussed. PMID- 51899 TI - Inverse relationship between net electric charge on the antigen and that on the sensitized cell in cellular immune response: demonstration with basic encephalitogen of the brain. AB - An inverse relationship exists between the net-electrical charge of immunogens and the antibodies elicited (1). The cellular basis of the net charge phenomenon has been established for both positively and negatively charged immunogens, by cell separation techniques over columns of opposite charge (7, 8). To establish whether this phenomenon can be extended to include cell-mediated immunity, the response to basic encephalitogenic protein (BE) which induces experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was now investigated. Lymph node cells from sensitized strain 13 guinea pigs were fractionated over positively and negatively charged columns and compared to unfractionated cell populations in two assay systems: (a) in vitro response to BE in terms of lymphocyte transformation and (b) the passive transfer of EAE to unsensitized syngeneic recipients. The response was found to be confined to the fraction of cells eluted from glass bead columns, namely, the more negative cells. Cells eluted from poly-L-lysine-coated glass bead columns (i.e., positive cells) were devoid of the capacity to respond to this antigen either in vivo or in vitro. It was previously established that thymocytes rather than bone marrow cells account for the inverse charge phenomenon as assayed by T-helper-cell function in in vivo antibody production (8). We have now extended the inverse charge effect to include cell-mediated immune response of the delayed hypersensitivity type. PMID- 51900 TI - Antigen-binding T cells as helper cells. Separation of helper cells by immune rosette formation. AB - The spleen T cells from mice immunized 6 days earlier with either chicken gamma globulin (CGG) or with donkey erythrocytes (DRC) were rosetted with CGG-coated sheep erythrocytes or with DRC. The immune rosettes (RFC) (antigen-binding cells) were separated from the bulk of nonrosette-forming cells (non-RFC) by 1-g velocity sedimentation and the RFC and non-RFC tested for helper activity in cooperative antihapten responses in vitro. RFC or non-RFC were mixed with normal or hapten-primed spleen cells, challenged with the appropriate hapten-carrier conjugate and cultured for 4 days in Marbrook tissue cultures. The helping activity was quantitated from the numbers of antihapten antibody-producing cells generated per culture. The results show that specific helper cell activity could be selectively recovered in the immune rosette-forming cell population whereas the non-RFC population was depleted of help. These findings indicate that the helper T cells express specific antigen binding receptors. PMID- 51901 TI - Collaboration of histoincompatible T and B lymphocytes using cells from tetraparental bone marrow chimeras. AB - T-B collaboration has been studied in a secondary response to sheep erythrocytes using either syngeneic or allogeneic T- and B-cell combinations. T cells prepared from tetraparental bone marrow chimeras (TBMC), carrying H-2 determinants of one parental strain only, cooperated with syngeneic, as well as with allogeneic B cells carrying the alloantigens to which the T cells had been tolerized in the chimeric environment. When TBMC-derived cells of a single H-2 specificity were transferred with a mixture of TBMC-derived B cells of both H-2 types of the parental strains, no preference for syngeneic cooperation was found. The data therefore suggest that the presence of differing H-2-complex determinants on the allogeneic T- and B-cell populations of the two different strain combinations tested do not interfere with T-B collaboration when the cell populations studied are mutually tolerant. PMID- 51903 TI - Feulgen microspectrophotometric analysis of deoxyribonucleoprotein organization in larval and adult freshwater sponge nuclei. AB - Microspectrophotometric measurements of nuclei of adult choanocytes and archeocytes and larval archeocytes and flagellated ectodermal epithelia from stages III and IV were undertaken on tissues from the freshwater sponge, Eunapius fragilis (Leidy). The condensed nuclei of differentiated choanocytes and state IV flagellated epithelial cells presented integrated extinction values about 64% of those obtained for either adult or larval archeocytes. This suggests that such measurements represent sensitive indicators of deoxyribonucleoprotein-complex organization; thus, nuclear differentiation. Further, no large population of G2 (4C) nuclei was found among these populations as has been reported in two classes of coelenterates. PMID- 51902 TI - Alteration of immunoglobulin phenotype in cell culture-adapted lines of two mouse plasmacytomas. AB - Murine plasmacytomas can be adapted to continuous in vitro culture by alternate passage between culture and animal. We have found that the kinetics of adaptation reflect a selection for the growth of variant plasmacytoma cells. The inclusion of an altered immunoglobulin phenotype in such variant cells could explain the Ig producing variants that we observed in two of six transplantable lines of plasmacytomas that were adapted to culture. The first variant, an IgM-producing cell line (104-76), was adapted from a transplanted line of MOPC 104E that had stopped producing IgM with binding specificity for alpha1-3 Dextran. Unlike MOPC 104E, the IgM of 104-76 contains kappa- instead of lambda-light chains and probably contains an altered or different mu-heavy chain. A second variant (352 57) was found in an IgG2b-producing tumor (MOPC 352) which was induced in a BALB/c mouse strain (CB-6) that carried Ig genes of the C57BL/Ka allotype. This cell line apparently switched from producing IgG2b molecules of the C57BL allotype (H9) and of a known idiotype to IgG1 molecules of the BALB/c allotype (F19) without the idiotype marker. The propagation of a biclonal plasmacytoma from the time of original tumor induction does not appear as a likely explanation for these results. Rather, we seem to be dealing with plasmacytoma variants or with the possible induction of secondary tumors of host origin. PMID- 51904 TI - [So-called primary neoplastic adenopathies of the neck. Examinations in practice]. PMID- 51905 TI - Some properties of the polysaccharide from cell cultures infected with TRIC agent (Chlamydia trachomatis). AB - The polysaccharide, elaborated in trachoma-inclusion conjunctivitis (TRIC) agent inclusions, was isolated from baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells grown and infected in suspension cultures. It was characterized by physical, chemical and enzymic methods as a glycogen with an average chain length of 14 to 16 glucose units. PMID- 51906 TI - [Steinert's syndrome and the myocardium. Total gene expression by the myocardium]. AB - As revealed by a very thorough cardiological study of Steinert's disease in 13 cases, it would appear that the incidence of cardiac involvement observed in this disease is not merely frequent; it is, in fact, usual, systematic, and forms an integral part of the pathological picture in the same way as peripheral muscular dystrophy. One is aware of the diagnostic interest of this fact in the juvenile or abortive forms of the disease. The cardiac involvement is an indication of the complete expression of the gene towards striated muscle tissue, whether skeletal or myocardial. Finally, it opens new perspectives on the prophylactic attitude to be adopted for such patients; regular and systematic cardiological checks, moderation in the prescription of digitalis and anti-arythmia drugs, implantation of a cardiac pacemaker before an auriculo-ventricular syncopal block occurs. PMID- 51907 TI - Morphological effects of osmolarity on purified noradrenergic vesicles. AB - Large dense core vesicles (LDV) were purified from bovine splenic nerve homogenates by the sucrose-D2O density gradient method. Vesicles were subjected to a 50% increase and decrease in osmolarity from the control 330 mosmol 1(-1) by adjusting sucrose or potassium phosphate buffer during pre- and/or postfixation. Control vesicles with a mean diameter of 717 A readily swelled to approximately 1050 A and shrunk to approximately 600 A in the hypotonic and hypertonic media, respectively, with either sucrose or phosphate buffer. The dense core responded similarly but to a lesser degree. Prefixation in glutaraldehyde had little effect on vesicle sensitivity to subsequent tonicity change, not did the fixative per se exert an obvious osmotic effect. Thus, final vesicle size was largely determined by the OsO4 postfixation medium and principally by the vehicle rather than the fixative. In controls there was a mixture of spherical to oblate vesicles mostly filled with an electron-dense matrix. Upon swelling, more vesicles became spherical and nearly all had a prominent translucent halo between core and membrane. Upon shrinking, more vesicles became oblate, the halo was obliterated and the electron-density of the matrix increased. Frequency distributions of vesicle diameters at different tonicity clearly indicated that the diameter of LDV could overlap the 400-500 A range characteristic of small dense core vesicles; however, there was no suggestion of a population of the latter in the purified LDV fraction. Implications are discussed concerning the biochemical and morphological identification of 'light' and 'heavy' density peaks of noradrenaline and dopamine beta-hydroxylase from mixed vesicle populations and the possible relevance of changes in vesicle shape to a functional state in situ. PMID- 51908 TI - [Correlation between sensory action potentials and vibratory perception in uremic polyneuropathy (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The sensory action potentials of the tibial nerve at the medial malleolus were studied by averaging in 51 patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis. Vibratory sense was also tested quantitatively on the dorsum of the foot with a pallesthesiometer. 2. Good correlation was found between sensory tibial nerve potentials and vibration sense in subclinical as well as in clinical uremic polyneuropathy. A biphasic potential correlated with unaffected vibration sense in 18 out of 23 patients, and impaired vibratory sense with a polyphasic response in 20 of 28 patients. Maximal nerve conduction of sensory fibres was faster (mean 37.4 m/sec) in cases with normal vibratory sense, but slower (mean 31.3 m/sec), when vibratory sense was impaired. Furthermore there was a correlation between the threshold of vibratory perception and sensory nerve conduction. 3. Sensory function, tested with conventional methods, was impaired only 5 times in 28 patients with altered vibratory perception. 4. The earlier impairment, especially of the vibratory sense, may be explained by the following neurophysiological mechanisms: a) Because of the polyphasic prolonged response of the sensory potentials, no rhythmical groups of impulses reach the central nervous system, but only a continual stream of small peaks arrives, so that vibration perception does not develop. b) A multiplication of the frequency of discharges caused by alternating firing of different sensory fibres is impossible due to the reduction of the number of axons. c) The prolongation of the relatively refractory period due to demyelinization of the surviving fibres prevents the transmission of frequent impulses. 5. Alterations of the sensory action potentials of the tibial nerve, as well as of vibratory perception tested quantitatively, are earlier signs of uremic polyneuropathy than the prolonged motor nerve conduction velocity. Since not all patients give accurate information when tests of vibratory sense are performed both methods should be applied. Physiological polyphasia of sensory action potentials and diminishing vibration perception in advanced age must be taken into account. PMID- 51910 TI - "Epi-" and intramedullary neurilemmoma of the spinal cord with denervation atrophy in the related skeletal muscles. AB - The autopsy of a 68-year-old male who died of cardiac infarction revealed an ep - and intramedullary neurilemmoma of the spinal cord as an associated finding half a year prior to death. The patient had suffered from progressive weakness and sensory disturbances of the lower limbs together with muscular wasting for 6 months. Repeated neurological examinations had led to the diagnosis of an intraspinal space occupation which, however, could not be substantiated by myelography because of its surprisingly small size. The Schwann cell proliferation originated from the adventitia of the epi- and intramedullary vessels of the conus medullaris. The main tumor mass was epi-medullary and extended into the medullary parenchyma via the penetrating vessels forming intramedullary nodules. The special findings in the present case seem to support the hypothesis that intramedullary neurilemmomas originate from the perivascular nerve endings. PMID- 51909 TI - [Representative enzymes of energy supplying metabolism in the normal and denervated human brachial biceps, deltoid and anterior tibial muscles (author's transl)]. AB - Representative enzyme activities of energy supplying metabolism were measured in muscle specimens of brachial biceps, deltoid or anterior tibial muscle of patients with affections of the peripheral nerves. Simultaneously performed measurements of the same enzyme activities in the contralateral normal muscles served as a control. 5 patients suffered from a lesion of the brachial plexus, 7 patients had a paralysis of the axillary nerve, and 8 patients had a peroneal paralysis. In all denervated muscles no electrophysiological signs of reinnervation were present. The activities of glycogen phosphorylase, triosephosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase were found to be highest in the normal brachial biceps muscle. Lower activities were measured in the normal deltoid and anterior tibial muscle. The oxidative enzymes, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and citrate synthase as well as hexokinase, showed no significant difference from the levels of the control. It is suggested that a probable factor determining the differences of the enzyme activities of glycogenolysis, glycolysis and alpha-glycerophosphate oxidation between brachial biceps, deltoid and anterior tibial muscle, might be the pattern of impulse activity in the motor nerves of these muscles. The enzyme activities of glycogen phosphorylase, triosephosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, decreased rapidly during the first 2 months after denervation in the brachial biceps, deltoid and anterior tibial muscle, whereas the decrease was slight during the following months. The activities of the oxidative enzymes (3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and citrate synthase) showed no significant change after denervation. The metabolic difference of glycogenolysis, glycolysis and alpha-glycerophosphate oxidation between the three muscles was no longer maintained. The possible causes of the deeply decreased enzyme activities of glycogenolysis, glycolysis and alpha glycerophosphate oxidation, as well as the causes of the unchanged oxidative enzyme activities and of the increased hexokinase activity after denervation in the human brachial biceps, deltoid and anterior tibial muscle, are discussed. PMID- 51911 TI - Electrocardiographic studies in female carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - The incidence of electrocardiographic features "typical" for the Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD) was investigated in 191 carriers: 136 mothers and 55 daughers. The typical PMD pattern was seen in 6.6% of the mothers, and a pattern similar to that observed in PMD in 2.9%. Among daughters of carriers the percentages were 16.4 and 1.8 respectively. The daughters obviously belong to a much lower age bracket (average 13.3 years) and therefore must be followed for the eventual disappearance of the "juvenile" ECG features, which, in this group, may reduce the incidence of the typical PMD electrocardiograms. The need for more thorough clinical appraisal of the myocardium in carriers is emphasized, especially in those with the "typical" PMD electrocardiograms, with the help of hemodynamic investigations. PMID- 51912 TI - [Trismus, trigeminal motor dyssynergy with brain stem lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Paradox activity of masticatory muscles was observed clinically and electromyographically in 4 patients with brain steem lesions who had trismus. There was no activity in the elevators of the jaw on the side affected during voluntary biting, as if the muscles were paralyzed. There was strong activity of the elevators on the side of the trismus on opening the mouth, inactivity on the unaffected side, or inverse activity appeared on both sides. In view of the trigeminal anesthesia on the side of paradox activation, and the absence of pyramidal signs, a stretch reflex mechanism and abolition of inhibition can not be the only basis for these phenomena; so, a disturbance of bilateral synergism, in the sense of an internuclear lesion, is postulated. In one case of motor and sensory paralysis after the extirpation of a meningioma of the cerebellopontine angle, intensive paradox activity was observed, without trismus. PMID- 51913 TI - Multiple sclerosis associated with defective neuromuscular transmission. PMID- 51914 TI - [Stellate ganglion block under EEG control in the treatment of complicated cervical migraine (author's transl)]. AB - Complicated migraine is regarded as a cerebrovascular syndrome of functional character. In the case of a young man with cervical migraine associated with paroxysmal neurological disorders and persisting EEG abnormalities, stellate ganglion blocks were performed under EEG control. A transient amelioration of the pathological EEG pattern was observed after each stellate ganglion block and after several treatments the EEG was normal and the migraine attacks disappeared. The pathophysiology of the effect of stellate ganglion block on cerebral blood flow is discussed. PMID- 51915 TI - [The diagnostic value of brain scanning in children (author's transl)]. AB - The results of brain scanning of children up to the age of 16 (192 patients) show that cerebral tumors could be accurately detected in 44 out of 50 cases (88%) and cerebellar tumors in 22 out 32 cases (69%). The characteristics of the individual kinds of tumors were discussed but classification by means of brain scanning is not yet possible, due to the limited experience with tumors of children. For in patient studies, together with contrast methods, and for out-patient examinations with X-ray, EEG, and echoencephalography, brain scanning improves the diagnostic possibilities to a large extent. PMID- 51916 TI - Syndrome of the rectus abdominis muscle: A peripheral neurological condition causing abdominal diagnostic problems. AB - Four cases of a painful abdominal syndrome are presented, the pain occurring in the distribution of the medial cutaneous branch of the 7th--12th intercostal nerves. The diagnosis presents difficulties because of severe abdominal pain. In 2 cases the clinical observations were corroborated by EMG findings. The symptoms, physical manifestations, mode of development and therapy are described. The term proposed for the condition is: Syndrome of the Rectus Abdominis Muscle. PMID- 51917 TI - [Eosinophil leucocytes in csf after myelography (author's transl)]. AB - 2 cases one of polyneuropathy and one of funicular myelosis, in which myelography was performed, are reported. After the insertion of the contrast medium an increase of eosinophil leucocytes was observed. In one case an additional increase of IgG and IgA, as well as a penetration of macromolecular proteins and an increase of the total protein, was detected. The second case showed an increase in haptoglobulin in addition to the cellular reaction described. After removal of the contrast medium, the CSF became normal in both cases. These changes were on one hand interpreted as a functional lesion of the barrier, and on the other hand as a special cellular and humoral immune reaction. This could be distinctly detected in the lumbar CSF while in the suboccipital CSF there was only an indication of it. This emphasizes the assumption of a pathological reaction in the section of the cerebrospinal region that was in contact with the contrast medium (allergen-hyperergic reaction of the vascular fibrous tissue of the leptomeninges). No marked changes were observed in the serum. PMID- 51918 TI - Transitional forms of Arnold-Chiari and Dandy-Walker malformations. AB - The morphological findings in 12 cases of Arnold-Chiari and 3 cases of Dandy Walker malformations are described and compared to those in 2 cases of congenital hydrocephalus of unknown origin, 1 case of isolated meningo-myelocele and 2 cases of normal newborn brains. Lesions common to both types of malformation indicate a same time-related embryogenetic defect of the roofplate of the rhombencephalon, that does not allow the inferior vermis and the choroid plexus to turn inward into the fourth ventricle. PMID- 51920 TI - Clinical and electrophysiological observations in patients with myotonic muscle disease and the therapeutic effect of N-propyl-ajmalin. AB - Six patients with congenital myotonia and 4 patients with myotonic dystrophy have been examined clinically before and after the administration of N-propyl-ajmalin, an alkaloid frequently used as a cardiac antiarrhythmic drug. All patients but one reported a good to moderate improvement of their myotonic muscle stiffness. This was verified by measuring the time the patients needed to ascend a flight of stairs and by recording the speed of opening the hand. The amplitude of the compound muscle action potential decreased during repetitive nerve stimulation in myotonic patients. This decrease was not influenced by N-propyl-ajmalin. It seems to be due to the increased after-depolarization observed in myotonic fibres which causes partial inactivation of the Na-carrying system. From one patient a muscle biopsy was taken and intracellular potentials were measured with a microelectrode. Almost all muscle cells investigated showed myotonic activity which was completely abolished by addition of 10(-5) g/ml N-propyl-ajmalin to the bathing fluid. The development and duration of "warm-up" is illustrated and a possible electrophysiological basis is discussed. PMID- 51919 TI - [The clinical picture and a consideration of the neurolinguistic structure (author's transl)]. AB - Despite the variability of its behavioral manifestations Wernicke's aphasia is considered to be a unitary syndrome. According to the criteria of intelligibility, phonemic and semantic paraphasias in spontaneous speech, 4 forms of Wernicke's aphasia are differentiated: 1) with predominantly semantic paraphasias, 2) with semantic jargon, 3) with predominantly phonemic paraphasias and 4) with phonemic jargon. A severe deficit in language understanding is common to all 4 forms. In addition to phonemic and semantic paraphasias paragrammatism is an outstanding feature of the language production in Wernicke's aphasia. After a survey of views about the localization of the lesion and of earlier descriptive models a neurolinguistic explantation of the characteristic symptoms of Wernicke's aphasia is suggested. PMID- 51921 TI - Gallium-67-citrate scanning in primary cancer of the liver: diagnostic value in the presence of cirrhosis and relation to alpha-fetoprotein. AB - Gallium-67-citrate and 99mTc-sulfur colloid scans were performed in 38 South African blacks with primary hepatocellular cancer. Selective uptake of the radinuclide by the tumor occurred in 27 patients (70%). In 12 out of 18 patients with associated cirrhosis, 67Ga was concentrated in the defect or defects visible on the 99mTc-sulfur colloid scan, but in the remaining 6 cases (33%), the 2 scans were identical and the defects may have been attributed wrongly to cirrhosis. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was detected by immunodiffusion in the serum of 26 patients. Twenty-one of these showed selective uptake of 67Ga by the tumor as compared with 6 out of 12 patients in whom this protein could not be detected. We were therefore unable to confirm a previous finding of a greater uptake of the of the radionuclide in AFP-negative primary liver cancer. PMID- 51922 TI - Kinetics of 111In-bleomycin and 111 In-chlorides in mice. AB - Indium-111 as the chloride and chelated to bleomycin has been reported useful as a tumor-scanning agent. This report of the kinetics of these compounds compared in Yale-Swiss mice bearing a transplantable, in situ brain sarcoma. Indium-111 chloride, pH 1.5, gave a maximum tumor uptake of 18.5% dose per gram tumor, a maximum tumor-to-brain ratio of 17.0, and a maximum tumor-to-blood ratio of 4.4. Its renal blood clearance was a slow 0.0022 ml/min. Indium-111-bleomycin showed a maximum tumor uptake of 3.0% dose per gram tumor, a maximum tumor-to-brain ratio of 13.5, a maximum tumor-to-blood ratio of 6.8, and renal blood clearance of 0.254 ml/min. The labeling of bleomycin with 111In results in a tracer with localizing properties in this tumor model which are quite different from those obtained with 111In as chloride or that labeled to bleomycin would appear to have significant potential as agents for imaging tumors. PMID- 51923 TI - Histochemistry of the keratohyalin granules in human oral leukoplakia. AB - The keratohyalin granules from 25 human oral leukoplakias, showing benign hyperorthokeratosis histologically, were examined employing a series of histochemical techniques. The tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, 80% methanol, or Carnoy's fluid. The keratohyalin granules stained intensely with Pauly's reagent, Congo red and Harris hematoxylin, indicating the presence of proteins. This was confirmed by abolishing the staining reaction by pretreatment with proteolytic enzymes. The keratohyalin granules also reacted with methyl green-pyronin by staining pink at their peripheries; this staining was abolished by pretreatment with ribonuclease, indicating the presence of ribonucleotides. The keratohyalin granules partially stained with toluidine blue and colloidal iron, indicating the presence of acid polysaccharides. The keratohyalin granules did not react with the Feulgen reagent, suggesting the absence of DNA. Our studies indicate that the keratohyalin granules in human oral leukoplakia are primarily protein(s) complexed with polyribonucleotides. The presence of a carbohydrate moiety suggests the possibility of a protein polysaccharide component in the granules. PMID- 51924 TI - Proceedings: Combination of conventional mechanical kymograph, polythene roll, flat-bed transport, electronic pen recorder and overhead projector. PMID- 51925 TI - Proceedings: Adaptation of the George Washington (G.W.) pen recorder for overhead projection. PMID- 51926 TI - Proceedings: Slaving oscillographic recorders for teaching purposes. PMID- 51928 TI - The use of narcotic analgesics in terminal illness. PMID- 51929 TI - Development of dermal ridges in the fetus. AB - This paper describes a new technique to inspect dermal ridges on the dermal surface instead of the epidermal surface. The dermal surface was exposed by chemical treatment and stained with toluidine blue. Dermal ridges are observable by the metachromatic effect of the reagent, which might suggest a close relationship between morphological characteristics and quantitative variations of biochemical components in the connective tissue. Dermatoglyphic features were recognized in fetuses from the 14th gestational week. Morphogenesis of dermal components--that is, grooves, primary and secondary dermal ridges, furrows, papillae, and sweat ducts--was examined at various gestational stages. The general law in the developmental sequence of the ridges in different volar areas was also confirmed. PMID- 51927 TI - Microscopic anatomy of edentulous residual alveolar ridges. AB - The histologic tissue changes of the residual alveolar ridges were studied in five edentulous patients ranging from 55 to 80 years of age. The material studied was obtained from cadavers. The following observations were made: (1) The epithelium was hornified. Acanthosis was found in all specimens. (2) In four of the specimens, the collagen fibers covering the residual bone crest showed a hyalinized area. (3) Mucoid collagen degeneration was seen in all specimens. (4) The most striking finding, common to all specimens, was the epithelial remnants. Resting and proliferating types were identified. (5) Chronic inflammation was found in all specimens. (6) Both osteoid and necrotic bone types were observed. (7) An outstanding characteristic of the residual alveolar ridge was the reinforcement of the internal structure of the bone by endosteal apposition. PMID- 51930 TI - RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity in human milk. AB - A simple method is described for testing milk specimens from nursing mothers for the presence of RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity. Positive results were obtained in five of 137 women (3.6%) without a family history of breast cancer, and in six of 31 women (19.3%) with a family history of breast cancer. PMID- 51931 TI - Ethnic aspects of cord serum alpha 2-macroglobulin levels in Chinese, Caucasians and Ghurkas in Hong Kong. AB - Serum alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M) levels were measured in cord sera of Chinese, Caucasian and Ghurka babies in Hong Kong by the antibody-agar radial immunodiffusion technique. The values for male babies of the three ethnic groups were 293 +/- 59, 323 +/- 79 and 303 +/- 72 mg./100 ml., respectively; those for female babies were 287 +/- 74, 315 +/- 74 and 317 +/- 7) mg./100 ml., respectively. Although a general similarity of cord serum alpha 2-M levels was evident at birth, it was noted that ethnic differences in the level of this serum protein only become apparent later in life. The value obtained for Caucasian cord serum alpha 2-M in Hong Kong was significantly lower than a published value for Caucasians elsewhere. PMID- 51932 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of measles virus. AB - Twenty-four genetically stable temperature-sensitive mutants of measles virus were isolated after mutangenesis by 5-azacytidine, 5 fluorouracil, or proflavine. The restricted replication of all mutants at 39 C was blocked subsequent to cell penetration and could not be attributed to heat inactivation of virus infectivity. Complementation analysis was made possible through the use of poly-L ornithine. The members of one complementation group exhibited wild-type RNA synthesis at the nonpermissive temperature and induced the synthesis of virus antigens. These mutants were found defective in both hemolysin antigen synthesis and cell fusion "from within," supporting the unitary hypothesis for these functions. The members of the other two complementation groups synthesized neither virion RNA nor detectable virus antigens at the nonpermissive temperature. PMID- 51933 TI - Biochemical properties of the bromodeoxyuridine-induced guinea pig virus. AB - The biophysical and biochemical properties of the virus particles released by guinea pig embryo cells treated with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BUdR) have been compared to those of the B-type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) and the C-type Rauscher murine leukemia virus. The high-molecular-weight (60 to 70S) RNA of the BUdR-induced guinea pig virus (GPV) has a molecular weight of 8 X 106 when measred by mixed agarose polyacylamide gel electrophoresis. The virus particles isolated from the tissue culture medium of BUdR-induced guniea pig cells have the following properties in common with MMTV: (i) a buoyant density of 1.18 g/ml in sucrose and 1.21 g/ml in CsCl, and (ii) a DNA polymerase that prefers Mg2+ over Mn2+ in an assay using the synthetic template poly(rC):oligo(dG). No nucleic acid sequence homology between GPV RNA and the viral RNAs of the MMTV, murine leukemia virus, hamster sarcoma virus, or Mason-Pfizer monkey virus could be observed in a competition hybridization assay using the radioactive-labeled GPV 60 to 70S RNA. By this same competition by hybridization assay the frequency of GPV proviral sequences was estimated to be at least 83 per haploid cellular genome of guniea pig cells. No nucleic acid sequences related to be GPV RNA were detected in the DNA of normal tissues of mice, rats, cats, dogs, baboons, or humans by direct RNA DNA hybridization using radioactive GPV60 to 70S RNA. PMID- 51934 TI - Purification and properties of spleen necrosis virus DNA polymerase. AB - DNA polymerase was purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity from virions of spleen necrosis virus (SNV). (SNV is a member of the reticuloendotheliosis group of avian ribodeoxyviruses). The SNV DNA polymerase appears to consist of a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of 68,000. The SNV DNA polymerase has a preference for Mn2+ for DNA synthesis with an RNA template and Mg2+ for DNA synthesis with a deoxyribohomopolymer template. At the optimum concentrations of divalent cation, the relative rates of DNA synthesis by SNV DNA polymerase with different template.primers were similar to the relative rates of DNA synthesis by an avian leukosis virus DNA polymerase, with the exception of a lower relative rate of DNA synthesis by SNV DNA polymerase with SNV RNA. However, in contrast to DNA synthesized by the avian leukosis virus DNA polymerase with a SNV RNA template, DNA synthesized by SNV DNA polymerase with an SNV RNA template did not hybridize to the SNV RNA. SNV DNA polymerase has RNase H activity which is antigenically distinct from the RNase H activity of avian leukosis-sarcoma virus DNA polymerase. PMID- 51935 TI - RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity of reticuloendotheliosis virus: characterization of the endogenous and exogenous reactions. AB - Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) contains an endogenously instructed, RNA directed DNA polymerase activity. Both the endogenous and exogenous DNA polymerase activities exhibited up to 10-fold greater activity at the optimum concentration of manganous ion (0.025 mM for exogenous; 0.25 mM for endogenous) than at any concentration of magnesium ion. Antiserum to the DNA polymerase of an REV group virus (spleen necrosis virus) inhibited both endogenous and exogenous DNA polymerase activity of REV, whereas antiserum to the Rous sarcoma virus (Rous associated virus-0) [RSV(RAV-0)]DNA polymerase did not. The DNA product of the endogenous reaction is associated with the high-molecular-weight RNA of REV and anneals with REV RNA but not with RNA from Rous sarcoma virus. PMID- 51936 TI - Characterization of endogenous RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity of reticuloendotheliosis viruses. AB - Reticuloendotheliosis viruses (REV) contain an endogenous RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. The endogenous DNA polymerase activity can be elicited in purified preparations of REV by treatment with nonionic detergents. The enzyme activity has a strong preference for manganous ions. Therefore, appreciable endogenous DNA polymerase activity can be demonstrated only if the reaction mixture contains appropriate concentrations of manganous ions. Enzyme activity can be inhibited by pretreatment with RNase or deletion of one or more deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates from the reaction mixture. In contrast, actinomycin D has little effect in initial DNA synthesis. The results from both velocity and equilibrium centrifugation indicate that the nascent chains of product DNA are associated with 60S viral RNA. The DNA product of the endogenous DNA polymerase reaction is hybridizable to REV RNA, but not to avian leukosis virus RNA. PMID- 51937 TI - Murine intracisternal type A particles: a biochemical characterization. AB - Intracisternal A particle preparations from a murine neuroblastoma cell line (N18) and from a mineral oil-induced murine plasmacytoma (MOPC-104E) contain both an endogenous RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity and high molecular-weight polyadenylic acid (poly[A])-containing RNA. The DNA polymerase activity is stimulated by oligo(dG)-poly(C) and oligo(dT)-poly(A) and to a lesser extent by oligo(dT)-poly(dA), in agreement with previous reports. The high-molecular-weight RNA is predominantly 35S and contains a poly(A) tract of approximately 220 nucleotides as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Small amounts of 70S RNA are also present. This RNA preparation contains RNA homologous to RNA from type-C particles, as judged by molecular hybridization experiments. However, since this RNA derives only in part from A-particles and in part from other cellular RNA, hybridization of A-particle endogenously synthesized DNA or reverse transcripts of A-particle RNA to purified type C viral 70S RNA may more accurately reflect the relationship of A-particle RNA to RNA from C-particles. None of these DNA transcripts hybridizes significantly to C-particle 70S RNA, although MOPC and N18 DNA transcripts share significant homology. Our interpretation of these results is that murine intracisternal A particles are not closely related genetically to the tested murine type C viruses, although an alternate possibility is that all the A-particle DNA transcripts are copied from only a small part of the genome, which is unrelated to C-particle RNA. PMID- 51938 TI - Variants of N-tropic leukemia virus derived from BALB/c mice. AB - Clonal lines derived from cultures of NIH/3T3 cells infected with N-tropic leukemia virus from BALB/c mice differ in the amount and type of N-tropic virus they produce. Three biologically distinguishable N-tropic viruses were found: the large XC plaque-forming virus of hartley et al. (1969) (LP-N), A SMALL XC plaque forming virus (sp-n), and a non-plaque-forming virus (NP-N). SP-N and NP-N are less infectious than LP-N. Upon prolonged passage in NIH/3T3 cells NP-N gives rise to highly infectious LP-N. PMID- 51939 TI - Letter: Treatment of lice. PMID- 51940 TI - [Anesthesia in congenital analgesia]. PMID- 51941 TI - [Bacteriological studies of butirosin sulfate, a new aminoglycoside antibiotic (author's transl)]. PMID- 51942 TI - [Clinical significance of alpha-fetoprotein (author's transl)]. PMID- 51943 TI - [Biochemical properties of alpha-fetoprotein (author's transl)]. PMID- 51944 TI - [Combined staining method of elastic fibre and fat using resorcin fuchsin-oil red O-An application of direct mounting method of gelatinized slide of formalin-fixed cryostat sections (author's transl)]. PMID- 51945 TI - [A new trial for rapid nuclear satin with gallocyanin (author's transl)]. PMID- 51946 TI - [Clinical evaluation of scintigraphy for neoplasms with 57 Co-bleomycin]. PMID- 51947 TI - [X-chromatin in acranile dyed interphase nuclei]. PMID- 51948 TI - Regulatory effects of steroids on the pituitary response to LH-RH. PMID- 51949 TI - Observational study of alcohol consumption in natural settings. The Vancouver beer parlor. AB - Observations of patrons in beer parlors in Vancouver, British Columbia, indicate that the rate of drinking is relatively constant. Total consumption and blood alcohol concentration depended primarily on duration of the occasion, which in turn was related to size of the drinking group. PMID- 51950 TI - Intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Five-year review of 403 patients. AB - During the 5 year period 1969 to 1973, 403 patients underwent intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot. The patients ranged in age from 3 months to 41 years. Before operation, 86 per cent were cyanotic and 14 per cent were acyanotic. Forty nine per cent had had at least one palliative procedure before total correction. Mahor associated anomalies included atrial septal defect in 24 per cent, patent ductus arteriosus in 2.5 per cent, coronary anomalies in 4 per cent, and left superior vena cava in 4.5 per cent. Seven per cent of the patients had pulmonary atresia. Pulmonary valvotomy was performed in 111 patients and complete excision of the pulmonary valve in 151. Patch graft reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract was performed in 57 per cent of the patients. In 11 patients a conduit was used to connect the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery. The over-all hospital mortality rate was 9.5 per cent, with the lowest rate (3.5 per cent) in the age group 6 to 10 years and the highest in the infant and adult groups (16.5 and 14.5 per cent, respectively). Three known late deaths occurred. A residual ventricular septal defect (VSD) was found in 3 per cent of the patients and an aneurysm of the pericardial patch in the right ventricular outflow tract developed in 7 patients. Intracardiac repair of the tetralogy of Fallot can be performed with reasonable risk and low morbidity. In our experience the optimal age for elective surgery is between 6 and 10 years. PMID- 51951 TI - Audio-visual equipment in the Manchester department of general practice. PMID- 51953 TI - Teaching booths. PMID- 51952 TI - Message design: the Prodigal Son. PMID- 51954 TI - [Minimal brain dysfunction--what does it imply in child development and adaptation]. PMID- 51955 TI - [Incidence, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis]. PMID- 51956 TI - Histocompatibility antigens in diabetic identical twins. AB - 84 pairs of diabetic identical twins were HL-A typed. 22 were maturity-onset diabetics (diagnosed after age 45); all were concordant and they showed no disturbance of HL-A frequencies. Of the remaining 62 pairs of juvenile-onset diabetics, 31 were discordant (only one twin diabetic) and 31 concordant (both twins diabetic). The frequency of the W15 antigen was equally increased in both the concordant and discordant pairs; HL-A8 was increased only in the concordant pairs. The fact that W15 is increased in the discordant pairs shows that there is genetic predisposition to diabetes even in these twins; the fact that HL-A8 is not increased suggests that different alleles may underlie susceptibility in the two groups of twins. PMID- 51957 TI - Effect of gestational age on screening for neural-tube defects by maternal plasma A.F.P. measurement. AB - Maternal plasma or serum alpha-feto-protein (A.F.P.) concentrations were measured once between 8 and 22 weeks of gestation in each of sixty-two pregnancies which resulted in an infant with a neural-tube defect. Between 13 and 22 weeks of pregnancy twenty-two of the forty-one cases tested (54%) had A.F.P. values greater than three times the median value for unaffected pregnancies (which is equivalent to the 97th percentile of normal), and many of these values were very high indeed. However, before the 13th week of pregnancy only one of the twenty one cases (5%) had an A.F.P. value more than three times the median for unaffected pregnancies, and this value was not very high. This indicates that in antenatal screening for anencephaly or spina bifida, A.F.P. should be measured in blood taken from the mother during the second trimester. PMID- 51958 TI - Recombinant WRL 105 strain live attenuated influenza vaccine. Immunogenicity, reactivity, and transmissibility. AB - The immunogenicity, reactivity, and transmissibility of recombinant WRL 105 (H3N2) (A/Okuda/57XA/Finland/4/74) strain live attenuated influenza virus vaccine were studied in adult male volunteers in a residential community in rural England. Thirteen volunteers received a single dose of 10(7.0) E.I.D.50 recombinant WRL 105 vaccine administered as nose drops, and twelve volunteers received placebo. Nine (82%) of eleven volunteers with initial antibody titres of less than or equal to 1/96 showed a significant antibody response to vaccination, but there was no evidence of transmission of vaccine virus to those who received placebo. The incidence and nature of reactions were similar in those who received vaccine and placebo. The vaccine was shown to confer protection against natural infection with a strain exhibition antigenic characteristics equivalent to those of A/Scotland/840/74. PMID- 51959 TI - Hydrocarbon exposure and chronic glomerulonephritis. AB - 63 adult patients with advanced renal failure were interviewed to evaluate their exposure to chronically contacted or inhaled toxic substances. Grading of exposure revealed that patients with biopsy-proven primary proliferative glomerulonephritis and patients with a clinical presentation consistent with glomerulonephritis had significantly greater exposure than patients with a variety of other renal diseases. Patients with proliferative or suspected glomerulonephritis also had significantly more exposure than age and sex matched controls without renal disease. Hydrocarbon solvents were the most frequent agents of exposure. Further studies to define a possible pathogenic relationship between hydrocarbon exposure and glomerulonephritis are warranted. PMID- 51960 TI - Secretin: A new role for an old hormone. AB - Plasma-secretin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay during a 72-hour starvation period in nine healthy subjects. Immunoreactive secretin (I.R.S.) levels rose dramatically during starvation. The rises were several orders of magnitude greater than those after intraduodenal acid. The classic concept that the major function of secretin is the control of the exocrine pancreas is challenged by these results. The findings suggest that secretin is a hormone of importance during starvation, and its role in starvation may be related to its lipolytic properties. PMID- 51961 TI - Hearing acuity in young people exposed to pop music and other noise. AB - An investigation by questionary, otological examination, and audiometry has been carried out on 505 students in higher education. Statistically significant hearing losses were found in the group that admitted frequent attendance at pop music entertainment compared with a control group. Losses associated with vacation employment in loud noise or with gunfire exposure were also identified. Thses losses were unrecognised before investigation and indicate the need for preventive action. PMID- 51962 TI - IgM and IgG anti-milk antibodies measured by radioimmunoassay in myocardial infarction. AB - Antibodies against milk protein were sought by a radioimmunoassay in 47 patients with myocardial infarction and in 50 control patients. There was no difference between the two groups in the frequency or in the quantity of IgM and IgG antibodies against milk proteins. These results do not support the suggestion that anti-milk antibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease. PMID- 51963 TI - Urea metabolism in an azotaemic woman with normal renal function. AB - The blood-urea of a 43-year-old woman with normal renal function was 150 mg. per 100 ml. because she regularly consumed about 400 g. of protein daily. She had no symptoms of uraemia and her haemoglobin concentration was normal. Although she had a very large body-urea pool she degraded no more urea than healthy individuals on a normal diet. The failure of endogenous urea hydrolysis to increase in proportion to the blood-urea in renal failure has tentatively been ascribed to toxic effects of compounds retained with urea in renal failure; the findings in this azotaemic patient, who had neither signs nor symptoms of uraemia, cast doubt upon that explanation. PMID- 51964 TI - Comparison of 5-day, 1-day, and 2-day cyclical combination chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. AB - The results of 5-day cyclical combined chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer were compared in two trials with the less demanding 1-day and 2-day regimens. At all stages, except at 3 months, 5-day treatment was significantly more successful in providing regression and remission of tumours than the 1-day regimen. However, although the differences are not statistically significant, data from the second trial indicated that the 2-day regimen tended to be more effective than the 5-day regimen. The lower 95% confidence limit for the success of the 2-day treatment was 56.2% at 3 months. PMID- 51966 TI - Editorial: Family deviance and schizophrenia. PMID- 51965 TI - Flatus retention is the major factor in diverticular disease. AB - Retention of flatus is the main factor in the origin and progression of sigmoid diverticular disease. This hypothesis explains why the disease is confined to modern urban communities, and why the patient must avoid "windy" foods. PMID- 51967 TI - Editorial: Essential ketoacids as protein-sparing agents. PMID- 51968 TI - Editorial: Noise-induced hearing loss. PMID- 51969 TI - Editorial: The not-so-harmless hamster. PMID- 51970 TI - Editorial: Nerve grafting in leprosy. PMID- 51972 TI - Editorial: Disinfectants against squalor. PMID- 51971 TI - Editorial: Tobacco substitutes and additives. PMID- 51973 TI - Editorial: Hair dyes and cancer. PMID- 51974 TI - Weight/length classification of nutritional status. AB - The use of somatic measurements for the assessment of nutritional status is briefly reviewed. Two classifications using weight and length being advocated at present--those of McLaren and Read (1972) and Waterlow and Rutishauser (1974)- were applied to data from three sets of children surveyed in hospital and field studies. The results obtained differed considerably. The system of Waterlow and Rutishauser tended to underestimate the problem. A simple chart has been devised to aid the practical application of the classification of McLaren and Read. PMID- 51975 TI - An outbreak of hepatitis associated with intravenous injection of factor-VIII concentrate. AB - An outbreak of jaundice associated with three out of four batches of a commercial brand of freeze-dried factor-VIII concentrate occurred at the Bournemouth haemophilia centre between April and June, 1974. Seven cases of non-B hepatitis and four of hepatitis B occurred within 6 months of the first use of this product. Two patients contracted both types of hepatitis; thus nine patients became ill out of a total of twenty regularly seen at the centre, eighteen of whom received commercial factor-VIII concentrate. PMID- 51976 TI - Outbreak of food-borne type-A hepatitis in Greater Glasgow. AB - In a fourteen-day period between December, 1974, and January, 1975, 12 out of 118 members of a Glasgow golf club, who had attended their annual dinner/dance at a popular hotel in Glasgow six weeks previously, developed acute icteric hepatitis. Epidemiological investigations suggest that the infection was due to contamination of the cream used in fruit salad and sherry trifle prepared by a pastry-cook at a time when he was incubating type-A hepatitis. PMID- 51977 TI - Letter: Chimpanzee model for hepatitis-A virus. PMID- 51978 TI - Letter: Mutagenicity of hair dyes. PMID- 51979 TI - Letter: Fulminant viral hepatitis. PMID- 51980 TI - Letter: HBsAg on cell membrane in symptom-free carrier. PMID- 51981 TI - Letter: Gastric emptying in labour. PMID- 51982 TI - Letter: Serum lysozyme in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 51983 TI - Letter: Hypersecretion and length of history in duodenal ulceration. PMID- 51984 TI - Letter: Aetiology of juvenile diabetes. PMID- 51985 TI - Letter: Human placental lactogen in management of diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 51986 TI - Letter: Pituitary function after treatment of intracranial tumours in children. PMID- 51987 TI - Letter: Ainhum. PMID- 51988 TI - Letter: Piped medical-gas systems. PMID- 51989 TI - Letter: Bone metastases in stage-I breast cancer. PMID- 51990 TI - Letter: Urinals soaked in disinfectants. PMID- 51991 TI - Letter: Arterial occlusion in 47,XYY male. PMID- 51992 TI - Letter: Future of chemical pathology. PMID- 51993 TI - Letter: Low-dose heparin and total hip replacement. PMID- 51994 TI - Letter: Postoperative thrombosis in Thai women. PMID- 51995 TI - Letter: Rapid diagnosis of viral encephalitis. PMID- 51996 TI - Letter: Abnormal haemoglobins in Wandsworth. PMID- 51997 TI - Letter: Reference: references. PMID- 51998 TI - Letter: Immunological reactivity in beta-thalassaemia. PMID- 51999 TI - Letter: Essential fatty acids and cystic fibrosis. PMID- 52000 TI - Quality and quantity of survival in acute myeloid leukaemia. AB - The quality of life in leukaemia is as important as its quantity. In fifty-one patients the quality and quantity of life were improved by less aggressive treatment than is usual. By not trying to induce complete remission at all costs, the mobidity and early mortality were reduced and at least an equivalence in survival was obtained. PMID- 52001 TI - Controlled trial of urokinase in myocardial infarction. A European Collaborative Study. AB - 341 patients with acute myocardial infarction have been treated in intensive or coronary care units. They were randomised into two groups, 172 receiving urokinase and 169 receiving a glucose infusion. Thereafter they were anticoagulated first with heparin and then for a year with oral anticoagulants. Despite a significantly faster regression of electrocardiographic alterations in the urokinase group there was no difference in mortality during the 1-year follow up (29 deaths in the urokinase and 24 in the control group) and no difference in cardiac functional class between both groups. PMID- 52002 TI - Splenectomy for complications of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. AB - 13 patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (C.G.L.) which was unsatisfactorily controlled underwent splenectomy. 3 out of 4 patients with hypersplenism did well, as did 5 out of 8 patients in whom the C.G.L. had undergone metamorphosis to a refractory phase. In a case of C.G.L. complicated by severe myelofibrosis the need for transfusion was reduced but survival was short. Splenectomy should be considered when C.G.L. in its chronic phase is complicated by hypersplenism, and may be considered as a part of the treatment after C.G.L. has undergone metamorphosis to a refractory phase. However, a favourable outcome is unlikely for patients over 65 years, and in the presence of coexistent illnesses, rapidly progressive metamorphosis to an acute phase, or severe bone marrow failure from any cause. In C.G.L., elective splenectomy early in the chronic phase must be clearly distinguished from splenectomy performed at a later stage when the disease is not well controlled. PMID- 52003 TI - New familial defect in microbicidal function of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - A family is described in which a defect in intracellular killing affected two, and probably three, siblings of both sexes. From an early age they have had recurrent severe infections. During these episodes their white-blood-cell count became very high. This familial disorder seems to differ from previously reported syndromes of abnormal leucocyte function. PMID- 52004 TI - IgA deficiency, epilepsy, and phenytoin treatment. AB - In a prospective study of thirty-two children with seizures treated with phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin), five had low levels of serum-IgA before treatment. All of these were among the fifteen who had had febrile convulsions in infancy. IgA levels fell significantly during 6 months treatment in the fourteen patients studied sequentially. Treated children with low serum-IgA had normal numbers of lymphocytes with surface IgA. This suggests that phenytoin causes failure of terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes, and is the first known cause of this, the commonest mechanism of immunoglobulin deficiency. PMID- 52005 TI - Acute changes in thyroid function in patients treated with radioactive iodine. AB - Serum triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured in thirteen unselected hyperthyroid patients before and at frequent intervals after iodine 131 treatment. There was an abrupt rise in T3 from a pretreatment mean of 250 ng/100 ml to a maximum of 365 ng/100 ml at 24 hours. Total T4 rose from a mean of 18.7 mug/100 ml to a maximum of 22.3 mug/100 ml at 24-48 hours. These findings may explain why an occasional patient develops acute thyroid crisis after radioiodine treatment. PMID- 52006 TI - Relevance of "significant bacteriuria" to aetiology and diagnosis of urinary tract infection. AB - 28 of 74 female domiciliary patients who presented with urinary-tract symptoms did not fulfil the usually accepted laboratory criterion required for confirmation of urinary-tract infection (i.e., a urinary bacterial viable count in excess of 100 000/ml). The progress of the disease was similar in non bacteriuric and bacteriuric patients. In addition, a significant proportion of the bacteriuric group did not show the response to therapy expected from the results of in-vitro tests of antibiotic sensitivity and urinary antibacterial activity. To explain these findings, it is postulated that bacteria may not be primary pathogens in uncomplicated urinary-tract infection even where "significant bacteriuria" is demonstrated. PMID- 52007 TI - Trial of digoxin in mania. AB - A suggestion that mania is associated with an increased membrane transport of sodium has been investigated in a double-blind trial of a specific Na-K A.T.P.ase inhibitor (digoxin) in twelve female inpatients with mania. Digoxin had no effect. PMID- 52008 TI - Acute folate deficiency in surgical patients on aminoacid/ethanol intravenous nutrition. AB - Acute folate deficiency with pancytopenia and megaloblastic haemopoiesis developed in four patients after abdominal operations; all four responded to folic acid over 3-9 days. Three of them had been given intravenous nutrition with amino-acid/ethanol before the blood changes developed. A prospective study of twenty-five surgical patients with gastrointestinal diseases revealed a high frequency of acutely developing negative folate balance. Megaloblastic haemopoiesis and consequent blood changes were found in five patients. Treatment with intravenous nutrition correlated strongly with a fall in serum-folate and megaloblastic haemopoiesis. Some surgical patients develop acute folate deficiency which may proceed to megaloblastic arrest of haemopoiesis. Patients receiving intravenous nutrition containing ethanol are especially prone to this complication, which may be life-threatening if untreated. It is not yet known whether other forms of intravenous nutrition carry a similar risk. PMID- 52009 TI - Defective essential-fatty-acid metabolism in cystic fibrosis. AB - Cystic fibrosis (C.F.) is characterised by low serum levels of essential fatty acids (E.F.A.). However, the fatty-acid pattern does not totally resemble that of dietary E.F.A. deficiency. The differences suggest a reduction in the desaturation of E.F.S. It is not known whether this defect is the primary lesion in C.F. or is the result of tissue damage in the disease. It is proposed that C.F. patients might have increased linoleic-acid requirements, and possibly specific requirements for its desaturation products. PMID- 52010 TI - To tie; to stab; to stretch; perchance to freeze. PMID- 52011 TI - Glucoreceptors, insulin release, and diabetes. PMID- 52012 TI - Fluorocarbons and the ozone shield. PMID- 52013 TI - Metatarsalgia--new hope? PMID- 52015 TI - Reorganisation on Humberside. PMID- 52014 TI - Children in hospital--and after. PMID- 52016 TI - Methicillin-resistant staphylococci 1965-75. AB - Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus has been one of the major problems of gram positive infections in hospitals in the Zurich area. Up to 1971, about 20% of staphylococcal disease was caused by these peculiar organisms. Since 1972, however, a gradual decrease in the number of methicillin-resistant organisms has been observed, with an unprecedented low of 3% in 1975. The nearly 700 methicillin-resistant cultures that have isolated since 1965 exhibited, with rare exceptions, conventional group-II patterns of lysis in phage-typing and similar antibiotypes. It is suggested that all these isolates are derivatives of a strain which has long existed in the staphylococcal population. The reasons for the changes in the frequency of this strain as an agent causing staphylococcal disease are unclear. The use of penicillinase-resistant beta-lactam antibiotics in hospitals does not seem to play a major role in the distribution and spread or in the disappearance of this strain. PMID- 52017 TI - Follow-up of rabid dog bite victims. PMID- 52018 TI - The right to reproduce. PMID- 52019 TI - Leter: Treatment of hypothermia. PMID- 52020 TI - Letter: Surgical training. PMID- 52021 TI - Letter: Survival after drowning. PMID- 52022 TI - Letter: Clozapine and agranulocytosis. PMID- 52023 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of G.-6-P.D. deficiency. PMID- 52024 TI - Letter: Is diabetes mellitus a disorder of the glucoreceptor? PMID- 52025 TI - Letter: Enhancement by chlorpromazine of hyperglycaemic action of diazoxide. PMID- 52026 TI - Letter: Steroid therapy and the adrenals. PMID- 52027 TI - Letter: Parenteral copper in Menkes' kinky-hair syndrome. PMID- 52028 TI - Letter: T4 toxicosis. PMID- 52029 TI - Letter: Screening for congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 52030 TI - Letter: Early detection of relapse in hyperthyroidism by T.R.H. test. PMID- 52031 TI - Letter: Ultrasound and mammalian D.N.A. PMID- 52032 TI - Letter: Hormone sensitivity and breast cancer. PMID- 52033 TI - Letter: Antenatal misdiagnosis of neural-tube defects. PMID- 52034 TI - Letter: Motor innervation of myasthenic muscles. PMID- 52036 TI - Letter: A non-specific inhibitor of rubella haemagglutinin. PMID- 52035 TI - Letter: Depression and T.R.H.-induced prolactin release. PMID- 52037 TI - Letter: Admission of hospital. PMID- 52038 TI - Letter: Maternal nutrition and low birth-weight. PMID- 52039 TI - Letter: Hyperuricaemia and epileptic seizures: a possible explanation. PMID- 52040 TI - Letter: Nature of piles. PMID- 52041 TI - Letter: Salicylate ingestion in pregnancy. PMID- 52042 TI - Letter: Treatment of piles. PMID- 52043 TI - Letter: Previous antibiotic treatment and meningitis diagnosis. PMID- 52044 TI - Letter: A poison reference centre? PMID- 52045 TI - Letter: Disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate(E.H.D.P.) in Paget's disease. PMID- 52046 TI - Letter: Intraarticular human growth in osteoarthritis. PMID- 52047 TI - Letter: Serum-albumin in Kwashiorkor. PMID- 52048 TI - Obituary. Conrad Hal Waddington. PMID- 52049 TI - The Lancet - Saturday II October 1975. Sodium iothalamate as an aid to diagnosis of intracranial lesions by computerised transverse axial scanning. AB - The diagnostic accuracy of computerised transverse axial tomography in conjunction with enhancement of tissue density by sodium iothalamate was assessed in 438 patients, 256 of them having intracranial tumours and 182 having other intracranial disorders. THE 80 X 80 matrix and 20 ml intravenous sodium iothalamate were used in 174 patients, the 160 X 160 matrix and 20 ml sodium iothalamate in 126 patients, and the 160 X 160 matrix and 60 ml sodium iothalamate in 138 patients. The diagnostic accuracy rose from 87% in the first group to 100% in the final group. The proportion of patients showing enhancement of tumour tissue density improved from 64% in the first group to 96% in the third. In the non-tumour patients, excluding those in whom the underlying disease caused no alteration of brain structure or tissue density, the overall accuracy was 96%, being unaffected by the modifications of technique. The enhancement of tissue density in brain abscesses, some cerebral infarcts, and angiomas could be readily distinguished from that seen in tumours. PMID- 52050 TI - Treatment of deep-vein thrombosis with intermittent streptokinase and plasminogen infusion. AB - 17 consecutive patients who presented with extensive deep-vein thrombosis, confirmed by phlebography, were included in this study. Of 12 patients who received streptokinase and plasminogen infusion, complete lysis of thrombi was obtained in 8 and partial but extensive lysis in 4. In contrast, thrombi remained unchanged in each of 5 patients who received the same doses of streptokinase infusion only. PMID- 52051 TI - Simultaneous investigation and treatment of suspected acute adrenal insufficiency. AB - The increase in plasma-fluorogenic-corticosteroids in response to a single injection of tetracosactrin depot was measured in eleven patients with suspected acute renal insufficiency who were treated simultaneously with prednisolone and deoxycorticosterone acetate (D.O.C.A.). Acute adrenal insufficiency was excluded in seven patients within 24 hours. There was no response in the remaining four patients, and prolonged corticotrophin stimulation tests confirmed the diagnosis of Addison's disease. PMID- 52052 TI - Acute effects of smoking tobacco and a tobacco substitute on lung function in man. AB - The acute effects on airway function of smoking one cigarette of a tobacco substitute 'New Smoking Material' (NSM), one cigarette of conventional tobacco, and one cigarette containing 70% tobacco and 30% NSM, were studied in 6 healthy nonsmokers and 6 healthy smokers. None of the cigarettes produced any change in three tests of small-airway function (flow-volume curves, closing volume, frequency dependence of compliance). However, smoking either one conventional tobacco cigarette or the 30% NSM/70% tobacco cigarette produced an acute fall in specific airways conductance, of similar degree with both cigarettes, whereas the 100% NSM cigarette produced no such change. PMID- 52053 TI - Ischaemic heart-disease: possible genetic markers. AB - National death-rates from ischaemic heart-disease are significantly correlated with population frequencies of histocompatibility antigen HLA-8 and haplotype 1 8. Serum-cholesterol levels may also be correlated with population frequencies of HLA-8. Inexplicably high death-rates from ischaemic heart-disease and high levels of serum-cholesterol in Finland may be due to the combined effects of HLA-8 and W15. It is suggested that HLA-8 (and possibly W15) are linked to genes which predispose to hypercholesterolaemia and ischaemic heart-disease. These findings provide some support for i-munogenetic hypotheses for vascular disease in man. PMID- 52054 TI - Potentiation of levodopa effect by intravenous L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycine amide in man. AB - L-prolyl-L-leucyl-glycine amide (P.L.G.) has melanocyte-stimulating-hormone inhibitory hormone (M.I.F.) activity. When injected intravenously as a bolus of 200 mg, it greatly potentiated the effect of an oral levodopa dose upon motor performance objectively measured by a battery of tests. This amelioration in motility was accompanied by improvement in intellectual functioning. PMID- 52055 TI - Vulnerability of cell-surface receptors to autoimmune reactions. AB - A previous hypothesis in which myasthenia gravis was explained by an immune response to acetylcholine receptors has been validated, and is here extended to cell receptors in general. Receptors on target cells, being accessible to circulating trophic hormones or transmitters, must also be accessible to antibodies which compete with the natural mediator for access to the site. To detect anti-receptor antibodies, physiological assay systems would be more sensitive than conventional immunological assays. Autoimmune responses to receptor sites would require a genetic predisposition to failure of immunological tolerance such as occurs in various autoimmune diseases. This hypothesis is supported by recent findings in hyperthyroidism and a type of insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus, and is applicable to other endocrinopathies, diseases in which dysfunction at receptor sites can be postulated, and regulatory functions within the immune system itself. PMID- 52056 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma: a byproduct of tumour rejection. AB - It is suggested that Kaposi's sarcoma is the result of a chronic immunological reaction between antigenically altered or transformed lymphoid cells and normal lymphocytes. In the course of this local graft-versus-host type activity, an angiogenesis factor is liberated and intense proliferation of mesenchymal and endothelial cells ensues. During the G.V.H.-like activity, an oncogenic virus is either transferred to or induced in the cells responsive to the angiogenesis factor. Thus, the stage is set for neoplastic transformation of these cells in an environment which is conducive to the progressive growth of the virally transformed vasoformative mesenchyme. PMID- 52057 TI - Editorial: Non-allergic provocation of asthma. PMID- 52058 TI - Editorial: Congenital heart-disease: incidence and aetiology. PMID- 52059 TI - Editorial: Microwave hazards. PMID- 52060 TI - Editorial: Worthy but expensive? PMID- 52061 TI - Editorial: Narcotic analgesics in terminal cancer. PMID- 52062 TI - Editorial: Shall I treat mild hypertension? PMID- 52063 TI - Clinical applications of bone-marrow culture. AB - The use of in-vitro culture methods for studying human haemopoietic cells has advanced greatly since 1970. These methods have contributed to our understanding of the mechanisms controlling granulopoiesis though the physiological role of colony-stimulating factor needs further clarification. In leukaemia they offer an approach to the study of possible causal factors and to the characterisation of leukaemic-cell defects. Results already obtained support the concept that the bone-marrow in acute myeloid leukaemia consists of coexisting populations of normal and leukaemic cells, with a leukaemic clone predominating in relapse and normal clones regenerating in remission. For the individual patient, in-vitro methods may prove useful in assessing prognosis and in confirming the completeness of remission; the detection of early relapse may then indicate the need for changing or re-instituting therapy. Further studies may aid the classification of the "preleukaemic" states and may help in the identification of the various causes of neutropenia. PMID- 52064 TI - Late complications of sterilisation by laparoscopy and tubal ligation. A controlled study. AB - The frequency of late sequelae in 454 patients sterilised by laparoscopy and diathermy or by abdominal tubal ligation was compared with that in 154 controls whose husbands had had a vasectomy. Results showed an increase in menstrual loss and pain with menstruation in the sterilised groups, especially if this had been done by diathermy and division under laparoscopic control. PMID- 52065 TI - Systeme international in clinical medicine (SICM). PMID- 52066 TI - Letter: Aetiology of pre-eclampsia. PMID- 52067 TI - Letter: Lassa by letter. PMID- 52068 TI - Letter: Transfer factor in severe atopic disease. PMID- 52069 TI - Letter: Omental transposition for drainage of cerebrospinal fluid in man. PMID- 52070 TI - Letter: Viruses and gastroenteritis. PMID- 52071 TI - Letter: Amyloidosis and erythema nodosum leprosum. PMID- 52072 TI - Letter: Chromosomal aberrations in protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 52073 TI - Letter: Maternal nutrition and low birth-weight. PMID- 52074 TI - Letter: Unresolved hepatitis in a patient with hepatitis A and B. PMID- 52075 TI - Letter: Seroepidemiology of hepatitis-B infections. PMID- 52076 TI - Letter: Hepatitis B not transmissible via faecal-oral route. PMID- 52077 TI - Letter: HBs and anti-HBs survey in mother/infant pairs. PMID- 52078 TI - Letter: HL-A 1,8 phenotype and HBs antigenaemia in haemodialysis patients. PMID- 52079 TI - Letter: Immunotherapy of fulminant hepatitis B. PMID- 52080 TI - Letter: Impaired glycerol clearance in obesity. PMID- 52081 TI - Letter: New forms of phenylketonuria. PMID- 52082 TI - Letter: Alpha-fetoprotein during mid-trimester induced abortion. PMID- 52083 TI - Letter: Antenatal misdiagnosis of neural-tube defects. PMID- 52084 TI - Letter: Bromocriptine in parkinsonism. PMID- 52085 TI - Letter: Zinc deficiency and cellular immune deficiency in acrodermatitis enteropathica in man and zinc deficiency with thymic hypoplasia in fresian calves: a possible genetic link. PMID- 52086 TI - Zinc sulphate for acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 52087 TI - Letter: Ethambutol and the eye; zinc and copper. PMID- 52088 TI - Letter: Early onset of daunorubicin (daunomycin) cardiotoxicity. PMID- 52089 TI - Letter: Absorption of pentagastrin from gastrointestinal tract in man. PMID- 52090 TI - Letter: Unsafe anaesthetic supply systems. PMID- 52091 TI - Letter: Incidence of breast cancer. PMID- 52092 TI - Letter: Chemotherapy and B.C.G. in acute lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 52094 TI - Letter: Hereditary recurrent haematuria. PMID- 52093 TI - Letter: Ulcerative colitis in the elderly. PMID- 52095 TI - Letter: T.R.A.B. examination. PMID- 52096 TI - Letter: Malignancy in chronic renal failure. PMID- 52098 TI - Letter: Early diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection. PMID- 52097 TI - Letter: Effect of thyroxine on bacterial growth in vitro. PMID- 52099 TI - Letter: Ventricular fibrillation after narcotic withdrawal. PMID- 52100 TI - Letter: Alpha-fetoprotein in urine of hepatoma patients. PMID- 52101 TI - Letter: Sequence comparison of gamma-gliadin and coeliac-toxic alpha-gliadin. PMID- 52102 TI - Letter: SI units. PMID- 52103 TI - Letter: Whose cost/benefit? PMID- 52104 TI - Letter: Purity of methotrexate. PMID- 52105 TI - Letter: Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and prospective screening. PMID- 52106 TI - Letter: Unsaturated fatty acids and cellular immunity. PMID- 52107 TI - Letter: Beta-sitosterol and chenodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of cholesterol gallstones. PMID- 52108 TI - Letter: Bilateral Wilms' tumour and urinary-tract anomalies. PMID- 52109 TI - Letter: Treatment of pre-pubertal mastitis. PMID- 52110 TI - [Use of cysteine in the glutaraldehyde fixation of Candida utilis yeasts]. PMID- 52111 TI - Some particularities of hepatitis B-antigen subdeterminants. AB - From 200 acute viral hepatitis patients serum samples were collected successively, at various intervals. In 192 patients one single hepatitis B antigen (HB-Ag) subdeterminant ("ad" in 37.6% and "ay" in 62.4% of the cases) occurred and persisted during the entire course of the disease. The remained 8 patients (4%) showed an alternation of HB-Ag subdeterminants. The possible causes of this alternation are discussed in detail. PMID- 52113 TI - [Analysis of the stimulus formation and excitation conduction systems by electrostimulation and intracardiac registration of the ECG (author's transl)]. AB - A program for investigating the stimulus forming and excitation conduction systems of the human heart by programmed stimulation and intracardiac lead, with its most important clinical indications, is presented. The parameters to be determined for function analysis of the individual structures, such as the corrected sinus node recovery time, conduction rates and functional and effective refractory periods are discussed with their electrophysiological principles and their clinical information value. PMID- 52112 TI - [Laboratory studies in trichinelliasis]. PMID- 52114 TI - [Cytostatic therapy of tumors under conditions of partial synchronisation with particular reference to malignant tumors of the testicle (author's transl)]. AB - Cytostatic therapy under conditions of "partial synchronisation" is reported. 12 patients with extensive metastases of malignant testicular tumors and 5 other patients with other rapidly growing metastasizing tumors were treated. They had all previously undergone extensive operation, irradiation and some also treatment with cytostatics. Vincristine/ifosfamide and bleomycin/ifosfamide were given as stosstherapy and trofosfamid (Ixoten) as maintenance therapy. There was complete remission of the lung metastases in 8 of the metastasizing testicular tumors. Retroperitoneal and supraclavicular metastases became operable. In 2 patients there was a partial remission lasting 4-6 months. Complete remission could be obtained in the other patients. PMID- 52115 TI - Letter: Diurnal variation of serum beta 2 microglobulin in normal subjects. PMID- 52116 TI - Letter: e Antigen in HBs Ag-carrier mothers. PMID- 52117 TI - Infective transmission and characterisation of a C-type virus released by cultured human myeloid leukaemia cells. AB - A C-type virus isolated from long term cultures of myeloid cells from a patient with acute myelogenous leukaemia is infectious for a wide variety of cells. The establishment of chronically infected cells enabled us to characterise the virus by biological, immunological, and biochemical tests. The virus is closely related to the simian sarcoma-associated virus isolated from a woolly monkey fibrosarcoma. PMID- 52118 TI - Non-encephalitogenic antigen-induced suppression and reversal of allergic encephalomyelitis. PMID- 52119 TI - Chemical modification of crab nerves can make them insensitive to the local anaesthetics tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin. PMID- 52120 TI - Are contact hypersensitivity cells cytotoxic? PMID- 52121 TI - Lymphocyte activation in vitro to murine onco-foetal antigens. PMID- 52122 TI - Altered serological and cellular reactivity to H-2 antigens after target cell infection with vaccinia virus. PMID- 52123 TI - [Good palliative radiotherapy of metastasized malignant granulosa cell tumor]. PMID- 52124 TI - [Viral hepatitis B (serum hepatitis). II. Laboratory study]. PMID- 52125 TI - [Pediculosis capitis, a prickly problem]. PMID- 52126 TI - [Possibly cardiotoxic action of miconazol injection fluid]. PMID- 52127 TI - [Uroflowmetry in the diagnosis of neurogenic bladder disorders]. PMID- 52128 TI - Human immunoglobulins: the structural basis and origin of their diversity. PMID- 52129 TI - Disease-inducing activity of different parts of bovine encephalitogenic protein in guinea-pigs. AB - The encephalitogenic activity of different parts of bovine encephalitogenic protein (BEP) has been tested in guinea-pigs, mainly at a dose equimolar to 32 mug of intact protein. A high activity was found with complete protein and with region 89-169; both peptide 43-115, tyr (modified at the tyrosine residue 67) and HNB-89-169 (modified at the tryptophan residue 115) showed a moderate but clear cut activity, whereas that of peptide 1-42 was very faint. No qualitative differences in the disease induced by the different peptides could be found; in only one animal out of 139 were clinical signs observed without evidence of histological disease. Slight histological changes, similar to those seen at EAE, were found in four out of 19 animals injected with Freund's complete adjuvant only. PMID- 52130 TI - Fractionation of protein carried by axoplasmic transport. II. Comparison in the rat of proteins carried to the optic relay nuclei. AB - Proteins carried in the fast (200 mm/day) axoplasmic flow of retinal ganglion cells in albino rats were labeled with intraocular injections of radioactive L methionine. Transported proteins which accumulated in the lateral geniculate nuclei (LGN) and superior colliculi (SC) 4 1/2 hours after injection were extracted with media of increasing solubilizing power. Over 70 percent of the transported material is soluble only in media possessing detergents such as Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Specific activities of the transported proteins exceeded 7000 dpm/mg. With specific activities this high, further fractionation could be carried out under conditions of high resolution. Separations of solubilized proteins on polyacrylamide gels, either with or without detergents, showed that a large number (60-100) of polypeptides are transported. Using a double labeling procedure which employed L-[35S]methionine and L-[methyl-3H]methionine, material transported to the LGN was compared with that transported to the SC. No statistically significant differences were seen in the polypeptides transported by the retinal ganglion cells to the two major optic relay nuclei. PMID- 52131 TI - Comparison of dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa) combined with levodopa and levodopa alone on the cardiovascular system of patients with parkinson's disease. AB - The effects of carbidopa combined with levodopa (carbidopa/levodopa) and levodopa alone on the cardiovascular system of patients with Parkinson's disease were evaluated. Thirty-eight patients who had been on stable doses of levodopa underwent a complete cardiac examination, including measurement of recumbent and erect blood pressure and 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Patients were classified with respect to the presence or absence of clinically significant heart disease and ventricular arrhythmias. Nineteen of the 38 patients (50 percent) had heart disease, and 12 (32 percent) had significant ventricular arrhythmias. Eleven of the 12 with arrhythmias had underlying heart disease. The incidence of arrhythmias did not correlate with the dose of levodopa. The patients were subsequently randomly assigned to treatment groups receiving either carbidopa/levodopa or levodopa alone. There was no significant difference in the severity of ventricular arrhythmias or in the incidence of orthostatic hypotension in the group assigned to carbidopa/levodopa compared with the group receiving levodopa. PMID- 52132 TI - Differentiation of silver-calciumsalt staining methods using a photographic reducer. PMID- 52133 TI - Examination of fungal nuclei with the feulgen-fluorescence method. PMID- 52134 TI - Donders Lecture 1972. Biological factors in vitreous surgery. PMID- 52136 TI - [Quantitative study of alpha 1 antitrypsin and alpha 2 macroglobulin in the sputum]. AB - A quantitative study of alpha-1-antirypsin and alpha-2-macroglobulin in the sputum showed an increase in both during attacks of asthma and in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis. The levels were much lower in asthma patients during remissions, in emphysema and in patients with chronic simple bronchitis, without associated bronchospasm. The parallel variations in levels of alpha-1 antitrypsin, albumin and transferrin in the sputum, contrasts with the course of secretory IgA and are in favour of a transudation process of alpha-1-antitrypsin across the respiratory mucosa. PMID- 52135 TI - Temporomandibular degenerative joint disease. Part II. Diagnostic procedure and comprehensive management. AB - The diagnostic procedure is given in the detail necessary to arrive at an accurate diagnosis of temporomandibular degenerative joint disease (TDJD). The differentiating clinical findings of degenerative joint disease (DJD) and rheumatoid arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are described. Principles and modalities of comprehensive management of TDJD are presented in the manner and sequence needed to allow practical clinical application. Methods of treatment are applied to the management of patients with acute and chronic TDJD. The surgical procedure for TDJD, intracapsular high condylectomy with a preauricular incision, is described in the detail required for individual application. Case reports are presented to illustrate the comprehensive management of TDJD. PMID- 52137 TI - F antigen. III. Immunological and biological properties. AB - Relationship of the isoforms of F antigens from A2G and CBA inbred mouse strains have been worked out in detail in respect to their immunogenicity. Mice from several inbred strains have been shown to possess the ability of forming anti-F upon stimulation with xenogeneic F antigens from certain species. An immunoelectrophoretic method for sensitive quantitation of the antigen is described. During human ontogenesis the antigen appears very early. It could never be detected in serum except in cases of acute liver disease. A small fragment set free under denaturing conditions showed the ability of inhibiting precipitation of the complete antigen by antibody. The F protein seems to be a vehicle for this small fragment possessing haptenic properties and probably being responsible for the universal cross-reactivity. PMID- 52138 TI - Symposium on behavioral pediatrics. Chronic physical disease. Behavioral aspects. PMID- 52139 TI - A developmental approach to symptoms based on age groups. PMID- 52140 TI - [Evaluation of the gestational age of the newborn by determination of serum alpha 1-fetoprotein]. PMID- 52141 TI - [Proceedings: A double, autosite, ypsiloid, two-headed monster]. PMID- 52142 TI - [Proceedings: Pustulosis varioliformis of Kaposi-Juliusberg in an 11-year-old girl. Treatment using methisazone]. PMID- 52143 TI - [Mechanisms of inactivation of aminosides. Relationship to phenotype in Gram negative bacilli]. AB - Aminosides are antibiotics essential in the treatment of gram negative bacilli infections. Phenomena of resistance related to them are amongst the best documented. For enterobacteria encountered in clinical practice, the process is usually a plasmid mediated inactivation mechanism, the dispersion of which in a hospital context may be appreciated. Precise knowledge of the modes of inactivation and the molecular sites involved has led to the production of semi synthetic aminosides which escape the action of these enzymes. A classification of hospital bacteria according to their type of resistance is possible by virtue of the study of phenotypes and may make it possible to define the true need of these new substances. PMID- 52144 TI - [Surgery of pain in the lung apex cancers]. AB - When invasion of the brachial plexus occurs, tumours of the lung apex result in intolerable pain. On the basis of 13 cases, the authors show that surgical excision, whilst only palliative, is associated with immediate total or quasi total disappearance of pain in all patients. This effect lasted for two to eighteen months. Operation gives marked relief in a painful situation not helped by medical treatment. PMID- 52145 TI - [Development of hemochromatoses]. PMID- 52146 TI - [Letter: Cardiac rhythm disorders after taking fenoxedil chlorhydrate]. PMID- 52147 TI - [Letter: The fetal sex. Its prenatal diagnosis by the search of "fluorescent corpuscle' lymphocytes circulating in the maternal blood]. PMID- 52148 TI - A clinical nursing study: failure to thrive in a child with Down's syndrome. AB - A five-year-old child with Down's syndrome and severe failure to thrive, given a program of individually tailored developmental nursing care, showed substantial improvement as evidenced by changes in seven of nine criteria chosen for measurement. When investigation of the child and his family suggested that the failure to thrive was the result of masked deprivation, a study was designed to measure the effect of a 17-day program of developmental nursing care on specific parameters of growth and behavior-height, weight amount of sleep, caloric intake, active mobility, awareness of the environment, prelanguage vocalizations, self stimulation behavior, and play activity with toys. Data on these criteria were gathered before, during, and after the nursing care program. Findings supported the assumptions that there would be an increase in height, weight, amount of sleep, active mobility, awareness of the environment, prelanguage vocalizations and a decrease in self-stimulation. Findings did not support the assumptions that there would be an increase in caloric intake and play activity with toys. The study supported the use of nursing care as the primary therapeutic modality for children with this condition and illustrated an approach to systematic evaluation of the effects of nursing care. PMID- 52149 TI - Psychogeriatric day patient assessment-2. Recording and interpreting the data. PMID- 52150 TI - Nursing approaches to conservative management of renal disease. PMID- 52152 TI - [Effect of antocoagulant treatment on the serum level of fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products in patients with threatened and actual myocardial infarct]. PMID- 52151 TI - [Histochemical study of the effect of phosphoroorganic esters Z-50 (fenchlorfos) and Z-51 (bromophos) on cholinesteras activity in the course of the muscle phase in experimental trichinellosis in mice]. AB - The studies were carried out on mice between the 14th and 19th days, i.e., in the period of maximum penetration of T. spiralis larvae in the host's muscles. Phosphoro-organic esters were given orally to experimental animals in oil solution, at the following doses: Z-50 -- 150 mg per kg of body weight and Z-51 - 100 mg per kg of body weight. The influence of esters on the activity of cholinesterases was investigated with the Koelle-Friedenwald method, modified by Gomori. The aim of the study was to establish the joint activity of the migrating Trichinella larvae and phosphoro-organic esters on the organism of the host. Z-50 and Z-51 penetrate in therapeutic doses the striated muscles rather weakly. 24 hrs after these compounds were given, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was inhibited in motor end-plates in about 30%, and in muscle fibres infected with T. spiralis larvae in about 60-70%. Pseudocholinesterase (PChE) activity was stronger inhibited than AChE. 24 hrs after applying Z-50 and Z-51 PChE was inhibited in about 90%. Of the two phosphoro-organic esters being examined Z-51 stronger inhibited the cholinesterases activity than Z-50. It was found that the efficiency of phosphoro-organic esters in the course of trichinellosis depends on its ability of infiltration into the host's muscles and on the degree of inhibition of the active cholinesterases in the motor end-plates. Attention was drawn to the fact that increased activity of cholinergic system is one of the main factors in the patholgenesis of the second phase of trichinellosis, i.e., the migration and penetration of the larvae in the muscular fibres of the host. PMID- 52153 TI - Nonarticular rheumatism. PMID- 52154 TI - Thyroid metabolism in the recessive sex-linked dwarf female chicken. 2. Binding of thyroid hormones by serum proteins. AB - Serum protein profiles were studied together with serum binding sites and capacity for L-thyroxine in dwarf and non-dwarf White Leghorn and White Rock breeds at ages 1 wk., 4 wks. and in laying hens. Serum protein profiles varied with breed, strain and age. The percent gamma-globulin fraction was greater (P less than .05) in dwarf 1 wk. old and laying hens of the White Leghorn breed when compared with the normals. The only difference found in the White Rock breed was a decreased level of albumin in dwarf laying hens. There were no significant differences in the capacity or sites of binding of L-thyroxine to serum proteins although greater amounts of L-thyroxine were bound to globulin fractions in the dwarf. The data were interpreted to suggest that changes in serum protein profiles may have been the result of hypothyroidism at the cellular level but there was no reason to suspect abnormal binding of thyroid hormones to be the cause of that hypothyroidism. PMID- 52155 TI - Region of immunoglobulin light-chain mRNA transcribed into complementary DNA by RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus. AB - The mRNA coding for a kappa-type immunoglobulin light (L)-chain and its complementary DNA (cDNA) hybridize with a Crt1/2 of 2.6 x 10(-4) moles of ribonucleotide x liter-1 x sec, forming well-matched duplexes (melting temperature Tm equals 89 degrees). The molecular weight of the cDNA is about 280,000 (840 nucleotides) as determined by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation and from the extent of protection of the mRNA by the cDNA from ribonuclease digestion. The cDNA anneals with kappa-type mRNAs of the same and different subgroups with comparable Crt1/2 values, but not with a lambda-type mRNA. Thus, one kappa-type cDNA can be used to quantify the mRNAs coding for all kappa-type L-chains. The values of cDNA hybridized at saturation with various kappa-type mRNAs indicate that: (1) the cDNA is complementary to the entire constant region and to about half of the variable (V)-region; (2) V-regions of similar amino-acid sequence are coded by a similar nucleotide sequence; (3) the nucleic acid probe to one V-region may anneal and quantify V-region genes of members of the same subgroup. PMID- 52157 TI - Transformation of cultured human embryonic fibroblasts by oncornavirus-like particles released from a human carcinoma cell line. AB - A fibroblast-like cell culture was established from a stomach biopsy of a patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma. One of the cultures, at the 6th passage level, left unattended for a month at 37 degrees, produced numerous foci of epithelioid cells. Upon subculturing, an epithelioid cell line, designated HCCL (human carcinoma cell line), was established. The HCCL cells released particles possessing the characteristics of oncornaviruses: density 1.175 g/ml, cores with a density of 1.22-1.26 g/ml, high-molecular-weight RNA (60-70S) and RNA instructed DNA polymerase activity (deoxynucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7). Inoculation of particles released from HCCL cells into cultures of human embryo muscle fibroblasts resulted in the appearance of foci of transformed cells. PMID- 52156 TI - Specific binding of tryptophan transfer RNA to avian myeloblastosis virus RNA dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase). AB - The ability of tryptophan tRNA (tRNATrp) to initiate reverse transcription of the 70S RNA of avian RNA tumor viruses suggested that the reverse transcriptase (RNA dependent DNA polymerase; deoxynucleosidetriphosphate: DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.7) might have a specific binding site for the tRNA. A complex of tRNATrp and the avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase has been demonstrated using chromatography on Sephadex G-100 columns. Of all the chicken tRNAs, only tRNATrp and a tRNA4Met bind to the enzyme with high enough affinity to be selected from a mixture of the chicken cell tRNAs. The ability of tRNATrp to change the sedimentation rate of the enzyme indicates that tRNATrp is not binding to a contaminant in the enzyme preparation. Treatment of the enzyme with monospecific antibody to reverse transcriptase prevented binding of tRNA as well as inhibited the DNA polymerase activity of the enzyme. The ability of reverse transcriptase to utilize tRNATrp aa a primer for DNA synthesis, therefore, appears to involve a highly specific site on the enzyme. PMID- 52159 TI - Adjuvant effect on maintenance and escape from tolerence. AB - When mice are injected with deaggregated human gamma globulin (HGG), and HGG tolerant state ordinarily is produced and persists despite subsequent challenges with an immunizing dose of HGG in saline or with an immunizing dose of HGG in Mycobacterium adjuvant. Subsequent administration of an immune elimination dose of radiolabeled HGG, at 27 days and 47 days does not break the tolerant state. Of special interest is the observation that when complete adjuvant containing increasing amounts of mycobacterial components was administered in conjunction with antigen very early in the tolerance induction phase 5 days after TID, it appears to prevent tolerance production. Mice challenged 5 and 17 days after the tolerance-inducing inoculation exhibit a statistically significant increase in circumvention of tolerance when compared with individuals challenged on the 7 and 17 day schedule. This increased circumvention of tolerance, as evidenced by 5 day challenge mice, seems to be related both to the mycobacterial content of the adjuvant and murine strain. PMID- 52158 TI - Oncornavirus-like particles from cultured bone marrow cells preceding leukemia and malignant histiocytosis. AB - Particles with the density and enzymatic activity characteristic of known oncornavirus have been previously described in bone marrow cells from patients with leukemia in relapse and in remission. We have confirmed these findings and studied two patients in whom preleukemia was among the diagnostic considerations. Following cultivation of bone marrow from these patients for 1 week in conditioned media with dexamethasone, a high-speed pellet of the supernatant fluid and disrupted cells was prepared and analyzed on a sucrose gradient for enzymatic activity characteristic of RNA-directed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase). Peaks of endogenous DNA polymerase activity showing ribonuclease sensitivity and/or stimulation with the synthetic template poly(rC)-(dG)12-18 were demonstrated in both patients at densities of 1.15 to 1.19 and 1.21 to 1.24 g/ml. Subsequently, diagnosis 2 and 4 months after initial evaluation revealed acute myelogenous leukemia and malignant histiocytosis, respectively. Prior studies have suggested a possible etiological significance of such particles in human leukemia. The demonstration of similar particles preceding clinically overt disease in these patients supports this hypothesis and offers the possibility of early diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 52160 TI - [Synergism of the toxic effects of Tween and Lindane on thrombocytes and leucocytes in frog blood]. PMID- 52161 TI - [Preparation and properties of indomethacin-protein conjugates. 7. Immunosuppressive antigen conjugates]. PMID- 52162 TI - [Clinical, polygraphycal study of a case of so-called congenital indifference to pain (author's transl)]. PMID- 52163 TI - Immunological recognition of specific antigenic determinants in UV- and gamma irradiated phage DNA. AB - Thermally denatured DNA of coliphage T1 after treatment with uv-light (2537 A) and 60Co-gamma rays acts as a hapten with antigenic determinant groups specific for radiation-induced alterations of the macromolecule. After conjugation to methylated bovine serum albumin the DNA becomes immunogenic in rabbits. Antibodies against irradiated DNA do not react with unirradiated single-stranded DNA. Antigen-antibody complexes were demonstrated by CsCl-density gradient centrifugation. The decrease in buoyant density of the DNA is proportional to the amount of antibody protein bound to the antigen. By this means photoproducts as well as alterations due to ionizing radiation in DNA were detected independent of the type of antigen-antibody complex, i.e. precipitating or soluble aggregate. PMID- 52164 TI - Transurethral resection of benign enlargement of prostatic gland. PMID- 52165 TI - Transurethral resection of prostatic adenoma in Basel. A comment to the paper by K. O. Obrant. PMID- 52166 TI - [On the molecular species of mammalian cell DNA polymerase (author's transl)]. PMID- 52167 TI - [Ultrastructural studies on the mechanism of bullae formation in pemphigoid. Peroxidase-labeled antibody method]. PMID- 52168 TI - [Epidemiologic and epizootiologic situation of botulinum toxin poisoning in the world in the years 1960-1973]. PMID- 52169 TI - [Bleomycin in Hodgkin's disease (stages III and IV) and other lymphomas]. PMID- 52170 TI - [Comparative value of tomoechography, laparoscopy, directed liver biopsy, selective arteriography and determination of alpha-fetoproteins in the diagnosis of hepatocarcinoma]. PMID- 52171 TI - [Induced systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 52172 TI - [Extrasystolic arrhythmias in children]. PMID- 52173 TI - [Treatment of Basedow's disease]. PMID- 52174 TI - [How to interpret an electrocardiogram. 7. Genesis of rhythm disorders]. PMID- 52175 TI - [Wave bursts]. PMID- 52176 TI - Idiotype-positive T lymphocytes. PMID- 52177 TI - Responsiveness of lymphoid precursors to polyclonal B-cell activators. AB - We have shown previously that in the differentiation of fetal liver cells to mature B cells in irradiated hosts, these cells sequentially gain responsiveness to the polyclonal B-cell activators dextran-sulphate (DxS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and purified protein derivative from tuberculin (PPD), in that order. In this paper we show that both fetal liver cells and adult bone marrow cells responded with proliferation to DxS, but not to LPS OR PPD. However, neither fetal liver nor bone marrow cells gave rise to detectable numbers of high-rate antibody-secreting cells on short-term stimulation by polyclonal B-cell activators. The lack of LPS and and PPD responses of fetal liver and bone marrow cells could not be ascribed to the presence of inhibitory cells, and the DxS induced response in these cell populations was not dependent on adherent cells. However, LPS could inhibit the DxS response of fetal liver cells, possibly indicating that DxS-responsive cells are precursors to B cells. Direct evidence was provided that DxS activated B-cell precursors in bone marrow. Thus, this cell population became responsive to LPS after DxS prestimulation, as measured by DNA synthesis. Bone marrow cells, sequentially stimulated with DxS and LPS, contained increased numbers of cells with surface immunoglobulin, although no significant increase in numbers of antibody-secreting cells was obtained. These data indicate that DxS had the capacity to increase the rate of differentiation of B-cell precursors. Finally, we show that the sequential appearance of responsiveness in B-cell differentiation to polyclonal B-cell activators is not due to lack of accessory cells during early stages in maturation. PMID- 52178 TI - Biological significance of Fc receptor-bearing cells among activated T lymphocytes. AB - Lethally irradiated mice injected with syngeneic thymocytes and immunized with protein antigens develop specific helper T cells. If injected with semiallogeneic thymocytes, such mice generate H-2 antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells. Most spleen cells from these chimeric mice possess Fc receptors. The present results demonstrate that the development of Fc-receptor-bearing cells in thymocyte injected irradiation chimeras seemingly is due to the physiological conditions in the mice rather than to the specific immunization. As a corollary, both helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells did not have Fc receptors, at least not in their effector state. Thus, Fc receptors on T cells would seem irrelevant to their immune function. PMID- 52179 TI - Quantitative separation of antigen-specific murine antibodies by anti-allotype chromatography. AB - The use of Sepharose-conjugated murine anti-Iga or anti-Igb allo-antisera allowed the quantitative separation of immunoglobulins of the two allotypes. After fractionation of mixtures of anti-(T,G)-A--L antisera obtained from congenic strains differing in immunoglobulin allotype, it was possible to measure the antigen-binding capacity of specific anti-(T,G)-A--L antibodies in each allotype fraction. Analysis of artificial mixtures of immune sera obtained from homozygous Iga and Igb animals showed that this method is quantitative and internally consistent. This method of affinity chromatography was used in the analysis of specific anti (T,G)-A--L antisera from tetraparental mice. PMID- 52180 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: heterogeneity of effector cells in human peripheral blood. AB - We have compared antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCMC) of human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) in three model systems. target cells were 51Cr labeled mouse mastocytoma cells, chicken erythrocytes (CRBC), and human erythrocytes (HRBC) coated with appropriate heterologous or isologous antisera. Effector cells were characterized on the basis of their adherence, phagocytosis, radiosensitivity, and sedimentation velocity(s) at 1 g. In predominantly mononuclear (Ficoll-Isopaque-purified) PBL preparations (MPBL) HRBC were lysed by an adherent, phagocytic population of cells that was markedly radio-resistant. Sedimentation velocity analysis further established that these effector cells were restricted to rapidly sedimenting fractions (s greater than 4.5 mm/hr). On the other hand, mastocytoma cells were lysed by a population of MPBL that was nonadherent, nonphagocytic, and relatively radiosensitive. These cells mainly restricted to slowly sedimenting fractions (s greater than 4.5 mm/hr) following 1 g velocity sedimentation. CRBC appeared to be susceptible to lysis by both types of mononuclear effector cell. In some experiments, enriched populations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were isolated. These cells were found to lyse both HRBC and CRBC very efficiently, whereas mastocytoma cells were lysed very little if at all by the same effector populations. Taken together, these results suggest that antibody-coated mastocytoma cells are lysed uniquely by effector cells in human peripheral blood with the physical properties of lymphocytes, whereas antibody-coated HRBC are lysed by both monocytes and PMN, but not by lymphocytes. Antibody-coated CRBC would appear to be lysed by all of the three effector cell types tested. PMID- 52181 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to a serologically defined (SD) HL-A antigen panel in kidney-transplanted patients. AB - The graft-directed, cell-mediated immunity in kidney-allografted patients was examined with a seriologically defined (SD), donor-unrelated panel of antigenic material in clinical steady state, soon after transplantation, and during acute rejection episodes. The SD antigens were selected from the panel on the basis of predictions hypothesized from the SD match of donor and recipient. The cell mediated immunity was measured by the direct leukocyte migration agarose test (LMAT). Positive reactions in kidney-transplanted patients were induced particularly by one preparation (antigen 52) and were unpredictable on the basis of SD classification. The investigation shows that other antigenic determinants, different from SD antigens, probably play an important role as inducers of cell mediated, graft-associated immunity in kidney-transplanted patients. PMID- 52182 TI - Specificity of cell-mediated lympholysis for public and private H-2 determinants. PMID- 52183 TI - A surface antigen marker for human monocytes. AB - Antisera have been raised in rabbits aginst human peritoneal macrophages. After absorption with tonsil cells the sera reacted, by direct and indirect immunfluorescence, with phagocytic mononuclear cells from a variety of tissues and, in addition, stained a small population of nonphagocytic non-T, non-B mononuclear cells present in blood, spleen, and marrow but absent or very rare in tonsil and thymus. The antisera may define a human monocyte-macrophage cell surface differentiation antigen (HuMA) and can be used to deplete or enrich reactive cell population. PMID- 52184 TI - The effect of lipopolysaccharide on the primary immune response to the hapten NNP. AB - We have studied the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the primary in vivo immune response to the hapten (4-hydroxy-3,5-dinitrophenyl)acetyl (NNP), with special reference to the avidity and affinity of the early appearing 19S and 7S antibodies. Comparisons were made of the immune response to NNP in groups of mice given either antigen alone, LPS alone, or antigen plus LPS. The avidity of antibodies induced by LPS plus antigen were similar to that found after injection of antigen alone, in spite of the fact that the antibodies were more numerous. However, when comparing the avidity of antibodies produced in animals given only LPS with those given LPS plus antigen, the latter group was often found to have fewer low-avidity 19S-antibody-producing cells. The affinity of 7S antibodies was also similar in the two groups given antigen or antigen plus LPS. Kinetic studies of the effect of LPS on the primary immune response to NNP showed that synergy was observed only before or after the peak response in groups given antigen alone. It is concluded that LPS under synergy conditions acts preferentially on specific antigen-sensitive cells, which are distinct from those that are activated to polyclonal antibody synthesis by LPS alone. Possible mechanisms for the adjuvant effect of LPS are discussed. PMID- 52185 TI - Common idiotypic antigenic determinants on monomeric (7S) and polymeric IgM from the same serum. PMID- 52186 TI - Shared idiotypic determinants on B and T lymphocytes reactive against the same antigenic determinants. IV. Isolation of two groups of naturally occurring, idiotypic molecules with specific antigen-binding activity in the serum and urine of normal rats. AB - In the rat the major histocompatibility locus antigens are determined by the Ag-B locus. In the present article evidence is presented that the sera and urine of normal adult rats contain naturally occurring antibody-like molcules with reactivity to allogeneic Ag-B antigens. Such molecules can be shown to contain both antigen-binding capacity for the relevant antigens and the idiotypic markers signifying such specific reactivity. The molecules could be shown to be composed of two groups of molecules, one around 7S IgG in size and the other around 35,000 in molecular weight. Only the smaller molecules were found in the urine. From other data we know that the 7S molecules are produced by B lymphocytes and the 35,000-molecular-weight molecules by T cells. Purified natural anti-Ag-B factors, when inoculated into rabbits or chickens, lead to the production of specific anti idiotypic antibodies that will selectively inactivate rat T lymphocytes with the capacity to react against the relevant Ag-B antigens while leaving other reactivity intact. We thus conclude that the present system allows the purification of naturally occurring idiotypic B- and T-cell products with antigen binding specificity for further biochemical and functional analysis. PMID- 52187 TI - Secondary responses of human lymphocytes to alloantigens in vitro. AB - The secondary response of human lymphocytes following restimulation with alloantigens has been studied. If fresh stimulating cells are added to a mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) at a time when the peak of proliferative and cytotoxic activity has passed, a rapid reactivation occurs. The secondary response in MLC demonstrates specificity such that restimulation with the original sensitizing cell (or one presumably sharing the LD genetic determinants responsible for triggering MLC) induces a greater proliferative response than a third-party cell. On the other hand, the secondary cytotoxic response is directed towards the SD antigens of the original sensitizing cell regardless of which cell is used for restimulation. Possible mechanisms of cellular interactions are considered to explain these results. PMID- 52188 TI - Inhibition by anti-beta2-microglobulin antisera of responder cells and not of stimulator cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - Specific antisera directed against beta2-microglobulin (B2m) have been shown to inhibit completely the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). However, the mechanism of inhibition has been unclear. In the present study, further experiments were performed to determine the effect of anti-B2m on both the stimulator and responder cells in an MLR. The experimental design used was that of a xenogeneic MLR, using mouse and human lymphocytes. The ffect of anti-human B2m was studied in this system. Anti-human B2m inhibited the xenogeneic MLR only when human lymphocytes were used as responder cells and did not inhibit the MLR when they were used as stimulator cells... PMID- 52189 TI - Some epidemiological and clinical aspects of hepatitis B antigen and its subtypes. AB - The close association between hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) and the infectious agent of hepatitis B is clear. Many investigations have shown HBAg to be a useful tool for epidemiological studies of hepatitis B. The relation between HBAg and the postulated hepatitis B virus (HBV) is as yet not clear. In light of recent results a possible candidate could be the so-called Dane particle, which has HBAg reactivity on the surface, but possesses an antigenically distinct core. The core has been shown to have associated DNA polymerase activity. The particles which carry HBAg reactivity have surfaces which are antigenically complex. One common specificity a and 2 pairs of mutually exclusive determinants have been recognized namely d and y and w and r but further possible specificities are under investigation. Four different phenotypes have been described, adw, adr, ayw and ayr. Present evidence indicates that adw, adr and ayw are the phenotypic expression of 3 different transmissible strains of HBV. Studies on the epidemiology of these subtypes have shown 3 different geographic patterns. In the USA and Northern Europe both Dw (adw) and YW (ayw) are common, but in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East Yw is practically the only type found. In the Far East DR (adr) is the dominating subtype. Investigations have been done to determine whether there are any clinical differences in hepatitis caused by the different tubtypes. No certain differences have been shown. PMID- 52190 TI - Cellular elements in the urine in health and in acute infectious diseases, especially with respect to the presence of haematuria. A study with application of millipore procedure and Papanicolaou staining. AB - The excretion of cellular per litre of urine amounted in healthy persons to, in round figures, one million epithelial cells (2.5 cells per visual field) in both sexes, one million leukocytes in males, one million erythrocytes in females and 0.5 million in males. The maximal excretion was calculated to be 5-6 million per litre. In acute infections the number of epithelial cells and leukocytes in the urine rose to more than the double. Pathological microscopic haematuria, judged by exceeding of the maximal value for normal excretion during the acute phase (24 or more erythrocytes per visual field), occurred in no case of mycoplasma infection, in about 4% of measles, mononucleosis, serous meningitis and hepatitis cases, in about 8% of mumps and streptococcal infections, and in more than 20% of influenza A2 cases. Statistical significance or probable significant existed between influenza and other diseases. The haematuria was unrelated either to the general degenerative or to the specific inclusion-provocative reaction within the renal and urinary tract epithelium. The cause is sought in an involvement of glomeruli with increased diapedesis. The special position of influenza may be explained by the marked haemorrhagic reactions produced by this infection. In one case persistent haematuria combined with increased content of inclusion-bearing cells occurred after influenza. Immunoglobulin deposition in glomerular mesangium may perhaps be one explanation of this haematuria. PMID- 52191 TI - Effect of the common bile acids on the fibrin/fibrinogen fragments in rheumatoid synovial fluid. A possible clue to the ameliorating effect of jaundice in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products observed in rheumatoid synovial fluid exhibit resistance to plasmin proteolysis. In the present study, the influence of the common bile acids on the plasmin digestion of these degradation products in 16 rheumatoid synovial fluids were quantitated immunologically by radial immunodiffusion, and qualitatively estimated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Addition of chenodeoxycholic acid, deoxycholic acid, and their taurine and glycine conjugates in concentrations of 3.33 mumole/ml of a mixture of rheumatoid synovial fluid and plasmin resulted in complete plasmin degradation. Cholic acid and its taurine and glycine conjugates were effective only in concentrations of 4.44 mumole/ml. A detergent, such as Triton X-100, had little or no effect on the plasmin digestion. Other proteins capable of influencing fibrinolytic activity, such as plasminogen and the inhibitors alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha2 macroglobulin, were not affected by the two detergents. The bile acids are thought to influence the fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products by unfolding the protein at a molecular level, by virtue of their properties as steroid detergents, leaving the fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products susceptible to plasmin digestion. PMID- 52193 TI - Differential fluorescent staining of human chromosomes with daunomycin and adriamycin--the d-bands. AB - Human chromosome preparations were treated with a group of anthracycline antibiotics. Well-defined, orange-red fluorescent bands were observed on chromosomes after the slide was stained with daunomycin and adriamycin but not with nogalamycin. The characteristic differential bands appeared to be similar to the banding patterns obtained by the quinacrine techniques. Interaction of these antibiotics with DNA could provide information on the general mechanism of fluorescent banding. Further, these bands (D-bands) appeared to be more stable than the Q-bands and may have some usefulness for routine clinical cytogenetic analysis. PMID- 52192 TI - Immunologic differentiation of proteins in the surfactant system of the lung. AB - Immunoelectrophoresis revealed the following four protein components in the lung surfactant system of guinea-pigs: albumin, transferrin, IgG, and an organ specific protein migrating in the beta-globulin range. These proteins probably take part in the formation of the hypophase of the alveolar lining layer and thereby influence the surface properties of the alveolar air-liquid interface. PMID- 52194 TI - Letter: Histamine and radiation-induced taste aversion conditioning. PMID- 52195 TI - [Renaut's bodies and familial neuropathy of the Dejerine-Sottas type. Apropos of 2 anatomo-clinical cases]. AB - The authors report the pathological and clinical findings in two cases of familial Dejerine-Sottas neuropathy, including the peripheral nerve lesions of an unusual type producing extensive sub-perineural separation. In one case, there was onion bulb hypertrophy of the schwann layer and definite demyelinisation and above all, endoneural nodular structures known as Renaut bodies. The presence of Renaut bodies has not, to our knowledge, yet been reported in Dejerine-Sotta's disease. It is rare but well known during other neural diseases, which are often familial and in various pathological circumstances, such as syringomylia, diabetes and hypothyroidism. The fibroblastic origin of these structures has been proved. Their possible pathogenic role and their significance are still the object of discussion. PMID- 52196 TI - The chronic pain syndrome. PMID- 52197 TI - Treatment of obstructing cancer of the colon and rectum. AB - A review was made of 128 patients who had obstructing cancer of the colon and rectum. About one-third of the patients had metastatic disease at the time of presentation. Primary resection carried an initial higher mortality rate than staged resection, but at one year and three years, no statistical difference can be found between the two procedures. There are high morbidity and mortality rates with all forms of treatment. A controlled comparative trial of primary and staged resection is recommended in the treatment of obstructing cancer of the colon and rectum. PMID- 52198 TI - Mediastinoscopy and bronchial carcinoma: experience with 600 mediastinoscopies. AB - Of 600 mediastinoscopies carried out from 1966 to 1973, 479 were performed to assess the operability of a pulmonary carcinoma. Of these, 206 (43%) were positive and 273 (57%) were negative. Of the 161 patients found positive during an initial period, 147 were refused operation; the remaining 14 were considered suitable candidates for operation, either because only one homolateral lymph node site was involved or because there was a concomitant osteoarthropathy. The tumour was irresectable in one of these 14 patients who died after 3-5 months; curative resection was possible in one and palliative resection in 12 patients. These 12 patients all died within a year. Of the 184 patients found negative during an initial period, 149 were treated by operation. The tumour proved irresectable in seven (5%), while curative resection was possible in 113 (76%) and palliative resection in 29 (19%) patients. Comparison with the period 1957-63, when in the same hospital resection was performed after a negative Daniels' (scalene node) biopsy, shows that the tumour was irresectable in 25 (20%) of the 124 patients with a negative biopsy, while curative resection was possible in 43 (35%) and palliative resection in 56 (45%) patients. During a second period, patients with a positive mediastinoscopy were in principle refused operation. Of 89 negative patients, 81 were treated by operation. No tumour was found to be irresectable; curative resection was possible in 63 (78%) and palliative resection in 18 (22%) patients. An operation for bronchial carcinoma was performed on 167 patients between September 1970 and September 1973 after a negative mediastinoscopy in 95, and without mediastinoscopy in 71 patients, either because of a peripheral tumour (70) or because of a tumour relapse after two years (1). The resection was palliative in 11% of the 71 cases, but in only one patient with a peripheral tumour could a mediastinoscopy have been positive. Finally, an operation was performed on one patient with a positive mediastinoscopy and a tumour relapse after six years. A survival study was made of the first 100 patients with pulmonary carcinoma, operated on between September 1970 and March 1972 and with a follow-up from a minumum of two years to a maximum of 3-5 years. The early mortality averaged 10% and was higher after pneumonectomy than after lobectomy. The late mortality was 16% after curative lobectomy, 38% after curative pneumonectomy, and 83% after palliative pneumonectomy. The survival after 2 to 3 5 years was 63%. PMID- 52199 TI - [Surgical treatment of advanced gastrointestinal neoplasms]. PMID- 52200 TI - [Automatized instruction for hospital personnel]. PMID- 52201 TI - [Colloidal reactions and immunoglobulins]. PMID- 52202 TI - Expression and segregation of HL-A antigens in D98/AH-2 by lymphocyte and fibroblast hybrids. AB - Somatic cell hybrids between D98/AH-2 and fibroblasts or peripheral blood lymphocytes were analysed for the expression of HL-A antigens. The hybrids express the antigens of the donor lymphocytes or fibroblasts as well as other HL A specificities from D98/AH-2, a HeLa derivative on which no HL-A could be detected by direct cytotoxicity. Segregant hybrid clones could be used to determine HL-A haplotypes and define the linkage relationships between these haplotypes and the PGM3 alleles expressed in the hybrids. An analysis of the HL-A antigens on D98/AH-2 and other HeLa derivates was done using absorption and a modified cytotoxicity assay. PMID- 52203 TI - Extracellular cross-striated banded structures in human connective tissue. AB - Extracellular cross-striated banded structures have been found in the connective tissues of a variety of organs. Rarely have they been found in conditions such as: hyperplastic parathyroid, follicular adenoma of the thyroid, metastatic hemangiopericytoma in the lung, sarcoidosis of lymph node, and two biopsies of nerve as reported here. The shape and size of the structure varies, as well as its periodicity, which is usually in the range of 1000 to 15000 A. An unusual exception to this general rule is the banded structure in the follicular adenoma of the thyroid where the periodicity is 270 A. These structures are quite different from native collagen or experimentally reconstituted long-space collagen, both by staining reaction with phosphotungstic acid or uranyl acetate and lead nitrate, and in their ultrastructural morphology. PMID- 52204 TI - Histochemical demonstration of hyaluronic acid in human dermal mast cells. AB - Acid mucopolysaccharides in mast cell granules were histochemically studied in the lesion of urticaria pigmentosa and in the dermis of normal human skin. Alcian blue and azure A were used to stain mucopolysaccharides. Bromphenol blue was employed for detection of basic proteins. In a further attempt to identify various polyanions, staining was carried out with alcian blue containing various concentrations of electrolytes. Methylation, saponification, and digestion with streptomyces or testicular hyaluronidase, chondroitinase ABC, sialidase, or desoxyribonuclease were also employed. The results obtained are most likely to suggest the presence of hyaluronic acid in mast cell granules. PMID- 52205 TI - [Fetal tumor antigens]. AB - A wide spectrum of fetal antigens is found not only in fetal cells but also in tumor cells. These substances are termed onco-fetal antigens. One group out of these antigens has developed special diagnostic interest and importance, first of all the carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) in adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Another class of fetal antigens consists of tumor assoicated membrane-antigens against these the organism may develop a cytotoxic reaction and in the long run, may repulse the tumor like an incompatible graft. The verification of this second group was possible by means of various cross reactions. These latter fetal antigens eventually may be utilized for purposes of immunological prophylaxis and therapy. PMID- 52207 TI - [Radiotherapy of brain metastases]. AB - Experiences are reported obtained with radiation therapy of brain metastases in 121 patients during the last 15 years. The treatment to lesser extent aimed at prolongation of survival but much more at the attempt to alleviate troubles and to spare pain. The indication thus involved medical points of view as well as ethical ones. The radiotherapy of cerebral metastases comprises the whole cranial volume and requires a focal dose of minimally 4000 R within four weeks. In 53% of the patients, the regression of neurological symptoms was considerable, in 18% even complete, partly beginning already after a few days of treatment. The number of recurrences was small. Under conditions of rigorous indication, the radiation therapy of brain metastases offers a rewarding palliative measure. PMID- 52206 TI - Studies on the effect of Fenchlorphos on postirradiation changes of serum proteins and nucleic acids content in rat liver. AB - The effect of Fenchlorphos on postirradiation changes of serum protein levels and nucleic acid content in rat liver were investigated. It was found that this compound significantly decreases postirradiation changes in serum proteins, properdin level and nucleic acid content in rat liver. An important role of these phenomena in radioprotective action of Fenchlorphos is suggested. PMID- 52208 TI - [Studies on the relationship between dental plaque and the hard tissues of healthy and diseased teeth]. AB - 1. Dental plaques were detected in all the teeth under investigation, with the exception of impacted teeth. 2. The appearance of the plaques is regular. They occur chiefly in certain zones of the tooth crown and in retention areas. The film thickness ranges from 10 to 60 mum. 3. No alterations of the structure or of the primary texture of the hard tissues were observed on healthy and periodontally diseased teeth. The plaques infiltrate but slightly into the surface. 4. Carious teeth have a different appearance. The plaques infiltrate more or less deeply. They even penetrate into the macroscopically free zones of the enamel as well as of the dentine. The infiltrate is diffuse, especially in regions where the relationship between mineral and organic constituents is distrubed. PMID- 52209 TI - [The effect of health educational measures on the state of oral hygiene. 1. Relationship between intensity and effectiveness]. AB - The effectiveness of health educational measures increases with the time spent for them. A health education which motivates the patients towards personal activity is unequivocally superior to passive forms of health education such as information, instruction and demonstration. PMID- 52210 TI - Serum alpha-feto protein (alpha-FP) and hepatoma in Rhodesian Africans. AB - Alpha-feto protein (alpha-FP) is now accepted as a very useful serum marker of hepatocarcinoma, and since its discovery in 1963, surveys have been carried out in various regions of the world, where hepatoma is particularly prevalent, which have shown that alpha-FP may be detected in 50 to 80% of patients with liver cancer. The sera of 30 Rhodesian African patients with histologically proven hepatoma were tested in this study for the presence of alpha-FP. In only 47% was alpha-FP detected. Thus it is our experience that a positive result is strong evidence in favour of a diagnosis of hepatocarcinoma whilst a negative result is of little value, necessitating that liver biopsy be carried out in all patients with clinical suspicion of liver cancer. PMID- 52211 TI - Hepatitis associated antigen, cirrhosis and primary carcinoma of the liver in the Gambia. AB - 45% of 65 Gambian patients with cirrhosis, and 53% of 63 patients with primary liver cancer were found to have hepatitis-associated antigenaemia, re-inforcing the possible aetiological role of hepatitis in these two common diseases of Africa. PMID- 52212 TI - Relevance of some poxvirus infections in monkeys to smallpox eradication. PMID- 52213 TI - Heterologous reactions involving parasites, blood group antibodies and tissue components. AB - The sera of many patients with malaria and filariasis, and also anti-A and B blood group sera, were found to react by immunofluorescence with the somatic musculature of nematodes, especially Ascaris, and human and rat muscle, especially the skeletal type. These reactions were attributed to a polysaccharide related to AB substance in adult nematodes and to raised AB antibodies in malaria. Similar heterologous reactions were found to involve the integument of schistosome adult worms and the microfilariae of Loa loa, which were attributed to the incorporation of host AB blood group substances into the parasite. Other parasites and sera gave mainly negative results. These heterologous reactions constitute a potential hazard in immunofluorescence tests, against which skeletal muscle provides a control. The antibodies concerned were not operative in complement fixation tests, but there was a relationship to anti-complementary activity which suggested the transient presence of a circulating antigen. PMID- 52214 TI - Leishmaniasis in Brazil: X. Some observations of intradermal reactions to different trypanosomatid antigens of patients suffering from cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - In spite of the difficulty of antigen standardization, paired intradermal skin tests demonstrated qualitative differences between leishmanin and in vitro exo antigen. Some of these differences may be due to the destruction of certain antigens by phenol, while others seem to reflect basic antigenic differences. Leishmania mexicana amazonensis in vitro exo-antigen produced immediate anaphylactic reponses in 74.4% of the patients with parasitologically proven cutaneous leishmaniasis. Although more individuals responded to leishmanin, 82.4% as compared to 73.9%, the leishmanial in vitro exo-antigen gave significantly larger delayed responses, Trypanosoma cruzi trypamosomin elicited delayed reactions, while trypanosomal in vitro exo-antigen only produced immediate anaphylactic reactions in persons with active cutaneous leishmaniasis. PMID- 52215 TI - Another example of a B variant. AB - A family in which five members has a weak B variant and one member had a normal A and weak B reaction is reported. It appears that these phenotypes arise by the inheritance of a variant allele of the ABO locus. Their cells react weakly when added to anti-B sera, and they have normal anti-A activity and an absence of anti B in their sera. Additionally, all of the members tested had increased levels of cellular H substance and all of the affected secretor members of the family secreted normal amounts of both B and H substance. Transferase activity of the sera of these individuals confirmed the presence of the B-gene specific transferase. PMID- 52216 TI - A pH-dependent auto-agglutinin with anti-P specificity. AB - An agglutinin with apparent anti-P specificity, reactive only at pH values below 6.0, was found in the plasma of a healthy female blood donor. It is postulated that this agglutinin recognizes latent receptors revealed by structural alterations to red blood cell membranes which occur in an acid environment. PMID- 52217 TI - T cell-dependent suppression of an anti-hapten antibody response. PMID- 52218 TI - Possible roles of suppressor cells in immunologic tolerance. PMID- 52219 TI - The stimulation of specific suppressor T cells in genetic non-responder mice by linear random copolymers of L-amino acids. PMID- 52221 TI - Male-specific antigens. Evidence for allelic differences in reciprocal hybrid mice. PMID- 52220 TI - Cross reactivity between H-2K and H-2D products. III. Effect of H-2K-H-2D cross sensitization on skin graft survival. AB - Cross sensitization between the products of the H-2K and H-2D loci has been demonstrated by an experimental design in which recipients were sensitized with tissue bearing determinants controlled by one locus (e.g., H-2K), and then challenged with skin grafts expressing determinants controlled by the other locus (e.g., H-2D). In one combination, experimental grafts were rejected faster than first-set control grafts. Cellular rather than humoral mechanisms appeared to mediate this effect. In a second combination, prolonged survival of experimental grafts were observed. This enhanced survival may have been influenced by serum antibody, either to H-2 or Ia determinants. PMID- 52222 TI - Common geography as a clue to causation. AB - Certain diseases characteristic of modern civilization have been shown to have a similar worldwide geographical distribution, and in developing countries a similar socio-economic distribution. This suggests that some causative factor may be common to each, and evidence is provided to support the hypothesis that this might be the over-refining of carbohydrate foods. PMID- 52223 TI - Serum immunoglobulin and protein concentrations in Zambian African patients in Lusaka. AB - Serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD and gamma-globulin, total globulin and albumin concentrations have been determined in 136 adult Zambian African hospital in-patients, with several diagnoses, in Lusaka, Zambia. The study gives base-line data for that population. A significant positive correlation between serum IgG and gamma-globulin concentrations (P less than 0.001) suggests that for routine use the less costly method for serum gamma-globulin determination gives equally useful information as that for IgG. PMID- 52224 TI - [Spectral and photometric characteristics of different batches of auramine O (OO)]. AB - The spectra of absorption and fluorescence of Auramine O (OO) specimens in water solution and in cells, stained with Schiff-type auramine-SO2 reagents for DNA, were investigated. Using different specimens of the stain the accuracy and sensitivity of the cytofluorometric method were estimated by the next parameters: the value of the useful signal from the nucleus (no), the value of the production of no by the time constant of fading (tau), the value of proportion of the signal to the background (no/nphi) and, in addition, the value of the variation coefficient under the measurement of the rat liver tetraploid cells. The purity of the dye was shown to interfere largely with accuracy and sensitivity of the above method. Auramine 00 of the Reanal production appeared to have the best photometricl characteristics. For this, the maxima of the absorption spectrum in the 320--700 nm region in the solution and in the cell were 371 and 433 nm, and 375 and 436 nm, resp. The maximum of the fluorescence spectrum was found 521 nm and 526 nm, resp. for the solution (0.02%) and for the Auramine-SO2 treated cells. Moreover, an isomer of Auramine O (00) -- Auramine G can be used for detection and photometrical measurement of DNA and glycogen after the Feulgen and PAS reactions, resp. PMID- 52225 TI - [Method for the morphological identification of individual brain neurons intravitally and after fixation]. AB - Pyramidal neurons stained with methylen blue (from layers III and V of the cat brain cortex) are revealed in vivo after a special preparation of the contact objectives in the reflecting light. Small pieces of the brain tissue with identified neurons were separated under visual control, after which an oriented piece placed in a special grid-basket appeared to be stabilized by the borders of the grid. This method permits investigating the same neurons after fixation by means of histological light or electron microscope techniques. PMID- 52226 TI - [Serum triiodothyronin during treatment of hyper- and hypothyroidism]. PMID- 52227 TI - [The incidence of radiologically diagnosed concretions in the prostate in six different patient groups]. PMID- 52228 TI - Evaluation and treatment of patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. PMID- 52229 TI - Evidence for antigenic differences among pyocins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 52230 TI - Gordon Wilson lecture, 1974: Searching for the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 52231 TI - [Significance of some immunobiological indices in acute purulent destructive pneumonia in children]. PMID- 52232 TI - [Chickenpox in a newborn infant]. PMID- 52233 TI - [De novo biosynthesis of nicotinic acid in candida lipolytica]. PMID- 52234 TI - [Alpha-fetoprotein in assessing obstetric diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Radio-immunologic measurement of alpha-fetoprotein is possible in small amounts of blood and amniotic fluid. During the first half of pregnancy the AFP values in maternal serum are lowered when there is fetal abnormality (hydatid cyst, immnent abortion). In the second half of pregnancy high values of AFP also indicate danger to the fetus (Rh-incompatibility). The older the pregnancy the AFP values in amniotic fluid fall. In pathologic pregnancy (hydramnion, anencephaly, trisomy) AFP concentration was normal or raised. Measurement of the AFP level in umbilical cord -- blood provides further diagnostic chances: assessment of the duration of pregnancy and, therefore, of fetal maturity. PMID- 52235 TI - The soluble antigens of Rickettsia prowazeki, R. typhi and R. canada. Investigation of their interrelationship by various serological methods. AB - The purpose of this research is the isolation of an eventual species-specific fraction from the "soluble antigen" of Rickettsiae. The "soluble antigen" of R. prowazeki (Breinl strain), R. typhi (Wilmington strain) and R. canada were purified at 25% saturation with ammonium sulphate (PSA). Corresponding antisera were produced in rabbits. The serological methods used were the complement fixation, the micro-agglutination, the precipitation method in capillary tubes and the immuno-diffusion method carried out with complete and previously cross absorbed antisera. Furthermore, the PSA were subjected to immuno-electrophoretic and disc electrophoretic fractionation. The PSA of R. prowazeki was found to contain at least 4 group-specific fractions. A species-specific component could be demonstrated with certainty only with the precipitation method in capillary tubes carried out with previously cross-absorbed antisera. The PSA of R. typhi contains 5 fractions of which 4 are group-specific and one is species-specific. This result was confirmed by all methods. The PSA of R. canada: the maximum of 3 components could be detected with the help of immuno-electrophoretic fractionation. A fourth antigenic determinant was made apparent by the presence of corresponding antibodies in the anti-R. canada PSA only. PMID- 52236 TI - Immunological activity of the peptidoglycan. AB - Studies on the immunology of peptidoglycan received impetus from the initial observation that the rabbit Group A-variant streptococcal antisera were a rich source of antibodies to peptidoglycan. Indeed, quantitative precipitin studies revealed concentrations as high as 7-10 mg/ml of antiserum. The amount of antibody after Group A-variant streptococcal immunization is much greater than the amount in the sera following immunization of rabbits with the Group A or C streptococci. Furthermore, earlier studies had shown that the purified peptidoglycan obtained as a residue following extraction of streptococcal cell walls with hot formamide was a poor antigen. Both the hexosamine polymer and the peptide moiety are antigenic. Use of the solid phase synthesized pentapeptide L Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala and related similar peptides facilitated the determination of the fine structure of the immunodominant site of pentapeptide. The evidence points to the C-terminal D-Ala-D-Ala as the immunodominant determinant. Because of the similarity of the peptidoglycans of a number of different bacteria, it would be anticipated that they would cross-react immunologically, and this has been shown to be the case. The biological and medical significance of antibodies to peptidoglycan has yet to be determined. Certainly the exposure to this ubiquitous substance which occurs in all the indigenous bacteria of the respiratory and the gastrointestinal tract must mean that from an early age and through advancing years there is a constant stimulation of the immune response to peptidoglycan. Because the immunochemistry of these substances is now firmly established, there is a scientific basis for proceeding with the medical and biological implications of peptidoglycan immunity. PMID- 52237 TI - Measurement of peptidoglycan antibodies by a radioimmunoassay. AB - Staphylococcus epidermidis peptidoglycans solubilized by sonication or lysozyme digestion, and synthetic peptidoglycan analogs such as HSA-carboxymethyl-Gly-L Ala-L-Ala-D-Ala-D-Ala (HSA-pentapeptide) or L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala (pentapeptide) have been labeled with 125I and tested for their applicability in the radioactive antigen binding assay. Use of radioiodinated Staph. epidermidis peptidoglycans was found to be considerably impeded by the presence of at least 2 different antigenic sites on such molecules, the pentapeptide and the glycan determinant. Application of labeled HSA-pentapeptide was limited by the necessity to use PEG for precipitation of Ag-Ab-complexes and by short linear potions of binding curves. However, the synthetic pentapeptide hapten, radioiodinated by the active ester method of BOLTON and HUNTER, proved to be a most useful regent for the selective measurement of pentapeptide antibody. Inhibition studies indicated that the immunological specificity of the labeled hapten was retained. Pentapeptide binding curves were linear from 15-500 g/ml of antibody. Generally, there was good agreement between pentapeptide antibody concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay and quantitative precipitation. PMID- 52239 TI - [A contribution to the morphology of Sudeck's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Histologic illustrations of stages of Sudeck's syndrome in the case of a 22 year old man, following amputation of the left mid-foot. Histometric techniques were also used. PMID- 52238 TI - Isolation and characterization of homogenous rabbit antibodies to Micrococcus lysodeikticus with specificity to the peptidoglycan and to the glucose-N acetylaminomannuronic acid polymer. AB - The antibody response of rabbits to Micrococcus lysodeikticus is characterized by the production of a high concentration of antibodies which manifest markedly reduced heterogenicity. The specificity of these antibodies was studied and it revealed that M. lysodeikticus contains 2 major antigens: both the glucose-N acetyl-aminomannuronic acid polymer obtained by formamide extraction of the cell walls and peptidoglycan solubilized by ultrasonic treatment gave precipitin reactions with hyperimmune antisera. By means of inhibition studies of the glucose-mannose polymer specificity, glucose appeared as the immunodominant sugar in the majority of antibodies studied. Inhibitions studies also confirmed that both the glycan and peptide moieties constitute antigenic determinants of M. lysodeikticus peptidoglycan. Antibodies to the glucose-mannose-polymer and the peptidoglycan were specifically fractionated by use of immunoadsorbents formed from lysozyme solubilized cell walls and activated Sepharose. Both antibody specificities showed a limited heterogeneity by isoelectric focusing. Finally, because antisera to M. lysodeikticus are a rich source of antibodies to peptidoglycan, emphasis is placed on the possible usefulness of this system for studies of clonal dominance. PMID- 52240 TI - [Long term results of percutaneous catheter treatment (Dotter technic) in femoropopliteal occlusions in stage II]. PMID- 52241 TI - [Study of the immunological specificity of transplacentally induced neurinomas in rats]. PMID- 52242 TI - [Bone marrow lymphocytes (B-cells) in intact and thymus-deficient dogs and monkeys]. PMID- 52243 TI - [Comparative study of the antigenic structure of human skin and its fractions separated by mechanical methods]. PMID- 52244 TI - [Clinical and laboratory data for the demonstration of the relationship between dental focal infections and exudative multiform erythema]. PMID- 52245 TI - [Animal experimental studies on the caries inhibiting effect of fluoride containing gels]. PMID- 52246 TI - [Serological studies on Staph. aureus strains from various processes of a disease of human origin (author's transl)]. AB - This paper deals with serological studies on 332 Staph. aureus strains of human origin having been isolated from various sources. On the basis of typing with 17 factor sera, a great number of groups and types was obtained occurring among the strains of several processes of a disease without showing special serological structural formulae which would have been typical for pathological changes of certain localisation. But still deviations have been observed between the strains of most of the series of observation which proved to be significant differences of incidence and referred to several groups and types. In this isolated observation of the single factors, different antigen-structures occurred as result. PMID- 52247 TI - [Neuraminidase neutralizing antibodies in pigs with chronic Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection (author's transl)]. AB - Investigating sera from pigs with chronic E. rhusiopathiae infection relative gamma-globulin values, agglutination titers, and neuraminidase-neutralizing humoral antibodies were determined at the 12th and 15th, 11th and 14th, and 3rd and 6th month after infection. We found increasing gammaglobulin values and increasing neuraminidase neutralizing antibodies but decreasing agglutination titers. Few animals don't have antibodies against neuraminidase and died during the observation period. Furthermore immunodiffusion test demonstrated precipitating lines of antibodies against living E. rhusiopathiae cells and active neuraminidase. No or very weak bands were observed against heat killed cells and heat-inactivated enzyme. PMID- 52248 TI - Studies on serotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - By means of an agar-gel double diffusion technique the existence of five serological types of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was revealed by demonstrating the antigens responsible for type specificity. Based on these findings a typing method has been developed using a microprecipitin technique in agar-gel. 381 gonococcal strains have so far been typed by means of five cross-absorbed rabbit antisera. PMID- 52249 TI - [Kanner's syndrome and childhood schizophrenia]. AB - The examination of 32 children with Kanner's syndrome of early infantile autism permits to assume that this syndrome in some of the cases is expressed only by inborn anomalies which correspond to constitutional psychopathy in adults. In most of the cases this syndrome forms the initial expression of child schizophrenia. In separate cases disorders very similar to Kanner's syndrome may be seen after the first olliterated attack during early childhood (up to 3 years). A comparative study of the same indices of development of 268 children with an early onset of schizophrenic process in spite of some differences confirms that Kanner's syndrome is very close to childhood schizophrenia. An analysis of genealogical data shows genetical relations of Kanner's syndrome with child schizophrenia. PMID- 52251 TI - Letter: Cytoplasmic staining of pituitary adenoma cells with the papanicolaou stain. PMID- 52250 TI - Letters to the editor: An unusual finding in the vaginal smear. PMID- 52252 TI - Letter: De gustibus non disputandum: an examination of papanicolaou staining. PMID- 52253 TI - Spectral characteristics of human leukocytes and their relevance to automated cell identification. I: Basophils. PMID- 52254 TI - Studies on topical antiperspirant control of axillary hyperhidrosis. AB - Axillary hyperhidrotics is reviewed from the standpoint of anatomical factors, physiological mechanisms and the history of methods of control. Anhydrous aluminum chloride and anhydrous zirconium tetrachloride are shown to be superior topical agents for partial control of axillary sweating when applied as a powder or in anhydrous nonreactive vehicles. Complete anhidrosis as demonstrated by sustained garment armpit dryness could be achieved in hyperhidrotics within 48 hours by the following trinary antiperspirant system: (1) a saturated solution of aluminum chloride hexahydrate or zirconyl chloride in absolute ethanol or isopropyl alcohol, (2) application to the dry axilla at times of sleep or other prolonged non-sweating period, (3) water vapor occlusion of area for 6 to 8 hours by means of Saran wrap. The hypothesis is presented that metallic antiperspirants act by reflux entrance into the terminal intraepidermal eccrine duct, slowly combining with the intraductal keratin, to produce a fibrillar contraction (super contraction) of keratin and hence functional closure, not histologically evident. This altered keratin is shed weeks later, with the consequent return of ductal patency and sweating. PMID- 52255 TI - Development of high intensity narrow-band lamps and studies of the irradiation effect on human skin. Irradiation with high intensity lamps. AB - A compact light source has been developed. It consists of a high-pressure mercury lamp, a shutter, and water-cooled filters for selected wavelength regions. A mixing device permits simultaneous irradiation from two lamps of different wavelengths. The spectral distribution of the light for seven filter combinations and the construction of a power meter are also described. The application of the lamps to clinical investigations is illustrated by determination of minimal erythemal and blister doses, as well as pigmentation, for various groups of patients. The light intensities available are high enough to make pain threshold measurements possible in the UV and visible regions. PMID- 52256 TI - Products of epidermal protein synthesis. AB - The products of epidermal protein synthesis in tissue slice and cell-free systems have been characterized by chromatographic, electrophoretic, and immunologic methods. Radiolabeled proteins of heterogeneous size are found in the supernatant and particulate fractions from both systems. The major labeled proteins in the supernatant fraction have molecular weights of approximately 43 000 and 65 000. The natively-insoluble proteins of the particulate fraction were solubilized either with desoxycholate or alkaline urea. Subsequent analysis of theses fractions yielded a labeled, high molecular weight, urea-soluble protein whose electrophoretic mobility was slower than that of the heavy chain of myosin. The immunologic reaction between the radiolabeled fraction and antibody raised against filamentous protein suggests that synthesis of proteins identical to epidermal filamentous protein occurs in the in vitro systems. PMID- 52257 TI - Electron microscopic study of nevic corpuscle. AB - An intradermal nevus, in which a number of nevic corpuscles were clearly observed, was studied, using the electron microscope. Nevic corpuscles contained laminated cells consisting of flattened cytoplasmic processes stretching across the corpuscles to form a complicated labyrinth. The perikaryon of these cells contained premelonosome-like dense bodies and other organelles including mitochondria, rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus. Neither axons nor dendrites were found in these areas. From these observations, it was concluded that the nevic corpuscles were composed exclusively of nevus cells and could be clearly distinguished from Meissner corpuscles. This view would support the idea of a unitary origin of nevus cells. In addition, an isolated cilium found in a laminated cell is briefly discribed. PMID- 52258 TI - Liver biopsy in methotrexate-treated psoriatics-a re-evalution. AB - Two-hundred and eighty-six liver biopsies were performed in 139 psoriatics on treatment or considered for treatment with methotrexate. In 56 psoriatics included in this study both pre- and post-methotrexate biopsies were performed, the average methotrexate dose being 936 mg. None of the data showed statistically significant differences between pre- and post-methotrexate biopsies, with the exception of an increase in fattly infiltration, found when comparing all pre methotrexate biopsies with the total number of latest post-methotrexate samples. As expected, alcohol seemed to be significantly associated with liver fibrosis in pre-methotrexate biopsies. An patients, although potassium arsenite alone has not been proved to be the cause of liver damage among psoriatics included in this study. While only 1 of 22 psoriatics with a total normal biopsy had been on arsenite, 6 of 18 of the same group of psoriatics who had fibrosis had been on this drug earlier. Although no statistically significant differences related to fibrosis and cirrhosis could that in three cases liver cirrhosis did appear in a biopsy from a methotrexate-treated psoriatic who had signs of fibrosis of cirrhosis in a pre-methotrexate biopsy. This incidence is low in relation to the total number of patients treated. The relatively low incidence of cirrhosis found in the present study, as in earlier studies by our group is believed to be due to the use of an intermittent dosage schedule. The study showed that early fibrosis and cirrhosis seem to appear, with very minor abnormalities in laboratory results. This finding indicates the necessity of performing liver biopsies in the control of psoriatics on long-term methotrexate therapy. The difference between biopsies from psoriatics and liver biopsies from control patients may indicate that severity of disease may be a complicating factor in the pathogenesis of the liver damage. PMID- 52259 TI - HL-A antigens (17, 27, UPS) in psoriasis with special reference to patients with arthritic lesions. AB - Fifty patients with longstanding and severe psoriasis vulgaris have been tissue typed. HL-A 17 and 27 from second sublocus and UPS from third sublocus have been found to occur in increased frequency. HL-A 27 was found to be more prevalent among those with arthritic lesions. The lack of significantly increased frequency of HL-A 13 is discussed. PMID- 52260 TI - Circulating immune complexes in a patient with prolonged gonococcal septicemia. AB - A case of prolonged gonococcal speticemia is presented. Lack of genital symptoms, of demonstrable gonococcal antibodies in whole serum, and initially also of skin lesions contributed to a delayed diagnosis that was finally confirmed by positive blood culture. Evidence of circulating immune complexes was obtained by the demonstration of gonococcal IgG antibodies after dissociation of serum by gradient centrifugation of pH 4.0. The possibility that circulating immune complexes may contribute to the symptomatology of gonococcal septicemia is pointed out. PMID- 52261 TI - Anti-basement membrane antibodies in sera from patients without bullous pemphigoid. AB - Sera from 208 individuals were examined for antibasement membrane (anti-BM) antibodies by means of an indirect immunofluorescence technique. In sera from patients with bullous pemphigoid 19 of 25 had anti-BM antibodies in titres varying from 80 to 32 000. In 2 of 42 sera from patients with psoriasis, anti-BM antibodies were demonstrated (titres 40-640). Of 58 sera from patients with leg ulcers, antibodies were found in 4 (titres 40-320). Antibodies were found in 2 of 43 patients with cardio-vascular disease (titre 80) and in 1 of 40 control persons (titre 40). Serum from one of the patients with leg ulcers caused a punctate staining pattern unlike the tubular pattern seen in all other positive sera. PMID- 52262 TI - Epidermal intercellular binding of concanavalin a and pemphigus antibody. AB - The binding sites of Concanavalin A (Con A) and pemphigus antibody in the intercellular spaces of the human epidermis have been investigated. Extraction of human skin with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and 70% ethanol resulted in complete loss of the binding sites of the pemphigus antibody, whereas the extracted skin still retained its reactivity to Con A. Preincubation with more than 0.25 mg/ml of Con A with normal skin caused a reduction in the binding of pemphigus sera. However, preincubation of pemphigus sera with human skin caused no inhibition of the subsequent binding of fluorescein-labelled Con A. These results indicate that Con A binding sites might be related to, but not identical with those of pemphigus antibody. PMID- 52263 TI - The effects of X-ray, ultraviolet and infrared irradiation on the basement membrane zone antibody reaction of the human skin in vitro. AB - Two patients with bullous pemphigoid were treated with radio cobalt or betatron irradiation. Thereafter bullous eruptions developed in the non-irradiated skin. It is known from the literature that ultraviolet light applied to the normal appearing skin of patients with bullous pemphigoid produced fresh histologic and immunohistochemical changes in the irradiated skin. X-ray irradiation applied to human skin biopsy specimens using single doses of 7 000 and 8 000 R resulted in an increase of basement membrane zone antibody binding of 2-3 titre dilution steps. An increase of 3-4 titre dilution steps was achieved by irradiation with ultraviolet light. Infrared irradiation of skin biopsy specimens, on the contrary, caused the total loss of the basement membrane zone fluorescence. It merits further study, whether these contrary effects on the basement membrane zone antibody binding of human skin in vitro (activation of bound antigen after X ray or ultraviolet irradiation and inactivation of antigen caused by infrared irradiation) are of clinical value concerning the bullous pemphigoid problem in vivo. PMID- 52264 TI - Poikiloderma congenitale-an early case of rothmund-thomson's syndrome. AB - A case of congenital poikiloderma is presented. Two types of congenital poikiloderma can be differentiated on the basis of onset of symptoms and configuration of skin lesions, i.e. Rothmund-Thomson's type and Wodniansky's type. The case presented here is of the Rothmund-Thomson's type, but showed only minor abnormalities apart from skin changes and hair loss. A slightly elevated concentration of lysine and cystine was found in the urine of our patient. PMID- 52265 TI - Surgical treatment of paronychia granulomatosa hallucis. AB - Paronychia granulomatosa is a complication incident to unguis incarnatus; surgery for this complaint was performed on 26 patients with 52 granulomas. The operation was first described by Bartlett in 1937. The postoperative hospitalization was 3 days and the patients returned a week later to have the sutures removed. After the operation, ten remaining granulomas were observed of which 6 were cured by operation and 2 conservatively, leaving 2 under continuing conservative treatment (5 months and 1 month, respectively). PMID- 52266 TI - Normal response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) in familial thyroxine binding globulin deficiency. AB - The response in serum thyrotrophin (TSH) to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) has been studied in 5 euthyroid patients with familial thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) deficiency. Total serum thyroxine (T4), serum triiodothyronine (T3) and free T4 index and free T3 index were significantly and equally decreased, but in spite of these findings the serum TSH and response to TRH was normal. The TRH test seems to be a better indicator of the euthyroid state in familial TBG deficiency than the measurement of free T4 and free T3 in serum. PMID- 52267 TI - Cellular localization of somatostatin in endocrine-like cells and neurons of the rat with special references to the A1-cells of the pancreatic islets and to the hypothalamus. AB - With the indirect immunofluorescence technique somatostatin, a recently isolated and structurally characterized hypothalamic tetradecapeptide, which inhibits growth hormone release, has been traced in different tissues of the rat. Somatostatin or somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) was present in both neurons and endocrine-like cells. Somatostatin positive nerve cell bodies were observed in the periventricular region in the anterior parts of the hypothalamus and in probable nerve endings in the external and internal layer of the median eminence and in the pituitary stalk and in the ventromedial, arcuate and ventral premammillary nuclei and to a small extent in the periventricular region. Somatostatin positive nerve fibers were also found in the posterior pituitary, indicating the existence of a third neurosecretory hypothalamo-hypophysial system, and in nerves in different layers of the wall of the small and large intestine. These nerves may possibly be of sensory nature since some cell bodies of the spinal ganglia showed a weak immunofluorescence. Somatostatin or SLI was found in certain cells localized in the periphery of the pancreatic islets. In parallel studies with glucagon antibodies it could be established that the somatostatin positive cells and the glucagon positive cells were not identical but localized extremely close to each other. Furthermore, with the Hellman Hellerstrom silver staining technique it could be shown that virtually all somatostatin cells are argyrophilic and vice versa. Somatostatin positive cells thus constitute the socalled A1-cells (D-cells). Glucagon positive cells, on the other hand, do in all probability not exhibit argyrophilia. The occurrence of probable somatostatin containing cells in the pancreatic islets is of special interest in view of several recent studies demonstrating an inhibitory action of this peptide on glucagon and insulin secretion. Somatostatin or SLI was found in a rather small number of cells in the thyroid gland with a parafollicular position. These cells exhibited a positive immunofluorescence also after pretreatment of the antiserum with calcitonin. Furthermore, endocrine-like cells in the stomach and in the intestine were also somatostatin positive. A large number of cells in various tissues, especially in the lamina propria of the gastro-intestinal tract, showed a strong fluorescence both after incubation with control serum and with FITC conjugated serum alone. The present results indicate that somatostatin or a somatostatin-like peptide(s), in addition to its inhibitory action on growth hormone release, may play a physiological role at many other levels of the organism. PMID- 52268 TI - Histochemical analysis of epidermal cells and mucous cells in the skin of Torpedo ocellata Rafinesque. AB - The histochemical analysis carried out on the mucus of the epidermis of Torpedo ocellata RAF. showed that it is not only produced in considerable quantities by the mucous cells but is also elaborated by the epidermal cells of the skin. The mucus elaborated by the mucous cells is rich in carboxyl and phosphate containing MPS and in sialic acid containing glycoproteins. It also contains a neutral mucopolysaccharide fraction relatable to glycogen and a considerable quantity of chondroitinsulfates B. Epidermal cells produce a secretion with the same histochemical characteristics as the mucus elaborated by the mucous cells and contain mucopolysaccharide-protein complexes. Their secretory activity is also discussed in relation to their functionality. PMID- 52269 TI - Light microscopic differential staining of epoxy-embedded adenohypophysis. AB - Light microscopic histochemical methods for differential staining of adenohypophysis glandular cells were applied to Epon-embedded tissue, after prior softening of resin with saturated solution of NaOH in absolute ethanol. All investigated staining procedures, i.e. carmoisin L-orange G, PAS-orange G, PAS range G-methyl blue, Gabe's aldehyde fuchsin-Halmi counterstain, aldehyde thionin PAS-orange G and performic acid-alcian blue-PAS-orange G were found to give satisfactory results and tissue structure showed no signs of damage caused by the Epon-dissolving reagent. The features of light microscopic image given by plastic embedded semithin sections: nearly 2-dimensional picture as well as the highest possible resolving power provide the opportunity for much more precise and detailed examination of adenohypophysis prepared that way, as compared with conventionally paraffin-embedded gland. Moreover, the described technique permits to establish a direct connection between light microscopic differential histochemistry of adenohypophysis and the electron microscopy by means of adjacent sections. PMID- 52270 TI - Investigation of the presence of chromaffin tissue in the ovary of the percoid teleost fish, Nandus. AB - The ovary of Nandus shows chromaffin tissue at different sites below the tunica albuginea, along the ovigerous lamellae and near the oocytes. The tissue can be mistaken for interstitial cells as it shows intense sudanophilia. That it is chromaffin tissue is confirmed by its positive reaction to all the usual histochemical tests for chromaffin. This tissue may represent some stage in the development of "corpora lutea". PMID- 52271 TI - The effect of ACTH and cortisone on basement membrane in relation to the embryological origin of the epithelium. AB - The changes of intensity of PAS reaction in basement membranes of epithelial cells derived from 3 different germ layers in rats after treatment with ACTH and cortisone were observed. After treatment with cortisone an increase of PAS reaction in all investigated basement membranes was observed. Influence of cortisone on all basement membranes was independent of the embryological origin. The results after treatment with ACTH were not uniform. PMID- 52272 TI - [On the possibility to demonstrate the presence of catecholamines in enterochromaffin cells: critical review (author's transl)]. AB - Various data contributing to support, after Lillie et al., the presence of catecholamines instead of (or in addition to) 5-hydroxytryptamine in the enterochromaffin cells, are submitted to analytical criticism by the Author. Topics of the discussion are mainly the behaviour of the diazo-reaction (in acid medium), the fluorescence induced by formaldehyde, and various reactions carried out either directly or following a chemical block. The Author demonstrates that 5 HT is present in the enterochromaffin cells and that it is impossible, at present time, to prove the presence of catecholamines in these cells on the basis of histochemical data. The Author debates also how biochemical or pharmacological tests may supply the lacking of histochemical proofs in demonstrating the presence of catecholamines; it is possible by applying these procedures to study situations like those postulated by Lillie et al., extending a comparative research also to other elements of the enterochromaffin cell system after ERSPAMER; the examples here reported however do not agree perfectly in some of the cases with these views. PMID- 52274 TI - [The so-called filaments in lafora-bodies, corpora amylacea and Bielschowsky bodies. Fasciolar substructures in accumulated intraplasmatic material of cellular dysmetabolies (author's transl)]. AB - Both the corpora amylacea and Lafora bodies have been described in the literature as filamentous structures. On electron microscopic examination they are often composed of ribbon-like fasciolar units. The ultrastructural appearance of these structures is discussed on the example of an amylopectin model. These fasciolar substructures are also encountered in Bielschowsky bodies and are then considered to be a sign of intracellular accumulation of dysmetabolic products. The histological and electron microscopical similarity of corpora amylacea, Lafora bodies and Bielschowsky bodies suggest that all these structures are an unspecific, nearly identical endproduct of various intracellular metabolic disturbances. The pathognomonic significance of these structures depends on their regional distribution: the common corpora amylacea occur predominantly in the astroglia, the Lafora bodies typical in the neurons and the Bielschowsky bodies are restricted to the neurons of the exterior pallidum. PMID- 52275 TI - The diagnosis of chronic simple conjunctivitis. Vital staining of tarsus with tetrazolium - alcian blue mixture. AB - Vital staining with a tetrazolium - alcian blue mixture gave a characteristic punctate red staining of the superior or the inferior tarsus in 69% of all examined patients with chronic simple conjuctivitis (69 patients subjected to 168 examinations). The superior tarsus was more frequently stained than the inferior (61% against 33%). The staining was most often concentrated centrally or in the middle anterior part of the superior tarsus. If located on the inferior tarsus, it was most often found medially, anteriorly. No corresponding staining was seen in normal eyes. The differential diagnosis involving keratoconjunctivitis sicca and pemphigoid is mentioned. The staining is due to enzymatic reduction of tetrazolium in the cytoplasm of the tarsal epithelial cells. The positive vital staining finding is consistent with a diagnosis of chronic simple conjunctivitis. PMID- 52273 TI - Lysosomal hydrolases in the trigeminal ganglion of mice afflicted with an hereditary sensory neuropathy (dystonia musculorum). AB - Selected lysosomal hydrolases have been investigated in the trigeminal ganglion of mice afflicted with an hereditary sensory neuropathy (dystonia musculorum). This was done using direct enzyme histochemistry. Correlative electron microscopy was also used to further elucidate perikaryal changes. The earlies observed lesion in the trigeminal ganglion of afflicted mice was numerous axon swellings containing intense lysosomal hydrolase activity. Subsequent to this observation, numerous neurones showed central chromatolysis, eccentric nucleus and increased lysosomal hydrolase activity. As various neurones throughout the ganglion underwent the classical chromatolytic reaction, the Golgi apparatus moved to a juxtanuclear location, and there was a focal juxtanuclear accumulation of lysosomes. During the later stages of the disease, a striking decrease in neuronal hydrolase activity characteristic of neuronal atrophy was observed. These results are consistent with earlier suggestions that loss of sensation in the disease could be due to an interruption of axonal transport in primary sensory of neurones. PMID- 52277 TI - Variations of protease inhibitors in foetuses, newborn infants and in some neonatal disorders. AB - Low levels of protease inhibitors have been found on the 1st day of life in IRDS infants. 19 IRDS infants were studied together with foetuses and control term and preterm infants. Alpha1-antitrypsin, antichymotrypsin and alpha2-macroglobulin were measured with the electroimmuno assay. IRDS infants had significantly reduced concentration of alpha-antitrypsin and antichymotrypsin on the 1st day, the level increasing to normal on the 2nd day. In foetuses alpha1-antitrypsin was normal, antichymotrypsin 2% and alpha2-macroglobulin 1/3 of the normal adult level. The protease inhibitors are increased in infants born after premature rupture of foetal membranes. The part, if any, played by protease inhibitors is not entirely understood. The inhibitors may, theoretically, be of some importance in the dissolution of the hyaline membranes, protect against pulmonary vasoconstriction, protect pulmonary tissue against leucocyte and macrophage proteolytic enzymes and inhibit the release of or counteract vasoactive substances that might take part in the development of shock in IRDS babies. PMID- 52278 TI - Bacterial antigen and acid phosphatase in macrophages in experimental pyelonephritis. AB - Experimental retrograde E. coli pyelonephritis was produced in rats. The study covered the period from 6-24 hours up to 6 months. Macrophages in the renal tissue were studied using immunofluorescence staining for bacterial E. coli antigen and histochemical staining for aicd phosphatase. A comparison of sections stained according to the two methods showed that antigen-containing macrophages in nearly all cases yielded a positive reaction for acid phosphatase. On the other hand, in several kidneys acid phosphatase-positive macrophages occurred which in consecutive sections studied by immunofluorescence did not contain antigen. The possibility of using staining for acid phosphatase as a screening method for the detection of active, antigen-containing macrophages in human chronic pyelonephritis is discussed. PMID- 52276 TI - Local tissue effects of surface-applied ENT drugs. AB - Local tissue effects caused by a selected group of topically applied ENT-drugs are analysed. By means of a testing system consisting of vital mircoscopy, infrared thermography and microangiography applied to hamsters and rabbits, an evaluation of the varying degree of tissue injury is made. According to the degree of tissue damage the tested substance could be graded in three groups (I III). The drugs belonging to group I show fairly little microcirculatory disturbance, while those belonging to group III cause tissue necrosis. Our conclusion is that topically applied drugs should be used with caution, especially on previously injured tissues. PMID- 52279 TI - Canine mycoplasmas: serological studies of type and reference strains, with a proposal for the new species, Mycoplasma opalescens. AB - The type and reference strains of all Mycoplasma species or "serogroups" presently known to occur in dogs were compared serologically. Tests of growth inhibition and metabolism inhibition as well as indirect immunofluorescence tests did not disclose any cross reactions. Examination by double immunodiffusion revealed at least one antigen specific for each strain tested. In addition, the common antigens were found within the glucose fermenting group and within the arginine metabolizing group of Mycoplasma strains, respectively. No antigens were shared by these groups. The arginine positive strain MH5408, serogroup D was found to differ serologically from all other arginine positive Mycoplasma species. Serogroup D is therefore a new species for which the name Mycoplasma opalescens is proposed. The type strain is MH5408 (ATCC 27921 and NTCC 10149). Finally, serological data are presented which relate strain HRC689 to M. mycoides. PMID- 52280 TI - O-antigenic specificity of lipopolysaccharides from Bacteroides fragilis ss. fragilis. AB - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from three strains of Bacteroides fragilis ss. fragilis were examined by indirect haemagglutination and inhibition of haemagglutination in unabsorbed and absorbed rabbit antisera. Six different antigenic specificities were detected. All serological activity was destroyed by oxidation of LPS with periodate. PMID- 52281 TI - Quantification of the inhibitory effect of eriochrome black and sodium nitrite on non-specific immunofluorescent staining. AB - To evaluate non-specific staining (NSS) of animal tissues by FITC-labelled immunoglobulins a model system was developed. HeLa cells were treated with labelled antisalmonella globulins and the fluorescence intensity of the cells was determined quantitatively by means of a fibre optic probe system. This system was used to determine the optimal treatment conditions (adequate concentrations, duration of treatment) using the two NSS-reducing agents eriochrome black and sodium nitrite. Approximately the same inhibitory effects (40-50 per cent using nitrite; about 85 per cent using eriochrome black) were obtained by conjugates of different F/P ratio values. The fibre optic probe system was also used to determine the effects of the above-mentioned agents on the NSS of liver sections. In this system, the NSS was strongly reduced by eriochrome black whereas nitrite treatment did not induce any inhibitory effect. The applicability of nitrite and eriochrome black as NSS-reducing agents was further demonstrated by the fact that they had no influence on the specific fluorescence intensity of salmonella bacteria. The effect of eriochrome black was also studied in clinical specimens infected with salmonella or tularemia bacteria. PMID- 52282 TI - The effect of arfonad on blood proteins and nitrogen components in experimental shock. AB - In experiments performed on anaesthetized dogs the effects of dye shock and peptone shock on changes in serum osmolality, haematocrit value, amino acid level in serum and erythrocytes, and serum total protein and protein fraction levels were determined. In further experid (0.1 mg/kg). It was found that Arfonad exerts an inhibitory effect on the shock-induced reduction in the serum osmolality, plasma volume and on the albumin level. PMID- 52283 TI - Thyroxine utilization rate in sucking pigs. AB - In 10 suckling pigs age 28--34 days, thyroxine utilization rate (TUR) was determined by means of the isotope dilution procedure. For this purpose biological half-life of T4 was estimated during 96 h of blood sampling and serum T4 concentration was measured directly by a competitive protein-binding technique. High rate of the peripheral hormonal-iodine metabolism (from 10.3 +/- 0.6 to 21.2 +/- 1.2 mug T4/kg/day) was found in the one-month old pigs. TUR value calculated for these pigs corresponds to that reported in human infants and it is much higher than in the growing ruminants. PMID- 52284 TI - In vitro and in vivo release of histamine by contrast media in the rat. AB - Some contrast media are able to release histamine from isolated mast cells of the rat and produce degranulation of these cells. Such properties are fairly correlated with the ability to increase vascular permeability in vivo and to produce a drop in blood pressure. If histamine is similarly being released in humans many untoward effects of these agents referred to clinically might be thus explained. PMID- 52285 TI - Thyroid activity coefficients in intractable angina pectoris. PMID- 52286 TI - On fibrinolysis in diabetes mellitus. AB - In diabetics, irrespective of age at onset and standing of the disease, the fibrinolytic activity in the blood is decreased, most markedly in obese patients and in those with angiopathy. In this investigation we found--significantly more often than in controls--a low release of the plasminogen activator to the blood from the endothelial cells, and also in one fourth of the diabetics an abnormally low activator activity of the vessel walls. These changes, as well as the significantly elevated levels of inhibitors of the fibrinolytic activity, will impair removal of fibrin deposits and possibly contribute to the development of vascular lesions. PMID- 52287 TI - Treatment of Whipple's disease with sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim. AB - A patient with Whipple's disease responding rapidly to sulphamethoxazole trimethoprim is described. In spite of initial folate deficiency, the drug was well tolerated for one year. It is proposed that a sulphonamide combined with trimethoprim should be the drug of first choice in the treatment of Whipple's disease. Repeated jejunal biopsy is suggested as the best way to record the effectiveness of treatment. PMID- 52288 TI - The Di Guglielmo syndrome: a study of 17 cases. II. Periodic-acid schiff staining of the erythroblasts. AB - In 17 patients with Di Guglielmo's syndrome the PAS-stained erythroblasts in bone marrow smears have been assessed by a scoring system. Most of the PAS scores were either moderately high or very high--much higher than those normally seen in disorders with benign erythropoietic hyperplasia. On the other hand, very low scores were obtained in a few cases. Whereas a high PAS score always lends strong support to a diagnosis of Di Guglielmo's syndrome, a low score, or even a negative reaction, does not exclude this diagnosis. The highest scores were obtained in cases with many pathological erythroblasts. Staining after diastase digestion confirmed that the positive PAS reaction is due to glycogen. In this test, experience showed that a period of at least 2 hours is required for complete digestion of the glycogen. PMID- 52289 TI - The mast cells of the newborn rat diaphragm and their response to histamine liberators. AB - The mast cell population of rat diaphragm was estimated between birth and adulthood and found to rise with an increase in the age of rat studied. Degranulation of these cells was observed in rats from all age groups, following treatment with compound 48/80 and dextran. The association of mast cells with the blood vessel wall in adult rat diaphragm was not observed in the comparable tissues of newborn rats. These findings are discussed in relationship to the poor vascular permeability reactions exhibited by newborn and young rats. PMID- 52291 TI - Serum proteins in mink with endotoxin-induced amyloidosis and infectious plasmacytosis. PMID- 52290 TI - The effect of Trimepranol on thrombocyte function and histamin release in the rat. AB - Trimepranol a beta adrenergic blocking drug released serotonin from rat isolated and plasma-rich thrombocytes in vitro. The release was time- and dose-dependent. With the same concentrations this drug inhibited the histamine release from isolated rat mast cells. Aggregation of isolated or plasma-rich thrombocytes induced by ADP was inhibited by Trimepranol. The inhibition was dose, time dependent and reversed by calcium ions. PMID- 52292 TI - Electrophoretic patterns of serum proteins in blue foxes with special reference to changes associated with nosematosis. PMID- 52293 TI - Testing and management of a specific pathogen free chicken flock with special reference to avian leukosis virus infections. PMID- 52294 TI - Immunological activity against tick-borne encephalitis virus in fractions of sera from goats of different ages. AB - A comparative analysis of the antihaemagglutinating, virus-neutralizing and complement-fixing activities of 19 S, 7 S, 4S and 1.5 S fractions of blood sera from goats of different ages pastured in a tick-borne encephalitis focus was carried out. Changes in the immunological activity of different fractions in relation to the age of the animals are discussed. PMID- 52295 TI - Detection of West Nile complement-fixing antigen in Aedes albopictus cell cultures. PMID- 52296 TI - Tricuspid atresia: clinical course in 101 patients. AB - The clinical profile and course of 101 patients with tricuspid atresia seen at the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, were reviewed; the electrocardiograms, hemodynamic data, associated anomalies, complications of the malformation and surgical results were outlined and a definition of anatomic types and radiologic groups formed in order to facilitate therapeutic decisions. Overall survival to 15 years of age was approximately 50 percent. Tricuspid atresia type 1 (normally related great arteries), group A (decreased pulmonary vascularity) was the most frequent category (54 percent); without surgery, these patients had only a 10 percent chance of survival beyond the 1st year of life. Surgical intervention improved chance of survival to 15 years of age to 50 percent. Overall surgical mortality was 23 percent. The Waterston shunt is the procedure of choice in symptomatic small infants with diminished pulmonary flow (group A). Type II patients with increased pulmonary blood flow (group B) would benefit from a pulmonary arterial band. In contrast, patients with group B, type I atresia would rarely need a pulmonary arterial band. Patients with spontaneously changing hemodynamics (group C) usually require a shunt later in life than those in group A, with more favorable operative results. Our experience indicates the continued need of early surgical palliation. New surgical approaches, such as the right atrial-pulmonary arterial anastomosis, may result in a more prolonged survival. PMID- 52298 TI - A delicate balance: managing chronic airway obstruction in a neurosurgical patient. PMID- 52297 TI - Reticulum-cell sarcoma with intracardiac metastases. Case with angiocardiographic improvement after chemotherapy. PMID- 52299 TI - The development of adenocarcinoma of the endometrium in young women receiving long-term sequential oral contraception. PMID- 52300 TI - Relationship of maternal amino acids and proteins to fetal growth and mental development. AB - The relationship of maternal amino acids, proteins, and certain other factors to fetal development (weight and cranial volume at birth and mental and motor scores at 8 months of age) was investigated in 129 gravidas. Maternal prepregnancy weight was significantly related to birth weight and cranial volume in the newborn. Among amino acids, glycine, lysine, and total amino acids were positively correlated with birth weight, whereas valine and threonine showed a negative correlation. Cranial volume at birth was significantly related to the level of glycine and alpha1 globulin. Other protein and amino acids which contributed to cranial volume included threonine, histidine, glutamic acid, and beta globulin, negatively correlated, whereas glutamine was positively correlated. Alpha1 globulin (negatively) and glycine (positively) made significant contributions to motor development. For mental development, alpha 1 globulin and histidine showed a negative correlation, whereas isoleucine was positively correlated. Findings indicated that the concentrations of certain maternal amino acids and proteins in the third trimester of pregnancy correlated significantly with fetal growth and development. This study suggests: (1) specific proteins or amino acids may be responsible for different developmental measures; (2) injudicious dietary restrictions in pregnancy should be avoided; (3) the determination of alpha1 globulin and a few amino acids such as glycine, lysine, and histidine in late pregancy may be used as predictors of fetal growth and development. PMID- 52301 TI - CHRC eating aid. PMID- 52302 TI - Antinuclear antibodies in chronic psychotic patients treated with chlorpromazine. AB - The authors found a significantly higher incidence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and positive lupus erythematosus cell tests in chronic psychotic patients who received 400 mg a day or more of chlorpromazine (CPZ) for at least 7 weeks than in those who had taken 50 to 300 mg a day for varying periods or those who had received no CPZ for at least 3 months. Despite the high incidence of ANA, there was no observed development of lupuslike syndrome. The authors suggest that CPZ in high doses may induce ANA in humans. PMID- 52303 TI - A more reliable gram staining technic for diagnosis of surgical infections. AB - The purpose of this study was to identify pitfalls in the Gram staining technic that limit its diagnostic value. In our clinical experience, gram-positive organisms were often decolorized too easily. Factors have been identified that alter the susceptibility of gram-positive organisms to decolorization in the Gram staining technic. The age of the bacterial culture, the preparation of the smear, the fixation technic, and the mordant have an important influence on the ease with which gram-positive organisms are decolorized. On the basis of these studies, a more reliable and reproducible Gram staining technic has been developed for the diagnosis of surgical infections. PMID- 52304 TI - Severe histamine mediated reactions to intravenous drugs used in anaesthesia. AB - Severe histamine mediated reactions to intravenous drugs used in anaesthesia may occur as a result of anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions. The incidence is rare, but appears to be increasing. The difficulties in diagnosing such reactions and in determining the drug responsible and how these difficulties have led to confusion in the literature are discussed. Six cases of severe histamine mediated reactions are presented and detailed analyses of the drugs in these and other reported reactions is made showing varied clinical patterns with different drugs. The prevention, treatment, and follow-up of severe histamine mediated reactions are considered. PMID- 52305 TI - [The budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)--a suitable endocrinological model of the thyroid gland]. AB - The budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) was tested as an endocrinological model of the thyroid gland. For this purpose, 514 animals were applied in our investigation. Besides the elaboration of an animal-specific method for the registration of thyroid function, questions of iodine metabolism, especially the influence of several endogenous and exogenous factors, were elucidated. Taking into consideration the results received we examined the model with regard to its application in functional, morphological, pharmaceutical, and radiotherapeutical questions. The results show that, by means of the method used, the model answers the various questions unreservedly. Further advantage recommend the budgerigar as a model of the thyroid gland. PMID- 52307 TI - Letter: Acid-fast smears and tuberculosis. PMID- 52306 TI - Palliation in malignant pleural effusion. AB - Experience with thoracostomy and intrapleural chemotherapy in the management of malignant pleural effsion is presented. Of 19 patients not requiring further thoracentesis, five died within one month. The surviving 14 patients all responded, 11 completely and three partially, with good palliation, for periods of from one to 28 months. Indications for the procedure and technical problems are discussed, and the results evaluated. This would seem ot be the method of choice for recurring malignant pleural effusion. PMID- 52309 TI - Studies on antibody formation with enzyme markers. PMID- 52308 TI - Analysis of cell populations with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. PMID- 52310 TI - Recent progress in the peroxidase-labeled antibody method. PMID- 52311 TI - Substrates and their processing preparation of tissues and cells for immunohistochemical processing. PMID- 52312 TI - Some aspects of immunohistoperoxidase reactions in the agarose bead model system. AB - Agarose beads that serve as matrices for antigens can be useful tools, not only for studying the quantitative aspects of immunohistoenzyme reactions but also for detecting antibodies. The present study focuses on localization of the ultimate reaction product within the beads; this factor is important when quantitative aspects of immunohistoenzyme reactions are under investigation. Localization varies with respect to the concentration of CNBr used to activate the beads. In addition, a method is described that facilitates the use of indirect immunohistochemical bead procedures and reduces the amount of antigen (-coupled beads) needed. These advantages may be particularly helpful when these methods are used for serologic detection of specific antibodies on a large scale. PMID- 52313 TI - Immunofluorescent staining of human lymphocytes for the detection of surface immunoglobulins. PMID- 52314 TI - Detection by immunofluorescence of antibodies to parasitic agents. Use of class specific conjugates. PMID- 52315 TI - Diagnosis of Neisseria infections by defined immunofluorescence. Methodologic aspects and applications. AB - Defined IF techniques have been used in our laboratories for the past 15 years for diagnosing meningococcal and gonococcal infections. Conjugates against these bacteria give desired specific staining (DSS) but also undersired specific staining (USS) due to cross-reacting antigens. USS is controlled by absorption. Nonspecific staining (NSS) of protein A-containing S. aureus caused by the reaction with the Fc part of the IgG molecule is blocked by adding RB 200-labeled antiS. aureus globulins to diluted FITC conjugates against gonococci or menigococci. Nss is also avoided by using FITC-labeled F(ab')2 fragments of IgG. By optimal labeling and separation of unlabeled FITC and heavily labeled molecules on Sephadex G-25 at low ionic strength and low pH, nonspecific reactions with tissues are reduced to a minimum. Defined IF can be utilized for diagnosing pathogenic Neisseria by examination of smears prepared from clinical specimens, as confirmative tests of oxidase-positive colonies, and for demonstrating these bacteria in tissue efflorescences and tissue biopsies. It is stressed that this technique should always be used in conjunction with conventional methods. PMID- 52316 TI - Rhodamine conjugates:specific and nonspecific binding properties in immunohistochemistry. AB - Anionic-exchange fractions of IgG labeled with FITC, MRITC, RB200SC, or RBITC were tested on different substrates, and the resultant fluorescence was evaluated with the Ploem optical system. Conjugations with MRITC or RB200SC were found to afford the following advantages over FITC: immunofluorescence sensitivity was elevated six to seven times on a molar basis; high sensitivity could be combined with a wide specificity interval; there was negligible fading of emitted light; there was negligible tissue autofluorescence at the excitation wavelength (546 nm); because of the two latter points, repeated observations could be made on tissue sections stored for several years; and eosinophilic leukocytes that are prone to yield nonspecific staining could easily by identified by switching to ultraviolet-blue light excitation. PMID- 52317 TI - Fifth international conference on immunofluorescence and related staining techniques. General introduction. PMID- 52318 TI - Light and electron microscopic studies on immunocytochemical localization of gonadotropic hormones in the rat pituitary gland with antisera against ovine FSH, LH, LHalpha, and LHbeta. PMID- 52319 TI - Cell surface IgE on human basophil granulocytes. PMID- 52320 TI - The sites of production and localization of IgE in canine tissues. PMID- 52322 TI - Immunofluorescence in cancer investigation and research. PMID- 52321 TI - Immunology of DNA. III. Crithidia luciliae, a simple substrate for the determination of anti-dsDNA with the immunofluorescence technique. AB - C. luciliae are hemoflagellates nonpathogenic for man and easy to culture. They have a giant mitochondrion, in which the mitochondrial DNA is concentrated in a single large network, the kinetoplast. When used as a substrate for the indirect immunofluorescence technique, studying sera from patients with SLE, we could demonstrate a very good correlation between this test and the Farr assay for the demonstration of antibodies to double-stranded DNA. Although the sensitivity of both techniques is on the same order of magnitude, the IF technique has the following advantages over the Farr assay. It is easy to perform in laboratories equipped for autoimmune serology. It possesses an intrinsic check on the immunoglobulin character of the DNA-binding activity. It allows one to determine the Ig classes and subclasses of antibodies to DNA. It permits study of complement fixation to antibodies without interference of Clq fixation to DNA or anticomplementarity of the serum. There is an absence of interference with antibodies to single-stranded DNA. PMID- 52323 TI - Immunofluorescence staining of DNA tumor virus-induced antigens. PMID- 52324 TI - An approach to quantitation in rhodamine isothiocyanate labeling. AB - A survey of commercially available TMRI and RBI products revealed that many are of unsatisfactory quality. Optimum dye/IgG ratios were obtained in conjugates with TMRI of about 65% purity by labeling them with reaction mixture ratios of 10 and 20 mug dye/mg IgG. Optimum labeling with RBI of comparable purity required reaction mixture ratios of at least 20 mug dye/mg IgG. Although specific storage stability studies of TMRI or RBI products were not performed, one TMRI product underwent appreciable degradation during a 2-year period of storage in a desiccator over Drierite. The importance of evaluating the protein labeling capacity of TMRI or RBI products before making immune conjugate preparations is evident. PMID- 52325 TI - Studies on defined immunofluorescence in clinical immunopathology. II. Relationship of F/P ratios pf conjugates and staining properties in indirect immunofluorescence. AB - The effect of conjugate F/P ratios on titers of patient antibodies was evaluated with two model systems in IIF chessboard titrations, notably, antinuclear antibodies and the intercellular antibodies of pemphigus. The plateau titers of both antibodies and F/P conjugate ratios were analyzed and proved to have a high degree of linear relationship statistically. Single titrations of other tissue antibodies, including skin basement membrane antibodies of bullous pemphigoid, MTA, GPA, SMA, and ThA with the same group of conjugates yielded similar information. A quantitative relationship between the two parameters was established. PMID- 52326 TI - Experience with a new fluorochrome. PMID- 52327 TI - The raison d'etre of standards in indirect immunofluorescence. PMID- 52328 TI - Microfluorometric evaluation of conjugate-specificity with the defined antigen substrate spheres (DASS) system. AB - Six fluorescent antihuman Ig preparations were tested for their Ig class specificity by reacting them with highly purified IgG, IgM, IgA, and OVA coupled covalently to Sepharose beads. OVA was used as a measure for nonimmunologic binding. Bead fluorescence was determined by microfluorometry. The amounts of USS and NSS were expressed quantitatively. These data were compared with the performance of these particular conjugates in a biologic system, namely, monoclonal bone marrow cells. Five of the six conjugates satisfied the requirement of monospecific activity; one did not. At a dilution of 1 : 8, the five monospecific conjugates reacted between five and 50 times stronger with their appropriate antigens than with OVA-coupled beads. Cross reactivity with other Ig classes, after correction for OVA staining was maximally 6%. The conjugate that was nonspecific in the bone marrow system gave very high cross reactivity with the Ig-coupled beads. A good correlation was found between OVA bead staining and nonimmunologic binding of conjugates in bone marrow slides. In this respect, conjugates prepared from antibody preparations isolated by solid immunoadsorbents proved to be superior to globulin or whole IgG fractions. Ig coupled to Sepharose beads seems to represent a very promising substrate for conjugate specificity testing. PMID- 52329 TI - [Cytochemical studies of menocytes]. PMID- 52330 TI - Developments in laboratory diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities. AB - The development of chromosome banding techniques has made possible the detailed analysis of human chromosomes. A vast body of knowledge has accumulated during the last few years as a result of their application in biology and medicine. PMID- 52331 TI - Studies of the linkage relationship of beta-2-microglobulin in man-mouse somatic cell hybrids. AB - Beta-2-microglobulin (beta2mu) production has been studied in 33 primary man mouse hybrid clones and in 26 secondary man-mouse hybrid clones. These clones have also been examined for the presence of 15 human enzyme phenotypes. Karyotypic analyses have been carried out on clones. From these studies the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) Gene(s) determining human beta2mu production in humans are apparently syntenic with the MPI gene on chromosome 15. (2) Long-term fibroblast lines may be of limited use in mapping studies as chromosomal rearrangements frequently occur in these lines. (3) The gene(s) determining beta2mu production in humans segregate independently of chromosome 6. If the assignment of the genes determining HL-A alloantigens to chromosome 6 is correct, our results imply that beta2mu and HL-A alloantigens are determined by genes carried on different chromosomes, despite the fact that beta2mu forms an integral part of the HL-A molecule. PMID- 52332 TI - Properties of bispecific rosette-forming cells. I.--Presence of T-lymphocyte markers. AB - Three T-cell markers have been used to determine the origin of bispecific rosette forming cells (RFC) observed after stimulation by two species of heterologous red cells. The inhibition by anti-theta serum (AOS), azathioprine (AZ) and anti lymphocyte serum (ALS) of the majority of bispecific RFC indicates their T-cell origin. The study of their sensitivity to these inhibitors suggested that about half of the bispecific RFC belong to immature T1 cell subset and the other half to more mature T2 cells. Conversely, monospecific RFC include both B-celle RFC have characteristics different from monospecific RFC argues against the reaction of double RFC against a common antigenic determinant of the two erythrocyte types. PMID- 52333 TI - Properties of bispecific rosette-forming cells. II. --Rosette formation by "educated" T-lymphocytes. AB - Normal thymus cells transferred into thymectomized and lethally irradiated syngeneic mice responded to stimulation with sheep erythrocytes by rosette formation with these erythrocytes. This response reached a peak on the 7th day and was not associated with any production of circulating antibodies. Rosettes produced by "educated" T-cells were inhibited by anti-theta serum as well as by anti-mouse Fab serum. Simultaneous stimulation of transferred thymocytes with sheep and pigeon erythrocytes provoked the appearance of a minority of cells simultaneously binding both types of erythrocytes. Depletion of B cells contaminating normal thymocyte populatins after passage through anti-mouse Ig coated columns before their transfer in thymectomized and irradiated recipients did not prevent the appearance of simple and double RFC. Moreover, when normal thymocytes or T-cells "educated" by allogeneic stimulation were incubated at 4 degrees C with anti-SRBC and anti-PRBC mouse sera a subsequent incubation at 37 degress of resulted in the dissociation of most passive rosettes formed at 4 degrees. Conversely similar incubation at 37 degrees of rosettes formed by actively immunized cells resulted in capping of about 50% simple and double rosettes. This redistribution of membrane receptors is proposed as a routine test for distinguishing active from passive rosettes. PMID- 52334 TI - Two IgG1 (IgF) subclasses in mice: presence in normal serum and representation within lymphocyte and plasma cell populations. AB - Monospecific anti-gamma1 sera were prepared in rabbits against each of two IgG1 mouse myeloma globulins isolated from myeloma A2 and MOPC21. Both these sera react with IgG1 of normal mouse serum by immunoelectrophoresis and cannot be distinguished any further. The antibodies contained in the sera were cross isolated on immunoadsorbents containing either the A2 or MOPC21 antigenic material and tested by immunoelectrophoresis against normal mouse serum. An interesting spur was formed between these two antibodies. The two isotypes thus revealed in normal serum are tentatively designated IgG1a (globulin A2) and Ig G1b (globulin MOPC21). With live peripheral lymph node cells almost all lymphocytes which stain with antikappa antibodies (B lymphocytes) also stain with the specific anti-gamma1a antibodies, but only 5-10% stain with the specific anti gamma1b antibodies. On fixed spleen cells (C57B16 mice) the anti-gamma1a antibodies stain almost identical percentages of plasma cells as anti-kappa antibodies: 1.8% are gamma1 and 2.2% are kappa. Anti-gamma1b antibodies stain only 5% of kappa-positive plasma cells. The % values estimated on both the normal lymphocyte and plasma cell populations were not significantly affected by inhibtion experiments of the specific anti-gamma1 antibodies performed with isolated myeloma globulins representative of several Ig classes. PMID- 52335 TI - [Proceedings: Experimental trichinosis: a model of delayed hypersensitivity induced by oral route]. PMID- 52336 TI - [Proceedings: Double rosette-forming cells]. PMID- 52337 TI - [Proceedings: Private and public specificities of the H-2 system in the lymphocyte membrane]. PMID- 52338 TI - [Proceedings: Human lymphocytes primed and stimulated in vitro: immunogenetics of the secondary proliferative and secondary cytotoxic response]. PMID- 52339 TI - [Proceedings: Antigenic determinants of subgroups VH of human immunoglobulins]. PMID- 52340 TI - [Proceedings: Cross reactivity of allotypic specificities al, a3 and A100 of rabbit immunoglobulins, using anti-A3 sera]. PMID- 52341 TI - Some personal memories of research. PMID- 52342 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the localization of penicillin acylase in E. coli cells]. AB - The paper describes the studies on definition of penicillinacylase localizations in the cells of E. coli with the help of ferritin labeled immune sera and electron microscopy. Both the intact cells and the cells treated with the substances affecting the cell wall intactness were used. The study showed relation between penicillinacylase and the surface structures of the cell, i.e. the cell wall and the periplasmic areas. It was found that penicillinacylase got into the environmental medium with the splitted cell fragments which corresponded to the general mechanism of excretion of large high molecular compounds by gramnegative organisms. PMID- 52343 TI - Concentration of Rous sarcoma virus from tissue culture fluids with polyethylene glycol. AB - Concentration of Rous sarcoma virus from tissue culture fluids with polyethylene glycol, with and without NaCl or dextran sulfate, resulted in significant and highly variable losses caused by entrapment of virus particles in proteinaceous debris. Treatment of concentrated preparations with Pronase greatly enhanced the recovery of virions. Maximum recovery of virus particles was obtained by the addition of 8% polyethylene glycol and 0.4 M NaCl to tissue culture fluids, followed by Pronase treatment of the concentrated virus preparations. PMID- 52344 TI - Automated single-slide staining device. AB - An automated single-slide staining device is described. Smears gram stained by the automatic device were equal in quality to the manual method. PMID- 52346 TI - The Blalock-Hanlon procedure. A new look at an old operation. AB - The Blalock-Hanlon procedure has been carried out in 48 neonates with 10 early deaths (21%). This compares favorably with the reported early mortality for balloon atrial septostomy. Most striking have been the length of palliation, freedom from complications, and low incidence of late death among these patients. In contrast, reported series of balloon septostomies have shown a high incidence of strokes, repeat hospitalization, inadequate palliation, and late deaths. Since palliation is reliable following a Blalock-Hanlon procedure, we do not favor early correction with hypothermic arrest but recommend it at 12 to 18 months of age, when conventional perfusion can be easily utilized. PMID- 52345 TI - Studies on the reaction mechanism of DT diaphorase. Action of dead-end inhibitors and effects of phospholipids. PMID- 52347 TI - [Total transposition of the great vessels: Surgical treatment]. AB - One hundred nine cases of complete transposition of great vessels alone or associated to other abnormalities are presented. In 91 cases a palliative treatment is given and in 18 cases there is a total correction done, depending upon the technique. Surgical indication and the technique used in every case is commented, making special reference to transpositions with ductus arteriosus or associated to coarctation of the aorta. In the 18 cases where we have done a total correction, we comment the surgical procedure of one of them who had a subpulmonary stenosis of the fibromuscular type, which we resolved through left ventriculotomy done on the apex of the ventricle and resecting the stenosis with an electroscalpel, which is a technique we have devised. PMID- 52349 TI - [Quantitative fluorometric determination of gamma globulin and fibrin in the aortic wall of rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis]. AB - By means of the fluometric method in 76 rabbits at definite stages of the development of experimental atherosclerosis in the aorta an increased amount of gamma-globulin and fibrin was established. An increase in the level of gamma globulin was accompanied by fixation of beta1C-fraction of complement, which is characteristic of deposit of an immune complex. The most pronounced concentration of gamma-globulin was noted in areas of lysis and fragmentation of elastic fibres. PMID- 52350 TI - [Ventricular extrasystoles presenting a pattern of left bundle branch block. Vectorcardiographic analysis of the initial phase of ventricular depolarization]. PMID- 52348 TI - The influence of non-cytotoxic concentrations of the herbicide 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the DNA synthesis in cultured vertebrate cells. AB - The influence of the herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the growth of cultured chicken muscle cells was studied by observing morphological changes and by cytophotometric measurement of the DNA content of individual cells. DNA synthesis curves were derived from the distribution of DNA values. No marked effects were observed at a concentration of 60 mug per liter. In contrast, doses of 600 mug per liter caused a loss in cell differentiation consisting of a partial lack of polar orientation, diminished formation of fibers, and an increase of the N/C ratio. The nuclear matrix of desoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) changed to a more heteropycnotic structure. Isolated cell necroses were found after 44 hrs of exposure. When compared to the controls, the relative DNA synthesis time was found to be prolonged 1.5-fold. The number of cells in the G2 phase decreased during 44 hrs of exposure. It is concluded from these results that the dosedependent growth inhibition of 2,4-D on vertebrate cells in culture takes effect during DNA synthesis. The morphological changes of the nuclear structure suggests that 2,4-D directly affects the template activity of the DNP matrix. PMID- 52351 TI - Vascular changes in the surrounding of osteoid osteomas. AB - Authors observed in 11 instances of osteoid osteoma out of 20 revised cases the characteristic features of arteriolosclerosis in the small arteries supplying the nidus. With these, earlier hypothesis of Jaffe about an increased intravascular pressure in the nidus and supplying vessels in supported. PMID- 52352 TI - Studies on the role of the areA gene in the regulation of nitrogen catabolism in Aspergillus nidulans. AB - Mutants of Apergillus nidulans with lesions in a gene, areA (formerly called amdT), have been isolated by a variety of different selection methods. The areA mutants show a range of pleiotropic growth responses to a number of compounds as sole nitrogen sources, but are normal in utilization of carbon sources. The levels of two amidase enzymes as well as urease have been investigated in the mutants and have been shown to be affected by this gene. Most of the areA mutants have much lower amidase-specific activities when grown in ammonium-containing medium, compared with mycelium incubated in medium lacking a nitrogen source. Some of the areA mutants do not show derepression of urease upon relief of ammonium repression. The dominance relationships of areA alleles have been investigated in heterozygous diploids, and these studies lend support to the proposal that areA codes for a positively acting regulatory product. One of the new areA alleles is partially dominant to areA+ and areA102. This may be a result of negative complementation or indicate that areA has an additional negative regulatory function. Investigation of various amdR; areA double mutants has led to the conclusion that amdR and areA participate in independent regulatory circuits in the control of acetamide utilization. Studies on an amdRc; areA double mutant indicate that areA is involved in derepression of acetamidase upon relief of ammonium repression. PMID- 52353 TI - The effects of allopurinol and clofibrate on the elimination of coumarin anticoagulants in man. AB - The effects of chronic treatment with allopurinol and clofibrate on the elimination from plasma of warfarin and dicoumarol were examined in man. In addition, the binding of warfarin to human serum proteins was measured with and without clofibrate and its metabolite chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (CPIB), both present in therapeutic concentrations. Treatment with allopurinol and clofibrate did not alter the rate of elimination of warfarin from plasma. In addition, clofibrate and CPIB caused no significant displacement of warfarin from serum proteins. This evidence supports the conclusion that the clinically significant potentiation of warfarin activity by clofibrate in man is due to an interaction at the receptor site. In contrast, treatment with allopurinol resulted in significant prolongation of the plasma half-life of dicoumarol in one of three subjects. These data are consistent with inhibition of the metabolism of dicoumarol by allopurinol in some individuals. PMID- 52354 TI - Comparative ability of hybrid and homozygous resistant larvae of Lucilia cuprina to cause strikes under experimental conditions. AB - The intervals between the jetting of sheep with dieldrin or BHC, and the inducement of flystrike by implants of hybrid and homozygous BHC/dieldrin resistant larvae of Lucilia cuprina, were compared. Flystrikes soon established with homozygous resistant larvae, but considerable protection was afforded against hybrid larvae, the interval being longer with BHC than with dieldrin. Dieldrin was shown to have a residual effect on rr larvae in a mixed population 9 weeks after jetting. It is suggested that wide adoption of mulesing and mid season's crutching would favour reversion to susceptibility in the blowfly and thus extend the field life of insecticides to which resistance has emerged. PMID- 52355 TI - Some staining characteristics of Mott's or morular cells of nagana. AB - The spherules of morular (Mott's) cells are not metachromatic with toluidin blue at pH 8 and the majority are stained yellow with PTAH. This distinguishes them from globule leucocytes. They differ from Russell bodies of plasma cells which are Gram-positive. PMID- 52356 TI - Use of phast contrast microscopy of semithin epoxy sections in histochemistry. AB - A number of histochemical staining methods can be applied to semithin (1-2 mum) Epon sections either unmodified or after slight modification of the original method. While only the histochemically stained specific component is visible in bright field illumination, phase contrast microscopical study of the same field of view shows also the histological and cytological details of the specimen and thus allows exact localization of the specific component in the tissue. Applications will be found in several areas in histochemistry. Practical examples are given for demonstration of periodic acid-SCHIFF-reactive mucosubstances, exogenous perioxidase, and acid phosphatase activity. PMID- 52357 TI - Acute preoperative hemodilution patients. PMID- 52358 TI - Further studies on the specificity of the N- and C-terminal antigenic determinant of hen egg-white lysozyme. AB - The specificity of the N- and C-terminal antigenic determinant (P17: sequence Lys1-Cys6-Asn27, Trp123-Cys127-Leu129) of hen egg-white lysozyme (HL) was studied in more detail. In a Scatchard plot of the binding of 14C-acetyl HL with guinea pig purified anti-P17 antibody experimental values bent sharply near r=1. This suggests the presence of two antibody populations with different affinities for HL or possible steric hindrance in the binding of a second HL molecule to the second binding site of the antibody molecule. The antigenic activities of various peptides were tested by measuring their inhibition of the binding of 14C-acetyl P17 with the anti-P17 antibody. Only P17 and P17t (sequence Lys1-Cys6-Homoser12, Trp123-Cys127-Leu129) were inhibitory, with KI values of 2.0 times 10(4) and 8.1 times 10(3), respectively. These results indicate that the direct binding site of P17 to anti-P17 antibody may be located in the terminal portion of P17 (sequence Lys1-Cys6-Homoser12, Trp123-Cys127-Leu129) while the rest of P17 may be important in maintaining the conformation of this determinant. The single disulphide blood involved in this determinant is essential for manifestation of immunological activity. PMID- 52359 TI - Comparative studies on antibody formation against hen egg white lysozyme and its split fragment. AB - A peptide fragment Fr. 17 (Lys1-Cys-Asn27 Leu129-Cys-Ala122) of hen egg white lysozyme (HL) was previously found to retain at least one antigenic determinant region of the native protein. In this work a highly purified preparation of Fr. 17, contaminated with less than 0.01% HL and less than 1% of other fragments was found to be strongly immunogenic to rabbits. The kinetic patterns of antibody formation against Fr.17, assayed by passive hemagglutination (PHA), were quite different from those of antibody formation against HL. The specificity of the antibody elicited to Fr. 17 was mainly directed to the Fr. 9-10-a region (Ala11 Asn27) while that of the antibody elicited to the Fr. 17 region in native HL was directed to the Fr. 15-b region (Lys1-Cys-Ala10 Leu129-Cys-Trp123). It is concluded that in the process of antibody formation, the recognition of the Fr. 17 region in native HL is different from that of fragment Fr. 17. PMID- 52361 TI - Essential arginyl residues in reverse transcriptase. PMID- 52360 TI - Discrimination of antigenic site and thiol-inhibitor-sensitive site of hexokinase isoenzymes. AB - Rabbit antiserum was prepared against hexokinase isoenzyme type I which was purified from rat brain mitochondria. The antiserum inhibited the activity of the mitochondrial hexokinase type I as well as that of the cytosolic type I enzyme prepared from rat brain, kidney and spleen. It did not, however, inhibit the activity of type II hexokinase from muscle and spleen or that of the type III enzyme from spleen. The results suggest that all hexokinase type I isoenzymes may have a common antigenic site irrespective of their sources, though their responses to a thiol inhibitor are different. PMID- 52362 TI - In-vitro inhibition of RNA-instructed DNA polymerase. AB - Rifamycins and distamycins were assayed in vitro for their effects on the activity of a reverse transcriptase derived from the plasma of a patient with breast cancer. The inhibitory effect observed was compared with that of a human placental substance with a molecular weight of approximately 10 000. The latter substance is apparently also capable of affecting reverse transcriptase activity in vitro. PMID- 52363 TI - The effect of specific brain phospholipid on the rat's allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - A new preparation which contains specific brain phospholipids (Gricertine) acts as a histamine liberator in CNS and protects rats from allergic encephalomyelitis. It is supposed that the protective effect of Gricertine on the allergic encephalomyelitis is based on its histamine-liberator properties which can occur during the first days of therapy: this would explain the large decrease of the brain histamine after 3 weeks of treatment. Gricertine is also able to remove clinical symptoms of allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. It is presumed that Gricertine may also be acting independently of that mechanism, in the way that it replaces phospholipids that disappeared in the cases where demyelinisation had taken place. PMID- 52364 TI - [Sensitivity tests of malignant tumours against cytostatic agents in vitro and in vivo/studies on the mouse sarcoma 180 (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of ten different substances on the mouse sarcoma 180 have been compared using in vivo and in vitro test systems. The size of the tumours was taken as a measure of the success of the therapy in animal experiments. The in vitro effects were estimated by measuring the incorporation of radioactively labelled uridine in tumour cell suspensions from solid tumours, in ascites tumours and in tissue culture. Similar results were obtained using all three in vitro test systems. Four substances (daunomycin, fluoruracil, actinomycin D, adriamycin) exhibited activity both in vivo and in vitro, whereas five substances (cytosinarabinoside, methotrexate, ibenzmethyzin, triaziquone, bleomycin) showed no activity in any of the test systems used. With podophyllic acid ethyl hydrazide, however, no correlation between in vivo and in vitro effects was observed. Studies on the influence of the cytostatic agents on the rate of transport of uridine into the cells showed that podophyllic acid ethyl hydrazide strongly reduced the permeability of the cells to radioactive uridine. PMID- 52365 TI - Metabolism of a prednisolone compound in human under normal and pathological conditions. AB - A method has been presented for the quantitative determination of 21-deoxy-N-(N' methyl-piperazinyl)-prednisolone (Depersolone), a water soluble corticosteroid, and one of its metabolites, prednisolone, in human urine. Following administration of 30 or 90 mg Depersolone i.v., the dynamic appearance of this hormone and the prednisolone metabolite, their biological half-lives and the effect of the synthetic corticosteroid on the excretion of grouped and individual 17-ketosteroids were determined. Results of experiments revealed a dose dependent excretion of the unchanged hormone and a biological half-life 12 to 23 h in control subjects. Prednisolone as a metabolite seems to play a minor role in Depersolone action. The excretion rate of Depersolone was greater and its half life less than normal in hepatopathies. The dynamic appearance of the hormone was found slow in the urine of patients with prolonged corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 52366 TI - Cytological and functional criteria for the classification of malignant lymphomata. AB - The subtle morphology and functional properties of cells are the best parameters to use for their definition. This is also true for the corresponding tumours, especially malignant lymphomata. In studies of 106 cases of malignant lymphoma we therefore applied as morphological methods haematological staining (Giemsa in sections and imprints) and electron microscopic analysis. As functional criteria we used the nonspecific esterase reaction to define tumours of histiocytes and an estimation of the immunoglobulin content of tissue extracts and single cells to define tumours of B lymphocytes and their derivatives. By combining all of these methods it was possible to propose a new classification. Whereas not one histiocytic malignant lymphoma ("reticulosarcoma") was found in the series, at least most of the malignant lymphomata investigated seemed to be derived from the B lymphocyte system. The following types are distinguished: (1) Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia; (2) diffuse germinocytoma (malignant lymphoma, lymphocytic, intermediate); (3) germinoblastoma (follicular, follicular and diffuse, diffuse; sclerotic, nonsclerotic) which can show a transition into germinoblastic sarcoma; (4) immunoblastic sarcoma of the B cell type (previously called reticulo-sarcoma); (5) lymphoplasmocytoid immunocytoma, which may be associated with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia and can show a mixed cellularity; (6) lymphoblastic (paraleukoblastic) sarcoma and leukaemia, which are, at least in most cases, probably neoplasias of germinoblasts. All of these lymphomata can produce immunoglobulins. Sixty-seven cases showed an Ig increase in the tumour. This was mostly IgM, but sometimes IgG, IgA, IgD and/or IgE. A morphological equivalent of even abnormal Ig secretion is the globular positive (diastase resistant) PAS reaction in lymphoid cells (not in the histiocytes) in paraffin sections, which we found in 43 cases. Only 19 of the 63 cases with an IgM increase in the tumour showed an increase of IgM in the serum. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia is a facultative symptom of morphologically different malignant lymphomata and should therefore be considered only as a clinical syndrome and not as a nosological entity. PMID- 52367 TI - Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphomata. AB - The results obtained with intensive chemotherapy and intensive chemotherapy plus radiotherapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphomata are reported. A quintuple drug regimen (mechloretamine, adriamycin, bleomycin, vincristine and prednisone) in histiocytic lymphomata (Stage III and IV) yielded complete remissions in 53% and complete plus partial remissions in 77%. These figures were 44% and 64% respectively in lymphocytic lymphoma. In Stage III complete responders after combination chemotherapy were subsequently irradiated (involved field irradiation). The median duration of complete remission after completion of radiotherapy was 9-5 months in histiocytic and 12-0 months in lymphocytic lymphomata. At 2 years actuarial survival in Stage III and IV was better in patients with the lymphocytic type and with nodular pattern than with histiocytic and diffuse patterns. A more recent trial compares, in Stage IV patients, cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisone (CVP) versus adriamycin, bleomycin and prednisone (ABP). Although the number of evaluable patients is still limited, there appears to be no difference in the response rate between CVP and ABP. In Stages I and II, 6 cycles of CVP were given as adjuvant treatment after radiotherapy. At the present moment, there is no statistical difference in the relapse rate between the group of patients treated with radiotherapy alone and that with radiotherapy plus CVP. PMID- 52368 TI - New agents and combination chemotherapy of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 52370 TI - Light and electron microscopic differentiation of amyloid and colloid or hyaline bodies. AB - Hyaline or colloid bodies (Civatte bodies) and amyloid are sometimes confused because of their similar appearance under the light microscope. A differentiation can be made by histochemical means (DMAB-Nitrite method) and by fluorescence or polarization microscopy. At the ultrastructural level hyaline or colloid bodies as well as amyloid exhibit a fibrillar structure, but can be differentiated by the diameter and arrangement of fibrils and the localization of the aggregations. A clearcut differentiation between hyaline or colloid bodies and amyloid seems of great importance in any dicussion of the epidermal origin of amyloid and the classification of fibrillar aggregations associated with skin tumours. PMID- 52369 TI - Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomata in adults: chemo-radiotherapy in stages III and IV. AB - Patients presenting with Stage III or IV non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma were given chemotherapy; about 20% complete remission was obtained for both stages. The addition of radiotherapy increased the incidence to 70% in Stage III patients. The duration of first complete remission was longer for Stage III (25% of the patients are still in first remission at 7 years) than for Stage IV (0%). The survival was longer for nodular lymphosarcoma patients (25% are alive at 7 years for Stages III and IV) than for diffuse lymphosarcomata and reticulosarcomata (10%). Among the new drugs, VM 26 is able to produce a good frequency of remission in patients in relapse. PMID- 52371 TI - Maternal plasma alphafetoprotein levels in the second half of normal pregnancy: relationship to fetal weight, and maternal age and parity. AB - A semi-automated radioimmunoassay for plasma alphafetoprotein has been developed, suitable for routine clinical use. Several hundred samples can be assayed in a working week, with results available within 24 hours. The use of extensive quality controls ensures that good precision is maintained both within and between assays. The range of plasma concentrations of alphafetoprotein in the second half of pregnancy has been established in 100 normal subjects. The levels rise progressively to reach a peak at 32 weeks, and thereafter fall until term. No relationship between circulating alphafetoprotein levels and birth weight was observed. PMID- 52372 TI - A semi-automated serum alphafetoprotein radioimmunoassay for prenatal spina bifida screening. AB - A simple, reliable, semi-automated and inexpensive radioimmunoassay for serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) is described which fulfils the requirements for a screening test for open neural tube defects. The normal range for serum AFP throughout pregnancy has been determined in 1534 samples. In a retrospective study of 15 samples of maternal serum taken from nine pregnant women carrying a fetus affected with a neural tube defect, the serum AFP level was found to be above the 95th centile in four of the five cases of open defect sampled between 15 and 20 weeeks gestation. Preliminary results of a prospective study are reported in which two cases of nencephaly were detected among 671 unselected pregnancies sampled between 15 and 20 weeks gestation. PMID- 52373 TI - Detection of structural differences between nuclear and mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenases by the use of immunoadsorbents. AB - Structural differences between crystalline mitochondrial and nuclear glutamate dehydrogenases from ox liver have been detected by immunological techniques. Antisera prepared against each enzyme precipitate both glutamate dehydrogenases; upon immunodiffusion, the antiserum against the nuclear enzyme gives a line of incomplete identity with the two antigens, whereas the antiserum against the mitochondrial enzyme gives a line of complete identity. Fractionation of the antibodies contained in each antiserum by means of an immunoadsorbent, to which the nuclear or the mitochondrial enzyme has been covalently linked, shows that nuclear glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) contains specific antigenic determinants as well as determinants common to the mitochondrial enzyme, whereas the latter appears to have no antigenic portions which are not present in the nuclear antigen, in accord with the results of immunodiffusion. The antibodies against determinants common to both enzymes precipitate and inhibit them, whereas the specific anti-nuclear GDH antibodies precipitate but do not inhibit the nuclear antigen. PMID- 52374 TI - Effects of proteins on thermotropic phase transitions of phospholipid membranes. AB - A variety of proteins have been studied for their ability to interact and alter the thermotropic properties of phospholipid bilayer membranes as detected by differential scanning calorimeter. The proteins studied included: basic myelin protein (A1 protein), cytochrome c, major apoprotein of myelin proteolipid (N-2 apoprotein), gramicidin A, polylysine, ribonuclease and hemoglobin. The lipids used for the interactions were dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol. The interactions were grouped in three catagories each having very different effects on the phospholipid phase transition from solid to liquid crystalline. The calorimetric studies were also correlated with data from vesicle permeability and monolayer expansion. Ribonuclease and polylysine which exemplify group 1 interactions, show strong dependence on electrostatic binding. Their effects on lipid bilayers include an increase in the enthalpy of transition (deltaH) accompanied by either an increase or no change in the temperature of transition (Tc). In addition, they show minimal effects on vesicle permeability and monolayer expansion. It was concluded that these interactions represent simple surface binding of the protein on the lipid bilayer without penetration into the hydrocarbon region. Cytochrome c and A1 protein, which exemplify group 2 interactions, also show a strong dependence on the presence of net negative charges on the lipid bilayers for their binding. In contrast to the first group, however, they induce a drastic decrease in both Tc and deltaH of the lipid phase transition. Furthermore, they induce a large increase in the permeability of vesicles and a substantial expansion in area of closely packed monolayers at the air-water interface. It was concluded that group 2 interactions represent surface binding followed by partial penetration and/or deformation of the bilayer. Group 3 interactions, shown by proteolipid apoprotein and gramicidin A, were primarily non-polar in character, not requiring electrostatic charges and not inhibited by salt and pH changes. They had no appreciable effect on the Tc but did induce a linear decrease in the magnitude of the deltaH, proportional to the percentage of protein by weight. Membranes containing 50% proteolipid protein still exhibited a thermotropic transition with a deltaH one half that of the pure lipid, and only a small diminution of the size of the cooperative unit. It was concluded that in this case the protein was embedded within the bilayer, associating with a limited number of molecules via non-polar interactions, while the rest of the bilayer was largely unperturbed. PMID- 52375 TI - Quantitative immunoelectrophoresis of proteins in human erythrocyte membranes. Analysis of protein bands obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - 1. We have defined conditions that permit quantitative immunoelectrophoresis in agarose gels of dodecyl sulfate-solubilized erythrocyte membrane proteins. 2. Using human serum albumin, transferrin, MN-glycoprotein (glycophorin) and crude spectrin as test proteins, we found that accurate analyses are possible if samples and gels are 1% in non-ionic detergent (Berol EMU-043) or Triton X-100) and if no more than 100 nmol free dodecyl sulfate is applied per sample. 3. Dodecyl sulfate treated membranes analyzed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using rabbit antibodies against membrane material yielded optimal precipitation patterns in gels containing 1% of non-ionic detergent. 4. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of 1% of Berol revealed precipitates when 10 protein bands defined and isolated by preparative dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were run against anti-membrane antibodies. Seven of these bands showed more than one precipitation arc, indicating the presence of more than one antigenic component. 5. Crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis showed that dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis bands 1, 2 and 2.1 shared common antigenic components. The MN glycoprotein was present in bands 3, 4A, 4B and 5, where antigenic components of the major intrinsic erythrocyte membrane protein, band 3, were also found. 6. After absorption of the anti-membrane antibody with intact erythrocytes, immunoelectrophoresis showed the disappearance of the MN-glycoprotein precipitates. An increase in the area below the precipitate corresponding to the major intrinsic protein (band 3) was also observed, indicating exposure of some antigens of this protein on the outer surface of intact cells. 7. After absorption of the antibody preparation with washed erythrocyte membranes, immunoprecipitates were not seen in any experiments, indicating that all antigenic determinants observed are exposed at one or both surfaces of the membrane. 8. Our analyses indicate that the peptide moieties of serum lipoproteins do not constitute a significant component of erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 52376 TI - The endogenous reverse transcriptase activity of Gibbon ape lymphoma virus: characterization of the DNA product. AB - The DNA product of the endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction of Gibbon ape lymphoma virus has been analyzed and characterized. Data show that in simultaneous detection assays in which the type and/or concentration of divalent cation is varied the best yield of rapidly-sedimenting DNA was obtained from reactions containing 1.5 mM Mn2+. This yield is ten-fold better than the yield observed at the optimal Mg2+ concentration (5.0mM). Evidence is presented to show that DNA synthesized at the optimal concentration of either of these cations consists of large pieces varying in size from 4 to 12S. This DNA hybridizes efficiently to homologous viral RNA (greater than 60 percent annealing) and protects at least two-thirds of GALV 70S [32P]RNA from ribonuclease digestion. The hybrids formed with homologous viral RNA are stable as evidenced by their thermal elution patterns from hydroxylapatite columns. In contrast, DNA synthesized in reactions in which the concentration of Mn2+ or Mg2+ was greater than optimal was predominantly 4S or smaller in size and displayed a low level of hybridization (less than 10 percent) to homologous viral RNA. PMID- 52377 TI - Covalent lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli. PMID- 52378 TI - [Evaluation of cytochemical methods of studying the localization of alkaline phosphatase in B. subtilis]. AB - A study was made of a possibility of using the "lead" and the "calcium" methods for the determination of localization of alkaline phosphatase in the bacterial cells. Cytochemical medium containing lead nitrate could not be used for determination of the true localization of the alkaline phosphatase in the microorganisms. PMID- 52380 TI - [Urea as a cryoprotective agent for bone marrow cells]. PMID- 52379 TI - [Mechanism of the natriuretic and diuretic action of neurohypophyseal hormones]. AB - Administration to rats against the background of spontaneous urine excretion of pituitrine, vaso pressin and oxytocine caused a diuretic and natriuretic effect on account of the reduction of the tubular reabsorption. In rats with removed adrenal glands the preparations under study did not produce any diuretic influence, and natriuresis was observed only in administration of vas opressin. The diuretic effect of the preparations was absent against the background of hypophysectomy, whereas the natridiuretic effect was retained. It is supposed that the diuretic influence of the neurohypophyseal hormones was associated with the activation of the hypophysis-adrenal system, and some other additional mechanism took part in the natridiuretic effect. PMID- 52381 TI - The meaning and treatment of alcohol dependence. PMID- 52382 TI - Antinuclear antibodies during procainamide treatment and drug acetylation. AB - Acetylator capacity was determined in two groups of patients who had received procainamide for more than three months. In seven patients antinuclear antibodies (A.N.A.) were detected during treatment, and these changes disappeared (in six patients) or were less pronounced (one patient) after withdrawal of the drug. These patients tended to have faster acetylation rates, and five were phenotypically "rapid" acetylators. Five patients who did not develop A.N.A. during treatment had less rapid (P less than 0.05) rates of acetylation, and four were "slow" acetylators. We suggest that the immunological changes which may occur during procainamide treatment may be associated with the acetylated metabolite of procainamide rather than the parent compound and that it might be possible to identify patients at risk. PMID- 52383 TI - Axonal transport of cations in the chick optic system. PMID- 52384 TI - Isolation of axonally transported glycoproteins with goldfish visual system myelin. AB - [3H]fucose labeled glycoproteins which are rapidly transported in the goldfish optic nerve have been isolated with purified preparations of goldfish optic tectal myelin. SDS acrylamide gels of myelin proteins isolated one day after intraocular injection of fucose show a broad distribution of radioactivity among high molecular weight proteins. At progressively longer times after injection there is a shift in the distribution of radioactivity with the buildup of a peak of label with electrophoretic mobility corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 50,000. There is no corresponding peak of radioactivity in gels of total tectal membranes. Gels of myelin labeled through intracranial injections of fucose also show no single prominent peak of radioactivity. Results are discussed with reference to possible mechanisms for the shift in radioactivity patterns on gels and the possible functional significance of the myelin associated glycoproteins. PMID- 52385 TI - Neuronal fibrillar proteins and axoplasmic transport. AB - Proteins synthesized in ganglion cells of the rabbit retina were labeled with [3H]leucine or [14C]glycine injected into the vitreous. The labeled proteins that were transported into the optic nerve and tract were dissolved and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Under simple electrophoretic conditions the incorporated label appeared to be broadly distributed over the bands of axonal proteins but with a discontinuous buffer system where higher resolution was achieved, the prominent stained bands of actin, tubulin and neurofilament did not coincide with any peaks of radioactivity. Thus the specific activity of those proteins is lower than that of other migrating proteins and it is concluded that these proteins do not move in toto with axoplasmic flow. PMID- 52386 TI - Combine HRP and Fink-Heimer staining applied on the gracil nucleus in the cat. PMID- 52387 TI - [Effect of hypothalamic implants changing monoamine levels on continuous estrus in rats induced by androgen treatment in the neonatal period]. AB - The constant estrus induced by neonatal androgenization in the female rat may be disrupted following a drug-induced change of the monoamine levels in the preoptic area and arcuate nucleus of the median eminence. The most precise effect is obtained with 5-HT. This is in favour of a predominant alteration of the serotonergic system which seems to be involved in the sexual differentiation of the brain. PMID- 52388 TI - [Effect of hemolysin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on cell cultures]. AB - Hemolysin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has a cytopathic action on blood and tissue culture cells. Lysis and disintegration of the architecture of the cell involving membrane and cytoplasm were demonstrated by morphological changes. The hemolytic activity of hemolysin is inhibited by normal sera and by albumin; inhibition is also observed in the action of hemolysin on K.B. cells, but this inhibition is not complete. The hemolytic and cytopathic actions are explained by assuming that they alter the molecular architecture of the membranes. The variability may relate to the differing availability of reactive sites on the cells, or indicate that the two activities are associated with two different enzymes. PMID- 52390 TI - Identification of the sex chromosomes in the bald eagle. AB - Karyotypes of five American bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus and H. alacanus) are compared. All had 2n=66 chromosomes which fell into 3 size groups: A, 20 pairs of biarmed chromosomes; B, 9 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes and C, 4 pairs of microchromosomes. C-banding was done in two eagles and a heterochromatic W chromosome was identified in a presumptive female. The ZZ and ZW chromosomes could be identified in the karyotypes. PMID- 52389 TI - [Incorporation of 3H-thymidine in Wistar rat embryos treated with AY 9944]. AB - Intake of tritiated thymidine by the embryos of Wistar pregnant rats treated by AY 9944 is significantly lowered. This decrease is parallel with the embryonic hypotrophy. Is there a causal relationship between the two phenomena? PMID- 52391 TI - Insect chromosome banding: technique for G- and Q-banding pattern in the mosquito Aedes albopictus. AB - A modified technique is described for the production of clear G- and Q-bands of somatic metaphase chromosomes of the mosquito, Aedes albopictus Skuse. PMID- 52392 TI - Palliation in the management of laryngeal cancer. Stages of palliation. PMID- 52393 TI - Palliation in the management of laryngeal cancer. Comments on the radiotherapeutic approach to advanced disease. AB - The number of patients in the category of advanced cancer of the larynx and other sites will increase as the population increases, as longevity increases, and as increasingly effective treatment prolongs the life of the uncured cancer patient. Such patients expect no lesser effort on their behalf than is offered to patients with clinically curable cancer and an informed public may not be satisfied with the implications of palliation. Any planned improvement in the patient's status, any useful time gained, is successful treatment. The only true failure is the complication that results from plundering of tolerance which might be preserved and used to good effect by careful treatment planning. PMID- 52394 TI - Cryosurgery as palliation for carcinoma of the larynx. PMID- 52395 TI - Palliation in the management of laryngeal cancer. Surgical concepts in palliation of advanced disease. AB - Every science has limits to its operation, including medical science concerning malignancy. Beyond a certain stage of a disease, palliation is the only recourse. The word "palliation" amounts to an acceptance of defeat by a clinician while trying to salvage his cancer patients. It means that the patient should breathe and eat without much pain till death takes pity on him. Palliative surgery in laryngeal cancer amounts to doing tracheostomies and gastrostomies and administering painkillers. Most of my cases belong to this category. I extended the accepted parameters of surgical excisions for primary lesion and metastatic nodes. These excisions include laryngectomy with cervical esophagectomy, total laryngectomy, total cervical esophagetomy, total glossectomy, and total mandibulectomy. The extended radical neck dissections include carotid artery, vagus nerve, and sympathetic trunk on one side. Removal of these so-called vital structures was not only compatible with life but proved curative in 20 per cent of these cases. PMID- 52397 TI - Palliation in the management of laryngeal cancer. Conclusion for workshop on palliation. PMID- 52396 TI - Chemotherapeutic approaches to advanced carcinoma of the larynx. PMID- 52398 TI - Palliation in the management of laryngeal cancer. Summary of workshop on palliation. PMID- 52399 TI - Role of cell wall topography in conjugation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - The surface of the zygotes of Schizosaccharomyces pombe was studied by observing fluorescence following primulin treatment. Conjugation occurred only at the poles. Competence to fuse was independent of actual pole growth and pole ontogeny (old or new pole). The cells were competent to fuse throughout the first three quarters of the cell cycle. Morphological criteria indicate that cell pairs are not synchronized at the moment of fusion. The length of the G1 phases of individual conjugating cells apparently ranges from 0.1 to 0.7 of the cell cycle duration. PMID- 52400 TI - Trichosporon sepsis and leukemia. AB - Trichosporon cutaneum is a fungus known to cause superficial nodules over the distal third of hair shafts, mainly scalp hair, and to produce a clinical entity known as piedra. This superficial mycosis occurs mostly in temperate and tropical regions and is rarely seen in North America. Trichosporon cutaneum spesis is described here in a 12-year-old boy with acute lymphocytic leukemia in relapse. To our knowledge this is the first case reported in the literature. Emphasis is made of the increasing rate of fungal diseases as well as of "opportunistic" infections in this type of immunosuppressed patient. PMID- 52401 TI - Enhanced cell killing by bleomycin and 43 degrees hyperthermia and the inhibition of recovery from potentially lethal damage. AB - The effect of hyperthermia on bleomycin (BLEO) toxicity and repair was studied in "unfed" monolayer cultures of Chinese hamster cells. Synergy of toxicities was observed with simultaneous exposure to BLEO and 43 degrees. For example, when cells were exposed for 1 hr to BLEO (40 mug/ml) at 43 degrees, survival was reduced to 4 X 10(-5); separately, hyperthermia and 37 degrees BLEO exposure each resulted in a survival of 20%. Heating at 43 degrees prior to drug exposure at 37 degrees also produced substantial sensitization, indicating that the primary sensitizing effect involved cell damage rather than an increased rate of drug action; 41 degrees produced only modest cell sensitization to BLEO and the effect was not retained in cells heated prior to drug exposure. No increase in [14C]BLEO uptake was observed at 43 degrees over than at 37 degrees, and thus the increased cytotoxicity was not correlated with a gross change in cell permeability to BLEO, although increased drug availability to particular sensitive targets could not be ruled out. Studies of the repair kinetics after different 43 degrees BLEO protocols demonstrated that most of the cells sustaining potentially lethal damage rapidly recovered. However, 43 degrees hyperthermia inhibited this recovery and, with increasing durations of 43 degrees exposure, the fixation of potentially lethal damage was enhanced. Because of the substantial repair of BLEO damage observed in vivo, the possible usefulness of hyperthermia as an adjunct to BLEO therapy is discussed. PMID- 52402 TI - Demonstration of two molecular variants of carcinoembryonic antigen by concanavalin A sepharose affinity chromatography. AB - The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) active glycoproteins from perchloric acid extract of liver-metastasized primary colon tumor have been separated by concanavalin A Sepharose (Con A Sepharose) chromatography. The CEA activities separated by Con A Sepharose chromatography were designated as loosely bound and tightly bound which, respectively, eluted on the Con A Sepharose column between 0.12 and 0.15 M and 0.3 M alpha-methylmannose in a linear gradient of alpha methylmannose. Further purification of these activities by Sephadex G-200, Bio Gels A-1.5m and P-300 yielded two variants of glycoproteins (B1 and C2) with CEA activity. Both purified preparations of CEA had similar immunochemical properties. Their A280/A260 ratios were 1.30 and 1.56, respectively. The purified loosely bound CEA (B1) had immunological, chromatographic, and electrophoretic properties similar to those of 125I-CEA, whereas the tightly bound CEA (C2) had a lower molecular weight (120,000 to 140,000). Further, specificity to these two CEA's was established by their reactions in immunoelectrophoresis with preparations of specific goat anti-CEA anti-serum obtained from other investigators. The results indicate the practical use of Con A Sepharose affinity chromatography for the separation and characterization of glycoprotein tumor antigens. PMID- 52403 TI - Sequential analysis of transplantable hepatocellular carcinomas. AB - In a previous study multiple characteristics of chemically induced primary hepatocellular carcinomas were described and examined during the initial transplant generations. The present communication reports on these characteristics in subsequent transplant generations followed over a 2-year period. In almost all instances the growth rate, morphology, chromosome composition, and plasma protein and alpha-fetoprotein synthesis of individual tumors have remained relatively constant. However, one spontaneous subline of a diploid tumor demonstrated a sudden extensive rearrangement of its chromosomes simultaneous with a significant acceleration of growth rate. Despite karyotypic evolution, it retained the functional characteristics of diploid tumors, producing no plasma protein or alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 52404 TI - Enhancing effect by metabolic inhibitors on the killing of tumor cells by antibody and complement. AB - Two chemically induced, antigenically distinct guinea pig hepatoma cell lines, line 1 and line 10, which are resistant to killing by rabbit anti-Forssman or specific antitumor antibody and complement, can be rendered susceptible when the cells are pretreated with metabolic inhibitors and drugs commonly used for the treatment of cancer patients. The effect appears within 7 hr after initial contact with the inhibitors and is dependent on temperature and on inhibitor concentration; the effect is reversible within 7 hr, and the process of reversion is also temperature dependent. Not all preparations of tumor cells were rendered susceptible following treatment with inhibitors. In some cases, susceptibility to killing by complement was observed with anti-Forssman antibody but not antitumor antibody. No clear correlation between known metabolic inhibitory activity of the inhibitors and conversion to the sensitive state could be made. The results suggest that properties of nucleated cells, which are under metabolic control, play an important role in the killing efficiency of antibody and complement. PMID- 52405 TI - Effect of metabolic inhibitors on the ability of tumor cells to express antigen and bind complement components C4 and C3. AB - Metabolic inhibitors commonly used in the treatment of cancer increase the ability of antibody and complement to kill guinea pig tumor cells in vitro. No correlation was found between increased killing and changes in cell surface antigen concentration or binding of complement components C4 and C3. PMID- 52406 TI - The integration of chemotherapy into a combined modality approached to cancer therapy. V. Squamous cell cancer of the head and neck. PMID- 52408 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the hypothalamic neurosecretory neurons of the rat. III. Paraventricular and supraoptic neurons during lactation and dehydration. AB - The ultrastructural features of paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) neurons and of their axons were studied in lactating and dehydrated rats. Under both conditions of stimulation, the PVN and SON neurons and their axons enlarge. The protein synthesizing apparatus of the neurons becomes activated, but the number of neurosecretory granules (NSG) is decreased. No differences are seen between the PVN and SON neurons during lactation or dehydration. The similarity and simultaneity of the response of the PVN and SON neurons to these two different stimuli is discussed in the light of the theory of nuclear and neuronal specialization for the production of only one hormone. After prolonged lactation of over 2 1/2 weeks' duration, neurons with extreme vacuolation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) appear in the PVN and SON; the vacuolated neurons appear earlier and predominantly in the PVN involving a maximum of 10-15% of all PVN neurons. Vacuolated neurons were never seen in either nucleus during dehydration of up to 6 days' duration. The vacuolation is suggested to represent an exhaustion phenomenon due to an intense, long-lasting stimulus for oxytocin synthesis. The predominant location of the vacuolated neurons in the PVN supports the theory that oxytocin is produced predominantly in the PVN. The decrease in the number of NSGs during these states of enhanced hormone secretion is considered to corroborate the proposed existence of an extragranular fast axoplasmic transport mechanism in PVN and SON neurons. The possible existence of a reuptake mechanism into NSGs, similar to that in the vesicles of monoaminergic nerve endings is discussed. PMID- 52407 TI - Quantitative immunocytochemistry of pituitary receptors for luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. AB - In Araldite sections of male rat pituitaries, stained after embedding by the unlabeled antibody enzyme method with antisera to native luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) or LH-RH azo-conjugated to bovine serum albumin, localization is confined mainly to the interior of the large, and to a lesser extent to that of the small, secretion granules of the gonadotrophic cells. Plasma membranes are not demonstrated. Except for weak staining in the granules of corticotrophs, no other pituitary cell is stained. Pretreatment of sections with LH-RH (to dilutions of 4 pg/mul) increases staining intensity in the gonadotrophic granules. Other cells are unaffected. The lesser the gonadotroph staining intensity without pretreatment, the greater the increase (more than 23 fold reactivity). Augmented staining is measurable (P less than 0.001) to antiserum dilutions of 1:240000. Pretreatment with des-Glu-1-LH-RH, porcine corticotropin or rat prolactin has no effect. LH-RH-Gly-10(des-amide) inhibits. Rat glycoprotein hormones enhance staining with anti-azo-conjugated LH-RH. With antinative LH-RH these hormones enhance weak staining, but inhibit strong staining. Thick vibrotome sections of male rat or rabbit pituitaries stained before embedding reveal specific localization on plasma membrane and gonadotrophic secretion granules provided the sections have been pretreated with LH-RH (250 pg/mul). The data show that LH-RH after reaction with receptor is not sterically hindered from binding specific antibodies. Receptor may be found in secretion granules, both in the free state or combined with LH-RH. Plasma membrane receptor, on the other hand, was free under the conditions of the experiments. Immunization with LH-RH elicits not only heteroimmune antibodies specific for LH-RH, but also a group of still ill defined autoimmune antibodies, some of which may conceivably be reactive with glycoprotein hormone alpha-chains. PMID- 52409 TI - Desensitization of delayed-type hypersensitivity by antigen and specific antibody. PMID- 52410 TI - Correlation of cytotoxicity with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. PMID- 52411 TI - [Trials with axenic culture of Entamoeba histolytica (Schaudinn 1903) (author's transl)]. PMID- 52412 TI - [Specificity and effectiveness of HL-A sera from the firms Behringwerke and Biotest-Serum-Institut]. PMID- 52413 TI - Ventricular quadrigeminy as a manifestation of concealed bigeminy. AB - Long rhythm strips were analyzed from five patients with frequent ventricular extrasystoles. The predominant pattern was quadrigeminal; i.e., three sinus beats between extrasystoles. However, about 20% of the interectopic intervals contained numbers of sinus beats (S) greater than three. Analysis of the distribution of such values of S greater than 3 revealed that there were many more odd than even values (P less than 0.001). Also, carotid sinus pressure yielded only odd values of S greater than 3. This predominance of odd values strongly suggested the existence of concealed extrasystoles. Therefore, all odd values of S greater than 3 were analyzed to determine whether they satisfied the criterion for concealed bigeminy (S = 2n - 1) or for concealed quadrigeminy (S = 4n - 1). The distribution was found to satisfy the criterion for concealed bigeminy, suggesting that the quadrigeminal pattern was a manifestation of a 2:1 rather than a 4:1 block in a re-entry loop. Stable quadrigeminy occurs often in concealed bigeminy, because the re-entrant impulse finds the myocardium excitable after a normal R-R interval but refractory after a compensatory pause. PMID- 52414 TI - Monitoring for serious arrhythmias and high risk of sudden death. AB - Ventricular premature beats (VPBs) are present in 85% of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). A classification of VPBs based on frequency, multiformity, repetitive pattern, and degree of prematurity promises to aid in identifying patients at high risk of sudden death. Advanced grade or repetitive forms of VPBs are observed in 41% of patients with CHD who are monitored for 24 hours while ambulatory. Exercise stress is less effective than monitoring, but when advanced grades are exposed by exercise, they are likely to be persistent for two or more hours during monitoring. Such persistent and advanced grades characterize patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. Diurnal variations occur in VPB frequency and pattern with significant reduction during sleep. This as well as other facts suggest a primary role for neural activity in the genesis of ventricular ectopy. The relevance of these observations to sudden death is considered. PMID- 52415 TI - Ventricular premature beats and mortality of men with coronary heart disease. AB - Frequency and qualitative characteristics of ventricular premature beats (VPB) are determined from 1 hour of electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring of men with coronary heart disease in a continuing study among members of the Health Insurance Plan of Greater New York. Mortality among 924 such men during an average observation period of 10 months was higher among men with VPB than among those free of VPB. In comparison with the routine 12-lead ECG, the hour of ECG monitoring increased the proportion of men identified as showing ectopic activity from 15% to 52%. Only half of men with 10 or more VPB in the hour of monitoring were noted as having VPB on the routine ECG; mortality among these men was relatively high whether or not VPB appeared on the short sample ECG. PMID- 52416 TI - Prognostic grading and significance of ventricular premature beats after recovery from myocardial infarction. AB - A 6-hour taped electrocardiogram recording was obtained prior to hospital discharge on 193 patients less than 66 years of age with a definite or probable myocardial infarction. All ventricular premature beats (VPBs) were identified on the 6-hour recording, and the various VPB characteristics were related to a complicated course (CC) defined as cardiac death or myocardial reinfarction within 4 months after hospital discharge. Only three univariate VPB characteristics (multiform pattern, bigeminal rhythm, and frequency greater than or equal to 20/hr) were significantly associated with a 4-month posthospital CC. By use of bivariate and multivariate combinations of these three VPB characteristics, a two-grade prognostic stratification system was derived: Grade I VPBs (CC = 8%) included patients with less than 20 VPB/hr but with neither multiform nor bigeminal beats: Grade II VPBs (CC = 31%, P less than 0.001) contained patients with greater than or equal to 20 VPBs/hr or with multiform or bigeminal beats or both. Patients with Grade II VPBs had more severe cardiac disease, but when patients were stratified by the clinical severity of their cardiac disease, Grade II VPBs identified patients with higher CC rates. The clinical significance of these findings together with a critical analysis of the prognostic stratification method are discussed. PMID- 52417 TI - Ventricular premature beats in a population sample. Frequency and associations with coronary risk characteristics. AB - In a large epidemiological survey, 10,880 men aged 35 to 57 years were screened for ectopic ventricular activity and estimated risk of future coronary heart disease death. A 2-minute lead I electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded for each man, together with measurement of serum cholesterol, blood pressure, and the number of cigarettes currently smoked. Ventricular premature beats (VPB) occurred in 540 (4.96%) men; of these 459 (4.21%) were uniform, while complex forms were detected in only 7/1000 men. VPB occurring with a frequency of greater than or equal to 10 in the 2-min recording were also rare, occurring in 9/1000 men. No relation was found between the frequency of simple or complex VPB and estimated coronary risk status or between the prevalence of VPB and the individual risk factors of diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, or cigarette smoking. There was, however, a strong positive association between VPB and the level of systolic blood pressure, and between VPB and increasing age. The lack of association between VPB and overall coronary risk status indicates that myocardial "ischemic" changes in high-risk men may not have progressed sufficiently to alter ventricular excitability or to increase the frequency of VPB. PMID- 52418 TI - Arrhythmia prophylaxis: Long-term suppressive medication. AB - The author describes the notions that led to initiation of controlled trials of long-term medication with antiarrhythmic drugs following myocardial infarction, and reviews reports of controlled trials with diphenylhydantoin, alprenolol, and procaine amide. It is concluded that, so far as possible widespread prophylactic use of these drugs to prevent sudden death is concerned, diphenylhydantoin has no place, while procaine amide cannot be evaluated on a large scale because of the frequency with which it causes serious adverse reactions. There is no bar to an extended trial with alprenolol or comparable beta-blocking drugs. The author believes that nonspecific prophylactic long-term use of antiarrhythmic drugs to prevent sudden coronary death outside the hospital is unlikely to prove rewarding. PMID- 52419 TI - Application of the patient-self (P-S) test to assess the specificity of hyposensitization with Allpyral-G. AB - Following hyposensitization with Allpyral-G5-grass mix the level of blocking antibody is assessed against the 5-grass mix, against Timothy (one of the grasses) and against Meadow Grass (not included in the five grasses) respectively and the results compared. The implications are that only very limited protection is given against a grass pollen other than those used for the hyposensitization and this confirms laboratory findings that there is minimal cross-reactivity between grass pollen allergens. PMID- 52420 TI - A rapid method for the purification and radioimmunoassay of human alpha fetoprotein. AB - Human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was isolated from cord serum on an immunoadsorbent column obtained by covalently linking rabbit anti AFP to cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose. Bound AFP was eluted with 8 M urea with better than 50% recovery. The purified AFP was iodinated prior to its use in a double antibody radioimmunoassay. The purification and radioimmunoassay employ commercially available materials. A standard inhibition curve was obtained which allowed determination of AFP levels between 50 and 100 ng/ml in human serum. The assay was verified by measureing AFP levels in normal female serum, pregnancy serum, cord serum, hepatoma ascitic fluid and a standardized AFP solution. PMID- 52421 TI - Treatment of benign tumours of the rectum. AB - The methods of treatment for benign tumours of the rectum are by local removal or local destruction. The benign status of the tumour must be determined histologically or by gross morphology before treatment is instituted. The approaches are either transanal or by posterior proctotomy. The following procedures have been employed with excellent results for the past thirty years at the Ferguson Clinic: 1. Transanally, by local excision, local destruction or snare removal. 2. By the posterior proctotomy approach for benign tumours that could not be removed transanally because of size or inaccessibility. A new 'Two scope technique' first devised in 1969 has been used with great success since. PMID- 52422 TI - Amniotic fluid alpha2-macroglobulin and the antenatal diagnosis of spina bifida and anencephaly. AB - Alpha2-macroglobulin (AMG) concentrations have been measured in amniotic fluids from 33 pregnancies where the outcome was an infant with a neural tube defect. AMG ranged from 1.3 to 50 mug/ml in these samples, but was undetectable (is less than 1 mug/ml) in matched controls. Since the abnormal samples included four cases of spina bifida and eight cases of anencephaly before 22 weeks of pregnancy, measurement of AMG concentrations may be useful in the early antenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. In some cases it gave clearer results than those obtained by measurement of amniotic fluid alphafetoprotein. However, care must be excercised to ensure that amniotic fluids are not contaminated by blood. PMID- 52423 TI - The influence of C3b inactivator (KAF) concentration on the ability of serum to support complement activation. AB - Minor elevation of the concentration of the C3b inactivator (KAF) in whole serum (by 15-25%) markedly inhibits the capacity of the serum to support complement activation by inulin, aggregated IgG and by low concentrations of CVF. However, there was no effect when large concentrations of CVF were used nor was the spontaneous ageing of C3 slowed by increased KAF concentrations. These findings show that the activity of the C3b feedback cycle can be reduced by raising the KAF concentration above physiological levels. This finding may provide a mechanism for damping down complement activation locally in vivo. It seems that the spontaneous ageing of C3 in vitro does not involve a KAF-inhibitable step and therefore cannot be involved to explain the 'C3 tickover' in vitro. PMID- 52424 TI - Accelerated cytodifferentiation of antibody-secreting cells in guinea-pig lymph nodes stimulated by sheep erythrocytes and lymphokines. AB - Lymphokines, produced in response to structurally unrelated antigens, altered the course of a primary anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cell response within the regional lymph nodes of normal guinea-pigs. Intralymphatic injection of a small dose of lymphokines (0-5-8 mug) 1 day after antigen priming accelerated the rate of indirect plaque-forming cell cytodifferentiation between the 5th and the 9th days of the response. This effect was not related to changes in the level of antigen trapping by lymph node macrophages, but the lymphocyte mitogenic activity may have been important for the response since there was a significant increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation within the lymphokine-treated nodes on the 3rd day following immunization. PMID- 52426 TI - Antigenic determinants common to established human B-cell lines, but not shared by human T-cell lines (molt and sommer). AB - Rabbits were immunized with two kinds of human B-cell lines (SOMMER-B, and RPMI number 1788 cells) to get anti-B-cell sera. Sera were absorbed with human red blood cells, human liver, human brain and human T cells (MOLT-4 and SOMMER-T cells). Cytotoxicity of absorbed sera was not only tested against B cells which were used for immunization but also tested against unrelated B cells, including B35M cells derived from Burkitt lymphoma specimens. Results indicated that established human B cells had antigenic determinants which were shared with allogeneic human B cells, but not shared with non-lymphoid cells or tissues, nor with extablished human T cells. PMID- 52427 TI - Ortho- and retrograde axonal transport: importance for the function of adrenergic neurones. PMID- 52428 TI - Serum proteins of the golden pheasant Chrysolophus pictus. PMID- 52429 TI - The physician and the dying patient. Report of the Judicial Council, AMA. PMID- 52425 TI - Experimental autoallergic myositis, polymyositis and myasthenia gravis. Autoimmune muscle disease associated with immunodeficiency and neoplasia. PMID- 52430 TI - Current status of laboratory diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. PMID- 52431 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in human chromosomes from normal individuals and patients with ataxia telangiectasia. AB - A new fluorescence plus Giemsa staining technique now makes the detection of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) a relatively easy matter in cells containing 5 BrdU-substituted DNA. The technique has been applied to human cells to examine the distribution of SCE between different people and within different chromosomes. The results show: (1) That there were no large differences in the incidence of SCE between blood leukocyte chromosomes from male and female adults and newborn, and that similar frequencies were found in cells from two patients with ataxia telangiectasia which, nevertheless, showed the typical increases in chromosomal aberrations. (2) The distribution of SCE between chromosomes in the complement was found to be proportional to chromosome length, although the smaller chromosomes were under-represented, but not significantly so. (3) The distribution of SCE within chromosomes was nonrandom, with a deficiency in the centromeric and an excess in the mid-arm regions. There was no evidence for an excess of SCE in chromosome regions rich in AT DNA sequences. (4) The frequency of SCE is to some extent dependent of 5-BrdU concentration, but the influence of concentration is minimal within the range of from 1 to 160 muM. Human cells exposed over two cell cycles at these higher BrdU levels have around 14 SCE per cell-a frequency virtually identical with that observed in cultured cells from the Chinese hamster, wallaby, and rat kangaroo. PMID- 52432 TI - Sister chromatid exchange and chromosome organization based on a bromodeoxyuridine Giemsa-C-banding technique (TC-banding). AB - Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining of bromodeoxyuridine substituted chromosomes provided a high resolution technique for following the segregation of replicated chromosomal DNA (Latt, 1973). Modifications have produced the same results after Giemsa staining (Wolff and Perry, 1975). Since this does not necessarily require Hoechst (Korenberg and Freedlander, 1975), we call this bromodeoxyuridine-Giemsa banding (BG-banding). We here describe a further modification which allows one to follow the T-rich strand of the AT-rich satellite DNA of C-band heterochromatin. We call this TC-banding. This technique was used to examine metacentric marker chromosomes found in mouse L-cells that contain many interstitial blocks of centromeric-type heterochromatin in each arm plus the usual two blocks of centromeric heterochromatin. One of the advantages of this technique for such chromosomes is that it is possible to distinguish first from second cell cycle sister chromatid exchange and unambiguously detect centromeric sister chromatid exchange. We found some chromosomes to have high rates of centromeric sister chromatid exchange. After one cycle in bromodeoxyuridine we could examine the satellite polarity of the heterochromatic DNA. Since there was no change in satellite polarity in any of the heterochromatic blocks, marker chromosomes could not have been formed by paracentric inversions, inverted insertions or inverted translocations. These results allow the formulation of several rules of chromosome organization. PMID- 52433 TI - [Discontinued treatment with BudR and staining with acridine orange: observation of R- or Q- or intermediary banding (author's transl)]. AB - Discontinued treatments with BudR at different periods of the cellular cycle produce various chromosome banding after staining with acridine orange. In particular, it is possible to observe R- or Q- or an intermediary banding, simply by varying the time of incorporation of BudR. This implies that the amount of AT or GC bases present locally in DNA is not directly responsible for the banding observed. Furthermore it appears that a precise correlation exists between replication and R- or Q-banding: the DNA located at each group of bands replicates either early (R-bands) or late (Q-bands). But these timings overlap towards the middle of phase S: if the treatment is given at that time, it is possible to observe aspects intermediary between Q and R. PMID- 52435 TI - [Letter: Interval therapy of migraine]. PMID- 52434 TI - [Excessive peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in the pathogenesis of T3-hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - In a 41-year-old woman and a 3-year-old girl, both of them with T3 thyrotoxicosis, serum levels of total and free T4 and T3 were measured serially during anti-thyroid drug treatment. Attempts to substitute thyroxine during the antithyroid treatment had to be interrupted because the patients became hyperthyroid again with excessive increases in total and free serum T3, even when concentrations of total and free T4 were brought to subnormal levels. The increased conversion of administered thyroxine ceased later on and higher amounts of oral T4 were tolerated after one year of treatment. In both patients there was an extremely low serum T4/T3 ratio, differing in this respect significantly from six other patients with T3-thyrotoxicosis and 41 patients with "conventional" T3/T4-hyperthyroidism. It is concluded that, in patients with T3-thyrotoxicosis due to excessive peripheral T4 to T3 conversion, substitution during antithyroid drug treatment should be either with very low doses of thyroxine or with triiodothyronine in divided daily doses. In such cases the level of serum T3 represents the most reliable biochemical measurement for the control of treatment, serum T4 levels being irrelevant. PMID- 52437 TI - Kindling effect and sleep organization in cats. AB - A comparative study of sleep organization was made between seven kindled cats and four controls. Longitudinal observation during 5 h of polygraphic recording continued every day at the beginning, irregularly after kindling, for one year. During kindling installation, REM sleep was gradually reduced after each stimulation. When the kindling phenomenon was established each stimulation triggered a typical generalized convulsion and diminution of REM sleep persisted. REM characteristics such as total amount, duration of episode and frequency decreased after each stimulation. Increase of the awake stage was also observed after each stimulation throughout the kindling procedure. These data are compared with other reports which examine sleep organization after generalized convulsions or temporal lobe epilepsy in animal and man. PMID- 52436 TI - Control of snail hosts of bilharziasis in Egypt. 3. Effect of the organophosphorous insecticide, dursban, on carbohydrate metabolism of the snails Biomphalaria alexandria and Bulinus truncatus. AB - The effects of the organophosphorous insecticide, Dursban, on aerobic oxidation, glycolysis, glucose utilization and gluconeogenesis in snails tissues were determined. Dursban had a biphasic effect on the aerobic oxidation of succinate, glutamate + malate and TMPD + ascorbate while it had only an inhibitory action on pyruvate oxidation. The compound significantly inhibited glycolysis, glucose utilization and gluconeogenesis when used at high concentrations (ten times higher than its LC50). However, it had a slight effect on thepreviously mentioned process when its concentration was equal to or approximated its LC50. The relationship between the metabolic effect of Dursban and its molluscicidal activity is discussed. PMID- 52438 TI - Electroencephalographic correlates of myoclonus. AB - In order to overcome various drawbacks of the conventional polygraphic study of a relationship between myoclonus and EEG, the EEG preceding and following the myoclonic jerk was simultaneously averaged by the CNV program. The subjects were 7 patients presenting with myoclonus of various kinds. The conventional polygraphs showed various paroxysmal EEG activities in 4 patients, but none of those paroxysmal activities was temporally related to myoclonus except for one case. As a result of the present averaging technique, 2 patients with cerebellar ataxia with intention myoclonus showed myoclonus-related EEG spikes or spike-and slow-waves in the contralateral central or centroparietal region. These myoclonus related spikes preceded the myoclonus by 10-17 msec, suggesting the presence of a discharging focus in the deep cerebral structures, rather than in the cerebral cortex, in these cases. Two other patients, one with resting myoclonus and the other with postural myoclonus, showed myoclonus-related slow waves on the contralateral hemisphere. This previously undescribed method of averaged polygraphic recording will be very useful in detecting an EEG correlate of spontaneously occurring myoclonus. PMID- 52439 TI - Far-field recorded frequency-following responses: evidence for the locus of brainstem sources. AB - Two experiments were performed to determine the brainstem origins of the scalp recorded auditory frequency-following response (FFR). The first was a study of FFR onset latency in which responses observed by direct recording from depth electrodes in brainstem auditory nuclei were compared with those obtained from the scalp. The mean onset latency of scalp recorded FFR (5.8 msec) closely approximated the 5.4 msec mean latency of response recorded from within the inferior colliculus (IC). In a second experiment, cooling of the IC greatly reduced or eliminated FFR both within this nucleus and at the scalp. FFR at the medial superior olive was unaffected during cooling. It was concluded that at moderate intensities of stimulation the primary source of scalp recorded FFR is the IC. PMID- 52440 TI - The effects of a spirolactone derivative on EEG and cortical single unit activity in the cat. AB - With systemic (60-150 mg/kg) and topical application, Aldactone exhibited strong convulsant action on the cat cerebral cortex. The most common abnormal interictal features of the surface ECoG pattern were sequences of fast waves and slow negative waves associated with positive sharp waves, negative field potentials and burst-like neuronal activation in the extracellular microelectrode record. Another abnormal pattern was a period of ECoG and neuronal inactivity subsequent to the negative transients. These series of sharp and slow waves and of inactivity were interrupted by tonic and clonic ECoG seizures characterized by regular surface positive spikes. Development of seizures, but not of interictal phenomena, could be prevented by intravenous application of Diazepam (1 mg), Nembutal (30 mg/kg) and--less effectively--by Phenhydane (20 mg/kg). PMID- 52441 TI - Photic sensitivity of children with absence seizures in slow wave sleep. AB - Consequent upon previous studies on the effect of sleep on spike-wave discharges in absence seizures, photically sensitive spike-wave paroxysms were studied in 4 children with absence seizures, including identical twins, during various sleep stages. Sensitivity to stimuli at all frequencies and intensities was minimal during slow-wave sleep (stages 3 and 4), although photic driving could still be discerned. Trains of paired stimuli were effective in triggering polyspike responses during slow-wave sleep at frequencies of 6-8 c/sec and at flash intervals of 50 msec. The morphology of the discharges was similar to that seen in spontaneous discharges in deep sleep. The discharges, however, were stimulus bound and there were no poststimulation spike-wave afterdischarges, which characterized wakefulness and REM sleep. The findings imply that, in deep sleep, while the cortical response to photic stimulation via the specific pathway system remains intact, the cortex appears to be functionally disconnected from those subcortical mechanisms essential for afterdischarge perpetuation. PMID- 52442 TI - Lateral geniculate multiple-unit activity related to metrazol potentiated after discharges. AB - Following parenteral administration of subconvulsive levels of pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol) photic stimulation induced an augmented rhythmic sequence of late neuron population burst-inhibition periods in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the rat. This late bursting-inhibition activity was in turn observed to be associated with the augmentation of cortically recorded photically evoked after-discharges (PhADs). Multiple-unit activity (MUA) was also recorded from superior colliculus (SC), reticular formation (RF), posterior thalamic area (PTN), and dorsal hippocampus (HIPP). Only SC and RF exhibited an initial discharge to photic stimulation with late bursting infrequently observed and only in the SC. PTN showed some tonic increases in MUA following photic stimulation. HIPP MUA was essentially unaffected by photic pulse stimulation. The results document the neuronal role of the LGN in PhAD activity and were discussed in terms of a recurrent LGN inhibitory system governing cortical PhAD production and elaboration. PMID- 52443 TI - Suppression of cortical epileptiform activity by generalized and localized ECoG desynchronization. AB - The effects of high frequency electrical stimulation of both diffusely projecting brain regions and regions of more restricted projection were studied on penicillin-induced cortical epileptiform focal activity in the cat. Results obtained were contingent on the level of focal activity present at the time of stimulation. Very active foci (spike rates above 0.5/sec) were uniformly driven by stimulation of all structures under study. Foci exhibiting weak to moderate levels of activity were, on the other hand, inhibited both during and following stimulation. Episodes of spike suppression induced through stimulation of diffusely projecting structures were typically followed by an intensified "rebound" of interictal activity. Episodes of suppression induced through stimulation of regions of limited projection were not followed by such rebounds, an effect most dramatically apparent with caudate stimulation and motor cortex foci. Results are discussed in terms of the interaction between naturally occurring brain rhythms in sleep and arousal with the epileptic process. PMID- 52444 TI - Time trends and periodic cycles in REM sleep eye movements. AB - Eye movements during REM sleep episodes were tabulated in 16 young adults. REM episodes were then broken down into four ranges according to length in min: (1) 11.0-21.3; (2) 21.7-29.7; (3) 30.0-42.3; (4) 42.7 or longer. These data were then analyzed for linear and quadratic trends. Eight episodes had a significant linear trend, 10 had a significant quadratic trend, 7 had both linear and quadratic trends, while 12 had no trend. The residuals from the best-fitting polynomial curve were then subject to a spectral analysis. In addition, 2 long periods of pre-sleep wakefulness (approximately 2 h each) were also analyzed. In general, the spectral analysis revealed the dominant presence of a slow cycle (period of 10 min to about 30 min) the exact period of which varied according to the length of the REM episode. A binomial probability test indicated that the presence of slow cycles was significant in REM episodes except for those in the 21-30 min range. For the episodes of wakefulness, a dominant slow cycle was found in both cases. The results give the impression of similarity in the periodic organization of eye movements during REM sleep and waking. The data also indicated that an ultradian (70-150 min) cycle was present in eye movements during sleep and waking. Further, the finding of a decrease in eye movements before sleep onset, coupled with previous reports of an increase in eye movement after sleep onset, indicate the presence of a circadian cycle. PMID- 52445 TI - Stabilization of alpha frequency by sinusoidally modulated light. AB - Two experiments demonstrate that a spontaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythm, alpha, can be frequency-stabilized by sinusoidally modulated light (SML) but not by photic flash stimulation. It is suggested that this frequency stabilizing effect is not due to superimposition of an evoked response on the background EEG. Instead, SML might phase-lock the scalp-recorded alpha rhythm by influencing subcortical alpha generators within narrow limits set by the inherent resonant EEG frequency. PMID- 52446 TI - EEG responses to photic stimulation in persons experienced at meditation. AB - The EEG responses to intermittent photic stimulation were examined in a group of subjects experienced in meditation, and compared with those of a control group. The meditators exhibited a significantly smaller decrement in alpha activity and alpha blocking over the course of the experiment than did the control group, and alpha induction occurred earlier and more frequently in the meditators. These findings support the hypothesis that experienced meditators spontaneously enter the meditative state on closing the eyes, and also the view that physiologically the meditative state is one of prolonged drowsiness. An alternative interpretation, that meditation is a state of sustained attention, is discussed. PMID- 52447 TI - The click-evoked post-auricular myogenic response in normal subjects. AB - The presence of the posterior auricular myogenic reflex was infectigated in healthy subjects. Click stimuli were delivered alternately to each ear and both ipsilateral and contralateral responses were recorded simultaneously. Smiling and head down position increased the number of responses. With this method, in contrast to previous findings, it was possible to demonstrate bilateral auditory reception in 89% of the 45 subjects studied. PMID- 52448 TI - An on-line transformation of EEG scalp potentials into orthogonal source derivations. AB - A new type of EEG derivation has been investigated. This derivation, constituting a practical implementation of the Laplace operator, detects source activity as it appears at the surface level of the scalp. It is realized in the 10-20 system of electrode placement basically as an analogue superposition of four bipolar derivations, forming a star-like configuration around each electrode. Visual estimation of the topographical origins of a pattern, is thus replaced by a more efficient on-line process, which derives the source activity at the position of each individual electrode. Practical correlation tests have shown that the separation of adjacent derivations is improved by a factor of between two and four, compared to the corresponding bipolar and common reference derivations. Any feature of local origin will therefore have a correspondingly increased signal-to noise ratio prior to the stage of visual or automatic interpretation. As a consequence of the partition of the scalp field into 19 source zreas, instead of utilizing an arbitrary number of potential differences, one fixed montage with 19 recorder channels is sufficient to present the total surface activity, within the limits of resolution of the electrode system. PMID- 52449 TI - Proceedings: Absences and absence-like seizures. PMID- 52450 TI - Proceedings: An application of quantitative EEG in pharmacogeriatry. PMID- 52451 TI - Proceedings: EEG investigation during delirium tremens. PMID- 52452 TI - Proceedings: EEG observations in the polyneuropathy of boot-workers. PMID- 52453 TI - Proceedings: Asymmetries of EEG and cerebral dominanc. Considerations on sleep records in babies. PMID- 52454 TI - Proceedings: Fast beta activity in the EEG of the elderly. PMID- 52456 TI - Proceedings: Splenectomy and the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 52455 TI - Proceedings: Pupillographic and electromyographic findings in botulism. PMID- 52457 TI - Proceedings: Electrophysiological study of a case of Jacob-Creutzfeldt disease. PMID- 52458 TI - Proceedings: EEG studies after botulinus intoxication. PMID- 52459 TI - Proceedings: Towards a "European form" for head injuries. PMID- 52460 TI - Proceedings: Comparative neurophysiological investigation in hypnosis, acupuncture and drug-analgesia. PMID- 52461 TI - Proceedings: A posteriori selective averaging of evoked potentials: Comparison with Wiener filtering. PMID- 52462 TI - Proceedings: Echoencephalography versus EEG in head injuries. PMID- 52463 TI - Proceedings: Evidence of electromyographic findings in early diagnosis of lead polyneuropathy. PMID- 52465 TI - Proceedings: Preliminary data on anatomo-clinical correlations and EEG alterations in dementia. PMID- 52464 TI - Proceedings: System's analysis of simultaneously recorded visual evoked potentials in the cat brain. PMID- 52466 TI - Proceedings: Preliminary data on the comparative value of EEG and stereotaxic EEG in epilepsy. PMID- 52467 TI - Proceedings: Some particular EEG aspects in dementia. PMID- 52468 TI - Proceedings: Slow potential shift evoked by paired sensory stimuli in acute experiments in the cat. PMID- 52469 TI - Proceedings: Cortical responsiveness and noise. PMID- 52470 TI - Proceedings: Experimental investigations showing an involvement of taurine in epilepsy. PMID- 52472 TI - Proceedings: EEG observations in chronic opium smoking. PMID- 52471 TI - Proceedings: EEG modification during Jendrassik's manoeuvre before and after prostigmine in Parkinsonian subjects. PMID- 52473 TI - Proceedings: Congenital clonic tetanic-like seizures. PMID- 52474 TI - Proceedings: Course of changes in the EEG profile in typhoid patients. PMID- 52475 TI - Proceedings: Rolandic spike activation during sleep in children with and without epilepsy. PMID- 52476 TI - Proceedings: Single muscle spindle afferent recordings in human flexor reflex. PMID- 52477 TI - Proceedings: Clinical application of evoked spinal cord potential measurement. PMID- 52478 TI - Proceedings: Clinical utilization of the evoked spinal cord action potential in spine and spinal cord surgery. PMID- 52479 TI - Proceedings: The evoked spinal electrogram recorded from the epidural space in man. PMID- 52480 TI - Proceedings: Spinal evoked potentials recorded from surface electrodes (Discussion 1). PMID- 52481 TI - Proceedings: Developmental disturbance of the brain--based on neuropathology of severe cerebral palsy. PMID- 52482 TI - Proceedings: Morphological studies on development of the nervous system- congenital anomalies. PMID- 52483 TI - Proceedings: Physiological basis of the evoked potentials in the spinal cord (Discussion 2). PMID- 52484 TI - Proceedings: The EEG aspect of the normal and abnormal development of the central nervous system during early life. PMID- 52485 TI - Proceedings: EEG findings in inborn errors of metabolism. PMID- 52486 TI - Proceedings: A biomechanical analysis of primate locomotion. PMID- 52487 TI - Proceedings: A study of developmental abnormality in motor function, especially on the change of stretch response in cases of cerebral palsy. PMID- 52488 TI - Proceedings: Control of quiet standing in the quadriped (dog) and in the biped (man). PMID- 52490 TI - Proceedings: Contribution of the cerebellum to the neuronal rhythm in locomotion. PMID- 52489 TI - Proceedings: Preferred hand and set-dependency of reaction time. PMID- 52491 TI - Proceedings: Analysis of the gait movement and its clinical application. PMID- 52492 TI - Proceedings: Brain monoamine metabolism and sleep. PMID- 52493 TI - Proceedings: Sleep and neuronal activity. PMID- 52494 TI - Proceedings: Abnormalities of REM sleep in narcoleptics and in acute alcohol psychotics. PMID- 52495 TI - Proceedings: Dissociation between the tonic and the phasic events during REM sleep by the administration of some neuro-active drugs (Discussion 2). PMID- 52496 TI - Proceedings: Quantitative analysis of REM sleep in normal human subjects (Discussion 1). PMID- 52498 TI - Proceedings: Vertex potential during various mental activities in man. PMID- 52497 TI - Proceedings: Treatment of narcolepsy, a REM sleep disorder, with psychotropic drugs. PMID- 52499 TI - Proceedings: A study of the readiness potential. PMID- 52500 TI - Proceedings: Basic rhythms and evoked potentials in attentive states. PMID- 52501 TI - Proceedings: Speech muscle activity during dreaming and verbal hallucination. PMID- 52503 TI - Proceedings: Polygraphic studies in hypersomniacs. PMID- 52502 TI - Proceedings: Ethyleneglycol poisoning. PMID- 52504 TI - Proceedings: The restless legs syndrome. A clinical and polygraphic study. PMID- 52505 TI - Proceedings: Occipital slow rhythm in adults. PMID- 52506 TI - Proceedings: A laminar study of somatosensory evoked potentials under the influence of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) in the neocortex of the rat. PMID- 52507 TI - Proceedings: Influence of Metrazol on cortical epileptogenic foci in rats. PMID- 52508 TI - Proceedings: Role of corpus callosum in the interhemispheric transmission of epileptic electrographic phenomena. PMID- 52509 TI - Proceedings: The analysis of visual evoked potential components. PMID- 52510 TI - Proceedings: Night sleep EEG in myoclonic epilepsies. PMID- 52511 TI - Proceedings: Possibilities of the diagnostic use of somatosensory evoked potentials. PMID- 52512 TI - Proceedings: Recording of biopotentials by a commercial tape recorder. PMID- 52513 TI - Proceedings: Stepwise discriminant analysis and other methods in evaluation of evoked potentials. PMID- 52514 TI - Proceedings: Unusual reinnervation after resection of the facial nerve. PMID- 52515 TI - Proceedings: Physiology of conscious experience and pathophysiology of the epileptic seizure. First memorial lecture of Joannes Marcus Marci (1595-1967). founder of Czech epileptology. PMID- 52516 TI - Proceedings: Aetiopathogenetic diagnosis of epilepsies. Influence of thiopental and diazepam on EEG epileptic phenomena. PMID- 52517 TI - Proceedings: The follow-up of EEG changes in 15 children during and after prolonged unconsciousness. PMID- 52519 TI - Proceedings: The monosynaptic reflex arc and its determinants. Neurophysiological studies in animal and man. PMID- 52518 TI - Proceedings: Observations from microelectrode recording in man: relevance to the study of reflexes. PMID- 52520 TI - Proceedings: Vibration stimuli in clinical neurophysiology. Physiological and pathophysiological aspects. PMID- 52521 TI - Proceedings: Exploration of chronic polyneuritis by means of the H. reflex. PMID- 52522 TI - Proceedings: Eye movement and proprioception. PMID- 52524 TI - Proceedings: Study of reflexes in the clinical syndromes of spinal cord transection. PMID- 52523 TI - Proceedings: The monosynaptic reflex and voluntary motor activity in man. PMID- 52525 TI - Proceedings: Comparison of slow cerebral potentials evoked by sensory stimuli and by the ankle jerk in children and in adults. PMID- 52526 TI - Proceedings: Experimental modification of the terminal phase of the contigent negative variation (CNV). PMID- 52529 TI - Proceedings: Three cases of Lambert-Eaton syndrome. PMID- 52528 TI - Proceedings: Paradoxical phase of sleep and intracranial pressure in compensated hydrocephalus. PMID- 52527 TI - Proceedings: H reflex (in the soleus and quadriceps) in sciatic root lesions and femoral neuralgia. PMID- 52530 TI - Proceedings: EEG aspects of vascular hemiplegia in elderly subjects (longitudinal study with reference to prognosis in 156 cases. PMID- 52531 TI - Proceedings: Optokinetic study in children of school age: frequency, amplitude and rhythm. PMID- 52532 TI - Proceedings: Relevance of electromyography to disorders of the shoulder. PMID- 52533 TI - Proceedings: Spontaneous and evoked spikes in experimental Rolandic foci. PMID- 52534 TI - Proceedings: Spontaneous spike and wave with anterior distribution in association with fits induced by photic stimulation in Papio papio. Report of a case. PMID- 52535 TI - Proceedings: The kindling effect in the cat and the rat: neurophysiological and neuropharmacological approach. PMID- 52536 TI - Proceedings: Definition, morphological and anatomical study of epileptic foci without apparent clinical manifestation. PMID- 52537 TI - Proceedings: Comparison between discharges of subclinical spikes and clinical epileptic attacks in patients with epilepsy. PMID- 52539 TI - Proceedings: Morphological characteristics of focal epileptic discharges, and their localizing value. PMID- 52538 TI - Proceedings: Evolution of paroxysmal discharges, assessed by radiotelemetry, in an infant with "gelastic epilepsy". PMID- 52540 TI - Proceedings: 595 cases of localized epileptic discharges, without signs. Relevance to clinical picture and diagnosis. PMID- 52541 TI - Proceedings: Modulation of spike foci in children studied by biotelemetry. PMID- 52542 TI - Proceedings: A solution to the problem of EEG records: microphotography. PMID- 52543 TI - Proceedings: Eleven cases of necrotizing encephalitis, 8 of them certainly due to herpes. EEG studies. PMID- 52544 TI - Proceedings: Hypotheses and preliminary observations on the relation between occipital spikes and sleep in children with a visual defect. PMID- 52545 TI - Proceedings: Necrotizing encephalitis. Relation between EEG aspects and clinical epileptic events. PMID- 52546 TI - Proceedings: Paradoxical phase of sleep in man: study of skin electrical activity. PMID- 52547 TI - Proceedings: The EEG in alkylphosphate poisoning (anticholinesterase insecticides). PMID- 52549 TI - Proceedings: Atypical cases of ALS (motor neuron disease). PMID- 52548 TI - Proceedings: The effects of profound hypothermia with circulatory arrest on the EEG obtained during operation in the newborn. PMID- 52550 TI - Proceedings: Low arousal induced by EMG and EEG feedback in various patient groups: description of the methodology in a pilot study. PMID- 52551 TI - Changes in chick oviduct chromatin antigenicity following estrogen withdrawal. AB - A microcomplement fixation assay was used to study changes in the antigenicity of chick oviduct chromatin following estrogen withdrawal. Our findings indicate that following estrogen withdrawal, chromatin from previously stimulated oviducts lost those antigenic determinants which were characteristic of the stimulated state. Withdrawal did not, however, result in the reappearance of antigenic sites characteristic of the unstimulated oviduct. These results suggest that estrogen stimulation of the immature chick results in an irreversible alteration of the oviduct chromatin. PMID- 52553 TI - Molecular sieve effect of the blood-aqueous barrier. PMID- 52552 TI - Character of the stimulatory response of uridine kinase in rat livers to cycloheximide treatment. AB - Administration of cycloheximde to adult rats resulted in the enhancement of uridine kinase activity in the liver. The increase of enzyme activity was not affected by adrenal secretion or uptake of food. Actinomycin D, hydroxyurea and puromycin injected simultaneously with cycloheximide depressed the increase of enzyme activity. On the contrary, administration of 5-azacytidine following cycloheximide resulted in further enhancement of uridine kinase. While the half time of template RNA for uridine kinase in control rat livers was 24 h, for cycloheximide-stimulated enzyme it was about 11 h. At higher dose levels cycloheximide leads to an increased incorporation of both uridine and orotic acid into liver RNA; however, this effect was not observed in the starved animals. The mechanism of action of cycloheximide is briefly mentioned. PMID- 52554 TI - History of central nervous system regeneration research. PMID- 52555 TI - Experimental myotonia and hypocholesterolemic agents. PMID- 52557 TI - Influence of nerve cell body and neurolemma cell on local axonal protein synthesis following neurotomy. PMID- 52556 TI - Axonal protein synthesizing activity during the early outgrowth period following neurotomy. PMID- 52558 TI - Histochemical phospholipid reaction in ischemic neurons as an indication of exposure to postmortem trauma. PMID- 52559 TI - Depression of complex bioelectric discharges in cerebral tissue cultures by thermolabile complement-dependent serum factors. PMID- 52560 TI - Isolation of bile ducts from rat liver: technique and preliminary ultrastructural characterization. PMID- 52562 TI - [Silhouette projection as a visual aid in education of crown and bridge technics]. PMID- 52561 TI - Drug hypersensitivity--prevention, diagnosis, and management. PMID- 52563 TI - Relief of myo-facial pain: treatment of 5 patients. PMID- 52565 TI - Control of ribonucleic acid polymerase A activity during lymphocyte activation by phytohaemagglutinin. PMID- 52564 TI - Gramicidin S synthetase: variations in the activites of the light and heavy enzymes with growth of culture of Bacillus brevis. PMID- 52566 TI - A gradient in the thickness of the surface sheath in pseudoplasmodia of Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 52567 TI - On the nature of the external surface of cultured human embryo fibroblasts: an ultrastructural and cytochemical analysis utilising stain and lectin probes. AB - Surfaces of human embryo fibroblasts in vitro were reacted with stain and lectin probes for carbohydrate moeities either after or in the absence of treatment with low concentrations of surface-active enzymes and EDTA. Only testicular hyaluronidase significantly suppressed affinity-binding of all three agents, suggesting that acidic glycosaminoglycans are principle components of the cell's exterior. PMID- 52568 TI - A mouse hepatoma cell line which secretes several serum proteins including albumin and alpha-foetoprotein. AB - A permanent cell line (BW) was established from a transplantable mouse hepatoma, BW7756, which produces alpha-foetoprotein (AFP). Three clones were isolated from the uncloned culture: BW1, BW2 and BWTG3. The cells of the latter clone, which was isolated after selection in the presence of thioguanine, are deficient in the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyl transferase. Both BW1 and BWTG3 cells have mean chromosome number of 64 (60 telocentric and 4 metacentric chromosomes). All three clones secrete at least five serum proteins into the culture medium: albumin, AFP, and alpha 2 globulin, transferrin and C3, the third component of complement. The approximate rate of albumin secretion by BW1 and BWTG3 cells is 10 mug/24 h/10(6) cells. Both albumin and AFP can easily be detected in cell extracts. The simultaneous production of AFP and a hepatocyte specific marker (albumin) by cloned hepatoma cells show that the production of AFP by the tumour is due to the tumoural hepatocytes themselves. PMID- 52569 TI - Effect of antitumor agents on sarcoma-180 tumor cells transplanted to liver, kidney, and lung. AB - The survival time of animals, inhibition of the incorporation of thymidine-[6-3H] (3H-TdR) into DNA, and histopathological observation were made after the injection of Mitomycin-C, Bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, Daunomycin, Actinomycin-D, or 5-fluorouracil into mice transplanted with sarcoma-180 to their liver, kidney, and lung. The most prolonged survival time was obtained by the injection with cyclophosphamide and a moderate prolonged survival by Bleomycin and Actinomycin D. In the case of 5-fluorouracil and Daunomycin, there were extreme variations in the survival time depending on the site of tumor growth. Cyclophosphamide and 5 fluorouracil showed greater and longer lasting inhibition of the incorporation of 3H-TdR into DNA of the tumor tissue, whereas the remaining agents caused transient inhibition on the tumor tissue. Inhibitory ratio and duration of the incorporation of 3H-TdR into DNA of normal site of the tissue of tumor-bearing organ were found to be more increased or almost the same compared with those of the tumor tissue. The most rapid recovery of the incorporation of 3H-TdR into DNA was observed in the small intestine among various organs and tumor in any treatment groups. From the histopathological observation, the degree of tumor cell damage by the agent was almost in agreement with inhibition of the incorporation of 3H-TdR up to 72 hr after the treatment. PMID- 52570 TI - Establishment and some biological characteristics of human hepatoma cell lines. AB - Two cell lines of human hepatoma, HLE and HLF lines, were established in vitro from the hepatocellular carcinoma of a 68-year-old patient. One clone (HLEC) was obtained from a single HLE cell. The cells of HLE and HLEC were epithelial-like and both of these cells demonstrated glycogen granules in the cytoplasm when stained with periodic acid and Schiff reagent. Although HLF cells resembled fibroblasts in morphology, they appear to have originated from hepatoma cells, judging from epithelial characteristics in aggregates reconstituted by rotation culture and heterotransplantability. HLE cells produced alpha-fetoprotein until day 187 of culture, but HLF cells did not produce alpa-fetoprotein at any period examined. Chromosome number of both cell lines was distributed near the triploid range. HLF cells were transplantable into the cheek pouch of adult hamsters treated with cortisone acetate, but not HLE cells. PMID- 52571 TI - [Specific desensitization in allergic asthma]. PMID- 52572 TI - Isolation of parietal cells from guinea-pig gastric mucosa and the immunological characterization of their antigenic structure. AB - A method is described for the isolation of parietal cells from the gastric mucosa of the guinea pig by enzymatic digestion with collagenase. A suspension was obtained that contained 70-80% parietal cells. About 80% of the cells were viable immediately after incubation, but viability dropped sharply after one hour. Parietal cells were identified by their morphology on light and electron microscopy, by their uptake of neutral red, by immunofluorescent staining and by carbonic anhydrase activity. Antibodies to four distinct parietal-cell antigens were obtained from rabbits immunized with the isolated parietal cells or fractions thereof. These antibodies were directed against the microsomal fraction of the parietal-cell cytoplasm, the plasma and nuclear membranes, the soluble proteins, and Castle's intrinsic factor. The antibody against the microsomal fraction, though reacting in the same way as the antibody to parietal cell canaliculi found in the serum of patients with pernicious anaemia, showed greater species specificity. PMID- 52573 TI - [Cytochemistry of leukocytes in childhood. III. Changes of cytochemical reactions in lymphocytes in infections and during immunological reactions]. AB - The present paper gives a report on changes of enzyme reactions, of the glycogen content, and the nucleolus picture in lymphocytes which are based on cytochemical investigations of blood smears taken from 110 children with different diseases. In 20 new-born babies the cytochemical responses of lymphocytes after triple immunization with Di-Pe-Te immunization matter were observed. The findings reveal significant changes to be found predominantly in the activity of alpha naphthylacetate esterase, PAS-reaction and the nucleolus picture of lymphocytes in immunological reactions. No hints for specific immunological functions of lymphocytes could be detected. The changes may refer to B-lymphocytes and to T lymphocytes. PMID- 52574 TI - Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity in the early puerperium. AB - Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase studied cytochemically according to Kaplow's method in 20 healthy women aged 20 to 38 years, shows statistically significant, although transient, increase on the second day after physiological delivery and returns to initial values after several days. The above increase is unrelated to the increased enzyme activity observed in the terminal months of pregnancy in a majority of healthy women. It is associated with an increase in neutrophilic granulocytosis in the puerperial period. PMID- 52575 TI - [The use of the cell separator in the treatment of leukemia]. AB - In order to provide leukemic patients during the critical granulocytopenic stage with a sufficient amount of granulocytes a blood cell separator with a continuous extracorporeal circulation was developed. This permits to obtain up to 3.0-10(10) leukocytes during a 4---5 hours period from a single donor. According to our own experiences with 20 leukophereses performed in 13 healthy donors by the use of the AMINCO cell separator an average of 1.17-10(10) leukocytes with a granulocytic portion of 61% was collected per run. In two cases of agranulocytosis and septic fever (one case of pseudomonas septicaemia) the repeated administration of leukocyte concentrates, while specific antibiotic therapy was continued, led to a marked improvement over a longer period of time. Furthermore thrombocyte concentrates up to 7.0-10(10) platelets can be obtained by the cell separator. Applied as depletory method in the treatment of CML and CLL leukopheresis may rapidly diminish the peripheral leucocyte count while spleen and lymphomas decrease in size at the same time. A 20% reduction in cell count may be achieved by a serie of 3---4 leukophereses. Also the use of the cell separator in the treatment of makroglobulinemia by plasmapheresis is discussed. PMID- 52576 TI - The use of 75selenomethionine for labelling the formed and protein elements of the blood. AB - In the introduction the authors describe the biological role of platelets, plasma protein, fibrinogen and erthrocytes as well as the methods of tagging, separating and measuring them. The advantage of platelet labelling with 75selenomethionine is that it allows production and life-span to be determined simultaneously, however, the in vivo measurements do not give information on the site of platelet sequestration. Protein anabolism as well as katabolism can be evaluated with it, and the simultaneous determination of platelet and fibrinogen turnover may be especially useful in pathological conditions. The determination of erythrocyte life-span with 75 selenomethionine does not give so much information as the 59Fe and 51Cr methods, but when used for the examination of cell kinetics in combination with the latter methods it may afford an insight into erythropoiesis. The biological and the effective half-life periods (Teff) of 75selenomethionine are probably shorter than indicated in the literature. PMID- 52578 TI - Frozen-thawed red cells--standard article for hospital use? AB - The freezing and storing of glycerol protected red cells allows the present 20-- 40 day limitation of red cell storage to be indefinitely lengthened. Although frozen thawed cells are more expensive to prepare than ordinary packed cells, the longer shelf-life of the red cells, the reduced risk of hepatitis transmission, and the reduction of immunization against leuko- and thrombocytes, are all advantages which out-weighed this additional cost. To effect an increase in their use, frozen thawed cells could be distributed from central blood banks to hospitals were they would be stored until needed for transfusion. Thawing and washing would necessarily be done by the hospital blood bank personnel. PMID- 52577 TI - [Studies on the osmotic resistance and the viability of amidinated erythrocytes]. AB - The present studies are concerned with properties of amidinated erythrocytes. The reactions of dimethyladipimidate with proteins in solution and red blood cells, respectively, result in an intermolecular cross-linking. Following an amidination of human serum albumin or human gamma-globulin cross-linked products of increased molecular weight have been demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel and immune electrophoresis. Human erythrocytes previously amidinated intensely, exhibit a restricted motility of membrane particles and cross-linked hemoglobin. Intensely amidinated erythrocytes are resistant against distilled water, and they do no longer agglutinate. The findings presumably indicate an increased permeability of the amidinated red cell membrane. The glycolytic activity was found to be normal in moderately amidinated erythrocytes. In comparison with normal red blood cells, previously moderately amidinated erythrocytes of the rat become sequestered more quickly after re-injection into the vascular system. PMID- 52579 TI - [Further improvement of the ACD-AG protective solution for blood. II. Behavior of the oxygen affinity of preserved blood in ACD-AG medium and in a protective solution with addition of pyruvate and xylitol and elevated Ph values]. AB - The present paper deals with the behaviour of the oxygen transport function as well as the 2.3 DPG and ATP levels of erythrocytes during the storage in an ACD AG solution. In the ACD-AG blood in P 50 fell from 20mm of Hg to values of 12 mm of Hg within 4 weeks of storage. The 2.3 DPG content had already fallen to values below 10% within a fortnight. Additions of xylitol (10 mM in the blood) and pyruvate (0.3 mM in the blood) will delay the decrease of P 50 and the 2.3 DPG content. Concerning the ATP behaviour there was no significant difference between ACD-AG blood and that with additions of xylitol and pyruvate. Up to a storage of a fortnight stored blood in the ACD-AG solution of xylitol and pyruvate will be equal to ACD-AG fresh blood as far as the parameter of oxygen transport function is concerned. PMID- 52580 TI - [Further improvement of the ACD-AG protective solution for blood. III. Improvement of the oxygen transport function of erythrocytes in sorbitol xylitol pyruvate solutions with elevated Ph]. AB - If the pH value in the ACD or in the ACD-AG storage solution is enhanced, the glucose in the autoclaving with undergo a caramelizing process. For this reason glucose was replaced by sorbite in the storage solutions with a pH value of 6.0 and additions of xylitol and pyruvate. The initial pH value in the blood amounted to 7.3. The content of 2.3 DPG of the erythrocytes remained fully preserved in the blood with sorbitol and additions of xylitol and pyruvate during the first 2 weeks of storage and decreased to 30% only in the third week. There were only slight amounts of 2.3 DPG in the ACD-AG blood at that time of storage. Up to the third week of storage the ATP content of erythrocytes as well as the haemoglobin level in the plasma revealed no essential differences between stored blood with sorbitol and xylitol as a substrate or glucose + xylitol respectively. The quick decrease of the ATP level to zero and the simultaneous strong increase of haemolysis in the sorbitol blood within the fourth week of storage is discussed in connection with a lowering of the NAD/NADH2 quotient. For the purpose of keeping the 2.3 DPG level of erythrocytes a storage solution with sorbite and xylitol (ASCX-AG-Pyr 10mM) seems to be well suited for a storing time of 2---3 weeks at first. PMID- 52581 TI - A new abnormality of platelet functions. Association of storage pool disease (thrombocytopathia A) with impaired reactivity of platelets to collagen. AB - Multiple platelet abnormalities were found in a patient with bleeding symptoms. The platelet content of ADP and PF 4 was decreased and the uptake of 14C serotonin was impaired. The content of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase was, however, normal and these enzymes were normally released or made available by bovine fibrinogen or ADP. There was no adhesion of platelet to collagen, which also failed to induce reptilase clot retraction, platelet aggregation and release of any of the platelet constituents. The platelets therefore exhibited signs of thrombocytopathy of a combined type with a decreased storage pool as well as a qualitative dysfunction with impaired reactivity to collagen. PMID- 52582 TI - [Methodological studies on the immunologic determination of proconvertin (factor VII)]. AB - The influence of the different determinations of factor VII activities on the determination of the concentrations of the immunoreactive factor VII in the neutralizing test according to Good-Night were re-examined. The measurement of activity was performed with Seitz filtered cattle plasma as a complex proof of factor VII and X and with a specific artificial deficiency plasma. The examinations had the following results: In the plasma of healthy grown-up people there is a considerable, apparently physiologic range of dispersion of the immunoreactive concentration of factor VII within its normal activity which can be traced irrespective of the used measurements of activity. In plasma samples with a decreased activity of factor VII the values of measurement of the complex evidence will surpass those of the specific determination. The extent of neutralizing the activity in factor VII is not only dependent on the antibody concentration, but will mostly depend on the antibody-antigen relation. The findings obtained prove that the natural deficiency plasma of factor VII used in the original method of Goodnight can be replaced by an artificial substrate plasma. PMID- 52583 TI - [Progressive necrosis of the humerus head in syringomyelia]. PMID- 52585 TI - Audio-visuals for the small hospital medical staff. PMID- 52584 TI - Intermittent hyperthyreosis -- a heat stress syndrome. AB - Intermittent hyperthyreosis occurs under various forms of stress, especially heat stress. The clinician may diagnose such cases as masked or apathetic hyperthyroidism or "forme fruste" hyperthyreosis or thyroid autonomy. As most routine and standard tests may here yield inconsistent results, it is the patients' anamnesis which may provide the clue. Our Bioclimatology Unit has now seen over 100 cases in which thyroid hypersensitivity towards heat was the most prominent syndrome: 10-15% of weather-sensitive patients are affected. The patients complain before or during heat spells of such contradictory symptoms as insomnia, irritability, tension, tachycardia, palpitations, precordial pain, dyspnoe, flushes with sweating or chills, tremor, abdominal pain or diarrhea, polyuria or pollakisuria, weight loss in spite of ravenous appetite, fatigue, exhaustion, depression, adynamia, lack of concentration and confusion. Determination of urinary neurohormones allows a differential diagnosis, intermittent hyperthyreosis being characterized by three cardinal symptoms: 1. tachycardia -- every case with more than 80 pulse beats being suspect (not specific); 2. urinary histamine -- every case excreting more than 90 mug/day being suspect. Again the drawback of this test is its lack of specificity, as histamine may also be increased in cases of allergy and spondylitis; 3. urinary thyroxine -- every case excreting more than 20 mug/day T-4 being suspect. This is the only specific test. Therapy should make use of lithium carbonate and beta blockers. Propyl thiouracil is rarely required. PMID- 52586 TI - Sequential Q- and Acridine orange-marker technique. AB - A standardized Q- and acridine orange (AO)-fluorescence dual marker technique was described. It involved preservation of unstained chromosome slides in a vacuum desiccator up to 18 months, Q-staining, destaining, and treatment in Hanks' solution, pH 5.1, at 85 degrees C for 13 min, and acridine orange staining. Q markers were found at the paracentromeric regions of chromosomes 3 and 4, the short arms and the satellites of the acrocentric chromosomes, while AO-marker spots were on the satellite-stalks of the acrocentrics. The advantage of the dual marker technique was illustrated by the determination of the origin of trisomy 22 in a spontaneous abortus. PMID- 52587 TI - Variation in human acrocentric chromosomes with acridine orange reverse banding. AB - Twenty-five normal subjects were studied by acridine orange reverse (RFA) banding in order to obtain a preliminary estimate of the type and frequency of variations in color and length. Color variations were classified into 1 of 6 colors and size variations into 1 of 5 levels. The same cells were also studied by Q banding. Acridine orange reverse banding was found to be more useful than Q banding for characterizing variations in chromosomes 14, 15, 21 and 22. In addition, it was found that there was no consistent relationship between pale or bright Q banding and the various colors observed with RFA banding. For the optimal characterization of a chromosomal variation, multiple banding technics, including RFA banding, are necessary. PMID- 52588 TI - Biochemical tests in the diagnosis of cancer. PMID- 52589 TI - [Immunosuppression mediated by antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - Until quite recently, it was generally believed that antibody-mediated immunosuppression is purely effected by virtue of covering up antigenic determinants in the periphery of the immune system, thus preventing any contact of the antigen with immunologically competent cells within the central parts of the immune system. But this conception was not able to give a plausible explanation of experimental data obtained during the last years. It was therefore repeatedly postulated that the passively administered 7S antibody may have a "central" effect, whereby both B- and T-cells were considered as target cells. The experimental data available are discussed in connection with the possible consequences for the administration of antibodies in man. PMID- 52590 TI - [Nature, character, occurrence, and demonstration of hepatitis B antigens (author's transl)]. AB - The morphological, chemical and physical properties of HBAg suggest that the 42 nm component of the antigen, the Dane particle, represents the agent of viral hepatitis B. Its core contains a circular, double stranded DNA, a DNA polymerase and carried HBc-Ag. HBc-Ag is localized on the 21 nm particle, the tubular structures and the surface of the Dane particles. At least 8 different subdeterminants of HBs-Ag could be distinguished by means of specific animal anti sera. HBs-Ag activity was demonstrated in almost all body fluids and excreta. The results of combined histologic, fluorescent and electronmicroscopic studies suggest ath HBc-Ag is localized in the liver cell nucleus and that HBs-Ag is found in the cysterna of the smooth endoplasmatic reticulum of the hepatocytes. The demonstration of HBs-Ag and the specific DNA polymerase in the serum indicate a hepatitis b virus infection with persistent reproduction of the agent, while demonstration of anti-HBs indicates that the infection has been overcome. The clinical importance importance of anti-HBc is controversial. PMID- 52591 TI - [Morphological characteristics and pattern of hepatitis B antigen expression in liver tissue in acute and chronic forms of hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Immunofluorescent and electron microscopic methods allow the localization of hepatitis virus B-components at the cytologic and histologic level. The acute and chronic forms of viral hepatitis are re-evaluated in the light of these new findings. In HB-Ag-positive hepatitis four types of correlation between the expression pattern of HG-Ag components and different forms of hepatitis are recognized which are of diagnostic and prognostic relevance (elimination type, immunosuppression type, aggression type, and carrier type). The correlation between antigen expression, persistence of infection and type of inflammation seems to reflect the specific immune state towards the hepatitis B virus. PMID- 52592 TI - Molecular complementariness and serological specificity. PMID- 52593 TI - Conformational stability of antigenic determinant sites of bovine liver catalase. PMID- 52594 TI - Reflections on some aspects of the chemistry in immunochemistry: molecular discrimination and determination. PMID- 52595 TI - The immunological properties of pyruvate kinase. I: Mammalian erythrocyte enzymes. PMID- 52596 TI - Physical studies of tissue anaphylaxis. PMID- 52598 TI - Ragweed allergen Ra5: a new tool in understanding the genetics and immunochemistry of immune response in man. PMID- 52597 TI - Studies on immunoglobulin E: the impact of a sojourn with Professor Dan H. Campbell at Cal-Tech. PMID- 52600 TI - The chemical characterization of a major allergen of timothy pollen. PMID- 52599 TI - Purified low molecular weight fractions of timothy pollen extracts: immunochemistry and immunogenic activity in the monkey. PMID- 52602 TI - Reagin mediated hypersensitivity: the ascaris model. PMID- 52601 TI - Conversion of nonimmunogenic low molecular weight ragweed components to immunogens for induction of homocytotropic antibody. PMID- 52603 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen-identification of a tri-N-acetylchitotriosyl type structure as an immunodeterminant group. PMID- 52604 TI - Tumor localization of radiolabeled antibodies raised by a mouse plasma cell tumor. PMID- 52605 TI - Studies on tumor antigens of the Walker 256 carcinosarcoma. PMID- 52607 TI - Present capabilities and future prospects of high resolution immunoelectron microscopy. PMID- 52606 TI - Specific fractionation and manipulation of lymphocytes with derivatized nylon fibers. PMID- 52608 TI - The nature of processed antigens in immune responses. PMID- 52609 TI - Induction of allergic encephalomyelitis using hydrosoluble adjuvant and the tryptophan region of myelin basic protein. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis has been induced in guinea pigs using the encephalitogenic tryptophan peptide as antigen and a hydrosoluble adjuvant extracted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. hominis, strain H37Ra. The maximum response was observed using 100mug of adjuvant per animal. This is a quantity of adjuvant substantially higher than was necessary to induce disease utilizing the whole myelin basic protein as antigen. PMID- 52610 TI - Contact sensitivity in mice measured with thymidine labeled lymphocytes. AB - An ear assay was used to detect delayed responses in mice. Animals were sensitized and subsequently injected with 3H thyminedeoxyryribose to label antigen sensitive cells. Each animal was given a control and a test ear challenge and the respective responses were assessed by scintillation counting of 3H in cells which had accumulated at the reaction site. Delayed responses were consistently observed in animals sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) but not in animals sensitized to sheep red blood cells. Reactivity to DNCB was minimal in tolerant animals and animals sensitized to the control agent. Both peritoneal exudate and spleen cells of antigen-sensitized animals were found to contain more label than cells from non-sensitized animals. PMID- 52611 TI - Antigen-induced inhibition of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. IV. Studies of the C-terminal end of the myelin basic protein molecule (1). AB - The C-terminal end of the myelin basic protein (BP) molecule (peptide 117.170) was obtained by cleavage with BNPS-skatole, and purified by gel filtration. Peptide 117-170 from guinea pig BP induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats, whereas the corresponding peptide from bovine BP was inactive. Neither peptide showed more than trace activity when tested in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs and rats treated with peptide 117-170 in incomplete Freund adjuvant were not rendered unresponsive to EAE induced by subsequent challenge with an encephalitogenic emulsion of BP in complete Freund adjuvant. Indeed, peptide-pretreated rats tended to develop clinical EAE significantly earlier than untreated controls. PMID- 52612 TI - Influence of molecular structure on the tolerogenicity of bacterial dextrans. I. The alpha1--6-linked epitope of dextran B512. AB - Native dextran B512 is a near-linear glucose polymer with 96 per cent alpha1--6 and 4 per cent alpha1--3 linkages and a molecular weight (mol. wt) of 8 X 10(7). Sheep RBC sensitized with its O-stearoyl derivative (prepared by a modified method) have been used satisfactorily in direct PFC assays. B512 immunizes BALB/c mice optimally with doses of 1--10 mug and produces B-cell tolerance with 1 mg upwards. The specificity of the response determined by PFC inhibition analysis, is directed towards an alpha1--6-linked epitope. High dose tolerance is not preceded by immunity and is stable on cell transfer to irradiated recipients in which responsiveness becomes perceptible after 4--6 weeks. Progressive depolymerization of this polysaccharide reduces immunogenicity and tolerogenicity, both of which are extinguished when the mol. wt falls to 2 X 10(4). Optimal immunization with B512 is succeeded by partial tolerance (previously characterized by analogous levan experiments as a B-cell exhaustion process). The tolerance threshold dose of B512 is reduced 1000-fold during immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide. PFC inhibition studies supported the contention that tolerogenicity of polysaccharides is influenced by their overall binding capacities. A direct relationship between inhibitory and tolerogenic activities was found both with B512 fractions of varying mol. wt and with heterologous dextrans. The similarities between B512 and levan argue against the association of a highly branched structure with greater tolerogenicity. The effect of reducing the percentage of alpha1--6 linkages in dextrans suggests, however, that epitope density probably plays a contributory role in determining the outcome of interaction between polysaccharides and B cells. PMID- 52613 TI - Influence of molecular structure on the tolerogenicity of bacterial dextrans. II. The alpha1--3-linked epitope of dextran B1355. AB - Dextran B1355 is a branched glucose polymer containing 57 per cent alpha1--6, 35 per cent alpha1--3 and 8 per cent alpha1--2/1--4 linkages. Direct PFC responses to B1355 can be measured with sheep RBC sensitized with its O-stearoyl or palmitoyl derivative, and, as shown by inhibition analysis, are specific for an eptiope which is dependent on alpha1--3 linkages. B1355 is a potent immunogen in BALB/c mice producing peak PFC levels which approach 10(6) per spleen following an optimal dose of 1 mg. By contrast, the alpha-1--3-linked epitope of B1355 is feebly tolerogenic, for even 10 mg still induces a strong initial response. Mice given 1--10 mg sustain PFC levels 1--2 log10 above background for several months, but do not respond further to restimulation. Full recovery is attained by their spleen cells within 1 week of transfer into irradiated recipients. Deeper tolerance to this epitope was attained in vivo only when these larger doses of B1355 were injected during cyclophosphamide suppression. Two exceptions to this weak tolerogenicty were found. First, BALB/c spleen cells developed durable partial alpha1--3 tolerance following 2-hour incubation with B1355 in vitro. Second, CBA mice were fully tolerized by doses of 1 mg upwards. It is argued from these and other data in the accompanying papers that the relative resistance of BALB/c mice to induction of alpha1--3 tolerance is explicable neither as part of a more general phenomenon based on macrophage activity nor as due to an inadequate epitope density. A possible explanation based on features of the genetically determined high alpha1--3 responsiveness of BALB/c B cells is discussed. PMID- 52614 TI - Influence of molecular structure of the tolerogenicity of bacterial dextrans. III. Dissociation between tolerance and immunity to the alpha1--6- and alpha1--3 linked epitopes of dextran B1355. AB - Dextran B1355 induces a direct PFC response detectable with dextran B512 sensitized red cells which is directed towards an alpha1--6-linked glucose epitope. This response is distinguishable from the alpha1--3-linked specificity assayed by homologous sensitization in that: (a) it is totally suppressed in donors previously rendered tolerant of B512; (b) the PFC are sensitive to inhibition by B512 and isomaltohexaose. The alpha1--6 epitope of B1355 is less immunogenic in BALB/c mice than that with alpha1--3 linkage, inducing a lower amplitude of response and requiring a 100-fold greater minimal dose, while conversely, it is the more effective tolerogen. No alpha1--6-specific response develops in 50 per cent of mice given 10 mg of B1355 and all become totally unresponsive within 14 days. This tolerant state remains stable when spleen cells are transferred to irradiated recipients. By comparison, parallel depression of the alpha1--3 response is not great and rapidly lost by similar transfer. No correlation was observed between the levels of alpha1--6 suppression and alpha1- 3 response induced by 10 mg of B1355 in individual mice. The dissociative aspects of the responses to these two epitopes present on the same molecule are discussed in relation to some current theories of B-cell tolerance induction. It is argued that the present findings are contrary to those models which attribute a causal role to mitogenic overstimulation or failure to generate an extrinsic 'second signal'. PMID- 52615 TI - Specificity of the antibody response in inbred mice to bovine type I and type II collagen. AB - Mouse antibodies to soluble bovine skin (type I) collagen react with determinants which are located in the rigid triple-helical portion of the antigen and become destroyed upon unfolding the molecule. Helical antigenic determinants are dependent on the genuine chain assembly, e.g. alpha[1(I)]2alpha2. Artefactual triplehelical structures of the composition [alpha1(I)]3 or [alpha2]3 or a genetically distinct type II collagen from cartilage showed no or only weak cross reactivity. Pepsin treatment of type I collagen known to remove short, non helical sequences at both ends of the molecule had virtually no effect on antigenicity and immunogenic activity. A radioimmunoassay failed to detect antibodies in three congenic resistant mouse strains immunized with denatured type I collagen. These strains had been previously classified as high or low responders to native type I collagen. Agglutination titres vs denatured collagen culd already be demonstrated in nonimmune sera. The agglutinating activity was labile against heating at 56 degrees and could not be increased by immunization. Two out of five inbred strains showed a high response against pepsin-dissolved bovine type II collagen with the chain composition [alpha1(II)]3. Lack of correlation in the responder state to both collagen types indicated control by different immune response genes. Antibodies to type II collagen also reacted against triple-helical antigenic determinants and showed neglible cross-reaction with type I collagen. PMID- 52616 TI - Studies on the control of antibody synthesis. VII. Change in affinity of direct and indirect plaque-forming cells with time after immunization in the mouse: loss of high affinity plaques late after immunization. AB - The change in avidity of anti-hapten antibody with time after immunization was studied in mice at the level of the antibody-forming cell. A progressive increase in avidity was seen in both direct and indirect plaque-forming cells. Late (38 days) after immunization with a large dose of antigen there was a preferential loss of high avidity plaque-forming cells and the average avidity decreased. High avidity memory cells were still present since boosting resulted in the prompt appearance of very high avidity plaque-forming cells. There was a strong positive correlation between the avidity of the direct and the indirect plaque-forming cells present in the same spleen. A pattern of change in avidity and heterogeneity of avidity similar to that observed with intact animals was seen in lethally irradiated mice reconstituted with normal spleen and thymus cells. PMID- 52618 TI - Cell co-operation and hapten--carrier complexes. AB - The co-operation of spleen cells of carrier- and hapten--carrier-primed mice in antibody formation against the hapten part of complexes was studied in 550 rad whole body irradiated mice. Hapten--carrier complexes were prepared with the 2,4 dinitrophenyl group (DNP) as a hapten and heterologous bovine serum albumin (BSA) and isologous mouse immunoglobulin (MIg) as carriers. Priming of donor mice with carrier alone did not prepare for a secondary (IgG) response in the recipients of hapten--carrier. Priming of donors and challenge of recipients with the same hapten--carrier complex resulted in high IgG responses. Whereas donor and recipient immunization with complexes differing in the carrier did not give a secondary response, addition of cells of donors immunized with the carrier of the complex used for challenge, resulted in a secondary response. This was only possible when at least one of the complexes had an intermediate hapten:carrier ratio. Only an IgM or a low IgG response was obtained if both complexes had a high hapten:carrier ratio. Three determinants, namely hapten and carrier groups and new antigenic determinant (NAD), are suggested for antibody formation against hapten--protein complexes. In vivo treatment of donor cells with anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) or anti-plasma cell serum (APCS) and complement (C) suggested that: (1) T-cell epitopes are present on the carrier; (2) DNP groups are B-cell epitopes; (3) NAD and possibly DNP are T-cell epitopes; (4) synergism exists in the collaborative antibody response of B cells recongnizing DNP, T cell recognizing carrier and T cells recognizing NAD. Mitomycin treatment of donor cells was used to test whether cell division was mandatory. While the B cells were sensitive to mitomycin treatment, no effect of this drug was found on the helper activity of T cells. PMID- 52617 TI - The potentiality of antibody-producing cells. II. Evidence for two antibody molecules of different specificities secreted by micromanipulated bispecific mouse spleen cells. AB - Bispecific PFC appearing on the 4th day after immunization of mice with sheep erythrocytes conjugated with trinitrophenyl hapten (TNP-SRBC) were identified by their capacity to lyse native SRBC and TNP-conjugated horse erythrocytes (TNP- HoRBC) simultaneously in an open carboxymethylcellulose medium. Individual PFC thus detected, were micromanipulated into two successive media containing the indicators SRBC and TNP--HoRBC. Out of 103 transferred double cells ninety-two (89 per cent) remained double in the second medium and of the ninety-two transferred into the third medium, fifty-four (58 per cent) provoked a double lysis, eighteen (19 per cent) provoked a single lysis and twenty (23 per cent) ceased to lyse. On the other hand, when the second medium contained the indicators and the soluble specific inhibitor (TNP--BSA), out of 156 transferred double PFC, 125 (80 per cent) became single and only nineteen (12 per cent) remained double. Of these cells, 136 were transferred into the third medium (not containing inhibitor) and here again sixty-five (48 per cent) became double, forty-nine (36 per cent) remained single and twenty-two (17 per cent) ceased to provoke any lysis. Other double PFC were micromanipulated from the original revealing medium into two successive media containing only one indicator and the homologous (second medium) or the heterologous third medium) soluble inhibitor (TNP--BSA or soluble SRBC antigen), in order to see whether a soluble inhibitor suppresses only the corresponding specific lysis. Out of 186 double PFC transferred into the media containing the indicator and the corresponding inhibitor 147 (79 per cent) were specifically inhibited, whereas out of 176 double PFC transferred into the third medium (in which about 20 per cent of the cells cease to function) containing one indicator and the unrelated inhibitor, 117 (66-6 per cent) lysed the indicator in spite of the presence of the unrelated inhibitor. Since a specific inhibitor suppresses the lysis of the corresponding indicator, whereas its presence does not interfere with the lysis of the unrelated indicator in the majority of double PFC, it can be concluded that these cells secrete two types of antibody molecules possessing different specificities. PMID- 52619 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein in serum and amniotic fluid in the diagnosis of neonatal hepatitis syndrome, Indian childhood cirrhosis, cystic fibrosis, ataxia telangiectasia and spina bifida. PMID- 52620 TI - [Long term tolerance of highly dosed infusions of hydroxylethylstarch and dextran 60 in normovolemic rabbits]. AB - Normovolemic rabbits were administered 50 ml of 6% hydroxyethyl starch in saline, 6% dextran 60 in saline solutions 5 days a week over a period of 3 weeks. Only 2 rabbits of the hydroxyethyl starch or the dextran treated series and 4 rabbits of the saline series survived 3 weeks. In all 3 series large amounts of fluid in the serous cavities and edema of the lungs due to the overload of fluid have been observed. Severe hydropic changes were found in the liver and kidneys of the hydroxyethyl starch and dextran treated series, but not after prolonged administration of saline alone. According to the findings presented there is no difference between the effects due to the prolonged administration of extremely high doses of hydroxyethyl starch and dextran 60. PMID- 52621 TI - The Duffy blood group system: a review of recent developments. AB - Five antigenic specificities are associated with the Duffy blood group system. Fya, Fyb, By3 and Fy4 are under the genetic control of a locus near the centromere of chromosome 1. Fy5 is absent from Fy (a-b-) red cells and also from cells that have the Rhnull phenotype. It appears that interaction between Duffy and Rh gene products may be necessary for synthesis of Fy5 antigen. Most Caucasians have a Fya or Fyb gene (or both), inherited by strict Mendelian principles. No evidence has been found to suggest that independently segregating Duffy modifying genes exist. The frequency of Duffy genes varies greatly in different sections of the world population. Aboriginal populations have a high frequency of Fya, Fyb is the most common gene in European Caucasians, and Negroes have a high frequency of an allele named Fy. Anti-Fya is the most common Duffy antibody and is found most frequently in the serum of Caucasians immunized by blood transfusion. The Fya antigen is about 40 times less immunogenic than K antigen of the Kell system. Only about one anti-Fyb serum is found foe every 20 that are anti-Fya. The Fya and Fyb red cell antigen receptors are inactivated by proteolytic enzymes but not by neuraminidase. Sialic acid does not appear to be an essential component of the antigen structure. Duffy antigens appear to be thermolabile membrane proteins and they are not present in a soluble form in plasma or in body secretions. PMID- 52622 TI - [Serological identification of carcinospecific antigens (and their significance as donor screening or for specific groups of diseases)]. AB - Alpha-1-fetoprotein is an example of a circulating, measurable tumor product of diagnostic and therapeutic value. The involvement of its synthesis could be a result of a premalign cellular change in cell biochemistry. Contrary to the synthesis of trophic hormones in certain undifferentiated neoplasms, alpha-1 fetoprotein in hepatoma is specific for the organ origin of the tumor. Unlike the immunoglobulins in myeloma or the corticosteroids in adrenocortical tumors, it is a protein that normally can be synthetized in the fetus only. The purpose of the present paper is to discuss a new method for testing serum samples of blood donors being suspected of an alpha-1-protein by means of counterelectrophoresis. The diagnostic value is shown in a blood donor who could be singled out as a suspect of primary liver carcinoma only by means of serological testing. PMID- 52623 TI - Immune complexes in the spleen. Replacement of immune complexes trapped in spleen follicles by new immune complexes from the circulation. AB - The fate of intravenously injected 125I-BGG-anti-BGG in the spleen of mice was studied using autoradiography. Part of the labelled immune complexes was trapped in the follicles of the spleen as could be expected. In a first experiment it was found that injections with unlabelled immune complexes were followed by a partial release of the labelled immune complexes from the follicles. In a second experiment unlabelled immune complexes retained in spleen follicles appeared to inhibit the trapping of intravenously injected labelled immune complexes to some degree and for some time. The conclusion was drawn from these experiments that immune complexes, which normally remain in part of the lymphoid follicles for a long period, may be replaced by new immune complexes from the circulation. This seems important since trapping in lymphoid follicles of antigen complexed by antibody is the only known mechanism by which small amounts of antigen may be preserved in the body for a long time after the initiation of antibody production. The bulk of antigen and antigen-antibody complexes is removed by phagocytosis followed by destruction. It appeared also that, although all spleen follicles in the mouse spleen is able to retain the complexes for a longer time. Possible explanations for these individual differences between the follicles of one spleen are discussed. PMID- 52624 TI - Influence of surface hapten density of sheep red blood cells on the hemolytic or blocking activity of IgG antibodies. AB - The hapten density on the surface of sheep red cells, coated with benzylpenicilloic acid (BPO) was determined. This was achieved by comparison of the inhibitory capacity of the test cells with that of a standard cell preparation of known antigen density. IgG-induced hemolysis was much more affected by the recution of haptenic sites/cell than IgM-induced hemolysis. It was concluded that more than 18,000 protein islets on the sheep red cell surface bearing at least four haptenic sites were necessary for IgG-induced lysis. Target cells with 190,000 BPO groups/cell could be protected by anti-BPO-IgG against the lytic effect of simultaneously added IgM. Using target cells with 240,000 haptenic groups/cell or more a synergistic hemolytic action of IgG-and IgM-anti BPO antibodies could be observed. PMID- 52625 TI - Differential histamine release by dextran and the ionophore A23187: the actions of inhibitors. AB - Inhibitors of mast cell membrane activation reduced histamine release from rat mast cells induced by dextran and phosphatidyl serine but not that induced by the calcium ionophore A23187. Such inhibitors included cromoglycate, an orally-active anti-allergic agent 3-(5-tetrazolyl)thioxanthone 10,10-dioxide, dibutyryl cyclic 3':5'-AMP, theophylline and dicumarol. Inhibitors of mast cell metabolism reduced both types of release and these included oligomycin, papevevime, and the two uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation-alpha2,4-dinitrophenol and CCCP. Inhibition of histamine release from rat isolated peritoneal mast cells by either a mixture of dextran and phosphatidyl serine or the ionophore A23187 thus allows inhibitors of mast cell membrane activation to be distinguished from those affecting cell metabolism or the later stages of the secretory process. PMID- 52626 TI - Studies on IgE in human intestinal fluids. AB - A fragment of IgE with molecular weight of about 40,000 was identified by radioimmunoassay in human small intestinal fluid after fractionation by gel filtration chromatography. Digestion of E myeloma protein PS by pooled intestinal fluid, trypsin or chymotrypsin yielded a degradation product of similar molecular weight that probably consisted principally of epsilon 1 determinant-containing fragments. These findings suggest that IgE is secreted into the intestinal lumen and degraded there by pancreatic proteolytic enzymes, producing an enzyme resistant portion of the amino-terminal part of the Fc region. PMID- 52627 TI - Preparation of 203Pb compounds for studies on pathway and effects of lead pollution. PMID- 52628 TI - Alien histocompatibility determinants on the cell surface of sarcomas induced by methylcholanthrene. I. In vivo studies. AB - Groups of BALB/c mice were immunized to normal tissues (skin and/or liver plus kidney) of C3Hf, C57Bl/6, DBA/2 and AKR strains and challenged with either of two syngeneic 3-methylcholanthrene-induced immunogenic sarcomas, ST2 and TZ15, or with a "spontaneous" non-immunogenic BALB/c sarcoma, B2. It was found that anti C3Hf and anti-DBA/2 immune mice were significantly protected against the growth of ST2, whereas anti-AKR immune mice rejected TZ15; no protection was elicited by immunizing with normal tissues of any strain against B2, which lacked individual tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATA). The reciprocal experiment, i.e. the immunization of BALB/c mice with tumor cells and challenge with skin grafts of different strains, was also carried out with ST2 and TZ15. Accelerated rejection of all the various allogeneic skins was observed in anti-ST2 immune mice and of AKR and C3Hf skin in anti-TZ15 immune animals. In addition the Winn test demonstrated that lymph-node cells of BALB/c mice immune to C3Hf or DBA/2 tissues were specifically inhibitory for ST2, and that lymph-node cells immune to AKR tissues protected against TZ15. In a further experiment both ST2 and TZ15 tumors were left to grow in (C3Hf X BALB/c)F1, (C57Bl/6 X BALB/c)F1, (BALB/c X DBA/2)F1 and (BALB/c X AKR)F1 mice; the tumors were then excised and the "immune" mice challenged with the related tumor to measure their immune response in comparison with that elicited by the same procedure in BALB/c mice. ST2 was highly immunogenic in syngeneic BALB/c mice and in all the hybrid combinations except (C3Hf X BALB/c)F1 mice, where it completely lost its immunogenicity; TZ15 showed a certain loss of immunogenic strength in (BALB/c X AKR)F1 hybrids. It was concluded that TATA of ST2 contain antigenic determinants expressed on the normal cells of C3Hf and DBA/2 strains, and that TATA of TZ15 are likely to share antigens with AKR normal tissues. PMID- 52629 TI - Current concepts of therapy and pathophysiology in arthropod bites and stings. Part 2. Insects. PMID- 52630 TI - Antigenic variation among parainfluenza type 1 (Sendai) viruses: analysis of 6/94 virus. AB - 6/94 virus, isolated originally from a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient, was compared antigenically with related parainfluenza type 1 strains. These included two Sendai strains of mouse and two Sendai strains of reported human origin as well as the HA2 strain. By standard hemagglutination inhibition (HI) or hemadsorption neutralization (HAD-N) tests or by the complement-fixation (CF) cross-block titration test for detecting surface antigens, 6/94 virus and the Sendai virus strains were indistinguishable from each other but distinct from the HA2 strain. By the kinetic HI test, however, 6/94 virus could be readily differentiated from the Sendai viruses isolated from mice and more closely resembled those recovered from man. PMID- 52631 TI - An antigenically related tryptic polypeptide from several mammalian type C RNA virus p30s. AB - Limited tryptic digestion of p30 antigen (the major internal viral protein) of type C viruses isolated from hamster, rat, and gibbon ape yielded a polypeptide fragment with a molecular weight of approximately 10,000 daltons. Some antigenic determinants with interspecies specificity were retained on these polypeptides, which in serological tests cross-reacted with antibody produced previously against a similar fragment obtained from mouse p30. Exhaustive trypsinization resulted in further fragmentation with concomitant loss of serologic activity. The results suggest that all mammalian type C virus p30s have an antigenically related polypeptide core which is not readily digested by trypsin. PMID- 52632 TI - Auscultatory changes following ventricular extrasystoles and beta-blocking agents. PMID- 52633 TI - Uranyl-EDTA-hematoxylin: a new selective staining technique for nucleolar material. AB - This paper deals with the visualization of nuclear structures in glutaraldehyde fixed, acetic acid flattened preparations from Chironomus salivary glands, by means of an uranyl mordanting followed by hematoxylin staining. Under these conditions all the nuclear structures (bands, Balbiani rings, and nucleoli) were deeply stained. Treatment with 0.1 M EDTA for at least 30 sec after uranyl mordanting completely prevents the following hematoxylin staining in all the structures but the nucleolus. With increased EDTA extraction times (60-90 sec) the central region (composed of pars fibrosa) in spontaneously or experimentally segregated nucleoli showed the highest capacity for retaining uranyl ions. This selective staining of the nucleolar (possibly proteinic) material proved also efficient in cells from Drosophila testes and Allium roots. PMID- 52634 TI - Aldehyde bisulfite-toluidine blue (ABT) staining as a topo-optical reaction for demonstration of linear order of vicinal OH groups in biological structures. AB - The aldehyde-bisulfite-toluidine blue reaction followed by poststaining stabilization with potassium ferricyanide (ABT) is described as a topo-optical, oriented staining reaction of the vicinal OH groups of complex carbohydrates in biological structures such as polysaccharides, glycoproteins and glycolipids. The birefringence as induced by the oriented dye binding as a result of ABT is indicative of linear order of the vicinal OH groups and, in turn, provides information on the ultrastructural pattern of carbohydrate moieties in biological substances, which pattern is often not demonstrable by other ultrastructural methods. The possibilities of this new approach to the ultrastructural analysis of complex carbohydrates with ABT in a great number of biological substances is demonstrated and its practical value in histopathology discussed. PMID- 52635 TI - Suitability of the azocoupling reaction with 1-naphthyl-beta-D-glucoside for the histochemical demonstration of lactase (lactase-beta-glucosidase complex) in human enterobiopsies. AB - The suitability of the simultaneous azocoupling reaction with 1-naphthyl-beta-D glucoside and hexazonium-p-rosanilin in the detection of the activity of lactase (or lactase-beta-glucosidase complex) in jejunal biopsies of patients with various forms of the malabsorption syndrome was tested. Results were compared with those obtained with the indigogenic method using 4-Cl-5-Br-3-indolyl-beta-D fucoside which is the method of choice. Both methods gave identical results as far as the relative intensity of the brush border staining was concerned. The azocoupling method applied in unfixed cold microtome sections can be recommended for the routine diagnostics of the malabsorption syndrome when the indolyl substrate is not available. PMID- 52636 TI - The histochemical demonstration of aminopeptidase with bromoindolyl leucinamide. AB - The indigogenic method for aminopeptidase of Pearson et al. (1963) was critically evaluated. The localization obtained with it is not correct due to diffusion artifacts. Ferricyanide cannot be used as an oxidation agent. Based on experiments with other oxidation agents (phenazonium methosulfate, nitro BT, tetranitro BT) a new method was devised. The recommended incubation medium contains 0.9 mM L-N-(5-bromoindol-3-yl) leucinamide hydrobromide (chloride), 0.73 mM tetranitro BT, 0.27 mM phenazonium methosulfate and 0.67 M phosphate buffer pH 7.4. The enzyme activity is indicated by the deposition of tetranitro BT formazan. Results with this method in rat kidney, jejunum, liver, lung, and submaxillary gland, in monkey kidney and jejunum, and in human jejunal biosies are almost identical with those obtained with L-leucyl-4-methoxy-beta naphthylamide applied in a simultaneous azocoupling procedure. The given principle of the demonstration of aminopeptidase activity with an indolylamine substrate deserves a further exploration in the demonstration of peptidases "in situ" both on optical as well as electronmicroscopical levels. PMID- 52637 TI - [Histochemical and electron microscopical changes in the kidney of pregnant rats at the time of partus (author's transl)]. AB - In the convoluted proximal tubules of the kidney of pregnant rats alkaline phosphatase activity decreases from 21 days gestation till the 2nd day after birth. During the same time the reaction product of the histochemical succinate dehydrogenase assay exhibits an atypical granular character in some of the proximal tubules, which sometimes additionally contain sudanophilic structures. Electron microscopy reveals dilated mitochondria, an increased number of autophagosomes and big lipid vacuoles of low density. PMID- 52638 TI - Localization of alpha-D-glucosyl and alpha-D-mannosyl groups of mucosubstances with concanavalin A and horseradish peroxidase. AB - Concanavalin A is a lectin which is known to bind specifically to alpha-D glucosyl and alpha-D-mannosyl groups in the mucosubstances of mammalian tissues. The lectin molecule is bivalent; after its attachment to mucosubstances present in a histological specimen it can also bind horseradish peroxidase, a mannose containing glycoprotein. The attached peroxidase may then be visualized by virtue of its histochemically demonstrable enzymatic activity. Other investigators have utilized this principle in the electron microscopic localization of cell-surface carbohydrates. A histochemical technique for light microscopy is described here, along with three control procedures which establish the specificity of the method. The technique is somewhat more sensitive than earlier ones in which fluorescent-labelled concanavalin A was used, and has the additional advantages that all the required reagents are commercially available and that sacilities for fluorescence microscopy are not needed. PMID- 52639 TI - Influence of subtotal hepatectomy on peroxisomes and peroxisomal enzymes of rat liver and isolated liver cell fractions. AB - The activities of peroxisomal enzymes of rat liver were followed 1 to 10 days after subtotal (60-70%) hepatectomy in homogenates prepared from regenerating livers and in cell fractions isolated from them. Catalase activity was found to be depressed in the total liver homogenate (H) as well as in the mitochondrial (M) and soluble (S) fractions, while it did not change appreciably in the microsomal (Mc) and lysosomal (L) fractions. Alpha-hydroxyacid oxidase behaved in a similar fashion. In contrast to these enzymes, urate oxidase activity remained unchanged in H, whereas it was decreased in M and increased in L and Mc during the first 5 days after operation. These results agree well with the assumption that microbody proliferation is initiated by the fragmentation of large peroxisomes. The different relations of peroxisomal enzyme activities during regeneration time are discussed with respect to the possible existence of various kinds of peroxisomes with different enzyme equipments and with different turnover rates. Biochemical examinations ions were paralleled to morphological and histochemical studies. An early increase in number of peroxisomes was found to occur during the first day after partial hepatectomy, which is accompanied by decrease in particle size. During the first mitotic wave (24-36 hrs post op.) the number of peroxisomes per cell was reduced to about the half. After this time number and size of the particles began to increase. Positive staining of ribosomes was frequently observed in the vicinity of peroxisomes after the application of the cytochemical catalase reaction (alkaline diaminobenzidine medium). This phenomenon is interpreted to represent rather a diffusion artifact than the cytochemical identification of newly synthesized catalase. PMID- 52640 TI - The interaction of apurinic acid aldehyde groups with pararosaniline in the Feulgen-Schiff and related staining procedures. AB - The equilibrium reactions involved in the formation of the apurinic acid (APA) Schiff chromophores in the staining phase of the Feulgen-Schiff reaction do not allow a quantitative conversion of APA to these chromophores. By modification of the sulfite and dye concentrations and the pH of the staining reagents, or by using better solvents for pararosaniline like acetic acid or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) a shift of these equilibria was attempted in order to obtain a higher amount of APA-bound dye. A 40% higher absorbance, when compared with the normal Schiff-staining, was obtained in model films by staining with a saturated solution of pararosaniline in a 1:1 v/v mixture of DMSO and SO2-water, followed by rinsing in SO2-water. A doubling of the absorbance resulted in the same objects when a saturated solution of pararosaniline in a 2 M acetic acid/acetate buffer of pH 4.45 was used for staining, followed by a short rinse in SO2-water. Amino groups (as found in histones) are shown to compete with the amino groups of pararosaniline for the APA aldehydes. This effect, although causing lower staining intensities, is shown not to be the explanation for the differences in stain content found between more and less compact forms of chromatin. Depending on the pH, and dye and sulfite concentrations of the staining reagents, the following components are considered as possible contributors to the mixture of chromophores (Duijndam et al., 1973 b) formed between APA and Schiff's reagent or its modifications: 1. An acid labile component with a wavelength of maximal absorbance (lambda max) near 510 nm; its structure is probably the azomethine- CH=N--; 2. A relatively acid stable component with a high value of molecular absorbance (epsilon), an lambda max near 570 nm and possibly having an enamine structure--CH=CH--NH--; 3. A component with intermediate acid stability, low epsilon, and lambda max near 540 nm, and which is probably an alkylsulfonic acid -CH(SO3H)--NH--compound. Small differences in the staining conditions in the histochemical application of the Feulgen-Schiff reaction may cause a shift in the ratio between especially components 2 and 3, resulting in variations in stain content and in lambda max. PMID- 52641 TI - Microphotometry of rat liver nucleoproteins during the cell cycle, and comparison of diploid nuclei in the G2 period with tetraploid nuclei. AB - The following facts were established with a microphotometric investigation of isolated nuclei from rat liver in different stages of the cell cycle. During the mitotic wave occurring in the liver of newborn animals after injection of casein it was found that the naphtol yellow S (NYS) protein content of the nuclei increases about 30% during the G1-period. A second increase of around 70% was established during the S-phase whereas no increase could be observed during the G2-phase. An indication for the existence of a "critical protein mass" of the nuclei before the onset of the S-phase could be observed. The protein content of diploid nuclei in the G1-phase of adult animals is about 50% higher than in newborns. This makes it probable that there is no significant difference in the NYS-protein content of diploid nuclei in the G2-period and tetraploid nuclei of adult rats. No differences were observed between diploid nuclei in the G2-period of newborn rats and tetraploid nuclei of adult rats in their Fastgreen histon, RNA and SH plus SS content. The only criterion to distinguish between G2 nuclei and tetraploid nuclei seems to be the number of nucleoli, but this is rather unreliable. PMID- 52642 TI - [Histochemical investigations on sialic acid containing compounds in the CNS of teleosts (author's transl)]. AB - By means of histochemical experiments the qualitative (microphotographs) and quantitative (cytophotometry) distribution of sialic acid containing compounds was investigated in the mesencephalon and cerebellum of Carassius carassius. 1. The perikarya of nerve cells are especially stained by means of Azur A. 2. Nerve fibres, on the other hand, showed positive reactions with colloidal ironhydroxyd (CIH). 3. In different structures of the CNS the intensity of CIH-staining is decreased up to about 55% following treatment with neuraminidase. 4. There are no differences in the reactions of 7 degrees C as compared to 20 degrees C adapted animals. PMID- 52643 TI - An ultrastructural and cytochemical study of neuromuscular junctions in echinoderms. AB - The ultrastructure of neuromuscular junctions in various organs of a starfish and a holothurian was studied. All neurons were found to contain large (100-250 nm), dense-core vesicles. Cytochemical tests for acetylcholinesterase were negative for these neurons. The presence of proteinaceous neurosecretory material was contested by enzymatic digestion (pepsin) which did not attack the dense-core vesicles, as well as by incubation in phosphotungstic acid (PTA) which did not stain these structures. Staining with dichromate produced a positive reaction for 5-hydroxytryptamine. In the absence of synaptic modifications even after specific staining with PTA, the transmission of nervous impulses is effectuated through exocytosis of 5-hydroxytryptamine at nerve endings in the muscle tissue. PMID- 52644 TI - Distribution of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, n-acetyl-beta-d glucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase in cornea of albino rabbit. AB - Activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, N-acethyl-beta-D glucosaminidase and acid beta-galactosidase were investigated histochemically in rabbit corneas. Frozen sections after block fixation in cold 4% formaldehyde with 1% CaCl2 followed by washing in cold physiological saline as well as cold microtome sections of corneas quenched in petroleter chilled with acetone-dry ice mixture, transferred to nonprecooled slides or semipermeable membranes were used. Standard aqueous media were employed in the case of free-floating frozen sections of fixed corneas as well as of cold mictrotome sections (postfixed in cold 4% formaldehyde). Agar media were used in connection with the technic of semipermeable membranes. Gomori method (in the case of acid phosphatase), simultaneous azocoupling methods (substrates derivated of naphthol-AS-BI with hexazonium-p-rosanilin) in the case of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and the indigogenic method in the case of acid beta galactosidase were applied. Enzyme activities in sections of fixed corneas were minimal in comparison with those in cold microtome sections of unfixed material revealed particularly with the technic of semipermeable membranes which is to be preferred. This technic is recommended in studies concerned with lysosomal enzymes in the cornea, particularly in keratocytes. All enzymes investigated were present in corneal epithelium, keratocytes and endothelium. Acid phosphatase displayed the highest activity followed by beta-glucuronidase and acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase. The activity of beta-galactosidase was the lowest. For the demonstration of activities in keratocytes sections parallel to the surface are very suitable. In these sections enzyme activities were demonstrated in small granules (apparently lysosomes) present in the central part of their cytoplasm as well as in projections. Diffuse staining was also seen, being the highest in the case of acid phosphatase. PMID- 52645 TI - Effect of stabilizers on diaminobenzidine reactions of mitochondria. AB - The effect of various stabilizers--0.9% NaCl, 7.5% sucrose and 7.5% polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) on reactions of mitochondria with fresh and photooxidized diaminobenzidine (DAB) was investigated. NaCl and PVP abolished the DAB staining of mitochondria incubated without exogenous cytochrome c; NaCl, however, was ineffective when exogenous cytochrome c or oxidized DAB were present in the incubation medium. PVP considerably decreased the intensity of all reactions performed in the presence of exogenous cytochrome c or oxidized DAB. The mechanism of the observed effect is not likely to involve osmotic protection of mitochondria; extraction of endogenous cytochrome c from fresh frozen tissue by NaCl and greatly increased viscosity of PVP-containing media seem to be most probable explanations. PMID- 52646 TI - Feline infectious peritonitis with spinal cord involvement in two cats. AB - Two cats from the same household had posterior paresis and hypergammaglobulinemia. Histologic evaluation of the spinal cords revealed a pyogranulomatous reaction consistent with that reported for feline infectious peritonitis. PMID- 52647 TI - Letter: Mix-up in human and veterinary medication. PMID- 52648 TI - Revistin found by screening for inhibitors of reverse transcriptase of an oncogenic virus. AB - Revistin, a substance that strongly inhibits the reverse transcriptase activity of murine leukemia virus in our screening system, was obtained from a cultured broth of a soil streptomyces which was closely related to Streptomyces filipinensis. The assay method for the activity was based on the inhibition by a test material of the incorporation of 3H-dTMP into DNA synthesized by the reverse transcriptase of an oncogenic RNA virus. Crude revistin was isolated by serial procedures of salting out with ammonium sulfate and precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride. The crude material showed neither antibacterial nor antifungal activity. It exhibited against splenomegaly in mice caused by Rauscher leukemia virus infection. PMID- 52649 TI - Platomycins A and B II. Physicochemical properties. AB - Platomycins A and B, two new antibacterial and antitumor antibiotics were found to belong to the phleomycin-bleomycin family, being closely related to bleomycins B. The two ahtibiotics have been differentiated from all of the reported phleomycins and bleomycins. PMID- 52650 TI - Action of bleomycin on the bacteriophate T7 infection. AB - A decrease in production of bacteriophage T7 was observed in bleomycin-treated Escherichia coli B cells. Bleomycin was found to shorten the eclipse in phage growth. A T7 early gene product, the T7-specific RNA polymerase which catalyzed the transcription of late gene appeared more rapidly in the bleomycin-treated cells than in the non-treated cells. The rate of phage adsorption increased to some extent in drug-treated cells. A possible mechanism to explain the mode of action of bleomycin is discussed. PMID- 52651 TI - Effect of preparatory techniques on the gross morphology of Mycoplasma hominis. AB - A method is presented whereby cells of Mycoplasma hominis can be prepared with minimal distortion for electron microscopy. After the addition of glutaraldehyde to broth cultures, incubation is continued for 1 h. The cells are then collected by centrifugation, washed in distilled water, and used for negative-contrast preparations. PMID- 52652 TI - Energetics of the Na+-dependent transport of D-glucose in renal brush border membrane vesicles. AB - The energetics of the Na+-dependent transport of D-glucose into osmotically active membrane vesicles, derived from the brush borders of the rabbit renal proximal tubule, was studied by determining how alterations in the electrochemical potential of the membrane induced by anions, ionophores, and a proton conductor affect the uptake of the sugar. The imposition of a large NaCl gradient (medium is greater than vesicle) resulted in the transient uptake of D glucose into brush border membranes against its concentration gradient. In the presence of Na+ salts of isethionate or sulfate, both relatively impermeable anions, there was no accumulation of D-glucose above the equilibrium value. With Na+ salts of two highly permeable lipophilic anions, NO3- and SCN-, the transient overshoot was enhanced relative to that with Cl-. With Na+ salts whose mode of membrane translocation is electroneutral, i.e. acetate, bicarbonate, and phosphate, no overshoot was found. These findings suggest that only anions which penetrate the brush border membrane and generate an electrochemical potential, negative on the inside, permit the uphill Na+-dependent transport of D-glucose. PMID- 52653 TI - Determination of trenbolone and trenbolone acetate by thin-layer chromatography in combination with a fluorescence colour reaction. PMID- 52654 TI - Evidence for a specific dihydrotestosterone-binding cytosol receptor in the human prostate. AB - A technique for the demonstration of a human steroid and organ-specific prostate cytosol receptor is described. Tissue from 17 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy was incubated in Eagle's medium with 3H-testosterone (T) .06 nM following pre-incubation with an anti-androgen. The minces were homogenized and the cytosol fraction obtained. The cytosol was then fractionated on a duo-gel column of G-50 Sephadex over Bio-gel A 1.5m and fractions counted for 3H, assayed for protein and plotted graphically. Three main peaks were seen. Only the second peak (approximately 150,000 mol wt), which contained predominantly dihydrotestosterone (DHT), was significantly and reproducibly inhibited by 2.1 muM cyproterone acetate (Cyp A) pre-incubation. This inhibiton was considered a specific indicator for receptor since Cyp A at muM had little effect (less than 10%) on 3H-DHT binding to plasma. Similar results were noted for other anti androgens tested, but cortisol and etiocholanolone had no effects on 3H-5alpha DHT binding to prostate cytosol. Steroid-protein peaks for fractionated human thyroid, muscle, and spleen cytosol were not inhibited by Cyp A. Fractionated kidney cytosol contained a 3H-T-binding protein peak which was significantly decreased by Cyp A. Pronase incubation and heating at 50 C for 30 min both resulted in either a significant decrease or complete loss of receptor. Gel filtration analysis of 3H-cytosol derived from human prostate minces pre incubated with and without Cyp A, provides a relatively rapid technique for the demonstration of cytosol receptor in approximately 80% of prostates from patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. PMID- 52655 TI - Localization of T and B cells and alpha fetoprotein in hepatic biopsies from patients with liver disease. AB - Peripheral blood and hepatic tissue T- and B-lymphocyte distributions, serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations, and hepatic AFP were studied in 46 patients undergoing diagnostic percutaneous liver biopsy. The patients included 26 with alcoholic liver disease, 13 with nonalcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis, and 7 with either normal histology or minor nonspecific changes. Serum AFP was determined by radioimmunoassay and hepatic tissue AFP by indirect immunofluorescence. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes were identified by the sheep red-cell rosette technique; and B lymphocytes by fluoresceinated anti immunoglobulin antisera and IgG aggregates. Tissue identification of T lymphocytes was accomplished using an extensively absorbed rabbit antihuman thymocyte antiserum and indirect immunofluorescence; tissue B lymphocytes were identified using pepsin F (ab')2 fragments of rabbit IgG antibodies to human immunoglobulins. T lymphocytes predominanted in hepatic lymphoid infiltrates from patients with alcoholic liver disease (91+/-4%), whereas in patients with chronic active or chronic persistant hepatitis, viral hepatitis, or cryoptogenic cirrhosis proportions of T and B lymphocytic infiltrates were similar (50+/-15%). Hepatic tissue AFP was detected in 9 of 18 patients with alcoholic hepatitis; serum AFP concentration was increased in only 1 of these 9 patients. Tissue AFP was not observed in the remaining biopsy material nor were serum AFP concentrations increased. Peripheral blood T-cell numbers were significantly decreased in patients with alcoholic liver disease (P less than 0.01) and in nonalcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis (P less than 0.025). A close relationship between peripheral blood T-lymphocytopenia and hepatic T-cell infiltrates was observed in patients with alcoholic liver disease; this relationship was less apparent in patients with nonalcoholic hepatitis or cirrhosis. PMID- 52656 TI - Pre - proparathyroid hormone identified by cell - free translation of messenger RNA from hyperplastic human parathyroid tissue. AB - An 8-15S fraction of RNA isolated from hyperplastic human parathyroid tissue (primary chief-cell hyperplasia) and translated in a cell-free extract of wheat germ directs the synthesis of a protein that shares antigenic determinants and tryptic peptides with parathyroid hormone and its previously recognized immediated precursor, proparathyroid hormone. In addition, the protein contains tryptic peptides not found in proparathyroid hormone and migrates more slowly than does proparathyroid hormone on both urea-acid and urea-sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, indicating that it is more acidic and larger than proparathyroid hormone. Sequential Edman degradation of the cell-free protein, radiolabeled with [35S]methionine, for 25 cycles released [35S]methionine at cycles 1, 7, 11, and 14, indicating that the NH2-terminal peptide sequence of the protein differs from that of both proparathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone. We propose that this protein is an early biosynthetic precursor of human parathyroid hormone, pre-proparathyroid hormone, analogous to that identified recently by in vitro translation of bovine parathyroid mRNA. PMID- 52657 TI - Quantitation of G-cells in fibreoptic biopsy specimens and serum gastrin levels in healthy normal subjects. AB - The G-cells of the gastric antrum were accurately quantitated in preparations stained with an immunoperoxidase method. In 15 normal young adults the mean G cell count per unit area was 200 +/- 15-9. Serum gastrin levels were measured in 12, and all fell within the normal range (mean 59-7 +/- 5-4 pg/ml). PMID- 52658 TI - An evaluation of some commerical Romanowsky stains. AB - The staining properties of 43 commerical Romanowsky-type stains have been studied. Considerable differences in the appearance of stained blood films were observed with different batches of these stains, the staining of red cells being particularly variable. Attempts have been made to correlate staining patterns with stain composition as revealed by thin-layer chromatography and sulphated ash analyses. In this way it has been possible to define some essential requirements for satisfactory staining. PMID- 52659 TI - A preliminary study of butirosin in the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections. PMID- 52660 TI - Hippocampal innervation by serotonin neurons of the midbrain raphe in the rat. AB - The organization of the brainstem serotonin neuron projection to the hippocampal formation was analyzed in the rat. This projection arises in the raphe nuclei of the midbrain. Following destruction of the midbrain raphe nuclei, chiefly nucleus centralis superior, there is a 72% decrease in hippocampal serotonin content. Injection of tritiated amino acid into the midbrain raphe nuclei results in transport of tritiated protein to the hippocampal formation and this transport is blocked in animals pretreated by intraventricular administration of 5,6 dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT). Autoradiographic analysis indicates that the transport reaches the hippocampal formation primarily via two major pathways, the cingulum and the fornix. Cingulum fibers terminate predominantly in the dorsal hippocampus whereas the fornix distributes throughout the entire hippocampal formation. Some fibers reach the ventral hippocampus from the entorhinal area. Within the hippocampus there is dense labeling in a restricted lamina of the CA1 stratum lacunosum-moleculare with moderate labeling in stratum radiatum. Stratum oriens is sparsely labeled in CA1 and moderately so in CA2 and CA3. Stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum-moleculare are moderately densely labeled in CA2 and Ca3. The area dentata is sparsely to moderately labeled in the molecular layer and heavily labeled in a thin lamina of the hilar zone immediately beneath the granule cell layer. The remaining hilar zone is moderately labeled. All of the discrete labeling of the hippocampus and area dentata described above is absent in animals pretreated with 5,6-DHT. These observations indicate that serotonin neurons of the midbrain raphe provide a highly organized innervation of the hippocampal formation in the rat. PMID- 52661 TI - Examination of cottage cheese whey proteins by scanning electron microscopy: relationship to membrane fouling during ultrafiltration. AB - Deposits formed on the membrane during ultrafiltration of aqueous solutions of individual whey proteins were examined under a scanning electron microscope. Gamma-globulin formed granules which agglomerated and stacked into layers to form a porous matrix on the membrane. Beta-lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin both formed sheets on the membrane and formed multimers which were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Beta-lactoglobulin also formed strands where deposits were not thick. Alpha-lactalbumin formed smooth spherical particles which did not hinder water permeation greatly. Studies of ultrafiltration rate indicated that beta-lactoglobulin and gamma-globulin were most significant in causing permeation flux decline by surface fouling. PMID- 52663 TI - An efficient technique for teaching microanatomy. PMID- 52662 TI - Demonstration of an alloimmune response to embryonic enamel matrix proteins. AB - Young adult rabbits were immunized with enamel matrix proteins from embryonic tooth organs of the same strain of rabbit. These proteins elicited an alloimmune response as demonstrated by the specific binding of antiserum to enamel matrix which was visualized by indirect immunofluorescent microscopy. The labial and lingual surfaces of embryonic incisor tooth organs were found to share common antigenic determinants. The observations suggest that enamel proteins could possibly be autoantigens. PMID- 52664 TI - 1976 National Children's Dental Health Week special aids. Bureau of Dental Health Education. PMID- 52665 TI - Quantitative inhalation bronchial challenge in ragweed hay fevery patients: a comparison with ragweed-allergic asthmatics. AB - Fourteen ragweed hay fever nonasthmatic patients comparably sensitive to a group of ragweed-allergic asthmatics by skin test and leukocyte histamine release were tested by quantitative inhalation bronchial challenge with ragweed extract. The provocation dose of ragweed extract producing 35% decrease in airway conductance was determined and designated PD35. PD35 values in the hay fever patients were not significantly different from PD35 values in the asthmatic group. These data suggest that carefully performed skin tests may be as diagnostically useful as bronchial challenge in routinely confirming the allergic etiology of seasonal asthma. PMID- 52666 TI - Binding properties of the anti-HBA Ag antibody. AB - The properties of ideal HABb are defined on the basis of the results of box titrations of a random set of HBAg-positive sera with diluted human HBAb in microimmunodiffuse reaction. Ideal HBAb makes it possible to determine relative strength of antibody under test. Relative strength of antibody, together with antigenic determinants, is another criterion conditioning the determination of a HBAb standard. PMID- 52667 TI - Problems of housefly (Musca domestica) control due to multiresistance to insesticides. AB - The development of chemical control of Musca domestica on Danish farms 1945--72 is outlined. It has been strongly influenced by successive development of resistance and failure of control by one insecticide after another. The chlorinated hydrocarbons used as residual sprays failed 1947--51. Organophosphorus compounds (OPC) were widely used from 1953, first as strips impregnated with parathion and residual sprays with diazinon. Resistance to OPC was first found in 1955, diazinon was given up in 1957--59 and parathion strips failed in the early '60's. Trichlorfon paint-on baits were widelyused 1958--64 and serious resistance did not appear until 1967, induced by selective pressure of fenthion and dimethoate used as residual sprays. High resistance to the contact effect of trichlorfon now occurs everywhere in Denmark. However, trichlorfon baits are still able to kill many flies. Residual sprays with fenthion, ronnel and fenitrothion were used to some extent 1960--70, but increased resistance reducing the residual effect developed in 2--3 years. Dimethoate was used on the majority of farms 1965--72. It was very effective the first years and resistance increased slowly until 1971--72, when high to extreme dimethoate-resistance became general on Danish farms. This was associated with high resistance to other OPC for fly control, e.g. fenthion, fenitrothion, bromophos, and tetrachlorvinphos, and to carbamates, with the result that no generally effective residual sprays were available. In 1971--72 frequent treatments with synergized pyrethroids have been tried. However, the method is often expensive, and serious resistance problems have appeared on a few farms. In this situation preventive, sanitary measures to eliminate or reduce fly breeding in manure are becoming decisive again, but difficult to practise due to lack of farm labour. The extreme Danish situation is compared with those in other areas, and probable reasons for differences in resistance and control problems are discussed, as well as possibilities for strategies to reduce resistance development. PMID- 52668 TI - Immunogenic properties of modified antigen E. III. Effect of repeated injections of modified antigen on immunocompetent cells specific for native antigen. AB - It has been shown that ragweed antigen E loses its major antigenic determinants after denaturation in 8 M urea, but urea-denatured (UD) antigen and an alpha polypeptide chain isolated from the denatured molecules are capable of priming mouse T cells specific for native antigen. Weekly injections of 10mug UD antigen or alpha-chain into antigen E-primed animals depressed the ongoing IgE antibody response, whereas injections of the same dose of antigen E failed to depress the antibody response. It was found by adoptive transfer experiments that helper activity of antigen E-primed splenic T cells was depressed by the treatment of the donors with either modified antigen or native antigen E. The same treatment of antigen E-primed animals depressed the DNA synthetic response of their splenic T cells to antigen E. The treatment of antigen E-primed animals with UD antigen resulted in a decrease of antigen E-specific IgE-B cells and IgG-B cells in their spleen, whereas the treatment with native antigen expanded the B cell populations. In view of the results obtained in the mouse, cellular basis for the immunologic effects of hyposensitization treatment is discussed. PMID- 52669 TI - The effect of alloantisera on antigen-induced T cell proliferation. AB - In the guinea pig, alloantisera raised by cross-immunization of strain 2 and strain 13 animals are capable of specifically inhibiting the in vitro proliferative response of (2 X 13)F1 T lymphocytes to those antigens the response to which is controlled by Ir genes linked to the genes controlling the alloantigens against which the serum is directed. However, in similar studies performed in the two parental strains, the responses to antigens not known to be under unigenic control were also markedly inhibited by the appropriate alloantisera. We have extended our studies of this "nonspecific" inhibitory effect of alloantisera on T cell proliferation and have demonstrated that the proliferative response of strain 2 and strain 13 T cells to a large number of antigens is markedly inhibited by anti-2 and anti-13 sera, respectively. Antisera to the B alloantigen, the product of a linked but distinct histocompatibility locus, which is present in both strain 2 and strain 13 animals, also produced a marked inhibition of T-lymphocyte proliferation. A number of possible explanations for the generalized inhibitory effect of alloantisera on T cell proliferation are discussed. PMID- 52670 TI - Determinants of the hierarchy of humoral immune responsiveness during ontogeny. AB - A model system of ontogeny was utilized to investigate the development of humoral immunity in both AKR and BALB/c mice. Lethally irradiated adult mice were reconstituted with syngeneic fetal or neonatal liver. These mice were immunized at various times after reconstitution with a series of eight antigens: the bacteriophages F2, phiX-174, and T4; the hapten carrier complexes 2,4 dinitrophenyl-bovine serum albumin and fluorescein-bovine serum albumin; and the small proteins: hen egg lysozyme, sperm whale myoglobin, and bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. Subsequent antibody production to the antigens was assayed with either a direct or a modified bacteriophage neutralization technique. Individual mice responded to the various antigens in a sequential pattern which was basically the same for all mice within each strain. However, there was a marked difference between the two strains in the time at which they developed responsiveness to myoglobin. In order to begin to delineate the separate roles played by B and T cells in the generation of this hierarchical response pattern during ontogeny, the development of anti-DNP and anti-FTC activity was examined in carrier-primed mice. Results of this experiment indicated that functional B cell specificities for the two haptens arise at different times during ontogeny. Further studies are needed to determine whether the hierarchical pattern of immune responsiveness observed for the other antigens is a function of sequential appearance of B cell specificities, T cell specificities, or both. PMID- 52671 TI - Histamine release from human leukocytes: relationships between cyclic nucleotide, calcium, and antigen concentrations. AB - The antigen-induced IgE-mediated release of histamine from human basophils has previously been shown to require calcium, to be inhibited by agents which raise cyclic AMP levels and by high antigen levels, and to be unaffected by cyclic GMP. The interrelationship between these phenomena has been studied. The major findings are: 1) in the region of antigen-excess inhibition dibutyryl cyclic AMP potentiates release; 2) antigen-excess inhibition is seen at lower antigen concentrations when the calcium concentration is reduced from 0.6 to 0.1 mM; and 3) cyclic GMP modestly potentiates release when the calcium concentration is 0.1 mM. PMID- 52672 TI - Measurement of absolute amounts of antigen-specific human IgE by a radioallergosorbent test (RAST) elution technique. AB - A technique for the absolute quantification of antigen-specific human IgE is described. It employs elution of a calculable amount of antigen-specific IgE from an allergosorbent-antibody complex by means of alkaline pH treatment, followed by measurement of the IgE content of the eluate with a modified radioimmunosorbent test (RIST). With this method IgE antibody directed against the benzylpenicilloyl determinant of penicillin (BPO) was measured quantitatively in sera from seven penicillin allergic patients. IgE specific for ragweed antigen E was measured in sera from 33 ragweed allergic patients. Values obtained for IgE anti-BPO ranged from 19 to 1806 ng/ml and comprised from 1.3 to 27.5% of total serum IgE. Values of IgE anti-antigen E ranged from 9 to 1807 ng/ml, comprising from 3 to 84% of total serum IgE. Excellent correlation (r = 0.99; p less than 0.001) was obtained for both antigen systems between values determined by the RAST elution technique and by simple RAST assay with interpolation from a reference serum of known specific IgE content as determined by the elution technique may be needed only for primary standardization of reference sera. PMID- 52673 TI - Ionophore A-23187 induced histamine release from rat mast cells and rat basophil leukemia (RBL-1) cells. AB - Ionophore A-23187 releases histamine from normal mast cells apparently by promoting Ca++ influx (Foreman et al, Nature 245: 249, 1973). In our hands at concentrations of greater than 0.2 mug/ml release occurs in 1 to 2 min, is blocked by metabolic inhibitors, and is unaccompanied by cytotoxicity (trypan blue uptake, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) release). At higher doses (0.5 mug/ml) histamine release is followed by significant cytotoxicity, but again Ca++ is required. In parallel studies, we examined cultured rat basophilic leukemia (RBL 1) cells. These cells, which apparently have normal surface receptors for IgE, contained approximately 700 ng histamine/10(6) cells but did not release histamine when IgE-mediated release was looked for. They do not respond to doses of ionophore which would be expected to give non-cytotoxic histamine release. At higher doses histamine release is preceded by progressive LDH release: LDH release is 75% complete at 5 min whereas 10 min are required for 75% maximal histamine release. This reaction requires Ca++ and is temperature dependent but is not inhibited by metabolic poisons (2-deoxyglucose, dinitrophenol, CN-). These studies suggest that either Ca++ does not enter into these cells normally or that one or more mechanisms which are ordinarily triggered by the changes in Ca++ flow are unresponsive in the RBL-1 cells. These studies also underline the importance of ruling out cytotoxicity in ionophore-induced phenomena. PMID- 52674 TI - IgE-induced release of a platelet-activating factor from rabbit lung. AB - Sensitized rabbit lung fragments release a platelet-activating factor (PAFL) after challenge with specific antigen or monospecific antibody to rabbit IgE. This release requires calcium and is less evident in lungs from rabbits producing IgG as well as IgE antibody. The PAFL released from lung stimulates the secretion of serotonin from washed rabbit platelets. PAFL is distinguishable from ADP or thrombin and has properties similar to PAF derived from basophils (PAFB). It is not, however, identical to PAFB since rabbit platelets specifically desenitized to PAF still respond by releasing serotonin if stimulated with PAFL. PMID- 52675 TI - The major histocompatibility complex of the guinea pig. I. Serologic and genetic studies. AB - Serologic and genetic studies of the antigens which comprise the guinea pig MHC have demonstrated three distinct but linked genetic regions. Antisera to the B region were raised by cross-immunization of random-bred animals; this region controls antigens B.1, B.2, B.3, and B.4 which behave as alleles at a single locus and which resemble the products of the murine D or K region genes in their tissue distribution and molecular characteristics. Cross-immunization of inbred strain 2 and strain 13 animals, both of which bear the B.1 antigen, leads to sera which identify antigens which resemble the products of the I region of the murine MHC. Specific absorption experiments have demonstrated four distinct I region antigens. In addition to the B and I regions, inbred strain 2, strain 13, and some outbred animals bear an antigen (S.1) which is the product of a third genetic region and which also resembles the murine D or K region gene products in molecular size. The results of these studies should facilitate the use of the guinea pig as an experimental model for studies of genetic control of the immune response and the function of the histocompatibility-linked Ir genes. PMID- 52676 TI - Specific tumor immunity induced with soluble materials: restricted range of antigen dose and of challenge tumor load for immunoprotection. AB - Immunogenic materials were solubilized from two methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas using 3 M KCl and were assessed for antigen activity in an immunoprotection assay. Mice which had been pretreated with a single injection of extract (0.1 to 2.0 mg protein) were challenged 10 days later with 10(3), 10(4), or 10(5) tumor cells. Optimal protection, as evidenced by survival, tumor incidence, and prolonged latent period before neoplastic outgrowth, was found after pretreatment with 0.5 mg of crude KCl extract and challenge with 10(4) tumor cells. These results further reinforce the weak nature of tumor-specific antigens as immunogens and show that only in very restricted circumstances can solubilized preparations administered without adjuvant induce immunoprotection in syngeneic hosts. PMID- 52677 TI - In vitro selection and extended culture of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. II. Mechanisms of selection. AB - Functional selection of antigen-specific T lymphocytes can be achieved by culturing thymus-dependent (T) lymphocytes from immunized guinea pigs on "monolayers" of antigen-pulsed adherent peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from nonimmune syngeneic donors. Several aspects of the in vitro selection of T lymphocyte-rich peritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PEL) were studied. It was shown that irradiated adherent PEC were equivalent to nonirradiated adherent PEC in supporting selection cultures, indicating that the lymphocytes harvested at the end of the selection culture derive from the immune donors of the PEL and not from the nonimmune donor of the adherent PEC. The relative importance of specific adherence and specific proliferation for achieving selection was determined by comparing the degree of selection obtained when nonadherent cells were discarded at 24 hr with that noted when the discard step was omitted. It was found that omitting the discard step markedly diminished the degree of selection. On the other hand, blocking proliferation with specific alloantisera after the discard step did not diminish the degree of selection, although it did diminish the cell yield. Thus, specific adherence to antigen-pulsed PEC appeared to be critical in the selection culture procedure. An estimate of the degree of enrichment obtained by the selection culture procedure was obtained by culturing selected cells in an excess of nonprimed PEL, so that auxiliary cells would not be limiting. Under these conditions, it appeared that selected cells were enrichied from 4- to 10 fold in antigen-responsive cells with respect to the initial cell population. PMID- 52678 TI - A sandwich method of enzymoimmunoassay. I. Application to rat and human alpha fetoprotein. AB - An enzymoimmunoassay (EIA) for the quantitation of soluble antigens having at least two antibody-combining sites is descirbed. This non-competitive sandwich method comprises three steps: 1) the antigen to be assayed is reacted with the antibody-coated cellulose immunosorbent, 2) the enzyme-labelled antibody is then incubated with the antigen bound to the solid phase, 3) the enzymatic activity of the immunosorbent is then measured. This activity increases with the quantity of antigen to be assayed. Examples of the application of this method to the assay of rat and human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are given. When applied to rat and human AFP, this assay gives reproducible results in the range of 10--1000 ng/ml and 3 1000 ng/ml respectively. AFP sera concentrations of normal and pregnant rats were assayed by EIA, radioimmunoassay RIA and rocket-immunoelectrophoresis (RIE). In all the cases good agreement was noted among these three techniques. Rheumatoid factor, whenever present, may interfere with the assay. However, the effect of this interaction can be eliminated. The advantages of the EIA method can be listed as follows: a) no pure antigen is required, b) the final color reaction is developed from the solid phase. This feature eliminates most non-specifically interfering factors, c) the range of the assay covers a 2 log-scale, d) only inexpensive equipment is used, e) results are obtained within 24 hr, f) sensitivity and reproducibility lie within a range comparable to that of RIA. PMID- 52679 TI - Antigen-coupled beads adherent to slides: a simplified method for immunological studies. AB - Small amounts of antigen-coupled beads adherent to object slides provide a simple, quick, economical and sensitive immunohistochemical means of detecting antibodies in serum by both immunofluorescence and immunohistoperoxidase procedures. Sensitivity increases with decreasing quantities of antigen-coupled beads, as was demonstrated in the fluorescence procedure. PMID- 52681 TI - Increased reactivity of rat alpha-foetoprotein with corresponding antiserum after 125I labelling. AB - Two rat alpha-foetoproteins (AFP) of different origin and purified according to two different techniques were labelled with 125I using an identical procedure. After labelling the reactivity of one of these AFPs was not modified whereas that of the other was markedly increased; this in spite of a greater purity made the latter unsuitable for the radioimmunoassay of rat AFP. The observed difference may be due to the technique of purification and brings additional evidence for the necessity of checking the reactivity of tracers. PMID- 52680 TI - Peritoneal macrophages as target cells for measuring virus-specific T cell mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. AB - In inbred or outbred mice lysis of virally modified cells by thymus-derived lymphocytes occurs only within a H-2 compatible system. Peritoneal macrophages provide a convenient source of syngeneic target cells. They are readily infected in vitro with LCM virus, and show high levels of specific 51Cr release when exposed to T cells from LCM immune mice. PMID- 52682 TI - Hepatitis B antibody in conventional gamma-globulin. AB - Recent lots of conventional gamma-globulin prepared from the plasma of outdated blood collected from voluntary donors in Massachusetts contain substantially more antibody (anti-HBs) to the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) than do lots manufactured from plasma collected before 1970. Variations in titer of anti-HBs may have been related in part to local variations in the incidence of hepatitis B. However, data available since 1949 suggest that one must consider whether antibody excess (anti-HBs) or antigen excess (HBs Ag) prevailed among individuals contributing to the plasma pools. The titers of anti-HBs have continued to rise since 1971, when screening of blood donors for HBs Ag became mandatory, a step which presumably resulted in the removal of much of the HBs Ag that would otherwise adsorb anti-HBs. The anti-HBs titer in gamma-globulin routinely produced in Massachusetts now equals or exceeds the titer in other lots of gamma globulin found to be effective in recent studies of preexposure prophylaxis of hepatitis B. PMID- 52683 TI - Change of hepatitis B surface antigen in patients with hepatitis during a five year period. AB - Between January 1970 and December 1974, 122 cases of acute type B hepatitis were subtyped; 66 (54%) were of the ad type and 56 (46%) were of the ay type. "Cluster" cases (from a dialysis unit) were not considered. During the first period, subtype ad predominated, whereas in the second year there was a clear predominance of the ay subtype; the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.02). In yearly periods the differences were significant between the years 1970 and 1974 (P less than 0.05), 1972 and 1974 (P less than 0.05), and 1972 and 1973 (P less than 0.05). If only patients without parenteral exposure are considered, there was clearly a shift between 1970-1972 and 1973-1974 in favor of the ay subtype (P less than 0.01). Since epidemiological factors such as injections and transfusions seem not to be responsible, it is suggested that a change of virus strain may be responsible for the different distribution of subtypes of hepatitis B surface antigen in the last year. PMID- 52684 TI - Management of thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 52685 TI - Bifunctional major histocompatibility-linked genetic regulation of cell-mediated lympholysis to trinitrophenyl-modified autologous lymphocytes. AB - Murine thymus-derived lymphocytes can be sensitized in vitro to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified autologous spleen cells (1, 2). Cytotoxic effector cells were generated which were specific for TNP-modified target cells expressing the same H 2K and H-2D serological regions as the modified stimulator cells (3, 7). Spleen cells from two C57BL/10 congenic strains of mice sharing common I-C, S, and D regions, but differing at K, I-A, and I-B regions, generated different levels of lytic responses to the shared modified H-2Dd products upon sensitization with auto logous TNP-modified cells. Lymphocytes from an F1 between responder and nonresponder strain generated a level of cytolysis toward the H-2Dd modified specificity which was of the same order of magnitude as that obtained with the high responder, irrespective of whether F 1 or either parental strain of modified stimulator cell was used. These results suggest that the modification of H-2Dd products resulted in formation of new antigenic determinants in both parental strains. However, the difference observed in responsiveness appeared to be due to a gene or genes mapping in the K, I-A, or I-B region which influenced the ability of the responding lymphocytes to react to these modified H-2Dd products. Responsiveness was expressed as a dominant trait in the F1. PMID- 52686 TI - Collaboration of allogeneic T and B lymphocytes in the primary antibody response to sheep erythrocytes in vitro. AB - This study provides a direct quantitative comparison of the helper effects of allogeneic and syngeneic rat T cells in the production of direct SRBC plaque forming cell (PFC) responses by B cells in culture. In syngeneic T-B combinations, log-log plots of the number of PFC generated after 5.5 days in culture vs. the number of T cells employed as helpers showed a linear response between 10(4) and 2.5 times 10(5) T cells added. Allogeneic T-B combinations, in which the T cells possess the capacity for reactivity to major alloantigens of the B-cell donor, showed a different dose/response relationship in which PFC responses were decreased at high T/B ratios and augmented at low T/B rations. In this system responses were detected with as few as 10(3) allogeneic T cells. Use of negatively selected allogeneic T populations, specifically depleted of mixed lymphocyte interaction (MLI) and graft-vs-host reactivity for B-cell alloantigens, as helpers gave dose/response curves quantitatively identical to responses with syngeneic T-B combinations and also with F1 T-cell parental B-cell combinations. These data indicate that rat T and B cells need not share a major histocompatibility complex haplotype in order to collaborate effectively in a primary direct PFC response to SRBC in culture. In addition, the PFC response required the combinaed presence of T and B cells as well as antigen in the cultures, a finding consistent with the two signal model of B-cell activation. Finally, the dose/response data obtained suggest the possibility that although SRBC antigen is required in the cultures helper activity with low numbers of normal allogeneic T cells may not depend on T cells having specificity for this antigen. PMID- 52687 TI - Light-sensitive swelling of isolated frog rod outer segments as an in vitro assay for visual transduction and dark adaptation. AB - Frog rod outer segments swell slowly after being shaken from an excised retina into a modified Ringer's solution. The swelling has the following characteristics: (a) It is suppressed by illumination which bleaches only 500 rhodopsin molecules per outer segment per second. This is approximately the level required to saturate the in vivo receptor potential. (b) Light suppression is seen in NaCl but not in KCl solutions. (c) Dark swelling is labile and is enhanced by calf serum, low calcium concentrations, dithiothreitol, and cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors. (d) Lowering the pH to 5.5 or removing magnesium reversibly reduces dark swelling to the same extent as illumination. (e) The amount of light required for maximal suppression of dark-swelling increases approximately 10-fold if the calcium concentrations is lowered by EGTA addition. (f) The effect of illumination is irreversibly abolished by antimycin and other inhibitors of mitochondrial electron transport. (g) A process analogous to dark adaptation in vivo can be observed: If 10-50% of the rhodopsin present is bleached and the outer segments are then kept dark, rapid dark swelling returns after a period of 15-45 min. This swelling is again sensitive to light. We tentatively ascribe the light suppression of swelling to the same decrease in sodium permeability which is observed on illuminating living receptor cells. The experiments suggest that outer segments retain their competence to perform both transduction and dark adaptation after their separation from the retina. PMID- 52688 TI - Low temperature slowing and cold-block of fast axoplasmic transport in mammalian nerves in vitro. AB - 1) Fast axoplasmic transport in mammalian nerve in vitro was studied using an isotope labeling technique. The rate of outflow in cat sciatic nerve fibers of 410 mm/day in vitro was reduced at temperatures below 38 degrees C with a Q10 of 2.0 in the range 38-18 degrees C and a Q10 of 2.3 at 38-13 degrees C. 2) At a temperature of 11 degrees C a partial failure of transport occurred. At temperatures below 11 degrees C a complete block of fast axoplasmic transport occurred, a phenomenon termed "cold-block." No transport at all was seen over the temperature range of 10-0 degrees C for times lasting up to 48 hr. 3) Transport was resumed after a period of cold-block lasting up to 22 hr when the nerves were brought back to a temperature of 38 degrees C. Some deleterious effects due to cold-block were seen in the recovery phase as indicated by a reduction in crest amplitude, change in its form, and slowed rate. 4) The approximately P level (combined ATP and creatine phosphate) remained near control level in nerves kept at low or cold-block temperatures for times as long as 64 hr. The reduction in fast axoplasmic transport rate seen at low temperatures for times up to 22 hr was therefore considered due to a decrease in the utilization of ATP, a concept in accord with the "transport filament" model proposed to account for fast axoplasmic transport. 5) The sloping of the front of the crest over the temperature range of 18-13 degrees C suggests an additional factor at the lower temperatures. A disassembly of microtubules is discussed as a possible explanation of the cold-block phenomenon. PMID- 52689 TI - A quantitative analysis of isotope concentration profiles and rapid transport velocities in the C-fibers of the garfish olfactory nerve. AB - In the olfactory nerve of the long-nosed garfish (Lepisosteus osseus), unusually well-defined isotope concentration distributions can be established with the rapid transport process. Transport velocities of two profile loci can be accurately described and a quantitative profile analysis is possible after profile normalization. Results from such studies indicate that: (1) peak amplitudes decrease exponentially as a function of distance from the olfactory mucosa according to the equation p = 2130 exp (-0.109chi); (2) the wavefront base and the peak apex loci move at rates of 221 +/- 2 and 201 +/- 4 mm/day, respectively (at 23 degrees C), revealing a peak dispersion or broadening during transport; (3) the broadening is asymmetric with material shifting to the rear of the peak; (4) plateau regions are established behind the peak with material deposited by the peak; (5) only 20% of the total radioactivity in a cut nerve reaches the nerve terminals in the rapid transport peak while 80% is deposited along the axon; (6) profile areas from cut nerves decrease and lose 15% of their activity in 20 hr, while intact nerve profiles increase 10% in 16 hr due to continued somal contribution to the profile; (7) the displacement of the wavefront base (WFB) and peak apex (PA) profile loci can be described by the functions s(WFB) = (0.055T - 0.345)t - 1.43 s(PA) = (0.053T - 0.391)t - 2.71 (8) transport velocities are linear functions of temperature between 10 and 25 degrees C and increase 370% in that range. A linear extrapolation of the WFB and PA functions to 37 degrees C yields 410 and 377 mm/day, respectively. PMID- 52690 TI - Stop-flow: a new technique for measuring axonal transport, and its application to the transport of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. AB - An apparatus was devised which utilizes local cooling to reversibly interrupt the axonal transport of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in rabbit sciatic nerves in vitro. Lowering the temperature of a short region of nerve to between 1 and 3 degrees C, while keeping the remainder at 37 degrees C, caused DBH activity to accumulate in and proximal to the cooled region. This accumulation was evident after 0.5 hr of cooling and increased in a nearly linear fashion with time for about 3 hr. The cooling-induced interruption in transport was rapidly reversed when nerves were rewarmed to 37 degrees C. Upon rewarming after local cooling for 1.5 hr, a peak of accumulated DBH activity migrated toward the distal end of the nerve at a velocity of 300 +/- 17 mm/day. This velocity was maintained for as long as the peak could be followed and was four times greater than the average velocity estimated from the rate of accumulation of DBH activity above a ligature at the distal end of these same nerves. It is concluded that ligation experiments grossly underestimate the true velocity of axonal transport of DBH and that the present technique offers great advantages in permitting direct study of the migration of separate axonal compartments of transported materials. PMID- 52691 TI - Axonal transport of RNA during regeneration of the optic nerves of goldfish. AB - The distribution of radioactive RNA and RNA precursors in the goldfish optic tecta following intraocular injection of 3H-uridine has been studied during various stages of optic nerve regeneration. 3H-uridine was injected into the posterior chamber of the right eye 17, 30, or 60 days after both optic nerves were crushed. Five were sacrificed at time intervals ranging from 0.5 to 21 days after injection. One day prior to sacrificing, 14C-proline was also injected into the right eye as a marked of fast axonal protein transport. Seventeen to 23 days after crushing, the approximate time of nerve reconnection, the amount of radioactive RNA appearing in the left optic tectum was increased by more than ten times control values. Approximately 30 days after crushing the nerve, when the reconnected nerve is maturing, RNA values were still elevated, but significantly decreased from the earlier stage. By 60 days after crushing the optic nerve, the amounts of RNA in the left tectum was close to normal. Evidence suggesting that, at least, some of the radioactive RNA in the tectum originated from RNA transported along optic axons rather than from RNA synthesized locally in the tectum was provided by autoradiographic experiments. Autoradiograms of paraffin sections taken from the goldfish optic tecta after the intraocular injection of 3H-uridine showed a distribution of grains in a linear pattern, suggesting a distribution over the incoming fibers during the reconnection stage of regeneration. Electron microsocpic autoradiography of glutaraldehyde fixed epoxy sections confirmed that a significant number of grains (shown to be 3H-RNA) were, in fact, over regenerating optic axons. Intracranial injection of 3H-uridine, during the same stage of regeneration, on the other hand, resulted in a distribution of grains, specifically over cell perikaprya. These experiments suggest that during the reconnection phase of nerve regeneration, large amounts of RNA may be carried within regenerating optic axons as they enter the optic tectum. PMID- 52692 TI - Effect of hypocholesterolemic drug AY9944 on cultured nervous tissue: morphologic and biochemical studies. AB - The effects of different concentrations of the hypocholesterolemic drug AY9944, an inhibitor of delta7-reductase, on organotypic cultures of fetal mouse spinal cord, were studied by light and electron microscopy. Exposure to 10(-6)M produced no observable changes. After 6 hours exposure to 10(-4)M, dense membrane-bound inclusions were occasionally observed in neurons. After 24 hours exposure to 10( 4)M, numerous cytoplasmic inclusions occurred in neurons, glia and macrophages. The form of these inclusions varied but were predominantly of two types; concentric, loosely-packed lamellae resembling membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB) of Tay-Sachs disease and irregular dense bodies. They were identical to those observed in our previous in vivo study. Prolonged exposure to the drug at 10(-4)M caused an increased number of inclusions in all cell types. Eventually the cultures degenerated. The number of inclusions increased for at least 38 days following a 2-5 day exposure to AY9944 at 10(-4)M. However, by 70 days, although inclusions persisted, the cultures were mostly astrocytic. In long-term cultures, in addition to these inclusions, curved or straight electron-dense paired profiles were seen in some cells, presumably macrophages. Biochemical analysis of cultures exposed to 10(-4)M revealed the continuous presence of delta7, 24 cholesta-diene-3beta-ol and 7-dehydrocholesterol even after the drug wa removed from the cultures. In our previous animal experiments, intracytoplasmic inclusions and abnormal sterols with a double bond at the 7 position disappeared quickly after discontinuation of the drug. Therefore, the results obtained in our present in vitro experiments are different in this regard from the in vivo studies of AY9944. PMID- 52693 TI - [Blood flow and oxidative metabolism of the brain in patients with dementia (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate how the blood flow and oxidative metabolism of the brain was changed in dementia and the influence of the age factor. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in 115 patients aged from 40 to 83 years by means of the Kety-Schmidt technique with the modification of Bernsmeier and Siemons. The cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen and CO2 were determined by the van Slyke method and by gaschromatography respectively and of glucose and lactate by standard enzymatic methods. All cases of dementia due to head injuries, cerebral infections, cerebral infarctions, exogenous or endogenous intoxications or circulatory diseases were excluded from this study, but no classification of the dementias was made. Statistical calculations were carried out by means of the analysis of variance for a two-way design. Cerebral blood flow did not show a normal distribution curve but was at least triphasic; CBF in demented patients was either lower than normal, normal or higher than normal. The distribution curves showed further that a low cerebral blood flow of mean 32.5 ml/100 g min coincided with a low CMR oxygen of 2.50 ml/100 g min; however, CMR glucose was either low (2.50 mg/100 g min), or nearly normal (4.50 mg/100 g min) or elevated (7.50 mg/100 g min). A normal (45.0 ml/100 g min) or enhanced (62.5 ml/100 g min) CBF correlated with a CMR oxygen which was either decreased to 2.75 ml/100 g min or increased to 4.75 ml/100 g min; CMR glucose was either decreased to 1.50 mg/100 g min, or nearly normal (4.50 mg/100 g min), or was elevated to 6.50 and 10.50 mg/100 g min with respect to the peaks of the distribution curves. It is assumed that the variability of the findings with respect to the blood flow and oxidative metabolism of the brain in dementia is due to different pathophysiological and pathobiochemical disturbances in the brain. A significant influence of age on CBF and metabolism in patients with dementia was not found. PMID- 52694 TI - [Indications for stereotaxic neurosurgery of patients with multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - The long-term results of 12 stereotaxic operations on 11 multiple sclerosis patients with incapacitating intention tremor were evaluated and compared with the experiences of other authors. The selection of the patients, the criteria applied for the success and the length of the follow-up period influenced the reported results. Considering not only the relief of the intention tremor but the overall performance after the operation only a certain group of patients seemed to profit by neurosurgical treatment. Applying this criterion of overall performance and evaluation only 3 out of 11 patients in our series had real benefit from the operation. The reasons for this small number of good or moderate results are given with brief discussion of some of the cases. History, course and fatal outcome of one patient are presented in detail together with the neuropathological findings. According to the literature and the limited number of our own cases the following indications for stereotaxic operations on MS patients can be established: 1. Tremor and hyperkinetic movements should be the dominant features of the symptomatology. 2. The overall performance should be essentially improved by the operation. 3. Patients in the terminal stage of the disease gain little from the procedure, whereas patients with longstanding more benign course are the best candidates. PMID- 52695 TI - [Migraine and the vestibular apparatus (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty patients with simple or ophthalmic migraine had an otoneurological examination. 13% complained of vertigo during attacks of migraine, 17% of giddiness and 6.7% of tinnitus. The usual tests for equilibrium were normal. On electronystagmographical examination 17% of the patients showed only pathological spontaneous nystagmus, 33% only disturbances of caloric response and 7% a combination of both. Audiological testing was normal. The incidence of vestibular disturbances, particularly sensitivity differences of the labyrinths, was significantly greater in the group of patients with migraine than in a control group of 30 healthy persons (P less than or equal to 0.025). On the average, the sensitivity differences, in terms of duration of reactive nystagmus, were greater for these than for the healthy persons (P less than or equal to 0.01). Patients with vestibular disturbances did not show a greater frequency of pathological EEG readings than patients with normal vestibular function. Some hypotheses concerning the pathogenesis of vestibular symptoms as found in migrainous patients are mentioned. PMID- 52696 TI - [Orbicularis oculi reflexes and evoked response of orbicularis oris muscle in Bell's palsy. A prognostic study (author's transl)]. AB - In 84 patients with idiopathic, clinically complete Bell's palsy the electrically induced blink reflexes with their two components (OOR I and II) were electromyographically recorded on both sides using skin electrodes. In 67 of these patients the evoked responses of the orbicularis oris muscle were also studied. The latencies and amplitudes were measured and related to the clinical outcome of the facial paralysis. The patients were divided into two groups, one with good recovery of the palsy (46 patients), the other with significant residual paresis and/or strong associated movements of the facial musculature (38 patients). In the group with good recovery the following results were obtained: 1. the OOR I remained elicitable or reappeated during the first 12 days after the onset of palsy; 2. the OOR II began to rise during the first 10 days of palsy; 3. the amplitude of the orbicularis oris response did not decrease to below 10%. In the group with poor recovery: 1. both components of the OOR were absent or diminished to below 4% for more than 12 days after the onset of palsy; 2. the latency difference of the OOR I exceeded 8 msec; 3. the amplitude of the orbicularis oris responses decreased to below 10%. Using these criteria it appears to be possible in about 85% of patients to make a prognosis between the 3rd to 5th and the 10th to 12th day after the onset of Bell's palsy. PMID- 52697 TI - Polyradicular neuritis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - The case of a patient with a pluripotential immuneproliferative syndrome is reported. She suffered from Hashimoto's thyroiditis with secondary cold agglutination disease and from polyradicular neuritis. Polyradicular neuritis with albumino-cytological dissociation in the CSF had developed chronically and improved only when corticosteroid therapy was begun. Based on this case report fundamental considerations concerning the pathogenesis and therapy of Landry Guillain-Barre-tstrohl syndrome are discussed. PMID- 52698 TI - Late infantile metachromatic leucodystrophy (MLD). Clinical and diagnostic evaluation in a typical case. AB - A typical case of late infantile MLD is presented with all available clinical, morphological and biochemical results. The diagnostical value of the different parameters is evaluated and the pathogenesis of the disorder discussed. In spite of successful experimental enzyme substitution in cultured MLD fibroblasts with restitution of function by added Arylsulfatase, the therapeutic possibilities for the fatal disease in the patients are extremely limited. PMID- 52699 TI - Chemical and biologic properties of isolated radiolabeled bleomycin preparations. AB - Cobalt-57-bleomycin is a diagnostically useful radiopharmaceutical, but little is known about the nature of its individual fractions in regard to their metal binding capacity and their in vivo distribution. Bleomycin was separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) into four major components. These were labeled and the distribution studied in tumor-bearing rats at 2 and 24 hr. In vivo radiochemical purity was also determined. Of the nine HPLC systems studied, Porasil A eluted with a mobile phase of 0.3% ammonium formate in methanol gave the best separation of the fractions. These fractions were copper free and retained their biologic activity and purity. An in vitro competitive binding study of 57Co-bleomycin with either 57Co-human serum albumin (HSA) or 57Co ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) showed the labeled bleomycin to be a strong chelate. The biologic distribution in tumor-bearing rats showed significantly higher concentration in tumors at 2 hr for fractions A2 and B2 as compared to the bleomycin mixture. The other fractions, A1 and demethylA2, gave lower tumor concentrations than the bleomycin mixture. The tumor-to-blood ratios for A2 and B2 were not significantly different from the bleomycin mixture, suggesting that the concentration of the bleomycin in the tumor was related to blood concentration. Tumor-to-blood ratios of greater than 10:1 at 2 hr were achieved for A2, B2, and the mixture; ratios of greater than 31:1 were achieved at 24 hr for all three. From these data it appears that the major components A2 and B2 are the most useful for diagnostic tumor imaging. PMID- 52700 TI - Some experience with 57Co-labeled bleomycin as a tumor-seeking agent. AB - Bleomycin labeled with 57Co was used as a tumor-localizing agent in 132 patients. In patients with pulmonary tumors the primary localization concentrated radioactivity in 52 of the 54 appropriate cases; out of the 22 clinically known metastases, 19 were visible on the scan; 40 unknown metastases especially in hilus and mediastinum were found by the method and subsequently confirmed. In 22 patients with malignant lymphomas, 18 out of 22 known pathologic lymph glands above the diaphragm were visible on the scan; below the diaphragm the results of scanning in lymph glands and spleen were disappointing, probably because of the disturbing concentration of radioactivity in the kidneys, the bladder, the liver, and sometimes the gut. In 25 patients with various other tumors, 16 out of 22 known localizations above the diaphragm were visible; 2 were uncertain and 4 negative. Below the diaphragm the results were usually negative. In 24 patients with benign lesions, uptake of 57Co-bleomycin was visible on the scintigram in 4 patients with cavitating pulmonary tuberculosis, in 2 with pulmonary infections, in 1 with Caplan lesions of rheumatoid arthritis in the lung, and in 1 with sinusitis ethmoidalis. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 52701 TI - Enzyme histochemical studies on the formation of hyalin bodies in the epithelium of odontogenic cysts. AB - Frozen sections of eight odontogenic cysts, including one keratocyst, were incubated to show the following enzyme activities: NADH2 diaphorase, NADPH2 diaphorase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase. The disbribution of lipid was shown by the oil red 0 method. The activities of all three oxidative enzymes were strongest in epithelial cells bordering hyalin bodies and in basal cells in the epithelial lining. Hydrolytic enzyme activity was absent from all but the most superficial epithelial cells but was present in macrophages and, in lesser amounts, in granular material in the same sections. The granular material frequently contained lipid. The lack of hydrolytic enzyme activity in bordering epithelial cells is inconsistent with the theory that hyalin bodies form from degenerating blood vessels. High aerobic oxidative enzyme activity in the same cells also conflicts with the concept that the bodies are a keratinous product. The findings lend support to the theory that hyalin bodies are an epithelial secretion. PMID- 52702 TI - Antigens of the Kell blood group system on neutrophils and monocytes: their relation to chronic granulomatous disease. AB - KX, an antigen related to the Kell blood group system, is present in trace amounts on normal red cells and is strongly active on the neutrophils of all of 50 persons thus far tested. Normal circulating monocytes are now shown to also bear KX determinants. Absence of neutrophil KX has been associated with all of three previously tested patients with chronic granulomatous disease. In this study two male siblings with CGD also have been shown to have KX negative leukocytes, and white blood cells from their heterozygous mother were found to have a reduced competency to absorb anti-KX. Five CGD boys are known to lack KX; the probability of this occurring by chance is greater 10(-6). PMID- 52703 TI - The effect of endotoxins and enzymes in vitro on the release of gingival histamine. AB - Gingival samples removed from fifteen Beagle dogs were sectioned into small pieces, parts of which served as the uncultured piece; the remaining pieces were organ cultured for four hours at 37 degrees C in MEM control, compound 48/80, endotoxins, protease, collagenase, hyaluronidase, trypsin and chymotrypin media. Uncultured and cultured tissues and spent media were analyzed spectrofluorometrically for histamine content. The uncultured gingiva contained a mean of 2.80 mug histamine/g of tissue and was considered to contain 100% total histamine available for release. The percentages of histamine released into the medium were 5.4% for culture control, 57.3% for compound 48/80, 5.4% for endotoxins, 77.3% for protease, 16.1% for hyaluronidase, 24 for collagenase, 39.3% for trypsin, and 36.5% for chymotrypsin. When compared to the culture control, all test substances showed statistically significant histamine release (P less than 0.005 to P less than 0.0005) except for the endotoxins and for hyaluronidase (P greater than 0.05). The results demonstrate (1) that gingiva contains a potential source or reservoir of histamine, presumably in mast cells, and when appropriately challenged in vitro can release this histamine; (2) no direct effect of endotoxins on histamine release in vitro, (3) that all enzymes tested except hyaluronidase resulted in significant histamine release. The results of this in vitro study support a thesis that enzymes are active in the early events of gingival inflammation. PMID- 52704 TI - On the pharmacology of Org 6338 (2beta, 16beta-dipiperidino - 5alpha - androstan 3alpha - ol acetate dimethobromide), a new steroidal neuromuscular blocking agent. AB - Org 6368 is a homologue of pancuronium bromide. Its interactions with other agents in the cat sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius muscle preparation revealed that paralysis was of the non-depolarizing type. This was confirmed in experiments using avian muscle. Org 6368 is a potent muscle relaxant being 2-4 times as potent as (+)-tubocurarine in the cat. Paralysis in the cat is rapid in onset and of appreciably shorter duration than that of pancuronium and (+)-tubocurarine. Repeated injections of the same dose of Org 6368 show no cumulative effect. Muscle relaxant doses generally cause a slight increase in both blood pressure and heart rate. Although its histamine-releasing capacity is greater than that of pancuronium it is less than that of (+)-tubocurarine. Org 6368 shares with pancuronium a very weak effect on both the muscarinic receptor and ganglionic transmission. Differences in the muscle relaxant profiles of Org 6368 and pancuronium are discussed. PMID- 52705 TI - Preliminary investigations of intrinsic and extrinsic optical activity as purity criterion for human serum albumins. AB - Induced circular dichroism measurements were made to follow the binding of four acidic drugs to two lots of crystalline and two lots of fraction V human serum albumins. The magnitude of the induced circular dichroism varied with all lots of albumin, suggesting a strong sensitivity of the phenomenon to small changes in purity or secondary structure of the albumins. The circular dichroism of the albumins themselves showed much less variation. The more classical analytical techniques of UV absorption, measurement of absorption following methyl orange binding, gel electrophoresis, and ultracentrifugation were also performed on the albumins for comparison. PMID- 52706 TI - Fluorocarbon aerosol propellants. VII: Interaction studies with human and bovine globulins using partition coefficient method. PMID- 52707 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on histamine metabolism in scorbutic guinea-pigs. AB - 1. In guinea-pigs fed an ascorbic-acid-free diet, as the ascorbic acid levels decreased the histamine levels in blood and urine rose steadily to maxima in about 10-12 days. The elevated histamine levels persisted in the blood and urine of scorbutic guinea-pigs and the histamine levels in lung, gastric mucosa and spleen also increased. The increased histamine content of the urine, blood and other tissues in the ascorbic-acid-depleted condition could be brought back to normal levels by administration of a single dose of ascorbic acid 5 mg/100 g body wt. guinea-pig. 3. The drop in the elevated histamine level was not due to an indirect effect of ascorbic acid on histamine forming capacity, histaminase activity or histamine release. PMID- 52708 TI - Phagocytosis and the gamma globulin monolayer: analysis by particle electrophoresis. PMID- 52709 TI - Antiglobulins in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - An immunoadsorption technique was used to investigate the presence of antiglobulin factors in 28 patients with ankylosing spondylitis and 30 healthy individuals. Both groups were "sero-negative" by standard agglutination techniques. Whereas the controls were consistently negative, 18 of the 28 patients with ankylosing spondylitis had antiglobulins of the IgG class. PMID- 52710 TI - Large-scale aerial treatment of an endemic area with Abate granular larvicide to control black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and suppress Leucocytozoon smithi of turkeys. PMID- 52711 TI - Letter: Multimedia instruction. PMID- 52712 TI - RAST: a new method for the diagnosis of allergy. PMID- 52714 TI - Specificity and distribution of antigenic determinants on the polyoma virus capsid and nature of the reaction of immunoglobulin G antibody with the capsid surface. PMID- 52713 TI - Growth-dependent regulation in production and utilization of acetylated ribosomal protein L7. PMID- 52715 TI - Antibodies as probes for detection of conformational changes in proteins. A model study with the alkaline phosphatase of Escherichia coli. PMID- 52716 TI - Isolation of an endogenous C-type RNA virus from Mus musculus molossinus. AB - We isolated a type-C RNA virus from the Japanese field mouse, Mus musculus molossinus. M. musculus musculus and M. musculus molossinus are two different subspecies of Mus and thus only distantly related. The virus grew only on cells foreign to the host, was xenotropic, and readily rescued the murine sarcoma (MuSV) genome from a normal rat kidney cell line transformed nonproductively by the Harvey strain of MuSV. The virus banded at a density of 1.16 g/ml and contained an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. PMID- 52717 TI - Oncofetal protein accompanying irradiation-induced small-bowel adenocarcinoma in the rat. AB - A tumor-associated protein was found in tissue derived from an X-irradiation induced adenocarcinoma in the small bowel of the rat. The protein was associated with the cell membranes of the tumor tissue. It shared common antigenic determinants both with a rat fetal protein and a perchloric acid-soluble protein isolated from the serum of the tumor-bearing rat. PMID- 52719 TI - Lymphoid leukosis in chickens chemically bursectomized and subsequently inoculated with bursa cells. AB - Lymphoid leukosis (LL), a neoplasm of the bursa-dependent lymphoid cells of the chicken, was induced by Rous-associated virus-1 in susceptible chickens. Cyclophosphamide (CY), which destroyed the lymphoid elements of the bursa of Fabricius and abrogated humoral immunity, prevented LL. Concomitantly, osteopetorosis and other neoplasms increased. Transfer of bursa cells from chickens into CY-treated hatchmates restored immune competence. Birds whose B cell functions were reconstituted died of LL and were less likely to die of osteopetrosis and other neoplasms than were CY-treated chicks. These results suggested that the bursa cell transferred into the CY-treated chicks were the target cells for lymphoid leukosis transformation. PMID- 52718 TI - Autogenous immunity to endogenous RNA tumor virus: reactivity of natural immune sera to antigenic determinants of several biologically distinct murine leukemia viruses. AB - Sera from normal (C57BL/6XC3H/Anf)F1(B6C3F1) mice reacted with several biologically distinct murine leukemia virus(es) (MuLV) by radioimmune precipitation assays with the use of purified tritiated leucine-labeled virus. The reactivities of this natural antibody to viral envelope antigens of two laboratory strains (Rauscher and Moloney) and two endogenous mouse C-type viruses (AKR and BALB:virus-2) were further analyzed and compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Similar patterns of antibody reactivities to AKR MuLV and the two member viruses of the Friend-Moloney Rauscher group were found. Three major antigenic determinants of the virus envelope, gp71, gp43, and p15, were recognized by and precipitated natural antibody. In all viruses examined, normal B6C3F1 sera precipitated comparable amounts of gp71 and gp43. However, compared with the other viruses, the amount of p15 (relative to the glycoproteins) precipitating from BALB:virus-2 was significantly lower. This appears to be due to a lesser amount of p15 on the xenotropic virus. While heterologous antisera to purified gp71 and p15 of MuLV reacted to a certain degree with rhabdomyosarcoma virus 114 and rat leukemia virus, natural mouse antibody did not. These results suggest that MuLV have common antigenic determinants recognized by natural antibody, and that the reactivities of natural antibody in an autogenous immune response are restrictive in contrast to immune antibody produced in a heterologous host. PMID- 52721 TI - Tumor-associated antigens in isoantigenic variants of a 3-methylcholanthrene induced sarcoma. AB - A sarcoma was induced in an (A.CA X A.BY)F1 mouse. Two isoantigenic variants were selected by loss of one H-2 antigen. The tumor-associated transplantation antigens (TATA) of these variants were compared as to their specificities in (A.CA X A.BY)F1 mice. Both transplantation and indirect membrane immunfluorescence tests revealed that TATA of both variants did not cross-react. Thus selecting angainst different H-2 antigens also selected different TATA. Karyotype studies suggested that both variants originated from a unique clone. PMID- 52720 TI - Multiple in vitro mechanisms of tumor cytotoxicity demonstrated in the line-1 guinea pig hepatoma model. AB - The line-1 guinea pig hepatoma was used to study in vitro tumor cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity was determined by measurement of the loss of tritiated thymidine labeled target cells from culture vessels. With this technique, we demonstrated that significant tumor cytotoxicity was caused by lymphoid cells from tumor immune guinea pigs, by cells from guinea pigs immunized against an antigen urelated to the tumor target, and by cell-free supernatants rich in lymphocyte mediators. Addition of normal peritoneal exudate cells enhanced the cytotoxic potential of a small number of highly purified immune lymphocytes, which suggested that recruitment of normal cells is an additional mechanism of tumor cell death in this system. PMID- 52722 TI - Temperature-dependent rosette formation by mouse lymphoma cells as a result of viral hemadsorption. AB - Cells from several mouse lymphomas formed rosettes with nonsensitized foreign erythrocytes through C-type virus particles clustered on the cell surface in serum-free medium held at 4 degrees C. This type of rosetting was found most typically in a lymphoma induced by Rauscher leukemia virus in tissue culture (RD 12), but it also occurred in 23 of 61 spontaneous thymic lymphomas in AKR mice. Chemically or X-ray-induced leukemias and spontaneous reticulum cell sarcomas did not form rosettes. The nature of the rosette formation may be interpreted as viral hemadsorption, with a possible relationship to hemagglutination by murine leukemia viruses. The receptor on virus particles was trypsin sensitive and showed high affinity to serum inhibitors (RIF). Serum rosette-inhibiting activity was assessed by a quantitative rosette inhibition test; rosette inhibition proved widely distributed among species. Physicochemical properties of serum RIF and their function both in vivo and in vitro were described. Rosette formation with similar temperature requirements, previously reported in a mouse lymphoma carrying membrane-bound heterophile cold hemagglutinin, was readily distinguished from viral hemadsorption by its insensitivity to mouse serum RIF. PMID- 52723 TI - Alloantigen expression of a rat Moloney sarcoma. AB - Cells of a brown Norway (BN) rat Moloney sarcoma (MST) failed to express certain BN alloantigen specificities and bound only about 30-50% the amount of labeled alloantibody bound by normal BN spleen cells. MST cells lacked antigen specificities shared by BN and WF rats, but expressed some of the antigen shared by BN and AUG rats. Further loss of alloantigens that occurred with prolonged in vitro culture was associated with reduced virulence of MST cells for syngeneic hosts and with increased expression of tumor-associated antigens. The LEW rats, which are resistant to MST cells, might have rejected the tumor on the basis of factors other than Ag-B antigens. PMID- 52724 TI - Host range studies of FLOPC-1 murine myeloma C particles. AB - The host range of the C particle produced by FLOPC-1 myeloma cells, FLOPC-1 murine myeloma-associated virus (FL-MuMAV), was assessed in terms of its ability to productively infect and/or induce new viral antigens in a variety of different cell lines. Production of C particle-like structures by cells exposed to FL MuMAV) was determined by incorporation of [3H]uridine into particles with a density of 1.16 g/ml and/or measurement of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity in concentrated culture medium. to FL-MuMAV was capable of infecting NIH/3T3, normal rat kidney (NRK) cell, BALB/c 3T3, and the A31 clone of BALB/3T3 cells but not rabbit cell line, SIRC. Thus, it is an N, B-tropic murine virus as replication in NRK cells has been shown not to delineate a group of murine viruses with a separate host range (M. M. Lieber, C. J. Sherr, and G. J. Todero, 1974). Further neoantigens, reactive with anti-FL-MuMAV serum, were detected on infected cells. Production of the MuMAV-like particle and MuMAV-associated cell antigens in infected NIH/3T3 and NRK cells persisted for three subcultures. The limited production could not be explained by the lack of an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase or high-molecular-weight RNA as the particles possessed both of these properties. The particles produced by infected NIH/3T3 or NRK cells were antigenically and physicochemically similar to FL-MuMAV and not K-MuLV. The MuMAV like particles produced by infected NIH/3T3 were capable of limited replication in NIH/3T3 and and BALB/3T3 cells, whereas NRK-MuMAV replicated for a limited period in NIH/3T3, NRK, and SIRC cells; i.e., they had a different host range than FL-MuMAV. The particles produced by infected BALB/3T3 and A31 cells had the same host range as FL-MuMAV. In certain situations, isotopically labeled particles with a density of 1.16 g/ml were produced which appeared to lack RNA dependent DNA polymerase. PMID- 52725 TI - In vitro transcription of DNA from the 70S RNA of Rous sarcoma virus: identification and characterization of various size classes of DNA transcripts. AB - DNA transcripts, ranging from 1,500 to 4,500 nucleotides in length, can be identified in the DNA product synthesized in vitro by the Rous sarcoma virus associated RNA-directed DNA polymerase. Although these DNA transcripts are considerably larger than the size classes of the DNA product previously reported, they only represent a minor proportion (less than 5%) of the total DNA synthesized in standard reaction mixtures containing rate-limiting concentration of one of the four deoxynucleoside triphosphates. However, the proportion of these larger transcripts relative to the total DNA product increases substantially when the enzymatic synthesis of DNA is performed in the presence of equimolar concentrations of deoxynucleoside triphosphate precursors. Both rate zonal sedimentation in alkaline sucrose and nucleic acid hybridization techniques have confirmed the length and genetic complexity of these larger DNA transcripts. The identification of large DNA chains in the DNA product synthesized in vitro by the avian oncornavirus RNA-directed DNA polymerase provides an explanation for the paradox that exists between the limited number of primer sites per 70S RNA genome, the small size of the bulk of the DNA product, and the extent of the Rous sarcoma virus genome represented by the DNA product. PMID- 52726 TI - Surface structure of Uukuniemi virus. AB - Uukuniemi virus, grown in chicken embryo fibroblasts, has been studied by electron microscopy using negative staining, thin sectioning, and freeze-etching techniques. The spherical virus particle measures about 95 nm in diameter. Its envelope consists of a 5-nm thick membrane covered by 8- to 10-nm long surface projections. These are composed of two polypeptides species of about the same size. Both of them can be removed by digestion with the proteolytic enzyme thermolysin except for a small fragment. The enzyme-treated particles are smooth surfaced and extremely deformable. The glycopolypeptides are clustered to form hollow cylindrical morphological units, 10 to 12 nm in diameter, with a 5-nm central cavity. Both negative staining and freeze-etching suggest that these units are penton-hexon clusters arranged in a T = 12, P = 3, icosahedral surface lattice. The membrane to which the surface subunits are attached is probably a lipid bilayer as evidenced by its double-track appearance in thin sections and the tendency of the freeze fracturing to occur within it. The strand-like nucleoprotein appears from thin-sectioning results to be to a large part located in a zone underneath the membrane. PMID- 52727 TI - Transrectal ultrasonotomography of the prostate. AB - New equipment for transrectal ultrasonomography has been developed. Wth this equipment an excellent cross-section picture of various intrapelvic organs is easily obtained. Diagnostic application of the technique is particularly significant for abnormalities of the prostate because the shape of the prostate cannot be revealed by x-ray. Diagnostic criteria for prostatic disease are described, with the demonstration of typical cases. In a test by well trained physicians the diagnostic accuracy of the new technique was more than 80 per cent. Ultrasonotomography provided for precise measurement of prostatic size. Transrectal ultrasonotomography is a promising new diagnostic technique that yeilds abundant information not available with former methods of examination. The procedure is likely to become one of th most important diagnostic tools in the field of urology. PMID- 52728 TI - Radiologic detection and prostatic carcinoma by double contrast retrograde urethrocystography. AB - A method of radiologic visualization of the male urethra especially for detecting prostatic carcinoma is reported. This method is called double contrast retrograde urethrocystography and is similar to that of Flocks in combining air cystography and retrograde urethrography but it differs in the manner of making the exposure. In our method the exposure is made with the patient in an exaggerated Trendelenburgs position to allow the contrast medium injected into the bladder to accumulate at the dome. Thus, in the urethrocystogram obtained by this method, the bladder neck and the prostatic urethra immediately adjacent to it are always clearly visualized unlike that obtained by conventional retrograde urethrography, evacuation cystourethrography and sometimes even the method of Flocks, in which these regions are prone to be covered and masked by the contrast medium injected and accumulated in the bladder. Therefore, with our method the radiological detection and differentiation of the malignant lesion involving these regions are more accurate and definite. From our clinical experiences the mode of compression and displacement caused by benign prostatic hypertrophy is continuous and regular, while that caused by prostatic carcinoma is interrupted, irregular and with moth-eaten and granular defects. Four cases are reported. PMID- 52729 TI - Editorial: The Karen Ann Quinian case. PMID- 52730 TI - Symptomatic care of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - Until a definitive treatment is found for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, there will continue to be a need to provide symptomatic care. Experience with caring for a large number of patients has proved that symptomatic therapy can be based on rational principles. Treatment should be limited to procedures that are simple and low-cost, with low risk of serious morbidity. When all remedies fail, the physician can still provide a comforting presence and foster a dignified death. PMID- 52731 TI - Cherchez la chienne. Erythropoietic hypoplasia after exposure to gamma-benzene hexachloride. PMID- 52732 TI - Immunochemical studies of lipids. IV. Chemical modification of Forssman globoside and immunological activities. AB - N-deacylated and N-deacetylated Forssman globoside obtained from Forssman globoside by partial alkaline hydrolysis had no Forssman activity. After re-N acetylation of the N-deacylated and N-deacetylated Forssman globoside, the N acetylsphingosyl Forssman oligosaccharide thus obtained recoverd its activity. Moreover, after ozonolysis and reduction of the N-acetylsphingosyl Forssman oligosaccharide, the 2-N-acetoamido-1,3,4-trihydroxybutanoyl Forssman oligosaccharide thus obtained still had a haptenic activity, but couldn't show a precipitin reaction with Forssman antibody. On the other hand, the Forssman globoside and the N-acetylsphingosyl Forssman oligosaccharide gave rise to precipitin line on agar gel double diffusion, it was thus concluded that the aqueous solution of these substances formed spherical micelles to behave like a fairly macromolecular multivalent antigen. PMID- 52733 TI - Mechanism of histamine release by alpha-chymotrypsin from isolated rat mast cells. AB - Alpha-chymotrypsin (CT) was modified chemically and physically by the treatments with diisopropyl fluorophosphate, L-(1-tosylamide-2-phenyl) ethylchloromethylketone, hydrogen peroxide and heat. After these treatments, CT lost or decreased both the enzymic activity and ability of releasing histamine from rat mast cells. Ca++ was essential for histamine release by CT, while it enhanced only slightly the enzymic activity. Process of histamine release by CT could be separated into two stages: CT-dependent but not Ca++-dependent, and Ca++ dependent but not CT-dependent. The activated state of mast cells produced by CT decayed rapidly at 37 degrees C in the absence of Ca++, but these cells responded to Ca++ by adding CT once again, suggesting reconstitution of cell membrane structure affected by CT. Isoproterenol, epinephrine, prostaglandin E1, and dibutyryl-cyclic AMP (0.01-0.1 mM) did not inhibit release of histamine induced by CT. Neither theophylline (0.01-0.1 mM) alone nor the combinations of these cyclic AMP-active agents with theophylline inhibited the release of histamine. But, in the presence of papaverine (0.01-0.1 mM) a marked, dose-dependent inhibition was observed. These data suggest that 1) release of histamine by CT from rat mast cells is causally related to its hydrolytic activity, 2) this activity causes a reversible change on mast cell membrane which probably facilitates Ca++-influx through the cell membrane, and 3) there are subtle differences among CT, compound 48/80 and antigens concerning the effect of cyclic AMP-active agents in histamine-releasing mechanisms in mast cells. PMID- 52734 TI - [Study of atrio-ventricular conductivity in patients with ischemic heart disease by recording electric potentials of the bundle of His]. AB - Data concerning the recording of the depolarizing complex of the atrioventricular bundle during cardiac catheterization in patients with the ischaemic heart disease are presented. The elements of the His's bundle electrogram and the intervals characterizing the atrioventricular conductivity are analysed. In 12 patients, among the total 16 examined ones, selective coronary angiography revealed certain changes in the proximal portions of the coronary arteries. In the presence of distinct changes in the coronaries with a subtotal or total stenosis of the major coronary arteries the changes in the atrioventricular conductivity may be lacking. In 2 of the 12 patients conductivity disorders were revealed in the His-Purkinje section. The recording of the His's bundle electrogram permitted to precise the localization of the ectopic rhythms in some cases. PMID- 52735 TI - [Complications of palliative treatment of cancer of the cardia]. PMID- 52736 TI - [Use of antistaphylococcal gamma globulin in burns]. PMID- 52737 TI - [Effect of treatment of atherosclerosis with Bogomolets' serum on the indicators of blood coagulation]. PMID- 52738 TI - [Comparison of gas chromatography and the spectrofluorometric method in the analysis of catecholamines in biological media (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 52739 TI - [Determination of pregnanediol and pregnanetriol on a thin layer]. PMID- 52740 TI - [Method for determining the volume of extracellular fluid]. PMID- 52741 TI - [Clinical and experimental measurement of the total osmotic pressure of the blood serum (plasma)]. PMID- 52742 TI - [Peripheral blood changes in healthy men under different climatic and geographical conditions]. PMID- 52743 TI - [Content of formed elements in the blood taken from different vessels]. PMID- 52744 TI - [Comparison of some hematological indices of capillary and venous blood]. PMID- 52745 TI - [Cytological characteristics of the changes in breast cancer cells under the action of radiotherapy]. PMID- 52746 TI - [Analysis of the negative results of the cytological diagnosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 52747 TI - [Cytological characteristics of different histological forms of endocervicitis]. PMID- 52748 TI - [Functional state of the biliary system in healthy young schoolchildren and in those ill with chronic cholecystocholangitis]. PMID- 52749 TI - [Micromethod for determining the enzymatic properties of microbes of the genus Neisseria]. PMID- 52750 TI - [Experience in using aminopeptide for preparing a selenite broth in practical laboratories]. PMID- 52751 TI - [Use of a furagin medium for isolating Pseudomonas pyocyanea]. PMID- 52752 TI - [Comparative study of nutrient media for detecting Shigella in food products]. PMID- 52753 TI - [Medium for determining the decarboxylase activity of vibnions]. PMID- 52754 TI - [Procedures for selecting the ingredients to increase nutrient medium electiveness]. PMID- 52755 TI - [2 simple methods of preserving and storing bacteria]. PMID- 52756 TI - Apparatus for the staining and destaining of polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 52757 TI - Hypercalcemia and neoplasia. Biologic, biochemical, and ultrastructural studies of a hypercalcemia-producing Leydig cell tumor of the rat. AB - A localized, transplantable testicular tumor of the Fischer rat regularly produces hypercalcemia and increased phosphorus clearance in host animals. Light and electron microscopic examinations of the tumor indicate that it is of Leydig origin. There is no evidence that the tumor secretes any biologically active sex steroids, judges by weights of target tissues, when the tumor is grown in castrated or spayed rats. No radioactive steroid hormone formation in vitro was detected using 1-14C-acetate as a precursor although 14C was incorporated into the "C27" sterol fraction. Mass (micrograms) amounts of sex steroids were not detected after purifying large amounts of tumor extracts. The phytosterols, beta sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, were tentatively identified in tumor extracts but were also found in other tissues and in tumors not associated with hypercalcemia. Administered in vivo, human chorionic gonadotropin caused an acute rise in serum calcium in 3 to 5 hours in tumor-bearing hypercalcemic rats. Only trophic hormones with luteinizing hormone activity were found to compete with 125I-human chorionic gonadotropin for binding to the tumor homogenate in vitro indicating the tumor possessed luteinizing hormone receptors. When the tumor was transplanted intrasplenically, hypercalcemia did not occur unless adhesions formed, suggesting that the tumor hormone was rapidly metabolized by the liver and was probably of small molecular weight. Secretory granules, usually thought to be associated with peptide hormone secretion, were not detected at the ultrastructure level. Cortisol, conjugated estrogen, and an inhibitor of sterol biosynthesis (AY-9944) were effective in lowering the elevated serum calcium. Definitive identification of the agent causing lethal hypercalcemia has not been accomplished. The available data suggest it is not parathyroid hormone or vitamin D. The Leydig cell origin of the tumor, its response to human chorionic gonadotropin in vivo, the lack of secretory granules at the ultrastructural level, and biologic characteristics, all lead to the speculation that the secretory product of the tumor is a new hormonal substance, possibly a steroid precursor or related substance not previously described or is a known substance of small molecular weight whose calcium-mobilizing properties have not been fully characterized. This transplantable tumor may represent a model for one form of neoplastic hypercalcemia occurring in man and may have important implications in the general area of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. PMID- 52758 TI - Focal and segmental glomerular hyalinosis and sclerosis in the rat. AB - A glomerular disease spontaneously developing in Wistar rats was studied by light and electron microscopy and by immunofluorescence techniques. The disease is characterized by the local subendothelial deposition of hyaline material leading to increase of mesangial matrix and the development of adhesions. Immunofluorescence shows deposition of complement and IgM and to a lesser degree also of IgG in these lesions. There is a constant relationship of these early changes with the vascular pole of the glomerulus. It is confirmed that female rats are resistent to the disease as are male rats fed a sodium-deficient diet. A higher protein excretion was found in normally fed male rats as compared to female rats and to rats on a sodium-deficient diet. These differences already existed before the normally fed male rats developed glomerular disease. From these studies it is suggested that an appropriate name for this disease would be focal and segmental glomerular hyalinosis and sclerosis and that hemodynamic factors could be an important etiologic mechanism. The histopathology of the disease bears a striking resemblance to focal sclerosing glomerulopathy with segmental hyalinosis sometimes found in kidneys of patients with an idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 52759 TI - Pollution of vineyards by atmospheric lead. PMID- 52760 TI - A plaque control program at the sixth grade level. PMID- 52761 TI - New aids for instruction. PMID- 52762 TI - Androgen metabolism in the hypertrophic prostate. PMID- 52763 TI - Uptake, metabolism and binding of various androgens in human prostatic tissue: in vivo and in vitro studies. PMID- 52764 TI - Substernal gastric bypass of the excluded thoracic esophagus for palliation of esophageal carcinoma. AB - Curative resection is impossible in most patients with carcinoma of the esophagus or malignant tracheoesophageal fistulas, because of local tumor invasion or distant metastases. Optimal palliative therapy in these patients should relieve dysphagia and aspiration and restore the ability to swallow comfortably. This report describes a technique for palliation of carcinoma of the esophagus with a substernal gastric bypass after exclusion of the thoracic exophagus with the GIA surgical stapler. The results of this procedure in 10 patients with advanced malignant disease are discussed. Although postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were high, the quality of life achieved with this method of palliation was gratifying. Substernal gastric bypass of the excluded thoracic esophagus is an effective alternative to feeding tubes, prolonged radiation therapy, esophagogastrectomy, or colon bypass in patients with incurable, malignant esophageal disease. PMID- 52765 TI - Acute and chronic hepatitis in adolescents. PMID- 52766 TI - Isocaloric diet changes and electroencephalographic sleep. AB - Electroencephalographic (E.E.G.) sleep changes were studied in eight young healthy male subjects who were given a normal balanced diet or a high carbohydrate/low-fat or low-carbohydrate/high-fat isocaloric diet, according to an experimental design. Significantly less slow-wave sleep (S.W.S.) was found after consuming a high-carbohydrate/low-fat diet than after consuming a normal balanced diet or a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet. The latter two diets did not differ in terms of the amounts of S.W.S. Both high-carbohydrate/low-fat and low carbohydrate/high-fat isocaloric diets, especially the former, were associated with significantly more rapid-eye-movement (R.E.M.) sleep than was the normal balanced diet. These findings emphasise the importance of daily diet for the following night's sleep. PMID- 52767 TI - Positive end-expiratory pressure in weaning patients from controlled ventilation. A prospective randomised trial. AB - Twenty-five patients in acute respiratory failure were randomised to receive either 5 cm of positive end-expiratory pressure (P.E.E.P.) or no-P.E.E.P. while weaning from controlled ventilation. The use of P.E.E.P. resulted in a significant reduction in the increase in alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient (AaDO21) which occurred in the group of patients who were converted from controlled ventilation to spontaneous ventilation without P.E.E.P. Patients who weaned without P.E.E.P. had a mean increase in AaDO21 of 102+/-35 mm Hg S.E. while those who weaned with P.E.E.P. had a mean increase of only 10+/-22 mm Hg (P less than 0-03). The use of P.E.E.P. was also associated with a significant improvement in the vital capacity and the maximum inspiratory force. Patients who weaned with P.E.E.P. had an increase in vital capacity of 258+/-108 ml (P less than 0-05) and an increase in inspiratory force of -15+/-5 cm H2O (P less than 0 01), while patients who weaned without P.E.E.P. did not have significant changes in these measurements. The use of P.E.E.P. during weaning may be helpful in patients who fail to wean because of the development of hypoxaemia due to rapid alveolar collapse, since P.E.E.P. appears to minimise the increase in intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt which normally occurs during weaning from controlled ventilation. PMID- 52768 TI - Trials in man with live recombinants made from A/PR/8/34 (H0 N1) and wild H3 N2 influenza viruses. AB - A long-term study is described of recombinant influenza viruses produced from the avirulent laboratory strain, A/PR/8/34 (H0 N1), and newly isolated H3 N2 influenza virus variants. A number of H3 H2 recombinants were found to be attenuated for man and capable of inducing antibody formation, and were therefore potentially usable as live vaccines. However, the volunteer trials as a whole suggested that, in this system, there might not be complete segregation of virulence and antigenic characteristics. No H3 N2 recombinants were detected which were non-infective for man, like the A/PR8 (H0 N1) parent, and reciprocal hybrids (H3 N1 and H0 N2) always reflected some of the virulence of the parent from which they had inherited their haemagglutinin. This property is not a feature of mouse influenza. PMID- 52769 TI - Pyrogenic reactions during haemodialysis caused by extramural endotoxin. AB - Between July 24 and Aug. 19, 1974, an outbreak of pyrogenic reactions occurred in patients at a private haemodialysis centre in a suburb of Washington, D.C. 49 reactions characterised by chills, fever, and hypotension occurred in twenty three of the seventy patients dialysed during this period. No infections could be documented in any of the affected individuals. Despite the fact that only low levels of gram-negative bacterial contamination of the haemodialysis system were found, high levels of endotoxin contamination of dialysis fluid and endotoxaemia in patients experiencing overt reactions were recorded using the Limulus lysate test. The cause of these reactions was traced to an increase in endotoxin contamination of the tap water used to prepare dialysate, possibly caused by an increase in the algae levels in the local water source. The installation of a reverse osmosis system for water treatment may be a solution to the problem of endotoxin contamination of water used to prepare dialysis fluid. PMID- 52770 TI - Is glucagon important in stable insulin-dependent diabetics? AB - The role of glucagon has been evaluated in the everyday regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Plasma concentrations of glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol, glucose, and free fatty acids and blood concentrations of glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, alanine, pyruvate, and lactate were measured in 38 fasting diabetic subjects deprived of their usual morning dose of insulin. The measurements were repeated in 25 of these patients after a further 3 hours of insulin deprivation and in 6 patients again at 6 hours. There was no correlation between the initial fasting levels of plasma-glucagon and those of the other biochemical measurements including glucose and ketone bodies. Furthermore, no correlation was found between changes in these measurements and in plasma-glucagon over a period of 3 or 6 hours. These findings suggest that glucagon is unlikely to play a role of primary importance in blood-glucose homoeostasis or ketone-body metabolism in ambulant insulin-dependent diabetic patients. PMID- 52771 TI - A new type of familial hypercholesterolaemia. AB - Two members of a family (proband and daughter) with hypercholesterolaemia have an abnormal low-density lipoprotein which fails to suppress the activity of a rate determining enzyme for cholesterol biosynthesis (3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-CoA reductase) in leucocytes of the patients and controls. However, the proband's leucocytes are inhibited by lipoproteins from other sources demonstrating that the mechanism for cellular regulation of the enzyme is intact. This mutant lipoprotein may have a role in the production of hypercholesterolaemia. PMID- 52772 TI - Evidence against breast-feeding as a mechanism for vertical transmission of hepatitis B. AB - A follow-up study of 147 babies born to mothers known to be carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) revealed no evidence for a relationship between breast feeding and the subsequent development of antigenaemia in the babies. All babies were tested at three or more months of age, and the mean age at last follow-up was eleven months with a mean of three serum specimens per baby (not counting cord-blood specimens). The frequency of acquisition of HBsAg and anti-HBs was almost identical among breast-fed and non breast-fed infants. The frequency of other variables known to influence the development of antigenaemia among infants of carrier mothers did not vary according to breast-feeding status: mother's HBsAg titre, HBsAg positivity rate in cord-blood specimens, and HBsAg prevalence among siblings. 32 breast-milk specimens from carrier mothers were all HBsAg negative. PMID- 52773 TI - Epidemic of conjoined twins in Southern Africa? AB - Eleven sets of conjoined twins have been born in Southern Africa in a period of just over twelve months. Analysis of the circumstance pertaining to the conception and delivery of these children revealed considerable ethnic, geographic, and socioeconomic differences. It is possible that a ubiquitous environmental agent is a precipitating factor in this situation. PMID- 52774 TI - Restoration of in-vitro lymphocyte responses with exogenous adenosine deaminase in a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency. AB - Deficiency of adenosine deaminase (A.D.A.) occurs in an autosomal recessive form of severe combined immunodeficiency (S.C.I.D.). The role of this enzyme deficiency in the pathogenesis of the immune defects is not clear. A patient with A.D.A. S.C.I.D., studied during the first six weeks of life, was found to have B and T lymphocytes as well as 25% of normal lymphocyte responses to mitogens. This patient subsequently became severely lymphopenic with loss of mitogen responsiveness. Addition of calf-intestinal A.D.A. or human-erythrocyte A.D.A. to cultures of this patient's lymphocytes restored their ability to proliferate when stimulated with mitogens. These data indicate that A.D.A. deficiency is causally related to the cellular immune defects observed in A.D.A. S.C.I.D. and suggests a possible role for enzyme replacement in the therapy of this disorder. PMID- 52775 TI - "Incubation period" in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Two clusters of patients with Hodgkin's disease are described. The interval between the first contact of the secondary cases with the index cases and the appearance of symptoms suggested a maximum "incubation" period of 2-6 months. PMID- 52776 TI - Chronic pancreatitis and alpha-1-antitrypsin. AB - 110 patients with proven chronic pancreatitis have been studied to assess the prevalence of the various Pi phenotypes of alpha1-antitrypsin in this disease compared with a control group of 116 blood-donors. The phenotype PiMZ (including Mweak) was significantly more prevalent and PiMM significantly less so in the patients with pancreatitis. It is possible that a heterozygous deficiency of this protease inhibitor renders the pancreas more vulnerable to aetiological agents (e.g., alcohol). PMID- 52777 TI - Pathogenesis of neurogenic pulmonary oedema. AB - Evidence suggests that the initial phase of neurogenic pulmonary oedema results from a centrally mediated, massive, sympathetic discharge. It is postulated that this produces intense, generlised, but transient, vasoconstriction with a resultant shift of blood from the high-resistance systemic circulation to the low resistance pulmonary circulation. Pronounced increases in pulmonary vascular pressures and blood-volume then produce pulmonary oedema because of the hydrostatic effect of increased pulmonary capillary pressure. In addition, pulmonary hypertension and hypervolaemia injure pulmonary blood-vessels, altering pulmonary capillary permeability and producing lung haemorrhage. After the transient systemic and pulmonary vascular hypertension subside, the patient is left with abnormal pulmonary capillary permeability, so that pulmonary oedema persists in the face of normal haemodynamic and cardiac function. PMID- 52778 TI - Editorial: Strategy and tactics. PMID- 52779 TI - Editorial: Let me carry your suitcase. PMID- 52780 TI - Editorial: Live influenza vaccine strains. PMID- 52781 TI - Editorial: The voice of the consumer. PMID- 52782 TI - Cerebral form of high-altitude illness. AB - Twelve cases of severe altitude illness are reported in which the neurological signs and symptoms dominated the clinical picture. Pulmonary oedema, retinal haemorrhage, thrombophlebitis and pulmonary embolism, bronchopneumonia, and coronary-artery disease were also present in several of the patients but the primary problem seems to have been cerebral oedema. Other published cases support this impression. Patients who were returned to low altitude early in the disease fared well; two patients died, and in both cases evacuation had been delayed. The most effective prevention lies in slow ascent, though in one case reported here the rate of climb was well within the recommended limit. Recommended management is rapid descent to low altitude at earliest indication of cerebral or pulmonary oedema, intravenous dexamethasone or betamethasone in large doses, hydration, diuresis (frusemide has been most used), and perhaps other intravenous therapy with hyperosmolar materials such as mannitol, urea, 50% saline, or 50% sucrose. Prognosis is good if descent and treatment are started early, but permanent damage may be anticipated if the patient is unconscious for any prolonged period before descent. PMID- 52783 TI - Kuru. Epidemiological developments. AB - Important changes have occurred in the epidemiology of kuru since the last review in 1970. There has been a continued decline in the annual incidence, particularly in females. There is a change in the average age of onset in both sexes, and cases are no longer seen in children and adolescents. Alteration in the geographical distribution has resulted in kuru now being confined almost wholly to the South Fore region. PMID- 52784 TI - Letter: Dental caries and sugar intake. PMID- 52786 TI - Letter: Cost of breast-feeding. PMID- 52785 TI - Letter: Varicose veins in India. PMID- 52787 TI - Letter: Surgical training. PMID- 52788 TI - Letter: Pterin administration as a therapy for P.K.U. due to dihydropteridine reductase deficiency? PMID- 52789 TI - Letter: Splenectomy in acute lymphatic leukaemia. PMID- 52790 TI - Letter: Cold agglutinins in sickle-cell crisis. PMID- 52791 TI - Letter: Fetal radiography. PMID- 52792 TI - Letter: Primary non-function in cadaver kidney transplants. PMID- 52793 TI - Letter: Defective essential-fatty-acid metabolism in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 52794 TI - Letter: Exacerbation of acrodermatitis enteropathica by soya-bean milk feeding. PMID- 52795 TI - Letter: Importance of routine alpha-fetoprotein estimations. PMID- 52796 TI - Letter: Blood-ethanol in liver disease. PMID- 52798 TI - Letter: Ultrasound and mammalian D.N.A. PMID- 52797 TI - Letter: Postoperative feeding and metabolism. PMID- 52799 TI - Letter: Milk antibodies and myocardial infarction. PMID- 52800 TI - Letter: Prevention of leprosy by acedapsone. PMID- 52802 TI - Letter: Thyroid function after treatment of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 52801 TI - Letter: Lymphocyte agglutination in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 52803 TI - Letter: The glue-ear syndrome. PMID- 52804 TI - Letter: Granulocyte function and opsonins. PMID- 52805 TI - Letter: Rauwolfia derivatives and breast cancer. PMID- 52806 TI - Letter: Hepatitis-B antibody in polymyalgia rheumatica. PMID- 52807 TI - Letter: The nature of hepatitis-B virus. PMID- 52808 TI - Letter: Mycoplasma pneumoiae in a tubo-ovarian abscess. PMID- 52809 TI - Letter: Aspiration cytology in breast cancer. PMID- 52811 TI - Letter: Polyglycolic-acid suture and scar hypertrophy. PMID- 52810 TI - Letter: Glycerol in cerebral oedema. PMID- 52812 TI - Gordon Covell. PMID- 52813 TI - Letter: Enhanced oxygen tension in the liver and serum-cholesterol-lowering effect of portacaval shunt in hyperlipidaemia. PMID- 52814 TI - George Richard William Neal Luntz. PMID- 52815 TI - John Morrison Barnes. PMID- 52817 TI - Two differing opinions. Minimal brain dysfunction. PMID- 52816 TI - Glycosides of magnolia. II. Structural elucidation of magnolidin. AB - Magnolidin, the major glycoside of Magnolia grandiflora L. consists of two moles of rhamnose, and each of glucose, caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenethanol. Based on degradative and spectroscopic evidence, a structure is proposed for magnolidin as one of two possible alternatives which differ with respect to the position occupied by the O-caffeyl unit. PMID- 52818 TI - [Use of an impersonal teaching program in the field of pharmacology and toxicology]. PMID- 52819 TI - Detection of mycoplasma contamination in cultured cells: comparison of biochemical, morphological, and microbiological techniques. PMID- 52820 TI - Staining of RNA after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 52821 TI - The preparation of yeasts for light microscopy. PMID- 52822 TI - Cell cycle analysis. PMID- 52823 TI - Electron microscopy of yeasts. PMID- 52824 TI - Letter: Spray-tish for scuba-divers. PMID- 52825 TI - [The diencephalic syndrome]. PMID- 52826 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acute viral hepatitis and liver cirrhosis with severe activity (author's transl)]. AB - Results of biochemical tests in 61 patients with acute viral hepatitis resp. 63 patients with subacute hepatitis were compared with laboratory findings of 27 patients with liver cirrhosis in the stage of severe activity of the disease. In acute and subacute viral hepatitis was the activity of GPT and CHE significantly higher than in active cirrhosis of the liver. In contrast to these findings was the activity of GLDH and the blood level of bilirubin in both groups of patients similar and for the differential diagnosis of no importance. Low albumin, high gammaglobulin and significant increase of IgG and IgA fractions of immunglobulins in serum are additionally to the results of the activity of some serum enzymes for the diagnosis of active liver cirrhosis in comparison to acute and subacute viral hepatitis of greatest value. PMID- 52827 TI - [Letter: Prevention of measles in interfamilial exposure]. PMID- 52828 TI - [Oral therapy of ectopic cardiac arrhythmias with Propafenon (author's transl)]. AB - The antiarrhythmic effect of Propafenon administered orally in single doses of 600 resp. 900 mg (X = 10,2 Mg/kg/ bodyweight) was examined in 20 patients with chronic and stabile extrasystoles of either ventricular or supraventricular origin. In 18 patients the ectopic beats could be completely eliminated, 2 patients did not respond to antiarrhythmic therapy. The antiarrhythmic effect begins 30 minutes after administration of the drug and has its maximum 3 hours after application with a duration of more than 8 hours in most patients. Propafenon is an effective drug for oral therapy of ectopic cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 52829 TI - Oral cold remedies. PMID- 52830 TI - Antigen deterioration rate of aqueous ragweed pollen extract. PMID- 52833 TI - Classification of neuroichthyosis. PMID- 52831 TI - Glycosaminoglycans from Ateroid and bovine duodenal mucosa and pancreas. AB - Glycosaminoglycans (GG) were isolated from commercial Ateroid and compared with those from bovine duodenal mucosa and pancreas. The major GG in Ateroid is heparin. Heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate were also found. HS, chondroitin sulfates, and heparin were isolated from duodenal mucosa after papain digestion, but a residue, non-digestible, was mostly heparin. Pancreas contains very little GG, and the GG composition is similar to that of mucosa. The heparin isolated from Ateroid and mucosa have similar lipoprotein lipase-releasing activity, but the former has considerably less anticoagulant activity. Interestingly, papain digestion of mucosa and pancreas did not release all heparin from the tissue, suggesting that the protein to which heparin is linked is not readily accessible to the enzyme. PMID- 52832 TI - Immunoglobulin, complement and fibrinolytic enzyme system in atopic dermatitis. PMID- 52834 TI - The fractionation of cerebrospinal fluid proteins by cellulose acetate electrophoresis in children with infectious diseases of the central nervous system (author's transl). AB - The increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier during acute inflammation of the central nervous system leads to changes of the cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) protein pattern. Initially, in the cases of bacterial meningitis, cellulos acetate electrophoresis revealed decreased prealbumin, albumin and tau globulin fraktion whereas alpha- and gamma-globulin fractions were found increased. In later stages of purulent inflammation a hydrocephalus occurred in five children, associated with an increased amount of albumin in the C.S.F. Cases of viral meningoencephalitis had a characteristic decrease of prealbumin and increase of gamma-globulin, the lowered prealbumin values were found more often. In three cases of congenital encephalitis pathological patterns of C.S.F. proteins were still found 1--1 1/2 years postpartum. Children with acute peripheral facial palsy and febrile convulsions had a normal C.S.F. protein profile. PMID- 52835 TI - [Correlation studies of some thyroid function tests (author's transl)]. AB - The results of a thyroid test based on ion exchange and column chromatographic separation and of two radiochemical T4 and three T3 tests were carried out with commercially available reagent packs ready for use, and were compared with the PBI values found in the same serum sample in each case. This also tested the analytical precision of each method. A good correlation was found between the PBI and the T4 values, while the accuracy of the T3 tests was unsatisfactory. PMID- 52836 TI - [Contribution to information and genetic counseling in Mekkel's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The deformity syndrome nowadays named after Meckel is characterized by the following principal features: occipital encephalocele, cystic kidneys and a polydactyly. According to the available findings in twins and families, an autosomal recessive lethal syndrome is involved. In 8 (= 16.6%) of 48 families, the parents of the feature carrier were blood relations. Heterozygous anlage carriers cannot yet be recognized as such. To make a statement in genetic counselling today, ultrasonic diagnosis and an amniocentesis must be carried out early in a pregnancy at risk. PMID- 52837 TI - [The fetal alcoholic syndrome. A case report on two siblings]. AB - Two children of a mother suffering from chronic overindulgence in alcohol are reported. Both of them showed considerable signs of what Jones et al. (1973) called the fetal alcoholic syndrome. Delay in statokinetic, physical and mental development and craniofacial dysmorphism are prominent in the clinical picture. A direct toxis effect of the alcohol on the fetus is assumed to be the cause. PMID- 52839 TI - Proceedings: Analysis of chromosome aberrations induced by TEPA and epichlorohydrin in human lymphocytes in vitro and determination of the threshold value. PMID- 52838 TI - Proceedings: Changes in the activity of chemical mutagens caused by various compounds. PMID- 52840 TI - [The cultural diagnosis of Cryptococcus neoformans]. PMID- 52841 TI - Beta2 microglobulin and lymphocytic infiltration in Sjogren's syndrome. AB - We measured salivary beta2 microglobulin concentrations in 49 patients evaluated for Sjogren's syndrome with a labial salivary-gland biopsy. The salivary concentration was elevated and a significant correlation (P less than 0.001) was found between the concentration and the degree of inflammation seen in the biopsy. Serum concentrations were increased in 135 patients with Sjogren's syndrome. Striking elevations were seen in patients with associated renal or lymphoproliferative complications. Three patients have an increase in serum beta2 microglobulin concentration in association with exacerbation of their disease, and six a decrease after clinically efficacious therapy. These data indicate that determination of beta2 microglobulin in saiva may provide a simple, noninvasive technic for estimation of the degree of local inflammation in autoimmune disease. PMID- 52842 TI - Editorial: Beta 2 microglobulin - small molecule - big role? PMID- 52843 TI - Letter: Alpha fetoprotein, resette formation and tumor-cell growth. PMID- 52844 TI - Editorial: When is a tumor marker not a tumor marker? PMID- 52845 TI - Theory and practice for studies for peptides by 15N nuclear magnetic resonance at natural abundance: gramicidin S. AB - The low-abundance isotope of nitrogen, 15N, is now accessible to study by the latest high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Structure and motion in polypeptides of moderate size may now be usefully investigated in this way. PMID- 52846 TI - Specific afferent interference by antiserum of in vivo immunity. PMID- 52847 TI - Cytological detection of mutagen-carcinogen exposure by sister chromatid exchange. AB - A staining technique that detects sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) has been used to examine the response of chromosomes in cultured Chinese hamster cells to a wide variety of mutagens-carcinogens. The test gives a very sensitive and rapid method for detecting chromosome mutagenicity of chemical agents and provides a powerful new method for detecting environmental mutagens. PMID- 52848 TI - Carcinogenesis. AB - An examination has been made of the major chemicals which are known to be carcinogenic, either in animals or in humans. As a result, a generalized type of chemical property seems to be a prerequisite for the carcinogenic activity. In most cases, this is some kind of reactive electrophilic intermediate produced directly from the carcinogen or from one of its immediate metabolites. This electrophilic reagent is generally a positively charged ion of some kind. In the case of the hydrocarbons it seems to be an incipient carbonium ion; in the case of nitrogen compounds, it is a corresponding nitronium ion. There are a number of possible substrate materials (nucleophilic) in a cells, but the dominant one which has been suspected is the nucleic acid component, either the DNA or the RNA. The bases of these materials all have extra pi electrons susceptible to attach by the electrophiles of the carcinogen. Such a modification, particularly of the DNA, could lead to either major or minor changes in the genetic composition of the cell. Minor changes are usually rectifiable or are not visible, and this would include a large variety of point mutations. PMID- 52850 TI - [Does normal gamma globulin protect against hepatitis B]. PMID- 52849 TI - Prostaglandin, slow-reacting substance, and histamine release from anaphylactic guinea-pig hearts, and its pharmacological modification. AB - Prostaglandins (Pgs), slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A), and histamine were released from anaphylactic isolated perfused guinea pig hearts. Pgs were to the greatest part of the F2alpha-type. PgE2 was found in traces only. Neither PgA2, nor the metabolites 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PgF2alpha and 13,14 dihydro-15-keto-PgE2 were detected in the perfusates. Isoproterenol reduced the PgF2alpha output significantly. This effect was increased by the addition of theophylline. Propranolol did not reverse the effect of isoproterenol, but in a high concentration (5 mug/ml) reduced the PgF2alpha output for its own. Indomethacin completely abolished the anaphylactic prostaglandin release. The histamine liberation was significantly decreased only by the combination of isoproterenol and theophylline, and also by a high concentration of propranolol (5 mug/ml). In contrast to the Pg release, the anaphylactic SRS-A and histamine liberation was not abolished by indomethacin, but rather increased. The results are discussed in view of the possible role of the released substances in the functional events of cardiac anaphylaxis. PMID- 52851 TI - [Results of selective posterior radiculetomy at the lumbar and cervical level]. AB - At the light of authors' present experience, radicletomy appears as an excellent antalgic operative procedure in the case of roots with high functional risk (brachial plexus and lumbar plexus). In the absence of any motor deficiency or ataxia, it appears that radicletomy is of help in the cure of severe hypertonies of the extremities (sequelae of cerebral stem contusions). Conversely, in the spastic sequelae of hemi- or paraparesias, lumbar-sacral posterior selective radicotomy is a sure procedure that procures results nearly super-imposable to radicletomy with an appreciable gain in time. At last, for what concerns the motor involvements of the upper extremity ending in spasticity, selective radicletomy recovers its rights and has to be preferred to S.P.R. The indications may be summarized as follows: -- At the level of the lower extremities: in the case of paraparetic sequelae or of sequelae due to spastic paraplegia, a S.P.R. has to be performed; for what concerns antalgic surgery, in the absence of motor deficiency, the best indication is radicletomy. -- At the level of the upper extremities: in the case of dystonic sequeale of the cerebral stem, spastic pain bound with hemiplegia or with carcinoma etc. (herpes zoster..), radicletomy constitutes the ideal surgical procedure. PMID- 52852 TI - Decreased myelin basic protein content of the aged human brain. AB - Myelin basic protein was extracted from frontal lobe white matter obtained at autopsy from seven individuals ranging in age from 72 to 78 years. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons were made between basic protein from this group and that extracted from another group of individuals ranging in age from 45 to 65 years. The basic protein content of the older brains was considerably lower than that of the younger brains. Qualitative studies that included assay for encephalitogenic activity, disk gel electrophoresis at pH 4.3, and immunoprecipitation did not reveal any difference in the basic protein derived from the two age groups. Possible factors that may help explain the decreased basic protein content of the aged brain are discussed. PMID- 52853 TI - [Symptomatology of gastric carcinoma]. PMID- 52854 TI - [Oxprenolol in the treatment and prevention of cardiac arrhythmias]. AB - Authors have analyzed the antiarrhythmic effect of oxprenolol, a beta blocking agent, in the treatment of various types of arrhythmias and in the prophylaxis of recurrences of auricular flutter and fibrillation. The results obtained in a group of 68 cases of different arrhythmias may be summarized in the following way: a) the drug efficiently reduces the ventricular rate in sinus tachycardia and in atrial flutter and fibrillation with high ventricular rate, even if resistant to treatment with digitalis; b) in patients with asynchronous pacemaker oxprenolol leads to disappearance or an important reduction of competitive rhythms; c) in supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardias the results are positive in the majority of cases (while on the contrary in 2 cases of ventricular tachycardias the drug was not effective). A group of 116 cases with auricular flutter or fibrillation (in which sinus rhythm had been restored with quinidine or cardioversion has been analyzed to study the prophylactic activity of oxprenolol in these arrhythmias. The cases have been divided at random into two groups and have been treated with quinidine (g 0.80 p.d.) or with an association of oxprenolol (mg 60 p.d.) and quinidine (g 0,60 p.d.). The observation period varied from a minimum of 1 month to a maximum of 3 years and 3 months. The curves showing the percentage of persistance of sinus rhythm in the two groups were very similar and after 3 years and 3 months 100% of patients observed presented a recurrence of arrhythmias. PMID- 52855 TI - The selection of adrenocorticosteroid preparations. PMID- 52856 TI - Ultrastructure of the white sponge nevus. AB - An electron microscope study of tissue diagnosed as white sponge nevus suggested a more advanced process of cellular keratinization in the buccal mucosa than may be appreciated in histologic sections. Ultrastructural features which are normally associated with keratinizing epithelium were observed in the lesion and included (1) a marked increase in the intracellular content of tonofilaments, (2) numerous tonofilament-related keratohyaline granules, (3) membrane-coating granules that possessed an internal striated appearance, (4) the apparent accumulation in the intercellular space of the contents of the striated microgranules, and (5) the presence within some cells of a keratin-like material. Other features included the formation of perinuclear electron-lucent zones and the presence of elongated cytoplasmic processes which produced a complex pattern of interdigitation among the epithelial cells. PMID- 52857 TI - Why are white lesions white? Observations on keratin. AB - It is proposed that oral keratoses appear white because of the ability of abnormal oral keratin to evenly reflect the visible light spectrum because of the hydration of the keratin layer in a manner similar to the reaction of the stratum corneum of the epidermis to water. Thickening of the keratin layer per se or the over-all thickness of the epithelium does not appear to be the primary factor in causing an intraoral lesion to appear white. The white appearance is related to thickness only insofar as it takes a certain amount of abnormal keratin to be clinically evident. It appears that an accumulation of only 10 to 20 microns of abnormal keratin is sufficient to cause a lesion to appear very white. This is about the amount seen on the normal human palate. It seems likely that, when a normally nonkeratinized area, such as the buccal mucosa or floor of the mouth, is stimulated to produce keratin, the keratin thus produced would be different from normally occurring oral keratin. This difference apparently manifests itself clinically as hydration of the keratin layer. A more complete understanding of why white lesions are white awaits further elucidation in regard to the role of lipids, keratohyaline granules, membrane-coating granules, and intercellular cement. Characterization of the oral keratins as to their amino acid residues and types of bondings, as well as insight into the events transpiring when the prickle cell becomes keratinized, may not only shed light on the etiology of these lesions but also have prognostic implications. PMID- 52858 TI - [Immune response inhibiting effect of blood serum in dermatoses]. PMID- 52859 TI - The release of membrane antigens into culture by adult Schistosoma mansoni. AB - Antigens sharing determinants with surface membranes and soluble proteins of adult Schistosoma mansoni have been detected in culture media after incubation of radioactively labelled worms. The relative quantities of these antigens were measured with specific antisera raised in rabbits and with serum from an immune rhesus monkey. It was found that 12-16% of TCA-precipitable radioactivity in the culture medium consisted of membrane antigens and 6-8% consisted of antigens sharing determinants with proteins found in the soluble fraction of adult worms. Over half the membrane antigens were present in particulate form, while other antigens were present in solution. Surface labelling the adult worms with [125I]confirmed that some of the particles in the culture medium were derived from the surface membrane of the adult worm and electron microscope examination of such particles showed that large membrane fragments were present. These results support the hypothesis that antibodies against schistosome membrane antigens are induced by particulate membrane antigens released by the parasite. PMID- 52860 TI - Ultrastructural comparison of the cell coat in normal and chronic lymphocytic leukaemic blood lymphocytes by Concanavalin A labelling and cationic staining. AB - The ultrastructure of the cell coat of normal and chronic lymphocytic leukaemic (CLL) blood lymphocytes has been compared by several cytochemical techniques. In CLL lymphocytes, there is no modification of Concanavalin A labelling, whereas a difference of stainability is observed with at least one of the three cationic dyes used: colloidal iron, colloidal thorium, or ruthenium red, signifying a modification of anionic reactive sites. This physico-chemical surface anomaly is discussed with regard to other biochemical and electrophoretic results given by other authors. PMID- 52861 TI - [Uptake of biogenic amines in mast cells in sustained anaphylactic reaction]. PMID- 52862 TI - [Congenital pain insensitivity syndrome]. PMID- 52863 TI - The media center: Utilization techniques in the classroom. PMID- 52864 TI - The impact of surgery on body image. AB - Surgery has an impact on the patient's view of himself and his body. It is within the professional nurse's realm to skillfully assess, make a nursing diagnosis, plan, and follow through on findings of body image assessment. Operating room nurses can expand their roles by contributing to this dimension of care. Because of their close contact with the patient, they are in an ideal situation to attend to this patient need. O.R. nurses need not be "little psychiatrists" in order to do this--only caring, intelligent, resourceful persons who use the nursing process and truly place the patient's welfare above all else. PMID- 52865 TI - Developmental consequences of congenital abnormalities. PMID- 52866 TI - Hypervalinemia: a family's reaction, a nursing challenge. PMID- 52867 TI - [Allergen specific IgE and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 52868 TI - [Urinary urokinase and blood fibrinolytic activity in patients with nephrolithiasis and other urinary tract diseases]. PMID- 52869 TI - The influence of lindane on enzymes activity in the tissues of rats on protein rich diet. AB - Lindane in the dose of 1/10 LD50 given to rats on standard diet decreases the activity of 3.1.3.1. and 3.1.3.2. alkaline and acid phosphatases (AP and AcP) in blood serum, 2.6.1.1. glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), 2.6.1.2. glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in liver and 1.1.1.27 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in blood serum, kidney and liver. The same dose of lindane but given to rats on protein rich diet induces much stronger inactivation of the discussed enzymes, the stated differences being statistically significant. On determining LDH isoenzyme activity in homogenates from kidneys, no statistically significant differences were noted either in the groups treated with standard diet or those on protein rich diet, as compared with the controls not given lindane. PMID- 52870 TI - Solving selected problems of the aging urinary tract. PMID- 52871 TI - The origin and evolution of tumor viruses: implications for leukocyte differentiation and leukemia in man. PMID- 52872 TI - Protein kinase and its regulatory effect on reverse transcriptase activity of Rous sarcoma virus. AB - We have studied the effect of protein phosphokinase (EC 2.7.1.37; ATP:protein phosphotransferase) and phosphoprotein phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.16; phosphoprotein phosphohydrolase) on reverse transcriptase (RNA-dependent DNA nucleotidyltransferase) activity of Rous sarcoma virus. Protein kinase from Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts was purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex gel filtration, and isoelectric focusing. Purified reverse transcriptase from Rouse sarcoma virus was preincubated with protein kinase and ATP under conditions allowing incorporation of phosphate into substrate protein. After the preincubation, reverse transcriptase activity was assayed in the presence of poly(rA).oligo(dT) as template. A 2- to 5-fold increase of reverse transcriptase activity was found after the preincubation of reverse transcriptase with protein kinase and ATP. Incubation of reverse transcriptase with heat-treated, inactive protein kinase and ATP had no effect on transcriptase activity. When the transcriptase preparation was incubated with protein kinase and [gamma-32P]ATP and subsequently purified by chromatography on phosphocellulose and Sephadex gel filtration, significant amounts of 32P-labeled proteins were found in the fractions exhibiting reverse transcriptase activity, suggesting 32P incorporation into transcriptase or transcriptase-associated proteins. A 20-60% decrease of reverse transcriptase activity was observed after incubation of reverse transcriptase with phosphatase. The results suggest that phosphorylative modification of reverse transcriptase may be critical in the regulation of reverse transcriptase-catalyzed DNA synthesis. PMID- 52873 TI - Absence of H-2 antigens capable of reacting with cytotoxic T cells on a teratoma line expressing a T/t locus antigen. AB - An established cell line of murine teratoma cells (F9), which lacks serologically detectable H-2 that is determined by a wild-type T/t locus gene. These cells are not killed and do not react with cytotoxic T cells sensitized to H-2 antigens in a cell-mediated lympholysis assay. Modification of spleen cells from the strain or origin (129) of this teratoma line with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid allows the generation of syngeneic killer cells that display a cytotoxic effect against trinitrophenyl-modified splenic targets, but not against trinitrophenyl-modified F9 targets. Thus, the F9 antigen is structurally similar to H-2b but does not act as a target antigen in the cell-mediated lympholysis assay for anti-H-2b cytotoxic T cells, nor does it crossreact with H-2b antigens at the T cell level. PMID- 52874 TI - Oncornavirus-like particles in human skin cancers. AB - A high-molecular-weight RNA encapsulated with an RNA-instructed DNA polymerase in particles possessing the density characteristic of the RNA tumor viruses has been detected in 13 out of 14 human malignant melanomas. The [3H]DNA synthesized by these particles in an endogenous reaction hybridizes to RNA extracted from the human melanoma particulate structures, but not to RNA from normal skin. Similar particles containing RNA and enzyme have been found in basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. The RNA of the melanoma particles is easily distinguishable by hybridization from the RNAs found in the particles of the basal and squamous cell carcinomas. PMID- 52875 TI - Influence of prolonged ingestion of some organochlorated pesticides on digestibility and nutritive value of a diet in rats. PMID- 52876 TI - The vagrant alcoholic. PMID- 52877 TI - Chemical-into-mechanical energy transformation by gramicidin A. PMID- 52878 TI - [Venous vascular changes in prostatic adenomyomatosis]. AB - An important role should be attributed to the prostatic venous complex and to its pathology in the clinical aspects of prostate adenoma. This appears to be responsible for the acute retention of urine as well as for the hemorrhages that accompany the disease. The authors, on the occasion of 50 adenomectomies by the trans-vesical method, have carried out histological investigations on the excised tissues and made a correlation with the microscopic aspects of the peri-orificial urethra and of the prosthatic urethra, in connection with the changes noted in the venous system. The veins have displayed more or less important changes in all the cases. These consisted in stasis, lacunar dilatations or of the varicose type, inflammations or parietal modifications of a different origin. At the same time were noted signs of inflammation in the submucosa as well as in the muscular layer of the bladder wall, which appeared to be distrophic. The pathogenic role is stressed of the venous system in the developement of the clinical aspects especially in type II and III of a personal classification. PMID- 52879 TI - Role of mitochondrial calcium transport in failing heart. AB - Mitochondrial calcium uptake, but not binding, like microsomal calcium uptake in failing human hearts, was less than the control values for dog, rabbit, and hamster hearts. Decrease in mitochondrial calcium binding and uptake was observed in genetically myopathic hamsters (BIO 14.6) at early, moderate, and late stages of congestive heart failure. Inhibitors of mitochondrial calcium transport, Dicumarol, dinitrophenol, and sodium azide, were found to produce a rapid fall in contractility of the isolated rat heart. Inability of rat hearts to generate contractile force on perfusion with Na+- or K+-free medium was associated with an increase in mitochondrial calcium uptake. A dramatic increase in mitochondrial calcium uptake was observed on perfusing rat hearts with control medium after CA++-free medium. No change in mitochondrial calcium uptake was noted in acute ischemic dog myocardium or hypoxic rat heart in which contractile force was severely depressed. Both mitochondrial calcium transport and contractility were decreased on perfusing rat hearts with substrate-free medium; however, the change in calcium uptake was secondary to the fall in contractile force. Decrease in pH, ATP:ADP ratio, ATP6AMP ratio, and K+:Na+ ratio were found to reduce the dog heart mitochondrial calcium uptake. It is likely that various factors such as pH, ATP:ADP ration, ATP:AMP ratio, and K+ :Na+ ration, in addition to damage in mitochondrial structure, play an important role in inhibiting mitochondrial calcium transport in failing hearts. The results also suggest that alterations in mitochondrial calcium transport are dependent upon the degree and type of heart failure. PMID- 52880 TI - [The use of trypan blue instead of cotton blue in mycology]. PMID- 52881 TI - [Hargraves' cell in rheumatoid polyarthritis (RP)]. PMID- 52882 TI - [Clinical indices and gingival histopathology]. PMID- 52883 TI - Drug-induced agranulocytosis. A survey of twenty-three episodes. AB - Twenty-three episodes of drug-induced agranulocytosis admitted to the Beilinson Medical Center between 1960-1972 are reported. An increased incidence in patients admitted with this condition was noted over the years. Dipyrone (6 episodes in 4 patients) and chloramphenicol (5 episodes in 5 patients) were the drugs most commonly associated with this condition. Four patients died in septic shock. The increased incidence of hospital-admitted patients with drug-induced agranulocytosis is related to the increased use of drugs in the Israeli population. PMID- 52884 TI - The effect of exhaust gases on the serum lipids and on the arterial wall. Experimental study. PMID- 52885 TI - Serum proteins in diseases of the liver. AB - In 9 groups of liver diseases, 11 serum protein parameters were studied. Prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, albumin, alpha-lipoprotein and Normotest (NT) were usually highly intercorrelated and separated best among groups with different types of functional impairment. Haptoglobin, C3 and total iron-binding capacity were probably also sometimes reduced by restricted protein synthesis but appeared to be more easily affected by other factors, alpha1-antitrypsin was often increased in different liver diseases, but a pattern compatible with the "acute-phase reaction" was regularly present only in hepatic tumors. Bile retention was often accompanied by relatively high levels of ceruloplasmin, C3, and alpha-lipoprotein and by high NT values. PMID- 52886 TI - Some comments on the Kohn staining technique of lipoproteins after electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. PMID- 52887 TI - Antibody response in C3H mice injected with CBA lymphoid cells as detected by membrane immunofluorescent staining. AB - Lymphocytes from CBA mice are strongly responsive to cells from the H-2-identical strain C3H in vitro (MLC), whereas C3H lymphocytes are poorly reactive against CBA cells. Immunization of CBA mice with C3H lymphocytes did not yield any detectable specific antibodies. On the other hand, C3H mice immunized with CBA cells produced specific antibodies as detected by membrane immunofluorescence. Mice of the strains AKR and DBA/2 also possess this specific membrane alloantigen. We thus conclude that it is now possible to discriminate among lymphocytes of CBA and C3H origin. PMID- 52888 TI - Isolation of "speckled" nuclear antigen reactive with autoantibodies in patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases. AB - An antigenic substance reactive with autoantibodies found in patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases was isolated from calf thymus. The purification procedure included extraction of the tissues with acetone powder, batch and column chromatography on DEAE-resins, ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and affinity chromatography on antibody-Sepharose 4B. Indirect immunofluorescence examination of cultured human embryo cells, using the serum of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer, showed a speckled nuclear pattern. The antigenic factor was a soluble acidic protein with a pI of 5.0 and a molecular weight of 250,000. The antigenic activities of this purified substance from calf thymus, and of the material on the cultured human embryo cells, were destroyed by proteases, ribonuclease, and alkaline phosphatase. The determinants were also sensitive to periodate oxidation. Thermal stability to 60 degree C and pH stability between 2.6 and 8.5 were demonstrated. Cross-reactivity of the antigenic substance with antibodies isolated from individuals with cancer and autoimmune diseases was shown by immunofluorescence, with appropriate blocking and absorption controls. PMID- 52890 TI - H-2 private specificity of in vivo-sensitized lymphocytes studied by adsorption on fibroblast monolayers. AB - Spleen cells or thymocytes immune to one H-2 genotype are cytotoxic to allogeneic target cells of a third-party genotype, provided the target shares private specificities determined by either the H-2K or the H-2D locus of the H-2 complex with the H-2 genotype used for sensitization in vivo. The present results on elimination of cytotoxicity to specificities determined by one of the H-2 loci after adsorption of the immune lymphoid cells onto fibroblasts bearing this specificity suggest a state of diversity among effector lymphocytes reactive to the antigens determined by either the H-2K or the H-2D locus of the H-2 complex. Thymus cells activated in vivo were less specifically adsorbable than spleen cells of tumor-allografted mice. PMID- 52889 TI - Incompatibility at irrelevant H-2 specificities augments in vivo stimulation of alloaggressive cells. AB - Lymphoid cells of mice were sensitized in vivo either by H-2 strain-specific tumor allografts or by activation in lethally irradiated F1 hybrids and tested for cytotoxicity on 51Cr-labeled target cells. The release of 51Cr varied linearly with the logarithm to the proportion of effector lymphocytes to target cells and with the time of interaction. The release of 51Cr was immunologically specific and restricted to H-2 incompatibility. Spleen cells immune to public specificities of the target genotype were not cytotoxic. However, lymphoid cells immune to only one private specificity of a third-party target genotype were highly cytotoxic. The cytotoxicity of activated thymus cells on target cells sharing one private specificity with the genotype used for sensitization was significantly enhanced when the effector thymocytes were activated also against H 2 specificities not shared by the target strain. The results suggest that gene products that facilitate sensitization of effector cells may be determined both by the H-2K and the H-2D end of the H-2 complex. It remains to be shown whether the products of these loci, operating during sensitization in vivo, are body-wide correlated to the lymphocyte-defined specificities detectable during the mixed leukocyte culture interaction. PMID- 52892 TI - Evolution of type C viral genes: origin of feline leukemia virus. AB - Reiterated gene sequences related to the RNA of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are detected in all tissues of domestic cats and their close Felis relatives but not in more distantly related Felis species. Partially homologous viral gene sequences are found in rodent, and particularly rat, DNA. Together with the immunologic relationships observed between FeLV and endogenous rodent type C viruses, the results lead to the conclusion that FeLV-related genes were transmitted from a rodent to cat ancestor and have been perpetuated in the germ line of cats. PMID- 52891 TI - Isolation and characterization of amyloid-related serum protein SAA as a low molecular weight protein. AB - With direct immunoprecipitation or gel filtration under dissociating conditions, amyloid-related serum protein SAA has been isolated as a low molecular weight protein from the serum of two patients with rheumatoid arthritis but without known amyloidosis. The isolated protein SAA showed antigenic identity and an amino acid composition that was similar, but not identical, with isolated fibril protein AA. Molecular weight estimations suggest that protein SAA is approximately 50% larger than protein AA and has a molecular weight of 14,000 15,000 daltons. Preliminary results indicate that protein SAA from a patient with amyloidosis has a similar small molecular weight subunit. PMID- 52893 TI - [Effectiveness of antistaphylococcal gamma globulin in treatment of infectious complications of acute leukemia]. PMID- 52894 TI - [Treatment of patients with influenza]. PMID- 52895 TI - Air pollution and health. AB - The effects of air pollution on human health are reviewed. Data from toxicology, epidemiology, clinical and laboratory exposures are presented as a basis for an emerging etiology. Sulfur dioxide, suspended particulates, nitrogen dioxide, photochemical oxidants, and carbon monoxide are examined as stress agents to the cardio-pulmonary system. PMID- 52896 TI - Effect of anabolic steroids on plasma antithrombin III. alpha2 macroglobulin and alpha1 antitrypsin levels. AB - The effect of seven different anabolic steroids (Ethyloestrenol, Methenolone acetate, Norethandrolone, Methylandrostenediol, Oxymetholone, Methandienone, and Stanozolol) on three alpha-globulin antiprotease inhibitors of thrombin and plasmin was studied in men with ischaemic heart disease. In distinct contrast to the oral contraceptives, five of the six 17-alpha-alkylated anabolic steroids studied produced increased plasma Antithrombin III levels and five produced decreased levels of plasma alpha2-macroglobulin. The effect on plasma alpha1 antitrypsin levels was less clear-cut but three of the steroids examined produced significantly elevated levels. The increased plasma fibrinolytic activity which the 17-alpha-alkylated anabolic steroids induce is therefore unlikely to be secondary to disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 52897 TI - Antithrombin activity of intact human platelets. AB - Antithrombin activity has been identified in intact washed human platelets. An apparent activity was demonstrated at platelet concentrations above 0.31 X 10(9)/ml, when platelet suspensions were incubated with 2.0 NIH units/ml of thrombin. Neither red cells nor white cells revealed antithrombin activity. No significant loss of the platelet antithrombin activity was observed after ten successive washings or after treatment of platelets with antibodies to antithrombin III or alpha2-macroglobulin. Almost the same amount of antithrombin activity as normal platelets was demonstrated in the platelets from an afibrinogenemic patient. Pre-treatment of platelets with trypsin, papain, and neuroaminidase reduced the activity significantly, whereas lipase was without effect. The platelet antithrombin reacted with thrombin in less than 3 seconds, and this rapid reaction of platelet antithrombin was different from that of plasma antithrombin III or fibrinogen. The thrombin-like clotting activity of ancrod was inhibited by fibrinogen but not platelets. Also, unlike plasma antithrombin III or fibrinogen, brief exposure to heat (56 degrees C or 60 degrees C) reduced considerable amounts of platelet antithrombin activity. These results suggest that platelets possess a specific antithrombin with different characteristics from other known antithrombins. PMID- 52899 TI - Proceedings: Immunological cross reaction between chains of human fibrinogen. PMID- 52898 TI - Proceedings: The contribution of individual protease inhibitors to plasma antiplasmin activity. PMID- 52900 TI - Proceedings: A radioimmunoassay for human platelet beta-thromboglobulin. PMID- 52901 TI - Proceedings: Isolation and characterization of human platelet beta thromboglobulin. PMID- 52902 TI - Proceedings: Purification and immunological studies of factors XI and XIa. PMID- 52903 TI - Proceedings: The change of fibrin split products and plasmin-inhibitor in the newborn infant. PMID- 52904 TI - Proceedings: The relationship between antithrombin III, progressive antithrombin activity and anti Xa activity in plasma. PMID- 52905 TI - [Brain metastases]. PMID- 52906 TI - [Heart arrhythmias. Diagnosis]. PMID- 52908 TI - HL-A27 and anterior uveitis. AB - HL-A types were determined in 90 successive patients with non-granulomatous uveitis. Fifty-one were HL-A27 positive (55.7%) compared to 8.2% of controls. Of 16 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 13 were HL-A27 positive, as were two patients with a history of Reiter's syndrome. Twenty-eight patients were HL-A27 positive but had no evidence of rheumatic disease. The findings are discussed in relation to the possible pathogenesis of uveitis. PMID- 52907 TI - An estimation of the recombination fraction between the MLC locus and the FOUR locus. AB - Thirty-nine families with 167 children were typed for HL-A and studied in the MLC test. Two maternal recombinations between the FOUR and the MLC locus in two different families were found. An estimate of the recombination fraction between the FOUR and the MLC locus was calculated. PMID- 52909 TI - Definition in man of a polymorphic system of the normal colonic secretions. AB - A study conducted in 30 normal human colons, obtained from cadaveric kidney donors, has evidenced the presence of two polymorphic antigenic specificities, W and Z, in the secretory cells of the colon mucosa. Three phenotypes have been demonstrated so far: W-Z- (frequency: 0.17), W-Z+ (frequency: 0.23), and W+Z+ (frequency: 0.60). Specific anti-WZ and anti-W alloantibodies, independent of anti-A and B agglutinins, were found in normal sera from blood donors. No apparent correlation was found between the WZ specificities and the ABH Lewis specificities, the other blood group systems specificities, and the leucocyte group (HL-A) specificities. PMID- 52910 TI - Identification of five lymphocyte activating determinants in man. AB - Eleven putative LD-1 locus homozygous cell donors were found by MLC tests in non consanguineous families. Lymphocytes from each of them were used as stimulating typing cells in MLC tests together with responding cells from the other homozygous cell donors and from 45 random unrelated individuals. Four of the stimulating typing cells were found to identify a determinant in non-random association with HL-A7; LD-7a, three other cells typed for a determinant non randomly associated with HL-A8; LD-8a, and one cell seems to identify LD-W5 in non-random association with W5. Two possible additional LD-1 determinants, LD-oh and LD-om, were less well defined with two of the cells. The combined gene frequency of the five possible LD-1 determinants is approximately 0.45 among Norwegians. PMID- 52911 TI - Linkage disequilibrium or epistasis? PMID- 52912 TI - The acute actions of automotive exhaust gas and its components on guinea pig tracheal pressure. PMID- 52913 TI - A four-year evaluation of the chronic toxicity of megestrol acetate in dogs. PMID- 52914 TI - Comparison between the retrograde axonal transport of nerve growth factor and tetanus toxin in motor, sensory and adrenergic neurons. AB - In previous studies it has been shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) is taken up with high selectivity by adrenergic and sensory nerve terminals and is transported retrogradely to the corresponding cell bodies by a colchicine sensitive mechanism 10,11,23. The present study was designed to investigate whether this retrograde transport of NGF depends on properties of the nerve terminals which are common to all the neurons or restricted to those which respond to NGF either during the whole life cycle (adrenergic neurons) or during a restricted period of embryonic development (sensory neurons). In order to investigate the retrograde transport of NGF in motor neurons we injected [125I]NGF into the musculus deltoideus and measured the side differences of accumulation of radioactivity in the spinal cord (C6-C8) from 4-48 h. At no time was there a preferential accumulation of radioactivity on the injected side. In contrast, tetanus toxin was accumulated preferentially on the injected side and an approximate rate of transport of 7.5 mm/h was calculated. Astonishingly there was also a retrograde transport of tetanus toxin in sensory and adrenergic neurons. The rate of transport was identical to that of NGF and the transport could be blocked by transection of the corresponding nerve fibers and local administration of colchicine. After unilateral injection of [125I]tetanus toxin into the forepaw or the musculus deltoideus light microscopic autoradiographs revealed heavily labeled neuronal cell bodies in the dorsal root ganglia or the ventrolateral spinal cord of the injected side. It is concluded that the retrograde transport of [125I]NGF depends on properties of the neuronal membrane which are specific for adrenergic and sensory neurons, whereas that of tetanus toxin is determined by features which are common to all, or at least to all peripheral, neurons. The fact that the rate of transport for both NGF and tetanus toxin is identical in all examined neurons, supports the hypothesis that the specificity of retrograde transport is determined by specific uptake sites in the neuronal membrane whereas the retrograde transport system is non-specific. PMID- 52915 TI - Masking of pleomorphic glycogen sites by methanolic uranyl acetate. AB - Rat liver tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde buffered with cacodylic acid (pH 7.3) for 2 hr, washed twice in buffer, and postfixed in 2% osmium tetroxide at 4 C for 1 hr. The tissue then was dehydrated, infiltrated with and embedded in Epon by routine procedures. The ultrathin sections from this tissue, when stained with spectroscopic grade methanol saturated with uranyl acetate (SMUA) for 1 min followed by aqueous lead citrate (PbCi) (Reynolds 1963) for 5 min at room temperature, showed a uniform staining of all major cellular components except glycogen. The SMUA appeared to be specific for ribonuceloprotein granules, rendering them more prominent in the cytoplasm due to the lack of glycogen staining. The question of glycogen removal from the sections due to SMUA treatment was evulated using various extractions and staining methods. It appeared that SMUA pretreatment alters the subsequent binding ability of lead salts, resulting in lack of glycogen staining, although it does not remove the glycogen from the sections. PMID- 52916 TI - Studies in gram staining. AB - Gram-negative bacteria stained with crystal violet are decolorized by 95% alcohol within 2 min, whereas Gram-positive bacteria require at least 3 min treatment. Aqueous solutions of safranin, neutral red, and fuschsin replace crystal violet from stained Gram-positive bacteria more quickly than alcohol alone, and alcoholic solutions of these counterstains are in most cases still more effective. Treatment of crystal violet-stained organisms with alcoholic safranin (0.25%) for 15 sec will distinguish Gram-positive bacteria (violet) from Gram negative bacteria (pink). Alcohol containing very low concentrations of iodine generally decolorizes crystal violet-stained Gram-positive bacteria more quickly than alcohol alone. Increasing concentrations of iodine in alcohol reduce the rate of decolorization of stained bacteria, but stained Gram-negative bacteria are still readily decolorized. The addition of 0.1% iodine to alcohol increases the rate of extraction of crystal violet by alcohol from Gram-negative organisms, but delays extraction of dye from Gram-positive organisms, and this applies when counterstain is also present. A two-solution modification of Gram staining is described in which crystal violet-stained bacteria are treated with an alcoholic solution of safranin, fuchsin, and iodine. PMID- 52917 TI - Staining method for whole-body autoradiography. AB - Sagittal whole-body sections of frozen mice were cut on a hydraulicly driven microtome in a cryostat at--15 C by applying cotton or nylon-backed adhesive tape to the mouse before cutting. Section thickness was 20 mu. The sections, still adhering to the tape, were dried in the cryostat (-15C) under atmospheric pressure. After autoradiography, the sections were pressed to a glass slide spread with a mixture of albumin and glycerin. The slide was immersed in xylene at 30 C for 15 min. The tape was then removed from the slide, where the section remained to be stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The section thus obtained enabled the tissue histology to be related to the autoradiogram. This method may also be applied to histochemical studies of substances insoluble in xylene. PMID- 52918 TI - Plastic sectioning for light microscopy of Pyrenomycetes. AB - In preparation for light microscopy, ascocarps of Sordaria fimicola Ces. & DeNot. were embedded in Spurr's medium and sectioned at 1-1.5 mum on an ultramicrotome. Sections were floated on Giemsa staining solution at 60 C for 10-30 min, washed in distilled water, affixed to slides by drying, and mounted in immersion oil. Best preservation of the delicate sterile tissues of the centrum was obtained by fixation in 1% KMnO4 for 2.5-3 hr, followed by the Giemsa stain. This method is suggested for future studies on the morphology of perithecial ascomycetes. PMID- 52919 TI - Thin layer chromatography of certain preformed metal complex dyes used in biological staining. AB - Thin-layer chromatographic systems are described for the analysis of various performed metal complex dyes (aluminon-chromium (III), carminic acid-aluminum, carminic acid-chromium (III), carminic acid-iron (III), celestine blue-chromium (III), gallamine blue-chromium (III), gallocyanin-chromium (III), hematein aluminum, hematein-chromium (III), purpurin-aluminum) and their parent dyes. Certain of these dyes have also been analysed by agar-gel electrophoresis or gel filtration chromatography. The merits of the three analytical methods are discussed. PMID- 52920 TI - Evaluation of six fluorescent protein stains for use in flow microfluorometry. AB - Flow microfluorometric (FMF) analysis of stained cells has provided protein distribution histograms for large populations of cells. Spectral data and staining protocols were evaluated for six fluorescent protein dyes suggested for staining cells in liquid suspension. The requirements for dyes and/or staining protocol included minimal cell clumping and cell loss, near-optimal dye excitation at existing laser wavelengths, and tenacity of the dye/protein interaction. These criteria were best satisfied by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC). Both fluorescamine and 8-aniline-1 naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANSA) showed potential applicability for use in systems where excitation wavelengths in the ultraviolet range are available. Protein staining with fluorescamine was extremely rapid. Brilliant sulfaflavine and 1-dimethyl-aminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride (DANSYL) were found unsatisfactory in these studies, since the former dye tended to diffuse from the cells, while the latter induced excessive cell clumping and cell loss. These techniques have application to immunofluorescence analysis and can also be profitably employed in dual-parameter analysis systems in connection with double staining techniques for simultaneous DNA and protein analysis. PMID- 52921 TI - Double-embedding techniques for light microscope histology. PMID- 52922 TI - Poststaining sections for electron microscopy: an alternate procedure. PMID- 52923 TI - [Studies on combined lesions. 22. Studies on serum proteins by means of CAF electrophoresis in mice, treated with whole body radiation and with open skin wounds]. AB - After combined injuries, much more pronounced changes in the protein composition of serum develop than simply after skin wounding or irradiation. A decrease was found in the prealbumin, albumin, alpha1-globulin and gamma-globulin fractions while the alpha2-globulin and beta-globulin fractions increased. If skin wounds were inflicted prior or almost simultaneously to irradiation, the serum protein changes as induced by irradiation become normalized earlier. I1 skin wounds were inflicted after irradiation they caused very pronounced alteration in the protein picture which develops in a course parallel to the increasing lethality. Only if the skin wounds were inflicted 21 days after irradiation, that they appeared to have nearly no influence in the form of augmenting protein changes. The gamma globulin content increased considerably after the 14th day after irradiation. An additional skin wound, however, caused a depression of the gamma-globulins; but the values were still significantly higher than normal. PMID- 52925 TI - A speculative comparison of allotypic suppression and allotypic blast transformation: control of expression of T and B cell immunoglobulin allotypic markers by a B cell product. PMID- 52924 TI - Immunological suppression of idiotypic specificities. PMID- 52926 TI - The response to phosphorylcholine: dissecting an immune response. PMID- 52927 TI - Serum factors and red cell enzymes in Carib and Arowak Indians from Surinam. AB - The results of the electrophoretic phenotyping of some genetic markers (haptoglobin, group specific component, transferrin, haemoglobin, glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenase) in two tribal Indian populations from Surinam are presented. Most of the gene frequencies fit well into the pattern of frequencies of the Amerindian Carib group. The finding of Hb AS and GDA in a small number of individuals, mainly Caribs, demonstrates some admixture by Negroes. PMID- 52928 TI - Evaluation of the crossed-over electrophoresis test for the immunodiagnosis of human hydatid disease. AB - The crossed-over electrophoresis (COE) test for hydatidosis was evaluated with sera from preoperative, surgically-confirmed hydatidosis cases, postoperative hydatidosis patients, healthy donors and persons with other parasitic and non parasitic diseases. The sensitivity and specificity of the test varied with the use of concentrated or unconcentrated serum and when test positivity was based on readings carried out before or after citrate treatment of slides or after their staining. Although the sensitivity of the COE test was higher than that obtained by the immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) test, it was not possible to differentiate hydatid from non-hydatid sera by the former technique. The IEP test based on the detection of the Echinococcus granulosus arc 5 as criterion of positivity was found to be the test of choice for this purpose. No false positive results were obtained in non-hydatid sera. PMID- 52929 TI - Application of the immunoelectrophoresis test for hydatidosis in patients with a presumptive diagnosis of the disease. AB - The Echinococcus granulosus diagnostic arc 5 was detected by the immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) test in 43 of 51 sera from patients with a presumptive clinical diagnosis of hydatid disease when stained slides were examined. In 22 of these, however, the arc 5 was readily recognized in the reading following citrate treatment of the slide. The routine reading of slides after 24 and 48 hours of incubation is recommended in an attempt to provide the clinician with an earlier immunological confirmation of hydatidosis by the IEP test. The definitive reading of the stained slide has the added advantage of detecting a larger number of uncharacterized precipitation bands which may be of value in preoperative lydatid sera lacking the diagnostic arc and in the post operatory serological monitoring of hydatid cases. PMID- 52930 TI - [Treatment of solid forms of cancer]. PMID- 52931 TI - Prostatitis: Man's hidden infection. AB - Prostatitis exists when inflammation of prostatic glands and tissues results from infection or allergy. Gram-positive and negative bacteria cause most prostatic infections, but infections may also be caused by fungi, mycoplasma, viruses, and other nonbacterial infecting agents. Precise diagnostic localization of infection to prostatic glands is accomplished by obtaining divided urinary specimens and prostatic fluid and observing numbers of bacteria (or other infecting agents) present in each specimen. Treatment of prostatitis remains difficult because of several factors: patients may lack the normal prostatic antibacterial factors and only a few commonly used antibiotics pass the plasma-prostate barrier and enter prostatic fluid. For proper therapy, one must select antibiotics known to penetrate into prostate tissue and fluid and to which the infecting organism is demonstrated to be sensitive. Even so, optimal cure rates following antibiotic therapy seem no better than 33 per cent. Nonspecific methods of treatment such as surgical excision of prostatic tissue, prostatic massage, sitz baths, relaxants, and supportive psychologic therapy contribute to the rehabilitation of patients with prostatitis. Relapse or recurrence of prostatitis is frequent. Longterm (in excess of six months) follow-up is required to ascertain cure. PMID- 52932 TI - Is colony count necessary? AB - Evidence presented herein suggests that: (1) If the Gram stain of the spun urinary sediment is negative, there is no need to do a culture, sensitivity test, and colony count since significant bacteriuria and urinary infection are not present. There are very few false negative results. (2) Since there are many false positive Gram stains, the test is not specific. A positive Gram stain of the spun urinary sediment does not mean that bacteriuria is present. (3) The test is very sensitive in that practically all bacteriuric subjects had a positive Gram stain. (4) Because the Gram stain of the spun urinary sediment is so sensitive, a positive spun urinary sediment and culture should be treated regardless of the colony count. PMID- 52934 TI - Massive prostatic hypertrophy. AB - An unusual case is presented in which an enormously enlarged prostate gland, producing minimal urinary tract symptoms and changes, was removed via the retropubic route without operative complications and with a benign postoperative course. Applicability of the retropubic procedure in such cases is emphasized. A brief review of the literature is tabulated. PMID- 52933 TI - Megestrol acetate in treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy. AB - In this study we found no significant effect on benign prostatic hypertrophy due to megestrol using standard clinical criteria. However, there is evidence using urinary drop spectrometer data which makes one suspect that megestrol does have a positive effect. If there is an effect, it is apparently so small as to be undetectable using the clinical protocol of this investigation. Since the urodynamic evidence does indicate a possibility of a positive effect, it appears reasonable to investigate further using a different protocol - perhaps a higher dosage and/or a more controlled test population. PMID- 52935 TI - Periprostatic abscess. Unusual complication of transurethral prostatectomy. AB - Many large series analyzing the results and complications of transurethral prostatectomy have failed to mention the occurrence of periprostatic abscess. A case is described which followed perforation of the posterior capsule at the time of transurethral prostatic resection. This complication was successfully managed by transperineal needle aspiration and high-dosage antibiotic therapy. PMID- 52936 TI - [Adverse effect of long-term use of vasoconstrictive drops on the nasal mucosa]. PMID- 52937 TI - [Surgical aspects of the acid-producing function of the stomach in peptic ulcer]. AB - In the paper, the results of studies on the acid-producing function of the stomach in ulcerous disease and its dependence on regulatory disturbances (neuro humoral) and the type of an irritant are analysed. It was found that patients with ulcerous disease were characterized by dysfunction of the vegetative nervous system, and as a result of it there is a pathological irritability of acid producing cells being one of causes of fluctuations in acidity at all stages of gastric secretion. It is concluded that gastric secretion may not be used in pathogenetic foundation of surgical methods of treatment for ulcerous disease, and for this purpose one should act in accordance with the state of neuro-humoral mechanisms of regulation of the gastric function concerned. PMID- 52938 TI - [Experimental study of a combination preparation of a ferrodextran complex, gamma globulin, trace elements and vitamins]. AB - A combined preparation was produced, containing the Bulgarian ferrodextran complex, edema-disease gamma-globulin, microelements (Co, Mn, Cu), and vitamins (B1, B6, PP), pro uso veterinario. It was found that the product (B-50), kept under ordinary conditions in the course of one year, does not change its physicochemical properties and is not distinguished substantially by toxicity (Fe3+/kg liveweight) from the initial ferrodextran complex, but is resorbed more slowly following its muscular application to rabbits. B50 combines the properties of the fast-resorbing ferrodextran preparations giving slight local coloration with those of preparations having antianemic, growth-stimulating, and resistance enhancing effects. PMID- 52939 TI - Infectious primate type C viruses: Three isolates belonging to a new subgroup from the brains of normal gibbons. PMID- 52941 TI - Distribution of three classes of endogenous type-C RNA viruses among inbred strains of mice. PMID- 52940 TI - Murine sarcoma virus defectiveness. Viral polymerase expression murine and nonmurine host cells transformed by S+L-type murine sarcoma virus. PMID- 52942 TI - Studies on the origin of pandemic influenza viruses V. Persistence of Asian influenza virus hemagglutinin (H2) antigen in nature? PMID- 52943 TI - A delection mutant of bacteriophage f1 containing no intact cistrons. PMID- 52945 TI - [Mechanisms of carcinogenesis and factors in anticarcinogenesis]. PMID- 52944 TI - [Immunological interrelationships of the body and the tumor]. PMID- 52946 TI - The effect of flavins and enzyme inhibitors on 4-nitrobenzoic acid reductase and azo reductase of Ascaris lumbricoides var suum. AB - 1. The effects of inhibitors and activators on the azo- and nitro-reductases of Ascaris lumbricoides var suum have been investigated. Both types of reduction were inhibited by FAD, FMN, riboflavin, allopurinol, dicoumarol, 5-nitro-2 furaldehyde, azide and cyanide at concentrations of 1 mM. Neither reaction was inhibited by menadione, nitrofurantoin, SKF 525-A or fluoride. Both reactions were stimulated by addition of hypoxanthine. 2. The enzyme preparation contained no detectable aldehyde oxidase or xanthine oxidase activity. 3. The differences in the effects of flavins and inhibitors on mammalian and nematode azo- and nitro reductases might have practical significance in the development of anthelmintic synergists. PMID- 52947 TI - Photobiological behaviour of bacteria and phages supplemented with aza-analogoues of nucleic acid bases. AB - The photochemical stability of anomalous nucleic acid bases of the azatype, 5 azacytosine (I), 5-azacytidine (II), 6-azacytosine (III), 6-azacytidine (IV), 6 azathymine (V), 6-azauracil (VI), and 8-aza-adenine (VII) to U. V. light of the wavelength 254 nm differs from the U. V. stability of the normal constituents. Changes of the U.V. inactivation of Escherichia coli K12 C600, E. coli B, Bacillus cereus, as well as E. coli phages gamma cb2 and gamma b2b5 supplemented with azaderivatives prior to irradiation were investigated. It was found that I, II, III, IV, and VII are more, V and VI less sensitive to U. V. light compared with corresponding natural nucleic acid bases. Their changed U. V. sensitivities are reflected in the survival curves after U. V. -irradiation in as far as azabases are incorporated into the nucleic acids in vivo. This explains the increase in U.V. sensitivity of E. coli K12 C600, E. coli B, and B. cereus supplemented with I, II, III, IV, and VII and the decrease in U.V. sensitivity of Streptococcus faecalis supplemented with V (the latter information was taken from Gunther and Prusoff 1967). The lack of any significant influence on inactivation curves of E. coli K12 C600 by V and VI, and on E. coli phages gamma cb2 and gamma c2b5 by II, is discussed in terms of too small incorporation rates. No discrimination was put forward with respect to DNA and RNA incorporation. PMID- 52948 TI - [Maternal serum-alpha-fetoprotein for monitoring risk-pregnancies (author's transl)]. AB - This study confirms essentially the results of other investigators who found a good correlation between fetal risk and maternal AFP level. This adds an immuno chemical technique to well-known methods of monitoring risk-pregnancies (ultra sound, HPL, estrogenes) which enables us to measure a specific fetal metabolic product, alpha-feto-protein, in amniotic fluid, umbilical blood and maternal serum. PMID- 52949 TI - [Leishmaniasis cutanes recidivans. Report of a case]. PMID- 52950 TI - [Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 52951 TI - [Immunohistochemical studies on non neoplastic and neoplastic gastric mucosa. Determination of embryonic and specific antigens (author's transl)]. AB - The distributions of acid alpha1-glycoprotein, alpha1-fetoprotein, beta galactosidase and gastrin in gastric carcinoma and gastric ulcer as well as in the neighbourhood of these lesions were studied by means of immunohistochemical methods on imprint preparation. We could not find significant differences between gastric carcinoma and the nonneoplastic lesions, except for the acid alpha1 glycoprotein. The results of this first study indicate that the immunochemical and immunohistological assay of acid alpha1-glycoprotein might be of practical value in diagnosing malignant changes of gastric mucosa. PMID- 52953 TI - [Effect of sparteine sulfate on the predamaged conduction system of the heart]. AB - Antiarrhythmic drugs are known to cause AV-blockade. In animals and healthy humans the alcaloid of the gorse sparteine sulphate has been reported not to cause those side effects. We have studied in 10 patients with predamaged conduction system the grade of AV-blockade, the AV-interval and the intraventricular excitation spread by e.c.g. after i.v. injection of 200 mg sparteine sulphate (ajmalin, 50 mg i.v. as control). In 6 out of 10 patients no side effects have been observed. In 4 patients both sparteine and ajmalin injection caused higher graded AV-blockade. Our results suggest that sparteine sulphate like other antiarrhythmic drugs should not be administered to patients with a predamaged conduction system. PMID- 52952 TI - [Low molecular weight IgM in human sera (author's transl)]. AB - During evolution of vertebrates 7S-IgM-antibodies are the first developed specific antibodies. In man monomeric IgM is not observed in sera of healthy newborns, children or adults. The detection of 7S-IgM in monoclonal gammopathies (Waldenstrom's disease 71.4%, IgA-myeloma 47.8%, IgG-myeloma 24.2%, benigne monoclonal IgA-gammopathy 37.5%, benigne monoclonal IgG-gammopathy 15.5%) autoimmune (SLE 26.6%, multiple sclerosis 18%, chronic atrophic gastritis 14%, chronic aggressive hepatitis 35%) and in some infectious diseases (virus hepatitis 25%) is believed to be an atavistic primary IgM response, occurring in case of elevated humoral immune reactions and disorders of lymphatic tissues. PMID- 52954 TI - [Regulation of the biosynthesis of protein at the level of translation. II. Analysis of the means of regulation by determination of the kinetic parameters of translation]. PMID- 52955 TI - [Results of conservative treatment of condylomata acuminata]. PMID- 52956 TI - [Chances of surgery in a prostatic adenoma patient with kidney damage]. PMID- 52957 TI - [Palliative treatment-measures in inoperable cancer of the cardia]. PMID- 52958 TI - [Simulation of ankylosis]. PMID- 52959 TI - [Genetic aspects in anencephalus]. AB - According to one case of repeated anencephalic pregnancy the etiology of anencephaly has been discussed. The possibilities of prevention of repeated anencephalic pregnancies are described. To determine the alpha-I-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid and the ultrasonic diagnosis are most important in risk pregnancies. The significance of genetic counselling and examination in definitive risk population is advised. PMID- 52960 TI - Investigations on the carcinogenic burden by air pollution in man. XIII. Assessment of the contribution of passenger cars to air pollution by carcinogenic polycylic hydrocarbons. AB - A total of 100 passenger cars were tested with regard to the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) emitted during the EUROPA-Test (E.-Test, simulate city driving; 4 times 195 s). As determined by frequency of registration, the 20 most common car models were chosen. Each model was represented by 5 cars. The total amount of selected 14 PAH emitted by all test vehicles during an E.-test is in the range of 1-16 mg. As can be seen from the average of fuel consumption (409.4 g/E.-test) and benzo(a)pyrene emission (41.6 mug/E.-test), 1000 kg of burned fuel yield 101 mg of benzo(a)pyrene. Based on the consumption of gasoline in 1973 in West Germany (18508200 tons), an annual amount of 1.85 tons of benzo(a)pyrene is produced by gas engine vehicles. However, the biological effect of the automobile exhaust is still larger because it contains additional carcinogenic PAH. - A statistical evaluation of the results shows that different car models can not be distinguish by their PAH emission. When evaluating individual vehicles after 5 repeated E.-tests, the margin of error for any single PAH is between 6.3-10.9% (variation coefficient) for this car. A larger margin of error is obtained by pooling 5 different vehicles of the same model. PMID- 52961 TI - [Experiences with the macrophage electrophoresis mobility test (MEM test) in the diagnosis of malignant gynecological diseases]. AB - In 1970, Field and Caspary reported that lymphocytes from patients with a malignant disease could be stimulated by an encephalitogenic factor, the myelin basic protein from human brain. After in vitro incubation with this protein the stimulated lymphocytes release a factor ("macrophage slowing factor") which reduces the electrophoretic mobility of guinea-pig macrophages. In general, this effect was not found in lymphocytes from patients with non-malignant disease. On the base of this unexpected finding the hitherto most successful way to an universal and early in vitro test for cancer detection was established. Experiences are reported with the macrophage-electrophoretic-mobility-test (MEM test) at 38 patients with malignant and 16 patients with non-malignant gynaecological disease in various stages of disease and treatment. The test was positive in all malignant diseases. Significance and perspectives of the test system with respect to the tumour diagnostic were discussed. PMID- 52962 TI - [The effect of fluoridated phenylethanolamines on hyperglycemia induced by catecholamines in the rat]. AB - 10 compounds from the 2.4- and 3.4-difluorinated phenylethanol-amines series were tested for their antagonistic action against a hyperglycemia induced by catecholamines in rats, and the ED50 and AD50 values were determined. All the substances acted beta-adrenolytically, with the glycogenolysis enhanced by isoproterenol being blocked more potently by 3.4-difluorophenylethanolamines than by the corresponding 2.4-difluoroderivatives. An exception in the series is 2.4 difluoro-n-butylnoradrenalin, which acts 10fold more beta-adrenolytically than the 3.4-difluoroderivative, and has 3 times the effect of the comparative substance dichloroisoproterenol. PMID- 52963 TI - Papillary thyroid carcinoma in Denmark 1943-68. II. Treatment and survival. AB - A comparison of the present non-selected, nation-wide material with series from hospitals abroad indicates that the prognosis may be improved by more extensive operations on the thyroid gland, avoiding complications such as paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and tetany. The surgical efforts should also be supplemented with postoperative suppression of the TSH production. In seeking to explain the differences from American data, it should not be overlooked that papillary thyroid carcinoma may be inclined to take a more serious course in Denmark than in a number of other countries. Moreover, a nation-wide material must by necessity show less favorable results than data from specialized units. In the present retrospective study it was not possible to report 20- and 30-year survival rates. This is a task for the future, like the planning of prospective studies which, in the case of a disease as rare as papillary thyroid carcinoma, should be established on an international basis. PMID- 52964 TI - Squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus. AB - Twenty-nine patients treated for squamous-cell carcinoma of the anus were studied. Fifteen patients (52%) died from recurrent disease within 3 years of treatment, including patients treated palliatively only. Among 24 patients treated curatively 19 had an abdominoperineal resection. Ten of these patients were alive without recurrence 3-11 years after the operation. Of 5 patients treated with local excision, 4 were alive without recurrence at follow-up 3-6 years later. The prognosis and the type of treatment in relation to the location of the tumour-in the anal canal or at the anal margin-are discussed. PMID- 52965 TI - Embryology of the epidermis: ultrastructural aspects. II. Period of differentiation in the mouse with mammalian comparisons. AB - A detailed light and electron microscopic study of the cellular morphology of the epidermis in the 13 through 16 day mouse fetus reveals that an occasional intermediate cell is interposed between the basal and peridermal layers on day 13. All layers are mitotically active. Tonofilaments, unassociated with desmosomes, are present within the basal cell cytoplasm and the mitotic axis of the basal cells has changed from a parallel to a perpendicular plane with respect to the epidermal surface. At 14 days, a complete stratum intermedium, composed of one or two cell layers, is present. Rarely, developing hemidesmosomes are observed. Pools of glycogen are present in all cells below the periderm. The periderm is dense and no longer mitotically active. The skein of filaments, present in the inferior cytoplasmic region of the basal cells on days 12 and 13, is now absent. In the 15 day fetus, numerous developing hemidesmosomes are present. The stratum intermedium contains three to four layers of cells, and filaments are located deep within the cytoplasm of these intermediate cells. Rarely, a few developing keratohyalin granules and keratinosomes are present. A stratum intermedium is no longer present in the 16 day fetus. This region is now composed of a stratum spinosum and a stratum granulosum. Numerous keratinosomes are located in the upper stratum spinosum and lower stratum granulosum. The cells in the stratum granulosum are nucleated and the uppermost cells contain large keratohyalin granules. Three heterogeneous and one homogeneous type of keratohyalin granule is described. Dense bodies are present within mitochondria, nuclei, glycogen pools and the peridermal cytoplasm. The periderm is no longer dense and glycogen and keratohyalin granules are not observed in this layer. PMID- 52966 TI - Alteration in the surface morphology of synchronized B-16 melanoma cell during the cell cycle. AB - B-16 melanoma cells were synchronized for G1-S periods by mitotic shake-off and S G2 periods by thymidine block. The surface morphology of the B-16 melanoma at low density partially confluent culures revealed that, as in other cell systems investigated, the surface morphology could be correlated with four periods to cell cycle: G1, S, G2 and M. G1 cells were rounded and possessed microvilli, blebs and ruffles (late G1). During S period, blebs and microvilli diminished and disappeared, but ruffles were more evident. Late G2 cells acquired microvilli, surface blebs, and extended filopodia and began to thicken and round themselves for mitosis. PMID- 52967 TI - Urinary excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa in patients with primary melanoma or melanoma metastasis. AB - Urinary excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa was studied in 9 patients with primary melanoma. All had 5-S-cysteinyldopa excretion in the normal range. In 8 of the patients excretion values decreased after removal of the tumour. Twenty-four patients with clinical signs of melanoma metastasis were examined for 5-S cysteinyldopa and dopa+dopamine in the urine. 16 of the 24 had pathologically increased excretion of 5-S-cysteinyldopa and 7 of the 24 had pathological excretion of dopa+dopamine. Six of the latter belonged to the group with increased 5-S-cysteinyldopa excretion and one patient had a borderline value of 5 S-cysteinyldopa. Determination of 5-S-cysteinyldopa seems to be of value in the follow-up of patients operated on for primary melanoma. PMID- 52968 TI - Use of affinity chromatography for purification of tyrosinase. AB - The possibility of using affinity chromatography for the purification of tyrosinase was explored. When purified mushroom tyrosinase was employed, almost all tyrosinase became bound to Sepharose containing 3-iodotyrosine, an inhibitor of tyrosinase. When crude extracts from B16 melanoma were employed, partial purification of tyrosinase and separation of two or possibly three forms of tyrosinase could be obtained. The results indicate that affinity chromatography could possibly be employed for the purification of tyrosinase during the final stages of the purification procedures. PMID- 52969 TI - B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and phytohaemagglutinin responsiveness in atopic dermatitis. AB - The spontaneous binding of sheep erythrocytes to human lymphocytes with the formation of rosettes was used as a measure of thymus-derived lymphocytes and the rosette formation with complement-coated sheep erythrocytes as a measure of bursa dependent lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with atopic dermatitis. Both percentage proportion and the absolute number of thymus-derived lymphocytes were slightly but significantly reduced. In a few patients with atopic dermatitis the percentage and absolute number of bursa-dependent lymphocytes were increased. However, when all values were considered, no significant differences were demonstrated. The responsiveness of cultured lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin was normal when the culture medium contained foetal calf serum. The response of normal lymphocytes was not impaired by serum from patients with atopic dermatitis. However, the response was depressed when atopic dermatitis lymphocytes were cultured in medium containing autologous serum, indication that a partial lymphocyte defect becomes manifest only in the presence of a serum factor, presumably IgE. PMID- 52970 TI - Abnormal cutaneous reactions in dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - In 94% of the patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, a locally applied ointment with an ester of nicotinic acid (Trafuril) induced an abnormal reaction with erythema, edema, papules, and often vesicles. The appearance of the reaction to Trafuril is similar to DH lesions. It differs markedly from the reactions to iodide where, as a rule, only one large blister results. The reaction is most pronounced 12-24 hours after application of Trafuril. The reactivity is strongest in the predilection areas for dermatitis herpetiformis. Strongly increased reactivity to Trafuril in DH is induced by pretreatment with streptokinase, streptokinase-streptodornase, or urokinase. Diminished reactivity to Trafuril is seen after pretreatment with injections of Compound 48/80, tranexamic acid, cromoglycate, or application of fluocinolone-acetonide, as well as after stroking the skin. PMID- 52971 TI - Deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the dermoepidermal junction of patients with anaphylactoid purpura. AB - Skin biopsies from 3 patients with anaphylactoid purpura examined by an immunofluorescence technique revealed deposits of immunoglobulins, complement C3, and fibrinogen in the dermo-epidermal junction and in vessel walls of clinically involved as well as uninvolved skin. The deposits in the dermo-epidermal junction are similar to those seen in the skin of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 52972 TI - On the diagnosis of Fabry's disease. AB - Fabry's disease is a recessive X-linked inborn error of metabolism due to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase. The large variety of symptoms may make the diagnosis difficult. A severely afflicted female patient is presented. For several years she had been treated under the diagnosis polyarteritis nodosa until the characteristic cutaneous lesions of Fabry's disease were recognized. Enzymatic studies and electronmicroscopic examinations confirmed the diagnosis. A symptomatic effect of corticosteroid treatment was proven. The grave prognosis, the recent attempts at enzyme substitution therapy and the possibility of preventing new cases by prenatal diagnosis should stimulate the efforts of the clinician to diagnose the disease. PMID- 52973 TI - Treatment of psoriasis with oral psoralens and longwave ultraviolet light. Therapeutic results and cytogenetic hazards. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to study the usefulness of oral treatment of psoriasis with psoralens and longwave ultraviolet light and the possible cytogenetic hazards of this therapy. 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in doses between 15 and 60 mg orally followed 2 hours later by UVA irradiation of one side of the body gave a healing of the irradiated side in 24 of 40 cases and an improvment in another 11 cases while only one case healed on the side of body that was not irradiated. The most common undesired side effect was pruritus on the irradiated side of the body. The cytogenetic study showed that 8-MOP and UVA treatment of lymphocytes in vitro gives rise to chromosomal aberrations. In a combined in vivo-in vitro study where the lymphocytes had been isolated from a patient 2 hours after intake of 60-80 mg 8-MOP and then irradiated with therapeutic UVA doses, a significant increase in chromosomal aberrations was found. When chromosome analyses were made on the patients whilst the 8-MOP treatment was temporarily withdrawn and when the lymphocytes were not irradiated in vitro, no increased frequency of chromosomal abberations was found on comparison with a group of psoriatic patients receiving dithranol therapy. PMID- 52974 TI - Herpes simplex: cicatricial type. AB - An example of a cicatricial form of recurrent herpes simplex is presented. Although the initial appearance of the lesions was identical with non-scarring forms of herpes simplex, this patient's lesions progressed insidiously to eschar formation. Healing was delayed for four to seven weeks, with subsequent atrophic scar formation. Scarring and local recurrence could be prevented by curettage, and acridine orange and ultraviolet light therapy within 48 hours of an attack. Other modalities employed over a fourteen year period were largely ineffectual. It was concluded that the ulceration and scar formation were an intrinsic part of the herpetic process in this patient. PMID- 52975 TI - Sezary syndrome with arthropathy. Report of a case. AB - A 65-year-old black female with Sezary syndrome had generalized intractable pruritus, erythroderma, alopecia, onychogryphosis, lumphadenopathy and hepatomegaly. Abnormal lymphocytes with large, convoluted and grooved nuclei (Sezary cells) were identified in the skin and peripheral blood. A striking feature of her disease was severe, deforming arthropathy of the hands and knees, a clinical finding which has been described previously in only one patient with Sezary syndrome. At necropsy no associated lymphoma was found. PMID- 52976 TI - Pachyonychia congenita. A clinical, histological and microradiographic study with special reference to oral manifestations. AB - This paper rresents a clinical, histological and microradiographic study of three patients with pachyonychia congenita with special reference to oral manifestations. The patients, who are relatives, exhibited thickening of finger- and toe-nails, follicular keratosis, palmoplantar keratosis and hyperhidrosis, oral leukokeratosis, and natal teeth. It is stated in the discussion that natal teeth and oral leukokeratosis may constitute the earliest clinical manifestations of pachyonychia congenita and that they appear to accur earlier than nail lesions. When there is a hereditary disposition for pachyonychia congenita, it is important to inspect the oral cavity at an early stage. PMID- 52977 TI - Treatment of familial benign chronic pemphigus by skin grafting. AB - A report on a patient with familial benign chronic pemphigus, resistant to all conservative therapy, treated in several stages by surgical excision of the most affected areas and reconstruction with split skin grafts. The follow-up period of the treated sites varies from two to eight years. All grafted sites have remained totally asymptomatic and there has been no sign of recurrence. Outside the grafted areas the disease is still as active as before. PMID- 52978 TI - Letter: Report of the meeting of the international committee of dermatology in Mexico City, October 31 to November 2, 1974. PMID- 52979 TI - Nucleic acids in the pathogenesis of human leukemia. Introductory remarks. PMID- 52980 TI - Biochemical approach to bovine leukemia. AB - Many bovine leukemic lymphocytes produce virus particles when kept in survival cultures in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium supplemented with 20 percent of inactivated fetal calf serum. Virus particles equilibrate at a density of 1.16 g/ml in sucrose gradients and at a density of 1.12 g/ml in metrizamide gradients. Simultaneous detection tests show that a high molecular weight RNA-reverse transcriptase complex exists in these viruses. Hybridizations between total RNA from bovine leukemic lymphocytes and C-DNA prepared in various known RNA oncogenic viruses show that the virus associated with bovine leukosis is unrelated to RLV, SSV-1, MSV-Ki, FSV-Ga and FLV-Ri. PMID- 52981 TI - In vitro DNA synthesis on smooth membranes observed by fluorescence. AB - Smooth membranes have been isolated from a human diploid line of lymphocytes. These membranes exhibit an endogenous DNA-synthesizing capability which is partially destroyed by prior treatment with RNase. In order to ascertain the role of the membranes in the DNA synthesis we have examined the conformation of the membrane proteins by observing fluorescence changes of the intrinsic probe, tryptophan. We have observed that on addition of the deoxynucleoside-5' triphosphates, which permits DNA synthesis, there are fluorescence changes due to the tryptophan residue; when DNA synthesis is prevented by omitting some of the precursor triphosphates, fluorescence changes are absent. These effects have been observed with plasma and nuclear membrane fractions; the former may contain a small fraction of the latter. Similar membrane preparations from non-lymphoid cells do not process the endogenous DNA-synthesizing system, as shown by the lack of incorporation of radioactive precursors of fluorescence changes. PMID- 52982 TI - [The histochemical evidence of the cholinesterase in the integument by means of the copper ferro cyanide methode (author's transl)]. AB - With the aid of the Ferrocyanidmethod from KARNOVSKI und ROOTS ChE-positiv structures in the skin of various laboratory animals and of man were located. Specific cholinesterase is found in verves, around apocrine sweat glands and around eccrine sweat glands of some species. In the stratum basale of the epidermis from the rat you can demonstrate a high concentration of acetylcholinesterase. Unspecific cholinesterase is detectable in nerves, in the blood vessels, in the lumen of apocrine sweat glands and sebaceous glands. PMID- 52983 TI - [Methods of the histochemical detection of biogenic amines (author's transl)]. AB - Histochemical and ultrahistochemical methods for the demonstration of biogenic amines are investigated with regard to their efficiencies and limitations. For the purposes of the light microscopy fluorescent histochemical methods at present are sufficient. Hereby beta-arylethyl-amines and indolalkylamines are demonstrable with formaldehyde or glyoxylic acid whilst histamine is traceable with o-phthaldialdehyde. In this connection those chemical and physical conditions of this methods are shown, under which the demarcation and quantitative determination of the several amines is possible. Ultrahistochemically biogenic amines can be demonstrated by means of the chromaffine and the argentaffine reaction, the reaction with permanganate and the REINECKE-salt precipitation technique. Apart from the latter one, all these methods are based on an initially reaction between glutaraldehyde and amines. Thus these techniques might be founded on one and the same principle. Besides, the demonstration of adreanline as a secondary amine might be hindered also by the fact that the product of its reaction with glutaraldehyde is soluble in water. On the other hand the reaction product of primary amines with glutaraldehyde is insoluble in water. When using REINECKE-salt the correctly localizated precipitation of amines is the first step of the reaction. After that the treatment with glutaraldehyde is only serving for the fixation of the tissues. But the ultrahistochemical methods mentioned above altogether are showing a deficiency as far as they do not allow to make the several amines selectively visible. Therefore a quantitative ultrahistochemistry of biogenic amines is still impossible at present. PMID- 52984 TI - Distribution of ruthenium red staining material in the cerebral cortex of rat. AB - The ultrastructural distribution of ruthenium red staining material is studied in the cerebral cortex of rat. It is established that the material is located equally along the cell surface of the neurons, glial and endothelial cells, and within a number of cell organelles: mitochondria, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, synaptic vesicles and throughout both membranes of the nuclear envelope. Using digestion with hyaluronidase and trypsin, and lipid extraction an attempt is made to determine the participation of some chemical compounds such as acid mucopolysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids and acid polypeptides in the composition of the ruthenium red-positive material. Moreover, the problem of the optimal conditions for the carrying out of ruthenium red staining in the CNS is discussed. PMID- 52985 TI - Analytical electron microscopic identification of cytochemical products in thin sections. AB - A cytochemical technique utilizing a chromium complex to localize biogenic amines in tissue has been studied using energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The X-ray analysis procedure shows that chromium is indeed involved in the complex at the biogenic amine locus. This demonstrates intraneuronal sites for neurotransmitter agents and shows that the combined methodologies of histochemistry, cytochemistry, electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis can provide new methods and insights into cellular metabolic activity. PMID- 52986 TI - Light and electron microscopic studies of the pulmonary alveolar surfactant. AB - 22 methods of light and electron microscopy have been tested for the identification of the pulmonary alveolar surfactant. Among the non electron microscopic methods Romhanyi's anisotropic staining with toluidine blue was the most serviceable. In addition to simple performance it allows the identification of the smallest alteration -- not to be identified by other methods -- of the alveolar surfactant. Among the electron microscopic technics Ruthenium Red staining and Dermer's tricomplex method yielded the best results. Given that different chemical components of the alveolar surfactant will be identified by these 2 methods they supplement each other favourably. In the study of human cadaver material Baker's phospholipid reaction and Romhanyi's anisotropic toluidine blue reaction is being used. PMID- 52988 TI - Studies on metachromasia. III. Toluidine blue-substrate interaction and metachromasia. AB - With salts as substrates the metachromatic responses of the thiazine dye, Toluidine blue are studied. It is found that generally salts produce a gamma metachromatic response. The substrate-dye interaction is studied in detail and the results are discussed in the light of various interpretations of previous workers. It is suggested that toluidine blue may have two sites that are responsible for the exhibition of green and red metachromatic responses. The influence of water on metachromasia has been studied and is reported to bring about an oscillation of spectral colours. Spectrophotometric studies were also carried out. PMID- 52987 TI - Studies on the integument of cestodes. II. The nature of protein component in the integument of gravid proglottides of Taenia hydatigena. AB - The main cuticle of the gravid proglottides shows differences in their chemical make up, in that there is a transformation of SH groups into -S-S bonding resulting in the refractivity of the cuticle. Another feature is the coexistence of dityrosine linkages with -S-S bondings. The mode of dityrosine formation from tyrosine residues is found to be possible by the presence of a peroxidase enzyme system in the cuticle. The evolutionary and physiological significance of the occurrence of -S-S bonding and dityrosine links have been discussed. PMID- 52989 TI - Selective staining of animal chromosomes with synthetic dyes following iodine-dye procedure. AB - The paper embodies results of the use of 51 synthetic dyes, belonging to different chemical groups for staining of animal chromosomes following iodine-dye procedure. It has been found that some of these dyes can replace gentian violet, crystal violet and safranin when used after this procedure. It has further been found that the fluorescent dyes, acriflavine and acridine yellow can also be used to stain animal chromosomes and that some of the dyes belonging to one chemical group can be successfully used whereas others of the same group are of no use. Dyes of the monoazo group are absolutely useless. Amongst the dyes successfully used, the preparations remain stable when stained with most of them except methyl green, malachite green, brillant green, iodine green and cresyl violet and amongst acid dyes, acid fuchsin. Cytochemical studies presented herein indicate that the components of the animal chromosomes stainable with crystal violet are the nucleic acids and that these substances should be highly polymerised and should not be even in a semi-degraded state. Removal of any one of these nucleic acids makes the chromosomes unstainable with iodine-crystal violet. PMID- 52990 TI - Influence of carbonates and other salts in tissues on the Schiff's reagent. AB - Application of the Schiff's reagent on fresh and undecalcified cuticle of crustaceans such as Emerita asiatica and Ocypoda platytarsis showed positive results with their calcified layer which led to suggest that salts of calcium account for the staining. In vitro studies with carbonate and other salts furnished confirmatory evidence. It is suggested that in tests involving the Schiff's reagent proper removal of resident salts must be carried out. PMID- 52991 TI - Recent developments concerning the mast cell and the mode of action of disodium cromoglycate. PMID- 52992 TI - Bronchial asthma and its treatment with disodium cromoglycate. PMID- 52993 TI - Developments in the treatment of asthma with disodium cromoglycate (Lomudal). PMID- 52994 TI - Neurological investigation of 5-year-old children with low birthweight. AB - 139 children with a low birthweight (LBW), i.e. not more than 2 500 g, were examined at 5 years of age in respect of their neurological status, with special reference to motor coordination according to Touwen & Prechtl. 5 (3.6%) children had cerebral palsy; 13 (9.4%), minimal brain dysfunction; 38 (27.3%), delayed motor maturation; and 83 (59.7%), normal motor development and normal neurological status. Impairment of hearing and of vision, epilepsy and mental retardation were more common in children with cerebral palsy and MBD. Children with MBD and delayed motor maturation had a lower IQ, as judged from the draw-a mantest according to Goodenough than children with normal neurological status. Cerebral palsy was found in children with a very low birthweight and short gestational age. Other findings were equally distributed among groups classified by weight and duuration of gestation. PMID- 52996 TI - Comparison between narcotic "receptors" in the guinea-pig ileum and the rat brain. PMID- 52995 TI - Serum alpha-foetoprotein as a marker for endodermal sinus tumour (yolk sac tumour) or a vitelline component of "teratocarcinoma". AB - The correlation between serum alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) and the clinical pathological finding of 24 germ cell tumours arising from the testes (14 cases), the ovaries (3 cases), the mediastinum (3 cases), the retroperitoneal region (2 cases), and the sacrococcygeal region (2 cases) are presented. Irrespective of marked differences in age and sex of the patients, primary site of the tumours and clinical outcome, the 24 cases constituted a homogeneous group in fundamental histological patterns and in AFP synthesis. In all cases of endodermal sinus tumour or teratocarcinomas with a distinct vitelline component an increased serum AFP concentrations was found in the pre-operative serum samples. AFP was also demonstrated in the tumour tissue by quantitative determination of AFP in tumour homogenate (5 cases) and, by immunofluorescence technique, positive staining of the cells lining the endodermal sinuses and of the hyaline globules was found (3 cases). In 12 germ cell tumours without vitelline components in the tumour tissue sections, a normal AFP concentration below 20 mug/1 was found in preoperative serum samples. PMID- 52997 TI - Proceedings: Leucomethylene blue (Panatone) as an aid to identify nerves at operations. PMID- 52998 TI - Production of the same antibiotics by members of different genera of microorganisms. PMID- 52999 TI - Corrective surgery for congenital cardiovascular defects in early infancy. PMID- 53000 TI - Glycol methacrylate embedding of renal biopsy specimens for light microscopy. AB - Thirty-five consecutive renal biopsy specimens were evaluated by light histology using paraffin and glycol methacrylate embedding. The clarity of the renal structures was found to be much better, and the renal lesions better defined, using glycol methyacrylate embedding. PMID- 53002 TI - Slide- tape sequence: a teaching aid in instrumentation. AB - A study at Wayne State University involving 34 medical technology students was conducted in an effort to provide supportive evidence for the use of selected audiovisual material in the teaching of instrumentation. The study did not conclusively demonstrate the effectiveness of a slide-tape sequence in this university instrumentation course. However, the methodology and evaluative procedures may prove helpful to universities and hospital-based programs in determining the usefulness of their audiovisual material. PMID- 53001 TI - Short stature in an adolescent due to spondyloepiphysial dysplasia tarda. AB - A 15-year-old boy had normal growth until age 7 years and decreased growth velocity thereafter. His upper segment/lower segment (U/L) ratio was 0.8. Anterior pituitary function was normal. Roentgenograms revealed characteristic findings of spondyloepiphysial dysplasia tarda (SDT). The sitting height measurement or U/L segment ratio is important in identifying this condition. This condition should be considered in the differential diagnosis of short stature in males. PMID- 53003 TI - Hepatitis B antigen - an incomplete history. AB - Hepatitis B virus still cannot be grown in an in vitro system; therefore, research into hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) is limited to laboratory methods such as serology, electron microscopy, and biochemistry. These have established the presence of two distinct antigenic components of HB Ag, that associated with the small forms and the outer covering of the Dane particle (HBs Ag), and that of the Dane particle core (HBc Ag). Current findings make it almost certain that the Dane particle represents the hepatitis B virus (HBV), the smaller forms of the antigen representing excess viral lipoprotein. The group of individuals positive for the antigen are considered and the immunopathology of the disease is discussed. Present understanding of the antigen has made it possible to consider the use of HBs Ag as a means of vaccination. However, further information on the immune mechanisms associated with HB Ag are required before this can be accepted as a general means of protection. Finally, looking at currently available techniques, it would appear that passive hemagglutination and radioimmunoassay are both highly specific and sensitive methods of screening for HB Ag. PMID- 53004 TI - Biophysical and biochemical characterization of hepatitis B antigen. AB - Hepatitis B surface antigens specified by the genome of the hepatitis B virus are shared by various particulate forms which circulate in the sera of chronic HBs Ag carriers. As purified from sera, HBs Ag consists of at least seven polypeptides, two of which appear to be glycoproteins. Most or all of these polypeptides contain both group-specific (a) and subtype-specific (d or y) determinants aspart of their structure. One particulate form, the Dane particle, is present as a minor component in most sera and may actually represent the virus of type B hepatitis. PMID- 53005 TI - Biophysical and biochemical properties of purified preparations of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag). AB - Two antigenically distinct subtypes, adw and ayw, of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag), have been purified from the plasma of anicteric hepatitis patients. Biophysical studies of these purified preparations revealed considerable heterogeneity in their overall surface charge, morphology and molecular weights. Chemical studies revealed that the composition of the particles is complex in that four to six different polypeptides and three glycoproteins were identified. In addition, cholesterol, three polar lipids, and two glycolipids were detected in purified HBs Ag preparations. Antisera, prepared in guinea pigs to individual polypeptides derived from HBs Ag subtypes adw and ayw, reacted with both the group- and type-specific antigenic determinants associated with the intact particles. The potential of these purified preparations of HBs Ag and of the individual subunits derived from them as possible vaccines is discussed. Specific antipolypeptide sera will be utilized to determine whether HBs Ag components are synthesized as specific viral products or are composed of components of modified host-cell molecules. PMID- 53006 TI - Structural and immunoreactive characteristics of hepatitis B core antigen. AB - The ultrastructural study of liver tissues from 38 patients with type B viral hepatitis consistently showed the presence of hepatitis B core antigen of 21-25 nm size in the liver cell nuclei and to a lesser extent in the cytoplasm. This finding and the demonstration of the tubular form of hepatitis B surface antigen in the proliferative degranulated endoplasmic reticulum constituted the etiologic criterion for the diagnosis of the disease. The double-shelled Dane-like particles were frequently found in association with the tubular form of the surface antigen. The core particles were found in the protoplasmic processes of hepatocytes and this correlated with the immunofluorescent microscopic findings that the antigen may be shed into circulation with the protoplasm. The core antigen was found to resist digestion by various enzymes such as protease, DNase, RNase, phospholipase C, lipase, lysozyme, diastase, neuraminidase and hyaluronidase, all of which did not destroy the immunoreactivity as demonstrated by immunoelectron and immunofluorescent microscopy. Similarly, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Tween 80 and mercaptoethanol also had no effect. The formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissue sections could be treated with protease to facilitate the immunofluorescent staining for the core antigen in tissue. PMID- 53007 TI - Hepatitis B antigen subtypes-history, significance and immunogenicity. AB - Initial work showed that all hepatitis B surface antigens (HBs Ag) were identical. Subsequent, additional studies revealed that hepatitis B surface antigens have a group reactive determinant, a, plus additional specificities which are not universally present on all antigens. Four well-defindd subtypes of HBs Ag exist (HBs Ag/adw, HBs Ag/ayw, HBs Ag/adr, HBs Ag/ayr) but additional subtypes will be forthcoming as newly described determinants are confirmed. The subtype specificities are determined by the hepatitis B virus and not the host. Subtypes of HBs Ag are already of great use in the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infections; yet they may have additional significance. Current work on HBs Ag subtypes is limited by the ability to find or produce antibodies to other than the a or group reactive determinant. The other determinants appear to be less immunogenic than a. PMID- 53008 TI - Serotypes of hepatitis B antigen (HBs Ag): the problem of "new" determinants, as exemplified by "t". AB - The principal antigenic determinants of hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBs Ag) are specified by distinct genotypes of hepatitis-B virus (HBV). This hypothesis still stands undisproven. These specificities include the common antigen(s), called a, and two pairs of subdeterminants, d/y and w/r. The members of each pair are in general mutually exclusive, resulting in four "primary" phentoypes of HBs Ag: adw, adr, ayw, and ayr. The newer "a(w) subcategories" probably also reflect differences in viral genotype; if so, the number of "subtypes" rises to eight. Further subdivision into independent strains of HBV may eventually become feasible on the basis of one or more of the following "new" HBs Ag reactivities, once these have been shown to be virus-coded: g, n, q, x, and t. The requirements for accepting new reactivities as HBV-specific, and for comparing them among themselves, are discussed, using t as an example. A peculiar feature of t is its variable physical behaviour: "overt" t reactivity is correlated with the adw phenotype; "cryptic" [t], with ayw; while adr and ayr have so far been t negative. Pending the indispensable tests of experimental transmission, this uneven distribution would seem to suggest that expression of t is regulated by the HBV genome. PMID- 53009 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen and human serum proteins. AB - The purification of HBs Ag is briefly discussed with emphasis on the immunochemical characterization of the resulting preparations. Results of experimental work in various laboratories aimed at establishing presence or absence of human serum proteins as integral parts of (highly purified) HBs Ag particles do not yet allow definite conclusions. PMID- 53010 TI - Antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. AB - Two distinct antigen-antibody systems are associated with the hepatitis B virus (HBV): hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) and antibody (anti-HBs) and the more recently described hepatitis B core antigen (HBc Ag) and antibody (anti-HBc). Testing of serial serum samples from patients with type B hepatitis demonstrates the regular occurrence of anti-HBc during the course of this disease. In general, highest titers of anti-HBc are seen with prolonged circulation of HBs Ag as in the chronic carrier state. Titers of anti-HBc begin to fall with recovery from HBV infection and anti-HBc appears to be shorter lived than anti-HBs. As such, anti-HBc testing is important in documenting the occurrence of infection with HBV and is of great value in epidemiologic studies and in evaluating the safety and efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin and HBV vaccines. PMID- 53011 TI - Hepatitis B surface antigen and liver cell carcinoma. AB - The frequency distribution of HBs Ag in different parts of the world reveals a relatively high frequency among healthy members of population groups inhabiting areas of high incidence of liver cell carcinoma. Similar high frequencies of HBs Ag are also found in those areas where macronodular cirrhosis is relatively common and is usually complicated by liver cell carcinoma. In geographic areas with low incidence of liver cell carcinoma and macronodular cirrhosis, a relatively low frequency of HBs Ag is usually encountered in the population. The frequency of HBs Ag is relatively higher in patients with liver cell carcinoma with or without cirrhosis than in comparable controls. The subtypes of the antigen do not correlate with the incidence of liver cell carcinoma and there is also no correlation between alpha fetoprotein and HBs Ag in the presence of liver cell carcinoma. HBs Ag is very rarely detected in patients with micronodular cirrhosis or in liver cell carcinoma which may be its complication. It would appear that HBs Ag is necrogenic in the liver and is capable of producing hepatic necroses or hepatitis which may progress to macronodular cirrhosis. The areas of hepatic necroses may either progress to liver cell carcinoma or the resultant macronodular cirrhosis may be complicated by carcinoma. The oncogenic potential of HBs Ag requires further studies. PMID- 53012 TI - Relationship of hepatitis A antigen to viral hepatitis. AB - Progress in research on hepatitis type A has begun to accelerate because of the recent discovery of an antigen associated specifically with hepatitis type A infection and the development of tests for antibody to the antigen. Hepatitis A antigen is associated with 27 nm virus-like particles found in the liver and stool of animals experimentally infected with hepatitis type A and in the stool of humans experimentally or naturally infected with the virus. The density of the particulate antigen when isolated from the liver is 1.34, but antigen particles with densities ranging from 1.32 to 1.40 have been detected in stool. However, antigens from the liver and from the stool appear to be antigenically related. Using immune electron microscopy as a serologic tool for detecting antibody to hepatitis A antigen, we detected antibody in convalescent sera from 100 per cent of patients experimentally or naturally infected with hepatitis type A. In contrast, patients with hepatitis type B or non-B hepatitis not epidemiologically compatible with a diagnosis of hepatitis type A did not have a serologic response to hepatitis A antigen. Antibody was found in approximately 50 per cent of normal individuals tested; the frequency was directly related to age. By the use of immune electron microscopy for the detection of hepatitis A antigen and antibody, the temporal relationship of antigen, antibody and liver damage was determined in experimentally infected humans and chimpanzees. On the basis of serologic comparisons, hepatitis type A does not appear to be related to experimental hepatitis caused by the GB agent of Deinhardt, nor is the hepatitis A antigen serologically related to the fecal antigen of Cross. PMID- 53013 TI - Development and utilization of complement-fixation and immune adherence tests for human hepatitis A virus and antibody. AB - The reliable propagation of CR326 strain of human hepatitis A virus in Saguinus mystax marmosets has permitted the development of specific serum neutralization, complement-fixation (CF), and immune adherence (IA) assays for hepatitis A antigen and antibody. The CF and IA assay were made possible by the use of livers of CR326-infected marmosets as a source of hepatitis A antigen. All assays were shown to be specific for hepatitis A. Patients with hepatitis B did not show development of hepatitis A antibody. Hepatitis A antibody appeared following onset of illness, and, in the longest time period studied, has persisted for seven years. Epidemiologic studies have been performed on several Costa Rican families with outbreaks of hepatitis, with the IA and CF assays. Also, several populations in the U.S.A. were studied. These indicated a high incidence of hepatitis A at an early age in Costa Rica and a relatively low incidence of hepatitis A antibody among adults in the U.S.A. It was shown that human immune globulin can be standardized for hepatitis A antibody content by the IA assay. Finally, the IA assay indicated probable hepatitis A antibody in uninoculated chimpanzees, grivet monkeys, and rhesus monkeys. PMID- 53014 TI - Biochemical aspects of schizophrenia. PMID- 53015 TI - Teaching cardiac patients to manage medications. PMID- 53016 TI - The influence of genotype on the development of glomerular lesions in mink with Aleutian disease virus. AB - In an attempt to document progression rate differences in the development of glomerular lesions in mink infected with Aleutian disease virus (ADV), the glomeruli of Aleutian and non-Aleutian mink experimentally infected with ADV were evaluated by light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy. The animals were also examined for the presence of interstitial infiltrate, neutrophils, and arterial lesions. One hundred percent of the Aleutian mink had glomerular cell proliferation and interstitial infiltrate, while 95% of the Aleutian and 41% of the non-Aleutian mink had neutrophilic infiltrates and arteritis, respectively. Of the non-Aleutian mink, 91, 83, 42, and 12.5% had glomerular cell proliferations, glomerular neutrophils, interstitial infiltrate, and arterial lesions in, that order. All the Aleutian mink had glomerular depositions of gamma globulin (IgG) and complement (C3), whereas 75% of non-Aleutian mink had deposits of IgG and C3. One hundred percent of both genotypes had glomerular deposits of immunoglobulin M (IgM). Ultrastructural glomerular changes consisting primarily of depositions of granular electron-dense material on basement membranes were observed in Aleutian mink 6 weeks after infection and 12 weeks after infection in non-Aleutian mink. These findings document progression rate differences in the development of glomerular lesions in Aleutian disease-affected Aleutian and non Aleutian mink. Further, they emphasize the need for exploration of pathogenetic mechanisms involved in progression rate differences in lesion development. PMID- 53017 TI - Reduced beta-adrenergic responsiveness in hypothyroid rats. AB - The beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol (100-200 mug/kg body wt sc) induces vasodilation and an increase in skin temperature of the tail of the euthyroid but not the hypothyroid rat. Administration of thyroxine (25 mug/kg body wt per day) to rats made hypothyroid by means of the antithyroid drug aminotriazole (0.5 g/kg of foof) returned responsiveness to control level. Reduced responsiveness to isoproterenol occurred between 1 and 5 wk of treatment with aminotriazole. Increase in tail skin temperature induced in euthyroid rats by isoproterenol was blocked by administration of propranolol (7.5 mg/kg ip). Other beta-adrenergic induced responses, including increased water intake and increased plasma glucose concentration, also were reduced in hypothyroid rats and returned to control level by administration of thyroxine. Thus, hypothyroidism appears to be accompanied by a reduced beta-adrenergic responsiveness as assessed by changes in tail skin temperature, water intake, and plasma glucose concentration after injection of isoproterenol. Since administration of thyroxine returned the responses of hypothyroid rats to control levels, it appears that thyroxine is important in maintaining beta-adrenergic responsiveness under these conditions. PMID- 53018 TI - Nonspecific reactions with the intradermal test for hydatidosis in persons with other helminth infections. AB - A partially purified Echinococcus antigen solution, prepared by boiling hydatid cyst fluid, was used in the intradermal test for hydatid disease in a Peruvian population. An unexpectedly high rate of positive reactions and poor agreement with serological tests suggested the presence of some agent(s) which produced cross-reactions with Echinococcus granulosus antigens in the intradermal test. Testing of hospital patients infected with a variety of helminths demonstrated nonspecific reactions in persons with Hymenolepis nana, Taenia spp., and Fasciola hepatica infections, mixed parasitisms, and several non-helminth pathological conditions. The findings contraindicated the use of the intradermal test for epidemiological surveys of hydatid disease. It is pointed out that intradermal test positivity rates cannot be used as synonymous with infection prevalence and regional differences do not necessarily reflect differences in the prevalence of E. granulosus infection. The greater specificity of some serological tests favor their use for epidemiological purposes. PMID- 53019 TI - The ultrastructure of a characteristic spermhead-defect in the boar: the SME defect. AB - Semen samples from an eight-month-old landrace boar showing poor sperm motility were investigated at the boars' arrival to an A.I. centre. Sperm morphology was found abnormal in +/- 30% of the sperm heads, which contained a rounded, often circular hypochromatic body (eosin-nigrosin stain) about 2 mum in diameter. The body was located in the front half of the sperm head, i.e. within the region of the acrosomal cap. Later a similar defect (+/- 50%) was found in an imported 2 1/2-year-old Yorkshire boar with decreased fertility. Electron microscopy of ejaculates and testis tissue showed that the hypochromatic body was a cyst containing a body of variable size but of moderate electron density. Usually the cyst was located within the nucleus and sometimes with direct communication to the acrosonal system. During spermiogenesis the abnormal spermids may show a deep invagination into the nucleus of the acrosomal granule. Inbreeding experiments are planned in order to determine if a possible hereditary factor is involved in the defect. PMID- 53020 TI - Use of an audiovisual program for the instruction of students, interns and residents. PMID- 53021 TI - [Bioclinical study of the electro-immunodiffusion technic for the assay of serum alpha fetoprotein]. AB - The author discusses the result that may be expected in clinical medicine from an electro-immunodiffusion method for the detection of alpha-foetoprotein. The samples studied were obtained from pregnant women, patients with liver cell carcinoma or severe digestive diseases, whether malignant or not, and a few amniotic fluids and sera obtained from the umbilical cord. This simple, rapid method is characterized by a sensitivity threshold of about 300 ng/ml and permits one to detect about 75% of cases of liver cell carcinoma. PMID- 53022 TI - Experimentally induced canine toxocariasis: laboratory examinations and pathologic changes, with emphasis on the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Eght dogs were orally superinfected for 1 month with 50,000 embryonated Toxocara canis ova. Results of laboratory examinations during inoculation and for 2 weeks postinoculation revealed moderate leukocytosis, marked absolute eosinophilia, hypoalbuminemia, increased concentrations of serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase, and in 2 dogs, precipitating humoral antibodies. Other changes were moderate ascites, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and focal lesions (0.5 to 3.0 mm) in liver, lung, kidney, intestine, abdominal lymph node, heart, diaphragm, and spleen. Microscopically, focal eosinophilic gastroenteritis was produced. Eosinophils and globule leukocytes were increased throughout the intestinal mucosa. Eosinophil-infiltrated and granulomatous lesions were in the same organs listed as having focal lesions, as well as in the pancreas. The importance of serum beta-globulin content as a potential diagnostic tool was emphasized, and the experimentally induced infection was compared with naturally occurring eosinophilic gastroenteritis in the dog. PMID- 53023 TI - The structure of nucleosides in relation to their biological and and biochemical activity: a summary. PMID- 53024 TI - Variations in the capacity of the steroid binding beta globulin (SBbetaG) in plasma from normal young twins. AB - The capacity of human plasma to bind specifically dihydrotestosterone (DHTBC) has been determined in normal monozygotic and dizygotic twins less than 20 years old. The total variation in DHTBC was analysed by stepwise multiple regression, combined with variance analysis, applied to the pair sums in DHTBC, body height and body weight, as well as to age. A significant part of the variation in DHTBC was explained. Due to the strong interwining between body weight, body height and age in growing children it was impossible to make out which one of the latter variable contributed most to the negative correlation which was observed. Previous studies in adults did, however, show that only body weight and not body height or age correlated negatively with DHTBC. By doing the same calculations for the within-pair differences in DHTBC, body height and body weight it was hoped to delineate the within-family part of the environmental variation in DHTBC. Body weight and body height did, however, not offer any significant explanation as to this part of the variation in DHTBC. The upper limit of heritability (h2) for DHTBC was estimated by comparing intraclass-correlation coefficients in monozygotic and dizygotic twins. According to the method used to calculate the latter intraclass-correlation coefficients h2 estimates for DHTBC of 0.774 and 0.960 were arrived at. However, due to the rather small number of dizygotic twins available the confidence limits of these estimates were rather large. PMID- 53025 TI - [Proceedings: Pituitary thyroid axis in subacute thyroiditis (author's transl)]. AB - We studied 10 patients with subacute thyroiditis. All had an increase in free thyroxine index, PBI, T4 and PBI/T4 ratio, an absence of thyroidal radioiodine uptake and no increase in plasma TSH after TRH injection. Exogenous TSH increased the uptake in 6/9 patients. The three patients who did not respond to TSH had higher PBI/T4 ratio than others. After treatment for one month there was either a normalization of laboratory tests either a subnormal thyroid function associated with an absence of response to TRH. All tests became normal two months later. PMID- 53026 TI - Regulation of the secondary antibody response in vitro. III.--inhibitor containing cells of antigen stimulated rabbit lymph node organ cultures. AB - The existence of inhibitor cells influencing the immune response has been inferred in many recent studies employing mice or chickens. The mechanism of this presumed suppression is unknown. The present report describes the isolation of AIM (antibody inhibitory material) from migrant lymphoid cells which normally escape from fragements of rabbit lymph mode cultures. The RNAse activity of AIM was demonstrated and the implications of this property discussed. PMID- 53027 TI - Occurrence of slowly sedimenting components with mu chain antigenicity in normal adult and cord serum. AB - The occurrence of trace amounts of slowly sedimenting components with mu chain antigenicity was investigated in 8 normal adult sera and 4 sera from cord blood of new-born infants. Separation of these components from 19S IgM was obtained by density gradient ultracentrifugation. The fractions were studied by radioimmunoassay. The results suggest that slowly sedimenting components with mu chain antigenicity occur in normal adult serum in amounts located in the mug/ml range. Several components sedimenting with various speeds were identified, although their sedimentation coefficients were not measured. This fact suggests that not only the already described 7S IgM monomer exists in normal blood but that other modes of association between mu and L chains or mu chains fragments also occur. Sera from cord blood showed patterns similar to that of adults. PMID- 53028 TI - Studies on the antigenic structure of tetanus toxin. AB - The isolation and purification of split-products from tetanus toxin after freezing is reported. Antigenically defective and non-defective fragments exhibiting reduced molecular weights with respect to that of intact toxin were investigated as to their biological and immunological properties. The results obtained are discussed in relation to other data from the literature. PMID- 53029 TI - In vitro culture of the proximal tubule of the bovine nephron : the fate of the histiospecific antigens and neosynthesis of an alpha-foetoprotein. AB - The isolation of pure tubules of the outer cortex of the foetal bovine kidney, using a previously described methods, has shown that the tubule suspension obtained is almost entirely constituted of proximal tubule fragments. The proximal cells obtained from this suspension were grown in vitro. The previously called "nephrospecific" antigens NS1-2 were shown to be strictly specific for the cells of the proximal tubule, which is an "histion" of the kidney, that is to say an ultimate unit of differentiation of this organ. The fate of these antigens, henceforth termed "histiospecific antigens" (of the proximal tubule), was followed in primary monolayer cultures of the proximal tubules, using immunodiffusion tests and immunofluorescence. A rapid decrease in this antigen content of the cells was observed during the in vitro culture. An immunoautoradiographic study demonstrated that the synthesis of these antigens was switched off in the confluent cultures. A similar autoradiographic study demonstrated that these same proximal cells at confluence synthesized a bovine alpha1-foetoprotein, which had been detected in earlier studies of kidney cortex cultures. This double antigenic shift is correlated with the in vitro evolution of some morphological markers of the proximal cells, as studied with the transmission and the scanning electron microscope. The factors responsible for these results are discussed. PMID- 53030 TI - [Neoantigens on cells transformed by SV40. IV. - A quantitative study of antigenic sites in a cell line (TSV5C12) (author's transl)]. AB - The antigenic sites at the membrane of SV40-transformed hamster fibroblasts (TSV5C12) were studied using isotope techniques. A specific fixation of antibodies directed against SV40 coded antigen had previously been shown using a cytotoxicity test in presence of fresh guinea pig complement. Using the "paired label" technique, described by Boone et al., approximatively 7.2. 10(7) fixing site for the specific antibodies against SV40 coded antigen(s), were found. The fixation of antibodies onto the cells varied with the time of culture of cells. It was not possible to determine whether the number of antigenic sites, or their accessibility to the antibodies, or their susceptibility to complement, was dependent on the cell cycle. PMID- 53031 TI - Specificity of the antiviral agent calcium elenolate. AB - Calcium elenolate, an antiviral agent which inhibits reverse transcriptases, inhibits the growth of chicken embryo fibroblast cells, as well as Echerichia coli and Bacillus subtilis strains. The drug in vitro inhibits E. coli deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerase II and DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, as well as several unrelated enzymes. The usual DNA polymerase assay components, with the exception of spermidine, have no effect on the observed inhibition. Inhibition of DNA polymerase II by the drug appears to be due to a direct and irreversible effect on the enzyme. However, DNA synthesis in E. coli is no more susceptible to the drug than is the increase in cell mass. These results suggest that calcium elenolate is an inhibitor of rather low specificity. PMID- 53032 TI - Isolation and properties of the outer membrane of plant mitochondria. PMID- 53033 TI - Lich myxedematosus. A dermal infiltrative disorder responsive to cyclophosphamide therapy. AB - Lichen myxedematosus is an uncommon, chronic, cutaneous disease of mucin deposition that has resisted a variety of therapies. The discovery of a unique, basic, homogeneous globulin in the sera of many of the patients with this disorder raised questions concerning the relationships between lichen myxedematosus, multiple myeloma, and amyloidosis. Our patient, who lacked the abnormal serum globulin, was successfully treated with cyclophosphamide. PMID- 53034 TI - Chemotherapy for advanced Kaposi sarcoma. AB - Kaposi sarcoma is a rare disorder, usually controlled with conservative localized treatment. However, prognosis is serious for patients with aggressive cutaneous disease, and aminous for those with visceral involvement. Two cases of advanced Kaposi sarcoma are reviewed to illustrate a chemotherapeutic approach to patients with this disease. The first case represents a verified response of visceral Kaposi sarcoma to chemotherapy. The second provides an example of the control of aggressive dermatologic disease. PMID- 53035 TI - Metiamide: an antagonist of histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion. AB - Metiamide, 25 mg, antagonized the action of histamine on acid and pepsin secretion from both denervated pouches and innervated stomachs in dogs. In the same preparations its action on pepsin following food, pentagastrin or 2 deoxy-d glucose was nonsignificant. Following pilocarpine or secretin, metiamide augmented pouch pepsin. The action of every acid stimulant was depressed by metiamide including the direct vagal action of deoxy-d-glucose on the innervated stomach. H2 receptors seem, therefore, to be involved in some form in acid stimulated by the vagi, histamine, pentagastrin and pilocarpine. Pepsin stimulation does not seem to be via H2 receptors with the esception of stimulation by histamine itself. PMID- 53036 TI - [Effect of chlormandinone acetate upon seizures in epileptic children with latent signs of hyperandrogenism]. AB - The effect of chlormadinone acetate (24 mg/day) upon the plasma levels of pituitary gonadotropins and gonadal hormones on the number of generalized convulsions and spike EEG density was investigated in a group of epileptic children with intractable seizures and with clinical signs suggestive of hyperandrogenism. In each case, the effect of chlormadinone was evaluated in relation to hormonal levels and seizures observed during a control period and under the effect of placebo as follows: Control (PC)-Chlormadinone acetate (PCL1) Placebo (PP)-Chlormadinone acetate (PCL2). In a male child (4MS), the number of convulsive attacks observed in the control period (26/month) was reduced during PCL1 (2/month) increased during PP (12/month) and was reduced again during PCL2 (0/month). Spike EEG density showed a parallel course to the clinical attacks. In this case, control levels of testosterone were markedly elevated (40 ng/ml) and were decreased during PCL1 to 4.0 increased again during PP to 34.0 and decreased again during PCL2 to 1.2 ng/ml. Plasma levels of pituitary gonadotropins were unchanged throughout the entire period of study. In other cases, neither the number of epileptic attacks nor spike EEG density were apparently affected by this regime and plasma levels of pituitary gonadotropins and gonadal hormones were also unmodified. These results suggest that a latent state of hyperandrogenism may be detected in some epileptic patients with intractable seizures and that chlormadinone may reduce convulsive attacks in these patients, probably by decreasing testosterone plasma levels. PMID- 53037 TI - Physiological and DNA characterization of Candida maltosa, a hydrocarbon utilizing yeast. AB - Selected yeast classified as Candida sake van Uden et Buckley were examined for their physiological, morphological and immunological properties and their DNA relatedness. Candida maltosa Komagata, Nakase et Katsuya is herein recognized as a species separate from C. sake, Candida maltosa was distinguished from C. sake and from C. tropicalis by insignificant DNA reassociation. In addition, C. maltosa was distinguished from C. sake by its higher maximal growth temperature and lower guanine plus cytosine content of its DNA and from C. tropicalis by its failure to utilize soluble starch for growth and its resistance to cycloheximide. The species C. cloacae and C. subtropicalis are placed in synonymy with C. maltosa. PMID- 53038 TI - Mutants of Myxococcus xanthus insensitive to glycerol-induced myxospore formation. AB - Mutants of Myxococcus xanthus FBt unable to form myxospores in response to 0.5 M glycerol arise spontaneously with a frequency of 1--3 X 10(-5). These mutants are designated glc. Ultraviolet mutagenesis increases the frequency to a maximum of 7% of the survivors. The reversion frequency following ultraviolet irradiation of spontaneous glc mutants is less than 10(-3). Of four glc mutants examined, none form myxospores in response to the alternative inducers, ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulphoxide. One glc mutant is induced by 1.5 M glycerol; strain FBt responds to this glycerol concentration with low efficiency myxospore formation. Strain FBt and glc mutants all produce myxospores with low efficiency in response to phenyl ethanol. Of 117 glc mutants tested, 109 form fruiting bodies containing mature myxospores; thus, mutations to the glc phenotype do not normally block myxospore formation within the fruiting cycle of the organism. PMID- 53039 TI - Cytochemical localization of catalase activity in methanol-grown Hansenula polymorpha. AB - The localization of peroxidase activity in methanol-grown cells of the yeast Hansenula polymorphia has been studied by a method based on cytochemical staining with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The oxidation product of DAB occurred in microbodies, which characteristically develop growth on or methanol, and in the intracristate space of the mitochondria. The staining of microbodies was H2O2 dependent, appeared to be optimal at pH 10.5, diminished below pH 10 and was inhibited by 20 mM 3-amino 1,2,4 triazole (AT). In contrast to these observations, the reaction in the mitochondria was not H2O2 dependent and not notably affected by differences in pH in the range of 8.5 to 10.5. Microbodies and mitochondria were also stained when H2O2 was replaced by methanol. Appropriate control experiments indicated that in this case methanol oxidase generated the H2O2 for the peroxidative conversion of DAB by catalase. These results suggest that catalase is located in the microbodies of methanol-grown yeasts. A model for a possible physiological function of the microbodies during growth on methanol is put forward. PMID- 53040 TI - Sexual experience and sexual responsiveness: sex differences. AB - Male (30) and female (30) college undergraduate subjects were shown five photographic slides depicting different heterosexual behaviors and one slide depicting solitary masturbation by a person of the same sex as the subject. Subjects rated the extent to which they found each of the slides sexually arousing and pleasant or unpleasant and indicated how many times they had personally engaged in each of the depicted activities. Following exposure to the slides, sexual arousal and emotional reactions were assessed. Contrary to the propositions of Kinsey et al. (1953), female heterosexual experience was equal to or superior to masturbation experience as an indicant of female sexual reactivity to the erotic materials. Among males, masturbation experience was superior to heterosexual experience as an indicant of sexual reactivity. The role of affective reactions to sexual experiences as determinants of sexual responsiveness is discussed. PMID- 53041 TI - Radionuclide photoscanning. Usefulness in preoperative evaluation of melanoma patients. AB - The results of radionuclide scans (liver, bone, and brain scans and whole-body scans using bleomycin tagged with radioactive indium [111In]) performed on 100 melanoma patients during their initial evaluation were reviewed to determined whether or not they effected a change in clinical staging or therapeutic decision. Patients were classified as stage I (primary disease) or stage II (regional disease) on the basis of regional lymph node dissections. Only one patient (stage II) of 73 stage I and II patients had an abnormal finding on the initial radionuclide scan. Fifteen of 26 patients thought to be stage III (disseminated disease) on clinical grounds had abnormal findings on at least one scan. A therapeutic change as a result of scanning occurred in the stage II patient after abnormal bone and whole-body scans. As an initial routine screening test for stage I and II melanoma patients, radionuclide scanning was unproductive and rarely influenced therapeutic decisions. PMID- 53042 TI - Blood viscosity, plasma proteins, and Raynaud syndrome. AB - The rheology of the blood was studied in 20 patients with Raynaud syndrome. Sixteen patients had scleroderma, two had nonspecific angiitis, one had systemic lupus erythematosus, and one had Raynaud disease. Viscosity measurements were performed on whole blood, plasma, and suspensions of 45% red blood cells (RBCs). In autologous plasma, over a wide range of shear rates. The relative viscosity, an index of RBC aggregation, was obtained by dividing the RBC viscosity in autologous plasma (at a hematocrit value of 45%) by the plasma viscosity. Concentrations of the plasma globulins and fibrinogen were also measured. The mean plasma viscosity was significantly (P less than .01) elevated over established normal controls. The mean RBC viscosity and the relative viscosity were significantly (P less than .01) elevated over normal controls, as were fibrinogen and the globulins. These studies demonstrate increased blood viscosity and red blood cell aggregation, which may constitute an important hindrance to flow. PMID- 53043 TI - Palliation of tricuspid atresia. Potts-Smith, Glenn, and Blalock-Taussig shunts. AB - Aortopulmonary (Potts-Smith), subclavian-pulmonary (Blalock-Taussig), and cavopulmonary (Glenn) shunts are the commonly performed operations for palliation of tricuspid atresia. A total of 104 patients with tricuspid atresia have undergone these procedures, either alone or in combination over a 28-year-period at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Operative risk is high in the first six months of life (44%), reasonable after six months of age (7.4%), and low for reoperation (3.5%). Long-term palliation of the 75 survivors (mean follow-up, 8,5 years) is compared for the three operative groups and charted on an actuarial table. Potts shunt offers superior long-term palliation. Therefore, as an overall plan of management, a Potts shunt with restriction of its anastomotic growth is the initial procedure of choice. When the patient outgrows the Potts shunt, a Glenn anastomosis is constructed. Ideally, the combination of these two shunts will produce a balanced circulation offering excellent long-term palliation. PMID- 53044 TI - [Complex application of stains in the histochemical study of proteins]. AB - The paper proposes a complex of methods for the histological study of protein which allosw revealing heterogeneity of its compostitions, determining the protein discharge and obtaining the data on the presence and distribution of a number of aminoacid residues. The schedule of the study includes reactions with dichlortriazine basic and acid stains (of both low and high affinity). The proposed schedule is convenient for detection and characterization of protein both in the structure, containing mainly proteins, and in the structures whose biopolymeres are represented mainly by carbohydrates. PMID- 53045 TI - [Peculiarities of the staining of neural tissue with procion yellow]. AB - The application of protion yellow allowed to reveal nerve cells of different size, and their dendrites and axons, bundles of nerve fibres for a considerable length. Staining with protional yellow resembles to impregnation of the nervous tissue with silver salts. Combination of protion yellow with dyes of other groups and silver nitrate impregnation improves the stability of staining. PMID- 53046 TI - Activation of latent bovine gingival collagenase. PMID- 53047 TI - Luxol Fast Blue MBSN-Levafix Red Violet E-2BL. A combined stain for myelin sheaths and glia fibers. AB - During investigations of reactive dyes, Levafix Red Violet E-2BL was found suitable for staining of glia fibers. Experiments were carried out on 37% formaldehyde-fixed human autopsy material. Paraffin sections were treated with Luxol Fast Blue MBSN as usual, differentiated until glia fibers were decolorized, and counter-stained in a 0.25% solution of Levafix Red Violet E-2BL in 0.25% acetic acid. Myelin sheaths were colored blue. Gila fibers, smooth muscle cells, and nuclei were stained red violet. Axons and connective tissue remained unstained; occasionally, coarse bundles of collagen showed patchy coloration. Polarization microscopic studies proved that Levafix Red Violet E-2BL is bound to well-oriented fibrous proteins in glia fibers. The similar staining and polarization microscopic properties of glia fibers and smooth muscle support previous findings that glia fibers contain a myosin-like protein. PMID- 53048 TI - The mechanism of unresponsiveness in lymphocytes specifically selected by antigen in normal rats. AB - The immunological potentialities of populations of thoracic duct lymphocytes collected from rats recently challenged with sheep erythrocytes were compared with those of lymphocytes from rats immunologically tolerant of this antigen. Both "selected" and tolerant populations fail to mount immune responses to sheep erythrocytes in irradiated syngeneic hosts but can do so if transferred to semi allogeneic recipients. If co-cultivated with normal lymphocytes in irradiated hosts, both types of population can modulate the responsiveness of the former to sheep erythrocytes. Supplementation of normal lymphocytes with "selected" populations collected earlier than 28 hours after challenge of the donors tends to result in augmented responses while later collections are more likely to be associated with suppression. Consequently, it is suggested that "selected" populations are unresponsive because of the presence of specifically activated cells rather than as a result of their depletion. The influence of "selected" populations on the responsiveness of normal lymphocytes is attributed to this content of activated cells. PMID- 53049 TI - Effects of thymus-independent (B) cells and the H-2 gene complex on antiviral function of immune thymus-derived (T) cells. AB - Antiviral activity in vivo exerted by ectromelia virus-immune spleen cells transferred to ectromelia-infected recipients and cytotoxicity against virus infected target cells in vitro were both properties of non-immunoglobulin (Ig) bearing cells (which included T cells). Ig-bearing cells, including thymus independent (B) cells and antibody-secreting cells, were much less active in vivo when injected alone and tended to block rather than amplify the effect triggered by T cells. Ig-bearing cells were also slightly active in vitro, possibly because some T cells have detectable Ig. Antiviral effects in cell transfer experiments were seen only when immune cell donors and infected recipients shared the same H 2 gene complex. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the T cell response to ectromelia infection is directed against specific virus-induced change(s) in antigen(s), specified by gene(s) in the H-2 complex, which appear in virus-infected cells. PMID- 53050 TI - Repair (or recovery) effects in quiescent Chinese hamster cells: an attempt at classification. AB - Increased survival of density-inhibited Chinese hamster cells after a variety of treatments is analyzed in terms of half-time of "repair," magnitude of repair, and dependence upon nutrient medium during the repair interval. At least three different systems are identified: X-ray-like, UV-like, and an entirely different system after heat shock. Repair after methyl methanesulfonate and after visible light (in bromodeoxyuridine-substituted cells) may be interpreted as a superposition of the X-ray and UV-like repair systems. PMID- 53051 TI - Increased DNA chain breakage by combined action of bleomycin and superoxide radical. PMID- 53052 TI - Effects of chymotrypsin and trypsin on rat peritoneal mast cells. PMID- 53053 TI - Acetylcholine receptors in Schistosoma Mansoni: visualization and blockade by hycanthone. PMID- 53054 TI - [Disodiumcromoglycate and histamine liberation by cotton dust extract in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Disodiumcromoglycate (DSCG) had no influence on the microscopical appearance of rat peritoneal mast cells either by i.p. injection (2 times 10(-5) g/ml) or by i.v. infection (10 mg/kg) nor by local application (2 times 10(-5)/1 times 10(-4) g/ml). 2. A particular effect of DSCG (2 times 10(-6)/2 times 10(-5) on the tonus of guinea pig ileum or an interaction with contractor activity due to histamine (3 times 10(-8)/1 times 10(-7) g/ml) has not been established. 3. Histamine liberation from rat peritoneal mast cells by i.p. injection of aqueous cotton dust extract was not inhibited by DSCG (2 times 10(-8)/2 times 10(-7) g/ml), histamine liberation was rather increased. PMID- 53055 TI - Nitroglycerin and premature ventricular complexes in myocardial infarction. AB - Because of clinical observations suggesting that nitroglycerin may suppress premature ventricular complexes during acute ischaemia, a study was undertaken to assess the effect of nitroglycerin on the incidence of premature ventricular complexes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Forty patients with acute myocardial infarction were studied. Twenty-six patients received 0.4 mg nitroglycerin sublingually every 4 hours for the first 24 hours after admission to the coronary care unit. The total premature ventricular complex count for the 26 patients for 15 minutes before nitroglycerin was 592, and 276 for the 15 minutes after the drug (P less than 0.005). In the remaining 14 patients on the same nitroglycerin schedule, a single electrocardiographic lead was continuously recorded on tape. During the first hour after nitroglycerin, the premature ventricular complex count decreased by 58 per cent, and the second and third hours showed a decrease from control count of 71 and 65 per cent respectively. By the end of 4 hours the ectopic count was back to control level. The data indicate that nitroglycerin may decrease the number of premature ventricular complexes for up to 3 hours in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The mechanism of action of nitroglycerin is not elucidated by this study, but the observation may be of value in further studies of specific antiarrhythmic therapy and prevention of arrhythmias in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 53056 TI - Relation between infarct size and ventricular arrhythmia. AB - In order to determine whether ventricular arrhythmia is quantitatively related to infarct size estimated enzymatically we studied 31 patients with acute myocardial infarction without cargiogenic shock. Infarct size index was estimated from hourly serum creatine kinase (CK) changes during periods of 48 to 72 hours. Ventricular arrhythmia was quantified by automated analysis of continuous electrocardiographic recordings over a period of 20 hours with the use of the Argus/H computer system. Patients were classified into three groups according to infarct size index. Patients in all groups had similar average heart rate, blood pressure, serum potassium, and arterial pH and PCO2 values during the first 10 hours after admission. The total number of ventricular ectopic beats (VEB), frequency of couplets, and ventricular tachycardia, and peak rate of ventricular ectopic beats during the first 10 hours after admission were all related to infarct size index. For example, patients with small, medium, and large estimated infarct size averaged 26, 104, and 405 ventricular ectopic beats, respectively. These results suggest that the severity of ventricular arrhythmia early after myocardial infarction is related to the extent of myocardial injury as estimated enzymatically. Thus the apparent efficacy and therefore the evaluation of antiarrhythmic agents early after myocardial infarction may be influenced by the magnitude of injury sustained by the heart. PMID- 53057 TI - Effects of disopyramide on electrophysiological properties of specialized conduction system in man and on accessory atrioventricular pathway in Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - Seven patients with normal specialized conduction system and three patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome were studied using programmed stimulation of the heart before and after the administration of intravenous disopyramide. The principal effect of this drug was to prolong the effective refractory period of the atria and ventricles, and to prolong the effective refractory period of the anomalous pathway in the WPW syndrome. In addition, it prolonged the conduction time in the anomalous pathway in the WPW syndrome. These findings suggest that disopyramide would be a useful and safe drug in the management of certain atrial and ventricular arrhythmias and in the management of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with atrial fibrillation. PMID- 53058 TI - Escape-capture bigeminy caused by blocked atrial extrasystoles. AB - A further mechanism of escape-capture bigeminy is described, viz, blocked atrial extrasystoles. PMID- 53059 TI - Binding of tubocurarine to specific serum protein fractions. AB - The binding of tritium-labelled tubocurarine to separate protein fractions of sera from normal subjects and patients with hepatic disease was measured by an electrophoretic technique. The binding of the drug to gamma globulin and albumin solutions also was studied using equilibrium dialysis. The major portion of the drug, 82-90%, was bound to the gamma globulin electrophoretic fraction of both normal and patient sera. However, as measured by equilibrium dialysis, only 15.8% of the drug was bound to the gamma globulin and 23.8% to albumin. Equilibrium dialysis yields the data by which the validity of other methods for measuring drug-protein binding can be judged. Since in a previous study we also found no difference in binding of the drug between healthy individuals and patients with hepatic disease, equilibrium dialysis measurements may reflect better the binding of the drug in vivo. PMID- 53060 TI - Mortality among homeless men. PMID- 53061 TI - Lung gas tensions and active regulation of ventilation/perfusion ratios in health and disease. PMID- 53062 TI - The differential binding of antibody from the sera of patients with pemphigus and pemphigoid to isolated guinea-pig epidermal cells. AB - A method for preparing isolated epidermal cells using trypsin is described. The isolated cells retain the ability to bind antibody from patients with pemphigus or with pemphigoid in a disease-specific. PMID- 53063 TI - Observations on a factor-V inhibitor. AB - A 67-year-old man developed a potent inhibitor of factor V shortly after undergoing blood transfusions and surgery. The inhibitor reacted in a time dependent manner with factor V and gave a non-linear concentration graph. Studies with specific antisera indicated that it contained gamma and mu heavy chains and both kappa and lambda light chains. The plasma from two patients with congenital factor-V deficiency did not neutralize the inhibitor. PMID- 53064 TI - A new assay for the measurement of total progressive antithrombin. AB - A new rapid method for assaying total antithrombin activity has been developed based on the inactivation of thrombin incorporated into an agarose gel, during the radial diffusion of plasma in the gel. The area of thrombin inactivation is subsequently observed by the coagulation of fibrinogen in a separate agarose gel layer poured over the thrombin gel. The method is described in detail and its accuracy assessed with respect to other antithrombin assays. Using specific antisera to alpha2-globulin (antithrombin III), alpha2-macroglobin and alpha1 antitrypsin, total antithrombin activity measured by this assay consisted of 47% alpha2-globulin, 29% alpha2-macroglobulin and 26% alpha1-antitrypsin. PMID- 53065 TI - Serum inhibitors in fibrinolysis. AB - Four protease inhibitors have been identified in human serum and methods for their isolation are described. After removal of the euglobulin fraction, serum was submitted to ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration, and fractions were tested for inhibition of the lysis of plasminogen-deficient fibrin clots by plasmin, trypsin and elastase. In addition inhibitors of plasminogen activation were sought by studying the effects of separated fractions on the lysis of plasminogen-rich fibrin clots by urokinase. Examination by immunophoresis showed that three of the separated inhibitors were alpha2-macroglobulin, alpha1 antitrypsin and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor. The fourth antiprotease was a powerful inhibitor of both urokinase-induced and plasmin-induced clot lysis, and was identified as an inter-alpha-globulin from its electrophoretic mobility in agarose gels. PMID- 53066 TI - A simple two-step isolation procedure for human and bovine antithrombin II/III (heparin cofactor): a comparison of two methods. AB - Human and bovine antithrombin II/III have been isolated by a simple procedure essentially using only affinity chromatography on heparin-agarose and polyethylene glycol precipitation. An additional ammonium sulphate step removes polyethylene glycol and trace contaminants. The final preparation is homogeneous by SDS-, disc- and agar slide electrophoresis. End group analysis of human antithrombin II/III shows histidine as the N-terminal amino acid. The pure preparation showed both progressive antithrombin activity and heparin cofactor activity. PMID- 53067 TI - Cellular immunity to human basic myelin protein in women with dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix. AB - Sensitization to human myelin basic protein or encephalitogenic factor (EF), and antigen thought to be analogous to different human tumours, can be measured by the macrophage migration inhibition test (MMI). The MMI test was done on one occasion in 51 women with dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix; 20 women with non-malignant gynaecological conditions served as controls. Sensitization to EF was found in 71 per cent of women with carcinoma in situ and 42 per cent of women with dysplasia. None of the controls showed sensitization. Sensitization could not be related to histological evidence for cellular infiltration within the cervix. PMID- 53068 TI - Raised alpha-fetoprotein levels in amniotic fluid and maternal serum in a triplet pregnancy in which one fetus had an omphalocoele. AB - During the second pregnancy of a 31-year-old patient, who already had a child with hydrocephalus, the ultrasonic scan at 16 weeks gestation demonstrated the possiblity of triplets. Raised amniotic fluid and maternal serum alpha fetoprotein concentrations were observed at 16 and 17 weeks gestation. The pregnancy was terminated at 17 weeks gestation and one of the fetuses had an extensive omphalocoele, radial aplasia and digital abnormalities. PMID- 53069 TI - On the interaction of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrouridine with human liver cytidine deaminase. AB - In contrast to the rapid inhibition of bacterial cytidine deaminase by 3,4,5,6 tetrahydrouridine, the onset of inhibition of the enzyme from human liver was found to be relatively slow. Inhibition was found to be reversible, and the corrected rate constants for binding (kon = 2.4 x 10(4) M-1 sec-1) and release (koff = 5.6 x 10(-4) sec-1) were in reasonable agreement with a Ki value (2.9 x 10(-8) M) measured separately under steady-state conditions, which was several orders of magnitude lower than estimates previously reported in the literature. Rates of binding and release of this potential transition state analogue were not appreciably affected by the substitution of deuterium oxide for solvent water. The slow onset of inhibition, which was also observed for cytidine deaminase from HeLa cells, suggests that structural reorganization precedes the formation of a stable enzyme-inhibitor complex. 6-Azacytidine, which favors a "high-anti" configuration at the glycosidic bond, was found to be active as a substrate for cytidine deaminase, with a turnover number exceeding that of cytidine. 2,2' Anhydro-1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, which is restricted to the "syn" configuration, was found to be without activity as a substrate or an inhibitor. PMID- 53070 TI - A new inhibitor of coupled oxidative phosphorylation, 5 hydroxynaphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride, a derivative of a carcinogenic polynuclear hydrocarbon. AB - 5-Hydroxy-1,2-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride is closely related to its precursor dibasic acid which is a metabolite of the carcinogenic polynuclear hydrocarbon dibenz[a,h]anthracene. The anhydride inhibited respiration of coupled mitochondria. This inhibition was relieved by 2,4-dinitrophenol. Several mitochondrial volume change processes energized by ATP were also inhibited by the anhydride. Both the mitochondrial ATPase activity induced by 2,4-dinitrophenol and the ATPase activity of submitochondrial particles induced by magnesium ion were inhibited by the anhydride. The spectrum of inhibitory activity was not associated with acetic anhydride, succinic anhydride, or phthalic anhydride. The data indicate that 5-hydroxy-1,2-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride inhibits the machinery of oxidative phosphorylation in a manner similar to rutamycin. 5 Hydroxy-1,2-naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride is the first molecule derived from a carcinogen with such inhibitory properties. PMID- 53071 TI - Mode of inhibition of herpes simplex virus DNA polymerase by phosphonoacetate. AB - Phosphonoacetate is a highly specific inhibitor of herpes simplex virus-induced DNA polymerase. Sensitivity of herpesvirus type 1 or type 2 induced DNA polymerase to the drug was similar. However, DNA polymerases from other sources such as the host cells (Wi-38), Micrococcus luteus, and hepatitis B virus were highly resistant. In addition, Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase of Rous sarcoma virus were also insensitive to the drug. Enzyme kinetic studies showed that inhibition was noncompetitive with respect to deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates. The Ki value was about 0.45 muM. The apparent Km values for dTTP, dATP, dCTP, and dGTP were 0.71, 0.75, 0.42, and 0.39 muM, respectively. The base composition of template has no profound effect on the extent of inhibition. The drug caused uncompetititve inhibition with respect to template which indicated that phosphonoacetate did not bind directly to template DNA. Results are presented which suggest that phosphonoacetate did not affect the formation of the enzyme-DNA complex but probably inhibited the elongation step of DNA polymerase reaction. PMID- 53072 TI - Immunochemical study of beta-glucuronidase inhibitor from porcine sublingual gland. Interaction of beta-glucuronidase inhibitor with alpha2-macroglobulin. AB - Antiserum to the inhibitor of beta=glucuronidase isolated from porcine sublingual gland was prepared in rabbits. Double immunodiffusion with the inhibitor produced a single precipitin line. However, neutralization of the inhibitor was produced by the antiserum and also by normal serum. Anti-beta-glucuronidase inhibitor isolated from human serum, by fractionation with (NH4)2 SO4 followed by DEAE cellulose, Sephadex G-200 and Sepharose 4B chromatography, was identified as alpha2-macroglobulin by using ultracentrifuge analysis and immunoelectrophoresis. The mechanism of interaction of beta-glucuronidase inhibitor with alpha2 macroglobulin was also studied. PMID- 53074 TI - Reversed transport of amino acids in Ehrlich cells. AB - Gramicidin induces a marked Na+-dependent efflux of amino acids from Ehrlich cells. In absence of Na+, gramicidin does not alter the efflux. In presence gramicidin, glycine efflux is inhibited by methionine and less so by leucine. Glycine efflux caused by HgCl2 is neither Na+ dependent nor inhibitable by amino acids. Neither efflux of inositol which is transported by an Na+-dependent route, nor efflux of several other solutes which are transported by Na+-independent routes, is affected by gramicidin. The antibiotic appears to permit a reversal in the direction of of the operation of the Na+-dependent amino acid transport system. The increased efflux is partly, but not entirely, due to an increase in the cellular Na+ concentration and a reduction of the electrochemical potential difference for Na+. PMID- 53073 TI - Isolation of two forms of rat alpha-fetoprotein and comparison of their binding parameters with estradiol-17beta. AB - In polyacrylamide gels, highly purified rat alpha1-fetoprotein shows a molecular heterogeneity, i.e. a "slow" and a "fast" moving fraction. We have isolated by electrophoretic fractionation and subsequent elution these two forms of alpha1 fetoprotein, and we have studied comparatively the binding parameters for estradiol-17beta of whole alpha1-fetoprotein preparations and of the isolated forms. We have shown that the number of binding sites per molecule of whole alpha1-fetoprotein is always, in our experimental conditions, a fractional number, inferior to unity (0.3). Furthermore, the analysis of the binding parameters of the "two forms" of alpha1-fetoprotein allows discrimination between different classes of binding sites. For the "slow" fraction, the number of predominant binding sites per molecule of protein is close to unity (0.7-0.9), whereas for the "fast" fraction, a very low fractional value is found (0.1). The corresponding association constants are reproducibly different for the two fractions: Ka = 0.1.10(8) M-1 for the "slow" alpha1-fetoprotein, and Ka = 0.7.10(8) M-1 for the "fast" alpha1-fetoprotein. Traces of a very high affinity (10(9) M-1) minor class of binding sites are demonstrated in the "slow" fraction. These results point to the existence of a molecular population of alpha1 fetoprotein, some forms of which have a strong or very strong affinity, and some a negligible affinity, for estrogens. PMID- 53075 TI - Some characteristics of the DNA-tyrocidine complex and a possible mechanism of the gramicidin action. AB - 1. The cyclic peptide antibiotic tyrocidine which inhibits RNA synthesis in vitro by forming a complex with the DNA (Schazschneider, B., Ristow, H. and Kleinkauf, H. (1974) Nature 249, 757-759) induces hypochromicity of the DNA. The complex dissociates at elevated temperatures but which are below the melting temperature of the DNA. 2. The linear peptide antibiotic gramicidin which reverses the inhibitory effect of tyrocidine (Ristow, H., Schazschneider, B., Bauer, K. and Kleinkauf, H. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 390, 246-252) does not bind to DNA and does not induce hypochromicity of the DNA. However, the DNA-tyrocidine complex dissociates at lower temperatures when gramicidin is present. Thus gramicidin weakens the binding of tyrocidine to DNA. 3. The presence of DNA quenches the fluorescence of tyrocidine but not that of gramicidin. This quenching of tyrocidine fluorescence is reduced in the presence of gramicidin. 4. Tyrocidine inhibits transcription of single-stranded DNA as well. This inhibition too can be reversed by gramicidin. Thus the action of the peptides is not dependent on a double-stranded DNA conformation. PMID- 53076 TI - [2-colored fluorescence of differentially condensed chromosomes stained with acridine orange]. AB - Metaphase chromosomes of the Chinese hamster differentially-condensed under the influence of a) 5-bromdeoxyuridine, b) colcemide, and c) cold, were stained with acridine-orange (AO) in concentrations of 1.5 X 10(-7) to 3 X 10(-5) g/ml at pH 4.1 to 8.5. It was found that stretched chromosomal segments fluoresced in the orange/red part of the spectrum, whereas normally condensed ones--were green. The colour distribution along the chromosome depended mainly on the AO concentration and the exposure in the UV-light, and was independent of pH and molarity of the buffer. Apparently this phenomenon cannot be attributed to the uneven denaturation of the chromosomal DNA, but rather depends on structural and/or chemical differences between euchromatin and heterochromatin. PMID- 53077 TI - A method of rapid detection of poxviruses at low concentration in the clinical material. PMID- 53078 TI - Proceedings: A light and electron microscopic study of the accumulation of material in sectioned rat dorsal roots and the effect of demecolcine. PMID- 53079 TI - Proceedings: 45-Calcium uptake in rat peritoneal mast cells. PMID- 53080 TI - Interpersonal relationships and child-rearing practices in 214 parents of battered children. AB - The self-reported child-rearing practices of 214 parents of battered babies were characterized in a few but not all respects by demanding behaviour which exceeded that to be expected in relation to their social class and age. Inconsistency in child management was noted in the comparison between lack of demonstrativeness and emotional over-involvement, and between physical punishment and a tendency to be lax in the supervision of the child, and was reminiscent of parents of delinquents. Unhappiness and hostility in relationships with members of their families of origin, with unsupporting partners and with people in general were other important features. Generally, identified perpetrators were characterized by features significant for the sample as a whole. PMID- 53081 TI - A clinical comparison of the tumour-imaging radiopharmaceuticals 67Gallium citrate and 111Indium-labelled bleomycin. AB - Two tumour-imaging agents, 67Gallium-citrate and 111Indium-bleomycin have been assessed in a clinical trial. Both the quality of tumour image and correlation with known sites of disease has been compared by scanning with the two agents in a variety of malignant diseases. In addition, comparative uptakes of the agents have been measured in biopsy samples. In 28 scanning examinations using the agents sequentially, 67Gallium-citrate provided a more satisfactory tumour image and had closer clinical correlation with known sites of disease in 14 cases. Scans were felt to be of similar quality in 14 cases. There were no examples where 111Indium-bleomycin scans were found to be superior to 67Gallium-citrate. A number of biopsy samples of spleen, liver and lymph nodes were obtained from patients undergoing staging laparotomies for lymphomas in whom small doses of 67Gallium-citrate and 111Indium-bleomycin had been injected shortly before operation. Seven of the spleen samples were infiltrated with tumour and five of these contained less 67Ga than 111In; in contrast four of the five tumour infiltrated lymph nodes showed 67Ga concentrations greater than those of 111In. It is concluded that 67Gallium-citrate is a more useful tumour-imaging agent than 111Indium-bleomycin, at least for lesions situated above the diaphragm. The value of 111Indium-bleomycin in the demonstration of abdominal malignancies has not been fully assessed in this study. Trials of new tumour imaging agents should as far as possible be compared directly with the best available alternative agent in a controlled study. PMID- 53082 TI - Is a 'second look operation' justified in suspected recurrences after abdominal cancer surgery? AB - Seventy-three patients have been submitted to 74 further laparotomies for suspected recurrent malignant abdominal disease over a period of 13 months. The original tumour was situated in the large bowel in 42, oesophagus or stomach in 24, ovary in 3, small intestine in 2 and pancreas and retroperitoneum in 1 instance each. There were 10 examples of benign lesions, 16 of further primary cancer and 24 of resectable local recurrences or metastases. Seventeen patients underwent some palliative procedure, and only 7 were beyond any surgical help. PMID- 53083 TI - Letter: An aetiological agent in Whipple's disease? PMID- 53084 TI - Diseases of the central nervous system. Relief of terminal pain. PMID- 53085 TI - Editorial: Advanced gastric cancer. PMID- 53086 TI - Antigenic heterogeneity in patients with reactions in borderline leprosy. AB - Fifteen patients with borderline leprosy who developed "reversal" reactions were studied from the inception of treatment. Thirteen showed an appreciable increase in lymphocyte transformation (LT) when preparations of Mycobacterium leprae were used as antigen. The LT responses to either "whole" or "sonicated" preparations of the bacillus in these 15 patients and in nine others also in reaction correlated with the clinical presentation. Those with skin disease predominating in the reaction showed an appreciable increase in LT when whole M leprae was used as antigen. Those with nerve disease predominating showed an increase with sonicated M leprae. In those with both skin and nerve disease there was an increase with both antigen preparations. The ratios of the LT test results (whole to sonicated M leprae) showed highly significant differences between the three groups. PMID- 53087 TI - Letter: Serum alpha-fetoprotein in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 53088 TI - A study of the dynamics of retrograde transport and accumulation of horseradish peroxidase in injured neurons. AB - The phenomenon of retrograde intraaxonal transport of extracellular markers introduced at the level of the axon terminal has been suggested as a possible mechanism of communication between the axon terminal and the neuron cell body. We tested the hypothesis that communication after axotomy might consist of a change in the rate of uptake or of transport of material by injured neurons. Small lesions were made with a needle in one retinal quadrant of chicks and immediately afterwards horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected into the vitreous body of the eye. The amount of HRP accumulated by some of the neurons of the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION) which project to the damaged area was clearly different from that of nearby cells which project to the non-damaged portions of the retina. The uninjured cells accumulated enzyme marker beginning at 3.5 h after injection. The injured neurons did not accumulate significant amounts of HRP until between 4 and 6 h after injection. Between 6.75 h and 18 h the injured cells in the ION accumulated greater amounts of HRP than cells in other regions, but by 24 h the cells of the ION in the region of injury contained distinctly less label. This pattern of enzyme accumulation was confirmed by counts of the number of HRP positive granules within cells of chicks fixed 4, 11.75, 12.25, 27.6 and 72 h after injury. In another series of experiments, the axon terminals of the ION were first exposed to HRP, and 1 h later some of the axons were damaged with a needle. In these cases, there was no difference between the injured and control neurons in the time of first appearance of labeled cells in the ION within the first 4 h after injection of HRP. These findings suggest that injury initially results in a decrease in the uptake of the marker rather than a decrease in the rate of retrograde transport. The amount of marker found in the injured neurons later is greater than that found in the control neurons. This subsequent difference may represent an increase in the rate of uptake, transport, or both or a decrease in the rate of degradation of HRP within the cell body as a response to injury of the axon. PMID- 53089 TI - Retrograde axonal transport of exogenous protein in from nerves. PMID- 53090 TI - Tetanus toxin and axonal transport. PMID- 53091 TI - Effect of pretreatment with local corticosteroids on antibody-forming cells in the eye and draining lymph nodes. AB - To study the effect of pretreatment of rabbits with locally administered steroids, unilateral subconjunctival injections of 10 mg. triamcinolone suspension were given 10 and 3 days before intracorneal injection of the same eye with bovine gamma globulin. We killed the rabbits 6, 9, 12, 15, and 21 days after the BGG injection, and determined the number of antibody-producing cells in the homolateral lymph nodes, corneas, and uveal tracts. Corticosteroids did not significantly affect the PFC response in the draining lymph nodes, but the number of plaque-forming cells in the corneas and uveal tracts was reduced. Steroid treated eyes were less inflammed than control eyes. The possible mechanisms for the effect of steroids on the ocular immune response are discussed. PMID- 53092 TI - Absence of 'superfast' axonal transport in rat sciatic nerve. AB - Axonal transport of labelled protein was studied in rat sciatic nerve by analyzing nerve segments at intervals after injection of L-[3H]leucine into the lumbar spinal cord. Some nerves were sectioned before injection so that material in transit accumulated proximal to the section. The segments distal to the section served as controls for incorporation into the nerve of blood-borne label. An analysis of TCA-soluble and TCA-insoluble activity in cut and intact nerve segments was also made. No evidence was found for the existence of a 'superfast' component of axonal transport (velocity 2000 mm/day). Results showed that the most rapidly transported protein derived from the neuron soma had a conventional 'fast' velocity of 350-420 mm/day. There was no transport of TCA-soluble material. It is suggested that 'superfast' transport, detected in mice by other investigators, is an artefact resulting from failure to control for incorporation of circulating label into the sciatic nerve. PMID- 53093 TI - A p-nitrophenyl alpha-galactoside hydrolase from Pseudomonas atlantica. Localization of the enzyme. AB - A p-nitrophenyl alpha-galactoside hydrolase is partially released when whole cells of Pseudomonas atlantica are converted to spheroplasts. The p-nitrophenyl alpha-glactoside hydrolase is completely inactivated by treatment of whole cells with diazonaphthalene -- disulfonic acid (NDS), a reagent which does not penetrate the cytoplasmic membrane. Under the conditions used no inactivation of lactic acid dehydrogenase was observed. A specific staining procedure for this enzyme for use in electron microscopy was developed. The results with this technique in conjunction with the results of spheroplasting and NDS localization suggest that p-nitrophenyl alpha-galactoside hydrolase is located in or on the double-track membranes, primarily on the outer double track. PMID- 53094 TI - The oxyphil and C cells of the human thyroid gland. A cytochemical and histopathologic review. AB - The C and oxyphil cells of the human thyroid are analyzed in the light of recent advances in cellular biology, cytochemistry, and histopathology. The C cell is present in the normal human thyroid, where its identification is cardinally by means of argyrophilic cytoplasmic granules. The morphology, topography and argyrophilia of C cells are discussed with reference to tumor, cyst, and teratoma formation in the thyroid gland. Oxyphil cells of the thyroid are cytochemically akin to C cells but arise from follicular cells. They occur in the thyroid and other protein-producing organs, but are themselves inefficient producers of proteins and glycoproteins. Speculation is made on their morphological characteristics, and consideration is given to DNA-RNA involvement in the functional and morphological alterations of this follicular cell type. PMID- 53096 TI - Slide-tape helps recruitment. PMID- 53095 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the jejunum and ileum. A clinicopathologic study. AB - The clinical and pathologic features of 43 primary adenacarcinomas of the small intestine (32 jejunal and 11 ileal) are reported. Seventy-four percent of the patients presented with partial or complete small bowel obstruction, 56% complained of abdominal pain, 37% had symptoms of anemia (weakness, easy fatigability), and 35% had lost weight. Anemic hemoglobin levels occurred in 69%, and a palpable abdominal mass in 25%. Treatment consisted of a "curative" or "palliative" resection, or a bypass procedure. Seventy-nine percent of the tumors showed an annular, constricting pattern, while the remaining 21% had a predominantly fungating or polypoid appearance. Three individuals currently free of clinical recurrence have been followed less than 5 years. Of the remaining 40 patients, a 5-year cure was achieved in 11 (28%), including 6 (15%) who at present have no recurrence and 5 (13%) who subsequently died of other causes. Within 5 years, 28 of these 40 patients (70%) were known or presumed dead tumor, and 1 had succumbed to other causes (2%). Various pathologic features were correlated with the clinical course. Documented lymph node metastasis proved to be the most valuable prognostic finding, 88% of these individuals dying of tumor, as contrasted to 45% of those with tumor-free nodes. A few cases of superficially invasive carcinoma found in an otherwise benign adenomatous lesion had a good prognosis when symptoms were produced mainly by the adenoma, the carcinoma being a relatively minor component. PMID- 53098 TI - Dietary effects on chemical carcinogenesis in animal models for colon and liver tumors. AB - Studies of dietary effects on chemical carcinogenesis in rats have demonstrated that colon tumor induction is enhanced by increased dietary fat intake or dietary deficiency of vitamin A in some but not all cases. The enhancing effect of a high fat diet is augmented by lipotrope deficiency. Induction of hepatic tumors by several different carcinogens also is enhanced in rats fed a high-fat diet marginally deficient in lipotropes. The dietary effects may be exerted through alteration of metabolism of carcinogens, which has been demonstrated in lipotrope deficient rats, through immunological mechanisms, which influence induction of colon tumors, or through effects on gastrointestinal bacteria and bile acid metabolism. Demonstration of dietary effects on carcinogenesis may require utilization of combined dietary stresses that alter metabolic loads but do not seriously impair growth. PMID- 53097 TI - Nutrition and experimental carcinogenesis: a review. AB - Restriction of the total diet or the number of calories fed to rats and mice inhibits the formation of tumors in several tissues. Unless animals are fed equivalent levels of food, or attain equivalent body weights, it is difficult to assess the significance of the effect of other nutritional modifications on carcinogenesis. The effects of altering the levels of protein or fat are much less than those seen with dietary restriction. Feeding a protein-free diet is tolerated for a limited period and can alter the metabolism of carcinogens. It may thus affect the tumor incidence induced by one-shot carcinogens. Vitamins have specific effects on the activity of certain carcinogens, the fullest information being available for vitamin A, which has been shown to inhibit or enhance carcinogenesis, and vitamin C, which by reducing sodium nitrite, prevents nitrosation of secondary and tertiary amines occurring in acidic conditions of the stomach. Inorganic substances, such as iodine (thyroid) and copper (liver), may affect the tumor incidence in specific tissues. The metabolic activation of carcinogens is modified by enzyme induction and the administration of antioxidants. The relevance of these results to the induction of cancer in humans is briefly discussed. PMID- 53099 TI - Types and clinical significance of fascicular blocks. PMID- 53100 TI - Gomori-positive elementary granules in inner and outer layer of the infundibulum. AB - With the gallocyanine technique (Wittkowski, Bock and Franken, 1970) Gomori positive substances of the infundibulum can be stained for light- and electron microscopic examination. In various mammalian species, the size of Gomori positive elementary granules in the outer layer is markedly different from that in the inner layer of the infundibulum. In general, the granules of the outer layer have less then half the diameter of those of the inner layer. In birds and fish, however, only small differences were found between the granules of both layers. The significance of the results is discussed. PMID- 53101 TI - Studies on the transport of secretory granules in the magnocellular hypothalamic neurons of the rat. II. Action of vincristine on axonal flow and neurotubules in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. AB - Intrathecal administration of 20 mug of vincristine sulphate in the rat induced in vivo the formation of paracrystalline inclusions mainly in axonal processes. This is associated with an impairment in the migration of neurosecretory granules as shown by their accumulation in the perikarya of the magnocellular neurons. The granules are intermixed with numerous dense bodies of various shape, sometimes with a fibrillar content, and probably of lysosomal origin. In addition to the impairment of the flow of neurosecretory granules, there is also a striking accumulation of mitochondria and synaptic vesicles, and an apparent proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In the posterior lobe, the axonal endings contain a large number of neurosecretory granules, intermingled with bodies of varying shapes and electron density. Occasionally, a dense membrane surrounding a group of elementary granules is observed, reacting positively for acid phosphatase. This suggests an attempted crinophagia. PMID- 53102 TI - Identification of the vasopressin producing and of the oxytocin producing neurons in the hypothalamic magnocellular neurosecretroy system of the rat. AB - Immuno-enzyme histochemical investigations showed that, in the magnocellular hypothalamo-hypophysial neurosecretory system of the rat, vasopressin and oxytocin are synthetized in separate neurons. Both the vasopressin neurons and the oxytocin neurons are present in both the supraoptic and the paraventricular nuclei in about the same number. Preferential location of the two kinds of rat neurosecretory neurons is not as obvious as in the bovine hypothalamus. Their perikarya do not show distinct morphological differences. The two kinds of neurosecretory perikarya are the origin of separate vasopressin-containing and oxytocin-containing axons respectively. In the neural lobe, the distribution of the two different types of axons is described. PMID- 53103 TI - Immunological maturation in cell-mediated immunity in the rat: fine specificity discrimination by the cells responsible for peritoneal cell migration inhibition, and its increase with time after sensitization. PMID- 53104 TI - Alteration of the antigenicity of human lymphocytes by plant lectins and short term tissue culture. PMID- 53105 TI - The role of macrophages in the generation of T-helper cells. I. The requirement for macrophages in helper cell induction and characteristics of the macrophage-T cell interaction. PMID- 53106 TI - [Immunopathology of a model inflammation]. AB - A series of 32 healthy individuals has been examined, in whom a large number of model inflammatory lesions of the "skin window" type had been produced. Physiological salina solution and diptheriac toxoid were administered by dropping as well as by intradermal injection into the lesioned areas of these individuals. The cover slips were removed after 12, 24 and 48 hours. The control inflammation without antigenic stimulation was characterized by the presence of neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytogenic macrophages and, later, also by epitheloid cells and foreign body giant cells. Celluization of the immune conditioned inflammation mainly consisted of rather small mononuclear cells related to the lymphatic series on the basis of their morphological and cytochemical features. In addition, neutrophils were also found, as well as typical macrophages, epitheloid and foreign body gaint cells. In the 24 and 48 hour preparations, particularly in those obtained from lesions following intradermal antigen administration, basophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes were a regular finding. The ftndings show a variability of the mutual proportions of immunocompetent and immunoneutral cells in the inflammatory cellulization under various condition. PMID- 53107 TI - [Histopathological picture of acute disseminated intravascular coagulation]. AB - The paper deals with histological analysis of 72 cases characterized by the finding of capillary microthromboses characteristic of acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). It has been stressed that, in addition to the usual fibrillary fibrin deposits, DIC is also characterized by the occurrence of globular fibrin formations, most frequently found within the hepatic and hypophyseal sinusoids. In the present series, microthromboses were obviously more frequent within the capillaries of organs such as the renal glomeruli or plexus chorioideus, wherein significant amounts of water are lost from circulating blood. PMID- 53108 TI - [Results of some methods in studying gamma globulin and immunoglobulin subfractions in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 53109 TI - [Immunologic comparison between some Wolbachiae and research of antigentic community with other members of the order of Rickettsiales]. AB - The antigenic relationship between some rickettsiae of arthropods, which do not transmit germs pathogenic to vertebrates was investigated by agglutination and immunofluorescence techniques. The comparison of R. melolonthae, R. tipulae, R. cetonidarum, R. grylli and of the rickettsiae of the scorpion Buthus occitanus shows that the Wolbachiae are divided into three serological groups. The insect crystallogen rickettsiae belong to the first group, R. grylli and the scorpion Rickettsia are antigenically distinct (tables I and II). No antigenic relationship was found between these arthropod microorganisms and the following agents of vertebrate rickettsioses and chlamydioses : historical typhus, murine typhus, pustulous fever, Q-fever, epizootic absortion of sheep and psittacosis (tables III and IV). Bacteria of OX2 and OX19 strain of P. vulgaris when mixed with anti-Wolbachiae serums of I, II, III groups, give a negative Weil a Felix reaction. The OXK Proteus are however agglutinated by 4 out of 6 rabbit anti Rickettsiella serums of the group. This fact calls for a further investigation regarding the comparison of these Rickettsiella with various strains of R. tsutsugamushi. PMID- 53110 TI - [Proposition of a reference serum for the immunochemical assay of human serum proteins]. AB - Sera of healthy students (from Academy of Paris) aged between 18 and 30 years were collected with a view to routine clinical testing. 50 samples each representing the pooled sera of 400 individuals were investigated by evaluating 7 proteins for each pooled sample. Calculations of standard deviations showed that there existed a significant reproductibility of less than 2% for the population as a whole. These pooled sera representing 20 000 individual blood samples are proposed as a standard of human serum proteins. PMID- 53111 TI - 35-S-antithyroid drug concentration and organic binding of iodine in the human thyroid. AB - 35S-methimazole (MMI), 35S-carbimazole or 35S-propylthiouracil (PTU) were given orally to fifty-five patients at various times up to 12 h before surgical thyroidectomy. The amount of 35S radioactivity and labelled drug in thyroid and plasma samples was measured. Intrathyroidal inhibition or organic binding of iodine by MMI, carbimazole and PTU was measured after intravenous administration of 131I, 132I or 125I-iodide. After administration of 35S-carbimazole or 35S-MMI the thyroid to serum (T/S) ratio of 35S radioactivity was greater in thyrotoxic glands than in non-toxic adenoma tissue. 35S-MMI was found in thyroid and plasma samples after administration of 35S-carbimazole. The T/S 35S-MMI was greater than 1 in most but not all patients. 35S radioactivity was also concentrated in the thyroid after administration of 35S-PTU. In thyrotoxic glands there was an 80% inhibition of iodine organification in patients receiving MMI and 60% for those receiving PTU. It is suggested that carbimazole and MMI can be given once or twice daily in some patients but PTU would be less suitable for this dose schedule. PMID- 53112 TI - The "active" rosette test in immunodeficiency diseases. PMID- 53113 TI - Basophilic leucocytes: structure, function and role in disease. AB - We have attempted to review the current state of our knowledge concerning the human basophilic leucocyte, drawing on experimental data derived from animals when necessary. Long neglected, a great deal has been learned about these cells in recent years, about their morphology, their biochemical constitutents and their ability to synthesize certain of these constitutents, their interactions with homocytotropic antibodies, their release of mediators in anaphylaxis, their response to chemotatic stimuli, their participation and progressive degranulation in cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, and their capacity for ingesting and releasing certain exogenous tracers. Despite this vast accumulation of new information, much more must be learned before we can confidently describe the role of basophils, or of the closely related mast cells, in health or disease. It seems most unlikely that either cell exists for the purpose of destroying the organism in anaphylactic shock. Nonetheless, it is highly probably that basophil/mast cell function is closely related to the potent chemicals stored within their cytoplasmic granules. One likely possibility holds that small amounts of these chemicals are required for homeostasis (e.g., for regulation of the tone of the microvasculature) and that these cells function by releasing such substances continuously, as they are needed, in small aliquots rather than by explosive discharge. This hypothesis requires that basophils be capable of releasing their contents in piecemeal fashion. Such gradual release apparently occurs in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, but the mechanisms responsible for this form of degranulation have not yet been identified. This hypothesis also requires that physiological, rather than pharmacological, roles be found for histamine, heparin and possibly for other components of the basophils/mast cell granules. Progress in this direction has been extremely slow. PMID- 53114 TI - Mononuclear phagocyte proliferation, maturation and function. AB - The mononuclear phagocytic system is a continuum of cells beginning with the bone marrow monoblast and promonocyte, through the monocyte to the larger tissue macrophages and multinucleate giant cells. This system of cells is widely distributed throughout the body in the blood and bone marrow; the pleural, peritoneal, and alveolar spaces; the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and other parenchymal organs. The activity and composition of the cell varies with the level of maturation, changes in cellular environment, and with various cellular activities. The monocyte-macrophage group of cells plays an active role in defense reactions against certain microorganisms, and in the removal of dying cells and cell debris. They are an integral part of both the inductive phase of the immune response, and of cell-mediated immune reactions. In addition, they probably play a role in the defence against spontaneously arising tumours, in the control of granulopoiesis, and possibly in erythropoiesis. PMID- 53115 TI - beta2-Microglobulins. AB - A low-molecular-weight protein, beta2-mu, isolated from urine and other biological fluids was shown to have an amino acid sequence related to constant regions of the immunoglobulin heavy chain--to CH3 comain in particular. Several homologues of this protein were also isolated and partially sequenced. The protein was shown to be localized in the membranes of nucleated cells and found to be associated with HL-A antigens. Its biological and/or immunological function is still unknown; however, it binds to complement and is cytophilic to guinea pig macrophages as well as to other cells. Antibodies to beta1-mu can act as mitogens and can blcok stimulation in MLCs but not recognition by "killer" lymphocytes. PMID- 53116 TI - Genetic control of alpha chains of rabbit IgA: allotypic specificities on the variable and the constant regions. PMID- 53118 TI - Red cells preserved with 10% hydroxyethyl starch: effect of prefreeze washing. PMID- 53117 TI - Gallium-67 citrate scanning in malignant lymphoma. PMID- 53119 TI - The reticuloendotheliosis viruses. PMID- 53120 TI - Antigen-binding properties of antibody molecules: time-course dynamics and biological significance. PMID- 53121 TI - The radiation biology of the thyroid. AB - The structure and function of the thyroid gland are described. A detailed analysis of population kinetics in the gland suggests a method of measuring cell survival after irradiation that has many features in common with methods used in other mammalian cell systems. This method is used to obtain survival curves for thyroid cells afer irradiation. The effects on survival of splitting the radiation dose into two or multiple fractions, radiation type, and radioprotective agents are also examined. In the light of these data the tolerance of thyroid tissue to radiation exposure under various conditions is discussed. The dosimetry and biological effects of 125I and 131I are described in detail, and compared with X-rays. Radioiodine treatment of thyrotoxicosis is presented in relation to the known biological effects of the isotopes on the gland. Carcinogenic action of ionizing radiations in the thyroid are reviewed with particular reference to the clinical consequences of observations in this field. PMID- 53122 TI - Lymphocytotoxicity inhibition: a reliable method for HL-A typing of cultured cell lines. PMID- 53123 TI - The human species antigen on chromosome 11. PMID- 53124 TI - The Gm-Pi linkage: a summary estimate. PMID- 53125 TI - Linkage relationships of the HL-A system and beta2 microglobulin. PMID- 53126 TI - Stains for six enzymes potentially applicable to chromosomal assignment by cell hybridization. PMID- 53127 TI - DNA replication patterns of human chromosomes from fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells revealed by a Giemsa staining technique. AB - A technique is described for visualizing late-replicating regions by a Hoechst 33258-Geimsa-staining procedure combining the techniques of Latt (1973) and of Perry and Wolff (1974). The advantages are two-fold: distinct bands are obtained and many possible mistakes and interpretation difficulties with autoradiography are avoided. The time sequence of late-replication patterns (excepting C-group chromosomes) has been established in human fibroblasts of adults, and these results have been compared with three of four different cell types from amniotic fluid. No significant differences in late-replication patterns and time sequence of the different cells could be discovered. As expected, the replication patterns are in good concordance with the patterns of G- and Q-bands. Some exceptions are described. PMID- 53128 TI - Airway obstruction due to spontaneous retropharyngeal hemorrhage. AB - A patient is described with polycythemia vera who was taking anticoagulants and developed a spontaneous retropharyngeal hemorrhage after a violent sneezing episode. This progressed to tracheal compression with stridor after he had taken some aspirin for relief of the neck pain. An emergency tracheostomy was life saving. PMID- 53129 TI - Unexpected total preexcitation possibly secondary to pseudoblock. PMID- 53130 TI - A high resolution study of the DNA replication patterns of chinese hamster chromosomes using sister chromatid differential staining technique. AB - Chinese hamster cells were grown for 1+ and 2+ cell cycles in the presence of BrdU and then treated by the sister chromatid differential staining technique (SCD). Those regions of a chromosome which had replicated twice in the presence of BrdU were pale staining and by selecting appropriate metaphase cells an accurate reconstruction of the DNA synthetic patterns was possible. A direct correlation between the staining intensity of the G bands and the order in which they replicate was found. Dark staining G bands were always the last region of a chromosome to replicate while G negative bands were first. It is concluded that each G band may be a cluster of replicons capable of initiating DNA synthesis simultaneously. PMID- 53131 TI - Visualization of nucleolar organizer regions im mammalian chromosomes using silver staining. AB - A simple ammoniacal silver staining procedure, designated Ag-AS, differentially stains the chromosomal locations of ribosomal DNA in certain mammalian species. This was critically demonstrated by Ag-AS staining of the nucleolus organizer regions in karyotypes of the same species and cell lines used for locating the ribosomal cistrons by DNA/RNA in situ hybridization. With Ag-AS, silver stained NORs (Ag-NORs) are visualized as black spherical bodies on yellow-brown chromosome arms. Ag-NORs were visualized throughout mitosis at the secondary constrictions in the rat kangaroo, Seba's fruit bat, Indian muntjac, and Rhesus monkey. The Chinese hamster and cattle have telomeric Ag-NORs, the mouse subcentromeric Ag-NORs, and the field vole Ag-NORs as minute short arms or choromosomal satellites. Ag-NORs occur at both secondary constrictions and at telomeres in the cotton rat. Variability in Ag-NOR pattern included differences in the number of Ag-NORs per cell within a cell population, size of Ag-NORs among chromosomes of a complement, and presence of Ag-NOR on particular chromosomes in two cell lines of the Chinese hamster. The available cytochemical data suggest that the Ag-AS reaction stains chromosomal proteins at the NOR rather than the rDNA itself. PMID- 53132 TI - Analysis of the replication pattern of Chinese hamster chromosomes using 5 bromodeoxyuridine suppression of 33258 Hoechst fluorescence. AB - Chinese hamster fibroblasts were synchronized and given 5-bromodeoxyuridine for DNA synthesis except during one hour of the S phase when thymidine was present in the medium. In the next mitosis, chromosomes stained with 33258 Hoechst were banded in appearance when photographed by fluorescence microscopy. The bright regions corresponded to the chromosome segments replicated during the thymidine exposure in the S phase. The segments replicated together during any one hour produced three distinct patterns which were characteristic of early, middle, and late S phase. Most of the fluorescent regions corresponded in size and position with G-bands of these chromosomes. There was no correlation between the staining behavior of a band in G-band procedure and its time-or-replication, i.e., both light and dark G-bands were replicated during early, middle, and late S phase. However, it appears that all of the DNA within a single band is replicated together within one third of the S phase. PMID- 53134 TI - [Acaricide-resistance of ixodide and argaside ticks]. PMID- 53133 TI - Simple differential Giemsa staining of sister chromatids after treatment with photosensitive dyes and exposure to light and the mechanism of staining. AB - The essential steps of the 33258 Hoechst-Giemsa method for differential chromatid staining consist of (1) 33258 Hoechst treatment, (2) exposure to light, and (3) Giemsa staining. The staining was shown to be a function of the concentration of 33258 Hoechst and the light exposure. The dye was successfully replaced by various metachromatic dyes such as thionine. Two simple methods are proposed. Failure of the pale stained chromatids to restore Giemsa affinity with urea and trypsin and the diminished Feulgen reaction after light exposure suggest that not masking proteins but photolysis of the BrdU-incorporation chromatid components in the present of photosensitive dyes play a role in the differential staining. PMID- 53135 TI - Short-course treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 53136 TI - Harmonic composition and topographic distribution of responses to sine wave modulated light (SML), their reproducibility and their interhemispheric relationship. AB - 1. Responses to sine wave modulated light (SML) were recorded bipolarly from the occipital, parietal and temporal scalp areas on the right and the left sides of 9 normal individuals. Their harmonic composition was determined by means of Fourier analysis. 2. The wave form of the responses was rather complex in relation to the stimulus and differed according to stimulation frequency and localization. 3. The components of the responses were principally the 1st and 2nd harmonics. 4. The amplitudes of the harmonics were usually largest over the occipital and smallest over the parietal scalp areas. 5. Considerable intra-individual amplitude variabilities of both harmonic component amplitudes existed in all areas of all individuals. 6. The interhemispheric amplitude correlations of 1st and 2nd harmonic components, simultaneously recorded in homologous occipital, parietal and temporal areas, were measured by means of Kendall's rank correlation test. 7. The interhemispheric synchrony of the harmonic components was measured by determining the phase differences between each of the response components in homologous right and left scalp areas. 2. In subjects with a high amplitude correlation a strong synchrony existed and vice versa. 9. It is suggested that the interhemispheric relationships between harmonic components of the responses to SML might be of importance for clinical application. This opinion is supported by the fact that through SML evoked responses a considerable data reduction is obtained in comparison with the responses to light flashes. PMID- 53137 TI - Cyclic EEG changes in subacute spongiform and anoxic encephalopathy. AB - Polygraphic recordings of EEG, EMG, EKG and respiration were made on three patients with histologically verified subacute spongiform encephalopathy and one patient with anoxic encephalopathy both before and after intravenous diazepam. The records showed cyclical activity occurring about every half minute in which the EEG changes were correlated with myoclonus and cardio-respiratory changes. It is suggested that these cycles represent spontaneous cycles of arousal to which the 1/sec sharp waves are related wnd which result from the same mechanisms that produce other cyclical autonomic phenomena. PMID- 53138 TI - [Maturation of interhippocampal responses. Report and localization of inhibitory and excitatory synapses in the horn of Ammon of the young rabbit]. AB - Extracellular recording from hippocampal areas of new-born rabbits up to 3 months of age was carried out to examine the responses evoked by stimulation of the contralateral alveus of CA1. In CA1, the extracellular potential fields show a positive wave whose amplitude is maximal at the somata of the pyramidal cells at any age. This positive wave has the same latency as an inhibitory postsynaptic potential induced in the same conditions and presumably represents inhibition at this level. In stratum oriens and at the top of stratum pyramidale, this positive wave is accompanied by ripples (at a frequency of about 200 c/sec) that are produced by basket cells. These ripples exhibit a very small amplitude up to 10 days of age. This positivity decreases in the depth towards the apical dendrite, reverses at the beginning of stratum radiatum and becomes rapidly negative. A second positive wave with ripples could be recorded from the layer of deep pyramidal cell somata belonging to the underlying CA3-CA4, only after 7 days. It is concluded that, in both the new-born and the adult rabbit, inhibitory synaptic action from contralateral stimulation is present on or close to the pyramidal cell somata, whereas excitatory action is located in the apical dendrites near the main branching. PMID- 53139 TI - A temporal component of the auditory evoked response. AB - We studied the 75-225 msec portion of the auditory evoked response (AER) in 32 normal adults at vertex (Cz) and temporal (T3 and T4) placements referred to a balanced, noncephalic reference electrode using a monaural 1 msec click stimulus delivered every 4.7 sec at 60 dB above threshold. The tape-recorded EEG was filtered at 1-25 c/sec, and 128 individual responses were summed, sampling every 0.5 msec for 250 msec post-stimulation. The Cz AERs showed the classic vertex response, a negative peak, N1, at 100 msec, followed by a positive peak, P2, at 160-200 msec. The T3 and T4 AERs were similar to the Cz AERs from 0 to 80 msec and from 200 to 250 msec. They differed significantly from the Cz AERs from 80 to 200 msec. The difference is best explained by the hypothesis that the Cz AERs consisted of N1P2, while the T3 and T4 AERs consisted of N1P2 plus an additional superimposed component, which we called the T complex, comprising a positive peak, Ta, at 105-110 msec, and a negative peak, Tb, at 150-160 msec. By computer, the corresponding Cz and T3 or T4 AERs were normalized to equalize their amplitudes, and the former was subtracted from the latter, thus isolating the T complex. The Ta peak was found to occur 1.5 +/- 1.6 msec earlier at the electrode contralateral to stimulation, and 2.2 +/- 4.0 msec earlier at the T4 (right) electrode. Both differences were statistically significant. The T complex amplitude was greater at the electrode contralateral to stimulation and at the T4 electrode. These findings appear to resolve current controversies concerning the form of the temporal AER. While N1P2 is apparently a product of widespread areas of cortex, we conclude that the T complex is probably a product of secondary auditory cortex. PMID- 53140 TI - Role of biogenic amines in the effects of marijuana on EEG patterns in cats. AB - The results of pretreatment with drug having selective action on brain biogenic amine levels on the subsequent effects of acute marijuana treatment were assessed for behavior and EEG measures. Behavioral changes and alterations in the spontaneous EEG indicated that pretreatment with drugs affecting brain levels of 5-HT was most effective in altering the dual properties of acute marijuana treatment. The present findings support the interpretation that the availability of serotonin interacts with the effects of acute marijuana treatment but do not eliminate the possible involvement of other neurotransmitters in the action of marijuana. PMID- 53141 TI - Dynamics of nap sleep during a 40 hour period. AB - Following 1 baseline night, the sleep of 8 adult males in equally space 1 h naps during a 40 h period was examined. Ten additional subjects were sleep-deprived for 40 h with 1 h periods of exercise given in place of naps. One recovery night followed the 40 h period for both groups. Total sleep time and the amount of stage REM during the naps were negatively related to the circadian-temperature cycle. Stage REM frequently appeared within 10 min of stage 1 onset and the normal sequence of stages REM and 4 were altered, demonstrating that the organization of sleep within a nap is quite different from that in monophasic nocturnal sleep. Auto-correlation and cross-correlation analyses showed that the relation of sleep stages from hour to hour in normal continuous baseline sleep was altered in nap-to-nap comparison. The timing of REM onset may be controlled by a sleep-dependent ultradian clock; the clock may stop upon awakening and resume at the next sleep onset. Naps had recuperative value in terms of maintaining the normal amounts of sleep stages on the recovery night; recovery sleep for the exercise group showed typical sleep-loss effects. PMID- 53142 TI - Regulation of unit activity in nucleus reticularis thalami by the mesencephalic reticular formation and the frontal granular cortex. AB - Recruiting responses and related synchronous activities appear to be mediated by thalamic inhibition originating in nucleus reticularis thalami, a structure jointly regulated by an ascending projection from mesencephalic reticular formation and a descending influence from the frontal cortex. Extracellular unit activity was recorded in the anterior nucleus reticularis thalami (RVA) during recruiting responses, augmenting responses, stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), and cryogenic blockade of the inferior thalamic peduncle (ITP). During recruiting responses, RVA units responded to medial thalamic (MT) stimulation with prolonged high frequency bursts. Analysis of the post-stimulus time histograms of these responses showed tham to have the same latency, duration, incrementing character, and envelope shape as the phasic thalamic inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) which appear to mediate recruiting responses. Brief stimulation of the MRF, which abolishes recruiting responses and thalamic IPSPs, prevented the response of RVA units to MT stimuli, and inhibited the spontaneous discharge of these units for 20 sec or more. We propose that the desynchronizing effect of MRF activation results from the abolition of thalamic inhibition originating in RVA. Cryogenic blockade of the ITP, which abolishes recruiting responses in the thalamus and cortex, also prevented R units from responding to MT stimuli. This result suggests that the MT activates R units via a thalamo-frontocortico-R pathway and explains the long latency of R bursts and thalamic IPSPs following MT stimulation. R cells that fired prolonged bursts during recruiting responses did not respond during augmenting responses. This result suggests that separate thalamic inhibitory mechanisms are involved in these two types of synchronization. PMID- 53143 TI - Neuronal activities in human epileptic foci and surrounding areas. AB - 1. Extracellular microelectrode recording was carried out in human epileptogenic cortex and in the area surrounding the focus in three cases and in the hippocampus of two cases. 2. It was impossible to identify primary "epileptic" or "pacemaker" neurons. Emphasis is placed on the interactions among the neuronal aggregates at the focus for generating the epileptic discharges in the interictal stage. The possibility of plasticity in each neuronal element in the epileptogenicity is considered. Surround inhibition was not observed. The slow wave burst was accompanied by a long repetitive rhythymic burst of unitary discharge. It was shown that the slow wave burst was a modified feature of epileptic activity. 3. Various types of activity of hippocampal neurons are described, which are, however, considered as normal discharges of those neurons. PMID- 53144 TI - Interaction between the activity of an epileptic focus and discrete skilled movements in rats. AB - Sixteen male hooded rats were trained to reach into a narrow feeding tube for small food pellets. The paw movements were photoelectrically detected. An epileptic focus established by local application of 1% picrotoxin on the exposed motor cortex increased the frequency of reaching with the ipsilateral paw and impaired reaching with the contralateral paw. Interictal discharge rate of all ipsilateral foci was increased by reaching in the same way as the slow activity (less than 0.5/sec) of contralateral foci. On the other hand, fast activity (greater than 0.5/sec) of contralateral foci was decreased by reaching. Computer analysis of interictal discharge indicence during 512 msec before and after reaching onset showed that the brief facilitation of discharge (50 msec) during the actual movement was often preceded and followed by more prolonged inhibition (200 msec). The inhibition was better expressed in the contralateral hemisphere. The results are interpreted as due to changes of cortical excitability associated with reaching and to interference of the epileptic focus with the cortical elaboration of the skilled movement. PMID- 53145 TI - The sleep of the baboon, Papio papio, under natural conditions and in the laboratory. AB - The sleep pattern of sixteen baboons (Papio papio) was studied under two very different conditions: (1) in a laboratory at Marseilles, the monkey being immobilized in a restraining chair in a soundproof cubicle; (2) in an African reserve, the monkey being housed in a large cage placed in its natural environment. Some very marked differences emerged. Sleep in the laboratory was longer (by 24 min) and richer in stage 3 and paradoxical sleep. In Africa, however, the sleep showed much more stage 1, was more fragmented and stages 2 and 3 and paradoxical sleep episodes were of shorter duration. Records made in Africa indicate that sleep is independent of slight environmental changes (day length, brightness of the moon, variations in temperature, calls of predators). But the comparison of the two series of results reveals the reorganization which occurs when the monkey is exposed to such different conditions. This adaptation to the environment affects, unequally, the various slow sleep stages and paradoxical sleep. In fact, the major modifications occur in stages 1 and 3 of slow sleep and in paradoxical sleep, while stage 2 appears to constitute the stable, unmodifiable nucleus of sleep. PMID- 53146 TI - Sleep-waking cycle in rabbits after cerebral ischemia. AB - In rabbits experimental cerebral ischemia of 4-6 min was followed by degradation of the electroencephalographic sleep-waking cycle, as determined from 3 h afternoon records: I. Hyposomnia i.e., reduction of slow wave and paradoxical sleep lasting for about 2 days, was seen, with gradual normalization in case of survival. II. In the first postischemic days abundant 14-17 c/sec spindles appeared in the motor cortex against a low voltage desynchronized background, making the EEG of waking qualitatively different from control records. The results are discussed with reference to polygraphic studies in comatose patients, EEG phenomenology of drowsiness, and cerebral monoamines. PMID- 53147 TI - An instrument for stable single cell recording from pulsating human cerebral cortex. AB - An instrument has been developed for positioning microelectrodes near neurons in the exposed pulsating cerebral cortex of man or animals. The electrode moves with the cortex and maintains a fixed relationship with the desired neuron. Stable extracellular single cell recordings have been obtained for 17.5 min from an exposed human brain that pulsated 1.5 mm at the surface. PMID- 53148 TI - Urinary metabolites from gamma- and beta-BHC in the mouse: chlorophenol conjugates. AB - Metabolites produced from gamma- and beta-BHC in the mouse urine were purified and characterized. Most metabolites from both isomers were not extractable by non polar organic solvents and were conjugates such as sulfates and glucuronides. After hydrolysis with an appropriate enzyme, the conjugates gave chlorophenols, among which 2,4,6-trichlorophenol existed most abundantly (total, about 25% in the urine metabolites). 2,4-Dichlorophenol also constituted a significant portion. PMID- 53149 TI - Recent status of organochlorine pesticide residues in foods in Japan. AB - In Japan, organochlorine compounds, especially BHC, were used in large quantities. Consequently, their accumulation in the human body or in live-stock through feed crops, and the contamination of mother's and cow's milk caused serious public concern. This prompted not only initial stricter regulation of their use but the eventual prohibition of BHC and DDT use in 1971. Fortunately, the contamination of mother's and cow's milk is decreasing by these steps. The Japanese daily BHC intake was 0.57, 0.63 and 1.34 mg./kg. body weight on the average, which is higher than both in England and the United States. But the daily intake of DDT and other organochlorine compounds is the same as or less than in these countries. Two researches in 1971 to 1972 indicate that beta-BHC contained in mother's milk was 0.096 and 0.115 mg./kg. on the average. PMID- 53150 TI - Direct stimulation of the sinus node in man. A possible explanation for an unusual finding during premature atrial stimulation. AB - An atypical behavior of the postextrasystolic pauses was observed in a 19-yr-old patient studied by His bundle electrography and programmed premature atrial stimulation. In the normal case there is a prolongation of the postextrasystolic pauses compared to the spontaneous cycle length allowing calculation of sinoatrial conduction time (SACT). In this case there were constant postextrasystolic pauses during the whole range of prematurity which were identical to the spontaneous cycle length. It is suggested that the catheter tip was accidentally positioned at the sinus node itself. The lengths of the spontaneous cycles, of the return cycles, and of the postreturn cycles showed no significant differences. Thus, one may assume that sinus node automaticity was not influenced in this case. PMID- 53151 TI - Growth characteristics of two HeLa S3 strains possessing low level glucocorticoid inducible and high level suppressible alkaline phosphatase. PMID- 53152 TI - Asymmetrical C-bands and satellite DNA in man. PMID- 53153 TI - Localisation by immunological techniques of myosin in nuclei of lower eurkaryotes. PMID- 53154 TI - Conformation of RNA in situ as studied by acridine orange staining and automated cytofluorometry. PMID- 53155 TI - Polymorphisms for human chromosomes 1 and Y. Feulgen and UV DNA measurements. PMID- 53156 TI - The induction of nucleolar fragmentation and the inhibition of RNA synthesis in HeLa cells by MPB and their restoration. PMID- 53157 TI - Fluorescent feulgen staining of fungal nuclei. PMID- 53158 TI - Aminopeptidase as a marker for macrophage differentiation. PMID- 53159 TI - Lymphocyte transformation and trans-membrane potential depressors. PMID- 53160 TI - Preganglionic innervation of the adrenal gland of the rat: a study using horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 53161 TI - Incorporation of glucosamine-3H into extracellular gamma-globulin by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. PMID- 53163 TI - [Gamma globulin and its use in prevention of various infections]. PMID- 53162 TI - Regulation of blood cell diferentiation. AB - The hemopoietic (blood forming) system contains pluripotent stem cells able to give rise to a variety of differentiated progeny, including erythrocytes, granulocytes, megakaryocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and possible other cell types. Although a good deal is known about cell lineage relationships in the hemopoietic system, only limited information is available about the mechanisms regulating the proliferation and differentiation of the stem cells and their progeny. An approach to this latter problem has been provided by the develoment of new techniques for the cultivation of hemopoietic cells in short-term cultures. In such cultures, the proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic cells can be studied under controlled conditions. Two areas of investigation show particular promise: elucidation of the role of the cell surface membrane in regulation; and the possible development, through a detailed investigation of the properties of leukoviruses, of new methods for the genetic analysis of hemopoietic cells. PMID- 53164 TI - Homing of liposomes to target cells. PMID- 53165 TI - Effect of estrogen plasma binding on sexual differentiation of the rat fetus. AB - alpha-Fetoprotein, the estradiol-binding plasma protein (EBP), binds estradiol but not R 2858 (11beta-methoxy-17-ethynyl-estradiol) specifically. R 2858 interferes more markedly than estradiol with the sexual differentiation of the male rat fetus following treatment of the mother during the final stages of gestation. Moreover, its tissular uptake is higher. These facts suggest that alpha-fetoprotein protects the fetus from the high circulating hormone concentrations present in the pregnant mother. The hormone, once transferred to the fetus, is retained in its vascular bed by EBP. PMID- 53166 TI - Different mechanisms for the induction of acetylcholinesterase in neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 53167 TI - Fast and slow axoplasmic flow in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats. AB - Accumulation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetylase (ChAc) activities proximal to a tie placed on the sciatic nerve was measured in control, untreated diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic rats. In the diabetic animals AChE accumulation was reduced by about 20% and ChAc accumulation by about 40%. Insulin treatment eliminated the impairment. It remains an open question whether these reversible functional changes in rat have any counterpart in the diabetic neuropathy of man. PMID- 53168 TI - [Investigations on the influence of Rh immunoglobulin prophylaxis on the immune response to postpartum rubella vaccination (author's transl)]. AB - A preliminary investigation showed that patients with rubella HHT antibody titres of 1:8 or greater did not show a significant rise in the antibody titre following rubella vaccination. The rubella antibody titre was determined in 651 obstetric patients. Of these, 43 (6.6%) had no significant antibodies to rubella (HHT less than 1:8) and were included in the present investigation. Patients in Group A received 0.5 ml. of the rubella vaccine Meruvax on the fifth postpartum day. Patients of Group B(Rh negative and Rh positive) received 250 mug anti-D in a 16% gammaglobulin solution intra-muscularly 48 hours postpartum and the rubella vaccination 3 days later. Three weeks following the rubella vaccination the mean geometric rubella antibody titre had risen +/- 1 Standard deviation to 19.6 +/- 7.7 in Group A (17 patients) and to 18.0 +/- 6.3 in Group B (12 patients). Six weeks following the rubella vaccinations Group A (19 patients) showed titres of 61.7 +/- 2.9 and Group B (14 patients) showed titres of 70.0 +/- 2.6. There was no statistically significant difference (greater than 0.5). The conversion rate in both groups was 100%. Patients can therefore be vaccinated against rubella in the postpartum period even though they will receive a concomitant prophylaxis with Rh immunoglobulin. PMID- 53169 TI - Studies on vertebrate kidney. V. PAS-positive lipids in kidneys of fishes from different habitats. AB - Five fish species living in different habitats, i.e. fresh water, estuarine and marine, were studied for the distribution of PAS-positive materia in various regions of the kidney, 10 minutes' oxidation with 0-5 per cent. HIO4 being employed prior to treatment with Schiff's reagent. PAS-positive material was detected in different sites of the kidney, i.e. brush border of proximal tubules, proximal tubule cells' cytoplasm, distal tubule cells' cytoplasm, glomerulus, basal cell border of proximal tubules and the interstitial cells. Of these sites, the brush border of the proximal tubule of Scoliodon sorrakowah showed the presence of PAS-positive lipids. Elsewhere the PAS-positive reaction was due to carbohydrates. Free aldehyde groups were absent. In Tilapia mossambica and Labeo rohita, PAS staining was enhanced after chloroform-methanol extraction, particularly in the brush border of the proximal tubule. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 53170 TI - Studies of vertebrate kidney. VI. Histochemical localization of phospholipids in kidneys of fishes from different habitats. AB - Six fish species living in different habitats such as fresh water, estuarine, and marine were studied for the distribution of phospholipids in various regions of the kidney. Well known histochemical methods, including those for choline containing phospholipids were employed. The distribution pattern of phospholipids in different parts of the kidney such as the brush border, basal border and cytoplasmic granules of the proximal tubule cells, the cytoplasmic granules of the distal tubule cells, glomeruli and interstitial cells is given. Choline containing phospholipids are present in the brush border of the proximal tubules of all the species studied and in the basal border of some. In the discussion an attempt at correlation of this histochemical pattern with the excretory functions and osmoregulation in these fishes is given. PMID- 53171 TI - Monographs on fragrance raw materials. PMID- 53172 TI - [Clinical experiences with an external heparinoid in high concentration of effective substance]. AB - 396 in-patients and 117 out-patients were treated of study the activity and tolerance of a highly dosed organo-heparinoid in the forms of ointment and gel. Either form was tolerated well; a local allergic cutaneous reaction was seen only in 1 patient. The efficiency of the product, assessed after a classification by points, can be denoted as good for every indication tested. PMID- 53173 TI - [Treatment of burns]. AB - Bibliographic data on pathophysiology, therapeutic methods and mortality rate of burn disease are compared with own clinical experiences with a standardized therapy. Within a period of 18 month 35 patients with burn disease of special therapeutic problems were treated besides the overall number of patients in the operative intensive care unit of the Klinikum Steglitz. As special devices for patients with burns still do not exist provisional solutions had to be developed. It is referred to the close connexion between prognosis and mortality, on the one hand, and the age of the patients and the degree of burns, on the other hand. Whereas shock treatment, medicamentous therapy and nutrition are largely standardized, there are strongly differing opinions on local treatment and surgical wound care. The routine application of gammaglobulines, antibiotics and heparin controversial, too. PMID- 53175 TI - Audio-visual aids. PMID- 53174 TI - [Differential diagnosis of congenital lipidoses by lipid analyses of body fluids, biopsy and autopsy tissue]. AB - 1. Presentation of the commomly used procedures for the extraction and separation of total lipids, glycolipids and phosholipids from fresh and formalin-fixed organs tissues (brain, liver, spleen, kidney) as well as from serum, CSF and urine. II. Description of the qualitative and quantitative analysis of individual lipid fractions (glycolipids, gangliosides, phospholipids, neutral lipids) by thin-layer chromatograhy and photodensitometry. III. Results of investigations performed on biopsy material, autopsy material, serum and urine in the following diseases: 1. Infantile, juvenile and adult Gaucher's disease: accumulation of glucocerebroside in liver and spleen. 2. Infantile and adult Niemann-Pick disease: accumulation of sphingomyelin in liver, spleen, kidney and lung. 3. Fabry's disease: increased urinary excretion of trihexosyl-ceramide and dihexosyl ceramide. 4. Infantile and adult metachromatic leukodystrophy: accumulation of sulfatides in the central and peripheral nervous system and kidney, increased urinary excretion of sulfatides. 5. Austin's variant of metachromatic leukodystrophy: besides an increase of sulfatides in the white matter of brain accumulation of glycolipids in the cerebral cortex. 6. Tay-Sachs disease (GM2 gangliosidosis): cerebral accumulation of GM2-ganglioside and trihexosylceramide (enzyme variant B), additional visceral accumulation (liver, spleen, kidney) of tetrahexosyl-ceramide = globoside (enzyme variant 0). 7. Infantile generalized GM1-gangliosidosis: cerebral (and visceral) accumulation of GM1-ganglioside and tetrahexosyl-ceramide. 8. Late infantile GM1-gangliosidosis: Cerebral accumulation of GM1-ganlioside and tetrahexosylceramide. 9. GM3-gangliosidosis (lactosyl-ceramidosis): neuronal accumulation of lactosyl-ceramide, GM2 ganglioside and GM3-ganglioside. 10. Refsum's disease: demonstration of phytanic acid esters of cholesterol in serum. PMID- 53176 TI - [PCB, DDT and BHC levels in human plasma as a measurement of tissue residue (author's transl)]. PMID- 53177 TI - [Fetalism of cancer - analysis of enzyme patterns]. PMID- 53178 TI - [Conference on carcino-fetal proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 53179 TI - A community-oriented center for severely and profoundly retarded children. AB - A center established three years ago to provide local residential services for severely and profoundly retarded children has developed programs that give the residents a high level of interaction with direct-care staff members and with the community. At the Elisabeth Ludeman Center, children live in groups of eight or fewer in four-bedroom homes served by neighborhood centers. In various community oriented programs, high school students are trained for jobs as half-time technicians. Ludeman residents are placed half days in a community development center, part-time services are provided at Ludeman for clients of other agencies, and community members come to the center as volunteer instructors or as users of Ludeman facilities. A key part of the center's program is an audiovisual service used extensively for inservice training and staff communication. PMID- 53180 TI - Late DNA replicaion of X chromosomes in female and pseudofemale cells of Microtus agrestis. AB - The late replication pattern of the short arms of the X chromosomes of Microtus agrestis was studied in female cells and in cells with 2 X chromosomes of male origin by means of the BUdR-Giemsa technique and of 3H-thymidine labelling. The light absorption of Giemsa stained chromosome sections which were unifilarly substituted with BUdR (labelled), was found to be 59.2% of that of unlabelled chromosomes. In female cells, asynchrony of DNA replication of both X chromosomes indicated the presence of facultative heterochromatin in the X2 and euchromatin in the X1. In the male cells only euchromatic X chromosomes were observed in diploid XX and XO cells as well as in triploid XXY, XX and XO cells. The results show that inactivation of an X chromosone in vitro, in cells with more than one originally active X chromosome does not occur even after a culture duration of several years. PMID- 53181 TI - Oxidase (donor: oxygen oxidoreductase) activity by peroxidase and alpha2 macroglobulin interaction. AB - The interaction between peroxidase (donor: hydrogenperoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7) and human alpha2-macroglobulin has been studied by employing starch gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometric assay analysis. PMID- 53182 TI - A new type of inversion of a human Y chromosome. AB - Using chromosome banding techniques, a phenotypically normal male was found to have an abnormal banding pattern of the Y chromosome. By the constitutive heterochromatin staining method, a darkly stained band was located on the short arm and the proximal region of the long arm. The quinacrine staining method also showed a similar abnormal banding pattern: a brightly fluorescing band was seen on the short arm and the proximal region of the long arm. By the conventional Giemsa staining method, however, no specific morphological abnormality was detected in the aberrant Y. On detailed karyotype analyses no recognizable abnormality of banding patterns of any other chromosome was found aside from the abnormal Y. The abnormality was determined to be a complex inversion of the Y chromosome, which is described as 46,X,inv(Y)(pter leads to p11::q11 leads to q12::cen::q12 leads to qter). PMID- 53183 TI - Antibody-ligand interaction studied by fluorescence enhancement methods--III. Binding activity of anti-p-azobenzene sulfonate antibody by 2-anilinonaphthalene 6-sulfonate. PMID- 53184 TI - Sequential changes and persistence of antibody molecules during the immune response with special reference to the binding properties of the antigen combining site. PMID- 53185 TI - Immunochemistry of sperm-whale myoglobin--XX. Accurate delineation of the single reactive region in sequence 80-103 by immunochemical studies of synthetic peptides. PMID- 53186 TI - Physico-chemical and antigenic properties of human C3. PMID- 53187 TI - The effect of chemical modification of flagellin on its subsequent immunogenicity. PMID- 53188 TI - A study of the nature of non-specific immunoglobulins by immunoexchange chromatography. PMID- 53189 TI - Antigenic structure of myoglobin: the complete immunochemical anatomy of a protein and conclusions relating to antigenic structures of proteins. PMID- 53190 TI - Immunochemistry of sperm-whale myoglobin--XXII. Accurate delineation of the single reactive region in sequence 103-120 by immunochemical studies of synthetic peptides: the complete antigenic structure of the protein. PMID- 53191 TI - Immunochemistry of sperm-whale myoglobin--XXIII. Investigation of the independence of the five antigenic reactive regions by immunoabsorbent studies. PMID- 53192 TI - Preparation and immunochemical characterization of a water-soluble acetylcholine receptor fraction from the electric organ tissue of the electric eel. PMID- 53193 TI - Preparation and evaluation of antisera directed against cancer specific moiety of antigenic determinants on carcinoembryonic antigen. PMID- 53194 TI - The 'intrinsic adjuvanticity' and immunogenicity of trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide. AB - One thymus-independent immunogen, trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) has been studied in vivo and in vitro in C3H/He and C3H/HeJ strains of mice. C3H/HeJ mice have been shown to be low responders, and C3H/He mice high responders to this immunogen. This 'low responder' status of C3H/HeJ mice has been demonstrated to be consequent to an intrinsic defect present at least at the level of B cells. It was demonstrated that high responder cells or 'in vivo milieu' could not restore this deficit to C3H/HeJ cells. It is proposed that the adjuvanticity, mitogenicity and polyclonal activating capacity of LPS are all fundamental to its property of acting as a thymus-independent carrier for the TNP determinant. This observation is discussed from the point of view that the T-cell independence for an antigen cannot derive solely from its multivalency but must depend upon the intrinsic adjuvanticity of that molecule. PMID- 53195 TI - Anti-thymocyte serum may enhance or suppress the response to the same antigenic determinant. AB - Treatment of BALB/c mice with heterologous anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) increases their response to the C-polysaccharide of a rough strain of Pneumococcus, R36A, but suppresses their response to a vaccine of the whole organism. Phosphorylcholine is the major antigenic determinant for both the C polysaccharide and vaccine. ATS also suppresses the response to phosphorylcholine when it is coupled to various protein carriers. In so far as was examined, ATS had no effect on adherent cells or the capability of adherent cells and antigen to stimulate an antibody response in non-adherent cells. The contrasting effects of the antiserum can best be accounted for by assuming that it acts on at least two different populations of thymic-derived cells. PMID- 53196 TI - Secretory component of the guinea-pig. AB - Free secretory component (FSC) was purified from guinea-pig milk by gel filtration and immunoabsorption on anti-SC antibodies. Guinea-pig FSC cross reacted with antisera to human FSC, and the reverse. Guinea-pig and human FSC resembled each other in molecular size, electrophoretic mobility and heterogeneity, as well as by the existence of antigenic determinants restricted to the unassociated form of the molecule. Guinea-pig FSC associates in vitro with guinea-pig IgM. Distribution of disulphide links is required to set free guinea pig FSC from secretory IgA. PMID- 53197 TI - Common antigenic structures of HL-A antigens. VI. Common antigenic determinants located on the 33,000 Dalton alloantigenic fragment portion of papain-solubilized HL-A molecules. AB - HL-A 33,000 Dalton fragments were isolated from three papain-solubilized HL-A preparations carrying different HL-A allospecificity by the dissociation induced in the reaction with rabbit antibodies to HL-A 11,000-Dalton fragment (i.e. human beta2-microglobulin). By assaying the binding activity with rabbit antisera against papain-solubilized HL-A molecules and against each of the HL-A component fragments and also with a battery of HL-A alloantisera, the 'antibody dissociated' 33,000-Dalton fragments were shown to retain not only the HL-A alloantigenic determinants but also the HL-A common antigenic determinants that are native to the 33,000-Dalton fragment portion of undissociated HL-A molecules and to be devoid of the cryptic HL-A common antigenic determinants that are found on HL-A 33,000-Dalton fragments obtained by dissociation with chemical reagents including acid. However, on exposure to acid, the antibody-dissociated 33,000 Dalton fragments were found to lose their HL-A alloantigenic and common antigenic characteristics and gain the cryptic HL-A common antigenic determinants. The greater part of the HL-A common antigenic determinants found here appears to be primate cross-reacting determinants. PMID- 53198 TI - Multiple antigenic sites on an eicosapeptide. I. Precipitin studies in the goat. AB - Purified peptide 105-124, an antigenic determinant from the carboxy terminus ribonuclease, was found to form an immune precipitate with antibody to that region prepared by affinity chromatography from goat hyperimmune antiserum to reduced carboxymethylated ribonuclease (CM-RNase). Cm-rnase also gave an immune precipitate with the antibody. Purified antibody to another region of similar size (40-61) did not form a precipitate with CM-RNase but did co-precipitate in the presence of antibody to peptide 105-124 and CM-RNase. The precipitin reaction between antibody to peptide 105-124 and CM-RNase was inhibited by two synthetic derivatives, peptides 118-124 and ala114-RNase 114-124. Stoichiometry of the precipitin reactions of antibody to 105-124 with CM-RNase or peptide 105-124 suggested an antigen valency of three or more. Consistent with this both peptides 105-124 and ala114-RNase 114-124 elicited immediate cutaneous reactions but 118 124 did not. These findings suggest that the eicosapeptide 105-124 is multivalent since at least three antibodies can react simultaneously with it. PMID- 53199 TI - Hapten and carrier specificities of cellular and humoral responses to highly substituted dinitrophenyl-human gamma-globulins in guinea-pigs. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and antibody reactions to the carrier and to the hapten have been studied in guinea-pigs immunized with different doses of highly substituted dinitrophenyl-human gamma-globulins (DNP56-HGG) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). The results confirm that DH reactions are specific for the carrier while antibody-mediated reactions are specific for the hapten in the early stages of the immune response. Later in the response, however, DH reactions to the hapten as well as a transient humoral reaction to the carrier could be observed. T cells specific for the hapten and B cells specific for the carrier are therefore triggered after a single infection of a highly substituted hapten carrier conjugate in FCA. Their regulatory functions in the immune response to hapten-carrier conjugates are discussed. PMID- 53200 TI - Serological purification of polysaccharide antigens from Streptococcus mutans serotypes a and d: characterization of multiple antigenic determinants. AB - The polysaccharide antigen preparations from serotype a and serotype d strains of Streptococcus mutans contained both a serotype-specific antigenic determinant and a common a-d antigenic determinant, as demonstrated by agar gel diffusion studies and a quantitative cross-precipitin assay. The chromatographically purified antigens were isolated by a method which depended on their serological specificity to determine if these two antigenic determinants were located on the same molecule. The a and d polysaccharides were recovered from specific antigen antibody complexes and characterized with respect to their immunological specificity and chemical composition. Agar gel diffusion tests demonstrated that, in both the a and d preparations, the serotype-specific antigenic determinant and the common a-d antigenic determinant were present in one molecule. PMID- 53201 TI - Biological activity of fragments derived from the extracellular slime glycolipoprotein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Glycolipoprotein, obtained from the extracellular slime layer of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was purfied and subjected to chemical and enzymatic treatment in an attempt to assign certain of its biological activities to chemical moieties comprising the glycolipoprotein molecule. Treatment of the glycolipoprotein with phenol, although removing all detectable protein, yielded a fragment capable to exerting the biological activities associated with the untreated glycolipoprotein (leucopenia, lethality, inhibition of phagocytosis, antigenic specificity). Acetic acid treatment resulted in a fragment composed mainly of carbohydrate and a small amount of protein, but no detectable lipid. This fragment was devoid of leucopenic and lethal activity, but retained antigenic specificity and the ability to inhibit phagocytosis. The fragments release from the glycolipoprotein after treatment with phage 2-depolymerase were low-molecular-weight products and were devoid of the biological activities associate with the glycolipoprotein. PMID- 53202 TI - Effect of the quality of the lipopolysaccharide on mouse virulence of Salmonella enteritidis. AB - The cell wall O antigen is known to affect mouse virulence of Salmonella. We have shown earlier that S. typhimurium expressing somatic antigen 9,12 is less virulent than its 4,12 sister transductants in mice after intraperitoneal inoculation, suggesting that the 4,12-type O antigen is connected with high virulence in mice. In this report we show, in accord with this suggestion, that when the naturally occurring O-9,12 S. enteritidis is made O-4,12 by transduction, its virulence is increased. The difference between O-9,12 and O 4,12 sister transductants is highly significant, with P less than 0.001. PMID- 53203 TI - Purification and serological characterization of a type-specific antigen of Streptococcus equisimilis. AB - A microtiter complement fixation (CF) procedure was developed for use in detection of antibodies in sera of swine and rabbits vaccinated with Streptococcus equisimilis. Crude ultrasonic as well as acid-extracted preparations contained CF antigen, but the ultrasonic procedure resulted in a higher yield of active antigen. Evidence of serotype specificity with varying degrees of cross reactivity was detected with the CF procedure when representative strains of four different serotypes of S. equisimilis were compared by using their respective unadsorbed antisera. Fractionation of crude sonic extract or acid extract by centrifugation, precipitation with ammonium sulfate, and chromatography on carboxymethyl cellulose yielded a purified, type specific antigen that reacted only with the homologous antiserum in the CF test and formed a single band by immunodiffusion. Complement-fixing antibodies in immune swine sera were predominately immunoglobulin G. PMID- 53204 TI - Immunologically specific production of interferon in cultures of rabbit blood lymphocytes: association with in vitro tests for cell-mediated immunity. AB - Lymphocytes of animals with delayed hypersensitivity produce mediators of cellular immunity when challenged in vitro with specific antigen. Among these are macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and interferon (IF). Nonspecific mitogens also induce the production of these lymphokines. In the following study leukocytes and column-purified lymphocytes of the same peripheral blood sample from tuberculin (purified protein derivatives [PPD])-sensitive rabbits were concurrently cultured in medium alone or with PPD. Supernatants of 1- and 4-day lymphocyte cultures were assayed for MIF. Supernatants of 1-, 2- to 4- and 5- to 7-day leukocyte cultures were assayed for IF by inhibition of cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus on rabbit kidney cultures. In the presence of PPD, normal lymphocytes did not produce MIF, but lymphocytes from sensitized animals did (8/8 animals), after 1 and 4 days of culture. Leukocytes from normal animals produced little or no IF when cultured with or without PPD. Leukocytes from sensitized animals cultured in medium alone produced little IF. However, when cultured with PPD they produced significant amounts of IF on day-1 (6/8 animals) and day-2 to day-4 (4/8) animals. There was no correlation between relative amounts of MIF and IF produced by cultures of respective cells from individual animals. Rabbit IF produced or released in vitro appeared in significant and maximum amounts by 24 h coincident with the time release of significant amounts of another mediator of cellular immunity, MIF. PMID- 53205 TI - Cytoplasmic antigens unique to the mycelial or yeast phase of Candida albicans. AB - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis with absorption in situ was used to distinguish the cytoplasmic antigens unique to the mycelial or yeast phase of Candida albicans from cytoplasmic antigens shared by both phases. The soluble cytoplasmic extracts of each growth phase had at least six distinct antigenic constituents not shared by the other phase. This technique is recommended for the analysis of closely related antigenic complexes. PMID- 53206 TI - Defense mechanisms against bovine herpesvirus: relationship of virus-host cell events to susceptibility to antibody-complement cell lysis. AB - The interaction of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and susceptible host cells was examined to determine whether an infected cell could be destroyed by humoral immune mechanisms before or after the transmission of virus to susceptible adjacent cells. Viral antigens were detectable on cell membranes at 6 h postinfection, but cells were not susceptible to antibody-complement lysis until 10 h postinfection. Intracellular infectious virus was also detectable at 10 h postinfection, and transmission to adjacent cells by the intracellular route began at this time. Extracellular virus was not detectable until 12 to 13 h postinfection. By the continual addition of antibody and complement, virus dissemination could be reduced more than 50-fold. These results support the hypothesis that the humoral immune mechanism may be involved in the recovery from herpesvirus infections. PMID- 53207 TI - Antigen-binding cells in human fetal liver. AB - Antigen-binding cells (ABC) could be detected regularly by autoradiography among haemic cells in the liver of human fetuses ranging in age from 8 to 24 weeks. For radioiodine-labeled thyroglobulin, the antigen mainly used in these studies, counts of ABC ranged from 5.0 to 24.3 per 1,000 cells scanned. There was a trend for counts of ABC in liver to be highest at 10-12 weeks of fetal life. Binding of labeled thyroglobulin was inhibited by excess unlabeled thyroglobulin, but not by other protein antigens. Artifacts due to binding of antigen to normoblasts, which comprised 90% of the haemic cells in fetal lines, and to cells with 'sticky' surfaces were excluded as far as possible. There was no response by fetal liver cells to phytohaemagglutinin. Although there was only minimal inhibition of binding by anti-immunoglobulin sera of known potency, the ABC in human fetal liver were assumed to correspond to immunoglobulin-bearing precursors of B cells described by others in the liver of the fetal mouse. PMID- 53208 TI - Report of a workshop on the immune response to solid tumours in man. PMID- 53209 TI - Inhibition of sensitization of T-cells by alpha-fetoprotein. AB - A two-phase model of allograft immunity was studied. In the first phase, specific immune T-cells were generated by incubation of responder cells with mitomycin-C treated allogeneic stimulator cells of the same H-2 type as mouse mastocytoma tumor cells. In the second step, the ability of the sensitized cells to kill Cr51 labelled P-815 mastocytoma cells was assayed. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was shown to inhibit the generation of immune cytotoxic T-cells at low concentrations (1 100 ng/ml) when added at the beginning of the first phase. When added at the end of the first phase or in the second (killing) phase, AFP was found to have no significant effect on cytotoxicity, indicating that it did not inhibit the killer T-cell once it was generated. PMID- 53210 TI - Secondary specific immune response in vitro to MSV tumor cells. AB - The interactions which occur between antigenic tumor cells and normal or immune lymphoid cells in a 3-day in vitro culture, have been studied with a murine sarcoma virus (MSV)-induced tumor. The 3H-thymidine incorporation of lymphoma cells growing in suspension, and the radioactive-chromium release of freshly sampled lymphoma cells regularly added to the culture, have been compared to determine the part played by immune lymphoid cells in cytolysis and cytostasis of the tumor-cell population. The cytolytic activity increases in the culture from day 0 to day 3. It is due, predominantly, to T-cells, and remains specific to antigens shared by MSV tumors and related lymphomas. This activity would be difficult to detect unless freshly sampled ascitic cells were used as targets, since the lymphoma cells spontaneously lose a part of their sensitivity to immune cytolysis during in vitro culture. The method used in the present experiments is a secondary chromium release test (SCRT), which measures the invitro secondary stimulation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) by tumor cells. In the absence of stimulatory cells, the CTL activity would have rapidly fallen in vitro. The cytostatic activity also increases during the 3 days in vitro, in parallel to the cytolytic activity: it is due to non-T-cells and remains mainly non-specific. The significance of these data for the interpretation of invitro demonstrated cell mediated anti-tumor immune reactions is briefly discussed, as well as their relevance in the in vivo role of immune CTL. PMID- 53211 TI - Antigenic specificities of the cell-mediated anti-tumor reactions in the MSV system studied by the secondary chromium release test. AB - The SCRT and the inhibition test have been used to determine the specificity of cell surfacr antigens reacting with anti-M-MSV cytolytic lymphocytes. The method provides very sensitive and specific results. Some discrepancies exist between the results of SCRT and those obtained by the in vitro inhibition by tumor cells of cell-mediated immune cytolysis. The main point is that allogeneic cells are stimulatory in SCRT, whereas they are not reactive in the inhibition test. Several hypotheses are discussed to explain these discrepancies. In all the experiments, a strong secondary stimulation of cytotoxic lymphocytes was obtained in vitro when FMRGi (+) cells were used as stimulators, whatever the nature and the histocompatibility antigens of these cells. This suggests that an antigen of the "FMRGi system" is regularly involved in the cell-mediated anti-MSV reaction. However, other antigenic specificities of different natures are probably also concerned due to the antigenic complexity of these tumors. PMID- 53212 TI - Selective and non-selective lymphocytotoxicity in human melanoma: observation on the effect of long-term culture and fetal bovine serum on target-cell sensitivity to lymphocytes. AB - In vitro cell mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) assays have been conducted in a human melanoma system with a 3H-proline retention technique. Melanoma target cells from long-term cultures ("cell lines") are found to exhibit increased susceptibility for lymphocyte cytotoxicity in comparison to the same target cells from short term culture. The higher sensitivity of the "cell line" derived target cells is seen with lymphocytes, irrespective of diagnosis of the donor. In parallel experiments with the target cells grown in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) and AB+ human serum (from a normal male doner), the melanoma target cells grown with FCS do not show any enhanced cytotoxicity, suggesting no causal relationship of such enhanced sensitivity of "cell line"-derived target cells to "heterologous melanoma antigens" that might have been acquired by the target cells following the use of FCS in tissue culture. In controlled assays of in vitro CMC, lymphocytes from melanoma patients (14/44) exhibited selective cytotoxicity (destruction of only one target-cell type) against the melanoma target cells, whereas only 3/97 control lymphocytes (other malignancies and normal donors) showed such melanoma-selective cytotoxicity. This difference is statistically significant at p less than 0.001. Non-selective cytotoxicity (destruction of two or more unrelated target cell types) was seen with lymphocytes from 9/44 melanoma patients, 13/51 patients with other malignancies and 8/46 normal donors. No correlation of selective cytotoxicity could be established with donors' age, sex, stage of disease, therapy or history of blood transfusion. Such a correlation may emerge as our series becomes larger. Despite the lack of any correlation between selective cytotoxicity and disease status, our study reaffirms the existence of selective cytotoxicity by melanoma patients' lymphocytes against melanoma target cells. PMID- 53213 TI - An analysis of chronic drunkenness offenders with implications for behavioral intervention. PMID- 53214 TI - Babesia rodhaini: immuno-induction of antigenic variation. PMID- 53215 TI - Endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa. PMID- 53216 TI - Ultrastructure of mammalian chromosome aberrations. PMID- 53217 TI - Androgens and estrogens in the plasma and prostatic tissue of normal dogs and dogs with benign prostatic hypertrophy. AB - The endogenous concentrations of certain androgens and estrogens have been quantified in the plasma and prostatic tissue from normal dogs and dogs with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). In the tissue and plasma from both dog populations, the level of estrone was higher than that of estradiol. The concentration of testosterone in the tissue and plasma of both normal dogs and dogs exceeded the concentration of either estrogen. Prostatic levels of dihydrotestosterone greatly exceeded that of testosterone. A comparison of normal dogs and dogs with BPH revealed that in both the plasma and prostatic tissue the concentrations of estradiol and estrone were significantly elevated (P less tha 0.05) in the BPH dogs. Plasma and prostatic levels of testosterone did not differ between the two groups; however, the concentration of dihydrotestosterone in hyperplastic glands was approximately 4 times greater than normal. PMID- 53218 TI - 3alpha-Reduction of dihydrotestosterone in human normal and hypertrophic prostatic tissues. AB - The activity of 3alpha-reduction of dihydrotestosterone was located in both the particulate and the soluble fractions of human prostatic tissues. Activity of 3alpha-reduction was higher than that of 3beta-reduction under the incubation conditions employed; therefore, the main reductive metabolic pathway of dihydrotestosterone seemed to be the formation of 5alpha-androstane-3alpha,17beta diol in human prostatic tissues. There was no significant difference between normal and hypertrophic prostatic tissues when the activity of 3alpha-reduction of dihydrostertosterone was compared on a wet weight basis. PMID- 53219 TI - Quantitation of adenovirus soluble antigens by crossed immunoelectrophoresis: application to serological characterization of mutants. AB - The two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis technique was applied to adenovirus type 2 soluble antigens. Electrophoresis of adenovirus-infected HeLa cell extracts in adenovirus antibody-containing agarose gel permitted us to assay for hexon, assembled penton, free penton base and free fiber simultaneously in one single experiment. This technique was routinely used to characterize the adenovirus type 2 temperature-sensitive mutants. PMID- 53220 TI - Sinus bradycardia complicated by extrasystolic ventricular tachycardia with 2:1 retrograde A-V block. PMID- 53221 TI - A method for demonstration of synaptic densities in CNS. AB - The synaptic densities in rat CNS were demonstrated using an alcohol solution of uranyl acetate at pH 5.0-6.0 of unosmicated material. A number of procedures were performed to establish the chemical characteristics of the structures stained by the method described. PMID- 53222 TI - Alkali burns of the rabbit cornea. II. A histochemical study of glycosaminoglycans. AB - In alkali burned rabbit cornea the stainability of glycosaminoglycans in cold microtome setions was investigated. Staining by Alcian blue in 3% acetic acid, Alcian blue in various MgCl2 concentration and toluidine blue (pH 4.5) was employed. From the 1st to the 4th experimental day the intensity of reactions was decreased. This is most probably due to an increased hydration of the corneal stroma. On the 7th day hydration was markedly suppressed and reached nearly the normal level. In this time interval a decreased stainability of glycosaminoglycans was seen accompanied by a complete loss of staining in the marginal zone. On the 14th day the stainability in the traumatized area began to restore and in the marginal zone appeared. On the 32nd day the staining intensity of both areas was normalised, however when lower concentrations of MgCl2 were used; in the presence of higher concentrations of MgCl2 the decreased staining intensity persisted and points to a lower sulfatation of glycosaminoglycans. This was particularly remarkable in the area bordering the injured zone. This decrease runs parallel to the increased activities of acid glycosidases (especially of acid beta-galactosidase) which were reported previously. PMID- 53223 TI - Direct spectrophotometric observation of intracellular nitro-blue tetrazolium and its formazan by multiple internal reflectance infrared spectroscopy. AB - A technique is described which permits the direct, infrared (IR) spectrophotometric observation of peripheral leukocytes by utilizing multiple internal reflectance (MIR) spectroscopy on zinc selenide prisms. The IR spectra of nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) and its derivative, nitro-blue diformazan (NBF), are described and examined and these spectra are compared with those of the intracellular NBT and NBF yielding several peaks which may prove to be analytically useful. Additionally, the presence of unreduced NBT in leukocytes is demonstrated, which microscopic and chemical "NBT tests" have not previously done. PMID- 53224 TI - The cellular distribution of aldolase isozymes in rat kidney and brain determined in tissue sections by the immuno-histochemical method. AB - The use of the immuno-histochemical method permits the localization of aldolase isozymes in tissue sections. Upon incubating a section with a monomer-specific antiserum, isozymes containing that monomer remain in the section, whereas other cytoplasmic enzymes diffuse out of the section. If soluble antigen is added subsequently, it is bound by the tissue-bound antibody. These antibody fixed aldolases can then be stained by the use of a tetrazolium test linked to substrate hydrolysis. In this way it was demonstrated that isozymes of aldolase containing mostly the A monomer are predominantly localized in the distal tubules, the collecting tubules, the vessels and capillaries of the kidney, the ganglia, the Purkinje cells, the neurons, the white matter and the chorioid plexus of the brain. Aldolase containing mostly B-monomers were found in the proximal tubules. Aldolase isozymes particularly rich in C-monomers were seen in the nervus opticus, the pia mater, the vessels of cerebrum and the molecular layer of the cortex cerebelli. PMID- 53226 TI - The alkaline hydrolysis of nucleic acid for removal of RNA associated fluorescence in phenantridium related flow through cytofluorometry. AB - Flow through microfluorometry of phenantridium and fluoresceinisothiocyanate stained HeLa cells showed the absence of extranuclear RNA related fluorescence after prolonged hydrolysis of cells in ethanolic barium hydroxide. DNA distribution were as good as in RNAse treated samples. Distribution pattern of cellular protein/DNA ratios yielded greater resolution power than those after RNAse digestion. The cellular protein content has not been affected. The ethanolic hydrolysis has the advantage to be of less expense and to allow cell conservations for further measurements with other well preserving fixatives. Thus, application of glutaraldehyde has been proved to be valuable. PMID- 53225 TI - Myoepithelial cells in human thymus: staining, polarization and fluorescence microscopic studies. AB - Myoid cells in human thymus were studied around the turn of the century, and alterations in patients with cardiovascular disease were reported. It was therefore deemed of interest to reinvestigate these long forgotten cells. The configurational staining, polarization and fluorescence microscopic properties of smooth myofibrils in thymic epithelial cells were identical with those of classical myoepithelial cells, smooth muscle, and A bands of striated muscle. Cross-striated myoid cells could not be found in thymus of children. Myoepithelial cells formed a layer at the surface of thymic lobules; others were scattered throughout the cortex and medulla. In addition, the medulla contained seemingly hypertrophic myoepithelial cells. Hassall's corpuscles consisted of layers of myoepithelial cells. Hammar (1905) regarded epithelial cells with smooth myofibrils in human thymus as equivalents of the cross-striated myoid cells in lower vertebrates. The myoepithelial cells observed in this study are apparently identical with the smooth myoid cells of early anatomists; the hypertrophic myoepithelial cells correspond to the unicellular Hassall's corpuscles. The functions of these cells are not yet clear; the wide variations from case to case in the same age group indicate that the myoepithelial cells are affected by a variety of diseases. PMID- 53227 TI - [Isolated amyloid of the larynx (author's transl)]. AB - A laryngeal amyloid in a 45-year-old man was removed from the sinus of Morgagni via laryngofissure at the Ear, Nose, and Throat Department of the University of Teheran. Aspects of the amyloid are discussed with regard to the literature. PMID- 53228 TI - Aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase III, a new phosphotransferase. Resistance mechanism. AB - The aminoglycoside phosphotransferase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21-75 was purified by affinity chromatography using dibekacin-Sephadex 4B or lividomycin A Sepharose 4B followed by DEAE Sephadex A-50 chromatography. It had activities of both the known aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferases I and II, and transferred phosphate from ATP to the 3'-hydroxyl group of kanamycin A, ribostamycin and butirosin A and 5-hydroxyl group of lividomycin A. This enzyme was designated aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase III. It showed strong substrate inhibition by kanamycin A and ribostamycin when their concentration exceeded 6 muM. Purification and characterization of this enzyme are reported. PMID- 53229 TI - IUPAC Commission on terminal residues. PMID- 53230 TI - Platelet functions in ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 53231 TI - Induction of petite mutations during germination and outgrowth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ascospores. AB - The germination and outgrowth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ascospores were studied by determining the sensitivity of the ascospores to the action of chemical mutagens. Survival of the ascospores after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) treatment was low during the first 2 h of germination and then increased and remained constant. Survival of the ascospores after 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-(3 [ethyl-2-chloroethyl]aminopropylamino)acridine-2HC1 (ICR-170) treatment was constant from 0 to 5 h, but as the ascospores completed outgrowth at 6 h they became more sensitive to killing by ICR-170. Survival of the ascospores remained high during treatment with 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-(3-[ethyl-2 hydroxyethyl]aminopropylamino)acridine-2HC1 (ICR-170-OH) or 2,7-diamino-10-ethyl 9-phenyl-phenanthridinium bromide. The main classes of mutations screened for were petites and auxotrophs. The induction of petites and auxotrophs by MNNG was independent of the stage of germination and outgrowth treated. Petite induction by ICR-170 was dependent upon the stage of germination and outgrowth treated. The early hours of germination (0 to 3 h) were not sensitive to petite induction. However, there was maximal petite induction at 5 h into germination and outgrowth, followed by a decline. During this same time period, ICR-170 induced less than 1% auxotrophic colonies. This finding is very unusual because ICR-170 induced 15% auxotrophic colonies in starved log-phase cultures of S. cerevisiae. The acridine ICR-170-OH induced no mutations during germination and outgrowth of the ascospores. Ethidium bromide induced petites, and the petite frequency became maximal at 5 h of germination and outgrowth, a result similar to that obtained with ICR-170. PMID- 53232 TI - Antigenic determinants of bovine myelin encephalitogenic protein recognized by rabbit antibody to myelin encephalitogenic protein. AB - The antigenic determinants of bovine myelin encephalitogenic protein were investigated by quantitative complement fixation and hapten inhibition using rabbit anti-monkey protein and anti-bovine protein and purified and characterized fragments of bovine protein. The two regions of bovine encephalitogenic protein containing determinants were sequences 1 to 43 and 90 to 170. One rabbit antiserum recognized a determinant(s) probably in residues 15 to 40 while for another rabbit antiserum the determinant of 1 to 43 resided in 1 to 20. The determinant(s) of residues 90 to 170 involved the region around the tryptophan at position 116. Fragment 44-89, which contains the major encephalitogenic determinant for the rabbit, was virtually devoid of any reactivity with the rabbit anti-encephalitogenic protein. It appears that portions of the protein other than the encephalitogenic site are responsible for stimulation of bone marrow-derived cells and antibody production. In demonstrating selected regions of the protein as sites for antigenic determinants, the present immunochemical studies also suggest that the protein might have a more folded conformational alignment than previously suspected. PMID- 53233 TI - Microtubules and axoplasmic transport. Inhibition of transport by podophyllotoxin: an interaction with microtubule protein. AB - Pharmacological evidence is presented for the involvement of microtubules in the process of fast axoplasmic transport. A quantitative measure of the inhibition of axoplasmic transport in an in vitro preparation of rat sciatic nerve is described. The alkaloids colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and vinblastine, which are known both to disrupt microtubules and to bind to the protein subunit of microtubules, are inhibitors of axoplasmic transport. Lumicolchine and picropodophyllin, unlike their respective isomers colchicine and podophyllotoxin, are poor inhibitors of axoplasmic transport. The dissociation constants for the binding of colchicine, lumicolchicine, podophyllotoxin, and picropodophyllin to purified microtubule protein from rat brain have been measured. Inhibition of axoplasmic transport by these drugs correlates favorably with their affinities of microtubule protein. PMID- 53234 TI - Proteoglycans in primate arteries. I. Ultrastructural localization and distribution in the intima. AB - Proteoglycans were identified and localized histochemically and ultrastructurally in normal and hyperplastic arterial intimas in nonhuman primates (Macaca nemestrina). These regions were consistently more alcianophilic than the adjacent medial layers and this alcianophilia was absent after treatment with glycosaminoglycan-degradative enzymes. Ultrastructurally, the intimal intercellular matrix consisted of numerous, irregularly shaped, 200-500-A diameter granules possessing 30--60-A diameter filamentous projections, and these granules were dispersed between collagen and elastic fibers. The granules exhibited a marked affinity for ruthenium red and were interconnected via their filamentous projections. The ruthenium red-positive granules were intimately associated with the plasma membrane of intimal smooth muscle cells and attached to collagen fibrils and elastic fibers. The matrix granules were completely removed after testicular hyaluronidase or chondroitinase ABC digestion but only partially removed after leech hyaluronidase treatment. These results suggest that the matrix granules contain some hyaluronic acid and one or more isomers of chondroitin sulfate. In addition to the large ruthenium red-positive matrix granules, a smaller class of ruthenium red-positive granule (100--200-A diameter) was present within the basement membranes beneath the endothelium and surrounding the smooth muscle cells. Ruthenium red also exhibited an affinity for the surface coat of the smooth muscle cells. The potential importance of proteoglycans in arterial intimal hyperplasia is discussed. PMID- 53236 TI - Perturbation of mammalian cell division. II. Studies on the isolation and characterization of human mini segregant cells. AB - A method is described for the isolation, according to size, of mini segregants produced by the abnormal cleavage of reversibly arrested mitotic HeLa cells. Many of these mini segregants contain small amounts of DNA, as judged by Feulgen staining and chromosome analysis. After fusion with mitotic HeLa cells, the interphase chromosomes of the mini segregants are seen as either monovalent or bivalent prematurely condensed chromosomes (PCC), some of which are damaged. A proportion of isolated mini segregants synthesize DNA, RNA and protein. Fusion of mini segregants with interphase HeLa cells gives rise to cells with 'hybrid' karyotypes. PMID- 53235 TI - Opaque deposits on gap junction membranes after glutaraldehyde-calcium fixation. AB - When cloned hybrid cells (A/Bm-5) were grown to confluence and fixed in glutaraldehyde-calcium, electron-opaque deposits were observed on the cytoplasmic faces of plasma membrane. Deposits were most abundant at gap junctions. Deposits were often precisely paired, cell-to-cell, across the gap junctional membranes, and these paired deposits were frequently equivalent in size. This relationship was most often observed on long profiles of gap junctions, in contrast to the asymmetric distribution of larger deposits commonly found on short junctional profiles. Deposits were present with or without heavy metal staining but did not appear when calcium was omitted from the fixative. Fixation at room temperature yielded more and larger deposits than fixation at 0 degrees C. The significance of these observations is discussed with regard to the possible binding of calcium at fixed membrane sites or the precipitation of calcium by anions produced by enzymes located at the gap junction. PMID- 53237 TI - Morphological heterogeneity of HeLa cell mitochondria visualized by a modified diaminobenzidine staining technique. AB - The diaminobenzidine (DAB) technique for the ultrastructural localization of sites of cytochrome c oxidase activity in animal tissues has been adapted to the visualization of mitochondria in animal cells growing in culture. The modified technique allows the staining of mitochondria in all cells in coverslip preparatins for light microscopy. Electron microscopy of thin sections of material treated by this method has revealed that all mitochondrial profiles within a cell (and only these) are stained and they exhibit a well preserved size and internal structure. Coverslip cultures of synchronized and unsynchronized HeLa (F-315) cells stained with the DAB reaction were examined under oil immersion. In the majority of the cells, mitochondria were recognized as discrete bodies in the thinner peripheral portion of the cytoplasm. This observation indicates that in a large proportion of HeLa F-315 cells, at least under the growth conditions used here, the mitochondrial complement is dividied into distinct organelles. This examination also revealed a considerable morphological heterogeneity of mitochondria, which exhibited an ovoid or short rod-like or, less frequently, long filamentous shape, with some evidence of branching. The variability in mitochondrial morphology appeared to be far more prounced between different cells than within individual cells; this cellular heterogeneity was not related in any obvious way to cell-cycle-dependent changes. PMID- 53238 TI - Further data on a histochemical reaction as applied to the thin-layer chromatography of sterols. AB - A method for the characterization of sterols on silica gel G layers is proposed. After the chromatograms have been sprayed with a permanganate-sulphuric acid oxidative reagent and the reaction has been terminated with sodium hydrogen sulphite, the plates are sprayed with the colour-developing reagent (an acid solution of alcian blue or toluidine blue). The plates are also viewed under UV radiation (254 and 366 nm). Only 3 of the 28 sterol samples assayed (spot content 8 mug) did not show positive reactions after oxidation, which suggests that this step can be used as a "universal" detection method for sterols. After staining the plate, several sterols are shown to be easily differentiated from one another. The exposure of the plates to UV radiation assists characterization. In general, the reaction exhibits satisfactory sensitivity for the qualitative and differentiating detection of sterols; it is also rapid and easy to carry out. PMID- 53239 TI - The two-dimensional characterization of amino acids in actinomycin hydrolysates. AB - Actinomycins, which belong to a family of chromopeptide antibiotics, consist of a hetero-tricyclic chromophore to which are attached two pentapeptide chains either identical or different in amino acid sequence. The classification of existing actinomycins and the identification of new actinomycins are dependent on the characterization and quantitation of the amino acids present in the peptide chains. A simple, fast and highly reliable two-dimensional separation technique employing electrophoresis in a formic acid/acetic acid buffer (pH 1.9) on thin layers of microcrystalline cellulose followed by thin-layer chromatography with an n-butanol:water:glacial acetic acid (50:40:10) solvent system in a direction perpendicular to the electrophoresis was developed to separate the amino acids contained in hydrolysates of the actinomycins. The separated amino acids were identified by two parameters, the chromatographic Rf value and the electrophoretic mobility calculated relative to some standard migrating compound. PMID- 53240 TI - Characterizaiton of two populations of human lymphocytes bearing easily detectable surface immunoglobulin. AB - Two separate lymphocyte populations, each bearing easily detectable surface immunoglobulin, have been detected in human peripheral blood. The first, B cells, has surface determinants that are stable at 37degreeC, but are removed by pronase and regenerate in culture. The cells are nylon adherent and have a receptor for C3, and studies with unit gravity sedimentation indicate they are mostly small lymphocytes. B cells comprise 9.5% of the total lymphocytes, with the normal range from 3-16%. As many or more lymphocytes lack membrane-incorporated Ig determinants but have an Fc receptor that binds IgG1 and IgG3 in normal serum maximally at 4degreeC. This receptor for cytophilic IgG is removed by pronase but not by trypsin. The second population has been named L lymphocytes because of membrane-labile IgG determinants. L cells do not adhere to nylon, do not form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes sensitized with antibody and mouse complement, and are larger than small lymphocytes. These lymphocytes with cold-reactive Fc receptors for serum IgG do not form E-rosettes or respond to phytohemaggutinin. Since L cells do not have surface markers of T and B lymphocytes, it is likely that they comprise a separate population. PMID- 53241 TI - Immune responses to the cleavage-associated neoantigens of fibrinogen in man. Identification and characterization of humoral antibodies specific for cleavage fragments. AB - Cleavage of human fibrinogen and fibrin by plasmin is associated with modification of native antigenic expression and the exposure of cleavage associated neoantigenic sites on the derivative molecular fragments. In this study, the presence of humoral antibodies in man to cleavage-associated neoantigens has been demonstrated by primary antigen binding radioimmunochemical assays. Specific binding of radioiodinated human fibrinogen D fragment by serum immunoglobulins was demonstrated in 52 of 59 random normal human sera and was independent of immunoglobulin concentration. Binding was mediated by F (ab)2 fragments of IgG, and specificity for neoantigens was indicated by the capacity of the D fragment but not native fibrinogen to competitively inhibit the antibody. The population distribution of antibody to these cleavage-associated neoantigens indicated the presence of a major group of individuals (77%) with a mean antigen binding capacity of 11.8 pmol/ml serum. Two minor populations with : (a) low or undetectable binding capacities (less than 6.0 pmol/ml serum) and (b) exhibiting markedly elevated binding capacities (less 18.0 pmol/ml serum) were delineated. Independent of these features, sera could also be readily separated into two groups that differed with respect to relative antibody affinity. The antibodies in most sera exhibited marked heterogeneity of binding affinity, whereas a small group of sera contained antibodies exhibiting relative homogeneity of binding affinity. Specific antibody was rather equally distributed between the major immunoglobulin classes, and in no serum was the antibody restricted to a single immunoglobulin class. Antibodies capable of binding fibrinogen fragments X, Y, and D and fibrin D fragment were detected in most sera. The quantity of antibody differed for different fragments with X greater than Y congruent to D greater than fibrin D. The presence of antibody capable of binding any single fragment was statistically correlated with the presence of antibody capable of binding other cleavage fragments. No antibody to the E fragment was detected. Antibody to cleavage fragments was not demonstrable in sera containing fibrinogen or fibrin cleavage fragments. Demonstration of this humoral immune response to the products of the fibrinolytic systems provides a new interface between the coagulation and immune system. PMID- 53242 TI - Human antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Isolation and identification of a subpopulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes which kill antibody-coated autologous target cells. AB - Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), has been shown to be independent in vitro of thymus-derived lymphocytes, but the precise nature of the effector lymphocyte has not been fully clarified. To further study the identity of the ADCC effector cell type(s), peripheral blood leukocytes were purified by Ficoll Hypaque density centrifugation and fractionated into surface immunoglobulin positive [Ig(+)] and surface immunoglobulin-negative [Ig(-)] populations by chromatographic separation on Sephadex G-200 anti-human immunoglobulin columns. After column fractionations, the ADCC effector activity against antibody-coated autologous lymphocytes was predominantly and consistently found in the Ig(-) fraction. This latter population was then further fractionated, by rosetting techniques, into two subpopulations, The first was depleted by lymphocytes with surface receptors for sheep red blood cells [E(+)]and the second was depleted of lymphocytes with receptors for sheep red blood cell-antibody-complement [EAC (+)]. Analysis of these populations showed that ADCC effector activity was predominantly a property of the Ig(-) lmyphocytes which are E(-) but EAC(+). These lymphocytes have been referred to as "null lymphocytes" and probably represent a subset of bone marrow-derived (B) cells. In addition, variable and low levels of ADCC activity were observed in some Ig(+) populations (B cells). Further purification of the null cell population by filtration over nylon wool columns to reduce the number of contaminating latex ingesting monocytes did not reduce ADCC effector activity. Isolated null cell ADCC effector activity was inhibited by either rabbit anti-human F(ab)2 or normal pooled rabbit gamma globulin, but not by rabbit F(ab)2 anti-human F)ab)2 or media. This supports the contention previously suggested in studies using unfractionated lymphocyte populations that the ADCC effector cell recognizes the Fc portion of the antibody molecule. The variable and low level of activity noted in the Ig(+) populations is unexplained but possibly due to a variable population of null cell-derived Ig(+) lymphocytes within the whole Ig(+) population. In conclusion, these experiments demonstrate that, in vitro, the major ADCC effector activity of circulating human peripheral blood lymphocytes resides in the Ig(-), E(-), EAC (+) subpopulation termed "null cells." Since it has been noted that in certain disease states, such as immunodeficiency syndromes, autoimmune disorders, and neoplasms, the percentage of this population of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood is elevated, it is speculated that these cells, perhaps through their ADCC function, may play an important pathophysiologic role in these diseases. PMID- 53243 TI - Mustard meal in dairy rations. AB - Consumption of 0% mustard meal and 15% soybean meal, 7.5% mustard meal and 7.5% soybean meal, or 15% mustard meal and 0% soybean meal rations did not differ in palatability studies with 10 group-fed lactating cows when the mustard meal was treated with 3% caustic soda. Order of preference was for 0, 7.5, and 15% mustard meal rations when mustard meal was untreated. Twelve lactating cows were in each of two lactation trials to compare the three rations of untreated mustard meal. Milk, milk fat, and solids-not-fat, and milk protein did not differ for either trial. Protein-bound iodine of plasma for all cows were within the normal range. Three cows were placed on each of the three rations and received a minimum of 9 kg per day for 6 mo preparturition to determine goitrogenic effects. All cows gave birth to normal, vigorous calves. Limited organoleptic evaluations of milk indicated that untreated mustard meal may impart a detrimental flavor to milk, but a taste panel could not differentiate between milk from cows on the three rations of treated mustard meal. Twenty-one male and 43 female Holstein claves received either 0, 10, or 20% mustard meal starter rations from birth to 3 mo of age. Growth, feed consumption, or plasma protein-bound iodine did not differ. PMID- 53244 TI - Vehicle related air pollution in Sydney. PMID- 53245 TI - Friendship and disaffiliation among the skid row population. AB - Personal relationships of skid row men have been described in terms of disaffiliation and replacemtent of friends. Analysis of social relationships of Philadelphia skid row residents upheld the theory of replacement. There was, however, a decline in the number of friends reported after the age of 70, which generally coincided with 20 years residence in the area. The loss of relationships was more closely associated with length of residence in skid row than with age. Qualitative measures of personal relationships indicated no major association between sociability and length of residence in skid row but a small association with advancing age. The proportions of friendless men desiring either friends of casual acquaintances were not related to either age or length of residence. These findings fail to uphold the disaffiliation hypothesis of aging and run counter to Vesliard's postulate of loss of need for meaningful personal relationships with increased exposure to the life of an outcast. PMID- 53246 TI - Histochemical localization of glutathione in tissues. AB - A histochemical method has been developed for the localization of glutathione (GSH) in frozen sections from various tissues including liver, lung, kidney, testis and eye. The reliability and specificity of the method has been investigated by comparing the rates of reaction in tissue and gelatin sections and after depletion of GSH in liver by diethyl maleate. In principle, the method is based on the formation of an irreversible complex of mercury orange with the - SH group of GSH. A 5-min staining period was found to be optimal for staining the --SH group of GSH. In brief, frozen sections 8 mu thick are stained with a 50 muM solution of mercury orange dissolved in toluene, counterstained in 0.05 per cent methylene blue and mounted in Histoclad. Pretreatment of the sections with fixatives or drying them in air completely prevented the staining. In hepatic lobules the brick red granules of the GSH mercury orange complex were distributed uniformly, whereas in other tissues they were not uniform. The GSH staining was localized in the proximal convoluted tubules in the cortex of the kidney, the interalveolar epithelial cells of lungs, the epididymis and the capsule of testis, epithelial cells of vas deferens and the periphery of the lens. PMID- 53247 TI - Letters to the editor: Chelated bismuth as a stain in electron microscopy. PMID- 53248 TI - The influence of chromatin compactness on the stoichiometry of the Feulgen-Schiff procedure studied in model films. I. Theoretical kinetics and experiments with films containing isolated deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Theoretical considerations on the expected kinetics of the course of the Feulgen Schiff reaction show that the leveling off of the first part of the Feulgen hydrolysis curve can be explained by the gradual conversion of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to apurinic acid (APA). In addition, depolymerization of DNA caused by the acid used for hydrolysis can account for the decline after a maximum is reached in this curve. With the aid of polyacrylamide model films containing DNA, a detailed study was made both of the process of purine liberation which results in the formation of APA and of the depolymerization processes which cause losses of stainable material. The liberation of purine bases was analyzed by ultraviolet absorbance measurements and by gel chromatography of the neutralized hydrolysing acid. APA concentration was monitored by following the loss of ultraviolet absorbance associated with the purine losses. The depolymerization process was followed by phosphorus determinations. The experimental results were found to be in accordance with the kinetics expected from the theoretical model. PMID- 53249 TI - The influence of chromatin compactness on the stoichiometry of the Feulgen-Schiff procedure studied in model films. II. Investigations on films containing condensed or swollen chicken erythrocyte nuclei. AB - As models for different states of chromatin compactness, nuclei from chicken erythrocytes were isolated and either osmotically swollen or kept as condensed as possible. Both types of nuclei were then fixed and incorporated into polyacrylamide films. Hydrolysis with 5 N HCl and staining with Schiff's reagent of these model films were studied using several parameters. The phosphate content of the films was analyzed as a parameter for the depolymerization losses and the staining with Schiff's reagent as a parameter for the apurinic acid (APA) content. The loss of ultraviolet absorbance from the films and the accumulation of ultraviolet absorbing substances in the hydrolyzing acid were monitored as parameters for the progress of hydrolysis. Conversion of the generated aldehyde groups to APA-Schiff chromophore is shown to take place with the same stoichiometry for both types of nuclei as well as for DNA in model films. It is further shown that the nuclei- and DNA-films are suitable models for investigating the influence of chromatin compactness on the course of the Feulgen Schiff reaction. For the most compact form of chromatin studied, a very high reduction in staining intensity of up to 40% could be demonstrated after certain normally applied hydrolysis times. This is due primarily to a decrease with a factor of 2.3 of the depurination rate constants of these models (from 0.030/min to 0.013/min). Therefore prolonged hydrolysis periods are required to obtain the same APA concentrations, but then depolymerization processes cause losses of nuclear material. The differences in depurination rates could be explained by a decrease in [H3O]+ in the neighborhood of the purine-sugar linkages, caused by the presence of fixed positive charges form the protein components of the chromatin. These findings may explain the cytophotometrically determined differences in chromophore yield of 10-20% found in the nuclei of cells with different states of compactness of their chromatin. The descending part of the Feulgen hydrolysis curve represents the depolymerization of APA and loss by diffusion of the reaction products. In the Appendix, cytophotometric data of cells have been analyzed to show that this part of the hydrolysis curve may be used to estimate the acid stability of chromatin complexes. The depurination and depolymerization rates found closely correspond with the data obtained from the model films. PMID- 53250 TI - Atomic absorption spectrophotometry applied to photographic densitometry. AB - For this study of photographic densitometry, sections of cartilage stained with Alcian Blue, safranin O and high iron diamine were photographed at x40 with Nikon photomicrography equipment on Kodak Panatomic X film with appropriate filters to enhance contrast. Portions of the developed negative films were selected from intercellular matrix regions, and circles of film equivalent in diameter to a 30 mu circle of tissue were obtained with a hand-held paper punch. Silver was eluted from the circles of film with 35% nitric acid, and the quantity of silver deposited on the film was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry as a measure of stain intensity. The intensity determined by this analytic procedure compared favorably with results obtained previously from the same tissue with microspectrophotometry. This method of silver analysis has advantages over earlier studies which used silver elution to determine photographic densitometry in its technical ease, accuracy and sensitivity. Furthermore, this method compares well with microspectrophotometry in its results and has the advantages of relative inexpensiveness and availability of equipment. PMID- 53251 TI - Letters to the editor: Sodium bisulfite addition reaction and toluidine blue staining of deoxyribonucleic acid after Feulgen hydrolysis. PMID- 53252 TI - Application of 125I-labelled soluble proteins in the histoautoradiographic detection of antigen and antibodies in the spleen of rabbits during primary immune response. AB - An autoradiographic method for detecting soluble antigen (chicken serum albumin, CSA) and specific antibodies in the spleen of rabbits during a primary immune response is described. The method consists of incubating sections from the spleen with 125I-labelled IgG2 anti CSA (for demonstration of antigen) or with 125I labelled antigen (for demonstration of specific antibodies). This treatment of histological sections combines the advantages and principles of the immunofluorescence technique with the possibility of evaluating the exact localization of the proteins by light microscopy in preparations stained with haematoxylin or methyl green-pyronin. The sensitivity of detection is very high: both antigen and antibodies could be demonstrated in the spleen follicles for as long as 42 days after the primary intravenous injection. PMID- 53253 TI - Role of vasectomy in the prevention of post-prostatectomy epididymitis. PMID- 53254 TI - Treatment of women presenting with incurable breast cancer. PMID- 53255 TI - Pregnancy-related alpha-fetoprotein testing. Guidelines in usage and interpretation. PMID- 53256 TI - Effect of progesterone on collagen breakdown and tissue collagenolytic activity in the involuting rat uterus. AB - Progestational agents were studied for their effects on collagenolytic activity and loss of collagen and wet weight from the involuting post-partum rat uterus. Administration of very large doses of progesterone (80-150 mg/day) significantly retarded uterine involution and loss of collagen. This was accompanied by a significant reduction in uterine collagenolytic activity. By 72 h post partum, uteri of rats treated with 150 mg progesterone/day had wet weights 30% above, collagen 85% above, and collagenolytic activity 45% below, those of the control uteri. Similar effects were produced by 17alpha-acetoxy-6alpha-methylprogesterone at the same dosage levels. However, the progestational agent 6-chloro-17alpha acetoxypregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione acetate had no effect in this system. PMID- 53257 TI - Induction of antiphosphorylcholine antibody formation by anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - Anti-idiotypic antibodies have been used to mimic antigen in the mouse antiphosphorylcholine response in order to investigate the induction of precursors of antibody-forming cells. We have shown that interaction of anti idiotype antibody with receptor antibody molecules induces the formation of antibodies that are specific for phosphorylcholine and carry the idiotypic determinants. This induction is dependent on the recognition of carrier determinants on the anti-idiotype antibody by helper T cells. We conclude that receptor antibody molecules on the surface of the precursors of antibody-forming cells deliver the antigenic signal for the induction of these cells. PMID- 53258 TI - The pinocytic rate of activated macrophages. AB - Peritoneal macrophages from mice injected 4 days previously with Brewer's thioglycollate medium have a pinocytic rate, in culture, of 190 ng horseradish peroxidase (HRP)/100 mug cell protein/h, compared to the rate of resident peritoneal cells of 53 ng HRP/100 mug cell protein/h. Mice injected with endotoxin or with only certain of the components of the Brewer's medium show an intermediate level of stimulation. The rate of unstimulated, endotoxin stimulated, or thioglycollate-stimulated cells shows little change over several days in culture. The pinocytic rate of thioglycollate-stimulated cells can, however, be further increased by exposure of concanavalin A. Although cells may show transient increases in their pinocytic rate in many situations, a sustained increase in pinocytic rate is a sign of the "activated" state of macrophages. PMID- 53259 TI - Shared idiotypic determinants on B and T lymphocytes reactive against the same antigenic determinants. II. Determination of frequency and characteristics of idiotypic T and B lymphocytes in normal rats using direct visualization. AB - Anti-idiotypic antibodies made against the antigen-binding receptors of T lymphocytes for a given antigen (Ag-B locus antigens in rats) can be shown to react with IgG antibodies of the same antigen-binding reactivity. Using such anti idiotypic antibodies, normal Lewis T lymphocytes of B and T type can be visualized by the use of anti-(Lewis-anti-DA) antibodies. Visualization was made possible by the use of direct fluorescent antibody tests or by autoradiography. Using the first technique and naked eye observations 6.2% of normal Lewis T lymphocytes expressed idiotypic markers signifying anti-DA reactivity, whereas anti-DA-reactive B lymphocytes as measured by this approach was in the order of 1.1%. Autoradiography was purified normal Lewis T lymphocytes gave similar figures. When comparing the intensity of fluorescence at the single cell level using quantitative cytofluorometry anti-idiotypic antibodies reactive with T lymphocytes gave a similar degree of intensity as was obtained using anti-Ig antibodies against B lymphocytes. PMID- 53260 TI - Shared idiotypic determinants on B and T lymphocytes reactive against the same antigenic determinants. III. Physical fractionation of specific immunocompetent T lymphocytes by affinity chromatography using anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - Anti-idiotypic antibodies made against antigen-binding receptors on T lymphocytes with specificity for certain Ag-B locus antigens selectively react with T lymphocytes with potential immune reactivity against the very same Ag-B antigens. This was shown by affinity chromatography of normal Lewis T lymphocytes on anti Ig columns after contact with the relevant anti-idiotypic antiserum. Here, it could be shown that incubation of the cells with an anti-(Lewis-anti-BN) antiserum caused subsequent selective retention of potential graft-vs.-host (GvH) reactive cells against BN on the anti-Ig column, whereas Lewis T cells with reactivity against DA or August (Au) (carrying distinct Ag-B antigens in comparison to BN) passed through. The retained cells could be eluted and shown to display highly increased reactivity against BN with virtually no reactivity left against DA or Au antigens. Analogous results were obtained using an anti-(Lewis anti-DA) antiserum. The anti-idiotypic antibodies can be used in fluorescent antibody tests to directly visualize the idiotype-positive cells. Using the separation design described above we analyzed selectively enriched or deleted T lymphocytes for presence of idiotypic cells as well as specific GvH reactivity. A highly significant positive correlation was found between percentage of a given idiotype in a population of T cells and the relevant GvH potential of the same T cells that can be visualized are indeed the very same T cells that express immune reactivity against the expected antigens. The present data would thus directly demonstrate the existence of a largely nonoverlapping population of immunocompetent T cells capable of reacting against the various Ag-B locus antigens in the rat. Highly purified, functionally intact immunocompetent T lymphocytes with restricted immune reactivity can thus be produced from normal lymphocyte populations for further analysis. PMID- 53261 TI - Enhancement of human interferon production by neutral red and chloroquine: analysis of inhibition of protein degradation and macromolecular synthesis. AB - Two lysosomotrophic drugs, neutral red and chloroquine, enhance polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-induced interferon production by a strain of diploid human fibroblasts (FS-4). Treatment of cells with neutral red or chloroquine between 2.5 and 3.5 h after induction increases interferon yields 16- to 64- and 4- to 16-fold, respectively, in the subsequent 20.5 h. The two drugs inhibit the rates of protein degradation and of RNA and protein synthesis. In addition, neutral red is a very potent inhibitor of uridine transport into cells. Normalized dose-effect curves show that interferon superinduction is correlated with the inhibition of macromolecular synthesis, but not with that of protein degradation. Treatment of cells with chloroquine at low concentration (25 mug/ml) for a prolonged period of time (24 h) caused approximately 40% reduction in the rate of protein degradation. The usual rapid shutoff of interferon production and the effectiveness of effectiveness of actinomycin D superinduction are not altered by this treatment. This strongly suggests that inhibition of intralysosomal protein degradation does not significantly contribute to interferon superinduction. Degradation of the rapidly and the slowly turning over proteins was unaffected by actinomycin D under conditions of treatment known to enhance interferon production. Treatment with cycloheximide (5 or 50 mug/ml for 5 h) inhibited the rate of degradation of the rapidly turning over component by 10% and the slow component by 30-40%, which suggests that the two components turn over by distinct cellular mechanisms. PMID- 53262 TI - Recognitive specificity of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. I. Antigen-specific inhibition of human cell-mediated lympholysis. AB - The specificity of antigen recognition by in vitro sensitized human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) has been studied using a sensitive cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assay. Frequently, high levels of cytotoxicity are observed on third-party targets unrelated to sensitizing or responding cells; however, no cytotoxicity differing significantly from zero has been observed on targets autologous to the responding CTLs. This "cross-killing" of third-party target cells has been observed when stimulating and third-party cells bear no cross-reacting serologically defined (SD) antigens, thought to be the target antigens recognized by CTLs. CML-blocking studies, using unlabeled normal human lymphocytes to inhibit 51Cr release from radiolabeled target cells, have shown that cross killing, even in the absence of shared SD determinants, results from CTLs recognizing antigens shared by the third-party targets and the initial stimulating population. Furthermore, these antigens have been mapped to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The ability of human CTLs to specifically recognize MHC-controlled antigens not detected serologically suggests that SD antigens may be recognized differently by alloantisera and CTLs, or that MHC antigens other than SD may be the targets of CTLs in CML. PMID- 53263 TI - The major histocompatibility complex determines susceptibility to cytotoxic T cells directed against minor histocompatibility antigens. AB - Cytotoxic cells were generated by immunizing one strain of mouse with cells from an allogeneic strain which carries the same H-2 region. The effector cells assayed in a 4 h 51Cr release assay were shown to be T cells and indistinguishable, except in specificity, from cytotoxic T cells directed at H-2 alloantigens. Although the genetic differences between responder and stimulator cells responsible for the immunization did not code in H-2, the H-2 complex did restrict susceptibility of target cells. For example, BALB.B cytotoxic cells (H 2b) immunized against and capable of lysing C57BL/6 cells (H-2b) would not lyse B6.C/H-2d target cells. C57BL/6 and B6.C/H-2d are congenic and differ in the H-2 region. Two hypotheses are considered to explain the H-2 restriction of susceptibility to cytotoxic T cells generated by an H-2 identical alloimmunization. (a) The dual (self) recognition hypothesis states that the cytotoxic cell has two recognition units, one for H-2-coded structures and another clonally restricted receptor for the minor alloantigen. (b) The interaction antigen hypothesis states that all the surface alloantigenic determinants recognized by cytotoxic T cells are the result of interaction between H-2- and non-H-2-coded gene products. Two lines of evidence, one with F1 effector cells and the other a cold target competition experiment, are presented which argue strongly in favor of the interaction antigen hypothesis. The regions of H-2 required to be histocompatible were mapped to the D region and to the left of IC, probably the K region. These results, and recent work on the response to virus-infected and TNP-modified syngeneic cells, suggest that cytotoxic cells are restricted in specificity to preferentially recognizing alterations in structures that are coded in the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 53264 TI - Regulatory mechanisms in cell-mediated immune responses. II. A genetically restricted suppressor of mixed lymphocyte reactions released by alloantigen activated spleen cells. AB - The mechanism of alloantigen-activated spleen cell suppression of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) is explored in this report. Activated murine suppressor spleen cells elaborated a soluble noncytotoxic factor which suppressed MLR responses by 55-95%. Generation of suppressor factor required both in vivo alloantigen sensitization and specific in vitro restimulation. Suppressor factor was not produced by activated spleen cells which had been treated with anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement. Antigenic specificity toward alloantigens of the stimulator cells was not demonstrable. In contrast, suppressor factor effectively inhibited MLR response only of responder cells of those strains that shared the D end and the I-C subregion of the H-2 complex with the cells producing suppressor factor. Therefore, active suppression appears to require an MHC-directed homology relationship between regulating and responder cells in MLR. PMID- 53265 TI - Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against I-region-coded determinants: in vitro evidence for a third histocompatibility locus in the mouse. AB - Determinants controlled by the I region of the murine H-2 complex provoked the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in both a secondary and primary mixed lymphocyte culture. The stimulating determinants appeared to be controlled by loci within the I-A subregion. The target antigens of the CTL generated were present on both lipopolysaccharide- and concanavalin-induced blast lymphocytes, but were barely detectable on phytohemagglutinin-induced blast cells. The stimulating capacity for CTL induction of a complete H-2 complex incompatibility by far exceeded the sum of H-2D/K-region and I-region incompatibility, respectively. PMID- 53266 TI - Cell-mediated lympholysis of N-(3-nitro-4-hydroxy-5-iodophenylacetyl)-beta anaylglycylglycyl-modified autologous lymphocytes. Effector cell specificity to modified cell surface components controlled by the H-2K and H-2D serological regions of the murine major histocompatibility complex. AB - Splenic lymphocytes from four C57BL/10 congenic mouse strains were sensitized in vitro to N(-3-nitro-4-hydroxy-5-iodophenylacetyl)-beta-alanylglycylglycyl-(N) modified autologous lymphocytes. The effector cells generated after 5 days of culture were assayed on a series of either N-modified phytohemagglutinin stimulated spleen cells or N-modified tumor cells. The results indicated in all cases that both N modification of the targets and H-2 homology between the modified stimulating and target cells are required for lysis to occur. In each case the effector cells were found to lyse N-modified target cells only when there was homology at either or both ends of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) between the stimulator and target cells. B10.BR lysed targets sharing alleles at K (or K plus I-A) and/or at D. B10.A effector cell specificity was mapped to K (or K plus I-A) and/or the D half of the MHC (D or D plus I-C and/or S). The two regions of specificity determined for B10.D2 effector cells were D (or D plus S plus I-C) and a region not including D of the MHC. C57BL/10 effector cells lysed N-modified targets only if there was target cell H-2 homology at K, I A, and I-B or at the D serological region. As in the trinitrophenyl (TNP) system (6) B10.BR and B10.A effector cells lysed targets sharing K end H-2 serological regions greater than target cells sharing D-end serological regions. The C57BL/10 effector cells were shown to react to the K end greater than the D end, which differed from the equal reactivity seen in the TNP system for this strain. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the antigen recognized by the effector cell includes an altered H-2 serological cell surface product. That the reaction is not "hapten specific" and the H-2 homology is required only for effector:target cell interaction was excluded by the use of two F1 combinations in which lysis of only N-modified target cells sharing the H-2 haplotype with the stimulating parental strain was obtained. Finally, it was demonstrated that N and TNP modification create distinct new antigenic determinants, since an effector cell sensitized to one modifying agent will lyse only H-2 matched target modified with that same modifying agent. PMID- 53267 TI - Expression of individual Ia specificities on T and B cells. I. Studies with mitogen-induced blast cells. AB - Ia specificities 1-10 were detected on LPS-stimulated splenic lymphocytes and on Con A-stimulated spleen, lymph node, and thymus blasts by direct cytotoxic tests. Since Ia antigens are not readily detectable on resting thymocytes, our results suggest that T cells require some signal before they exhibit full expression of Ia specificities. Absorption-elution studies indicated that most of the Ia specificities detected on T and B cells may be identical. Ia antigens detected by homologous antisera gave much stronger reactions than those detected by cross reacting antisera. PMID- 53268 TI - Hereditary asplenic-athymic mice: transplantation of human myelogenous leukemic cells. AB - A new animal model characterized by hereditary athymia and asplenia was used as a recipient of chronic myelogenous leukemic (CML) cells with the Philadelphia (Ph1+) chromosome. Transplanted CML cells form solid vascularized tumors containing cells similar to those seen in the patient in a long-term culture. Cells taken from the tumors were nearly triploid, retained all human chromosome markers, and had the same antigenic determinants(s) as cells in culture. PMID- 53269 TI - Relationships between membrane antigens of human leukemic cells and oncogenic RNA virus structural components. AB - Leukemic cells from all human chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) and some acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) donors are lysed by rabbit antisera to a purified glycoprotein of Friend murine leukemia virus (FLV gp71) in a microcytotoxicity assay. These antisera are not cytotoxic to cells from patients with acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), or to peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors. A goat antiserum to gradient purified FLV in addition to reacting with cells from CGL and AMML donors also reacted with cells from AML patients and some ALL donors. However, this antiserum failed to react with cells from CLL patients. Peripheral blood and bone marrow leukocytes prepared from leukemic patients in clinical remission failed to react with antisera to FLV and FLV gp71. Absorption experiments demonstrated that the antigen on CGL cells which is reacting with the antiserum to FLV gp71 is also present on normal human platelets and neutrophils. Similar absorption studies showed that the antigen on AML cells detected by the FLV antiserum is not present on normal leukocytes and platelets and appears to be related to the major internal p30 antigens of mammalian RNA tumor viruses. Another antigenic relationship between oncornaviruses and membrane antigens of human leukemia cells was shown by the ability of FLV antigens to absorb the cytotoxic reactivity of nonhuman primate antisera detecting human leukemia associated antigens. FLV and FLV gp71 antigens were able to absorb all cytotoxic activity of monkey and chimpanzee antisera to human myeloid leukemia antigens when these antisera were tested with CGL cells. These two approaches to an analysis of cross-reactivity indicate that the antigenic determinant(s) detected by the cytotoxic reactions of the FLV gp71 antiserum with human CGL cells is different from the determinant on FLV gp71 which is responsible for the inhibition of the reactivity of simian antisera with CGL cells. Since the goat and rabbit antisera to FLV and FLV gp71 are able to distinguish AML from CGL cells by direct cytotoxicity testing and absorption, they may be valuable reagents for the serological diagnosis of myeloid leukemia. In addition, since peripheral blood cells from AML and CGL patients in clinical remission were seronegative, the antisera may be valuable as management aids. The data in this report indicates that whatever the mechanism of leukemogenesis is in man, cells from CGL and AML patients possess certain membrane antigens which cross-react with FLV structural components such as p30 and gp71. PMID- 53270 TI - Phytoenzyme systems as models for an understanding of general metabolic pathways. AB - A comparison is made between certain aspects of lipid metabolism in plant and animal tissues. While the general biochemical reactions are identical, a number of important variations are described and related to the general metabolic activities of the tissues. PMID- 53271 TI - Mitochondrial structure studied by high voltage electron microscopy of thick sections of Candida utilis. AB - Mitochondrial structure in yeast cells under various physiological conditions has been studied by high voltage electron microscopy of sections that are 0-5 to 2-0 mum thick. Such thick sections of the yeast Candida utilis had a small number of long, branched tubular mitochondria per cell. The mitochondria extended into cell buds and unseparated daughter cells. It was apparent from parallel studies with thin sections that most of the rounded mitochondrial profiles viewed in thin sections should not be interpreted as being numerous small individual mitochondria. Attempts to study thick sections of the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizossaccharomyces pombe were frustrated by poor contrast. PMID- 53272 TI - The intrinsic fluorescence characteristics of the myelin basic protein. PMID- 53273 TI - Axoplasmic transport of choline acetyltransferase activity in mice: effect of age and neurotomy. PMID- 53274 TI - Axonal transport of labelled proteins in sensory fibres of rabbit vagus nerve in vitro. PMID- 53275 TI - A comparison of the encephalitogenic activities of human myelin basic protein and the synthetic peptide determinant comprising residues 114-122. PMID- 53276 TI - Congenital trigeminal neuropathy in oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia-hemifacial microsomia (Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome). AB - A 2 1/2 year old child with clinical features of Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome showed diminished pinprick sensation over the right half of the face. After surgery for the cleft lip, the child died. Neuropathological investigations showed agenesis of the right trigeminal nerve and hypoplasia of the right trigeminal brain-stem nuclei. Nosological aspects of the Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome and previously reported cases of congenital trigeminal anaesthesia in this disorder are discussed. It is suggested that the hypoplasia of the trigeminal nerve is responsible for the diminished facial sensation seen in some patients with this craniofacial syndrome. PMID- 53277 TI - Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in transected axons. II. Relations between rate of transfer from the site of injury to the perikaryon and onset of chromatolysis. AB - The sciatic nerves of 2--3 month-old mice, rats and rabbits were crushed and at the same time horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied around the crushed region at mid-thigh level. At varying time intervals thereafter, HRP was seen in neurons of the corresponding spinal ganglia and levels of the spinal cord. The rate of ascent of HRP appeared to be similar in the different animals and to be independent of the length of the nerve. The accumulation of HRP was more conspicuous in small than large neurons in the ganglia at early stages after the nerve crush. The arrival of HRP in the perikarya preceded the onset of early morphological changes in the neurons (chromatolysis). The rate of ascent of the signal for chromatolysis appeared to be within the same range as that of the retrograde transport of HRP in the crushed axons. The possibility therefore exists that these two phenomena are in some way interrelated. PMID- 53278 TI - Tumor imaging after administration of 99mTc-labeled bleomycin. AB - Bleomycin, an anticancer drug, was labeled with 99mTc using stannous chloride and ascorbic acid and specific activities of 1-3 mCi/mg-eq with labeling efficiencies of 50-75% were achieved. Very rapid excretion of 99mTc-bleomycin through the kidney and concomitant rapid decrease of radioactivity in blood, various tissues and organs, and whole body were observed after intravenous administration of the radiopharmaceutical into tumor-bearing mice. In such animals, approximately 1% of the label was found in a transplanted fibrosarcoma within 30 min while 0.58% was recovered in such lesions even after 24 hr. In patients positive tumor images were obtained by scintigraphy as early as 1 hr after intravenous administration of 3-5 mCi of 99mTc-bleomycin. A total of 142 cases were examined by scintigraphy after administration of 99mIc-bleomycin and/or 67Ga-citrate. In 93 cases with various malignant tumors, tumor was detected in 80% using 99mTc-bleomycin and in 63% using 67Ga-citrate. Technetium-99m-bleomycin scintigraphy successfully detected tumors of the thyroid, lung, face, breast, extremity, and digestive tract and was also useful in finding metastatic lesions and brain tumors. However, 67Ga scintigraphy gave superior results in detecting lesions in patients with malignant lymphomas. In patients with inflammatory diseases, accumulation in lesions was detected in 13% using 99mTc-bleomycin and in 48% using 67Ga-citrate. The further use of 99mTc-bleomycin scintigraphy for tumor detection in patients appears to be warranted. PMID- 53279 TI - Technetium-99m labeling by means of stannous pyrophosphate: application to bleomycin and red blood cells. AB - A new technique of technetium labeling using stannous pyrophosphate instead of stannous chloride as reducing agent for pertechnetate has been applied to red blood cells and bleomycin. Results are so encouraging that this technique could be extended to other compounds capable of forming stable complexes with reduced technetium. No saline washes of red cells are necessary before or after the addition of pertechnetate. No purification step is performed after labeling of bleomycin. PMID- 53280 TI - Prefatal cardiac arrhythmias. AB - Monitoring of the patient's heart rate and rhythm is becoming standard procedure for oral surgeons. Abnormal rhythms can develop suddenly in patients who have no history either of a diseased heart or of other systemic disease. Recognition of different types of abnormalities of the heart and a knowledge of how to handle them may prevent the occurrence of fatal arrhythmias. PMID- 53281 TI - A correlation between the effects of anti-mitotic drugs on microtubule assembly in vitro and the inhibition of axonal transport in noradrenergic neurones. AB - 1. Podophyllotoxin, colchicine and griseofulvin inhibit the intra-axonal movement of noradrenaline storage vesicles in cat hypogastric nerve/inferior mesenteric ganglion preparations maintained in vitro, cause the disappearance of axonal microtubules and inhibit the assembly of microtubules from tubulin in vitro. The order of potency of the three effects is podophyllotoxin greater than colchicine greater than griseofulvin. 2. Lumicolchicine is without effect on the three parameters and does not interfere with the binding of tritiated colchicine to tubulin. 3. Podophyllotoxin causes a more rapid loss of microtubules from axons than the same concentration of colchicine. 4. The experiments provide strong evidence that microtubules are components of the system responsible for the intra axonal migration of noradrenaline storage vesicles. PMID- 53282 TI - A comparison of microbial plaque disclosants after personal oral hygiene instruction and prophylaxis. PMID- 53283 TI - An effect of Tamoxifen (I.C.I. 46,474) on the surface coat of the late preimplantation mouse blastocyst. AB - The oral adminitration of Tamoxifen on Days 2,3 and 4 after mating, or on Day 2 only, was found to prevent the oestrogen-dependent surface-coat change of the late preimplantation blastocyst in the mouse. It is suggested that his is an antioestrogenic manifestation and that ist is, at least in part, responsible for the drug's known antifertility effect. PMID- 53284 TI - Repeatability of the duration of oestrus and breed differences in the relationship between druation of oestrus and ovulation rate of sheep. AB - The duration of oestrus and the time interval from removal of progestagen impregnated pessaries to the onset and end of oestrus were examined in Texel, Finnish Landrace, Galway and Fingalway (Finnish Landrace X Galway) ewes. The differences among the breeds in the relationship between these variables and ovulation rate at the controlled oestrus were also investigated. Breed differences were significant for all traits except the interval from pessary withdrawal to the onset of oestrus. The relationship between ovulation rate and both the interval from pessary withdrawal to the onset of oestrus and the duration of oestrus differed significantly among the breeds. The repeatability of the duration of oestrus was significant for Texel and Rambouillet ewes (mean = 0.5) and for pooled data from ewe lambs of various breeds. It was concluded that, in view of the breed differences in the relationship between ovulation rate and duration of oestrus and other traits, generalizations should not be made from among-breed to within-breed relationships. The high repeatability for the duration of oestrus may mean substantial heritabilities for the physiological determinants of oestrus duration. PMID- 53285 TI - The estimation of the proportion of motile bull spermatozoa in various diluents and a comparison with the proportion eosinophilic. AB - The proportion of motile spermatozoa in bull semen diluted with phosphate buffered saline, citrate or milk has been estimated both photographically and with an image-analysing computer. The two methods produced similar estimates. The proportion of noneosihophilic spermatozoa was higher than the proportion of immotile spermatozoa, particularly when fluoride or formaldehyde was added to the diluents. The proportion of non-eosinophilic spermatozoa in diluents containing formaldehyde was the same as in the original semen. PMID- 53286 TI - Preservation of differential staining of spermatozoa by formol citrate. AB - Semen from boar, bull, ram, rabbit, reindeer and stallion was diluted in formol citrate or formol saline and stained with eosinnigrosin. The proportion of eosinophilic spermatozoa did not differ from that in fresh semen after storage for 48 hr in the formol diluent at temperatures ranging from 4 degrees C to 40 degrees C. Some samples were kept for periods up to 3 weeks with very little increase in the proportion of eosinophilic spermatozoa. PMID- 53287 TI - Antigens in pigeon breeder's disease: isolation of a homogeneous antigen from pigeon dropping extract and its relationship to pigeon serum antigens. PMID- 53288 TI - Notes on parasitism of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae in streams treated with abate. PMID- 53289 TI - Field ion microscopy of biomolecules. AB - A new type of image, existing only at field strengths below the denaturation field strengths of molecules, has been discorvered. This type of image has structure, is not symmetrical and thus differs from previously reported low field strength images. The possibility that macromolecules adsorbed on tip surfaces produce such structured images has been exhaustively investigated. The result is that no observation has been found which disproves this hypothesis and many tests conducted in such attempts yielded correlations consistent with this hypothesis. It is therefore concluded that it is highly probable that biomolecules produce structured images and that it is highly improbable that these correlations represent a chance event. On the other hand, these correlations may be due to some cause unknown to the authors; but we consider this possibility to be unlikely. Some micrographs have been obtained which provide a reasonable basis for the hope that tertiary structure information may be defrived from low field strength imaging of partially embedded biomolecules or of biomolecules that are resistant to field denaturation during imaging. Information may presently be obtained from analysis of low field strength ion micrographs about the size and shape of some biomolecules. PMID- 53290 TI - The 'through focus plate' : a simple method for obtaining images through focus on a single photographic plate in the electron microscope using a tilting stage. AB - Tilting the specimen in an electron -icroscope by a relatively small angle can provide a continuous through focal series on a single plate, as the displacement of the object at the edge of the field can be adjusted to be of the same order of magnitude as the alteration of focal point by the fine lens controls. This simple rapid manoeuvre could have applicaitons in the microscopy of uniform preparations, particularly if the specimen is subject to beam damage, and in assessing microscope performance rapidly. PMID- 53291 TI - A transmission electron microscope study of the effects of ion etching on cells. AB - The effects of ion etching on blood cells have previously been studied by scanning electron microscopy. This present study by transmission electron microscopy was undertaken to evaluate the effects of the etching process on the cells. Critical point dried preparations were made, etched and subsequently processed and embedded in Araldite. Examination of thin sections of erythrocytes revealed disintegration of the plasma membrane; the residual membrane destruction products formed the tips of cones produced by long etching times. The effect of etching varied in erythrocytes in the same preparation. Nucleated cells showed a similar disintegration of the plasma membrane, but membranes of mitochondria, granules, vesicles and vacuoles did not exhibit effects of etching comparable to those of the plasma membranes. After treatment with a number of different fixatives, erythrocytes on carbon-coated copper grids were also etched and examined directly in a high voltage electron microscope at 1 MV. The effects were comparable to those seen in thin sections. To study the etch rates of biological materials, the resonant frequencies of quartz crystals were measured after application of thin films of albumen and cholesterol and again after these had been etched. the ratio of the frequency changes indicated that the etch rate of albumen was approximately 2-5 times that of cholesterol. The results are discussed in the light of theories of the mechanisms involved in ion etching. PMID- 53292 TI - Immunological comparison of azurins of known amino acid sequence. Dependence of cross-reactivity upon sequence resemblance. AB - To examine further the dependence of immunological cross-reactivity on sequence resemblance among proteins, we carried out micro-complement fixation studies with rabbit antisera to bacterial azurins of known amino acid sequence. There is a strong correlation (r = 0.9) between number of amino acid substitutions and degree of antigenic difference (immunological distance) among these azurins. The antigenic effects of amino acid substitutions are thus approximately equal and approximately additive. Similar observations and inferences were made before with a series of bird lysozymes. Indeed, the same approximate relationship between immunological distance (y) and percent difference in amino acid sequence (x) holds for both azurins and lysozymes, namely y congruent to 5x. An explanation is given for the dependence of immunological cross-reactivity on sequence resemblance among proteins. This entails reviewing evidence regarding the nature and number of antigenic sites on globular protein antigens as well as evidence for the existence of evolutionary biases against substitutions that are internal or cause large conformational changes. The explanation we give may apply only to those naturally occurring, globular, monomeric, isofunctional proteins whose sequences differ substantially from that of any rabbit protein. PMID- 53293 TI - Role of carbohydrate in determining the immunochemical properties of the major glycoprotein (gp71) of Friend murine leukemia virus. AB - Treatment of Friend leukemia virus gp71 with protease-free glycosidase enzymes results in removal of the major portion of the carbohydrate without affecting the amount of protein present. The digested material migrates as protein of about 60,000 to 65,000 molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Analyses of the serological properties of gp71 after enzyme treatment indicated that the type, group, and interspecies determinants were not destroyed. In contrast, treatment with proteolytic enzymes led to the complete destruction of the gp71 molecule, including the total elimination of its serological reactivity as measured by direct and competition radioimmunoassay and by a serum cytotoxicity assay. We conclude that the carbohydrate portion of gp71 is not of major significance in defining the antigenic determinants of this viral glycoprotein. PMID- 53294 TI - Thermolabile reverse transcriptase of a mammalian leukemia virus mutant temperature sensitive in its replication and sarcoma virus helper functions. AB - Three temperature-sensitive mutants of the Rauscher strain of murine leukemia virus are defective in early post-penetration functions required both for leukemia virus infection and for initiation of transformation of cells by their pseudotypes of murine sarcoma virus. In the present study, the reverse transcriptase of one of these mutants (ts 29) is shown to be thermolabile compared with the enzymes of the wild-type virus and several other temperature sensitive mutants. These findings provide evidence that the reverse transcriptase is required both for leukemia virus infection and for initition of transformation by the replication-defective murine sarcoma virus genome. PMID- 53295 TI - Transcription of 70S RNA by DNA polymerases from mammalian RNA viruses. AB - DNA polymerases purified by the same procedure from four mammalian RNA viruses, simian sarcoma virus type 1, gibbon ape lymphoma virus, Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, and Rauscher murine leukemia virus are capable of transcribing heteropolymeric regions of viral 70S RNA without any other primer. In this reconstituted system the enzymes from simian sarcoma virus type 1, Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, and Rauscher murine leukemia virus transcribe viral 70S RNA almost as efficiently as the DNA polymerase from the avian myeloblastosis virus, but gibbon ape lymphoma virus DNA polymerase is approximately three-to fivefold less efficient. Although there is a substantial difference among the sizes of these DNA polymerases (160,000 daltons for the avian myeloblastosis virus enzyme, 110,000 daltons for the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus enzyme, and 70,000 daltons for the mammalian type C viral polymerases), the ability to transcribe viral 70S RNA is a characteristic common to these enzymes. PMID- 53296 TI - [Clinical comparison of plasma substitutes, dextran and hydroxyethyl starch]. PMID- 53297 TI - [Hemodynamic changes following rapid infusion of a plasma substitute, hydroxyethyl starch. Evaluation of its effect on the circulating blood volume and application to left ventricular function test]. PMID- 53298 TI - [Distribution of bleomycin in sesame oil suspension in organs of rat with mammary carcinoma induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene and its effect on the tumors (author's transl)]. AB - Distribution of the bleomycin A2 suspended in sesame oil (Oil Bleo Suspension) in rat organs and tumors after the intramuscular administration was investigated by bioassay, the effect of intratumor administration of the suspension on the growth of rat mammary carcinoma induced by 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene was also studied. The oil suspension showed a protracted concentration in either tumor or organ tissues, but showed similar inhibitory effects on rat mammary carcinoma to those by regular bleomycin solution. Further studies should be performed on the effect of bleomycin A, in sesami oil on mammary carcinoma. PMID- 53300 TI - Radioisotope scanning of neoplasms 5. 111-In-bleomycin. PMID- 53299 TI - [Antigenic characteristics and biological activities of immune complex]. PMID- 53301 TI - [Shoulder-hand syndrome associated with hemiplegia]. PMID- 53302 TI - [Nursing of an unmarried patient with emergency hysterectomy: a case of premature dehiscence of the normal placenta and acute renal failure]. PMID- 53303 TI - [Bedside nursing: nursing of a 22-year-old mentally retarded patient following radical surgery of atrial septal defect]. PMID- 53304 TI - [Bedside nursing. Psychological approach in nursing of a patient following surgery of a spinal cord tumor]. PMID- 53305 TI - [Bedside nursing. Postoperative management of defecation problems in enterostomy patients]. PMID- 53306 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with enterostomy - a case of familial intestinal polyps with persistent postoperative diarrhea]. PMID- 53307 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing approach in the care of terminal patients. Pre and postoperative care of a patient with malignant brain tumor]. PMID- 53308 TI - [Methods of direct irradiation of surgically exposed lesions and the related nursing procedures]. PMID- 53309 TI - [Preoperative orientation and postoperative nursing of breast cancer patients]. PMID- 53310 TI - [Postoperative nursing of breast cancer patients and instructions on the care following discharge from the hospital]. PMID- 53311 TI - [A trial in clinical nursing training. V. Comprehensive nursing training--nursing of adults. 2. Clinical training in the field of surgery]. PMID- 53313 TI - [Nursing seminar: Surgical nursing]. PMID- 53312 TI - Pelvic exenteration: a nursing challenge. PMID- 53314 TI - [Nursing seminar: Surgical nursing, questions and answers]. PMID- 53315 TI - [Certain pathogenetic mechanisms of development of atherosclerosis in dogs, induced without the use of cholesterol]. AB - Chronic investigations (up to 3 years) conducted in dogs have evidenced that periodic disturbances of vascular permeability produced by using dicoumarin with a long-term blocking of the thyroid function greatly aggravate pathological manifestations induced by the action of 6-methylthiouracil. They result in the development in the animals of endogenous hypercholesterinemia, elevated content in the blood of beta-lipoproteins and in a periodic rise of the arterial pressure. These changes were particularly spectacular at the final stage of the experiment in animals with marked manifestations of atherosclerosis and were accompanied by reduced stand-by potentialities of the adrenal gland, disruption of metabolic processes in the myocardium along with the slowed down resorption of NaI131 from the heart muscle. The sensitivity of the heart to adrenalin was down too. PMID- 53316 TI - Selectivity of proteinuria in congenital nephrotic syndrome of the Finnish type. PMID- 53317 TI - Evidence of an autoimmune mechanism in pyelonephritis. PMID- 53319 TI - Comparative ultrastructural cytochemistry of juxtaglomerular cell granules and renal tubular cell lysosomes. AB - Because of certain similarities in morphology and function between juxtaglomerular cell granules and renal tubular cell lysosomes, the cytochemistry of both of these structures was compared. Juxtaglomerular cell granules and renal tubular cell lysosomes were found to be argentaphobic when ultrathin sections of Araldite-embedded kidneys were stained according to the periodic acid thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate technique of Thiery (Thiery, J. P. J. Microsc. (Paris) 6: 987, 1967 and J. Microsc. (Paris) 8: 689, 1969). The rim of both structures was moderately positive when ultrathin sections of glutaraldehyde fixed, glycol methacrylate-embedded kidneys were stained with phosphotungstic acid at a low pH. A reaction was also shown by the cell coats, residual bodies and, in proximal convoluted tubules, by the Golgi complex. In ultrathin sections of either glycol methacrylate- or Vestopal-embedded renal cortex stained by various methods with colloidal iron, juxtaglomerular cell granules were negative whereas renal tublar cell lysosomes were intesely positive. Colloidal iron also stained the cell coats of both justaglomerular and tubular cells. These results indicate that both juxtaglomerular cell granules and renal tubular cell lysosomes contain glycoproteins which are not acidic in the former and are acidic in the latter. PMID- 53320 TI - Studies of cellular recovery from injury. I. Recovery from anoxia in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - The reversibility of changes in ultrastructure, K+, and ATP content was studied in experimental injury of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Different grades of injury resulted from incubations in N2 atmosphere and omitting substrate after which air and glucose were reinstated. The changes observed in cells after 1 hour of anoxia such as dilations of endoplasmic reticulum, complex invaginations of plasma membrane, and slight condensation of mitochondria, as well as a drop of K+ and ATP content to a level approximating 40 per cent of the paired controls, were entirely reversible. After 2 hours of anoxia approximately 50 per cent of the cells recovered, but after 3 and 4 hour of anoxia most of the cells were irreversibly damaged showing markedly swollen mitochondria with flocculent densities. PMID- 53321 TI - The Uniform Alcoholism and Intoxication Treatment Act. The compromising process of social policy formulation. PMID- 53318 TI - [Antigens of the human placenta (author's transl)]. AB - The immunologic relations between mother, foetus and placenta are discussed and those antigens of the human placenta already characterized by their physico chemical and immunochemical properties described. In diagnostics the detection and determination of placental proteins is used in pregnancy tests, for the evaluation of placental functions and the detection of malignant diseases. Antibodies to placental antigens have an abortive effect; immunization against placental specific proteins may have implications as an immunologic contraceptive method and for the immunotherapy of choriocarcinoma. PMID- 53322 TI - Alcoholism and crime. A comparative study of three groups of alcoholics. PMID- 53323 TI - The kinetics of hemolytic plaque formation. IV. IgM plaque inhibition. PMID- 53325 TI - From the third editor (1965-1971). Communication--the key to learning. PMID- 53324 TI - Use of a symmetry condition to compute the conformation of gramicidin S1. AB - Using an improved method for computing conformations of closed rings with symmetry, in conjunction with an improved empirical energy function, the conformational space of Gramicidin S is reexamined. The search for minimum energy conformations is confined to the subspace containing closed symmetric rings. A large number of initial conformations selected from that subspace is subjected to energy minimization or is eliminated in a sequence of steps designed to locate the global minimum-energy conformation. One conformation having distinctly low energy is found and is judged to be the global minimum-energy conformation. This conformation is of the beta-pleated sheet type and is in complete agreement with experimental data. Similar structures with beta-pleated sheet-type conformations have been proposed previously on the basis of less extensive examiniations of the conformational space; the condition of exact ring closure, and the extensive examination of conformational space, used here, establish this structure on a firm basis. PMID- 53326 TI - [A dialog on lindane with the Labor Protection Committee]. PMID- 53327 TI - Health--a demystification of medical technology. PMID- 53328 TI - Coronary heart-attacks in East London. AB - All cases of cardiac infarction, acute coronary insufficiency and sudden death occurring in residents of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets below age 65 were registered over nearly three years, and survivors were followed up for one year. The attack-rate in men aged 45-64 years was 1 per 100 per annum but the recurrence-rate in survivors was 1 per 100 per month. Immigrants from Asia had more than the average, and those from the Carribean one tenth of the average attack-rate. Although it was unusual for general practitioners to manage cases at home by choice, nonetheless two-thirds of the deaths happened outside hospital and half of these were not witnessed. Half of those suffering coronary heart attacks had a previous history of coronary disease and a sizable minority were already unfit for work. Approximately half of those attacked were alive at one year. PMID- 53329 TI - Clinical and serological analysis of transfusion-associated hepatitis. AB - Of 108 prospectively followed, multiply transfused, open-heart-surgery patients, 12 (11%) developed hepatitis. Patients received only volunteer donor blood tested for hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) prior to transfusion by counterelectrophoresis (C.E.P.). 4 of the 12 patients developed hepatitis-B-virus infection. Subsequent testing of donor serums by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (R.I.A.) revealed that an R.I.A.-positive, C.E.P.-negative blood unit was transfused to 3 of the 4 type-B hepatitis cases, but to none of the remaining 104 patients; 3 hepatitis-B cases could probably have been prevented by prescreening of donors by solid-phase R.I.A. 8 hepatitis cases were serologically unrelated to the hepatitis-B virus, the hepatitis-A virus, the cytomegalovirus, or the Epstein Barr virus. Had R.I.A.-positive donors been excluded, 8 of the 9 residual hepatitis cases (89%) would have represented "non-A, non-B" hepatitis. The existence of previously unrecognised human hepatitis virus(es) is probable. PMID- 53331 TI - Triiodothyronine and thyroid-stimulating hormone in protein-calorie malnutrition in infants. AB - Protein-calorie malnutrition (P.C.M.) in a group of 43 Senegalese children aged eighteen to thirty months was characterised by a sharp fall in serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration to 25-3% of the mean value in healthy age matched controls. This decrease in T3 was significantly (P less than 0-001) more pronounced in kwashiorkor of recent onset than in long-term P.C.M., a finding which suggests that impaired thyroxine (T4) monodeiodination in the liver was responsible for the fall in serum-T3 concentration rather than a reduction in the secretion of T3 by the thyroid. Serum-T3 concentrations became normal in both malnourished groups after two weeks of appropriate nutrition. Serum-T3 concentrations in healthy, euthyroid, Senegalese children were higher than in White children. In frank kwashiorkor in Senegalese children, serum-thyroid stimulating-hormone (T.S.H.) concentrations were within the normal range throughout the entire course of dietary therapy, indicating that the children remained euthyroid. In contrast, protracted P.C.M. led to impairment of the T.S.H./T3 feedback mechanism and to a condition resembling hypophysectomy, which required two weeks' dietary therapy for its correction. PMID- 53330 TI - Controlled trial of bromocriptine, quinoestrol, and placebo in suppression of puerperal lactation. AB - 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (bromocriptine) in a dosage of 2-5 mg twice daily caused a rapid fall in plasma prolactin. It was more effective than either a single dose of 4 mg quinoestrol or a placebo in suppressing puerperal lactation, as judged by milk flow and the relief of breast pain and congestion. Patients who received quinoestrol were more comfortable than those who received placebo. PMID- 53332 TI - Interrelation of the common congenital malformations: some aetiological implications. AB - Analysis of congenital defects in a population of 90 921 singleton births revealed a strong interrelation between malformations: for example, 84% of lung defects, 70% of kidney defects, 34% of eye defects, 19% of cleft palate, and 15% of spina bifida coexisted with other defects which could not be designated as subsequently derived structural changes. The strength and intimacy of these interrelations casts doubt on the notion that multiple external factors are involved in the causation of human malformations. PMID- 53333 TI - Successful fetal liver transplantation in a child with severe combined immunodeficiency. AB - Following transplantation with allogeneic fetal liver, a boy with a severe combined immunodeficiency and adenosine-deaminase (A.D.A.) deficiency developed immunocompetent T and B cells in an orderly manner. Engraftment was indicated by appearance of A.D.A. activity and donor-lymphocyte and red-cell antigens. The child remained free of major infections until one year later when he developed an ultimately fatal nephrotic syndrome associated with immune-complex glomerulonephritis. PMID- 53334 TI - Editorial: Clinical concentrates of clotting-factor IX. PMID- 53335 TI - Editorial: Dangerous offenders. PMID- 53336 TI - Editorial: Fireworks. PMID- 53337 TI - Editorial: Experts and amateurs in stroke therapy. PMID- 53339 TI - Editorial: Bumetanide. PMID- 53338 TI - Editorial: Temporomandibular-joint syndrome. PMID- 53340 TI - A continuing common-source outbreak of botulism in a family. AB - In December, 1974, three cases of botulism occurred in a family; two were fatal. The first patient died after a 10-day illness without botulism being suspected. 4 days later, after a 2-day illness, the second patient was diagnosed as having botulism after a cardiorespiratory arrest; she died 3 days later. In the third patient, the only symptom was dysphagia. Clostridium botulinum type B was found in stool specimens from all three patients. Home-canned (bottled) mushrooms, which were found to contain C. botulinum type B and its toxin, were believed to be responsible for the outbreak; mushrooms were found at necropsy in the gastrointestinal tracts of both patients who died. Heat treatment of the mushrooms during canning had been inadequate. PMID- 53341 TI - Upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy in perspective. AB - Three and a half years' experience of an upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy service in a district general hospital is reviewed. It is concluded that the necessity for this investigation is considerably reduced when a positive contribution towards patient management is the main criterion for its use, when there is effective interdisciplinary cooperation, and when a double-contrast barium-meal technique is routinely employed. PMID- 53342 TI - Letter: Oral hypoglycaemics in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 53343 TI - Letter: Weight gain in infancy and subsequent development of diabetes mellitus in childhood. PMID- 53344 TI - Letter: Blood, plasma, or serum? PMID- 53345 TI - Letter: Needle puncture of fetus during amniocentesis. PMID- 53346 TI - Letter: Vaccinia treatment of melanoma. PMID- 53347 TI - Letter: Are benzodiazepines antipsychotic agents? PMID- 53348 TI - Letter: Release of peripheral dopamine during stress. PMID- 53349 TI - Letter: Treatment of unipolar depression. PMID- 53350 TI - Letter: Tryptophan plus a pyrrolase inhibitor for depression. PMID- 53352 TI - Letter: SI units. PMID- 53351 TI - Letter: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 53353 TI - Letter: Relief of myoclonus by L-tryptophan. PMID- 53354 TI - Letter: Autoantibody tests in liver disease. PMID- 53355 TI - Letter: Essential-fatty-acid metabolism in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 53356 TI - Letter: Hypothyroidism and aminoacid entry into brain and muscle. PMID- 53357 TI - Letter: Neonatal screening for hypothyroidism. PMID- 53358 TI - Letter: Complement in bronchial asthma. PMID- 53359 TI - Letter: Failure to detect endotoxin in serum of children with malaria. PMID- 53360 TI - Letter: Uraemia, gram-negative sepsis, and gentamicin assays. PMID- 53361 TI - Letter: Safeguards for healthy volunteers in drug studies. PMID- 53362 TI - Letter: Gynaecomastia in alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 53363 TI - Letter: failure of cephradine in infective endocarditis. PMID- 53364 TI - Letter: Screening for neural-tube defects by a haemagglutination test for serum alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 53365 TI - Letter: Congenital abnormalities associated with maternal clomiphene ingestion. PMID- 53366 TI - Letter: Late complications of sterilisation by laparoscopy. PMID- 53367 TI - Gordon Hamilton Fairley. PMID- 53368 TI - Samuel Layinka Ayodeji Manuwa. PMID- 53369 TI - John Barnard Blaikley. PMID- 53370 TI - Effect of group-A meningococcal vaccine in army recruits in Finland. AB - During an epidemic caused by group-A, sulphonamide-resistant meningococci in Finland, group-A polysaccharide vaccine was administered in 1974 to 16 458 recruits of the Armed Forces, leaving 20 748 as controls. Specific antibody response was good, and after vaccination only 1% of the men were without anti meningococcal group-A antibodies. Pharyngeal carriage of the epidemic strain was low, about 1-5%, in the men when entering service. Group-A meningococcal disease occurred during the nine months' mean observation period in 1 of the vaccinated men (an annual incidence of 11 per 100 000) and in 8 of those not vaccinated (71 per 100 000), indicating 89% protective effect of the vaccine. Furthermore, the total number of cases of group-A meningococcal disease was reduced to non epidemic levels at a time when 36% of the men in service were vaccinated, and has remained low for the next twelve months even though the epidemic in the general population continued. PMID- 53372 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of T-cell origin. Immunological and clinical evaluation in eleven patients. AB - Eleven patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia of T-cell origin are reported. The identification of the leukaemic cells was performed with seven different membrane markers for either T or B lymphocytes. The reactivity of the leukaemic T cells with three different heteroantisera to T cells differed from patient to patient but was homogeneous in individual cases. This finding suggests that the leukaemic lymphocytes belonged to a single subset of T cells. These lymphocytes responded to allogeneic cells in some of these patients. In contrast, stimulation by non-specific mitogens was poor in most patients. Two patients were affected with the prolymphocytic type of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, but a characteristic clinical and haematological pattern was found in nine patients. The blood and marrow infiltration was moderate and the proliferating T lymphocytes had a high content of lysosomal enymes in all patients and cytoplasmic granules in six cases. Other unusual features included massive splenomegaly (five patients), skin lesions (four patients), and major neutropenia (four patients). PMID- 53371 TI - Chronic liver disease developing after outbreak of HBsAG-negative hepatitis in haemodialysis unit. AB - Chronic liver disease developing after acute hepatitis type B is well documented, but is not thought to occur after acute hepatitis due to other viruses. However, follow-up of 29 patients in a haemodialysis unit who contracted HBsAg-negative acute hepatitis during 1968-70 revealed 8 cases with raised serum aminotransferase levels dating from that time. Liver biopsy in 7 of these disclosed chronic aggressive hepatitis in 3, of whom 2 had already progressed to advanced cirrhosis. Chronic persistent hepatitis was present in 2 others, and the remaining 2 had non-specific hepatitis in association with massive iron overload. Immunological studies demonstrated a higher frequency of cellular immunity to HBsAg in those who had previously had acute hepatitis than in those who had not, although the prevalence of humoral antibody was similar in the two groups. One possible explanation for these findings is the presence of immunological cross reaction at a cellular level between the hepatitis B virus and that responsible for the initial outbreak. PMID- 53373 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type B resistant to tetracycline isolated from children with meningitis. AB - During a three-year-period, 1971-73 inclusive, haemophili isolated from 96 children with severe infections, of whom 73 had meningitis and 19 acute epiglottitis, were serotyped and tested for sensitivity to antibacterial drugs. All strains were identified as Haemophilus influezae type b, and were sensitive to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim. However, 3 isolates--from a boy aged 11 months and a girl aged 1 year with meningitis, and a girl aged 2 years with epiglottitis--were highly resistant to tetracycline, with a median minimal inhibitory concentration of 50 mug tetracycline hydrochloride per ml (resistance ratio greater than or equal to 50). Resistance was also demonstrated to doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and rolitetracycline and, in one strain, to minocycline. No evidence was obtained that the resistant organisms were capable of inactivating tetracyclines. PMID- 53374 TI - Early syphilitic hepatitis. AB - 17 out of 175 cases of early syphilis had clinical, biochemical, and immunological evidence of liver damage. Before penicillin therapy the histological appearance of the liver was abnormal in 14 of the 15 patients from whom biopsy specimens were obtained. In 7 cases, treponemes were seen in the liver. After two months' penicillin therapy the extent and severity of the histological abnormality was reduced. In the repeat liver-biopsy specimens obtained after penicillin treatment no treponemes could be demonstrated. It is suggested that the hepatitis found in these 17 cases of early syphilis was produced by treponemes. PMID- 53375 TI - Formation of virosomes from influenza subunits and liposomes. AB - The surface haemagglutinin and neuraminidase projections of influenza virus were removed from the viral envelope, purified, and relocated on the surface of unilamellar liposomes. The resulting structures were examined in the electron microscope and found to resemble the original virus. Units of both the viral haemagglutinin and viral neuraminidase could be discerned. The name virosome is proposed for these new bodies. PMID- 53376 TI - Transfer factor in Hodgkin's disease. AB - In a controlled studiy, six patients with stage-IV Hodgkin's disease were given transfer factor (T.F.) prepared from patients with Hodgkin's disease in long remission. There was an apparent increase in cell-mediated immune responses as evidenced by a significant increase in the recipients' lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin stimulation. Three out of six patients converted to positive delayed-hypersensitivity tests. These three all had the nodular sclerosing type of Hodgkin's disease. These results warrant the further investigation of the use of Hodgkin's disease-specific T.F. as a therapeutic agent in this condition. PMID- 53377 TI - Inhibition of the plasma-aldosterone response to frusemide by bromocriptine. AB - The administration of the long-acting dopaminergic agonist bromocriptine to five healthy volunteers inhibited the rise in plasma-aldosterone that normally follows the administration of frusemide. This inhibition was not due to a lowering of plasma-renin activity. It is suggested that dopamine may modulate the normal secretion of aldosterone either directly, or indirectly, possible by inhibition of prolactin secretion. PMID- 53378 TI - Energy density of food, gastric emptying, and obesity. AB - An investigation of gastric emptying suggested that people choosing an energy dense mixture of dood and drink have an empty stomach sooner--and might, therefore, eat more--than people who take their energy in more dilute form. Support for the notion that energy density (kcal divided by volume of food and drink) might be related to relative body-weight comes from a study in healthy males. A proportion, albeit a small one, of the variance in relative body-weight (Quetelet) could be ascribed to energy density, and the relationship was stronger among the more obese men. PMID- 53379 TI - Editorial: Islet-cell transplantation. PMID- 53380 TI - Editorial: Lactase deficiency. PMID- 53381 TI - Editorial: Vibration-induced white finger. PMID- 53382 TI - Editorial: A state-registered abortionist? PMID- 53383 TI - Editorial: What the bladder doesn't do. PMID- 53384 TI - Selective screening for breast cancer in Guildford. AB - A preliminary survey has been carried out to test the feasibility of screening a high-risk group of women for breast cancer, using clinical examination and low dose mammography, before the establishment of a two-tier screening system of basic well-woman clinics for the over-25s, and breast screening clinics for those over-35s considered to have a higher than average expectation of developing the disease. 7 breast cancers and 1 case of Hodgkin's disease were detected in 618 women (breast cancers 11-3/1000, malignancies 12-9/1000). Though numbers are small they suggest that the women themselves do not suspect the presence of those breast cancers which carry the best prognosis, though being aware of the larger cancers and of many of those benign localised breast lesions requiring surgical treatment. PMID- 53385 TI - Organisation for health. PMID- 53386 TI - Letter: Vertical transmission of hepatitis B and breast-feeding. PMID- 53387 TI - Letter: In-vitro dissolution of human clots. PMID- 53388 TI - Letter: Polymeric type-III collagen in inflamed human synovia. PMID- 53389 TI - Letter: Sudden-infant-death syndrome and immunodeficiency. PMID- 53390 TI - Letter: Cystic fibrosis: detection of heterozygotes. PMID- 53391 TI - Letter: Phagocyte function in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 53393 TI - Letter: Essential fatty acids in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 53392 TI - Letter: Effect of A.C.T.H. petide fragment on muscle action-potentials. PMID- 53395 TI - Letter: Coeliac disease. PMID- 53394 TI - Letter: Tryptophan/imipramine in depression. PMID- 53396 TI - Letter: Association between maternal intake of diazepam and oral clefts. PMID- 53397 TI - Letter: ABO blood types in congenital heart-disease. PMID- 53398 TI - Letter: Blood-levels of S-adenosylmethionine in schizophrenia. PMID- 53399 TI - Letter: Incidence of congenital limb-reduction deformities. PMID- 53400 TI - Letter: Treatment of primary melanoma by intralesional vaccinia before excision. PMID- 53401 TI - Letter: Saralasin bolus test. PMID- 53402 TI - Letter: Combined immunosuppression and anticoagulation in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. PMID- 53403 TI - Letter: Serotyping of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. PMID- 53404 TI - Letter: Curability of breast cancer. PMID- 53405 TI - Letter: Serum-phenytoin levels. PMID- 53406 TI - Letter: Fibre, blood-lipids, and heart-disease. PMID- 53407 TI - Letter: Typhoidal cells. PMID- 53408 TI - Letter: Amoxycillin in typhoid fever. PMID- 53409 TI - Letter: Maternal hair-roots in prediction of low-birth-weight risk. PMID- 53410 TI - Letter: Zinc and diodoquin in acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 53411 TI - Letter: Cost of breast-feeding. PMID- 53412 TI - Letter: Lymphatic drainage of the brain. PMID- 53413 TI - Letter: Gastric emptying in labour. PMID- 53414 TI - Letter: Does nitrous oxide harm the dentist. PMID- 53415 TI - Letter: Particles associated with microvillous border of intestinal mucosa. PMID- 53416 TI - Letter: Multiple sclerosis with hypocomplementaemia. PMID- 53417 TI - Letter: Mollaret's meningitis. PMID- 53418 TI - Letter: Acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis: collection of large quantities of stools from young children. PMID- 53419 TI - Letter: Impaired clycerol clearance in obesity. PMID- 53420 TI - Letter: Ocular side-effects of clofazimine. PMID- 53422 TI - Letter: Unsaturated fatty acids and cellular immunity. PMID- 53421 TI - Letter: Gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 53423 TI - Letter: Biliary factor and false-positive alpha-fetoprotein assays. PMID- 53424 TI - Letter: Cholesterol contrast of tube feeds. PMID- 53425 TI - Letter: Chronic granulocytopenia and monocytopenia with apparent good health. PMID- 53426 TI - Letter: Linkage and association. PMID- 53427 TI - Robert Anstruther Ramsay. PMID- 53428 TI - Efficacy of hepatitis B immune serum globulin after accidental exposure. Preliminary report of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Study. AB - A randomised, double-blind, controlled trial has been undertaken to compare the efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin (H.B.I.G.) with that of immune serum globulin (I.S.G.) for the prophylaxis of viral hepatitis. Participants in the trial were individuals exposed accidentally to material infectious for hepatitis (primarily viral B hepatitis). Preliminary evaluation of the first 302 of the 561 individuals entered into the study indicates that H.B.I.G. significantly reduced the frequencies of both clinical and subclinical hepatitis during the first 3--4 months after the injection. Less than 10% of H.B.I.G. recipients had detectable anti-HBs at the sixth month after the injection, suggesting that H.B.I.G. might need to be given every 3--4 months to continually exposed individuals. Further long-term evaluation is required in order to define more clearly those most likely to benefit from H.B.I.G. PMID- 53429 TI - Treatment of radiation-induced gastrointestinal distress with acetylsalicylate. AB - Highly buffered acetylsalicylate was used to treat diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal side-effects of radiotherapy in 28 women who were receiving treatment for uterine cancer. In a double-blind, balanced, and randomised trial, acetylsalicylate significantly reduced the number of bowel motions and relieved abdominal pain and flatulence. PMID- 53430 TI - Urinary and serum octopamine in patients with portal-systemic encephalopathy. AB - Urinary excretion and serum concentrations of octopamine were studied in seventeen controls, thirty-three patients with portal-systemic encephalopathy, and thirteen patients with liver disease without encephalopathy. No differences were detected between control subjects and patients without encephalopathy. Urinary excretion and serum concentrations of octopamine were significantly higher in patients with encephalopathy compared with those without encephalopathy. The presence and grade of portal-systemic encephalopathy seemed to correlate more closely with the serum-octopamine concentrations than with urinary octopamine excretion. It is postulated that octopamine may be involved in the pathogenesis of portal-systemic encephalopathy. PMID- 53432 TI - Treatment of diabetes insipidus with carbamazepine. AB - Oral carbamazepine has been shown to have antidiuretic activity in seven out of nine patients with neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus. At the doses used side effects were not a major problem. In the eighth patient a carbamazepine and clofibrate combination was effective but in the ninth carbamazepine was without effect. It is suggested that carbamazepine should be used initially in neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus if oral therapy is indicated, but the mode of its antidiuretic action is as yet unclear. PMID- 53431 TI - Mucosal adherence of human enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. AB - An in-vitro assay system has been developed to measure bacterial adhesion to the mucosa of human fetal small intestine. Two strains of Escherichia coli that are proven human enteropathogens (E.P.E.C.) have been shown to adhere in large numbers, compared with control organisms. The attachment mechanism is species specific and is not caused by common fimbriae. Mucosal adhesion may be as important as enterotoxin production or invasiveness in determining the virulence of some strains of human E.P.E.C. PMID- 53433 TI - Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease by quantitative biochemical assay of acetylcholinesterase in rectal tissue. AB - Acetylcholinesterase activity was measured in rectal-biopsy specimens obtained from nineteen children. Seven children in whom the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease was established were found to have a significantly higher enzyme activity than the twelve in whom this diagnosis was excluded. The estimation may prove to be of value in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 53434 TI - Coronavirus propagated from patient with non-bacterial gastroenteritis. AB - A faecal suspension from a patient with gastroenteritis, which contained large numbers of coronavirus particles when examined by electron microscopy, was inoculated into human embryo intestinal-organ cultures and primary human embryo kidney monolayers. In the organ cultures, the villous epithelium became detached and large numbers of coronavirus particles were seen by electron microscopy both in the medium and in thin sections of the intestinal epithelial cells, where the virus appeared to be multiplying. In organ cultures and in human embryo-kidney cells, intracytoplasmic virus was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence with convalescent serum from the patient. PMID- 53435 TI - Clinical sign of obstructed axoplasmic transport. AB - Orthograde and retrograde axoplasmic transport in retinal ganglion-cell axons can be interrupted by axonal ischaemia. This report is believed to be the first to illustrate how this phenomenon can be obserbed clinically in man in cases of retinal vascular disease. The intense retinal "whiteness" of small cottonwool spots and at the periphery of larger areas of retinal ischaemia represents gross localised axonal distension secondary to the cessation axoplasmic flow. PMID- 53436 TI - Coeliac disease: a cause of various associated diseases? AB - Deposition in other organs of immune complexes originating from the small intestinal musosa is suggested as a possible reason, in some patients, for the described association between coeliac disease and a range of "autoimmune" diseases. PMID- 53437 TI - Editorial: Pretransplant blood-transfusion--bad or good? PMID- 53438 TI - Editorial: Polyunsaturated beef-eaters. PMID- 53439 TI - Editorial: Aspirin, prostaglandins, and the gut. PMID- 53440 TI - Editorial: Neuronal loss in infancy. PMID- 53441 TI - Editorial: Melioidosis. PMID- 53442 TI - Editorial: Ectopic pregnancy and the I.U.D. PMID- 53443 TI - Editorial: The cold facts of childbirth. PMID- 53445 TI - Variation in annual incidence of primary acute pancreatitis in Nottingham, 1969 74. AB - A review of the 202 patients admitted to Nottingham hospitals with primary acute pancreatitis during the six years 1969-74 has been undertaken. The City of Nottingham and the four adjacent former urban districts had a population of 469 720 in 1971, and an attempt was made to obtain details of all patients from within this defined population area. 134 of the 202 patients came from this area. The annual incidence varied by 4-fold throughout the six years of the survey from a peak incidence of 83-0 per million population in 1974 to a low incidence of 21 2 per million in 1970. There was no detectable pattern behind this variation and consideration of the individual figures did not suggest that any particular predisposing factor accounted for the variation. Spatial variation analysis is now being undertaken to see if population and environmental subgroups can be identified. PMID- 53444 TI - A clinical service for prenatal diagnosis. AB - A centralised clinical prenatal diagnostic service has been established and the results of amniocentesis in 174 patients are discussed. Termination of pregnancy was performed in 3 patients on the basis of cytogenetic abnormalities (47,XXY, 47,XXX, 47,XY 21+): in 2 patients with anencephalic fetuses on the basis of alpha fetoprotein and ultrasound investigations, and 1 patient with fetal Hurler's syndrome. One mother, aged 45, refused amniocentesis and gave birth to a child with Down syndrome. Amniocentesis was followed by fetal death and abortion in 3 patients, all of whom had repeat amniocentesis. Cytogenetic results were not obtained from cell-culture in 9 out of 155 patients, but it was possible to explain all but 2 of the failures. An unexplained error in fetal sex determination occurred once. PMID- 53446 TI - Mass screening for hypertension in Copenhagen supermarkets. AB - During its "heart week" in February, 1975, the Danish Heart Foundation drew the attention of the public to the problem of heart-disease with special reference to high blood-pressure; and 24 377 people attending supermarkets in Copenhagen took advantage of an offer to have their blood-pressure checked. There was a small charge for measurement, but the supermarket owners usually paid the fee on behalf of their customers. This unconventional approach to blood-pressure screening proved to be cheap, straightforward, and acceptable to the public. 23% of people measured were referred to their general practitioners for further evaluation. PMID- 53447 TI - General professional training in medicine. AB - A programme of general professional training in medicine based on the Royal Commission report has been in operation at the Western Infirmary, Glasgow, and associated hospitals since 1969. It involves a two-year rotation through general medicine, dermatology, psychiatry, paediatrics, geriatrics, and a variety of medical specialties. A third year is spent as far as possible in one unit of the doctor's choice. The scheme has been popular with trainees and senior staff. A high pass-rate has been achieved in the M.R.C.P.--23 out of 26 being successful within the three-year period. The trainees have subsequently taken up a wide variety of hospital posts within the broad division of medicine or entered general practice. The concept of a broadly based three-year period of general professional training in medicine has proved both practical and useful. PMID- 53448 TI - Letter: Metiamide in duodenal ulcer. PMID- 53450 TI - Letter: Allergy, immunodeficiency, and epilepsy. PMID- 53449 TI - Letter: Age-dependent sensitivity to salicylate. PMID- 53451 TI - Letter: Late complications of tubal ligation. PMID- 53452 TI - Letter: HL-A in farmer's lung. PMID- 53453 TI - Letter: Grandmothers shouldn't be pregnant. PMID- 53454 TI - Letter: A modified national dried milk. PMID- 53455 TI - Letter: Isolation of human rotavirus using human embryonic gut monolayers. PMID- 53456 TI - Letter: Previous antibiotic treatment and diagnosis of meningitis. PMID- 53457 TI - Letter: Milk for babies. PMID- 53458 TI - Letter: Encouraging breast-feeding. PMID- 53459 TI - Letter: Breast-feeding and hepatitis B. PMID- 53460 TI - Letter: Subacute and chronic active hepatitis after withdrawal of chemotherapy. PMID- 53461 TI - Letter: 5-hydroxytryptamine and hepatic coma. PMID- 53462 TI - Letter: HBsAG subtypes in fulminant hepatitis. PMID- 53463 TI - Letter: Myocardial cell injury during open-heart surgery. PMID- 53464 TI - Letter: Cd banding of human chromosomes observed in the C-banding procedure. PMID- 53465 TI - Letter: Congenital-heart-disease risk during pregnancy. PMID- 53466 TI - Letter: Vacterl congenital malformations and the male fetus. PMID- 53467 TI - Letter: Sterilisation. PMID- 53468 TI - Letter: The methylfolate trap. PMID- 53469 TI - Letter: Essential-fatty-acid metabolism in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 53470 TI - Letter: Fireworks. PMID- 53471 TI - Letter: Kappa-fetoprotein and alternative markers for the antenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. PMID- 53472 TI - Letter: Potential error in determination of red-cell mean corpuscular volumes. PMID- 53473 TI - Letter: How do doctors learn about drugs? PMID- 53474 TI - Letter: Discharge of violent patients. PMID- 53475 TI - Letter: Secure units for mentally ill. PMID- 53476 TI - Letter: Select committee under the abortion law. PMID- 53477 TI - Letter: The junior doctors' contract. PMID- 53478 TI - Letter: Advisers in control of infectious disease. PMID- 53479 TI - Letter: Bromocriptine in parkinsonism. PMID- 53480 TI - Letter: Prostaglandins, ulcerative colitis, and sulphasalazine. PMID- 53481 TI - Letter: Quality and quantity of survival in acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 53482 TI - Letter: Immunosuppressive effect of pregnancy-associated alpha2-macroglobulin. PMID- 53483 TI - Letter: Thyroid function after treatment of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 53484 TI - Letter: Cardiac arrhythmia induced by phenothiazine. PMID- 53485 TI - Letter: Chronic renal disease. PMID- 53486 TI - Letter: Potato scab and teratogeny. PMID- 53487 TI - Letter: Blood-ethanol in liver disease. PMID- 53488 TI - Letter: Hypothalamic peptides. PMID- 53489 TI - Letter: Bumetanide. PMID- 53490 TI - Albert Gordon Baikie. PMID- 53491 TI - Robert Cavill Wofinden. PMID- 53492 TI - Evelyn Maud Finnie. PMID- 53493 TI - Decreased serum cholesterol-binding reserve in premature myocardial infarction. AB - Incubation of human serum with crystalline cholesterol which had been pulverised by sonication resulted in a measurable uptake of cholesterol by the serum. This uptake was designated "serum cholesterol-binding reserve" (S.C.B.R.). Among more than 200 men and women examined, S.C.B.R. values varied from less than 10 to over 200 mg/dl, while the values from repeated determinations on two individuals over several months varied within 24 mg/dl. S.C.B.R. could be attributed to two serum lipoprotein subfractions--S.F.V. separated from very-low-density lipoprotein and S.F.H. from high-density lipoprotein, by gel filtration. Without further purification, S.F.V. solubilised 4-5 mg and S.F.H. solubilised 0-36 mg of additional cholesterol/mg of protein, while the remaining bulk of the lipoproteins lacked this property. It is proposed that S.F.V. and S.F.H. have physiological roles in retarding atherogenesis by removing cholesterol from the arterial intima and carrying it back to the circulating serum. Accordingly, individuals who have low S.C.B.R. values, being deficient in S.F.V. and S.F.H., are at higher risk for the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. This hypothesis was tested by comparing S.C.B.R. values of patients with premature myocardial infarction with values of controls. The results indicated a trend of increasing S.C.B.R. values with increasing levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides among the controls, but this trend was virtually lost among the patients. The S.C.B.R. values also were lower among patients than controls, and the difference was statistically significant between patients and controls with serum-cholesterol above 250 mg/dl or fasting serum-triglycerides above 160 mg/dl. These results are consistent with the proposed hypothesis. PMID- 53494 TI - Pericarditis in acute myocardial infarction. AB - In a prospective study of 300 consecutive patients who survived the first 24 h of acute myocardial infarction, pericarditis was present in 44 patients (14-7%). The only factors independently associated with pericarditis were transmural myocardial infarction, extent of myocardial damage, atrial fibrillation, and longer duration of fever. Pericarditis did not affect immediate prognosis or incidence of cardiac rupture. These findings and the high incidence of atrial fibrillation suggest that anticoagulant therapy should not be discontinued in patients with pericarditis complicating acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 53495 TI - Bird-fancier's lung and jejunal villous atrophy. AB - Sixteen patients with bird-fancier's lung were screened for evidence of coeliac disease by assessing their clinical features, red-bloodcell or serum folate levels, and serum for reticulin antibodies. Five of nine patients selected for jejunal biopsy showed villous atrophy, and in some this seemed to be a true gluten-sensitive enteropathy. PMID- 53496 TI - Value of routine serum-triiodothyronine estimation in diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. AB - Thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) concentrations were estimated on 432 blood specimens from patients with a provisional diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. 59 patients had a raised serum T3 concentration with T.S.H. and T4 levels in the normal range. Further information was obtained in 41 of these patients, and T3 toxicosis was diagnosed in 17 cases, thus providing a projected total of 24 patients with T3 toxicosis. In addition, there were 56 patients, with more common biochemical features of thyrotoxicosis, having both a raised serum T3 and T4 concentration. Therefore 30% of the patients considered thyrotoxic in this retrospective survey were only diagnosed with the aid of a serum-T3 estimation. PMID- 53497 TI - Immunoglobulin E in rectal mucosa of patients with proctitis. AB - Rectal-biopsy specimens were obtained from a group of patients with proctitis in different stages of activity. Large numbers of brightly fluorescent IgE-producing cells were demonstrated in rectal-biopsy specimens taken from these patients during disease activity and clinical remission. An immediate hypersensitivity reaction is suggested as one of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of proctitis. PMID- 53498 TI - Levels of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal blood as a screening test for fetal neural-tube defect. AB - A range has been established for maternal plasma-alpha-fetoprotein (A.F.P.) levels in normal pregnancies (930 women). A.F.P. levels between 10 and 40 weeks gestation were examined in 51 pregnancies associated with fetal neural-tube defect. In 96% of cases (20 anencephalus, 6 spina bifida) examined between 16 and 26 weeks of gestation A.F.P. levels were above the 95th centile of the normal range. It is suggested that measurement of A.F.P. in maternal blood should become a screening test in all pregnancies, and a scheme for the futher investigation of patients with abnormal results is described. PMID- 53499 TI - Pancreatic-islet fibrosis in young infants of diabetic mothers. AB - Pancreatic-islet fibrosis was found at necropsy in six out of ten infants (aged 11-142 days) born to diabetic mothers. Fibrosis covered an islet area of 5-10% in three cases, 10-20% in two cases, and more than 20% in one case. The three infants with the most pronounced islet fibrosis were heavier than normal at birth, and at least two of them were of "diabetic appearance" at birth. Five of the six cases with islet fibrosis had major malformations. PMID- 53500 TI - Identification of cholecystokinin-secreting cells. AB - Cholecystokinin (C.C.K.)-producing cells were identified in the mucosa of the upper small intestine in man and other mammals by immunocytochemical techniques and electron microscopy on semi-thin and serial thin sections. Ultrastructural studies suggested that the C.C.K.-producing cells resemble I cells of the modified Wiesbaden classification. The combination of these techniques provides a simple and reliable method of identifying C.C.K. cells in human biopsy material and will be useful in the investigation and diagnosis of gut endocrine dysfunctions. PMID- 53501 TI - Editorial: Allergy in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 53502 TI - Editorial: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. PMID- 53503 TI - Editorial: Cot death. PMID- 53504 TI - Editorial: Junior hospital doctors. PMID- 53505 TI - Validity of clinical examination and mammography as screening tests for breast cancer. AB - This study is aiming to determine the validity and observer variability of clinical examination and mammography as screening tests for breast cancer. Women over the age of forty are given two independent clinical examinations of the breasts, and mammograms are taken and read independently by two radiologists. This paper presents the results of screening the first 1215 women to be enrolled in the study. At their first screening attendance, 231 women (19%) were referred for surgical opinion, 119 (9-8%) underwent biopsy, and cancer was diagnosed in 17 (1-4%). 2 further cancers were diagnosed in the ensuing six months among women who had been negative on initial screening, representing a false-negative rate of 2 out of 19 (11%). Clinical examination resulted in 189 referrals (15-6%), 90 biopsies (7-4%), and detected 11 cancers; corresponding figures for mammography were 76 referrals (6-3%), 55 biopsies ((4-5%), and 14 cancers. Observer variability was greater for clinical examination than for mammography. These early results suggest that as a screening test mammography compares favourably with clinical examination, but both tests are necessary if many false negatives are to be avoided. PMID- 53506 TI - Inhalational analgesia in labour: facemask or mouthpiece. AB - A mouthpiece offered as an alternative to a facemask increased the acceptance of inhalational analgesia during labour from 76% to 96% of 50 patients. 92% of those patients offered a choice of a mask or mouthpiece would use the same device in another labour compared with only 64% of those offered only a facemask. PMID- 53507 TI - Letter: Error-rate factor in the management of appendicitis. PMID- 53508 TI - Letter: Non-group A streptococci in Ghanaian patients with pyoderma. PMID- 53509 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of G.-6 P.D. deficiency. PMID- 53510 TI - Letter: SI units. PMID- 53511 TI - Letter: Aspiration cytology in breast cancer. PMID- 53512 TI - Letter: Method for studying functional activity of breast-cancer cells. PMID- 53513 TI - Letter: Hormone sensitivity in breast cancer. PMID- 53514 TI - Letter: Human chromosome band mapping. PMID- 53515 TI - Letter: B.C.G. at school. PMID- 53516 TI - Letter: False-positive acid-fast smears. PMID- 53517 TI - Letter: Withdrawal of corticosteroids. PMID- 53518 TI - Letter: Milk-protein antibodies and myocardial infarction. PMID- 53519 TI - Letter: Ultrasound and D.N.A. PMID- 53520 TI - Letter: Hepatitis-B surface antigen in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 53521 TI - Letter: Epidemiology of hepatitis B and primary hepatic carcinoma. PMID- 53522 TI - Letter: Blood-transfusion and hepatitis. PMID- 53523 TI - Letter: Risk of hepatic coma in paracetamol poisoning. PMID- 53524 TI - Letter: Menstrual loss after tubal ligation. PMID- 53525 TI - Letter: Are benzodiazepines antipsychotic agents? PMID- 53526 TI - Letter: Unsafe anaesthetic supply systems. PMID- 53527 TI - Letter: Radioimmunoassay of plasma--prolactin. PMID- 53528 TI - Letter: Incomplete C4 consumption in leukaemia. PMID- 53529 TI - Letter: Quality and quantity of survival in acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 53530 TI - Letter: Liver lesions and androgenic steroid therapy. PMID- 53531 TI - Letter: L-dopa and 5-hydroxytryptophan therapy in phenylketonuria with normal phenylalanine-hydroxylase activity. PMID- 53532 TI - Letter: Tetrahydrobiopterin treatment of variant form of phenylketonuria. PMID- 53533 TI - Letter: Serum-albumin in oedematous malnutrition. PMID- 53534 TI - Letter: Danger of aspirin during pelvic irradiation. PMID- 53535 TI - Letter: Providencia stuartii infections. PMID- 53536 TI - Letter: Contractile proteins in experimental and human neoplasia. PMID- 53537 TI - Letter: Infantile spasms and subsequent appearance of tuberous sclerosis syndrome. PMID- 53538 TI - Letter: Thyrotoxicosis associated with splenic atrophy. PMID- 53539 TI - Letter: Upper-gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 53540 TI - Letter: Phenotypic manifestations of ataxia-telangiectasia. PMID- 53541 TI - Letter: Primary non-function in cadaver kidney transplants. PMID- 53542 TI - Letter: Single solution for oral therapy of diarrhoea. PMID- 53543 TI - Letter: Haemorrhagic discoloration of the penis in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 53544 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 53545 TI - Robert Forbes. PMID- 53546 TI - Robert Laird. PMID- 53547 TI - Cumulative effect of concussion. AB - Twenty young adults were studied after a second concussion. The rate at which they were able to process information was reduced more than in controls who had been concussed only once, and they took longer to recover than the controls. The effects of concussion seem to be cumulative, and this has important implications for sports where concussion injury is common. PMID- 53548 TI - Prophylactic oral antimicrobial agents in elective colonic surgery. A controlled trial. AB - A controlled trial has been carried out in 50 patients undergoing elective colonic surgery to assess the efficacy of prophylactic oral metronidazole specifically directed against anaerobic colonic microflora in combination with kanamycin to reduce the aerobic flora. A control group received dietary and mechanical preparation alone. A significant reduction of both aerobic and anaerobic colonic microflora was achieved in the group receiving prophylactic antimicrobial agents, and this was reflected in a significant reduction in postoperative wound infections. 1 control patient died from Bacteroides septicaemia. No toxic or other side-effects from this prophylactic regimen occurred in this trial. PMID- 53549 TI - Our lives and hard times. PMID- 53550 TI - Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin-D-levels during pregnancy in Caucasians and in vegetarian and non-vegetarian Asians. AB - Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin-D(25-O.H.D.), Ca, P, and alkaline-phosphatase levels were determined in three separate periods during pregnancy in 14 Caucasian mothers, 23 vegetarian Asians, and 16 non-vegetarian Asians. Non-pregnant women from the same group were used as controls. The expected steady rise in alkaline phosphate during pregnancy due to increase in the placental isoenzyme, and the fall in total Ca due to haemodilution, were noted. No appreciable changes in 25 O.H.D. levels occurred, but throughout pregnancy the levels in the vegetarian Asians were lower than in the other two groups. The same analyses were made in maternal and cordplasmas in some of these patients. The babies' 25-O.H.D. levels averaged 87% of their mothers'. There was no clear evidence that pregnancy as such led to increased vitamin-D requirement in any case of these groups. PMID- 53551 TI - Intestinal biopsy in the diagnosis of cow's milk protein intolerance without acute symptoms. AB - 4 infants, suspected of cow's milk protein intolerance, were placed on an elimination diet and then challenged with cow's milk. None reacted clinically, yet in 2 of the 4 patients jejunal biopsy revealed clear histological, ultrastructural, and immunological changes. It is suggested that these changes are the objective criteria on which the diagnosis of cow's milk intolerance should be based, and that the clinical evidence derived from milk challenge after an elimination diet may be unreliable. PMID- 53552 TI - Depressed monocyte chemotaxis during acute influenza infection. AB - The chemotactic responsiveness of monocytes from patients with serologically proven influenza infection has been quantified in vitro. Individuals with acute influenza had a significant (P less than 0-001) depression of monocyte chemotaxis. The depression ranged from 40% to 72% during acute infection but rose to normal by three weeks after recovery. When isolated mononuclear leucocytes from the recovered patients were incubated with the infecting strain of virus (Port Chalmers), a 49-54% inhibition of chemotaxis was obtained. These findings support the hypothesis that the altered immune responsiveness and increased predisposition to superinfections found frequently in patients with influenza can be due to the ability of the virus to depress monocyte function. PMID- 53553 TI - Coagulation changes during second-trimester abortion induced by intra-amniotic prostaglandin E2 and hypertonic solutions. AB - The coagulation system was studied in twenty-seven patients undergoing second trimester abortion induced by intra-amniotic prostaglandin (P.G.) E2 alone and in combination with a hypertonic solution of urea or glucose. Changes consistent with intravascular coagulation, namely a rise in fibrin degradation products and a fall in plasma-fibrinogen and platelet-count, were observed in those patients treated using P.G.E2 with hypertonic urea. Similar but less pronounced changes were found in the group treated using P.G.E2 with hypertonic glucose. In patients treated with P.G.E2 alone no changes suggestive of intravascular coagulation were detected. One patient treated using P.G.E2 with hypertonic urea who did not abort for 26 hours demonstrated changes indicative of a pronounced degree of disseminated intravascular coagulation. These findings show that when abortion is induced using P.G.E2 and a hypertonic solution, particularly hypertonic urea, disseminated intravascular coagulation can occur as a result of a hypertonic agent being used. PMID- 53554 TI - 24-hour control of intragastric acidity by cimetidine in duodenal-ulcer patients. AB - The effects of two dose regimens of cimetidine on 24 h intragastric acidity were investigated in six patients with duodenal ulcer. They received placebo capsules on the first day and cimetidine on the second day. Cimetidine 0-8 g/day decreased 24 h mean H+ activity by 55% but 1-6 g/day decreased it by 67%, the difference being due to a greater nocturnal decrease in the high-dose group. Intragastric pH remained below 2-0 for much of the treatment day but similar values were found in four post-vagotomy patients. Cimetidine 0-8-1-6 g/day results in a decrease of intragastric acidity that is compatible with successful medical treatment of duodenal ulceration. PMID- 53555 TI - Effect of cimetidine on gastric potential difference in man. AB - The effect of the histamine H-2 receptor antagonist cimetidine on gastric potential difference (P.D.) has been studied in five healthy volunteers. P.D. was recorded continuously, and basal P.D. (mean +/- S.E.) was -48+/- 1-0 mV. Cimetidine, 300 mg orally, increased P.D. to -64+/- 2-4 mV. Cimetidine also significantly decreased basal acidity from pH 2 to pH 7 within an hour. The effect on both P.D. and pH persisted throughout each 3h study. P.D. has been shown to correlate with changes in the human gastric mucosal barrier. Cimetidine, therefore, may have a protective effect on the gastric mucosal barrier in addition to its suppression of acid secretion. PMID- 53556 TI - Unsaturated monohydroxy bile acids as a cause of idiopathic obstructive cholangiopathy. AB - It is proposed that some cases of biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis may be initiated by an adverse effect of unsaturated monohydroxy bile acids on the fetal and infantile hepatobiliary system. The hypothesis is founded on morphological observations in patients with biliary atresia and on the toxic effects of monohydroxy bile acids on the hepatobiliary system. PMID- 53557 TI - Simple perfusion pump for gastrointestinal manometry. PMID- 53559 TI - Editorial: Metacarpophalangeal-joint arthroplasties. PMID- 53558 TI - Editorial: Ozone in smog. PMID- 53560 TI - Editorial: Granulomas of the liver. PMID- 53561 TI - Editorial: Antibiosis amongst skin microorganisms. PMID- 53562 TI - Editorial: Facts about gluten. PMID- 53563 TI - Editorial: Ruin ahead. PMID- 53564 TI - Infantile gastroenteritis: a clinical study of reovirus-like agent infection. AB - In a clinical study of 32 infants with symptoms from infections with the human reovirus-like agent (R.I.A.) identified by electron microscopy (E.M.) of faecal extracts, a fairly consistent clinical pattern was found in 30 who had a gastroenteritis-like illness. The disease was usually mild, affecting mainly infants less than 2 years and males more commonly than females. The incubation period appeared to be 48-72 hours; and the onset was sudden, often with vomiting in the first 1-2 days of the illness. Loose yellow-green offensive stools without blood or mucus developed after a variable time, and there was often accompanying fever. Severe dehydration and electrolyte inbalance were uncommon; and with standard treatment the illness was uncomplicated, usually lasting 5-8 days. These features resemble those of previously reported winter epidemics of infantile non bacterial gastroenteritis, and it is suggested that these epidemics were due to R.L.A. 2 infants in whom R.L.A. was identified in the stool did not have a gastroenteritis-like illness although both had protracted diarrhoea. PMID- 53565 TI - Letter: Reversal of metiamide-induced agranulocytosis during treatment with cimetidine. PMID- 53566 TI - Letter: Normalisation: a possible general solution to the units problem. PMID- 53567 TI - SI units. PMID- 53568 TI - Letter: Dental caries and sugar intake. PMID- 53569 TI - Letter: Electrolyte disturbances in beer drinkers. PMID- 53570 TI - Letter: Hepatitis-B virus infection of children born to mothers with severe hepatitis. PMID- 53571 TI - Letter: Breast-feeding and hepatitis B. PMID- 53572 TI - Letter: Identification of hepatitis-B antigen. PMID- 53573 TI - Letter: Pompidou's refringence phenomenon and cell differentiation. PMID- 53574 TI - Letter: Toxicity of intravenous Corynebacterium parvum. PMID- 53575 TI - Letter: Survival in acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 53576 TI - Letter: Escherichia coli K1. PMID- 53577 TI - Letter: Blood viscosity in the "ischaemic" exercise E.C.G. PMID- 53578 TI - Letter: Enterobacter urinary infection. PMID- 53579 TI - Letter: Bumetanide. PMID- 53580 TI - Letter: Management of mild hypertension. PMID- 53581 TI - Letter: Intravenous labetalol in severe hypertension. PMID- 53582 TI - Letter: Hypertension related to D.N.A. repair synthesis and carcinogen uptake. PMID- 53583 TI - Letter: Ectopic gestation and hydatidiform mole in clomiphene-induced pregnancies. PMID- 53584 TI - Letter: Gluten content of cereals. PMID- 53585 TI - Letter: Potential pitfall in bioassay of serum-gentamicin. PMID- 53586 TI - Letter: Adriamycin in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 53587 TI - Letter: Treatment of hypothermia. PMID- 53588 TI - Letter: Causation of malformations. PMID- 53589 TI - Letter: Congenital malformations and vinyl chloride. PMID- 53590 TI - Letter: Maternal deaths. PMID- 53591 TI - Letter: Fate of 125I-labelled fibrinogen. PMID- 53592 TI - Letter: Is the urine concentrating ability defective in the African? PMID- 53593 TI - Letter: Is pre-eclampsia an immune-complex disease? PMID- 53594 TI - Letter: Pentagastrin test in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. PMID- 53595 TI - Letter: Transfer factor in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 53596 TI - Thomas Vibert Pearce. PMID- 53597 TI - Ludwik Anigstein. PMID- 53598 TI - Controlled trial of intermittent regimens of rifampicin plus isoniazid for pulmonary tuberculosis in Singapore. AB - A total of 481 adult Chinese, Malays, and Indians in Singapore with newly diagnosed smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were allocated at random to four regimens of intermittent rifampicin plus isoniazid. All patients received an initial 2 weeks of daily streptomycin plus isoniazid plus rifampicin. This was followed either by twice-weekly isoniazid 15 mg/kg plus rifampicin 900 mg (HR2 regimen) or 600 mg (LR2 regimen), or by once-weekly isoniazid 15 mg/kg plus rifampicin 900 mg (HR1 regimen) or 600 mg (LR1 regimen). In addition, all patients received a daily capsule containing, at random, either rifampicin 25 mg or a matched placebo to see if the rifampicin supplement would reduce the incidence of adverse reactions to the drug. At 12 months, all the patients on the two twice-weekly regimens (HR2, LR2) had a favourable bacteriological status as had 97% of 102 HR1 and 93% of 112 LR1 patients. The therapeutic response was significantly better on the twice-weekly than on the once-weekly regimens (P = 0 0005), but the dose size of rifampicin did not have a statistically significant effect. Adverse reactions to intermittent rifampicin occurred in 25% of the HR1 patients but on the other three regimens their incidence was low. The incidence of rifampicin-dependent antibodies was higher, ranging from 48% (HR1) to 24% (LR2). The effect of dose size on the incidence of the "flu" syndrome (the commonest reaction) and of antibodies was statistically significant (P less than 0-01 and less than 0-001, respectively). The interval between doses affected the incidence of the "flu" syndrome (P less than 0-001), but not of antibodies (P greater than 0-25). The rifampicin 25 mg supplement had no effect therapeutically or on the incidence of adverse reactions or of antibodies. PMID- 53599 TI - Photocoagulation in treatment of diabetic maculopathy. Interim report of a multicentre controlled study. AB - A multicentre randomised controlled trial of xenon-arc photocoagulation for diabetic maculopathy is reported. This interim account reports the visual-acuity results of those who were followed up for up to three years. 76 patients were seen after one year, 44 after two years, and 25 after three years. Initially each patient had two similarly affected eyes of which one was treated. The treated eyes retained significantly better visual acuity than the untreated ones. Treated eyes deteriorated by 1 or 2 Snellen lines significantly less often than did untreated eyes. 8 treated and 18 untreated eyes became blind. Prognosis was best in those with initial visual acuity of 6/24 or better. PMID- 53600 TI - Role of heat-labile toxigenic Escherichia coli and Reovirus-like agent in diarrhoea in Boston children. AB - 61 Boston children aged five years or less with acute diarrhoea were studied for evidence of infection with Escherichia coli strains that produce heat-labile enterotoxin (L.T.) or with a reovirus-like agent associated with childhood gastroenteritis. This represented the first evaluation of the prevalence of disease produced by these two agents in the same population. E. coli, isolated from acute-phase stool specimens, were tested in adrenal-cell tissue-culture and adult-rabbit ileal-loop assays for L.T. Acute and convalescent phase sera, collected from 31 children, were tested by the adrenal-cell assay for anti-L.T. activity. None of the 61 children demonstrated evidence of infection with L.T. positive E. coli. Paired sera from 31 of the children studied were also tested for evidence of recent infection with the reovirus-like agent by determining titres of immunofluorescent-staining antibody to the serologically related Nebraska calf diarrhoea virus. 11 of the children (35%) had evidence of recent infection. These results suggest that an important proportion of endemic acute diarrhoea of young children in Boston is caused by the reovirus-like agent, and that disease caused by L.T.-producing E. coli is uncommon. PMID- 53601 TI - Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and idiopathic diarrhoea in Bangladesh. AB - Faecal Escherichia coli from Bangalee patients with idiopathic diarrhoea were tested in the Chinese hamster ovary cell (C.H.O.) assay to detect production of thermolabile enterotoxin (L.T.). C.H.O-positive E. coli produce both L.T. and a thermostable toxin (S.T.). C.H.O.-positive strains were found in 19.2% of all cases and in 70% of the most severely ill patients with non-vibrio cholera. E. coli which produce S.T. alone were identified in a third of the C.H.O.-negative cases. Enterotoxigenic E. coli were found in 55% of inpatients with idiopathic diarrhoea and, if an aetiological role is confirmed, may be one of the commonest causes of tropical diarrhoea. PMID- 53602 TI - Breast cancer in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - The case records of four groups of women over thirty on the books of a thyroid clinic were used to explore a possible association between breast cancer and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The index group consisted of 1810 women (10 160 person years of observation) with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and the three control groups, matched by sex, age, marital status, and residency, were selected from patients with myxoedema (essential hypothyroidism), benign nodular goitre, or hyperthyroidism. The incidence of breast cancer for the index group, though not for control groups, was significantly higher than that expected from data for the general population, suggesting that patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis are one high-risk population for breast cancer. PMID- 53603 TI - Gastric function in chronic renal failure. Effects of maintenance haemodialysis. AB - 40 patients with chronic renal failure have been studied in order to determine why some patients with azotaemia have previously been reported to secrete abnormally large amounts of acid and some to secrete very little. 15 of the 40 patients were undergoing regular haemodialysis, while the remaining 25 patients had not been so treated. 10 of the 25 non-dialysed patients had much-impaired capacity to secrete acid. The impaired gastric secretory capacity was corrected and became abnormally great after some months of regular haemodialysis in 4 patients. Regular haemodialysis, by removing factors responsible for the gastric mucosal damage, permits manifestations of an underlying gastric hypersecretory state. PMID- 53604 TI - Gallstone dissolution in man using cholic acid and lecithin. AB - Seven patients with radiolucent stones in the gallbladder and two patients with radiolucent stones in the biliary tree were treated with oral cholic acid and purified soya-bean lecithin for 6 months. In two patients the stones disappeared and in one patient the stones were reduced in size. In five patients fasting bile samples were obtained before and during treatment and assayed for cholesterol, bile acid, and phospholipid. In all five patients the lithogenic index of bile was reduced during treatment. The biliary deoxycholic acid concentration was increased and chenodeoxycholic acid concentration decreased during treatment. PMID- 53605 TI - Stimulation of luteinising hormone (L.H.) release after oral administration of an analogue of L.H. releasing hormone. AB - An analogue of luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone ([D-Leu-6, desGly-NH2-10] L.H.R.H.-ethylamide) was administered by mouth to thirteen healthy men. In eight men 10 mg of this superactive L.H.R.H. analogue significantly increased mean plasma-L.H. within 45 minutes of administration. This increase was sustained for more than 5 hours. 2 mg of the analogue did not significantly increase plasma gonadotrophin concentrations in the five men to whom this smaller dose was given. Oral administration of some L.H.R.H. analogues would seem to be effective in releasing L.H. in man. PMID- 53606 TI - Immunity to intra-erythrocytic protoza. AB - Intra-erythrocytic inclusion bodies were seen in Giemsa-stained smears of peripheral blood from mice infected with Babesia microti. These bodies, which were probably the pyknotic remnants of dead protozoa, increased as parasitaemia fell and the animal recovered. It is suggested that a soluble mediator liberated by cells of the host during infection penetrates the red blood-cell and leads to degeneration of the parasite. PMID- 53607 TI - Von Willebrand disease as an endothelial-cell abnormality. PMID- 53608 TI - Editorial: E. coli enteritis. PMID- 53609 TI - Editorial: Specific immunoglobulin in prevention of hepatitis B. PMID- 53610 TI - Editorial: Damaging action. PMID- 53612 TI - Editorial: New drug treatment for Cushing's disease. PMID- 53611 TI - Editorial: Dangers in eternal youth. PMID- 53613 TI - Editorial: Health policy devolved. PMID- 53614 TI - Editorial: Propranolol plus digoxin in angina pectoris. PMID- 53615 TI - How barefoot? Next steps for the medical auxiliary. AB - The arguments for and against medical auxiliaries are over and interest must now shift to ways of maximising their effectiveness. An important issue is to what extent the findings of high-technology medicine can be successfully combined with the barefoot concept of delivery. An important question for the future is to what extent they can be applied by the individual to himself. PMID- 53616 TI - Presenting features and diagnosis of rabies. AB - The early clinical features important in the establishment of a diagnosis of rabies are described from experience of 23 fatal cases in Sri Lanka. The importance of the "fan test" as a diagnostic sign is stressed. The earliest features of the disease may suggest hysteria if a history of a bite from a rabid animal is not obtained. In a district in which there is an outbreak of rabies cases of rabies hysteria may also develop. PMID- 53617 TI - Letter: Elevated amniotic-fluid alpha-fetoprotein without neural-tube defects. PMID- 53618 TI - Letter: Screening for neural-tube defects. PMID- 53619 TI - Letter: Racial variation in maternal serum-alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 53620 TI - Letter: Prevalence and duration of undetected breast cancer. PMID- 53621 TI - Letter: Fluorocarbons and the ozone shield. PMID- 53622 TI - Letter: Screening for breast cancer. PMID- 53623 TI - Letter: Ectopic pregnancy and the I.U.D. PMID- 53624 TI - Letter: Staffing problems in anatomy. PMID- 53625 TI - Letter: alpha-Fetoprotein in Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 53626 TI - Letter: Maternal nutrition and low birth-weight. PMID- 53627 TI - Letter: Intrauterine nutrition and babies' hair. PMID- 53628 TI - Letter: Hair-zinc concentrations in diabetic children. PMID- 53629 TI - Letter: Urinary dimethyltryptamine in psychiatric patients. PMID- 53630 TI - Letter: Urinary-tract infection in children. PMID- 53631 TI - Letter: Asthma and cancer mortality. PMID- 53632 TI - Letter: Short practice of clinical psychiatry. PMID- 53633 TI - Letter: Appendicitis and mimicking conditions. PMID- 53634 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. PMID- 53635 TI - Letter: Drug treatment in Crohn's disease. PMID- 53636 TI - Letter: How do doctors learn about drugs? PMID- 53637 TI - Letter: Preparation for colonic surgery. PMID- 53638 TI - Letter: Streptozotocin in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 53639 TI - Letter: Red-cell changes in hypothyroidism. PMID- 53640 TI - Letter: Endoscopy and transmission of hepatitis B. PMID- 53641 TI - Letter: Glucose-tolerance tests in HL-A-typed relatives of patients with juvenile onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 53642 TI - Letter: Measurement of plasma-glucose levels in the side-room. PMID- 53643 TI - Letter: False-positive acid-fast smears. PMID- 53644 TI - Letter: Geographical distribution of tic douloureux in Essex. PMID- 53645 TI - Letter: High-altitude cerebral oedema. PMID- 53646 TI - Letter: Reye's syndrome. PMID- 53647 TI - Letter: Gastric-aspirate lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. PMID- 53648 TI - Letter: Potentiation of warfarin by co-trimoxazole. PMID- 53649 TI - Letter: Dangers of petrol used as solvent. PMID- 53650 TI - Letter: Zinc and diodoquin in acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 53651 TI - Letter: Elemental diets. PMID- 53652 TI - Letter: Natriuresis after diluted ethanol solutions. PMID- 53653 TI - George Frederick Rowbotham. PMID- 53654 TI - Treatment of inoperable carcinoma of bronchus. AB - A randomised prospective trial comparing "no immediate treatment" with single and multiple agent chemotherapy in 188 patients with inoperable carcinoma of the bronchus is reported. No immediate treatment proved a significantly better policy both for patients' survival and for quality of remaining life. PMID- 53655 TI - Bromocriptine therapy in acromegaly. AB - Bromocriptine (CB-154, Sandoz) has been given to 21 acromegalic patients (11 female, 10 male) for a period of 6-10 months. The mean serum growth-hormone (G.H.) levels ranged from 10 mug/1 to 512 mug/1 before therapy. Bromocriptine suppressed G.H. values to 5 mug/1 or less in 4 patients and to less than 10 mug/1 in a further 8 patients, but in 2 patients G.H. levels did not show any significant reduction. Bromocriptine did not block stress-induced G.H. secretion. It did not distrub pituitary function other than secretion of prolactin and had negligible side-effects. Its effect on tumour size is uncertain and it is therefore unsuitable for patients with suprasellar extension of the tumour. Otherwise it seems reasonable to offer a trial of bromocriptine to all patients with acromegaly where therapy is deemed necessary. In those who show a full response of G.H. levels with a dose of 20-40 mg of bromocriptine per day, external radiation to the pituitary can be used to prevent tumour expansion and bromocriptine withdrawn at intervals to assess the effect of the radiation. In patients with a partial response to bromocriptine, the decision to offer alternative therapy depends on the extent of the response and on the age and medical condition of the patient. In patients who fail to respond to bromocriptine, particularly those younger patients with active disease, more definitive local treatment (e.g., trans-sphenoidal removal of the tumour or yttrium-90 implantation) would be indicated. Bromocriptine may also be used with benefit in the large number of patients who have shown a partial response to other forms of therapy. PMID- 53656 TI - Treatment of osteoporosis of ageing with 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol. AB - Seven patients with osteoporosis of ageing were treated with synthetic 1alpha hydroxycholecalciferol (1alpha-H.C.C.) for 3-4 months. The compound was given at a daily oral dose of 2 mug together with an oral supplement of 1 g of calcium. Clinically there was a striking improvement in the patients' physical fitness. Increased bone formation and mineralisation were seen on iliac-crest bone biopsy, and this was supported by an increased osteoblastic activity demonstrated by histochemical measurement of alkaline-phosphatase activity. Bone histology furthermore showed a reduced bone resorption, which was supported by a reduced urinary excretion of total hydroxyproline. Photon absorptiometry of the forearm accorded with the histological findings, showing a significant increase in the bone mineral content. Serum-calcium rose in all patients, one developing a severe transitory hypercalcaemia. The urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium increased significantly. The serum concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and parathyroid hormone were not significantly affected by the treatment. It is concluded that 1alpha-H.C.C. is an effective tool in the treatment of senile osteoporosis. PMID- 53657 TI - Incidence and clinical significance of e antigen and antibody in acute and chronic liver disease. AB - "e" is a serum antigen associated with type-B hepatitis. It is found only in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive sera, but is antigenically distinct from HBsAg. e antigen was not detected in the serum of any of 99 cases of acute type-B hepatitis who recovered normally. Its antibody, anti-e, was found in 14 (14%). The antibody usually appeared before clearance of HBsAg and before appearance of HBsAb. Serum e was not detected in any of 29 symptom-free carriers of HBsAg, but 21 (73%) showed anti-e. Serum e was found in chronic active hepatitis (44%) and chronic persistent hepatitis (31%). The antibody, however, was detected in only 2 of 79 patients with chronic active hepatitis but in 7 (44%) of chronic persistent hepatitis. Serum e was not found in 5 patients with primary liver-cell carcinoma or 5 with inactive HBsAg-positive cirrhosis. The antibody was, however, found in all 5 of those with inactive cirrhosis and in 4 of the 5 with primary cancer. These results suggest that the presence of e antigen is associated with active and usually continuing liver disease. Anti-e, however, is associated with inactive liver disease and asymptomatic carriage of HBsAg, and its presence must be regarded as a valuable sign in predicting those who will escape progressive chronic liver disease. PMID- 53658 TI - e antigen and anti-e in HBsAg carriers. AB - A new antigen/antibody system, "e" and anti-e, was described in 1972. In order to assess the clinical significance of e antigen and anti-e, their presence was correlated with the clinical status, S.G.P.T. levels and liver biopsies of HBsAg carriers. 31 of the carriers had liver biopsies, 32 of 70 carriers had anti-e and 2 had e antigen. 28 of 55 carriers with normal S.G.P.T. and 4 of 15 patients with raised S.G.P.T. had anti-e. This difference is not statistically significant. 2 patients with e had raised S.G.P.T. All patients with normal histology, 45% of patients with mild, and 23% of patients with striking histological changes in the liver had anti-e. This association of anti-e with a normal or mildly abnormal liver was statistically significant. The 2 patients with e antigen had the most severe abnormalities in liver function and liver histology. PMID- 53659 TI - Controlled trial of prophylactic antibiotics in minor wounds requiring suture. AB - Minor wounds presenting in the accident department requiring suture were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups: an intramuscular injection of 1-25 megaunits of penicillin as a long-acting depot preparation, local wound irrigation with 100mg of tetracycline in solution, or no antibiotics. All wounds had a standard surgical toilet and were closed under aseptic conditions. Wound infections were noted five to seven days after suture, and in the two groups receiving antibiotics 23% of the wounds were infected whilst in the control group the frequency was 7%. The wisdom of using routine antibiotic prophylaxis in minor wounds is questioned. PMID- 53660 TI - R factors in gentamicin-resistant organisms causing hospital infection. AB - An abrupt increase in gentamicin-resistant isolates was noted in the Manhattan Veterans Administration Hospital in 1973 and 1974. Bacteraemic infection occurred in 17 patients, 9 of whom died. R factors mediating gentamicin resistance were demonstrated in 34 of 36 strains. Organisms from 9 of 11 patients transferred a resistance pattern common to all other isolates from that patient, suggesting in vivo interbacterial spread of the R factor. PMID- 53661 TI - Immunological observations on patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and on the role of de-novo purine synthesis in lymphocyte transformation. AB - Three patients with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome were found to have normal delayed hypersensitivity, peripheral-blood T-lymphocyte counts, lymphocyte responses to P.H.A., and serum IgM, IgA, and IgE levels. However, the percentages of B lymphocytes, IgG levels, serum-isohaemagglutinin titres, and lymphocyte responses to pokeweed mitogen (P.W.M.) were subnormal. These observations suggest that activity of the salvage pathway of purine synthesis catalysed by hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (H.G.P.R.T.) is not required for the responses of T-lymphocytes to mitogenic or antigenic stimulation, but may contribute to the proliferation and function of B lymphocytes. The major role of the de-novo pathway of purine synthesis in human lymphocyte responses to mitogenic or antigenic stimulation is shown by the effects of inhibitors of this pathway, including immunosuppressive agents, and by the effects of congenital deficiency or inhibition of adenosine deaminase. PMID- 53662 TI - Mechanisms of reflex cardiac arrest in tetraplegic patients. AB - Four patients with physiologically complete high cervical spinal-cord lesions, sustained within the previous 6 weeks, were observed. All needed intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. In the stage of spinal shock, stimuli to the trachea induced bradycardia, and in two patients cardiac arrest resulted. The bradycardia occurred when the patients were hypoxic, and seemed to be due to a vaso-vagal reflex. Normally this reflex is opposed by sympathetic activity, and during hypoxia by increased pulmonary (inflation) vagal reflex activity due to increased breathing. In these patients, however, compensatory sympathetic activity was prevented by the cervical cord lesion, and increased pulmonary vagal reflex activity by the fact that the breathing was artificial and therefore did not increase with hypoxia. Treatment in emergency includes the administration of atropine. Adequate oxygenation and, if this cannot be achieved, maintenance atropin should prevent the bradycardia and cardiac arrest associated with stimulation of the trachea in artificially ventilated tetraplegic patients. PMID- 53663 TI - Interaction of maternal and neonatal cells in mixed-lymphocyte cultures. AB - One-way and two-way mixed-lymphocyte cultures of cells from male newborn infants and their parents were studied. The tests between the lymphocytes of the parental pairs in the one-way system, in which one population stimulates and the other responds, indicated that maternal lymphocytic response was not generally depressed. However, there was some evidence that the response of the maternal cells was depressed when the cells of the newborn infant were stimulatory. When both maternal and neonatal lymphocytes were viable and the origin of the dividing cells was monitored by using sex chromosomes as markers, it was clearly shown that the division of maternal cells was inhibited, most of the metaphases being XY. The mechanism of this inhibition may depend on contact between viable cells or on the liberation of inhibitory factors by the neonatal cells. PMID- 53664 TI - Editorial: Paracetamol hepatotoxicity. PMID- 53665 TI - Editorial: e and anti-e. PMID- 53666 TI - Editorial: Pregnancy-associated macroglobulin. PMID- 53667 TI - Editorial: Brief anaesthesia and recovery. PMID- 53668 TI - Editorial: The other side of fluphenazine. PMID- 53669 TI - Editorial: Much in jeopardy. PMID- 53670 TI - Editorial: Renin in international units. PMID- 53671 TI - Incongruous referrals. AB - A survey of 1344 patients registered at a new health centre in Glasgow assessed the prevalence of symptoms and referrals together with subjective, gradings of medical symptoms in terms of pain, disability, and perceived seriousness, and of social symptoms in terms of worry or inconvenience. These grading scales were used to define referral behaviour which appeared to be incongruous in the light of the respondents' own perceptions of their symptoms. In this way incongruous referrals indicated the size of the medical and social symptom "iceberg" and "trivia". For both medical and social symptoms the "icebergs" were larger than the "trivia"; the medical-symptom "iceberg" was two to three times greater than the medical-symptom "trivia". PMID- 53672 TI - Mortality study of workers in a polyvinyl-chloride production plant. AB - Age-standardised mortality-rates for a population of 2100 male workers exposed to vinyl chloride for periods of up to 27 years do not show any excess of total or cause-specific mortality. 1 case of angiosarcoma of the liver was identified just outside the study period. There was no suggestion of an increased frequency of deaths from the more common malignant diseases. PMID- 53673 TI - Letter: Survival in acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 53674 TI - Letter: Management of possible appendicitis. PMID- 53675 TI - Letter: How do doctors learn about drugs? PMID- 53676 TI - Letter: Pleural effusions after practolol. PMID- 53677 TI - Letter: Skin eruption due to clofibrate. PMID- 53678 TI - Letter: Possible reaction to prostaglandins. PMID- 53679 TI - Letter: Prothrombin-complex concentrate in treatment of classical haemophilia with factor-VIII antibody. PMID- 53680 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 53681 TI - Letter: Lymphocyte transformation in vitro to paramyxovirus antigens in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 53682 TI - Letter: Cytotoxicity in normal and multiple-sclerosis sera against mouse cells expressing theta-antigen. PMID- 53683 TI - Letter: Granulocytopenia and no infections. PMID- 53684 TI - Letter: Defect of neutrophil microbicidal function. PMID- 53685 TI - Letter: New familial defect in microbicidal function of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. PMID- 53686 TI - Letter: Radiation and pituitary function in children. PMID- 53687 TI - Letter: Tubal pregnancy and failed sterilisation. PMID- 53688 TI - Letter: Our lives and hard times. PMID- 53689 TI - Letter: Metacarpophalangeal joint arthroplasties. PMID- 53690 TI - Letter: Bran and blood-lipids. PMID- 53691 TI - Letter: Uracil in transfer factor. PMID- 53692 TI - Letter: Blood-transfusion in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 53693 TI - Letter: Acetylspermidines in human urine. PMID- 53694 TI - Letter: Screening for neural-tube defects. PMID- 53695 TI - Letter: Vertical transmission of hepatitis-B surface antigen. PMID- 53696 TI - Letter: Is a villous adenoma of the rectum an endocrine tumour? PMID- 53697 TI - Letter: Rosette-forming lymphocytes in cervical in-situ carcinoma. PMID- 53698 TI - Letter: Screening for tuberculosis in patients with pneumoconiosis. PMID- 53699 TI - Letter: Salbutamol aerosol in premature labour. PMID- 53700 TI - Letter: Food: influence of form on absorption. PMID- 53701 TI - Letter: Pentasomy of X chromosome. PMID- 53702 TI - Letter: Encouraging breast-feeding. PMID- 53703 TI - Letter: Membrane fragments with koinozymic properties released from villous adenoma of the rectum. PMID- 53704 TI - Letter: Coffee-drinking and myocardial infarction. PMID- 53705 TI - Letter: Rashes in congenital rubella. PMID- 53706 TI - Letter: HLA-b8 and serum-cholesterol. PMID- 53707 TI - Letter: Age-dependent sensitivity to salicylate. PMID- 53708 TI - Letter: Stability of serum oleate and linoleate levels after oral administration of oleic acid. PMID- 53709 TI - Letter: G-banding with heat treatment. PMID- 53710 TI - Letter: Relevance of "significant bacteriuria" to aetiology and diagnosis of urinary-tract infection. PMID- 53711 TI - Letter: Simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of acute adrenocortical insufficiency. PMID- 53712 TI - Letter: Septicaemia due to porcine streptococci. PMID- 53713 TI - Letter: Treatment of Wilson's disease. PMID- 53715 TI - Edward Kenneth Pritchard. PMID- 53714 TI - Letter: Type-iv hyperlipidaemia. PMID- 53716 TI - Peter Arbuthnot Lane Chapple. PMID- 53717 TI - Thomas Scott. PMID- 53718 TI - Frederick Ronald Chistopher Casson. PMID- 53719 TI - Comparative study of different insulin regimens in management of diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - 36 patients in severe diabetic ketoacidosis were studied prospectively. All patients were treated with small doses of insulin, the first 18 by the intramuscular route and the remainder by continuous intravenous infusion. These patients were compared with 25 ketoacidotic patients who were treated with large intravenous boluses of insulin. With the intramuscular regimen there was a slower fall of blood-sugar than with intravenous insulin administered either in boluses or as a continuous infusion. The acidosis took longer to correct when small doses of insulin were used. In practice a long time interval between correction of the hyperglycaemia and correction of the acidosis may be a problem when the continuous infusion of insulin is used. Potassium requirements during treatment were identical (30-40 mmol/l fluid infused) and independent of the insulin regimen. However, small doses of insulin led to a poor retention of potassium. In the management of diabetic ketoacidosis the mode of administration of insulin is of limited significance, and small doses, although effective in most cases, are not clearly superior to conventional treatment with large doses. PMID- 53720 TI - Combination therapy for advanced resistant Hodgkin's disease. AB - Thirty-nine patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease (H.D.) resistant to standard combinations of cytotoxic drugs were treated with C.C.N.U., vinblastine and bleomycin (C.V.B.). Ten patients (25%) achieved complete remission (C.R.) and seven of these are still in C.R. at the time of this report. A further 23 patients (59%) achieved partial remissions. The overall response-rate was thus 85%. C.C.N.U. caused less nausea and vomiting than that usually associated with nitrogen mustard. C.C.N.U. and vinblastine caused myelosuppression, but C.V.B. could be administered every 4 weeks to 21 (54%) of the 39 patients. A combination of cytotoxic drugs such as C.V.B. may be preferable to single agents in the treatment of patients with advanced resistant H.D. PMID- 53721 TI - Adherence and blood-pressure response to hypertension treatment. AB - 2 years of experience in the first phase of a large cooperative national hypertension programme yielded data indicating that a good level of patient adherence can be achieved and that satisfactory blood-pressure control can be maintained long term. For 116 participants, all employed persons, dropout in the first year was 20% but only 3% dropped out in the second year. At the second annual examination, 82% of those still in the programme had diastolic pressures under 90 mm Hg, with an average reduction of 18 mm Hg. Thus, nearly two-thirds (64%) of all patients originally enrolled were both active and with normal levels of blood-pressure after two years. Only 18% of active programme-treated patients had diastolic pressure 90 mm Hg or higher at the second anniversary in contrast with 33% of patients referred to their own doctors. In programme-treated patients, standard medication was used; diuretics effectively lowered blood pressure in a third of patients, and diuretics plus reserpine were effective for another 20%. Special features of the programme included assistance to physicians by health counsellor therapists. Methods for achieving a high adherence-rate and satisfactory blood-pressure control probably have wider applicability. PMID- 53722 TI - Intentional radioiodine ablation in Graves' disease. AB - In a series of 50 cases of Graves' disease qualifying for therapy with radioiodine, "ablative" doses of radioiodine resulted in hypothyroidism in 92% of cases at six months. Hypothyroidism was treated by thyroxine or tri-iodothyronine replacement therapy. Rapid responses and predictable outcome were regarded as important advantages. Intentional ablation is particularly convenient in situations where clinical and biochemical follow-up may be difficult. Further follow-up studies are needed to determine whether ablative therapy is the treatment of choice in all cases of Graves' disease. PMID- 53723 TI - Measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone in dried blood spot. AB - Blood T.S.H. (thyroid-stimulating hormone) was measured by radioimmunoassay in dried blood spotted onto filter-paper and obtained during screening of the newborn for metabolic disorders. By this method, the detection limit for blood T.S.H. was 5--10 muU/ml, which is the approximate upper limit of normal for blood T.S.H. T.S.H. values obtained on dried blood correlated well with those obtained on serum from the same subjects. Duplication of the assay in a single sample is not necessary. This method picked up a case of primary hypothyroidism in a four year-old girl with symptoms. Since the technique is simple and sensitive enough for the detection of hypothyroidism, it could be valuable in mass-screening for congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 53724 TI - Natural course of symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - Out of 18 subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis (S.A.T.) 5 (28%) became hypothyroid within 4 to 39 months of observation, whereas 13 (72%) remained euthyroid up to atleast 28 to 50 months. In all those who developed hypothyroidism the basal serum level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.) was already initially above normal (normal range 1-6--6-9 muU/ml) and 4 had markedly elevated concentrations (less than 19 muU/ml). All those subjects developing hypothyroidism also had initially an exaggerated response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (T.R.H.) (upper normal limit, delta T.S.H. 30 muU/ml), and in 4 the response was much exaggerated (delta T.S.H. less than 70 muU/ml). In 3 of these subjects the basal T.S.H. and the response to T.R.H. were reassessed before starting the substitution therapy and in all there was a further increase in both values. The basal serum T.S.H. was initially also slightly increased in 2 and the response to T.R.H. slightly above normal in 4 subjects who remained euthyroid. The basal T.S.H. level became normal in both cases with elevated values; and the response to T.R.H. declined to a normal level in 3 of the latter 4 subjects, but showed a further increase in 1. The thyroglobulin antibody (TgA) titres were initially significantly elevated in 15 subjects and the thyroid microsomal antibodies (MsA) in 1. The TgA titres decreased during the observation period in all but 1 subject and a similar trend was observed as regards the MsA titres. It is concluded that within a few years of observation a substantial number of subjects with S.A.T. will be hypothyroid. A definitively increased basal serum T.S.H. level and a markedly exaggerated response to T.R.H. in the symptomless stage of the disease is connected with a high risk of late hypothyroidism. PMID- 53725 TI - Smooth-muscle antibodies in infertility. AB - Sera from 77 infertile women and 77 post-partum controls were examined for autoantibodies by indirect immunogluorescence. 27 (35%) of the infertile group had smooth-muscle antibody compared with 2 (3%) controls. Significantly more infertile patients had anti-nuclear factor, and reticulin antibodies were also more commonly found in this group. The differences for organ-specific autoantibodies between the two groups were not significant. There was no correlation between the occurrence of smooth-muscle antibodies and immunofluorescent anti-sperm antibodies. The high frequency of smooth-muscle antibodies in infertile women requires further study to determine whether an underlying viral infection is involved. PMID- 53726 TI - Preparation of the bowel by whole-gut irrigation. AB - Experience with whole-gut irrigation as a method of bowel preparation in eightyone patients is described. The mean (+/-S.D.) weight-gain during irrigation was 1-9 +/- 0-8 kg; potassium losses in the effluent after one hour (4-0 +/- 2-5 g) were not significantly altered by adding potassium chloride to the irrigant. Eight irrigations were unsatisfactory, three being due to unrecognised obstructive neoplasms. The method provided excellent preparation for colonoscopy and large-bowel resection with anastomosis and was well tolerated by the patients. PMID- 53727 TI - Intraportal insulin protects from the liver injury of portacaval shunt in dogs. AB - 4 days after portacaval shunt, the livers of normal dogs had pronounced atrophy and other structural abnormalities. These changes were greatly reduced in the left liver lobes, but not in the right, by a constant infusion to the left portal vein of insulin in non-hypoglycaemic doses. These experimental findings should have implications in clinical medicine. PMID- 53728 TI - Immunotherapy of non-clinical vaginal cancer. AB - In six women who had had a hysterectomy and three or more vaginal smears positive for malignant cells but no symptoms, a course of immunotherapy, based on delayed hypersensitivity reaction to dinitrochlorobenzene, was tried. Repeat smears done every three months have all been normal, and the patients were well when last seen 2-35 months after treatment. PMID- 53729 TI - Functional subdivision of islets of Langerhans and possible role of D cells. AB - Immunocytochemical examination of the islets of Langerhans in various animal species, including man, indicates that insulin-producing cells (B cells), glucagon-producing cells (A cells), and cells producing somatostatin or a somatostatin-like peptide (D cells) are not randomly arranged within the islet. Whenever A cells are found in the islet--i.e., mostly in its peripheral part- they are accompanied by D cells. However, most B cells, which occupy a central position, are in contact only with other B cells. In view of the inhibitory effect of somatostatin on both insulin and glucagon secretion, it is suggested that the arrangement of A, B and D cells is important to the normal and pathological functioning of the islet. PMID- 53730 TI - Editorial: Insulin and the liver. PMID- 53731 TI - Editorial: Glycerol in acute cerebral infarction. PMID- 53732 TI - Editorial: Sense of humour. PMID- 53733 TI - Editorial: Junior hospital doctors. PMID- 53734 TI - Outlook in Perthes' disease. PMID- 53735 TI - Impact of change to early diagnosis and surgery in major upper gastrointestinal bleeding. AB - The diagnostic, operation, and mortality rates in two series of patients with major upper gastrointestinal bleeding have been compared. In one (1968-69) patients were admitted to medical wards, radiology was the only investigation, and few were operated on. In 1972-74 a more vigorous policy was adopted with investigation by both radiology and endoscopy, more (and earlier) surgery, and intensive care by a surgical team. Failure to reach a diagnosis fell from 38-9% to 5-7%; the operation-rate increased; transfusion requirements decreased; and mortality in both operated (47% v. 11%) and non-operated (17% v. 8%) fell. A policy of early and vigorous investigation and management by a surgical team is urged for patients presenting with severe bleeding from the duodenum, stomach, or oesophagus. PMID- 53736 TI - Changing patterns of bacterial resistance in relation to prophylactic use of cephaloridine and therapeutic use of ampicillin. AB - Antibiotic sensitivities of 15302 organisms of common pathogenic species isolated in one hospital pathology department in 1971 and 1974 have been studied. Resistance to cephaloridine did not change materially. The proportion of strains resistant to ampicillin did, however, increase, and this is attributed to the widespread therapeutic use of the antibiotic. Cephaloridine, on the other hand, was largely used in the hospital as a single-dose, intra-incisional prophylactic against surgical wound sepsis. PMID- 53737 TI - Letter: Survival in acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 53738 TI - Letter: HLA-D on sperm is haploid, enabling use of sperm for HLA-D typing. PMID- 53739 TI - Letter: Alcohol-associated pancreatitis in a 15-year-old. PMID- 53740 TI - Letter: Incidence of pancreatitis. PMID- 53741 TI - Letter: Incidence of conjoined twinning. PMID- 53742 TI - Letter: Offspring of parents with spina bifida occulta. PMID- 53743 TI - Letter: Elderly fathers and the frequency of recessive conditions. PMID- 53744 TI - Letter: Early breast cancer and postoperative irradiation. PMID- 53745 TI - Letter: Screening for presymptomatic breast cancer. PMID- 53746 TI - Letter: Breast prosthesis. PMID- 53747 TI - Letter: Drug treatment in Crohn's disease. PMID- 53748 TI - Letter: Experts and amateurs in stroke therapy. PMID- 53749 TI - Letter: Irritable-bowel syndrome. PMID- 53750 TI - Letter Normal=10 +/- 2. PMID- 53751 TI - Letter: Ectopic pregnancy and the I.U.C.D. PMID- 53752 TI - Letter: Do dietary lectins protect against colonic cancer? PMID- 53753 TI - Letter: Stabiliser for long-term indwelling catheters. PMID- 53754 TI - Letter: Congenital anomalies and clomiphene. PMID- 53755 TI - Letter: Side-effects of intravenous Corynebacterium parvum. PMID- 53756 TI - Letter: Ventricular tachycardia caused by the diving reflex. PMID- 53757 TI - Letter: Pretransplant blood-transfusion. PMID- 53758 TI - Letter: Allergy in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 53759 TI - Letter: Liver biopsy in early syphilitic hepatitis. PMID- 53760 TI - Letter: T-cell origin of acid-phosphatase-positive lymphoblasts. PMID- 53761 TI - Letter: Ozone, parathyroiditis, and femoral fractures. PMID- 53762 TI - Letter: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis. PMID- 53763 TI - Letter: 99mTc-pertechnetate scanning in capsulitis. PMID- 53764 TI - Letter: Hormonal contraception or therapy and altered immunity. PMID- 53765 TI - Letter: Measles-virus-induced migration inhibition of human leucocytes: an immunologically unspecific phenomenon? PMID- 53766 TI - Charles Stuart Leithead. PMID- 53767 TI - Letter: Joint infection by Pasteurella multocida. PMID- 53768 TI - William Robert Henderson. PMID- 53769 TI - [On the absorption of decongestive nose-drops-investigation with a radioactive labelled imidazoline-derivate (author's transl)]. AB - In animal experiments, the absorption of a nasal decongestive substance after application to the nasal mucosa was studied. After an exposition-time of 60 minutes, about 1% of the substance applied could be measured in the total blood volume. An incorporation of the substance into proteins of the nasal mucosa could not be found. By means of frozen-section-autoradiography, the way of the applied decongestive substance through the mucosa could be investigated. The reasons for the relative small absorption rate are discussed. The chemical structure and the vasoconstrictory effect probably are reliable for that. PMID- 53770 TI - Localization of laryngeal motor neurons in the kitten. AB - In a series of 12 newborn kittens, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to trace retrograde axoplasmic flow in the motor neurons to laryngeal muscles. The animals were sacrificed 24 hours after injection of HRP into a specific laryngeal muscle, and the brain stems were stained for peroxidase. This clear-cut colorimetric method permitted the localization of the motor neurons in two nuclei of the ipsilateral brain stem. These are the nucleus ambiguus and the retrofacial nucleus. The primary source of laryngeal motor supply is the nucleus ambiguus. All the laryngeal muscles were represented here in two divisions. Adductor neurons were located in the dorsal division and were more loosely arranged in the lateral reticular formation. The abductor neurons of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle formed the compact ventral division of the nucleus ambiguus and were fewer in number than adductor neurons by a factor of four to one. Since the expiratory and inspiratory centers are also located dorsally and ventrally in the brain stem reticular formation, the motor cells of the nucleus ambiguus are conveniently arranged to receive their afferent input. This arrangement is probably the result of phylogenetic development of abductor laryngeal function and pulmonary function in lower forms. A second source of laryngeal innervation is the retrofacial nucleus. This small nucleus is situated rostral to the nucleus ambiguus and is made up of small and medium-sized neurons of at least two types. Only the cricothyroid (CT) and posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscles were shown to have significant innervation from this nucleus. The CT neurons were located peripherally while the PCA cells occupied the central portion of the nucleus. The functional significance of this nucleus is unknown, but it is suggested that it may have something to do with the various types of muscle units that have been demonstrated physiologically in the CT and PCA muscles. PMID- 53771 TI - Effect of anti-sperm gamma globulins on metabolism of human spermatozoa. PMID- 53772 TI - [Evaluation of a learning programme in connection with the media]. PMID- 53773 TI - [Plasma proteins in liver diseases as a diagnostic parameters]. PMID- 53774 TI - Structure and dynamic properties of ion-specific antibiotics. PMID- 53775 TI - Potassium pores of nerve and muscle membranes. PMID- 53777 TI - [General principles for microscopy (dyestuffs, preparation methods)]. PMID- 53776 TI - Inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis in yeast. PMID- 53778 TI - Media selection for education in the allied health sciences. PMID- 53779 TI - Ototoxic therapeutic agents. PMID- 53780 TI - Evolution of modern teaching methods: tourner en rond. PMID- 53781 TI - Antigenic relationship between the surface antigens of avian and equine influenze viruses. AB - Influenza virus Equine 1 (A/equine/Prague/56) has a hemagglutinin which is antigenically related to the hemagglutinin of fowl plague virus strain Rostock (FPV) and a neuraminidase which cross-reacts with the enzyme of virus N (A/chick/Germany/49). After a single injection of chickens with Equine 1 virus no hemagglutination inhibiting (HI) and neutralizing antibodies against FPV can be demonstrated, although the birds are fully protected against a lethal dose of FPV. HI and neutralizing antibodies against FPV appear after a second injection of Equine 1 virus several weeks after the first one. Liberation of newly sunthesized FPV from the host cell is ingibited by antibodies cross-reacting with any antigen of virus surface. PMID- 53782 TI - [Transvesical hemostatic adenomectomy]. PMID- 53783 TI - Serum alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels in patients with non-seminomatous germ cell testicular cancer. PMID- 53784 TI - DNA-synthesis on giant nuclear RNA by AMV DNA polymerase. AB - The reverse transcription of pre-mRNA isolated from rat liver or mouse Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells with the aid of hot phenol fractionation technique is described. Pre-mRNA isolated at 85 degrees C is a more active template than the 65 degree C fraction. The addition of oligo(dT) as a primer strongly stimulated the template activity of the 65 degree C fraction. The size of product corresponds to a sedimentation value of 7 S as measured in alkaline sucrose gradient and is essentially less than the size of template. PMID- 53785 TI - Bence-Jones proteins and light chains of immunoglobulins (first of two parts). PMID- 53786 TI - Histamine (first of two parts). PMID- 53787 TI - Reverse transcriptase in leukocytes of leukemic patients in remission. AB - A cytoplasmic particulate fraction from human leukemic cells has been shown to contain reverse transcriptase and its associated high-molecular weight RHA template. We attempted to detect the reverse-transcriptase-template complex in morphologically normal peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with acute leukemia in complete remission. Our assay system consisted of a velocity glycerol gradient and cesium sulfate equilibrium gradient analysis of the endogenous reverse transcriptase reaction product. Three of nine patients in remission had positive reactions determined by glycerol gradient analysis, and eight of 10 patients in remission had positive reactions by cesium sulfate gradient analysis. We were unable to detect the template complex in leukocytes of normal persons. Thus, normal-appearing leukocytes in the peripheral blood of some leukemia patients in remission seem to retain a number of biochemical characteristics, possibly viral related, associated with leukemic cells. PMID- 53788 TI - Bence-Jones proteins and light chains of immunoglobulins (second of two parts). PMID- 53789 TI - Surface markers and prognostic factors in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - We investigated the surface markers on lymphoblasts from 37 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E rosettes) identified T cells and the presence of surface immunoglobulin identified B cells. Eight patients had T-marker lymphoblasts; 28 had no markers (null lymphoblasts), and one patient had B-marker lymphoblasts. The eight patients with T-marker acute lymphoblastic leukemia had massive leukemic infiltration, frequently a mediastinal mass, and a poor prognosis. The T-marker lymphoblasts had a weak or negative periodic acid-Schiff reaction and a very low antigenic stimulation to allogeneic lymphocytes. The association of T-marker lymphoblasts and some of the conventional poor-risk factors appears to be reliable in predicting a poor prognosis. PMID- 53790 TI - Immunological cross reactivity between testicular androgen-binding protein and serum testosterone-binding globulin. PMID- 53791 TI - Distinction between nerve growth factor anf glial factor. PMID- 53792 TI - Recognition of self from non-self in crustaceans. PMID- 53793 TI - Intraaxonal and extraaxonal transport of 125I-tetanus toxin in early local tetanus. AB - The distribution of radioactivity in the sciatic nerve, the spinal ganglia, the ventral roots and the spinal cord was studied by means of histoautoradiography after injection of 125I-labelled tetanus toxin into gastrocnemius muscles of cats. In the sciatic nerve the major part of the radioactivity was found in the epineurium, but some axons also contained radioactivity. In the ventral root the radioactivity was strictly confined to a few axons; no radioactivity was found in other parts of the ventral root. In the spinal cord the radioactivity was confined to a few motoneurones where it was found in the soma as well as in the dendrites. Transient cooling of the ventral roots prevented the ascent of radioactivity into the spinal cord. Colchicine and vinblastine, after local application to the sciatic nerve, reduced the amount of radioactivity found in the ventral roots and in the spinal cord. However, the same effect was also obtained but to a lesser degree with lumicolchicine. It is concluded that the intraaxonal compartment is involved in the neural ascent of tetanus toxin into the spinal cord. PMID- 53794 TI - Biodegradation of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane. VI. The cechlorination of alpha hexachlorocyclohexane by microsomes and cytosol of rat liver. AB - Alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) is dechlorinated by enzymes contained in rat liver cytosol and microsomes. An evidence was obtained that in the cytosol there are two alpha-HCH dechlorinating enzymes at least; one operates only in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalyzes dechlorinations associated with the formation of another hydrophilic product. This product is probably a conjugate of the alpha-HCH-residue with GSH. The other cytoplasmic alpha-HCH dechlorinase requires no additions. The microsomes, too, contain two alpha-HC dechlorinases at least: one is stimulated by GSH, the other by NADPH. PMID- 53795 TI - Demonstration of synthesis of beta-trace protein in different tissues of squirrel monkey. AB - The sites of synthesis of the low molecular weight beta-trace protein, present in a seven times higher concentration in normal human CSF than in normal human serum, have been studied by means of a radioactive immunoprecipitation method. Adult squirrel monkey tissues were cultured in Eagle's minimum essential medium in the presence of 14C-labelled valine, threonine and leucine for 24 hours. Synthesis could be demonstrated in cultures of white CNS matter, whereas cultures of grey CNS matter, peripheral nerve, skeletal muscle, kidney and ovary did not show any signs of synthesis. Some cultures of spinal cord, basal ganglia, genital organs except ovary, and liver showed a probable synthesis of beta-trace protein. By means of autoradiography, the synthesis of beta-trace protein in white CNS matter could be confirmed. PMID- 53796 TI - Moving a dependent patient safely, comfortably: part 1--positioning. PMID- 53797 TI - Moving a dependent patient safely, comfortably: part 2--transferring. PMID- 53798 TI - Clinical specialist trial. PMID- 53799 TI - Nursing care--scoliosis surgery. PMID- 53800 TI - [Significance of the determination of alpha-1 fetoprotein in intrauterine diagnosis]. PMID- 53801 TI - [Nursing of a patient following prostatectomy]. PMID- 53802 TI - [IgM antibody deficiency with normal serum IgM concentration in a family (author's transl)]. AB - A 5 years old child with selective antibody deficiency having slight hypogammaglobulinaemia of the IgG-class, normal IgM and absence of IgA has been described. The patient had no isoagglutinins and no heteroagglutinins against rabbits. Antibodies of the IgG-class could be detected in a very low concentration. The child had repeated severe infections, f. e. 5 attacks of pneumonia. After diagnosis of selective antibody deficiency syndrome had been made, he has been treated with high dose gammaglobulin therapy every 4 weeks. The child did not have any severe infections since that time. Diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in patients with selective antibody deficiency were discussed. PMID- 53803 TI - [Application of correspondance factor analysis to function testing of the thyroid]. AB - Biological data concerning 249 thyroid patients have been treated by using correspondance factor analysis. This statistical treatment has enabled us to compare 2 types of associated tests (in vitro, in vivo) and to evaluate their respective contribution to the diagnosis of different thyroid diseases. There appeared also certain possibilities for the use of such a method in the future: determination of a biological profile for thyroid disease and for Grave's disease patients in course of treatment. PMID- 53804 TI - [Pollution of human milk in France by organochlorine insecticide residues]. AB - The monthly analysis of milk mixtures from ten French human milk banks, over a period of two years, showed that there was marked pollution by organochlorine insecticide residues. The following averages were noted: hexachlorocyclohexane + hexachlorobenzene 2,75 mg/kg of pure fat, DDT and derivatives 3,24 mg/kg fat, heptachlor epoxide 0,28, dieldrin 0,23. The main insecticides were, with average values, beta hexachlorocyclohexane (1,67), hexachlorobenzene (0,98), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (2,40). All these milks were invariably very polluted throughout the year, but there were however noted some qualitative differences according to the geographic position of the milk banks: South of the Loire river, the main polluting factor was hexachlorocyclohexane, whilst North of the Seine, fairly high values were found for heptachlor epoxide and dieldrin. The special study of human milk from Lille showed a 50% reduction in pollution between 1970 and 1973. The probable routes of contamination are human food and the ill-advised domestic use of pesticides. PMID- 53805 TI - [Value of separation on ion exchange resins of plasma iodine fractions. Comparison with Werner's suppression test]. AB - This was a study of 71 patients suspected of hyperthyroidism who had undergone a tri-iodothyronine suppression test. A study of circulating protein-bound iodine after separation on ion-exchange resins had been carried out before triiodothyronine administration, on the same patients. The results showed that the radioactive hormonal fraction has a better diagnostic value than radioactive serum protein-bound iodine. In 60% of cases, a study of the radioactive hormonal fraction could have permitted to avoid the use of the suppression test. PMID- 53806 TI - [A method for the study of relations between the lung and the reticulo endothelial system]. AB - The experiments reported in this paper draw attention to three new facts : 1) the reticulo-endothelial system (RES) of normal Rat can be " filled " with a non toxic, polymeric substance, PVNO, which is taken up by macrophages by pinocytosis ; 2) a broncho-pulmonary irritation leads to a discharge of PVNO by the macrophage. The macrophages are poured out into the blood stream, whence they arrive in to the lung ; 3) this discharge of a polymer as PVNO which has been previously taken in the macrophage, can happen even 10-12 months after the filling of the RES by the macromolecule. PMID- 53807 TI - The psychological treatment of hospitalized children with failure-to-thrive. PMID- 53808 TI - A study of the plasma kinin-generating system in children with the minimal lesion, idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. AB - Although the precise etiologic incitant of the minimal lesion idiopathic nephrotic syndrome of childhood is not known, it is likely that a host mechanism mediates the permeability alterations of the glomerular capillary wall resulting in massive proteinuria. As a first step in examining the possibility that local kinin release may account for the proteinuria in this disorder, two parameters of the plasma kinin-generating system, plasma prekallikrein and kallikrein inhibitor, were assayed during 27 nephrotic episodes in 21 corticosteroid responsive children. Plasma kallikrein was assayed by means of its esterase activity on a synthetic arginine ester substrate, N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAMe), after activation of Hageman factor by kaolin. This activity, after subtraction of spontaneous arginine esterase activity (i.e., TAMe esterase activity measured in plasma not exposed to kaolin) is derived from prekallikrein. Plasma prekallikrein activity in 11 normal children was 99.6 +/- 2.9 mumol TAMe hydrolyzed/ml plasma/hr (mean +/- SEM). Kallikrein inhibitor was quantified in arbitrary units. Kallifrein inhibitor activity in 11 normal children was 0.94 +/- 0.04 units. During the overt nephrotic syndrome, before initiation of intensive daily corticosteroid treatment, mean values were: prekallikrein, 58.5 +/- 7.24 mumol/ml/hr; and kallikrein inhibitor, 0.35 +/- 0.06 units. After corticosteroid induced remission occurred, mean values were: plasma prekallikrein, 118.6 +/- 3.2 mumol/ml/hr; and kallikrein inhitor, 0.78 +/- 0.03 mumol/ml/hr. Both parameters were again assayed in 14 of the 21 children after complete cessation of corticosteroid treatment. Plasma prekallikrein was normal, 99.6 +/- 4.8 mumol/ml/hr; but kallikrein inhibitor was still somewhat depressed, 0.84 +/- 0.03 units. A subset of 9 patients had marked depression of plasma prekallikrein to levels less than 20 mumol/ml/hr and essentially undetectable inhibitor activity. Serum alpha-2 macroglobulin was elevated in nephrotic patients: mean value during relapse, 862 +/- 29 mg/100 ml; during corticosteroid-maintaining remission, 615 +/- 29 mg/100 ml. After cessation of corticosteroids, mean serum level was 481 +/ 20 mg/100 ml. The proportional reduction of plasma prekallikrein and kallikrein inhibitor suggested that an enzyme-inhibitor complex formed in vivo, perhaps at a local site of activation in proximity to the glomerular basement membrane. These data suggest that the plasma kinin-generating system may be the host effector mechanism subserving the increased glomerular capillary permeability in the minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome of childhood. PMID- 53809 TI - [Immunoautoradiographic study of alpha fetoprotein in blood serum of children with ataxia telangiectasia]. PMID- 53810 TI - [Functional state of the thyroid gland in children with asthma]. PMID- 53811 TI - The dentist and social security. PMID- 53812 TI - [Transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in metastasizing breast cancers. Experience from 160 cases]. AB - 160 patients suffering from advanced metastatic cancer of the breast had transsphenoidal open surgical hypophysectomy. Mortality (1,8 p.cent) and morbidity were extremely low in view of the general conditions of the patients. Immediate relief of pain due to bone metastasis was obtained in 92 p.cent of cases. Such results emphasized the important point of achieving total hypophysectomy. PMID- 53813 TI - [Intubation of neoplastic esophageal stenoses. A new prosthesis with an antireflux device]. AB - A preliminary communication on the excellent results of a new intraluminal prosthesis for palliative intubation of advanced oesophageal of cardial carcinoma is reported. Such prothesis includes an original and effective device to avoid gastro-oesophageal reflux and the ensuing peptic oesophagitis. Piloroplasty is considered convenient as an adjuvant in the prevention of gastro-oesophageal reflux. PMID- 53814 TI - [Letter: Electrophoretic study of lymphocytes in patients with acute disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 53815 TI - [In vitro comparative study of penicillin G and amoxicillin in patients allergic to penicillin]. PMID- 53816 TI - Slide sequences as a teaching aid. PMID- 53817 TI - How drugs act. 18. Drugs and the thyroid gland. PMID- 53818 TI - Nursing care study: bilateral cervical sympathectomy for acrocyanosis. PMID- 53820 TI - Manual handling in industry. 2. PMID- 53819 TI - Nursing care study: bilateral ruptured ureters due to blunt trauma. PMID- 53821 TI - Manual handling in industry. 3. PMID- 53822 TI - Nursing care of the patient undergoing biliary tract surgery. PMID- 53823 TI - Basic first aid. The Holger Nielsen method of artificial respiration. PMID- 53824 TI - Other methods of the treatment of cancer. PMID- 53825 TI - Nursing care study: bifrontal craniotomy. PMID- 53826 TI - Nursing care study: mandibular osteotomy for malocclusion. PMID- 53828 TI - Audio-visual aids to teaching. PMID- 53827 TI - Nursing care study: left nephroureterectomy. PMID- 53829 TI - Paediatric psychiatry. 2. Emotional development and the clinical implications. PMID- 53830 TI - [Studies on DDT and its metabolites as well as beta and gamma HCH in the blood, bone marrow and fatty tissue in some hematologic syndromes]. PMID- 53831 TI - [Role of cycl AMP in anaphylactic reaction]. PMID- 53832 TI - The treatment of tuberculosis. PMID- 53833 TI - Immunochemical evidence for a common variable region in three immunoglobulin classes in the same individual. AB - One IgG1(kappa), one IgM(kappa), and one IgA1(kappa) monoclonal (M)-component were purified from one human serum. Rabbit antisera were raised against the IgG and IgM M-components and were absorbed until specific for idiotypic determinants on these molecules. All three M-components gave reactions of immunological identity when tested by double radial immunodiffusion with either of the two idiotype-specific antisera. Both heavy and light chains were isolated from each of the three M-components and all preparations inhibited formation of idiotypic precipitates. None of these preparations formed precipitates with idiotype specific antisera alone. When heavy or light chains of one M-component were hybridized with light or heavy chains from the other M-components the resultant molecules precipitated with anti-idiotypic serum. Hybrids with chains from polyclonal IgG were not precipitable with such antiserum. These results indicate that the variable region of the heavy chains of these M-components of three different immunoglobulin classes are closely similar, if not identical. PMID- 53834 TI - Purification of RNA-instructed DNA polymerase from human leukemic spleens. AB - Particles possessing a density of 1.16 g/ml and encapsulating a 70S RNA and a RNA instructed DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) have been prepared from the spleen of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. These particles have been converted to cores with a density of 1.26 g/ml and containing the enzyme-RNA complex, in complete analogy to the known RNA tumor viruses of avian and murine origin. The reverse transcriptase was purified from the cores by column chromatography to a stage showing a single major protein band of 70,000 daltons in a gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was capable of transcribing heteropolymeric RNA into DNA complements as demonstrated by specific back hybridization to template RNA. The leukemic spleen would appear to represent an important source of this enzyme, as well as other potentially important leukemia-specific reagents. PMID- 53835 TI - Filamin, a new high-molecular-weight protein found in smooth muscle and non muscle cells. AB - A new high-molecular-weight protein, named filamin, was isolated from chicken gizzard. In chicken gizzard, filamin is present in an amount approximately 30-40% of that of myosin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of highly purified filamin revealed a single polypeptide of about 250,000 daltons. Rabbit antibody directed against purified chicken gizzard filamin did not crossreact with myosin purified from the same source. By the use of microcomplement fixation and indirect immunofluorescent staining with antibodies to chicken gizzard filamin, an antigenically similar or identical protein was found to be widely distributed both in other organs of the chicken and in cultured cells of other species, but not in chicken skeletal muscle. In cultured cells, filamin was found largely to be arranged as a filamentous array very similar to that found for myosin. These data imply that filamin is a widely occurring and chemically conserved component of filaments is smooth muscle and non-muscle cells. PMID- 53836 TI - Immunochemical characterization of murine H-2 controlled Ss (serum substance) protein through identification of its human homologue as the fourth component of complement. AB - The S region of the mouse H-2 complex is genetically defined by a series of alleles, or pseudoalleles, which control the level of a serum globulin, Ss, and of its allotypic vairatn, Slp. In contrast with the products of other genes in the complex, no homologue of the Ss protein has been found in other species, except the rat. In the present study, a component in human plasma was identified which cross-reacts with anti-mouse Ss, and which also displays electrophoretic and size similarities to the mouse Ss protein. This component was isolated and characterized immunochemically as the fourth component of human complement (C'4 or beta1E globulin). Several antisera monospecific for human C'4 cross-react with the mouse Ss protein and detect its genetically determined quantitative variations. PMID- 53837 TI - Induction of an immune response through interaction of helper cells with an immune complex bound to the surface of B cells. AB - Adoptive anti-trinitrophenyl (Tnp) responses were elicited from Tnp-hemocyanin (Tnp-KLH)-primed cells by challenge with an immune complex of KLH and a Tnp conjugate of the Fab fragment of rabbit anti-KLH. Removal of T cells by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 (phi C3H) + complement abolished this effect. Tnp-KLH primed cells that had been incubated with a Tnp conjugate of pneumococcal polysaccharide type III (Tnp-SIII), and which were then unable to respond to Tnp-KLH, made an anti-Tnp response upon incubation with rabbit anti-Dnp when transferred together with cells primed with rabbit gamma globulin. Since Tnp-KLH was not added in these experiments, it would appear that the cells were triggered by immune complexes on their surfaces consisting of Tnp-SIII and rabbit anti-Dnp with the help of T cells primed with rabbit gamma globulin; the presence of free antigen was evidently not required. Therefore, antigen-antibody complexes, when bound to the surface of B cells, may mediate T-B cell cooperation in the humoral immune response. PMID- 53838 TI - Structural features of double-stranded polyribonucleotides required for immunological specificity and interferon induction. AB - Purified antibody to poly(adenylic acid)-poly(uridylic acid) was used in quantitative microcomplement fixation assays to detect conformational variations among several double-helical polyribonucleotide analogs of poly(adenylic acid) poly(uridylic acid) or poly(inosinic acid)-poly(cytidylic acid) that had been previously evaluated for their ability to induce interferon. Modification at the furanose 2'-position of one or both strands resulted in a dramatic decrease in serological reactivity. Most modifications of the bases caused smaller serological changes, and no base modification caused complete loss of reactivity. The reaction patterns support the conclusion that the structure of the furanose and the overall conformation of the helix are critical in the formation of antigenic determinants. The backbones of both strands appear to be involved in forming a single antigenic site, and base modifications may alter the steric relationship between the backbones. In addition, the same structural changes that substantially alter recognition by antibody also lead to large changes in the interferon-inducing ability of the nucleic acid. PMID- 53839 TI - Activation of T and B lymphocytes in vitro: presence of beta2-microblobulin determinants on allogeneic effect factor. AB - The biologically acitve entity termed allogeneic effect factor, which is produced by alloantigen-activated T cells and has been shown to regulate triggering and differentiation of B lymphocytes in vitro, has previously been demonstrated to possess antigenic determinants coded by genes in the I region of the H-2 gene complex of the mouse. The studies presented here provide evidence that allogeneic effect factor also possesses antigenic determinants identical or cross-reactive with beta2-microglobulin. These observations suggest an important role for beta2 microglobulin in the mechanism of cell-cell interactions and the consequences of such interactions on lymphocyte triggering and differentiation. PMID- 53840 TI - Stimulation and inhibition of anti-hapten responses in guinea pigs immunized with hybrid liposomes. AB - Guinea pigs were immunized with liposomal model membranes containing phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) or glycerophosphorylethanolamine (GPE) derivatives in which the amino function was substituted with either dinitrophenylaminocaproyl (Dnp-Cap) or mono(p-azobenzenearsonic acid)tyrosyl (ABA-Tyr) residues. Previous studies have demonstrated that hapten-specific antibodies are elicited by DNP-Cap PE or ABA-Tyr-PE sensitized liposomes and that cell-mediated immunity is induced by ABA-Tyr-PE (but not Dnp-Cap-PE) sensitized liposomes. These liposomes differ from conventional immunogens in which haptens are covalently attached to immunogenic carriers. This investigation describes two new aspects of liposomal immunogenicity in animals immunized with hybrid liposomes containing both Dnp-Cap PE and ABA-Tyr-PE. (1) Stimulation of the anti-Dnp response by incorporation of increasing amounts of ABA-Tyr-PE; (2) inhibition of anti-ABA antibody formation by incorporation of increasing amounts of DNnp-Cap-PE. The two phenomena are dependent on the presence of each determinant in the same lipid bilayer. Thus, entrapment of the water-soluble deacylated derivative of ABA-Tyr-PE (i.e., ABA Tyr-GPE) in a aqueous compartments of Dnp-Cap-PE sensitized liposomes does not enhance anti-Dnp antibody production. Similarly, entrapment of the non amphipathic derivative of DNP-Cap-PE (i.e., Dnp-Cap-GPE) within ABA-Tyr-PE sensitized liposomes does not suppress anti-ABA antibody formation. Furthermore, mixtures of Dnp-Cap-PE sensitized liposomes and ABA-Tyr-PE sensitized liposomes neither stimulated nor inhibited the anti-hapten responses. These results indicate that preparation of hybrid liposomes with different N-substituted PE derivatives provides an extremely convenient method for controlling hapten and/or immunologic carrier determinant density. PMID- 53841 TI - Multiple active sites on human interferons. AB - Human interferons stimulated in peripheral leukocytes and foreskin fibroblasts are active in cultures of human and rabbit cells. The dominant factors in leukocyte and fibroblast interferons responsible for antiviral activity in rabbit cells were shown to be antigenically distinct from each other as well as from rabbit interferon. In addition, leukocyte interferon contained also a minor component with antigenic determinants characteristic of fibroblast specificity, which could be isolated by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-bound antibodies directed against firboblast interferon. Neutralization tests with selected anti interferon sera suggested that the antiviral activities of leukocyte and fibroblast interferons in human and rabbit cells were associated with single molecules. A model is proposed where molecules of human interferon contain multiple reactive sites each of which is capable of interaction with cells of a different species. The number and distribution of these determinant sites may vary with the source of the human interferon and account for the differential in antiviral protection expressed in homologous and phylogenetically unrelated host cells. PMID- 53842 TI - Oncornavirus-like particles released from arginine-deprived human lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - Type-C RNA tumor virus particles were released from three different human lymphoblastoid cell lines after incubation in arginine-deficient medium. The released virus-like particles were characterized by (a) their ability to band in sucrose gradients at a density of 1.16-1.18 g/ml; (b) the presence of an RNA directed DNA polymerase activity resembling that of the oncornaviruses; and (c) isolation of cores that band at a density of 1.26-1.27 g/ml in sucrose gradients. Examination of the arginine-deprived human lymphoblastoid cell line strain P3HR-1 by electron microscopy revealed the presence of C-type particles in the intracellular spaces. PMID- 53843 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen: evidence for multiple antigenic determinants and isoantigens. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) preparations, from various sources were compared by radioimmunoassay. The preparations studied included four CEA standards (CEA Roch, CEA-Montreal, CEA-City of Hope, and CEA-British) and CEA from serum and liver metastases of a patient with cancer of the colon who had an extremely high concentration of serum CEA (more than 26,000 ng/ml). The data indicate that the CEA-Roche standard differs significantly from the other three CEA standards tested, and that the serum CEA from the patient was antigenically different from currently available CEA standards as well as from the CEA obtained from the patient's own liver metastases. These antigenic differences were reflected in radioimmunoassay inhibition curves that were different and that were not affected by perchloric acid extraction of CEA. Because of the antigenic variation in the serum CEA, markedly different CEA concentrations (varying by three orders of magnitude) were measurable by two different antisera (Roche and Montreal). All the various CEA standards and samples cochromatographed on columns of Sepharose 6B, despite the large antigenic variation. We postulate that CEA consists of a family of "isoantigens" with multiple antigenic determinants. We identified a serum CEA isoantigen that was different from the currently available standards. Consequently, we believe that results of radioimmunoassays currently used for CEA measurement may not represent absolute concentrations of serum "CEA", but may reflect the binding affinity of different isoantigens to a particular polyvalent CEA antiserum. PMID- 53844 TI - Hepatic artery ligation and prolonged cytotoxic therapy in advanced primary and secondary liver tumours. PMID- 53845 TI - Ernest Fletcher Lecture. The painful shoulder. PMID- 53846 TI - Neoplasm of the vagina in infants - two cases. PMID- 53847 TI - [Is the simultaneous performance of the mastic reaction and cerebrospinal fluid electrophoresis still necessary? Comment on the work of J. Lossner and H. Diessner (Psychiat. Neurol. med. Psychol. 25:689-94)]. PMID- 53848 TI - [Final remarks on the discussion by H. Glasner "Is the simultaneous performance of the mastic reaction and cerebrospinal fluid electrophoresis still necessary?" and of von H. Krause "Cerebrospinal fluid electrophoresis and the normomastic reaction"]. PMID- 53849 TI - Congenital absence of sensation. PMID- 53850 TI - Endogenous immune complex nephropathy associated with malignancy I. Studies on the nature and immunopathogenic significance of glomerular bound antigen and antibody, isolation and characterization of tumor specific antigen and antibody and circulating immune complexes. AB - Three patients with clear cell renal carcinoma and one with another intrarenal malignancy were studied for the presence of glomerular localized immunoglobulins, complement components and tumor specific antigen and antibody by immunofluorescence. To determine the association and elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the relationship between tumors and glomerular deposits, antibody eluted from tumor tissue and renal glomeruli, cryoproteins, serum antibodies and rabbit antisera to tumor tissue were tested for specificity to antigen. The relationship between tumor antigens and the lipoprotein antigen localized in normal proximal tubular brush border (RTE) and the small bowel mucosa, was studied by immunofluorescence, absorption and blocking studies as well as complement fixation. Immunoglobulins and complement components were localized in the glomeruli and tumor membrane of all patients. Sera and glomerular fixed antibody from three patients with renal cell carcinoma localized to normal proximal tubular brush border and jejunal mucosa as well as to tumor membrane and the glomeruli and proximal tubules of all of these three patients. Anti RTE activity was also detected by complement fixation. Immunologic similarity between RTE and renal cell carcinoma antigen was confirmed by absorption studies. Furthermore, cryoprecipitable complexes of tumor antigen and specific antibody were isolated from the serum. The tumor antibody was immunologically similar to RTE. In the other case the rabbit anti-tumor antibody and the patient's serum fixed to the tumor membrane and kidney of the patient but did not show cross reactivity with the renal cell carcinoma or RTE. These studies suggest that the tumor antigen in renal cell carcinoma is similar to RTE and the glomerular deposits represent tumor antigen and antibody complexes. In addition these investigations support the hypothesis that tumor immune complexes are significant in the glomerular lesions, and that the origin of renal cell carcinoma is in the proximal tubule. The investigations also show that tumor antibodies are specific for tumors of the same morphological type but not for other tumors in the same tissue. Moreover, the renal glomerulus appears to be a chosen anatomic site for deposition of tumor antigens and antibodies and studies of the kidney may provide insight into the nature of tumor antigens and antibodies. Cryoprecipitation appears to be a valuable method in isolation of tumor complexes and characterization of tumor specific antigen and antibody. PMID- 53851 TI - Biophysics of cell separations. PMID- 53852 TI - Proton-induced x-ray emission analysis--a promising technique for studying the metal content of plants and soils. AB - The ease of employing proton-induced X-ray emission analysis (PIXEA) to studies relating metal content of soils to metal uptake in plants was aptly demonstrated in an investigation concerning the effect of automotive pollution on the abundance of about 16 elements accumulated in ribwort plantain and its surrounding soil. Elemental concentrations were shown to be dependent on the age of the plant leaves, as well as the distance from the roadside. PMID- 53853 TI - Radiation and chemically induced potentially lethal lesions in noncycling mammalian cells: recovery analysis in terms of x-ray- and ultraviolet-like systems. PMID- 53854 TI - Heterologous gamma globulin as interferon inducer: differences in the properties of aggregated and aggregate-free gamma globulin preparations. PMID- 53855 TI - The history and progress of serologic immunotherapy and radiodiagnosis. AB - The early demonstration of immunologic specificity of antibodies and the discovery of tumor antigenic specificity are reviewed in the light of experimental and clinical attempts to use such reagents in the management of cancer. Recent results in regard to tumor antigens and radiolabeled antibody preparations are shown to be practical for experimental diagnosis and therapy and potentially for similar clinical purposes. PMID- 53856 TI - Serum glycoproteins in cancer. PMID- 53857 TI - AIDE (accessible information for diagnosis and evaluation): an information retrieval system. PMID- 53859 TI - Melanoma and chemotherapy. PMID- 53858 TI - The role of immunology in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. PMID- 53860 TI - The search for RNA tumor viruses in human cancer. PMID- 53862 TI - [Genes of immunoglobulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 53861 TI - [Synthesis of ATP by reversal of cation transport ATPase (author's transl)]. PMID- 53863 TI - 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) ultrastructural cytochemistry of microbodies in Chlorogonium elongatum. PMID- 53864 TI - [Alpha fetoproteins]. PMID- 53865 TI - [Alpha fetoprotein in amebic liver abscess]. PMID- 53866 TI - [Positive alpha-1-fetoprotein in a case of carcinoma of the biliary tract]. PMID- 53867 TI - [Information for the orientation and planning of an intensive course for auxiliary nursing. III]. PMID- 53868 TI - [Nursing assistance during endoscopic urinary examination and surgery]. PMID- 53869 TI - [Analysis of an Observation Guide used as an instrument for nursing care in surgical patients]. PMID- 53870 TI - Chemical nature of atrial specific granules. AB - The specific granules are argentafugic when ultrathin sections of Araldite embedded atria are stained according to the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide silver proteinate technique of Thiery. The entire core of the atrial specific granules is moderately positive after ultrathin sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed, glycol methacrylate- (GMA-) embedded atria are stained with phosphotungstic acid at a low pH. A similar reaction is shown by the cell coat, intercalated discs, residual bodies (C-granules), and Z-discs, as well as by a very small portion of the Golgi complex. Analogous results are obtained with semithin sections of GMA- embedded atria stained according to the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) technique. In ultrathin sections of GMA-embedded atria stained with dialyzed colloidal iron (DI), the cell coat of the cardiocytes is positive, unlike all the other cytoplasmic organelles. When ultrathin sections of GMA-embedded atria are incubated with proteolytic enzymes (pronase, pepsin, or trypsin), atrial specific granules and Z-bands and, to a much lesser degree, cell coat and sarcolemma are selectively digested. Proteins are also distinctly demonstrated in the paranuclear specific granules by a variety of histochemical techniques. These results indicate that atrial specific granules are rich in proteins and possess a weak complement of complex carbohydrates. PMID- 53871 TI - State of the art of the toxicological evaluation carried out by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Pesticide Residues. I. Organohalogenated pesticides used in public health and agriculture. PMID- 53872 TI - Reaction of Antiglobulin factors present in rheumatoid conditions with different gamma-globulin substrates. PMID- 53873 TI - Antigammaglobulins in normal individuals and in patients with adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. PMID- 53874 TI - Critical evaluation of B and T cell markers in man. PMID- 53875 TI - Passage of immune complexes through vascular walls. Evidence for the role of an immediate hypersensitivity mechanism and its mediator: platelet-activating factor. AB - An anaphylactic mechanism involving IgE-sensitized basophils is necessary for immune complex deposition in rabbits. Basophils under stimulation by the IgE bound antigen actively release a platelet-activating factor. Increased vascular permeability results from action of vasoactive amines from basophils and from aggregated platelets and possibly direct action of PAF on vascular walls. This allows trapping of circulating complexes along vascular membranes. Once deposited complexes produce tissue injury by neutrophil-complement-dependent mechanisms. However, complex deposition seems pathogenic in itself for the glomerular basement membrane. PAF is a 1,100-dalton MW lipid, with hydrophobic properties and positive charge; it exists in human basophils. Patients suffering from SLE or undergoing anaphylactic shocks exhibit marked reduction of basophil counts and PAF level. We propose that anaphylactic increase of vasopermeability may be a common feature at early stages of many immune diseases associated with severe structural injury. PMID- 53876 TI - A direct spectrometric method for determination of the concentration of available bilirubin binding sites in serum using bromphenol blue. AB - A simple and rapid direct spectrometric micromethod for the determination of the concentration of available bilirubin binding sites of serum is given. The method measures - by means of difference spectrometry - the maximal change in absorbance when serum is added to a buffered solution of bromphenol blue (BPB). This dye fulfills a set of requirements given and examined. The binding properties of bilirubin, BPB, and some related dyes are spectrometrically investigated, and differences between the properties of human and bovine albumin and between such albumin preparations and human serum are shown and discussed. PMID- 53877 TI - Renal handling of beta2-microglobulin in experimental renal disease. AB - Renal extraction and urinary excretion of 125I-labelled beta2-microglobulin was studied in rats. The effect of ischaemic renal injury, experimental pyelonephritis, and unilateral nephrectomy was investigated. The tubular secretion of o-iodohippurate (OIH) was measured for comparison. The urinary excretion was calculated as the ratio between the clearance of protein and the glomerular filtration rate. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated as clearance of polyethylene glycol (PEG 1000). The renal arteriovenous concentration difference was lower for beta2-microglobulin than for PEG 1000 IN ALL THE EXperimental groups. In unilateral renal disease the beta2-microglobulin excretion of the intact kidneys was similar to that of the diseased kidneys. A significant differences was noted only after ischaemic renal injury. The same was found for OIH. After removal of the intact kidneys the excretion of beta2 microglobulin increased about 10-fold in pyelonephritic animals and 2- to 30-fold in animals with ischaemic renal injury. One hour after unilateral nephrectomy in normal animals the ratio increased about 50 per cent. The tubular secretion of OIH did not change noticeably. It is concluded that the glomerular filtration is a main step in the intrarenal catabolism of beta2-microglobin and that its urinary excretion is considerably influenced by a reduction in the functioning kidney mass. PMID- 53878 TI - Long-term prognosis of 66 permanent anterior teeth with root fracture. AB - A longitudinal clinical and radiographic follow-up study was made of all permanent teeth with root fractures referred to the Oslo University Department of Pedodontics between 1953 and 1972 (n = 66). The material included 51 patients aged 6-21 years. The mean observation period was 5.2 years, ranging from 1 to 19 years. The present report documents background data and the long-term results. Two teeth with exarticulation of the coronal fragments (3%) were immediately extracted. Repair of the fracture area occurred in 51 teeth (77%). Pulp necrosis was found in 13 teeth (20%), nine of which were successfully treated endodontically; only four teeth had to be extracted. Several factors were found to influence the prognosis, most notably the degree of dislocation of the coronal fragment. The localization of the fracture influenced repair only slightly. Despite somewhat increased mobility in some cases, the longevity of teeth with fractures even in the coronal third of the root was not significantly shortened. It is concluded that when optimally treated by repositioning, fixation and relief of occlusion, anterior teeth with root fracture have a favorable prognosis. Even when pulp necrosis occurs, the long-term prognosis is good. PMID- 53879 TI - Contamination of anti-immunoglobulin reagents with antibodies to beta 2 microglobulin and other unrelated antigens. Effects on immunofluorescence staining of human lymphocytes. AB - IgG fractions from three of four rabbit antisera to Bence Jones proteins of chi type were found to contain antibodies to beta 2-microglobulin and to stain 80% 100% of human blood lymphocytes by indirect immunofluorescence. Antibody fractions from these sera, which contained anti-beta 2-microglobulin but not anti Ig, stained all lymphocytes, whereas the isolated anti-Ig antibodies (anti-chi) stained only a minor cell population. In both instances, the specificity of the staining was confirmed by absorption experiments. One antiserum to the constant half of lambda-type Bence Jones protein also contained antibiodies to beta 2 microglobulin and stained all lymphocytes. Four other anti-lambda reagents contained no antibodies to beta 2-microglobulin and stained at most about half of the lymphocytes. The antigen responsible for this staining is unknown. The isolated anti-immunoglobulin antibodies (anti-lambda) stained only 5%-10% of the lymphocytes. Antisera to serum IgG or its fragments were free of antibodies to beta 2-microglobulin and stained only 10%-25% of the lymphocytes. This staining was in all instances due to antibodies to human immunoglobulin. Five of eight undiluted sera from normal rabbits with no detectable antibodies to human immunoglobulin or beta 2-microglobulin stained 25%-60% of the lymphocytes. This staining rapidly disappeared on dilution. PMID- 53882 TI - A multimedia approach to education. PMID- 53880 TI - Immunological characterization of human glomerular basement membrane antigens. AB - Normal human glomerular basement membrane (H-GBM) was solubilized by collagenase and subjected to crossed immunoelectrophoresis with rabbit antibodies against H GBM. Seven precipitates appeared with the mobility of alpha, beta, and gamma globulins. Only two of these precipitates might be specific for GBM, since the other precipitates disappeared after absorption of the antiserum with liver and placenta. In normal human urine one precipitate, cross-reacting with one of the H GBM precipitates, was found; this precipitate could also be demonstrated in human placenta and liver. PMID- 53883 TI - [Nursing in the recovery room]. PMID- 53884 TI - [Malignant tumour-lymphocyte response to a human encephalolitogenic factor (author's transl)]. PMID- 53885 TI - Influence of operating room conduct on wound infections. PMID- 53886 TI - Optic nerve axoplasm and papilledema. AB - A detailed review of optic nerve axoplasm is presented. A number of hypotheses have been postulated for the pathogenesis of papilledema associated with increased intracranial pressure. These hypotheses, mechanical and nonmechanical, are critically evaluated in relation to five essential features of papilledema. Theories, as well as clinical and experimental studies, of axonal transport are reviewed, and a new hypothesis is proposed: Papilledema is primarily a mechanical, nonvascular phenomenon in which an excess amount of extracellular fluid is present in the prelaminar region of the optic disc and the accumulation of that fluid results from the leakage of axoplasm from optic nerve fibers which are compressed posterior to the lamina cribrosa of the optic disc. The authors believe that this is the only existing hypothesis consistent with all the known facts about papilledema. Discussions by Drs. J. Terry Ernest, Thomas R. Hedges, and S. S. Hayreh follow the review. PMID- 53887 TI - [Report from the 6th annual course in heart surgery, London, April 7-11, 1975]. PMID- 53889 TI - [Nurses' drug information: glandula thyroidea - antithyroid agents]. PMID- 53888 TI - [Nurses' drug information: glandula thyreoidea = antithyroid agents. 1]. PMID- 53890 TI - Survey of the sputum cytology service in England and Wales. AB - Of the 231 laboratories carrying out sputum cytology in England and Wales, information on the staffing, laboratory procedures, workload, records, and results for the year 1971 was obtained from 228 (98.7%) by means of a questionnaire, which was completed in 1973 in 81% of the laboratories and at the end of 1972 in the remainder. At the time the questionnaire was completed, the number of laboratories per region offering a service ranged from 6 to 25. Most of the processing of specimens was done by technicians and non-medical screeners (technicians without recognized qualifications) and most of the microscopy by pathologists and technicians. Papanicolaou and/or haematoxylin and eosin stains were used in 97% of the laboratories. During 1971, the number of specimens tested per laboratory ranged from 9 to 6000. A median of 381 specimens and 165 patients were tested per laboratory. Almost all specimens were submitted by hospitals and chest clinics and only 1% by general practitioners. An estimated median of 6.5% of all cytological specimens were sputum, most of the remainder being cervical smears. Laboratories varied greatly in their positive (0%-24%) and doubtful positive (0%-27%) rates. An estimated 63 000 patients had their sputum tested in 1971, and about 6300 had positive reports, rather less than one-quarter of all patients diagnosed as having lung cancer in England and Wales in 1971. The cost of the service was estimated to be of the order of pound375 000 at 1974 prices; that is, pound2.50 per specimen or pound6.00 per patient tested. An improved service might best be provided by district general hospital laboratories testing at least 1000 specimens per year so that a high level of accuracy in reporting could be assurred. A large proportion of the microscopy might be done by non medical graduates and technicians under the supervision of pathologists. PMID- 53891 TI - The fibrinolytic system and haemostasis. AB - The fibrinolytic enzyme system appears to be a parallel development with the plasma coagulation pathways involved in haemostasis. Both systems have common activation mechanisms, inhibitors and the enzymes involved have considerable homology. In addition, blood cells show capabilities for involvement in each of these systems. There is disagreement over the possible contribution of the fibrinolytic mechanism to normal fibrinogen catabolism either by the lysis of continually forming fibrin, or by degradation of circulating fibrinogen. The occurrence of systemic fibrinolysis is associated with haemorrhagic tendency which may be due to a number of factors including degradation of coagulation factors, the anticoagulant effect of F.D.P. and the lysis of alpha-chain crosslinking sites. A clinical study of patients treated with streptokinase indicates that a fall in plasma fibrinogen levels and increase in serum F.D.P. levels are correlated with the haemostatic defect. PMID- 53892 TI - Blood changes in atherosclerosis and long after myocardial infarction and venous thrombosis. AB - The following clinical groups of volunteers were studied: patients long after recovery from myocardial infarction (MI), others after recovery from deep vein thrombosis (DVT), patients with intermittent claudication, with diabetes, and male and female controls who were well matched. All were subjected to many platelet and clotting tests together with clinical, biochemical and haematological measurements in an attempt to find long term abnormalities in these various diseases. The male MIs differed very significantly from the controls in having much more heparin neutralizing activity (P less than 0.001)and less anti-thrombin (P less than 0.01). Less significantly, some bleeding time tests indicated less bleeding and the patients' platelets were larger. The females with MI had in general the same abnormalities but to a lesser degree. The patients with intermittent claudication, none of whom had a history of MI, had almost the same abnormalities and to the same degree. In deep vein thrombosis the heparin neutralizing activity was also clearly increased; the other tests were generally in the same direction but many were not significant. The diabetics had shorter bleeding times but little else abnormal relative to the controls, suggesting a different pathological process. When all male patients and controls were "scored" according to the degree of atherosclerosis there was a close overall correlation between the degree of atherosclerosis and the increase in the HNA level (r = --0.50, n = 66, P less than 0.001) and the decreased anti-thrombin (r = 0.25, n = 66, P less than 0.05). PMID- 53893 TI - Local treatment of recent arterial thromboembolic occlusions with brinase. AB - Brinase was administered intra-arterially in 16 patients with thrombotic or embolic arterial occlusions. Angiography could be performed before and after treatment in 13 patients. Thrombolysis was obtained in 3 of 9 patients with thrombotic and in 3 of 4 patients with embolic occlusions. In 3 patients severe local side effects occurred. PMID- 53894 TI - Proceedings: Fibrinogen degradation of normal and fibrinolytic plasma. PMID- 53895 TI - Proceedings: Influence of plasmin inhibitors on differentiating digestion between fibrinogenolysis and fibrinolysis. PMID- 53896 TI - Proceedings: Activation of dicoumarol-induced atypical prothrombin. PMID- 53897 TI - Studies of fibrinolytic and coagulation factors during open heart surgery. I. Fibrinolytic problems during open heart surgery with ECC. PMID- 53898 TI - [Study assignment for clinical instruction in continued education in medical and surgical nursing]. PMID- 53899 TI - [Letal rate and late complications following palliative surgery of transposition of the great arteria (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1966 and 1973 145 palliative procedures were carried out on 110 infants with transposition of the great arteries. There were 23 early deaths (20.9 per cent). 85 per cent of the survivors were controlled till the end of 1974. Five late deaths and four cases of peripheral artery embolism were regarded. These complications, however, took place several years after palliation. The development of pulmonary hypertension doesn't seem to be as high as it is suspected sometimes. These results justify our conception, not to perform the Mustard-operation during the first two years of life. PMID- 53900 TI - Identification of tissue-specific antigens and concanavalin A receptors on rat epidermal cells using a radio-immunoprecipitation method. AB - Iodination with lactoperoxidase - 125I- - H2O2 was used to label surface components of rat epidermal cells. Lysis of the cells in non-idet P40 resulted in the solubilization of tissue-specific antigens and of concanavalin A receptors. These specificities were demonstrated using a radio-immunoprecipitation method. The tissue-specific antigens were recognized using absorbed rabbit anti-rat epidermal cell sera (Lloyd & Darnule 1974); they reacted with two low molecular weight components in the lysate (9,000 and 12,000 daltons). Concanavalin A reacted with three major components. Two had high molecular weights (75,000 and 95,000 daltons). The possibility that one of these components was radioiodinated lactooperoxidase, which would have reacted with concanavalin A, was disproved. Another component (which occasionally appeared as two peaks) was similar in size to the species detected by the tissue-specific antisera. Their non-identity was, however, demonstrated by the finding that the two specificities could be precipitated independently of each other. PMID- 53901 TI - LD antigens associated with HL-A8 and myasthenia gravis. AB - The finding that the SD antigen HL-A8 is associated with myasthenia gravis has raised the question as to whether or not there is also an association between some specific LD antigen and myasthenia gravis and/or HL-A8. MLC technique was used to study LD antigens in 33 myasthenic patients. The cells of a myasthenic patient who was homozygous for both HL-A and LD products were used in MLC tests as stimulators with HL-A8 bearing cells from 24 myasthenics, their 17 relatives and 16 controls and to non-HL-A8 cells from nine myasthenics and 16 controls. At least three different LD genes were found to be associated with HL-A8. One of them, called LDm' was present in 17 (63 %) of the 27 HL-A8-bearing haplotypes of myasthenics, and in nine (47 %) of the 19 HL-A8-bearing haplotypes of controls. In our study LDm was not found in the 84 haplotypes devoid of HL-A8. LDm is strongly associated with HL-A8 and through this also with myasthenia. Calculated from phenotype frequencies for HL-A8 and its association to LDm' the LDm frequencies are 9 % in the control population, 30 % in myasthenics and 48 % in young females with onset of myasthenia below 35 years. LDm had no indendent correlation with any of the clinical parameters of myasthenia gravis, even though is was found more often in HL-A8+ females with the onset of myasthenia before 35 years than in the whole myasthenic group. LDm appears to be similar to LD8a antigen. PMID- 53902 TI - Lymphocyte activating alloantigens on human epidermal cells. AB - Human epidermal cells dissociated by repeated trypsinization of skin explants were stimulatory to allogeneic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte skin-cell cultures. After elimination of the lymphocytes proliferating in response to a particular allogeneic lymphocyte donor by a "hot" pulse of 3H-thymidine of high specific activity, the viable lymphocytes remaining in culture were still capable of responding to stimulation by epidermal cells from the same donor. The response towards allogeneic epidermal cells could only partially be eliminated by 3H thymidine treatment. This treatment, however, also partially eliminated the secondary stimulation response towards lymphocytes from the epidermal cell donor used initially, but did not alter the response to lymphoid or epidermal cells from an unrelated third party donor. In addition, HL-A antisera, which specifically inhibited the stimulatory capacity of mitomycin-treated lymphocytes that carried the relevant HL-A antigen also inhibited the stimulatory properties of epidermal cells from the same donor. PMID- 53903 TI - Rhesus lymphocyte alloantigens. III. Identification of new antigens. AB - Rhesus monkey lymphocytotoxic alloantisera were tested in 437 random unrelated monkeys and in members of 19 pedigreed families. Groups of sera or individual sera identified 11 specificities. Genetic analysis of the associations of these antigens revealed behavior consistent with the current concept of the major histocompatibility complex of several mammalian species including man in that the antigens could be grouped into two series of closely linked co-dominantly expressed alleles. PMID- 53904 TI - Cell mediated lympholysis in man. Patterns of killing power in relation to the HL A system. AB - In general it can be said that the HL-A (LA and FOUR) antigens seem to be of major qualitative and partly quantitative importance for the degree of destruction in Cell Mediated Lympholysis (CML). This has been established by analyses of 1299 effector/target combinations involving 97 different healthy individuals. The main observation is that the cytolytic capacity of MLC effectors is positively ranked with the number of HL-A (LA and FOUR) antigens introduced by the incompatibility between stimulator, effector and target lymphocytes. However, the fact that not all cytolytic situations can be explained by the HL-A system stresses that other specific antigens (Target Determinants) may interfere with the Cell Mediated Lympholysis. PMID- 53905 TI - Cell mediated lympholysis in man. Varying strength of the HL-A (LA and FOUR) antigens as sensitizing or target determinants. AB - The gene products of the LA and FOUR loci of the human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) are generally considered to be a major target in the Indirect Cell Mediated Lympholysis (ICML) test. Within most experiments, a positive correlation exists between the number of HL-A antigens challenged and lympholysis. When different experiments are collated this correlation is less obvious. This discrepancy might be caused by differences between the individual HL-A antigens involved in the afferent phase (MLC) and/or the efferent phase (CML). In 28 experiments involving 97 unrelated individuals we have compared statistically 12 different antigens governed by the LA and FOUR loci. When only one of these antigens is challenged in ICML, target lymphocytes are lysed to different degrees allowing a significant classification of the antigens into different groups, which do not coincide with the classification in the LA and FOUR series antigens. It is concluded that the antigens of the HL-A system are not of equal importance when challenged separately in ICML. The existence of a separate CML locus and a corresponding linkage disequilibrium to the SD loci of the MHC region is suggested. PMID- 53906 TI - Cell mediated lympholysis in man. The HL-A third locus antigen, AJ (W20) as sensitizing and/or target determinant. AB - The Indirect Cell Mediated Lympholysis (ICML) test has become a reliable in vitro tool in investigations of the immunogenetic background of the cellular immune response. It is well established that the antigens of the LA and FOUR loci of the human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) or antigens governed by closely linked loci exhibiting a marked linkage disequilibrium are of major qualitative and quantitative importance in ICML. This communication is concerned with the importance of the HL-A third series antigen AJ (W20) on lympholysis in ICML. From investigations of 47 combinations where only the AJ (W20) antigen may be attacked, it is concluded that this antigen is, in itself, a poor ICML target determinant, but that AJ (W20) may function as a stronger ICML target determinant in concert with a FOUR antigen, although the actual FOUR antigen cannot be attacked. PMID- 53907 TI - Studies on the major histocompatibility system in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. AB - One hundred % of 66 patients with pelvospondylitis were found to have HL-A27, whereas the frequency of the antigen in 60 patients with sacroiliitis was 70 %. The difference in frequency of HL-A27 between the two patient groups is statistically highly significant. This implies that tissue typing could be of clinical importance for a prognostic evaluation of patients with sacroiliitis. Studies in families with several HL-A/MLC identical sibs indicated a relatively low penetrance of disease in those carrying the gene for increased susceptibility to development of AS. No association of AS to particular MLC alleles was found either in families or in several SD-2 identical AS patients. PMID- 53908 TI - HL-A antigens in aged persons. PMID- 53909 TI - [Skin disease in cattle, caused by Dermatophilus congolensis]. PMID- 53910 TI - [Desirable and undesirable gestagen effects in a bitch, with reference to the development of a new gestagen, delmadinone acetate]. PMID- 53911 TI - Steroid receptors in the human prostate. 1. Estradiol - 17beta binding in benign prostatic hypertrophy. AB - Agar gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation on continuous sucrose gradients revealed the presence of a 4S estradiol 'receptor' in cytosols of samples of human benign hyperplastic prostate tissue. High affinity (charcoal stability) and saturability (disappearance with excess competitor) binding characteristics of the molecular species concerned facilitated its clear distinction from similarly migrating serum albumin-steroid complexes. Our data, obtained with human serum, purified human albumin and albumin-enriched cytosol strongly suggest that agar gel electrophoresis, when used alone, may lack specificity for the quantification of estrogen 'receptors'. Radioligand binding to these molecules may be obscured by similarly migrating albumin-steroid complexes which fail to dissociate during electrophoresis. We advocate the inclusion of competitor experiments to improve the specificity of the method. PMID- 53912 TI - [A contribution to the information and instruction of patients in periodontological practice]. AB - Starting from the necessity of expanding the periodontal care of the population, the author points to the special importance of the patient's education, information and instruction in the periodontal practice and to the employment of dental nurses specialized in dental and oral hygiene. The author's approach which is based on an audiovisual method is explained; its advantages and disadvantages are discussed. PMID- 53913 TI - [Bone scintigraphy with 87mStrontium in Sudeck's bone dystrophy]. PMID- 53914 TI - [Production of ready-to-use technetium (Tc)-99m and Tc99m-labeled radiopharmaceuticals]. PMID- 53915 TI - [Diagnosis of liver metastases with a combination of 57Co-bleomycin and 99mTc sulfur colloid]. PMID- 53916 TI - Efficacy of leucocyte-poor red blood cell suspensions prepared by sedimentation in hydroxyethyl starch. AB - Hydroxyethyl starch (HES), which is licensed for human use as a plasma volume expander, has red blood cell sedimenting properties similar to high molecular weight dextran (HMWD). The present studies document the effectiveness of commercially available HES in preparing leukocyte-poor red blood cell suspensions (L-PRBCs) from donor whole blood and packed red blood cells stored in CPD up to 120 hours prior to processing. The effect of HES sedimentation on final white blood cell count, on erythrocyte p50 and 2,3-DPG concentration, and on short- and long-term in vivo survival of 72-hour stored donor red cells are described, along with favorable clinical experience with over 300 transfusions of HES-sedimented L PRBCs. Since the method requires no special equipment, it is immediately available for widespread use. PMID- 53917 TI - Hydroxyethyl starch as an experimental adjunct to leukocyte separation by centrifugal means: review of safety and efficacy. AB - A total of 1,921 leukapheresis procedures have been performed on 532 normal and CML donors at six research institutions, for the purpose of supporting granulocytopenic leukemia patients during infectious episodes. The addition of HES alone or in combination with either etiocholanolone or dexamethasone, resulted in a significant increase in the numbers of leukocytes (granulocytes) harvested by continuous and noncontinuous flow centrifugation. Normal donors participating in these programs were monitored prior to and immediately following each procedure by standard laboratory methods which revealed no serious or abnormal changes occurring as a result of the procedure in those undergoing single or multiple donations with these agents. CML donors tolerated the addition of only HES well, as evidenced by the lack of toxic reactions in three donors undergoing 101 to 121 procedures. PMID- 53918 TI - Harvesting of granulocytes using a hydroxyethyl starch solution. AB - The need for sophisticated ocmponent therapy has resulted in improved techniques for obtaining concentrates of platelets and granulocytes. The use of single donors as a source for these products is advisable to avoid multiple sensitizations. Obtaining concentrated granulocytes represents a problem because of the difficulty in separating granulocytes from red blood cells by differential centrifugation or sedimentation since the specific gravities are similar. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) makes the separation more effective. A solution made of 250 ml of 6 per cent HES, 250 ml of distilled water, and 15 g of sodium citrate in 30 ml distilled water provided a satisfactory anticoagulant solution for this purpose. The granulocytes collected averaged 49 per cent of the total available in the processed blood; the platelets averages 82 per cent. A satisfactory yield could thus be obtained from a single donor, and this could be repeated several times in a month. The value of ABO, Rh, and HL-A compatibility between donor and recipient probably increases the viability and safety of this procedure. The Haemonetic No. 30 Cell Separator provided an easy and rapid method for this procedure. PMID- 53919 TI - Short-term and long-term effects of plasmapheresis on serum proteins and immunoglobulins. AB - In order to evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of plasmaapheresis on serum proteins and immunoglobulins, the levels of alpha1, alpha2, beta, and gamma globulins, and IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured and statistically evaluated in 41 active plasmapheresis donors donating 500 to 1,000 ml of plasma weekly for up to three years. During the initial four months of plasmapheresis, the percentage of alpha1 and alpha2 globulins manifested a statistically significant rise and the IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations declined. By the end of ten months, only the IgM continued to be depressed. Although the concentration of IgM continued to show a statistically significant decline for three years, it remained well within the normal range of values for our laboratory. Although no statistically significant difference existed between the baseline value of albumin and the level reached at the end of the third year, a gradual rise was followed by a decline in this interval. Most of the statistically significant alterations of serum protein and immunoglobulins occurring in plasmapheresis donors are seen in the initial six months of plasmapheresis. A falling serum protein in this time period is most likely an indication of declining immunoglobulins. It is feasible and appropriate to measure the donor's total serum protein at the time of each plasmapheresis. Any untoward reduction in this value necessitates quantification of the serum immunoglobulins. Routine measurement of the immunoglobulins in the face of normal total serum protein can be performed on a less frequent basis as is presently recommended by accrediting agencies, although this study should be performed more often during the first six months of a serial plasmapheresis program. PMID- 53920 TI - The effect of hydroxyethyl starch on in vitro platelet and granulocyte function. AB - The effect of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on granulocyte and platelet functions was assessed. No alteration of granulocyte viability, morphology, phagocytic ability, or bactericidal capacity was detected after incubation with 6 per cent HES at 25 C for two hours. Platelet morphology, size distribution, aggregation, nucleotide and serotonin release, and platelet factor-3 availability were also unchanged after exposure to HES. It is concluded that HES has no adverse effect on cell function and appears to be a suitable adjuvant agent for blood cell component collection. PMID- 53921 TI - Viability of granulocytes obtained by filtration leukapheresis. AB - Nylon filtration alters the morphology of human granulocytes and slightly reduces their phagocytic ability as measured by activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) pathway of glucose metabolism. In addition, the ability of rat granulocytes to circulate in granulocytopenic rats is reduced, and this is not attributed to HMS activation during filtration. The activation of the hexose monophosphate shunt is related to the size of the particles rather than to the nature of the material. PMID- 53922 TI - Use of hydroxyethyl starch to improve granulocyte collection in the Latham blood processor. AB - This report describes a practical, relatively inexpensive system of leukapheresis and plateletpheresis, utilizing the Haemonetics blood processor. The results of 236 phereses of normal donors are reported, with particular attention to an evaluation of five different anticoagulant mixtures: ACD, 2 per cent citrate in saline, and three different combinations of citrate and hydroxyethyl starch (HES). These mixtures were compared with respect to their effectiveness in the harvesting of granylocytes and platelets, respectively. The best harvest of granulocytes (3.5 X 10(9) cells per liter of blood processed) was with 6 per cent HES anticoagulated with trisodium citrate. All solutions gave about the same platelet yields (a mean of 1.6 X 10(11) per liter of blood processed). Because of its higher citrate content, ACD caused three times as many donor reactions as the other solutions. The use of HES thus permits this widely available plateletpheresis system to be used for leukapheresis with only minimal procedural modification. PMID- 53923 TI - The solid phase radioimmunoassay technique for hepatitis B (surface) antigen: effects of progressive modification. AB - Serum specimens submitted for confirmation of hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) reactivity were tested by counterelectrophoresis (CEP) and by three modifications of the solid phase radioimmunoassay "sandwich" technique (SPRIA). In addition, the specificity of each reaction was determined for two of the SPRIA test methods. One hundred seventy-five of the 688 specimens were reactive by all techniques and a further 60 ere specifically reactive by two of modifications of SPRIA. An additional five specimens were positive by a third SPRIA modification. The primary SPRIA technique, using a homologous guinea pig antibody sandwich, detected 184 nonspecific reactive samples. With the same test done at 45C with a reduced incubation time, there were only 37 nonspecific reactive samples. None of the nonspecific samples was detected when the SPRIA technique used a heterologous guinea pig-human antibody sandwich. The results provide a basis for estimating the effectiveness of the SPRIA technique for HBsAg testing. PMID- 53924 TI - Canine marrow grafts in donor-recipient combinations with one-way nonstimulation in mixed lymphocyte culture. PMID- 53925 TI - Allogeneic unresponsiveness to orthotopic cardiac transplants in DL-A-identical radiation chimeras. AB - Nine Cooperstown beagles of known DL-A genotypes were exposed to supralethal total-body irradiation and received bone-marrow allografts from DL-A-identical donors. Four to 5 months later, the resulting chimeras received orthotopic cardiac allografts from their corresponding donors of marrow. Six chimeras died of operative complications in the immediate postoperative period. The other 3 chimeras survived from 173 to 547 days; 1 dog died at 173 days as a result of right-sided heart failure, secondary to stenosis at the site of the pulmonary artery anastomosis. The other two recipients continue to be active and healthy at 545 and 547 days. The results indicate that dogs can be rendered specifically tolerant to orthotopic cardiac allografts by supralethal total-body irradiation and the transplantation of marrow obtained from the prospective allograft donor. PMID- 53926 TI - Physicochemical properties of canine IgE. PMID- 53927 TI - Evidence for an allotypic marker on canine immunoglobulin. PMID- 53928 TI - [Zinc-iodine-osmium impregnation of giant synaptosomes obtained from the hippocampal formation of the rabbit]. AB - The fraction of giant synaptosomes from the r. inferior of the rabbit hippocampus was studied using impregnation with zinc iodide-osmium tetroxide (XIO) reagent and electron microscopy. In this fraction, light and dark synaptosomes were observed. The reaction product was found in the clear-centered synaptic vesicles (200-400 A) as electron-dense structures of different forms and small osmiophilic particles on the vesicular membranes. Dense-cored vesicles and postsynaptic structures were not revealed with ZIO-reagent. The structures revealed with ZIO reagent in the giant synaptosomes of the hippocampus are supposedly related to stroage of the neurotransmitter-glutamate. PMID- 53929 TI - [Conditions of periodic oxidation in the determination of the fluorescent PAS reaction]. AB - The effect of temperature, pH, and concentration of potassium periodate solution on the intensity of fluorescence PAS-reaction was studied. The reaction was shown to be most specific in respect to glycogen at the temperature of oxidizer 4 degrees C (optimal time of oxidation being 10-12 hr). Similar results were also obtained at 20 degrees (optimal time of oxidation being 1.5 hr). Under these conditions the curve of dependence of the reaction intensity on the time of auramine-SO2 treatment double-stepped character which can be due to the presence of two glycogen fractions in hepatic cells. The fluorescence PAS-reaction intensity varied in significantly when the periodate concentration changed from 0.8 to 1.2% (from 0.2 to 0.8%) it gradually increased and pH -from 2.0 to 6.0. PMID- 53930 TI - [Differential staining of the chromosomes in transplanted ascites tumors in mice (in connection with the discussion on the existence of the NK/Ly strain)]. AB - When studying the Q-, G-, and C-bands, the character of acrocentric chromosomes' bands was found to be varying even within the same tumor. However, the bands of the markerchromosomes A and B coincide in NK/Ly and in the Ehrlich--Lettres tumors. With the aid of staining for revealing C-bands, the acrocentric markers "cc" and "ac" common for both tumors, were first noted. This corroborates the opinion of the replacement of NK/Ly by the Ehrlice-Lettres tumor. PMID- 53931 TI - [Age changes in the composition of immunoglobulins in cattle]. AB - The electrophoretic and immunochemical methods as well as gelfiltration through Sephadex G-200 showed that there are no immunoglobulins in blood serum of fetuses and new-born calves. Specific proteins in a zone of gamma-globulins electrophoretic mobility which correspond to Ig M and Ig A are found in the serum of calves 3 hrs after their feeding on colostrum. The content of these proteins reaches the maximum on the third day of life but at the age of three months it lowers up to minimum. On the third month after birth in the blood serum of calves there appears a new protein in a zone of gamma2-globulins mobility which correspond to Im G-main immunoglobulin of adult animals. An assumption is advanced that the protective functions of calves of the early age are found chiefly with immunoglobulins Ig M and Ig A. PMID- 53932 TI - [Mechanical and functional obstructions in the posterior urethra in the male]. PMID- 53933 TI - Cryosurgery of the prostate and transurethral resection in poor surgical risk patients. A comparative clinical follow-up study. PMID- 53934 TI - [Effect of lindane on the biological effectiveness of estradiol in chickens]. AB - After exposure of sexually immature chickens to lindan in doses of 2.5 to 25.0 mg kg-1 of feeds, the effect of the insecticide on the biological activity of estradiol was investigated. The changes in the effectiveness of estrogen, expressed by an increase of the mass of the oviduct and of the level of serum calcium, were evaluated by means of comparison of animals exposed to the insecticide with a control group that had been applied only the standard hormone dose. Proofs were obtained for the fact that the application of lindan in the quantity of the mentioned doses for 14 days caused a statistically conclusive depression of the biological effectiveness of estrogens. Compared with the control group, the stimulated mass of the oviduct of animals exposed to the insecticide was smaller by 12.7 to 17.1 p. c. and the average concentration of the serum calcium decreased by 8.0 to 27.6 p. c. The results obtained indicate that the influence of lindan already in relatively low concentrations caused significant changes in the effectiveness of exogenous estrogens. PMID- 53935 TI - [Changes in the biological activity of androgens after the exposure of cockerels to lindane]. AB - A biological test was performed to study the changes in the effectiveness of androgens after the administration of different doses of lindane to sexually immature cockerels. Testosterone-propionate and Stenolon were used as reference hormones. The results indicate that the administration of lindane increases the biological effectiveness of testosterone-propionate expressed through the stimulation of the growth of comb. On the other hand, the effect of the insecticide caused a statistically highly significant reduction of androgenic activity when Stenolon was used as a reference preparation. The causes leading to different manifestations of the interactions of lindane with the two hormones tested are analyzed. The paper gives further proofs that the exposure of poultry to relatively low doses of chlorinated insecticides interferes with the biological effectiveness of sex hromones. PMID- 53936 TI - Practice laboratory bacteriology. PMID- 53937 TI - The practice laboratory: the interpretation of blood smears. PMID- 53938 TI - [Effect of passive immunity on subsequent vaccination against swine fever]. AB - Studied was the effect of a serum paratyph and Aujeszky gammaglobulin injected 10, 15, and 20 days prior to the crystal-violet and the lapinized vaccine. If the animals were infected with a pathogenic swine fever virus 10 to 15 days after their treatment with serum at the rate of 0.5 cu. cm per kg, part of them died, and the remaining contracted the disease showing a protracted course. The control vaccination on the 20th day after the animals were injected with serum led to the death of all of them showing the signs of acute swine fever. Most of the pigs injected with 5 cu. cm gamma-globulin each and 10--15 days later being infected with a swine fever virus manifested the disease, however, none of them died of the disease. If, however, after treatment with gamma-globulin they were challenged on the 20th day all of them died of acute swine fever. In the immunization of pigs with a crystal-violet vaccine on the 14th day of their treatment with Aujeszky gamma-globulin, part of them developed an atypical form of the disease, while most of them did not show symptoms whatever of swine fever. Of the immunized with a lapinized vaccine some died, and the remaining part did not contract the disease at all. All this pointed to the fact that the residual antibodies against swine fever contained in the specific Aujeszky gamma-globulin could still be in a position to inhibit the vaccinal virus, and more specifically that of the lapinized K vaccine. The vaccination against swine fever should be performed 14 days after the injection of the serum paratyph and about 20 days after the injection of the Aujeszky gammaglobulin. PMID- 53939 TI - Reconstruction of potato virus X in vitro. II. Characterization of the reconstituted product. PMID- 53940 TI - [Cells of rat lymphosarcoma in chambers for intravital microscopy]. AB - In a chamber for intra vital microscopy, implanted subcutaneously in a rat, stained rat lymphosarcoma cells were applied into a preliminary formed connective tissue layer. The process of intracellular transformation of a dye and its elimination from the cytoplasm was observed. Following elimination of the dye a duplication of lymphosarcoma cells would proceed. This is a very intensive process, and after 5-7 days the connective tissue is completely substituted by tumor cells. PMID- 53941 TI - [Possibility of detection of alpha-fetoprotein in the erythrocytes of patients with primary liver cancer]. PMID- 53942 TI - [Assessment of the mental and physical development of children subjected to surgery for hydrocephalus during infancy and early childhood]. AB - Some psychoneurological problems related to the operative treatment of hydrocephalus at an early age are discussed. Under a continual observation for a period of 2 years were kept 28 children-hydrocephals who had undergone ventriculoatriostomy. Once a month they were subjected to a psychoneurological examination according to a program described in the article. During each investigation the dynamics of the psychophysiological development of the children was analyzed and the degree of their mental and physical progress determined. On expiration of 22 months 32 per cent of the children were found to be fully in keeping with the average development standards, this number remaining stable during the last 5-6 months. The author attempts to justify the need for a continuous psycho-neurological control over such surgical patients, as well as the necessity to follow a definitely set system of screening such patients for surgery, well-based on pertinent psycho-neurological criteria. PMID- 53943 TI - [Surgical treatment of hemispheric ischemic strokes (review of the literature)]. PMID- 53944 TI - [Role of vitamins in the prevention of atherosclerosis]. AB - Persons doing brain work and taking aerovit in three courses of 30 days each with intervals of 5-6 months were kept under observation over a period of 13-15 months. While improving the vitamin allowance the course-wise taking of aerovit helped normalize the lipids metabolism factors characterizing an increased predisposition to atherosclerosis, the favourable effect being traced for 4-5 months after discontinuance of the preparation ingestion. Repeated courses contributed to a further improvement of the lipoid metabolism. A tendency towards positive changes in the tonicity of the intracranial vessels was recorded, while in subjects with an increased pulse wave propagation rate along the elastic type vessels this tonicity was seen to decline. With the available data on the positive effect of aerovit upon the lipoid and protein metabolism and some clinical and instrumental findings serving as a background an inference is made that a prolonged (course-wise) application of aerovit can be of help in preventing the development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 53945 TI - [Testing of the effect of Imposit throat tablets in double-blind test]. PMID- 53946 TI - [Prostatic carcinoma--curative and palliative treatment]. PMID- 53947 TI - [Combined environmental factors at the working site in the morphological picture]. PMID- 53948 TI - Bleomycin in testicular teratomas. AB - Bleomycin and its combinations have a definite place in the treatment of metastatic testicular carcinomas other than seminomas and may also prove to be effective, when given as adjuvant postoperative therapy in state II disease. A study, using the combination of Bleomycin and CCNU in 17 patients with metastatic testicular teratoma, is reported. A remission rate of 59% has been observed. Only patients with a complete remission had a satisfactory remission duration. Sequential combinations, using all drugs effective in this disease, may be the most promising way to further improve therapeutic results in terms of remission rate and survival. PMID- 53949 TI - [Proceedings: Use of prindolol in acute myocardial infarct with control of hemodynamics]. PMID- 53950 TI - [Proceedings: Ventricular extrasystole under stress, cardiac size, findings of coronary angiography and ventriculography in post-infarct patients]. PMID- 53951 TI - [Proceedings: Antibodies against myocardial sarcolemma in primary cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 53952 TI - [Proceedings: Identification of reversible-asynergic myocardial regions by means of postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP) and application of nitrate]. PMID- 53953 TI - [Proceedings: Effect of aprindine on extrasystole and hemodynamics in an exertion study]. PMID- 53954 TI - The histological and histochemical studies on the ovary in relation to vitellogenesis in the dragonfly, Orthetrum chrysis Selys (Libellulidae: Odonata). AB - The ovaries consist of large number of panoistic ovarioles in the last instar nymph and the adult dragonfly Orthetrum chrysis (Selys). In the nymph the vitellaria are compactly filled with the primary oocytes and the vitellogenesis takes place only in the adult stage. During vitellogenesis oocytes change widely in their shape, size and cytological organisation and their developmental stages can be divided into pre-vitellogenic, early-vitellogenic, vitellogenic, late vitellogenic and maturation age. PAS-positive material appears first around the germinal vesicle in the early-vitellogenic stage and lateron it migrates towards the periphery. Glycogen appears in the late-vitellogenic stage. DNA is abundantly present in the nuclei of the oocytes during the pre-vitellogenic and completely absent in early-vitellogenic, vitellogenic, late-vitellogenic and maturation stages. It is observed in the nuclei of follicular epithelial cells of all the stages. RNA is abundantly present in cytoplasm of the pre-vitellogenic oocytes but lateron is gradually decreases. During the early-vitellogenic and vitellogenic stages high concentration of RNA in the follicular epithelial cells has been observed. The protein bodies appear first in the interfollicular spaces and towards the periphery of the oocytes just near the enveloping follicular epithelial cells, during the early-vitellogenic stage suggesting the formation of yolk proteins from the haemolymph. In Orthetrum chrysis the sudanophilic bodies appear first in the follicular cells and then lie in the peripheral region of the oocytes suggesting the incorporation of yolk lipid either from the follicular epithelium or from the haemolymph through the follicular epithelium. The phospholipids are synthesised in pre-vitellogenic to the late-vitellogenic stages. In the late-vitellogenic stages the phospholipid granules are present abundantly in the follicular epithelium while in the maturation stage they disappear suggesting their utilisation in the formation of membranes like vitelline and chorion. The neutral fats are present in the form of large number of droplets in the oocytes during the maturation stage. PMID- 53955 TI - Cellular composition of the islets of langerhans in the himalayan toad, Bufo melanostictus (Schneider): a light microscopical study. AB - The pancreatic islet tissue of Bufo melanostictus, investigated by differential staining techniques, is generally condensed in the anterior and middle regions, and contains distinguishable islets of various size, shape and or irregular configuration. Histologically, 3 distinct cell types have been identified: B, A1 and A2. Various tinctorial characteristics of B cells reveal that they correspond to the insulin producing B-cells of other vertebrates. The A cells are a few in number, some of which definitely show positive argyrophilia (= A1). A few isolated A- and B-cells are found scattered in the exocrine tissue. A conspicuous feature of several B-cells in some specimens of Bufo melanostictus is the presence of vacuoles of varying size. PMID- 53956 TI - Variants in the histochemical patterns of lipids in the hepatopancreas of Scylla serrata (Forskal) (Brachyura, Decapoda). AB - The highest concentrations of phospholipid, neutral lipid and fatty acids were observed in the R cells and connective tissue of the hepatopancreas of Scylla serrata. The basal parts of the B cells and apical parts of the cells lining the main duct also showed moderate presence of these substances. The E cells however, except at their cell membranes were found to be devoid of lipids. F cells on the other hand exhibited lipoid complexes. Considerable reduction in the staining intensity of fatty acids were noticed 4 h after the bilateral ablation of eyestalks, neutral lipid undergo depletion 24 h after the operation whereas phospholipid reserves increase 48 h after the eyestalk removal. A fall in the quantity of neutral lipid and phospholipid was conspicuous when eyestalk extract was injected into normal or destalked crabs. From the present data it appears that R cells and connective tissue form major sites of lipid storage and in an intermolt animal eyestalk factor(s) may have an important role in the control of lipid metabolism. PMID- 53957 TI - [Measurements of cell nuclei in blood smears from frogs]. AB - In the blood-spread of frog size and extinction of nuclei of erythrocytes, thrombocytes and neutrophile leucocytes with segmental nucleus were investigated. The substance of nucleus was made visible by means of colouring in according to May-Grunwald and the DNA-content in according to Feulgen-reaction. The thickeness of layer and relief of the spread were recorded and measured with a touch equipment. The nuclei and segments of nucleus, which are flat disks in the dry spread (nuclei of thrombocytes are about 0.75 mum thick), are considered to be rotational ellipsoids in the fluid blood; volume, surface and quantity of DNA are calculated. The erythrocytes have the smallest. the leucocytes the largest quantity of DNA in the nucleus. The concentration of the substance of nucleus and of the DNA increases with the dryness of the spread, to about the sixfold value at the nuclei of thrombocytes. PMID- 53958 TI - [Lead poisoning due to automobile exhaust demonstrated by delta aminolevulinic acid determinations]. PMID- 53959 TI - [Comparison of levels of 14 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sedimented dust and suspended air particles along asphalted and cemented highway stretches between Lausanne and Geneva]. PMID- 53960 TI - [From screening to the final diagnosis in suspect cases]. PMID- 53961 TI - [Humoral diagnosis of cancer]. PMID- 53962 TI - [Serum levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, alpha-1 antitrypsin and complement (beta-1-C) before and following 3- and 6-day injections of D-penicillamine in man]. AB - The serum levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin, alpha-2 macroglobulin and complement (beta-1-C) were measured by the radioimmunodiffusion method of Mancini before treatment, after three days treatment with D penicillamine (1,00 g. i. v. daily) and after treatment for 3 days with 2 x 1,00 g i. v. D-Penicillamine. The levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin, coeruloplasmin and transferrin dropped significantly after 3 days' treatment. Doubling the dosage for 3 days induced a further drop in transferrin and ceruloplasmin. The alpha-2 macroglobulin was not further influenced. The levels of alpha-1-antitrypsin and complement were not influenced by D-Penicillamine treatment. KEYWORDS: D penicillamine, alpha-1-Antitrypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, transferrin, ceruloplasmin, complement (beta-1-C). PMID- 53963 TI - [The spontaneous NBT-test in granulocytes of patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - 30 patients with definite seronegative juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and 3 patients with tendosynovitis and unclear arthralgia respectively were examined by the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test (46 tests). A positive result could be obtained in 72 per cent of the examinations. Patients with a joint manifestation of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis showed relatively more positive results than patients with Morbus Wissler and the transition forms of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Tendosynovitis and unclear arthralgia were negative in the NBT test. The NBT test is not useful for the differentiation of bacterial-septic and rheumatoid-inflammatory joint diseases. PMID- 53964 TI - [Hemostyptic variant of the suprapubic prostatic adenomectomy with regard to postoperative vesico-ureteral reflux (preliminary communication)]. PMID- 53965 TI - [On the effect of some inhibitors of proteinbiosynthesis on activity and learning behavior of goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus L)]. AB - Concerning the problems of learning and memory there is a distinction of a short term memory (STM) and a long term memory (LTM). It is supposed that the STM is an electrical phenomenon, whereas the LTM depends on material changes. The assumed materials are RNA, proteins, lipids, amines etc, and the primary carrier of the information is DNA. But there is a discrepancy: learning-specificity is based on environmental changes, but not the structure of DNA. For the investigation of this, we trained goldfish in a shock-free task to take food from coloured cups under the influence of inhibitors of the proteinbiosynthesis. There was no inhibition on memory-processes in our experiments. PMID- 53966 TI - [Audiovision: review and prospects]. PMID- 53967 TI - [Post-transfusion hepatitis]. PMID- 53968 TI - The adaptation of fluorescence microscopy for Nocardia asteroides: a preliminary report. AB - The Fluorescence Microscope is extremely effective in revealing the presence and morphology of Nocardia asteroides. This has been effectively demonstrated when the Auramine Fluorochrome was decolourized with 1% H2SO4 and the interval of decolourization was limited to two minutes and thirty seconds. When Nocardia asteroids was seeded in sputum found to be negative for acid-fast organisms and in greatly diluted quantities after one hour intervals, its presence was still revealed with the Flourescence Microscope. The normally employed Kinyoun technique of acid-fastness was seen to be less effective under the same conditions. PMID- 53969 TI - Antigenic subgroups of hepatitis B (surface) antigen in Berlin (West) and their epidemiological aspects. AB - Sera of 334 hepatitis B patients and 118 sera of HBsAg carriers were tested for the distribution of the subgroups ad and ay by means of rheophoresis technique or solid phase radiommunoassay. The distribution of subgroups revealed a typical pattern. The ad-antigen determinant was more frequent in hepatitis B patients, blood donors and hemodialysis patients whereas the ay determinant was detected in drug users, guest workers and juveniles at a considerably higher percentage. The difference in distribution is discussed as an epidemiological phenomenon of hepatitis B virus, dependent on environmental factors characteristic for certain groups of the population. The routine testing for HGsAg subgroups is recommended as a valuable epidemiologic tool. PMID- 53970 TI - [The serum gamma-globulin picture in leucosis of cattle and sheep]. PMID- 53971 TI - [Content of antibodies to certain cardiotropic strains of enteral viruses in commercial gamma-globulin preparations]. PMID- 53972 TI - [Use of immunosorbents for determining antibodies to histaglobulin]. AB - A determination was made of antibodies to histaglobulin and gamma-globulin with the aid of immunosrobents in 178 sera of children suffering from allergic diseases, during the histaglobulin therapy. Results of investigations showed antibodies to histaglobulins to be absent in children untreated by this preparation. But they appeared in 57% of cases after the first course of histaglobulin treatment, and their incidence and their average level increased with an increase in the number of the courses of treatment carried out. gamma Globulin antibodies were found at the initial condition in 42% of cases; this percentage rose to 68 after the first course of histoglobulin treatment. The authors believe that determination of histaglobulin antibodies during the treatment with this preparation could serve as an auxiliary immunological criterion of the efficacy of histaglobulin therapy. PMID- 53973 TI - [Spread of viral hepatitis in organized children's collectives and the methods for its early diagnosis]. AB - The authors present the results of observations over 407 children aged from 2 months to 16 years from the foci of viral hepatitis in children's collective bodies. During the quarantine a determination was made in children of the glutamic-pyroracemic, glutamic-oxalic transaminases (GPT and GOT, respectively) and of the hepatitis B antigen (HBAg). A necessity of using the enzymatic tests for the purpose of early diagnosis of viral hepatitis was shown, since 84% of the cases developing in the next focus coursed as an unicteric form without any markked clinical signs; HBAg was revealed in 6.1% of the children examined. A complex examination of the personnel and of the persons who came in contact with the patients with viral hepatitis showed the ways of spread of hepatitis B in a collective body; it was found that the viral hepatitis B infection took place both by parenteral and enteral routes. The expediency of active observation over the children, recipients of blood and plasma, with determination in them of the activity of the enzymes and HBAg for early diagnosis of parenteral infection was substantiated. It was also shown that the incidence of the unicteric forms of viral hepatitis in a focus of infection depended not on the periods of gamma globulin administration but on the age of children who contracted the infection. Thus, the prevalence of the unicteric forms of the disease over the icteric ones in children under 3 years of age was more pronounced than in older children. PMID- 53974 TI - [Cultivation of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A on semisynthetic liquid nutrient media]. AB - In cultivation of meningococcus of serological group A in fluid semisynthetic medium of simple composition prepared on the basis of purified acid casein hydrolysate with profound splitting there were obtained microbial cultures with a density of 4-5 x 10(9) microbial cells per 1 ml after 20-24 hours of cultivation with shaking. Alkalinity of the medium increased (to pH 8.0-8.2 during the stationary phase) with increase of the microbial cell concentration. A study of the accumulation of group-specific thermostable polysaccharide antigen in dynamics of meningococcus cultivation on semisynthetic medium tested showed the preparations obtained by alcoholic precipitation to be colourless and to contain much antigen (by inhibition of indirect hemagglutination), particularly at the phasees of negative growth acceleration and at the stationary phase. The suggested fluid semisynthetic medium of simple composition could be used for production of diagnostic and prophylactic meningococcus preparations belonging to the serological group A. PMID- 53975 TI - [The reactivity of lupus erythematosus serum with native and denatured DNA of various origins]. AB - The serum of a female suffering from Lupus erythematosus visceralis was investigated by complement fixation for the reaction with native and denatured DNA's of various base composition. The reaction with native DNA is independent on the (G+C)-content of the DNA. It is apparent that the responsible antibodies react with determinants of the helical conformation, which are identical in the various DNA-molecules. Quantitative differences are found with denatured DNA's. The strongest complement fixation is observed with (G+C)-rich denatured DNA. The reaction with denatured DNA is only partially inhibited by DNA digest. These antibodies obviously react with sequential determinants containing bases. Therefore, they are induced by a different mechanism of sensitization. PMID- 53976 TI - [Methods for the separation of lymphocytes]. AB - The paper reviews the currently available methods for lymphocyte separation, with particular reference to their effectiveness. Procedures based on density and size, such as density gradient centrifugation and sedimentation and size filtration on columns, allow accumulation of lymphocytes of different degree of differentiation, but do not permit any quantitative separation of distinct lymphocyte populations, because density and size of cells are properties strongly varying with the degree of development and physiological state of the cells. Differences of the cells' net potential cause differential adhesion of lymphoid cells to glass or other materials, and lead to varying migration speeds in the electric field. Adherence columns afford only partial separation of T and B cells, whereas favourable results have been obtained by preparative cell electrophoresis. Special membrane structures, such as differentiation antigens including membrane-bound immunoglobulins, cell receptors and transplantation antigens make possible a specific separation of lymphocytes. Essentially, the following 5 methods are being used: 1. Cytolytic treatment of the cells with antisera against differentiation antigens in the presence of complement. 2. Rosette separation 2.1 Rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (SE) or with antigen-coaded SE for the isolation of antigen-binding lymphocytes. 2.2 Rosette formation by antigen-antibody-complement complexes (B rosettes) 2.3 Rosette formation with SE by human T lymphocytes (T rosettes) 2.1--2.3. Separation of the rosettes from the free lymphocytes by centrifugation or sedimentation. PMID- 53977 TI - [Original techniques for biliary surgery (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Aspiration of intrahepatic stones. This uses a catheter designed for selective aortography with a special probe, short and provided with a soft cap. The instrument is inserted in the hepatic canal to the contact of the stone, under TV guidance. Strong suction allows extraction. 2. Hepato-gastric prosthesis as palliative. Treatment for cancer of the biliary tract. A. Pezzer sound is placed in a dilated hepatic canal at one end, the other being fixed in the stomach. This is an ultimate solution for far advanced cases, that can only suppress the itching. PMID- 53978 TI - Studies of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland with special reference to the effects of transection of the pituitary stalk. PMID- 53979 TI - [The role of surgery in the multidisciplinary treatment of cancer of the rectum (author's transl)]. PMID- 53980 TI - Treatment of duodenal ulcer with a long-acting synthetic secretin: a pilot trial. AB - In three male duodenal ulcer patients, the effects of a 4-week treatment with a long-acting synthetic secretin -- daily s.c. administrations of 10 clinical units secretin/kg b.w. -- were assessed symptomatically, endoscopically, immunologically, and by means of gastric and pancreatic secretory analyses. Improvement in epigastric pain was noted within a few days following the onset of secretin therapy. In all cases, duodenoscopy revealed complete healing of ulcers after a 2- to 3-week treatment period. Before therapy, cutaneous anaphylactoid reactions due to intradermal injections of secretin could be elicited in each subject; skin reactions were found mitigated after 4 weeks of therapeutic secretin administration thus suggesting some desensitisation. Neither gastric acid secretion nor pancreatic bicarbonate production were substantially influenced by the 4-week course of secretin therapy; consequently, prevention of ulcer relapse is rather unlikely to be achievable with the conditions employed in this study. However, it seems therapeutically promising that the duodenal ulcers under study showed complete healing already after 2-3 weeks of secretin administration. PMID- 53981 TI - [Use of hydroxyethyl starch as a cryoprotective medium during platelet storage at low temperatures]. AB - The effects of HES and HES + DMSO used as cryoprotective media for storage of human platelets in liquid nitrogen and vapor phase of liquid nitrogen were studied. Solution of 6% and 15% HES with molecular weight ranging from 65,000 to 250,000, and 10% DMSO were used. The criteria accepted for evaluation of the efficiency of these cryoprotective media were: 1. platelet counts, 2. participation of platelets in the processes of hemostasis measured in vitro by the ability of platelets to release adenine nucleotides (ATP + ADP) after thrombin stimulation. It was found that 15% HES is a more effective cryoprotective medium than 6% HES. The use of 15% HES + 10% DMSO gave similar results as the use of 10% DMSO alone. PMID- 53982 TI - [Biochemistry of the group P system]. PMID- 53983 TI - The effects of antitumor agents on carcinoma cells: bleomycin's effects on Ehrlich's carcinoma. PMID- 53984 TI - A controlled study of allergen production in cultures of Dermatophadoides pteronyssinus. AB - Allergenic substances have been isolated from cultures of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus on wheat germ flakes and powdered yeast; as controls, non-sterile nutrient medium containing no mites, as well as sterile medium, were maintained and extracted under identical conditions. Chemical purification and analyses indicated the occurrence of skin-active allergens in all three preparations. This was confirmed by the assay of skin-reactivity in vivo and complement-inactivating capacity in vitro. Quantitatively, the medium containing bacteria and fungi contained more allergen than the sterile control, but less than the mite-infected medium. The evidence indicates that degradation reactions of nutrient components proceed faster in the non-sterile media than in the sterile control. The results of immunochemical analyses demonstrate that degradation reactions, give rise to the introduction of lysine-sugar structures inot high-molecular weight components from the medium. It is concluded that mites and micro-organisms have a role in allergen formation by promoting degradation reactions among nutrient constituents. PMID- 53985 TI - [Section staining technique for whole body autoradiographic studies of the mice]. PMID- 53986 TI - [New selective silver impregnation methods for the study of degenerating nerve fibers]. PMID- 53987 TI - Similar geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis and cancer of the colon. AB - A search was made of all diseases listed in the Annual Statistics of the World Health Organization to determine if any disease had the peculiar geographical distribution of multiple sclerosis. Of the approximately 83 diseases listed, only cancer of the colon was similar in geographical distribution and in the slight preponderance of females dying with the disease. The epidemiology of both diseases is reviewed, particularly with regard to their appearance in certain migrant populations. PMID- 53988 TI - Effect of encephalitogenic protein on the migration in agarose of leucocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis. Correlations with clinical parameters, localization of antigenic determinants, and influence of corticotrophin treatment. AB - We have extended the results from our previous investigation of the reactivity of leucocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis and some other neurological diseases to bovine encephalitogenic protein, using the migration in agarose technique. 1. Reactivity (i.e. behaviour in the test deviating from that expected with cells from healthy subjects) is manifested either as an enhancement or an inhibition of leucocyte migration. 2. The incidence of subjects with cells showing reactivity to encephalitogenic protein is higher in the group of patients with multiple sclerosis than in the group of patients with other neurological diseases. 3. Reactivity to encephalitogenic protein is correlated to disease course score; patients with a chronic progression of the disease show the strongest reactivity in the test. 4. The tryptophan-containing region of the encephalitogenic protein appears to be a major determinant of significance for this test. 5. Patients tested during corticotrophin treatment tend to show a higher degree of reactivity in the test than expected-the increased reactivity seems to be primarily directed to the tryptophan-containing region. PMID- 53989 TI - Some specific aspects of cell-surface recognition by sipunculid coelomocytes. PMID- 53990 TI - Polyfunctional antigen-binding specificity in hapten-carrier responses of the newt, Triturus viridescens. PMID- 53991 TI - Biological inhibitors of lymphoid cell division. PMID- 53992 TI - [Adsorption of polycyclic compound to uveal melanin granule (author's transl)]. PMID- 53993 TI - [Epitheliomas of the mouth floor and tongue. Comparative study]. PMID- 53994 TI - Long-term treatment of ventricular arrhythmias with oral mexiletine. AB - Twenty-four patients with ventricular arrhythmias were treated with oral mexiletine for periods of from one to 16 months (total 10.4 patient-years). In 19 patients arrhythmias were satisfactorily controlled and plasma levels previously shown to be within the therapeutic range were maintained on an 8 hourly regimen. The drug was well tolerated in most patients and regular hematological and biochemical screening revealed no problems of toxicity. PMID- 53995 TI - Letter: Concealed ventricular extrasystoles. PMID- 53996 TI - A comparison of the unlabeled enzyme method with immunofluorescence for the evaluation of human immunologic renal disease. AB - The application of the unlabeled enzyme method to immunostaining of human renal biopsy material is described. The specificity and sensitivity of this technic were compared with those of standard immunofluorescent staining procedures. The unlabeled enzyme method, although a lengthier procedure, has proven to be as specific and at least as sensitive as conventional fluorescent staining. The advantages of the procedure are its permanence, its compatibility with conventional staining procedures, and the avoidance of fluorescent microscopy for evaluation. PMID- 53997 TI - Phosphorylase activity in chronic erythremic myelosis. AB - Phosphorylase activity was detected in the cytoplasm of erythroid precursors of 6 of 7 patients with chronic erythremic myelosis (Di Guglielmo syndrome), in proerythroblasts and megaloblasts from 3 patients with pernicious anemia and in 2 patients with severe folate deficiency in neoplastic lymphocytes from 2 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and in 1 patient with leukemic lymphosarcoma. In all of these patients, most of the erythroid precursors and/or neoplastic lymphocytes contained increased amounts of glycogen when stained with the PAS reagent. Phosphorylase activity was not detected in erythroid precursors obtained from 6 presumed normal individuals or from 3 of 7 patients with a variety of other types of anemia in which the erythroid precursors were PAS-negative. Similarly, phosphorylase activity was absent in lymphocytes obtained from presumed normal individuals. Although the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of PAS positivity are unclear, it is possible that the increased phosphorylase activity found in cells that are PAS-positive may reflect a disorder in the biosynthetic pathway of glycogen. PMID- 53998 TI - Nuclear diagnosis of disseminated cancer of the breast. Results of liver-, brain , and tumor-directed imaging studies. AB - Radionuclide imaging technics to identify metastases in liver and brain have preductive values that show the expected variation depending upon the prevalence of metastatic disease in the population studied. Liver scanning combined with peritoneoscopy may prove more accurate than either study alone for routine use in staging. Brain scanning is most useful when reserved for patients selected because of suspicious neurologic findings or in following the response to therapy of established metastatic disease. "Tumor-directed" scanning agents are useful in certain cases where soft-tissue metastases are suspected but cannot be identified with more conventional procedures. PMID- 53999 TI - Immunologic aspects of cancer of the breast. PMID- 54000 TI - Seven-drug polychemotherapy in the treatment of advanced and recurrent squamous carcinoma of the female genital tract. AB - Single-agent chemotherapy of advanced and recurrent squamous carcinoma of the female genital tract has been largely ineffective. Combination-drug therapy which has augmented the efficacy of chemotherapy in numerous solid and nonsolid human tumors is usually attended by a degree of toxicity that has discouraged its use against malignancies exhibiting a poor response to single agents. A seven-drug regimen consisting of cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, actinomycin D, vincristine, cytosine arabinoside, methotrexate, and bleomycin administered during a 24 hour period at 4 week intervals was selected for clinical trial against squamous malignancies of the female genitalia because of its proved broad spectrum activity among solid tumors and its low incidence of serious toxicity. Severe bone marrow depression occurred during only two of 98 drug cycles involving 23 patients. An objective tumor response was observed in nine of 18 evaluable patients. This regimen appears to be useful in the palliative management of squamous carcinoma of the female genital tract. PMID- 54001 TI - The prevention, inhibition, palliation, and treatment of endometriosis. AB - Endometriosis is a variable and enigmatic disease. In this article an attempt has been made to describe principles of management for different groups of patients who have varying manifestations of pelvic endometriosis. Different methods are described for prevention, inhibition, palliation, and treatment of endometriosis. PMID- 54002 TI - Prognostic value of antenatal screening. AB - Rates of stillbirths and first-week deaths have fallen steadily in Scotland in the last 30 years. Seventy-five per cent of all such deaths in the City of Dundee now follow the clinical condition of "antepartum hemorrhage," "premature labor," "poor fetal growth," and "lethal deformity," all of which are conditions associated with poorer environmental conditions which are worse in larger industrial cities. Therefore, we are concerned with these clinical situations and with fetal death and subsequent morbidity of children born in those situations. This paper describes in summary a planned study of antenatal screening with assessment of fetal placental hormones, fetal biparietal diameter, and other determinants of fetal well-being, the growth of the child and weight at birth, the quality of the labor, the neonatal state, and the ultimate quality of the child. PMID- 54003 TI - Lateral displacement of the bladder. PMID- 54004 TI - Residual urine determination by ultrasonic scanning. AB - In 14 patients with an indwelling catheter, 48 different determinations of bladder volume were made using 5 different ultrasonic methods. The simplest procedure, the largest sagittal diameter of the bladder in the median plane, gave only a rough estimate of the bladder volume. The product of bladder depth, height, and width, as determined from transverse and sagittal scans, showed the best correlation to the true bladder volume (r equals 0.90). Computerized reconstruction of multiple serial cross sections proved less accurate than the much simpler depth, height, width product. None of the methods for quantitation of small volumes was good, but qualitative determination of small volumes was accurate. PMID- 54005 TI - Immunological studies in human schistosomiasis. I. Parasitic antigen in urine. PMID- 54006 TI - Drusen of the iris: in advanced malignant choroidal melanoma. AB - Drusen were found in the iris between the layers of the pigment epithelium and the dilator muscle in an eye of a 52 year old patient that contained a large malignant choroidal melanoma. The significance of this unusual observation in comparison to the common drusen of Bruch's membrane of the choroid is discussed. PMID- 54007 TI - Chondroitin sulfate and electron lucent bodies in the pericellular rim about unshrunken hypertrophied chondrocytes of chick long bone. AB - Direct observation of unstained, 1 mm thick blocks of fresh epiphyseal cartilage from tibia of 15- and 18-day-old chick embryos revealed shrunken chondrocytes on its cut surfaces but unshrunken chondrocytes deep within the tissue blocks. The unshrunken hypertrophied chondrocytes are rimmed with refractile substance identified as chondroitin sulfate removable with hyaluronidase. This substance is stained metachromatically red with toluidine blue, and is stained with ruthenium red and with ruthenium red-OsO4. The latter, observed with the electron microscope, is present as an electron dense rim, specifically about the unshrunken, hypertrophied chondrocytes between the plasma membrane and lacunar wall. By rendering the chondroitin sulfate electron dense with RR-OsO4, electron lucent bodies (ELB) were revealed specifically about the hypertrophied chondrocytes. The ELB contain an electron dense core with radiating fibrils. The content and source of ELB, also found in the intercellular matrix, are not known. The 0.1% toluidine blue solution containing 0.2 M MgC12 or 0.4% NaCl or KCl stained juxtanuclear clusters of granules metachromatically red. The location of intracellular granules was believed to represent a cluster of Golgi-derived vesicles. The pericellular metachromatic, RR-OsO4-positive rim is believed to be an accumulation of externalized juxtanuclear metachromatic granules. The possibility that the ELB may also be externalized content of Golgi vesicles was entertained. PMID- 54008 TI - Changes in numbers of acidophilic and basophilic connective tissue granulated cells in the intestine of the rat during the estrous cycle. AB - Changes in physiological reproductive states of female Long-Evans hooded rats were directly correlated with changes in the concentration of acidophilic and basophilic connective tissue granulated cells in the lamina propria of the duodenum. Acidophilic granulated cell numbers were significantly higher at estrus and metestrus than at other stages of the estrous cycle or in the immature state. apcidophilic granulated cell numbers during pregnancy were not significantly different from cell numbers quantified during metestrus, diestrus, or proestrus, but were significantly lower than cell numbers during estrus. Late lactation (21 25 days) was associated with significant decreases in the numbers of acidophilic granulated cells from numbers observed during the estrous cycle and during pregnancy. Basophilic granulated cell numbers did not differ significantly during the estrous cycle, although the highest numbers were observed during proestrus. Basophilic granulated cell numbers were significantly higher during pregnancy than during the estrous cycle. Basophilic granulated cell counts in late lactation were comparable to numbers quantified in estrus, metestrus, and diestrus, but were significantly lower than during proestrus and pregnancy. PMID- 54009 TI - Agglutinability of cattle red cells. 4. The effect of antiglobulin in comparison with treatment by pronase. AB - The average titre scores varied from zero to 24.7 for the cattle red cells (CRC) from different MZ pairs. These CRC were sensitized with different blood-typing reagents and were titre-tested against the double dilution series of an anti bovine gamma-globulin serum. A significant negative correlation (r = - 0.82; P less than 0.001) was found between the degree of agglutinability and the amount of neuraminic acid of the surface component of CRC cleaved by pronase. After pronase treatment of the CRC it could be demonstrated that (1) the activity of the V and E'3 blood factors became destroyed; (2) three new specific receptors became evolved; (3) the degree of 'direct' agglutinability due to the A2, O3, W, S2 and Z anti-sera did not parallel with the titre scores obtained in the anti globulin tests. PMID- 54010 TI - [Radioimmunologic assay of alpha-fetoprotein in various normal and pathological conditions]. AB - AFP can be measured by radioimmunoassay in 52 hours using an incubation at 18 degrees C for 48 hours and the double antibody solid phase method to separate the free labelled AFP from the labelled AFP bound to the antibodies. In these conditions, the sensitivity and precision of the assay are very satisfactory and the results are directly in correlation with the results obtained using the classical double antibody method. In the serum of normal people, except pregnant women, the concentration of AFP is not detectable or is less than 20 ng/ml. In the serum of pregnant women, AFP increases from the 8th. week of gestation to the 32nd., then stabilises or gradually decreases. PMID- 54011 TI - Communicating effectively: how do you know what you're saying is being heard? PMID- 54012 TI - The role of alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha-macroglobulins in the uptake of proteinase by rabbit alveolar macrophages. AB - Proteinases in plasma bind largely to alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha-macroglobin. The latter is represented in humans by alpha2-macroglobulin and in the rabbit by alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1-macroglobulin. There is a selective and rapid uptake of proteinase-macroglobulin complexes by rabbit alveolar macrophages. It was found that complexes of labelled trypsin or subtilopeptidase A with rabbit alpha1-antitrypsin do not become similarly associated with rabbit alveolar macrophages. Moreover, proteinase-alpha1-antitrypsin complexes failed to inhibit the uptake of labelled proteinase-macroglobulin complexes. Thus, the interaction with macrophages of proteinase-macroglobulin complexes represents a pathway of proteinase metabolism distinct from that involving proteinase bound to alpha1 antitrypsin. PMID- 54013 TI - Ascorbic acid requirements and metabolism in relation to organochlorine pesticides. AB - Those organochlorine pesticides which possess both high lipoid solubility and high resistance to biodegradation are prone to accumulation in animal tissues and produce relatively long-term effects as toxicants. Such compounds, typified by DDT, Dieldrin, and Lindane, are profound inducers of hepatic microsomal enzymes, including parts of the glucuronic acid and ascorbic acid biosynthetic pathways. Consequently, administering such pesticides to rats in accompanied by enhanced formation and excretion of D-glucuronic acid and L-ascorbic acid, or D-glucaric acid in the case of guinea pigs. Secondarily, the efficiency in biodegrading the pesticides is reduced in ascorbic-acid-deficient guinea pigs with correspondingly greater residue accumulation in tissue. This would aggravate chronic toxic effects of the compounds. Finally, the capacity of the liver to adapt to the presence of such toxicants through enhanced microsomal enzymatic levels appears to be sensitive to its ascorbate status. Impaired enzyme induction is apparent quite early during ascorbic acid depletion in guinea pigs. The enhanced turnover of ascorbate produced by such pesticides, the poor enzymatic adaptation to them during ascorbate depletion and the dependency of the oxidase system upon adequate ascorbate, all point to the central significance of ascorbate status in the liver, and possibly other tissues, as a determinant of their chronic toxicity. PMID- 54015 TI - Liver differentiation and the estrogen-binding properties of alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 54014 TI - Immunological and chemical correlation between alpha-fetoproteins from human and several mammalian species. AB - Alpha-Fetoproteins of several animals were purified and their molecular weights, amino acid compositions and peptide maps were compared, demonstrating the close similarities. These data indicated that the alpha-fetoproteins of mammalian species have closely related antigenical and chemical structures. Rabbits and horses were immunized with human alpha-fetoprotein, and it was observed that the animals produced antibodies reaction not only with human alpha-fetoprotein but with their homologous alpha-fetoproteins. The results were interpreted as the breakdown of the tolerance to their own alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 54016 TI - Human alpha-fetoprotein. Immunochemical analysis of isoproteins. PMID- 54017 TI - Alpha-Fetoprotein levels in normal males from seven ethnic groups with different hepatocellular carcinoma risks. AB - Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) levels of 1,335 males (15 years and older) of seven ethnic groups (Chinese, Indians, and Malays from Singapore, Caucasians from Lyon, and Blacks from Nairobi, forest, and the savanna region of the Ivory Coast) were determined by radioimmunoassay. A few elevated levels (up to 30 nanounits/ml) were detected in some normal individuals, especially in the older age-groups. In addition, there was a systematic age-dependency of AFP levels particularly evident in the groups from Singapore-Lyon, in which there was a 50% AFP increase between the ages of 20 and 40. Comparison between Africans on the one hand and people from Singapore-Lyon on the other hand revealed highly significant differences (p less than 0.001), especially in the younger groups, whereas Chinese, Malays, and Indians from Singapore had very similar AFP pattern; this suggests an important role for environmental factors in the regulation of AFP levels. The age dependency of the presumed effect of environmental factors is in keeping with experimental data showing that young animals respond more vigorously to AFP-stimulating factors. Although the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) differs in the three Singapore groups (the highest in Chinese and the lowest in Indians), no relationship was observed in this study between mean AFP level and HCC incidence in Singapore. PMID- 54018 TI - Alpha-Fetoprotein and hepatitis B antigen in hepatocarcinogenesis. AB - Blood from 394 unselected autopsy cases was examined for HB Ag, HB Ab and AFP. Liver morphology of 71 cases of cirrhosis with hepatoma and 32 cases of cirrhosis without hepatoma was studied in detail and correlated to HB Ag, HB Ab, and AFP. Significantly lowered humoral immunity to HB Ag exposure was established for the cirrhosis with hepatoma cases. The exposure rate for both cirrhosis cases with hepatoma and cirrhosis cases without hepatoma was the same (48%), but about 80% of each exposed group were either HB Ag or HB Ab positive. The cirrhosis with hepatoma group tended to be HB Ag positive and the cirrhosis without hepatoma group tended to be HB Ab positive. The lowered immune response seems to be specific to the hepatoma association, because the group with neoplasms other than the hepatoma reacted exactly the same as the group of the cirrhosis without hepatoma. Twenty-five per cent of the cirrhosis with hepatoma were associated with inactive cirrhosis and 75% were associated with active cirrhosis. Seventy two per cent of the inactive cirrhosis cases with hepatoma were exposed to HB Ag, but only 42% of the active cirrhosis cases with hepatoma were exposed to HB Ag. On the morphological basis, the inactive cirrhosis was interpreted as an impaired cellular immunity and the active cirrhosis as a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. The possibility was discussed that both are important factors in the development of hepatoma preceded by cirrhosis. AFP tends to be positive in the inactive cirrhosis with hepatoma as well as HB Ag, but the relationship between AFP and HB Ag for hepatocarcinogenesis needs further investigation. PMID- 54019 TI - Alpha-Fetoprotein and early histological changes of hepatic tissue in DAB hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID- 54020 TI - Evolution of alpha-fetoprotein serum levels throughout life in humans and rats, and during pregnancy in the rat. PMID- 54021 TI - Early detection of hepatoma: prospective study in liver cirrhosis using passive hemagglutination and the radioimmunoassay. AB - (1) Passive hemagglutination and radioimmunoassay are suitable methods for the detection of AFP in the low concentration range. (2) In 3.72% of the cases a clinically unknown carcinoma was found in an unselected group of patients with liver cirrhosis. (3) 21.9% of the patients showed AFP elevations up to 2000 ng/ml. In 10.6% of this group, increasing titers demonstrated a primary liver cell carcinoma. In 89.4% a transitory rise of AFP was not associated with tumor growth. Levels return to normal values within three months in 90% of the cases. (4) Transitory AFP elevations are not correlated to clinical conditions (praecoma, coma, delirium, bleeding, ascites, shunt) or to biochemical parameters (GOT, GPT, bilirubin, prothrombin complex time, gamma-globulin). (5) A temporary rise in AFP is more frequently observed in groups with high hepatoma incidence than in groups with low hepatoma incidence. (6) Therefore, it may be suggested that a transitory rise of AFP could reflect a "primary reaction" of carcinogenesis. (7) Primary liver cell carcinoma is found to be more frequent in posthepatitic than in postalcoholic, cryptogenic, and other cirrhosis and to be more frequent in australia-antigen positive than in australia-antigen negative cases. (8) Routine serological tumor antigen screening of patients with a precancerous disease is useful. PMID- 54022 TI - Immunoelectronmicroscopic study of alpha-fetoprotein synthesis in hepatoma cells. AB - In the hepatoma cells, AFP synthesis was found to occur through ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, since AFP was demonstrated around ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum by the peroxidase antibody technique. The secretory process was suggested to be as follows: smooth endoplasmic reticulum takes a part and the Golgi apparatus does not. Concerning the early transitory appearance of AFP in the course of hepatocarcinogenesis by 3'Me-DAB, AFP might be produced by proliferated ampulla cells, which exist between the cholangioles and liver cell cords. PMID- 54023 TI - The alpha-fetoprotein-producing cells in the early stage of the experimental liver cancer. PMID- 54024 TI - Alpha-Fetoprotein in yolk sac tumor. PMID- 54025 TI - Clinical significance of alpha-fetoprotein in hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. PMID- 54026 TI - Epidemiological studies of alpha-fetoprotein and hepatitis B antigen in Tomie Town, Nagasaki, Japan. PMID- 54027 TI - Serum alpha-fetoprotein in the relatively early stages of hepatocellular carcinoma and its relationship to gross anatomical types. PMID- 54028 TI - AFP-producing cells in hepatitis and in liver cirrhosis. PMID- 54029 TI - Alpha-Fetoprotein and hepatitis B antigen in hepatoma and hepatitis. PMID- 54030 TI - Synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein by rat ascites hepatoma cells. AB - AH-66 rat ascites hepatoma cells incorporated [14C]leucine into the AFP fraction. In a cell-free system, hepatoma ribosomes were found to be active in AFP synthesis whereas the supernatant fraction from hepatoma had no specific effect on AFP production. The amount of [14C]leucine incorporated in AFP by membrane bound polysomes was 20 to 90 times higher than that by free polysomes, suggesting that AFP is mainly synthesized on membrane-bound polysomes. DBcAMP inhibited the growth of hepatoma cells. However, the incorporation of [14C]leucine into the AFP fraction as well as into total proteins was stimulated by DBcAMP. PMID- 54031 TI - Isozyme patterns of branched-chain amino acid transaminase during cellular differentiation and carcinogenesis. PMID- 54032 TI - Alpha-Fetoprotein and albumin synthesis during the cell cycle. AB - The synthesis of alpha-fetoprotein and albumin in two clones of AH66 hepatoma was studied. (1) Amounts of AFP and albumin synthesized by the C-4 clone were 2.9 and 0.28 X 10(-7) mug per cell per hour, respectively. AFP and albumin amounts synthesized by the A-1 clone were 2.5 and 1.8 X 10(-7) mug per cell per hour, respectively. (2) The cell cycles of the C-4 and A-1 clones were as follows: C-4 clone: mean generation time 20.5 hours: G1, 10 hours; S, 7 hours; G2, 4 hours; and M, 30 minutes. A-1 clone: mean generation time 50.7 hours: G1, 36 hours; S, 10 hours; G2, 4 hours; and M, 30-60 minutes. (3) AFP was found to be synthesized from late G1 phase to the end of the S phase for 9 hours in C-4 and 25 hours in A 1. The albumin production was from late S phase to the beginning of the G2 phase for 4 hours in C-4 and 9 hours in A-1, which were approximately half or one-third of the time spent on AFP production. (4) The double staining with fluorescent conjugated antibodies to AFP and albumin demonstrated that AFP and albumin are probably synthesized by different cells. PMID- 54033 TI - Physical chemistry and immunochemistry of CEA: role of the protein portion of the molecule in determining tumor antigenicity. PMID- 54035 TI - Alpha2-H-globulin, a hepatic glycoferroprotein: characterization and clinical significance. PMID- 54034 TI - Relationship between carcinoembryonic antigen and blood group antigens A, B, and Lewis. PMID- 54036 TI - Clinical significance of alpha2H-globulin. AB - Incidences of alpha2H were investigated in sera from patients with various malignant and nonmalignant diseases. With counterimmunoelectrophoresis, alpha2H was detected in a wide variety of neoplastic diseases, and also in nonmalignant hematological disorders. Diagnostic significance was described regarding primary hepatoma and acute myelogenous leukemia. Factors affecting alpha2H levels in sera were also discussed in relation to the neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease process. PMID- 54037 TI - Relationship of the biosynthesis of alpha-fetoprotein, albumin, hemopexin, and haptoglobin to the growth state of fetal rat hepatocyte cultures. AB - AFP and albumin are produced by arginine-synthesizing fetal rat hepatocytes in vitro. AFP and hemopexin production are coupled to hepatocellular proliferation, whereas albumin and haptoglobin production are not. During the cell cycle, AFP is synthesized prior to S and released prior to M. AFP may play a role in regulation of hepatocellular growth through estradiol binding and modulation of the intracellular concentration of lipoprotein (VLDL). PMID- 54038 TI - Fetal pathophysiology of human alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 54039 TI - Normal biology of alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 54040 TI - Alpha-Fetoprotein synthesis in cultured cells: studies on Yoshida sarcoma and ascites hepatoma in vitro. PMID- 54041 TI - Different mechanisms of increased alpha-fetoprotein production in rats following CCl4 intoxication and partial hepatectomy. PMID- 54042 TI - Effect of chemical modification on the immunogenicity of homologous alpha fetoprotein. PMID- 54044 TI - [Complete correction of Fallot's tetralogy after cavo-pulmonary anastomosis. With reference to two cases of complete repair with suppression of the anastomosis and reimplantation of the right pulmonary artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 54043 TI - Microheterogeneity of rat alpha-fetoprotein. AB - A purified and homogeneous preparation of rat AFP, as judged by both electrophoresis on Cellogel and immunoelectrophoresis, was separated into two components, AFPa and AFPb, by disc electrophoresis on 7% polyacrylamide gel. These two components had a definite difference in electrostatic net charge and gave only a single band on SDS-electrophoresis. Immunological reactivity or electrophoretic separation or mobility of the two components could be altered by treatment with either sulfhydryl inhibitors or reducing agents but not by treatment with protein denaturants. Electrophoresis of neuraminidase-treated AFP on 5% polyacrylamide gel yielded clearly separable, slower moving four to six and finally two components depending on the time of incubation with neuraminidase. The time-dependent conversion of faster into slower migrating components of both AFPa and AFPb upon neuraminidase treatment was confirmed by reelectrophoresis of separated and similarly treated AFPa and AFPb. Two bands of sialized or desialized AFP were also observed on isoelectric focusing. Both AFPa and AFPb treated with and without neuraminidase gave single fused precipitin lines against the antiserum in Ouchterlony double-diffusion analysis. On the basis of the changes in electrophoretic mobilities of the intermediates following neuraminidase treatment, AFPa and AFPb were estimated to have at least 2.5 and 4.5 molecules of sialic acid per molecule, respectively. PMID- 54045 TI - [Surgical correction of Fallot's tetralogy in children under 4 years of age. With reference to a homogenous series of 24 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 54046 TI - Modification of Cunningham's method for the detection of proteases in tissue sections. PMID- 54047 TI - Understanding presurgical anxiety. PMID- 54048 TI - Surgery for sex reassignment. PMID- 54049 TI - Immunological studies on a yeast peptido-galactomannan. Nature of antigenic determinants reacting with rabbit antisera and those involved delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs. PMID- 54050 TI - Diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Importance of antinuclear antibody titers and peripheral staining patterns. AB - Titers and patterns of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) in sera from 134 normal blood donors, 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 15 patients with systemic scleroderma, and 32 patients with diagnosed or suspected systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied. The difference between the findings with sera of patients with SLE and normal subjects in terms of high (greater than 160) titers of ANA was greater than in terms of peripheral staining patterns. However, in comparing sera from patients with SLE with sera from patients with other connective tissue diseases, greater differences were found in the incidence of peripheral patterns of ANA compared to differences in the frequency of high ANA titers. Maximum specificity in the diagnosis of SLE was achieved when both titers and patterns of ANA were considered. PMID- 54051 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias during unstable angina pectoris. AB - In order to study the occurrence and frequency of ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmias, we analyzed 105 episodes of spontaneous angina pectoris occurring at rest in 28 hospitalized patients with unstable angina pectoris and proved coronary artery disease. Of 24 patients with serious ventricular arrhythmias during pain, 17 (57%) were arrhythmia-free during monitoring. In the other four patients, 17 of 29 (59%) pain episodes were associated with serious ventricular arrhythmias, and three of these four had serious ventricular arrhythmias during pain-free periods. Each patient tended to manifest the same type of arrhythmia during repeat episodes of pain. It appears that continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring is important during the initial hospitalization of the patient with unstable angina. The presence of ventricular arrhythmias during pain-free periods indicates a high risk for serious ventricular arrhythmias during episodes of spontaneous pain. These patients should be considered for continued ECG monitoring and antiarrhythmic therapy. PMID- 54052 TI - Individual semicircular canals and pontine reticular units. PMID- 54053 TI - Effects of adrenaline, angiotensin and calcium on spontaneously active and potassium-depolarized rat portal veins. AB - 1) Adrenaline and angiotensin increased both frequency and developed tension of spontaneously active rat isolated portal veins. Adrenaline 10(-7) M and angiotensin 10(-9) M, produced a maximal increment of the amplitude of twitch contraction. Greater concentrations elicited a tetanic state, which in all cases had the same amplitude as the maximal effects obtained on single twitches. This suggests that there exists a dissociation between membrane and electrical phenomena, so that the highest intensity of the contractile system activity is attained at agonist concentrations lower than those which result in maximal decrease of membrane stability. (2) Increasing K to a 106 mM final concentration caused a persistent contracture. Adrenaline and angiotensin exhibited pharmaco mechanical properties, as later addition of both substances produced an increase of the contracture tension. (3) Ca dose-response curves were performed on previously Ca-depleted veins, after the addition of K 106 mM, K-plus-adrenaline or K-plus-angiotensin. Both substances made the Ca responses rise steeply, as evidenced by the leftward shift of ED50. This provides support to the belief that pharmacomechanical coupling is mediated through an increase of the membrane permeability to Ca. PMID- 54054 TI - Rapid eye movement (rem) sleep deprivation: effect on acid mucopolysaccharides in rat brain. AB - The effect of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation on the total content and proportion of different mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) containing uronic acid in rat brain was studied. REM sleep deprivation was induced by the water tank methods. Five experimental groups of animals were used: control, stressed, REM sleep deprived, post-stress sleeping and post-deprivation sleeping rats. No changes of AMPS were observed in any of the experimental groups when the whole brain was analysed. A significant increase of AMPS was found in the cerebral hemispheres of stressed and REM deprived rats. A significant decrease of AMPS was observed in the cerebellum and brain stem. A further increase of AMPS was found in the cerebral hemispheres after the rebound of REM sleep following its deprivation, and after the recovery sleep following the stress. A significant increase of AMPS was found in the brain stem of rats allowed to recuperate after REM deprivation or stress as compared with the stressed and REM deprived animals. Recovery sleep induced a significant increase of AMPS in the cerebellum in previously stressed rats, while previously REM deprived rats exhibited a further decrease of AMPS from control values. The possible functional meaning of these results is discussed in relation to the role of REM sleep in protein synthesis and learning and memory processes. Intriguing, well-controlled positive findings and the fact that no experimental design is known where stress is minimal while REM deprivation is 100 per cent, justify and encourage continued efforts in studying the biochemical state of the brain during sleep and/or its alterations. PMID- 54055 TI - Alpha-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (insoluble) and lactic dehydrogenase activities in the skeletal muscles of two insects. AB - The flight muscle preparations of the dragonfly Pantala flavescens and the aquatic beetle Cybister confusus showed extremely low levels of lactic dehydrogenase activity and high levels of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (insoluble) activity. The activities of these two enzymes in the leg muscle of the beetle were approximately the same (1:1), but lactic dehydrogenase activity was several times higher than that in the flight muscles of both Insects. These results have been interpreted as indicating the high energy-yielding demands of the flight muscles during continuous sustained activity, while the leg muscles of the beetle which are involved in swimming activity derive their energy predominantly through anaerobic glycolysis. PMID- 54056 TI - [Testicular and plasma androgens in newborn, immature, adult and aging mice]. PMID- 54057 TI - The effect of secretin on pentagastrin-stimulated secretion of gastric pepsin and acid in rats. AB - Rats with chronic gastric fistulas were stimulated for 12 or 24 h with constant intravenous infusion of pentagastrin. When secretin was also infused for the last half period of the experiment, respectively, 6 or 12 h, the volume of gastric secretion and HCl output were significantly reduced but the concentration of pepsin was significantly increased. The dissociated effect of secretin on gastric acid and pepsin secretion reported previously in man, dog and cat was also found in the rat. PMID- 54058 TI - Replacement time for alveolar lipid removed by pulmonary lavage: effects of multiple lavage on lung lipids. AB - Daily washing in vivo of the lung with 0.15 M saline did not deplete the Beagle dog lung of surfactant lipids, but rather increased the quantity of surfactant lipid in the tissue. Replacement time for the lung lipids removed by the lavage was approximately 5 hours. This rate is one indication of the time required for movement of surfactant lipid from storage areas to the surface of the alveoli. The increase in tissue surfactant lipid following multiple lavage suggests that the rate of surfactant lipid synthesis is controlled in part by the level of surfactant lipid in the alveoli. PMID- 54059 TI - Effect of coumarin and some coumarin derivatives on active transport and passive diffusion of sugars by chicken and rat intestine, in vitro. AB - The effect of coumarin, 4-hydroxycoumarin, coumarin-3-carboxylic acid and acenocoumarol on the active transport of D-galactose and the passive diffusion of arabinose by intestinal sacs was studied. All these substances, when added to the mucosal medium of incubation at concentrations from 10(-4) to 10(-3) M, inhibit the active transport of D-galactose and increase the diffusion of arabinose. Oxygen uptake by the intestinal tissue is only inhibited by coumarin-3-carboxylic acid. The results suggest that the effects obtained are probably due to an alteration in intestinal permeability, to inhibition of cell metabolism and to molecular size. PMID- 54060 TI - [Proceedings: Effect of formycin incorporation into nucleic acid on conformation]. PMID- 54062 TI - Investigation on the acute toxic effect of chlordane on the serum proteins of Meriones hurrianae Jerdon. PMID- 54061 TI - Rate of incorporation of dietary fat in gold thioglucose obesity in mice. AB - Gold Thioglucose injections in mice are followed by a rapid accumulation of fat in the carcasses. The incorporation of an oral dose of [3H] glyceroyl tripalmitate in body fat stores showed after GTG-treatment a transient but significant increase and a return to normal values within 6 weeks. The rate of incorporation of dietary fat into the body was estimated from these values as well as from food intake and fat content of the diet (2.5 per cent). The resulting curve showed great similarity with the first differential of the curve of total body fat accumulated during that period. The rate of incorporation of dietary fat into body stores is apparently modified in GTG obesity in mice. PMID- 54063 TI - [Effect of 5-HT on insect cardiac activity in vivo]. AB - Injection of the Insect Locusta migratoria with 10 mul of normal saline produces an important (10 per cent) but short (1 min) increase of the cardiac rhythm. Adding various concentrations of 5-HT with the saline always results during the following ten minutes in a greater increase of the cardiac rhythm than the controls. PMID- 54064 TI - Beneficial effects of L-methionine in choline deficient diets of Oryzaephilus mercator (Fauvel) (Coleoptera). AB - Choline is an indispensable vitamin for Oryzaephilus mercator as its ommission in the diet results in slow growth and poor survival. These deficiency symptoms can be overcome by adding L-methionine to the choline-deficient diet. L-methionine however can improve the efficiency of the diet only up to a certain concentration beyond which no beneficial effects are recorded. PMID- 54065 TI - Effect of thermal stress and dehydration on plasma levels of glucose, free fatty acids and growth hormone in the pigeon. AB - Pigeons were subjected to high ambient temperature and water deprivation for 3 days (28 degrees C, 31 degrees C and 36.5 degrees C respectively). After 3 days of heat stress and dehydration, the plasma levels of glucose, free fatty acids (FFA) and growth hormone (GH) were measured. Although the level of plasma glucose was not significantly altered, FFA and GH were found to be significantly increased. The possible mediation of the neurohypophysial hormone, vasotocin, in the syndhronous rise in plasma GH and FFA, is suggested. PMID- 54066 TI - Vascular and noradrenalic reactions in the musculocutaneous bed during hypothalamic stimulation. AB - When electrical stimulation is applied to the ventromedial hypothalamic zone one observes an increase in systemic blood pressure. There also occur blood pressure variations in the isolated femoral circuit: two distinct phenomena were observed. The early event, being either an increase or a decrease in peripheral resistance, is directly related to the amount of noradrenaline produced locally. The late event is due to catecholamines arriving from the general circulation. Inhibition of local catecholamine release through the baroreceptor reflex and inhibition of ganglionic transmission by a large and sudden increase in adrenaline blood levels do influence the response in the isolated femoral circuit. Moreover the peripheral vasomotor tonus seems to be influenced by yet another mechanism, independent of local catecholamine release. This delicate mechanism depends on the balance between the degree of excitation of hypothalamic pressor (medial) and depressor (lateral) zones. PMID- 54067 TI - Lack of effect of cholera enterotoxin on electrical resistance of lipid bilayer membranes. PMID- 54068 TI - Evidence for post-synaptic mechanism in exteroceptive suppression elicited in the human masseter muscle. PMID- 54069 TI - Proceedings: Cerebral somatosensory averaged evoked potentials in the unrestrained dutch rabbit. PMID- 54070 TI - Proceedings: Role of the long ascending pathways in the averaged cerebral somatosensory evoked potentials in the unrestrained dutch rabbit. PMID- 54071 TI - [Proceedings: New method for chronic implantation of cortical electrodes]. PMID- 54072 TI - Proceedings: The effects of low external sodium on contracture tension and Ca movements in goldfish ventricle. PMID- 54073 TI - Proceedings: Evidence for rigor in smooth muscle. PMID- 54074 TI - [Proceedings: Effect of indomethacin on dog kidney]. PMID- 54075 TI - Proceedings: Incomplete inhibition of sodium transport-related aerobic metabolism upon exposure of guinea pig renal cortex slices to ouabain. PMID- 54076 TI - Proceedings: A method for induction of thrombi in the mesenteric artery of the rat. PMID- 54077 TI - Proceedings: Recent advances in the automatic analysis of the electrocardiogram: the third generation electrocardiography. PMID- 54078 TI - Proceedings: Effect of ionophore A 23187 on amylase secretion and phospholipid metabolism in the rat exocrine pancreas. PMID- 54079 TI - Proceedings: Evidence for specific NADH- and NADPH-FMN reductases in bacterial bioluminescence. PMID- 54080 TI - [Proceedings: Nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions in oligomycin resistant mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. PMID- 54081 TI - Proceedings: The three-dimensional structure of luteinizing hormone: "exposure probabilities" of its polypeptide portions. PMID- 54082 TI - Proceedings: Diuron and related herbicides, inhibitors of the oxidation of mitochondrial cytochrome b in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 54083 TI - [Proceedings: rRNA relationships in and with the genus Pseudomonas]. PMID- 54084 TI - [Proceedings: Microsomal lysophospholipase in bovine thyroid gland]. PMID- 54085 TI - Proceedings: Specificity and partial purification of the barley-germ agglutinin. PMID- 54086 TI - Proceedings: On the mode of transfer of parental DNA to progeny during a lytic infection of Bacillus subtilis by bacteriophage 2C. PMID- 54087 TI - Proceedings: Effect of recL mutation on intragenic recombination in Escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 54088 TI - [Proceedings: Effect of dimethylnitrosamine on nucleic acid synthesis in an organ with synchronized cell cycles]. PMID- 54089 TI - Proceedings: Characterization of the phosphorylase phosphatase associated with liver particulate glycogen. PMID- 54090 TI - Proceedings: Studies on large DNA plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PMID- 54091 TI - Proceedings: The polyadenylic segment of globin messenger RNA ensures its stability in vivo. PMID- 54092 TI - Proceedings: Differential activation of cytoplasmic organelles in rat liver homogenates, by means of digitonin. PMID- 54093 TI - Proceedings: Intracellular localization of lysosomotropic drugs in rat liver, by means of differential activation with digitonin. PMID- 54094 TI - Proceedings: Activation of liver glycogen phosphorylase by angiotensin II. PMID- 54095 TI - [Proceedings: Theoretical study on molecular conformation of 6-azauridine-5' monophosphate]. PMID- 54096 TI - [Proceedings: Combined effect of an inhibitor of mitochondrial nucleotide translocation and a respiratory inhibitor on growth of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe]. PMID- 54097 TI - [Proceedings: Effect of thyrotropin on phosphate incorporation into proteins by dog thyroid gland slices]. PMID- 54098 TI - [Proceedings: Effect of some "curing" agents on the resistance factors fi+ and fi ]. PMID- 54099 TI - [Proceedings: Simultaneous excision of two prophages Mu-lc+]. PMID- 54101 TI - [Proceedings: Behavior of mitochondria, lysosomes and peroxisomes in fetal and neonatal rat liver, after isopycnic centrifugation in an isotonic environment]. PMID- 54100 TI - [Proceedings: Accelerated degradation of globin messenger RNA after removal of polyadenylic segment in Xenopus oocytes]. PMID- 54102 TI - [Proceedings: Determination of tryptophan in the active center of diphtheria toxin]. PMID- 54103 TI - [Proceedings: Molecular changes associated with aging of globin messenger RNA in vivo]. PMID- 54104 TI - [Proceedings: Catalytic titration in solution of ribonuclease and oxidized ribonuclease. Distribution of radioactivity among the amino acids]. PMID- 54105 TI - [Proceedings: Conformation of rRNA of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in aqueous environment and in water-dimethylsulfoxide mixture]. PMID- 54107 TI - Proceedings: Kinetic of benzyprene hydroxylase activity: conditions for Michaelis Menten's type analysis and influence of microsomal membrane concentration. PMID- 54106 TI - Proceedings: Subcellular fractionation of parenchymal cells isolated from adult male rat liver. PMID- 54109 TI - Proceedings: Structure-function relationships between porphyrin synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis in yeast: the delta-aminolevulinate synthetase stage. PMID- 54108 TI - Proceedings: Confirmation of the sequence of the NH2-terminal part of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S21. PMID- 54110 TI - [Proceedings: Facilitating conditions for oxoglutarate transport through internal membrane of rat heart mitochondria]. PMID- 54111 TI - [Proceedings: Effect of fasting on the behavior of the Golgi apparatus in rat liver during isopycnic centrifugation in a saccharose gradient]. PMID- 54112 TI - Proceedings: Evidence for a modulator of ATP- and GTP- dependent protein kinases in the pancreas of the rat. PMID- 54113 TI - [Proceedings: Measurement of equilibrium constants for the reaction of avian hemoglobins with oxygen. Effect of phosphorylated cofactors]. PMID- 54114 TI - [Proceedings: Kinetic study of deoxygenation of pigeon hemoglobin: effect of phosphorylated cofactors]. PMID- 54115 TI - Proceedings: The affinity of avian haemoglobins for oxygen, as measured by the automatic method of K. Imai. PMID- 54116 TI - Proceedings: The sequence of the COOH-terminal part of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein S21. PMID- 54117 TI - [Proceedings: Lipid composition of bovine thyroid gland. IV. Glycolipids]. PMID- 54118 TI - Proceedings: Purification and characterization of potato (Solanum tuberosum) lectin. PMID- 54119 TI - [Proceedings: Control and role of cGMP in thyroid gland]. PMID- 54120 TI - Proceedings: Release of ligand from agarose conjugates: the instability of armagarose bonds. PMID- 54121 TI - Proceedings: Some aspects of the production of a restricted immune response. PMID- 54122 TI - [Hypothalamo-hypophysial-thymic axis in the rat]. AB - Thymic extracts, with proved immunologic properties, decrease, in vitro, RNA and DNA synthesis of hypothalamic fragments of adult rat and have no effect on hypophysis culture; we found a similar action in vivo. Growth hormone inhibits the nucleic acids synthesis of thymic fragments; no action is found with hypothalamic extracts. Hypothesis, that thymic activity is dependent on hypophysis with retroaction on hypothalamus, is discussed. PMID- 54123 TI - Effect of PCO2 on epinephrine-induced lipolysis in isolated fat cells. AB - The effect of different pHs obtained by changing the PCO2 and the effect of PCO2 at constant pH on the lipolysis induced by epinephrine in isolated fat cells have been investigated. An inhibition of activated lipolysis was found in acidosis while in alkalosis no significant change was detected. When the experiments were performed at different PCO2s but at constant pH, the results showed an inhibition of lipolysis by high PCO2 whereas low PCO2 did not affect it. It is concluded that either acidosis or high PCO2 lead to an inhibition of the lipolysis induced by epinephrine in isolated fat cells. As regards alkalosis and low PCO2 it seems likely that the intracellular pH is not affected to the same extent as in alkalosis by high [HCO(-3)] or under the conditions of the present experiments the [H+] needed to alterate lipolysis was not reached. PMID- 54124 TI - Ionic regulation of the haemolymph in the larvae of the dragonfly Aeshna cyanea (Muller) (Odonata, Anisoptera). AB - The ionic regulation of the haemolymph of larvae of Aeshna cyanea (Muller) was studied by means of two types of experiments. In the first the change in internal ionic composition was followed as a function of the time spent in a given experimental medium. These experiments led to the conclusion that: 1. the haemolymph composition does not change when larvae are starved in tap water for 10 days; 2. the haemolymph ionic concentrations (Na and Cl) have initial marked increase when the animals are kept in hypertonic media of diluted sea water; after 80 hours however, both concentrations stay constant. In a second series of experiments the internal ionic concentration was compared to a series of different concentrations of external media. From this, the relation between the internal and external ionic concentration was elaborated : in hypotonic media the internal Na and Cl concentrations stay constant, in hypertonic media there is a parallelism between the increase of the external concentration and haemolymph concentration, the internal Na concentration being always slightly hypertonic, the Cl concentration markedly hypotonic. Finally, when larvae are placed in glass distilled water, the internal Na and Cl concentrations begin to decrease after 60 hours. PMID- 54125 TI - Quantitative measurement of the influence of plasma sodium concentration on the overall tubular reabsorption of sodium. AB - Comparative experiments on isolated dog kidneys perfused with heparinized blood with or without dilution of the blood by isotonic or hypotonic saline demonstrated that the fractional excretion of sodium is modulated positively by plasma sodium concentration. This relationship was evaluated quantitatively and corresponded to the values found in the whole animal. The renal response to the variations of plasma sodium concentration is therefore autonomous and its mediation by extrarenal natriuretic or antinatriuretic factors cannot be demonstrated in the narcotized animal. PMID- 54126 TI - [Attenuation and smoothness of injected signals in a Rijlant network]. AB - The V.C.G. methods must handle the E.K.G. information through weighing systems, because of the volume and the eccentric location of the heart in the chest, of the inhomogeneity of the surrounding tissues and of the irregular shape of the body surface. Most of these weighing systems use compensating networks. On the other hand, Rijlant simulates an homogeneous medium where the cardiac currents spread and where remote observation would eliminate much of the distorsions. In order to understand how such a simulated medium operates, we drive it by means of sinusoidal waves and we observe how the amplitude and the phase of the signals change when we switch on the different leads. Each value recorded at a same level in the network may be considered as the sum of a true proximity effect added to an other component depending upon the lead orientation. The latter is referred to a mixed result of the driving waves that we call "the modulus effect". From the injection level to the other levels, the proximity effect rapidly vanishes while the modulus effect does not disappear until grounded level is reached. The decrease of the modulus effect either to zero (grounded level) or to a finite value (free end of the network) is not expressed as a formula because Rijlant's network does not simulate an euclidian space. We conclude that, at least as the proximity effect is concerned, the instrument performs what it is expected to do. PMID- 54128 TI - [Free amino acids of hemolymph during pubertal molting and senescence in Spaeroma serratum (Isopoda, Flabellifera]. AB - In Sphaeroma serratum, the amino-acidemia is high (about 120 mg/100 ml) during the intermolt stages. The relative proportions of the different free amino acids show only slight differences in young males and senescent ones. At the time of the puberty molt, the total amino-acids concentration (including taurine) of the hemolymph increases sharply during premolt (up to 267 mg/100 ml), falls after ecdysis (down to 97 mg/100 ml and then rises up to the level of the intermolt stage. These variations are due not only to concentration or dilution of the whole hemolymph constituents, but also to specific modifications of the concentration of some of the free amino-acids with respect to the others. These variations of the amino-acidemia, mainly those of serine, proline, glycine, alanine and of the amine taurine, could play a definite role in increasing the osmotic pressure of the hemolymph during premolt, as a preparation to ecdysis. PMID- 54127 TI - [Influence of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on the turnover rate of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin in various rat cerebral structures]. AB - The effect of chronic treatment with tyroxine (T4) or propylthiouracile (PTU) on the turnover of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) has been studied in various areas of the rat brain (brain stem, hypothalamus, striatum and "rest of the brain"). The turnover of NE and DA was determined by the decay in endogenous levels after inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by alpha methylparatyrosine and the turnover of 5-HT was evaluated by the initial accumulation of endogenous 5-HT after inhibition of monoamine oxydase by pargyline. T4 treatment accelerated the release of DA from the striatum but had no significant effects on NA release in the various cerebral areas : nevertheless the NE endogenous level was significantly reduced in the brain stem. PTU treatment delayed the release of DA and NA only from the "rest of the brain". Concerning 5-HT, the only significant variation was observed in the hypothalamus of PTU-treated rats and implied increased turnover. The possible relations between the changes in cerebral monoamines turnover and the behavioural alterations which are observed in thyroid disfunction are discussed. PMID- 54129 TI - Localization of the acetylcholine receptors in denervated muscles of rats. AB - ACh contractures of denervated lumbricalis muscles of rats were washed in Tris methanesulfonate solutions and in sucrose solutions. The peak tension was diminished by about 80% following a 30 min exposure to solutions containing 400 600 mM glycerol when Tris solutions were used in the testing period, and by about 50% when sucrose solutions were used. The amplitude of the membrane potential changes provoked by ACh was decreased by about 36% following the glycerol treatment. The treatment had no effect on the ACh-induced 45Ca uptake of muscles. Electron microscopy of the glycerol-treated muscles showed widespread vacuolization apparently originating from swelling and disruption of the T system. It was concluded that ACh receptors which arise in the muscle membrane following nerve section are distributed in the external surface membrane and in the membranes of the T system. PMID- 54130 TI - Changes in metabolite concentration in the plasma, liver and muscle of feed restricted Japanese quail exposed to cold. AB - Quail fed ad libitum and 50% ad libitum were cold exposed for several weeks, during time control quail remained at 21 degrees C. The concentration of plasma glucose, FFA, and uric acid, tissue glycogen and carcass fat content was measured at the end of the cold exposure period. Quail fed ad libitum showed no significant change in the levels of plasma and tissue metabolites, or the carcass fat content, following cold exposure. The feed consumption by the cold exposed quail increased, and the mean body weight showed little variation from that of the controls. Feed restricted quail which were cold exposed lost significantly more weight, and had a lower ranked fat content than their controls. Whereas feed restriction caused a lowering of the liver glycogen concentration in both treatment groups, muscle glycogen levels were higher than in quail fed ad libitum. However, cold exposure was not accompanied by a change in muscle and liver glycogen levels in feed restricted quail. Feed restricted quail at 21 degrees C were hypoglycaemic and hyperlipaemic compared to quail fed ad libitum, but cold exposed feed restricted quail had a much higher plasma glucose concentration than the controls. The ranked carcass fat content was inversely related to plasma FFA level in both control and cold exposed feed restricted quail. It is suggested that both a glycolytic and lipid mobilizing response to cold is obtained in quail whose body reserves are not spared from catabolism by adequate dietary nutrient absorption, and the possibility of gluconeogenesis from precursors produced by proteolysis is indicated. PMID- 54131 TI - Studies on human urinary arylamidases. AB - Human urinary protein was found to contain enzymes that hydrolyze leucyl-, alanyl , and glycyl-prolyl-beta-naphthylamides. The kinetic constants of these enzymes were determined and their chemical properties studied. The values for Km calculated for leucyl-, alanyl-, and glycyl-prolyl arylamidases were 3.7 times 10(-5) M, 7.1 times 10(-5) M, and 1 times 10(-4) M, respectively. The pH optima for the hydrolysis of Leu-beta-naphthylamide and Ala-beta-naphthylamide were between 7.4-7.8; whereas for glycyl-prolyl-beta-naphthylamide, it was around 8.8. Unlike the glycyl-prolyl-arylamidase which was inhibited by Co2+ and Mn2+, the other two arylamidases were slightly activated by Co2+. p-Chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate and puromycin significantly inhibited leucyl-, and alanyl arylamidases. The mean values for 24-h urinary output for leucyl-, alanyl-, and glycyl-prolyl arylamidases in normal human male subjects were 4.32, 9.97, and 2.2 units, respectively. PMID- 54132 TI - [Effects of a high-fructose diet on various characteristics of metabolism in rat small intestine]. AB - During the fructose intestinal transfer in vitro, in the rats receiving a normal diet, no glucose is synthetized. In the high-fructose diet rats, glucose appears in the intestinal wall and in the serosal fluid. This synthesis is probably realized from fructose. When fructose is used as substrate, the intestinal tissue of these latter animals shows a greater oxygen consumption than that of the former animals. PMID- 54133 TI - [Hepatic lipids of intact or thyroidectomized rats after administration of tetracycline or ethanol]. AB - The purpose of this work was to study the quantitative modifications of the hepatic lipids in adult thyroidectomized rats after administration of tetracycline or ethanol (acute dose or prolonged ingestion). 1. - Thyroidectomy did not inhibit the accumulation of fat in the liver of fed euthyroid or hypothyroid rats after intraperitoneal infusion of tetracycline (320 mg/body weight in 2 injections at an interval of 16 h, the diet containing 6% of lipids). 2. - Sixteen hours after the oral administration of a single large dose of ethanol (5 g/kg body weight), there were only found some small modifications of the lipid composition of the liver in fasting euthyroid or thyroidectomized rats, receiving a diet with 6% of lipids before the experiment; on the contrary, when the diet contained 19% of lipids, a fatty liver occurred in the intact rat, but not in the thyroidectomized rat. 3. - The prolonged ethanol intake (in a 20% solution in water) for 5 months with a diet containing 19% of lipids did not induce a fatty liver in intact rats but produced a decrease of hepatic non phosphorus lipid and an increase of the cholesterol amounts. After the administration of L-thyroxin (10 mug/100 g body weight per day) to these alcoholic thyroidectomized rats during 2 weeks, it was found an increase of the hepatic non phosphorus lipids till an higher amount than in the euthyroid rats. 4. - The hepatic phospholipid amounts were relatively constant in the different experiments. These results accounting for this differential effects were discussed. PMID- 54134 TI - A method for studying the peripheral mediators of the dental pain induced by electrical stimulation. AB - A useful method is described in this paper for studying the mediators released from tooth pulp of the dog during the electrical stimulation of dentine. This method is based upon the perfusion of the pulp and superfusing the return continuously over the isolated, in cascade, cat jejunum and rat stomach fundus strip. The presented evidences in this study indicate the possibility of the release of bradykinin and prostaglandin - like materials from the tooth pulp during the electrical stimulation of dentine. Possible relationship of these mediators and tooth pain due to the electrical stimulation of dentine is discussed. PMID- 54135 TI - On the sterols of some ascidians. AB - The lipid content of sea squirts is low, namely less than a half percent of the fresh weight. Lipids consist of about seventy percent of saponifiable lipids and of about twenty percent of non-saponifiable lipids. Both types of these lipids, including sterols, can be synthesized from acetate by these animals. Small amounts of C30 sterols were observed only in Microcosmus sulcatus and Halocynthia papillosa, the species with a low content of C27 sterols and a high content of C28 sterols. In addition these species contained considerable higher amounts of sterols with a double bond at the C22 position than Ciona intestinalis and Styela plicata did. PMID- 54136 TI - [Action of isopropanol on rat lipid metabolism: complementary studies on mechanisms implicated in hepatic accumulation of triacylglycerides]. AB - Isopropanol administration (3 g/kg, p.o.) determines in the rat liver an inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, an enhancement of fatty acid esterification into triacylglycerols as well as an inhibition of lipoprotein secretion which appears to be related to alterations in hepatic phospholipids and which differentiates isopropanol from ethanol induced fatty liver. Disturbances in peripheral lipolysis following isopropanol administration are found only in mature rats and are not necessary to the fatty liver induction. PMID- 54137 TI - Proceedings: Mechanical properties of subcellular cardiac preparations. PMID- 54138 TI - Proceedings: Influence of a physiological pumploading on isolated cat papillary muscle. PMID- 54139 TI - Proceedings: [Importance of pulmonary vascular resistance and compliance factors on right ventricular performance]. PMID- 54140 TI - Proceedings: [Influence of Na and K on inhibition of (Na + K)-ATPase of guinea pig heart by digoxin or calcium]. PMID- 54141 TI - Proceedings: Transmembrane voltage clamp current in cardiac fibres as measured with two different methods. PMID- 54142 TI - Proceedings: Cardiac pace-maker currents and extracellular pH. PMID- 54143 TI - Proceedings: Influence of lactate on the electrical activity of cardiac Purkyne fibres in condition of metabolic acidosis. PMID- 54144 TI - Proceedings: The effects of hypoxia on the membrane resistance of ventricular muscle fibres of the guinea pig. PMID- 54145 TI - Proceedings: The effect of extracellular K on the Ca action potential in the heart. PMID- 54146 TI - Proceedings: [Comparison of the Rijlant and Kowarzky networks]. PMID- 54147 TI - Proceedings: Prostaglandins in burn induced acute oligo-anuria and oedema. PMID- 54148 TI - Proceedings: [Automatic apparatus for registering isotonic muscular contractions]. PMID- 54149 TI - Proceedings: Influence of various hydrocarbonated substrates on insulin receptivity of Acetabularia mediterranea. PMID- 54151 TI - [Lymphatic study in the surgical clinic (author's transl)]. PMID- 54150 TI - Proceedings: Relationship between hepatic cells magnesium, potassium, ATP content and membrane potentials. PMID- 54152 TI - Studies on supplementary chemotherapy combined with surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 54153 TI - Interaction between lindane and micorbes in soils. AB - Three lindane (gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) treated soils were studied under laboratory conditions to determine the interaction between lindane and the soil microorganisms. Microbial populations and respiration were monitored to study insecticide effects. Formation of lindane degradation products and chloride content were examined to determine effects of the microorganisms. Some populations in lindane treated soils showed temporary declines but all ultimately recovered to at least the level of the controls in 16 weeks. Respiration was stimulated over a 9-week period especially in the sandy and clay loams, suggesting the possibility of microbial degradation of the insecticide. Lindane degradation products separated and identified by TLC included gamma-2,3,4,5,6 pentachloro-1-cyclohexene (gamma-PCCH), gamma-3,4,5,6,-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (gamma-TCCH), gamma-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (gamma-TCCH), and pentachlorobenzene (PCB). Chloride production increased in soils treated with higher levels of lindane. PMID- 54154 TI - [Thymus changes in chicks following treatment with small doses of insecticides]. AB - Effects of small doses of insecticides (Fenclorfos and Heptaclor) upon the thymus of chickens were followed. Treatment began at the age of 3 weeks and continued during 4 or 8 weeks. Doses used were: 1 ppm for Heptaclor and 1 ppm and 0.5 ppm for Fenclorfos. Total nucleic acid, total protein, RNA, DNA, and amino acid nitrogen contents were determined, as well as GOT and GPT activities and weight of the organ. Results are interpreted as being due to the action of insecticides on the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenals axis. They depend on the nature and dosis of insecticide, as well as on the duration of the treatment. PMID- 54155 TI - [Study of Y-chromatin in the buccal epithelium of man]. AB - Investigation was carried on by fluorescent-microscopic technique, smears of buccal epithelium being stained with acrichinium-mustard gas. The extent, form, location in a nucleus and the frequency of Y-chromatin in human buccal smears were studied. In medico-genetic practice this method is employed for initial determination of chromosome sex in disease associated with anomalies of sex chromosomes. PMID- 54156 TI - [Improvement of the method of staining cationic proteins of the lysosomes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in laboratory animals and man]. AB - Some methodological drawbacks of the previously offered by the author method for speedy staining of lysosomal cation proteins have been eliminated. The method is shown to be applicable for histochemical staining of lysosome cation proteins of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Staining is carried out on blood smears and preparations-impressions from the surface of incision on the organ under study. The improved method for staining of cation proteins can be used in determining the fate of cytophagous bacteria, in cytochemistry of cation proteins of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, in detecting vital and perished bacteria in inflammation foci in bacterial infectious processes. PMID- 54157 TI - [Opportunities for the study of disorders of the microcirculation in the heart in different variants of ischemic disease]. AB - To ascertain the occurrence of disorders of blood circulation in the heart, in particular, in acute impairment of the coronary blood circulation and repeated infarctions, perfusion of the vascular system of the heart with a solution of a stain was carried out. It was shown that those parts of the heart where, due to certain reasons, there were created conditions for development of impairment of the microcirculation, remained unstained. It was corroborated by the results of histological and cytological investigations of the myocardium. The coincidence of clinical observations with the results of the perfusion may indicate that this method of investigation of the heart at autopsy makes it possible to understand better prevital disorders of capillary blood circulation. The method of perfusion of the heart with a stain is set forth in the work in detail. PMID- 54158 TI - Experimental thiamine deficiency. Neuropathic and mitochondrial changes induced in rat muscle. AB - Whether pure thiamine deficiency produces a neuropathy in Mammalia is still debated. Rats were pair-fed-synthetic diets with and without thiamine. When studied histochemically, soleus muscles from thiamine-deficient rats showed (1) small, angular fibers that had high NADH dehydrogenase activities; (2) a loss of 43% of type II (FOG) fibers; (3) decreased intensity of the reaction for betaOHB dehydrogenase; and (4) fibers with subsarcolemmal collections resembling "ragged red" muscle. Electron microscopy revealed degeneration of some small myelin sheaths of distal and intramuscular nerves; atrophic, degenerating, hypoosmophilic muscle fibers in soleus and vastus medialis; and scattered muscle fibers with abnormal collections of deranged mitochondria accompanied by lipid droplets. These abnormalities, not found in control muscles, indicate that both motor neuropathy and mild mitochondrial changes, such as are seen in the "ragged red" diseases, are induced by pure thiamine deficiency. PMID- 54159 TI - Recording site in organ of Corti determined by electrode marking technique. AB - Microelectrodes containing 9% Niagara Sky Blue dye were used to record and electrophoretically mark cells in the guinea pig organ of Corti. The tissue was fixed in acidified glutaraldehyde and the marked cells were located using the surface preparation technique. PMID- 54160 TI - The infant development distress (IDD) syndrome: a predictor of impaired development? AB - A group of eight infants with a disorder termed the IDD syndrome and another group of eight matched healthy infants taken into study at the same time have been followed-up for 6.75 years. The follow-up technique and some findings are described. Three IDD syndrome children are still severely disturbed. Three others show recovery from severe developmental disturbance. But one child who was grossly abused after being taken into the study has been well since the third follow-up. The comparison children have not experienced comparable problems. A qualified affirmative to the question of predictive power is given and discussed. PMID- 54161 TI - [Macula findings in thesaurismoses]. PMID- 54162 TI - [Optical and electronic reading aids in macular diseases]. PMID- 54163 TI - Esterase polymorphism and sensitivity to Dursban organophosphorus insecticide in Culex pipiens pipiens populations. AB - Esterase polymorphism and Dursban (O,O-dimethyl-2-pyridylphosphorothioate) sensitivity have been investigated in 12 natural populations and three laboratory strains of Culex pipiens pipiens. This mosquito has two esterase loci, Est-1 and Est-2, which were shown to code esterases of the B group (aliesterases) but not cholinesterases. No correlation between Est-1 polymorphism and Dursban sensitivity was found, but the increase of the Est-2(0.64) allele in the populations less sensitive to Dursban was highly significant (r = -0.9850 for 6 df). PMID- 54164 TI - 2-Amino-2-deoxygalacturonic acid in lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aerugimosa. AB - 2-Amino-2-deoxygalacturonic acid was identified as a component of the lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa N.C.T.C. 8505. The compound probably occurs in the region of polysaccharide responsible for O-antigenic specificity. PMID- 54165 TI - Ectoglycosyltransferase activity in suspensions and monolayers of cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 54166 TI - Reconstitution of an ATP-dependent sodium pump with an ATPase from electric eel and pure phospholipids. PMID- 54167 TI - Elimination of residual RNase activity from purified preparations of RNA-directed DNA polymerase. PMID- 54168 TI - Electron microscopic demonstration of immunoglobulin deposition in rheumatoid cartilage. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRPO) conjugated with goat antihuman IgG, goat antihuman IgM, and aggregated human IgG has been used as a enzymatic marker to stain IgG, IgM, and rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid cartilage. When Hrpo-anti IgG and HRPO anti IgM were used, immunoglobulin deposits were not observed in nonrheumatoid cartilage. However 7 of 8 rheumatoid cartilage specimens stained with HRPO-anti IgG showed electron-dense deposits. Three rheumatoid specimens stained with HRPO anti IgM showed similar findings. Both of 2 rheumatoid specimens also stained positively with HRPO conjugated with aggregated IgG, a finding indicating that rheumatoid factor was present. The deposits were seen between the collagen fibers of the superficial layer of the cartilage to a maximal depth of 22 mu from the surface (average: 7 mu). The amorphous fibrinous material on the surface of the cartilage was also stained. The demonstration of IgG, IgM, and rheumatoid factor in the superficial zone of rheumatoid cartilage suggests that immune complexes are deposited in the cartilage in this disease. PMID- 54169 TI - Effect of complement and polymorphonuclear leukocyte depletion on experimental skin lesions resembling systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Immunopathologic cutaneous lesions resembling human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be induced in mice sensitized to ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated DNA following whole body irradiation with UV light. The lesions are characterized by the formation of immune complexes at different skin sites. The role played by cellular and humoral mediators in the pathogenesis of this experimental model was investigated. The results obtained suggest that inflammation that follows UV radiation is the major factor responsible for this pathology. Accordingly mice that were rendered neutrophil PMN) deficient did not manifest skin lesions, and depletion of C3 complement component left them unchanged. In addition time course studies showed that PMN depletion did not prevent a delayed skin involvement. Thus multiple factors seem to mediate the onset of the immunopathologic changes previously described. PMID- 54170 TI - [A modified method for the determination of locations of chronically implanted electrodes in rabbit brains (author's transl)]. AB - A fast and simple method is described for the localisation of tips of chronically implanted electrodes in the brain of rabbits which may be obtained--under standard conditions--by an intra-aortal injection of a 2% potassium hexacyanoferrate-III solution. This method also facilitates histological preparations with a thickness of 5 mu only and thus permits a thorough morpho pathological examination not only in the area of the electrode tips but in adjacent zones as well. The use of a buffered formalin solution also permits certain histochemical examinations to be made, for instance the determination of nucleic acids. PMID- 54171 TI - Inhibition of the effects of alfathesin and other steroid anesthetics by catatoxic steroids in rats. AB - In rats, the sleeping time induced by overdosage with eight steroid anesthetics- alfathesin, 3-(3-oxo-17beta-hydroxy-19-nor-4-androsten-17alpha-yl)-propionic acid lactone (SC-8109), 21-hydroxy=5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione (P-234), 4-pregnene 3,11,20-trione (Bio.66), 17-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-androstene-17alpha-propionic acid gamma-lactone(SC-5233),3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnane-11,20-dione, 5beta-pregnane 3,11,20-trione (U-1373), and hydroxydione--was abolished or considerably reduced by a variety of catatoxic compounds, particularly 3beta-hydroxy-20-oxo-5-pregnene 16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN), 9alpha-fluoro-11beta,17-dihydroxy-3-oxo-4-androstene 17alpha-propionic acid potassium salt (CS-1), prednisolone, ethylestrenol and spironolactone. Phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin, two non-steroidal stimulators of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism, were also highly effective. In contrast, triamcinolone, estradiol,progesterone, desoxycorticosterone and hydroxydione, which exert little or no catatoxic activity, failed to significantly diminish anesthesia or sedation. PMID- 54172 TI - Percutaneous absorption of 14C-9alpha-fluoro-11beta,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxopregna 1,4-dieno (17alpha,16alpha-d)-2'-methyloxazolidine-21-acetate (L 6400) in rats, pigs and humans. Comparison with 3H-triamcinolone acetonide. AB - 1. The percutaneous absorption of a novel oxazolino corticosteroid, 14C-9alpha fluoro-11beta,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dioxopregna-1,4-dieno[17alpha,16alpha-d]-2' methyloxazolidine-21-acetate (L 6400) and 3H-triamcinolone acetonide (TA) was compared in rats, pigs and humans after application of a cream formulation to the skin and occlusion. 2. Within 96 h, up to 4.0% of the applied dose of L 6400 (permeability constant Kp 0.28) and up to 8.7% of TA (Kp 0.42) were percutaneously absorbed in rats. 3. Microhistoautoradiography showed that most of the applied radioactivity remained on the skin of rats. Radioactivity in the skin was mainly associated with the epidermis. 4. Within 120 h, up to 1.5% of the applied dose of L 6400 (Kp 0.16) and up to 0.5% of TA (Kp 0.07) were percutaneously absorbed in pigs. Plasma concentrations of radioactivity were maximal 48 h after application of 3H-TA whereas they were undetected after application of 14C-L 6400, because of the relatively lower specific activity of this 14C-steroid. 5. Both corticosteroids were allowed to remain in contact with human skin for 5 h and during that time, up to 1.1% of the applied dose of L 6400 (Kp 0.82) and up to 0.9% of TA (Kp 0.94) were absorbed. Results in four human subjects varied twenty-eightfold for L 6400 and fivefold for TA. Plasma concentrations of radioactivity were undetected after application of L 6400. In one subject treated with 3H-TA they were maximal after 2 h but were undetected in another subject and were found only in early samples from two others. 6. The results suggested that both corticosteroids were poorly absorbed through normal skin in rats, pigs and humans. PMID- 54173 TI - 2-phenylethanol and some of its amphiphilic derivatives as inhibitors of platelet aggregation. Structure-activity relationship. AB - The relationship between chemical structure and inhibitory activity of some simple water soluble phenylalkyl derivatives has been investigated. The inhibitory effect of the following analogous and homologous derivatives increases in the sequence: phenylacetic acid less than 2-phenylethanol less than 2 phenylethylamine = 4-phenylbutyric acid less than 3-phenylpropanol less than 4 phenylbutylamine, i.e., the inhibitory effect is potentiated. 1. by elongation of the alkyl chain, which is accompanied by an increase of the lipophilic character, and 2. when the polar portion is represented by the positively charged amino group. The effect of these amphiphilic compounds on platelet aggregation appears to be mediated through polar and apolar interactions with the outer layers of the plasma membrane. The fact that the amino derivatives are the most active inhibitors suggests that negatively charged groups may be involved in the polar binding of these inhibitors. Experiments with neuraminidase-treated platelets revealed that the enzymatically removable sialic acid residues are not those negatively charged binding sites. Phentolamine and propranolol which block adrenergic alpha- and beta-receptors, respectively, do not influence the inhibitory effect of these agents. PMID- 54174 TI - [Characteristics of the phlogistic action of melittin, its C-terminal fragment and some basic peptides in the rat paw (author's transl)]. AB - Injection into the rat paw of either melittin, its C-terminal dekapeptide, tetralysine or triarginine causes an inflammatory response with melittin having the highest and the last mentioned peptides the lowest activity. The inflammatory action of melittin and the dekapeptide has the following characteristics: 1. it is mainly due to the liberation of histamine, since on both compounds the anti histaminic diphenhydramine has a pronounced inhibitory effect; 2. di-sodium cromoglycate inhibits only the inflammatory action of the dekapeptide but has no effect on the activity of melittin. Melittin and its fragment thus liberate histamine via different routes. PMID- 54175 TI - Effect of thiouracil upon canine arterial elastic tissue. AB - Unlike some other mammalian species, the dog is relatively resistant to the development of elevated levels of serum cholesterol after prolonged cholesterol feeding. This may be overcome by suppressing thyroid activity with thiouracil. Information regarding possible activity of thiouracil itself upon the arterial tissues is almost nonexistent. The present investigation was undertaken to test whether this drug has any such action, especially upon the arterial elastic tissues. Destructive changes were observed in arterial elastic tissues in dogs given thiouracil for three and six months. The changes consisted of accentuation of the elastic fibrillar components, formation and subsequent coalescence of clefts, and fragmentation and ultimate "dissolution" of the elastic elements. The results suggest that thiouracil may exert a damaging effect upon the arterial elastic fibers; thus, it is possible that one of the mechanisms by which thiouracil and cholesterol administration induces experimental atherosclerosis in the dog is by elastic tissue destruction, possibly promoting the subsequent lipid accumulation in the arterial wall. PMID- 54182 TI - Immunologic cell features in lymphocytic leukemias: a review. AB - Since four years, it has been possible to classify most cases of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) as given to the expansion of abnormal B-lymphocytes. On the contrary, the T-cell class is apparently normal and the T cell extent in CLL-peripheral blood can be even greater than normal when taken as absolute value. The clonal nature theory of B-lymphocytes in CLL is substantiated by the fact that, in general, in every patient only one Ig light chain determinant is present. Again, when serum Ig monoclonality is present in CLL, it appears idiotypically identical to the Ig shown by the lymphocytes of the same patient. Among the most important B-lymphocyte abnormalities in CLL, there are: (a) fluorescence of surface Ig is usually less intense than that in normal subjects, and fluorescence intensity may vary not only from patient to patient, but also from cell to cell in the same patient; (b) the Fc-receptor can be lacking; (c) the C3b-receptor is not always present, or it is from 2 to 20 folds less frequent than the C3d-receptor, whereas normal human lymphocytes do not show any outstanding differences between the number of EAC rosette-forming cells either when tested with mouse complement (C3d-receptor) or with human complement (C3b receptor); (d) the traffic capacity of peripheral-blood B-lymphocytes in CLL is quite defective. All the above-mentioned data, taken as a whole, suggest that CLL is in general given by the expansion of an abnormal clone of cells of B origin, arrested in their maturative development, non-responsive to the mitogen stimulation, accumulating in the peripheral-blood for a traffic deficiency. PMID- 54183 TI - [The complement fixation test with BCG in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis]. AB - The utility of complement-fixation test with an antigen from commercially lyophilized BCG was investigated in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. The following results were obtained: Visceral leishmaniasis: 4 positivity on 5 cases; Oriental sore: 3 positivity on 6 cases; Canine leishmaniasis: 6 positivity, at high level, and 2 negativity; Other diseases: 5 positivity, on 17 sera of tbc; No positivity in sera from patients with various diseases, in control and in normal dogs. The results are compared with those quoted in medical literature and discussed. The meaning of the reaction is also briefly discussed, and the hypothesis of the presence of partigens between BCG and leishmania, or presence of autoantibodies is prospected. PMID- 54184 TI - [Induction of prophage gamma by means of bleomycin treatment]. AB - The kinetics of induction of lambda prophage with bleomycin A2-CP3, mitomycin C and a combination of these two antibiotics have been studied. Bleomycin has been found to cause a rapid induction of prophage in exponentially growing cultures of E. coli K12 (lambda), and the maximal values of including activity are obtained after treatment for 16 minutes with a concentration of 10 mug/ml. The per cent of induction, calculated from the total number of surviving cells, including the phage producing cells, better expresses the dynamics of the phenomenon. The number of inducing events in the population of exposed cells is proportional to the length of bleomycin treatment. These values are greater than those observed after treatment with mitomycin, at the same concentration. Inducing activity is enhanced by combination of the two antibiotics and this effect is not additive, but synergic. After the 16 minutes of treatment with bleomycin the burst sizes are lower than those which are obtained with mitomycin or with the combination of the two antibiotics. The results are interpreted as a consequence and a confirmation of the different mechanisms of action that distinguishes bleomycin from mitomycin. PMID- 54185 TI - Natural antibodies against colicines in human and animal sera. AB - The presence of "natural antibodies" against colicines was detected in the sera of 13 (29.5%) hospitalized recruits aged 20-29 years, 4 (25%) hospitalized males aged 30-49 years, 8 (40%) outpatient elderly subjects aged 50-79 years and in the sera of 15 (27.2%) animals. It is discussed the possible role of colicines as antigenic determinants stimulating the production of "natural antibodies", because of the prolonged and repeated contact of colicinogenic strains with the host animals. PMID- 54186 TI - Spread of hepatitis-B infections. A seroepidemiologic study. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (R.I.A.), allowing simultaneous detection and quantitation either of HB, Ag or of anti-HBs, was applied to check the spread of hepatitis-B virus (H.B.V.) infections in various groups of population. R.I.A. procedures were also used to validate positive reactions and to determine the subtype specificity of sera. The overall prevalence of neutralizing anti-HBs in tested sera was almost 4-fold higher, although generally at rather low titres, than prevalence of HBs Ag. Frequency of HBs Ag and anti-HBs was rather high among healthy individuals from the normal Italian population and was extremely high among individuals from East Africa (Tanzania), as well as among healthy or sub normal institutionalized subjects, among dialyzed renal patients and unselected blood-donors from 5 Italian towns. 80.2% of HBs Ag and anti-HBs detected in Italy were ay subtype, while most of positive sera from Tanzania (72.3%) were ad, which extends the map of H.B.V. subtypes in Africa. All tested ad antigens, either from Italy and from Tanzania, carried the w secondary determinant. Low-titre neutralizing anti-HBs, predominantly bearing a and d specificity, were also found in almost all examined preparations of standard immunoglobulins, which were imported from U.S.A. PMID- 54187 TI - Increase in serum alpha foetoprotein level in hepatic regeneration of the rat. Effects of age and of magnitude of regenerative activity. AB - The effects of variable degrees of liver regeneration induced by two-thirds partial hepatectomy or intoxication with different doses of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) on increased production of alpha foetoprotein (AFP) have been studied in very young (5-6 weeks) and older (15 weeks and more) rats by counter immunoelectrophoresis (sensitivity down to 250 ng/ml). In the young animal adequate regeneration following two-thirds hepatectomy as well as 100 myl CCl4 successfully induced large increases in serum AFP levels. Smaller doses as well as a large fatal dose of the toxin, all of which resulted in inadequate regenerative activity, failed to excite AFP synthesis and secretion up to detectable levels. The adult animal did not show detectable AFP with any of these procedures. However, necrosis induced in the regenerating adult liver 24 h following partial hepatectomy did result in the detection of small amounts of protein in the serum. It is concluded that in hepatic regeneration of this species, the age of the animal as well as the magnitude of regenerating activity in the liver are critical in the occurrence of high levels of serum AFP. PMID- 54188 TI - Tape/slide programmes for independent study. Methods of presentation to students. AB - Programmed audio tape/slide presentations have been presented to students by a variety of methods, (a) individual or pairs of students using automatic equipment in study booths; (b) students using simple portable equipment in or out of the learning centre; (c) groups of students in which discussion was encouraged; and (d) groups of students in which the student answered the questions individually without discussion. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. With the exception of the groups without discussion, all were popular and chosen by a significant number of students as the method of choice. Automatic equipment in study booths was the most popular single method though the use of simple portable equipment had particular advantages. The majority of students prefer to have access to more than one method of presentation and attempts should be made to provide the learner with a variety of opportunities. The use of individual learning materials by groups of students should be further explored. PMID- 54189 TI - Measuring blood pressure. Training film to illustrate problems of intra- and inter-observer variation. AB - Some of the errors inherent in the measurement of blood pressure and how they can be overcome have been described. A film has been made consisting of 16 blood pressure readings. This can be used in an attempt to illustrate to a class of students the problems of intra- and inter-observer variation. It is also suggested that the readings act as an easily collected source of data which can be used by students outside the class for further analysis. PMID- 54190 TI - Tape/slide course in ophthalmology for undergraduates. AB - A tape/slide course in ophthalmology was used for fifth year medical students at the University of Edinburgh. A statistical comparison between the tape/slide and lecture method of teaching showed no significant difference in examination results: means mark (P greater than 0-50), spread of mark (P greater than 0-05), or in question consistency (P greater than 0-40). The tape/slide method is initially time consuming to produce but has clear advantages in the long term, being of a consistently high standard, easy to present and repeat, useful in revision, for student electives and in lecturers' absence. PMID- 54191 TI - Reflex disturbances of cardiac rhythm during ophthalmic surgery. AB - Cardiac rhythm was monitored in 219 patients who had ocular operations under general anaesthesia and in 15 patients who had cataract surgery under local analgesia. Of these, 140 were children having squint surgery. The high incidence of the oculo-cardiac reflex and the adequate protective effect of atropine 0-01 mg/kg given intravenously was confirmed. Isolated extrasystoles were common, particularly in older patients, and sustained ectopic cardiac arrhythmias were observed in 4-6 per cent of patients of all ages. The significance of these arrhythmias in relation to surgical stimulation and the anaesthetic drugs used is discussed. PMID- 54192 TI - The immunological properties of pyruvate kinase. II. The relationship of the human erythrocyte isozyme to the human liver isozymes. AB - We have examined the hypothesis that the human erythrocyte isozyme of pyruvate kinase (EC 2.7.1.40) is a hybrid of the two isozymes present in liver. Rabbit antiserum against purified human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase inactivates the erythrocyte isozyme and the major liver isozyme from human tissue but does not inactivate the minor liver isozyme. The electrophoretic mobilities of the erythrocyte and major liver isozymes are altered by anti-erythrocyte enzyme antibody while the mobility of the minor liver isozyme is unaffected. Gel diffusion analysis indicates cross-reactivity between the erythrocyte and major liver isozyme but no cross-reactivity with the minor liver isozyme. The hybrid hypothesis would predict cross-reactivity including changes in activity and mobility of all isozymes and we conclude, therefore that the hypothesis is incorrect. PMID- 54193 TI - Calf lens messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes. Characterization and comparison of template activity with corresponding mRNAs. AB - Lens messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes have been isolated from calf lens polysomes by sucrose gradient centrifugation after puromycin-induced dissociation. A 10 S mRNA was released from a 13 S messenger ribonucleoprotein complex and a 14 S mRNA from a 19 S messenger ribonucleoprotein complex. Two major protein components with molecular weights of approx. 64 000 and 40 000 were isolated from each of the messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes after RNAase digestion. Buoyant density determinations suggest that the messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes contain approximately one mol of each major protein species per mol mRNA. In contrast to lens mRNA, lens messenger ribonucleoproteins are poor templates for transcription with avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. Similar results were also obtained with globin messenger ribonucleoprotein containing either two major protein species (or deficient in the lower molecular weight protein species). Polynucleotide phosphorylase eliminates the reverse transcription template activity of the lens mRNA. This effect is blocked in the messenger ribonucleoprotein. Such observations suggest that at least one of the protein components associated with lens messenger ribonucleoprotein may be located in the 3'-terminal region. Only a small variation in translation activity was observed between the messenger ribonucleoproteins and their respective mRNAs. PMID- 54194 TI - [Effect of synthetic polynucleotides and RNA on poly(C)-dependent poly(G) polymerase activity of Q beta replicase]. AB - The effect of synthetic polynucleotides and phage RNA on poly(C)-dependent synthesis of poly (G) by Qbeta replicase is studied. It is shown that single stranded poly(U) and poly (dT) are strong inhibitors whereas structured polynucleotides poly(A), MS2 RNA as well as double stranded complexes poly(A) poly(U) and poly(A)-poly(dT) do not affect the synthesis of poly(G). It is suggested that contact region of template with enzyme has single stranded unhelical structure and affinity of polynucleotides to Qbeta replicase is determined by degree of their secondary structure. PMID- 54195 TI - What moves chromosomes, microtubules or microfilaments? AB - An investigation of the spindle apparatus of crane-fly (Nephrotoma suturalis) spermatocytes has been undertaken using methods that permit combined light and electron microscopy of selected cells. At the ultrastructural level, spindles contain microtubules in a granular matrix. Microtubules have been classified as kinetochore microtubules (which connect to kinetochores of chromosomes) and non kinetochore microtubules (not attached to kinetochores). Kinetochore microtubules are distributed in densely packed bundles, which are the birefringent chromosomal fibers seen in living cells. Actin filaments were not observed in spindles of unglycerinated cells or in cells fixed in glutaraldehyde containing tannic acid, which negatively stains F-actin in situ and thus can be used to aid the localization of actin filaments in non-muscle cells. The absence of actin filaments in the spindle coupled with their presence in the "contractile ring" of spermatocytes fixed during cytokinesis is evidence against the hypothesis that chromosome movements are microfilament-based. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that microtubules are involved in the mechanism of chromosome transport. The details of that mechanism remain to be clarified. PMID- 54196 TI - The Gm-Pi linkage: a summary estimate. PMID- 54197 TI - Linkage relationships of the HL-A system and beta 2 microglobulin. PMID- 54198 TI - Stains for six enzymes potentially applicable to chromosomal assignment by cell hybridization. PMID- 54199 TI - Evidence for significant hematopoiesis in the human thymus. AB - Earlier studies on fetal thymus suggested that certain of the large pyroninophilic cells found there might have a hemopoietic role, and it was decided to determine the nature of these cells using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. Thymic tissue from aborted fetuses, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths was examined histochemically using methods for the detection of chloroacetate esterase, peroxidase, and pseudoperoxidase, and by staining techniques for mast cells and eosinophils. Tissue was also examined using the indirect immunoperoxidase method for the presence of hemoglobin A (HbA) and F (HbF), for lysozyme (muramidase) and immunoglobins alpha, mu, gamma, kappa, lambda. Positive staining to some degree was seen in cells in the connective tissue stroma using all methods, and the cells stained corresponded to one or another of the types of pyroninophilic cells present. The finding of large cells with positive chloroacetate esterase and antilysozyme indicates the presence of granulopoiesis. Similarly, the presence of large nucleated cells with pseudoperoxidase and anti-hemoglobin (A and F) staining indicates the presence of erythropoiesis. Plasma cells were present in small numbers. PMID- 54200 TI - Persistence of BHC (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexachlorocyclohexane) and dieldrin residues in field soils. PMID- 54201 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) in the rivers Avon and Frome. AB - On June 19, 1973 very high levels of Aroclor 1254 were determined in the River Avon and Frome. The source might have been cleaning of systems in factories which use them. The levels decreased with time. In fish from the River Avon three types of Aroclors were determined. PMID- 54202 TI - Letter: Hormones, elderly testes, and carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 54203 TI - Serum protein analysis following implantation of methyl methacrylate in rats. AB - Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley white rats were implanted with methyl methacrylate and bone wax in a 1:1 ratio. At periods of 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days-post implantation arterial blood samples were drawn and the serum protein separated electrophoretically. A significant depression in the alpha 1 and alpha 2 fractions of the methacrylate animals was demonstrated as was a significant increase in the beta fraction of the 3 day group. There was a sustained depression of the alpha 1 fraction in the methacrylate animals in a 3 day and a 5 day time period. It is not felt, however, that this is indicative of a mechanism for the diverse phenomena that have been described secondary to implantation of methyl methacrylate. PMID- 54204 TI - Trends in diagnosis and treatment of laryngeal carcinoma in West Germany. PMID- 54205 TI - Differentiation of squamous carcinoma of the larynx as a determinant of prognosis. AB - The changes seen by light and electron microscopy in the differentiation of squamous carcinoma are described. The grading of the differentiation of squamous carcinomas by overall impression and by quantitative methods are discussed. Reasons are given for retaining the former in the assessment of prognosis. Other differentiating phenomena, particularly retention of basement membrane in the formation of rounded rather than jagged growing edges, are discussed. The differentiating effect of radiation on squamous carcinomas is discussed as a means of assessing the efficacy of the radiation. A similar differentiating effect of bleomycin, a cytotoxic drug, on human squamous carcinoma is described. Using electron microscopical criteria belomycin also increases differentiation of a transplanted, experimental, poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma and human laryngeal carcinoma cells in tissue culture. The significance and possible practical utilization of this phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 54206 TI - Theories of pain and congenital universal insensitivity to pain. PMID- 54207 TI - "B" cell origin of malignant cells in a case of American Burkitt's lymphoma. Characterization of cells from a pleural effusion. AB - Ninety-eight percent of the cells isolated from a malignant pleural effusion in a case of American Burkitt's lymphoma showed membrane fluorescence to antihuman IgM antisera, while only 2% of the cells formed spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells. It is concluded that the Burkitt cells in the malignant effusion are derived from bursal equivalent lymphocytes. Epstein-Barr (E-B) viral titers to both viral capsule antigen and early antigen were not elevated. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 54208 TI - Quantitation of T and B lymphocytes and cellular immune function in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes were quantitated in 42 patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease and the results compared with the response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation and delayed hypersensitivity skin testing. T lymphocytes were identified by an in vitro cytotoxicity assay employing a specific anti-T-cell serum and by spontaneous rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E rosettes). The percentage of T cells in the patients was similar to that of normal subjects as judged by the cytotoxicity assay (65 to 90%). In addition, absolute T-lymphocyte counts were normal in 63% of the patients and were generally reduced only in those with lymphopenia. The percentage of T lymphocytes determined by the E-rosette assay was similar to that determined by the cytotoxicity assay in normal controls, but was significantly lower than that determined by the cytotoxicity assay in the patients. Moreover, the decreased response to PHA stimulation in the patients was directly correlated with the decrease in E-rosette formation. These findings suggest that T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood are not generally diminished in untreated Hodgkin's disease. However, a proportion of these cells exhibits altered surface interactions that may account for some aspects of their impaired immunologic function. PMID- 54209 TI - Combination chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and imidazole carboxamide versus MOPP. AB - This paper reports the preliminary results of a controlled study randomizing MOPP vs. a new four-drug combination (ABVD) in advanced Hodgkin's disease. ABVD consists of 6 cycles of adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and imidazole carboxamide. The purpose for designing this new combination was two-fold: to compare the efficacy of ABVD with MOPP, and to demonstrate absence of cross resistance between the two regimens. Of 60 patients entered into the study, 45 (MOPP25, ABVD20) are presently evaluable for the analysis of remission induction. No patient was previously treated with chemotherapy; 20% had relapsed after primary radiotherapy. Whenever possible, complete remission was defined also through rebiopsy of known organ involvement. Complete remission occurred in 76% of patients treated with MOPP and in 75% of those given ABVD, with no difference between the two regimens as far as stage (IIIB-IIIS and IV), histologic type, and prior irradiation were concerned. Crossover carried out for progressive disease or for relapse after initial remission showed absence of cross-resistance between MOPP and ABVD. Toxic manifestations after ABVD were in general well tolerated and reversible. The percent of optimal dose for each drug was as follows: adriamycin 87%, vinblastine 87%, bleomycin 96%, and imidazole carboxamide 96%. These preliminary results indicate that in terms of complete remission, ABVD could represent a successful alternative to MOPP to be used either in MOPP failures or in sequential combination with MOPP. However, the lack of long-term followup limits at the present time an adequate comparison between the two treatments. PMID- 54210 TI - 67Ga accumulation in pulmonary lesions associated with bleomycin toxicity. AB - The radionuclide, gallium-67, accumulates in a wide variety of neoplastic and inflammatory lesions. Diffuse bilateral lung localization of 67Ga occurred in two cases of interstitial pneumonitis associated with bleomycin therapy. Clinical symptoms and laboratory evaluation of pulmonary status correlated with scintigraphic studies in these two patients, while discrepancies between scintigraphic and roentgenographic findings were observed. PMID- 54211 TI - Enhancement by tetrahydrouridine (NSC-112907) of the oral activity of 5 azacytidine (NSC-102816) in L1210 leukemic mice. AB - 5-Azacytidine is more active when administered parenterally than orally in the treatment of L1210 leukemic mice. Oral coadministration of tetrahydrouridine, a pyrimidine nucleoside deaminase inhibitor with no intrinsic antitumor activity, greatly increases the oral activity of 5-azacytidine. 5-azacytidine (or cytotoxic equivalent) blood levels in BDF mice are much higher after oral administration of the 5-azacytidine-tetrahydrouridine combination than when 5-azacytidine is administered alone by the same route. The therapeutic results (L1210 leukemia) achieved with the oral combination are similar to those observed with parenteral 5-azacytidine alone. PMID- 54212 TI - Continuous intravenous bleomycin (NSC-125066) therapy with vinblastine (NSC 49842) in stage III testicular neoplasia. AB - Twenty-three patients with stage III germinal neoplasia of the testis were treated with a variation of our original vinblastine-bleomycin program. This modification consisted of 0.4 mg/kg of vinblastine given in two fractions on Days 1 and 2 followed by continuous intravenous administration of 30 units of bleomycin in 1000 cc of 5% glucose and distilled water over a 24-hour period for 5 successive days beginning on Day 2. Therapy was repeated every 28-35 days as toxicity permitted. There were 17 responses, nine of which were complete (39%). Eight of the complete responses were in patients with massive disease in whom a low complete response rate was expected. Toxic effects consisted of severe leukopenia in 90% thrombopenia in 50%, and unexplained transient hyperbilirubinemia in about 30% of the patients. Bleomycin pneumonitis occurred in one patient and resulted in death. Hypertension was a new and unexpected side reaction experienced by four patients. Further trials are indicated since the complete response rate in patients with advanced massive disease appears to be improved. PMID- 54213 TI - Possible mechanisms for the antitumor activity of platinum coordination complexes. PMID- 54214 TI - Reversible penile calcifications associated with bleomycin (NSC-125066)-induced pulmonary toxicity. PMID- 54215 TI - Combination therapy with 5-azacytidine (NSC-102816) and methyl-GAG (NSC-32946) in previously treated adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 54216 TI - [Follow-up on the development of pleural hyalinoses in the population in comparison with subjects exposed to asbestos dust]. PMID- 54217 TI - [Suppression of antibody production in mice and rabbits upon administration of human plasma alpha globulin fraction (author's transl)]. PMID- 54218 TI - Location of glycogen in spermatids and spermatozoa of the shipworm, Bankia australis (Teredinidae, Bivalvia, Mollusca). AB - The periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate technique and alpha amylase digestion were used to locate glycogen in the spermatids and sperms of the bivalve Bankia australis. Glycogen was found in the middle piece and around the acrosome in spermatozoa, apparently randomly scattered throughout the cytoplasm of young spermatids, and in a cytoplasmic bead in old spermatids. PMID- 54219 TI - Granulocyte differentiation by Friend leukemia cells. AB - Friend leukemia cells growing in suspension culture are thought to represent a population of primitive erythroid cells which have undergone malignant transformation. We have found that when growing in vivo or in plasma clots in vitro, these suspension culture cells can exhibit morphologic and enzymatic properties which are characteristic of primitive granulocytic cells. The microenvironment in which the tumor cells grow plays a major role in determining the direction of differentiation of these leukemia cells. Hence it appears likely that the Friend cell is in fact a neoplastic pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell. PMID- 54220 TI - Lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis of allogenic tumor cell in vitro. II. Binding of cytotoxic lymphocytes to formaldehyde-fixed target cells. PMID- 54221 TI - In vitro immune response by murine bone marrow cells stimulated against soluble immune complexes. PMID- 54222 TI - Allogenic mast cell degranulation induced by histocompatibility antibodies: an in vitro model of transplantation anaphylaxis. PMID- 54223 TI - Reaginic antibody formation in the mouse. VI. Suppression of IgE and IgG antibody responses to ovalbumin following the administration of high dose urea-denatured antigen. PMID- 54224 TI - Inability of EDTA to prevent damage mediated by cytolytic T-lymphocytes. PMID- 54225 TI - [Problem in the determination of calcinosis by means of hematoxylin]. AB - The histochemical analysis of a number of dystrophic and metastatic calcifications revealed that the haematoxylinophilia of calcified tissues is not based on the inorganic component, but on their organic component. In most of the cases the material examined contained protein on the basis of its staining properties, as well as neutral and acid mucosubstances and, most probably, also covalently bound phosphate. Exceptionally the organic component appeared to be unequivocally acidic phospholipid, tigtly bound to an inorganic component. The significance of the findings has been discussed. PMID- 54226 TI - [Congenital toxoplasmosis with activation of extramedullary hematopoiesis in a premature infant]. AB - An immature neonate surviving for 45 minutes showed a generalized hydrops and hepatosplenomegaly unassociated with blood incompatibility. A marked activation of extramedullary haematopoiesis was observed not only in its liver and spleen, but also in the interstitium of the lungs, pancreas, kidneys, and adrenal glands. In addition, extensive necrosis of the brain and diffuse nonsuppurative myositis and myocarditis were found. All the changes were due to congenital toxoplasmosis, which has been confrimed by the findings of occasional pseudocysts within the placenta, by the result of the parasitologic examination of the brain of the autopsied infant and by serological examination of the mother post partum. PMID- 54227 TI - [New histochemical contributions to the study of corticotropic cells in the adenohypophysis of the chick enbryo]. AB - Comparative analysis of results obtained after subsequent treatments of chick embryo adenohypophysis by anti-ACTH 17-39 Is, PAS and Bodian method demonstrates that ACTH cells are PAS positive, Bodian negative and are located in the cephalic lobe. With the histochemical fluorescence method of Falck, the cells marked by anti-ACTH 17-39 Is exhibit an induced fluorescence, after L-DOPA injection. However, after treatment by metopirone, numerous cells of the caudal part of the adenohypophysis take up L-DOPA but they are not corticotrophs. PMID- 54228 TI - Permanent pacemaker implantation in infants, children, and adolescents. Long-term follow-up. AB - Twenty-four patients in the pediatric age range who underwent implantation of a cardiac pacemaker for treatment of complete atrioventricular (A-V) block were followed for an average of five years (range 1-12 years). The etiology of the A-V block was surgical in 13 cases, congenital in nine, and acquired in two. Twenty patients had symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency and four had congestive heart failure. To date, 18 of the 24 patients studied are alive and well. Death occurred in six patients, five of whom had complex congenital heart defects, and one of whom had Refsum's disease. Death probably was caused by complete heart block despite pacemaker treatment in four patients, and congestive heart failure in two. In 18 of the 24 children with disabling complete A-V block, pacemaker therapy provided relief of symptoms and prolonged life. PMID- 54229 TI - Immunological methods for human placental alkaline phosphatase (Regan isoenzyme). AB - Four different immunological methods for the determination of the placental isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase (Regan isoenzyme) were compared in 64 normal blood donors, 23 healthy laboratory and medical staff workers and 68 pregnant women: a. Inhibition by soluble antibodies to the placental enzyme. b. Precipitation with soluble antibodies. c. Precipitation with immobilized antibodies. d. Measurement of the activity of the placental alkaline phosphatase following binding to an immunoabsorbent that has been obtained by polymerization of anti-placental-alkaline phosphatase gamma-globulin using glutaraldehyde. The immunoabsorbent method yielded the best results. The optimal conditions were evaluated for the measurement of the activity of immunoabsorbent-fixed placental (tumoral) alkaline phosphatase activity. This method was applied to 209 normal blood donors and to 239 patients with different malignant tumors: 25.5 percent of the cancer patients exhibited an elevated Regan -isoenzyme activity in the serum. PMID- 54230 TI - Studies on the inhibition of macrophage migration induced by soluble antigen antibody complexes. AB - Mixtures of serum of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) immunized guinea-pigs and tuberculin PPD consistently inhibited the in vitro migration of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) of normal guinea-pigs. It is shown that this inhibitory effect is due to a soluble complex between an IgG2 antibody and PPD. By separation of PPD on Sephadex G-200 two peaks were obtained, corresponding respectively to molecular weights of at least 800,000 and 25,000, separated by a plateau. Material derived from both peaks and from the plateau was able to form inhibitory complexes with anti-PPD IgG2. When a mixture of small molecular weight PPD and anti-PPD IgG2 was fractionated on Sephadex G-200, the inhibitory activity was recovered in the void region only. The detection of both IgG2 and PPD in the latter was taken as evidence for the presence of a high molecular weight antigen antibody complex. When the mechanism of complex-induced inhibition of migration was examined it was found that: (1) complexes act directly on macrophages present in the peritoneal exudate; (2) removal of the Fc fragment of IgG2 by pepsin abolishes its ability to form migration inhibitory complexes; (3) passive sensitization of macrophages with anti-PPD IgG2, followed by exposure to PPD does not result in inhibition of migration; (4) in order to obtain migration inhibition, the complexes must be present during the entire migration period. A 2 hr pulse with complexes does not induce permanent inhibition; (5) the migration inhibitory activity of antigen--antibody complexes can be abolished by certain concentrations of puromycin and aminophylline. PMID- 54231 TI - Bacterial blocking activity of specific IgG in chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. AB - A factor has been demonstrated in the serum of some patients with chronic Gram negative infections which specifically blocks bactericidal activity against the infecting organism. Sera with this factor, that had been obtained from patients suffering from chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, were fractionated by Sephadex G-200 and DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. Blocking activity was detected in the Sephadex G-200 '7S' peak and eluted from the DEAE column along with the serum IgG. Immunoelectrophoresis studies of this material along with pure IgG showed that the bactericidal blocking factor in these patients was IgG. The blocking factor was specific in its ability to protect bacteria, and could be absorbed from the serum by the particular bacterial strain isolated from the patient. Possible clinical importance of blocking activity by IgG is suggested by the persistent nature of the Ps. aeruginosa infections in these patients. PMID- 54232 TI - Surface antigenic specificities of human thymus-derived lymphocytes. AB - Surface antigenic specificities of human thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes were studied by cytotoxicity tests using a heterologous rabbit anti-human thymus serum. This serum showed higher cytotoxic titres on thymocytes by comparison with peripheral lymphocytes. After proper absorption the antiserum was non-toxic for chronic lymphatic leukaemia cells, but lysed the majority of thymocytes. It also lysed some of peripheral lymphocytes, corresponding to those lymphocytes which bound sheep erythrocytes (E) but not erythrocyte-antibody-complement complexes (EAC). Pretreatment of lymphocytes with the absorbed antiserum and complement completely abrogated rosette formation with E but spared EAC-binding lymphocytes. It also eliminated their reactivity to phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A. These findings indicate that the absorbed serum causes selective lysis of T cells. The results obtained from quantitative absorption studies suggest that a certain loss of T-cell antigens is brought about during the differentiation of thymocytes into peripheral T cells. PMID- 54233 TI - Binding of 125I-labelled encephalitogenic basic protein to normal lymphocytes. Inhibition with multiple sclerosis serum. AB - A sheep lymphocyte 125I-labelled human encephalitogenic basic protein (125I-BP) binding assay was used to study the correlation of 125I-BP binding with the diagnosis and status of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. MS serum generally caused significant inhibition of binding, and serum from MS patients in remission caused significantly more inhibition than serum from MS patients in relapse. Serum inhibition increased in association with improvement in neurological status in three out of four MS patients studied for more than 10 months. PMID- 54234 TI - Characteristics of the leucocyte-aggregation assay for cell-mediated immunity. AB - The leucocyte aggregation assay detects cell-mediated immunity by the specific adherence of sensitized lymphocytes onto target cell monolayers. Leucocyte aggregates appear to develop by instruction of non-immune cells by sensitized T lymphocytes. B cells may function in a secondary capacity to amplify aggregate formation. The reactions are sensitive to low temperatures and to metabolic inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis and function. Serum factors alternatively enhanced or blocked the phenomenon, depending upon the immune status of the patient. This assay may prove useful for the dissection of allograft rejection and tumor resistance due to its brevity, reflection of T-cell immunity, and sensitivity to host humoral factors. PMID- 54235 TI - E and EAC rosetting lymphocytes in patients with carcinoma of bronchus. II. A sequential study of thirty patients: effect of BCG. AB - T and B lymphocytes have been estimated in thirty patients with carcinoma of bronchus at monthly intervals. The patients have been treated by surgery, radiotherapy or no conventional antineoplastic therapy, with or without monthly intradermal BCG. Significant increase in T-lymphocyte percentages occurred in three out of six patients treated by BCG and no conventional therapy, and similar increases were observed in other BCG-treated patients. Patterns emerged suggesting that the T-lymphocyte percentage may be depressed, directly or indirectly, by tumour and recover after surgery or palliative radiotherapy; that high T-lymphocyte levels may accompany reactive lymphocytosis to tumour and that T-lymphocyte collapse was associated with, and appeared to precede terminal clinical deterioration in many patients. PMID- 54236 TI - Quantification of IgG subclasses in sera of normal adults and healthy children between 4 and 12 years of age. AB - The concentration of the four subclasses of IgG was determined in sera of normal adults and healthy children between 4 and 12 years of age, using the radial immunodiffusion technique. A relation between the concentration of IgG subclasses and Gm type was studied in adults. No influence of Gm type on IgG1 concentration could be shown, except that the group of Gm(fb) individuals had a higher level than the others. The mean concentration of IgG2 was higher in sera positive for Gm(n) than in those lacking this genetic marker. High IgG3 concentrations corresponded to the presence of Gm(b). No clearcut evidence was obtained for a relation between IgG4 concentration and Gm factors, although in general Gm(n) positive individuals had higher and Gm (zag) positive individuals lower concentrations of this subclass in their serum. Quantification of IgG subclasses in sera from healthy children of different ages revealed that the amount of IgG2 rises slowly with age, having not yet reached the adult level at the age of 12 years. This also holds for IgG4, although in a lesser degree. No significant differences from the adult level were found for the concentrations of IgG1 and IgG3. PMID- 54237 TI - [Electrocardiogram during selective coronarography. Principal modifications observed during electrocardiography in 26 patients]. PMID- 54238 TI - Speculation and experimentation in early poliomyelitis research. PMID- 54239 TI - Kitasato, Yersin, and the plague bacillus. PMID- 54240 TI - Nostalgia: a "forgotten" psychological disorder. PMID- 54241 TI - Scientific empiricism in the Middle Ages: Albertus Magnus on sexual anatomy and physiology. PMID- 54242 TI - Immunological properties of dinitrophenyl derivatives of beta-subunit of the human chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 54243 TI - [Antigenic spectrum of different areas of the rat brain]. PMID- 54244 TI - [Correlation of differential staining of a chromosome locus and its genetic activity]. PMID- 54245 TI - Sex-dependent differences in the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides in rat liver after repeated administration of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane. AB - Utilization of [2-14C]orotic acid for the synthesis of the pyrimidine components of the free nucleotide pool and RNA from isolated cytoplasmic ribosomes was investigated in the liver of female and male rats. In females, labeled orotic acid is incorporated relatively more into uridine than into cytidine nucleotides; the opposite is true for males. The administration of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH) decreases the specific radioactivity of rRNA cytidylic acid more in males than in females. Simultaneously, the level of liver microsomal cytochrome P 450 is increased after the administration of alpha-HCH more in males than in females. After four days of treatment with alpha-HCH, the concentrations of the uridine and cytidine components of the acid-soluble pool are slightly depressed. Following repeated administration of alpha-HCH, the utilization of labeled uridine for the synthesis of cytidine nucleotides of the acid-soluble pool and RNA is depressed, whereas that of labeled cytidine is enhanced. Repeated administration of alpha-HCH decreases the utilization of [2-14C]orotic acid for the synthesis of cytidine nucleotides of DNA; the specific radioactivity of thymidylic acid is increased. The administration of beta-diethylaminoethyl diallylacetate (CFT-1201) to animals that have repeatedly received alpha-HCH decreases the specific radioactivity of DNA thymine. PMID- 54246 TI - [Jaundice after aprindin (author's transl)]. AB - Viral-hepatitis-like hepatic damage ("aprindin hepatitis") developed in a 50-year old woman after taking aprindin, the cause of the jaundice being confirmed by the same signs occurring when the drug was taken again after initial withdrawal. PMID- 54247 TI - Integrated control of urban mosquitoes in Dar es Salaam using community sanitation supplemented by larviciding. PMID- 54248 TI - Cheyne-Stokes respiration and sleep: a diurnal polygraphic study. AB - Thirty-four adult patients with Cheyne-Stokes respiration provided 47 routine EEG records and 24 polygraphic afternoon records. These records were analysed and compared with those of 18 Pickwickian patients previously studied. The main points of difference between these two groups of patients were: the Cheyne-Stokes patients were older and their respiratory periodicity (RP) was not strictly sleep linked; it could be observed in wakefulness as well as sleep (in that case opening and closing the eyes often did not interrupt the ongoing RP); it tended to disappear in REMS. The main points of resemblance were the frequent appearance of Cheyne-Stokes RP at sleep onset and the presence of occasional ineffective respiratory movements during the crescendo phase of RP in sleep. PMID- 54249 TI - Chlorinated hydrocarbons and the environment. PMID- 54250 TI - Iron-sulphur clusters in natural and synthetic systems. PMID- 54251 TI - Chemical communication between living organisms. PMID- 54252 TI - Interactions within biological membranes. PMID- 54253 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of biochemical materials. PMID- 54254 TI - Estrogenic inhibition of the hepatic synthesis of alpha2u globulin in the rat. AB - The hepatic synthesis of the androgen-dependent urinary protein in the rat, called alpha2u globulin, is strongly inhibited by estrogens. In mature male rats, treatment with estradiol-17beta (0.5 mug/g body weight) completely inhibits alpha2u synthesis within 6-7 days. Following withdrawal of estrogen treatment alpha 2u synthesis is not reinitiated for approximately 20 days. Parabiotic joining of estrogen-suppressed male rats with their normal littermates within this lag period fails to change the preparabiotic pattern of alpha2u synthesis in the respective partners. Besides estradiol-17beta, other estrane derivatives such as estrone, estriol and estradiol-17alpha were also found to inhibit the synthesis of alpha2u globulin. All of the above estrane derivatives which inhibit alpha2u synthesis are also found to inhibit the uptake of 5alpha dihydrotestosterone by the hepatic cytosol androgen binding protein of the mature male rat. Unlike cycloheximide, a known translational inhibitor, estradiol-17beta does not inhibit alpha 2u synthesis in the perfused rat liver. PMID- 54255 TI - Identification of C-cells in normal and goitrous rat thyroid tissues using antiserum to rat thyrocalcitonin and the immunoperoxidase bridge technique. AB - Application of the immunoperoxidase bridge technique to the light microscopic localization of C-cells in rat thyroid tissue is described. Guinea pig antisera to rat thyrocalcitonin (TCT) were produced by the injection of highly purified rat TCT (100-300 MRC U/mg) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. A 1:1000 dilution of the antiserum used in this study gave a strong positive reaction with rat C-cells, and 1 ml of undiluted antiserum provided sufficient material for staining approximately 5000 slides. The substitution of nonimmune guinea pig serum for the anti-rat TCT serum or the prior absorption of anti-rat TCT serum with increasing amounts of highly purified rat TCT both eliminated the staining of thyroid C-cells. Likewise, no staining was observed in tissue sections from rat parathyroid, ovary, pituitary gland, and skeletal muscle. Antiserum to synthetic human TCT also could be used to identify rat thyroid C-cells. The method revealed abundant C-cells in goiters from rats fed a low-iodine diet for more than 1 year. This finding was supported by electron microscopic evaluation of goitrous tissue and by the detection, by radioimmunoassay, of TCT in thyroid tissue and in peripheral blood from goitrous rats. PMID- 54256 TI - Purification of form AI and AII DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from rat-liver nucleoli using low-ionic-strength extraction conditions. AB - Recent findings have confirmed the role of form A DNA-dependent polymerase activity as that which is responsible for the transcription of the ribosomal RNA coding genes. Unfortunately, the form A enzymes have proved to be very labile and difficult to work with, especially under high ionic strength conditions. We have, therefore, investigated a method for the purification of the form AI and AII enzymes from rat liver using mild low-ionic-strength conditions. Since preparations from whole nuclei were found to be grossly contaminated with protein having similar properties, the enzymes are extracted from nucleoli. Forms AI and AII are separated on a phosphocellulose column, purified by further ion-exchange chromatography, and by sedimentation through a glycerol gradient. The purified enzymes each migrate as a single band on native polyacrylamide gels and have the expected characteristics of form A RNA polymerase. Sedimentation rates through glycerol gradients indicate that they both have a similar size to that of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (Mr about 500,000). The purified enzymes are free of DNase and RNase. A method is also described for the purification of form B from the nucleoplasm remaining after isolation of nucleoli. The presence of form C activity was not detected. PMID- 54257 TI - RNA-dependent DNA polymerase from a cell line derived from the bone marrow of a patient with polycythemia vera. AB - A RNA-dependent DNA polymerase was isolated from a human cell line derived from the bone marrow of a patient with polycythemia vera. The purification procedure included chromatography on phosphocellulose and oligo(dT)-cellulose, and glycerol gradient centrifugation. The enzyme could be distinguished from polymerase A by salt elution from phosphocellulose, utilization of poly(rC) - oligo(dG) and its molecular size of about 70000, as determined by centrifugation. Throughout the purification procedure ribonuclease H activity was co-purified. Upon dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis on microgradient gels two main bands with molecular weights of 68000 and 66000 and three minor bands were detected. The enzyme preferentially used poly(rA) - oligo(dT) as template-primer compared with poly(dA) - oligo(dT). It incorporated dGMP into polymer on poly(rC) - oligo(dG). PMID- 54258 TI - Antigenic structure of the cyanogen bromide peptide F-CB3 from fibrinogen alpha chain. AB - The antigenic properties of the cyanogen bromide peptide F-CB3 from bovine fibrinogen alpha-chain were studied in radioimmune assays with rabbit antibodies to fibrinogen or to peptide F-CB3. Both fibrinogen and peptide F-CB3 were indistinguishable in inhibition and dissociation tests. Modification of the single disulfide bridge in peptide F-CB3 either by reduction or by cleavage with cyanide was not accompanied by loss of serologic activity. Inhibition studies with three individual fragments obtained after cyanide cleavage (molecular weight range 7000 to 23000) indicated the presence of at least three distinct antigenic determinants in peptide F-CB3. After trypsin digestion of peptide F-CB3 still 75% of its maximal inhibiting capacity was retained. Lack of change in antigenic activity of peptide F-CB3 after release from the fibrinogen molecule by cyanogen bromide and upon further fragmentation is presumably due to the presence of several sequential antigenic determinants but the presence of conformational determinants could not be entirely excluded. Since no cross-reaction was observed between bovine and human peptides F-B3 one may expect considerable variation in their amino acid sequence. PMID- 54259 TI - Effects of mixtures and complexes of chlorambucil and antibody on a human melanoma cell line. PMID- 54260 TI - Multinucleate plant cells. I. Aneuploidy in a proliferating population. PMID- 54261 TI - Reassessment of histochemistry of retinal glycogen. PMID- 54262 TI - Role of axonal transport in maintaining central synaptic connections. AB - Synaptic boutons on the somata of rat hypoglossal neurones have been stained with Zinc Iodide-Osmium, and counted using light microscopy. Two weeks after Silastic cuffs containing colchicine or vinblastine were applied to the hypoglossal nerve, the number of boutons on parent nerve cell bodies was significantly lower than controls. These drugs inhibited retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase, but did not affect neuromuscular conduction or the number of axons in the nerve trunk. Cuffs containing lignocaine did not affect boutons or axonal transport significantly. PMID- 54263 TI - Neurotrophic regulation of acetylcholinesterase in regenerating skeletal muscle. PMID- 54264 TI - Ablastin in Trypanosoma lewisi and related phenomena in other species of trypanosomes. PMID- 54265 TI - The ablastin phenomenon: inhibition of membrane function. PMID- 54266 TI - The effect of pesticides on hydroxylation of testosterone in hepatic microsomes of rabbits. PMID- 54267 TI - Evidence for animal origin of cells and rescued tumour virus from a putative human osteosarcoma cell line. AB - Human osteosarcoma cell lines T 1 and ZT 1 were analyzed for host origin. The results indicated that these lines must have been contaminated with rat x mouse hybrid cells. The isolated virus was identified as an avian sarcoma virus belonging to the C subgroup. PMID- 54268 TI - Allograft tolerance as in immunologically active process: analysis in a restricted H-2 incompatibility due to mutation (M504) in mouse strain B10.D2. AB - Cell-free spleen and liver extracts were used for attempted induction of allograft tolerance across a restricted H-2 barrier due to a chemically induced mutation in the B10.D2 mouse strain. When using mice of the latter strain as donors and the new congenic strain carrying the mutant H-2 hyaplotype as recipients, and with long-term administration of the cell-free antigens in adult life up to 100% yields (according to the dose of antigen) of permanently tolerant animals (particularly males) was obtained with spleen extract, but not with liver extract. This contrasts with a higher tolerance-inducing efficiency of liver extracts in various non-H-2 incompatibilities. In the reversed donor-recipient combination, neither spleen nor liver extracts gave positive results. The immune status of the permanently tolerant animals was analyzed and it was shown that with their bone marrow normal responsiveness can be conferred upon lethally irradiated syngeneic hosts whereas the specific allograft tolerance can be adoptively transferred to sublethally irradiated recipients by means of spleen or lymph node cells. It is concluded that in the present system the state of allograft tolerance is maintained by an immunologically active process of peripheral lymphocytes. PMID- 54269 TI - Induction of cytotoxic responses to H-2 determinants: hypotheses concerning the need for two signals. PMID- 54270 TI - Expression of private and public specifications of the D region of the H-2 gene complex. PMID- 54271 TI - A radioassay for the study of cell surface determinants on activated lymphocytes. PMID- 54272 TI - The effects of anti-embryo sera and their localization on the cell surface during mouse preimplantation development. PMID- 54274 TI - The use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin in the Netherlands. AB - Hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIg) was administered to 241 patients contaminated with HBAg positive material; 116 persons were followed up for 7 months after the HBIg injection. Only 4 (3.4%) cases of hepatitis B with jaundice and demonstrable HBAg occurred and 15 (12.9%) cases of subclinical hepatitis B were observed. HBIg is well tolerated. Passively transferred HBAb were demonstrable for 2-3 months and no chronic carriers of HBAg were seen after administration of HBIg. PMID- 54275 TI - Specific lymphocyte sensitization in chronic pancreatitis. AB - Specific lymphocyte sensitization was found in vitro using a lymphocyte transformation test with human pancreatic antigens. It should be possible to develop an immunological diagnostic test for chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 54273 TI - Hepatitis B immune serum globulin in prevention of hepatitis B among hospital personnel. Preliminary report from a controlled trial. AB - At Sahlgren Hospital, Goteborg, hepatitis B has been a serious problem for several years among the personnel in the hemodialysis and renal transplantation wards as well as in the chemical laboratories. For this reason a randomized controlled clinical study with conventional gammaglobulin and hepatitis B immune globulin was started in May 1973. The titer of anitbodies against HBsAg by passive hemagglutination was 1:100 and approximately 1:350,000, respectively. Newly employed staff without a history of jaundice and without demonstratable HBsAg (RIA) or HBsAb (RIP) in serum were enrolled in the trial. Assignment of the two preparations was performed by random numbers and the ampoules were labelled only with the serial number of the participant. Three cc of either preparation was administered i.m. within seven days after admission and was repeated three months later. After that no further injections were given. Each participating employee was followed up with liver function tests, IEOP, RIA and RIP tests for at least six months after the last injection. Preliminary results from this double-blind study, which is still going on, are presented. PMID- 54276 TI - Serum proteins in the rat after extensive proximal or distal small bowel resection. AB - Rats underwent surgical removal of either the proximal or distal half of the small bowel. 5-6 weeks later, total protein concentrations and electrophoretic patterns were determined in sera from the two groups of resected animals. The data compared to similar measurements from sham-operated and unoperated control groups, showed no differences between resected or control animals. This indicates re-establishment of overall nutritional adequacy by this time interval after substantial loss of either proximal or distal small intestine. PMID- 54277 TI - [The beta2-microglobulin]. PMID- 54278 TI - [Staining of blood smears with rivanol in patients suffering from bronchogenic neoplasms]. AB - Blood smears of patients suffering from bronchiogenic lung cancer were stained with Rivanol and observed by means of the fluorescence microscope. The results were compared with those obtained by FEULGEN's method. It was found that a single intravenous infusion of cyclophosphamide 30 mg/kg did not change the picture of Rivanol-coloured nuclei which is not always true of the results obtained by FEULGEN's method. PMID- 54279 TI - [Effect of prolactin on mucous epidermal cells in the intact and hypophysectomized axolotl]. PMID- 54280 TI - Histochemical observations on the corpus luteum of the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) ovary. PMID- 54282 TI - [School health abroad]. PMID- 54281 TI - Sister chromatid exchange in xeroderma pigmentosum cells that are defective in DNA excision repair or post-replication repair. AB - The formation of sister chromatid exchanges has been postulated to depend upon the action of DNA repair enzymes. Our experiments with various human cell lines show that the yield of sister chromatid exchanges is within normal limits in both excision-repair-defective and post-replication-repair-defective cells from the autosomal recessive disease, xeroderma pigmentosum. These results indicate that hypotheses invoking known DNA repair processes to acconnt for the recombination of sister chromatids are inadequate and that the exact enzymatic processes are as yet unknown. PMID- 54283 TI - Proceedings: Serum alphafetoprotein levels in liver disease: relation to hepatocellular regeneration and development of hepatoma. PMID- 54284 TI - Proceedings: Gram stain on the bile aspirated at operation: a rational approach to antibiotic therapy in biliary disease. PMID- 54285 TI - Evidence for viruses in human neoplasias. PMID- 54286 TI - Psychological aspects of hand unjuries. PMID- 54287 TI - [Cytochemistry of leukocytes in children. IV. The use of cytochemical tests in the differentiation and prognostic evaluation of acute leukemias]. AB - From 63 children with acute leukaemia the bone-marrow smears were cytochemically examined before the beginning of therapy. The activity of peroxydase was examined according to Sato and Sekya, that of acid phosphatase according to Loffler and Berghoff, that of alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase according to Gomori; the evidence of glycogen was examined by means of the PAS-diastase response according to McManus. Among the 63 cases of leukaemia we found 6 cases of paramyeloblastic leukaemia, 2 cases of parapromyelocytic leukaemia, and 3 cases of myelomonocytic leukaemia. 52 cases of leukaemia could not be further differentiated in morphological respect. They represented an immature paraleukoblastic leukaemia. A division according to leading cytochemical criteria was made for them. The therapeutic possibility of influencing the various groups was checked by means of prolonged observations. Children affected with paraleukoblastic leukaemia of the phosphatase type had a significantly low rate of remission similar to the myeloid leukaemia. Paraleukoblastic leukaemia of the PAS type, esterase type and the undifferentiated type revealed no essential differences. The rate of remission, however, was highest in leukaemia of the PAS type amounting to 100%. In one part of patients the prolonged cytochemical observations in 8 children with recidives showed that the cytochemical type under chemotherapy was changed. PMID- 54288 TI - Some immunological aspects of the long-term remission in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. AB - Nineteen children aged from 3 to 16 years with first long-term hematologic remission were studied. Cell-mediated immunity was assayed by the reaction to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT) and lysozyme activity. Humoral immunity was determined by immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) levels in serum. The DNCB-reaction was positive in 50% of children treated from 12 to 36 months. Percentage and absolute counts of NBT-positive granulocytes and lysozyme/granulocyte ratio systematically increased with time of therapy. In all studied children IgG was normal, IgA and IgM were depressed to 40% and 76% of normal value (with the exception of 2 children after cessation of therapy, in which IgA was normal). It seemed that continuous control of the immunologic status during long-term cytostatic therapy is essential in clinical practice. PMID- 54289 TI - A note on the demonstration of nuclear acidic HCl insoluble proteins in peripheral blood smears. AB - The present study deals with the conditions necessary for the specific demonstration of nuclear acidic HCl insoluble proteins is smeared peripheral leucocytes by means of a simple cytochemical procedures. These proteins can be very easily selectively demonstrated by staining with Azure C or Toluidine blue above pH 6, after the fixation of smears with methanol, extraction of histones, nucleic acids (with HCl, TCA) and treatment with formaldehyde. The double fixation with methanol and formaldehyde facilitated specific extraction of nuclear acidic HCl insoluble proteins of smeared leucocytes with pepsin. The nuclear acidic HCl insoluble proteins are present in leucocytes in interchromatin areas and their isoelectric point determined by cytochemical procedure is pH 6. PMID- 54290 TI - [The estrogen dependence of the pregnancy associated alpha glycoprotein "SP3" and its occurrence in sera of patients with various malignant and benign diseases]. AB - The pregnancy associated alpha-2-glycoprotein "SP3" is a macroprotein; the serum concentration of which is markedly enhanced by the increase of endogenous and exogenous estrogen. As regards the bronchial and uterine cancer the frequent presence of enhanced SP3 serum concentrations in tumour patients can be explained by an enhanced production of endogenous estrogen. This enhanced production has been described in literature. SP3 does not occur in healthy men and women without application of estrogen. In 26% of the cases it can be proved in cases of benign disease and in 52% in malignant cases having received no therapy of estrogen. PMID- 54291 TI - [The india ink phagocytosis by monocytes and granulocytes during acute and chronic consumption coagulopathy]. AB - During generalized intravascular coagulation (GIC) the polimerisation products of fibrinogen are phagocytized by the reticulo-endothelial system of the liver and spleen. Thus an inhibition of the clearance of RES could be detected in a progressed stage of the shock and GIC; this can also be represented by a decrease of India ink storage. In the present work the authors investigate the behavior of monocytes and granulocytes in the peripheral blood in GIC. Approximately 80% of cells will usually phagocytize and concentrate India ink granules, if heparinized blood mixed with India ink is incubated for two hours at 37 degrees C. A decrease of the India ink phagocytosis was detected in 6 patients and in 10 dogs during the shock. This observation corresponds to the behavior of hepatolienal RES during this condition. PMID- 54292 TI - Measurement of blood volume in the Indian mud eel Amphipnous cuchia (Ham.) (amphipnoidae; pisces). AB - The blood volume of 10 male and 8 female Amphipnous cuchia (Ham.) were measured through dilution technique method using Evans blue and sodium citrate as anticoagulant. This method was established against heparin. The mean total blood volume and the blood volume per 100 g of body weight for all the weight groups in male were 9.73 +/- 2.45 and 3.10 +/- 0.66, and in female were 10.34 +/- 2.78 and 3.13 +/- 0.66 respectively. The total blood volume of male and female fishes increase as an exponential function of its total body weight. PMID- 54293 TI - Haemoglobin levels according to age, haematocrit, transferrin and serum iron level in medical students of comparable socio-economic status. AB - 1. The haemoglobin, haematocrit, transferrin and serum iron of a group of 418 healthy medical students, aging from 18 till 25 years, were determined. The mean Hb for the male students was 9.4 +/- 0.63 mmol/l, for the female students 8.7 +/- 0.56 mmol/l. 2. The correlations between Hb, Ht, SeFe and transferrin have been investigated. A positive correlation exists between Hb and SeFe and Ht and SeFe. PMID- 54294 TI - [Effect of ampholines on blood coagulation: 1. Activation of factor VIII (antihemophilic globulin A)]. AB - Polyaminopolycarboxyl acids (Ampholine, LKB producers Sweden) caused the antihaemophilic globulin (factor VIII) to be activated. This increase of activity revealed a linear dependence on Ampholine concentrations. Only those Ampholine molecules of alkaline pH areas positively charged under test conditions turned out to be efficient. The positive charge, therefore, seems to be significant for an activation. The coagulation activities were measured by determining the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and the factor VIII in an one-phase test. PMID- 54295 TI - [Potency determination of horse anti-human-lymphocyte serum (ALS) by means of the lymphocyte resistance test, a modification of Schroder's leukocyte resistance test]. AB - The leukocyte resistance test of Schroder was used for the purpose of modifying the in vitro determination of cytotoxic potency of ALS during the course of immunization. In contrast to the original method, where the test was carried out with whole blood, the incubation was made with pure lymphocyte cell suspensions. The results obtained show that the extensive procedure of examination enables the cytotoxic effectiveness of antilymphocytic antibodies to be evaluated. PMID- 54296 TI - [The question of thrombocyte substitution as a prophylactic measure in splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)]. AB - The problem of intraoperative thrombocyte transfusion in splenectomy of patients with ITP is discussed. The indication for splenectomy cannot be equalized with that for intra-operative platelet substitution. Thrombocyte kinetic examinations with a concurrent determination of the thrombocyte turnover enable those patients to be recognized by their bleeding tendency who are particularly endangered by operations. The intraoperative platelet substitution should be limited to those patients with ITP whose turnover is markedly lowered as a manifestation of reduced thrombocytopoiesis. In these cases it is advisable to shift splenectomy to a later date. PMID- 54297 TI - [The use of anti-AHP as a test reagent on blood group documentation cards]. AB - In principle it is possible to use anti-AHP upon bedside test cards for the purpose of blood group documentation. In accordance with the individual quality of the anti-AHP substance an optimal concentration has to be determined and retained. With regard to the rapidity of responses and their strength the anti AHP involves advantages towards the human anti-A test serum. However, the reliability of reading the results will be slightly limited by the appearance of very fine pseudoagglutinates towards O and B blood corpuscles. PMID- 54298 TI - [Cytological and biochemical studies in a case of "di Guglielmo's syndrome"]. AB - Cytochemical, biochemical and disc-elektrophoretical studies are done on a patient with Di Guglielmo-syndrom. Cytochemical tests showed the wellknown results as: activity of acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthylacetatesterase at their typical sites, deposition of PAS- and Turnbull-positive material. Biochemical findings are done on LDH, cholinesterase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, G-6-PDH and pyruvatkinase. Abnormal high level of fetal hemoglobin was found only once during the whole observation. There was also an alteration in the isoenzym pattern of the acid phosphatase. The de- or increase at the biochemical examinations, the fact of fetal hemoglobin and the variation at the isoenzymes may be due to the changing in distribution of erythropoetic and granulopoetic cells. PMID- 54299 TI - [Cytochemical studies in megakaryocytes in hematologic diseases]. AB - Bone marrow smears of 48 patients consisting of 12 normal cases, 36 patients with different haematological diseases-among them 9 cases of idiopathic thrombopenia, 4 cases of polycythaemia, and 9 cases of Hodgkin's disease - were examined cytochemically. Acid phosphatase, unspecific esterases, naphthol-AS-D chloroacetate esterase, peroxydase, and leucin-aminopeptidase were represented; in addition the PAS reaction, fastgreen staining at pH 1.1, methyl-green pyronin staining and the lipid representation with Sudan black B were carried out. Besides those responses known from literature the different behaviour of acid megacaryocyte phosphatase in different haematological diseases must be particularly emphasized from all reactions. PMID- 54300 TI - [Problems of cytochemistry of leukocytes]. AB - In investigating the atypical granula in myeloic cells cytochemically the positivity of DMAB reaction identifies the specific eosinophilic nature of these granula. The slightly modified methods of representing histones allow those histones which are rich of lysine and arginine to be differentiated. With their help those differences can be grasped which exist between the condensed chromatin of lymphocytes and the mature neutrophils caused by the presence of histones being rich of lysine and arginine. New possibilities of examining the proteins in leukocytes in a cytochemical way as well as in blood- and bone-marrow cells are provided by colouring with palatine fast black, the use of which also points to certain differences in the chromatin of lymphocytes and neutrophils. PMID- 54301 TI - [Cytochemical data in chronic monocytic leukemia]. AB - 4 cases of chronic monocytic leukemia were observed during several years. In 2 patients there was a final appearance of blastic crisis. During the course of the disease the activity of the naphthylacetate-esterase in the monocytes increased, but the PAS-reaction was lowered. By the help of two cases for comparison - one patient suffering from a chronic myeloid leukemia and intermediate monocytic phase, the other one from a panmyelopathia and monocytic reaction - the morphological resemblance of these phenomena is demonstrated, which cytochemically cannot be separated. PMID- 54302 TI - [Cytochemical studies on blood and bone marrow leukocytes in various age groups]. AB - The present paper refers to statistically ensured normal values of cytochemical findings in leukocytes of the peripheral blood, of the leukocytes concentrate and the bone-marrow which were obtained in determining the activity of peroxydase, alkaline and acid phosphatase as well as the content of polysaccharides and lipids in 814 healthy persons of various age and sex. The data were calculated according to the formulae of Astaldi and Verga [2]. PMID- 54303 TI - [Cytochemical tests on sediment cells of malignant and benign exudates]. AB - In exsudate cells separated from serous body cavities of 29 tumour patients and 30 patients with inflammatory and congestive effusion in cardiac failure or liver cirrhosis respectively the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase were determined. In addition to sudanophilia the cell content of glycogen and that of ribonucleinic acid were evaluated. By means of cytochemical findings it could be found that an increase of unspecific esterase, acid phosphatase and ribonucleic acid in atypical cells points to a malignous ethiology of the exudate. PMID- 54304 TI - [Ultracytochemical studies on leukemic cells]. AB - The present survey of ultracytochemical investigations in the cells of the Graffi and Rauscher leukaemic systems is intended to throw a light on the place of replication and on the incorporation of cell specific material into the virus. The successful evidence of incorporating certain enzymes associated to the membrane into the virus envelope could have a significance in so far as this process can be used to explain the appearance of cytotropism in certain kinds of virus to a target cell. PMID- 54305 TI - [Studies on the lipid composition in serum and lymphocytes in chronic leukemia]. AB - In 33 patients with chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) the lipids were examined quantitatively and qualitatively in the serum and in the lymphocytes. Besides the 5 main categories of lipids, lysolecithin, sphingomyelin, lecithin and cephalin as well as cholesterol ester subfractions were determined according to their degree of saturation of their fatty acids. Patients suffering from CLL were found to have a moderately raise of serum triglycerides and an increase of cholesterol esters with simple unsaturated fatty acids. Simultaneously the fraction of ester with poly-unsaturated fatty acids is lowered. Leukaemic lymphocytes reveal in general a lowered total lipid content. It mainly consists of phosphatides and free cholesterol. Moreover, the leukaemic lymphocytes contrary to normal ones reveal a lowered content of cholesterol esters, diglycerides and triglycerides. PMID- 54306 TI - [Cyclophosphamide in the treatment of immune hemocytopenias]. AB - Personal experiences with the immunosuppressive therapy of immunohaemocytopenia by cyclophosphamide are represented. A significant therapeutic success in autoimmunohaemolytic anaemia could be registered in 22 patients treated from one to seven years. From a number of 11 patients 9 were in complete remission. In idiopathic thrombocytopenia, however, only 7 patients from a number of 10 were in a clinical remission, the number of thrombocytes remained unchanged. The control of the complement content and the component C'3 can be used well as an indicator for immunological defense when the activity of the process and the success of the therapy are to be evaluated. PMID- 54307 TI - Respiratory function in iron deficiency anaemia before and after treatment. AB - The present studies concern the basic ventilatory indices, the arterial blood gases, the indices of the acid-base balance and the indices of the alveolar capillary diffusion (DLCO, SS, Dm, theta Vc) in anemia before and after treatment. Substantial changes are recorded after treatment mainly in DLCO, SS and theta Vc. These changes are predominantly due to changes in the concentration of Hb. An evaluation of both methods for the standardization of DLCO at 14,6 g Hb/100 ml blood is also presented. PMID- 54308 TI - The influence of magnesium ions on pyruvate kinase-deficient red blood cells. AB - The effect of intravenous and oral administration of magnesium containing drug (Magnesium Diasporal, Protina, Munchen) on the erythrocyte pyruvate kinase (PK) activity in two cases of congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia associated with PK deficiency has been examined. Intravenous injection of the drug has been followed by transient increase in magnesium content. Positive correlation between erythrocyte magnesium ions concentration and PK activity has been found. The authors propose a hypothesis that the observed correlation may be due to the erythrocyte accumulation of some PK activators or to the elimination of some PK inhibitors. The authors did not, however, succeed to maintain the high erythrocyte magnesium concentration inducing the increase in PK activity during the longer period of time. PMID- 54309 TI - Species specificity of thromboplastin. A phylogenetic study. AB - Having studied the influence of thromboplastin preparations derived from cold and warm-blooded species on the plasma of 12 vertebrates (carp, frog, turtle, hen, rabbit, rat, mouse, guinea-pig, ground squirrel, dog, sheep and man) we have established that among the species far from each other phylogenetically, the phenomenon of species specificity could be demonstrated in general. It was found that the extrinsic coagulation system measured by Quick times can well be activated in every examined species. Simultaneously, in plasmas of turtle and hen the intrinsic clotting system proved to be deficient. PMID- 54310 TI - The preparation of the factors IX, II, and X concentrate by means of DEAE cellulos and its therapeutic effectiveness. AB - Starting from a plasma used for producing cryoprecipitate a concentrate was gained by means of adsorption on DEAE cellulose, the factor IX activity of which was six to thirteen times higher than that of the original plasma. Even the factors X and II are enriched to the same extent approximately. In patients with haemophilia B the concentrate proved to be very efficient and compatible during surgical operations. PMID- 54311 TI - [Experiences with polychemotherapy of acute leukemias in adults with special reference to the COAP combination]. AB - The authors give a report on their experiences with polychemotherapy in 77 acute leukaemias in adults. On this occasion the COAP combination was identified to be well effective and to be an enrichment of therapy because of its low side effects. PMID- 54312 TI - [Problems in maintenance therapy in acute myeloid leukemias in adults]. AB - Problems of maintaining therapy for acute myelocytic leukemias in adults are discussed. The analysis of the maintaining therapy in 22 patients affected with an acute myelocytic leukemia and living for more than 6 months revealed that the interval therapy with a high dosage of cytostatic combinations in the sense of the COAP scheme is preferable compared with the daily administration of 6 mercaptopurin, in addition methotrexate twice a week. Reasons for this are discussed. PMID- 54313 TI - Semiquantitative cytochemical determination of acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase, and beta-glucosaminidase activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Activity of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-glucosaminidase in peripheral blood lymphocytes was determined cytochemically in 20 normal subjects, 10 male and 10 female, by the use of BARKA and ANDERSON's (1962), HAYASHI et al. (1964) and HAYASHI's (1965) methods, respectively. Results obtained were semiquantitatively according to subdivision of lymphocytes into enzyme-negative and enzyme-positive cells. Enzyme-positive lymphocytes were divided into cells with granular, mixed granular and diffuse enzymatic reaction type. In the first two types of cytochemical reaction a number of enzyme-positive lysosomal granules were counted and expressed in terms of both absolute count and percentage of circulating lymphocytes. Enzyme-positive lymphocytes represented 80.3%, 40.5% and 41.5% of the total lymphocyte count in regard to the presence of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-glucosaminidase, respectively. PMID- 54314 TI - ["Hairy cell" leukemia]. AB - By means of individual observations the clinical, cytological and cytochemical marks of the so-called "hairy cell"leukemia are described. Peculiarities in the course of the disease and in prognosis justify this rare variant to be separated from reticular systems diseases. A diagnosis can also be made on the basis of cytomorphological characteristics. PMID- 54315 TI - [Results of splenectomy in patients with hypoplastic and aplastic anemia]. AB - The results of spleen exstirpation in 129 patients with hypoplastic and aplastic anaemia are presented. For this purpose the role of splenectomy in connection with blood formation is dealt with on the basis of analysing morphological blood findings. The impact of the duration of the disease, of sex, age, and the dosage of corticosteroids on the postoperative development of the disease is demonstrated. The following observations of the patients which were made within 3 to 14 years after the operation revealed that 63 patients from 129 survived, namely 21 patients up to 5 years, 26 patients up to 10 years, 16 patients up to 14 years. 66 patients died, the highest lethality being observed during the first year after the operation (47 patients). PMID- 54316 TI - [Experiences with artificial immunization for the production of anti-HL-A sera]. AB - In 17 cases positive cytotoxic anti-HL-A antibodies were gained from 26 immunizated pairs. On the whole this corresponds to the data to be found in literature [10, 17]. The antibodies against the antigens of the I. locus will appear more rapidly, younger persons will form antibodies more easily. The difference in one single antigen results in favourable findings when the pairs are composed; in spite of that, however, cross-reacting antibodies may frequently be obtained, particularly when boostered to produce sera with a high titre. No side effects were detected in the immunizated group; yet there is a certain reason to suppose that the production of anti-HL-A sera by artificial immunization cannot be compared with the usual production of AB0 sera. The immunopathological significance of the HL-A-system is still elucidated insufficiently; by no means it is confined to histocompatibility. Only those institutes should be concerned with artificial immunization which are able to perform the necessary immunological controls exactly in each case. PMID- 54317 TI - [The effect of heating and drugs on HL-A antigens and their reactions with cytotoxins]. AB - In some instances the heating of lymphocytes for 2 to 3 minutes at 56 degrees C enhances HL-A antigens or makes it possible to detect these antigens by a twostage microlymphocytotoxic test on preheated lymphocytes only. Similar phenomenons are observed in some tannin (1: 40 000) or 0.1% phenol-treated lymphocytes and after the addition of these solutions during the first stage of the lymphocytotoxic test. Prolonged heating at 56 degrees C leads to nonspecific polyreactivity of lymphocytes, giving false results with all sera. For similar reasons also higher concentrations of tannin and phenol solutions were found dissatisfactory for the pretreatment of lymphocytes. The pretreatment of lymphocytes with 36-0.5% formaline induces full inhibition of specific cytotoxic reactivity of HL-A antigens and their absorption ability with regards to respective HL-A sera. The addition of formaline at 0.06-0.3% concentration during the first and second stages of the test and at the end of the second stage (or simultaneously with eosine) gives also negative results of the cytotoxic test owing to the inhibitory effect of formaline on rabbit complement and HL-A antigens. PMID- 54318 TI - Separation of human antihemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII) from fibrinogen by means of defibrase. AB - Various attempts have been made in the past to remove fibrinogen from plasma fractions rich in factor VIII. Present studies indicated the Defibrase, a preparation of a thrombin-like enzyme from the venom of Bothrops atrox, might be successfully employed for this purpose. Addition of Defibrase to plasma or low purity factor VIII concentrates allows for the complete removal of fibrinogen without any apparent reduction in the activity. It was also shown that treatment with Defibrase neither decreases the stability of factor VIII nor apparently affects its antigens properties. PMID- 54319 TI - Bovine fibrinogen-induced 14C-serotonin and other compounds release from human blood platelets. AB - Bovine fibrinogen can aggregate human blood platelets by a direct mechanism (first wave) and also indirectly by releasing endogenous ADP (second wave). A primarily non-altered surface structure of the thrombocytes is important for the induction of the first wave. Under certain conditions a second aggregation wave, concomitant with the release and the availability reaction is elicited. Besides the cell's contact, the presence of ADP and calcium ions are necessary for the induction of the release reaction in human platelet rich plasma. The changes induced by bovine fibrinogen thus follows the same pattern as the irreversible phase of aggregation, linked to release as induced by ADP. PMID- 54320 TI - [Hemolytic transfusion accident due to the blood group antibody anti-Jka]. AB - A haemolytic transfusion incident caused by anti-Jka is reported about. In a 56 year old patient suffering from chronic iron deficiency anaemia an immunization in the Kidd system has taken place within 9 days. In the course of this immunization the fourth incompatible blood transfusion caused a severe transfusion incident. The necessity of serological compatibility testing by the indirect antiglobulin or enzyme test and the significance of making a strict indication for blood transfusions are referred to. PMID- 54321 TI - [The effect of stabilizer composition on thrombocytes and thrombocyte function in stored whole blood. I. The thrombocyte count, thrombocyte aggregation and retraction during storage]. AB - The behaviour of thrombocyte number and thrombocyte function aggregation and retraction in ACD, AcD-A and AcD-AG stabilized blood was examined in 18 apparently healthy test persons for a period of 9 days. On the one hand the addition of adenin or guanosin respectively increased the thrombocyte aggregation, on the other hand, however, a decrease of free, haemostatically efficient thrombocytes could be observed. Under the test conditions chosen retraction does not allow any statement to be made on the degree of the storage damage. PMID- 54322 TI - [The effect of stabilizer composition on the thrombocytes and thrombocyte function in stored whole blood. II. Results of the thrombocyte spreading test]. AB - The behaviour of thrombocyte spreading in ACD, AcD-A and AcD-AG stabilized blood was examined in 18 apparently healthy test persons for a storage period of 9 days. Due to an improved energy metabolism of thrombocytes the addition of adenin or guanosin respectively in ACD stabilized blood will cause the thrombocyte spreading to be widely preserved during storage. PMID- 54323 TI - In vitro survival and amethopterin effects on the structure of ovarian tissues of the sawfly, Acantholyda nemoralis Thoms. AB - Whole ovaries of the sawfly, Acantholyda nemoralis Thoms., Tenthredinidae, Hymenoptera, were cultivated by the organ culture technique of Fell in the medium of Jones and Cunningham modified by doubling the contents of salts, sugars and lactalbumin hydrolysate and supplemented with an addition of folate. In the experimental conditions the sawfly ovary survived for several days showing mitoses in the follicular epithelium. In some of the nurse cell nuclei of the cultured ovaries nucleolus-like structures developed which showed a positive reaction to the Hamm test for viral polyhedra. Formation of these structures was stimulated by amethopterin. Electron microscopical examination revealed that these structures were not viral polyhedra but enlarged nucleoli whose modified ultrastructure differed considerably from that of the nucleoli of cells of trophic ovaries in normally developing insects. Amethopterin appears to induce enlargement of the granules of the granular component of nucleolonema, probably due to disturbance in RNA biosynthesis. The positive Hamm test obtained in the nucleoli shows that this test cannot be regarded as specific for nuclear polyhedra. PMID- 54324 TI - Increase in Feulgen staining intensity by pre-treatment with different reagents. AB - In the experiments sections of rat tissues fixed in 10 per cent buffered neutral formalin for 3 hour and treated for 15 minutes with different chemical reagents such as pyridine, tributylamine, urea, tris sodium nitrite and sodium hydroxide were subjected to hydrolysis in 6 N HCl at 25 degrees C for 20 minutes and stained by the UV Feulgen technique. The results reveal a far more intense staining of the nuclei in tissues treated with any of the chemicals mentioned than in untreated controls. The possible role of these chemicals in enhancing the staining intensity is discussed. PMID- 54325 TI - Hot hydrochloric acid hydrolysis and UV Feulgen staining of rat liver sections fixed in CRAF and CRAF-like fixative. AB - Sections of rat liver fixed in CRAF III and Nawaschin's fixative in Dutt's modification were subjected to hydrolysis in 1N HCl at 60 degrees C for different periods of time and to Schiff's staining according to the UV Feulgen technique. The study showed that Feulgen reaction intensity depends upon time of hydrolysis, optimum coloration being possible only after 10-15 min of hydrolysis. Prolongation of hydrolysis beyond this time produced decreased staining intensity which is retained for further 35 min of hydrolysis thus forming a plateau. Further prolongation of hydrolysis results in gradual deterioration of the staining intensity which culminates in utterly pale coloration of the nuclei after one hour's hydrolysis. A possible explanation for this phenomena is suggested. PMID- 54326 TI - Electronmicroscopic analysis of E-PTA stained synaptic contacts of human cerebral cortex. PMID- 54327 TI - Receptor-specific fractionation of immunocompetent cells and purification of antibodies on hydroxyalkyl methacrylate immunosorbents. PMID- 54328 TI - Immunological and chemical studies on sub-fractions of carcinoembryonic antigen. PMID- 54329 TI - Immunological studies on nucleic acids: an investigation of the antigenic determinants of denatured deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) reactive with rabbit anti DNA antisera by a radioimmunoassay technique. PMID- 54330 TI - Anti-maleyl antibody. PMID- 54331 TI - [Immunochemical characterization of a neuro-specific, non species specific antigen. Quantitative study and histological localization in the rat]. PMID- 54332 TI - Alteration of the HL-A antigenic site in situ. AB - The chemical nature of the HL-A antigenic sites on peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied by treatment of these cells with glycolytic enzymes and with sodium metaperiodate, and monitoring the residual antigen expression either by the lymphocyte cytotoxicity test or by quantitative microabsorption of monospecific anti-HL-A sera. Neither the gentle enzymatic nor the chemical treatment of lymphocytes altered expression of the HL-A antigens indicating that carbohydrates are not involved, in a major way, in the HL-A antigenic sites. PMID- 54333 TI - Isolation of a VHClambda fragment on tryptic digestion of human IgD myeloma proteins. AB - The tryptic digestion pattern of IgD myeloma proteins is reported. The Fab delta of fragment is shown to be very susceptible to further degradation to yield a novel fragment composed of VH and Clambda domains which are still bound through the interchain disulphide bridge. Reduction results in a change in M.W. from ca. 26,000 to 13,000. The loss of Fd delta of isotypic determinants may be of importance to studies in which membrane bound IgD is detected or measured after release from the cell surface by enzyme digestion. PMID- 54334 TI - Serological relationship of taxonomically closely related domestic ruminants: cattle, buffalo, sheep & goat. PMID- 54335 TI - Molecular construction of Clostridium botulinum type A toxins. AB - Two Clostridium botulinum type A toxic fractions, named large (L) and medium (M) toxins, were eluted from Sephadex G-200. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation resolved L toxin (2.5 X 10(8) to 3.0 X 10(8) mean lethal doses per mg of N) into two fractions, 19S and 16S. The same procedure performed at pH 8resolved it into three fractions; the heavier two were both nontoxic and hemagglutinin positive, and the lightest on (7S) was toxic. M toxin (12S) (4.5 X 10(8) to 5.0 X 10(8) mean lethal doses per mg of N) was homogeneous in electrophoresis and centrifugation at pH 6. The latter procedure performed at pH 8 dmonstrated that it dissociated into uniform 7S components. The nontoxic component of M toxin was free from hemagglutinin. M toxin alone was demonstrated in culture by sucrose density gradient centrifugation at pH 6. Dialysis of the culture supernatant resulted in partial formation of 16S toxin. Centrifugation of the crystalline toxin in 1 MNaCl demonstrated 16S toxin only. The toxic components of L, M, and crystalline toxins were antigenically identical. The nontoxic components of the crystalline and L toxins, consisting of two distinct antigens, were antigenically identical; that of M toxin was identical with one of these two antigens. PMID- 54336 TI - Vi antigen from Salmonella typhosa and immunity against typhoid fever. 11. Safety and antigenicity in humans. AB - Safety and antigenicity of a purified preparation of Salmonella typhosa Vi antigen was evaluated in human volunteers. Dosages of Vi antigen at 25, 50, and 100 mug were less toxic than U.S. standard typhoid vaccine (lot 6A) containing 5 X 10(8) bacteria per dosage. Vi antigen in comparison with the standard typhoid vaccine induced higher hemagglutinating antibody but lower bactericidal antibody responses. PMID- 54337 TI - Antitoxic immunity in experimental cholera: protection, and serum and local antibody responses in rabbits after enteral and parenteral immunization. AB - The protective effect of enternal and parenteral immunization with cholera toxin antigen against experimental cholera in rabbits was studied by using the small bowel loop technique. Subcutaneous injection of crude toxin as well as purified toxin or toxoids gave rise to significant protection against toxin challenge. The enhanced resistance to toxin was found to correspond to a many-fold higher magnitude of protection against challenge with live vibrios. In the primary response the protection increased during the first month. Booster immunization gave rise to a further increased immunity which, however, declined rapidly. Multiple oral or repeated intraintestinal antigen administrations also induced protective antitoxic immunity although of less magnitude than that obtained by parenteral immunization. Enteral and, to a lesser extent, parenteral immunization gave rise to increased antitoxic antibody titers and immunoglobulin levels in intestinal washings and mucosa scraping. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG antitoxins predominated, but after enteral immunization total IgA and specific IgA antibodies occasionally reached levels similar to those for IgG. In serum, significantly increased antibody levels (IgG) were only recorded after parenteral immunization. Both the primary binding and the neutralizing antitoxin titers showed a stayistically significant correlation with the degree of protection against toxin challenge; however, for the neutralizing antibodies this correlation was not without exceptions. No relation to protection was found for intestinal antibodies. The results of the present study indicate that enternal as well as parenteral immunization with toxin antigen can give rise to effective cholera immunity. After enternal immunization, the protection appears to be medicated by locally synthesized antibodies. After parenteral vaccination both serum-derived and locally produced antibodies seem to be effective. PMID- 54338 TI - Antigens of Streptococcus mutans: characterization of a polysaccharide antigen from walls of strain GS-5. AB - A cell wall-associated polysaccharide antigen was isolated from Streptococcus mutans GS-5 and appeared to determine serotype c specificity. Ouchterlony double diffusion analysis of crude formamide extracts derived from purified cell walls of two serotype c strains (GS-5 and JC-2) showed complete identify when reacted with anti-GS-5 sera. Immunoelectrophoresis of this extract demonstrated the typical mobility for this serotype as described by others. Column chromatography on BioGel P-100 of the crude formamide extracts derived from GS-5 walls resulted in a single antigenic peak being resolved. This material, when loaded onto a diethylaminoethylcellulose column and eluted with a linear gradient of ammonium carbonate (0.0 to 0.2 M), was resolved further into two serologically reactive peaks (I and II). Only two consituents, rhamnose and glucose, were detected in the purified column fractions. Peak 1 had a rhamnoseto-glucose molar ratio of 0.9:1.0, and peak II, the major resolvable fraction, had a molar ratio of 1.7:1.0, The peak II ratio was very similar to that found in the formamide extract residue pellet (1.6:1.0)9 Ouchterlony analysis of the crude formamide extract and the purified fractions revealed only partial identify between peaks I and II but complete identify between peak II and the crude extract. Likewise, immunoelectrophoresis showed no differences in mobility of peak II and the crude extract, whereas peak I moved towards the cathode. Possible structural relationships between the two antigenic fractions are discussed below. Hapten inhibition studies suggested that an alpha-glucosyl group is at the immunodeterminant site of the antigen. PMID- 54339 TI - Quantitative assay of diphtherial toxin and of immunologically cross-reacting proteins by reversed passive hemagglutination. AB - A reversed passive hemagglutination (RPHA) assay for diptherial toxin has been developed. Antitoxic antibodies were isolated from commercially available equine diptherial antitoxin by immunoabsorption using highly purified diphtherial toxin covalently linked to Sepharose 4B. Formalinized, tanned sheep erythrocytes sensitized with the purified antitoxic antibodies are specifically agglutinated by diphtherial toxin but are not agglutinated by extracellular antigens of Corynebacterium diptheriae that are unrelated to toxin. The RPHA assay described can detect less than 20 pg of diphtherial toxin and is comparable in sensitivity to intracutaneous tests for toxin. The RPHA assay was shown to be at least 1,000 times more sensitive than quantitative immunological assays for diptherial toxin performed by single radial immunodiffusion or by one-dimensional double diffusion in agar gels. Fragment A prepared from purified diphtherial toxin and nontoxic mutant proteins that cross-react immunologically with toxin can be assayed directly by RPHA, but the sensitivity of the assay for these proteins is less than for native diphtherial toxin. Inhibition of RPHA was also shown to be a sensitive quantitative method for measuring diptherial antitoxin in vitro. PMID- 54341 TI - [A slide-tape presentation]. PMID- 54340 TI - Infection in immunodepressed patients. The approach to diagnosis and treatment. AB - Infection is an important cause of death in patients receiving cytostatic drugs or with any other impairment of host resistance. Such infections are frequently due to opportunist micro-organisms usually belonging to the endogenous flora of the patient. It is often difficult to obtain an exact diagnosis of the cause and localization of the infection. The problems associated with the prevention of infection are manifold. Exogenous infections can be prevented by proper isolation and a sterile diet. Endogenous infections can only be prevented by eradication of the patient's endogeous flora, so-called decontamination. Special attention should be given to treatment of foci of chronic infection and of the carrier state of certain microorganisms. However, the prophylactic use of antibiotics should be avoided. The curative use of antibiotics should be based on the most probable micro-organism. We consider the inventory of the patient's microflora, repeated weekly, of great help in the choice of antibiotics in cases of septicaemia of unknown aetiology. The initial therapy usually consists of a broad spectrum combination of antibiotics, which should be bactericidal. When the causative bacteria have been isolated and the sensitivity is known, antibiotic therapy should be adjusted to the narrowest spectrum possible. PMID- 54342 TI - [The artificial urethral sphincter]. PMID- 54343 TI - Antigenic properties of polymers formed by beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Purified polymers have been isolated from 6-aminopenicillanic acid and from semi synthetic penicillins and cephalosporins. All the polymers were shown to react with rabbit antibody of penicillins and cephalosporins. All the polymers were shown to react with rabbit antibody of penicilloyl specificity, as demonstrated by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs, and the reactions were shown to be penicilloyl-specific by hapten inhibition experiments. The cephalosporin derived polymers in addition reacted with rabbit antibodies raised to the corresponding cephalosporin conjugates of bovine gamma-globulin. Using direct skin tests, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and an in vitro assay, no evidence was obtained that the polymers induced the formation of specific antibodies in baboons, guinea pigs and rabbits, but in baboons the induction of cell-mediated immunity, demonstrable by delayed skin test reactions, was shown. PMID- 54344 TI - Preparation of carbon-14-labelled whole short ragweed pollen antigens. AB - A new method of labelling short ragweed pollen antigens with carbon-14 is described. The known ragweed antigens AgE, Ra3, Ra5 and several other antigens are radiolabelled. These components are biologically active, have a high specific radioactivity and a long half-life. PMID- 54345 TI - A clinical trial of intravenous bleomycin in the treatment of brain tumors. AB - The author has carried out the administration of bleomycin, chiefly by the intravenous route, in the postoperative adjuvant treatment of 150 cases of brain tumor since January 1969. The overall response rate of gliomas to bleomycin was more than 50 per cent. No distinct, given tendency toward possible differences in bleomycin effectiveness due to the type and location of tumors was revealed, but it appears that there were fewer effective cases among highly malignant gliomas and metastitic brain tumors. The survival data also showed encouraging results. PMID- 54346 TI - Prevalence of carcinoma of the penis with special reference to India. AB - The frequency of carcinoma of the penis throughout the world is tabulated and compared with similar data from 32 hospitals in India. There is a wide variation in the frequency of penile carcinoma in India despite the fact that circumcision is not practiced by Hindus and is by Muslims. There must be some other etiologic factors such as poor sexual hygiene and lack of cleanliness to account for this variability in frequency. There was no association between the frequency of cervical and penile carcinomas. PMID- 54347 TI - [Immunopotentiation: aims, ways, results]. PMID- 54348 TI - Proceedings: Exposure of histone antigenic determinants in chromatin. PMID- 54349 TI - [The geographic distribution of psoriasis]. AB - On the basis of data published in the literature the geographical distribution of psoriasis vulgaris is described. One of the most interesting results is the increase of the psoriasis frequency in countries such as Japan, Korea, Kazachstan and East Africa. This could be due to the fact, that altered life conditions in connection with an increasing industrialization favour the manifestation of psoriasis genes. How far population differences of the psoriasis frequencies are to be seen exclusively as genetical ones, is hitherto unclear, but rather unlikely. No relations between psoriasis and climatec factors could be seen. Associations between psoriasis and several antigens (HL-A 13 and W 17) of the HL A-systems seem to be present. These associations could be of considerable importance for the interpretation of the geographical distribution pattern of psoriasis. Further studies in psoriatic families are required, which describe the distribution of the HL-A specifities in the possibly potential psoriatic members of the families, who carry the respective genes. PMID- 54350 TI - [Phoinatric and audiological aspects of autism (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of autism or autistic traits always necessitates exclusion of a primary or secondary speech or hearing disorder. The following findings are based on experience gained from 12 children with the diagnosis of early infantile autism. If an acoustic or speaking disorder is caused by brain damage, it will increasingly dominate the total symptomatology as the child matures. The more intensively the organic factor influences the picture, the more frequently a primary acoustic or speech disorder is found. This was observed in 6 cases, which can be diagnosed an "pseudo autistic". From the phoniatric and audiological view the type of autism syndrome as described by Kanner has so far not been confirmed. PMID- 54351 TI - Arrhythmogenic properties of thiamylal sodium in the dog. PMID- 54352 TI - Calf response to the initiation of parturition in dairy cows with dexamethasone or dexamethasone with estradiol benzoate. PMID- 54353 TI - An investigation of errors in direct counts of aquatic bacteria by epifluorescence microscopy, with reference to a new method for dyeing membrane filters. PMID- 54354 TI - Ultrastructural study of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in organ culture. AB - The ultrastructure of Mycoplasma pneumoniae M129 was studied by using specialized staining methods for thin-section transmission electron microscopy. Nucleic acid was shown in the cytoplasmic granules and fibrillar material in the nuclear region. The central filament of the highly structured tip contained basic protein. With one method of fixation, parallel filaments were seen in the central core. M. pneumoniae was enveloped in an extracellular mucoprotein layer that was especially concentrated around its terminal structure. PMID- 54355 TI - Flagellar hook protein from Salmonella SJ25. AB - From acid-disintegrated flagellar hooks of Salmonella SJ25 an immunochemically pure preparation of hook protein was obtained by column chromatography. The molecular weight of the protein determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis was 43,000, whereas that of SJ25 flagellin was 56,000. The amino terminal residue of the hook protein was determined to be seryl. The amino acid composition of the protein was determined, the results being very similar to that for an Escheria coli hook protein reported by Silverman and Simon (1972). Within a wavelength range of 200 to 250 nm, our purified preparation of hook protein gave a circular dichroism spectrum with unusually small amplitudes, suggesting that the alpha-helix content of the protein was very low. PMID- 54356 TI - Proceedings: The Blalock Hanlon operation as a primary procedure for simple transposition of the great vessels. PMID- 54357 TI - Mitotic chromosome condensation in the sperm nucleus during postfertilization maturation division in Urechis eggs. AB - Changes in the morphology of the sperm nucleus in the egg cytoplasm are mong the immediate events in nucleocytoplasmic interactions during early embryogenesis. Soon after its entrance into the egg cytoplasm, the sperm nucleus of various organisms increases in size with the transformation of condensed chromatin to a diffuse state, resembling the chromatin of an interphase nucleus (2, 13, 15, 16). This is followed by a close association or fusion of male and female pronuclei (2, 13, 15, 16). Cytoplasmic influences on nuclear morphology have also been demonstrated clearly in nuclear transplantation and cell fusion studies (10, 11). Reactivation of the nucleus, such as the transplanted brain nucleus in Xenopus egg cytoplasm or the hen erythrocyte nucleus in interphase cytoplasm of HeLa cells, is accompanied by nuclear enlargement and chromatin dispersion (10, 11). However, premature mitotic-like chromosome condensation takes place in the nuclei of sperm or interphase cells fused with mitotic cells (9, 12). Thus, chromosome dispersion and condensation seem to depend on the state of the cytoplasm in which the nucleus is present. These observations imply that the initial morphological changes in the sperm nucleus after fertilization may very well be dependent on the state of maturation of eggs at the time of sperm entry. Unfertilized eggs of Urechis caupo, a marine echiuroid worm, are stored at the diakinesis stage. These eggs complete maturation division after insemination and this is followed by fusion of male and female pronuclei (5, 8). Therefore, Urechis caupo is a suitable organism in which to study the response of the sperm nucleus to the changing state of the egg cytoplasm during and after postfertilization maturation division. PMID- 54358 TI - In vitro formation of gap junction vesicles. AB - A method is described that uses trypsin digestion combined with collagenase hyaluronidase which produces a population of gap junction vesicles. The hexagonal lattice of subunits ("connexons") comprising the gapjunctions appears unaltered by various structural criteria and by buoyant density measurements. The gap junction vesciles are closed by either a single or a double profile of nonjunctional "membrane," which presents a smooth, particle-free fracture face. Horseradish peroxidase and cytochrome c studies have revealed that about 20% of the gap junction vesicles are impermeable to proteins 12,000 daltons or larger. The increased purity of the trypsinized junction preparation suggests that one of the disulfide reduction products of the gap-junction principal protein may be a nonjunctional contaminating peptide. The gap junction appears to be composed of a single 18,000-dalton protein, connexin, which may be reduced to a single 9,000 dalton peak. The number of peptides in this reduced peak are still unknown. PMID- 54359 TI - Transformation of cells by rous sarcoma virus: cytoplasmic vacuolization. AB - Chick embryo cells transformed by the Bryan "high titer" strain of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV-BH) are heavily vacuolated. A variety of microscopic techniques have been used demonstrating that the vacuoles are cytoplasmic, bounded by membrane, and are composed largely of water. Proteins, lipids, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosaminoglycans, glycogen, and nucleic acids were undetectable in the vacuoles. Physiological requirements for development of the vacuoles, and reversal of vacuolization, were examined in cells infected with a virus mutant, RSV-BH-Ta, which induces reversible temperature-dependent transformation. Na+ was the only component of the cell culture medium found essential for both the development and reversal of vacuoles. Glucose depletion or dinitrophenol treatment inhibited vacuolization, suggesting a possible energy requirement in the vacuolization process. Ouabain, an inhibitor of Na+-K+ ATPase, enhanced vacuolization, but a variety of other substances affecting cell surface components were in active. Two sugars, glucosamine and mannosamine, prevented the disappearance of vacuoles. The observations suggest that cellular vacuolization may be a normal physiological response to an increase in water and Na+, and, in the specific case of transformation by RSV-BH, may be relevant to the physiological basis for malignancy. PMID- 54360 TI - Lipid staining for the electron microscope: a new method. AB - Tissues fixed in osmium tetroxide or in combined osmium and glutaraldehyde (Hinde), embedded in Spurr's medium, cut at 0-5-I mum and mounted in Farrants' gum medium containing ethyl gallate, show good staining of lipid-contaning structures (droplets of triglyceride, membranes, mitochondria, etc.) in the light microscope. Such preparations show moderate contrast in the electron microscope without further staining. But a specific increase in contrast in lipid-rich structures is obtained by partition of the tissues, before embedding, in 70% ethanol saturated with the monoterpene hydrocarbon myrcene, with or without the addition of 0-I % ethyl gallate, followed by osmium tetroxide. This method will visualize both saturated and unsaturated lipids, including waxes. PMID- 54361 TI - An ultrastructural study of acid phosphatase localization in Phaseolus vulgaris xylem by the use of an azo-dye method. AB - The localization of acid phosphatase during xylem development has been examined in the bean, Phaseolus vulgaris. The azo dye, the final reaction product, is initially prominent in the dictyosomes, vesicles apparently participating in secondary wall formation, and in the middle lamella of the young vessel element. Final reaction particles are also present in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and certain vacuoles and are sparsely scattered in the cytoplasm. At a later stage of vessel differentiation, the azo dye is concentrated in the disintegrating cytoplasm and along the fibrils of the partially hydrolysed primary wall and middle lamella. In the mature vessel element, the azo dye is still present along the disintegrated primary wall at the side of the vessel and covers the secondary wall. In the parenchyma cell adjacent to the vessel element, acid phosphatase localization is found in the dictyosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, small vacuoles, and the middle lamella. The controls from all stages of vessel element development were free of azo dye particles. The concentration of acid phosphatase along the secondary walls of the mature vessels and in the middle lamella between other cells indicates that this enzyme has other functions besides autolysis of the cytoplasm and primary cell wall. Acid phosphatase may participate in the formation of the secondary wall and may also have a role in the secretion and transport of sugars. PMID- 54362 TI - Appearances of microtubules after various fixative procedures, and comparison with the appearances of tobacco mosaic virus. AB - Microtubules in crane-fly spermatids appeared altered when the glutaraldehyde fixed cells were not postfixed with osmium tetroxide. The cytoplasmic microtubules were altered more than the doublet microtubules. Addition of osmium tetroxide after dehydration did not produce appearances identical with those of microtubules postfixed directly after glutaraldehyde, and thus at least some alterations occurred during dehydration, possibly due to extraction of microtubule-associated lipid. The omission of osmium tetroxide postfixation did not cause drastic alterations in the appearances of either tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), or polymerized tobacco mosaic virus protein (without RNA), suggesting that microtubule stability is different from TMV stability (with respect to the embedment procedure). The electron-dense stain associated with embedded-sectioned TMV is predominantly outside the TMV protein, as demonstrated by the known distribution of TMV protein compared with the dimensions of sectioned TMV and negatively stained TMV. The same might hold true for microtubules, as evidenced by the dimensions of negatively stained, isolated brain microtubules compared with those of embedded and sectioned brain microtubules. PMID- 54363 TI - Cell surface saccharides of Trypanosoma lewisi. I. Polycation-induced cell agglutination and fine-structure cytochemistry. AB - Trypanosoma lewisi bloodstream and culture forms were agglutinated differentially with low concentrations of the cationic compounds: ruthenium red, ruthenium violet, Alcian blue chloride, 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride, lanthanum chloride, and cationized ferritin. The bloodstream form trypanosomes gave the highest agglutination levels with each of the compounds tested. Ruthenium red was the most effective inducer of cell agglutination among the several cations used. Trypsin-treated bloodstream forms were agglutinated less in the presence of ruthenium red than untreated controls. Ruthenium red-induced cell agglutination also was lowered with chondroitin sulphate and dextran sulphate, but not with alpha-D-glucose, alpha-D-mannose or with several methyl glycosides. Treatment of the bloodstream trypanosomes with alpha-amylase, dextranase, or neuraminidase had little effect on agglutination levels obtained with ruthenium red. Fine-structure cytochemical staining with ruthenium red, ruthenium violet, and Alcian blue lanthanum nitrate was used to ascertain the presence and distribution of presumptive carbohydrates in the trypanosome cell surface. The extracellular surface coat of the bloodstream forms stained densely with each of the polycationic dyes. Trypsin treatment removed the surface coat from bloodstream trypanosomes; however, the surface membranes of the organisms were stained densely with the several dyes. Similar surface-membrane staining was obtained with the cationic compounds and the culture forms, which lack a cell surface coat. Cationized ferrin was used at the fine-structure level to visualize the negative surface charge present in the cell surface coat and external membrane of the several trypanosome stages. Results obrained from the agglutination and cytochemistry experiments indicate that complex polysaccharides are present in the surface membranes and cell surface coat of T. lewisi bloodstream forms. Similar conclusions also pertain to the surface membranes of the T. lewisi culture from trypanosomes. The carbohydrates probably represent glycopeptide and glycoprotein structural components of the surface membrane of this organism. PMID- 54364 TI - Thyroidal triiodothyronine and thyroxine in Graves' disease: correlation with presurgical treatment, thyroid status, and iodine content. AB - To evaluate the potential contribution of thyroidal secretion to the relative excess of triiodothyronine (T3) production in hyperthyroidism and to investigate the effects of treatment, iodine (127I), T3 and thyroxine (T4) were measured in digests of thyroid tissue obtained at surgery from 13 patients with Graves' disease. In 11 normal human thyroid glands, 127I content was 630 +/- 60 (all values mean +/- SE in mug/ wet weight) T4, 254 +/- 39 and T3 21 +/-3. The T4I was 26 +/- 3% of the total iodine and the molar ratio T4/T3 was 11 +/- 1. The 13 patients with Graves' disease were divided into three groups. Eleven were clinically euthyroid (Groups I and II) and had received either iodide or iodide plus a thiourea derivative before surgery. Two subjects (Group III) received only propranolol. In Group I (n = 8), mean thyroidal 127I content was 320 +/- 50, T4 was 115 +/- 9 and T3 22 +/- 4. The molar ratio T4/T3 was 5.9 +/- 1 and T4I was 26 +/- 2% of the total. Group II patients (3) had the lowest preoperative serum T4 (less than 2.5 mug/dl) and T3 (less than ng/dl) concentrations with TSH elevated in only one (7 muU/ml). Thyroidal 127I was 100 +/- 26, T49 +/- and T3 1.3 +/- 0.3. The % T4I was 5 +/-2. The two chemically hyperthyroid subjects had a mean tissue 127I of 450; T4, 295 and T3, 56, the T4/T3 ratio was 4.5 and % T4I was 42. There was no correlation between tissue 127I and T4/T3 within either the normal or Graves' disease group. Since adequate clinical and chemical control of hyperthyroidism with antithyroid drugs and iodine was attained in the 8 Group I subjects without a decrease in the % T4I or T3I below that of normal thyroids, it suggests that inhibition of iodotyrosine coupling is not required for this effect. The % T4I was below normal only in patients with marked suppression of serum T4 and T3 concentraions. The lack of correlation between tissue 127I and T4/T3 ratio in the treated patients suggests that the lower T4/T3 ratio in Graves' thyroids is independent of intrathyroidal iodine concentrations. This hypothesis is strengthened by the similarly low T4/T3 ratio in untreated subjects with near normal tissue 127I content. Assuming that the thyroid hormones are secreted in the ratios present in these digests, one can estimate that direct secretion by the thyroid could contribute most, of not all, of the excess T3 production in Graves' disease. PMID- 54365 TI - Degradation of blood group antigens in human colon ecosystems. I. In vitro production of ABH blood group-degrading enzymes by enteric bacteria. AB - Human feces contain enzymes produced by enteric bacteria that degrade the A, B, and H blood group antigens of gut mucin glycoproteins. We have studied their production in fecal cultures to determine if such cultures can be a source for enzyme purification and to explore how blood group antigen-degrading enzymes are adapted in individual human colon ecosystems. They were present in fecal cultures from each of 27 healthy subjects, including ABH nonsecretors. Heat-sensitive obligate anaerobes are their major source. From 39 to 85% of the total enzyme activity produced by growing cultures was extracellular. Commercial hog gastric mucin and salivary glycoproteins, including Lea saliva which lacks A, B, and H antigens, enhance production of A-, B-, and H-degrading activity in anaerobic fecal cultures irrespective of the glycoprotein's blood group specificity. There is evidence that the host's ABO blood type and secretor status affects the specificity of blood group-degrading enzymes produced by his fecal bacteria in vitro. Thus, fecal inocula from B secretors incubated with hog gastric mucin (A and H specificity) or with Lea saliva produced greater levels of B-degrading than A- or H-degrading activity, and inocula from A secretors in similar media produced greater levels of A-degrading than B- or H-degrading activity. Blood group-degrading enzymes produced in fecal cultures are glycosidases and not proteases. The B-degrading enzyme cleaves the B antigenic determinant alpha-D galactose from the oligosaccharide side chains of mucin glycoproteins with B specificity. Anaerobic fecal cultures containing blood group substances are a feasible source for purifying blood group antigen-degrading enzymes. Prior adaptation to blood group antigens in the gut mucins of type A and type B secretors affects the specificity of the enzymes produced in vitro. PMID- 54366 TI - Degradation of blood group antigens in human colon ecosystems. II. A gene interaction in man that affects the fecal population density of certain enteric bacteria. AB - The autosomal dominant ABH secretor gene together with the ABO blood type gene control the presence and specificity of A, B, and H blood group antigens in human gut mucin glycoproteins. Certain obligate anaerobes in feces produce extracellular antigen-specific glycoside structures. We estimated the populations of these bacteria in feces of 22 healthy subjects by determining the greatest dilution of feces that yielded A, B, or H blood group-degrading enzyme activity after 24 h incubation in anaerobic cultures. Comparatively small populations of fecal bacteria produce blood group-degrading enzymes; their estimated populations were 10(8) per g or less in 21 subjects. Fecal populations of B-degrading bacteria were stable over time, and their population density averaged 50,000-fold greater in blood group B secretros than in other subjects. We present evidence that the greater fecal populations of B-degrading bacteria in B secretors is due in part to a competitive nutritional advantage gained by their ability to enzymatically cleave the B antigenic determinant alpha-D-galactose from gut mucins of B secretors. Fecal populations of bacteria producing A and H antigen degrading enzyme activities were comparable in all subjects to the fecal population of B-degrading bacteria in B secretors. The large populations of fecal anaerobes may be an additional source of A antigen substrate for A-degrading bacteria; thus, antigens cross-reacting with A antigen were detected on cell walls of anaerobic bacteria from 3 of 10 cultures inoculated with 10(-10) g feces. Bacteria producing B-degrading activity likely represent a separate population from those producing A- or H-degrading activity since their fecal populations differed numerically in 14 subjects. These findings suggest that adaptation of blood group-degrading enzymes to mucin structures in human colon ecosystems is chiefly by mutation-selection of comparatively small populations of constitutive enzyme-producing strains rather than by substrate induced enzyme synthesis in many strains. PMID- 54367 TI - Intracellular mucous inclusions. A feature of malignant cells in effusions in the serous cavities, particularly due to carcinoma of the breast. AB - Three cases of carcinoma of the breast are described, in which similar tumour cells were found in pleural or peritoneal fluid. The cells were characterized by the frequent presence of 'bull's-eye' vacuoles, in which a central spot was deeply stained by Giemsa, eosin or periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). In one of these it was shown by electron microscopy that the vacuoles are lined by microvilli, and that their mucinous content is condensed in the central area, presumably as a result of failure to discharge the secretion. PMID- 54368 TI - Effect of Bacteroides fragilis on the human erythrocyte membrane: pathogenesis of Tk polyagglutination. AB - Incubation of normal human erythrocytes with the supernatant of centrifuged culture of some strains of Bacteroides fragilis results in the exposure of Tk polyagglutination determinants on the erythrocyte membrane. These determinants are present on non papain-labile structures and are probably exposed by an enzyme mechanism. Other strains of B. fragilis were found to produce neuraminidase, haemolysins, and protease. It is suggested that early recognition of Tk determinants may be an aid to the diagnosis of B. fragilis infection. PMID- 54369 TI - A note on the use of immunofluorescent methods for the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bronchitic sputum. AB - By immunofluorescent microscopy of sputum from 67 cases of bronchitis Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detectable in 14 as compared with nine by cultural methods. PMID- 54370 TI - Prenatal development of central optic pathways in albino rats. AB - The development of the central optic projections in albino rat fetuses has been studied using light and electron microscopic degeneration techniques and the horseradish peroxidase method for demonstrating axonal projections of neurons. The first optic axons to reach the region of the optic chiasm arrive at day 15. By day 16, a substantial optic chiasm is seen and the optic tract can be traced into the epithalamus, having first passed through the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus and a thin lamina of cells which is thought to correspond to part of the future dorsal geniculate nucleus. A growth rate of 80-100 mum per hour is estimated for the fastest growing axons. By day 16-1/3 the first axons have entered the anterior border of the superior colliculus and in the next day have grown across the entire rostrocaudal extent with the exception of the medial and lateral edges. The optic axons are recognized at day 17 as bundles lying just below the surface, but in older animals they come to lie deeper, as the whole layer of optic innervation broadens. The first synapses to be formed in the superior colliculus (some of them of optic origin) appear on day 17. Subsequently, there is a gradual increase in the number of contacts, the great majority being formed by optic axons. Compared with previous studies on Xenopus and chick, one of the most striking features of the development of the central visual connections in the rat is the relatively long time before the first optic axons reach the brain and the speed with which they innervate the central structures once they have arrived. PMID- 54371 TI - Chemical composition of Streptococcus mutans type c antigen: comparison to type a, b, and d antigens. AB - Studies of the serotype a, b, and d antigens of S mutans were extended to include the serotype c antigen. Type c antigen was extracted from cells of strain Ingbritt and purified by repeated column chromatography. Two type c antigens fractions were separated by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex and were designated I and II. On agar gel diffusion, the major components of antigens I and II were serologically identical with the major component of the crude Ingbritt extract. Rhamnose and glucose were present in a 2.4:1 ratio and comprised 98 and 93% of the purified antigens, respectively. The compositions of the c antigens were directly related to the carbohydrate content of the serotype c cell wall. In contrast, purified a, b-II, and d antigens, which are also cell wall polysaccharides contain only trace amounts of rhamnose, a major wall carbohydrate. Studies which used comparative immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that the purified a, b-I, and d antigens were serologically identical to the antigen preparations that have been used for the immunological classification of these serotypes. PMID- 54372 TI - Grouping and cross-reacting antigens of oral lactic acid bacteria. AB - The grouping antigens from five of the seven serological groups of lactobacilli have been defined with respect to the carbohydrate units responsible for serological specificity. When the antigens are polysaccharides, specificity is more absolute than with the teichoic acids where cross-reactions may occur because of the same or similar carbohydrate substituents, or more particularly because of the common "backbone" structure of the glycerol teichoic acids. This glycerol phosphate "backbone" accounts for a number of reports on the presence of a "common antigen" in gram-positive organisms and their culture fluids, with the amount of extracellular material being particularly high for S mutans strains. PMID- 54373 TI - Improved salt fractionation of animal serums for immunofluorescence studies. AB - With all animal serums studied except rat serum, an improved salt fraction that contained a high percentage of gamma-globulin and little or no albumin could be obtained by using optimal ammonium sulfate concentrations. These concentrations were less than the routinely used half-saturated solutions and different from the sometimes quoted one-third-saturated solutions. These are simple, economical methods for obtaining the antibody-containing globulin fractions from the serums of a variety of animals commonly used as antibody producers for immunofluorescence applications. Fluorescent antibody reagents prepared in this laboratory from serum fractions obtained by these optimal procedures provided conjugates that may be superior to those prepared from fractions obtained with a higher and uniform salt concentration. PMID- 54374 TI - Conjugation methods in immunofluorescence. AB - We have described methods of labeling antibody preparations with FITC, TMRI, and RBI. The degree of labeling with FITC can be precisely controlled by using well defined conjugation procedures and FITC of a known degree of purity. Our experience shows that relatively high F/P ratios of the order of 20 to 25 mug/mg are desirable for antibacterial conjugates. Many commercial preparations of rhodamine isothiocyanate are of very poor quality and are unsatisfactory for use in conjugate preparation. Therefore, one should analyze the rhodamine isothiocyanate product before preparing immune conjugates. Our experience indicates that very satisfactory conjugates of immune IgG or pure antibody can be prepared with TMRI of about 60% purity by using a dye-protein ratio of 20 mug/mg. The optimal dye-IgG ratio for labeling with RBI appears to be about two times that for labeling with TMRI because of the lower specific absorbance and fluorescence emission of RBI. Rhodamine conjugates may be preferred to FITC conjugates in certain situations where tissue autofluorescence interferes with the observation of the yellow-green emission of FITC. Furthermore, mixed rhodamine and FITC conjugates of different specificity can be used to great advantage in double-staining techniques that allow simultaneous screening for two antigenically different organisms on a single microscope slide. PMID- 54375 TI - Physicochemical characterization of direct fluorescent antibody reagents. AB - When the data from performance and physicochemical studies of conjugates are combined for analysis, the performance data and specific titers show a direct relationship to the physicochemical data (Table 2). These reagents were prepared from the same lot of antiserum. The specific titers are very misleading without the accompanying data (Table 2). The protein concentrations range from 4 to 10 mg/ml, the F/P ratios from 10 to 30, and CASE shows gamma-globulin to constitute 30 to 100% of the protein. CASE also shows the gamma-globulin F/P ratio to be only 10 to 20. Using these data, we calculated the concentrations of the gamma globulins and normalized their titers to 10 mg/ml. The value of good fractionation procedures for recovering gamma-globulin and the desirability of obtaining optimal F/P ratios are reflected in the adjusted titers. Physicochemical characterization of conjugates identifies superior and deficient reagents and frequently reveals the cause of inadequate performance. In this way it serves as a quide for improving reagent quality. PMID- 54376 TI - Improvement in specificity of immunofluorescent reagents for identifying Streptococcus mutans by DEAE-cellulose-bacterial cell column immunosorption methods. AB - We have described a new method for preparing bacterial cell columns, in which DEAE-cellulose is used as the cell support material. The columns can be used to isolate pure antibody or to remove cross-reacting antibodies from immune IgG. The columns are remarkable stable, can be scaled up to any desired dimensions, and should be suitable for large-scale production of highly specific serological reagents. The method is practical for obtaining serotype-specific and polyvalent IF reagents for identifying S. mutans organisms. However, the method could also be used as a tool for sophisticated studies of antigenic relationships that exist among these and other taxonomic groups of microorganisms. PMID- 54377 TI - Common and unique antigens of Streptococcus mutants. PMID- 54378 TI - Optimum immunization of rabbits for Streptococcus mutans antiserum and conjugate production and studies of batch immunoabsorption methods. AB - By far, the most significant rises in titers were seen with the immunization protocol used in series 6. Conjugates prepared from bleedings on the 33rd day produced exceptionally high titers for type b S mutans, and reasonably high titers for type a were obtained in a short time. A concentrated antigen with Formalin (13.4 ml) was given during a ten-day period followed by a two-week rest period, after which booster doses of either antigen with Formalin or live antigen were given (Fig 1). Based on evaluation of the immunization protocol just described, series 6 resulted in the highest titered reagents, but the data are insufficient to permit recommending that particular schedule without limitations. Our experience in the use of live antigens of S mutans for immunization is limited in that only types b, c, and e have been used in this way. The rabbits survived these injections, but the pathogenicity of other strains and other serotypes has not been determined. In addition, protocols including combined injections of killed and living organisms should be tested further for possible improvement in antibody production. In view of these considerations, our recommendations for production of high titered antiserums for S mutans in rabbits are as follows: -Take a preimmunization bleeding from each rabbit and screen by indirect FA tests with the antigens to be used. -Inject heavy concentrations (40 IU/ml) of Formalin-killed cells, intravenously. -Inject for eight to ten consecutive days, giving increasing doses of antigen ranging from 0.2 to 5.0 ml for a total of 12 to 15 ml. -Rest the rabbits for one week. If you are monitoring the progress of immunization, bleed the rabbits before giving booster injections. -Give booster injections on four consecutive days, giving 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ml of live antigen that has been washed one time to remove traces of media and adjusted to a concentration of 40 IU/ml. If live antigen is not used, continue to give booster injections with killed antigen, injecting 2.0 ml on each of three consecutive days. -Rest the rabbits for one week and take sufficient blood to produce the trial reagents needed, or exsaguinate the rabbits. Absorption of type a conjugates resulted in the total loss of titer for type a cells. The cross reactions with type b conjugate were easily eliminated by dilution, with the exception of the cross-reaction with S sanguis JC-43. Bratthall's absorption method eliminated all cross-reactions of the type b conjugate. Absorption of type c conjugate successfully removed the cross-reaction with type e cells; however, the loss of homologous type c titer was so great that this absorption is of limited value. High-titered conjugates for types d and e have been obtained by using batch absorption procedures. PMID- 54379 TI - Identification and quantitation of Streptococcus mutans by the fluorescent antibody technique. PMID- 54380 TI - Application of fluorescent antibody methods in the analysis of plaque samples. AB - Direct FA staining for S mutans serotypes may be performed on smears made from plaque or strain isolates and on colonies attached to agar plates of black membrane filters. Staining with single conjugates directed to S mutans serotypes (a to e) as well as with polyvalent a-, b-, d-, f-fluorescein label and c-, e rhodamine label conjugates indicate that serotype c is the most common. This is in agreement with many reports by other investigators. Cross-reactions with many S mutans conjugates occurred with organisms resembling Lancefield groups C and G streptococci. PMID- 54381 TI - [Cytochemical study of the substrate responsible for the differential staining of human chromosomes by length]. PMID- 54382 TI - Allergy to insect stings. II. Phospholipase A: the major allergen in honeybee venom. AB - In order to determine the proteins of major allergenic importance in honeybee venom (Apis mellifera) it was chromatographed on G-50 Sephadex. The four major protein peaks eluted were identified as hyaluronidase, phospholipase, melittin, and apamin. Testing these preparations on the leukocytes of 6 honeybee-sensitive patients, with the in vitro method of histamine release, revealed that all individuals were most sensitive to phospholipase A. IgE antibodies against phospholipase A (RAST) were found in the sera of honeybee-sensitive patients and IgG antibodies to this venom component were found in the sera from beekeepers and venom-treated patients. Melittin appeared to be allergenic in several patients, but the results were variable and were possibly due to contamination with phospholipase. All patients were insensitive to the hyaluronidase and apamin preparations. We conclude that phospholipase A is the major allergen of honeybee venom and, since this protein is readily available, it should be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic studies as well as for the standardization of materials used in the management of honeybee-sensitive patients. PMID- 54383 TI - Heavy chain variable region allotypic sub-specificities of rabbit immunoglobulins. I. Identification of three subpopulations of a1 IgG molecules. AB - Four anti-al Ab subpopulations were isolated from an anti-al antiserum by sequential immunoadsorption chromatography. These four anti-al Ab subpopulations were differentially bound by two "limited heterogeneity" Abs having different components of the al allotypic specificity. Each of the four anti-al Ab subpopulations reacted with al IgG molecules obtained from a2 and a3 rabbits. A subpopulation designated anti-al Ab reacted with 100% of al IgG molecules. Thus, the anti-al-A Ab recognizes al determinants common to all al IgG molecules. Each of the other three subpopulations, designated anti-al-B Ab, anti-al-C Ab, and anti-al-D Ab, reacted with only a fraction of the al IgG molecules but the sum of the percentages of al IgG molecules which reacted with each of these three anti al Ab subpopulations approximated 100% of the al IgG molecules. Thus each of the anti-al-B Ab, anti-al-C Ab, and anti-al-D Ab recognizes non-common determinants distinct for each of three subpopulations of al IgG molecules. Although 65 to 90% of IgG molecules in al homozygous rabbits have the al allotypic specificity, these IgG molecules are heterogeneous with respect to their antigenic determinants comprising the al allotype; at least three kinds of al IgG molecules are identified. This heterogeneity probably reflects variation in the amino acid sequence of the Vh region of al IgG molecules and, therefore, poses a similar argument which had led to the hypothesis of two genes for one polypeptide chain and to the theory of episomal insertions for the genetic control of immunoglobulin synthesis. PMID- 54384 TI - Suppression and reversal of allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs with a non encephalitogenic analogue of the tryptophan region of the myelin basic protein. AB - The administration of synthetic peptide S42 leads to suppression and reversal of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in guinea pigs by myelin basic protein. Peptide S42 contains a linear sequence of 21 amino acid residues, H-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gln-Lys-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gln-Lys-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gln-Lys-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gln-Lys Gly-OH, made up of four repeating unit sequences of H-Phe-Ser-Trp-Gln-Lys-OH in addition to a C-terminal glycine. Injected at relatively high doses, peptide S42 is non-encephalitogenic. It induces delayed-type hypersensitivity which is not followed by EAE, and elicits delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in peptide S42, encephalitogenic trytophan peptide, or BP-challenged animals for either of the three antigens. The repeating unit sequence of peptide S42 is analogous to the encephalitogenic tryptophan region of the BP molecules . The sequence homology is responsible for cellular recognition of this antigen by the skin test assay and suggests in vivo interaction between peptide S42 and EAE-inducing cells leading to suppression and reversal of disease. PMID- 54385 TI - Antigenic determinants of adenovirus capsids. I. Measurement of antibody cross reactivity. AB - Evidence is presented that the type-specific antibody to the adenovirus hexon is not simply the antibody with the highest activity for cross-reactive determinants, but is a distinct, minority population that recognizes seperate determinants. To quantify it, we have developed an inhibition method with radio immunoprecipitation (RIP) as a sensitive assay for the type-specific antibody that remains after all the excess of cross-reactive antibody has been blocked by heterologous antigen. During the primary response, 0.1 to 1% of antibody to types 2 or 5 hexon is type-specific, but after boosting, this population may reach 10 to 20%. Antibody to fiber is more than 70% type-specific during primary and secondary responses. The cross-reacting antibody can be removed on immunoabsorbent columns without affecting the virus neutralization titer of the serum. PMID- 54386 TI - Further characterization of the anti-encephalitogenic protein (SCP): isolation from bovine spinal cord and spinal roots. AB - The three molecular forms of the anti-encephalitogenic protein, beta-SCP, gamma SCP, and SCP-peptide were isolated in higher yield by a shortened procedure, which involved 1) extraction of bovine spinal cord (BSC) or bovine spinal roots (BSR) with 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 4.5, 2) batch absorption on CM-52 cellulose, 3) stepwise elution with sodium acetate buffers, pH 5.8, containing increasing concentrations of sodium chloride and finally, 4) removal of trace contaminants by gel-exclusion chromatography on Sephadex G-50 superfine. The m.w. of the purified proteins determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was 13,200 daltons. The same value for the molecular sizes was obtained by gel-exclusion chromatography by using 0.1% SDS in 0.05M sodium chloride as eluant. In the absence of SDS the molecular sizes estimated by gel exclusion chromatography ranged from 14,000 to 18,500. The amino acid compositions of the beta-SCP and gamma-SCP from BSC and BSR were similar except that beta-SCP from BSR lacked half-cystine whereas gamma-SCP from BSR contained three times as much half-cystine as the SCP forms prepared from BSC. All forms of SCP showed reactions of identity when compared by immunodiffusion analyses with a rabbit anti-bovine SCP serum; none formed precipitin lines with a rabbit anti-bovine myelin basic protein (MyBP) serum. PMID- 54387 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to Friend virus-induced leukemia. II. Characteristics of primary cell-mediated cytotoxic response. AB - The primary cell-mediated cytotoxic response to a Friend virus-induced leukemia, FBL-3, in C57BL/6 mice was measured by the 125IUdR release assay. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation of 1 x 10(1) FBL-3 cells produced progressive tumor growth (progressors); subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of as many as 5 x 10(6) FBL-3 cells produced only transient tumor growth (regressors), and these mice would subsequently resist i.p. challenge of FBL-3 cells at 3 days after s.c. inoculation. The kinetics of the primary cell-mediated cytotoxic response of regressors was biphasic. Significant cytotoxicity could be detected at 3 to 5 days after s.c. inoculation of 5 x 10(6) FBL-3 cells peaked at days 10 to 14, declined to a very low level or became undetectable around days 20 to 30; then the reactivity reappeared and persisted at least up to 60 days. In progressors, the kinetics of the cell-mediated cytotoxic response was similar to the regressors, but the reactivity was much lower. The cytotoxic response was found to be T cell dependent, during both the first peak (days 10 to 14) and the second peak (days 40 to 60). In adoptive transfer experiments, lymphocytes from regressors gave 90% protection against i.p. challenge of FBL-3; lymphocytes from progressors only gave 40% protection. PMID- 54388 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to Friend virus-induced leukemia. III. Characteristics of secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic response. AB - By employing the 125IUdR release cytotoxicity assay, we have been able to measure the primary and secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic response of C57BL/6 mice to FBL 3 cells, a syngeneic Friend virus-induced leukemia. It was found that the secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic response occurred more rapidly after challenge (within 3 days) than the primary response, and the levels of reactivity were considerably higher. As in the primary response, the secondary cytotoxic reactivity of spleen cells was T cell dependent, being eliminated by pretreatment with anti-theta antibody plus complement. However, the secondary reactivity of pertioneal exudate (PE) cells was not entirely T-cell dependent. The specificity of the secondary cytotoxic response was analyzed by primary or secondary immunization with various tumor cells and by testing of cytotoxic lymphocytes against a variety of target cells. When spleen cells were used for testing, only tumor cells induced by Friend, Moloney, or Rauscher (FMR) leukemia viruses could produce secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic responses against FBL-3 cells. This correlated well with the specificity observed in the in vivo tumor transplantation protection studies. Similarly, spleen cells immune to FBL-3 had appreciable cytotoxicity against tumor cells induced by FMR viruses. The FBL-3 immune mice also gave significant protection against the challenge of FMR leukemias. When PE cells were used for testing, they gave higher levels of cytotoxicity against tumor cells induced by FMR viruses, but also gave less, but appreciable, cytotoxicity against non-FMR tumors. The latter reactivity might be related to the antigens induced by the murine endogenous type C viruses. PMID- 54389 TI - Antigenic determinants of adenovirus capsids. II. Homogeneity of hexons, and accessibility of their determinants, in the virion. AB - We have tested the two principal theories which explain the previous finding that small amounts of type-specific antibody to the adenovirus hexon can neutralize infectivity, whereas even large amounts of cross-reactive antibody do not. a) It has been suggested that the type-specific determinants are especially prominent in the virion. We have therefore measured the capacity of whole virus to bind appropriate antibodies, using a sensitive radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) system. In fact, virions bound type-specific and cross-reactive antibodies impartially. Moreover, they bound both much less effectively than did free hexon or disrupted virus, suggesting that many of each kind of determinant are inaccessible in virions. b) It has been suggested that the type-specific determinants are confined to those hexons located next to the pentons, and that they are the targets for neutralizing antibody. We have therefore studied the antigenicity of peripentonal and nonamer hexons isolated from virions, and found that each possessed both kinds of determinants. Furthermore, these were present in the same proportion as in hexons purified from the soluble antigens in infected cells ("free hexons"). We concluded that the mechanism of neutralization by antibody is complicated, and that the type-specific determinants exposed on the virion must play a crucial role. PMID- 54390 TI - Regulation of helper cell activity by specifically adsorbable T lymphocytes. AB - Mice immunized with soluble proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA) or ovalbumin (OA) develop in their spleens antigen-specific T and B lymphocytes. These populations of lymphocytes can be separated from each other by different means; e.g. treatment with anti-theta-antiserum and complement removes selectively T lymphocytes, whereas passage through glass bead columns coated with mouse immunoglobulin (Ig): anti-Ig complexes creates a relatively pure population of T lymphocytes. During the course of such separation studies it was observed that the helper capacity of HSA (or OA) immune mouse spleen cells after Ig:anti Ig column passage frequently was higher than expected from the enrichment in theta-positive cells. In addition, after adsorption onto antigen coated Bio-Gel beads this effect was even more pronounced, i.e., and increase in the relative helper capacity of about 3 or 4 times compared with an increase in the content of theta-positive cells from about 30% to 40 to 50% after adsorption. The present results will demonstrate that the increased helper capacity was a specific phenomenon which was regulated by theta-positive cells. The regulatory cells specifically adsorbed onto antigen-coated Bio-Gel beads have not been successfully eluted by EDTA or excess-free antigen so far, and they were still adsorbed after pre-incubation with anti-Ig antibodies under conditions where specific B lymphocyte adsorption was almost prevented. PMID- 54391 TI - An improved fluorescence probe cytotoxicity assay. AB - The phenanthridine dye, ethidium bromide, which is actively excluded by viable cells, undergoes a significant fluorescence enhancement at 5900 A upon binding intracellular double-stranded polyribonucleotides. A rapid and sensitive assay of antibody mediated cytotoxicity to cells grown in vitro has been developed using this phenomenon. In this communication, we describe this fluorescence probe cytotoxicity assay and a sensitive electro-optical system designed to measure the fluorescence enhancement of ethidium bromide as it intercalates with intracellular polyribonucleotides. Basic characteristics of the fluorescence enhancement resulting from the interaction of ethidium bromide and non-viable cells are presented as well as examples of this assay as it has been used to study surface membrane neoantigens of cells tranformed by the oncogenic DNA virus, SV40. PMID- 54392 TI - A method for staining multiple chemotaxis filters. AB - A device is described which holds chemotaxis filters on glass slides so that the cells on as many as 128 filters can be stained simultaneously. The procedure for using the batch stainer with Wright's stain is outlined. PMID- 54393 TI - Detection of antibody in virus--antibody complexes by immunoferritin labelling and subsequent negative staining. AB - A technique for the immunoferritin labelling of antibody participating in virus- antibody complexes has been developed. Complexes were labelled by incubation with the immunoferritin reagent and excess reagent removed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Labelled complexes were then visualised in the electron microscope by negative staining. PMID- 54394 TI - Mixed tumors of the skin of the salivary gland type: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - The light and electron microscopic features of two mixed tumors of the skin of the salivary gland type demonstrate eccrine differentiation of the epithelial component. The tumors were made up of tuboalveolar spaces lined by an eccrine duct type of epithelium with luminal cells showing numerous microvilli. The mesenchymal elements were fibroblasts and chondrocytes embedded in a mucous and chondroid matrix. Groups of undifferentiated cells without eccrine differentiation but with ultrastructural features suggestive of epithelial origin were seen among the mesenchymal and epithelial elements of the tumor. PMID- 54395 TI - Dibutyryl cyclic AMP-induced differentiation of epidermal cells in tissue culture. AB - Histochemical and biochemical techniques have been used to compare the effects of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on epidermal cells and dermal cells in primary tissue culture. Rhodamin B staining showed only scattered positive cells in nontreated epidermal cells and a few contaminating keratinizing cell foci in both nontreated and treated dermal cell cultures. In contrast, treated epidermal cells stained strongly and had many keratinizing cell foci. A significant increase in histidine, cystine, and arginine incorporation was noted in epidermal cells treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP as compared to untreated epidermal cells and to dermal cell cultures both treated and untreated. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP had no significant effect on leucine and phenylalanine incorporation. These results seem to suggest that the intracellular level of cyclic AMP not only controls the synthesis of DNA by epidermal cells in culture but also induces the process of differentiation toward keratinization. PMID- 54396 TI - A new hepatitis B virus surface antigen. AB - A new determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag), g, which is distinct from the previously identified determinants a, d, y, w, and r, was studied. This new antigen tended to be associated with the d antigen; it was found in 97% of ad specimens and in 15% of ay specimens. With few exceptions, the atypical subtypes, adg- and ayg+, were identified in sera from blood donors, but not in sera from patients with acute viral hepatitis; this finding possibly reflects a reduced tendency of these viral strains to evoke a host immune response. The ability to identify g represents a refinement of HBs Ag serotyping that may be of value in the study of the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus. PMID- 54397 TI - Effects of IgM and IgG antibody in patients with bacteremia due to gram-negative bacilli. AB - Earlier studies, which indicated that high titers of O-specific antibody to the patient's infecting organism in acute-phase serum specimens were not associated with a decrease in the frequency of subsequent shock and death in bacteremia due to gram-negative bacilli, were reexamined for evaluation of the protective activity of specific IgG and IgM antibody. Titers of hemagglutination antibody and levels of IgM, determined by indirect immunofluorescent staining of the patient's infecting organism, as well as hemagglutination titers after reduction of serum with 2-mercaptoethanol and IgG levels, correlated closely (P less than 0.001). High titers of IgG antibody to the patient's infecting organism in acute phase specimens were associated with a significant reduction in the frequency of shock and death in bacteremia. In contrast, high titers of IgG antibody were not associated with a diminution in the frequency of shock and death. The previously demonstrated protective activity of antibody to an antigen, Re lipopolysaccharide, shared by most gram-negative bacilli was reconfirmed and shown to be independent of the protective activity of O-specific IgG antibody. PMID- 54398 TI - Approaching the control of viral hepatitis type B. PMID- 54399 TI - Evaluation, surveillance and treatment of panoral leukoplakia. AB - Leukoplakia is well-recognised as a premalignant condition of the oral mucosa. Despite many attempts to produce definitive laboratory tests for the prediction of those cases of premalignant leukoplakia which may undergo malignant transformation, there is as yet no fool-proof method of clinical and laboratory assessment. The problem is nowhere more manifest than in the management of panoral leukoplakia, especially in frail, elderly and apprehensive patients. In such cases the selection of sites for biopsy and treatment is often more empirical than logical. The introduction of cryosurgical techniques for the treatment of leukoplakia has enabled the surgeon to eradicate panoral white patches in a more conservative fashion. The application of a diagnostic nuclear staining test using toluidine blue dye, coupled with local exfoliative cytology, has provided a system for evaluation and surveillance of panoral leukoplakia which is clinically simple and at least as reliable as any predictive test previously described. PMID- 54400 TI - The effects of intra-arterial bleomycin therapy on squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Biopsy and autopsy examinations. AB - The results of a clinico-pathologic study of 7 cases of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity are presented, which were treated by intra-arterial perfusion of bleomycin. In 5 cases, no histologically vital residual tumour could be found locally after therapy. The tumour area shows advanced fibrosis, and ulcerated areas have re-epithelized. The tumour cells are devitalized by keratinisation, while simple necrosis plays a minor role. Following the keratinisation there is a marked resorptive granulomatous inflammation with giant cells typical of a foreign body reaction and fibrous organisation. The special type of reaction of the tumour cells with keratinisation seems to be important for biopsy examinations and for therapeutic considerations. It explains the therapeutic success in highly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas with a tendency for keratinisation. For the first time a "cell-specific, cytocidal" therapy seems to be possible. Previous or simultaneous therapy with methods which might cause a de-differentiation of the tumour, seems to be harmful. Also with intra-arterial perfusion the lung must be considered as the target for the most serious side effects. In one case a bleomycin-induced lesion of the lung was the cause of death, in 4 cases a bronchopneumonia. Although in all cases the therapeutic chances and the prognosis were poor, 4 patients were cured of the tumour. One patient has lived without recurrence or metastases of the tumour for 20 months. PMID- 54401 TI - New staining technique for intraerythrocytic fetal globin. PMID- 54402 TI - Proceedings: The testosterone 5alpha-reductase of human hyperplastic prostate. PMID- 54403 TI - A teaching bank of audiovisual materials for family practice. AB - Although increasing emphasis has been placed in recent years on the production and use of audiovisual materials in medical education, little work has yet been done on the identification and application of these materials in family practice teaching programs. This paper describes the content, uses, limitations, and initial experience of a Teaching Bank developed to support family practice teaching in varied settings. Video cassette and tape-slide units are most useful; audio cassettes alone are less likely to be selected. The evaluation of content, quality, and effectiveness of audiovisual media poses a particular problem. Although audiovisual materials can enhance learning based on different individual learning needs and styles, they cannot stand alone and usually must be supplemented by other teaching methods. PMID- 54404 TI - Immunological relationships of bacterial L-asparaginases. AB - Rabbit antisera against L-asparaginase preparations from Escherichia coli, Erwinia carotovora, Citrobacter sp. and Chromobacterium violaceum showed on immunoelectrophoresis that only the enzymes from E. coli and Citrobacter are immunologically related. Purified preparations had to be used to determine the immunological cross-reactions. Immunoelectrophoresis at different pH values yielded the zero mobility points of the enzymes. The activity of the Er. carotovora preparation was enhanced up to fourfold by homologous antiserum but not by normal sera. Heterologous antisera also enhanced, but only at a higher concentration. Less enhancement was observed for the other enzymes with antisera as well as with bovine serum albumin. Inhibition was not observed. PMID- 54405 TI - Characteristics of the major internal protein and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of bovine leukaemia virus. AB - A virus designated bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), associated with leukaemia in cattle and previously demonstrated to induce the disease in sheep, was purified from chronically infected sheep cell cultures. Electrophoretic analysis showed a major protein of mol. wt. about 24,000 (p24) which reacted in gel diffusion and complement-fixation tests with sera from naturally infected cattle, experimentally infected sheep, and guinea pigs immunized with p24. BLV p24 has an isoelectric point of 8-6. Interspecies antigenic reactivities characteristic of mammalian Type C virus p30s were not detected in disrupted BLV or on p24. Sheep and guinea pig antisera to BLV, reactive with p24, also did not precipitate several Type C virus p30s in radioimmunoassays. BLV is also distinguished from Type C viruses and resembles mouse mammary tumour virus and Mason-Pfezer virus in having an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase which is preferentially active in the presence of Mg++ when synthetic templates are used. Along with previously published morphological data, the above indicates that BLV is not a Type C virus as classically defined. Four hundred and forty one human sera from cancer patients and matched controls were non-reactive with disruped BLV, BLV infected cells, and BLV p24 in complement-fixation tests. PMID- 54406 TI - Detection of simian type-C particles in Mason-Pfizer virus infected cultures. AB - A simian type-C virus has been detected in cultures chronically infected with Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV). Simultaneous budding of M-PMV and type-C virus particles from the same cells was observed in cultures incubated at 37 or 40 degrees C. However, the frequency of such cells was greater in cultures grown at 40 degrees C. Although clusters of type-C viral buds were seen at the surface of the cells, extracellular mature type-C particles in cell pellets or concentrated virus preparations were very rarely found. The increase in frequency of type-C buds was found to be transitory since cultures adapted to growing at the high temperature demonstrated budding type-C particles only occasionally. Cultures producing type-C buds were found to contain, in addition to M-PMV antigens, serological activity with polyvalent antisera produced against multiple structural components of endogenous baboon virus (BV) or simian sarcoma virus (SiSV). The reactivity, however, was found not to be serologically related to the major SiSV P28 core protein. PMID- 54407 TI - Comparison between the effect of colchicine and lumicolchicine on axonal transport in rat motor neurons. AB - The mitotic inhibitor colchicine (COL) and its isomer lumi-colchicine (lumi-COL) were tested on the axonal transport of acetylcholine (ACh), cholineacetyltransferase (CAT) and ACh-esterase (AChE) in rat motor nerves in vivo. COL was found to be far more effective in blocking axonal transport of all 3 substances than was an equimolar concentration (0.1 M) of lumi-COL, when injected into the sciatic nerve. Since COL and lumi-COL have similar properties as regards binding to cellular membranes, but differ markedly in their binding capacity to microtubule protein, the results give strong support for the theory that microtubules are essential for intra-axonal transport in mammalian nerves. PMID- 54408 TI - Are myelin proteins synthesized in retinal ganglion cells? PMID- 54409 TI - The effect of electrical stimulation on the distribution of labelled protein in isolated segments of rabbit vagus nerve. PMID- 54410 TI - A patient-oriented nursing system starting as an interdisciplinary project on the postsurgical service. PMID- 54411 TI - Graphic symbols in an occupational health service. AB - The use of graphics is newly entered in the communications arena and is limited only by the producer's imagination and the clarifying skills of the artist. We described the use of graphics in an occupational health setting, and the basic principles of their development. It is suggested that others using original graphics, or considering their adoption, deposit specimen copies with the Central Symbols Archives. PMID- 54412 TI - Editorial: Signs of the medical times. PMID- 54413 TI - Letter: Indications for chromosome analysis: Effect of new banding techniques. PMID- 54414 TI - Alpha1-antitrypsin in amniotic fluid and cord blood of preterm infants with the respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Total protein, alpha1-antitrypsin, and alpha2-macroglobulin were measured on amniotic fluid in 125 pregnancies between 11 and 42 weeks' gestation, and on the cord blood of 66 newborn infants. Amniotic fluid surface active material was assessed by the foam stability test. Amniotic fluid alpha1-antitrypsin is linearly and directly related to amniotic fluid total protein (r = 0.703, p less than 0.001). The cord alpha1-antitrypsin is also linearly related to cord total protein. Intrapartum complications are associated with a significant lowering of the cord alpha1-antitrypsin. Infants with a negative foam stability test had RDS regardless of the amniotic fluid alpha1-antitrypsin. The cord blood alpha1 antitrypsin value did not appear to be related to amniotic fluid surface active material. There were 23 infants with cord alpha1-antitrypsin of less than 0.2 gm/dl and with an intermediate or positive foam stability test; 19 of them had respiratory difficulties of varying severity. It is conceivable that infants, in spite of apparent adequate prenatal lung surfactant, develop respiratory disturbances on the basis of pulmonary fluid and protein transudation and/or reduction or inhibition of pulmonary surfactant incident to intrapartum complications. PMID- 54415 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of coumarin anticoagulants XV: relationship between pharmacokinetics of dicumarol and warfarin in rats. AB - The distribution, elimination, and anticoagulant effect of dicumarol and warfarin were determined in adult males rats following intravenous injection of single doses of these drugs in crossover experiments. The biological half-life of dicumarol ranged from 5 to 28 hr; that of warfarin ranged from 9 to 30 hr. There was a statistically significant correlation between the following pharmacokinetic characteristics of dicumarol and warfarin in individual animals: biological half life, apparent volume of distribution, total plasma clearance, and concentration in plasma eliciting one-half the maximum anticoagulant effect (effective concentration). The mean ratio of the respective biological half-lives (warfarin/dicumarol) was 1.42, and that of the apparent volumes of distribution was 1.50. The ratio of the effective plasma concentrations (dicumarol/warfarin) was correlated negatively with the half-life of dicumarol and positively with the ratio of the half-life values (warfarin/dicumarol) in individual animals. Additional studies with serum samples from other rats showed pronounced interindividual differences in the serum protein binding of both dicumarol and warfarin and a strong correlation between the protein binding of these two drugs in serum of individual animals. The results of this study, together with the results of previous studies in this series, indicate that serum protein binding is the major determinant of interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics of dicumarol and warfarin in rats under these experimental conditions. PMID- 54416 TI - The influence of fasting and stress on the response of rats to warfarin. AB - A study was undertaken to investigate the influence of fasting (24 hours), epinephrine (four 0.25 mg/kg s.c. doses at hourly intervals), adrenocorticotropin (two 40 I.U. s.c. doses at 2-hour intervals) and immobilization stress (4 hours) on the response of rats to some coumarin or indanedione anticoagulants. The anticoagulants were always administered first and were followed immediately or within the next hour by the appropriate challenge. Fasting produced a significant enhancement of the antiprothrombin response to warfarin (0.5 mg/kg i.v. or 0.75 3.0 mg/kg s.c.), bishydroxycoumarin (7.5 mg/kg i.p. or 10 mg/kg s.c.) and phenindione (40 mg/kg p.o). Epinephrine and immobilization stress, but not adrenocorticotropin, similarly prolonged the prothrombin time after warfarin (0.75-3.0 mg/kg s.c.). When used in the absence of anticoagulants, all challenges had no effect on the prothrombin time. In addition, fasting did not affect the response of anticoagulated animals to vitamin K. Plasma free fatty acids were significantly increased by the various challenges. The binding constant of warfarin to undiluted plasma proteins were decreased from the control value by a factor of 1.7 and 2.0 as a result of immobilization stress and fasting, respectively. Fasting per se increased the amount of bound endogenous free fatty acids per mole of protein; the latter parameter was further increased in the presence of warfarin. The present data show that fasting and stress enhance the anticoagulant response to warfarin and suggest that this might be due to an interference of endogenous free fatty acids with binding of warfarin to plasma proteins. PMID- 54417 TI - Proceedings: The use of the episcope for projecting "live" recordings. PMID- 54418 TI - Proceedings: A method for displaying the effect of altering the constants of a function and an application to the problem of maintaining steady blood concentrations. PMID- 54419 TI - Proceedings: Flourescent staining of acetylcholine receptors in living muscle cells. PMID- 54421 TI - The value of screening in paediatrics. PMID- 54420 TI - Dissociation between nerve-muscle transmission and nerve trophic effects on rat diaphragm using type D botulinum toxin. AB - Small doses of botulinum toxin can produce partial blockage of transmitter release at the nerve--muscle junction. 2. Subthreshold e.p.p.s, 3--10 days after poisoning, show a distribution of amplitudes that is fitted by Poisson statistics. Successive e.p.p.s. in a short train show a marked facilitation. 3. Two weeks or more after poisoning with a dose of toxin that paralyses the whole muscle, when nerve--muscle transmission is in course of recovery, subthreshold e.p.p.s have an amplitude distribution that is fitted by binomial statistics. This property of transmission is similar to those described in newly formed nerve -muscle junctions, during embryogenesis or regeneration. 4. Muscle fibres with subthreshold transmission in the 5--10 day group of muscles were all supersensitive to ACh, as were a number of fibres in which nerve stimulation still produced an action potential. 5. Two weeks or more after poisoning, muscle fibres with subthreshold transmission had lost their extrajunctional ACh sensitivity, as had many fibres with m.e.p.p.s of roughly normal frequency but no response to nerve stimulation. 6. In diaphragm muscles poisoned with botulinum toxin between 1 and 4 days previously, the rate of fast axonal transport of radioactively labelled proteins down the phrenic nerve is not greatly affected, but the amount of materials carried is reduced to about one quarter of normal. These labelled proteins accumulate in the intramuscular portion of the phrenic nerve, in or near the nerve terminals, to a much greater extent than in controls, showing that the normal release of some of these materials has been prevented by the toxin. 7. It is concluded that the blockage of the trophic effects of nerves by botulinum toxin is due to a blockage of release of trophic factors other than ACh. 8. The muscle nerve cannot maintain a muscle in its normal state simply by activation of contraction, and a regenerating nerve terminal can restore a muscle towards its normal state before it can release enough ACh to produce muscle contraction. PMID- 54422 TI - The application of long- and short-term progestagen treatments for oestrous cycle control in heifers. AB - Progestagen-impregnated pessaries were inserted into 205 heifers on eight farms. Treatments were either pessaries only for 20 days or pessaries for 10 days combined with an intramuscular injection of 250 mg progesterone+7-5 mg oestradiol benzoate on the day of insertion. Pessary retention was low (86.7%) over the 20 day period, but high (93-6%) during the 10-day period. Calving rates of heifers inseminated in oestrus following the 20-day treatment were low, while those of heifers inseminated on a fixed-time basis with the 10-day treatment were slightly higher than those of control heifers. PMID- 54423 TI - Effect of long- and short-term intravaginal progestagen treatments on synchronization of oestrus and fertility in heifers. AB - A total of 273 Herford cross heifers were treated with intravaginal progestagen pessaries to determine some of the factors affecting oestrous response and fertility following long-term (20-day) and short-term (10-day) treatments. Oestrous response and degree of synchronization were high after treatment for 20 days, but the fertility rate was lower than that of control heifers. There was no difference in the fertility of heifers inseminated artificially and those mated naturally. When the treatment period was reduced to 10 days and 900 mg progesterone and 5 mg oestradiol valerate given intramuscularly at the start, a high oestrous response and a low degree of synchronization resulted, but the conception rate was similar to that of the control animals. Reducing the dose of progesterone to 250 mg resulted in a high oestrous response and a high degree of synchronization. The stage of the cycle at the start of the 10-day treatment did not affect the oestrous response. Retention of the progesterone pessary was low (79-9%) in heifers treated for 2- days, but was 100% in those treated for 10 days. PMID- 54424 TI - Block of hamster fertilization by anti-ovary antibody. AB - Antibody produced in rabbits against hamster ovary blocked fertilization of golden hamster eggs in vitro by binding to the surface of the zona pellucida and rendering it impenetrable to spermatozoa. The antibody was also effective in blocking fertilization in vivo. An intraperitoneal injection of the antibody into females resulted in the complete inhibition of fertilization for approximately 12 days, i.e. three oestrous cycles. This temporary sterility was apparently due to the binding of the antibody to the zona pellucida of oviducal and ovarian oocytes, and dot due to a failure of sperm ascent or capacitation in the female genital tract. Neither the oestrous cycle nor ovulation was affected by the antibody injection. PMID- 54425 TI - Effects of in-vitro treatment of boar spermatozoa with TEPA on the fertilization and development of pig eggs. PMID- 54426 TI - Stereochemical analogs of a muscarinic, ganglionic stimulant. 2. Cis and trans olefinic, epoxide, and cyclopropane analogs related to 4-[N-(3 chlorophenyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-butynyltrimethylammonium chloride (McN-A-343). AB - Preparation of analogs of 4-[N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamoyloxy]-2 butynyltrimethylammonium chloride [1 (McN-A-343)], cis- and trans-4-[N-(4 chlorophenyl)carbamoyloxy]-2-butenyltrimethylammonium iodides (5 and 6), and the corresponding epoxides and cyclopropanes is reported. Pharmacological testing for ganglion-stimulating activity demonstrated that the trans olefin 6 and trans epoxide 8 have properties similar to 1, while the trans cyclopropane analog 10 was inactive. All cis compounds were inactive. The muscarinic ganglion stimulating properties of the active compounds are interpreted in terms of similar fit at the receptor level by the alkyltrimethylammonium ion and the ether oxygen 5.7 A distant, as well as an electron-rich center midway between groups in the form of a double bond or unshared electron pairs. Comparison of smooth muscle and ganglion-stimulating properties of the compounds showed that trans epoxide 8 was the most selective for muscarinic ganglionic sites. PMID- 54427 TI - Stereochemical analogs of a muscarinic, ganglionic stimulant. 3. 2,3-Substituted bicyclo(2.2.1)hept-5-enes and -heptanes related to 4-(N-(3 chlorophenyl)carbamoyloxy)-2-butynyltrimethylammonium chloride (McN-A-343). AB - Preparation of analogs of 4-[N-(3-chlorophenyl)carbamoyloxy]-2 butynyltrimethylammonium chloride (1, McN-A-343), the isomeric 2 trimethylammoniomethyl-3-[N-(4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyloxymethyl]bicyclo [2.2.1]hept-5-ene iodides (10-13), and the corresponding -bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane iodides (14-17) are reported. None of the compounds demonstrated ganglion stimulating activity similar to 1 or antagonized the effects of 1. PMID- 54428 TI - Advances in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 54429 TI - Partial characterisation of an inhibitor of streptolysin O produced by bacterial growth in serum. AB - An inhibitor of streptolysin O is generated in human and animal sera by the growth of certain organisms. The ability to do this occurs most often in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (in 90% and 86% of strains respectively), but in only 32% of Staph. epidermidis strains. The inhibitor is not formed in broth. The effect appears slowly on incubation, with maximum activity after 4-7 days. Evidence suggests that two enzymes are involved, an esterase which splits ester-bound cholesterol and a proteolytic enzyme which partially hydrolyses lipoprotein, resulting in cholesterol remaining attached to protein or polypeptide fractions but with some alteration of its spatial configuration such that it is now capable of attaching to streptolysin O. The inhibitory factor appears to prevent streptolysin becoming attached to cholesterol receptor sites on the erythrocyte membrane. Removal of the precursor from serum with magnesium carbonate suggests that low-density lipoproteins may be the precursor of the inhibitor. PMID- 54430 TI - Factors determining the susceptibility of mice to experimental phycomycosis. AB - Various factors influencing the susceptibility of C3H mice to lethal infection by the phycomycete Absidia ramosa were examined. Mice 19-21 days old were exposed to graded doses of A. ramosa spores by various routes. After intravenous inoculation with doses in excess of 10(3) viable units, a variable proportion of mice developed lethal phycomycosis of the central nervous system within 2-8 days. The proportion of mice affected was related to the inoculum size, doses of 5 X 10(7) spores producing lethal infection in 90-100% of the mice. The disease was characterised by signs of involvement of the central nervous system appearing 8 12 h before death. At necropsy, fungal hyphae, frequently surrounded by infiltrations of mononuclear cells, could be demonstrated in the brain. Lesions were also often present in the kidneys; in other organs they were rare, but the presence of viable fungal spores could be detected by cultural procedures. Subcutaneous inoculation of A. ramosa spores did not produce lethal infection but intraperitoneal inoculation occasionally did so. Direct intracerebral inoculation invariably produced lethal infection even with very small doses of spores. The clinical and histopathological features of the disease were almost identical with those resulting from intravenous inoculation. Pre-inoculation treatment with azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and antithymocyte serum did not increase susceptibility. Susceptibility was increased by injections of zymosan, aggregared gamma-globulin, cortisone acetate and Fe(II) salts and by reticuloendothelial blockade. These treatments increased the proportion of mice developing lethal phycomycosis of the central nervous system, and in the case of cortisone acetate, also promoted disseminated infection. It was concluded that the natural resistance of mice to A. ramosa infection was probably dependent upon the activity of phagocytic cells, possibly acting in conjunction with complement and other non-specific serum factors. PMID- 54431 TI - Simultaneous fluorescence and conductance studies of planar bilayer membranes containing a highly active and fluorescent analog of gramicidin A. PMID- 54432 TI - Analysis of platelets from patients with thrombocythemia for reverse transcriptase and virus-like particles. AB - A preliminary analysis of an RNA-directed DNA polymerase was made and a C-type virus-like particle was identified in platelets from 2 patients with the myeloproliferative disorder thrombocythemia (primary, essential, hemorrhagic, or idiopathic thrombocythemia). Platelet homogenates were centrifuged through a sucrose equilibrium density gradient. Both endogenous and exogenous DNA polymerase activity was found at a density of 1.19 g/ml. No activity was seen at comparable densities in control gradients. Electron micrographs of thin sections of these platelets revealed a particle with the morphologic characteristics of a C-type virus; however, the diameter of this particle was about 80 nm, slightly lower than that commonly found for C-type particles. Critical-point dried specimens, from the fractions of the sucrose gradient at which DNA polymerase activity was found, contained particles of the same size and morphology as those in the thin sections. PMID- 54433 TI - Factor supprossing alpha1 fetoprotein production. AB - The injection of sera of adult mice or of a 20% extract of small and large intestine, liver, kidney, spleen, thymus, and lungs of adult mice suppressed the alpha1 fetoprotein production in syngeneic newborn recipients. Extracts of the striated muscles of adult mice had a meager inhibitory effect. Extracts of mouse embryonic intestine and those of the while embryo without the gastrointestinal tract had almost negligible amounts of suppressing factor. The possible role of humoral factors regulating the synthesis of embryonic antigens for the control of tumor growth was discussed author... PMID- 54434 TI - Assay in the mouse for delayed-type hypersensitivity to murine leukemia virus. AB - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), assayed by footpad swelling, was induced in 6- to 8-week-old BALB/cCr mice immunized with formalin-inactivated, sucrose banded murine type-C viruses. The DTH response was inducible with as little as 11.25 mug sensitizing antigen, was greatest after sc sensitization as compared to im and ip sensitization, and was optimally elicited with a 7-day challenge. A statistical evaluation of the DTH assay revealed that the test was consistently reproducible and limited only by biologic variability of the mouse and the standardization of the antigen preparation. The DTH response was specific for type-C virus subtypes because it could distinguish the Rauscher strain of murine leukemia virus from AKR leukemia virus when the challenge antigen was extracted with Tween 80-ether. Immunized mice that gave DTH responses were resistant to challenge with exogenous, live murine leukemia viruses. PMID- 54435 TI - An ether-sensitive antigen associated with bovine leukemia virus infection. AB - An ether-sensitive antigen (es-Ag) associated with bovine leukemia virus infection was detected by immunodiffusion tests. This antigen was sensitive to ether, sodium periodate, and trypsin treatment. Based on column chromatography, es-Ag was a larger molecule than that of ether-resistant antigen (gs-Ag). With infection, precipitating antibody against es-Ag developed earlier than the precipitating antibody against the gs-Ag. PMID- 54436 TI - Cellular microcytotoxicity in human tumor systems: analysis of results. AB - Using the tritiated-proline microcytotoxicity assay with cultured target cells, we tested a large series of melanoma, breast cancer, and bladder cancer patients for the presence of cell-mediated immunity. Specific, disease-related activity was infrequently observed, since the patients' lymphocytes exhibited selective activity against both disease-related and non-disease-related target cells. Most normal controls also demonstrated selective activity against these target cells. Neither the length of time the target cells had been cultured in vitro nor technical aspects of the assay, including the lymphocyte preparation methods, seemed to account for our results. We concluded that the experimental design of these tests may be the critical factor responsible for many of the disparate results being observed in different laboratories. PMID- 54437 TI - In vitro activation, infectivity, and production of endogenous type-C virus from OM rats. AB - T24C, a continuous cell line derived from the pooled thymic tissue of normal inbred OM rats, spontaneously produced type-C virus. The virus genome was expressed cyclically. The amount of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RDP) and the number of 1.14 g dense particles/ml fluctuated simultaneously with cultivation. The released virus, RPT24C, did not infect cell lines from the rat, mouse, dog, or human. T31, also a rat thymus line, during its 2.5 years of cultivation did not produce type-C virus. Cocultivation with potentially permissive lines did not rescue any virus. 5-lodo-2'-deoxyuridine treatments at earlier passages yielded negative results. Chemical treatment at passages 111, 116, 123, and 128 yielded varying amounts of 3H-uridine incorporation at a sucrose density of 1.14 g/ml. Enzyme assays on chemically treated T31 cultures tested at passage 111 showed a small but transient burst of RDP activity. T31-B, a subline of T31, which was frozen and thawed once, released rat type-C virus spontaneously at passage 56. Two additional sublines of T31 (NI-T31 and NII-T31) were maintained for 2.5 years in culture without any cell-dispersing treatment. NI-T31, but not NII-T31, spontaneously released type-C virus. Once induced, the type-C viruses from T31-B and NI-T31 were continuously produced. PMID- 54438 TI - In vitro inhibition of cell-mediated cytotoxicity against syngeneic Friend virus induced leukemia by immunoregulatory alpha globulin. AB - Immunoregulatory alpha-globulin (IRA) derived from normal human plasma decreased cytotoxic reactivity as measured by an in vitro 5-iodo-2'-deoxyridine release assay of immune mouse lymphocytes against the syngeneic Friend virus-induced leukemia, FBL-3. This inhibitory effect depended on the dose of IRA used and was not due to the cytotoxic effects of IRA on the effector cells or target tumor cells. We also found elevated levels of serum alpha-gloubins in FBL-3 tumor bearing mice as compared to normal mice. These data and the demonstration of decreased specific cytotoxic reactivity in FBL-3 tumor-bearing mice suggest that IRA functions in the suppression of the host's immune response against tumors. PMID- 54439 TI - Tracheobronchial and pulmonary cytologic changes in shock. AB - Smears were made from tracheobronchial washings of patients undergoing general endotracheal anesthesia for surgery. Morphologically abnormal histiocytes were noticed in specimens obtained from subjects during hemorrhagic shock. These cells were overloaded with Papanicolaou stain (a greenish orange compound) which compressed the nucleus against the cell membrane. Cytochemical staining methods were undertaken to discover the composition of this substance. In secretions suctioned from ten patients in shock, large numbers of histiocytes were found to have ingested inorganic iron detectable by the Prussian blue method. Only two patients from a matched control group had smears in which this phenomenon was discovered. The maximum proportion of histiocytes containing Prussian blue granules was 40% for patients in shock and only 2% in normal controls. Histologic studies conducted on rats submitted to hemorrhagic shock were carried out to investigate this phenomenon. Iron-laden histiocytes were found in the kidneys, spleen, and lungs of both shocked and control animals. However, substantially more histiocytes containing Prussian blue positive granules were discovered in the lungs of rats in shock than in controls. It may, therefore, be that iron is deposited in the lungs in low flow states. PMID- 54440 TI - A negative staining-carbon film technique for studying viruses in the electron microscope. III. The formation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional crystalline arrays of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus. PMID- 54441 TI - Synthesis of long, representative DNA copies of the murine RNA tumor virus genome. AB - Virions of Moloney murine leukemia virus can synthesize two classes of DNA molecules complementary to their 70S RNA. One class consists of molecules about 200 nucleotides long, which are of limited sequence complexity; these molecules are formed preferentially if the dNTP concentration during the reaction is low. The second class consists of very heterogeneous DNA molecules with weight-average size of about 1,000 nucleotides containing at least 70% of the viral RNA sequences in approximately equal concentration. The longest of these molecules can be 5,000 nucleotides long. This second class of DNA is formed in large amounts only in reactions containing dNTP concentrations of 0.2 mM or higher. In such reactions after 24 h of incubation, at least 35% of the input RNA is represented in DNA copies. The ability to make long, representative DNA transcripts of tumor virus RNA provides a source of excellent probes for molecular hybridization. PMID- 54442 TI - Induction of type C virions from normal rat kidney cells by 2-deoxy-D-glucose. AB - The sugar 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) induced the release of type C virions from an established line of normal rat kidney (NRK) cells. Within 20 h after the addition of 5 mg of 2-DG per ml to exponentially growing NRK clutures, more than 80% of the cells expressed the mammalian type C virus interspecies-specific antigen (p30) as determined by indirect cytoplasmic immunofluorescence. Maximal virion release occurred 1 to 2 days after 2-DG was added for 24 h to the growth medium although a low level of virion production was detected as early as 2.5 h after 2 DG treatment. Studies with inhibitors of RNA synthesis indicated a requirement for de novo RNA synthesis after the addition of 2-DG. Sensitivity of NRK cells to type C virion induction was limited to a relatively short period of in vitro growth and preceded spontaneous virion release by 8 to 10 subculture generations. A model is presented for the sequential derepression of latent type C virus information in serially propagated NRK cells. PMID- 54443 TI - In vitro transcription of 70S RNA by the RNA-directed DNA polymerase of Rouse sarcoma virus: lack of influence of RNase H. AB - The influence of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-associated RNase H on the in vitro synthesis of DNA by the RSV RNA-directed DNA polymerase was determined under conditions whereby RNase H activity was selectively inhibited with NaF. Not only were we unable to detect any effect on the size, structure, or genetic complixity of the DNA product synthesized in the absence of RNase H activity, but the displacement of DNA from the 70S RNA:DNA hybrid structures was also unaffected. The suitability of 70S RNA:DNA hybrid structures synthesized in vitro to serve as a substrate for RNase H is discussed. PMID- 54444 TI - Species and interspecies radioimmunoassays for rat type C virus p30: interviral comparisons and assay of human tumor extracts. AB - The major internal protein, p30, of rat type C virus (RaLV) was purified and utilized to establish intra- and interspecies radioimmunoassays. Three rat viruses were compared in homologous and heterologous intraspecies assays with no evidence of type specificity. The only heterologous viruses to give inhibition in these species assays were the feline (FeLV) and hamster (HaLV) type C viruses; these reactions were incomplete and required high virus concentrations. An interspecies assay using a goat antiserum prepared after sequentially immunizing with FeLV, RD 114, and woolly monkey virus p30's and labeled RaLV p30 was inhibited by all mammalian type C viruses, although preferentially by RaLV, FeLV, and HaLV. Thus, as in a previously reported assay developed with HaLV p30, rat, hamster, and cat p30's seem more closely related to each other than to mouse type C virus p30. High levels of specific antigen were found in all cell lines producing rat virus, whereas embryonic tissues from several rat strains and cell lines considered virus-free based on other tests were negative for p30. Rats bearing tumors containing Moloney murine sarcoma virus (RaLV) did not contain free circulating antibody to RaLV p30. Fifty-one human tumor extracts (including two tumor cell lines) were tested for activity in the RaLV species and 47 in the interspecies assays after Sephadex gel filtration and pooling of material in the 15,000- to 40,000-molecular-weight range. At a sensitivity level of 7 ng/ml (0.7 ng/assay) in the interspecies assay, all human tissues, with one exception, were negative. The one positive result is considered nonspecific based on proteolysis of the labeled antigen. Input tissue protein of the purified tumor extracts averaged 1.9 mg/ml with a range of less than 0.025 to 22 mg/ml. Tissues from NIH Swiss mice processed in the same manner were positive in the interspecies assay but negative in the intraspecies RaLV assay. PMID- 54445 TI - In vitro viral transformation of human prostatic carcinoma. AB - Cell cultures derived from fetal human and prostatic adenocarcinoma were inoculated with SV40 virus. Within 6 weeks in vitro morphologic transformation occurred, after which the cells proliferated rapidly. They exhibited the SV40 T antigen by immunofluorescence and survived propagation beyond the limited lifespan of uninfected cultures. We suggest that this may be a useful technique in establishing stable cell lines of human prostate. PMID- 54446 TI - Immunogenetic factors in preeclampsia and eclampsia. Erythrocyte, histocompatibility, and Y-dependent antigens. AB - Determination of ABO and HL-A antigens and sex ratio of infants born to 46 women with preeclampsia or eclampsia, in comparison with normal controls, disclosed no predominant blood group, HL-A haplotype, or qualitative difference in maternal fetal incompatibility. These results suggest that a link between immunologic mechanisms and the pathogenesis of toxemia syndromes, if present at all, must be associated with feto-placental tissue-specific antigens. PMID- 54447 TI - Letter: Intravesical bleomycin in bladder cancer. PMID- 54448 TI - [Radioisotope diagnosis of liver neoplasms with 57Co-bleomycin, with special reference to primary liver neoplasms]. PMID- 54449 TI - [CEA, AFP, CPALP (Nagao) in a male patient with gastric carcinoma metastatic to the liver (author's transl)]. PMID- 54450 TI - Potentiation by phosphatidylserine of calcium-dependent histamine release from rat mast cells induced by concanavalin A. PMID- 54451 TI - Role of preoperative administration of bleomycin and radiation in the treatment of esophageal cancer. AB - The preoperative use of Bleomycin (BLM) alone or combined with irradiation in the treatment of esophageal cancer was evaluated in 58 patients who underwent surgical removal of the lesion for the past three and a half years. Histologic study showed such preoperative treatment is effective in inducing favorable changes in neoplastic cells in 69 per cent (40/58) of the primary lesions and in a significant number of involved lymph nodes of the second or the third groups. The study clearly suggests that preoperative Bleomycin administration combined with irradiation may be an useful adjunct preoperative procedure in esophageal cancer. PMID- 54452 TI - [Ventricular fibrillation in acute phase of myocardial infarct. 1. Relationship between the development of ventricular fibrillation in myocardial infarct and previous rhythm disorders]. AB - The author analyses the results of experimental studies in dogs and cats, that included a continuous recording of ECG, electrogram and monophase cardiac potentials during 1 hour following coronary artery ligation. The ligation caused bradycardia, but no correlation was found between the degree of bradycardia and the development of extrasystole and ventricular fibrillation. Extrasystole developed in 100% of the experiments in which the coronary artery ligation resulted in ventricular fibrillation, and in 66% and 87% of those without this complication, conducted in dogs and cats respectively. The rate of extrasystole proved important for the prognosis of fibrillation. The number of extrasystoli noted during the mean time of the development of fibrillation was 5 times higher in the experiments with ventricular fibrillation than in those without fibrillation. In the experiments with fibrillation the extrasystoli tended to occur earlier within the cardiac cycle. Of the total number of extrasystoli, grouped extrasystoli comprised 89% in the experiments with ventricular fibrillation, and 21%--in those without fibrillation. Ventricular tachystystole was noted in 50% of the experiments with fibrillation and in 17% of those without this complication. In the experiments complicated by fibrillation the period of ventricular tachysystole was characterized by a gradual shortening of the cardiac cycles. PMID- 54453 TI - [Muscular neurotisation in traumatic abducens paresis (A new method of operative treatment) (author's transl)]. AB - Traumatic abducens pareses occur quite often. The methods of operation known until now often achieved no good functional result. Therefore the authors experimentally tried to reinnervate by means of "musculr neurotisation" in 10 rabbits an extraocular muscle previously denervated. After 6 months the histological examination revealed the presence of newly germinated medullated nerve fibers and motor end plates. This was the proof that eye muscles may be reinnervated. Consequently in 5 patients with traumatic abducens paresis an implantation of the inferior oblique muscle was done. The functional improvement secured by this method of operation which for the first time has been applied on the human eye was good, in some cases even extremely good, depending on the time elapsed between lesion and operation. PMID- 54454 TI - Urinary proteins in Sprague-Dawley rats with chronic progressive nephrosis. AB - By means of polyacrylamide concentration and electrophoresis on cellulose acetate strips, protein fractions have been determined in the urine of male Sprague Dawley rats from 6 1/2-28 mo of age. An increasing percentage of albumin was expressed in the albumin/globulin ratios of 0.72, in a group of rats excreting a mean concentration of 1.91 mg/ml of protein in the urine, and 2.24 in a group of rats excreting, on the average, 17.62 mg/ml. A relative decrease in globulin, particularly of the alpha2 fraction, was shown. From a statistical model based on the regression parameters for 24-hr protein excretion and urine protein concentration, it was estimated that the doubling time for protein excretion was 3.2-3.69 mo. This interval is roughly one-half that reported for the Wistar rat. PMID- 54455 TI - [Cytological diagnosis of the initial forms of lung cancer (literature survey)]. PMID- 54456 TI - [Cytological diagnosis of malignant testicular neoplasms]. PMID- 54457 TI - [Role of cytological methods in diagnosis of bronchial lesions in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 54458 TI - [Acid phosphatase of leukocytes in children with exacerbation of recurrent and chronic broncho-pulmonary disease]. PMID- 54459 TI - [Modern automatic (rapid) methods of blood cell measurement]. PMID- 54460 TI - [Methods of determination of primary bleeding time]. PMID- 54461 TI - [Characteristics of use of the method of determination of aldosterone excretion at the early postoperative period]. PMID- 54462 TI - [Method of determination of somatotropin level in blood plasma with L-dopa loading in patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by microangiopathies]. PMID- 54463 TI - [Quantitative characteristics of kallikrein content in the body]. PMID- 54464 TI - [Comparative characteristics of enzymatic methods of determination of blood serum urea]. PMID- 54465 TI - [Method of control of administration of different tuberculostatic preparations by means of urine analysis with a single reagent]. PMID- 54466 TI - [Test for lithogenic properties of bile]. PMID- 54467 TI - [Extraction of individual proteins from the polyacrylamide gel with the aid of electrophoretic elution]. PMID- 54468 TI - [Differentiation of viruses of the tick-borne encephalitis complex]. PMID- 54470 TI - [Despheral test in diagnosis of iron stores in patients with rheumatoid polyarthritis]. PMID- 54469 TI - [Rapid method of determination of residual moisture of dry biological products]. PMID- 54471 TI - [Electrocoagulography (EC) as a method of diagnosis of disorders of the hemostatis system in hypertensive disease]. PMID- 54472 TI - [Method of determination of total 17-ketosteroids and their fractions]. PMID- 54473 TI - [Method of preparation of chromatographic plates with a thin cellulose layer]. PMID- 54474 TI - [Preparation for fixation of the layer in thin-layer chromatography]. PMID- 54475 TI - [Voltage control board in electrophoretic analysis of proteins in the polyacrylamide gel on different units]. PMID- 54476 TI - [Usefulness of preserved donor blood for cultivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 54477 TI - [Serotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with the aid of niacin reaction]. PMID- 54478 TI - [Method of preparation of paper bands for determination of niacin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 54479 TI - [Modification of the method of differential intracellular staining of living and dead Mycobacteria]. PMID- 54480 TI - [Method of acceleration of microbial reproduction]. PMID- 54481 TI - [An improved tissue homogenizer]. PMID- 54482 TI - [Gastro-duodenal (duodenal) intubation--indication, technic and evaluation of the results]. PMID- 54483 TI - [Practical method simultaneous extraction of pure fibrinogen and thrombin from blood plasma]. PMID- 54484 TI - [Thromboelastographic method of determination of plasminogen proactivator, antiactivator, and antiplasmin activity]. PMID- 54485 TI - [Determination of 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid by a nonenzymatic method and levels of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and ATP in the erythrocytes of patients with chronic lympholeukemia]. PMID- 54486 TI - [Use of microelectrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel for the study of the proteins of embryonal tissues]. PMID- 54487 TI - [Activity of alkaline phosphatase and its placental isoenzymes in normal and prolonged pregnancy]. PMID- 54488 TI - [Extraction of phytohemagglutinins by means of specific precipitation using thyroglobulin]. PMID- 54489 TI - [Plan of standardization of the micromethod of complement fixation for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 54490 TI - [Use of some sorbents in the immunofluorescence reaction with absorption (RIF abs) in the serodiagnosis of syphilis]. PMID- 54491 TI - [Rapid reaction for the serodiagnosis of syphilis in the patients of somatic hospitals]. PMID- 54492 TI - [Method of 2-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis]. PMID- 54493 TI - [Quantitative determination of beta-galactosidase activity in enterobacteria]. PMID- 54494 TI - [Beta-galactosidase activity of Shigella]. PMID- 54495 TI - [Study of the ability of Shigella sonnei and flexneri to inactivate antibiotics]. PMID- 54496 TI - [Combined use of rivanol in the media with antibiotics in the isolation of Shigella]. PMID- 54497 TI - [Method of bacteriologic diagnosis of Proteus in intestinal infections in children]. PMID- 54498 TI - [Comparative data for the determination of the quality of the nutrient media for the diagnosis of cholera by means of cultures of Vibrio cholerae of various ages]. PMID- 54499 TI - [Method of determination of free hemoglobin in blood serum and urine]. PMID- 54500 TI - [Method of obtaining the contents of the stomach]. PMID- 54501 TI - [Stomach tube for complex study]. PMID- 54502 TI - [Modification of the method of determination of glycoproteins in the protein fractions of blood serum obtained by paper electrophoresis]. PMID- 54503 TI - [Use of the iodine test for the purpose of detection of hypergammaglobulinemia in chronic viral hepatitis and other chronic infections]. PMID- 54504 TI - [Comparison of some methods of preservation of ascorbic in the urine]. PMID- 54505 TI - [Value of the immunofluorescence reaction in the diagnosis of syphilis by study of the cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 54506 TI - [Punch for the stimultaneous production of a large number of holes in agar]. PMID- 54507 TI - [Characteristics of colicinogenotypes in Shigella sonnei]. PMID- 54508 TI - [Utensils for the equipment of the staining table]. PMID- 54510 TI - Adriamycin and bleomycin--real additions to current chemotherapy. PMID- 54509 TI - Some carmine substitutes in biological microtechnique. PMID- 54511 TI - In vitro modification of histocompatibility antigens by hepatic extracts. PMID- 54512 TI - Synthesis of adenosine triphosphate by way of potassium-sensitive phosphoenzyme of sodium, potassium adenosine triphosphatase. AB - The sodium and potassium ion pump is an intrinsic enzyme of plasma membranes. In these experiments it was driven backward in a transient two-step operation involving, first, phosphorylation of the enzyme from inorganic phosphate, and second, transfer of the phosphate group from the enzyme to ADP upon addition of a high concentration of Na+. There was no evidence of a significant concentration gradient across the membranes. Na+ presumably reached the solutions on both faces of the membrane simultaneously and provided the energy for synthesis simply as a consequence of ligand binding. An interaction free energy between the free energy of the binding of Na+ and the free energy of hydrolysis of the phosphate group on the enzyme was estimated. The experiments also suggested a feature of the transport mechanism. This is control by phosphorylation of access pathways from the solutions in contact with the faces of the membrane to an active center for cation binding. In the dephosphoenzyme access would be to the intracellular solution and in the phosphoenzyme access would be to the extracellular solution. PMID- 54513 TI - Fixation of Celestin tube to the anterior abdominal wall. A new technique. AB - Palliative intubation in the management of an unresectable carcinoma of the esophagus can be accomplished by "push through" or "pull through" techniques. The most frequently encountered complication is tube dislodgment-proximal or distal migration. Dislodgment occurs more freqeuntly with the "push through" tubes such as the Souttar tube than with the "pull through" tubes such as the Celestin tube. The incidence of migration reported for the "pull through" tubes varies from 3 to 14 per cent. In order to prevent migration, we sutured the tube to the anterior abdominal wall in 6 patients. The sixth patient developed a gastrocutaneous fistula and fasciitis at the point of anterior abdominal wall fixation. In the next 4 cases, we used a two-suture technique, in which no single suture passed from the gastric lumen to the anterior abdominal wall fascia. The Celestin tube was fixed to the gastric wall over a Dacron felt pledget and this pledget was then anchored to the rectus fascia. This technique has prevented both migration of the tube and complications related to gastric perforation. PMID- 54514 TI - Classification of cardiac dysrhythmias. PMID- 54515 TI - Intracerebral haemorrhage. Accuracy of computerised transverse axial scanning in predicting the underlying aetiology. AB - The diagnostic accuracy of computerised transverse axial tomography in predicting the pathology underlying cases of nontraumatic intracerebral haematoma has been reviewed. A 160 X 160 matrix was used and the scans of one hundred patients whose diagnoses had been confirmed by either angiographic or post-mortem examination were studied. In the absence of any clinical information a diagnosis of either cerebral aneurysm or primary intracerebral haemorrhage could be made with an accuracy of 90%. The haematomas most likely to be misinterpreted are those associated with angiomas and tumours, and these two lesions were responsible for six out of the ten incorrect diagnoses. In predicting the site of a ruptured aneurysm accuracy ranged from 100% for those involving the anterior cerebral artery complex to 66% for those few haematomas associated with aneurysms of the internal carotid/proximal middle cerebral artery aneurysm complex. PMID- 54516 TI - Pharyngeal lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios in newborn infants. AB - Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios were measured on hypopharyngeal secretions from newborn infants within 6 h of birth. L/S ratios of 1.8 or less correlated with the development of the idiopathic respiratory-distress syndrome. Low L/S ratios were more common in the shorter gestation infants, and there was a predominance of L/S ratios of more than 1.8 above 32 weeks' gestation. In multiple births, the first-born of triplets and quadruplets had higher L/S ratios than those subsequently born. This may indicate a link between fetal lung maturation and the onset of labour. PMID- 54517 TI - Prostaglandin E and F concentrations in human endometrium after insertion of intrauterine contraceptive device. AB - The prostaglandin (P.G.) content of endometrium from fourteen women was examined before and 1-5 months after insertion of an intrauterine contraceptive device. A statistically significant increase in P.G.E but not P.G.F was observed. The P.G.E concentration increased in eleven to fourteen cases and fell in three. The P.G.F content increased in five cases and fell in eight. PMID- 54518 TI - Apparatus for patient-controlled administration of intravenous narcotics during labour. AB - The intermittent intravenous administration of narcotic analgesics had advantages over intramuscular administration, but is often impracticable. The design of a prototype apparatus is described, from which analgesic, pethidine, can be self administered intravenously during labour. The apparatus consists of a syringe pump and control system from which the patient can demand an increment of analgesic. The minimum interval between increments and the dose of the increment are preset. A demand for analgesia is only successful when the patient passes a reaction-time test, subsequently modified. The apparatus has been used by forty two mothers in labour. The mean total dose self-administered (2.2 mg/kg) was well within the prescribed limits, suggesting that mothers regulated their demand. The apparatus appears acceptable and safe in labour. The apparatus will probably be of value in comparative studies of analgesics. PMID- 54519 TI - Virus-like particles demonstrated by freeze-squeeze technique in acute-phase serum of patients with HBAg-negative hepatitis. AB - Electromicroscopy of fluid, squeezed from excised and frozen precipitation lines obtained by immunoelectrophoresis in agarose gels of acute-phase sera from patients with HBAg-negative hepatitis, revealed particles of 22, 27, and 31-41 nm. These precipitates and particles were not present in normal human sera and disappeared from the sera of the patients after recovery. These particles were still demonstrable after two years' storage at -20 degrees C. PMID- 54520 TI - Gentamicin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin, and tobramycin by virtue of the production of a drug-inactivating enzyme. Attempts to establish the cellular location of the genetic determinants for enzyme synthesis have given equivocal results. PMID- 54521 TI - Editorial: Ban the ban. PMID- 54522 TI - Editorial: Immune neutropenia. PMID- 54523 TI - Editorial: Interruption of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 54525 TI - Editorial: Gonoshasthaya Kendra. PMID- 54524 TI - Editorial: Sarcoidosis and leprosy. PMID- 54526 TI - Editorial: Injecting the painful shoulder. PMID- 54527 TI - Acute bacterial meningitis in childhood. Incidence and mortality in a defined population. AB - Cases of acute bacterial (excluding tuberculous) meningitis and meningococcal infection, occurring in children under 10 years of age in the North-West Metropolitan region between 1969 and 1973 have been studied retrospectively by case-note review. The risk of having an acute meningococcal infection was estimated to be 1 in 1090, and that of having an attack of haemophilus meningitis to be 1 in 1500, but the age of 10 years. The case-fatality rates for meningococcal infection, haemophilus meningitis, and pneumococcal meningitis were 10.9%, 5.7%, and 16.4% respectively. Meningitis was not diagnosed in life in 26 of 94 fatal cases (28%). PMID- 54528 TI - Melioidosis antibodies in Commonwealth soldiers. AB - Titres of melioidosis haemagglutinating antibodies of 1/40 or more were found in 18 of 905 British, Australian, and New Zealand soldiers serving in West Malaysia. Previous mild unsuspected melioidosis seemed to be responsible for these positive titres, which were more common in men exposed to surface water at work and during recreation. This accords with the current view that soil and surface water is the normal habitat of Pseudomonas pseudomallei, the causal organism. Pyrexia of unknown origin after arriving in Malaysia was significantly more common in men with titres of 1/40 or more than in the remainder. It is suggested that mild melioidosis may present as pyrexia of unknown origin. Pyrexias of unknown origin should be investigated vigorously in patients who are in or who have visited endemic areas. PMID- 54529 TI - Letter: Impending heart-attacks. PMID- 54530 TI - Letter: Paracetamol hepatotoxicity. PMID- 54531 TI - Letter: Maternal nutrition and low birth-weight. PMID- 54532 TI - Letter: Fluphenazine decanoate. PMID- 54533 TI - Letter: Abuse of non-amphetamine appetite suppressants. PMID- 54534 TI - Letter: Salbutamol aerosol in premature labour. PMID- 54535 TI - Letter: Reversal by physostigmine of clozapine-induced delirium. PMID- 54536 TI - Letter: D-penicillamine and haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 54537 TI - Letter: Short-course chemotherapy of tuberculosis. PMID- 54538 TI - Letter: Cancer xenografts in nude mice. PMID- 54539 TI - Letter: Short-course triple chemotherapy for tuberculosis. PMID- 54540 TI - Ultrasound and human-placental-lactogen screening early detection of twin pregnancies. AB - In the past five years gradual introduction of ultrasonic screening of pregnant women increased the ante-partum detection of multiple pregnancy from 60% in 1971 to 95% in the first half of 1975. At the same time the average gestational age for dection of multiple pregnancies diminished from thirty-three to twenty-five weeks. The corresponding figures for 1963 were 32% and thirty-six weeks. Plasma human-placental-lactogen concentrations were assessed for their value in selecting a smaller target group for subsequent ultrasonic screening. All but 2 of 39 twin pregnancies examined by single H.P.L. determinations had H.P.L. values more than 1 S.D. above the mean of the normal distribution. The use of plasma H.P.L. screening might lower the proportion of patients requiring ultrasonography for antepartum diagnosis of multiple pregnancies to 16% of the total pregnant population. PMID- 54541 TI - Letter: Osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 54542 TI - Letter: Osteoporosis of ageing. PMID- 54543 TI - Letter: Pitting test and transfusion requirements. PMID- 54544 TI - Letter: Concentrates of clotting-factor IX. PMID- 54545 TI - Letter: Ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole and clomiphene. PMID- 54546 TI - Letter: Chemotherapy after mastectomy. PMID- 54547 TI - Letter: Late complications of sterilisation. PMID- 54548 TI - Letter: Hepatitis-B antibody in polymyalgia rheumatica. PMID- 54549 TI - Letter: Immunoglobulin E in rectal mucosa of patients with proctitis. PMID- 54550 TI - Letter: Influenza vaccine and P.P.D. skin-test reactivity. PMID- 54551 TI - Letter: Insulin resistance during continuous insulin infusion. PMID- 54552 TI - Letter: Model for gastric cancer epidemiology. PMID- 54554 TI - Letter: Cold and tic douloureux. PMID- 54553 TI - Letter: Weight-gain in infancy and development of juvenile diabetes mellitus. PMID- 54555 TI - Letter: Endothelial cells and factor VIII-related protein. PMID- 54556 TI - Letter: Screening for neural-tube defects. PMID- 54557 TI - Letter: Amniotic alpha-fetoprotein and omphalocele. PMID- 54558 TI - Letter: Successful pregnancy and advanced renal failure. PMID- 54559 TI - Letter: Psychogeriatric patients who die in hospital. PMID- 54560 TI - Letter: Breast examination in obese patients. PMID- 54561 TI - Letter: Normalisation and SI units. PMID- 54562 TI - Letter: Diminished T.S.H. secretion during acute non-thyroidal illness in untreated primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 54563 TI - Letter: Inheritance of susceptibility to histocompatibility-associated disease. PMID- 54564 TI - Letter: Red-cell changes in hypothyroidism. PMID- 54565 TI - Gordon Barrett Mitchell-Heggs. PMID- 54566 TI - Intensive antenatal plasmapheresis in severe rhesus isoimmunisation. AB - Intensive antenatal plasmapheresis can significantly lower Rh-antibody levels in the blood of mothers carrying babies severely affected with rhesus haemolytic disease. Twenty-seven out of forty-four mothers were successfully delivered of babies that survived, after being treated with a combination of plasmapheresis and intrauterine transfusions. A further 52 mothers were treated by plasmapheresis along. When severe disease developed as an early stage in pregnancy the results were rather poor, but excellent results were obtained when severe disease developed relatively late in pregnancy. No serious complications were encountered in the mothers or babies. PMID- 54567 TI - Familial male breast cancer. AB - Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast occurred in a total of six men from two families. In one family specimens from three men who had prophylactic mastectomies revealed focal intraductal hyperplasia, suggesting a familial tendency toward proliferation of mammary-duct epithelium. In the other family, benign and malignant breast lesions also developed in several women. Preliminary data suggest elevated urinary oestrogen excretion in three men from these families, implicating a defect in oestrogen production or metabolism in the pathogenesis of male breast neoplasms. PMID- 54568 TI - Letter: Bell's palsy and herpes-simplex infection. PMID- 54569 TI - Letter: Clinical examination on versus mammography. PMID- 54570 TI - Letter: Potential pitfalls in bioassay of serum-gentamicin. PMID- 54571 TI - Letter: Splenic atrophy and thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 54572 TI - John Bruce. PMID- 54573 TI - Roger Francis Tredgold. PMID- 54575 TI - Joshua Samuel Horn. PMID- 54574 TI - Harold William Burge. PMID- 54576 TI - Meir Yoeli. PMID- 54577 TI - Philip Braham Stock. PMID- 54578 TI - Oral disopyramide in prophylaxis of arrhythmias following myocardial infarction. AB - Oral disopyramide given prophylactically following myocardial infarction has been compared with placebo in a double-blind trial using continuous-tape monoriting of the electocardiogram. It caused a significant reduction in the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and of the various degrees of heart-block. There was a significant reduction of reinfarction during hospital stay in patients who had received disopyramide. Disopyramide appears to be a safe and effective oral therapy in the prevention of potentially serious arrhythmias following myocardial infarction. PMID- 54579 TI - Effect of low-dose heparin prophylaxis on arterial oxygen tension after high laparotomy. AB - The effect of low doses of heparin (5000 units of sodium heparin every 12 hours for 5 days) on arterial oxygenation was studied in 24 patients in the postoperative period after upper abdominal surgery. Another 24 patients served as a control group. The arterial oxygen tension was the same in both groups preoperatively and was equally significantly reduced during the 1st postoperative day. During the 2nd day, oxygen tension rose in the heparin-treated group to values which no longer differed significantly from the peroperative level. In the control group the significant reduction persisted until the 4th postoperative day. The arterial carbon-dioxide tension did not differ between the groups, neither did it vary significantly between days. There were no clinical signs of large pulmonary embolism during the postoperative period, chest X-ray was normal in all patients examined and a photoscan was normal in 23 of 24 subjects studied. Low-dose heparin treatment may apparently shorten the period of postoperative hypoxaemia, probably by counteracting both large pulmonary emboli and microthromboembolism. PMID- 54580 TI - Soluble fibrinogen/fibrin complexes in pre-eclampsia. AB - Significantly increased concentrations of soluble fibrinogen/fibrin complexes were found in plasma samples from ten normal pregnant women when compared with ten non-pregnant age-matched controls. In ten women with pre-eclampsia mean soluble complex concentration was more than three times that in the age, parity, and gestation matched pregnant controls. Soluble fibrinogen/fibrin complexes are also found in the plasma of patients in various hypercoagulable and thrombotic states, including disseminated intravascular coagulation. These findings provide additional evidence that pre-eclampsia is associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 54581 TI - Acute lethal carditis caused by high-dose combination chemotherapy. A unique clinical and pathological entity. AB - An acute lethal myopericarditis has been observed in four out of fifteen patients receiving high-dose combination chemotherapy which includes cyclophosphamide 45 mg/kg/day for four days. In all cases the myopericarditis occurred 5-9 days after the initiation of chemotherapy, with dyspnoea, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, fluid retention, decreased voltage on electrocardiography, and pericardial effusion documented by echocardiogram, and progressed in 2 to 6 days to a fatal low-output state despite vigorous treatment. In three of the four patients, necropsy was permitted and revealed the unique pathological finding of fibrin microthrombi in capillaries, fibrin strands in the interstitium, and fibrin strands within the heart-muscle cells. PMID- 54582 TI - A simplified assessment of response to parathyroid hormone in hypoparathyroid patients. AB - Hightly purified bovine parathyroid hormone (B.P.T.H) was given by injection and/or infusion to six normal volunteers and to patients with surgical hypoparathyroidism (five cases), idiopathic hyparathyroidism (five cases), or poeudo-hypoparathyroidism (six cases). Infusion and injection of B.P.T.H. produced very similar patterns of response in plasma adenosine 3' 5' cyclic monophosphate (cyclic A.M.P.) In all six normal volunteers and in the patients with surgical (five cases) or idiopathic (four cases) hypoparathyroidism who had injections of B.P.T.H., plasma-cA.M.P. had risen significantly within 5 min and the peak response was genereally observed 10 min after injection of hormone. In the five pseudohypoparathyroid patients who received injections of B.P.T.H., plasma-c?A.M.P. concentration increased only slightly or not at all after the hormone was administered. Unlike the traditional test for the investigation of hypocalcaemia, the test described here does not require collections of urine samples. PMID- 54583 TI - Antibodies to herpes-simplex virus in "normal" cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Thirty samples of cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) obtained during routine myelography were examined for antibodies against herpes-simplex virus (H.S.V.) by antibody-mediated cell-dependent immune lysis. Antiviral antibody was found in the C.S.F. of all ten patients who were subject to recurrent cold sores. Thirteen of the twenty patients who denied or could not recall any previous herpetic infection had a serum antibody, and nine of them also had C.S.F antibody. All patients with C.S.F. antibody also had serum antibody. These results support the suggestion the H.S.V. antibodies may be responsible for maintaining the latency of H.S.V. PMID- 54584 TI - Acute diabetic abdomen in childhood. AB - Three children presented as acute surgical emergencies due to undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Where diabetic ketoacidosis mimicks the acute abdomen three clinical features are important in reaching the right diagnosis-namely, a history of polydipsia, polyuria, and anorexia preceding the abdominal pain, the deep sighing and rapid respirations, and severe dehydration. PMID- 54585 TI - Treatment of stress-induced upper gastrointestinal/hemorrhage with metiamide. AB - The H-2-blocking antihistamine metiamide was used to treat 14 episodes of bleeding from the stomach or duodenum in eleven patients. In 11 instances bleeding was due to erosive gastritis or duodenitis and bleeding promptly ceased after one or two doses of 300 mg at 6 h intervals and did not recur as long as the drug was continued. In the 2 instances in which bleeding continued, chronic ulcers had eroded into major blood-vessels. There were no complications from the drug even in five patients with severe bone-marrow suppression after renal transplantation. Metiamide seems to be a safe and highly effective agent in the control of bleeding due to erosive gastritis. PMID- 54586 TI - Does phenylethylamine cause schizophrenia? AB - The model psychosis associated with amphetamine overdosage is known to bear a close resemblance to acute paranoid schizophrenia. Amphetamine is chemically similar to the endogenous sympathomimetic amine, phenylethylamine, which possess many of its pharmacological properties. It is suggested that some cases of schizophrenia may be associated with an abnormal phenylethylamine response, either from increased concentrations of the amine or from abnormal receptor sensitivity to it. PMID- 54587 TI - Editorial: Prophylactic povidone iodine. PMID- 54588 TI - Editorial: Corticosteroids and the fetus. PMID- 54589 TI - Editorial: Irradiation of volunteers in medical research. PMID- 54590 TI - Editorial: Arresting myopia. PMID- 54591 TI - Editorial: Fluorides and health now. PMID- 54592 TI - Editorial: Incurable patients. PMID- 54593 TI - Editorial: Oral immunisation and antibodies in milk. PMID- 54594 TI - Editorial: Handicapped school leavers. PMID- 54595 TI - Pregnancy: Nature's experimental system. Transient manifestation of immunological diseases in the child. AB - Major advances in knowledge of immunological diseases have resulted from observation of transient effects on children borne by women with such diseases. The discoveries that in Graves' disease and myasthenia gravis there are IgG antibodies directed against receptors sites are examples of such developments, while "ikiopathic" thrombocytopenic purpura is now accepted as immunological owing to its behaviour during pregnancy. In some instances observations of transient neonatal forms do not correspond with the disease manifestations in the mother. These discrepancies may be due to surgical removal of an organ vital to the disease process; inactivating damage by the disease to such an organ; presence of a blocking antibody of a molecular type not transferred across the placenta; differing tissue-antigen specificity or differing lymphocyte cooperation based on genetic variation. At present there are unexplained observations of fetal/neonatal effects in relation to diabetes mellitus and systemic lupus erythematosus which suggest that study of immunological parameters might be profitable. Determination of the HLA status of mother/fetus pairs may give rewarding clues. In the elucidation of the diseases now proven as antibody mediated in the antibodies first discovered often turned out to be irrelevant red herrings. PMID- 54596 TI - Long-stay patients with long-stay drugs. A case review; a cause for concern. AB - The psychotropic medication of 200 long-stay psychiatric patients was reviewed by the consutant in charge of the ward, the ward doctor, and the ward sister. Those patients in whom medication was altered or stopped were reassessed by the same team after 6 months. About half the patients on medication had been receiving unnecessary or excessive medication. PMID- 54597 TI - Letter: Health: A demystification of medical technology? PMID- 54598 TI - Letter: Comparison of different insulin regimens in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 54599 TI - Letter: Treatment of inoperable carcinoma of bronchus. PMID- 54600 TI - Letter: Survival in acute myeloid leukemia. PMID- 54601 TI - Letter: Joint Committee on Higher Medical Training: enrolment and accreditation. PMID- 54603 TI - Letter: Pay beds. PMID- 54602 TI - Letter: Nucleus hospitals. PMID- 54604 TI - Letter: Pacemakers: the long-term cost. PMID- 54605 TI - Letter: Isocaloric diets and sleep. PMID- 54606 TI - Letter: Joint effusions and practolol. PMID- 54607 TI - Letter: Pleural effusions after practolol. PMID- 54608 TI - Letter: How do doctors learn about drugs? PMID- 54609 TI - Letter: Allergic reactions to cis platinum. PMID- 54610 TI - Letter: Diuretic-induced oedema. PMID- 54611 TI - Letter: Treatment of unpolar depression. PMID- 54612 TI - Letter: Zinc deficiency and disturbances of mood and visual behaviour. PMID- 54613 TI - Letter: Aetiology of cellular immune deficiency in acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 54614 TI - Letter:Intravenous B.C.G. in monkeys and man. PMID- 54615 TI - Letter: Antibody production in preclinical Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 54616 TI - Letter: Labetalol and clonidine in severe hypertension. PMID- 54617 TI - Letter: S.L.E. and Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 54618 TI - Letter: Transfusion of macrophages between LD-incompatable subjects? PMID- 54619 TI - Letter: Propranolol-decreased noradrenaline excretion and alcohol withdrawal. PMID- 54620 TI - Letter: Do changes in blood levels of other aromatic aminoacids influence levodopa therapy? PMID- 54621 TI - Letter: Nerve grafting in leprosy. PMID- 54622 TI - Letter: Child-mother transmission of rotavirus. PMID- 54623 TI - Letter: Lymphocyte response to paramyxovirus antigens in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 54624 TI - Letter: Breast cancer arising in thoracotomy scars. PMID- 54625 TI - Letter: Inhibition of mitosis of maternal lymphocytes by fetal cells. PMID- 54626 TI - Letter: Lung-function test by airflometer at simulated altitude. PMID- 54627 TI - Letter: Probable in-vitro cultivation of human reovirus-like agent of infantile diarroea. PMID- 54628 TI - Letter: Bilateral renal agenesis and serum alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 54629 TI - Letter: Biopterin derivatives in atypical phenylketonuria. PMID- 54630 TI - Letter: Grandmothers shouldn't be pregnant. PMID- 54631 TI - Influenza at Christ's Hospital: March, 1974. AB - Boys in a boarding-school given inactivated influenza-A or influenza-B vaccine have been observed during a simultaneous outbreak of influenza due to A/Port Chalmers, B/Hong Kong, and B/Intermediate strains. Influenza-B vaccine conferred substantial protection, the attack-rates in boys given B vaccine being 24% compared with 45% in a control group. A/Hong Kong vaccine, by preventing infection during the previous influenza A/England outbreak, left the boys vulnerable to influenza A/Port Chalmers. Influenza-A haemagglutination-inhibiting (H.I.) antibody acquired by natural infection was associated with more protection than H.I. antibody induced by vaccination. This difference was not seen with influenza-B H.I. antibody. PMID- 54632 TI - Mycoplasma T strains and perinatal death. AB - In 23 out of 290 perinatal deaths in Addis Ababa, mycoplasma T strains were the only organisms responsible for congenital pneumonia and death. All but 2 of the infants were stillborn, 16 dying during the last six weeks of gestation. Infections apparently occurred through intact fetal membranes. PMID- 54633 TI - Specific B-cell antigens associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy and dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - Gluten-sensitive enteropathy (G.S.E.) and dermatitis herpetiformis (D.H.) are associated with an increased frequency of the histocompatability antigen HLA-B8. These diseases were found to be even more strongly associated with a specific B lymphocyte surface antigen recognised by maternal antisera. Two antisera (B-1 and W-1) reacted with B lymphocytes form G.S.E. and D.H. patients. Antiserum B-1 reacted with cells from thirteen of sixteen G.S.E. patients and from fifteen of nineteen D.H. patients, while antiserum W-1 reacted with cells from fifteen of sixteen G.S.E. patients and from fifteen of fifteen D.H. patients. None of the sera tested reacted with B lymphocytes from thirty-seven normal individuals, whether or not they were HL8-B8 positive. The identification of this specific antigen provides further insight into the pathogenesis of G.S.E. and D.H. and might form the basic of a diagnostic test for these diseases. PMID- 54634 TI - Controlled trial of cysteamine in treatment of acute paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning. AB - A randomised controlled trial of the use of intravenous cysteamine in the treatment of severe paracetamol poisoning has been performed. Thirty-eight patients presenting 3-17 h after ingestion were admitted to the trial; of these eighteen received cysteamine. Two patients died from hepatic failure, one in each treatment group. Analysis of the series as a whole showed no advantage of cysteamine in preventing biochemical abnormalities of liver function except for aspartate aminotranferase and serum ferritin levels, which were significantly less after cysteamine therapy. Separate analysis of the patients treated within 9 h of paractamol ingestion and of those treated 9-17 h after paracetamol ingesion similarly showed no definite advantage of cysteamine. Histological evidence of liver damage showed a possible beneficial effect of cysteamine. Cysteamine therapy did not prevent renal or pancreatic damage. PMID- 54635 TI - Atopic disorders and adult coeliac disease. AB - A history of asthma, hay fever, and flexural eczema was significantly more common in patients with adult coeliac disease (A.C.D.) than in normal controls. Autoantibodies were also more common in A.C.D. First-degree relatives of A.C.D. patients were more likely than controls to have atopic disorders. A deficiency of local mucosal immunity due to abnormal IgA responses may underly this association between A.C.D. and atopy. PMID- 54636 TI - Hyaline-membrane disease, alkaline buffer treatment, and cerebral intraventricular halphaemorrhage. AB - In 55 preterm infants dying from hyaline-membrane disease (H.M.D.) in 1971-74, infants with associated cerebral intraventricular haemorrhage (H.M.D./I.V.H.) had been given more intravascular sodium-bicarbonate solution, but the same proportions of cases with H.M.D. and H.M.D./I.V.H. received bicarbonate at the time of birth. Much of the sodium-bicarbonate solution given to H.M.D./I.V.H. infants was injected in response to the clinical effects of I.V.H. Maximum serum sodium concentrations correlated with sodium-bicarbonate dosage but not I.V.H. The incidence of I.V.H. in preterm infants in 1971-74 was unchanged from 1956-59 when alkaline buffer treatment was not used. These findings do not suggest that sodium-bicarbonate therapy plays a major part in the pathogenesis of I.V.H. PMID- 54637 TI - Breath hydrogen in hyposucrasia. AB - A simple and reliable test for the diagnosis of hyposucrasia is required, since this may be an unsuspected cause of long-standing gastrointestinal disorder. Furthermore little has been done to define the epidemiology of this condition, possibly because of the limitations of multiple blood-sampling. Breath hydrogen (H2) production after lactose ingestion is a reliable test for hypolactasia, and has now been measured after sucrose ingestion in eleven patients with various gastrointestinal symptoms. Six who had normal sucrase activity on jejunal biopsy produced no H2 after taking 50 g of sucrose. No H2 was produced in three patients with borderline hyposucrasia, either after 50 g sucrose or when retested using 100 g sucrose (two patients). However, the two patients with low jejunal sucrase activity showed rises of breath H2, after only 25 g glucose. Breath H2 measurement is a simple, accurate, and non-invasive test for diagnosing gastrointestinal symptoms due to hyposucrasia. PMID- 54638 TI - Magnesium and potassium content of normal heart muscle in areas of hard and soft water. AB - Concentrations of both magnesium and potassium were significantly increased in normal heart muscle samples from an area with a soft water supply compared with matched samples from an area with hard water. The zinc contrentration was also slightly increased in the soft water area. The magnesium/potassium ratio was significantly lower in the softwater area. This relative deficiency of magnesium may increase the risk of death after myocardial infarction in soft-water areas. PMID- 54639 TI - Use of an elemental diet for long-term nutritional support in Crohn's disease. AB - An elemental diet was used for long-term (up to 360 days) nutritional support in eight patients with Crohn's diesease. They had lost 30% (range 18-37%) of their weight in health. A whole-body monitor was used to measure total body potassium as an index of the lean tissue mass. Three preoperative patients who has been unable to maintain their weight on a normal diet were able to restore 10% per month of their lost lean tissue once they were established on an elemental diet. In five patients who had had a successful resection of their bowel lesion the postoperative rate of restoration of the lean tissue mass while taking an elemental diet was 18.5% per month, while in two control postoperative patients on a normal diet it was 19% per month. PMID- 54640 TI - Pathogenesis of enteritis necroticans in Papula New Guinea. AB - It is suggested that enteritis necroticans occurs in the people of the Highlands of Papua New Guinea because they have low levels of digestive proteases in the intestinal lumen. These low protease levels are the result of a low-protein diet and the presence of heat-stable trypsin inhibitors in sweet potatato, the dietary staple. Low proteolytic activity allows the B toxin of Clostridium welchii type C, which is extremely susceptible to proteolysis, to initiate the disease. PMID- 54641 TI - Apparatus for rapid collection of blood-samples for lactate and pyruvate determinations. PMID- 54642 TI - Editorial: Multiple Sclerosis. PMID- 54644 TI - Editorial: Reversible decline. PMID- 54643 TI - Editorial: Ageing and cancer. PMID- 54645 TI - Editorial: Antibiotics for common colds? PMID- 54646 TI - Editorial: A little bit more. PMID- 54647 TI - Editorial: Working with iodine-125. PMID- 54648 TI - Basic science, science, and medical education. AB - It is generally accepted that medical students should learn those stories from the basic sciences which enable medicine to be rational. But there are several reasons why science as an explanatory activity has much more to offer, particularly if the views of Popper are accepted. Unfortunately an appreciation of the nature of science is only accidentally acquired in traditional schools and current forces may well weaken its chances in newer schools. Some of the criticisms levelled at modern medincine which may be attributed to excessive science are misdirected. There is too little science, not too much. PMID- 54649 TI - Mortality from lung cancer and coronary heart-disease in relation to changes in smoking habits. AB - Changes in the type and quantity of cigarettes smoked in the United Kingdom from 1956 to 1971 are compared with changes in the dealth-rates due to lung cancer and coronary heart-disease (C.H.D.) from 1956 to 1973. Associated with a change in filter cigarettes there has been a decrease in lung-cancer mortality among men aged less than sixty years despite little change in the number of cigarettes smoked. In contrast, lung-cancer mortality has increased in women along with their cigarette consumption. C.H.D. mortality has continued to increase in both sexes, but to a greater extent in women. These changes are consistent with the hypothesis that, in tobacco smoke, tar is the principal aetiological factor in lung cancer, whereas carbon monoxide or other gaseous constituents are involved in the development of C.H.D. PMID- 54651 TI - Letter:Ban the ban. PMID- 54652 TI - Letter: Ethics of fluoridation. PMID- 54650 TI - Acute eye disease secondary to contact-lens wear. AB - In a three-month survey of some hospital consultant ophthalmic services, 82 instances of complications of contact-lens wearing were reported. Some of the complications gave rise to discomfort, but in only 5 cases was vision impaired. PMID- 54653 TI - Letter: Protection by cervical smears. PMID- 54654 TI - Letter: Screening for breast cancer. PMID- 54655 TI - Letter: Immunotherapy for acute lymphoid leukemia. PMID- 54657 TI - Letter: Cot death. PMID- 54656 TI - Letter: Breast prostheses. PMID- 54658 TI - Letter: Computer-assisted tomograpy and tuberous sclerosis. PMID- 54659 TI - Letter: Interrelationships between common congenital malformations. PMID- 54660 TI - Letter: Clotrimazole and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 54661 TI - Letter: Prevention of postoperative thromboembolism. PMID- 54662 TI - Letter: Bumetanide. PMID- 54663 TI - Letter: Essential phospholipids and deocycholic acid. PMID- 54664 TI - Letter: Withdrawal of corticosteroids. PMID- 54665 TI - Letter: Interruption of inferior vena cava. PMID- 54666 TI - Letter: Myasthenia gravid, hypothyroidism, and abnormality of lymphocyte function. PMID- 54667 TI - Letter: Pathogenesis of von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 54668 TI - Letter: Abnormal factor-viii-related antigen, von Willebrand disease, and pregnancy. PMID- 54669 TI - Letter: Patient controlled intravenous narcotic administration during labour. PMID- 54670 TI - Letter: Stool characteistics and western diseases. PMID- 54671 TI - Letter: Prenatal diethylstilboestrol exposure and male hypogonadism. PMID- 54672 TI - Letter: Circulating immune complexes in erythema nodosum and early sarcoidosis. PMID- 54673 TI - Letter: Early breast cancer and postoperative irradiation. PMID- 54674 TI - Letter: Protection of peritoneal-dialysis catheter. PMID- 54675 TI - Letter: Hyperlipoproteinaemia and psoriasis. PMID- 54676 TI - Letter: Vitamin-C-induced hyperoxaluria. PMID- 54677 TI - Arthur Dickson Wright. PMID- 54678 TI - Aubrey Rumball. PMID- 54679 TI - Influence of HLA matching and blood-transfusion on outcome of 502 London Transplant Group renal-graft recipients. AB - The outcome of 502 cadaver kidney transplants has been followed for up to six years; these grafts were arranged through the Tissue Immunology Unit of the London Hospital Medical College, the coordinating centre of the London Transplant Group. An analysis of HLA (A and B) recepient-donor matching revealed, as in previous analyses, clear differences (now highly significant) between the best as compared with the lesser matched recipients. A quarter of the patients (group 4 and 3a) had a superior outcome 20-30% greater than poorly matched (2 or less group) which constituted 53% of individuals. The results in the 3b group (28% of patients) were intermediate 10-15% better than the "2 or less antigens in common" group. A small number of recipients mostly 4 or 3 matched who were retrospectively HLA-D matched showed an even better graft survival. The effect of blood-transfusion before transplantation was studied and found to improve the outlook especially in the best-matched groups. No difference was apparent between those receiving less or more than ten units except in a group of patients with cytotoxic antibodies and/or retransplants. This "immunocompetent-presensitised" group had the best outcome provided these recipients had few transfusions and were subsequently well matched. These findings emphasise the continued need for successful collaborative associations, so that improved matching can be achieved which if universally applied would ensure better graft survival for a large number of patients in renal failure. PMID- 54680 TI - First-line chemotherapy in the retreatment of bacteriological relapses of pulmonary tuberculosis following a shortcourse regimen. AB - Totals of 404 Chinese and 778 East African patients with newly diagnosed drug sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis were treated with short-course regiments of antituberculosis chemotherapy. The Chinese received 6-month and 9-month regimens of streptomycin plus isoniazid plus pyrazinamide, and the East Africans 6-month regiments of streptomycin plus isoniazid alone or with a third drug. 28 Chinese and 45 African patients who relapsed with drug-sensitive strains after their short-course regimen were retreated with standard first-line chemotherapy. The Chinese were given every single dose under full supervision, but the Africans the initial phase only. At 12 months from the start of their retreatment, all 28 Chinese and 40 (89%) of the 45 Africans had a favourable therapeutic response on their retreatment regimen. 2 of the 5 East African patients whose retreatment failed were known to have been irregular in taking their drugs. PMID- 54681 TI - Beneficial effects of methylprednisolone "pulse" therapy in diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis. AB - Seven patients with diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis were subjected to highdose intravenous methylprednisolone (pulse) therapy. Following the pulse, five patients with rapidly deteriorating ranal function improved within three days and their serum-creatinine levels returned to baseline by one month. All seven patients demonstrated reversal of severe immunological abnormalities including increased serum D.N.A binding, decreased serum C3 levels, and reduced number of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. This form of therapy may make it possible to maintain patients with lupus nephritis on lower doses of steroids than is normally feasible. PMID- 54682 TI - Leukaemia-associated antigen in serum of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - A antigen (HThy-L) previously found in extracts of human thymocytes and leukalphaemic cells was detected in sera from four patients with E-rosette positive untreated acute lymphoblastic leukalphaemia (A.L.L.) and one patient with previously treated acute myelogenous leukaemia (A.M.L.) The disappearance HYth-L angignaplhaemia with treatment was coindent with a decrease in the number of leukaemic blast cells in the peripheral blood. HThy-L antigen was not detected in the sera of the remaining twenty-one patients with E-rosette-negative A.L.L. and seven patients with A.M.L.. PMID- 54683 TI - IgA deficiency and severe post-vagotomy diarrhoea. AB - Between January, 1969, and December, 1973, 2058 truncal vagotomies were performed in the Merseyside Regional Health Authority area. 14 of these patients subsequently developed severe post-vagotomy diarrhoea and were extensively investigated. 6 were found to have IgA deficiency. It is suggested that antecedent IgA deficiency may account for the varied reported incidence of severe post-vagotomy diarrhoea and that preoperative screening could reduce the incidence of this complication. PMID- 54684 TI - Is vasopressin involved in the pathogenesis of malignant desoxycorticosterone hypertension in rats? AB - Rats with unilateral nephrectomy were offered 1% sodium chloride as drinking fluid and were injected with desoxycorticosterone trimethylacetate (D.O.C. T.M.A.) at weekly intervals. During the fourth to seventh week after the start of the experiment, malignant hypertension developed in most of the animals: body weight fell, reflecting volume depletion; serum osmolality and serum sodium and urea concentrations increased; in the kidneys malignant nephrosclerosis occurred. In such animals, plasma concentrations of arginine-vasopressin were increased ten fold in comparison with control animals; intravenous injection of a specific vasopressin antibody resulted in a transient fall of blood-pressure (B.P.) to normal or subnormal levels, while the injection of an angiotensin-I or angiotensin-II antibody did not affect B.P. In control animals none of the antibodies had an effect on B.P. It is concluded that in the pathogenesis of malignant D.O.C. hypertension vasopressin plays a role similar to that of renin angiotensin in malignant renal hypertension. PMID- 54685 TI - Possible selection of virulent poliovirus strains in Third-World countries. AB - In Kenya for more than twenty years a remarkable periodicity has been observed in the circulation of type-1 poliovirus and in epidemics of poliomyelitis caused by this virus type. Periodicity was less obvious for poliovirus types 2 and 3. Cases of poliomyelitis increased, and this trend was only partly controlled by vaccination. It is postulated that virulent strains of poliovirus became dominant because of selection pressure. It is suggested that this selection pressure occurred earlier in economically developed countries and was partly responsible for the pronounced changes in the epidemiology of poliomyelitis seen in such countries. PMID- 54686 TI - Allelic restriction: a biologic alternative to multifactorial threshold inheritance. AB - Contrary to the argument regarding the conservatism of the multifactorial threshold model for describing the inheritance of congenital malformations, little biological insight has resulted from the series of tautological, albeit grandiose, mathematical assumptions currently comprising the basis for this hypothesis. The working hypothesis of this presentation is to apply the "allelic restriction" model to the genesis of common human congenital malformations. New population data concerning isolated cleft palate closely fit the predictions of the proposed hypothesis. Recognising the heterogeneity of cleft palate as well as other common congenital malformations (namely, the difference between phenocopies, definable syndromes, and true hereditary cases), the "allelic restriction" model accords with the apparent greatly "reduced penetrance" of the heriditary cases. This model is meant to apply only to those congenital malformations which have both a high population frequency and a relatively small number of families showing an atypical type of vertical transmission. PMID- 54687 TI - Editorial: Advances in osteoporosis? PMID- 54688 TI - Editorial: Treatment of acute cholecystitis. PMID- 54689 TI - Editorial: Intrauterine moulding. PMID- 54690 TI - Editorial: An avoidable gap. PMID- 54691 TI - Editorial: Blood filters. PMID- 54692 TI - Editorial: Maternofetal haemorrhage. PMID- 54693 TI - Hypoxic cell sensitisers in radiotherapy. AB - Solid tumours contain poorly oxygenated cells, and these are disproportionately resistant to therapeutic radiation. Several methods of overcoming this problem have been used clinically, including the administration of hyperbaric oxygen during irradiation, radiotherapy with heavy nuclear particles such as neutrons from cyclotrons, optimum size and spacing of multiple doses of conventional radiation, and, most recently, chemical radiosensitisers. These radiosensitisers mimic the sensitising effect of oxygen and are active only against hypoxic cells. They do not, therefore, increase radiation response in well-oxygenated normal tissues. They are not rapidly metabollised and so can penetrate further than oxygen from the vascular capillaries and effectively reach the hypoxic cells in the tumour. Some of these drugs are of considerable clinical promise. The results of in vitro and in vivo studies with radiosensitisers are summarised and preliminary clinical work is described. PMID- 54694 TI - Surgical immunology. PMID- 54695 TI - Letter: Nomenclature of peptide hormones. PMID- 54696 TI - Letter: Toxicity of paracetamol. PMID- 54697 TI - Letter: Pay beds. PMID- 54698 TI - Letter: Pacemakers: the long-term cost. PMID- 54699 TI - Letter: Caesarean section. PMID- 54700 TI - Letter: Interruption of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 54701 TI - Letter: Ectopic pregnancy and the I.U.D. PMID- 54702 TI - Letter: Growth-hormone response to bromocriptine in parkinsonism. PMID- 54703 TI - Letter: Postoperative feeding and metabolism. PMID- 54704 TI - Letter: Bromocriptine and growth hormone. PMID- 54705 TI - Letter: Cancer xenografts in nude mice. PMID- 54706 TI - Lung function test by peak-flow gauge at altitude. PMID- 54707 TI - Letter: Maternal nutrition and low birth-weight. PMID- 54708 TI - Letter: The alcoholic doctor. PMID- 54709 TI - Letter: Cirrhotic glomerulonephritis and secretory immunoglobulin A. PMID- 54710 TI - Letter: IgA deficiency, hypertension, and multicystic renal disease. PMID- 54711 TI - Letter: Ultrasound and safety. PMID- 54712 TI - Letter: Chromosome abnormalities in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. PMID- 54713 TI - Letter: Immunoblactic lymphadenopathy associated with phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin). PMID- 54714 TI - Letter: Caliciviruses in man. PMID- 54715 TI - Letter: Ampicillin resistance in Staphylococci. PMID- 54716 TI - Letter: Antibiosis in skin flora. PMID- 54717 TI - Letter: Leg abscesses caused by Salmonella heidelberg. PMID- 54718 TI - Letter: Escherichia coli K1. PMID- 54719 TI - Letter: Hereditary recurrent haematuria. PMID- 54720 TI - Letter: Oedema in cor pulmonale. PMID- 54721 TI - Letter: Thyroid-hormone levels in protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 54722 TI - Letter: Methyldopa and forgetfulness. PMID- 54723 TI - Letter: Effects of low doses of a dopamine-receptor stimulator in mania. PMID- 54724 TI - Letter: Why do you write. PMID- 54725 TI - Letter: Hepatitis-B immunoglobulin in prevention of HBs antigenaemia in haemodialysis patients. PMID- 54726 TI - Letter: Coagulation disorders after hypertonic-saline abortion. PMID- 54727 TI - Letter: Dental caries and sugar intake. PMID- 54728 TI - Letter: Amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 54729 TI - Letter: Rabies. PMID- 54730 TI - Letter: Thalassaemia trait, abnormal haemoglobins, and raised fetal haemoglobin in Karachi. PMID- 54731 TI - Letter: Chromosome abnormalities in Dupuytren's disease. PMID- 54732 TI - Letter: Lymphocytes in chronic lymphatic leukaemia. PMID- 54733 TI - Letter: Racial differences in maternal serum-alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 54734 TI - Francis Joseph Bach. PMID- 54735 TI - Hamilton Hartridge. PMID- 54736 TI - Parent-to-child and child-to-parent kidney transplants. Experience with 101 transplants at one centre. AB - 101 first transplants were done in patients with end-stage renal disease using kidneys from parents or offspring. All patients were followed up for at least two years, and the absolute two-year patient-survival rate was 88% and the two-year functional-kidney rate was 79%. Actuarial statistics at four years were 82% for survival and 67% for function in the parent-to-child group. In the child-to parent group absolute patient survival was 83% and transplant function was 79% at two years; these results were unchanged at four years. Thus, transplants from parents to children or from children to parents are much the same despite differences in age. There is some advantage in parent-to-child transplants from being female but no advantage in being diabetic, receiving higher or lower doses of antilymphocyte globulin, or sharing more than two HLA antigens with the donor. Mismatched sibling transplants survived approximately as well as did grafts from parents to children and children to parents. These results, taken in concert with the poor results of cadaver transplantation, the relative safety of donation, the high personal motivation to donate in these groups, and the personal satisfaction derived by the donor, strongly support the policy of informing potential recipients of the benefits of parental or offspring kidney donation. PMID- 54737 TI - Sodium excretion and sympathetic activity in relation to severity of hypertensive disease. AB - The relationship between the severity of hypertensive disease and sodium excretion and sympathetic activity has been studied in subjects of the same age and sex derived from screening a total population. 19 untreated subjects with casual blood-pressure (B.P.) above 175/115 mm Hg on two separate occasions made up the hypertensive group. A normotensive group (n =19) was obtained by selecting a 5% random sample from all subjects with casual B.P. below 160/95. Sympathetic activity was determined from noradrenaline excretion and the severity of hypertension assessed by recording resting diastolic B.P., signs of left ventricular hypertrophy on orthogonal E.C.G., and the glomerular filtration-rate. In the hypertensive group the resting B.P. correlated well both with signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and with the glomerular filtration-rate--i.e., the degree of severity of the hypertension. Up to the level of 90 mm Hg resting diastolic B.P., sodium excretion rose in complete agreement with the theory of pressure diuresis. Above 90 mm Hg, however, sodium and noradrenaline excretion fell with increase of B.P. These two findings indicated that with increasing severity of hypertension the sodium balance overrides the sympathetic activity in the long-term regulation of B.P. This may have both prognostic and therapeutic implications. PMID- 54738 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide in insulinomas, gastrinomas, vipomas, and glucagonomas. AB - In 33 patients studied with endocrine neoplasms of the pancreas more than half the tumours contained pancreatic polypeptide (P.P.) producing cells, and a high radioimmunoassayable concentration of P.P. was found in the tumour extracts. Plasma was available from 28 patients, and very high circulating P.P. concentrations were found in 18. The presence of P.P. in hepatic and lymphnode metastases indicates that its production by the primary neoplasm cannot be ascribed to incidental adherence of normal P.P. cells. Measurements of plasma P.P. levels should be a new aid to diagnosis of pancreatic tumours. PMID- 54739 TI - T and B lymphocytes in breast cancer stage relationship and abrogation of T lymphocyte depression by enzyme treatment in vitro. AB - B and T lymphocytes have been measured in 100 women--71 patients with breast cancer and 29 controls--using sheep-erythrocyte rosetting techniques. Compared with controls (healthy women or patients with benign breast disease), there is a highly significant depression of T-cell percentage in all stages of breast cancer except locally advanced (stage 3) disease. These stage-3 cases seem to constitute a biologically distinct group. T-cell percentages in early (stage 1) patients overlap with those seen in stages 3 and 4, raising the possibility that there are in stage 1 two subpopulations of T-cell values that are associated with differences in subsequent tumour progression. B-lymphocyte levels are similar in all groups. Low T-cell levels return to normal after incubation with papain in virto but fall again after resuspending the treated lymphocytes in autologous (cancer) serum. The results suggest that T-cell depression is due to a masking factor on the surface of some T lymphocytes which is also present in the serum of cancer patients, and removable by enzyme digestion. PMID- 54740 TI - Anti-mite measurements in mite-sensitive adult asthma. A controlled trial. AB - A cross-over controlled trial has been conducted among 32 adult patients with mite-sensitive asthma. The bedclothes and pillows of each subject were laundered and vacuum-cleaned and a plastic cover applied to the mattress for six weeks in an attempt to reduce exposure to mites. No improvement in daily peak-flow reading or drug usage was found in comparison with a control period. PMID- 54741 TI - Diarrhoea caused by Candida. AB - Candida proliferation in the gastrointestinal tract was responsible for diarrhoea in six patients. Their common presentation was multiple loose or watery bowel movements, without blood or mucus but sometimes associated with abdominal cramps, and lasting as long as 3 months. Yeast cells were most easily identified by direct microscopic examination of stool specimens. Symptoms disappeared in all patients after 3 to 4 days of oral nystatin therapy. PMID- 54742 TI - Healing of gastric ulcer during treatment with cimetidine. AB - 10 patients with benign gastric ulcer were treated with cimetidine 0-8 to 1-6 g/day for six weeks. Relief of symptoms was rapid. Endoscopy at the end of treatment showed that all the ulcers had healed. Healing was not associated with an improvement of acute atrophic gastritis nor with any change of gastric mucosal potential difference. No untoward clinical or laboratory effects were observed. PMID- 54743 TI - Non-specific cytotoxicity of wheat gliadin components towards cultured human cells. AB - Chromatographically separated fractions of a proteolytic digest of wheat gliadin were assayed for cytotoxic properties using cultured human embryonic intestinal, lung, kidney, adrenal, and HEp-2 cells. In all cell types noxious effects were observed microscopically over a 24 h period. The most active fraction was that previously shown to produce xylose malabsorption in subjects with coeliac disease, disruption of lysosomes, and inhibition of morphological recovery of cultured mucosa from a patient on a gluten-free diet. PMID- 54744 TI - Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, ventricular fibrillation, and antiarrhythmic drugs. AB - It is proposed that the development of ventricular fibrillation in the context of ischaemic heart-disease and myocardial infarction can be related to accumulation of cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (A.M.P.) in the ischaemic zone. The known electrophysiological and metabolic actions of cyclic A.M.P. are consonant with the hypothesis, which also provides a framework for the better understanding of the action of antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 54745 TI - Editorial: Hypertension--the chicken and the egg. PMID- 54746 TI - Editorial: Immunity to Haemoprotozoa. PMID- 54747 TI - Editorial: Liquor licensing. PMID- 54749 TI - Editorial: Education on the periphery. PMID- 54748 TI - Editorial: Ballistocardiography. PMID- 54750 TI - Editorial: How double blind? PMID- 54751 TI - Editorial: Dialysis dementia: aluminium again? PMID- 54752 TI - Editorial: Compulsory detention. PMID- 54753 TI - Editorial: Political pathology? PMID- 54754 TI - Diagnostic x-rays in late pregnancy and in the neonate. AB - A survey has been carried out of current practice of radiology in late pregnancy and in neonates in the U.K. In major hospital centres, up to 34-8% of all pregnancies are still X-rayed, as well as up to 10% of neonates. It is suggested that criteria for X-ray examinations in late pregnancy and of the neonate need closer scrutiny. PMID- 54756 TI - Letter: SI units in medicine. PMID- 54755 TI - Matching quality of agents employed in "double-blind" controlled clinical trials. AB - In an inquiry into the matching quality of preparations employed in double-blind controlled clinical trials, a panel of 4 observers studied 22 pairs of agents used in a sample of such trials, examining features which might make one preparation distinguishable from the other. 5 pairs of substances were an excellent match, being virtually indistinguishable, but in 7 pairs ther were obvious differences, detected by all 4 observers. The preparations used in cross over studies were not specially well matched. Colour differences were most readily detected, followed by taste. The observers differed in their ability to detect differences between pairs of preparations, and 1 panel member was approximately 3 times more successful in doing so than another. PMID- 54757 TI - Letter: Basic sciences, science, and medical education. PMID- 54758 TI - Letter: Cysteamine for paracetamol poisoning. PMID- 54759 TI - Letter: Paracetamol hepatoxicity. PMID- 54760 TI - Letter: Short-course chemotherapy of tuberculosis. PMID- 54761 TI - Letter: Screening for breast cancer. PMID- 54762 TI - Letter: Screening for tuberculosis in patients with pneumoconiosis. PMID- 54763 TI - Letter: Adriamycin in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 54764 TI - Letter: Breast prostheses. PMID- 54765 TI - Letter: Familial male breast cancer. PMID- 54766 TI - Letter: Handicapped school leavers. PMID- 54767 TI - Letter: Down syndrome and thyroid function. PMID- 54768 TI - Letter: Parathyroid hormone and adenylate cyclase. PMID- 54769 TI - Letter: Unipolar affective illness. PMID- 54770 TI - Letter: Fluphenazine decanoate. PMID- 54771 TI - Letter: Shtern and Glezer. PMID- 54772 TI - Letter: Antibiotics for common colds? PMID- 54773 TI - Letter: Elemental diets in Crohn's disease. PMID- 54774 TI - Letter: Potassium-induced stricture of the small bowel. PMID- 54775 TI - Letter: Age-dependent sensitivity to salicylate. PMID- 54776 TI - Letter: Vitamin-C-induced hyperoxaluria. PMID- 54777 TI - Letter: Sarcoidosis among the Irish. PMID- 54778 TI - Letter: Bran and blood-lipids. PMID- 54779 TI - Letter: Coagulation disorders after hypertonic-saline abortion. PMID- 54780 TI - Letter: Clonidine withdrawal. PMID- 54781 TI - Letter: Osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 54782 TI - Letter: Leucocytotoxic effect of levamisole. PMID- 54783 TI - Letter: Levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 54784 TI - Letter: Mitogenic stimulation by levamisole on normal human lymphocytes and leukaemic lymphoblasts. PMID- 54785 TI - Letter: Enterochromaffin cells and coeliac disease. PMID- 54786 TI - Letter: Juvenile diabetes and viruses. PMID- 54787 TI - Letter: Intra-HLA recombinations in juvenile diabetes mellitus. PMID- 54788 TI - Letter: Rising rates of congenital dislocation of the hip? PMID- 54789 TI - Letter: Significance of xanthelasma palpebrarum in the normal population. PMID- 54790 TI - Letter: Electrolyte disturbances in beer drinkers. PMID- 54791 TI - Letter: Concomitant myeloblastic and lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 54792 TI - Letter: Relevance of "significant bacteriuria" to aetiology and diagnosis of urinary-tract infection. PMID- 54793 TI - Albert Sachs. PMID- 54794 TI - Lester Samuels. PMID- 54795 TI - Effect of intravenous prednisolone in asthmatics with diminished adrenergic responsiveness. AB - The beta effects of adrenergic stimulation are often diminished in asthmatics in whom the condition is active. Corticosteroids are thought to lower the threshold of beta-adrenergic receptors to the response of catecholamines. A single intravenous injection of 40 mg prednisolone appeared to restore responsiveness to inhaled isoprenaline in eight out of ten chronic asthmatics who were previously non-responsive to catecholamines. PMID- 54796 TI - Evidence of a viral aetiology in endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. AB - Segemental and focal pathological changes were found in the glomeruli and tubules of postoperative renal-biopsy specimens from seven cases of clinically confirmed endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. In the glomeruli, there was mesangial reaction and segmental thickening of the basement membrane with subendothelial and membranous depositions. In the tubules there was spongiform degeneration and fusion of cells. In all the cells of the nephron numerous cytoplasmic vesicles containing free and budding particles (80-200 nm) were found. These particles had the characteristics of a coronarivus. Balkan nephropathy occurs almost exclusively in people who have been in close contact with pigs. Coronaviruses have been isolated from pigs, and it is suggested that a slow coronavirus infection causes endemic nephropathy in man. PMID- 54797 TI - Platelet abnormalities in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. AB - Abnormal platelet function has been demonstrated in 20 patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. The results are compared to those obtained from 19 matched diabetic patients with no clinical evidence of complications and 20 matched normal control subjects. Platelets from patients with diabetic neuropathy showed an increased sensitivity to the aggregating agents adenosine diphosphate and adrenaline. Spontaneous platelet aggregation was demonstrated in both groups of diabetic patients. PMID- 54798 TI - Endovesical electrotherapy in treatment of urinary incontinence in spina-bifida patients. AB - A total of 20 children with incontinence due to myelomeningocele and 1 due to occult neuropathic bladder underwent a course of endovesical electrotherapy. There was temporary improvement in 1 and more lasting in another, but this was the result of catheterisation and bladder training rather than the electrotherapy. It is concluded that the electrotherapy has helped none of the patients, and no significant change in their bladder function was detected. PMID- 54799 TI - Serum triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine concentrations after surgical operation. AB - Serum-triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations fell rapidly after surgery in six out of seven initially euthyroid patients. Simultaneous increases in reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) concentrations suggested that the peripheral monodeiodination of thyroxine (T4) proceeds by an alternative pathway in the postoperative period. PMID- 54800 TI - Clofibrate-induced muscle damage in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - Muscle weakness and tenderness together with a rise in serum creatine kinase (C.K.) were noted in five uraemic patients treated with 1-2 g of clofibrate ('Atromid-S') daily. Excessive accumulation of both total and free serum chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (C.P.I.B.), the active circulating metabolite after clofibrate therapy, was found in three patients in whom it was sought. It is suggested that chronic renal failure should be regarded as a contraindication to the use of clofibrate for the treatment of any coexisting hyperlipidaemia. If such therapy is contemplated it must be cautiously instituted at low dosage and the patient monitored by regular assessment of serum C.K. and levels of both total and free C.P.I.B. PMID- 54801 TI - Chromosome abnormalities in Dupuytren's disease. AB - Palmar fascia from six men with Dupuytren's contracture has been grown in tissue culture and examined cytogenetically; and in three of these cases skin was also studied. Four of the six cases showed mosaicism, but only in cultures of the fascia; the mosaicism was therefore unlikely to be an artefact. Since the abnormalities were inconsistent and absent from skin-cultures they are very unlikely to indicate any mechanism of inheritance. Similar chromosome abnormalities have been reported from experimentally induced tumours. PMID- 54802 TI - How does blood-pressure cause stroke? AB - In chronic hypertension the specific arterial lesions responsible for brain damage affect the small resistance arteries. The pathological characteristics of these lesions (notably the presence of microaneurysms, intramural fibrin, and lipid) and the location of lesions within the brain all suggest that they arise from mechanical distension, which destroys the integrity of the vessel and allows plasma insudation into the wall (lipohyalinosis), finally leading to occlusion or rupture. The process in analogous to the breakdown in vascular resistance and permeability which occurs in acute hypertension. PMID- 54803 TI - Is early decline of cardiac function in ischaemia due to carbon-dioxide retention? AB - There is no satisfactory explanation for the early and rapid decline of cardiac muscle function in ischaemia. Reduction of the energy source for contraction, A.T.P., is insufficient in magnitude and too slow in onset to be the prime cause. It is proposed that a large part of the loss of function is directly attributable to an immediate fall of intracellular pH and results from the accumulation of carbon dioxide and lactic acid; the intracellular acidosis reduces myocardial function by inhibition of that part of the calcium-ion influx associated with contraction. PMID- 54804 TI - Editorial: Oedema in cor pulmonale. PMID- 54805 TI - Editorial: Bismuth and ulcers. PMID- 54807 TI - Editorial: Absence seizures. PMID- 54806 TI - Editorial: Selective IgA deficiency. PMID- 54808 TI - Editorial: Form and function of the sarcoid granuloma. PMID- 54809 TI - Editorial: Time to return to work. PMID- 54810 TI - Comparison of E.M.I. and radioisotope imaging in neurological disease. AB - A comparison has been made between the information provided by isotope imaging- before and after the introduction of E.M.I.-scanning--and E.M.I.-scanning itself. E.M.I.-scanning is superior to isotope imaging (also called scintigraphy) with the gamma camera and the rectilinear scanner in the amount and quality of information provided. PMID- 54811 TI - The alcoholic doctor. A case of neglect. PMID- 54812 TI - Letter: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 54813 TI - Letter: Acute myelocytic leukeaemia and leukaemia-associated antigen in sisters. PMID- 54814 TI - Letter: Successful pregnancy in acute leukaemia. PMID- 54815 TI - Letter: Philadelphia chromosome in P.H.A.-stimulated lymphocytes in acute leukaemia. PMID- 54816 TI - Letter: Blast-cell transformation in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. PMID- 54817 TI - Letter: Survival in acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 54818 TI - Letter: Dangerous offenders. PMID- 54819 TI - Letter: HLA-B8 in pigeon-fancier's lung. PMID- 54820 TI - Care of the pre-school handicapped. PMID- 54821 TI - Letter: Bumetanide. PMID- 54822 TI - Letter: Epidemiology of birth defects. PMID- 54823 TI - Letter: Diuretic-induced oedema. PMID- 54824 TI - Letter: Phenytoin dosage nomogram. PMID- 54825 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of G.-6-P.D. deficiency. PMID- 54826 TI - Letter: Facts about gluten. PMID- 54827 TI - Letter: Success with lithium in a disturbed child. PMID- 54828 TI - Letter: Down syndrome and thyroid function. PMID- 54829 TI - Letter: Oral sucrose therapy for diarrhoea. PMID- 54830 TI - Letter: A state-registered abortionists? PMID- 54831 TI - Letter: Probenecid and serum-rifampicin. PMID- 54832 TI - Letter: Interspecies transmission of scrapie-like diseases. PMID- 54833 TI - Letter: Monucleosis-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 54834 TI - Letter: Cholesterol-binding capacity and atherogenesis. PMID- 54835 TI - Letter: Virus of infantile gastroenteritis in argentina. PMID- 54836 TI - Letter: Mercaptoethanol-sensitive antibody to reovirus-like agents in acute epidemic gastroenteritis. PMID- 54837 TI - Letter: Vasoactive intestinal peptide in cirrhosis. PMID- 54838 TI - Letter: Danger of aspirin during pelvic irradiation. PMID- 54839 TI - Letter: Experimental myopathy induced by neostigmine methylsulphate. PMID- 54840 TI - Letter: Cimetidine and gastric potential difference. PMID- 54841 TI - Letter: Dobutamine and isoprenaline. PMID- 54842 TI - Letter: Spontaneous lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 54843 TI - Letter: Laboratory-acquired hepatitis B. PMID- 54844 TI - Letter: Screening for breast cancer. PMID- 54845 TI - Letter: Yersinia infection with hepatitis in a physician. PMID- 54846 TI - [Further in-vitro studies on the mechanism of hyperacute xenogenic rejection reaction (HXAR)]. AB - Rat kidneys (donor organs) were perfused in an in-vitro perfusion circuit using blood or modified blood from the dog (recipient). Hyperacute xenogeneic rejection (HXR) in widely divergent species system could even be seen, when preformed natural antibodies were absent. These data presented suggest that this form of HXR is at least partially induced by nonspecific (equals nonimmunologic complement activation, followed by complement mediated disease (liberation of vasoactive and other substances leading to increased permeability. e. g. Anaphylatoxin) of the donor kidneys. PMID- 54847 TI - [Blood picture changes following single and prolonged oral application of ALG in the dog]. AB - Mongrel dogs were orally treated with 20 mg/kg ALG or NHG respectively. A significant decrease of the peripheral lymphocyte count was observed not only during 6 hours after the application of ALG but also during longtime observation. This lymphocytopenia was found to be between 30% and 50%. The effect of ALG after oral administration is smaller than after i. v. application. All other blood cells remained essentially unaffected by ALG as well as NHG. Whereas the efficacy of i. v. applied ALG is reduced by antibody formation, this cannot be expected to the same degree during oral administration, because the antibody formation is markedly reduced by the oral route of application. PMID- 54848 TI - [Determination of intravasal volume loss in arteria mesenterica superior shock in the rat and attempt for adequate substitution therapy]. AB - In ams-shock of rats the weight of the small bowel contents of an animal 310 g of weight increases from 2.5 g to 13.0 g. The fluid loss into the bowel lumen amounts to 10.5 g and exceeds the plasma volume of 9.6 g. Drainage into the large bowel is not taken into consideration. After treatment of the ams-shock with gelatine infusion the weight of the small bowel wall increases significantly for a limited period of time to 3.2 g% body weight compared to normal controls with 2.3 g% body weight. After at least 24 hours the necrotic epithelium of the small bowel is fully recovered. Following ams-shock it is possible by means of gelatine infusion to improve the time and rate of survival significantly and to give support to the theory of volume loss. PMID- 54849 TI - [Storage of histamine in the blood following liberation from liver and antrum through trypsin: protective mechanism or a factor promoting pancreatic shock]. AB - In dogs histamine was predominantly released from liver and antrum by intravenous injection of trypsin. The histamine content of the human liver was found to be high enough to allow the invasion of mg amounts of histamine into the circulation after histamine release. In blood histamine was rapidly taken up by corpuscular elements. At present it cannot be decided whether this mechanism leads to detoxification or to a more powerful action of histamine in the microcirculation. PMID- 54850 TI - The clinical effects of whole body hyperthermia in advanced malignant disease. PMID- 54851 TI - [Role of plasma and gastric histamine under conditions of stress in patients]. AB - In patients with stress bleeding and severe burns, histamine levels in plasma and in gastric juice were significantly elevated compared with a control group (patients with abdominal operations and uncomplicated postoperative course). PMID- 54852 TI - [Histamine liberation in man following plasma substitution with gelatine and dextran: cause of anaphylactic reactions in the hospital?]. AB - After rapid gelatin infusion in many cases a release of relatively small amounts of histamine was observed. Clinical symptoms occured in 5 cases in correspondence to the increased histamine levels, but were relatively harmless. The application of dextran 60 induced anaphylactoid reactions in 2 persons, with death in one case. Plasma histamine level were normal in both cases. Histamine release probably is not the cause of dextrn induced anaphylactoid reactions. PMID- 54853 TI - [Evaluation of results of surgery (author's transl)]. AB - A computerized documentation system for the evaluation of arterial reconstructive procedures has been in practical use within the Austrian Society for Vascular Surgery since 1969. Early and late results of 2103 operations preformed at the 1st Surgical Clinic of the University of Vienna for chronic occlusive disease of the lower extremities are analyzed for function of arterial reconstruction, amputation rate and mortality and the dependence of these on the preoperative stage and the localisation of the occlusion. PMID- 54854 TI - [Carcinoma of the pancreas: palliative surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Among 1146 patients with diseases of the pancreas observed over a 15-year period, there were 234 cases of malignant duodeno-pancreatic tumors. This report concerns the intraoperative diagnostic methods and the various palliative operations available. There was a ratio of 13 males to 10 females, and the average age was 63 years. In 24.3 percent of the patients attempts to establish the diagnosis intraoperatively by puncture or excision were unsuccessful. The cardinal symptom in 71 percent of these cases was icterus. Duodenopancreatectomy was possible only in 21 cases (= 8.9%). In 173 cases (= 75.2% of all patients) a palliative operation was performed. PMID- 54855 TI - [Carcinoma of the pancreas: curative operations (author's transl)]. AB - In 1898 the first radical operation for carcinoma of the pancreas was performed by Codivilla in Bologna. Kausch followed in 1913 and Whipple perfected the technique of duodenopancreatectomy. The central position of the pancreas causes technical difficulties. Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas frequently causes icterus, which quite often limits the primary radical operation. Radical removal of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas is only possible if the limits of the organ have not been passed. Preservation of a part of the pancreas is essential for the metabolism. The average primary mortality of the radical operation is around 25 percent, having fallen significantly in the last few years. The 5-years recovery rate is a bare 10 percent. PMID- 54856 TI - [Carcinochemotherapy in incurable cancer? (author's transl)]. AB - Despite the rapid advances in carcinochemotherapy, the possibilities for the treatment of solid tumors are rather limited, so that the advantages and disadvantages of chemotherapy must be very carefullly considered in each case of incurable cancer. It should also be emphasized that there are several tumor types in which skillfull application of chemotherapy does not only lead to an objective improvement in the clinical findings but also prolongs the patient's life. PMID- 54857 TI - [Diagnostic value of copper, haptoglobin and alpha-2-globulin in the serum of patients with Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 54858 TI - [Whipple's disease: study of 3 cases and epidemiological and radiological remarks]. PMID- 54859 TI - On the origin of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) in the supraoptic crest. PMID- 54860 TI - [Basic features in immunohistological technique (author's transl)]. AB - Light and electron microscopic demonstration of antigens in tissue is possible by means of labelled antibodies. Direct and indirect immuno-fluorescence techniques and recently also the peroxidase method permit a broader application of this principle. The peroxidase technique has the advantage of requiring less equipment and of providing the possibility to obtain durable specimens. The fluorescence technique permits the association of fluorescence phenomena with certain tissue structures by means of secondary "staining", for instance localization of specific hormone production sites. This allows functional morphological deductions in healthy and pathological conditions. Flawless techniques and controls are required before a specific reaction can be acknowledged since auto fluorescence phenomena as well as pseudo-specific and cross-reactions are sources of error leading to wrong conclusions. A standardization of methods must therefore be attempted. PMID- 54861 TI - A rapid and simplified staining of juxtaglomerular granules with aqueous crystal violet. AB - The method described allows staining of juxtaglomerular granules in a deep purple colour against faint purple background and deep purple erythrocytes. Paraffin sections of mouse kidney fixed in 10% formalin buffered with phosphate are brought to water, stained 3 min in 0.01% crystal violet, rinsed in tap water (or stained 3 min in 0.1% crystal violet in NaHCO3, rinsed in 1% NaHCO3), blotted, differentiated in a 1 : 1 aniline-xylene mixture, cleared in xylene and mounted in a resin. PMID- 54862 TI - [Microscopic equipment and methods. General principles, preparation, equipment, dye-stuffs, laboratory]. PMID- 54863 TI - Observations on the relief of pancreatic pain. AB - Disabling pain of pancreatic origin can be relieved by drugs, by direct surgery to the pancreas, or by denervation of the pancreas. The place of each is discussed in the management of pancreatic pain. The special role of a coeliac plexus block in these cases is emphasized and the technique of its performance is described in detail. PMID- 54864 TI - [Proceedings: Disorders of the humoral response]. PMID- 54865 TI - [Proceedings: Clinical pharmacology of anti-arrhythmia agents]. PMID- 54866 TI - [Proceedings: Clinical aspects and therapy of ventricular extrasystole]. PMID- 54867 TI - [The role of chlorazepate dipotassium (Tranxilium) in the therapy of psychosomatic syndromes (author's transl)]. AB - Divided into four groups according to different kind and cause of disorder, 240 patients showing psychosomatic disorders have been treated with chlorazepate dipotassium only or in combination with clomipramine and dihydroergotamine tartrate ambulant or in hospital, depending on the degree of severity of the disorder. With 101 clinically treated cases of cyclothymic depression good results were obtained with combined treatment with chlorazepate dipotassium while reducing the dose of the antidepressant. The same result was obtained with 63 patients suffering from severe neurasthenic exhaustion and 13 patients with general neurodystonic symptoms treated with chlorazepate dipotassium only. The combination of the usual dihydroergotamine tartrate medication with a chlorazepate dipotassium treatment over several months showed longlasting good therapeutic results, confirmed by follow-up examinations, in 31 out of 40 cases with migraine respectively vasomotor headache. In the other nine patients with migraine the complaints persisted only in rare instances. PMID- 54868 TI - Studies on bacteriophage T7 DNA synthesis in vitro. II. Reconstitution of the T7 replication system using purified proteins. AB - DNA synthesis in vitro using intact duplex T7 DNA as template is dependent on a novel group of three phage T7-induced proteins: DNA-priming protein (activity which complements a cell extract lacking the T7 gene 4-protein), T7 DNA polymerase (gene 5-protein plus host factor), and T7 DNA-binding protein. The reaction requires, in addition to the four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, all four ribonucleoside triphosphates and is inhibited by low concentrations of actinomycin D. Evidence is presented that the priming protein serves as a novel RNA polymerase to form a priming segment which is subsequently extended by T7 DNA polymerase. T7 RNA polymerase (gene 1-protein) can only partially substitute for the DNA-priming protein. At 30 degrees C, deoxyribonucleotide incorporation proceeds for more than 2 hours and the amount of newly synthesized DNA can exceed the amount of template DNA by 10-fold. The products of synthesis are not covalently attached to the template and sediment as short (12S) DNA chains in alkaline sucrose gradients. Sealing of these fragments into DNA of higher molecular weight requires the presence of E.coli DNA polymerase I and T7 ligase. Examination of the products in the electron microscope reveals many large, forked molecules and a few "eye"-shaped structures resembling the early replicative intermediates normally observed in vivo. PMID- 54869 TI - Selective enhancement of [3H]opiate agonist binding by divalent cations. PMID- 54870 TI - Relationship between "aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness" and the survival times in mice treated with various drugs and environmental compounds. PMID- 54871 TI - [Light- and electron-microscopic changes in liver cells of a patient with acute liver damage caused by Lindane]. AB - Acute liver-lesion was observed in a 77 years old women, using a preparate "Hungaria L. 7" consisting 7,8 percent of Lindan, without keeping directions for use. In 24 hours onset of toxic exanthema, lack of appetite, and abdominal pains were seen. After a longlasting discomfort and loss of weight on the 4th week jaundice have occurred. In the liver biopsy specimen microscopically centrolobular necrosis of lytic type, steatosis and a moderate periportal inflammatory reaction was revealed. On the electron micrographs steatosis and paralelly arranged osmiophilic inclusions in the mitochondria seemed to the most characteristic feature. Authors stress that in cases of acute liver lesions careful analysis of the history may evidence a toxic origin of the lesion, and the latter morfologically--as it is demonstrated in the presented case--can be distinguished from the acute virus-hepatitis. PMID- 54872 TI - [Experimental study of the hepatotoxic effect of toluol. I. Histological and histochemical studies]. AB - The hepatotoxic effect of the analytically pure toluol and a toluol being used in the Chemical Factory "Tiszai" was investigated. Single toxic- and various subtoxic doses of toluol were administered to male rats of CFY intraperitoneally and subcutaneously. The body weight and the weight of the liver were registered. Histological and histochemical study of the liver have also been carried out. After an acute and subacute toluol intoxication decrease of the PAS-positive and Bestcarmin positive material in the liver and increase of the activity of SDH were observed. The degree of the damage to the hepatic tissue depends on the doses of toluol and on the duration of the administration. It is stressed that a severe damage to the whole liver was not seen in any of the experimental animals. There was not any difference noticed between the lesions caused by the different types of toluol. PMID- 54873 TI - [Glia staining]. PMID- 54874 TI - [Intraoperative rapid cytological assessment of mammary tumors (author's transl)]. AB - A quick staining technique is reported which permits a full cytological statement on the seriousness of mammary tumors within 2 minutes intraoperatively. The accuracy of the method is comparable to that of histological examination. Between 1971 and 1974 a cytological rapid examination was carried out for the assessment of the seriousness of a total of 409 mammary tumors intraoperatively. 71 (equals 17.5 per cent) of the 409 tumors were carcinomas. In 70 of the carcinomas, the severity was confirmed histologically. The method can also be performed in small hospitals which have no pathology laboratory available. PMID- 54875 TI - Genetic activity of niridazole in yeast. AB - Niridazole, one of several drugs presently known to be of value in the treatment of human schistosomiasis, was tested for its activity in inducing mitotic recombination in yeast. It was found that niridazole is genetically active when the treatment of yeast cells is performed in a rich medium (YPG-medium) under growing conditions, but not when treatment is carried out in a non-nutrient suspension (phosphate buffer). The data suggest that niridazole might be converted to an active compound by yeast metabolism. The results of the experiments with niridazole in the non-nutrient medium were compared with those of AF-2 and SQ18, 506, two agents which have been shown to be genetically active in the present assay system. PMID- 54876 TI - Enzyme induction (second of three parts). PMID- 54877 TI - Two immunologic reactions in the pathogenesis of hepatitis? PMID- 54878 TI - Letter: Serum beta2-microglobulin and glomerular function. PMID- 54879 TI - Histamine (second of two parts). PMID- 54880 TI - Cellular localisation and antigenic species specificity of thymic factors. PMID- 54881 TI - Organisation of receptors for neurotransmitters on Aplysia neurones. PMID- 54882 TI - Permeability of the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to plasma proteins during foetal and perinatal life. PMID- 54883 TI - Antibodies to native tRNA in NZB/NZW mice. PMID- 54884 TI - Retrograde transpost of horseradish peroxidase in afferent and efferent neurons from masseter muscle in the rat. PMID- 54885 TI - [Hyperthyroidism in the elderly. II. Laboratory tests]. PMID- 54886 TI - [Cervical discography]. PMID- 54887 TI - De Quervain's subacute thyroiditis. A report on 14 cases and a review of the literature. PMID- 54888 TI - Genetic association of multiple sclerosis and HL-A determinants. AB - Segregation of HL-A haplotypes was analyzed in 10 families in which there were at least two cases of multiple sclerosis. In nine families, multiple sclerosis was associated with only one parental HL-A haplotype. Specific HL-A determinants associated with multiple sclerosis differed among the families, suggesting that another histocompatibility-linked factor, possibly a gene determining susceptibility (or lack of resistance) played an etiologic role. Lod score analysis based on nine families suggested a close association between such a gene (labeled MSS) and the HL-A gene complex. However, when all 10 available families were analyzed, the association approached but did not reach statistical significance. Thus, the HL-A haplotype segregation did not prove that a histocompatibility-linked gene is related to the cause of multiple sclerosis, but study of additional multiplex families is certainly warranted. Other factors, possibly genetic (although not HL-A-linked), environmental, or the two together, may be required for multiple sclerosis to become clinically apparent. PMID- 54889 TI - Biochemical effects of sensibilization of guinea pigs with basic encephalitogenic protein. PMID- 54890 TI - [Analgesic action of lysine acetylsalicylate in intravenous administration on pain caused by cancer]. PMID- 54891 TI - The prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. PMID- 54892 TI - Diagnostic use of meternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. AB - Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels in human maternal serum were elevated in 14 patients when measured by a radioimmunoassay. In 8 patients the elveated serum levels of AFP correlated with increased concentration of AFP in amiotic fluid and were diagnostic of fetal defects. The elevated AFP levels in the remaining 6 patients were shown to be the result of fetomaternal transfusion from either amniocentesis or natural causes. Serum samples drawn after amniocentesis through an anterior placenta may show false-positive elevations. The use of both maternal serum and amniotic fluid samples in pregnancies at high risk for neural tube defects can decrease the risk of diagnostic errors due to mistakes in gestational datind and may increase the diagnostic sensitivity of amniocentesis. PMID- 54893 TI - Nursing care of patient undergoing a total hip arthroplasty. PMID- 54894 TI - Chemotherapy and palliative therapy in malignant disease of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 54895 TI - [Antidiuretic action of the blood in the edematous-ascitic syndrome]. PMID- 54896 TI - Studies on cystic fibrosis using isoelectric focusing. II. Demonstration of deficient proteolytic cleavage of alpha2-macroglobulin in cystic fibrosis plasma. AB - A protein with an isoelectric point (pI) of 5.48 was found to be deficient in plasma from most cystic fibrosis (CF) homozygotes and obligate heterozygote carriers of CF as compared with normal control plasma. Purification of the protein with a pI of 5.48 from normal plasma was performed using ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose and CM-cellulose chromatography, Sephadex G-200- gel filtration, starch block electrophoresis, and Sepharose 4B gel filtration. The purified protein migrated as a single band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and displayed a single arc on immunoelectrophoresis against polyvalent antiserum to whole human serum. Results from various techniques used in its characterization indicate that this protein is a fragment of alpha2 macroglobulin (alpha2M) which is derived from alpha2M by proteolytic cleavage of intact alpha2M subunits. Quantitation of alpha2M levels in plasma indicated no significant differences between levels of alpha2M in CF homozygote, obligate heterozygote carrier, or normal control plasma samples. Quantitation of arginine esterase activity in plasma treated with cloroform and ellagic acid indicated that both the total arginine esterase activity and that fraction of arginine esterase activity inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) were decreased in most CF homozygote and obligate heterozygote plasma samples relative to normal control values. The results of this study indicate that plasma samples from CF homozygotes and obligate heterozygote carriers for CF show deficient proteolytic cleavage of alpha2M as compared with normal control plasma, and suggest that a structural abnormality in alpha2M or a deficiency in plasma proteolytic activity may be responsible for this deficiency in proteolysis. PMID- 54897 TI - Serum immunoglobulin E concentrations and radioallergosorbent tests in children with atopic dermatitis. AB - Serum IgE concentrations and the presence of allergen-specific IgE were determined in a series of 23 children with atopic dermatitis. In this group 83% had significantly elevated serum levels of IgE, 91% had coexistent respiratory allergy, 70% had radioallergosorbent test (RAST) evidence of pollen hypersensitivity, and 43% gave a history and demonstrated a RAST score consistent with milk or egg hypersensitivity. In patients with eczema a significant proportion of the elevated serum IgE appears to be antigen specific. PMID- 54898 TI - Alpha fetoprotein in a patient with embryonal cell carcinoma of the testis. PMID- 54899 TI - [Cytochemical demonstration and characterization of acid mucopolysaccharides in normal granulocytic series]. AB - Metachromatic granulations are seen in myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes, metamyelocytes and young mature cells, after staining by all metachromatic dyes, except methylene blue. Furthermore by screening at various pHs granular metachromasia is detectable starting at pH 3.2 in 6% of case, at pH 4 in 78% of cases, at pH 4.5 in 16% of cases. The use of toluidine blue 10(-4) M in solutions at varying pH, after methylation and after alkali demethylation demonstrate the acid sulfated mucopolysaccharide react within the pH range (3.2), 4, 4.5, 5; persistence of non-alcohol resistant granular metachromasia above pH 5.5 suggests the presence of granules containing acid mucopolysaccharides staining as the result of possessing --COOH radicals. This data was verified by other histochemical techniques (Alcian blue and PAS staining) which have shown positive granules. All the data on the metachromatic, alcian blue and PAS positive granulations, have been carefully confirmed by chemical and enzymatic reactions. The results of this study led us to the conclusion that azurophilic granulations are made of a sulfated polysaccharide of chondroitinsulfate group. In the more immature cells alcian blue positive granules (mucopolysaccharide of acid hyaluronic type) and PAS positive granules (polysaccharides with a low sulfation level) can be demonstrated. From this data, it is suggested that azurophilic granulations are the final event of an evolutive process of polysaccharide material, fundamentally based on a progressive sulfation. PMID- 54900 TI - [Acute mast-cell leukemia. Cytochemical and ultrastructural study, about a particular case (author's transl)]. AB - A case of acute Mast-cell leukemia was studied. A 39 years old female presenting with a brief history of abdominal pain and attacks of flushing; peripheral blood and bone marrow contained up to 60% of poorly differentiated blasts with clumping of deep purpule granules. Peroxydase reaction stains were negative, chloroacetate esterase were strongly positive. Toluidine blue revealed metachromatic stain. Histamine content of the cells was highly greater than normal but nos heparinoid activity could be demonstrated. These abnormal mast-cells have been investigated with the electron microscope; only the dense particular type of granule substructure was found, without any lamellae component. The cells were temptatively classified as "immature" mast-cell. The disease was interpretated as an acute leukemic variety of systemic mastocytosis. PMID- 54902 TI - A model for a nursing media center. PMID- 54903 TI - A system for personalized instruction. PMID- 54901 TI - Indium (111In)-labelled bleomycin for the detection of intracranial lesions. AB - Brain scans with 99mTc pertechnetate were compared with scans made after administration of 111Indium bleomycin in 38 patients scanned on 41 occasions. They gave similar results in 34 pairs of examinations, including cases in which both failed to detect the tumour. In seven cases, the two agents differed. In two of these bleomycin distinguished residual tumour from the effects of craniotomy more clearly than did pertechnetate; in three bleomycin apparently detected tumour not seen with pertechnetate, and in two the differences may have been due to technical factors, or are unexplained. PMID- 54904 TI - Two blind spots in medical knowledge. PMID- 54905 TI - Nursing care study: hysterectomy. PMID- 54906 TI - Nursing care study: Marfan's syndrome. PMID- 54907 TI - The nursing care of Crohn's disease. PMID- 54908 TI - Investigations on the biological activity of Tylopilus felleus (Bull. Ex Fr.) P. Karst. by means of phytobiological tests. AB - The effect of the undialysed (ND) aqueous fraction prepared from the fruitbodies of Tylopilus felleus and of actinomycin C on the biosynthesis of DNA in the seedling roots of Triticum vulgare and on the increase of their mass was investigated. The content of DNA (expressed in mug) in the determined amount of the seedling roots of Triticum vulgare after treating of material with the ND fraction, was 9-1--23-3% higher than in the control. The investigated fraction inhibited the increase of the mass of seedling roots in the range 24-5--48-0%. It seems possible that ND fraction inhibits the biosynthesis of the other components of the cells, while the synthesis rate of DNA is only slightly changed. ND fraction and N-hydroxyurea inhibited the linear growth and the increase of the mass of Lepidium sativum roots in the test acc. to Gagiu et al. [5]. Using the Constantinescu et al. test[3,4] the CMA value of polysaccharide fractions was calculated. The pycnose phenomenon in the course of cytological analysis of the meristematic cells of the wheat root seedlings treated with polysaccharide fraction was observed. PMID- 54909 TI - [Importance of the miction curve in the evaluation of surgical results in prostatic adenoma]. PMID- 54910 TI - [Raveron treatment of prostatic adenoma in the light of uroflowmetry (on the basis of 20 cases)]. PMID- 54911 TI - Appliances for cutaneous enterostomies. AB - This report deals with appliances for permanent cutaneous enterostomies such as ileostomy, colostomy and ileal-bladder (called ostomies below). The purpose of the report is to facilitate the choice of appliances for these types of ostomies for prescriber as well as the person operated. PMID- 54912 TI - The current lead pollution problem. PMID- 54913 TI - Uptake of inhaled lead from motor exhaust. PMID- 54914 TI - [The development of chemotherapy of pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 54915 TI - [Diagnosis of fetal diseases by examination of the amniotic fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 54916 TI - Asymmetric orientation of a phage coat protein in cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli. AB - The coat protein of a filamentous phage (M13) enters the cytoplasmic membrane from two directions: from the outside upon infection and from the cell interior late in the viral life cycle prior to phage assembly and extrusion. Binding of 125I-labeled anti-coat protein antibody to spheroplasts or to inverted vesicles was used to assay the orientation of coat protein in the membrane. Both parental and newly synthesized coat protein were found to be exposed on the outer surface of the cytoplasmic membrane. Coat protein in intact infected cells is also accessible to external antibody. Thus two different processes of assembling a protein into membrane, each starting from a different membrane surface, appear to produce similar surface orientations. PMID- 54917 TI - Subunit structure, cell surface orientation, and partial amino-acid sequences of murine histocompatibility antigens. AB - Detergent and papain solubilized murine histocompatibility (H-2) antigens have been compared by gel exclusion chromatography, ultracentrifugation, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and amino-acid sequence analysis. From these data, we propose a molecular model for the H-2 antigens that includes the size and arrangement of the subunits on the cell surface and in solution, and we provide evidence for the orientation of these molecules on the cell surface. Detergent solubilized H-2 antigens (molecular weight 116,000) consist of two disulfide-linked heavy chains (46,000 daltons) and two monocovalently associated light chains (12,000 daltons). Alkylation with iodoacetamide prior to extraction prevented the formation of a disulfide linkage between the two heavy chains. A water-soluble 51,000-dalton molecule (Fs) consisting of a 39,000-dalton fragment (FH) of the heavy chain and one intact light chain was obtained by papain digestion of cells or detergent extracts. Therefore, the disulfide linkage between the heavy chains is located in the remaining membrane-associated portion (Fm). Amino-acid sequence analysis of the FH fragment of H-2Kb by radiochemical techniques showed that it is identical to the detergent solubilized H-2Kb heavy chain in eight positions for the three amino acids tested. These data indicate that the fragment FH derives from the amino-terminus of the heavy chain and suggest that it projects outward from the cell surface, while the carboxyl-terminal region is associated with the plasma membrane. The described amino-terminal sequence data have been found constant in H-2Kb, H-2Kd, H-2Kk, H-2Db, and H-2Dd gene products. These data support the hypothesis that the K and D products of the major histocompatibility antigen complex have evolved by gene duplication. PMID- 54918 TI - Radioimmunoassay of bovine heart protein kinase. AB - Immunization of guinea pigs with bovine cardiac cAMP-dependent protein kinase (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) resulted in the development of precipitating antibodies to the cAMP-binding subunit of the enzyme. Both the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated cAMP-binding protein of the protein kinase reacted with the antiserum. A radioimmunoassay was developed that detects 10 ng of holoenzyme and permits measurement of enzyme concentrations in bovine cardiac muscle. Bovine liver, kidney, brain, and skeletal muscle contain protein kinases which are immunologically identical to those found in bovine cardiac muscle. However, the proportion of immuno-reactive enzyme activity differed for each tissue. All of the immunologically nonreactive enzyme in skeletal muscle and heart was separable from immunoreactive enzyme by chromatography on DEAE cellulose. Rat tissues and pig heart contained protein kinase activity that crossreacted immunologically in a nonparallel fashion with bovine cardiac enzyme. These results indicate that cAMP-dependent protein kinases within and between species are immunologically heterogeneous. PMID- 54919 TI - Partial purification of a serum factor that causes necrosis of tumors. AB - Tumor necrosis can be induced in transplanted mouse methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma by a tumor necrosis factor in the serum of mice infected with bacillus Calmette-Guerin and given bacterial endotoxin. Sera from normal mice, endotoxin treated mice, and mice infected with bacillus Calmette-Guerin do not contain this factor. A 20- to 30-fold purification of the serum factor has been achieved by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, Sephadex G-100 and G-200 gel filtration, and preparative polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Tumor necrosis factor is not bacterial endotoxin. It migrates with alpha-globulins, is made up of at least four subunits, and has a molecular weight of about 150,000. The active factor is a glycoprotein that contains sialic acid and galactosamine. PMID- 54920 TI - Biochemistry of the filaments of brain. AB - Intermediate filaments-cytoplasmic filaments with a diameter of 8-9 nm-have been described in a large variety of cell types. In this study, the subunit protein of the neurofilament and the presumptive subunit of the astroglial filament are compared by immunological and biochemical methods and are found to be very similar. Strong crossreactions are also found between these proteins in a variety of mammalian species. These results suggest that the intermediate filaments may, like microtubules and microfilaments, represent a highly conserved and widely distributed fibrous protein system. PMID- 54921 TI - Mechanisms of adhesion among cells from neural tissues of the chick embryo. AB - In order to analyze the molecular mechanisms of cell adhesion during development, proteins on the surface of chick embryonic neural cells were compared with proteins released after placing these cells in culture. One of the components released into culture, F1 (molecular weight, Mr 140,000), was derived by proteolytic cleavage of a cell surface precursor with a molecular weight of at least 240,000. Another protein, F2, recovered from culture as a dimer (Mr 1110,000), appeared to be a product of limited proteolytic cleavage of F1. Cells in retinal tissue possessed a surface protein of Mr 150,000 that also appeared to be derived by limited proteolytic cleavage of the cell surface precursor. Antibodies to F2 interacted with determinants on the cell surface protein of Mr 150,000, and specifically prevented homologous and heterologous binding among dissociated retinal and brain cells. In contrast, antibodies to F1 failed to prevent cell-cell adhesion and did not crossreact with F2. These data suggest that the cell surface protein of Mr 150,000 generated by limited proteolysis is involved in adhesion of both retinal and brain cells. Cell-cell binding of both retinal and brain cells varied as a function of developmental age and brain cells acquired their binding properties at an earlier time than retinal cells. Similar results were obtained in experiments on the binding of retinal and brain cells of different ages to nylon fibres coated with antibodies to F2. The results of the molecular and cellular experiments are incorporated in a model for cell adhesion invoking both proteolytic activation and modulation of cell surface ligands. PMID- 54922 TI - Structure and evolution of transplantation antigens: partial amino-acid sequences of H-2K and H-2D alloantigens. AB - Techniques for the amino acid sequence analysis of subnanomole quantities of polypeptides have been applied to characterize beta2-microglobulin and transplantation antigens of the mouse isolated from spleen cells by indirect immunoprecipitation. Eleven residues were identified throughout the NH2-terminal 27 residues of the beta2-microglobulin; all were identical to residues seen at the corresponding positions of beta2-microglobulins from other species. Two K and two D transplantation antigens were examined and the following generalizations emerged from the limited partial amino-acid sequence data: (1) the K and D molecules are homologous to one another; (2) they do not show amino acid sequence homology with immunoglobulins; (3) the two K and two D molecules differ from one another by multiple amino acid substitutions; and (4) the K molecules as a class cannot be distinguished from the D molecules as a class. The genetic and evolutionary implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 54923 TI - A molecular concept of the properdin pathway. AB - The sequential events of the properdin system were analyzed. Properdin-depleted serum allows the formation of a Factor B- and D-dependent C3 convertase. This enzyme, called the properdin-receptor-forming enzyme, was shown to utilize a novel serum component, the initiating factor. The protein is a beta-globulin in precursor form and is distinct from immunoglobulins. The function of the enzyme is to deposit C3b on the surface of activator particles. Apparently doublets of C3b are required for the formation of the properdin-activating principle. It consists of a complex containing surface-bound C3b and activated Factor B. properdin precursor is activated by binding to this complex without detectable change in molecular weight. The transition of properdin precursor to activated properdin is probably caused by a conformational change. The complex, consisting of bound C3b, properdin, and activated Factor B, represents the enzyme that acts on C5, thereby initiating self-assembly of the membrane attack system. Native C3 is not needed for the function of the enzyme. It is disassembled by soluble C3 or C3b and its formation is under the control of the properdin-receptor-destroying enzyme, which may be identical with the C3b inactivator. PMID- 54924 TI - Uptake of lead by inhalation of motor exhaust. PMID- 54925 TI - Cryotherapy in the upper air and food passages. PMID- 54926 TI - A new protein with a particular thermoprecipitability in bovine milk. AB - A new protein with a particular thermoprecipitability was isolated from bovine milk and tentatively termed milk pyroglobulin. The protein which was soluble at a relatively cold temperature was precipitated by raising the temperature to a certain degree depending on the concentration of the protein. The precipitate disappeared on recooling. This protein had the electrophoretic mobility of gamma globulin but did not carry either antigenic specificities of immunoglobulins or of free secretory component. The molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 60,000 in thin-layer gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 superfine gel, but the protein appeared to be convertible to molecules with a lower molecular weight of approximately 20,000 in the presence of bovine serum albumin. The presence of the albumin inhibited the thermoprecipitation as did alpha lactalbumin but not IgG immunoglobulin from bovine colostrum. In SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the protein was separated into two components having a molecular weight of 19,000 and 10,000, respectively. Both components were thermoprecipitable and carried identical antigenic determinants. PMID- 54927 TI - Cordycepin inhibition of 3-methylcholanthrene-induced transformation in vitro. AB - Cordycepin (3-deoxyadenosine), an inhibitor of poly (a) synthesis, was found to inhibit the induction of the endogenous type "C" RNA virus by 5-iodo-2' deoxyuridine in a line of Fisher rat embryo cells (H43) grown in vitro, and when continuously incorporated into the medium at those same concentrations, it was found to protect the cells from transformation by the chemical carcinogen 3 methylcholanthrene. PMID- 54928 TI - The demonstration of separate DNA polymerase activities in intact isolated rat liver nuclei by means of response to bleomycin and arabinosyl cytosine 5 triphosphate. PMID- 54929 TI - [Ulcerative colitis in children : a psychosomatic study]. PMID- 54930 TI - Excretion of specific glycoproteins by cells infected with herpes simplex virus, types 1 and 2. PMID- 54931 TI - Radioimmunoassay of beta2-microglobulin. AB - A radioimmunoassay for quantitation of beta2-microglobulin in serum and urine is described. Polyethylene glycol 6000 was used to precipitate the antigen-antibody complex. The assay can be performed within 5 hr. In healthy human subjects (mean age, 30.6 years and 42.0 years for serum and urine determinations, respectively) the mean concentration of beta2-microglobulin in serum was 125 nmol/l (range, 49 190 nmol/l). In men the mean 24-hr urinary excretion was 12.9 nmol (range, 8.6 19.2 nmol), and in women it was 5.5 nmol (range, 2.9-8.7 nmol). The assay range was 0.23-19.40 nmol/l, and the detection limit was 0.042 nmol/l, using a prolonged incubation time. The coefficient of variation based on 20 determinations in serum dilutions with a concentration of beta2-microglobulin of 8.14 and 1.92 nmol/l was 8.1 per cent and 9.0 per cent, respectively. PMID- 54932 TI - Cationic proteins of human granulocytes. V. Interaction with plasma protease inhibitors. AB - Several cationic proteins of human granulocytes possess chymotrypsin-like and bactericidal activities. The heat-labile chymotrypsin-like activity is inhibited by serum, owing to complex formation with alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1 antitrypsin. The molar affinity of the cationic proteins for alpha2-macroglobulin is much higher than that for alpha1-antitrypsin. The results indicate that the molar combining ratios are 1:1 for cationic protein to alpha1-antitrypsin and 2:1 for cationic protein to alpha2-macroglobulin. The proteolytic activity against fibrinogen and casein is inhibited by both alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1 antitrypsin, whereas the activity against small molecular synthetic substrates is inhibited by alpha1-antitrypsin but not alpha2-macroglobulin. The heat-stable bactericidal action of the cationic proteins against Staphylococcus was also inhibited by serum, probably owing to complex formation with alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1-antitrypsin. PMID- 54933 TI - Weight loss of prostatic tissue during electroresection. AB - During electroresection the weight loss of prostatic tissue was demonstrated to vary between 15 and 42% with a mean value of 26%. Using a scalpel the mean weight loss was 12%. PMID- 54934 TI - Urethrocystography during and after transurethral prostatic resection. AB - Ten men were subjected to transurethral electroresection because of prostatic adenoma. All were examined with urethrocystography on 3 occasions, viz. at the end of operation, 4-7 days later and after a further 2-3 months. Peroperative examination for residual adenoma appeared to be of little value, while examination a few days after the operation revealed residual adenomas in 2 cases and possibly also in a third. The cavity left after the operation had the same size at the peroperative and the first postoperative examination, though its outline was sometimes smoother at the latter. During urination the cavity invariably increased in size. At the second postoperative examination the operation cavity was clearly smaller and its outline smoother in 9 of 10 cases. The cavity still expanded during micturition. No passage of contrast medium to the veins was ever demonstrable. At the peroperative examination the contrast medium was not injected under any substantial pressure and the cavity was not exposed to pressure by micturition. Even at the first postoperative examination, when the operation cavity was exposed to pressure by urination, the veins that had been opened at operation had closed so effectively that no contrast medium passed outside the prostatic capsule. Urethrocystography in association with TUR of prostatic adenoma is of interest to the urological surgeon. It provides him with a possibility to check his work very carefully. PMID- 54935 TI - Management of thrombo-embolism after aortic valve replacement with the Bjork Shiley tilting disc valve. Medicamental prevention with dicumarol in comparison with dipyridamole - acetylsalicylic acid. Surgical treatment of prosthetic thrombosis. AB - Dicumarol anticoagulation poved very effective in the prevention of thromboembolic complications after aortic valve replacement with the Bjork-Shiley tilting disc valve. We have, however, encountered six late deaths because of massive cerebral hemorrhage, which represent 3% of the patients who were maintained on dicumarol medication at that time. This unacceptable mortality prompted us to introduce two programmes, one without anticoagulation and another one with dipyridamole-acetylsalicylic acid. Furthermore, dicumarol was terminated in patients with haemorrhagic episodes, instable anticoagulation, pregnancy, and in those reguiring surgery. The results were disappointing, however, and the majority of the patients involved were therefore put on dicumarol medication. Eleven of the 64 consecutive patients taking dipyridamole - acetylsalicylic acid had thrombo-embolic episodes during a mean follow-up period of 9 months... PMID- 54936 TI - Tracing axons and axon collaterals of spinal neurons using intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase. AB - Intracellular injection and subsequent histochemical localization of horseradish peroxidase have been used to stain the soma, dendrites, axons, and axon collaterals of spinalcervical tract neurons and unidentified dorsal horn neurons in the cat. This technique may be used in combination with the intracellular injection of Procion yellow to demonstrate by light microscopy connections between physiologically typed vertebrate neurons. PMID- 54937 TI - Radionuclide joint imaging. AB - Modern radionuclide techniques of joint imaging involve the use of either 99mTc pertechnetate or 99mTc-phosphate compounds in conjunction with the Anger camera. In general, images obtained with both types of radiocompound are nonspecific- although increased uptake of 99mTc-pertechnetate usually denotes the presence of synovitis. The most popular uses of the technique are in documenting the extent and severity of inflammatory joint disease, assessing the effect of therapy, and establishing the diagnoses of Legg-Perthes disease and septic arthritis. The method is also useful in judging the extent of involvement in osteoarthritis of the knee prior to surgical intervention. Radionuclide joint imaging is more sensitive than clinical or radiographic techniques in detecting early joint involvement but usually it must be supplemented by other techniques to establish a specific diagnosis. PMID- 54938 TI - The treatment of benign prostatic obstruction by injections--a clinical trial. PMID- 54939 TI - [Alpha fetoprotein content in neoplastic and non-malignant liver diseases]. PMID- 54940 TI - [Histopathological changes in patients with post-vaccinal encephalitis]. PMID- 54941 TI - Chemotherapy of breast cancer treatment of metastatic, recurrent or inoperable breast cancer. PMID- 54942 TI - The anti-arrhythmic effects of perhexiline maleate in patients with ischaemic heart disease. AB - In a preliminary study which lasted 14 weeks, an anti-anginal preparation, perhexiline maleate (Pexid), was prescribed in a dosage of 200 mg twice a day to 7 patients who were suffering from cardiac arrhythmias associated with ischaemic heart disease. There was a significant reduction in ventricular extrasystoles during the 4th and 8th weeks of the study in 6 of the patients who had multiple ventricular ectopic beats. In 4 of these patients, an effective anti-arrhythmic response was maintained until the end of the study. These findings confirm other studies regarding the efficacy of the preparation in reducing ventricular extrasystoles in patients with cardiac ischaemia. PMID- 54943 TI - Examinations with a monohormonal oral contraceptive agent (continuin). PMID- 54944 TI - Fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products: their differentiation. PMID- 54946 TI - Unique immunochemical features and intracellular stability of platelet fibrinogen. PMID- 54945 TI - Urinary fibrin/fibrinogen derivatives. PMID- 54947 TI - The amino acid sequences of those portions of human fibrinogen fragment E which are not included in the amino-terminal disulfide knot. PMID- 54948 TI - Negative staining of rat tail tendon collagen fibrils with uranyl formate. AB - Negative staining of rat tail tendon collagen fibrils with uranyl formate appears to reveal more detail in the axial banding pattern than any other positive or negative staining method hitherto employed. In addition, uranyl formate and other uranyl solutions appear to reveal fine, closely spaced, longitudinal filaments which may represent the individual tropocollagen molecules. PMID- 54949 TI - The histological localization of DNA in rabbit medullary neurons. AB - The nuclei of unfixed isolated rabbit neurons cleared on incubation with DNAse (10 mg/ml), but not RNAse (10 mg/ml). The nuclei stained for DNA with eight chromosomal or nuclear stains more intensely than the cytoplasm, and less intensely after treatment with DNAse (10 mg/ml). On the other hand, when the whole tissue was embedded and sectioned, DNA did not appear to be stained in the nucleus; the nucleolus and the cytoplasm were more heavily stained than the nucleoplasm. Possible explanations for this apparent anomaly are considered. It was concluded that DNA diffused out of the nucleus during embedding and sectioning, and that the colouration of the nucleolus and cytoplasm with the eight staining systems used was due to other nucleotides present. PMID- 54950 TI - Toxicity of the cardiotoxic protein flammutoxin, isolate from edible mushroom Flammulina velutipes. PMID- 54951 TI - On the chemical basis of chromosome banding patterns. AB - A comparative study of the staining characteristics of four reagents for human chromosomes has been carried out. The four reagents are: (I) quinacrine mustard, as an alkylating agent, (II) the dihydroxy derivative of quinacrine mustard, (III) quinacrine, and (IV) 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine. The last reagent does not possess the amino substituted side chain even though it has the same intercalating nucleus. Comparison of the first three compounds in their staining and banding behavior suggested the initial step leading to banding may be the displacement of the nucleoprotein sites in hcromosomes. The Q and G banding could be blocked experimentally by treating the chromosome preparation with dimethylamine solution. This result may suggest that these sites have weaker basic proteins (nonhistone proteins?). The use of compound IV, which does not have the side chain in the molecule but does have the same intercalating chromophore, did not lead to banding and gives indirect support to this hypothesis. A combined use of compound IV and quinacrine may be useful for the determination of total DNA vs. banding DNA. PMID- 54952 TI - Elimination of precipitates in oil red O fat stain by adding dextrin. AB - Addition of dextrin in the final 60% isopropanol of the Lillie-Ashburn super saturated oil red O isopropanol technic moderately intensified the stain and decreased our required staining interval. Precipitates were decreased and the diluted solution remained usable into the second week. A saturated 60% isopropanol oil red O solution contained 33 mg/100 ml. Without dextrin the fresh supersaturated solution contains 40 mg, after 3 days 25 mg. With dextrin the fresh solution contained 130 mg dye, the 10-day-old one 100 mg/100 ml. PMID- 54953 TI - Influence of light and mounting medium on the fading of Feulgen stain. AB - Serial microspectrophotometric estimations of the absorbance of Feulgen-stained interphase nuclei of human fibroblasts were made on slides mounted in a variety of mounting media and stored in light or in darkness. All preparations showed some fading, at rates which varied with different mountants, were greater in the light than in the dark, and were greater in the monochromatic illumination of the microspectrophotometer under working conditions than in normal laboratory light conditions. Fading was minimised by using XAM improved white neutral mounting medium (G.T. Gurr), storing slides in darkenss, and by reading samples as quickly as possible. PMID- 54954 TI - The use of a basic dye (azure A or toluidine blue) plus a cationic surfactant for selective staining of RNA: a technical and mechanistic study. AB - Selective purple staining of RNA-rich structures such as basophilic cytoplasms of exocrine pancreas and plasma cells, Nissl substance, and nucleoli was achieved by treating tissue sections as follows. Stain dewaxed sections for 1/2 hour in a dyebath containing 0.1% w/v axure A or toluidine blue and 1% cationic surfactant (Hyamine 2389, a 50% w/v aqueous solution of diisobutylphenoxyethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride; or benzyldimethylammonium chloride, or cetylpyridinium bromide, or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) buffered to pH 7 with phosphate. Rinse in water, blot, air dry and mount in synthetic resin. Intense purple staining of RNA-rich regions occurred after fixation in neutral formalin or in Carnoy's or Gendre's fluids, though satisfactory results were also found after fixation in acetone or alcohol. Chromatin generally stained a very pale azure after all fixations, though occasionally nuclei were unstained (Gendre's or Zenker's fluids). Subjecting tissue sections to acid hydrolysis or to digestion by RNAase eliminated or reduced the purple staining, but left the azure staining of nuclei unaffected. Satisfactory staining of RNA-rich structures was not critically dependent on the precise concentrations of dye, surfactant or inorganic salts in the dyebath, nor on pH, staining time or chemical nature of the surfactant. The staining patterns can be rationalized with a tissue model that considers both surface charge and permeability factors, since present in the dyebath are small dye cations and large cationic surfactant micelles. As micelles and dye will both quickly penetrate basophilic structures considered to be porous, such as chromatin, competition will then greatly reduce staining of such substrates. But the large micelles will only slowly penetrate regions considered to be more impermeable, such as basophilic cytoplasms, so consequently small fast moving dye ions may enter and stain without competition. PMID- 54955 TI - Vanillin-hydrochloric acid as a histochemical test for tannin. AB - Condensed tannin (leucoanthocyanins and catechins) can be demonstrated in fresh plant sections with saturated alcoholic vanillin followed by addition of concentrated HCl. Bright red vanillin-tannin condensates are formed immediately. Preparations may then be made permanent by mounting in a 1:1 mixture of Hoyer's medium and concentrated HCl. Some fading and loss of tannin occurs. The phloroglucinol-HCl test for lignin can also be made permanent with this acidic mountant. PMID- 54956 TI - The use of an optical brightener in the study of plant structure. AB - An optical brightener Calcoflour White M2R New has been used to stain cell walls of higher plants. It can be used either as a vital stain for intact plants or for hand sections and plastic-embedded thin sections. Walls are brilliantly fluorescent while most cytoplasmic components are normally unstained. The brightener binds strongly to cellulose, carboxylated polysaccharides, and callose. Staining for 20 sec to 2 min in a 0.01% solution of the brightener is preferred for most purposes. PMID- 54957 TI - Staining of cleavage cells in yolk rich eggs of Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera) with toluidine blue and pyronin B. PMID- 54958 TI - A rapid whole-mount staining procedure for Ascaris embryo chromosomes. PMID- 54959 TI - The use of the Fink-Heimer II technique to stain degenerating peripheral nerve fibers. PMID- 54960 TI - [Vascular anatomy of human deciduous tooth germs]. PMID- 54961 TI - [Experience in systematization of visual aids for lectures and practical courses in the teaching of oral surgery]. PMID- 54962 TI - Cytogenetics analysis of meiotic chromosomes of irradiated mice and their progeny after treatment with streptomycin and dihydrodeoxystreptomycin. AB - The purpose of this investigation is to find out whether streptomycin and the related compound dihydrodeoxystreptomycin have any mutagenic effect and whether they both are capable of recovering X-ray induced chromosomal translocations in mouse spermatogonia of directly treated animals and their progeny of the first generation. The cytological findings show the absence of any mutagenic effect in animals nonirradiated and treated with streptomycin and dihydrodeoxystreptomycin. The frequency of chromosomal translocation after total irradiation was 9,07%; in animals treated with streptomycin following irradiation 5.13%, and in those irradiated and treated with dihyrodeoxystreptomycin, 3.70%. Male offsprings, originated from parents treated only with antibiotics show no chromosomal translocations. However, offsprings originated from irradiated and treated parents gave birth to the male offspring with chromosomal translocations. PMID- 54963 TI - Biological activity of some steroidal compounds in the adult and larval frogs. AB - Four steroids were tested for their biological activity, using the sex-steroid dependent redevelopment of the secondary sex characteristics in adult frogs and gonadal sex differentiation in larval frogs as end points. In adult frogs, 19 norprogesterone and 6-chloro-17alpha-hydroxy-4, 6-pregnadiene-3,20-dione had antiandrogenic and antiestrogenic effects. 2alpha, 17alpha-Dimethyl-DHT and 2alpha-methyl-DHT were potent androgens and effective antiestrogens. In the larval frogs, all four compounds had a masculinizing effect upon the undifferentiated gonads. PMID- 54964 TI - Radioimmune assay of heterologous serum gamma-globulin in patients receiving rabbit antihuman thymocyte globulin. AB - A radioimmune assay (RIA) method for detecting heterologous serum rabbit gamma globulin (RG) and antibody to this protein is described. The methodology is used for monitoring serum levels of rabbit globulin in patients receiving rabbit ATG (RATG). In 7 cardiac recipients receiving RATG, maximum serum levels of RG were achieved 1-3 days after administration of final dose. RG half-life subsequent to peak serum levels was rapid (X = 36 hr) in 4 patients and prolonged (X = 18 days) in 3 patients. Patient antibody to rabbit gamma-globulin was detectable only in those patients with short RG half-life. Antirabbit antibody titers in these patients were extremely low and barely detectable by RIA. PMID- 54965 TI - Cross reactivity between H-2K and H-2D products. II. Identification of the cross reacting specificities. AB - Absorption analyses were conducted on antisera which had previously been shown to detect cross reactivity between the H-2K and H-2D gene products. These analyses revealed that the cross reactions were due to known public H-2 specificities. Identification of cross reactive anti-H-2.3 and anti H-2.5 antibodies confirmed earlier predictions that genes controlling these specificities should be localized at opposite ends of the H-2 complex. The finding of H-2.29 activity on both sides of the S region clarified ambiguities encountered in assigning this specificity to certain recombinant types. Results with H-2.36 support the suggestion that this determinant may also be specified by both H-2K and H-2D genes. PMID- 54966 TI - Primary antibody response against K and D regions of the H-2a and H-2d haplotypes. AB - The capacity of D and K antigens of the H-2d and H-2a haplotypes to induce primary IgM response was evaluated in host-donor combinations using congenic recombinant strains of mice. Host animals were immunized with an i.p. injection of 2 X 10(7) allogeneic spleen cells. Direct plaque-forming cells appearing in immune spleens were assayed with cells of lymphomas L2 of strain A and L5178Y of strain DBA/2, and mastocytoma P815 of strain DBA/2, as targets. Serum antibodies were titrated for cytolytic activity with the same targets as above, and with spleen cells of strain A mice. Titration of serum hemagglutinins was performed using A erythrocytes. The following results were obtained: (1) H-2Dd antigens were shown to be more potent in stimulating primary IgM antibody response than were H-2Kk and H-2Kd antigens, as measured by both plaque assay and serum antibody titration. (2) The observed dominance of D antigens of the haplotypes under study did not seem to be dependent on the number of antigenic specificities involved. (3) Comparable results were obtained with both lymphoid and nonlymphoid target cells of either normal or malignant origin. PMID- 54967 TI - Antibody response after single dose human alloimmunization. AB - Six individuals were immunized once, intradermally, with buffy coat cells from 100 ml of whole blood. The donor differed from the recipient for four HL-A antigens, two from the first and two from the second series. Two of the six recipients developed complement dependent cytotoxic antibodies, one of them against the immunizing donor only. Four of the six developed antibodies which were able to induce cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and which also inhibited the mixed lymphocyte culture interaction. Manily the responding cell in mixed lymphocyte culture was found to be inhibited. Antibodies with HL-A specificity seemed, at least partly, to be responsible for the observed effects. PMID- 54968 TI - Reactivation of radioresistant F1-specific parental cells by F1 T cells. Preliminary evidence for a semiallogeneic T-T cell interaction. PMID- 54969 TI - [Swelling and contraction of rat liver mitochondria under the effect of hexachlorocyclohexane gamma-isomer and polychlorocamphene]. AB - Swelling and contraction of the rat liver mitochondria were studied as affected by chloroorganic pesticides of hexachlorocyclohexane gamma-isomer (gamma-HCCH) and polychlorocamphene (PCC). Administration for two days of gamma-HCCH in a dose of 34 mg/kg and PCC in a dose of 48 mg/kg established to ccause swelling of the liver mitochindria in vivo, a decrease in their ability to swelling in KCl and KH2PO4 and to contraction with addition of ATP. When gamma-HCCH is administered daily for six months in a dose of 1.7 mg/kg the indices under study rise and in case of PCC analogous adninistration in a dose of 2.4 mg/kg-- the drop. The found differince in the effect of the mentioned preparations when they are introduced to the animal organism for a long time might be connected with singularities in their cumulative properties. PMID- 54970 TI - Nonhormonal chemotherapy for disseminated renal cell carcinoma. AB - Twenty-five patients with disseminated renal cell carcinoma have been followed for eleven months. These patients have been treated with CCNU, bleomycin, methotrexate, and platinum in various combinations. The results have been discussed in light of other studies using chemotherapeutic agents against this disease process. PMID- 54971 TI - Natural history of benign prostatic hypertrophy and acute urinary retention. AB - Twenty-six patients with prostatism due to benign prostatic hypertrophy were evaluated prospectively every three to six months for three years. Using both subjective and objective criteria significant deterioration was demonstrated. The rate of deterioration appeared independent of prostatic size. In the individual patient progression was variable. More than half of the patients were unchanged or improved after two years. Acute urinary retention appeared independent of the degree of prostatism and therefore unpredictable. The methods can be used to evaluate medical treatments of benign prostatic hypertrophy. PMID- 54972 TI - Prostatic antibacterial factor. Identity and significance. AB - Normal human prostatic fluid possesses pronounced antibacterial activity. This activity is absent or markedly diminished in the fluid of men with chronic bacterial prostatitis. Ion-probe and mass spectrographic analysis of this antibacterial factor has shown it to be a zinc salt. Prostatic fluid zinc levels in 15 men with chronic bacterial prostatitis averaged 50 mug. per milliliter (range 0 to 139 mug. per milliliter). The zinc level in the expressed prostate secretion (EPS) of 49 control men averaged 448 mug. per milliliter (range 150 to 1,000 mug. per milliliter). There was no overlap in the range of zinc values between the two groups. The decrease in EPS zinc concentration in the patient population was not secondary to a decreased serum zinc level. Exogenous zinc given orally did not increase the EPS zinc level. The decrease in EPS zinc was not limited to infected prostatic fluid cultures and may precede the entry of bacteria into the prostate. The data presented suggest that zinc may serve as an in vivo defense mechanism against prostatic invasion and subsequent urinary tract infections in men. PMID- 54973 TI - [Changes in the body of sheep with chronic trolen poisoning]. PMID- 54974 TI - [Gamma-globulins in the colostrum of cows]. PMID- 54975 TI - [Experience in the control of infectious and invasive fish diseases]. PMID- 54976 TI - [Method of determination of fat deposit in chickens]. AB - The method described is based on the histochemical demonstration of fats with the use of Sudan stains and the clearing of tissues in an alkaline medium. It is employed to investigate whole birds, thick sections or individual organs to determine the morphotopographic localization of the fat depots. The procedure comprises the alcohol fixation of tissues, the staining of lipids with Sudan black, the clearing of tissues in a solution of potassium hydroxide, and the final mounting of the cleared materials in glycerine. This treatment results in that the sites of fat deposition assume a blue coloration, the bones are grey, and all remaining tissues and organs (if properly bled) are colorless and transparent. The method can also be successfully used with materials that have been preliminary fixed with formalin but their clearing has been considerably worse. PMID- 54977 TI - The effect of bleomycin on rapidly proliferating epidermis. A comparative investigation using micro-flow fluorometry, H3Tdr incorporation and a stathmokinetic method (colcemid). AB - At different time intervals after injection of Bleomycin (BLM) th effect on several kinetic parameters of the hairless mouse epidermis stimulated to proliferate by previous adhesive tape stripping was measured. Micro-flow fluorometry was used to determine the relative number of cells in the various phases of the cell cycle (G1, S and G2). Tritiated thymidine was used to determine labelling indices and grain counts. Colcemid was used to observe the mitotic rate. An initial decrease followed by a subsequent significant increase compared to the non-BLM-treated controls was observed in all parameters studied except the mitotic rate, which remained lower than in the control animals during all 48 hours. The transit time of the cells through the S-phase was initially slightly prolonged, but thereafter it seemed to be shorter than that of the controls. BLM seems to provoke a partial blocking of cells in the G1 phase. When the block is released, a greater number of cells pass through the S phase in partial synchrony at a higher than normal speed. BLM induced a low mitotic rate which remained below the level of that of the normal animals after stripping, even though there obviously was a considerably higher influx of cells from the S phase to the G2 phase. This resulted in a subsequent accumulation of cells in the G2-phase. Thus, BLM has also a blocking effect on the G2-M boundary of the cell cycle. This inhibitory effect of BLM on the mitotic rate was shown to be independent of the effect of BLM on the DNA synthesis. BLM therefore seems to have complex influence on epidermal cell kinetics in vivo. Cells in G1-phase are partially and transiently blocked, but this block is soon released. These cells thereafter pass through the S-phase and pile up in the G2-phase, because BLM also blocks the passage of cells from the G2-phase to mitosis. The overall reduction in cell proliferation seen after BLM in vivo seems mainly to be due to the effect on the G2-M boundray of the cell cycle. PMID- 54978 TI - Properties of mouse leukemia viruses. X. Occurrence of viral structural antigens on the cell surface as revealed by a cytotoxicity test. PMID- 54979 TI - Properties of mouse leukemia viruses. XI. Immunoelectron microscopic studies on viral structural antigens on the cell surface. PMID- 54980 TI - Biochemical and serological properties of the thymidine-phosphorylating enzymes induced by herpes simplex virus mutants temperature-dependent for enzyme formation. PMID- 54981 TI - Serological specificity of thymidine kinase activity in herpes simplex virus transformed L cells. PMID- 54982 TI - Production of unique C-type viruses by chicken cells grown in bromodeoxyuridine. PMID- 54983 TI - Antigenic characterization of two sindbis envelope glycoproteins separated by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 54984 TI - [Problem of obtaining monospecific HL-A serums]. PMID- 54985 TI - [Ototoxicity of some drug agents]. PMID- 54986 TI - [Metabolism of histamine in patients with coronary atherosclerosis]. AB - In patients with coronary atherosclerosis in I and III stages content of histamine in blood, excretion of free histamine with urine, activities of serum histidine decarboxylase and diaminooxidase, histaminopexy of blood serum and content of antihistamine factor were studied. In patients with the disease of the I stage during the attacks of stenocardia content of histamine in blood, the activity of diaminooxidase and content of degranulated basophils were increased, but the histidine decarboxylase activity, histaminopexy, content of antihistamine factor and excretion of free histamine with urine were normal. During the stenocardia attacks in patients with coronary atherosclerosis of the III stage content of degranulated basophils, the histidine decarboxylase activity were increased, histaminopexy and titres of antihistamine factor were decreased. Between the content of histamine in blood and the diaminooxidase activity no correlation was observed. This lack of correlation could cause development of hyperhistaminaemia and increased excretion of free histamine with urine. Antihistamine and desensitizing preparations (pipolphen, heparin, amidopyrine and ascorbic acid) increased the therapeutic efficiency of vasodilating drugs, decreased stenocardia attacks, accelerated both clinical improvement and normalization of histamine metabolism. PMID- 54987 TI - [Indications for and technic of pancreatoduodenal resection]. PMID- 54988 TI - [Esophago-intestinal bypass anastomoses for inoperable cancer of the proximal portion of the stomach and abdominal portion of the esophagus]. AB - To lessen a damage and to eliminate the reflux-esophagitis in bypass anastomoses, constructed for inoperable cancer of the stomach and epicardia, it is suggested to create a side-to side enteroesophageal anastomosis by means of an apparatus of the authors' design. The anastomosis is constructed above the tumor via a transperitoneal approach. To prevent regurgitation of the intestinal juice in the esophagus an invagination-valve enteroanastomosis elaborated at the clinic was employed. The immediate results are good. PMID- 54989 TI - [Possibilities for the spread of alpha-fetoprotein and heterologous antibodies in mother and fetus during transplacental carcinogenesis]. AB - The study of distribution of J125 labelled homologous alpha-fetoproteins (AFP) and heterologous antibodies (anti-AFP) in rats indicated some differences in the level of radioactivity of organs and tissues in animals, depending on age, especially in kidneys and large intestine. In normal pregnancy AFP passes through the placenta in both directions, but in rather less relative amounts from the fetus to mother. No labelled AFP was found in the amniotic fluid of fetuses 5 hours after its injection to pregnant mice. Anti-ATP injected in normal pregnant mice failed to pass through the placental barrier to the fetus, and radioactivity 5 hours following the injection was detected neither in fetal tissues nor in the amniotic fluid. After transplacental exposure of fetuses to methyl nitrosurea the labelled AFP was found in the amniotic fluid, while anti-AFP-both in fetal tissues and the amniotic fluid. PMID- 54990 TI - [An antireflux jejunostomy for nourishment of patients with inoperable stomach cancer]. PMID- 54991 TI - [Hygienic standards for hydroxymethylfurfural in food products]. AB - The effect of a long-term peroral introduction of oxymethylfurfurol on the organism of albino rats was studied. The compound was administered to rats via a tube 6 days in a week for 11 months in doses of 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg with controls receiving water in place of the oxymethylfurfurol. The rats receiving 160 mg of oxymethylfurfurol per kg of body weight demonstrated a temporary rise in the level of gamma-globulin in the blood serum, an increase in the relative weight of the spleen, a tendency towards a greater activity of tributyrinase in the hepatic tissue. Dases of 40 and 80 mg/kg did not affect the protein and lipids metabolism characteristics under study, the suprarenal content of ascorbic acid, the activity of the liver succinate-dehydrogenase, the morphological structure of the internal organs, nor the general condition and dynamic changes in the weight of the animals. From the results obtained it follows that the possibility of any toxic action of oxymethylfurfurol on the albino rats with its peroral administration in a dose of 80 mg/kg and below is ruled out. By adopting a 40-fold safety margin the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of oxymethylfurfurol with food of man is estimated at up to 2 mg/kg of body weight. PMID- 54992 TI - [Changes in the serum protein fractions of pigeons in experimentally reproduced food toxinfection]. AB - Paper electrophoresis was employed to analyze changes taking place in the composition of the blood serum protein fractions of pigeons following an experimental reproduction in them of toxinfection caused by Cl. perfringens, type A, and also upon exposure of the pigeons to a high and low temperature, as factors conducive to the development of toxinfection. The blood serum protein fractions of the diseased birds showed a distinct increase of the gamma-globulin fractions by as much as 4 times) that occurred at the expense of a corresponding drop of other globulin fractions, whereas the amount of albumin remained nearly the same. The action on the pigeons of high and low temperature also led to a change in the proportion of the protein fractions in their blood, the nature of these changes with the birds subjected to heating being similar to the changes occurring in developing toxinfection, whereas with the pigeons undergoing cooling the quantity of gamma-globulins increased at the expense of the albumins (the A/G ratio being almost halved). PMID- 54993 TI - [Changes of the heart in arteriosclerosis during treatment with ACS]. PMID- 54994 TI - [Toxicity of abate after inhalation]. PMID- 54995 TI - [Study of the nature of the antigens detectable in antiserum cross reactions to the milk antigens of patients with breast carcinoma and to the type D oncornavirus isolated from HEp-2 cells (author's transl)]. AB - Antigens of milk from normal women and from patients with mammary gland carcinoma and antigens of D type virus from HEp-2 cells were studied by means of microprecipitation in the gel and indirect immunofluorecence tests. An antiserum to HEp2 virus precipitated antigens of some milk specimens from cancer patients. However their virus precipitated antigens of some milk specimens from cancer patients. However their precipitation line was not identical to that of the test system for group-specific antigens and the antiserum to HE-2 virus detected an antigen localized in the cytoplasm in the following cells: HEp-2, continuous cell lines and imprints of human mammary gland cancer, and epithelial cells from milk of patients with mammary gland carcinoma and from milk of normal women. The antiserum for the antigen of milk from cancer patients absorbed with HEp-2 cell homogenate lost its activity in the IF test. The nature of the detected antigens is discussed. PMID- 54996 TI - [Age profile of the antihemagglutinins and antineuraminidase antibodies in type A influenza (author's transl)]. AB - Antineuraminidase and antihemagglutinating antibody studies were carried out in parallel in sera from subjects born in Bulgaria in 1968-1972, 1956-1960, 1946 1950, 1925-1935 and 1917-1920. It was found that the amount of both antineuraminidase and antihemagglutinating antibody in sera from normal subjects could vary depending upon the year of birth and the strain used for the test. The antibody spectrum was most narrow in children under 4 and wider in subjects born before 1925. Serograms of the age distribution of antineuraminidase antibody were different in 4 out of 5 strains used which confirmed the hypothesis of Francis and Davenport of the more solid immunological response to the first exposure to virus. Parallel examinations of the antibody spectrum in human sera confirmed differences in the antigenic specificity of the "active center" of neuraminidases of A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) and A/Singapore/1/57 (H2N2) viruses and for the first time provided evidence attesting to the existence of similar strain differences in neuraminidases belonging to the N1 group. Examinations for antineuraminidase antibody in addition to antihemagglutinins increase the effectiveness of evaluation of the immunological structure of the population. PMID- 54997 TI - [Study of the antigenic relationship of different strains of the rabies group viruses]. AB - In neutralization tests in animals close antigenic relationship between human virus of acute encephalomyelitis (AEM) and viruses (297 and 598 SG strains) isolated from wild rodents in Czechoslovakia was first established. At the same time, poor antigenic relationship of human AEM virus to viruses isolated in Africa from bats (Lagos bat) and from shrews (YbAn 27377) was demonstrated. Certain differences in the antigenic properties of viruses isolated in Africa and in Czechoslovakia were found. These studies indicate the existence of many varieties in the rabies virus group. Ferther accumulation of data concerning different viruses of the rabies group is necessary as they may be helpful for elucidation of the pathology of certain neuroinfections due to viruses of this group as well as for creation of the necessary collection of the investigated strains for preparation of rabies vaccines. PMID- 54998 TI - [Detection of specific antigen in the white blood cells of cattle with leukemia by a direct fluorescent antibody method (author's transl)]. AB - The direct fluorescent antibody technique was used for detection of "specific" antigen in leukocytes of cattle with different forms of leukomia. Using fluorescein isothicoyanate-labeled immunoglobulins from colosterum of cows hyperimmunized with leukocyte mass from cattle with acute leukemia (hemocytobastosis), the "specific" antigen was detected in the cytoplasm of lymphoid and myeloid cells of animals with this and other forms of leukemia. This antigen was not detected in nuclear cells of the peripheral blood wither in normal animals or in animals with non-leukemic diseases (brucellosis, tuberculosis, various helminthic diseases) accompained by qualitative and quantitative changes in the blood similar to those leukemia. PMID- 54999 TI - [Determination of arbovirus group affiliation in the indirect hemagglutination reaction]. AB - A dry polyvalent erythrocyte immunoglobulin diagnostic preparation for arboviruses of Group B may be prepared to be used in the indirect hemagglutination test. The preparation detects antigens of arboviruses of this group in the tissue culture fluid and in suckling mouse brain tissue treated with sucrose-acetone. The test with Group B arbovirus antigens is inhibited specifically by the homologous polyvalent immune gamma globulin. Inhibition of hemagglutination by species-specific immune globulins to individual members of Group B arboviruses permits typing of tick-borne encephalitis birus only. In making the erythrocyte diagnostic preparation, the optimal concentration of the sensitizing immune gamma globulin should be determined experimentally. PMID- 55000 TI - [Alpha-Chymocutan--an antiphlogistic and resorption-promoting percutaneous drug]. PMID- 55001 TI - [Autoimmune diseases - immunological bases]. PMID- 55002 TI - [Autoimmune diseases - immunological bases]. AB - Autosensibilisations are essentially more frequent than hitherto was assumed. They, in the main, can be led back to 3 basic mechanisms: 1. Autosensibilisations by determination of the antibodies, where no immunotolerance was present, 2. fraction of the immunotolerance by antibodies (e. g. due to cross-reactions or adjuvant effects), 3. fraction of the immunotolerance by primary changes of immunocompetent cells (e. g. lymphoproliferation diseases). Even the natural immunotolerance is possibly maintained by enhancement effects of blocking autoantibodies. Pathogenic effects (auto-immune diseases) are above all to be expected, if the autoantibodies or by endogenic substances sensibilised T lymphocytes may react with the antigen and these immune reactions lead to lesions of cells or other structures. Finally for the progression is also necessary the persistence and the autonomisation of the autosensibilisation. Finally is discussed in which range the criteria for the diagnostics of an auto-immune disease derived by Milgrom and Witebsky from the animal experiment may be transposed to the clinic. PMID- 55003 TI - [Diagnostic staged program in thyroid diseases]. AB - After some physiological principal remarks the modern possibilities of the in vitro-diagnostics specific for the thyroid gland are briefly explained. The essential factors of disturbance which are necessary for the avoidance of false interpretations are mentioned. From the sequence of the description (BEJ, T4 test, T3-test, FT4-index, RIA-T3 and RIA-TSH) results the diagnostic step programme proposed by us, by means of which the majority of the functional disturbances of the thyroid gland existing may certainly be classified. Only after exhaustion of the in-vitro-diagnostics the radio-iodine-test should be performed. PMID- 55004 TI - [Alpha-fetoprotein: its significance in the monitoring of "at risk" pregnancies (author's transl)]. AB - Having plotted a curve showing the normal values of Alpha-Foeto-protein (AFP) concentration in maternal serum and amniotic fluid, its significance in the monitoring of "at risk" pregnancies was examined and critically judged in the light of statements found in the literature. According to the results gained AFP determination in maternal serum or amniotic fluid can only be used with reservation as a monitoring test in "at risk" pregnancies. In particular in Rhesus Incompatibility it was impossible to establish the degree of foetal Haemolysis or to determine the best time for premature induction. In addition an intra-uterine death could not be predicted with certainty. PMID- 55005 TI - [Results of a follow up study of small for date babies. I. Physical development (author's transl)]. AB - 74 small for date babies were investigated at the age of 10 years. The first part of the paper deals with the children's physical development and state of health. An attempt to correlate the degree of intrauterine malnutrition and postnatal development was made taking into account possible etiological factors, genetic, pre- and postnatal influences. Four children who had been exposed to several harmful intrauterine factors showed general developmental retardation. All the other childrens demonstrated normal physical development including the group who had shown signs of prolonged intrauterine malnutrition. PMID- 55006 TI - [Results of a follow up study of small for date babies. II. Mental development (author's transl)]. AB - The second part of the follow-up investigation of 74 small for date babies presents the results of neurological investigation and psychological testing. A correlation was found between the period of the intrauterine noxa and the results. A third of the children in group I (where the intrauterine influences were more severe and more prolonged) had an IQ below average. Minor cerebral damage, poor school performance and mental disturbance were significantly more common than in group II. The EEG-investigation did not contribute additional information. In both groups social factors had an important influence. PMID- 55007 TI - [Does the hexachlor-cyclohexan containing scabicide, the Jacutin, possess porphyrinogenic properties?]. PMID- 55008 TI - [Complications of talus fractures]. PMID- 55009 TI - [Immunological supervision and carcinogenesis]. PMID- 55010 TI - [Studies on mobility and prognosis in spondylitis ankylosans]. AB - 278 patients with ankylosing spondylitis have been studied in order to find a basis for prognosis by setting a mobility function index of the vertebral column. This index does not depend on manifestation age or on the blood sedimentation rate. It increases with progression of x-ray findings. A coincidence of impaired mobility and overweight is relatively frequent and function index and electrophoresis are correlated. In contrary to this study a study of the course gives probably more prognostic indications. PMID- 55011 TI - Serum and synovial fluid concentrations of alpha2 macroglobulin and alpha2 neuroamino-glycoprotein in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The serum and synovial fluid concentrations of alpha2 macroglobulin and alpha2 neuramino glycoprotein of patients with rheumatoid arthritis have been studied. For, both protein fractions have antiprotease activity and inhibit, though to different degrees, many factors concerning inflammation. Even though both fractions have certain activities in common, in rheumatoid arthritis, we neither see a parallel increase nor antagonistic actions in the case of alpha2 macroglobulin and alpha2 neuramino-glycoprotein. PMID- 55012 TI - [Staining of glial fibers (author's transl)]. AB - A new modification of the Holzer-Kanzler method is recommended. For the staining a 0.1% alcoholic crystal violet solution is used, and the second mordanting is performed with 5% potassium odide. PMID- 55013 TI - [Use of colposcopic examinations in the determination of the birth term]. AB - The authors have determined with the help of colpo-cytological examination the birth's time wich can be expected in 375 pregnancy. Their experiences: 1. With colpo-cytological examination in 76,8% of the cases they could determine the time of the expected delivery. 2. This method can offer precious facts to diagnose overcarrying. 3. This method is simple, quick, cheap, and can be performed everywhere. PMID- 55014 TI - [Urocytogram in the treatment with bleomycin]. AB - Even though Bleomycin is excreted in the urine in high concentrations, side effects in the urinary tract due to the chemical nature of this compound are seldom observed. With respect to treatment of gynecological carcinomas, it is, therefore, important to examine the effect that Bleomycin when treatment involves the use of Endoxan. Cytologically, one finds an increase in desquanmation of the transitional epithelium and an increase in degenerate cell forms. The homogenous eosinophilic cellular inclusions which are observed, are specific for neither Endoxan nor for Bleomycin treatment. The antibiotic effect of Bleomycin results in an aseptic cystitis. The urocytogramm is suitable for examining the epithelial changes of the urinary tract in context with the gynecological carcinoma treatment and also for determing tumor breakthough into the bladder. PMID- 55015 TI - [Cytotopochemistry of lipids in vaginal smears of pregnant women]. AB - The author presents a preliminary paper upon cytotopochemical evaluation of lipids in the vagina epithel in physiological and pathological gravidity to the Vth lunar month. The staining has been carried out by the method with Red Oil O. Besides that the vaginal smears have been evaluated also on the base of their pycnotic and eosinophilic index by staining after Shorr. There have been examined 94 women divided into two groups, i.e. with physiological and pathological course of gravidity and evaluated 282 smears in total. The author means that the occurence of irregularly located bigger lipid inclusions in the cytoplasma of cells is a signalisation of cytotopochemically estimated structural changes caused most probably by a disturbance of the hormonal balance. The results have been worked out statistically. PMID- 55016 TI - [The influence of small insecticide doses on the liver of chickens]. PMID- 55017 TI - [Study of human secretory immunoglobulin A. I. Obtaining monospecific antiserum to human secretory immunoglobulin A]. AB - A method of obtaining monospecific antiserum to the human secretory IgA is described. Immunochemically pure secretory IgA (isolated from human colostrum by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200) was used for immunization of rabbits or sheep. Heterologous antibodies were removed by adsorption with commercial gamma globulin, normal serum, the serum of a patient suffering from A-myeloma with the IgA polymere and purified lactoferrin. Monospecific antiserum to the secretory IgA gave a reaction of complete immunological identity with the secretory IgA and a free secretory component. PMID- 55018 TI - [Results of many years of observations on the effectiveness of the emergency seroprophylaxis of tick-borne encephalitis using homologous gamma-globulin]. PMID- 55019 TI - [Use of the oblique illumination method for characterizing N. meningitidis cultures]. AB - The authors used the method of oblique illumination for detection of the state of the population of meningococcus cultures. In studying 48 strains there were revealed three types of fluorescence of the colonies: bright orange with a transition into greenish-light blue along the lower margin (the I type), bright light blue with a narrow orange or green upper margin (the II type) and greyish light blue colonies (the III type). The type of fluorescence was not associated with the sero-group specificity. Populations of meningococcus cultures, depending on conditions and duration of growth on the nutrient medium could consist both of the colonies with the same type of fluorescence, and also represent a combination of colonies with a different type of fluorescence. The colonies of the I and II types of fluorescence had marked group specificity, but mutation occurred during passage and the III type of fluorescence formed with a loss of serological specificity. Continuous selection of the colonies of the I and the II types of fluorescence permitted to preserve the population with specific properties necessary for production of diagnostic and vaccine preparations for a long time. PMID- 55020 TI - [Study of the antigenic structure of Salmonella by means of immunoelectrophoresis]. AB - The method of immunoelectrophoretic analysis was applied to the study of the antigenic structure of 180 freshly-isolated and laboratory cultures of salmonellae belonging to 29 serological types. A complicated set of specific and common antigens of bacteria was revealed in direct and cross experiments with the use of homologous and heterogenous antisera; immunophoregrams were drawn for each of the serological type under study. General regularities in immunophoretic, diffuse and serological characteristics of the individual antigens of salmonellae were established. It was shown that different serological types of salmonellae possessed surface K antigens along with the O and H antigens. On immunophoregrams K-antigens of salmonellae were revealed in the form of a bright precipitation arch in the central or the anode zone; O antigens gave a characteristic two component precipitation line in the cathode zone of the phoregram. PMID- 55021 TI - [Heparin and the heparin-precipitated human blood plasma fraction in the rosette formation reaction]. AB - Experiments were conducted on CBA mice. The effect of heparin and of the fraction of human blood plasma precipitated by heparin (FPH) on the course of the specific immunity reaction, i.e. of rosette-formation, was studied. Inhibition of the mentioned reaction by FPH was revealed. No such effect was produced by heparin. Experiments were carried out in vitro. The results of the mentioned experiments were compared with literature data on the effect of heparin and FPH on other immunological reactions. A supposition was put forward that these substances interacting with lymphocytes had different points of application: heparin cellular membrane, FPH-superficial cell receptors. PMID- 55022 TI - [Study of the role of type-specific antigen in the process of Shigella flexneri interaction with epithelial cell and macrophage cultures]. AB - Epithelial cells of the HEp-2 line infected in parallel by genetically connected strains of Sh. flexneri, differing in the capacity to synthesize the type antigen were studied morphologically. The type antigen proved to show no significant influence on the penetration of dysentery bacilli into the cell. A study of the process of phagocytosis of the mentioned strains by a culture of peritoneal macrophages of guinea pig demonstrated that the presence of a type antigen communicated to the bacteria some selective advantages within the macrophages increasing their resistance to the action of the digestive enzymes. PMID- 55023 TI - [Obtaining purified preparations of individual Shigella newcastle K- and O antigens by using an ultracentrifugation method]. AB - A modified method of obtaining the purified K- and O-antigens of Sh. newcastle with the use of ultracentrifugation is described. Serologically individual K- and O-antigens were obtained and their chemical composition was studied. Polysaccharide of the K-antigen consisted of the galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, rhamnose xylose and hexosamine; it contained no heptoses. The O-antigen contained galactose, glucose, mannose, rhamnose, heptose and hexosamine; in difference to K-antigen was equal to 150000--160000. Thus, the K- and the O antigen differed not only in the electrophoretic and diffuse mobility and immunological specificity, but also in the chemical composition. PMID- 55024 TI - [The role of microsocial and psychological factors in the development of stable psychological changes in children]. AB - The author conducted a clinical study of 305 children with epilepsy, the results of which were correlated with stable psychic changes, microsocial, psychological factors and identical heredity. It was established that pathological personality traits in the parents, a situation of conflicts in the family and a wrong rearing were significantly higher in mentally changed epileptic children. An identical hereditary loading does not form significant correlations with stable mental changes. The conclusion is being made that an unfavourable situation may exert a certain impact on the formation of a character in children with eilepsy. PMID- 55025 TI - [The role of maternal contact in the psychological development of a child]. PMID- 55026 TI - [Isolation of carcinoembryonic antigen]. AB - A method employed in the authors' laboratory for isolating the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) from tumours of the entodermal digestive tract and their metastases is described. The main step is fractionation of the preparations obtained by perchloric acid extraction using gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, Sepharose 4 B, and Sepharose 6 B at pH 4.5 and 7.0. The peaks with CEA-specific antigeneity were characterized by the distribution coefficient of the CEA between the mobile and the stationary phases (Kav), and by the relative elution volume (ve/vo). The CEA purified by gel filtration could not reliably be enriched through preparative electrophoresis in Sephadex G-25 gel, polyacrylamide gel or Pevikon powder. The isolation procedures used were compared with those reported in the literature, and the results obtained are discussed. PMID- 55027 TI - [Total resection of prostate and vesicle. Sacrococcygeal approach (author's transl)]. AB - The author's technique is illustrated with 10 cases. It is an enlarged approach compared to the classical sacrococcygeal approach, that supposes opening of the sacral canal and location of the last sacrococcygeal nerve endings. The sacrum is divided as high as possible, usually at the level of the middle of S4. This yields excellent view of the junction between prostatic apex and membranous urethra. Section of the urethra at the chosen level can be very precise and completely preserves the innervation and vascularisation of the membranous urethre together with the sphincter function. Resection originates with division of urethra followed by uplifting of prostate and vesicles after ligation and division of the vascular pedicles. The anterior aspect of the bladder is opened and the trigone located. This makes possible the circumscription of the cervix and finally the division of the vas deferens and their vasculatures. This removes the prostate, seminal vesicles, vas ampullae and Denonvilliers aponeurosis en bloc, while scrupulously following the classical rules of carcinologic resection. Reconstruction is obtained either by direct anastomosis between anterior bladder wall and urethra, if enough tissue is available, the opening being closed like a racket; either by inserting a tube flap of reversed Boari type, taken from the anterior and lateral bladder wall. Urinary continency was complete within 3 months in 7 of the 10 operated patients. Two had stress incontinency. They both had extensive lesions and one had invasion of the membranous urethra and bladder cervix, the other had osseous sacrococcygeal matastases. A third patient contends he is incontinent 6 months after operation without obvious functional or neurological disturbance. The author advocates the present technique for its good results concerning continency. However it is still a preliminary work comprising only 10 cases. PMID- 55028 TI - [Osseous fibrosarcoma--Laboratory and clinical evaluation (author's transl)]. PMID- 55029 TI - Clinical and haemostatic parameters related to thromboembolism and low-dose heparin prophylaxis in major surgery. AB - In a study of 112 patients undergoing elective major surgery clinical and haemostatic data was followed in connection with a double-blind investigation on the effect of subcutaneous low-dose heparin prophylaxis. None of the patients developed severe thromboembolism but according to lung photoscanning and leg scanning 41 of the patients had deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. Clinically thromboembolism appeared within 4 days after operation. In 22 patients with epidural anaesthesia the incidence of thromboembolism was lower than in the patients with general anaesthesia. The extension of the operation was positively correlated to a higher incidence of thromboembolism. The surgical trauma was reflected in most of the routine haemostatic laboratory parameters, hiding possible minor changes caused by subclinical thromboembolic complications. The low doses of heparin could only be detected with more sensitive methods. A comparison of sodium and calcium heparin administered subcutaneously revealed no significant differences. PMID- 55030 TI - Evaluation of the different techniques utilized in diagnosing breast lesions. AB - This study demonstrates the practical advantage of using more than one technique in evaluating breast tumors. Thionin stained, frozen sections and H & E stained, paraffin-embedded, permanent sections yielded a high degree of accuracy in differentiating benign from malignant lesions. Papanicolaou stain is essential for evaluating cytologic material. Special stains, enzyme histochemistry, and examination by SEM and transmission microscopy are essential in identifying the various cellular components of mammary tumors. On the basis of these techniques, fibroadenomas were defined as tumors of stromal cells of the lobule and sclerosing adenosis as a benign proliferation of myoepithelial cells; and it was suggested that mammary cancers may arise from myoepithelial ductal epithelial, or ductular epithelial cells. The behavior of the tumor is related to its cell of origin. PMID- 55031 TI - A comparative study of tumor cells from metastatic carcinoma of the breast in effusions. AB - Fluids caused by metastatic tumors in body cavities were reviewed for the 20 year period of 1953 through 1972. Presented is a study of 115 cases of effusions secondary to metastatic breast carcinoma with emphasis on recognizing cytologic criteria for various breast tumors and determining which cells occur with consistency. Utilizing various characteristics of both individual and aggregates of malignant cells, specific guidelines were established. Delineating characteristics include cell size, individual cell morphology, and pattern of cellular adherence. These criteria allowed the differentiation between infiltrating ductal carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and lobular carcinoma as well as metastatic tumors from other sites. PMID- 55032 TI - Cytologic studies of malignant melanoma of the vagina. AB - Four cases of primary malignant melanoma of the vagina are described and discussed with respect to vaginal smears. Two cases treated with radiotherapy began to increase the amount of the melanin pigment during the course of irradiation. Characteristic cytologic features found in the four cases are summarized as follows: a) Distribution of cell 1) Scattering, no tendency of grouping 2) Moderate anisocytosis and anisokaryosis b) Cytoplasm 1) Cyanophilic wispy cytoplasm 2) Indistinct cytoplasmic rim 3) Relatively clear cytoplasm 4) Relatively low N/C ratio c) Melanin pigment 1) In melanoma cells-finely granular and diffusely packed in cytoplasm 2) In histiocytes-coarsely granular and densely packed in cytoplasm d) Nucleus 1) Extremely eccentric nucleus 2) Thin and irregular nuclear membrane 3) Relatively regular chromatin distribution 4) Finely or moderately granular chromatin pattern 5) Prominent nucleolus 6) Giant malignant cells (3-4 nuclei) 7) Intranuclear vacuole (punched out). PMID- 55033 TI - The extraction and partial purification of the deoxycholate-soluble matrix protein from human plantar horny layer. AB - The electron-dense, amorphous matrix protein in human horny cells was extracted with deoxycholate. The deoxycholate-soluble material was partially purified by differential centrifugation and molecular sieve chromatography. Approximately 44% of the total protein was extracted into the 270,000 g supernatant fraction. Macroaggregates with histochemical characteristics indentical with those in situ keratohyalin granules were formed upon dialysing the 270,000 g supernatant fraction against redistilled water. Antibody was raised to the purified material of the initial peak from the Sepharose 6B column. The resulting antiserum yielded a single precipitin line when tested against the immunizing antigen. Electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate showed this antigenic material to be heterogeneous. It was immunologically homogeneous when this antigenic material was examined by immuno-electrophoresis. Since the antibody was localized on the keratohyalin granules of human planter skin by indirect immunofluorescence, the partially purified, deoxycholate-soluble material from human plantar horny layers is considered to originate from keratohyalin granules. Amino acid analysis revealed a high content of glycine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid, and a low content of histidine and leucine. PMID- 55034 TI - Surface ultrastructure of human skin. AB - The normal human skin surface was studied with a combination of scanning electron microscope, surface replication method, and transmission electron microscope. All specimens were prepared with the critical point drying (CPD) method. Horny cells were found to stack up in columnar fashion with their peripheries overlapping. The surface of a non-nucleated horny cell, therefore, showed a dome-shaped elevation in the center, transmitting the nuclear bulge of the underlying granular cells; parallel double lines at the periphery representing its true cell border and depressed, step-like imprint of the cell border of the cell which once overlapped; and on high magnification the true surface of the separated desmosomes. The surfaces of the horny cells showed many bizarre marks but were relatively smooth. The underside of the surface horny cells, however, bore villi except in areas overlapping the periphery of the underlying cell. Tissue cultured keratinocytes also stacked up when the keratinized and the cell periphery also overlapped. However, the overlapped cell border did not leave the imprint on the underlying cell, probably because of the lack of pressure from above. PMID- 55035 TI - Embryology of the epidermis: ultrastructural aspects. III. Maturation and primary appearance of dendritic cells in the mouse with mammalian comparisons. AB - The epidermis of mice ranging in age from prenatal day 17 through postnatal day 4 and, in addition, postnatal day 18, was studied with the electron microscope. In the 17 day fetus, the periderm may or may not be present and a stratum corneum is developing in the latter case. The cells of the strata spinosum and granulosum contain much glycogen and many keratinosomes and homogeneous keratohyalin granules which appear to line up in a row near the distal cell membranes, fuse and form keratinized cells which contain material similar in density to that of the individual keratohyalin granules. In the 18 to 20 day fetuses, no periderm is present. The stratum corneum becomes well-developed. The quantity of glycogen decreases but the number of keratinosomes and keratohyalin granules increases. Some cells in the basal region contain necrotic phagocytosed cells. Few changes occur in the epidermis of the neonate, although the stratum corneum increases in thickness. In the early postnatal period, the mouse epidermis is mature in appearance and resembles that of man. By postnatal day 18, the whole epidermis is much thinner, although all classical strata can usually be identified. The primary appearance and subsequent maturation of epidermal dendritic cells was also studied in the mouse during the embryonic, fetal, early postnatal and 18 day postnatal periods. Melanocytes which lacked cell processes were first identified in the 15 day fetus. Melanocyte cell processes and an increasing number of melanosomes, as well as melanocytes, are present between prenatal day 18 and postnatal day 3. On postnatal day 4, fewer melanocytes are present and they contain vacuoles. Phagocytosed melanocytes are also present within basal keratinocytes. Undifferentiated dendritic cells or indeterminate cells are observed beginning on prenatal day 16. These cells do not appear to increase significantly in number subsequently. On postnatal day 18, Langerhans cells and indeterminate cells are present but no melanocytes can be identified. No Merkel cells were observed. Mitotic dendritic cells or dendritic cells traversing the basal lamina were not observed. PMID- 55036 TI - Ultrastructural features of mast cells in systemic mastocytosis. AB - A 3-year-old boy with systemic mastocytosis has been observed since the age of 4 months when he was first diagnosed as suffering from urticaria pigmentosa. Involvement of skin, liver, spleen and bones was observed. The electron microscopy of skin and liver revealed varied alterations in the morphology of mast cells. The most important findings were irregularly-shaped cells and unusual long and interdigitated cytoplasmic villi, with consequent aggregation of mast cells which was more prominent in the dermis. Proliferation and accumulation of mitochondria in one part of the cell and deeply indented nuclei were frequent. The problem, whether the morphological changes encountered--especially the complex interdigitation of villi--should be interpreted as a sign of expected neoplastic development, is discussed. PMID- 55037 TI - Ultrastructural changes in scleromyxedema. AB - Skin biopsy specimens from a 60-year-old patient with paraproteinemia and generalized changes of the skin typical of scleromyxedema were studied with the electron microscope. The dermis was dominated by collagen fibrils and accumulations of peculiar connective tissue cells, while elastic tissue was sparse and in some areas completely absent. Large, sharply demarcated areas of a filamentous material were occasionally observed. The collagen fibrils were often surrounded by thin filaments with a periodic segmentation and by many glycosaminoglycan (mucopolysaccharide) filaments. The elastic fibres contained large amounts of elastic fibrils and small amounts of a homogenous matrix. The cytoplasm of the above-mentioned cells was dominated by lysosomes in different stages of development, often occupying almost all the cytoplasmic area. The collagen fibrils were found in close relation to these cells, frequently inside invaginations of the cells. Furthermore, collagen fibrils were observed free in the cytoplasmic area and inside the lysosomes, indicating lysosomal degradation of collagen. PMID- 55038 TI - Treatment of generalized scleroderma with inhibitors of connective tissue formation. AB - 103 patients suffering from generalized scleroderma were studied in order to assess the effect of treatment with inhibitors of connective tissue formation. 93 patients with generalized scleroderma were given D-penicillamine, benzyl penicillin-diethylamino-ethyl-ester hydroiodide, adrenal glucocorticoids, dextro thyroxine, hydralazine, and "mixed treatment" (one or several of the drugs in consecutive courses, or concurrently). The effect of dextrothyroxine could not be evaluated in this study. No improvement could be seen after adrenocortical steroid therapy. Hydralazine seemed to be effective. D-penicillamine improved 25 of 34 treated patients; penicillin hydroiodide 12 out of 16. The dermal sclerosis of 6 patients regressed completely; in 16, sclerosis regressed with the exception of finger sclerosis; in 32, partial regression was registered; 20 had their progression arrested, but there was no regression; in 19 cases, there was no effect whatsoever. The prognosis seemed to be better for young than for old people. The age at onset was lower in the better groups. The higher the total dose, the better the results. The length of the treatment course is probably of some significance. The short-lasting cases had better prospects than the longer lasting. Ten untreated patients of this material and 11 patients seen earlier showed continued progression. Side effects leading to discontinuation of the drugs were seen in a substantial number of patients, especially after D penicillamine. Twelve deaths could not be related to the treatments. PMID- 55039 TI - T- and B-cells and IgE in mycosis fungoides. AB - The role of T- and B-lymphocytes and serum IgE was studied in 22 patients with mycosis fungoides. The distribution of B-cells in peripheral blood was normal, while the mean percentage of T-cells was significantly lower than in 14 healthy controls. Four patients with mycosis fungoides in stages I to IV had a highly elevated serum IgE, while serum IgE in remaining patients was slightly elevated, normal, or subnormal. The mean serum IgE level was not significantly elevated. Our results tend to show that a reduced ability to react with cellular immunity may be an important factor in mycosis fungoides. This may have therapeutic aspects. PMID- 55040 TI - Deposition of fibrinogen (FR-antigen) in skin diseases. II. Pustulosis palmaris et plantaris (with special reference to heparin-precipitable fraction). AB - Ten out-patients with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris were examined with direct immunofluorescence (IF) technique for deposition of fibrinogen, fibrin or its degradation products (FR-antigen) in affected and unaffected skin, together with heparin-precipitable fraction (HPF), cryoglobulin and total plasma fibrinogen in the blood. FR-antigen was found in all cases in affected skin as a uniform pattern of a continuous ramification below the dermo-epidermal junction. This IF picture was absent in unaffected skin, but in other parts of the dermis in affected and unaffected skin, scattered streaks of IF could be seen. In one case, however, unevenly distributed IF was found in unaffected skin in the junction area. The scattered IF was also present in a minor degree in affected and unaffected skin in a control material of other dermatoses. Only one patient had slightly elevated values of HPF (0.33 mg/ml). Total plasma fibrinogen was insignificantly elevated, and no cryoglobulin could be found. PMID- 55041 TI - Attempts to induce sensitization in guinea pigs with nickel complexes. AB - A technique for the induction of sensitization in pigs with a nickel-alanine conjugate has been reported by other investigators. Similar results were observed in our experiments in mini-pigs. However, using the identical technique, we were unable to induce sensitization in guinea pigs with NiSO4, with nickel-alanine or other nickel-amino acid complexes, or with a complex of nickel with soluble guinea pig skin extract. These results indicate that nickel-amino acid complexes and nickel-guinea pig skin complex were not antigenic in guinea pigs with this technique. Hypotheses for the apparent failure to induce sensitization are proposed. PMID- 55042 TI - Lentiginosis profusa syndrome. IV. Giant pigment granules (light microscopy). AB - Ionically separated epidermal sheets from pigmentations of two patients with lentiginosis profusa were incubated in dopa (3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine) and slide-mounted. Light microscopy revealed intracellular giant pigment granules which appeared like those seen with von Recklinghausen's disease. PMID- 55043 TI - Acanthoma fissuratum--spectacle frame acanthoma. AB - The development of a cutaneous nodule at the site of friction of spectacles has been discussed by several authors. In all but one case the lesion occurred behind the ears. The only previous report of this acquired tumour occurring on the nose is that of Farrell & Wilson (4). It is suggested that this problem is relatively common and most frequently presents when mistaken for basal cell epithelioma or when identified in medical personnel. A further six cases of this neglected tumour occurring on the nose are described. PMID- 55044 TI - Plasma cell granulomas in non-lipemic xanthomatosis: apparent induction by indomethacin. AB - A 71-year-old man with non-lipemic, generalized, plane xanthomas developed nodules and tumors within one month of starting indomethacin therapy. These enlarged and spread during 5 months of daily indomethacin but promptly and spontaneously involuted when the indomethacin was discontinued. Within 4 months, the nodules and tumors were completely gone. The process is viewed as an "indoderma", i.e. a granulomatous drug reaction, analogous to an iododerma. PMID- 55045 TI - Large doses of glucocorticoid in the treatment of alopecia areata. AB - Severe extensive alopecia areata (totalis) was treated with prednisolone as a single 2 g dose i.v. (22 patients) or 0.5 g daily for 5 days orally (13 patients). Four of the patients responded well, 12 had a poor response and 19 had no response. There was a relapse in some at about 6 months, which could be arrested by a further single i.v. dose, but the risks of this form of therapy are unclear and it cannot be recommended for general use. The clinical response to a single dose of corticosteroid implies, however, that there may be a 'switch' mechanism in certain auto-immune diseases, with an all-or-none response. PMID- 55046 TI - Venous leg ulceration: skin and serum zinc concentrations. AB - Zinc was measured in serum and in thigh skin in patients with venous leg ulceration and also in controls. Skin zinc concentrations were expressed in terms of area and dry weight. The mean serum zinc concentration was significantly lowered in the ulcer group. The thigh skin zinc concentration was elevated in patients with chronic venous leg ulceration. The difference was more marked if the zinc concentration was calculated per surface area of skin, but did not reach statistical significance. PMID- 55047 TI - Asymptomatic male and female gonorrhoea. AB - Three hundred and ninety-nine patients attending the out-patient clinic of the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Rigshospital, Copenhagen, for various venereal complaints were examined during a three-month trial. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was found in 75 female and 89 male patients. 43 women (57%) and 13 men (15%) were asymptomatic at the first visit. The duration of the asymptomatic period exceeded 3 weeks in 25 female (33%) and 7 male (8%) patients. The asymptomatic period in the male group varied from 15 to 90 days and from 4 to 180 days in the females. The majority of the patients with asymptomatic gonorrhoea had been exposed to a sexual contact with proven gonococcal infection, thus emphasizing the importance of contact investigation. PMID- 55048 TI - Letter: Side effects of long-term low-dosage tetracycline for acne. PMID- 55049 TI - Progesterone-binding globulin and testosterone-binding activity in guinea pig serum during pregnancy: relationship to progesterone and oestrogens. AB - Progesterone levels in serum have been determined throughout pregnancy in guinea pigs by a competitive protein-binding technique, using pregnant guinea pig plasma protein as binding agent. The concentrations of this protein (progesterone binding globulin, PBG) as well as the testosterone-binding activity (TBA) have been quantitated by means of equilibrium dialysis. In order to correlate these parameters to the endogenous oestrogen production, the urinary oestrogen excretion was recorded. The concentration of progesterone, PBG and TBA showed a sharp rise on days 14-18 of gestation, reaching a maximal level on days 30-44. The progesterone level thereafter declined significantly towards parturition, followed by a sharp drop post partum. PBG and TBA followed a similar course, the decline towards parturition, however, being non significant. Neither progesterone, PBG nor TBA were significantly correlated to the urinary oestrogen excretion. The concentration of PGB was remarkably high, amounting to 1-2 x 10( 5) M during most of the guinea pig pregnancy. This binding capacity generally exceeded the endogenous progesterone concentration by a factor of 20, as calculated on a molar basis. A mean of 64% of the binding sites was available for testosterone binding, corresponding to a free binding capacity of 400 mug testosterone per 100 ml. PMID- 55050 TI - Demonstration of analogues to the human pregnancy zone protein in animals. AB - The pregnancy zone protein (PZ) is known to occur in increased amounts during pregnancy and hormonal treatment. Analogues of this human serum alpha2-globulin were demonstrated in animals by double gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Direct cross-reactions were found for Rhesus monkey and beagle dog against anti human pregnancy zone protein. After preparation of an "anti-dog PZ" serum it was possible to demonstrate analogues also in cow and sheep. Thus, the present investigation demonstrated animal analogues to the human pregnancy zone protein, which should be valuable for studies of the biological role of this protein. PMID- 55051 TI - Binding of iodinated angiotensin congeners to angiotensin II antibodies. AB - Antibodies against angiotensin II (A II) were generated in rabbits by immunization with val5-angiotensin II coupled to albumin. All antisera bound significant amounts of 125I-labelled A II hepta (2-8) and hexapeptide (3-8), but angiotensin I (A I) was not bound. High specificity for A II was found in 3 sera out of 10. The other sera showed above 50% cross-reaction with hepta- or hexapeptide, or both. No sera were found to cross-react with A I. The amino acids in position 1 and 2 may become additional immunological determinants, providing the basis for the generation of antibodies highly specific for A II. Labelling with 125I using the chloramine method may alter the immunoreactivity of angiotensin congeners. Selected antisera against A II may be used for radioimmunoassays of the biologically active angiotensin "III" (2-8 heptapeptide) and the 3-8 hexapeptide fragment of A II. PMID- 55052 TI - Porosity and surface area of anionic resins: limitations in the employment of model substrates for the colloidal iron reaction. AB - Quantitative evaluations of the uptake of an acid ferric hydroxide sol revealed the iron binding of model substrates unrelated to their ion binding capacity. Electron microscopy showed iron particles bound exclusively or mainly to the surfaces of model substrates. Morphometric estimations resulted in a good agreement of the surface/volume ratio with the amount of bound iron. The results are discussed with regard to the steric hindrance of the colloidal iron reaction resulting in a nonstoichiometric interaction. PMID- 55053 TI - Absorbances of hematoxylin solutions at varying pH levels. AB - An alum hematoxylin was prepared (0.5 g hematoxylin, 8 g potassium alum, distilled water 477.5 ml and Na10(3) solution, 1 mg/ml, 22.5 ml) and divided into 50 ml aliquots. The pH of these aliquots was adjusted with 2 1/2% NaOH or 10% H2SO4. As soon as the pH of a sample was adjusted the absorbance from 400 to 700 nm was recorded with a Cary 15 spectrophotometer using specially designed cuvettes and undiluted samples. The following day the absorbances at peak were measured on a Coleman Jr. spectrophotometer and three days later a variety of tissues was stained with each solution. The pH and peak of absorbance of the aliquots were pH = 2.0 450 NM, 2.5 505, 2.6 507, 2.7 515, 2.8 520, 2.9 530, 3.0 540, 3.1 550, 3.3 560, 3.5 560. In the stained material in the intensity of nuclear staining was about the same at all pH levels but non-specific staining was greatest in slides stained at pH = .5 and virtually absent in slides stained at pH = 2.0. At intermediate pH levels the amount of non-specific staining was intermediate. PMID- 55054 TI - Feulgen staining of mammalian tissues fixed in picro-formol-acetic acid. AB - The paper describes a highly satisfactory method for in situ localization of DNA in tissues fixed in picro-formol-acetic acid or picro-formol-acetic-chromic acid mixtures following a technique in the Feulgen procedure as devised by the author. Mammalian tissues fixed in these fixatives can be hydrolysed in 6N HCl at 35 degrees C for 10 min, rinsed in water, stained with Schiff reagent after exposing the sections under UV light for 10 min, washed in water, dehydrated through a graduated series of ethanol, cleared in xylol and mounted in DPX. Sections of tissues fixed in picro-formol-acetic-chromic acid mixtures after acid hydrolysis when stained with an aqueous solution of basic fuchsin are also found to be very satisfactory for in situ localization of DNA. PMID- 55055 TI - Immunological studies on bronchial secretion. II. Antibodies against bronchial secretion in systemic lupus erythematosus and asthmatic patients. AB - Bronchial secretion was tested by double gel-diffusion with sera from 100 asthmatic patients, 72 systemic lupus erythematosus patients, 29 patients with other diseases and 31 normal individuals. Positive gel-diffusion reactions were observed only in the sera from two patients with S.L.E. Sera from 100 asthmatic patients, 29 non-allergic patients and 31 normal individuals, tested with bronchial secretion by the passive haemagglutination and inhibition test, showed only three positive reactions with sera from asthmatic patients. Two problems were discussed: the immunological relationship between antigenic determinants found in the sputum and serum in S.L.E. patients; and the possibility that the bronchial secretion being reabsorbed might act as an auto-antigen. PMID- 55056 TI - Stereometric observations on the hypothalamic neurosecretory system of the spotted owlet, Athene brama Temminck, in total preparations. AB - The configuration of the HNS of the spotted owlet, Athene brama Temminck, was studied by employing the bulk-staining technique. This enabled a three dimensional view of the HNS. The neurons of the SON are distributed into three divisions, namely, the preoptic, median and lateral. The PVN is U-shaped; the distal portion of the arms of the U extends laterally to form the lateral division of the PVN, which remains in continuity with the lateral division of the SON. The periventricular division of the PVN joins ventrally the median division of the SON. Unlike in the passerine birds, in the spotted owlet the PVN is more prominently developed than the SON. Since the axonal pathways are not stained, the proximal portion of the hypothalamo-hypophysial tract could not be demonstrated in bulk-stained preparations. Hence it was not possible to trace with certainty the origin of the axonal terminations in the ME and in the NL. Anterior of the ME, the tract branches into two; one branch enters the zona externa to the ME and the other is continued into the NL. The ME is divisible into an AF-positive anterior region and an AF-negative posterior region. The NL is saccular and heavily loaded with the NSM. Studies on the HNS of the spotted owlet by the bulk-staining technique reveal that the general configuration of the system is comparable to that of the HNS of birds studied previously. PMID- 55057 TI - Brain involvement in Whipple's disease: a case report. AB - A man of 22 with Whipple's disease suffered from a acute febrile state and unconsciousness. Focal inflammatory lesions accompanied by large numbers of peculiar macrophages occurred in thalamus and basal ganglia. The electron microscopic findings conform to previous reports on brain involvement in Whipple's disease. PMID- 55058 TI - The distribution of intravenously administered peroxidase in the optic nerve head of rabbit and monkey. AB - Peroxidase was used as an histologic tracer to study the permeability properties of the tissues in the optic nerve head of rabbit and monkey. The distribution of the tracer was observed by light microscopy. Within a short time after intravenous injection peroxidase was located extravascularly in the optic nerve head. The present study confirms earlier reports of a defect in the blood-optic nerve barrier in the region of the optic nerve head. The tracer was found to have reached the connective tissue of the optic nerve head, and to a lesser degree the optic nerve tissue proper. The observations made it probable that peroxidase had reached the connective tissue of the optic nerve head by diffusion from the perineural chorid and sclera. PMID- 55059 TI - Effect of anti-alpha-fetoprotein serum on growth and plating efficiency of alpha fetoprotein-producing hepatoma cells in vitro. AB - The effect of a specific rabbit antiserum to rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was examined on the growth and the plating efficiency of AFP-producing rat hepatoma cells (AH70Btc Clone 10-5) in cultures. The addition of anti-AFP serum to the culture medium inhibited cell growth moderately and inhibited plating efficiency markedly, although no inhibitory effect of complexes of AFP and antibody to AFP was observed on cell growth. Anti-AFP globulin in the immune serum was demonstrated on the cell surface by fluorescent antibody technique. Several clones producing low levels of AFP were obtained by long-term treatment of the original Clone 10-5 cells with anti-AFP serum. These treated clones showed characteristics that differed from the untreated original clone 10-5 cells: The relative plating efficiency of the treated clones on agar plates containing 5% anti-AFP serum was higher than the original Clone 10-15 cells and the amount of AFP secreted by the treated clones was lower. PMID- 55060 TI - Effects of long-term treatment with procaine amide. A prospective study with special regard to ANF and SLE in fast and slow acetylators. AB - During 1970-75 a total of 42 patients have been subjected to long-term treatment with procaine amide (PrA) because of different cardiac arrhythmias and have been observed up to over 5 years. Among these patients 35 (83%) developed a significantly increased titer of ANF and of these, 12 patients (29%) developed a "classical" drug-induced SLE syndrome. In the SLE group all but 2 improved rapidly after cessation of PrA, and the ANF titer decreased continuously but slowly in both groups. Acetylation test with sulphamidine and/or isoniazid in 11 patients among the SLE cases showed 8 slow and 3 fast acetylators. Among 12 patients who also had received PrA for a long time, but had not shown any signs of an SLE syndrome, there were 10 fast and 2 slow acetylators. PMID- 55061 TI - Recent advances on the neurophysiological bases of pain sensation. PMID- 55062 TI - The histocompatibility-linked immune response genes. PMID- 55063 TI - Selection of biochemically variant, in some cases mutant, mammalian cells in culture. PMID- 55065 TI - The effects of histamine liberators and exogenous histamine on wound healing in rat. AB - The effects of compound 48/80, adenosine-5-triphosphate (ATP) and exogenous histamine (Hi) on the healing of excised surface wound and tensile strength of surgical skin wound in rat were studied. The chemicals were injected directly into the wound area. 48/80, ATP and exogenous Hi were found to stimulate the wound healing as measured by collagen formation, tensile strength examination and a measurement of the surface circular wound. When given separately, the order of activities was: 48/80 is greater than ATP is greater than Hi; when administered together as a mixture, compound 48/80, ATP and exogenous Hi also accelerated the wound healing. The mixture shortened the healing process by about 5 days as compared with 17 days in control. PMID- 55064 TI - The influence of phosphatidyl serine on the release of histamine from isolated rat mast cells induced by different agents. AB - The influence of phosphatidyl serine (PS) on histamine release from isolated rat mast cells induced by antigen, compound 48/80, adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), the ionophore A23187, and decylamine was studied. PS enhanced antigen-induced release but inhibited the release caused by compound 48/80, A23187, and decylamine. PS did not influence the release induced by ATP. The different effects of PS on the action of the various histamine releasing agents do not conform to a unifying model for the action of PS on the release process. Possible interactions between PS and the agents in the incubation medium as well as at specific reactive sites on the plasma membrane might explain some of the effects of PS. Consequently, the results cannot be used as evidence for the existence of basic differences in the release process induced by various calcium- and energy dependent releasing agents. PMID- 55066 TI - Study on hepatitis B antigen subtypes in donors with antigenaemia and viral hepatitis patients in several towns of the Soviet Union. PMID- 55067 TI - Management of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 55068 TI - Screening in child care. AB - For a disease to be susceptible to screening, it should be definable, important and treatable. Treatment begun earlier on the basic of discovery through screening must have some advantage. The period between first possible detection and optimal time for treatment must be substantial. Adequate facilities and resources for evaluation and care must be available. Finally, there must be a valid, low-cost test for the disease and there must not be a high cost associated with false-positive or false-negative results. PMID- 55069 TI - Periodic fibrillar material in intracellular vesicles and in electron-dense bodies in chondrocytes of rat costal and tracheal cartilage at various ages. AB - The occurrence of intracellular fibrillar material (frequently banded) has been studied in normal costal and tracheal chondrocytes of rats at various ages ranging from 1 to 90 days. The study methods have included digestion with collagenase, electron histochemical techniques and routine electron microscopy. Banded fibrillar material has been observed intracellularly in vesicles or in electron-dense bodies in perichondrial and subperichondrial chondrocytes from rats of all ages. These fibrils and extracellular collagen fibrils are partially and equally degradable by collagenase, they are positive after staining with phosphotungstic acid or with silver nitrate methenamine, and their lucency corresponds with that of collagen when they are stained only with lead citrate. They have not been observed in intracellular clefts. They, therefore, seem to be formed intracellularly and to be exocytosed subsequently. Large vesicles and electron-dense bodies seem to be derived from Golgi saccules. A mechanism whereby banded intracellular fibrils could be formed from tropocollagen molecules is postulated. The frequency of occurrence and the diameter of intracellular fibrils seems to increase with increasing age. PMID- 55070 TI - The stimulatory effects of diethylstilbestrol and diethylstilbestrol diphosphate on the reticuloendothelial cells of the rat spleen. AB - The effects of the estrogenic compounds, diethylstilbestrol (DS) and diethylstilbestrol dophosphate (DSP) on morphologically demonstrable characteristics of reticuloendothelial (RE) cells were studied in rat spleen. These included metalophilia, acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and phagocytosis. Routine histological and histochemical techniques were used to determine the distribution of metalophilic cells, hydrolytic enzymes, the presence of intracytoplasmic PAS-positive material, hemosiderin sequestration, and the ability to phagocytose injected carbon particles and bacterial organisms. Changes in these parameters associated with increased RE function were observed in several regions of spleens of DS or DSP-treated animals. The marginal metalophils at the periphery of the nodule, normally not phagocytic in animals of the age studied, became phagocytic and demonstrated increased metalophilic and enzymatic activity. The red pulp was characterized by increased densities of cells in pulp cords demonstrating metalophilia, hydrolytic enzyme activity, PAS positivity and hemosiderin. Phagocytosed material was limited to cells in the pulp cord. The reactions of the sinus-lining cells were not affected by this treatment. Results indicated that the marginal metalophils have the capacity to become fully functional RE cells under the influence of these drugs. PMID- 55071 TI - Electrophoretic abnormalities in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and cancer sera. AB - It was previously shown (Am J Clin Pathol 55: 65-67, 1971) that sera from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) produce a characteristic pattern on disk-acrylamide gels. Other observations indicating the presence of immunosuppressive proteins in the sera of patients with cancer suggested the search for characteristic protein patterns employing the same technic. Utilizing sera from patients with various types of malignancies and appropriate controls, the results appear to indicate that there is a consistent and distinctive pattern to the gels. The nature of the (different) protein(s) remains to be elucidated. PMID- 55072 TI - Serum antithrombin in coronary-artery disease. AB - Serum antithrombin activity (AA) was correlated with coronary angiographic findings in 69 patients with documented angina. There was excellent correlation between normal values and normal coronary circulation or only one-vessel stenosis in 30 of 35 patients (86%). When AA was above 90%, 90% of patients (20 of 22) had normal circulation or one-vessel occlusion. In 24 patients AA values were significantly decreased. Coronary angiography in this group revealed three with normal circulation or only one-vessel involvement (10%); 21 of 24 had two or three vessels occluded (90%). The correlation between severe CAD and low AA is probably coincidental to a "triggered" or "turned-on" clotting system. The most practical clinical contribution of AA estimation relates to this capacity to identify angina patients in whom clot-preventive measures (aspirin; dipyridamole; anticoagulants) might prove beneficial. PMID- 55073 TI - Neutrophil granules: A review. AB - Hematologists are familiar with the granules of leukocytes because they serve as a means of identification of certain white blood cells.19 It is now generally appreciated that the granules of neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) store antibacterial agents and lysosomal enzymes until they are needed for the killing and digestion of phagocytized microorganisms.16 Within the framework of this well-known setting, this article presents some new data on the mode of formation and chemical content of PMN granules. In particular, the traditional view that azurophil (nonspecific) granules change into specific granules will be challenged. PMID- 55074 TI - Pelvic exenteration. PMID- 55075 TI - A quantitative study of the pregnancy zone protein in sera of woman taking oral contraceptives. AB - By means of a single radial immunodiffusion the concentration of "the pregnancy zone protein" (PZ) was measured in sera from women taking oral contraceptive drugs. Woman taking only 0.3 mg. of norethisterone were found not to induce measurable amounts of PZ, whereas women taking combined contraceptive drugs showed a significant rise in concentration of PZ. After six months' treatment, 1 mg. of norethisterone and 0.1 mg. of meastranol daily were found to give an average concentration of PZ amounting to 59 mg. per 100 ml., that is, approximately half of the concentration of PZ in sera from women during the last trimester of pregnancy. Different combined contraceptive pills gave rise to different concentrations of PZ. PMID- 55076 TI - Localization of hepatitis B surface antigen in conventional paraffin sections of the liver. Comparison of immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase, and orcein staining methods with regard to their specificity and reliability as antigen marker. AB - Hepatitis B antigen (HBAg) has been demonstrated in conventional formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissue by peroxidase and fluorescent immunostaining as well as by orcein. Complete locational and morphologic identity is seen between material stained by specific immunologic methods and by orcein. The antigen is restricted to the cytoplasm and is generally observed in the hepatocyte; it is present in three morphologic forms. Certain morphologic forms can even be identified in hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue. Results of immunostaining procedures indicate that the antigen demonstrated in this study consists entirely of surface coat of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg). This seems to be the only component revealed by orcein staining. The latter is considered to be a good marker of the surface antigen and to have certain advantages over immunostaining. It is suggested that suitability of conventional paraffin sections for the detection of HBAg has wide and important implications. PMID- 55077 TI - Ultrastructural localization of histones in chronic erythremic myelosis. AB - The localization of histones was studied ultrastructurally with the use of the ammoniacal silver stain in erythroid precursors from 6 patients with chronic erythremic myelosis (Di Guglielmo syndrome), 3 patients with severe untreated pernicious anemia, 2 patients with untreated autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and 4 presumedly normal individuals. Silver deposits, indicative of sites of arginine rich histone within nuclei, were not observed in proerythroblasts from any of the individuals. Small deposits of silver were seen in the heterochromatin in very early intermediate normoblasts. Differences in the amount and distribution of the silver deposits in the various types of erythroid precursors first became recognizable in the intermediate normoblast stage. In all of the individuals, the silver deposits were localized predominantly in the heterochromatic regions of the nucleus. In 6 patients with chronic erythremic myelosis, unusually, dense deposits of silver were observed in erythroid precursors having amounts of heterochromatin comparable to that found in intermediate normoblasts of intermediate megaloblasts in other conditions. In these chronic erythremic myelosis erythroid precursors, the silver deposits were larger and, in many instances, appeared to be more aggregated than in erythroid precursors obtained from 3 patients with untreated pernicious anemia, 2 patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and 4 presumedly normal persons. It is possible that the findings described in this study are involved in the pathogenesis of megaloblastoid erythropoiesis as found in chronic erythremic myelosis. PMID- 55079 TI - Ba++ as a gastric stimulant: release of histamine. AB - Ba++ added to the serosal solution bathing a resting frog stomach increased transmucosal resistance and induced acid secretion. The increase in acid secretion was associated with an increased leak of histamine from the mucosa into the serosal solution. Pretreatment with burimamide inhibited the secretory response to Ba++. After a pulse treatment with Ba++ (2 mM for 5 min), the effects on resistance were transient but the effects on acid secretion were sustained. A pulse treatment with histamine also led to a sustained increase in acid secretion, and this increase was blocked by burimamide. It is concluded that Ba++ releases histamine which then stimulates acid secretion. PMID- 55078 TI - The ultrastructure of the mammalian cardiac muscle cell--with special emphasis on the tubular membrane systems. A review. PMID- 55080 TI - Behavioral characteristics of children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea. AB - The authors obtained early case histories of 16 children with chronic nonspecific diarrhea and 16 control subjects and found that the index subjects had a significantly higher frequency of sleep problems, crying and irritability, digestive problems excluding diarrhea, overactivity, resistance to discipline, and family history of gastrointestinal problems. They conclude that these behavioral characteristics represent temperamental traits based on physiological factors, perhaps an imbalance of autonomic nervous system function. They speculate that chronic nonspecific diarrhea may occur in association with certain temperamental traits because both the somatic and psychic components stem from a common disturbance in autonomic nervous system function. PMID- 55081 TI - Cancer of the cardia. AB - The records of 157 patients with cardioesophageal carcinoma were reviewed. It is evident that although the prognosis of patients with squamous carcinoma is better than that of patients with adenocarcinoma, neither lesion is compatible with substantial long-term survival. Palliative resection of squamous carcinoma provides satisfactory short-term relief of symptoms. Palliative resection of adenocarcinoma, however, does not afford a similar response. Alternative modes of therapy are suggested. PMID- 55082 TI - [Significance of serum antigens and antibodies in obstetrical practice]. PMID- 55083 TI - [Immunofluorescence analysis of beta1 globulin in the placenta at early and late periods of pregnancy]. PMID- 55084 TI - Differentiation of the neural plate and neural tube in the young chick embryo. A study by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. AB - The differentiation of the presumptive neural plate, the neural plate and the neural tube have been investigated in the chick embryo by SEM, TEM and histochemical techniques. The relationship of these tissues to neighbouring structures, including extracellular materials, has also been studied. When SEM micrographs of primitive streak stage embryos were examined in stereo, it was found that cells which had been invaginating at the time of fixation were similar in shape to fibroblasts migrating in vitro. It was concluded that SEM stereo pairs could provide evidence about the mode and direction of cell migration. Many more mid-bodies have been found associated with the developing neural tissue than with the lateral ectoderm. It was found possible to recognise mid-bodies not only by TEM but also by SEM. It is therefore proposed that SEM montages may be used for assessing which regions of a tissue have recently undergone extensive mitosis. The beads on the specialised threads seen in the early stages of development are now considered to be formed from mid-bodies. Similar, but unbeaded threads have been described which span the gap between the neural folds just prior to the dorsal closure of the neural tube and it seems probably that these threads help to close the neural tube. It is suggested that the beaded threads arise by incomplete separation of two daughter cells at mitosis, whereas the unbeaded threads form by outgrowth of cell processes. PMID- 55085 TI - Visual communication: clarity in lecture slides revisited. PMID- 55086 TI - Removal of blood group determinants from bovine erythrocyte membranes. 2. Degradation of ghosts by butanol and pyridine. AB - Ghosts produced from erythrocytes collected from six different cattle were degraded with butanol and pyridine. Of a total of 38 different antigenic determinants available for investigation among the six cows, F, V, J and L were the only specificities detected in the subfractions resulting from either method of degradation. After butanol degradation V, J and L antigens were found in the soluble protein fraction, while F was found in the insoluble protein. Pyridine digestion resulted in all four determinants being detected in the sialoprotein layer, while J was found in the lipoprotein as well. All antigens were relatively weak, being detected in inhibition strengths of 10.0 to 1.25 mg/ml. PMID- 55087 TI - Immunologic release of histamine from bovine polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Blood from calves sensitized to horse serum was fractionated to yield a suspension containing 94% granulocytes. These cells released up to 90% of their total histamine when exposed to the antigen. This is a noncytotoxic reaction similar to that observed in human beings, rabbits, and guinea pigs. Higher concentrations of antigen caused inhibition of histamine release. This immunologic reaction may be important in bovine hypersensitivity, especially in the lungs, where intravascular aggregations of granulocytes are found at the height of the anaphylactic response. PMID- 55088 TI - Arterial infusion chemotherapy for palliation in far-advanced malignant neoplasms. AB - For patients with far-advanced regionally localized malignancies, arterial infusion chemotherapy offers reasonable palliation with minimal complications. High locoregional concentration of the antineoplastic drugs is obtained with relatively little systemic toxicity. PMID- 55089 TI - [Surgery of cancer pain. Section of the IX and V nerves in the ontocerebellar space, section of Andersch's ganglion and Jacobson's verve. Indications and results]. AB - The authors describe their experience involving 30 patients treated surgically for stubborn algesia during the development of cancers of the face and neck. Sectioning Jacobson's nerve which they suggested for 72 cases exclusively or mainly involving otalgia especially where the tumours was tonsillar, proved of great therapeutic value and took little toll of the patients. - Resection of Andersch's ganglion, difficult and often ineffective, should not be attempted. - On the other hand, when there is stubborn pharyngeal pain with otalgia, sectioning the IXth is remarkably successful. Likewise, where there is pain in the face or tongue and the floor of the mouth which fails to respond to opiates, partial microcoagulation of the pre-pontile root of the trigeminal nerve is an excellent solution. - Neurotomies of the IXth and the Vth, carried out in the cerebellopontile angle, are operations with simple sequelae. They have the outstanding advantage of permanently relieving the pain of these unfortunate patients. PMID- 55090 TI - [Reactivity of a purified antigen of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis with paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis sera]. AB - The immunoelectrophoretic reactivity of a "crude" and a "purified" antigens of Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis against the sera of confirmed cases of paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis was evaluated. The "crude" antigen revealed precipitating antibodies in both the homologous and the heterologous human sera; the number of precipitating systems being higher with the former. The "purified" antigen reacted only with the homologous sera. It is postulated that the use of such "purified" antigen may significantly reduce the non specificity of the serologic tests in the immunodiagnosis of paracoccidioidomycosis. PMID- 55091 TI - Significance of histopathological findings in Dupuytren's contracture. AB - Clinical and histopathological data were compared in a series of 59 patients with Dupuytren's contracture (DC) from the years 1946-1971 in order to clarify whether histopathological findings were in accordance with the clinical development of the disease. All well known histopathological features were inspected. The most valuable prognostic sign seemed to be the appearance of several active nodules, indicating rather rapid development of DC, with a high frequency of postoperative recurrence in these patients. Lack of active nodules did not exclude this possibility but made it less likely. Other occasional findings typical of DC such as the number of mitoses, microhaemorrhages, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrations and hypertrophied corpuscles of Vater-Paccini seemed to be of minor prognostic value. Mucopolysaccharides from DC tissue showed metachromasia with toluidine blue did not stain with HID-AB (high iron diamine-alcian blue) as HID positive in specimens preserved embedded in paraffin blocks for several years. PMID- 55092 TI - [Trichromic staining of semi-fine skin sections]. PMID- 55093 TI - [Do immunization of rabbits by N-acetylgalactosamine and a disaccharide linked to a protein produce anti-microbial antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - Rabbits were immunized with N-acetylgalactosamine linked to bovalbumine. They produced antibodies which precipitated this same sugar linked to human gamma globulins but did not agglutinate Salmonella johannesburg which carry a side chain of N-acetylgalactosamine. The same immunization enhanced the titre of "natural" antibodies agglutinating human A red cells (which carry a terminal N acetylgalactosamine) but they did not evoke such antibodies in rabbits with no "natural" hemagglutinins. These negative results, when compared to the positive one obtained with 0-acetyl-3,6-dideoxygalactose suggest that rabbit antibody sites limited to one sugar may exist but that they can be detected only under certain conditions. Another group of 8 rabbits was immunized with a disaccharide alpha-Glc-(1 leads to 6)-GalNAc linked to a protein. All produced antibodies agglutinating S. johannesburg (1,40) which carry this disaccharide and S. senftenberg which carry the disaccharide alpha-Glc-(1 leads to 6)-Gal. The titres of these antibodies decreased after a second course of immunization. PMID- 55095 TI - Eukaryotic chromosome replication. PMID- 55094 TI - Inhibition of murine plasmocytoma tumours with antibody activity by their respective specific antigens. AB - Three murine plasmocytoma tumour which secrete specific antibodies have been studied for the effect of specific antigens (pneumococcal C polysaccharide and dinitrophenylated bovine gamma globulin) on the growth of these tumours in vivo. In each case, the effect of the specific antigen was to inhibit the growth of that tumour which synthesized the specific antibody. Low molecular weight haptens had no effect on tumour growth. We suggest that this antigen specific growth inhibitory effect is a function of the antigen's binding to membrane bound antibody resulting in defective membrane function. PMID- 55096 TI - Cytogenetics of the mouse. PMID- 55098 TI - OR/PAR cooperation for better patient care. PMID- 55097 TI - [Effect of gramicidin C on the formation and germination of Bacillus brevis var. GB (P+-variant) spores]. AB - The effect of gramicidin C added to the medium at various periods of cultivation in concentrations of 20, 40 and 100 gamma/ml on sporulation of P+-variant of Bac. brevis var. GB was studied. The most effective increase in the sporulation rate and percentage of the cells germinating into the spores was observed on addition of the antibiotic to the medium in amounts of 20 and 40 gamma/ml in 13 hours of the culture development. The amount of gramicidin C during sporulation decreased and partially passed into the spores which did not differ after germination from those of P+-variant grown on the synthetic medium with glucose and without preliminary addition of the antibiotic. Addition of gramicidin C in an amount of 100 gamma/ml at the end of the lag phase, i.e. 4 hours after the culture inoculation suppressed sporulation and had no effect on growth of the cells of its own producing organism. PMID- 55099 TI - RR nursing for kidney recipients. PMID- 55100 TI - Cross-reactive antigens and lectin as determinants of symbiotic specificity in the Rhizobium-clover association. AB - Cross-reactive antigens of clover roots and Rhizobium trifolii were detected on their cell surfaces by tube agglutination, immunofluorescent, and radioimmunoassay techniques. Anti-clover root antiserum had a higher agglutinating titer with infective strains of R. trifolii than with noninfective strains. The root antiserum previously adsorbed with noninfective R. trifolii cells remained reactive only with infective cells, including infective revertants. When adsorbed with infective cells, the root antiserum was reactive with neither infective nor noninfective cells. Other Rhizobium species incapable of infecting clover did not demonstrate surface antigens cross-reactive with clover. Radioimmunoassay indicated twice as much antigenic cross-reactivity of clover roots and R. trifolii 403 (infective) than R. trifolii Bart A (noninfective). Immunofluorescence with anti-R. trifolii (infective) antiserum was detected on the exposed surface of the root epidermal cells and diminished at the root meristem. The immunofluorescent crossreaction on clover roots was totally removed by adsorption of anti-R. trifolii (infective) antiserum with encapsulated infective cells but not with noninfective cells. The cross-reactive capsular antigens from R. trifolii strains were extracted and purified. The ability of these antigens to induce clover root hair deformation was much greater when they were obtained from the infective than noninfective strains. The cross reactive capsular antigen of R. trifolii 403 was characterized as a high molecular-weight (greater than 4.6 times 10(6) daltons), beta-linked, acidic heteropolysaccharide containing 2-deoxyglucose, galactose, glucose, and glucuronic acid. A soluble, nondialyzable, substance (clover lectin) capable of binding to the cross-reactive antigen and agglutinating only infective cells of R. trifolii was extracted from white clover seeds. This lectin was sensitive to heat, Pronase, and trypsin. inhibition studies indicated that 2-deoxyglucose was the most probable haptenic determinant of the cross-reactive capsular antigen capable of binding to the root antiserum and the clover lectin. A model is proposed suggesting the preferential adsorption of infective versus noninfective cells of R. trifolii on the surface of clover roots by a cross-bridging of their common surface antigens with a multivalent clover lectin. PMID- 55101 TI - [Von Hansemann's cell in malacoplakia: comparison with macrophages in Whipple's disease]. PMID- 55102 TI - [The cellular load of argyrophilic granules in carcinoids and related tumors]. PMID- 55103 TI - Palliative treatment with oral Estracyte in disseminated prostatic carcinoma. AB - In Roswell Park Memorial Institute, between 1969 and 1974, a total of 32 patients with widespread metastasized carcinoma of the prostate were treated with oral Estracyt. Objectively demonstrable remissions were achieved in eight patients (8/32 equals 25%). Subjective improvement of their general condition was experienced by 15 patients (15/32 equals 47%). The toxicity of Estracyt manifests itself with gastrointestinal disorders, which in most cases are amenable to anti emetic treatment. PMID- 55105 TI - Juvenile hyalin fibromatosis. AB - A boy had multiple large tumors on the scalp, whitish nodules on the nape and both sides of the neck, hypertrophic gingiva, and severe flexural contractures of hip and knee joints. The histopathologic structure of the tumor was characteristic of juvenile hyalin fibromatosis. The tumor cells were embedded in an amorphous eosinophillic ground substance. X-ray films revealed numerous osteolytic and osteociastic lesions that are important findings in the study of this disease. PMID- 55104 TI - A case of embryonal sarcoma (rhabdomyosarcoma) of the prostate treated with combined surgical and cytostatic therapy. AB - The case history of a 22-months old boy with a malignant embryonal tumor of the prostate is given. Five years after initiation and three years after termination of a combined therapy with cytostatic drugs (actinomycin D, vincristine sulfate and cyclophosphamide) and surgery he is in good health without any signs of recurrence or metastatic disease. On this moment it is still impossible to be certain whether this therapy is the key for treatment of these tumors, but the successes published and the result till now in this case can be an indication that we are going in the right direction. Perhaps we may even hope that in the future we will have cytostatic drugs and combinations of therapy which will enable us to avoid mutilating operations. PMID- 55106 TI - [Eosinophilic leucocytes in the skin lesions of psoriasis and atopic dermatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Using specific techniques (Leder; and Schaefer u. Fischer) we examined the presence of eosinophilic leucocytes (EGr) in sections of various forms of psoriasis, some under treatment with methotrexate. We compared the results with findings in atopic dermatitis. The number of EGr was calculated in proportion to the remaining cells in the relevant section of the horny layer and of the dermis (papillary body, subpapillary dermis). The proportion of eosinophilic leucocytes was found to be considerably smaller than the supposed number seen in H.-E. sections. Also, in psoriasis pustulosa the proportion was relatively small, whereas in the dermis of atopic dermatitis it was 2 times higher. In atopic dermatitis of patients, who acquired the dermatitis as adults, the proportion was lower, although it was possible to examine the tissues of only three such patients. Treatment with methotrexate had no significant influence on the percentage of EGr in the psoriatic infiltrates. PMID- 55107 TI - [Continuous electrocardiographic recording. Clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic value]. AB - The interest of permanent electrocardiographic recording in ambulatory patients is not restricted to the demonstration of the cardiogenic origin of some functional disturbances. This method provides the proof of the often non fiable character of anamnesis for the diagnosis of arrhythmias. It shows the close relationship between "minor" (extra-systoles) and "major" (tachycardias) arrhythmias, and consequently the prognostic value of the former in relation with the latter. Continuous ECG follow-up affords in the assessment of anti-arrhythmic drugs efficiency a higher safety than that provided by the conventional simple clinical follow-up. PMID- 55108 TI - [Alpha fetoprotein: radioimmunologic determination technic and initial results on a new parameter for the control of high-risk pregnancy]. PMID- 55109 TI - [Alpha fetoprotein in the maternal serum in high risk pregnancy]. PMID- 55110 TI - [IV. Immunology in gynecology and obstetrics. Pannel discussion]. PMID- 55111 TI - [Proceedings: Comparative immunoglobulin and alpha1fetoprotein determinations in the neonatal period]. PMID- 55112 TI - [Cytological picture of urine sediment in gynecologic radiotherapy, endoxan and bleomycin therapy]. PMID- 55113 TI - [Preparation of alpha 2 macroblobulin from the placenta and human retroplacental blood]. PMID- 55114 TI - Terminal dilution purification of adenovirus prototypes, and the antigenic relationship between types 4, 16 and 14. AB - Two terminal dilution purifications in HEK cells were performed with adenovirus prototypes of types 1 to 7, 12, 16, 19 and 9-15, and one terminal dilution with a freshly isolated type 8 strain. The antisera prepared against viruses after terminal dilution neutralized the original and the purified virus to the same extent, indicating the antigenic purity of the respective prototypes. Cross reactions in neutralization with other types within the subgroup were also identical. Only the prototype of type 16 (Ch 79) showed a cross-neutralization with type 4, while four type 16 wild strains showed cross-neutralization with type 14, but none with type 4. The prototype (CH 79) is a "prime strain" in relation to the type 16 wild strains. PMID- 55115 TI - [Modification of staining histologic sections by van Gieson's method]. PMID- 55116 TI - [Tumorscanning of the head and neck malignomas (author's transl)]. AB - Tumorscanning of malignomas and their metastatic nodules in head and neck is an enrichment of diagnostic possibilities. For the examination such substances can be used, which are tumoraffine and well to mark with a radio-isotope. Therefore we have marked the cytostatic drug Bleomycine with 57Co. Scans were performed with the Anger-Camera 4 to 6 hrs after intravenous injection of 1 mCi 57Co Bleomycine. 60 patients with different malignomas have been examined, 46 with tumor-localization in head and neck, the others in thoraxabdomen. 34 (85%) of the head and neck malignomas could be demonstrated; 21 (81%) were squamous cell carcinomas, 13 (69%) sarcomas. The possibilities of this method are shown; its clinical importance lies in the identification of primary tumors and their metastatic nodules, of relapses and tumorrests as well as the localization of distant metastasises. PMID- 55117 TI - Vestibular end organ mapping in the squirrel monkey. AB - Vestibular end organ mapping (surface preparation) was performed in squirrel monkeys by using succinic dehydrogenase staining. Comparing sensory hair cell counts and surface area measurements of the squirrel monkey to those of man and the guinea pig, the values obtained from the squirrel monkey were between those of man and the guinea pig. When regional (central versus peripheral) cell density was compared, the density of the peripheral area was 1.62X more on the average than that of the central portion. PMID- 55118 TI - Endodontic education. AB - Undergraduate endodontology is taught in Australian Universitiies in Restorative or Conservative departments. Courses generally consist of twelve lectures, three seminars and technique courses. Average clinical experience is six to eight endodontic treatments in anterior and posterior teeth. Comparison with American and Scandinavian teaching, staff and facilities indicates that this subject is receiving considerably less emphasis in Australia. As endodontic therapy is eseential in any dental health programme based on preventive dentistry there is a considerable need to upgrade undergraduate endodontic teaching in Australia. PMID- 55119 TI - Pull-through resections for carcinoma of the rectum. AB - Pull-through operations have been undergoing evaluation as a treatment for carcinoma of the rectum in several centres. Functional results at one and two years have been between 1960 and 1970, which enables a five-year follow-up. Forty eight of these were palliative procedures, with a mean survival time of nine months. Only 11 patients were Dukes A cases and none of these have died from their disease. One hundred and five were Dukes B, with a 73% five-year survival. The Dukes C cases had only a 22% five-year survival. The main problems have been related to the blood supply to the exteriorized distal colon. PMID- 55120 TI - Immunochemical relationship between alpha-amylases of rat liver, serum, pancreas and parotid gland. AB - 1. Rabbit antisera to purified rat parotid alpha-amylase were prepared. 2. The relationships between rat parotid-gland, pancreatic, serum and liver amylase were investigated by using the antisera in immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and immunoinhibition experiments. 3. Serum and liver amylase were identical, and very similar to parotid-gland amylase; pancreatic amylase was, however, quite distinct, and showed only some of the determinants present on parotid-gland amylase. 4. The data strengthen the suggestion that the liver is the main source of serum amylase. PMID- 55122 TI - Effect of glucocorticoids on fetoprotein production by an established cell line from Morris hepatoma 8994. PMID- 55121 TI - Chloride-dependent restoration of coupling by oligomycin in rat liver mitochondria. AB - In rat liver mitochondria suspended in KC1 medium, oligomycin interfered with the effect of uncouplers on energy conservation. It antagonized the effect of uncouplers that are weak acids (2,4-dinitrophenol etc.), but enhanced that of the lipid-penetrating cation NN-dimethyl-N'N'-dibenzylammonium. Oligomycin caused none of the above effects when Br- or NO-/3 was substituted for C1- as the major anionic species in the assay medium. The concentration of oligomycin that exerted the above-mentioned effects was lower than that necessary for the inhibition of energy transfer, but was in the range that induced C1- permeation through the cristae membrane. The possible connexion between the effect of oligomycin on C1- permeation and its interference with the action of uncouplers is discussed. PMID- 55123 TI - On the mechanism of energy-dependent contraction of swollen mitochondria. PMID- 55124 TI - The effect of allylisothiocyanate and other antithyroid compounds on blood coagulation in rats. PMID- 55267 TI - [Evaluation of methisoprinol+ in the treatment of infectious hepatitis. Negative results]. AB - The usefulness of metisoprinol was evaluated by a double blind study and at random in the treatment of mild infectious hepatitis in a group of 42 children. Twenty-one patients were given the drug at the dose of 50 mg/kg/day, divided t.i.d., by mouth and for 12 days. The other twenty-one patients made up the control group and were given placebo. No modifications nor clinical differences were found in the parameters evaluated; laboratory results were also negative in the studies carried out that might be attributed to the administration of the drug. PMID- 55268 TI - Tumour antigenicity in ovarian cancer. AB - The blastogenic response to a crude cell extract of ovarian cancer cells has been studied in 48 patients with ovarian cancer (9, autologous, 39 allogeneic), in 26 female controls matched for age and in 18 female patients with other types of cancer in remission from disease. The responses in ovarian cancer patients in remission and relapse were considered separately. The blastogenic responses to cell extracts of foetal ovary, foetal lung, foetal liver and normal adult ovary were also assessed in a proportion of all 3 groups. The blastogenic responses to ovarian cancer and foetal ovary cell extracts were found to be significantly greater in the ovarian cancer patients in remission than in the controls, but the responses to ovarian cancer extract were not greater in the relapse group or in patients with other cancers. As a blastogenic response to normal ovarian extract was also present in some of these patients, the data so far do not support the hypothesis of a tumour specific antigen. This tumour associated response may be occurring to determinants in foetal or adult ovarian tissue to which the patient becomes sensitized in malignant disease. The response is complex and the nature of the antigen requires further analysis. PMID- 55270 TI - Proceedings: Surface antigens of leukaemic cells. PMID- 55269 TI - The effect of steroid hormones on the growth pattern and RNA synthesis in human benign prostatic hyperplasia in organ culture. AB - The effect of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 3 beta-androstanediol and oestradiol-17 beta on the morphology and RNA synthesis in human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in organ culture has been investigated. In hormone treated and untreated explants alike, the epithelium multiplied to form several layers. This effect was most marked after exposure to dihydrotestosterone. In explants grown in non-supplemented medium the epithelium showed some squamous changes; testosterone or dihydrotestosterone preserved the secretory character of the epithelium while oestradiol-17 beta caused cellular degeneration. The incorporation of 3H-uridine into RNA was studied by autoradiography. In the epithelium, testosterone or dihydrotestosterone raised the uptake significantly over that measured in the control explants, oestradiol-17 beta reduced it while 3 beta-androstanediol produced similar values to those found in the control explants. The incorporation of 3H-uridine in the smooth muscle cells was increased by testosterone and decreased by oestradiol-17 beta. A comparison with normal rat prostatic epithelium in organ culture showed that in the absence of androgens the incorporation of 3H-uridine was lower than in BPH and the effect of testosterone correspondingly greater. The results suggest that although the growth of human BPH in organ culture appears to be androgen dependent, it still remains hormone sensitive and can be influenced by steroid hormones in a similar manner to that in rat prostatic gland. They further show that the smooth muscle of the stroma is also hormone sensitive, a point which should be considered in the hormonal management of benign prostatic hyperplasia. PMID- 55271 TI - Studies of "potentially lethal damage" in EMT6 mouse tumour cells treated with bleomycin either in vitro or in vivo. AB - Studies have been carried out into the effect usually referred to as "repair to potentially lethal damage" following the treatment of cells with bleomycin. In vitro, increased survival was seen with delayed subculture of cells in both exponential phase and plateau phase. It was unimportant whether the medium present during the delay period had been previously used to support cell growth. Exposure of cells growing as a solid tumour in vivo to bleomycin (4 mg/kg), gave a surviving fraction of 2 X 10(-3) if assay was carried out at 30 min but a surviving fraction of virtually 100% if assay was delayed until 6 h. Various possible artefacts have been eliminated as reasons for the observations but doubts are raised regarding the nature of the mechanism involved. PMID- 55272 TI - The synthesis and properties of the complete complementary DNA transcript of ovalbumin mRNA. AB - The synthesis of a complementary DNA copy (cDNA) of hen ovalbumin mRNA using AMV RNA-directed DNA polymerase was studied under different conditions of salt, deoxyribonucleotide concentrations, temperature, and time. It was observed that in the absence of monovalent cation at 46 degrees C a complete transcript of ovalbumin mRNA could be effected by the enzyme. The minimum deoxyribonucleotide requirement for complete synthesis was 35 muM for dATP, dGTP, and dCTP and 200 muM dTTP. By a number of different experimental criteria which included sedimentation on alkaline sucrose gradients and electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing 98% formamide, direct electron microscope visualization, and protection of ovalbumin [25I]mRNA from nuclease digestion it could be demonstrated that a considerable fraction of a complete mRNA transcript was indeed synthesized. The cDNA/ovalbumin mRNA hybrid had a Tm on hydroxylapatite of 92 degrees C, indicating the synthesis of a RNA transcript with a high fidelity. When such a complete ovalbumin [3H]cDNA was synthesized with a specific activity of 10(8) cpm/mug and hyfridized to an excess of chick DNA, the kinetics of hybridization indicated that the cDNA was comprised of a nonrepetitive sequence. PMID- 55273 TI - Mechanism of phosphonoacetate inhibition of herpesvirus-induced DNA polymerase. AB - Phosphonoacetate was an effective inhibitor of both the Marek's disease herpesvirus- and the herpesvirus of turkey-induced DNA polymerase. Using the herpesvirus of turkey-induced DNA polymerase, phosphonoacetate inhibition studies for the DNA polymerization reaction and for the deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphate exchange reaction were carried out. The results demonstrated that phosphonoacetate inhibited the polymerase by interacting with it at the pyrophosphate binding site to create an alternate reaction pathway. A detailed mechanism and rate equation for the inhibition were developed. For comparison to phosphonoacetate, pyrophosphate inhibition patterns and apparent inhibition constants were determined. Twelve analogues of phosphonoacetate were tested as inhibitors of the herpesvirus of turkey-induced DNA polymerase. At the concentrations tested, only one, 2-phosphonopropionate, was an inhibitor. The apparent inhibition constant for it was about 50 times greater than the corresponding apparent inhibition constant for phosphonoacetate. DNA polymerase alpha of duck embryo fibroblasts, the host cell for the herpesviruses, was inhibited by phosphonoacetate. The apparent inhibition constants for the alpha polymerase were about 10-20 times greater than the corresponding inhibition constants for the herpesvirus-induced DNA polymerase. Duck DNA polymerase beta, Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase were not inhibited by phosphonoacetate. PMID- 55274 TI - Species-specific aggregation factor in sponges. V. Influence on programmed syntheses. AB - Isolated cells from the siliceous sponge Geodia cydonium as well as small primary aggregates (diameter: 70 mum) consisting of them show no increase in rates of programmed syntheses and mitotic activity with time. After addition of a highly purified aggregation factor to a culture with primary aggregates which subsequently form secondary aggregates (diameter: larger than 1000 mum), a dramatic increase of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis occurs. Together with this increase, the cells show a high mitotic activity. The values for the mitotic coefficient reach a first maximum 8 h after the beginning of the secondary aggregation process. The stimulation of the mitotic activity of cells during the aggregation factor induced secondary aggregation process can be suppressed by inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis as well as by a blocker of DNA synthesis. This finding may indicate that cells from the G0-population enter the proliferating cell pool via the G1-phase. PMID- 55275 TI - Single-channel parameters of gramicidin A,B, and C. AB - The single-channel conductance lambda and the mean channel lifetime gamma of natural and synthetic gramicidins A, B, and C has been studied. Significant differences in delta were found between gramicidin A and B; both gramicidins differ only in one amino acid (tryptophan replaced by phenylaline). The distribution of lambda is narrow in glycerylmonooleate membranes but considerably broader in dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine and dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine membranes. The ratio of the single-channel conductances in glycerylmonooleate and dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine membranes is only about two and is considerable smaller than the conductance ratio of nonactin-mediated cation transport. This finding suggests that dipolar potentials at the membrane/solution interface have little influence on the conductance of the gramicidin channel. PMID- 55277 TI - Antigenic identity of alpha-macrofetoprotein and acute phase protein in the rat. AB - Antisera were raised in rabbits against rat embryonic blood and inflammatory serum. The antisera, made specific by absorption procedures, were cross reacted with embryonic blood and inflammatory serum. A reaction of identity between alpha macrofetoprotein and acute phase protein was demonstrated. PMID- 55276 TI - Experimental autoimmune demyelinating diseases: experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and experimental allergic neuritis. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) are reproducible models of auto-allergic demyelinating diseases of central and peripheral neurons tissue respectively. EAE bears a close resemblance to naturally-occuring post-infectious encephalomyelitis and EAN to Laundry-Guillain Barre polyneuritis, in humans. In the experimental models the antigen responsible for disease induction is a different myelin basic protein in each disease. Although a variety of humoral antibodies to various neural fractions are found in both disorders, it has been shown that disease results from cell-mediated immune reactions to specific myelin antigens. PMID- 55278 TI - The neural crest in the neck and other parts of the body. PMID- 55279 TI - Interference with proliferative activity in the CNS and its relation to facial abnormalities. AB - In considering craniofacial abnormalities, possible caused by factors interfering with cell proliferation, it is important to keep in mind the central nervous system. The CNS produces specific cell types throughout gestation and interference with cell proliferation may cause permanent cell loss. In this study it is shown that brief insults may damage some brain structures and spare others. Which structures sustain damage depends on which cells are proliferating at the time of insult. The varied lesions produced by interference at different stages of development were found to be accompanied by different syndromes of behavioral abnormalities. PMID- 55280 TI - [The effect of heparin and a human heparin precipitable plasma fraction on antibody producing cells in vitro]. AB - A study was made of the effect of heparin and heparin-precipitable fractions of human blood plasms (HPF) on the capacity of the cells of mouse spleen immunized with sheep erythrocytes to plaque-formation in vitro. It was found that heparin and HPF produced an inhibitory effect on the reaction of plaque formation as a result of interaction with lymphocytes. It is supposed that a possible point of application of heparin and HPF action are surface cell membranes of the antibody forming cells. PMID- 55281 TI - [Ultrastructural analysis of preparations impregnated with silver salts]. AB - The work was devoted to the ultrastructural analysis of the neurohistological preparations. Sections of the tissue from the precardial parts of the pulmonary and caval dog veins were impregnated with silver salts after Campos and embedded in the araldite by a special method. Electronmicroscopi studies showed reduced silver adsorbed by the tissue of the impregnated preparations to exhibit a granular structure (the granules were 30-400 A in size). The largest of them were revealed in the axoplasm of the myelinated and unmyelinated nerve conductors, whereas the smaller ones found in various cellular and fibrous formations of the tissue substrate; silver granules were as a rule absent within the thickness of the myelin sheath. The noted regularities of adsorption and distribution of the silver granules in the impregnated preparations caused a morphologically expressed phenomenon of argentophilia. PMID- 55282 TI - [Histochemical characteristics of the secretory elements of the vermiform appendix following surgical trauma, circulatory hypoxia and immunization]. AB - Histochemical methods were applied to determination of salomycin, dermatansulfate, keratosulfate and neutral mucopolysaccharides in the goblet cells of rabbit appendix. Sialomycin and neutral mucopolysaccharides were found in the glands. Immunization with human gamma globulin was followed in the productive phase of immunogenesis by a rise of the secretory activity of the mucosa of the appendix. An increase of the mucus formation in the appendix occurred after laparatomy and during the initial period of experimental appendicitis. However, surgical trauma caused an opposite effect against the background of increased functional activity of the secretory elements of the immunized animals, and during experimental appendicitis no activation of mucus formation was seen. The influence of the abovementioned factors on the secretory activity of the mucous membrane was accompanied by qualitative changes in the synthesized mucus. PMID- 55283 TI - [Isolation of the pregnancy specific beta-glycoprotein (SP1) and antigen-related proteins by means of immunoadsorption]. AB - Purification of human pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein (SP1) and antigenically related proteins of sub-human primates (chimpanzee, rhesus monkey, cynomolgus and baboon) was achieved by means of an immunoadsorbent technique. The immunoglobulins of a rabbit antiserum to human SP1 were isolated on DEAE cellulose and coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose. This immunoadsorbent was used to bind human SP1, respectively monkey proteins immunochemically related to SP1 from placental extract fractions. After extensive washing the proteins were eluted by an acidic glycine buffer. Contaminating serum proteins could be removed by chromatography on hydroxyapatite columns. With this method it was possible to obtain SP1 and the antigenically related proteins of monkeys in good yield and in highly purified form. The proteins thus isolated from human and sub-human primate placentae were compared in their physicochemical and immunochemical properties. The amino acid and carbohydrate compositions of human SP1 and rhesus SP1 have been determined. In a biological test certain inhibitory effect of human SP1 on the mixed leukozyte culture (MLC) could be demonstrated. PMID- 55284 TI - [Can azur-B eosin replace the May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain?]. AB - A new method is described for staining blood and bone marrow smears. It is characterized by the presence of only two dyes, purified azure B and eosin in methanol, as stock solutions. Staining results are equivalent to those obtained by using the traditional dye mixtures according to May and Grunwald, Giemsa, Leishman or Wright. Different from these azure B-eosin staining can be standardized and is easier to be handled. Correlations between the azure-B-eosin and May-Grunwald-Giemsa (MGG) staining methods are briefly discussed. PMID- 55286 TI - Bibliographic controls for audiovisuals: recommendations based on response to a questionnaire in the field of nursing education. PMID- 55285 TI - [Electronmicroscopic and immunohistochemical studies on human lymphocytes]. AB - Lymphocytes from the blood of healthy individuals and of patients suffering from CLL were investigated by electron microscopy and peroxidase-immunohistochemistry. B-lymphocytes were labelled by heterologous, peroxidase-conjugated antisera directed against the Id-determinants of their membranes. T-lymphocytes were labelled by an indirect method: specific incubation with a specific anti-T-cell globulin from the rabbit; labelling-incubation with a peroxidase-conjugated anti rabbit-IgG-globulin from the sheep. In addition, T-lymphocytes were identified by their ability to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes spontaneously. The quantitative results were: about 80% T-lymphocytes and about 24% B-lymphocytes in normal persons, the opposite results in CLL. T- and B-lymphocytes were photographed electron microscopically; the number of organelles in the single cells was evaluated: lysosomes in the average are more numerous in T-lymphocytes, ergastoplasm in B-lymphocytes, mitochondria are equally distributed in both groups of cells. There is so much overlapping, however, that the single cell only with the aid of immunochemistry or rosette formation can be identified as a B- or T-cell. In both, the T- and the B-cell-series, different forms of lymphocytes can be distinguished according to the degree of cell differentiation. Some further problems, as specificity of the antisera and labelling of the cells by means of their Fc-receptor are discussed. PMID- 55287 TI - Studies on lipopolysaccharides of Proteus vulgaris serogroups. Chemotypes of genus Proteus lipopolysaccharides. PMID- 55288 TI - Bleomycin in advanced squamous cell carcinoma: a random controlled trial. Report of Medical Research Council Working Party on Bleomycin. AB - Bleomycin was compared with conventional cytotoxic drugs in the treatment of 70 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma; the primary deposit was in the head and neck in 50 patients and in the perineum or skin in 20. Thirty-four patients received bleomycin while 36 received other cytotoxic drugs. No significant difference was detected between the two groups either in the proportion showing tumour regression or in the survival rates. If bleomycin is to advance the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma it can be only in combination with other drugs or with radiotherapy. PMID- 55289 TI - Endocrine and metabolic diseases. Treatment of thyroid disease: I. PMID- 55290 TI - Letter: Serum alpha-fetoprotein in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 55291 TI - Factors affecting retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase in the visual system. PMID- 55292 TI - Light and electron microscopic observations on the anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase in the optic pathway in the mouse and rat. PMID- 55294 TI - Rapid retrograde transport of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase as examined by the stop flow technique. AB - We have studied the retrograde axonal transport of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) with the aid of a new stop-flow technique. Rabbit sciatic nerves in vitro were incubated in chambers which exposed different regions to oxygenated physiological saline solution at different temperatures. These chambers contained no mechanical barriers that could generate local compression or anoxia. When the proximal halves of nerves were cooled to 2 degrees C while the distal halves were kept at 37 degrees C, a peak of DBH activity began to accumulate in the middle. Accumulation was detectable after 1.5 h of proximal cooling, and the amount of activity in the peak increased linearly with time for up to 4.5 h. The rate of this accumulation was only about 20% of the rate at which DBH activity accumulates proximal to locally cooled regions. Retrograde accumulation of DBH activity is not an artifact that depends upon the simple juxtaposition of cooled and warmed regions; it does not occur when nerves are locally warmed to 37 degrees C while being kept elsewhere at 2 degrees C. When nerves that had been proximally cooled for 3h were rewarmed, the accumulated DBH activity was asymmetrically displaced toward the proximal end. The migrating wave lacked a definite peak, but appeared as a shoulder with a well-defined front that moved steadily at about 12mm/h. We take this as direct evidence for retrograde axonal transport of DBH. The maximum velocity of this transport is very similar to the velocity of orthograde transport previously determined by stop-flow techniques. PMID- 55293 TI - The tractus infundibuli and other afferents to the parahippocampal region of the pigeon. PMID- 55295 TI - [Classification by the Golgi technique of several categories of neurons in the mouse paraventricular nucleus]. AB - Using the rapid Golgi technique four types of neurons have been observed in the paraventricular nucleus : magnocellular neurosecretory neurons, parvocellular neurons with "extrahypophyseal" axon, parvocellular neurons with recurrent axon (possibly inhibitory interneurons) and neurons of reticular type. PMID- 55296 TI - Calcium localized in juxtanuclear granules of epiphyseal chondrocytes with a dilute glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) solution. AB - The glyoxal bis(2-hydroxyanil) (GBHA) method for staining labile calcium deposits in chondrocytes was modified. Fresh blocks of epiphyseal cartilage stained in this dilute GBHA solution revealed calcium in the juxtanuclear Golgi vesicles, each approximately 1 mu in diameter. Prolonged staining revealed previously described 0.5 mu granules throughout the cytoplasm which tended to mask the juxtanuclear reaction. The red GBHA reaction product was believed to be a chelate of calcium since it was removable with EGTA, and stable in Na2CO3 and KCN solution. When the tissue blocks stained with the dilute GBHA solution were restained with the original concentrated GBHA solution, refractile bodies containing red GBHA-positive granules were revealed at the periphery of the hypertrophied chondrocytes. The presence of calcium in the juxtanuclear Golgi vesicles and in the pericellular refractile bodies may indicate that the Golgi is involved in the transport of minerals to the matrix. PMID- 55297 TI - Blood group MN precursors as human breast carcinoma-associated antigens and "naturally" occurring human cytotoxins against them. AB - Blood groups MN active substances were found in benign and malignant human mammary glands. However, the precursor T (Thomsen-Friedenreich) antigen, as determined with human sera, occurred in all cancerous breast tissues tested but not in the benign mammary glands. Anti-T antibody, which is present in all human sera, was severely depressed in 21.16% of 189 breast carcinoma patients, compared with 3.62% of 470 persons of similar age without cancer. Of 720 persons tested approximately 85% of those with severely depressed anti-T had carcinoma; their IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations were of normal range. A greater than 25%-90% increase in anti-T titer score was found in 65.6% of 32 patients bled 1-14 months after mastectomy for carcinoma as compared with 3.1% of 32 patients with breast biopsy who had no carcinoma. All differences in anti-T titer score changes reported are statistically highly significant. Injection of T antigen from human erythrocytes increased anti-T titer scores. PMID- 55299 TI - The value of serial measurement of both human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha fetoprotein for monitoring germinal cell tumors. AB - Quantitative serial serum measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels using sensitive double-antibody radioimmunoassays were performed in nine patients with germinal cell tumors before and during treatment. The sera of eight of the nine were found to have a hCG marker and five of the nine an AFP marker. The sera of four patients were found to have both. Serial serum levels of hCG, of AFP, or both were useful for monitoring disease activity during therapy in all nine patients. In two patients tumor masses failed to diminish during chemotherapy, but the tumor markers fell appropriately. At surgery one patient had a mature teratoma, the other a mature teratoma with a microscopic focus of an embryonal cell tumor. In one patient tumor reactivation was reflected by the emergence of only one of two previously elevated tumor markers. One patient had a rise in hCG, another a rise in both markers coincident with recurrence of tumor. Serial measurements of AFP and hCG are useful for following the response to therapy of germinal tumors, and can assist in making therapeutic decisions. PMID- 55298 TI - Combination radical surgery and multiple sequential chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the testis (stage III). AB - Nineteen patients with advanced testicular carcinomas (Stage III) were treated by a combination of multisequential chemotherapy with vinblastine, bleomycin, platinum, adriamycin, cytoxan, actinomycin D, and reductive surgery. Of the sixteen patients who were operated on 10 patients are alive and free of disease from 5 to 15 months. Two patients are alive with residual disease and four patients died. (Three were free of malignant tumor and one had residual malignant disease.) Three patients are still receiving preoperative chemotherapy. Pathology reported benign tumors in 8 out of 16 patients operated on. All these patients were previously treated with multiple chemotherapy. Several facts emerge from this study: (1) the great effectiveness of the combination of multisequential chemotherapy and reductive surgery to produce complete clinical remission in advanced testicular carcinomas (63.6%, 13 out of 19 patients); (2) the possibility of benign transformation of these tumors (50%, 8 out of 16); (3) the importance of the second-look surgery in testicular tumors. PMID- 55301 TI - Adjuvant therapy-theory, practice, and potential. The James Ewing lecture. PMID- 55300 TI - 111Indium-bleomycin breast and axilla imaging. AB - 111Indium-Bleomycin (111In-Blm), a new radiopharmaceutical, was administered intravenously to 37 patients with benign and malignant breast lesions. Early and delayed images of both the breasts and axillae were made, and results were correlated with physical examination, histopathology of the excised lesion, mammography, and thermography. In 18 patients with malignant disease, clinical examination of the breast and axilla correlated with histopathology in 78 and 54% of the cases, respectively. Images of the breast were accurate (true positives) in 83% of the cases. Images of the axilla were accurate in 62% of the cases. Mammography was correct and suggested malignancy in 88%, and thermography in 73% of the cases. In 19 patients with benign breast lesions, clinical examination of the breast and axilla correlated with histopathology in 68 and 95% of the cases, respectively. Scans of the breast and axilla were correct (true negative) 79 and 95% of the time, respectively. Mammography was correct, and suggested benignancy, in 53% and thermography in 25% of the cases. Imaging of the breasts using 111In Blm appears to be as accurate as physical examination and mammography for palpable benign and malignant breast tumors. It is less accurate than mammography for microscopic malignancies. Axillary imaging does not appear to be worthwhile because many axillary metastases are too small for detection with current nuclear medicine instrumentation. PMID- 55302 TI - The radionuclide identification of tumors. AB - Tumor-seeking radiopharmaceuticals have been employed in the diagnosis of primary neoplasms, in the detection of distant disease, particularly in the localization of tumor foci to facilitate biopsies and the planning of radiation portals, and in assessing the response to tumor therapy. At the present, there is no ideal tumor-scanning agent. However, several approaches appear to be useful and offer promise for further study. The greatest experience has been with Gallium-67, which has major utility in the staging of Hodgkin's disease, in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma, in the detection of certain metastatic brain tumors, in the identification of recurrent disease, and in the noninvasive diagnosis of leukemic complications. A number of radiolabeled antibiotic and chemotherapeutic agents have shown promise, including tetracycline and bleomycin. A major drawback, however, of these agents which is shared with Gallium-67 is that they appear to be sequestered by inflammatory as well as neoplastic tissue. A most intriguing approach is the use of radiolabeled antibodies to tumor-associated antigens. Animal and clinical experiments have employed antifibrin, antifibrinogen, anticarcinoembryonic antigen, and antiferritin. Theoretically, agents such as these should allow for greater tumor specificity. PMID- 55303 TI - Immunologic approaches to the diagnosis of cancer. AB - A variety of immunologic approaches can be applied to the diagnosis of human cancer, and these have the potential advantages of specificity and sensitivity. Many tumor distinctive markers have been detected in the circulation of cancer patients. Cancer patients frequently have detectably depressed immune competence, but also have cell-mediated and humoral immune reactivity against tumor associated antigens. Radiolabeling of specific antibodies may allow localization in vivo of tumors. With each of these potential immunodiagnostic approaches, it is necessary to systematically evaluate the assays and determine their value for specific clinical applications. PMID- 55305 TI - Experimental infection of a cat kidney cell line with the mouse mammary tumor virus. AB - A cat kidney cell line, CRFK-F2, was successfully inoculated in suspension and in monolayer culture with a purified mouse mammary tumor virus derived from RIII milk. The virus produced by the infected cells was identified by immunogluorescence, electron microscopy, and RNA-directed DNA polymerase assays; it was a B-type virion that did not cross-react with mouse or feline leukemia sarcoma viruses, had spikes on its envelope, and had a RNA-directed DNA polymerase reaction that was typical of mouse mammary tumor virus. The producing cells were identified as cat cells by chromosome number, cytotoxic assays, and isoenzyme migratory patterns. A standardized method for the in vitro inoculation of cat cells is described that presently permits highly reproducible results. For the first time, the mouse mammary tumor virus is seen replicating in cells from another species, thus offering an opportunity to study the kinetics of infection of that virus. PMID- 55304 TI - Enhanced incorporation of thymidine into DNA in the liver of intact and partially hepatectomized rats pretreated with 5-azacytidine. AB - The administration of 5-azacytidine to rats resulted in enhancement of thymidine incorporation into liver DNA. Repeated doses of the drug caused a greater than 10 fold increase of thymidine incorporation. In 5-azacytidine-treated intact rats no changes in the activity of thymidine and thymidylate kinases were observed, whereas a marked depression of thymidine phosphorylase activity occurred. In intact animals the mitotic activity in the drug-treated livers changed slightly; however, 5-azacytidine administration before partial hepatectomy resulted in a dramatic increase of mitotic activity in 24-hr regenerating livers. In this case the observed increase in incorporation of thymidine was paralleled both by increased activity of thymidine and thymidylate kinases and by a decline in thymidine phosphorylase activity. The higher incorporation of radioactivity into liver DNA in intact rats pretreated with the drug can be accounted for, at least partially, by the lower cellular degradation of the injected radioactive thymidine used for labeling. In addition, alterations in the labeling and in the mitotic activity of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells caused by 5-azacytidine should be taken into consideration. PMID- 55306 TI - Retinal alterations induced by continuous light in immature rats. II. Zinc iodide osmium tetroxide (ZIO) reactive sites in the rod outer segments. AB - Immature albino rats were subjected to (a) continuous illumination for 5-9 days, or (b) continuous illumination followed by prolonged darkness. Their electroretinographic responses and the ultrastructural characteristics of the rod outer segments, as revealed by a mixture of zinc iodine-osmium tetroxide (ZIO) at different temperatures, were studied and compared with those of a control group maintained in a cyclic rhythm of light and darkness. Noteworthy differences in the distribution of ZIO reactive sites were observed in the rats exposed for 5-9 days to continuous illumination (no electroretinographic responses) as compared with normal controls. At 4 degrees C, ZIO staining was negative in the rods of illuminated rats whereas at 20 and 60 degrees C it was positive inside the tubular and vesicular structures. After prolonged darkness, in rats with a partial electroretinographic recovery and ultrastructural restoration, the ZIO reaction showed a similar pattern to that observed in the control group, ZIO deposits being found both in the intra- and extradiscal spaces. PMID- 55307 TI - The effects of carrier-specific helper T-cell tolerance on antibody avidity in the anti-hapten response. PMID- 55308 TI - Synergistic interactions between lymph node and thymus cells in response to antigenic differences limited to selected regions of the H-2 complex. PMID- 55309 TI - On soluble mediators of immunologic regulation. PMID- 55310 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis-inducing activity of synthetic polyadenylic and polyuridylic homopolymers and complexes in guinea pigs. PMID- 55311 TI - Studies on the cellular site of action of macrophage RNA-antigen complexes. PMID- 55312 TI - Reversible inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory control by tetrabutylammonium bromide. PMID- 55313 TI - [Serum protein differences between ambulatory and bed-ridden subjects]. AB - Total proteins as well as 7 individual protein components were evaluated in the blood serum of 19 subjects, first ambulatory, then recumbent. A concentration decrease of 7% has been found for the latter, independently of the nature of the various proteins studied. PMID- 55314 TI - [Induction, by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine, of a "foamy" virus previously undetected in hamster cells transformed by SV40]. AB - TSV5 clone 2 cells in normal conditions of culture contain only an expressed RNA virus (R-type virus). However, exposure of the cells to 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine with dexamethasone, induced synthesis of a syncitium-forming ("Foamy") virus. In other hamster cell lines, the same treatment fails to induce a "foamy" virus. The origin of this "foamy" virus is discussed. PMID- 55315 TI - Electron microscopic immunohistochemical identification of endothelial cells in the rabbit. AB - Antibody to tissue factor apoprotein was adsorbed against gamma-globulin and coupled to horseradish peroxidase; this complex was applied to various rabbit tissues. The distribution of the peroxidase marker then was observed by electron microscopy. We examined fixed or frozen sections, as well as breis of aorta, vena cava, brain, heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, bone marrow, mesothelial gut lining, erythrocytes, and platelets. All endothelial cells that had been exposed to the antibody complex were positive and in all cases only the endothelial cells showed localization of the electron-dense reaction product. Tissues that had been incubated with complexes prepared with gamma-globulin from animals not immunized with tissue factor apoprotein showed no staining. Prior treatment of the tissue with uncoupled anti-tissue factor gamma-globulin blocked binding by the coupled antibody. In blood vessel preparations that had been specifically designed to expose the media to the anti-tissue factor complex, medial smooth muscle cells and connective tissue showed no reaction product. Parenchymal cells of the other other organs mentioned likewise were devoid of reaction product. Similarly, the leukocytes and platelets occasionally observed in vessel lumens showed no evidence of binding. Platelets adhering to arterial subendothelial structure after injury also were unreactive. These findings suggest that in normal rabbits anti-tissue factor-horseradish peroxidase complex combines selectively with endothelial cells. PMID- 55316 TI - Coagulation of serum by glutaraldehyde. AB - A semiquantitative method for the determination of the gamma-globulin in human serum was developed based on the observation that dilute glutaraldehyde solutions at serum pH first attack the most basic serum proteins, leading to a polymer (clot) consisting mainly of gamma-globulins. The clotting ability of serum by glutaraldehyde thus caould be used as an indicator of the gamma-globulin concentration. PMID- 55318 TI - Long-term quality-control charting: a simple method. PMID- 55317 TI - Double-antibody enzyme immunoassay applied to human alpha 1-fetoprotein. AB - We report the development of a double-antibody system for enzyme immunoassay of human alpha 1-fetoprotein. Equilibrium and sequential saturation procedures were evaluated and compared with a similar double-antibody radioimmunoassay. With our method, 3 mug of alpha 1-fetoprotein per liter can be detected. The dose-response curve covers a 100-fold range of analyte concentrations. Within-run and between run coefficients of variation are respectively 6.9% and 10.0%. Analytical recovery of added antigen is 99.5 +/- 10.6%. Results are routinely obtained in 24 h but can be obtained in less than 8 h. Alpha 1-fetoprotein was measured in a variety of clinical samples, including sera from 488 pregnant women. The advantages of the present method over radioimmunoassay and other enzyme immunoassay procedures are discussed. PMID- 55319 TI - [Variations of the concentrations of certain glycoproteins in maternal serum, fetal serum and amniotic fluid during pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors investigated systematically the variations during normal pregnancies of the concentrations of alpha-1-antitrypsin, orosomucoid, transferrin and alpha fetoprotein simultaneously in maternal serum, fetal serum and amniotic fluid. The role of certain factors such as the gestational age birth weight, placental weight and pairty were studied with regard to variations in the concentrations of each of these proteins. This research permitted the definition during pregnancy of the normal concentrations for these four proteins and allowed us to learn more about protein exchanges between fetal blood, maternal blood and amniotic fluid. There exists a difference between the concentrations of alpha-1-antitrypsin and of orosomucoid found for primigravidae and for multigravidae. The role of these glycoproteins in preventing the mother from rejecting the fetus (insofar as the fetus may be considered as an allograft) is discussed. PMID- 55320 TI - [Identification of proteins by immunochemical methods after electrophoretic runs on different supports (author's transl)]. AB - The determination of the location of serum proteins after electrophoresis on various supports and after immunoelectrophoresis has been achieved by immunochemical methods with specific antisera. The present study describes the technique, gives details of various identified fractions and presents some figures. The method allows us to study the constitution of the "beta-gamma block" observed on paper and acetate supports after electrophoresis of cirrhotic sera and to superimpose the patterns of apparently distinct fractions on polyacrylamide gel. PMID- 55321 TI - [Androgens]. PMID- 55323 TI - Potentiation of IgE-mediated cutaneous reactivity and blood leucocyte histamine release by deuterium oxide. AB - A previous study (Gillespie & Lichtenstein, 1972) demonstrated that there was potentiation of histamine release from human peripheral blood leucocytes following exposure to antigin or anti-IgE in deuterium oxide (D2O). The current study confirms the results with human leucocytes and indicates that the degree of histamine release due to anti-IgE or its potentiation by D2O appeared independent of the serum IgE concentration of the cell donor. Further studies demonstrated that the peripheral blood leucocytes from monkeys with a sufficient degree of IgE mediated reactivity to Ascaris antigen-released histamine following exposure to that antigen. This leucocyte histamine release occurs in animals with immediate type cutaneous and respiratory reactivity following challenge with this antigen. Peripheral blood leucocytes from certain monkeys release histamine following exposure to anti-human IgE. Both of these Rhesus leucocyte responses are potentiated by D2O. This potentiation of histamine release in vitro in two species by D2O was compared with the potentiation of cutaneous reactivity in IgE mediated cutaneous reactions in two species. The addition of D2O to Ascaris antigen or anti-IgE increased the end-point cutaneous titres to these stimuli in Rhesus monkeys and the addition of D2O to Ascaris or ragweed antigen increased the end point cutaneous titre to these reactants in allergic dogs. D2O did not potentiate cutaneous reactivity to histamine in either dog or Rhesus monkey. PMID- 55322 TI - The association of alpha2-macroglobulin with lymphocyte membranes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and other disorders. AB - The association of alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) with the surface membranes of human peripheral blood lymphocyte preparations has been investigated by the direct immunofluorescent technique. The percentage (and total number) of lymphocytes with detectable alpha2M on their surface is significantly increased in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. The incidence of alpha2M-positive cells in normal and pathological conditions closely parallels that observed with conjugated antiserum to the kamma and gamma light chains of human immunoglobulin. It bears no relationship however to the plasma alpha2M levels or to the age of the donor. Additional blocking studies with aggregated human IgG, soluble antigen antibody complexes and the F(ab')2 moiety of the anti-alpha2M, and indirect immunofluorescent studies with the latter, indicate that the fluorescence observed is not due to interaction of the conjugated reagent with Fc or C3 receptors. PMID- 55324 TI - Characterization of a new antigen-antibody system associated with hepatitis B. AB - The occurrence of a new antigen-antibody system was recently described in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive sera with different specificities, one of which was designated e. These specificities are related as demonstrated by the presently utilized e reagents not discriminating between them in immunodiffusion tests. Hence, they are collectively referred to as e in this report. The occurrence of e antibodies in sera containing antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) is reported. The e antibodies were found to move as 7S globulin on rate zonal centrifugation. The e precipitate was demonstrated on the cathode side of the HBsAg precipitate on immunoelectrophoresis consistent with e antigen migrating in the gamma-globulin region. The e antigen is reported to have an S value of 11-6 +/- 0-6 (s.d.) and a buoyant density of 1-291 +/- 0-003 (s.d.), hence differing from HBsAg in all respects studied thus far. PMID- 55326 TI - The effect of anti-alpha2-macroglobulin on K-cell cytolysis and T- and B-cell rosette formation. AB - The effect of antisera to human alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) on the ability of human peripheral blood lymphoid cells to lyse antibody coated target cells (exert a K-cell effect) and form T(E) and B(EAC) rosettes has been investigated. Pretreatment of lymphoid cells with these antisera inhibited their K-cell activity but had no effect on their capacity to form T or B rosettes. The inhibitory activity of the anti-alpha2M sera was always reduced following absorption on a CnBr column to which human alpha2M had been coupled. The absorbed antibody, recovered by acid elution reacted strongly with human alpha2M in gel diffusion precipitin analysis and caused a highly significant inhibition of K cell cytotoxicity. It was further shown that the inhibitory activity of the anti alpha2M was localized exclusively in the IgG fraction and was greatly reduced following pepsin digestion. PMID- 55325 TI - Species-specific tissue antigens. III. Immunological relationships of enzymic antigens in various species. AB - Immunological relationships have been investigated with acid and alkaline phosphatases, cystine aminopeptidase, beta-acetylglucosaminidase, beta glucuronidase, catalase and L-glutamate dehydrogenase of human, monkey, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cattle, sheep, cat, pig, guinea-pig and chicken organ extracts by means of immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Extensive cross-reactions among the antigens of most of the enzymes were observed. However, enzymic proteins of acid and alkaline phosphatases, cystine aminopeptidase, beta acetylglucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase were found to possess primate and/or human-specific antigenic determinants. PMID- 55328 TI - Studies with the macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) test in patients with malignant disease. AB - Macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) tests have been carried out using lymphocytes from twenty-six patients with malignant disease and from twenty-two other subjects. The antigens used were the same as those employed in the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test. The results indicate that the inforation obtained using the MMI test is similar to that found with the MEM test. PMID- 55327 TI - Cell-mediated immune response in mice treated with steroidal contraceptives. AB - The splenomegaly assay (Simonsen, 1962) was standardized using different strains of rats and mice. Male Wistar rat (donor)-female Swiss mouse (host) was found to be the suitable combination that could be employed in subsequent experiments to study the potential of contraceptive steroids to alter CMIR. The index of splenomegaly appeared to increase in case of mice treated with combination oral contraceptives (Ovulen, Ovral or Enovid). The differences observed, however, neared significance only in the case of Ovral (0-05 less than P less than 0-1). Neither chlormadinone acetate nor megestrol acetate significantly altered the index of splenomegaly. PMID- 55329 TI - Ovarian tumors. PMID- 55330 TI - Radiotherapy for cancer of the colon. PMID- 55332 TI - Maintenance of lactation by means of continuous low-dose progestogen given post partum as a contraceptive. PMID- 55331 TI - The effect of various contraceptive hormonal therapies in women with normal and diabetic oral glucose tolerance test. PMID- 55334 TI - [Electrical stimulation of the caudate nucleus of man for palliative treatment: preliminary observation of electro-activity of the caudate nucleus during stimulation]. PMID- 55333 TI - Oxethazaine combined with aluminum and magnesium hydroxide (Oxaine M) in duodenal ulcer pain: a double-blind clinical pharmacology study. PMID- 55335 TI - The fluorescence localization of mouse satellite DNA in interphase nuclei. AB - Nuclei from various mouse tissues exhibit a pattern of fluorescence characteristic of the cell type when stained with the fluorescent compound Hoechst 33258. When such preparations are hybridized in situ with 3H-RNA complementary to the A-T rich satellite of mouse, it is clearly seen that only the fluorescent regions of the nuclei contain the satellite DNA. Thus Hoechst 33258 allows the precise localization of satellite DNA at all stages of the mouse cell cycle. PMID- 55336 TI - Method for the determination of mean densitometric profiles of chromosomes: application to human chromosomes stained by quinacrine mustard, ethidium bromide or by the Feulgen reaction. AB - When comparing the densitometric profiles of corresponding chromosomes registered from different metaphases or homologous pairs, one is always faced with the variability of their length and overall height. This makes difficult the quantitative comparison of a given chromosome treated by various staining procedures.--A simple and rapid method has been developed for normalizing the densitometric profiles and averaging them in order to obtain a "mean density pattern" of each chromosome. The analysis involves: photographic images, digitalization of the densitometric profiles and processing of the data by a mini computer.--The method, based on a linear relationship between the area of the densitometric profiles and their length, has been applied to five human chromosomes (1, 2, 6, 12 and 16) stained by ethidium bromide, quinacrine mustard (with or without acidic hydrolysis), pararosaniline and bisaminophenyl-oxadiazole (Feulgen reaction). PMID- 55337 TI - [Localization and significance of the Q bands observed on mitotic chromosomes of the amphibian Pleurodeles waltlii Michah. after coloration by quinacrine mustare (author's transl)]. AB - Metaphase plates from tailbuds of Pleurodeles waltlii embryos (stage 34) with or without preceding cold treatment were obtained by squashing followed by quinacrine mustard staining. In both cases, caryograms were established and sites of Q bands located.--Most of the secondary constrictions exhibit very high fluorescence. In general, it is the same for most centromeric parts, but their fluorescence is quenched very strongly by cold treatment.--The proximal part of the long arm of chromosome VII and satellites of chromosomes III and XI exhibit dull fluorescence. All these sites are compared with heterochromatin localization. The relation between banding and base composition or non-histone proteins interactions is discussed. PMID- 55338 TI - [RNA-directed DNA synthesis in vitro: detection of polydeoxyadenylate in DNA, complementary to antimessenger-DNA]. PMID- 55339 TI - [Effect of prajmalium bitartrate and procaine amide on ventricular extrasystoles (author's transl)]. AB - Prajmalium bitartrate (Neo-Gilurytmal) was given to 19 patients, who had either runs of ventricular extrasystoles or frequent extrasystoles. The E. C. G. was continuously monitored on magnetic tape. At a dosage of 80 mg/d (20 mg every six hours) a significant reduction in ventricular extrasystoles was demonstrated on 20 separate occasions. After two hours extrasystoles decreased to 63% of the initial level. After six hours practically the full effect of the drug had been reached; the reduction in extrasystoles stabilized after 12 hours at an average of 30% of initial level. Ten hours after the last tablet had been taken the frequency of extrasystoles had risen to 57% of initial level. Comparison with procaine amide (3 g/d) in 14 patients revealed no significant difference between the two drugs. Prajmalium bitartrate was well tolerated, while three patients receiving procaine amide complained of nausea and gastrointestinal symptoms, so that treatment had to be discontinued in two. In one patient, receiving procaine amide by continuous drip, there were reversible joint pains, resembling lupus erythematodes. PMID- 55342 TI - A thermoelectric probe for focal cortical hypothermia. PMID- 55341 TI - Kindling in the frog: development of spontaneous epileptiform activity. AB - The present report is the first demonstration of the kindling phenomenon in a non mammalian, poikilothermic species. Brief (2 sec) localized electrical stimulation was delivered to the hippocampal cortex of one hemisphere of the partially paralyzed bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, at current levels just sufficient to elicit brief after-discharge (AD) on first application. Succeeding stimulations, once per hour, gave rise to more and more prolonged AD involving first the side stimulated (1 degree focus) and secondly the opposite hemisphere (2 degree focus). In addition to these stimulus-dependent alterations, after several hours spontaneous, paroxysmal discharges occurred in interstimulus intervals. They appeared first in the stimulated hemisphere, then as evoked spikes in the secondary hemisphere, and finally independently on the two sides. The waveshape of the spontaneous epileptiform potentials exhibited an extraordinary constancy from complex to complex which was specific to each animal. Such wave-shape coherence implies a constancy to both the anatomical substrate and the sequency of synaptic engagement each time spontaneous paroxysmal activity invades the network. The model is especially suitable for analysis of temperature-dependent biochemical events responsible for this functional transformation. PMID- 55340 TI - [Effects of gestagens on the early phases of pregnancy in cattle--clinical experiences. I. Studies on the prevention of embryonic death]. PMID- 55343 TI - A new technique for long-term recording of eye movements in infants. AB - A device for recording eye movements from infants over long time periods is described. The device consists of an infrared light-emitting diode and a phototransistor mounted in a small package which covers one eye. The eyepiece is insensitive to EEG, EKG, or EMG potentials, and avoids irritation of the infant's skin from application of electrode paste. Detection of eye movements compares favorably to conventional eye movement electrodes. PMID- 55345 TI - The human frequency-following response: its behavior during continuous tone and tone burst stimulation. AB - The frequency following response (FFR) in humans has been elicited by continuous tones as well as tone bursts. The responses were observable over a range of frequencies extending from 70 c/sec to greater than 1.5 kc/sec. The threshold for the continuous response has a mean of about 40 dB SL and is perhaps several dB lower for the burst response. The response threshold as a function of sound pressure level (SPL) increases rapidly at frequencies below 125 c/sec and above 1 kc/sec. These thresholds are particularly sharp at the lower frequencies. Narrow band noise that just produces subjective tone masking also masks the FFR. The latency of the FFR is about 6 msec when the tone burst intensity is 30 dB over FFR threshold. Comparison with click response latencies indicates that the onset of the FFR corresponds with early waves IV and V. PMID- 55344 TI - Anatomical organization of the phasic activity produced by reserpine at the level of the oculomotor system. AB - The organization of the pathways responsible for the transmission of phasic electrical activity at the level of the oculomotor system was studied in the encephale isole cat which was injected with reserpine or exhibited spontaneous phases of paradoxical sleep. At the level of the VIth nuclei there are both ipsilateral and contralateral connections deriving from each generator. The ipsilateral pathway transmits an "inhibiting" potential eliciting electromyographic inhibition of the ipsilateral rectus muscle, and the contralateral pathway, an "activating" potential eliciting activation of the corresponding lateral rectus muscle. A medial saggital section from frontal plane APO, extending caudally to the VIth nuclei at frontal plan P9 is necessary to suppress the bilateral synchronization of phasic activities recorded from the VIth nuclei and the activation of the lateral rectus muscles. The areas responsible for phasic activity recorded at the level of the central visual and oculomotor systems have been delimited through brain transections. The pathways responsible for the transmission of phasic activity at the level of the IIIrd and IVth nuclei are contiguous with the ponto-geniculate pathways. This was demonstrated by electrocoagulation. PMID- 55346 TI - The scalp topography of potentials associated with missing visual or auditory stimuli. AB - Averaged potentials time-locked to regularly presented visual and auditory stimuli and to the occasional random deletion of a stimulus were recorded from a scalp electrode array overlying the left hemicranium. The major components of visual and auditory evoked potentials and of the potentials associated with missing stimuli (MSP) were measured and their amplitude distributions depicted in the form of isopotential maps. The N1 components of the VEP and AEP had distributions compatible with sources in and near the respective primary cortical projection areas. The P2 components were more widely distributed and could be attributed in part to generators within modality specific association areas. The MSP comprised two main components, an initial negativity (NMSP) and a later positive wave (PMSP). The NMSP distributions were different in the visual and auditory modalities, and were similar to the respective EP topographies. The NMSP appeared to reflect a more powerful contribution of association areas than did the evoked responses. The PMSP topography was modality unspecific with distributions which were maximal over the parietal region. The possible functional significance of the NMSP and PMSP was considered in the light of their timing and topography. PMID- 55347 TI - Maturation of the somatosensory evoked potentials in normal infants and children, with special reference to the early N1 component. AB - The early components of the somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) were analysed in 39 normal newborns in REM sleep, 35 normal awake children between 1 month and 9 years and 16 normal awake adults. Electrical pulses were delivered at random intervals to fingers of the contralateral hand. The SEP were averaged from several electrodes in the parietal scalp focus and several runs were compared to estimate precise latencies and durations (Fig. 5, 6, 7). The system bandpass extended to 3 kc and many precautions were taken to exclude interference. The limb temperature was carefully maintained at normal value in order to avoid undue slowing of peripheral conduction velocity. The SEP presented markedly increased latencies for near-threshold stimuli (Fig. 3) while becoming even more focalised (Fig. 1). Background data were obtained in order to standardize the parameters for the maturation study (Fig. 2, 3, 4). In the children, the early negative component was found to undergo progressive changes. It was only at the age of about 8 years that the adult pattern was approached (Fig. 8, 9, 10, 11). The duration of the early negative N1 component decreased quite progressively. The latencies to onset and to peak were also shown to follow a highly consistent pattern when the body length of the subjects was taken into account (Fig. 9, 10). By dividing the data by the body length, functions were obtained which could be said to apply to a "standard" individual whose body length did not change from birth to adulthood and remained at one meter. Such plots made it possible to appreciate the true extent of the SEP maturational changes from birth. The quantitative data thus provided should serve as a useful reference for subsequent studies on developmental changes of the brain and for clinical applications to diseased children. PMID- 55348 TI - The human magnetoencephalogram: some EEG and related correlations. AB - Simultaneous magnetoencephalographic (MEG) and electroencephalographic (EEG) data were recorded from six normal adult subjects. MEG signal strength and EEG voltage level appear to be linearly correlated. Spectral analysis suggested that the MEG and EEG data were produced by similar but non-identical generator systems. A vertex region magnetic averaged evoked response to flash was recorded in one (of four) subjects, consisting of a waveform similar to but out of phase with the simultaneous EEG averaged evoked response, such that cortical negativity was correlated with a magnetic field directed into the scalp. Eye movement artifact, which can seriously compromise EEG recordings, does not appear to be a major problem in MEG recordings. PMID- 55349 TI - Effect of flurazepam on sleep spindles and K-complexes. AB - In this research, a quantitative study of the EEG from 5 subjects permitted a detailed analysis of the effect of 30 mg of flurazepam administered over 7 nights. Four placebo baseline nights and 3 placebo withdrawal nights were also recorded. For 4 of the subjects, a nondrug and nonplacebo follow-up record was obtained 4 to 6 weeks later. The subjects were 4 females, 1 male, age range 23 42. All complained of either sleep onset greater than 45 min, sleep length of less than 6 h, or two or more sleep awakenings. Compressed spectral analysis yielded a computer-generated somnogram on each of the 15 nights of sleep, and an automated spindle detector was used to count and measure the duration of spindle bursts with frequencies of 12.25-15.5 c/sec on baseline nights 3 and 4, drug nights 1, 2, 3 and 7, on the 3rd withdrawal night, and on the 4-6 week followup record. K-complexes were scored visually on the 4th baseline and 7th drug nights. There were no significant differences in spindle rate per minute among baseline nights and the follow-up record. By the 2nd drug night, spindle rate had significantly increased over the baseline rate. Linear contrast analysis indicated there was a significant increase of spindle rate over drug nights. All 5 subjects showed this pattern of increase. In contrast to the increase in spindle activity, the rate per minute of K-complexes significantly decreased during drug administration. PMID- 55350 TI - Changes in amplitude of the EEG induced by a photic stimulus. AB - Occipital EEG responses to a single photic flash were studied by using a complex demodulation technique. Individual EEGs were first digitally filtered by making use of the Ormsby band-pass filter. Envelopes of the alpha (8-12 c/sec) and of the low frequency (3-7 c/sec) activities were obtained in terms of the demodulation calculation. Both individual and averaged data of raw, filtered, and demodulated EEGs were utilized for the present study. Two typical kinds of EEG responses were observed. One showed clearly the blocking as well as the enhancement of the alpha activity. The alpha activity first exhibited a reduction in amplitude in the range 50-200 msec after the stimulus (the minimum amplitude at about 150 msec). Then an evocation, rather than merely a recovery, of the alpha was observed in the range 500-800 msec (maximum amplitude at about 650 msec). The other typical example showed the low frequency evoked potential prominently. This response appeared almost locked to the stimulus and showed roughly a bi-phasic pattern in the time range where the alpha blocking took place (30-200 msec). Phases of the evoked low frequency component were almost locked to the stimulus but no distinct phase coherence was observed for the enhanced alpha wavetrains. Detection by demodulation of the phase change of the alpha was critical for a single EEG. It is pointed out that changes of the alpha must be studied on individual EEGs. PMID- 55351 TI - Biological signal detection by the autocorrelogram and a recurrence frequency method. AB - The signal detection property of the autocorrelation function (ACF) is conventionally derived on the assumption of two conditions that may not be present in biological time sequences: (1) the measured variable is assumed to be the sum of a noise and a signal function; (2) the signal function is assumed to continue throughout the sequence. In neuroelectric sequences of all-or-none responses the first assumption would not be appropriate if most of the elements seen by the recording electrode were accessible to the signal input. The sensitivity of the ACF was investigated in simulated sequences in which the random noise was entirely replaced by a periodic square wave signal function for a small number of repetitions and the results compared with a recurrence frequency function (RFF) developed during this work; under these conditions the ACF proved to be significantly inferior. Sensitivity of the ACF was the same for a pure signal function as for an additive function of signal and noise but sensitivity of the RFF was severely degraded for the latter. A variety of neuroelectric sequences was studied and many were found in which strong rhythmic processes revealed by RFF were not detected by the ACF. It is suggested that both methods be used when the signal function may be present during only a small part of the data-collection period and when it is not known to what degree the measured variable may be the sum of a noise and signal function. When an additive function is known to exist, the ACF will be the method of choice; for pure signal functions REF will be more sensitive. PMID- 55352 TI - Correlation between the dischanges of two simultaneously recorded motor units and physiological tremor. AB - Simultaneous recording was performed from pairs of motor units either in a small intrinsic hand muscle (first dorsal interosseus, 6 subjects, 37 records) or in two synergistic calf muscles (gastrocnemius and soleus, 6 subjects, 50 records). The two motor units were recorded by means of two electrodes inserted into the muscle during stationary isometric contractions of different strengths. Cross correlograms were calculated in two ways: (1) between spike trains of two motor units; (2) between either spike train and the peaks of the tremor record. The cross-correlation between pairs of motor units showed a consistent tendency to synchronization in the hand as well as in the calf muscles. This synchronization was higher than could be expected from the random activity of asynchronously firing motor units. The amount of synchronization was correlated with the amplitude of physiological tremor: the stronger the tremor, the higher the synchronization coefficient. The cross-correlation between a spike train and the peaks of the tremor records showed a higher probability of unit firing 30-60 msec prior to the tremor beats. It is concluded that the tremor force produced by one muscle or a pair of synergistic muscles is the result of the synchronized activity of motor units. This hypothesis is supported by some characteristic changes in the amplitudes and rates of tremor in Parkinson's disease and myopathies. In these diseases the pathological changes in tremor rates simply reflect underlying changes of the motoneuronal firing rates. PMID- 55353 TI - EEG changes during spontaneous and controlled menstrual cycles and their correlation with psychological performance. AB - 1. EEG (occipito-central, anterior and posterior temporo-central), blood concentration of hormones (oestradiol, progesterone, prolactin, folliculo stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing (LH) hormones) and psychometric tests (reaction time, concentration, simple calculations, visual orientation and simple motor performance tasks) were recorded from 16 young women during a spontaneous menstrual cycle (s.c.w. group) and from 16 women taking combined oral contraceptives (o.c.w. group). All data were collected every second day except Sundays. 2. The EEGs underwent power spectrum analysis. Power and weighted mean frequency were determined for different frequency bands (theta, alpha and beta). The most constant finding in the s.c.w. group was a slight increase of mean alpha frequency during the luteal phase until menstruation (mean of occipital alpha acceleration = +0.3c/sec). The average time course of this acceleration fitted the time course of progesterone increase, but no direct correlation could be established. No such acceleration of alpha frequency could be found in the o.c.w. group, but the mean frequency in this group was about 0.5c/secslower than that of the s.c.w. group. In addition, minor cyclic changes of EEG paramenters in the s.c.w. group were observed in the occipital and temporal theta activity, the temporal alpha activity, but none in the beta range. 3. Reaction times to simple tasks, simple arithmetic, etc. were slightly but significantly decreased in the s.c.w. group during the luteal phase with a minimum on the day before or during menstruation. No such changes were observed in the o.c.w. group, which performed, in all tasks, slightly slower and slightly less correctly than the s.c.w. group. 4. The individual relative accelerations of alpha frequency and shortening of reaction times were positively correlated with each other. PMID- 55354 TI - The frequency-following response in subjects with profound unilateral hearing loss. AB - Frequency-following responses (FFRs) evoked by 500 c/sec tone bursts 14 msec in duration, presented at 50 dB SL were recorded from Cz--A1 and Cz--A2 electrode derivations using eight subjects with normal bilateral hearing, and eight subjects with profound unilateral hearing loss. Monaural stimulation of either ear in normal subjects, and of the unimpaired ear in hearing-loss subjects, evoked larger responses from the ipsilateral electrode derivation than from the contralateral electrode derivation. Stimulation of the impaired ear in hearing loss subjects evoked no response. Binaural stimulation in normal-hearing subjects evoked Cz--A1 and Cz--A2 responses of equal magnitude, each larger than either the ipsilateral or contralateral monaural response, but each slightly smaller than the sum of the ipsilateral and contralateral monaural responses. Binaural stimulation in hearing-loss subjects evoked responses equivalent to those obtained monaurally. The results provide evidence of binaural interaction in normal-hearing subjects and indicate that FFR arises from at least two separate symmetric neural sources, possibly by iterative activation of brainstem evoked response (BER) generators. PMID- 55355 TI - Study of contingent negative variation and the post-imperative wave in the presence of interference. AB - The aim of this investigation was to study ways of inducing prolonged contingent negative variations (CNV) in human subjects. Fourteen subjects underwent the following experimental procedure: 1st day: 2 CNVs in control conditions were recorded (16 successive trials, each with standard S1--S2 paradigm). 2nd day: 5 successive CNVs were recorded:(1) control; (2) labyrinthine stimulation before 1st, 5th, 9th and 13th trials with simple mental calculation performed between S1 and S2, i.e. during CNV; (3) mental calculation only; (4) labyrinthine stimulation only; (5) control. None of the three interference situations caused any significant changes in the mean and maximal CNV amplitudes measured between S1 and S2. On the other hand, the post-imperative part of the CNV was significantly (P less than 0.025) prolonged but only in the situation where 2 types of interference were applied at the same time. This increase disappeared with removal of the double interference. This change, which matches that observed spontaneously and reversibly in certain mental patients in the acute phase of their illness, seems to reflect a transient alteration of the psychophysiological state of the subject. The possibility of inducing these changes in a normal subject could serve as a means of determining the individual threshold of stress. PMID- 55356 TI - Spatio-temporal organization of EEG in premature infants and full-term new-borns. AB - Inter- and intrahemispheric EEG relationships were studied as a function of maturation in new-born infants. The spatio-temporal organization of EEG activity obtained during the two stages of sleep described in new-born infants - quiet sleep and active sleep - was analysed in 9 full-term new-born infants and 5 prematures (6 records). EEGs were recorded through transverse parietal montage made up of six bipolar derivations. Two epochs of 1.5 min each - successively obtained in both stages of sleep - were digitized, filtered in three frequency bands (beta, theta and delta) and computer-processed according to two methods, factor analysis and rhythms averaging. 1. The following EEG characteristics were found in both groups: (a) Instability of frequency within each frequency band (beta, theta and delta). However, theta activity was the most stable of the three, especially in quiet sleep. (b) Variability of topographical organization (i.e., localization of maxima of potentials) from one moment to another in both stages of sleep and in the three frequency bands. In spite of this intra individual variability some sort of "average structure" was found in all infants; it was characterized by usually lateral and often symmetrical positions of the maxima of potential on the two hemispheres. For the same infant this structure was the same in the three frequency bands. (c) Poor interhemispheric relationships under all conditions, as well as poor interregional links in one hemisphere. 2. Some EEG characteristics differentiated the two groups and thus seemed to be related to maturation. Compared to full-term newborns the premature group showed: better stability for all three activities, especially for beta activity; higher frequency and larger amplitude of beta activity; better inter- and intrahemispheric relationships; fewer differences related to sleep stages. These results are discussed in terms of organization of the underlying cortical generators. The authors suggest that the active areas would increase in number and in surface with maturation, whereas the links between these different separate areas would remain very poor in the human full-term new-borns as well on one hemisphere as across hemispheres. This last finding would argue against the hypothesis that the corpus callosum which, as is well known, matures early, plays an important role in the establishment of interhemispheric links. PMID- 55357 TI - Detection of cyclic sleep phenomena using instantaneous heart rate. AB - The development of the Heart Beat Domain and the Fourier transform of the Heart Beat Domain (which we call the Beatquency Domain) has provided new and useful tools for the quantitative analysis of sleep level patterns. This method of analysis has produced remarkable intersubject as well as intra-subject consistency and the only physiologic parameter required in the analysis is beat by-beat heart rate. This analytical tool was designed to aid in the detection of sleep cycles, or more specifically, the rhythmic transitions from REM+ (awake Stages 1 and REM combined) to NREM (Stage 2, 3 and 4 combined) over a normal night of sleep. Employing this method on minute-by minute sleep recordings from 9 normal sleep subjects, 2 complete nights each, we were able to distinguish between the REM+ and NREM stages with an average accuracy of approximately 80%. Considering that beat-by-beat heart rate was our only criteria, we felt that the algorithm performed with significant success. PMID- 55358 TI - Time of day effects with standardized exercise upon subsequent sleep. AB - The effect standardized exercise had upon sleep was studied with eight subjects. A pilot study assessed individual work capacity by the sub-maximal estimation of VO2 max. In the main study each subject performed the exercise, once a.m. and once p. m., on different days. Sleep was scored into stages and an additional sub division of stage 2 containing 10-20% by time of delta. Comparison with baseline showed no significant whole night changes with any criteria following either a.m. or p. m. exercise. After p.m. exercise there was a significant increase in stage 3 for the first half of the night. It was concluded that ensuing wakefulness following early daytime exercise is sufficient for recovery, but late daytime exercise may result in an intrusion of recovery into initial sleep. Sleep is not seen to be necessary for recovery from muscular fatigue. PMID- 55359 TI - The thyroxine-binding properties of rat and rabbit serum proteins. AB - The thyroxine (T4) binding properties of rat and rabbit serum proteins were studied using a gel equilibration technique, gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In both species two different T4 binding molecules were identified in whole serum and in Cohn fraction V preparations. Only one of these binding species demonstrated the characteristics of specific binding, i.e., high affinity for the hormone and binding site saturability. The mean (+/- SD) apparent association constants (ka) at 37 C for the specific binding proteins in whole rat and rabbit serum were 3.5 +/- 0.5 x 10(8)M-1 and 2.8 +/- 0.5 x 10(8)M 1, respectively. The mean T4 binding capacities of these proteins were 4.3 +/- 1.2 x 10(-6)M and 7.4 +/- 1.0 x 10(-6)M for rat and rabbit serum, respectively. Non-specific binding was due to serum albumin. Rat albumin (ka = 6.1 +/- 1.6 x 10(5)M-1, at 37 C) bound T4 significantly more strongly than did rabbit albumin (ka = 2.3 +/- 0.4 x 10(5)M-1, at 37 C) when it was assumed that there was only one T4 binding site/molecule of albumin. The ability of rat albumin to bind more T4 could also be explained by a greater number of T4 binding sites/molecule. Partial separation of the two T4 binding species was attained by gel filtration on Sephadex G200 columns. The specific binding protein of both rat and rabbit serum was eluted slightly later than the corresponding serum albumin. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis resulted in the separation of two distinct T4 binding peaks in the rat, but with rabbit serum clear separation of the two T4 binding molecules was not attained. In both species the specific binding protein migrated anodal to serum albumin. PMID- 55360 TI - Confirmation of pesticide residue identity: part IX. Organophosphorus pesticides. AB - This paper describes a confirmation procedure for residue levels of dyfonate, dichlorofenthion and cyanox. After extraction and quantitation by flame photometric detector (FPD)-gas liquid chromatography (GLC), the organophosphorus pesticides are hydrolyzed in a 10% methanolic-potassium hydroxide solution. The phenolic hydrolysis products are then extracted from this solution and reacted with pentafluorobenzyl bromide to produce the pentafluorobenzyl (PFB) ether derivatives. These PFB ethers are subsequently cleaned-up and fractionated on a silica gel micro-column and analyzed by electron capture (EC)- GLC. PMID- 55361 TI - The complex carbohydrates of mammalian cell surfaces and their biological roles. PMID- 55362 TI - Inhibition of lobster-muscle arginine kinase by homologous antibodies and study of an antibody population directed against a tyrosine-containing antigenic structure. AB - The effect of highly inhibitory rabbit antibodies on the enzymic activity of lobster-muscle arginine kinase has been studied. 100% inhibition was obtained at a 30-fold molar excess of antibody. The guanidine substrate L-arginine did not protect the enzyme from subsequent inhibition by its antibodies. On the other hand, the metal-nucleotide substrate Mg-ATP, or the substrate analog Mg-AMP, protected about 50% the enzyme activity, the extent of hte protection being irrespective of hte presence or of the absence of L-arginine and of the value of the molar ration Ab/Ag/ An antibody population directed against the antigenic determinant containing the essential tyrosine residue of the enzyme has been isolated by the affinity chromatography. No inhibitory acitivity was found in that fraction. Most of the inhibitory activity was found in the remaining antibody populations... PMID- 55363 TI - Uneven extraction of protein in Chinese hamster chromosomes during G-staining procedures. PMID- 55364 TI - Changes in HL-A antigen profiles on SV40-transformed human fibroblasts. PMID- 55365 TI - The electrophoretic mobility of serum lysozyme. AB - The electrophoretic mobility of serum lysozyme in 2 patients with raised enzyme levels was identical to that of gamma-globulins. Similar mobility was observed after incubation of lysozyme and normal serum. Incubation with one hypogammaglobulinemic serum showed that lysozyme could also acquire alpha2 mobility. PMID- 55366 TI - Physiological effects of the meteorologically abnormal year 1974 observed in healthy males in the Netherlands and southern Norway. AB - Convincing evidence of biological effects during long-term abnormal weather conditions is very rare because usually no continuous series of physiological data from the same animals or humans (either single or in groups) have been collected over many years during the period preceding the meteorological event. Since 1955, at the Biometeorological Research centre, Leiden, about 220,000 blood data were collected from healthy male blood donors at Leiden, The Netherlands, and about 110,000 data at Oslo, Norway, since 1966. It was found that during the meteorologically abnormal year of 1974, which was abnormal in many parts of the world, both in Leiden and Oslo abnormal biological patterns occurred in blood sedimentation rate, haemoglobin, diastolic blood pressure, gamma-globulin levels, Piccardi p-test percentages and a few other biological parameters. A more complete monograph will be published at a later date. PMID- 55367 TI - Levels of beta-trace protein and lysozyme in human amniotic fluids. AB - The levels of beta-trace protein and lysozyme were estimated in amniotic fluids from normal fetuses and from fetuses with neuraltube defects. The values of these proteins in normal amniotic fluids were found to be similar to those detected in fetuses with anencephaly and spina bifida. The levels of lysozyme were shown to be correlated with gestational age. PMID- 55369 TI - Reverse transcription of a plant viral RNA. PMID- 55368 TI - [Influence of hypertensive substances on the kallikrein-kinin system of the blood]. AB - It is shown that following a one-time intravenous administration to rats of ethyron, epinephrine and pituitrin (in doses causing hypertension) the amount of the blood plasma kininogen is more than halved with concurrently increasing caseinolysis. A two-day long introduction of these substances activates prekallicrein and brings down the level of the kallicrein inhibitors, whereas a 10 and 20-day coursewise administration of these compounds intensifies the synthesis of some components in the kallicrein-kinine system. PMID- 55370 TI - Interrelations of matrix lipids, vesicles, and calcification. AB - When calcifying tissues were extracted with hot pyridine or hot benzene and then decalcified and stained with Sudan black B, the areas where mineralization was being initiated stained strongly, the rest of the calcified tissues being unstained. Histochemical methods showed that lipids were responsible for the staining. They were isolated biochemically and found to be phospholipids, very resistant to extraction before decalcification of the tissues and consisting predominantly of phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidyl inositol. It was proposed that these phospholipids were active at nucleating sites in apatite crystal formation, since it is known that phosphatidyl serine binds calcium strongly. It has been shown that phosphatidyl serine is present in matrix vesicles. PMID- 55371 TI - Alcoholic hepatitis. Cell-mediated immunological response to alcoholic hyalin. AB - Immunological reactivity in alcoholic hepatitis has bben attributed to alcoholic hyalin, the histological hallmark of this disease. A purified isolate of alcoholic hyalin with electron microscopic, biochemical, and serological characteristics documented previously was added to lymphocytes from healthy subjects and patients with alcoholic hepatitis or other hepatic disorders. Production of migration inhibition factor (MIF) in response to this material was used as an index to lymphocyte reactivity. MIF was significantly increased in lymphocytes obtained from patients with alcoholic hepatis, as compared to the healthy controls (P less than 0.001), and persons with other liver diseases (P less than 0.005). These observations indicate that immunological hyperreactivity to alcoholic hyalin occurs in patients with alcoholic hepatitis; such activity may be of key importance in the pathogenesis or sequelae (or both) of this disease. PMID- 55372 TI - Hepatitis BS antigen, malaria titers, and primary liver cancer in South Vietnam. AB - A total of 306 individuals from South Vietnam were studied: 61 had a diagnosis of primary liver cancer (38 had a tissue diagnosis, and 23 had a clinical diagnosis and a positive alpha-fetoprotein); 9 had viral hepatitis; 101 were hospitalized patients (60 with various other forms of liver disease and 41 without liver disease); 94 were blood donors; 29 were drug users, and 12 were medical students. Alpha-fetoprotein was present in 45 of 61 (74%) of those with a diagnois of primary liver cancer (PLC) and in none of the other patients. Using immunoelectroosmophoresis, hepatitis BS antigen (HBSAg) was found no more frequently in those with PLC than in the other groups studied. In contrast, using a radioimmunoassay technique HBSAg was present 3 to 8 times as frequently in the PLC patients as in other subjects without viral hepatitis. There was a close relationship between the presence of alpha-fetoprotein and HBSAg in the patients with PLC. Malaria seropositivity rates were no different in the PLC groups than the other groups. It appears that in South Vietnam PLC is associated with an increased frequency of HBSAg. PMID- 55373 TI - [The use of stimulated fluorescence in determining DDT and hexachlorane by means of thin-layer chromatography with fluoresein]. PMID- 55374 TI - [Studies on juvenile chronic hepatitis]. AB - Follow-up study of 40 children suffering from chronic hepatitis. The diagnosis was made by liver needle biopsy with the Menghini method, when clinical signs or laboratory data of liver disease had lasted for more than 6 months. 24 patients showed the histological pattern of the aggressiv type of chronic hepatitis according to the definition of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (1968). In this group only 5 children had autoantibodies in the serum (so called lupoid hepatitis). The HBAg positive courses played the most important part in the chronic persistent group as well as in the aggressive one. According to literature only the patients with the aggressive type have been treated with prednison, because chronic persistent hepatitis has a good prognosis without any treatment. In nearly all cases high transaminases and gammaglobulin levels decreased during the treatment with prednison, whereas the histological signs of inflammation seldom changed. Cirrhosis of the liver has developed in 2 HBAg positive patients of the aggressive group, who had not consequently received their daily dose of prednison. PMID- 55375 TI - Dark cells of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts. I. Morphological data. PMID- 55377 TI - Cytochemical study of pseudoisocyanine stained human chromosomes. AB - Human meiotic and mitotic chromosomes were studied with N-N' diethyl pseudoisocyanine stain. Following methylation and oxydation, the staining allowed microscopic observation of slides with both monochromatic light and fluorescence. In addition, stained preparations can be permanently conserved. Preceeded by diverse methods of chromosome denaturation or 5-BUDR incorporation, PIC lends itself to a large number of banding techniques. Cytochemical study of stained chromosomes demonstrated a certain PIC affinity for DNA although tests performed do not exclude the possibility of PIC reaction with certain proteins. PMID- 55376 TI - The role of trypsin in the pre-treatment of chromosomes for Giemsa banding. AB - The role of trypsin in the elicitation of G-banding on human chromosomes was studied in two separate laboratories. Enzyme activity and ability of trypsin to chelate calcium were manipulated by dilution of the treatment solution, and by inhibition with diisopropylphosphofluoridate, diphenylcarbamyl chloride, or soybean trypsin inhibitor. In all cases, chromosomes were affected in proportion to the enzyme activity of the treatment solution rather than the ability of the solution to bind calcium. It is concluded that calcium chelation is not sufficient to explain G-banding trypsin, but that proteolytic activity is required. PMID- 55379 TI - ADA-PAHO conference. Meeting views delivery problems. PMID- 55378 TI - Routine G-banding in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal disorders. PMID- 55380 TI - Inhibition of anaphylactic histamine release by Forssman antiserum. I. Characteristics of the reaction and inhibitor. AB - Forssman antiserum produced in rabbits immunized with sheep erythrocyte stromata was found to contain an IgG antibody which inhibited both passive anaphylactic sensitization of guinea-pig lung and also histamine-releasing activity of soluble immune complexes. This Forssman antibody did not itself cause histamine release or depletion of lung histamine stores. The IgM haemolysin component of the Forssman antiserum was not associated with inhibitory activity. The inhibition by the IgG Forssman antibody differed from that of normal rabbit gammaglobulin both in its irreversible character and in being absorbed by sheep erythrocytes. The inhibitory antibody had no effect on the histamine-releasing activity of compound 48/80, anaphylatoxin or reversed anaphylaxis. It was concluded that IgG Forssman antibody probably blocks the tissue receptor(s) for anaphylactic antibody in guinea-pig lung. PMID- 55381 TI - Neurotoxicity of chronic chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide poisoning--a clinical and electroencephalographic study in man. PMID- 55382 TI - Alpha fetoprotein in hepatomas. PMID- 55383 TI - Australia antigen subtypes among blood donors and viral hepatitis cases at Delhi. PMID- 55384 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein in paired cord-blood and maternal sera. PMID- 55385 TI - Protein loss during peritoneal dialysis--a typical case study. PMID- 55386 TI - Identification of sialic acid in polysaccharide antigens in group B Streptococcus. AB - By means of paper chromatographic techniques with purified, sialic acid containing, bacterial antigen standards, sialic acid, as well as galactose and glucosamine, have been identified as components of each type-specific antigen of group B Streptococcus. Rhamnose was not detected in the group B antigen isolated by the classical HCl and heat extraction method. PMID- 55387 TI - Correlation between fluorescent antibody detection of hepatitis B core antigen in liver biopsies and the presence of e antigen in serum. AB - HBc Ag was detected by fluorescent antibody in liver biopsies taken from chronic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) carriers having e antigen in their sera. HBc Ag could not be detected in liver biopsies from similar individuals having e antibody in their sera. PMID- 55388 TI - Immunochemical analysis of distinct cellular antigens isolated from a nontypable bovine strain of group B streptococci. AB - Four immunologically distinct antigens were isolated from a bovine strain of group B streptococci, designated 14 Mi. Chemical analysis indicated that two of the cell surface antigens consisted of glucose, galactose, and glucosamine, whereas the other cell surface antigen, an acidic protein, contained a predominance of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and alanine. A cell wall-associated triheteroglycan consisting of galactose, glucose, and glucosamine was isolated from strain 14 Mi by 10% trichloroacetic acid. Immunochemical studies suggested that this glycan is type specific and consists of an immunodominant alpha-linked galactosyl-glucose disaccharide. PMID- 55389 TI - Neutral proteases of human PMN leukocytes with kininogenase activity. AB - A neutral protease with kininogenase activity was isolated from human polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes by cation exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The protease appears heterogeneous by cation exchange chromatography, isoelectric focusing and cationic disc gel electrophoresis, but homogeneous by gel filtration, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, SDS-disc gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. By carrying out the electrophoresis of the protease in acrylamide gels of varying concentrations, it was shown that they represent charge isomers. The protease was stable at pH 4-10, but labile to heat, being almost completely inactivated when incubated for 30 min at 70 degrees C. It exhibited proteolytic activity between pH 5 and 9, being maximal at 7.5-8.5. The molecular weight of the PMN protease was estimated to be about 20,000 daltons by gel filtration in aqueous buffer and about 26,000-28,000 daltons by SDS-disc gel electrophoresis and gel filtration in Sepharose 6B in the presence of the dissociating agent guanidine HCl. Its sedimentation coefficient was about 2.7S. Corresponding to the charge heterogeneity, by isoelectric focusing, the kinin generating and esterolytic activities of the PMN granule lysate focused between pH 6.0 and 11.5, whereas the isolated PMN protease focused between 10.0 and 11.8. With respect to kinin generation, caseinolysis, and alanine esterase activity, the protease was inhibited by DFP and certain chloromethyl ketone inhibitors, as well as the plasma protease inhibitory a1-antitrypsin, a2-macroglobulin and antithrombin III. Both bradykinin and a methionyl-lysyl-bradykinin-like peptide were generated from highly purified kininogens by a lysosomal lysate containing the PMN protease. However, this assay was done with a crude enzyme preparation which contains an aminopeptidase capable of converting lysyl-bradykinin or methionyl-lysyl-bradykinin to bradykinin. When injected intradermally, the protease induced hyperemia, hemorrhage, and moderate enhancement of vascular permeability, but the mixture of the protease and kininogen induced a marked enhancement of vascular permeability. PMID- 55390 TI - A receptor for antibody on B lymphocytes. III. Relationship to immunoglobulin and ia determinants. AB - The physicochemical structure of the receptor for antibody (FcR) on B cells and its interrelationship with Ig and H-2 gene complex associated antigens were examined. FcR were found to be sensitive to treatment with phospholipase C and pronase, but resistant to neuraminidase, phospholipase A and chymotrypsin. They would therefore appear to be composed of phospholipoproteins. Several lines of evidence indicated that FcR and Ig receptors were discrete entities: thus, FcR (1) were resistant to chymotrypsin; (2) capped independently of Ig, as demonstrated by means of Fab fragments of anti-Ig, and (3) were closely associated with at least some Ia determinants, which are known to be distinct from Ig determinants. The relationship between FcR and H-2 gene complex associated antigens was confirmed by demonstrating inhibition of binding of aggregates by anti-Ia serum and vice versa. If, however, FcR were capped, anti-Ia serum applied under non-capping conditions was still found to bind diffusely to the great majority of B cells. Although this could be explained in part by the presence of residual FcR, some Ia determinants appeared to be distinct from FcR. The finding of residual FcR after capping with aggregates or immune complexes implied that FcR are a more integral part of the cell membrane than Ig receptors and could therefore act as proreceptors for the latter. Consistent with this was the demonstration of a significant polar distribution of Ig on B cells capped for FcR and then labelled under non-capping conditions with anti-Ig. PMID- 55391 TI - Serological investigations in 15 cases of bird fanciers disease. AB - Serological studies in 15 patients with bird fanciers disease are reported. Quantitative analysis of serum proteins showed elevation of IgG in almost every case. High IgE was observed in three patients with isolated asthmatic reactions. In four patients alpha1-antitrypsin was transiently diminished. Two of these had heterozygous deficiency of this protein (genotype MS and MZ). Precipitins against avian sera and avian droppings were found in all patients, but also in some exposed and nonexposed controls. Cross-reactions to avian antigens from different species were observed quite regularly in patients but not in controls. One case is presented suggesting that these cross-reactions may be of clinical importance. Precipitins against other inhaled antigens such as Aspergillus fumigatus, cereals or Micropolyspora faeni were observed significantly more frequently in patients than in controls. These precipitins showed no cross-reactions with those against avian antigens. PMID- 55392 TI - Inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation into human lymphocytes by dialyzable material of streptokinase- streptodornase. AB - Using the 3H-thymidine incorporation test, the lymphocyte-stimulating activity of streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD, Varidase) and its fractions were evaluated. The dose-response curves of all the preparations except the third fraction had two peaks with the maximum around 5 and 40 mug. The dialyzable fraction of Sk-SD (D-SK-SD) occupying approximately half of the original sample had almost no lymphocyte-stimulating activity; and conversely, it had a potent inhibitory effect on the 3H-thymidine incorporation into lymphocytes that normally occurs with non-dialyzable SK-SD (ND-SK-SD), PPD and PHA-P. Therefore, it will be desirable to remove the dialyzable fraction from the commercial SK-SD preparation when it is used for the determination of the capacity of cellular immunity against tsk-sd. PMID- 55393 TI - Measurement of dengue virus-specific double-stranded ribonucleic acid in infected primate cell extracts by microquantitative complement-fixation methods. AB - Microquantitative complement-fixation methods have been applied to the detection and quantitation of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in cytoplasmic extracts of uninfected and dengue virus-infected primate cell lines. LLC-MK2 and PGLC-33H cells exhibited increased levels of dsRNA following dengue virus infection. Cytoplasmic extracts of infected and uninfected LLC-MK2 cells subjected to density gradient analysis showed that increased levels of dsRNA were associated with structures believed to be virus-specific. Primate cell dsRNA and dengue dsRNA preferentially reacted with rabbit anti-rIn-rCn, while reovirus dsRNA and rAn-containing synthetic duplexes preferentially reacted with anti-rAn-rUn. PMID- 55394 TI - Inhibition of allergic reactions by chromoglycate and by a new anti-allergic drug (10-chloro-1,4,6,9-tetrahydro-4,6-dioxopyrido (3,2-g) quinoline-2,8-dicardoxylic acid). I. Activity in rats. AB - A new inhibitor of IgE-mediated allergic reactions has been studied in rats. This new inhibitor is chemically quite different from cromoglycate and shows qualitative and quantitative advantages over it. This new inhibitor possesses no bronchodilator or end-organ antagonism activity, but as cromoglycate acts by inhibition of mediator release. Multiple doses in rats lead to tachyphylaxis. This effect is reversed both by decreasing the first dose and increasing the time between doses. PMID- 55395 TI - Studies in experimental eosinophilia. XI. Dependence of eosinophilia, apparently induced by histamine, on acidity. AB - A solution of histamine in saline elicited eosinophil response in both lymph nodes and the blood stream. The lymph node response was not inhibited by the antihistamine, mepyramine maleate, but was inhibited by puromycin. Both the lymph node and the systemic response were essentially abolished when the pH of the solution (5.0 and 4.7, respectively) was brought to neutrality by phosphate buffer. Serum could bring the pH of histamine to neutrality or higher, but the histamine-serum mixture retained in vivo activity, unless the histamine was buffered before addition to the serum. When normal guinea pig gamma-globulin was incubated with histamine, a nondialyzable factor was generated which had the same activity as histamine. Thirteen different amino acids induced lymph node eosinophilia and each was acid in saline solution; when one of them, trytophane, was brought to neutral pH, its activity was considerably reduced. During the period when the circulating level of eosinophils was rising, there was no detectable fall in the bone marrow stores of mature of immature eosinophils. Thus, the activity of histamine, vis-a-vis eosinophils, is nonspecific and is attributable to its acidity. The data suggest that histamine, in the acidic state, generates autoantigens, which, in turn, lead to antibody-mediated eosinophilia in lymph nodes. PMID- 55396 TI - EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA)-positive cells in the peripheral blood of infectious mononucleosis patients. AB - After removal of SRBC rosette-forming T-cells from the peripheral blood, the residual, largely B-lymphocyte fraction of five infectious mononucleosis patients was found to contain 0.5-2% blast cells, positive for the EBV-determined nuclear antigen (EBNA). There was a rough parallelism between the presence of large lymphoblasts in the hematological smear, EBNS-positive large blasts in the B-cell fraction and the ability of the T-cell fraction to exert an EBV-specific lymphocytotoxicity on established cell lines in vitro. EBNA-positive B-cells and EBV-specific killer T-cells disappeared after the acute phase of the disease. PMID- 55397 TI - Tumor-bound immunoglobulins. Evidence for the in vivo coating of tumor cells by potentially cytotoxic anti-tumour antibodies. AB - The experiments described herein were designed to determine whether part of the Ig coat of tumor cells consists of specific anti-tumor antibodies. It was demonstrated that the inoculation of polyoma virus-induced sarcoma cells (SEYF-a) into syngeneic A.BY mice stimulates the production of cytotoxic antibodies against the tumor-cell population. The level of these antibodies, which was undetectable during the first week after transplantation, increased markedly during the second week, and remained high thereafter. Following the increase in cytotoxic antibodies in the serum, a cell-bound potentially cytotoxic antibody was detected on the tumor cells by testing their sensitivity to rabbit complement. The increase in cell-bound, potentially cytotoxic antibody followed the kinetics of the increase in serum antibody during the second week after transplantation and was inversely correlated to the amount of free antigens on the cell surface. These antigens, responsible for the sensitivity of the cells to a syngeneic hyperimmune cytotoxic antiserum, became non-available for the cytotoxic antibodies during propagation of the tumor cells. Cells from a tumor propagated for 3 weeks could not compete for anti-tumor antibodies with cells propagated for 1 week. Yet it was possible to increase the antigenic capacity of cells from an old tumor by a treatment that would cause the release of tumor associated Ig. Cytotoxic anti-SEYF-a antibodies could be dissociated from tumor cells propagated in vivo by methods causing dissociation of antigen-antibody complexes, and detected in tumor eluates. PMID- 55398 TI - Persistence of Epstein-Barr viral nuclear antigen (EBNA) in cells entering the EB viral cycle. AB - It was shown by double immunofluorescence studies that Epstein-Barr viral nuclear antigen (EBNA) was preserved in EBV-infected cells after they had entered the productive viral cycle, as signalled by the appearance of the early antigen (EA)complex. A nuclear component of the EA comples could be clearly distinguished from EBNA with regard to antigenic specificity. PMID- 55399 TI - [What is reliable in the therapy of hyperthyroidism?]. PMID- 55400 TI - [Histochemical demonstration of pancreatic B-cells by means of the colloidal iron (Hale) reaction (author's transl)]. AB - The stainability of B-cells in islets of Langerhans by means of colloidal iron reaction has been examined using two standard modifications (Graumann resp. Mowry) of the original Hale-reaction. After previous oxidation of the sections with performic acid a strong and selective staining of B-cells was obtained by the use of a colloidal iron reaction based upon Graumann's method. With Mowry's technique B-cells remained unstained. The demonstration of B-cells using a performic acid-colloidal iron reaction has been compared with methods of known selectivity (Aldehyde Fuchsin, Dichlorpseudoisocyanine). By restaining procedures it could be shown that with the three methods the same type of cell i.e. B-cell is stained. PMID- 55401 TI - The histochemical application of dansylhydrazine as a fluorescent labeling reagent for sialic acid in cellular glycoconjugates. AB - A new method for the fluorescent staining of stalic acid-containing glycoconjugates in fixed tissues is described. The procedure uses mild periodate oxidation, followed by condensation with dansylhydrazine and reduction of the hydrazones to hydrazines. The specificity of the reaction for sialic acid is tested on model glycoconjugates. The procedure gives superior resolution in comparison to the standard periodate Schiff procedure for cellular carbohydrates. PMID- 55403 TI - A comparison of four quantitative cytochemical methods directed toward demonstration of DNA. AB - Populations of nuclei isolated from mouse brain tissue were stained by the following cytochemical methods considered stoichiometric for DNA: (1) the Feulgen reaction; (2) gallocyanin-chromalum after RNase; (3) pH 4.0 methylene blue after RNase; and (4) methyl green used in the presence of 2M magnesium chloride. Replicate preparations to be stained with gallocyanin-chromalum, methylene blue, and methyl green were acetylated prior to staining. All of these groups were examined by high-resolution scanning microspectrophotometry. The results indicated that of the methods examined, the Feulgen reaction, gallocyanin chromalum used without prior acetylation, and methylene blue used with prior acetylation were the most useful in revealing differences attributable to variability in chromatin organization. The greatest variability in total extinction measurements was observed in acetylated, methylene blue-stained nuclei, while the least variability was observed in nuclei stained with methyl green in the presence of 2 M magnesium chloride. Acetylation produced different effects on dye-binding in different groups. It greatly increased binding in nuclei stained with methylene blue; it reduced binding in the methyl green-2 M magnesium chloride series. PMID- 55402 TI - Glycoprotein metabolism in the hypothalamus of rat: significance of glial cells. AB - Incorporation of 3H-fucose injected into the CSF was studied in hypothalamus and hypophysis of rats by biochemical and autoradiographic techniques. The concentration of radioactivity was determined as a function of time from 10 minutes to 28 days in the acid soluble and the acid precipitable fraction of homogenates. The incorporated activity was localized by light microscopic autoradiography in several regions of the hypothalamus. The labelled proteins were transported to the pars nervosa at a velocity of 1.1 to 3.3 mm/hr, i.e. in the fast component of the axoplasmic flow. Differences were found between hypothalamic and pars nervosa tissue regarding rates of increase and maximum concentrations of protein-bound radioactivity. Values for both parameters were about 6 times higher in hypothalamus than in pars nervosa. On the basis of the autoradiographic observations it is concluded that this difference may be due to a considerably higher synthesis rate of glycoproteins in glial cells than in neurons. PMID- 55404 TI - Electron microscopic localization of monoamine oxidase in the rat liver. AB - Two methods have been employed to localize monoamine oxidase activity in the cells of rat liver, using either 2-(2'-benzothiazolyl)-5-stryl-3-(4' phtalhydrazidyl) tetrazolium chloride (BSPT) or ferricyanide as electron acceptor. With both methods monoamine oxidase activity was found both in the inner and the outer mitochondral membrane, although the outer membrane appeared the most probable location. In addition the BSPT method but not the ferricyanide method, revealed monoamine oxidase activity in the endoplasmatic reticulum. The results obtained by the two methods have been compared and are discussed in view of available biochemical data on monoamine oxidase. PMID- 55405 TI - Glycoproteins in membranes of secretory granules of the anterior pituitary gland. AB - Rat anterior pituitary glands were examined by electron microscopy after staining with five different histochemical stains. Histochemical reactions were observed in the cell coat, cell membrane and the membrane surrounding the secretory granules in all anterior pituitary cells following staining with phosphotungstic acid (PTA), chromic acid and PTA, the periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver protein method (PA-TSC-SP) of Thiery, ruthenium red and concanavalin A. The staining was abolished when the sections were preincubated with pronase, neuraminidase or trypsin and subsequently exposed to PTA, chromic acid and PTA or PA-TSC-SP. The possible functional role of the glycoproteins present in the membrane surrounding the secretory granules is considered. PMID- 55406 TI - Further observations on the chemistry of pararosaniline-Feulgen staining. AB - Pararosaniline-Feulgen staining of cells in suspension produces nucleus- and chromatin-specific fluorescence as well as color. Experiments were designed to test postulated reaction mechanisms responsible for the fluorescent staining with the nonfluorescent pararosaniline. The reduction in fluorescent-staining intensity by pretreatment of cells with 2.2 x 10-2M K2S2O5 tends to rule out the alkysulfonic acid pathway; conditions favoring the formation of this intermediate reduce staining intensity. The fluorescence enhancement, observed when cells stained in pararosaniline without K2S2O5 are post-treated with K2S2O5, suggests that there is an initial Schiff-base linkage between pararosaniline and an aldehyde of hydrolyzed DNA, and that this linkage is stabilized in the presence of K2S2O5. Microspectrofluorometer measurements of cells stained at various pararosaniline concentrations in 2.2x10-2M K2S2O5, show that the fluorescence emission maximum ranges from about 627 nm at 3.1x10-3 M pararosaniline to about 604 nm at 3.1x10-5M. All of the employed staining protocols appear to produce the same fluorescent product, perhaps a heterocyclic pyronin analog formed from pararosaniline. Flow microfluorometric analysis of cells stained in suspension verified that the relative fluorescence intensity represents relative DNA content. Staining at reduced pararosaniline concentration (3.1x10-4M) reduces the coefficient of variation of the flow microfluorometric histograms, showing that maximum quantitation does not necessarily correlate with maximum staining intensity. PMID- 55407 TI - The use of a transesterification technique to distinguish between certain neuraminidase resistant epithelial mucins. AB - The effects of potassium hydroxide and soidum methoxide treatments upon the Alcian blue staining and neuraminidase lability of certain neuraminidase resistant epithelial mucins have been studied. The results were interpreted as indicating that while the mucins of rat colon and rabbit Brunner's gland contain only 4-0-acetyl sialic acid, human colonic epithelial mucins may contain some sialic acid with esters at the C1 carboxyl group. PMID- 55408 TI - Production of specific antibodies to contractile proteins, and their use in immunofluorescence microscopy. I. Antibodies to smooth and striated chicken muscle myosins. AB - Antibodies prepared against actomyosins can be shown to behave similarly, if not identically to more recently prepared antibodies against highly purified myosins. Details of the purification of the antigens, and of the production of antibodies to chick myosins from smooth gizzard muscle and from striated pectoral muscle are given. The antibody specificity appears to be directed against the heavy chains of the myosin molecules, since these antibodies specifically inhibit the myosin ATPase reaction, and since in situ staining of myosin polypeptide chains on an SDS gel using the antibodies in indirect fluorescence shows staining only in the heavy band region. Use of the antibodies in immunofluorescence microscopy suggest that the antibodies are tissue, but not species, specific. Example of their use in staining tissue sections are shown. PMID- 55410 TI - The histochemical demonstration of calcium with 8-hydroxyquinoline. AB - A method for the histochemical demonstration of calcium using 8-hydroxyquinoline was investigated. It was found to give intense, highly selective staining of various pathologic and natural calcifications, and compared favourably with conventional procedures for calcium. Calcium oxalate and calcium pyrophosphate were not stained. PMID- 55409 TI - Light microscopic demonstration of myoid material in nuclei. AB - During the development of configurational staining methods for proteins of the myosin-fibrin group, nuclei showed staining properties similar to those of myofibrils. This dye binding could be attributed to nuclear alpha-helical proteins. More recent chemical and electron microscopic studies demonstrated actomyosins in nuclei of various species. Possible roles of nuclear actomyosin in chromosome movements and condensation and in cell proliferation have been suggested. It seems therefore permissible to assume that the tannic acid phosphomolybdic acid (TP)-Levanol Fast Cyanine 5RN method and similar technics visualize myosin in nuclei. Comparative studies of actomyosins from various sites indicated significant chemical an histochemical differences. It is therefore suggested that, in analogy to the different classes of collagens, there may be several subgroups of myosin which differ in their physico-chemical properties and sensitivity to fixation procedures and pathological conditions. PMID- 55411 TI - Sudden interruption of leaflet opening by ventricular contractions: a mechanism of mitral regurgitation. AB - The motion of both mitral cusps and the presence of valvular regurgitation during ventricular contractions were investigated in seven experiments on dogs in which radiopaque markers had been sutured to the cusps and the valve annulus 1-32 wk before the studies. Cineangiograms of the left ventricle were obtained during ventricular ectopic beats, interposed throughout the cardiac cycle (20-99% of cycle length) and during induced variations in the P-R interval (0-200 ms). Mitral regurgitation was observed only during a) weak, early ectopic beats (peak pressure below 34 mmHg) which were incapable of closing the cusps and b) when ventricular contractions suddenly interrupted normal leaflet motion toward the ventricle, during three well-defined periods of diastole (diastolic valve opening, diastolic rebound, and atrial opening). Valve closure following sudden reversal of cusp opening was slow and the leaflets often did not arrive simultaneously at their closed positions. These findings suggest that sudden interruption of leaflet opening by ventricular contractions is an important mechanism of transient mitral regurgitation in the normal heart. PMID- 55412 TI - Inhibition of Ca2+ uptake into fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum by antibodies against purified Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent ATPase. AB - Rabbit antiserum was prepared against a partially purified Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] of the SR isolated from chicken skeletal muscle. The gamma globulin fraction of antiserum contained antibodies which combined with the purified ATPase and the SR vesicles. Binding of the antibodies strongly inhibited active transport of Ca2+ ions into the SR, but not passive leakage of Ca2+ ions from the SR. The antibodies scarcely affected the ATPase activity. PMID- 55413 TI - Aglycosylantibody. Effects of exoglycosidase treatments on autochthonous antibody survival time in the circulation. AB - Rabbit anti-hapten antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography and characterized immunochemical for in vivo studies of their blood clearance rate and organ distribution after treatment with various glycosidases. Following sequential removal of sialic acid, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine with the appropriate cellulose-immobilized exoglycosidases, the antibody populations were recharacterized, radiolabeled, and introduced intravenously into the original animals. Using double radioiodine lables it was possible to demonstrate alterations in purified antibody survival times in the circulation and altered organ distribution after glycolytic cleavage. Removal of terminal sialic acid resulted in rapid blood clearance and enhanced localization of asialoantibody in the liver. Subsequent removal of penultimate galactose residues returned both antibody survival time in the circulation and organ distribution to near normal. Removal of subpenultimate N-acetylglucosamine moieties resulted in aglycosylantibody survival values which were intermediate between asialo- and asialoagalactoantibodies. Removal of the three saccharide also increased kidney localization. The results are evaluated based on current concepts of the biological roles of protein-linked carbohydrate and plasma glycoprotein survival time in the circulation. PMID- 55414 TI - On the fidelity of DNA replication. Enzyme activities associated with DNA polymerases from RNA tumor viruses. AB - DNA polymerase from RNA tumor viruses ("reverse transcriptase") has been analyzed for activities which have been associated with other DNA polymerases. Homogeneous DNA polymerase from avian myeoblastosis virus catalyzes pyrophosphate exchange and pyrophosphorolysis. Pyrophosphate exchange is dependent on a template and is base-specific. With avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase, ribonucleotide templates are more efficient for synthesis while deoxyribonucleotide templates are more effective for pyrophosphate exchange. Synthesis, pyrophosphate exchange, and pyrophosphorolysis were inhibited by the chelating agent 1,10-phenanthroline, suggesting that enzyme-bound zinc is required for each of these reactions. The pyrophosphate exchange reaction was also demonstrated with the DNA polymerase from a mutant of Rous sarcoma virus that possesses a temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase. The pyrophosphate exchange reaction with the mutant polymerase is temperature-sensitive which demonstrates that pyrophosphate exchange is indeed catalyzed by the viral DNA polymerase and that the same mutation effects both DNA polymerase and pyrophosphatase activity. Unlike Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I, the DNA polymerase from avian myeloblastosis virus fails to degrade polydeoxyribonucleotides or to convert deoxynucleoside triphosphates into monophosphates. This lack of hydrolytic activities in avian myeoblastosis DNA polymerase should facilitate kinetic studies on the mechanism of DNA synthesis by this enzyme. PMID- 55415 TI - On the fidelity of DNA replication. Lack of exodeoxyribonuclease activity and error-correcting function in avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase. AB - Homogeneous DNA polymerase ("reverse transcriptase") from avian myeoblastosis virus was assayed for exodeoxyribonuclease activity. The substrates were defined template-initiator complexes in which different radioactive nucleotides were present at the 3'-OH termini of the initiator. Even when the number of molecules of enzyme was equal to the number of initiator termini there was no significant release of radioactivity with any of the template-initiator combinations tested. Under similar conditions, the nuclease activity associated with either Escherichia coli or T4DNA polymerases rendered more than 90% of the initiator termini acid-soluble. The ratio of exodeoxyribonuclease activity to protein with avian myeoblastosis DNA polymerase is less than 0.003% of that obtained with E. coli DNA polymerase I. Furthermore, avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase failed to excise mispaired terminal nucleotides in both the presence and absence of polymerization. PMID- 55416 TI - Resin hemoperfusion: a method of removing circulating thyroid hormones. AB - The ability of an extracorporeal hemoperfusion system employing neutral Amberlite resin to bind thyroid hormone and to decrease circulating levels of triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and free thyroxine (FT4) was evaluated in dogs made thyrotoxic by the intramuscular administration of thyroid hormone. Since the resin column and tubing were charged with saline, the effects of hemodilution from this source on serum T3 and T4 was assessed by control perfusion through a column which did not contain any resin. After correction for hemodilution, the mean serum T3, T4 and FT4 decreased during 2 hours of resin hemoperfusion by 39%, 35%, and 46%, respectively. Hormonal clearance rates were calculated in two experiments and the estimated net hormone removed averaged 60.4 mug of T3 and 1990 mug of T4. Hematologic indices and routine chemistries did not change significantly in these dogs during the procedure except for a decrease in mean serum albumin concentration and an increase in mean serum glucose concentration. Hemoperfusion through this resin system seems to be a safe, effective means of decreasing serum T3, T4, and FT4 in thyrotoxic dogs and warrants evaluation for the treatment of thyroid storm in man. PMID- 55417 TI - Reagin-mediated asthma in rhesus monkeys and relation to bronchial cell histamine release and airway reactivity to carbocholine. AB - Rhesus monkeys with persistent immediate-type cutaneous and respiratory responses (RR) to ascaris antigen (AA) were compared with rhesus monkeys with skin reactivity and no respiratory responses, and animals with no skin reactivity and no respiratory responses to inhaled antigen (NR). The RR group could not be distinguished from the nonresponding (NR) group by the cutaneous skin test titers, serum, or respiratory secretion IgE concentration. Leukocyte histamine (H) release due to anti-IgE was similar with peripheral blood leukocytes and bronchial lumen mast cells (MC) from RR and NR animals. The RR group of animals could be distinguished from the NR group by their degree of sensitivity to inhaled carbocholine and H release from respiratory MC exposed to AA. The RR group demonstrates consistent, persistent respiratory responses suitable for immunologic, pharmacologic, and physiologic studies. Finally, it was found that the IgE concentration in respiratory secretions of rhesus monkeys was comparatively higher than in serum, evidence for IgE as a secretory Ig in the respiratory tract of this species. PMID- 55418 TI - Fractionation of cells on a discontinuous Ficoll gradient. Study of subpopulations of human T cells using anti-T-cell antibodies from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had a decrease in a subpopulation of cells (fraction D) when peripheral blood lymphocytes were separated on a discontinuous Ficoll gradient. Preincubation of SLE cells at 37 degrees C for 30 min led to a marked decrease in this fraction, composed primarily of thymus-derived (T) cells. Supernates of such preincubations were found to cause a reduction in fraction D cells from normal humans. The active factor in the supernate was found to be an IgG antibody. Similarly, serum from patients with active SLE produced a reduction in fraction D cells from normal donors. This activity was also found in the IgG fraction, and could be absorbed with a pure T-cell population. Depletion of macrophages and complement did not reduce the SLE anti-T-cell antibody-mediated loss of cells from fraction D; however, heat-aggregated human gamma globulin led to impairment of the reaction. These findings suggest that antibody-dependent direct lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity may play a role in T-cell lymphopenia of SLE. It was further noted that the SLE anti-T-cell antibodies, in contrast to rabbit antihuman thymocyte serum, recognized fraction D cells but not fraction E cells from normals. Since both fractions are largely T cells, it appeared that the SLE serum was directed against cell-membrane antigenic determinants present on fraction D T cells, which were absent or reduced in quantity on fraction E T cells. Thus, evidence was presented indicating the presence of at least two subpopulations of cells in man. This was supported by differential absorption of the anti-T-cell sera with fractions D and E. PMID- 55419 TI - Experience with the sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue stain for amyloid in cardiac pathology. AB - The sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue (SAB) method, which stains amyloid green, was evaluated in 220 hearts from elderly patients. The technique proved superior to the Congo red, crystal violet, and thioflavine T methods used either singly or as a battery for the demonstration of cardiac amyloid. Amyloid was easily identified under the X3 objective, even in small amounts. A few non-amyloid components stained varying shades of green but were easily distinguished on morphological grounds. No false positive or equivocal reactions occurred, and in particular elastic laminae and paravascular connective tissue were not tinctorially confused with amyloid. The SAB stain is technically simple and consistently reproducible, and no special light source is required for examination. An additional advantage in cardiac pathology is the simultaneous demonstration of any fibrosis, basophilic myofibre degeneration, tissue mast cells and mucoid degeneration of valves present. PMID- 55420 TI - A method for the differential determination of plasma antithrombins. AB - A method for the differential determination of plasma antithrombins, antithrombin III and alpha2 macroglobulin, is described. The method is based on the selective inactivation of plasma alpha2 macroglobulin by treatment with 0-1 M methylamine for 10 minutes at 37 degrees C and on the observation that antithrombin III and alpha2 macroglobulin inhibited in defibrinated plasma low concentrations of thrombin without mutual interference and according to pseudo-first order reaction. In healthy subjects antithrombin III was shown to account for about 70% of the total antithrombin activity. But in patients with liver cirrhosis, where low levels of total antithrombin activity were observed, the relative contribution of antithrombin III was found to be noticeably lower. PMID- 55422 TI - Proceedings: Grade of histological differentiation, glutamate dehydrogenase activity and alphafetoprotein production in human hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID- 55421 TI - A method for distinguishing sheep erythrocytes adherent to human tissue sections. PMID- 55423 TI - Simple teaching aid with clinical applications. PMID- 55424 TI - Effect of student academic ability on learning from programed text, slide-tape, and lecture. AB - The results of this study demonstrate that the programed text, slide-tape, and lecture do not differ greatly in effectiveness at any ability level. This fact eliminates the potential nightmare of having to assign dental students to different teaching formats according to academic ability. Future research should concentrate on the long-range effect of self-instructional materials, especially for the development of the effective study habits and self-reliance, which may be particularly important for low academic ability students. It is possible that academic ability is not the most important factor in matching students to teaching formats. Perhaps student personality characteristics will yield more useful guideposts for tailoring teaching to the student's best advantage. PMID- 55425 TI - Carbon monoxide exposures of Boston bicyclists. PMID- 55426 TI - Biological effects of carbon monoxide vs. whole emissions from engine with catalyst. PMID- 55427 TI - Prostaglandins and asthma: The use of blood components for metabolic studies. AB - Experiments were carried out to study a possible role of prostaglandins (PGs) in the pathogenesis of human bronchial asthma. Leukocyte, plasma, and serum of ambulatory asthmatic as well as nonasthmatic individuals were used. PGF was measured by competitive radioimmunoassay with anti-PGF2alpha antibody. It was found that PGF was spontaneously released from the leukocytes of both asthmatic and nonasthmatic individuals. The PGF release as studied with the cells of asthmatic individuals was enhanced by the additions of arachidonic acid and/or dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Antigenic challenge of sensitive cells failed to show any general effect on the amount of PGF released. The amount of spontaneously released PGF had no correlation with the amount of maximal antigenic histamine release. Preincubation of the cells with arachidonic acid had no effect on subsequent antigenic histamine release. Plasma PGF levels in nonasthmatic and in asthmatic individuals were not significantly different and both were considerably lower than the serum levels. The mean serum PGF level in the asthmatic group was higher than in the nonasthmatic, indicating probably a greater release of PGF from blood cells. PMID- 55428 TI - Polymerized ragweed antigen E. IV. The analysis of the stability of molecular size and antigenic reactivity of the polymer. AB - Ragweed antigen E polymerized by treatment with glutaraldehyde offers a potentially improved method for immunotherapy of human IgE-mediated pollinosis because studies have demonstrated that the polymer retains antigenic reactivity but has decreased ability to release histamine when these functions are compared on a weight basis. The potential clinical usefulness of the polymer is dependent both on stability of the polymer and on retention of antigenic reactivity. The method used for the analysis of the stability of the polymer under conditions of storage was the comparison of gel filtration fractionation profiles. No depolymerization was demonstrated during storage conditions for 2 mo, and only minimal evidence of additional polymerization (less than 8%) or depolymerization (less than 7%) was observed after 6 mo of storage. There was no difference in the per cent of polymerized antigen E precipitated by rabbit antiserum after storage as compared with control samples. PMID- 55429 TI - Differential cellular immune responsiveness to systems of the major histocompatibility complex. AB - Antigens determined by genes of the major histocompatibility complex can be divided into two systems" the LD (lymphocyte-defined or L determinant) and SD (serologically defined or S determinant) antigens. This division is based on the differential cellular responsiveness to these two sets of antigens of two subpopulations of T lymphocytes: a proliferating helper cell responds primarily to the LD antigens while a cytotoxic T lymphocyte responds most strongly to the SD antigens. PMID- 55430 TI - An Index of Nutritional Quality for a balanced diet. New help for an old problem. AB - The Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) is a method of quantitative and qualitative analysis of single foods, meals, and diets which has special significance in assessing clinical nutritional problems. The INQ is a ratio of the nutrient-to-calorie content of foods which may be calculated by computer and printed as bar graphs and tabular data. The number of nutrients and the nutrient standards used for analysis are flexible parameters which may be varied for each clinical situation. Illustrative examples include INQ analysis of simple foods, an institutional house diet, the diabetic Exchange list, and the diagnostic evaluation of the dietary intake of a hospitalized patient. PMID- 55431 TI - Anterior cervical interbody fusion: Long-term follow-up of 48 patients. PMID- 55432 TI - Proceedings: Histological techniques for cranial bone studies. PMID- 55433 TI - Identification of a macrophage-specific cell surface antigen. AB - A mouse-specific macrophage antigen (MSMA) was identified in NP-40 extracts of 125I-radiolabeled mouse preitoneal macrophages by using a rabbit anti-mouse macrophage serum (AMS) and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The antigen was shown to have a m.w. of 83,000 daltons and was present on both normal and "activated" peritoneal macrophages. MSMA was also present on syngeneic adherent spleen cells, allogeneic peritoneal macrophages, a mouse macrophage cell line (P388D1), and exhibited some cross-reactivity with peritoneal macrophages from closely related species (rats and hamsters). MSMA was not present on nonadherent peritoneal exudate cells, spleen cells, erythrocytes, thymocytes, or bone marrow cells. Extensive absorptions of AMS with thymocytes and erytrocytes from mice were necessary to remove other antibodies that reacted with other mouse membrane antigens. An antiserum directed against a specific membrane antigen has great potential in elucidating structure-function relationships with regard to a number of macrophage activities. PMID- 55434 TI - In vitro immune response to the 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl determinant in aged C57BL/6J mice:changes in the humoral immune response to, avidity for the TNP determinant and responsiveness to LPS effect with aging. AB - An in vitro anti-TNP response of the spleen cells from aged C57BL/6J mice showed approximately 4-fold less PFC than did that from young adult mice. Anti-theta serum-treated young spleen cells gave an anti-TNP response that was definitely greater than the response of the anti-theta serum-treated aged spleen cells in the presence of the exogenous activated thymus cells as helper cells. These results suggest that the deficits in B cells may be partly responsible for the imparied anti-TNP response of the aged spleen cells. To examine further the capacity of stem cells in the bone marrow to generate B cells responsible for anti-TNP response in the spleen, we injected i.v. 1.5 to 2.0 times 10(7) bone marrow cells from young or aged mice into lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients that had previously been thymectomized. Four to 6 weeks later, 10(7) spleen cells from the two groups of these recipient mice were immunized with TNP SRBC in the presence of the exogenous activated thymus cells and assayed for anti TNP PFC. The response of the aged marrow-derived B cells was approximately one half of that of the young marrow-derived B cells. The avidity for TNP determinant of the antibodies produced by the PFC was determined by the plaque-inhibition technique. The avidity of the antibodies produced by the aged mice was approximately 33 times lower than that by the young mice. Anti-TNP response of the young spleen cells were markedly enhanced by the addition of LPS to the cultures, whereas no or little enhancement of the response was induced in the aged spleen cells even in the presence of high concentration of LPS. In contrast, DNA synthesis of both the young and aged spleen cells was comparably stimulated by 1 mug/ml and 10 mug/ml of LPS, however, it was rather less in the aged spleen cells at a concentration of 100 mug/ml. Mechanisms responsible for the changes in avidity and responsiveness to LPS with aging are discussed. PMID- 55436 TI - Immunosuppressive factor(s) extracted from lymphoid cells of nonresponder mice primed with L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT). AB - The synthetic terpolymer of L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) not only fails to elicit a GAT-specific antibody response in nonresponder mice, but also prior injection of GAT specifically decreases the ability of nonresponder mice to develop a GAT-specific antibody response to a subsequent challenge with GAT-MBSA. This inhibition is mediated by GAT-specific suppressor T cells. Further, a suppressive factor can be extracted from lymphoid cells of GAT-primed nonresponder mice that inhibits the development of primary GAT-specific antibody responses to GAT-MBSA and to GAT-PRBC- by normal syngeneic mice. The suppressive activity is dose-dependent and absorbed by GAT-Sepharose, but not by BSA Sepharose. The suppressive activity elutes from a G-100 Sephadex column in the same fraction as ovalbumin, suggesting its m.w. is approximately 45,000 daltons. PMID- 55435 TI - In vitro studies of the genetically determined unresponsiveness to thymus independent antigens in CBA/N mice. AB - The X-chromosome-linked B lymphocyte defect of CBA/N mice has been studied in vitro by comparing the ability of (CBA/N X DBA/2)F1 (X-/X- X X+/Y) male (X-/Y) and female (X-/X+) spleen cells to respond to the thymus-independent antigen DNP (or TNP)-AECM-Ficoll. (CBA/N X DBA/2)F1 male spleen cells failed to generate significant in vitro anti-TNP antibody responses to DNP- or TNP-AECM-Ficoll, in contrast to spleen cells from F1 female (X-/X+) mice which responded normally to these T-independent antigens. Spleen cells from male F1 mice responded almost as well as F1 female cells to the thymus-dependent antigen, TNP-sheep red blood cells (TNP-SRBC) in vitro. Adding F1 male cells to F1 female cells failed to reduce the response of the latter to DNP-AECM-Ficoll, suggesting that the inability of F1 male cells to respond was not due to active suppression. The response of F1 male spleen cells to TNP-SRBC was not impaired by adding high concentrations of TNP-AECM-Ficoll indicating that the mechanism of unresponsiveness was not tolerance induction in all TNP-specific precursors. Lymphocytes from F1 male mice were capable of forming anti-TNP antibody after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in high concentrations; DNP-AECM-Ficoll had no effect on this polyclonal response. B lymphocytes from mice bearing only the X-chromosome of the CBA/N strain thus display a profound defect in B cell activation. This functional defect may represent either an inability of the defective B cells to be activated by thymus-independent antigens or the absence of a sub-class of B cells which respond to thymus-independent antigens. PMID- 55437 TI - Lymphocyte transformation induced by autologous cells. III. Lymphoblast-induced lymphocyte to stimulation does not correlate with EB viral antigen expression or immunity. AB - Human mitogen-induced and cell line B lymphoblasts stimulate the proliferation of allogeneic and autologous lymphocytes in culture. The role in thes reaction of EB viral determinants on the stimulating cells and immunity of the lymphocyte donor to the EB virus has been studied. The stimulatory capacity of cultured cell line lymphoblasts is not inhibited by incubating lymphoblasts with antisera to EB viral determinants. Cultured cell line B lymphoblasts stimulate as much thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes from donors with or without immunity to the EB virus. Further, a B lymphoblast cell line (U-698) which lacks the EB viral genome stimulated as much lymphocyte proliferation as did B lymphoblasts with the EB genome. Cultured T lymphoblast cell lines do not stimulate allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation. These cells appear to lack the determinants which stimulate lymphocyte transformation. No evidence was found that cultured cell line T lymphoblasts suppressed allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation. Mitogeninduced lymphoblasts from EB-immune and non-immune subjects stimulated the proliferation of autologous lymphocytes comparably. It is concluded that neither immunity to the EB virus nor expression of EB viral antigens on mitogen-induced on cell line lymphoblasts is necessary for the stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 55438 TI - Diversity of the antibody response to the different antigenic determinants on the hemagglutinin subunits of influenza viruses. AB - Sera from rabbits hyperimmunized with hemagglutinin (HA) subunits isolated from the A/Port Chalmers/73 (H3N2)strain of influenza virus showed great differences in their cross-reactions with different strains of influenza virus. In hemagglutination-inhibition tests, some sera reacted to about the same titer with A/Port Chalmers/73 and A/Hong Kong/68 viruses, suggesting that these two strains were very closely related. Other sera, which reacted to high titer with A/Port Chalmers/73 virus, had only a low titer with the Hong Kong/68 strain, suggesting that the two viruses were distantly related. Evidence suggested that these diverse cross-reactions were due to widely different ratios, in the different sera, of antibodies to the "common" and the "specific" antigenic determinants on the HA subunits. Thus, some rabbits gave a stronger response to the "common" determinants than to the "specific", whereas in others, the reverse seemed to be the case. Sera from human volunteers injected with A/Port Chalmers/73 inactivated or subunit influenza virus vaccines, or from people infected with Port Chalmers/73 virus, contained, in most cases, antibodies predominantly to the "common" antigenic determinants on the HA subunits. These sera reacted to higher titer with Hong Kong/68 virus than with the Port Chalmers/73 strain. Absorption of these sera with Hong Kong/68 virus totally removed all detectable antibody, suggesting that they contained no antibody to the "specific" determinants of Port Chalmers/73 HA. Paradoxically, absorption of the sera with Port Chalmers virus did not remove all antibodies, suggesting that the sera contained antibodies to the "specific" determinants on Hong Kong/68 HA. PMID- 55439 TI - The effect of thiols on the immunologic release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis. II. Other in vitro and in vivo models. AB - In the presence of L-cysteine, a selective and marked enhancement of the in vitro, immunologic release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from human peripheral leukocytes, sensitized monkey lung fragments, and sensitized guinea pig lung fragments was observed. In the rat, cysteine, but not sodium sulfide, enhanced the calcium ionophore (A23187)- induced release of SRS-A in vitro from mixed rat peritoneal cells and in vivo from the rat peritoneal cavity. Pretreatment of rats with cysteine also enhanced the IgGa-and anti-rat IgE mediated release of SRS-A in vivo in the rat. These studies indicate a common biochemical mechanism involved in the formation and release of SRS-A from these different tissues and cells and further confirm the observation that the rat mast cell is not a major source of SRS-A in the rat. PMID- 55440 TI - Parital characterization of the rat anti-encephalitogenic protein (RSCP). AB - A protein antigenically similar to the anti-encephalitogenic bovine spinal cord protein (BSCP) was detected in saline extracts of rat nervous tissues by immunodiffusion analyses using a rabbit anti-BSCP serum. Rat SCP (RSCP) appears to be evenly distributed throughout all parts of the rat nervous system and occurs also in the thymus, thyroid, and adrenal glands. Although immunodiffusion analyses indicated that RSCP shares some antigenic sites with BSCP, anti-RSCP sera reacted only with RSCP, indicating that the major immunogenic determinants of the RSCP are peculiar to the rat and differ from the immunogenic determinants of human, monkey, rabbit, guinea pig, or bovine SCP. Immunoelectrophoretic analyses of concentrated pastes of rat brain (RB) or rat spinal cord (RSC) in agar at pH 8.6 revealed that RSCP occurs in two molecular forms having the electrophoretic mobilities of a serum beta-globulin and a serum gamma-globulin, respectively. However, gamma-RSCP is the predominant component of extracts of brain or spinal cord. Gamma-RSCP was isolated from RB and RSC by a procedure which involved: a) extraction with 0.05 M ammonium acetate buffer, pH 4.0; b) batch absorption of impurities on CM-52 cellulose; c) batch absorption of RSCP on SP-Sephadex, pH 3.5; d) elution of RSCP from SP-Sephadex, pH 5.5; and finally, e) gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 superfine. Purified gamma-RSCP formed one band when analyzed by polyacrylamide electrophoresis in acid gels containing 8 M urea. In contrast, two bands were always present when gamma-RSCP from brain or spinal cord were subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis in 15% gels. The larger of the two components of brain gamma-RSCP had a m.w. of 12,400 daltons, whereas the two components of spinal cord gamma-RSCP were smaller. The molecular sizes of brain RSCP and spinal cord RSCP was estimated by gel filtration chromatography to be 12,400 daltons. The amino acid compositions of gamma-RSCP prepared from RB or RSC were similar except that gamma-RSCP from RSC contained twice as much half cystine and a slightly higher proportion of basic amino acid than gamma-RSCP from RB. PMID- 55441 TI - T cell memory for the cytotoxic response to hapten-modified target cells. AB - This study describes the development of memory and cytotoxic murine T cells against syngeneic haptne N equals[N-(3-nitro-4-hydroxy-5-iodophenyl-acetyl)-Beta alanylglycylglycyl] associated antigen. Memory activity in this system had the following characteristics. a) In vitro challenged cells primed in vivo resulted in an augmented cytotoxic response compared to cells primed in vitro. b) The augmented cytotoxic response in vitro was antigen-specific for both target cells in the lytic reaction and stimulator cells in the secondary response. c) Memory activity was long lasting (at least 2 months). d) Memory cells were not cytotoxic. e) Memory activity as well as the cytotoxic cells generated in a secondary response in vitro were T cell dependent, These findings are consistent with the results of others who have investigated T cell dependent memory in other cell-mediated reactions. PMID- 55442 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity and granulomatous response after immunization with protein antigens associated with a mycobacterial glycolipid and oil droplets. AB - A myocardial glycolipid (P3) mixed with protein antigens in oil-in-water emulsion induced lasting delayed hypersensitivity (DH) and granulomatous inflammation after intradermal injection into guinea pigs. This did not occur when P3 and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were given in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. The oil-in water emulsions consisted of microscopic oil droplets suspended in aqueous medium. By separating oil and aqueous phases from BSA + P3 emulsion it was shown that antigen retained with oil droplets led to DH and granuloma formation. The association of antigen with oil droplets was P3 dependent and was quantitated with 125I-labeled BSA. The same phenomenon occurred with 125I-labeled rabbit gamma-globulin (RGG) + P3 emulsion. Fluorescein-conjugated RGG was observed in a particulate state within or on oil droplets in emulsion containing P3. These physical characteristics of antigen + P3 emulsion appeared to be important for immunogenicity. PMID- 55443 TI - Properties of antigen-specific suppressive T cell factor in the regulation of antibody response of the mouse. II. In vitro activity and evidence for the I region gene product. AB - An antigen-specific suppressive T cell factor, which was extracted from carrier primed T cells, was further characterized in an in vitro secondary antibody response. The factor was capable of suppressing secondary IgG antibody response of primed spleen cells when it was added to the culture together with relevant antigen. The suppressive T cell factor was not released from primed T cells by a short-term culture with antigen, but was kept bound to the membrane of the residual cultured cells, only the physical disruption of which can release the T cell factor. The target of the suppressive T cell factor was determined as being the helper T cell, since the factor did not exert any effect in the absence of the helper T cell with identical specificity to that of the factor. The suppressive activity was completely absorbed with alloantisera specific for products of the I region of H-2 complex, although various anti-immunoglobulin antisera failed to do so. Close analysis of the specificity of alloantisera capable of absorbing the suppressor molecule indicated that the suppressive T cell factor may, in fact, be an I region gene product probably coded for by genes in I-A and/or I-B (including I-E) subregions. PMID- 55444 TI - Evidence for more than one Ia antigenic specificity on molecules determined by the I-A subregion of the mouse major histocompatibility complex. AB - Ia antigenic specificities determined by the I-A subregion of the mouse major histocompatibility complex have been examined in strain B10.D2 (H-2d), C57BL/10 (H-2b), and in a (C57BL/6xDBA/2) hybrid (BDF1; H-2b/d). Detergent solubilized, 3H leucine-labeled antigen preparations were mixed with appropriate alloantisera and precipitation was induced either by addition of goat anti-mouse gamma-globulin or by addition of protein A-bearing Staphylococci. Sequential precipitation analysis showed that in strain B10.D2, Ia specificities 8 and 11 were co-precipitable, and that in strain C57BL/10, Ia specificities 8 and 9 were co-precipitable. In contrast, precipitation of specificities 9 and 11 from a BDF1 antigen preparation showed that these two Ia specificities were on separate molecules. The genetic implications of these data are discussed. PMID- 55445 TI - Isolation of stable and unstable ("suppressed") Beta2-microglobulin-deficient clones from a lymphoid cell line. AB - After selection with anti-Beta2m and C against a human lymphoid line, about 10% of surviving clones manifested decreased cytotoxic sensitivity to anti Beta2m("suppression") which gradually reverted to normal after 35 to 55 cell doublings. Antiserum alone induced suppression. Exposure of suppressed clones to DMSO substantially reversed suppression. One clone, surviving selection, had a stable decrease in anti-Beta2m sensitivity; it possibly represents a Beta2m mutation. PMID- 55447 TI - Evaluation of retropubic approach in prostatic surgery. PMID- 55446 TI - Analysis of cell-surface markers with staphylococcal protein A: fluorescence studies on mammalian lymphoid determinants. AB - Membrane antigens including different classes of immunoglobulins, transplantation antigens, beta2-microglobulin, T lymphocyte specific antigens, and virally determined surface components were investigated using fluorescein-labeled Staphylococcal protein A in combination with cytofluorometric studies. Lymphocytes of seven species: mouse, rat, guinea pig, pig, cow, monkey, and human, and of ten human lymphoma-derived lines were tested. Analysis of the differential expression of surface markers revealed a reproducible reaction of protein A with cell-surface Fc of IgG actively produced by lymphoid cells from human, monkey, guinea pig, and pig, and with passively attached IgG molecules in the form of antibodies, directed against cell surface antigens of all lymphoid cells tested. No surface Ig was detected on so-called T lymphocytes. The distribution of cell-bound Ig density among surface Ig-positive cells was found to be different depending upon the origin of the cells with regard to lymphoid organ; it was parallel among the lymphoma lines tested and on peripheral blood cells from human, monkey, and pig, although large variations in fluorescence intensity among individual cells and among the different lines were recorded. Beta2-microglobulin determinants were found equally well on enriched human T and B cells. Transplantation, and T lymphocyte-specific antigens were detected on the majority of the lymphoid cells and on a restricted population respectively. PMID- 55448 TI - The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of primary tumours of the frontal sinuses. AB - Three cases of primary frontal sinus carcinoma are described, all three in males. Radiotherapy for these tumours can be applied either combined with surgical treatment pre, or postoperatively using supervoltage radiation, or by itself. If applied alone, it may either be a palliative measure in inoperable cases, or a curative measure in radiosensitive tumours. PMID- 55449 TI - Immunochemical analysis of water-soluble antigens of chick retina in the course of embryogenesis. AB - Water-soluble antigens of chick retina were investigated using rabbit antisera to total extract and to individual electrophoretic fractions of retinal extract by methods of immunoelectrophoresis and Ouchterlony precipitation test. In the retina of the adult chick six serum and eleven tissue antigens were demonstrated. The tissue antigens of the retina comprised one organ-specific antigen and ten inter-organ antigens which were characterized by nonuniform distribution in tissues and organs of adult chick. Three antigens out of these were found only in tissues of the eye (retina, iris) and in the brain--inter-organ antigens of 'narrow' specificity. The ohter seven inter-organ antigens were found in tissues of brain and eye, as well as in various tissues and organs of hens--inter-organ antigens of 'broad' specificity. A high degree of antigen similarity between retina and iris was observed. Anti-retina sera in chick lens could detect only inter-organ antigens of 'broad' specificity. In the course of embryogenesis the first to appear in the developing retina were inter-organ antigens of 'broad' specificity (on 3rd day of incubation). Formation of antigens of this group was completed by the 9th day of incubation. On the contrary, inter-organ antigens of 'narrow' specificity appeared later, in the period of histogenesis of retina (from 5 to 18 days of incubation). The organ-specific antigen of retina was found by 7th day of incubation. One of the inter-organ retinal antigens of'narrow' specificity (retina-iris-brain) appeared in the developing chick brain at the same time as in retina--on 10th-11th day of incubation. Using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique this antigen was identified in the cytoplasm of retinal cells and brain neurones, but was not detected in the nerve fibres. PMID- 55450 TI - Immunochemical characterization of the "native" type III polysaccharide of group B Streptococcus. AB - The type III polysaccharide of -roup B Streptococcus has been isolated and purified by a method that employs washing of intact cells at neutral pH. That the polysaccharide prepared by this procedure is the "native" type III antigen is suggested by its molecular size in excess of 10(6) daltons, its degradation by acid and heat treatment to a fragment with immunologic characteristics of the classical HCl antigen, and its type-specific serologic activity. The type III polysaccharide in native form contains sialic acid, galactose, glucose, glucosamine, heptose, and mannose. It is acidic in nature, is resistant to neuramindiase degradation, contains no O-acetyl groups, and does not share antigenic determinants with capsular type K1 antigen of Escherichia coli or Group B polysaccharide antigen of Neiserria meningitidis. PMID- 55451 TI - Detection of alloantigens during preimplantation development and early trophoblast differentiation in the mouse by immunoperoxidase labeling. AB - An immunoperoxidase-labeling technique allowing visualization of antibody binding to the cell surface at the electron microscopical level has been employed an an analysis of H-2 and non-H-2 alloantigen expression on the early mouse embryo. The presence of non-H-2 antigenic determinants has been confirmed on eight-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages of development. Contrary to previous reports, however, low levels of H-2 antigen have also been detected on the blastocyst. This is the earliest stage at which H-2 has been shown to be expressed on the fertilized mouse egg and may reflect the greater resolution of the immunoperoxidase technique. Using two different models to study the critical peri implantation stages, those of experimentally induced blastocyst activation and blastocyst outgrowth in vitro, it has been demonstrated that antigen loss occurs on the trophectoderm at the time of implantation, and that this is not necessarily dependent upon maternal influence. It is suggested that the loss may be an important factor in the prevention of maternal immune rejection during the establishment of the fetal allograft. The two major components of the early postimplantation conceptus display a striking differential in antigenic status. The embryonic sac shows a high degree of peroxidase labeling, while the ectoplacental cone trophoblast is unlabeled. These findings add support to the concept of antigenic neutrality of the early trophoblast and its role in the maintenance of a normal fetomaternal immunological equilibrium. PMID- 55452 TI - Immunochemical studies on blood groups LXII. Fractionation of hog and human A, H, and AH blood group active substance on insoluble immunoadsorbents of Dolichos and Lotus lectins. AB - The purified lectins from Lotus tetragonolobus and Dolichos biflorus were coupled to Sepharose 2B to make insoluble adsorbents for purification and fractionation of blood group A and H active glycoproteins. With both adsorbents, hog gastric mucin A + H blood substance (HGM), purified by phenol-ethanol precipitation, yielded fractions showing only A, only H, or AH activities. The AH fraction was obtained when the adsorbent column was overloaded with HGM and its A and H specificities seem to be carried on the same molecules since they were not separable by chromatography on either column. However A and H specificities of blood group substance from the stomach of a presumably heterozygous individual hog were both on the same molecules as they too could not be fractionated on either column. Analytical properties of the isolated fractions were generally similar to those of the unfractionated material, the purfied A substances had a higher galactosamine/fucose ratio than did the H substances. Although the original A + H showed very little specific optical rotation, the separated A and H substances rotated positively and negatively, respectively. The lectin Sepharose adsorbents have also proven useful in isolating A or H substances directly from the crude commercial hog gastric mucin. Blood group A2 substance from a human ovarian cyst yielded two fractions on the Lotus-Sepharose column; the effluent did not interact with the Lotus lectin but precipitated the Ulex and Dolichos lectins and anti-A, and appears to contain type 1 H determinants. The other fraction reacted with Lotus and Ulex lectin as well as with Dolichos and anti-A. PMID- 55453 TI - Specific adsorption of IgM antibody onto H-2-activated mouse T lymphocytes. AB - Evidence is presented to support the contention that IgM demonstrable by surface immunofluorescent staining on H-2-activated T cells represents specifically adsorbed B-cell-derived alloantibody. T cells activated to H-2 determinants expressed surface IgM only when the progenitor cell populations contained B lymphocytes. IgM was not detected on T cells activated to determinants which fail to stimulate alloantibody production (e.g., M-locus determinants). In addition, IgM-negative H-2 activated T cells (derived from B-cell-depleted lymphoid cells), unlike M-locus-activated T cells, adsorbed IgM in a specific manner when incubated in vitro with "early bleed" antisera raised against the activating H-2 determinants. PMID- 55454 TI - A single genetic element in H-2K affects mouse T-cell antiviral function in poxvirus infection. AB - Cell transfer experiments using mice with recombinant H-2 haplotypes were used to map the H-2 regions which must be shared by ectromelia-immune T-cell donors and virus-infected recipients for transfer of virus clearance mechanisms in the spleen. K- or D-region genes were necessary and sufficient; I-region genes were not involved. The remainder of the mouse genome could be varied widely without impairing the efficacy of T-cell antiviral function, provided either a K or a D region was shared in the donor-receipient combination. A mutation in a single genetic element of the K region of the H-2 complex abolished the antiviral effect of immune T-cell transfer in a donor-recipient combination which shared the K end. PMID- 55455 TI - Modification of murine T-cell cytotoxicity by preimmunization with M locus and H 2 incompatibilities. AB - The effect of preimmunization of CBA/H mice with M locus and H-2 incompatible lymphocytes was examined on the in vitro generation of cytotoxic cells to both types of targets. Preimmunization with M locus did not help to generate cytotoxic cells to M-locus targets; however, the anti-H-2 cytotoxicity of M-locus preimmunized lymphocytes was suppressed between the 6th and 19th day after preimmunization. In contrast, preimmunization with H-2 incompatibility produced an amplified lytic anti-H-2 response. The possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 55456 TI - Synthesis and secretion of alpha2-macroglobulin by cultured human fibroblasts. AB - The following observations indicate that cultured human WI-38 fibroblasts synthesize and secrete alpha2-macroglobulin into serum-free medium: (a) after incubation of cultures with [35S]L-methionine, a labeled protein appeared in the medium which was precipitated by antiserum directed against alpha2-macroglobulin; (b) after incubation of cultures with [35S]L-methionine, a major band of radioactivity detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins in medium co-migrated with alpha2-macroglobulin; and (c) the amount of alpha2 macroblobulin in the medium, estimated both functionally and immunologically, increased with time in normal but not not puromycin-treated cultures. PMID- 55458 TI - Antigen-induced aggregation and modulation of receptors on hapten-specific B lymphocytes. AB - Mouse spleen cells were subjected to a fractionation procedure designed to enrich for 4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitro-phenylacetyl (NIP)- or DNP-specific B lymphocytes, which depended on adherence of specific cells to a layer of hapten-gelatin at 4 degrees C, recovery of bound cells by melting, and digestion of adherent antigen by collagenase. A population of cells resulted which contained 90% typical B cells and 37% of cells capable of binding a fluorescent, haptenated polymeric protein. Fractionated cells were reacted in vitro with fluorescent conjugates of the specific haptens with polymerized flagellin [NIP-polymerized flagellin (POL) tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate conjugate or DNP-POL-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate] under a variety of conditions, with the aim of investigating the behavior of Ig receptors on B lymphocytes after exposure to antigen; Experiments were performed with immunogenic and tolerogenic concentrations of antigen. Furthermore, four experimental designs were used, namely: (a) brief labeling with fluorescent antigen followed by culture without antigen (pulse design); (b) culture in the continuous presence of fluorescent antigen (continuous-labeling design); (c) culture in the continuous presence of nonlabeled antigen followed by labeling of unoccupied receptors by fluorescent antigen (receptor status design); and (d) culture with nonlabeled antigen for 2 h followed by incubation without further antigen for 20 h and labeling with fluorescent antigen (modulation design). Further insight into receptor occupancy and distribution was gained by the use of fluorescent antihapten and antiglobulin reagents. It was found that both immunogenic and tolerogenic antigen concentrations caused rapid patching and capping of the receptors to which they attached, followed by endocytosis and probably some shedding of Ig receptors. However, a proportion of cells continued to bear some cell surface antigen for 24 h. The immunogenic antigen concentration failed to completely remove the receptor coat from the cell surface. At all stages of immunogenesis, plentiful unoccupied receptors could be demonstrated. The tolerogenic concentration nearly saturated available receptors, and in its continuous presence, only few unoccupied or antigen-occupied surface receptors could be detected after 24 h of culture. Experiments of the modulation design showed that brief incubation with the tolerogenic concentration appeared to suppress receptor resynthesis, as few new receptors could be demonstrated after 20 h of further culture without antigen. Experiments were performed to determine whether fractionated cells prepared from spleens of 8-day-old mice showed an unusual tendency for modulation, even with immunogenic antigen concentrations. They were found to behave essentially like adult fractionated cells. The results are discussed in the framework of current theories of B-lymphocyte activation and tolerization. PMID- 55457 TI - Modulation of regulatory mechanisms operative in the cyclical production of antibody. AB - Modulation of the cyclical response in rabbits to aggregated human gamma globulin (AHuIgG) was investigated in order to study some of the parameters involved in self-regulation of the immune response. Several mitogens (lipopolysaccharide [LPS], phytohemagglutinin [PHA], and concanavalin A [Con A]), when injected simultaneously with antigen, have been shown to modulate the normal splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in rabbits to a single intravenous injection of AHuIgG. This response to AHuIgG has previously been characterized by the initial appearance of PFC in the spleen 3 days later, with a peak of PFC at 5 days after injection. The number of PFC in the spleen then decreases and remains at a low level until a second increase begins on day 10, peaking on day 13. The 8 day cycle between peak PFC repeats, with a third peak appearing on day 21. In the present studies, injection of LPS with AHuIgG was shown to affect the PFC response by enhancing only the initial peak of PFC, PHA was shown to enhance both the initial and secondary peaks of PFC, while injection of Con A with AHuIgG resulted in a prolonged increase in PFC with no apparent cycling. Irradiation 24 h after injection of antigen resulted in PFC kinetics similar to those observed with PHA, although the increase in PFC was more marked with irradiation. Thus, although LPS, PHA, Con A, and irradiation markedly affected the immune response to AHuIgG, Con A was the only substance which altered the cyclical appearance of PFC to HuIgG. The cyclical nature of the PFC kinetics was shown to occur with either intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of antigen and in both primary and secondary responses, provided that the rabbits were primed with a low dose of antigen. Data were obtained that suggest that the response in distal lymph nodes may be regulated by immunological events occurring in the spleen. Cycling of PFC was not observed in the draining node after subcutaneous injection of AHuIgG in the hind foot. However, if the antigen was also injected intravenously at the same time as the subcutaneous injection, the response in the node became cyclical. PMID- 55460 TI - Effect of recent antigen priming on adoptive immune responses. III. Antigen induced selective recruitment of subsets of recirculating lymphocytes reactive to H-2 determinants. AB - Information was sought on the reactivity of thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) from parental strain mice injected intravenously with large numbers of irradiated semiallogeneic spleen cells. TDL collected at 1 day after spleen cell injection were almost totally depleted of lymphocytes able to produce cell-mediated lympholysis (CML), a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, and skin allograft rejection against the H-2 determinants on the injected spleen cells. Normal or near normal responses were observed against third-party determinants. In the case of CML, there was no evidence that the unresponsiveness was due to suppressor cells. In marked contrast, the capacity of TDL to exert a specific mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) against the injected determinants was reduced by no more than two to fourfold; this applied whether MLR were measured in vivo or in vitro. Injection of normal rather than irradiated semiallogeneic spleen cells gave similar results. Complete and specific removal of MLR-producing lymphocytes was achieved, however, in a different system in which parental strain T cells were filtered from blood to lymph through irradiated F1 hybrid mice. Since this system presumably provided a much higher concentration of H-2 determinants to the responding lymphocytes, it is suggested that the differing results obtained with these two systems may indicate that certain cells reactive to H-2 determinants are of low affinity, their reactivity being detected in the MLR, but not by other parameters. With both systems, MLR-producing lymphocytes reappeared in the lymph after 2-3 days; the cells collected at this stage gave an MLR of altered kinetics. The present data, in toto, suggest that under certain conditions of antigen presentation, virtually all recirculating lymphocytes reactive to a given set of H-2 determinants can be induced to leave the circulation for a period of 1 2 days. After responding to the injected determinants (presumably in organs such as the spleen), the cells re-enter the circulation in an activated state after 2 3 days. PMID- 55459 TI - Structural characteristics of the alloantigens determined by the major histocompatibility complex of the guinea pig. AB - The GPLA B and Ia (I region-associated) antigens are the products of genes found in the guinea pig major histocompatibility complex. Because of their importance in immune response phenomena, a structural study of these antigens was undertaken. [3H]leucine and [3H]fucose were internally incorporated into guinea pig lymph node cells. The GPLA B and Ia antigens were solubilized by the nonionic detergent Nonidet P-40, purified by affinity chromatography using an adsorbent column of lentil lectin, isolated by immunoprecipitation, and examined by discontinuous polyacrylamide-sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The GPLA antigens B.1, B.2, B.3, and B.4, were shown to be glycoproteins of mol wt 40,000 daltons and to be noncovalently associated with a 12,000 dalton protein. The molecules bearing B.2 and B.3 in a B.2/B.3 heterozygote are shown to be separable, suggesting the antigenic determinant is a primary gene product. In addition, a new GPLA determinant, S, which resembles the B antigen in that it is found on a molecule of approximately 40,000 daltons, was studied. In a B.2/B.3 S+ animal the molecule bearing antigen S was shown to be independent of those bearing B.2 and B.3, providing evidence that the genes determining B and S are at separate loci. The Ia-bearing molecules identified by anti-Ia.2,4 are glycoproteins of mol wt 58,000 daltons which are composed of two subunits of 33,000 and 25,000 daltons, respectively, linked by disulfide bonds. The Ia bearing molecules are independent of GPLA-bearing molecules, indicating different loci determining these antigens. By all criteria, the guinea pig GPLA B antigens appear homologous to the murine H-2D and H-2K antigens, while the guinea pig Ia antigens appear homologous to the Ia antigens of the mouse. PMID- 55461 TI - Specific binding of alloantigens to T cells activated in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - Immunoglobulin (Ig) is present on a large fraction of T cells from unfractionated lymphocytes activated by in vitro stimulation with H-2-incompatible cells (mixed lymphocyte reaction [MLR]). Removal of bursa equivalent-derived (B) cells from the responder cell population before mixed culture, by filtration through nylon wool columns, reduces the percentage of Ig-bearing responder T blasts to background levels. Thus, Ig on the T blast is probably of B cell origin. A large fraction of T blasts activated against the stimulator cells. This staining occurs with "early" and hyperimmune alloantisera, including the 7S fraction of the latter. B-depleted responder cells were activated against a mixture of two different stimulator cells and the resulting T blasts stained with different concentrations of sera directed either against one or both stimulator cells. We obtained results which strongly suggest that most or all responder T blasts stain with only one antistimulator serum. When antisera directed against different segments of the H-2 complex of the stimulator cells were used, it seemed that most responder T cells only bound antibody directed against a single segment. We propose that T cells activated in MLR carry stimulator alloantigens on their surface, and that this is due to specific antigen binding, not requiring the presence of B-cell-derived antibody. These histocompatibility antigen-binding T blasts can be detected by appropriate antistimulator alloantibodies. PMID- 55463 TI - Trisomy 22. PMID- 55462 TI - Sheep red blood cell-specific helper activity in rat thoracic duct lymphocyte populations positively selected for reactivity to specific strong histocompatibility alloantigens. AB - These studies show that positively selected T-cell populations, having enriched reactivity in the mixed lymphocyte interaction and the graft-versus-host reaction to strong alloantigens of a chosen major histocompatibility complex haplotype, also possess helper activity which is quantitatively normal in the generation of primary antibody responses to sheep red blood cells in vitro. Such positively selected populations give a linear dose plaque-forming cells response curve indistinguishable from that seen with normal unselected T-cell populations. These findings imply that T cells reactive to histocompatibility antigens also react to conventional antigens, and the possibility is raised that they may do so by some recognition mechanism involving multiple specificities. PMID- 55464 TI - [Pericentric inversions and reproductive loss]. PMID- 55465 TI - Isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis of cerebrospinal fluid proteins in muscular dystrophies and spinal muscular atrophies. AB - In the very few previous investigations of the CSF-proteins in muscular dystrophies the results have generally been reported as normal. In spinal muscular atrophies a barrier-damage pattern of CSF-proteins has been found in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In the present investigation the CSF proteins were examined by isoelectric focusing and quantitative paper electrophoresis in 13 patients with muscular dystrophies and in 11 patients with spinal muscular atrophies. On isoelectric focusing, CSF-protein abnormalities were found in 85% of the cases with muscular dystrophies and in all patients with spinal muscular atrophies. Differences in the CSF-protein patterns were observed within the group of muscular dystrophies and between these and the cases of spinal muscular atrophies. In ALS and in myotonic dystrophy, abnormal CSF-protein fractions occurred mainly in the alkaline pH-range, while in limb-girdle dystrophy and the patient with facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, aberrant fractions appeared mainly in the acidic region. CSF-protein abnormalities were found in both the alkaline fractions (HAFs) with pI 9.2-9.6 and a fraction with PI 7.1 were found in half of the patients with myotonic dystrophy. The CSF electrophoresis in myotonic dystrophy showed increased levels of beta1-globulin in all cases examined. Signs of barrier-damage were commonly encountered in ALS in contrast to the muscular dystrophies, except for myotonic dystrophy. The results are discussed in terms of possible diagnostic value and with regard to pathogenetic significance, particularly in relation to the current hypothesis of a neural involvement in muscular disorders. PMID- 55466 TI - Clinical observations of juvenile nonprogressive muscular atrophy localized in hand and forearm. AB - Twenty-seven patients with juvenile nonprogressive muscular atrophy localized in the hand and forearm were analyzed. The clinical characteristics were juvenile male occurrence, insidious onset, specific distribution of localized muscular atrophy and a stationary course. On electromyography, denervation voltage (or giant NMU) is found in the atrophied muscles and sometimes in contralateral nonatrophied ones. Sensory disturbance was not remarkable. Although the etiological factor was not known, strenuous exercise of arms in sports was noted frequently in the history. PMID- 55467 TI - Dynamic aspects of peripheral nerve changes in progressive neural muscular atrophy: light- and electronmicroscopic studies of serial nerve biopsies. AB - Serial nerve biopsies were performed at an early, and at an advanced stage of the disease in 2 patients with progressive neural muscular atrophy. The early biopsy showed a complete loss of the large diameter and thickly myelinated fibres, as well as an expansion of the endoneurial interstitium in both cases. Myelinated and unmyelinated fibres exhibited axonal degeneration in all biopsies occasionally. "Onion bulb" formation, a typical feature of peripheral neuropathy in neural muscular atrophy, was found to be prominent only in the latter biopsies. As regards the formal pathogenesis of hypertrophic neuropathy in neural muscular atrophy, axonal dystrophy and interstitial changes of the endoneurium were regarded as primary phenomena, demyelination and "onion bulb" formation as secondary. A possible causal relation between axonal dystrophy and interstitial changes, observed in these cases, is discussed in the light of the present literature. PMID- 55469 TI - Biochemical findings in multiple sclerosis. II. A detailed study of the serum IgA, IgG and IgM levels of 772 MS patients compared with 226 neurological controls. AB - In the second paper of this series, a detailed study of the three main serum immunoglobulins for a group of 772 MS patients is compared with a group of 226 neurological controls. The results are studied according to sex and different age groups. Except for a slight elevation of the IGM levels in the MS group, especially between 40 and 60 years, no clear cut distinction between the two groups of patients was found. PMID- 55468 TI - Histochemistry and electron microscopy of muscle fibres in a case of congenital paramyotonia. AB - In a case of congenital paramyotonia a muscle biopsy was performed and studied morphologically, histochemically and ultrastructurally. A clearcut pattern of changes has been observed with ATPase and oxidative enzymes. On electron microscopy special changes known as "tubular aggregates" were found. The relationship between the two findings, as well as the significance of such alterations in the range of periodic paralyses and myotonic phenomena, are discussed. PMID- 55470 TI - [Intracranial and spinal hemorrhage in haemophilia (author's transl)]. AB - Among 234 hemophiliacs, 14 patients (5.9%) with intracranial and 1 patient (0.4%) with intramedullary hemorrhage were observed and examined. The average age at the time of hemorrhage was 17 years in patients with severe hemophilia and 43 years in patients with moderate hemophilia. The patients with mild hemophilia and intracranial bleeding were 5 and 58 years old, respectively. Eight intracerebral, 3 subdural and 4 subarachnoid hemorrhages were encountered. In 7 cases bleeding was posttraumatic and in 5 it occurred spontaneously. In 2 patients hemorrhage followed a sudden increase of intracranial pressure. In 1 patient reliable data could not be obtained. Four of the 8 patients with intracerebral bleeding died; all survivors displayed some residual neurological abnormalities. All patients suffering from subarachnoid bleeding recovered completely. No serious complications were encountered after 3 lumbar punctures, 5 cerebral angiographies and after 1 myelography. Only in 1 case with an acquired inhibitor did a local hematoma develop at the site of puncture for the angiography. The same diagnostic procedures should be performed after substitution therapy with anti-hemophiliac plasma in a hemophiliac without inhibitor as in non-hemophiliacs if intracranial or intramedullar bleeding is suspected. In hemophiliacs with an anticoagulant, angiography or lumbar puncture should be performed only in exceptional cases. PMID- 55471 TI - Evaluation of results of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. AB - The results of thymectomy carried out in 150 cases of myasthenia gravis are discussed. In a group of 123 cases followed for 1 to 5 years after the operation, full remission was observed in 24.4% of cases, significant improvement in 36.6%, slight improvement in 24.4% and no improvement in 8.1%, while deterioration occurred in 1.6% of patients. No correlation was found between the result of the operation and the age and sex of patients, but better results were achieved in those treated surgically rather soon after the onset of symptoms. This correlation was particularly evident in the group with full remissions. The results obtained in the cases without thymic tumors were better than in the cases with tumors. No correlation was noted between the results of the operation and the histological characteristics of the thymus in the group with thymic hyperplasia and in the group with thymic atrophy. The surgically treated group (150 cases), compared with the conservatively treated group (75 cases), showed the superiority of the surgical method (lower rate of death and deterioration, higher rate of improvement and remission). In discussing the indications for surgical treatment the authors emphasize that advances in anaesthesiology in recent years have reduced the risk of operation. It is suggested that the indications for surgical treatment should be expanded and operations should be performed as early as possible after the onset of clinical manifestations without regard to the age and sex of the patient. Operation should not be considered in cases belonging to group 1, 2a (sometimes 2b) only, with duration of the disease over 8-10 years and with little or no progression of the process, if the presence of a thymic tumor has been excluded. PMID- 55472 TI - Investigations on the mechanism of nocturnal epilepsy. AB - Sixty polygraphic all-night sleep tracings were obtained, including 40 from 20 patients with epileptic attacks occurring during sleep (during treatment with anticonvulsants and after their withdrawal), and 10 tracings in each of two groups serving as controls: a group of patients with seizures occurring in the waking state and a group of healthy controls. A significant difference was observed in the sleep pattern of the patients with nocturnal attacks (who were good sleepers and received no anticonvulsants) and healthy controls. These patients had a significantly higher proportion of III + IV stages of the slow wave sleep phase. Besides that, in all epileptics disruption and lability of the REM phase was observed, without a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of its duration during the whole sleep. Clinical seizures developed usually in the SW phase but one seizure occurred during the REM phase. The effects of anticonvulsants on sleep EEG tracings require further investigation. A significant difference was observed in the morphology and dynamics of EEG changes in both groups of epileptics. The patients with nocturnal attacks had much more frequently normal tracings in the waking state. During sleep focal changes were often found. Seizure activity of the spike-wave type was less frequent than in patients with waking attacks and the dynamics of this activity were different. It seems possible that the pathways of spread of epileptic discharges are different in these two groups of epileptics. PMID- 55473 TI - [An intracranial epidermoid caused by trauma (author's transl)]. AB - A report of an epidermoid caused by trauma. The traumatic genesis was conclusively demonstrated in the course of an almost uninterrupted 28-year observation. The differential diagnostic difficulties and the consequences following therefrom are emphasized. PMID- 55474 TI - Choline acetyltransferase activity in human muscular diseases. PMID- 55475 TI - Lanthanum staining of cell surface and junctional complexes in normal and malignant human oral mucosa. AB - Biopsies from normal and malignant human oral epithelium were studied electron histochemically using lanthanum nitrate for a selective demonstration of junctional complexes at the plasma membrane of adjacent cells. The heavy metal complex was found to settle irregularly, sometimes in intimate proximity to the epithelial cell, in areas corresponding to the glycocalyx, gap junctions, desmosomes and nonspecific contact areas. Tight junctions were rarely seen. The lack of these morphological adhesive areas, the desosomal detachment seen between cancer cells and the increased lanthanum-positive cell surface may be possible factors responsible for the dissociation of oral malignant cells. PMID- 55476 TI - The immunohistochemical identification of hormone-producing cells in formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded human pituitary tissue. AB - A method is described, combining immunohistochemistry and histological staining methods in the same section, for the identification of ACTH- and STH-producing cells in formalin-fixed, routine processed human pituitary tissue. The results indicate that this method is suitable to employ in practice. PMID- 55477 TI - A quantitative morphological study of the carotid bodies of rats living at a simulated altitude of 4300 metres. AB - A quantitative histological study was carried out on the carotid bodies of 10 normal rats and 10 rats living in a hypobaric chamber at a pressure of 460 mm Hg from 25 to 96 days. In the chronically hypoxic rats there was a four-fold increase in the mean combined volume of the carotid bodies. Morphometric analysis disclosed a three-fold increase in the mean volume of specialised glomic cells and a ten-fold increase in the mean volume of capillaries, although the proportion of glomic cells was actually significantly decreased. In all our hypoxic rats there was evidence of both right and left ventricular hypertrophy. However, there was no linear relation between total carotid body volume or volume of glomic cells on one hand and the right and left ventricular weight, on the other hand. Although there was no linear relation between combined total carotid body volume and duration of hypoxia, the linear relation between glomic cell volume and duration of hypoxia was significant at the 5 per cent. level. The increase in vascularity of the hypoxic carotid body may be a mechanism to increase blood flow and thus oxygen transport to a hypoxic organ with increased metabolic activity. Small quantities of an amorphous hyaline material of unknown nature were found in relation to capillaries and type I cells in all the hypoxic rats. PMID- 55478 TI - The demonstration and automatic quantitation of mast cells by image analyzing computer. PMID- 55479 TI - Proceedings: Histamine-releasing activity of soft hemp and flax dusts. PMID- 55480 TI - Retention and redistribution of proteins in mammalian nerve fibres by axoplasmic transport. AB - Fast axoplasmic transport is characterized by a crest of labelled activity moving down nerve fibres after injection of the L7 dorsal root ganglion with the amino acid precursor (3H) leucine, the crest followed by a plateau which represents in part a later egress of labelled components from compartments in the cell bodies and in part materials left behind the advancing crest. 2. after making ligations just below the ganglia at different times after injection of the precursor, a small downward slope of locally retained activity of incorporated materials is seen in the plateau remaining in the nerves. The slope becomes changed to a horizontal level when in addition a distal ligation is made as a result of the redistribution of labelled materials within the doubly ligated nerve segments. 3. the outlfow pattern at later times, at a day and longer after injection, shows an additional spread of activity from the cell body region. The pattern of outflow gradually levels off at later times as additions of activity are made to the more distal part of the nerves. The activity retained in the nerves becomes less free to become redistributed in the course of several days. 4. The temporal changes in the outflow patterns can be accounted for by the local retention and redistribution of the labelled materials within the fibres. Later additions of labelled materials compartmented in the cell bodies also contribute to the later pattern of outflow. A "unitary" view for fast and slow transport is presented based on the transport filament hypothesis earlier proposed to account for fast axoplasmic transport. PMID- 55481 TI - Proceedings: A method for demonstrating the topographical relationship between monoamine-containing terminals and intracellularly stained neurones. PMID- 55482 TI - Prosthetic support for unilateral facial paralysis. AB - Removable prostheses were used to determine that esthetics and speech could be improved for patients with permanent unilateral facial paralysis. Esthetics had to be compromised somewhat to obtain the maximum benefit for intelligible speech. This procedure can be beneficial in helping patients who are high surgical risks or for whom surgery, for various reasons, is unacceptable. PMID- 55483 TI - Application of "cusp writer" findings to practical and theoretical occlusal problems. Part I. AB - The cusp writer is a teaching aid used to facilitate understanding of the correlation between cusp angulation and the various occlusal determinants. Cusp writings represent an on-edge view of mandibular movement occurring in translation and rotation. Cusp writings demonstrate that: (1) the influence of incisal guidance on cusp angulation is almost 60 per cent greater in molars and 100 per cent greater in pre-molars than the influence of the condylar guidance; (2) steepening or flattening by wear, grinding, or reconstructing the lingual contour of the upper canine or other incisal guide teeth by as little as 1 mm. can change the incisal guide angulation from 15 to 25 degrees depending upon the vertical overlap; (3) these changes can create interceptive or deflective occlusal contacts with trauma and pain on the balancing side in the molar and temporomandibular joint areas; and (4) the incisal guidance of denture teeth is inevitably altered when teeth are tilted, uprighted, or turned for esthetics or phonetics. Such changes alter the occlusal function, harmony, and stability of the dentures. PMID- 55484 TI - Pain, learning and memory. PMID- 55485 TI - Intensive hypno-autohypnosis in resistant psychosomatic disorders. PMID- 55486 TI - [Transhepatic embolization of oesophageal varices (author's transl)]. AB - Embolization of the aeso-cardiotuberositary varices, by selective catheterization of the coronary vein of the stomach and the posterior gastrics, seems to be valuable palliative treatment in portal hypertension, owing to its relative innocuousness, inspite of a certain number of failures. It is carried out by transhepatic puncture of the portal system or catheterization of the umbilical vein. PMID- 55487 TI - 3H-thymidine autoradiography of the CSF cells in cases of non-neoplastic disease. AB - Human CSF cells in cases of non-neoplastic disease of the central nervous system (CNS) were examined in vitro by 3H-thymidine autoradiography. Immediately after withdrawl by lumbar or ventricular puncture, the CSF was incubated in a sedimentation chamber at 37 degrees C for 1 hr with an admixture of 3H-thymidine at a concentration of 1-2 muCi/ml CSF. In a few cases the CSF withdrawn was incubated in a glass tube in the same condition as in a sedimentation chamber, and the CSF cells were collected by centrifugation. The CSF cells collected were fixed in methanol and the microautoradiographic procedure was performed. Labeled CSF cells were found in 21 cases out of 22. The average labeling index of the total nucleated cells was 0.22% with the highest labeling of 0.74%. Almost all the labeled cells were thought to be medium to large sized lymphocytes and monocytoids. Peripheral blood was examined by a similar method and the results were compared with those of the CSF. It may be noteworthy that thre exist DNA synthesizing cells in the CSF even in a non-neoplastic state of the CNS, although the number is not large. PMID- 55488 TI - [Anomalies of the pattern of lumbosacral nerve roots and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty personal observations and 18 cases collected from the literature are analysed. The most frequently encountered anomaly were: common dural origin of 2 nerve roots and common exit of 2 nerve roots through the intervertebral foramen. Other anomalies comprised: interradicular connections and Y-shaped or horizontla course of the nerve root. Multiple anomalies were not encountered. In 9 out of 20 patients in the own series and in 6 out of 18 patients reported in the literature, history and clinical findings suggested prolapsed intervertebral disc, operation revealed only nerve root anomalies. Decompression produced improvement or complete relieve of previously existing signs and plain X-rays is not possible. The diagnosis is based on myelographic findings. The pathogenesis of the anomalies is discussed. It is suggested that they should not be considered as a causative factor of low back pain or sciatica. PMID- 55489 TI - [The macrophage electrophoretic mobility LAD test--a diagnostic method for multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - With the MEM test (Field) one can establish a cellular immune reaction becarus the sensitized lymphocytes release the macrophage slowing factor (MSF) upon interaction with the appropriate antigen. A macrophage migration inhibition was detected in some neurological diseases with destruction of the parenchyma. The modification MEM-LAD (linoleic acid depression) test made further differentiation possible in the 146 neurological patients and normals. The reduction of macrophage mobility inhibition was 94.7 + 4.7% in multiple sclerosis (MS) cases as compared with that of normals of 55.1 + 3.7% and of other neurological diseases of 47.8 + 7.1%. There were no significant differences due to the course and duration of the disease or to immunosuppressive therapy. The pathogenically important results in relatives of MS patients with values between the MS and normal group (78.5 + 0.7%) in mothers suggested a familial (genetic) disposition. The same value was found in a monozygotic twin of an MS patient. The results in the children studied showed that besides the endogenic metabolic component the aetiopathogenically important exogenic factors can operate early in life. In correlation with the principle of the MEM-LAD test the suppressive action of linoleic acid can result in a further therapeutic concept. PMID- 55490 TI - Electromyographic findings in the so-called non-progressive myopathies. AB - Electrophysiological findings in 40 cases of non-progressive myopathies are reported, and compared with a group of 20 cases of Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy and a control group. In all cases the electrophysiological changes were of the mild s. c. myogenic type. The involvement of proximal and distal muscles was equal without prevalence in proximal muscles as is typical for Duchenne's dystrophy. EMG reexaminations showed a slight progression of the diseases. A peculiar feature of myotubular myopathy was spontaneous activity (fibrillation) in 70% of muscles. A myogenic character of the process of congenital deficiency of muscle innervation with preserved number of motor units is suggested. PMID- 55491 TI - Neuropsychiatric symptomatology with chronic renal insufficiency in the stage of compensated and decompensated retention. I. CNS disturbances. AB - 80 strictly selected patients with chronic renal insufficiency with plasma creatinine values of 1.4--14.5 mg% were examined according to a fixed scheme to determine the presence of symptoms and signs of renal encephalopathy. The general cerebral symptoms complained of were headache in 33.4% of the patient material, dizziness in 30.3%, easy fatigability in 62.5%, giddiness in 18.8% and insomnia in 37.5%. The most prominent neurological findings were hyperactive deep reflexes in 30% and action tremor in 23.8%. The symptoms of organic brain syndrome were impairment of memory in 32.5%, weakness of concentration in 28.8% and lability of affect in 63.7%. Diffuse EEG abnormalities were found in 26.2%. While the clinical neuropsychiatric symptoms did not show any statistically significant correlation with the various internal medical data, a trend was observed in the greater number of pathological EEGs with an increase in the impairment of renal function. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation, (alpha less than or equal to0.015) between the occurrence of pathological EEGs and the plasma creatinine and BUN values. It is remarkable that the patients with abnormal EEGs had a relatively low mean creatinine level of 5.89 mg%. The strict dietetic management of the patients is regarded as one of the deciding factors for the relatively low frequency of neuropsychiatric symptoms in the material studied. PMID- 55493 TI - [The EEG after frontal and frontobasal skull and brain injury (author's transl)]. AB - Eighty-eight patients with confirmed frontal and frontobasal lesions were examined. The EEG changes were investigated according to type and frequency both after recent trauma and in the later stages (Fig. 1). The general changes showed mainly slight (Fig. 2B) and only rarely severe, dysrhythmias (Fig. 3A) which, however, were frequently associated with paroxysmal outbursts. Focal findings were largely temporal and frontal in the second place (Fig. 2A). All pathological EEG changes showed a tendency to improvement, so that in the late phase they occurred rarely and less severe (Fig. 4). They showed no essential difference from the EEG of uncomplicated craniocerebral traumata. The relations between the EEG and the clinical form of craniocerebral trauma were examined. In contusions of the head the normal EEG was predominant. The pathological EEG was prominent with cerebral concussion and even more so with cerebral contusion. On the other hand, there was no relationship between the EEG and the type of fracture. A significant predominance of pathological EEG was found only in frontobasal fractures with rhinorrhoea. The EEG changes, classified as focal and dysrhythmic, show no statistically significant relationship either to the form of craniocerebral trauma or to the type of fracture. The effect of force coming form in front has apparently been used up chiefly in producing the frontal or frontobasal fractures, and leads to relatively slight cerebral damage. The clinical significance of the EEG does not actually lie in the diagnosis of these injuries, but, as always, in the establishment of the severity and extent of the cerebral lesion and the detection of complications. PMID- 55494 TI - A case of femoral neuropathy associated with eczema herpeticum. PMID- 55495 TI - Conduction velocity during the supernormal and late subnormal periods in human nerve fibres. PMID- 55492 TI - Neuropsychiatric symptomatology with chronic renal insufficiency in the stage of compensated and decompensated retention. II. Peripheral nerve disturbances. AB - 80 strictly selected patients with chronic renal insufficiency with plasma creatinine values of 1.4-14.5 mg% were examined for clinical and electrophysiological signs of nephrogenic polyneuropathy. The motor symptoms complained of were cramps in 43.8% of the patients, "restless leggs" in 18.7%, muscular twitchings in 12.5%. It was emphasized that the first two symptoms do not always indicate the presence of polyneuropathy. 30% complained of paresthesias, 5% of "burning feet". The most frequent clinical finding was the impairment of vibration sense in the feet in 37.5% followed by diminshed appreciation of passive movement of the toes in 30%, weakening or absence of the ankle jerk in 23.8% and finally, weakening of the patellar reflex in 5%... PMID- 55496 TI - Epiloia in twins: a problem in diagnosis and counselling. AB - A family is reported in which the sixth and seventh children, who are twins, have epiloia. No other member of the family has any of the accepted stigma of this condition. It is shown that the twins are dizygotic and so are likely to have inherited their epiloia. Biochemical studies suggest that the father has epiloia and, in view of this, pigmented skin lesions assume diagnosis importance. The significance of this is discussed both in relation to diagnosis in general and to genetic counselling in this family where one of the other children might be affected. PMID- 55497 TI - Positive contrast staining and protected drying of surface spreads: electron microscopy of the synaptonemal complex by a new method. PMID- 55498 TI - The microtubule marginal band of the newt erythrocyte. Observations on the isolated band. PMID- 55499 TI - Letter: Iron stain in decalcified marrow. PMID- 55500 TI - Letter: Motorcycling. PMID- 55501 TI - Carcinoma of the esophagus. Long-term results. AB - Between 1940 and 1967, we treated 609 patients with primary carcinoma of the esophagus by three different methods. In the first group of 170 patients, surgical resection predominated. In the next 166 patients, radiation therapy was used as the primary method. In a third group (135 patients) and a fourth group (138 patients), radiation therapy was followed by resection in the operable cases. After comparing the results of the three methods, we believe that radiation therapy followed by resection produces the best results. Moreover, this approach is justified by the discovery of residual carcinoma in most surgical specimens from patients who have had radiation therapy. PMID- 55503 TI - Editorial: The Whipple Riddle. PMID- 55502 TI - Large-dose bleomycin therapy and pulmonary toxicity. A possible role of prior radiotherapy. AB - Bleomycin sulfate pulmonary toxicity was encountered in nine of 101 patients receiving high-dose therapy for widespread testicular cancer. The pulmonary presentation was separable into two categories: (1) an early or minimal from with dyspnea on exertion, minimal roentgenographic findings, and normal arterial partial pressure of oxygen at rest and (2) a severe form, with prominent roentgenographic findings and hypoxemia at rest. All five patients with the severe form died, while the remaining four patients with the minimal presentation recovered. Prior thoracic radiotherapy appeared to predispose to bleomycin pulmonary toxicity, as this complication developed in five of 12 patients receiving prior chest radiotherapy vs four of 89 not receiving radiotherapy (p less than .001). The fatality rate of 5% with high-dose bleomycin therapy is acceptable in view of the 75% response rate and substantially improved survival achieved with bleomycin combination chemotherapy in metastatic testicular cancer. PMID- 55504 TI - Improved chemotherapy for small-cell undifferentiated lung cancer. AB - Bleomycin sulfate, doxorubicin hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine sulfate combination chemotherapy was given to 29 patients with small-cell undifferentiated lung cancer. Only four of these patients had limited disease, and in these patients there was 100% complete remission; two of these four patients remain in complete remission at more than 52 and 60 weeks. Of the 25 patients with generalized disease, 18 (72%) had neoplasm regression (greater than 50%), including two with complete remission (8%). The median duration of remission was 25 weeks. The median survival time from diagnosis was 39 weeks and that from initiation of therapy, 35 weeks. The drug regimen was well tolerated, and although substantial leukopenia was produced, there were only three patients in whom granulocytopenic infections developed. There was only one drug-related death. PMID- 55505 TI - Fatal pulmonary reaction from low doses of bleomycin. An idiosyncratic tissue response. AB - There were two cases of fatal interstitial pneumonia secondary to bleomycin sulfate administration. Although bleomycin pulmonary toxicity is generally thought to be dose-related and occurs infrequently with a total cummulative dose less than 300 to 400 units, the two reactions reported here occurred with doses of 105 and 165 units. Fatal bleomycin-induced pneumonia has been previously reported at these low dosages, and physicians should be aware that this toxic reaction may occur as an idiosyncratic response. Previous thoracic irradiation may be a predisposing factor. Patients receiving bleomycin should be meticulously monitored by interrogation for cough, dyspnea, and chest pain; by auscultation for rales; by serial chest roentgenograms; and by determinations of vital capacity and single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity. PMID- 55506 TI - [Type-specific antigenic determinants of Leptospira. Possible participation of proteins]. PMID- 55507 TI - [Mechanism of gram staining. II. Phenomena of gram staining of various bacterial species]. PMID- 55508 TI - [Immunogenicity of methylated serum albumin]. PMID- 55509 TI - [Antigenic atructure of the flagella of Salmonella. Heterogeneity of flagellin of S. derby and S. oranienburg]. PMID- 55510 TI - [Carcinoembryonic proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 55511 TI - [On the hematein staining--comparative studies with hematoxylin staining (author's transl)]. PMID- 55512 TI - The endoscopic appearance of the duodenum in Whipple's disease. AB - Duodenoscopic examination of a patient with Whipple's disease revealed that the duodenal mucosa appeared to be partially covered with a yellow-white material. On closer inspection, however, this was found to consist of enlarged villi interspersed with normal-looking mucosa. Histologically these enlarged white villi were shown to contain a heavy accumulation of lipid and typical PAS positive macrophages. The duodenal mucosa was endoscopically normal and histologically showed only a few PAS positive macrophages one year after instituting antibiotic therapy. PMID- 55513 TI - [Remote results of treatment of dolichosigmoid]. PMID- 55514 TI - [Therapeutic value of alcohol-novocaine block of the solar plexus in neglected cases of stomach cancer]. PMID- 55516 TI - [Results of clinical study of the antineoplastic antibiotic, bleomycin, in USSR]. PMID- 55517 TI - Cytochemical localization of catalase and peroxidase in sinusoidal cells of rat liver. AB - The cytochemical localization of catalase and peroxidase in various sinusoidal cells of rat liver, i.e., in Kupffer cells, endothelial cells, and fat-storing cells has been investigated. The alkaline 3,3'-diaminobenzidine technique reveals distinct "catalase-positive particles" in all three cell types. The particles are round to oval-shaped, measuring 0.1 to 0.3 mum. in diameter. The diaminobenzidine reaction product is distributed uniformly over their matrix, often obscuring the distinct limiting membrane. In fat-storing cells the particles appear in close proximity of lipid droplets. No evidence of fusion of the limiting membrane of the particles with that of phagolysosomes containing latex particles was observed. The "catalase-positive particles" appeared often in close proximity of endoplasmic reticulum, but by examining consecutive serial sections we could not find any convincing evidence of direct continuity between the two organelles. In addition to catalase there is an endogenous peroxidase in the endoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope of Kupffer cells. Whereas peroxidase is sensitive to aldehyde fixation and has its optimal pH in the neutral range, the staining for catalase requires prior fixation with glutaraldehyde and isoptimal at pH 10.5. By using proper fixation and incubation conditions the two enzymes have been visualized selectively, and it is demonstrated that they occupy two distinct intracellular compartments within the Kupffer cells: the catalase in the matrix of particles and the peroxidase in the endoplasmic reticulum. The possible functional role of catalase in various sinusoidal cells is briefly discussed. PMID- 55515 TI - [Biogenic amines in endocrine cells producing polypeptide hormones. The APUD cells (Pearse) (author's transl)]. AB - APUD-cells (A = Amine, P = Pprecursor, U = Uptake, D = Decarboxylation) are endocrine cells with numerous common characteristics: 1. They produce polypeptide hormones of low molecular weight. 2. They possess specific 1-amino acid decarboxylases to synthesize catecholamines and/or 5-hydroxytryptamine from precursors. 3. A part of the APUD-cell family primarily accumulates biogenic amines within their cytoplasm. 4. All APUD-cells are rich in specific secretory granules that are the morphological substrate for most of their common features.- Enzyme histochemically the APUD-cells represent a rather heterogenous population. The capacity to take up biogenic amines from the blood is confined to a smaller numer of APUD-cells. The concept of the APUD-cells representing a peripheral neurosecretory system (Pearse und Polak, 1971) appears to be premature. It is probable that in several APUD-cells the accumulation of biogenic amines only constitutes a phenomenon without any physiological relevance which, notwithstanding, could explain pathological reactions of APUD-cells. PMID- 55518 TI - Observations on small granule cells in adult human bronchial epithelium and in carcinoid and oat cell tumors. AB - Small granule cells are described in the segmental bronchi of adult humans. Rarely, these cells were seen abutting the lumen of the airway. A luminal location has been described for these cells in the bronchial epithelium of human fetuses and neonates and it is suggested that luminal small granule cells may be a rare, although normal component of the adult human bronchial epithelium. The dense core granules of the small granule cells stained intensely with phosphotungstic and at low pH suggesting that they contain glycoprotein. Granules present in a carcinoid and an oat cell tumor stained similarly. The role of the small granule cell in the genesis of bronchial carcinoid and oat cell tumors is recognized. PMID- 55519 TI - A morphologic and biochemical study of the fate of antibody-bearing liposomes. AB - The effect of the intravenous administration of gamma-globulins, entrapped or not within liposomes, was investigated in rodent liver. Desialation of gamma globulins did not influence significantly their uptake by this organ. Fluorescein labeled nonspecific gamma-globulins and antibodies raised against the lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase were entrapped within two types of liposomes. The administration of negatively charged liposomes made of lecithin, cholesterol, and dicetylphosphate was badly tolerated. Positively charged liposomes, in which dicetylphosphate was replaced by stearylamine, allowed a considerably higher yield of entrapment and were well tolerated by the animals. Approximately half of the fluorescent gamma-globulins were recovered in the liver, and evidence is presented for the intralysosomal localization of positively charged liposomes, both in the reticuloendothelial cells and in the hepatocytes. A striking difference exists, nevertheless, in the appearance of the two types of cells, 1 hour and 7 1/2 hours after injection. The specific antibodies never inhibited more than 50% of the activity of liver acid alpha-glucosidase, and there was no significant modification in the glycogen content of this organ. This work points to the influence of the composition of liposomes, in determining the entrapment of proteins, the toxicity, the uptake by the liver, and the distribution of these lipidic spherules in the different types of cells. This factor will have to be taken into account if liposomes are to be used as vectors in the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases. PMID- 55520 TI - Hypertension in the black community an overview--part II. PMID- 55521 TI - Comment on "The Uniform Alcoholism and Intoxication Treatment Act". PMID- 55522 TI - Use of coercion in the outpatient treatment of alcoholism. AB - Attendance patterns of voluntary patients at an alcoholism clinic were compared with those of persons convicted of drunken driving who were required to attend the clinic as a condition of probation. The attendance rate of the coerced patients was much superior to that of the voluntary patients. PMID- 55523 TI - A randomized pilot study comparing two regimens in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma. AB - Thirty-five patients with epithelial carcinomas not considered to be surgically resectable were randomized to receive two different chemotherapy regimens. Regimen 1 was CCNU followed by bleomycin, and Regimen 2 was a combination of CCNU, bleomycin, methotrexate, and vinblastine. Five of 14 patients treated with CCNU-bleomycin had partial responses. Three of 15 patients treated with the four drug combination had a partial response. The toxicity of the four-drug regimen was significantly greater than that of the two-drug regimen, while the response rate was greater among those patients treated with two drugs. No significant clinical infections occurred despite the fact that leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were more severe and frequent with the four-drug regimen. Most importantly, the two-drug regimen is well tolerated as an outpatient procedure. Two of the two-drug and one of the four-drug recipients were converted from an inoperable to an operable state. In view of the fact that there has not heretofore been an effective chemotherapeutic regimen for Stage III and IV squamous carcinoma, this is a significant observation. It is of note that patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were those who responded best to this treatment, although the treatment is worthy of consideration for advanced squamous carcinoma in other areas. PMID- 55524 TI - Ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery shunt. AB - Seventy-seven patients with ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery shunt were reviewed; 48 had tetralogy of Fallot, 9 had pulmonary atresia, 11 had transposition of the great vessels with pulmonary stenosis, 4 had tricuspid atresia, and 5 had miscellaneous complex lesions. Their ages ranged from one day to 13 years. The over-all mortality rate was 17.8 per cent. Ten patients underwent total repair and takedown of the shunt with no deaths. The problems of increased pulmonary flow, pulmonary hypertension, preferential flow to one lung, kinking and distortion of the pulmonary artery, and the technical difficulties at the time of takedown were reviewed and discussed. PMID- 55525 TI - Right atrial partition and right ventricular exclusion: another surgical approach for complex cyanotic congenital heart disease. AB - A 5-year-old child with asplenia, situs inversus, single ventricle, common atrium, severe subvalvular pulmonary stenosis, 1-transposition of the great arteries, and absent inferior vena cava presented with severe limitation (resting arterial saturation 74 per cent). At operation, the systemic venous atrium was partitioned with a Dacron baffle, so that hepatic venous and coronary sinus blood was enabled to drain with the pulmonary venous blood into the single ventricle and aorta. The superior portion of this atrium was anastomosed to the divided main pulmonary artery, so that most of the systemic venous blood was allowed to flow directly to the lungs. Intraoperative hemodynamic studies revealed a pulmonary artery pressure of 12/9 mm. Hg and a superior vena caval flow that was 88 per cent of the ascending aortic blood flow. Follow-up catheterization studies revealed an intact partition, no anastomotic gradient, superior vena cava pressure of 20 mm. Hg, arterial saturation of 84 per cent, and excellent flow of contrast from superior vena cava to atrium to pulmonary artery. Exercise tolerance was markedly improved, and chronic fluid retention was not observed. This operation offers a new alternative for long-term palliation of complex lesions amenable to exclusion of the right ventricle, such as single or common ventricle with unreconstructable anomalies of the atrioventricular valves. PMID- 55526 TI - [Distribution and characteristics of Poliovirus strains circulating in Poland in 1968-1972. Genetic variation of strains isolated in various secretion periods and clones isolated from vaccines]. PMID- 55527 TI - [Production of toxoplasma antigens for passive hemagglutination tests]. PMID- 55528 TI - [Has gamma globulin any preventive value for pregnant women exposed to rubella?]. PMID- 55529 TI - Levamisole in advanced human breast cancer. AB - A clinical trial of levamisole, an orally effective modifier of the immune response, is reported in women with primary inoperable breast cancer (stage III). After being rendered clinically disease-free by radiotherapy to the breast, supraclavicular area, and axilla, patients were allocated alternately to a control group (no further treatment) and a levamisole-treated group (150 mg orally three times a week on alternate weeks) and were followed-up by physical examination and laboratory tests. In 43 patients (23 control and 20 levamisole), there was significant prolongation of the median disease-free interval (25 v. 9 months) and survival (90% v. 35% alive at 30 months) in the levamisole-treated group compared with the controls. Levamisole treatment was also associated with an increase in the percentage and intensity of delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions and in the absolute lymphocyte-counts. No significant toxicity of levamisole was observed. PMID- 55530 TI - Failure of somatostatin to correct manifest diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - Juvenile diabetic patients were studied 60-72 hours after insulin withdrawal when moderate ketoacidosis had developed. Somatostatin infusion for 4 hours in five patients resulted in almost complete suppression of plasma pancreatic glucagon and growth hormone, a fall in plasma-cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate (A.M.P.) concentrations, and a large fall in plasma-glucose concentration. After infusion plasma concentrations of these substances rose again. Blood-ketone-bodies, plasma free-fatty-acids (F.F.A.), and plasma glycerol concentrations, however, did not decrease appreciably with somatostatin administration. In three patients 2 to 3 h somatostatin infusions were twice superimposed upon a continuous 9-5 h insulin infusion (1 unit/h). An insulin effect was noticeable within 30 minutes, with pronounced falls in the concentrations of plasma glucose, pancreatic glucagon, F.F.A., and blood-ketone-bodies. There was no significant change in these patterns when somatostatin was administered or withdrawn. These results do not indicate that somatostatin infusion would be useful in the treatment of manifest diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 55531 TI - Pancreatectomised man: A model for diabetes without glucagon. AB - The proposition that glucagon plays an essential part in maintaining hyperglycaemia in diabetes has been investigated by the study of 5 totally pancreatectomised subjects and 5 age and sex matched insulin-dependent diabetic patients. True basal glucagon values were obtained by the use of a new affinity chromatography technique. The mean fasting plasma-glucose levels of the pancreatectomised subjects was 251 +/- 46 mg/dl. The mean fasting plasma-glucagon level was not significantly elevated above zero (1-3 +/- 0-6 pmol/l) and showed no change following arginine. In the 5 insulin-dependent diabetics the mean fasting plasma-glucagon level of 17-2 +/- 5-3 pmol/l rose to a maximum at 25 minutes of 103-6 +/- 27-5 pmol/l during infusion of arginine. These findings imply the absence of a significant number of normally functioning alpha cells in extrapancreatic sites in man and demonstrate that pronounced hyperglycaemia may occur in the absence of glucagon. Glucagon is probably not of primary importance in the hyperglycaemia of insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 55533 TI - Transcendental meditation in hypertension. Individual response patterns. AB - Seven selected hypertensive patients were stabilized on drugs at a research clinic. Subjects learned transcendental meditation (T.M.), were seen weekly, and took their own blood pressure several times daily. After 12 weeks of T.M. six subjects showed psychological changes and reduced anxiety scores. Six subjects also showed significant reductions in home and four in clinic blood-pressures. Six months later four subjects continued to derive psychological benefit and two showed significant blood-pressure reductions attributable to T.M. at home and clinic. PMID- 55532 TI - Treatment of attacks in hyperkalaemic familial periodic paralysis by inhalation of salbutamol. AB - In fifteen patients with hyperkalaemic familial periodic paralysis, inhalation of salbutamol alleviated hyperkaleamia and paralysis precipitated by exercise or oral administration of potassium chloride. In-vitro studies with rat soleus muscles indicated that the hypokalaemic effect of salbutamol is related to stimulation of the active coupled transport of sodium and potassium in muscle cells. Follow-up studies proved that the inhalation of salbutamol is a simple and adequate method for the treatment of the paralytic episodes in these patients. PMID- 55534 TI - Autoantibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein, a tool for diagnosing the level of urinary-tract infection. AB - In sera from ten girls with acute pyelonephritis, antibodies of the IgG-class to Tamm-Horsfall protein were found in significantly increased titres; in contrast, titres in sera from six girls with acute cystitis did not differ from those of healthy controls. The results suggest that determination of Tamm-Horsfall antibodies may prove useful for differentiating between upper and lower urinary tract infection. PMID- 55535 TI - Hyperprolactinaemia and luteal insufficiency. AB - Prolactin interferes with the function of the corpus luteum, as was demonstrated by repeatedly finding a short luteal phase in the ovulatory cycles of two hyperprolactinaemic women after prolactin supression by bromocriptine had been discontinued. In hyperprolactinaemic ovulatory cycles excretion of pregnanediol in urine was less and plasma-progesterone concentrations were lower than in normo prolactinaemic cycles. When the amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea syndrome recurred the symptoms appeared in the following order: (1) serum-prolactin increased and the luteal phase became shorter; (2) galactorrhoea appeared; (3) ovulation was missed; (4) menstruation was missed. All these abnormalities may be treated by prolactin suppression, but the effect of treatment does not persist for long after bromocriptine administration ceases. PMID- 55536 TI - HLA-B27 and modified bone formation. AB - Of the many associations between histocompatibility antigens and human diseases a prominent one is that between HLA-B27 and inflammatory arthropathies. Hypotheses to explain this association include the B27 gene being linked to a specific immune-response gene required for disease expression and the B27 antigen acting via molecular mimicry with a microorganism or as a microorganism receptor. Alternatively, the HLA-B27 gene might be closely related to a gene which influences bone formation. The finding of a significant association between B27 and Forestier's disease, a disease characterised by abundant new bone formation, supports such a hypothesis. PMID- 55538 TI - Editorial: Hip replacement. PMID- 55537 TI - Editorial: When is a gastric ulcer really a cancer? PMID- 55539 TI - Editorial: Unnecessary meniscectomy. PMID- 55540 TI - Editorial: Living-or existing-in hospital. PMID- 55542 TI - The money motive. PMID- 55541 TI - Evaluation of radiography and isotopic scintigraphy for detecting skeletal metastases in breast cancer. AB - Experience with technetium-phosphate compounds for skeletal scintigraphy in patients with breast cancer was analysed. When tumours were 5 cm or less in diameter (T1-2N0-1M0) metastases were demonstrated by radiographs in 1-7% (2/114). However, when radiography did not demonstrate metastases, lesions were found by scintigraphy in 41-3% (19/46). When lesions demonstrated by scintigraphy at the same site as abnormalities regarded as "benign" by radiography were excluded, 23% (11/46) had scintigraphs strongly suggestive of metastases. It is proposed that routine radiographic skeletal survey for patients presenting with breast cancer be abandoned, and replaced by skeletal scintigraphy, chest radiography, and specific localised radiographs of lesions demonstrated by scintigraphy. It is suggested that with this policy the development of expertise in interpreting scintigraphs will be accelerated, the cost of pre-treatment assessment will be reduced, and clinical management rationalised. PMID- 55544 TI - Letter: Reversible decline. PMID- 55543 TI - Letter: Basic science, science, and medical education. PMID- 55545 TI - Letter: Impending heart-attacks. PMID- 55546 TI - Letter: SI chaos. PMID- 55547 TI - Letter: "Normal" and "reference" values for laboratory data. PMID- 55549 TI - Letter: Angiosarcoma of the liver. PMID- 55548 TI - Letter: Angiosarcoma of the liver in P.V.C. fabricators. PMID- 55551 TI - Letter: Vitamin C and stroke. PMID- 55550 TI - Letter: Selective IgA deficiency. PMID- 55552 TI - Letter: Natural course of symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 55553 TI - Letter: Combined therapy for small-cell carcinoma of the bronchus. PMID- 55554 TI - Letter: Sezary type cells in rheumatoid synovial fluid. PMID- 55555 TI - Letter: Buffer therapy and intraventricular haemorrhage. PMID- 55556 TI - Letter: Clofibrate-induced myopathy syndrome. PMID- 55557 TI - Letter: Acute-on-chronic renal failure precipitated by clofibrate. PMID- 55558 TI - Letter: Long-stay patients with long-stay drugs. PMID- 55559 TI - Letter: Patient-controlled intravenous narcotic administration during labour. PMID- 55561 TI - Letter: Ethics of fluoridation. PMID- 55560 TI - Letter: Potassium stricture of the upper alimentary tract. PMID- 55562 TI - Letter: Secrecy v. privacy. PMID- 55563 TI - Letter: Reflex cardiac arrest in tetraplegia. PMID- 55564 TI - Letter: H.P.L. and twins. PMID- 55565 TI - Letter: Apparatus for rapid collection of blood-samples for lactate and pyruvate determinations. PMID- 55566 TI - Letter: Protection of peritoneal-dialysis catheter. PMID- 55567 TI - Letter: Bioavailability of phenytoin. PMID- 55569 TI - Letter: Pyridoxine and serum concentration of phenytoin and phenobarbitone. PMID- 55568 TI - Letter: Serum-phenytoin. PMID- 55571 TI - Letter: Attitudes to children's accidents. PMID- 55570 TI - Letter: Management of Rh isoimmunisation. PMID- 55572 TI - Letter: Thrombosis and psoriasis. PMID- 55573 TI - Letter: Vitamin E, selenium, and knee problems. PMID- 55574 TI - Letter: Parental consanguinity in pycnodysostosis. PMID- 55576 TI - Letter: Pseudo-pseudopodagra. PMID- 55575 TI - Letter: Gentamicin resistance. PMID- 55577 TI - Letter: Hydatidiform mole: two entities. PMID- 55578 TI - Letter: Polyoma virus in urine in aplastic anaemia. PMID- 55579 TI - Letter: Response to adrenaline and propranolol in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 55580 TI - Obituary: Alexander Haddow. PMID- 55581 TI - Obituary: Andrew McNae Wyllie. PMID- 55582 TI - Obituary: George Bernard Royce. PMID- 55583 TI - Therapy with parent's lymphocyte transfer factor in children with infection and malnutrition. AB - Transfer factor (T.F.) prepared from 5 x 10(8) lymphoid cells from 500 ml of a parent's blood was given to 40 Australian aboriginal children aged 2-46 months who had been in hospital with acute infection. Many had protein-calorie malnutrition. These and a control group of 35 similar children were assessed blind for at least 12 months. In T.F.-treated children there were significantly fewer episodes of diarrhoeal disease for periods in excess of 26 weeks. Recurrent moderate diarrhoeal disease was particularly reduced, and the onset of severe gastroenteritis may have been delayed. There was no protection against chest, middle-ear, or skin infection. PMID- 55584 TI - Apatite deposition disease. A new arthropathy. AB - A method for identifying particles of crystalline calcium hydroxyapatite in synovial fluids and biopsy material has been developed with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy and an energy-dispersive micro-analytical system. Particles of hydroxyapatite were identified in the joints of six patients diagnosed as having osteoarthritis, three of whom had acute inflammatory episodes with effusions into the joints. Apatite was not identified in joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis and other types of arthropathy. Animal studies showed that hydroxyapatic crystals can cause an acute inflammatory reaction, and this has been confirmed by experimental studies in man. It is suggested that a third type of crystal-deposition disease should be recognised--namely, calcium hydroxyapatite crystal-deposition disease. PMID- 55585 TI - Enzymic analysis of cardiac biopsy material from patients with valvular heart disease. AB - Cardiac tissue obtained by left-ventricular endomyocardial biopsy from patients with valvular heart-disease was assayed for marker enzyme activities of subcellular organelles and these were correlated with left ventricular function as assessed by haemodynamic studies. In patients with poor left ventricular function, calcium-dependent adenosine-triphosphatase (A.T.P.ase) activity, predominantly localised to the myofibrils, was strikingly reduced. Activity of lactate dehydrongenase, a cytosol enzyme, was significantly increased in tissue from patients with poor left ventricular function. The activity of enzymes associated with sarcolemma (5'-nucleotidase), mitochondria (glutamate dehydrogenase and monoamine oxidase), microsomes (neutral alpha-glucosidase), and lysosomes (acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase) was no different in patients with good or poor left ventricular function. It is suggested that reduced myofibrillary A.T.P.ase concentration is the biochemical basis for the impaired ventricular function. PMID- 55586 TI - A double-blind trial of the effect of wheat bran on symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. AB - 59 outpatients with irritable bowel syndrome participated in a randomised double blind trial. The patients in the treatment group received three biscuits daily each containing 10 g of ordinary miller's bran, whereas the patients in the control group received wheat biscuits of a similar appearance. The treatment period was 6 weeks. 52% of the patients in the treatment group noted subjective improvement compared with 65% in the control group. The results of this trial do not support the routine use of miller's bran in irritable bowel syndrome. PMID- 55587 TI - Anticonvulsants and parental epilepsy in the development of birth defects. AB - The results of two studies, one in Finland and one in the U.S.A., raise the possibility that fetal damage previously attributed to phenytoin and other anticonvulsant drugs, principally phenobarbitone, may be due to epilepsy itself. In the U.S.A., drug-exposure information was collected before delivery in a cohort of 50 282 mother/child pairs. The total malformation rate in 305 children born to epileptic mothers was 10.5%, as against 6.4% in the remainder (p less than 0.01); corresponding rates for major malformations were 6.6% and 2.7%. When the fathers had epilepsy, the malformation-rates in their children were intermediate. The rates did not vary significantly according to maternal anticonvulsants therapy. Mental and motor scores as 8 months of age, and intelligence quotient scores at 4 years were lower in children of epileptic mothers, but not in children of epileptic fathers. The scores showed only random variation according to maternal anticonvulsant therapy. In Finland, 2784 children with craniofacial anomalies were compared with an equal number of normal children; 8 and 2 mothers, respectively, received anticonvulsants, while pregnant, for epilepsy. In that study, the separate effects of the disease and its treatmet could not be evaluated. Both studies did not find evidence of fetal damage when phenobarbitone was taken for indications other than epilepsy. PMID- 55588 TI - Abnormalities in the apparently normal bowel mucosa in Crohn's disease. AB - The uninvolved intestinal mucosa away from the affected areas in Crohn's disease has always been considered to be macroscopically and microscopically normal. Rectal biopsy specimens from 13 patients who had had Crohn's, disease elsewhere in the bowel, but never in the rectum, showed significant increases in the plasma cell density in the lamina propria, in the volume of the lamina propria, and in the glucosamine-synthetase activity of the specimens, compared with a control series of patients with the irritable-colon syndrome. It is suggested that the colonic mucosa is always abnormal in Crohn's disease even if macroscopical and histological examination shows an apparently normal mucosa. PMID- 55589 TI - Cerebral thrombosis, cerebral haemorrhage, and ABO blood-groups. AB - The ABO blood-group distributions of 1460 patients who had died from a stroke were compared with those of a control group of 20 705 controls selected at random from the healthy population at risk (i.e., over thirty-five years of age and matched for age and sex ratio). The cause of death was certified as cerebral thrombosis in 329 cases and as cerebral haemorrhage in 482 cases, these diagnoses being established in neurological hospitals; the remaining 649 cases had an unspecified type of stroke, the diagnosis being made by general practitioners. In the group with unspecified type of stroke the blood-group distribution was practically the same as the distribution in the controls. In the thrombosis cases there was an excess of blood-groups A and AB and a deficiency of O and B; in cerebral haemorrhage this situation was reversed. However, these were only trends; the differences were not significant at the 5% level. A statistically significant difference did emerge when the A+AB excess in thrombosis was contrasted with the O+B excess in haemorrhage, suggesting that this difference might be accounted for the major A subgroup (A1) and, consequently, A1B. PMID- 55590 TI - Complications of povidone-iodine absorption in topically treated burn patients. AB - One of the dangers of topical therapy in thermal injuries is absorption of the therapeutic agent with subsequent metabolic and toxic complications. Two patients, one 30 years old with a 75% burn, the second 72 years old with a 35% burn, were treated topically with povidone-iodine ("Betadine", pH 2.43). In both patients severe metabolic acidosis developed which could not be attributed to sepsis, hypovolaemia, renal failure, diabetes, lactic acidaemia, &c. The acidosis associated with the 75% burn required large amounts of sodium bicarbonate to maintain pH at 7.35 and a serum-bicarbonate concentration of 15 mmol/l (meq/l); serum-iodine was 48000 mug/dl (normal 4-8.5mug/dl). Acidosis in the second patient was not as severe, and serum-iodine concentration reached 17600 mug/dl. The rate of urinary excretion of iodine was 50.8 +/- 7.4 mg/dl and seemed to be fixed. Haemodialysis was very effective in reducing serum-iodine concentration. Povidone was also systemically absorbed. The persistent acidosis could be caused by absorption of the iodine or the acidic povidone-iodine. Until the aetiology of the acidosis and renal damage is more clear, iodophors should not be used topically for burns greater than 20% of the body surface or in the presence of renal failure. PMID- 55592 TI - Distribution of skin petechiae in fat embolism rash. AB - When patients in whom a fat embolism rash developed were nursed on their left side fresh petechiae appeared on the right side and vice versa. The appearance of petechiae on the least dependent site is consistent with the skimming off of floating fat emboli in the blood and their selective distribution by the branches arising from the top of the aortic arch. PMID- 55591 TI - Impairment of human polymorphonuclear leucocyte function by influenza virus. AB - The effects of an influenza virus on polymorphonuclear leucocyte function were examined in vitro with a view to explaining why bacterial pneumonia often accompanies influenza in man. The ability of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes to show chemotaxis and to phagocytose staphylococci was inhibited when they were incubated with influenza viruses. Hexose-monophosphate-shunt activation was unaffected. The inhibitory effects were apparently specific to the virus. PMID- 55594 TI - Editorial: Objectivity in pathology. PMID- 55593 TI - Editorial: Arms and the bronchi. PMID- 55595 TI - Editorial: Anaerobes in pleuropulmonary infections. PMID- 55596 TI - Editorial: Rifampicin: for tuberculosis only? PMID- 55597 TI - Editorial: Dangerous drips. PMID- 55598 TI - Editorial: Graduate clinical training. PMID- 55599 TI - "On-off" effects in patients with Parkinson's disease on chronic levodopa therapy. AB - Fluctuations in performance in patients with Parkinson's disease on chronic levodopa therapy (the "on-off" effect) are due to several factors. The increasing severity during treatment of early morning akinesia, "freezing" episodes, and end of-dose deterioration are probably due to progression of the underlying disease. Peak-dose dyskinesia and peak-dose akinesia are due to levodopa over dosage. "Yo yo-ing", which is the severest form of such fluctuation in mobility and dyskinesias, may represent the sum of these disorders. PMID- 55600 TI - Cytology in the diagnosis of oesophageal cancer. AB - The value of brush cytology under direct vision in the diagnosis of oesophageal cancer was evaluated and compared with other diagnostic procedures in a prospective study of 33 patients suspected of having an oesophageal lesion. Barium swallow correctly diagnosed cancer in 19 out of 20 patients, the remaining patient was diagnosed by both histology and cytology. In all, cytology was correct in 18 cases (90%), whereas histology confirmed the diagnosis in 10 (50%). In the 13 patients with benign lesions, barium swallow was correct in 12; cytology was benign in all 13; biopsy was only possible in 9, although the results of this procedure were always correct. Thus barium swallow is still the ideal screening procedure for patients with oesophageal symptoms, but per endoscopic brush cytology seems to be the method of choice for confirmation of the diagnosis. PMID- 55601 TI - Letter: Injecting the painful shoulder. PMID- 55602 TI - Letter: Rising rates of congenital dislocation of the hip. PMID- 55603 TI - Letter: Acute abdomen in childhood. PMID- 55604 TI - Letter: Osteoporosis of ageing. PMID- 55606 TI - Letter: Family planning in hospitals. PMID- 55605 TI - Letter: Acute abdomen in childhood. PMID- 55607 TI - Letter: Carbon-monoxide yield of filter-tipped cigarettes. PMID- 55608 TI - Letter: Taxes, smoking and health. PMID- 55609 TI - Letter: Ethics of fluoridation. PMID- 55610 TI - Letter: Disopyramide dose. PMID- 55611 TI - Letter: Amniotic fluid on maternal urine? PMID- 55612 TI - Letter: Screening test for intermittent acute porphyria. PMID- 55613 TI - Letter: Maternal alpha-fetoprotein and fetal exomphalos. PMID- 55614 TI - Letter: F.D.P. in amniotic fluid as marker for neural-tube defects. PMID- 55615 TI - Letter: Metronidazole and iron in cancer therapy. PMID- 55616 TI - Letter: Atopy and coeliac disease. PMID- 55617 TI - Letter: Defective microbicidal function. PMID- 55618 TI - Letter: Prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia. PMID- 55619 TI - Letter: Potentiation of bronchodilators by glucocorticoids. PMID- 55620 TI - Letter: Pregnancy-associated alpha2-glycoprotein and cancer. PMID- 55621 TI - Letter: Optimum phenytoin-dosage regimens. PMID- 55623 TI - Letter: Maternal age of dizygotic twins, superfecundation, and coital-rate. PMID- 55622 TI - Letter: Lymphocytopenia in patients treated with phenytoin. PMID- 55624 TI - Letter: Toxoplasma antibodies and cats. PMID- 55625 TI - Letter: Counterimmunoelectrophoresis in diagnosis of hydatid disease. PMID- 55626 TI - Letter: Intrinsic-factor antibody and vitamin B. PMID- 55627 TI - Letter: Caliciviruses in man. PMID- 55628 TI - Letter: Duovirus in schoolchildren with gastroenteritis. PMID- 55629 TI - Letter: Clinical use of an indwelling umbilical-artery electrode. PMID- 55630 TI - Letter: Patient-controlled intravenous narcotic administration during labour. PMID- 55631 TI - Receptor sensitivity in schizophrenia. PMID- 55632 TI - Letter: Mannosidosis and maternal penicillamine therapy. PMID- 55633 TI - Letter: Congenital abnormalities and first-trimester exposure to progestagen/oestrogen. PMID- 55634 TI - Letter: Coronary patients and mountain walks. PMID- 55635 TI - Letter: Multiple myeloma in husband and wife. PMID- 55636 TI - Letter: The alcoholic doctor. PMID- 55637 TI - Letter: Transfer factor and cell-mediated immunity in urinary-tract infections in children. PMID- 55638 TI - Letter: Dried human umbilical cords and study of pollutants. PMID- 55639 TI - Letter: Antibiotics and wound sutures. PMID- 55640 TI - Letter: Remission of lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 55642 TI - Letter: Cholera syndrome in West Bengal. PMID- 55641 TI - Letter: Cellular immunity in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 55644 TI - James William Tudor Thomas. PMID- 55643 TI - Letter: Clonidine in severe hypertension. PMID- 55645 TI - John Cameron. PMID- 55647 TI - A 5-year controlled study of B.C.G. and radiotherapy inoperable lung cancer. AB - Forty-eight patients with advanced squamous-cell lung cancer were treated with radical radiotherapy. Thereafter twenty-five received B.C.G. regularly and twenty three did not. Differences in survival during the first year of observation and absence of peripheral metastases were significantly in favour of the patients treated with B.C.G. There was no response to B.C.G. in patients receiving palliative radiotherapy or cyclophosphamide nor in those with undifferentiated carcinoma. PMID- 55646 TI - Regional immunotherapy of lung cancer with intrapleural B.C.G. AB - 60 patients have been entered into a randomised prospective study to answer the question-does a single postoperative injection of B.C.G. into the pleural space improve survival after surgery for lung cancer? 40 patients have been followed up for more than a year. B.C.G. improved survival in patients with a limited tumour burden: there were no recurrences and no deaths in 17 stage-I patients treated with intrapleural B.C.G. whereas 9 of 22 comparable control patients developed recurrent cancer and 5 died in the same interval (p=0.003). Intrapleural B.C.G. treatment did not seem to be beneficial in patients with more advanced disease. The hazards associated with injecting these living organisms into the pleural space have been reduced by preclinical laboratory testing in animals, use of a single limited dose of microorganisms, administration of isoniazid, and careful patient monitoring. PMID- 55648 TI - Levamisole in prevention of recurrent upper-respiratory-tract infections in children. AB - 70 children with chronically relapsing mild-to-severe upper-respiratory-tract infections during autumn and winter participated in a six month double-blind placebo-controlled trial: 38 of them received about 1-25 mg/kg of levamisole twice daily for two consecutive days every week, the others were given placebo. During each of the three trial periods, levamisole proved superior to placebo in that it significantly reduced the number, the duration, and the severity of the infections. Moreover, in the group treated with the higher dose (i.e. greater than 2-5 mg/kg/day), the superiority of levamisole to placebo was much more clear cut. No drug-related side-effects were reported. PMID- 55649 TI - Cigarette smoking in pregnancy: Associations with maternal weight gain and fetal growth. AB - 1159 mother-infant "pairs" have been studied to examine the inter-relationship of cigarette smoking in the latter half of pregnancy, maternal weight gain, and fetal growth. Non-smokers gained significantly more weight than heavy smokers (greater than 15 cigarettes per day) while light-to-moderate smokers (1-14 cigarettes a day) were intermediate. Birth-weight, length, and head circumference of the infants showed a similar gradient with infants born to non-smokers being heavier, longer, and with larger head circumferences than those born to heavy smokers. Co-variance analysis showed that a large part of the effect of maternal smoking is mediated through maternal weight gain with only a very small additional direct effect on the fetus. This suggests that increasing weight gain in smoking mothers might prevent some of the harmful effects of smoking on fetal growth. A randomised controlled trial of diet supplementation of smoking mothers would seem justified. PMID- 55650 TI - Menstrual blood-loss with intrauterine devices. AB - The effect of three intrauterine contraceptive devices (I.U.D.)-Lippes D, Dalkon Shield, and Copper 7-on menstrual blood-loss has been studied serially by objective methods in 279 women. All the women had a minimum of two cycles following delivery, abortion, cessation of lactation, or previous pill or I.U.D. use. All pads and tampons used for two further menstrual cycles before and for 12 cycles after I.U.D. insertion were collected, and the blood-loss was measured by extracting the haemoglobin by conversion to alkaline haematin. Mean menstrual blood-loss increased with all three devices. The amount of loss, the percentage of women losing more than 80 ml, the decline in haemoglobin concentration, and the incidence of anaemia during the 12 cycles following insertion were all greater among users of the Lippes Loop than of the Copper 7 with generally intermediate values for Dalkon Shield users. The mean increases in blood-loss were: for parous women fitted with the Lippes Loop, 48 ml, with the Dalkon Shield, 34 ml, and with the Copper 7, 18 ml; for nulliparae fitted with the small size of Dalkon Shield, 27 ml, and, with the Copper 7, 19 ml. PMID- 55651 TI - Non-invasive quantitation of corneal copper in hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease). AB - The corneal copper content was measured by X-ray excitation spectrometry in two controls and in seven patients with Wilson's disease. Patients who were treated irregularly or not treated at all showed a high corneal copper content. Those who were adequately treated had low levels, comparable to the controls. In one case the corneal copper content declined 45%, after a course of dimercaprol. The corneal copper measured showed no correlation with the slit-lamp appearance of the Kayser-Fleischer ring. It is suggested that non-invasive X-ray excitation spectrometry can provide a fast and reliable method for the early diagnosis of Wilson's disease and for the objective evaluation of the efficacy of the treatment of this disease. PMID- 55652 TI - Immunostimulant therapy with levamisole for rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In a controlled study involving thirty-four patients levamisole was shown to be as effective as D-penicillamine and more effective than placebo in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Its action was slow and was accompanied by a reduction in erythrocyte sedimentation-rate, rheumatoid factor, and technetium index. These properties indicate that it has a specific action like that of D-penicillamine. Stimulation of cell-mediated immunity was evident in patients treated with levamisole, and there was a correlation between such changes and pain relief. Animal models confirmed the absence of anti-inflammatory effect and provided some evidence of enhancement of cell-mediated immunity and macrophage stimulation. PMID- 55653 TI - Refined carbohydrate, smooth-muscle spasm and disease of the colon. AB - A diet high in refined carbohydrate is implicated in the aetiology of some diseases of the colon-i.e., diverticular disease, irritable bowel syndrome, ulcerative colitis, non-occlusive ischaemic colitis, and pseudomembranous colitis. It is suggested that spasm of the smooth muscle is the common pathogenetic mechanism in these colonic diseases. The strength of the spasm producing increased pressure in the colonic lumen or wall and the length of time for which the colon has been affected are believed to determine the type of disease resulting. A diet high in refined carbohydrate allows the intense muscle spasm to occur because the physical buffering effect of faecal bulk is considerably reduced. PMID- 55655 TI - Editorial: Brain damage in sport. PMID- 55654 TI - An alternative theory of herpes-simplex recurrence and a possible role for prostaglandins. AB - Reactivation of herpes-simplex is thought to require stimulation of latent virus in the sensory ganglion before the virus travels to the skin and causes a lesion. An alternative theory is proposed whereby virus is often released from the ganglion to form microfoci of infection in the skin but these are usually eliminated. Physiological changes in the skin, perhaps induced by prostaglandins, occasionally allow lesions to develop. PMID- 55657 TI - Editorial: The least bad treatment for achalasia. PMID- 55656 TI - Editorial: Coronary heart-disease in Edinburgh and Stockholm. PMID- 55658 TI - Editorial: Pituitary tumours and pregnancy. PMID- 55659 TI - Editorial: Microbiological safety. PMID- 55660 TI - Editorial: Does clindamycin produce viral colitis? PMID- 55661 TI - Alternative explanations of the differing behaviour of ovarian and testicular teratomas. AB - There are several aspects of the biology of teratomas which may be important in the aetiology of malignant versus non-malignant forms. Firstly, the ages when malignant teratomas form in the ovary (children) and testis (adult) follow by a similar span of years the time of oogenesis (fetus) and spermatogenesis (onset at puberty) and, specifically, follow by less than a decade the periods of active mitosis and meiosis during which interconnection of germ cells by intercellular bridges occurs. Secondly, ovarian teratomas may be viewed as parthenogenically activated oocytes, while testicular teratocarcinomas may represent post-meiotic fusion events more comparable to fertilisation; the malignant potential in the latter case could relate to fundamental differences in male and femal germ plasm. Thirdly,, the fact that malignant teratomas are easily produced by transplanting early embryos to extrauterine sites, while there is loss of malignancy with differentiation within a tumour or when malignant cells are injected into pre implantation embryos and contribute cells to a variety of normal tissues, suggests that the malignant potential of teratomas has to do with gene control rather than mutational events. PMID- 55663 TI - Doctors and administrators. A joint experiment. AB - A course is described in which doctors in the training grades and health-service administration undertook a joint educational exercise to learn more about health care and the roles and interrelationships of the various professional groups. By sharing an educational enviroment, two professions which are frequently in conflict may realise each other's purpose and difficulties and perhaps work more harmoniously to a common aim. PMID- 55662 TI - Multifactorial regulation of prolactin secretion. AB - The hypothalamus exerts an inhibitory influence on prolactin release from the anterior pituitary. Whether or not peptide hypothalamic prolactin-regulating factors, analogous to those for other pituitary hormones, exist, remains to be confirmed. There is evidence that catecholamines and indolamines directly affect prolactin release. This concept may explain the pathogenesis of galactorrhoea amenorrhoea and other endocrine diseases produced by hypothalamic-pituitary disorders. PMID- 55664 TI - Chronic osteomyelitis. PMID- 55665 TI - Letter: Merrison and the colleges. PMID- 55666 TI - Letter: Osteoporosis. PMID- 55667 TI - Letter: Glucoreceptor deficiency in diabetes. PMID- 55668 TI - Letter: Insulin extraction and hepatic blood-flow. PMID- 55670 TI - Letter: Re-use of disposable dialysers. PMID- 55669 TI - Letter: Insulin in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 55672 TI - Letter: Waste not. PMID- 55671 TI - Letter: Sugar-free drugs for diabetics. PMID- 55673 TI - Letter: Cost of breast-feeding. PMID- 55674 TI - Letter: Taxes, smoking, and health. PMID- 55675 TI - Letter: Why do women stop breast feeding? PMID- 55676 TI - Letter: Dried-milk infant feeds. PMID- 55677 TI - Letter: Intensive antenatal plasmapheresis in severe rhesus isoimmunisation. PMID- 55678 TI - Letter: Intravenous prednisolone in asthma. PMID- 55679 TI - Letter: Levels of consciousness in comatose patients. PMID- 55680 TI - Letter: Coombs-positive haemolytic anaemia provoked by chlorpromazine. PMID- 55681 TI - Letter: Infectious-mononucleosis rash after talampicillin. PMID- 55682 TI - Letter: Activities of tobramycin and amikacin against gentamicin-resistant gram negative bacilli. PMID- 55684 TI - Letter: Suprarenal-artery berry aneurysm. PMID- 55683 TI - Letter: Do tricyclic antidepressants work? PMID- 55685 TI - Letter: Incision of small vessels. PMID- 55686 TI - Letter: Severe renal dysfunction after tobramycin/cephalothin therapy. PMID- 55687 TI - Letter: Age dependence of T lymphocytes. PMID- 55688 TI - Letter: Patient-controlled intravenous narcotic. PMID- 55690 TI - Letter: Hairy cells. PMID- 55689 TI - Letter: Buffer therapy intraventricular haemorrhage. PMID- 55691 TI - Letter: Injecting the painful shoulder. PMID- 55692 TI - Letter: Salbutamol in hyperkalaemic familial periodic paralysis. PMID- 55693 TI - Letter: Screening for breast cancer. PMID- 55694 TI - Letter: Coagulation disorders and abortion using hypertonic solutions. PMID- 55695 TI - Letter: D-penicillamine and haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 55696 TI - Letter: Transient manifestations of immunological diseases in the child. PMID- 55697 TI - Letter: Treatment of inoperable carcinoma of bronchus. PMID- 55698 TI - Letter: Fatal mexiletine overdose. PMID- 55699 TI - Letter: Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios in oropharyngeal fluid. PMID- 55700 TI - Letter: Pericarditis in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 55701 TI - Letter: Acrodermatitis enteropathica, zinc, and ultrastructural lesions in Paneth cells. PMID- 55702 TI - Letter: Daunorubicin cardiotoxicity. PMID- 55703 TI - Letter: Nicotinic acid and myocardial action potential. PMID- 55704 TI - Letter: Trisomy-20 syndrome in man. PMID- 55705 TI - Letter: Chlorpheniramine-induced bone-marrow suppression. PMID- 55706 TI - Letter: Simultaneous diagnosis and treatment of acute adrenal insufficiency. PMID- 55707 TI - Letter: Arsenic and non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. PMID- 55708 TI - Letter: Morbidity and mortality in pseudopolycythaemia. PMID- 55709 TI - Letter: Flucloxacillin and bilirubin binding. PMID- 55710 TI - Letter: Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. PMID- 55711 TI - Letter: Evolution of X-chromosome inactivation. PMID- 55712 TI - Letter: Disclosure on abortion. PMID- 55713 TI - Obituary: Hugh Owen Moss Bryant. PMID- 55714 TI - Preoperative or postoperative deep-vein thrombosis? AB - The incidence of deep-vein thrombosis as detected by the 125I-fibrinogen test and confirmed by phlebography was 32% in a high-risk group of patients admitted to hospital more than 4 days before operation. 62% of these thrombi were established before operation. Patients with malignant disease and those receiving preoperative intravenous nutrition were particularly prone to this complication. Recognition that asymptomatic thrombosis may be present before operation helps to clarify many of the enigmatic aspects of this condition, and has important implications for the interpretation of the results of clinical trials of prophylaxis. The condition should be suspected in patients transferred for surgery from medical wards, and prophylactic measures should be commenced at the time of admission in high-risk patients. PMID- 55715 TI - Treatment of ulcerative colitis with oral disodium cromoglycate. A double-blind controlled trial. AB - Twelve patients with ulcerative protocolitis were treated for six months with each of oral disodium cromoglycate (2 g/day) and placebo in a double-blind cross over trial. The active drug significantly improved the patients' sense of well being and the signoidoscopic and rectal biopsy appearances. Orally administered disodium cromoglycate may have a place in the long-term management of colitis. PMID- 55716 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated (K cell) cytotoxicity against isolated hepatocytes in chronic active hepatitis. AB - Lymphocytes from 12 of 17 patients with chronic active hepatitis were cytotoxic towards isolated hepatocytes in a microcytotoxicity assay. Enriched fractions of B cells, prepared by removal of E-rosetted cells, were cytotoxic in all 12 cases, whereas T-cell fractions, prepared by removal of erythrocyte-antibody-complement rosetted cells, were cytotoxic in only 1 case (P less than 0-0005). HBsAg positive and negative cases reacted similarly. In 6 patients the addition of 5 mug aggregated IgG significantly reduced cytotoxicity from 54% +/- 15 to 13% +/- 15 (mean +/- 1S.D.) suggesting that K cells may be the effector cell in an antibody-dependent, cell-mediated reaction directed against a liver-specific membrane lipoprotein. PMID- 55717 TI - Improvement in insulin secretion in diabetes after diazoxide. AB - Diazoxide 5 mg/kg/day was administered to four normal subjects for five days and, together with insulin, to ten diabetic subjects for seven days. In every case there was a substantial increase in the insulin response to combined stimulation of the pancreatic beta cells with 1 mg of glucagon and 2 g of tolbutamide given intravenously. Similar increases were not seen in four diabetics who received placebo with insulin. It is likely that the observed improvements reflected increased insulin stores which resulted from diazoxide inhibition of insulin release. These findings suggest that poor insulin responses in diabetics may be due, at least in part, to chronic overstimulation of the beta cells. Pharmacological agents such as diazoxide, which inhibit glucose-induced insulin release, may have a place in preserving and restoring insulin secretion in diabetes. PMID- 55718 TI - Diminished effect of gentamicin under anaerobic or hypercapnic conditions. AB - The in-vitro activity of gentamicin, judged by M.I.C. determinations, was much reduced when a normal aerobic atmosphere was replaced either by air +4% CO2 or by anaerobic conditions. The phenomenon was greatest for Staphylococcus aureus, where a decrease in activity of up to 20-fold was found. For Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Enterobacter spp., and Proteus spp. the factor of decrease was between 15-fold and 2-5-fold. Changes in medium pH, as a result of bacterial growth, can explain these findings for some, but not all, the species tested. PMID- 55719 TI - Circulating immune complexes and symptoms in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Increased quantities of the third component of complement (C3) were found in the macromolecular fractions of plasma from patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease (H.D.) These changes provide indirect evidence that immune complexes are present in the plasma of patients with this disease; their presence is closely correlated with the symptoms of night sweats and fever which are associated with a poor prognosis. It is suggested that the detection of circulating complexes may help in assessing the severity of H.D. PMID- 55721 TI - Woodpeckers and head injury. AB - The woodpecker is an experiment in Nature, a model for the investigation of mechanisms of basic importance for head injury and its prevention. A preliminary anatomical study of the woodpecker's head suggests that it may be fruitful to explore impact protective systems which are radically different from those in common use. PMID- 55720 TI - Essential fatty acids and fetal brain growth. AB - The fetal brain accumulates long-chain (C20 and 22) polyunsaturated fatty acids- arachidonic and docosahexaenoic--during cell division. De-novo synthesis of these acids does not occur and they are thought to be either directly derived from food or by metabolism from linoleic and linolenic acids, respectively. Administration of isotopically labelled linoleic and linolenic acids to pregnant guineapigs showed that only a small proportion of the label was converted to their respective long-chain polyunsaturated derivatives in the maternal liver. The proportion was increased within the phospholipids (structural lipids) by what appeared to be amultiple processing system which increased chain length and degree of polyunsaturation from maternal liver to placenta, fetal liver, and to fetal brain. Observations in man suggest a similar trend. The porportion of long chain polyunsaturated acids increased in the phospholipids from maternal blood, cord blood, fetal liver, and fetal brain. These data show that the placenta and fetus are radically modifying the maternal phospholipids so as to achieve the high proportions of the C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the structural lipids of the developing brain. PMID- 55723 TI - Editorial: A milestone in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 55724 TI - Editorial: Who's for the locked ward? PMID- 55722 TI - Is multiple sclerosis an age-dependent host response to measles? AB - Several lines of evidence support the possibility that multiple sclerosis (M.S.) may be an age-dependent host response to measles. In animals, measles evokes different responses depending upon age at inoculation. In man, measles is already known to produce at least two age-dependent responses: risk of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is increased among those who have had measles before 2 years of age and risk of measles encephalitis increases with age, at least during adolescence. Studies of immigrant populations indicate that an event at or before adolescence but not infancy affects risk of M.S. In the tropics where M.S. is rare, measles tends to be acquired very early in life, usually before the age of 3, whereas in temperate areas, measles tends to be acquired later, after the age of 5. A retrospective study has shown that M.S. patients tend to have had measles later than controls. Mechanisms which might underlie an age-dependent host response to measles include maturation of an immune system (k.g., number of available B cells) or change in the metabolic state of a target cell (e.g., oligocytes which change from laying down myelin to maintaining it). If the hypothesis that M.S. is a host response to later measles infection is valid, then mass measles vaccination programmes should produce a decline in the rate of M.S., but the effect may not be discernible before 1980. PMID- 55725 TI - Editorial: Teaching of "Pathology". PMID- 55727 TI - Editorial: Administrators and doctors. PMID- 55726 TI - Editorial: Pregnancy after valve replacement. PMID- 55728 TI - Editorial: Septal lines. PMID- 55729 TI - Epidemic infection by a gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in three hospitals. AB - A Staphylococcus aureus strain, resistant to aminoglycosides, including gentamicin and tobramycin, and to penicillin, lincomycin, and other antibiotics, caused an outbreak of hospital infection in a surgical ward which spread to the intensive-therapy unit and to two other hospitals. 21 patients were colonised and 9 of these had overt clinical infection. Administration of antibiotics to which the staphylococcus was resistant was associated with colonisation. The use of gentamicin, tobramycin, and lincomycin in these hospitals has increased as has the occurrence of bacterial resistance to these agents. An antibiotic policy to control their use is essential to preserve their value in life-threatening infections by bacteria resistant to other agents. PMID- 55730 TI - An unsteady balance between private and public. Historical foundations and economic realities in Australia. PMID- 55731 TI - Epidemiological evaluation of immunisation and other factors in the control of whooping-cough. AB - The general incidence of whooping-cough is lower in fully immunised children, but present immunisation schedules do not adequately protect the infant below 1 year of age either from contracting infection or from its complications. In a recent outbreak in Glasgow, nearly one-third of notified cases were fully immunised. In Glasgow and probably in the U.K. as a whole, the persistance of whooping-cough in some areas is more strongly correlated with adverse socio-economic conditions that with lack of immunisation. The decline in recent years could be attributable to improvement in these conditions at least as much as to immunisation. There is no epidemiological justification for continuing mass immunisation, but there is a strong case for an intensified eradication policy which might include selective immunisation in high-risk groups and areas. PMID- 55732 TI - Computer-assisted learning in undergraduate medical teaching. AB - A programme of computer-assisted learning has been introduced for fifth-year medical students at Glasgow University during the teaching course in general practice. The programme allows students to make decisions on all aspects of patient care, and has the potential for combining a learning situation with an objective evaluation of skills and attitudes. The programme is popular with students and could have considerable potential in medical education. PMID- 55733 TI - Letter: E.M.I. and radioisotope brain imaging. PMID- 55735 TI - Letter: Diagnostic x-rays in pregnancy. PMID- 55734 TI - Letter: Pollution in our operating theatres. PMID- 55736 TI - Letter: Oral contraceptives and malignant hepatoma. PMID- 55737 TI - Letter: Oral contraceptives and benign liver tumour. PMID- 55738 TI - Letter: Arms and the bronchi. PMID- 55739 TI - Letter: Nocturnal wheeze and mite sensitivity. PMID- 55740 TI - Letter: Handicapped school leavers. PMID- 55741 TI - Letter: Health: a demystification of medical technology. PMID- 55742 TI - Letter: Safety of hair dyes. PMID- 55743 TI - Letter: Soviet abuse of psychiatry. PMID- 55744 TI - Letter: HLA-B27 and modified bone formation. PMID- 55745 TI - Letter: Low incidence of HLA-B27 in American Blacks with spondyloarthropathies. PMID- 55747 TI - Letter: Parkinsonism induced by fluphenazine decanoate. PMID- 55746 TI - Letter: Growth-hormone responses in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 55748 TI - Letter: Bromocriptine in acromegaly. PMID- 55749 TI - Letter: Dopamine-induced inhibition of prolactin and growth hormone secretion in acromegaly. PMID- 55750 TI - Letter: Secretory component and sudden infant death. PMID- 55751 TI - Letter: Detection of e antigen by immunofluorescence in cytoplasm of hepatocytes of HBsAg carriers. PMID- 55752 TI - Letter: Acute bacterial meningitis in childhood. PMID- 55754 TI - Letter: Cerebral thrombosis, cerebral haemorrhages and ABO blood-groups. PMID- 55753 TI - Letter: Acute hepatitis B after administration of gammaglobulin. PMID- 55755 TI - Letter: Plasma-zinc in acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 55756 TI - Letter: Prostaglandins and aspirin-induced asthma. PMID- 55757 TI - Letter: Clotrimazole and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 55758 TI - Letter: Dietary lectins and colonic cancer. PMID- 55759 TI - Letter: Laboratory-acquired hepatitis B. PMID- 55760 TI - Letter: Neonatal resuscitation. PMID- 55761 TI - Letter: Quick assessment of vitamin-C status. PMID- 55762 TI - Letter: Serum triiodothyronine and surgery. PMID- 55763 TI - Letter: Serum-phenytoin. PMID- 55764 TI - Letter: Blood-transfusion and hepatitis. PMID- 55765 TI - Letter: Intentional radioiodine ablation in Graves' disease. PMID- 55766 TI - Letter: 'Bacteruritest' strips. PMID- 55768 TI - Letter: Salbutamol aerosol in premature labour. PMID- 55767 TI - Letter: Herpes-simplex encephalitis. PMID- 55769 TI - Letter: Breast prostheses. PMID- 55771 TI - Letter: Normal pulmonary-capillary pressures in the late phase of neurogenic pulmonary oedema. PMID- 55770 TI - Letter: Hypernatraemia and "glucose water". PMID- 55772 TI - Letter: Hypoglycaemic agents in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 55773 TI - Letter: Potassium strictures of the upper alimentary tract. PMID- 55774 TI - Daniel Fowler Cappell. PMID- 55775 TI - John Clifford Hoyle. PMID- 55776 TI - Joseph Reginald Nassim. PMID- 55777 TI - William John Brownlow Riddell. PMID- 55778 TI - Serum-high-density-lipoprotein and atherosclerotic heart-disease. AB - Serum-high-density-lipoprotein (H.D.L.) concentrations were determined in 49 men who had had a myocardial infarction and in 102 healthy, middle-aged men, all from Northern Sweden. A quantitative immunological assay based on a monospecific antiserum to the main polypeptide (apoprotein A-I) of H.D.L. was used. The mean H.D.L. concentration was significantly lower in the men with coronary heart disease than in the controls. The results accord with the hypothesis that high levels of H.D.L. to some extent protect against ischaemic heart-disease. PMID- 55779 TI - Acute traumatic intracranial haematoma without skull fracture. AB - 307 cases of acute traumatic intracranial haematoma in patients admitted to the Institute of Neurological Sciences in Glasgow have been analysed for various presenting features. 57 (19%) had no fracture, and 14 had neither a fracture nor neurological symptoms and signs immediately after the injury. Apart from the children, immediate admission and observation of these 14 cases for a period of 24 hours rarely led to the early detection of a haematoma. PMID- 55780 TI - Comparison of oxprenolol and methyldopa in hypertension. A within-patient double blind trial. AB - Oxprenolol or methyldopa were administered in double-blind fashion to 29 patients shown to be persistently hypertensive. After a dose-finding, assessment, and washout period, the second drug was given. 24 patients completed a period of treatment with each drug. Blood-pressure falls were similar with each drug in the supine, standing, and post-exercise state. Half the patients responded will to low dosage (oxprenolol less than or equal to 320 mg, methyldopa less than or equal to 1 g, a day) and 9 of 11 such patients responded satisfactorily to each drug. In those whose response was inadequate, oxprenolol was increased to 960 mg or methyldopa to 3 g a day. Increasing dosage had no consistent pressure-lowering effect. Side-effects were assessed by questionnaire and no clear preference emerged. It is recommended that an inadequate response to modest dosage of either drug should lead to the use of an additional agent rather than heavier dosage. PMID- 55781 TI - HLA-DW3 associated with coeliac disease. AB - 28 patients with coeliac disease (C.D.) were typed for the HLA-A, -B, and -D loci by several techniques. It was found that C.D. is primarily associated with the DW3 determinant and only secondarily with HLA-B8. The previously described association with HLA-B8 is explained by linkage disequilibrium between HLA-B8 and DW3. PMID- 55782 TI - Terminal transferase in human bone-marrow lymphocytes. AB - Activity of the enzyme terminal transferase (TdT) has been localised in normal human bone-marrow lymphocytes. These cells may represent a prothymocyte population, which, on malignant transformation, may give rise to acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, and to some cases of chronic granulocytic leukaemia in the blastic phase. PMID- 55783 TI - Oral contraceptives, antithrombin- III activity, and postoperative deep-vein thrombosis. AB - Deep-vein thrombosis (D.V.T.) was detected by the fibrinogen-uptake test in six out of a total of thirty-one young women undergoing emergency abdominal surgery who gave a history of recent oral contraceptive intake. In contrast, no D.V.T. developed in nineteen similar patients who were not on oral contraceptives (P less than 0-01). Plasma-antithrombin-III activity was significantly lower preoperatively in patients taking oral contraceptives; postoperative D.V.T. subsequently developed in three out of five patients with preoperative antithrombin-III activity below 50%. In seventy-eight dental patients undergoing molar extraction, antithrombin-III activity was measured before, during, and after operation. Activity fell in all patients during operation, but the fall was significantly greater in women taking oral contraceptives (P less than 0-01). The intra-operative fall in antithrombin-III activity was prevented by a small preoperative dose of subcutaneous heparin. PMID- 55784 TI - Transient hydrocephalus in premature infants: Treatment by lumbar punctures. AB - Three premature infants with post-haemorrhagic hydrocephalus were treated by removing large volumes of cerebrospinal fluid with repeated lumbar punctures. After this treatment, a computerised tomographic brain scan showed that ventricle size had decreased, and subsequent head growth was normal in all three patients. The results suggest that acquired hydrocephalus in premature infants may be transient and that ventricular shunts may not be necessary in all cases. PMID- 55785 TI - Absence of ristocetin aggregation factor from the skin of a patient with von Willebrand's disease. AB - Samples of apparently normal skin from one patient with von Willebrand's disease (vWD) and five patients without vWD were examined with fluorescein-tagged antiserum to the component of factor VIII required for aggregation of platelets by ristocetin (VIII-R.A.F.). No evidence of VIII-R.A.F. was found in the vWD skin, while bright granules were seen on and/or in the endothelial cells of dermal capillaries in all patients without vWD. VIII-R.A.F. granules were also found in the interstitial vasculature of all of twelve renal-biopsy specimens from patients without vWD. These observations support the concept that an abnormality of the vascular endothelium is involved in the pathogenesis of vWD. PMID- 55786 TI - Efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. AB - The magnitude of the fall in blood-pressure in response to an antihypertensive drug depends on the level of the pretreatment pressure, and there is a direct relationship between the two in that the higher the pretreatment pressure the greater the fall in pressure in response to treatment. This simple relationship is inherent in the practical situation of titrating the diastolic blood-pressures of a group of hypertensive patients to a predetermined level. It is assumed that notionally the dose of an antihypertensive drug can be increased in all patients until the diastolic pressure is reduced to the predetermined level. When the fall in diastolic pressure (deltaD.P.) is plotted against pretreatment diastolic pressure (P.T.D.P.), the points for all patients lie on a straight line of slope unity and negative deltaD.P.-intercept numerically equal to the predetermined diastolic-pressure level. This straight-line relationship is termed the predetermined ideal response line. Analysis of data from clinical trials shows that, despite the variability inherent in the practical situation, the data appear to conform to this straight-line relationship. The method of assessing the efficacy of antihypertensive agents is essentially a comparison of each experimental point with the theoretical predetermined response line. In its simplest form the method consists in constructing a scatter diagram of deltaD.P. against P.T.D.P. for all patients. Patients can then be classified as responders or non-responders according to their position on the diagram relative to the predetermined response line. This method of assessing the efficacy of antihypertensive agents has several advantages, the most important of which is that it provides a simple method for displaying all the relevant information in a readily comparable form. PMID- 55787 TI - Editorial: Prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis. Faith, hope, and charitable interpretations. PMID- 55788 TI - Editorial: Consultants or pairs of hands? PMID- 55789 TI - Editorial: A.L.G. and transplantation. PMID- 55791 TI - Editorial: Magnesium deficiency. PMID- 55790 TI - Editorial: The function of A.F.P. PMID- 55792 TI - Editorial: Dusty mycobacteria. PMID- 55793 TI - In Australia now. PMID- 55794 TI - The eupeptide system: A general theory of gastrointestinal hormones. AB - Increasing knowledge of gastrointestinal "hormones" suggests a system which differs in many, if not most, respects from other endocrine systems. The established model of endocrine function, derived from studies of the hormones regulating growth, metabolism, and sexual function, is inappropriate; attempts to apply concepts such as the importance of plasma-hormone concentrations to the digestive tract have met with limited success. A new model of the gastrointestinal polypeptide system is proposed in which local "paracrine" action may be no less important, or more important, than distant "endocrine" action, and in which modulation of integrated neural control is a major function. The application of the word "hormone" to this polypeptide system is a devaluation of the term and an obstacle to the design of relevant physiological studies; an alternative nomenclature is proposed. PMID- 55795 TI - Letter: Compulsory detention. PMID- 55796 TI - Letter: Political pathology? PMID- 55798 TI - Letter: Hydatidiform mole: two entities. PMID- 55797 TI - Letter: E.E.G. and "brain life". PMID- 55800 TI - Letter: Paracetamol and the heart. PMID- 55799 TI - Letter: Cysteamine for paracetamol poisoning. PMID- 55801 TI - Letter: Measuring plasma-paracetamol. PMID- 55802 TI - Letter: Diarrhoea caused by Candida. PMID- 55803 TI - Letter: Education on the periphery. PMID- 55804 TI - Letter: Family planning in hospitals. PMID- 55805 TI - Letter: "e" antigen. PMID- 55806 TI - Letter: How does blood-pressure cause stroke? PMID- 55807 TI - Letter: TM and hypertension. PMID- 55808 TI - Letter: Bowel mucosa in Crohn's disease. PMID- 55809 TI - Letter: Bran and the irritable bowel. PMID- 55810 TI - Letter: Cytotoxic white-cell antibodies in presence of functional renal allografts. PMID- 55811 TI - Letter: Endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. PMID- 55812 TI - Letter: Fatal embolism despite low-dose heparin. PMID- 55813 TI - Letter: Trisomy-20 syndrome in man. PMID- 55814 TI - Letter: Objectivity in pathology. PMID- 55815 TI - Letter: Teaching of pathology. PMID- 55816 TI - Letter: Management of acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 55817 TI - Letter: Buffer therapy and intraventricular haemorrhage. PMID- 55818 TI - Letter: HL-A B27 and modified bone formation. PMID- 55819 TI - Letter: Gentamicin-resistant Staphylococci. PMID- 55820 TI - Letter: Do alpha-stereospecific glucoreceptors exist? PMID- 55821 TI - Letter: E-rosette-forming lymphocytes in mother and newborn. PMID- 55822 TI - Letter: Peak-dose dysphonia in parkinsonism. PMID- 55824 TI - Letter: Chlorpheniramine-induced bone-marrow suppression. PMID- 55823 TI - Letter: Impending heart-attacks. PMID- 55825 TI - Letter: Clinical use of an indwelling umbilical-artery electrode. PMID- 55826 TI - Letter: Severe hypoglycaemia due to beta-blocking drugs in haemodialysis patients. PMID- 55827 TI - Letter: Double-blind trials. PMID- 55828 TI - Letter: Fluphenazine decanoate. PMID- 55829 TI - Letter: Apparatus for rapid collection of blood-samples for lactate and pyruvate determinations. PMID- 55830 TI - Letter: Rising rates of congenital dislocation of the hip? PMID- 55831 TI - Letter: Tobramycin/cephalothin nephrotoxicity. PMID- 55832 TI - Letter: Hypercalcaemia. PMID- 55833 TI - Letter: Levamisole and bone-marrow restoration after chemotherapy. PMID- 55835 TI - John Cecil Rankin Buchanan. PMID- 55834 TI - Montague Maizels. PMID- 55836 TI - HLA matching and corneal grafting. AB - A series of 200 cases of full-thickness corneal allografts have been followed to determine whether HLA and ABO incompatibility influence prognosis of the grafts. 85% of patients with avascular corneas had clear, functioning grafts one year after transplantation. Only 33% of patients with severely vascularised corneas had successful grafts one year after transplantation. A significant association was found between severe vascularisation of the patient's cornea and irreversible graft rejection. In this group of patients, the proportion of grafts functioning was found to be ranked according to the number of HLA antigens shared by graft donor and recipient. Patients receiving grafts matching for 2 HLA antigens showed a failure-rate due to irreversible rejection of 26% at one year, in comparison with 57% and 62% of grafts matching for 1 or 0 HLA antigens respectively. ABO incompatibility or ABO phenotype of the recipient did not influence graft prognosis. The results indicate that patients with severely vascularised corneas should receive HLA-matched corneal grafts. The institution of HLA-typed cornea "banks" for treatment of such patients is advocated. PMID- 55838 TI - Efficacy of prophylactic gamma-globulin in preventing non-A, non-B post transfusion hepatitis. AB - Of 279 cardiac-surgery patients receiving a mean of twelve transfusions, 47 had significantly increased transaminase concentrations 14 to 180 days postoperatively and 10 were icteric. Preoperatively, each patient randomly received high-titre HbsAb gamma-globulin, normal gamma-globulin, or placebo and was followed at intervals for 9 months. Only 3 patients had serological evidence of hepatitis-B infection. 3 additional patients had serological evidence of cytomegalovirus infection, while none had evidence of hepatitis-A or Epstein-Barr infection. Less icteric hepatitis occurred in patients receiving the gamma globulin preparations (P = 0-003), and the overall frequency of hepatitis was significantly reduced when compared with recipients of placebo. The protective effects of the two gamma-globulin preparations were not significantly different. Most post-transfusion hepatitis tody is neither viral hepatitis type B nor type A, and its severity and transmission are reduced by pre-transfusion gamma globulin. PMID- 55837 TI - Enhanced preservation of the ischaemic kidney with inosine. AB - The function of rat kidneys subjected to 60 minutes of warm ischaemia at body temperature was notably protected by the prior administration of the purine nucleoside inosine as a 40 mg/ml solution maintained at 37 degrees C. With direct intrarenal arterial perfusion of the kidney at the onset of ischaemia or with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection 40 minutes before ischaemia, the plasma creatinine at 24 hours was significantly lower (P less than 0-001) than that of untreated 60-minute-ischaemia controls and not significantly different from that of non-ischaemic unilateral-nephrectomy controls. Intravenous inosine 20 minutes beforehand also afforded significant (P less than 0-01) protection. 7-day survival was 100% in 30 inosine-pretreated rats and 65% in 45 rats with all other types of pre-treatment (P less than 0-001). Although i.p. adenosine was better (P less than 0-05) than no treatment, i.p. inosine was better (P less than 0-02) than i.p. adenosine. Allopurinol, phenoxybenzamine, A.T.P., or cyclic A.M.P. caused no improvement over controls. Kidneys perfused with inosine maintained higher purine-nucleotide levels during ischaemia and rapidly resynthesised A.T.P. when blood-flow was restored in vivo. PMID- 55839 TI - Mussel-associated viral hepatitis, type A: serological confirmation. AB - 7 members of a family of 14 developed acute viral hepatitis approximately one month after a family outing. Epidemiological investigation incriminated incompletely cooked mussels (Mytilus edulis) as the vehicle of infection and revealed a statistically significant difference in attack-rates between mussel ingesters (70%) and non-ingesters (0%) (P=0-035). The aetiological role of hepatitis-A virus, suspected on epidemiological grounds, was serologically confirmed by the demonstration of rises in titres of serum-antibody to hepatitis A antigen (serologically related to the MS-1 strain of hepatitis-A virus), determined by immune adherence haemagglutination. PMID- 55841 TI - Do "anorectic" drugs produce weight loss by appetite suppression? AB - A peripheral action on glucose metabolism may play an improtant part in the weight loss associated with treatment with some antiobesity drugs such as fenfluramine and mazindol. In therapeutic concentrations these agents increase glucose uptake into animal and human skeletal muscle. This action is distinct from their effects on central transmitters and from the reduction in food intake in animals. PMID- 55840 TI - Deterioration of glucose tolerance in hypertensive patients on prolonged diuretic treatment. AB - Glucose tolerance was investigated in 51 hypertensive patients before and after 1 and 6 years of treatment with oral diuretics. Glucose tolerance was unchanged after 1 year but had deteriorated significantly after 6 years' therapy. In a comparable group of 16 patients tested at similar intervals in which diuretic therapy had been given only for 3 of the 6 years there was no change in glucose tolerance, suggesting that prolonged oral treatment with thiazide diuretics is diabetogenic. PMID- 55843 TI - Editorial: Seventeen principles about cancer, or something. PMID- 55842 TI - An alternative mechanism for gluten toxicity in coeliac disease. AB - The pathogenesis of gluten-sensitive enteropathies is unknown, although a peptidase deficiency and an immune defect have been postulated. The effect of plant-derived lectins on cells has led to an alternative concept in which a defect of the cell surface membrane allows gluten to act as a lectin and this reaction initiates cell toxicity. The proposed abnormality is viewed as a structural change produced by incomplete oligosaccharide chains in surface membrane glycoproteins. PMID- 55844 TI - Editorial: Late complications of female sterilisation. PMID- 55846 TI - Editorial: All genes for all men? PMID- 55847 TI - Editorial: Paediatric training and the general practitioner. PMID- 55845 TI - Editorial: Fistula-in-ano. PMID- 55848 TI - Editorial: Pain relief after thoracotomy. PMID- 55849 TI - The hunt for renal hypertension. AB - The proportion of cases of hypertension with a renal cause which can be corrected by surgery is very small. Radiological diagnosis of such a cause is expensive and time-consuming; hence the rewards of intensive investigation are small compared with the cost. Measurement of plasma-renin offers a good method of selecting those patients who require further investigation, if the cut-off point is carefully considered in the light of the acceptable incidence of false-positive and false-negative results. PMID- 55850 TI - Gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens in a general hospital. AB - From Aug. 1, 1974, to July 31, 1975, inclusive, 19-1% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 50-0% of Serratia marcescens isolates from a general hospital were gentamicin resistant as determined by standardised disc testing; 80% of 118 different clinical isolates showed minimum inhibitory concentrations larger than or equal to 16 mug/ml of gentamicin in agar-dilution testing. All gentamicin-resistant S. marcescens and 79% of Ps. aeruginosa isolates were susceptible to amikacin, while tobramycin and sisomicin were shown to have little advantage over gentamicin. A wide variety of immunotypes was found for Ps. aeruginosa, but only two predominant types were found for S. marcescens. Most isolates originated from the urinary tract, but nine which came from urine or wounds were also isolated from blood. Resistant strains seemed to be as virulent as sensitive strains. A common source was not found. Clinical improvement was noted in 13 of 17 patients treated with amikacin. The high frequency of gentamicin resistance is a continuing problem in this hospital and soon may be in others. PMID- 55851 TI - Letter: Priorities and childhood renal failure. PMID- 55852 TI - Letter: E.M.I. and radioisotope brain scanning. PMID- 55853 TI - Letter: Who's for the locked ward? PMID- 55854 TI - Letter: Brain damage in sport. PMID- 55856 TI - Letter: Cost of infant feeding. PMID- 55855 TI - Letter: Quick assessment of vitamin-C status. PMID- 55857 TI - Letter: Vitamin C for common colds. PMID- 55858 TI - Letter: Complement in angio-oedema. PMID- 55859 TI - Letter: Reticulum-cell sarcoma in a father and Hodgkin's disease in his son. PMID- 55860 TI - Letter: Bran and the irritable bowel. PMID- 55861 TI - Letter: Dopamine and inhibition of prolactin and growth-hormone secretion. PMID- 55862 TI - Letter: 5-Fluorouracil versus immunotherapy for non-clinical vaginal cancer. PMID- 55863 TI - Letter: Aluminium toxicity. PMID- 55864 TI - Letter: Injecting the painful shoulder. PMID- 55865 TI - Letter: TM and hypertension. PMID- 55866 TI - Letter: Acute autonomic dysfunction in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 55867 TI - Letter: Attitudes to children's accidents. PMID- 55868 TI - Letter: Lead in water and mental retardation. PMID- 55869 TI - Letter: Mite avoidance and asthma. PMID- 55870 TI - Letter: Screening for hypertension. PMID- 55872 TI - Letter: Periodic fever suppressed by reserpine. PMID- 55871 TI - Letter: Birth control and genetic changes in Chile. PMID- 55873 TI - Letter: Surgery for gastric ulcer. PMID- 55874 TI - Letter: Multiple sclerosis with hypocomplementaemia. PMID- 55875 TI - Letter: Decreased serum-IgA in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 55877 TI - Letter: Levamisole in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 55876 TI - Letter: Hazards of parenteral glucose in neonatal lactic acidaemia. PMID- 55878 TI - Letter: a,y, and d determinants in liver cells of HBsAg carriers. PMID- 55879 TI - Letter: Clonidine withdrawal and blockade. PMID- 55880 TI - Letter: Diagnostic x-rays in pregnancy. PMID- 55881 TI - Letter: Indices of fetal maturation in diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 55882 TI - Letter: Herpes-simplex-virus antigens in normal cervical cells. PMID- 55883 TI - Letter: Storage and haemoglobin. PMID- 55884 TI - Letter: Routine alpha-fetoprotein studies in amniotic fluid. PMID- 55885 TI - Letter: Thalassaemia in Italy. PMID- 55886 TI - Letter: Raised amniotic-fluid alpha-fetoprotein in Turner syndrome. PMID- 55888 TI - James Vincent O'Sullivan. PMID- 55887 TI - Arthur James Dalzell-Ward. PMID- 55889 TI - Mortality in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. AB - Thirty-seven diabetics with symptoms and clinical features suggestive of autonomic neuropathy were followed up for 33 months. Of the twenty with abnormal Valsalva or handgrip tests initially, ten (50%) died. There were no other features at presentation that differentiated those who subsequently died from those who survived. The causes of death were renal failure (six patients), cerebrovascular accident (two patients), hypoglycaemic coma (one patient), and "sudden death" (one patient). Of the survivors whose autonomic-function tests were repeated 18 months to 2 years later, five had new or worsening symptoms of autonomic neuropathy with corresponding deterioration of their autonomic-function tests; while two, with initially normal tests, had improved symptomatically. It is concluded that in diabetics with the clinical features of autonomic neuropathy simple autonomic-function tests give a good guide to prognosis, and that abnormal tests are associated with a high mortality. PMID- 55890 TI - Lithium carbonate in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. A controlled trial. AB - Of 24 patients with newly diagnosed thyrotoxicosis, 13 were randomly selected for treatment with methimazole 40 mg per day, and 11 for treatment with lithium carbonate in such doses that the serum lithium lay between 0-5 and 1-3 meq. per litre. The lithium treatment brought about a fall in serum-thyroxine iodine (T4I) of 27.0%, and in the free-thyroxine index (F.T.I.) of 38.1% after 10 days. A comparison of the two patient groups with regard to the fall in F.T.I. after 3 and 10 days showed no statistically significant difference; similarly the calculated confidence limits appeared to exclude any difference of clinical importance. 8 of the 11 patients subjected to lithium treatment had side-effects, so that the general condition, which was already affected by the hyperthyroidism, was worsened. It is concluded that lithium cannot be considered superior to thiocarbamides for the rapid control of thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 55891 TI - Psychiatric screening in general practice. A controlled trial. AB - This study reports the efficacy of the General Health Questionnaire (G.H.Q.) in the secondary prevention of minor psychiatric illness in a primary-care setting. 1093 consecutive attenders at a general practitioner's surgery were screened for minor psychiatric disorder using the G.H.Q. 32% were found to have a conspicuous psychiatric disorder and a further 11% had a hidden psychiatric disorder. The group with hidden disorders were randomly assigned to a treated index group and an untreated control group. The effects of case detection and treatment were beneficial and immediate, with the duration of episode of the disorder being much shorter for patients whose disorder was recognised by the general practitioner. For patients with more severe disorders there are significant differences still demonstrable between the groups one year later; but patients with mild disorders do equally well, some recovering spontaneously but others becoming manifest to the general practitioner over the next year and so receiving treatment. The "detected" group of patients increased their consultations for emotional complaints over the next year, but their total consultation-rate was not increased. PMID- 55892 TI - Breast-cancer osteolysis, bone metastases, and anti-osteolytic effect of aspirin. AB - 23 (60%) of 38 human breast carcinomas had significant in-vitro osteolytic activity. All patients presenting with bone metastases or hypercalcaemia had active tumours. Over a subsequent three-year follow-up period, bone metastases did not develop in any of the 15 patients with inactive tumours, and metastases at other sites developed in only 2. Of the 23 patients with active tumours, 7 either had, or have since developed bone metastases; in 4 of these hypercalcaemia also developed. 14 tumours, chosen at random, were tested for in-vitro osteolytic activity in the presence and absence of aspirin, which inhibits prostaglandin synthetase. The activity of 8 of the 9 osteolytically active tumours was significantly, though not completely inhibited by aspirin. Although the number of patients is limited, these results indicate that the in-vitro osteolysis assay may detect substances, perhaps including prostaglandins, produced by breast tumours which affect prognosis and contribute to the subsequent formation of bone metastases. PMID- 55893 TI - Hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal function in patients treated with intermittent high-dose prednisolone and cytotoxic chemotherapy. AB - Hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal (H.P.A.) function was assessed in ten patients receiving intermittent high-dose prednisolone and cytotoxic chemotherapy for myeloma of lymphoma in order to predict their possible requirement for additional steroid therapy between and at the end of treatment courses. Standard insulin hypoglycaemia tests performed 36 hours after the last dose of prednisolone often demonstrated impairment of corticotrophin (adrenocorticotrophic hormone, A.C.T.H.) and growth-hormone responses, indicating hypothalamic/pituitary suppression; plasma-corticosteroid responses to endogenous A.C.T.H. and tetracosactrin were abnormal in two patients, indicating secondary adrenal suppression. Such hypothalamic/pituitary and adrenal suppression may make these patients susceptible to acute adrenal insufficiency in times of stress. H.P.A. function should be fully assessed on completion of chemotherapy. PMID- 55894 TI - Laparoscopy in liver disease. AB - Laparoscopy was technically successful in 73 of 75 patients in whom liver disease was suspected but not accurately diagnosed after medical investigation. In 46 patients (63%) the final histological diagnosis was either diffuse parenchymatous disease (cirrhosis/hepatitis) or metastatic malignant disease; 2 had a curable medical disease (tuberculous ascites); and 6 had a curable surgical disease (5 with gallstones and 1 with an ectopic adrenal tumour). There were no deaths and no serious complications. With increasingly accurate non-invasive techniques for localising lesions in the liver, laparoscopy, with directed biopsy, should help to provide correspondingly accurate histological confirmation. PMID- 55895 TI - Lithium as an adjunct to radioiodine therapy for thyrotoxicosis. AB - 16 patients with diffuse thyroid hyperplasia were given lithium carbonate (400 mg daily) for 1 week before and 1 week after a standardised 5 mCi therapy dose of 131I. A comparable control group of 16 patients were treated with 5 mCi of 131I without lithium therapy. The % retention of the therapy dose was measured in all patients at 7 days (168-hour 131I uptake). In the lithium-treated group the 24 hour 131I uptake showed no significant change after the first week of lithium therapy. The mean 48-hour protein-bound 131I, however, fell considerably from 1 21 to 0.55%/dose/1. The mean 24-168 hour % thyroidal 131I uptake drop was significantly less in the lithium group. These results show that low-dosage lithium therapy increases the retention of a standard-therapy dose of 131I. Lithium promises to be a useful adjunct to 131I therapy in patients with a rapid thyroidal iodine turnover and particularly in young patients where the total body radiation dose must be kept to a minimum. PMID- 55896 TI - Paget's bone disease treated with diphosphonate and calcitonin. AB - Patients with biochemically active Paget's disease were treated with a combination of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (E.H.D.P.) and synthetic human calcitonin in low doses. The effect on biochemistry was greater and more consistent than that of even higher doses of human calcitonin. Bone biopsy showed decrease or even disappearance of abnormal osteoblasts and osteoclasts from pagetic lesions, and the addition of calcitonin to E.H.D.P. prevented the development of mineralisation defects. PMID- 55897 TI - Editorial: Which prosthetic valve? PMID- 55898 TI - Editorial: Science and preventive medicine. PMID- 55900 TI - Editorial: N.Z.N.H.S.? PMID- 55899 TI - Editorial: Responsibility for mineral-oil cancers. PMID- 55901 TI - Editorial: The Glasgow protest. PMID- 55902 TI - Whole-person medicine and psychiatry for medical students. AB - Doctors predominantly going to work in the community are taught technologically advanced medicine in specialised hospitals. The subject-matter has to be fragmented in order to be teachable, but somebody has to put the whole person together again. The task is taken on by university departments of psychiatry and mental health. A teaching programme has been evolved in Bristol to meet these needs and to teach clinical psychiatry. PMID- 55903 TI - Muscle weakness in osteomalacia. AB - The muscle weakness that frequently accompanies osteomalacia and rickets may arise from a variety of causes. Particularly in patients with muscle weakness, identification of the metabolic disorder is important, since effective treatment is often possible. PMID- 55904 TI - Enterotoxin testing of Escherichia coli causing epidemic infantile enteritis in the U.K. AB - Three test systems were used to study enterotoxin production by epidemic strains of Escherichia coli from cases of infantile enteritis in well-documented outbreaks in the U.K. The tests used were the Y1-mouse-adrenal-cell test and the Chinese-hamster-ovary-cell (C.H.O.) test for the detection of heat-labile enterotoxin and the infant-mouse test for the detection of heat-stable enterotoxin. All 6 outbreaks had been studied using full serotyping techniques and the results had been published. In each outbreak the epidemiological studies clearly implicated a particular serotype of E. Coli as the epidemic strain and cultures of that serotype were tested for enterotoxin production. Although a control strain validated by other workers was positive in all three systems, the epidemic strains from infantile enteritis were negative. It seems that the three enterotoxin tests used in this study are of little value in recognising strains of E. coli causing epidemics of infantile enteritis in the U.K. PMID- 55905 TI - Hospital medical staff: A time for reappraisal. PMID- 55906 TI - Letter: Neural crest, limb development, and thalidomide embryopathy. PMID- 55907 TI - Letter: Cancer detection. PMID- 55908 TI - Letter: Neural-crest injury and congenital malformations. PMID- 55909 TI - Letter: Carcinoembryonic antigen determination and clinical treatment for cancer. PMID- 55910 TI - Birth-weight and diabetes. PMID- 55911 TI - Letter: Coeliac disease unmasked by self-challenge with wheat germ. PMID- 55912 TI - Letter: Exercise and the heart. PMID- 55913 TI - Letter: E.M.I. and radioisotope brain imaging. PMID- 55914 TI - Letter: Family planning in hospitals. PMID- 55916 TI - Letter: Double-blind trials. PMID- 55915 TI - Letter: Blood-sampling for lactate and pyruvate. PMID- 55917 TI - Letter: Haematology: origins of an impasse. PMID- 55918 TI - Letter: Safety of hair dyes. PMID- 55919 TI - Letter: Rifampicin: for tuberculosis only? PMID- 55920 TI - Letter: Origin of teratomas. PMID- 55921 TI - Letter: Trisomy-20 syndrome in man. PMID- 55922 TI - Letter: Magnesium in heart muscle. PMID- 55923 TI - Letter: Prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 55924 TI - Letter: Somatostatin and diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 55925 TI - Letter: Magnesium deficiency. PMID- 55926 TI - Letter: Who's for the locked ward? PMID- 55927 TI - Letter: Patient-controlled intravenous narcotic administration during labour. PMID- 55928 TI - Letter: Caesarean section. PMID- 55929 TI - Letter: Synergistic action of insulin and glucagon in hepatic regeneration. PMID- 55930 TI - Letter: Fatal aplastic anaemia and D-penicillamine. PMID- 55931 TI - Letter: Apatite deposition disease. PMID- 55932 TI - Letter: Hazards of fetal scalp electrodes. PMID- 55933 TI - Letter: Streptococcus milleri liver abscesses. PMID- 55934 TI - Letter: Adriamycin in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 55935 TI - Letter: Nocturnal wheeze and mite sensitivity. PMID- 55936 TI - Letter: Ill-health and child abuse. PMID- 55937 TI - Letter: Cimetidine, metiamide and gastric ulcer. PMID- 55938 TI - Letter: Inhibition of human neutrophil chemotaxis by influenza virus. PMID- 55939 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of hepatic amoebiasis. PMID- 55940 TI - Letter: Levamisole for rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 55941 TI - [Studies on the patency of the reuniting duct (author's transl)]. AB - Using human temporal bone specimens the patency of the reuniting duct was studied. The endolymph was marked by various dyes and fluorescent substance, during the application the cochlea remained closed. It is shown that the substances in the endolymph flow from the first turn of the cochlear duct via the reuniting duct into the saccule. The patency of the reuniting duct is confirmed by histological serial sections, and the clinical significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 55942 TI - [Antigens of the subcellular fractions of Trypanosoma cruzi. I. Localization of antigens and proteins in the subcellular fractions]. PMID- 55943 TI - [Antigenic properties of the cells of 4 variants of Bacillus brevis var. G.-B]. AB - The antigenic composition was studied among the cells of four variants of Bacillus brevis var. G.-B. (R, S, P+, P-). The variants have a common antigen. Each variant has also an additional antigen. These data confirm that the variants of Bac. brevis var. G.-B. are related. PMID- 55944 TI - [Detection of serological affinity between viruses affecting fungi of the genus Penicillium]. PMID- 55945 TI - [The use of rivanol for the removal of ECHO virus hemagglutination inhibitors from immune sera]. PMID- 55946 TI - [Effect of the antistaphylococcal gamma-globulin and its combinations with solafur on penicillinase activity of staphylococci]. PMID- 55947 TI - [Immunity indices under immunotherapy of surgical staphylococcal infection in children]. PMID- 55948 TI - [Serological activity of different antigenic preparations of Proteus in precipitation tests]. PMID- 55949 TI - [Letter: The site of origin of ventricular extrasystole]. PMID- 55950 TI - [Educational style and child behavior]. PMID- 55951 TI - [The antiarrhythmic effect of digitalis in acute myocardial infarction with cardiac failure (author's transl)]. AB - In 59 digitalized and 3 non digitalized patients the effect of digitalis during the 1st to 4th days after transmural myocardial infarction was controlled. Rhythm disturbances in acute myocardial infarction may arise secondary to a complicating cardiac failure and may be influenced by digitalis. In 9 of 17 cases (53 p.c.) with ventricular or supraventricular extrasystoles daily doses of 0,4 mg beta Methyldigoxin or 0,4 mg Digoxin i.v. resulted in undisturbed sinus rhythm. In two cases supraventricular tachycardia and extrasystoles with rapid ventricular rate were abolished by 1,2 mg beta-Methyldigoxin within 12 hours, in three other cases an improvement was recorded. Dysrhythmias or other complications did not occur in previously non digitalized patients. When the antiarrhythmic effect of digitalis cannot be obtained cardiodepressive complications by treatment with typical antiarrhythmic agents are diminished. In patients on digitalis and in cardiogenic shock, digitalization should be performed carefully. Intoxication leads to a diminution of cardiac output and to cardiac dysrhythmias. PMID- 55952 TI - Vibrio cholerae flagellar antigens: a serodiagnostic test, functional implications of H-reactivity and taxonomic importance of cross-reactions within the Vibrio genus. AB - Serodiagnostic tests for all serotypes of Vibrio cholerae using H-antisera were investigated. Activity motile cell lines of 155 stock and international reference cultures of human, animal, fish, and halophilic Vibrios, Aeromonas, Comomonas, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Escherichia were investigated. Without exception, all cholera vibrios (including the NAG serotypes) reacted with H sera. Positive reactions were obtained specifically (a) within 2 hrs at 52 degrees C in the tube test using thick formalized suspensions and H antisera at optimal proportion titre and (b) within 30 sec by slide agglutination of fresh cultures. The other vibrios investigated reacted similarly with their homologous H antisera. 2. The rapid diagnostic techniques of fluorescent antibody labeling or immobilization were unsuccessful, V. cholerae flagella being refractive to H sera in these tests. V. cholerae was, however, sensitive in a type-specific manner to O antisera. These and related observations suggest that O antigen has a functional role in Vibrio motility. 3. Interspecies H cross-reactions between V. cholerae and fish and animal vibrios which correlated with bacteriologic similarity, were demonstrated. O antigens of these vibrios were strain specific. Cross-absorption analysis indicated that the H antigens of vibrios were characteristic and homogenous within the species, and therefore a potentially important taxonomic criterion of Vibrio species. PMID- 55953 TI - [Comparative antigenic characteristics of different specimens of echinococcal fluid and extracts of alveococcal nodes]. PMID- 55954 TI - [Pathogenesis of larval ascariasis]. PMID- 55955 TI - [Immunogenic properties of DNA from E. coli and T4 phage, containing 5 bromouracil]. AB - 5-BUDR incorporated into E. coli or T4 phage DNAs is an immunogenic determinant. Immunodominance of 5-BUDR is determined by the chemical structure of DNA molecule into which it is incorporated. In E. coli DNA, 5-BUDR inhibits immunogenic activity of all other bases. One can conclude that in this DNA 5-BUDR is the dominant antigenic determinant. In T4 DNA, 5-BUDR acts as an additional antigenic determinant. Anti-5-BUDR-T4-DNA contains antibodies to 5-BUDR and glucosylated 5 HMC. PMID- 55956 TI - [DNA synthesis on the heterogeneous nuclear RNA template catalysed by DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus]. AB - Template activity of nuclear pre-mRNA has been investigated in DNA-polymerase reaction. Active synthesis of DNA was demonstrated on pre-mRNA as a template in the absence of primer. A part of synthetic activity may be attributed to the traces of DNA present in the pre-mRNA preparation. Addition of oligo(dT)10 to the template stimulated the synthesis of DNA product due to transcription of heteropolymeric regions near the poly(A). The rate of DNA synthesis was different depending on the fraction of template used: the RNA extracted by hot phenol at 85 degrees showed higher template activity without adding of primer than the 65 degrees C fraction. On the contrary 65 degrees C pre-mRNA which is known to contain greater quantity of molecules with poly(A) at the 3'-end is more strongly stimulated by addition of oligo(dT). The nuclear RNA corresponding to the precursors of rRNAs extracted at 40 degrees C were not transcribed by the reverse transcriptase. The size of the DNA-product (about 7-8S in alkaline sucrose gradient) did not depend on the size of the template neither on the presence of oligo(dT)10 primer. The inhibition of the second DNA strand synthesis with actinomycin D had also no influence on the size of DNA-product. PMID- 55957 TI - Humoral and cellular immune response to uveal and joint tissue antigens. AB - The antigens of uveal and joint tissues were investigated in view of the close association between anterior non-granulomatous uveitis and ankylosing spondylitis. Numerous antigenic determinants common to the uvea, the synovail membrane and articular cartilage were demonstrated using soluble and semi particulate tissue extracts. No circulating auto-anti-uveal or joint tissue antigens could be detected in the sera of patients with anterior non granulomatous uveitis or ankylosing spondylitis. Cellular hypersensitivity to uvea-retina antigens was present, however, in non-granulomatous uveitis. In ankylosing spondylitis this hypersensitivity was directed against synovial membrane antigens. In rheumatoid arthritis the hypersensitivity was directed against all three tissues (uvea-retina, synovial membrane, articular cartilage). The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 55958 TI - Quantitation of specific antibodies in the aqueous humor. AB - Six normal rabbits were injected intravitreally with bovine gamma-globulin (BGG). Quantitation of immunoglobulins A, M and G, in the aqueous and in the serum, was performed by the single radial immunodiffusion following the method described by MANCINI et. al. Concentration of anti-BGG antibodies was determined by the reversed Mancini method. The antibody quotient was calculated; it reached to 8 and 5.96 in the aqueous of the injected eyes 10 days after intravitreal injection, 22.69 and 24 days, 22.52 after 28 days and 14.93 after 31 days. PMID- 55959 TI - Experimental autoimmune uveo-retinitis and specificity of retinal antigens. AB - Chorio-retinal lesions induced in guinea pigs after one inoculation of bovine rod outer segments (ROS) with complete Freund's adjuvant are described with light and electron microscopy. The auto-antigenic activity of different preparations from bovine retina and uvea is compared for their efficacy to induce the disease. ROS are much more active than total retina homogenate. Pigment epithelium is active, and the effect of choroid is impaired after removal of pigment epithelium from the surface of the choroid. Purification of ROS by several sucrose flotations does not reduce their activity. Almost complete extraction of soluble antigens from pure ROS by buffer washings, controlled with isoelectrofocusing and immunodiffusion, decreases only slightly their pathogenicity. Rhodopsin, extracted using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide from pure washed ROS, induced prominent chorio-retinal damage at the dose of 500 mug. It seems likely that besides soluble retinal auto-antigens, outer segments contain a pathogenic insoluble antigen which seems to be linked to rhodopsin or to be rhodopsin itself. PMID- 55960 TI - Behcet's disease and immunosuppressive treatment. Our personal experience. AB - The authors describe the results obtained at the Eye Department of Rome University using immunosuppressive drugs in the treatment of Behcet's disease. Of 31 patients with the disease, 23 were treated with different immunosuppressive drugs. The results obtained suggest that chlorambucil is the best therapeutic agent in this severe disease. As compared with other immunosuppressive agents used, such as azathioprine and ALGG, chlorambucil was the least toxic, the best tolerated and the most effective one. PMID- 55961 TI - The HLA system. An introductory survey. PMID- 55962 TI - [Silver nitrate impregnated granules in the chick embryo pituitary gland]. PMID- 55963 TI - [The effect of contrast media containing iodine on selected in vitro thyroid test procedures (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of 6 commonly used contrast media on the results of 3 different methods for determination of thyroid hormone concentration in the serum is examined in vivo. T4 determination by column chromatography proved to be very liable to distortion for contrast media. With some contrast media the Res-O-Mat ETR test proved unreliable. T4 determination by means of protein binding analysis is not affected by contrast media in the direction of false raised values. PMID- 55964 TI - Mutagenicity of actinomycin D in Neurospora crassa. AB - Actinomycin D is known to bind to native DNA and is widely used as an antineoplastic agent and inhibitor of DNA-dependent RNA and protein synthesis. We report here the induction by actinomycin D of purple adenine-requiring mutants (ad-3) in wild-type Neurospora crassa. A significant increase in the frequency of ad-3 mutants was evident when the organism was grown vegetatively in the presence of actinomycin D; the mutation frequency was at least 3.6 per 106 survivors. The actinomycin D-induced ad-3 mutants were 29% ad-3A and 71% ad-3B. The ad-3B mutants were classed by complementation pattern as 25% nonpolarized complementing; 14% polarized complementing; and 61% noncomplementing. The spectrum of complementation types of the actinomycin D-induced mutants most closely parallels that of mutants induced by ICR-170, known to induce base-pair insertions or deletions, or that of X ray-induced or spontaneous mutants. It is significantly different from spectra seen following treatment with nitrous acid or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, agents known to induce mainly base-pair substitutions. PMID- 55965 TI - Mutagenic effect of epichlorohydrin. I. Testing on human lymphocytes in vitro in comparison with TEPA. AB - The mutagenic effect of the monofunctional alkylating agent epichlorohydrin was tested on human lymphocytes in vitro and compared with the mutagenic effect of the polyfunctional alkylating agent TEPA. The same descending concentrations were used for both mutagens: 10(-4), 10(-5), 10(-6), 10(-7), 10(-8), 10(-9), 10(-10) and 10(-11) M. Similar types of chromosomal aberration were found, but the effect of ECHH was 4-5 times lower than that of TEPA. ECHH was found to be a mild mutagen. Different timing of mutagen application was used in the course of 56 h of cultivation of lymphocytes: 1 h before cultivation, one hour between the 24th and 25th h of cultivation and 24 h before the end of cultivation. From the results presented we conclude that the application of the chemical for the last 24 h of human lymphocyte cultivation should be recommended for routine mutagenicity testing. PMID- 55966 TI - Banding technique used for the detection of chromosomal aberrations induced by radiation and alkylating agents TEPA and epichlorohydrin. AB - Blood samples from two healthy donors were exposed, (1) to 200 R of X-rays in G0 and G1S phases of the cell cycle, and (2) to epichlorohydrin 10(-6) M and TEPA 10(-4) M in G0 and/or in G1S and G2 phases. Part of the cells was processed for chromosome studies conventionally and the other part by the trypsinization banding technique. Detailed chromosomal analysis showed that, after irradiation, 38.2% of aberrations in G0 and 18.7% in G1S phases escaped cytogenetic detection when the conventional technique was used. After exposures to TEPA and ECHH, 10.9% of aberrations were undectable in G0 and 3.3% in G1S and G2 phases. The distribution of chromosome breaks was non-random both after irradiation and after exposure to alkylating agents. However, it differed according to the mutagen used. Some chromosomal segments were broken significantly more frequently than the others (e.g. 9q12), some were resistant to breakage (e.g. the whole Y chromsome). The segments represented by G-negative bands were more fragile than the G-positive and G-variable segments. PMID- 55967 TI - Odorous constituents of Penicillium decumbens. PMID- 55968 TI - Letter: Prevention of hepatitis B with "immune" globulin. PMID- 55969 TI - Cold urticaria: release into the circulation of histamine and eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis during cold challenge. AB - Patients with idiopathic acquired cold-induced urticaria were evaluated for the release of the preformed mast-cell mediators of immediate-type hypersensitivity during a study in which one arm was immersed in ice water while the other arm remained as a control. Blood specimens were obtained from each arm serially over a one-hour interval, and serum speciments were assessed for histamine, eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis, and complement components. Levels of histamine and eosinophil chemotactic factor rose in the arm subjected to cold immersion for three minutes, with peak values occurring between two and five minutes and returning to base line by 30 minutes. No changes occurred in the control arm or in the immersed arm of normal subjects. Assessment of the classical and alternative complement pathways showed no abnormalities. This initial observation of release of eosinophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis in vivo along with histamine assigns the mast cell a central role in cold urticaria. PMID- 55970 TI - Letter: Role of reverse transcriptase. PMID- 55971 TI - Letter: Beta2 microglobulin in pleural fluids. PMID- 55972 TI - Abortogenic activity of antiserum to alpha-foetoprotein. PMID- 55973 TI - Letter: Specificity of transfer factor. PMID- 55974 TI - Carcinogenic nitrosamides and cell cultures. PMID- 55975 TI - Transfer of blood-group determinants from plasma onto erythrocytes. PMID- 55976 TI - [Diagnosis of spina bifida and anencephalus in early pregnancy]. PMID- 55977 TI - [Chronic aseptic meningitis]. PMID- 55978 TI - [Surgical palliation in tumors of the digestive tract]. PMID- 55979 TI - [Surgical treatment of lung carcinoma]. PMID- 55980 TI - [Experience with bleomycin in head and neck tumors]. PMID- 55981 TI - Mouse MSV transformed cells resistant to 8-azaguanine. AB - Mouse cells transformed by murine sarcoma virus were made resistant to 8 azaguanine. Resistant cells and cell clones isolated from them were deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) activity. They did not grow in HATG medium, did not incorporate labeled hypoxanthine, and had negligible HGPRT activity. The resistance was genetically stable. The resistant cells were hyperdiploid and contained telocentric chromosomes only. The resistant cells as well as the progenitor cells were slightly tumorigenic in mice, the plating efficiency in soft agar was very low. The parental cells and aza-G resistant cells produced C-type viral particles having RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. The resistance to aza-G did not influenced the expression of murine sarcoma virus genome in cells. The resistant cells are suitable for preparation of cell hybrids. PMID- 55982 TI - Transformation of BHK 21/13 cells by chemical carcinogens and mutagens. AB - In vitro transformation of BHK 21/13 cells by chemical carcinogens is reported. The hamster cells were treated with MCA, BP, 4-NQO and 5-azaCR at various concentration and duration of treatment. The morphological, karyological and growth characteristics of cell lines were investigated. Search for RNA tumor viruses in transformed cells using 3H-uridine labeling, detection of DNA polymerases, electron microscopy investigations failed to detect presence of C type virus particles. PMID- 55983 TI - [Several problems in current synaptology]. PMID- 55984 TI - Early detection of hepatoma in cirrhosis by serial quantitation of alpha-1 foetoprotein in serum. PMID- 55985 TI - Early detection of hepatoma in cirrhosis by serial quantitation of alpha-1 foetoprotein in serum. PMID- 55986 TI - Immunoglobulin E in renal disease. AB - Samples of renal tissue from 373 patients were examined for the presence of immunoglobulin E (IgE) by immunofluorescent techniques. Only trace to ++ amounts ( on a scale of ++++) were found in 20 patients: 4/9 with post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (GN), 5/30 with GN associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, 3/20 with membranous GN, 1/4 with Goodpasture's syndrome, 2/18 with recurrent microhematuria and focal GN, 1/5 with hemolytic anemia and uremia, 3/73 with renal homografts, and 1/5 with dermatomyositis. No IgE was found in 18 patients with lipoid nephrosis, 8 of whom were being treated with prednisone, nor in 5 patients with focal glomerular sclerosis and the nephrotic syndrome. Serum IgE was measured in 9 of the 20 patients with glomerular deposits of this globulin. With one exception, levels of IgE were within the range generally considered to be normal. However, they were greater than the mean of this range in all but two and near the highest limits of normal in most. Neither the amounts of serum IgE nor the degree of proteinuria could be related to the intensity of stain for IgE in the glomeruli of these patients. PMID- 55987 TI - [Role of chemotherapy in long-term survival of malignant glioma (author's transl)]. AB - Effect of chemotherapy was evaluated from the view point of postoperative survival rate in 102 consecutive cases of histologically verified glioblastomas treated during past 16 years. As a result of the study, the "additive effect" of chemotherapy on the ordinary surgical operation and radiation therapy could not be clarified. However, the effect of chemotherapy was worth to note among 6 cases which survived more than 5 years after operation. Then, combination of various treatment including chemotherapy should be repeatedly applied in individual cases of glioblastoma. PMID- 55988 TI - [The effect of bleomycin on brain tumor cells in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - In order to evaluate the efficacy of Bleomycin (BLM) against brain tumor, a study was made on the inhibitory effect of BLM on the proliferation of cells derived from 8 cases of astrocytoma and 2 cases of meningioma and the proliferation of Ehrlich ascitic, HeLa and Mouse-Foot-Pad cells of strained epithelial origin. Morphological changes induced by BLM were also observed with phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope. Actively growing monolayer cells were exposed to BLM whose concentration was adjusted to 0.15, 0.6, 2.5, 10, 40, 160 mug/ml in the cultivating medium for 7 days. The inhibitory effect on cellular proliferation was evaluated by calculating the number of cell nuclei. When the concentration of BLM was adjusted to 0.15 mug/ml, the inhibition of Ehrlich ascitic, HeLa and Mouse-Foot-Pad cells was greater than the control by 50%. On the contrary, a higher concentration of BLM, that is 0.6-10 mug/ml, was necessary in the case of brain cells. The latter cells appear to be generally less sensitive to BLM than the foregoing strained cells of epithelial origin. Morphological changes consisted of cytoplasmic vacuolation, shortening and narrowing of cytoplasmic processes, nucleolysis and flattening of the surface structure. These findings, however, were not confirmed to be changes specific to BLM. Lastly, a brief review of the literature and discussion were made on the methods of administration and tissue concentration of BLM. PMID- 55989 TI - Treatment of tumors of genitourinary tract. PMID- 55990 TI - Amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein as a marker in prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. AB - The prenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and spina bifida (neural tube defect, NTD) through amniotic fluid analysis for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is gradually gaining clinical recognition. AFP concentrations were determined in 237 amniotic fluids from normal pregnancies ranging between 7 and 42 weeks of gestation. A steady decline in AFP from 26 mug/ml at 7-9 weeks to 155 ng/ml at term is observed. AFP concentration was determined in 35 amniotic fluids from 33 confirmed neural tube defective pregnancies. In 14 cases where amniotic fluid was examined prior to the 26th week of gestation. AFP was markedly elevated when compared with the normal range of the same gestational period. In 21 amniotic fluids past the 26th week, 17 cases (85-) had markedly elevated AFP levels; however, 2 cases of anencephaly, 1 of spina bifida, and 1 of hydrocephaly gave levels within the normal range. It is concluded that elevated AFP in the amniotic fluid is a reliable but nonspecific marker for open neural tube defects prior to the 26th week of pregnancy, but may become normal after the 26th week in a small percentage of patients. PMID- 55991 TI - Value of screening procedures for the detection of vaginal adenosis. AB - This study describes the use of routine vaginal iodine staining and other screening procedures for the detection of vaginal adenosis in 3871 postpubertal female patients. Iodine staining identified 65 patients with nonstaining areas in the vagina. Colposcopy verified the presence of vaginal adenosis in 11 of the 65 patients. Directed biopsies confirmed the diagnosis in 10 patients. The iodine staining procedure detected vaginal adenosis in only 1 patient who did not have a positive history of DES exposure or coexisting physical findings. Iodine staining of the vagina has little value as a screening procedure for the detection of vaginal adenosis. Based on these findings, a careful medical history and vaginal examination are recommended as the most productive routine screening procedures for vaginal adenosis. Evaluation and followup of those patients with a history of DES exposure in utero or physical findings suggestive of vaginal adenosis should include vaginal Papanicolaou smears supplemented by colposcopy at 6-month to 1 year intervals. Colposcopically directed biopsies of all abnormal areas should be obtained. PMID- 55992 TI - [Immunologic parameters in acute lymphatic leukemias in the course of different types of chemotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - In 2 groups of patients under treatment with acute lymphatic leukemia and undifferentiated leukemia, apart from the lymphocyte count, a number of immunologic parameters were examined during the various stages of treatment. These parameters were related to the type of chemotherapy as well as the stages of treatment. This paper deals with the values of lymphocyte counts, of gammaglobulin, IgG, IgM and IgA and the results of the DNCB skin-tests, as a parameter for cellular immunity. The determination of gammaglobulin using the acetate sheet electrophoreses, showed no significant change. However a significant reduction of the IgG was shown during the periods of prophylactic reinduction with Vincristin in the Pinkel VII scheme. IgM quantities were significantly raised in the initial stage before treatment and in all periodes of treatment both in the Pinkel VII group and in an earlier therapeutic group with methotrexate two weekly and Vincristin pulses every 6 weeks. IgA was raised in both groups before treatment but significantly reduced during maintenance and reinduction phases. About 50% of the P VII cases had negative DNCB skintests during maintenance therapy, while all long term survivors in the earlier methotrexate treatment group had positive skintests. The 2 following papers deal with the results of PHA stimulation and the B and T cell determinations. PMID- 55993 TI - [Tuberculous meningitis and antibody deficiency disease (author's transl)]. AB - A 13 year old girl not vaccinated with BCG became ill with tuberculous meningitis. After administration of 30 g of Streptomycin, cell counts and protein concentrations of the cerebro-spinal fluid returned to normal values. After continuation of antituberculous therapy without Streptomycin, the patient relapsed, and Streptomycin had to be given for 14 months. Defect in humoral immunity was diagnosed with low IgG and low titers of antiviral antibodies. For this reason the patient was additionally treated with passive administration of antibodies. PMID- 55994 TI - [Staining of colloid in various age groups. The aging of the thyroid]. PMID- 55995 TI - [Mesenteric lipodystrophy as a variant of Ormond's disease]. PMID- 55996 TI - [Results of mercasolyl treatment of diffuse toxic goiter in children]. PMID- 55997 TI - Diabetes mellitus and the kidney. PMID- 55998 TI - The influence of antiglobulins in immunologic disease with specific reference to glomerulonephritis. PMID- 55999 TI - Transcription of single base oligonucleotides by ribonucleic acid-directed deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase. AB - The synthesis of DNA products complementary to artificial templates by the enzyme RNA-directed DNA polymerase isolated from avian myeloblastosis virus has been studied. Of the single base polyribonucleotides, poly (rC), poly(rA), and poly(rI) were active while poly (rG) and poly (rU) were almost inactive. The minimum length showing activity for an oligo (rC) template was 9; the minimum primer length of oligo(dG) was 3 or 4. In order to examine the fidelity of transcription, single base oligoribonucleotides of defined length were studied. Using (rC)13 as template and (dG)8as primer, the oligo (dG) product coelectrophoresed with the template. However, using (rA)-20 as template and (dT)10 as primer, a large (10-16s) product was formed. Similarly, using oligo (rI) (2.5S) as template and (dC)10 as primer, a large (greater than 22s) product was formed. No significant activity was obtained with oligo (rU) templates. RNA directed DNA polymerase transcribes the various oligonucleotides differently: slippage with oligo (rA) and oligo (rI), faithful transcription with oligo (rC), and poor transcription with oligo (rU). PMID- 56000 TI - [Bacterial flora in patients with prostatic adenoma]. PMID- 56001 TI - [A case of prostatic adenoma treated by Juvar's method and complicated by myocardial infarct]. PMID- 56002 TI - [Amiodarone in the treatment of disorders of cardiac rhythm. results of six years of clinical experience (author's transl)]. PMID- 56003 TI - [Audiovisuel training at Stanford University, Medical Center (author's transl)]. PMID- 56004 TI - Prospects for control of hepatitis. PMID- 56005 TI - Immunosuppressive properties of mouse amniotic fluid. AB - Previous reports have suggested that the alpha-fetoprotein present in mouse amniotic fluid is a potent nontoxic immunosuppressant. In the present studies mouse amniotic fluid (1:50) from 9- to 20-day gestations markedly inhibited the in vitro responses of mouse spleen cells to SRBC, and spleen cells from nonpregnant females were more affected than were cells from pregnant mice. On the other hand, MAF was less effective in depressing antigen- and mitogen-induced proliferation of human blood cells than were NMS or human serum. Human AF and cord sera did not significantly depress the immune responses of cells from mouse or man when added to cultures at concentrations sufficient to achieve levels of alpha-fetoprotein reported to be immunosuppressive if mouse AFP is used. While these studies do not identify the inhibitory agent(s) present in MAF, they do suggest that mouse AFP either is pharmacologically different from human AFP and/or that the immunosuppressive activity attributed to mouse AFP is actually produced by another agent physically associated with it. PMID- 56006 TI - Production of antiserum to human properdin and demonstration of antigenic differences between the native and activated protein. AB - Antisera were raised in rabbits to human properdin in the precursor form (P) and in the activated state (P). On Ouchterlony analysis using the anti-P, reactions of complete identity were obtained between P, P, and properdin in twofold concentrated serum (NHS). However, when anti-P was used, a reaction of identity was obtained only between P and NHS, and a reaction of partial identity was formed between P and P and between properdin in NHS and P, suggestive of the fact that certain antigenic determinants in P may be lacking in P. The results indicate that activation of precursor properdin may involve proteolytic cleavage and/or conformational alterations of the molecule. PMID- 56007 TI - Lymphocyte migration and immune responses. PMID- 56008 TI - Regulation of reaginic antibody formation in animals. PMID- 56009 TI - Selective suppression of immune responses. Regulation of antibody formation and cell-mediated immunity by antibody. PMID- 56010 TI - Biology of immunoglobulin E. Molecular basis of reaginic hypersensitivity. PMID- 56011 TI - Development and function of subpopulations of thymocytes and T lymphocytes. PMID- 56012 TI - Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte lysosomes and immune tissue injury. PMID- 56013 TI - Signals regulating in vitro activation of lymphocytes. PMID- 56014 TI - The use of audio-visual aids in the introduction of new equipment. PMID- 56015 TI - Radionuclide imaging of the bones and joints of the hand. A definition of normal and a comparison of sensitivity using 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc diphosphonate. AB - Normal radionuclide patterns of the hand obtained with 99mTcO4 and 99mTc-Sn-EHDP are described and their validity supported by clinical, radiographic, and laboratory examinations performed to exclude articular disease in the control group. Comparison of the 99mTcO4 and 99mTc-Sn-EHDP images in patients with various articular diseases demonstrated higher sensitivity of 99mTc-Sn-EHDP in detection of involved joints; this was also true when the radionuclide images were compared with fine-detail radiographs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 56016 TI - Viruses and human cancer. PMID- 56017 TI - [Influence of nutrition on hormone secretion. I. Study in Agua Preta (author's transl)]. AB - A positive correlation between the circulating growth hormone levels and the nutritional status was reported in 9 children of both sexes, aged 1 to 6 years, suffering from 2nd degree malnutrition. The mean serum insulin levels, the mean urinary 17-KS and 17-OHCS levels were low before the dietary therapy. No significant correlation between the levels of these hormones and the nutritional status was found. The hormone levels gradually returned to normal after the dietary therapy and the nutritional status of the children improved, according to the observed biochemical, clinical and anthropometric data. PMID- 56018 TI - [Total denervation in painful diseases of the hip]. AB - The authors discuss, on the basis of 16 cases, the results obtained by the total denervation of the hip in the painful affections, of various origins, of this area. The best results have been obtained in painful coxarthroses secondary to luxating dysplasia of the hip, and the least satisfactory in the rheumatic affections. PMID- 56019 TI - [Focal hyalinosis]. PMID- 56020 TI - [Focal hyalinosis: anatomo-clinical correlation]. PMID- 56021 TI - [A study of 93 cases of painful shoulder and shoulder-band syndrome treated with hydergine (author's transl)]. PMID- 56022 TI - The chemical nature of human atrial specific granules. AB - The nature of human auricular specific granules was assessed by a variety of cytochemical and histochemical methods. The specific granules were found to be argentaphobic when ultrathin sections of Araldite-embedded auricular appendages were stained according to the periodic acid-thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate technique of Thiery. The entire core of these granules was moderately positive after ultrathin sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed, glycol methacrylate (GMA) embedded auricles were stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) at a low pH. A similar reaction was shown by the cell coat, residual bodies (C-granules), lysosomes, Z-discs as well as by a very small portion of the Golgi complex. Analogous results were obtained in semithin sections of GMA-embedded auricles stained by the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) technique. Incubation of ultrathin sections (fixed in glutaraldehyde and embedded in GMA) with proteolytic enzymes (pronase, pepsin, trypsin, or alpha-chymotrypsin) elicited selective digestion of atrial specific granules and Z-bands and, to a much lesser degree, of the cell coat. It is concluded that human auricular specific granules, as in rat atrial cardiocytes, are composed mostly of proteins. In addition, these granules may contain complex carbohydrates. PMID- 56023 TI - Induced abortion: 1975 factbook. AB - This report presents an overview of current international data on induced abortion, primarily from the demographic and public health points of view. Statistical tabulations make up the major part of the report, with the text providing background information. Opening sections review definitions, sources of data, and concepts of statistical analysis. Major topics for which data are presented include the legal status of abortion (Table 1); incidence of abortion (Tables 2-20); incidence of repeat abortions (Tables 21-23); period of gestation and abortion procedures (Tables 24-27); incidence of abortion with concurrent sterilization (Table 28); complications (Tables 29-31); and mortality (Table 32). The relationships between abortion and contraception (Tables 33-35) and the effects of changes in abortion policies on trends in the numbers of legal abortions, illegal abortions, total induced abortions, and births are evaluated in the final sections (Table 36). Two technical questions are discussed in the appendix (Tables 37-38). PMID- 56024 TI - Antibody-hapten interactions in vivo in mice and sheep. AB - From 5 min to 5 h after an intravenous injection of one of the haptens, elipson dinitrophenyl-lysine, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), or procaine, mice that were actively immunised against these haptens held more of the hapten in their plasma than did normal mice. Over the same time interval, mice that had been passively immunised with sheep anti-procaine antisera and then treated with procaine held more procaine in their plasma than did mice treated with normal sheep serum. When procaine or DNP was administered orally or intraperitoneally to sheep with circulating antibody to the hapten, the antibody titre was usually reduced 1 h after dosing but returned to the pre-dosing titre by 24 h. Experiments indicated that the reduction in antibody titre was due to in vivo neutralisation of antibody by the hapten. PMID- 56025 TI - [Gesture and language. Perceptional training mimicking sounds, drawings and symbolic expression]. PMID- 56026 TI - [Advantages and drawbacks of the mini-pill]. PMID- 56027 TI - [Critical evaluation and rational use of nuclear medical techniques in the diagnosis of thyroid function (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnosis of thyroid function has been decisively improved by the in-vitro tests and the radioimmunologic assays of total tri-iodothyronine- and TSH levels before and after stimulation with TRH. The high specificity and value of in-vitro tests lies in the quantitative measurement of peripheral hormoneconcentrations. The radio-iodine test, however, is only a qualitative technique giving information on movements of intrathyreoid radio iodine. The in-vitro tests are not falsified by iodine contamination. Extrathyreoidal protein-changes can be excluded with the ETR test. The radio-iodine test will now have to be done only in rare special cases. As a rule thyroid metabolism can be assessed safely by combining clinical examination with an in-vitro testblock adapted to the individual diagnostic problem with additional technetium scintigraphy. PMID- 56028 TI - Effect of bilateral nephrectomy on serum gastrin concentration, gastric histamine content, histidine decarboxylase activity, and acid secretion in the rat. AB - Nephrectomy caused a marked increase in the concentration of circulating gastrin immunoreactivity but did not increase basal acid secretion. In normal rats, both histamine and pentagastrin stimulated gastric acid output, but after nephrectomy only histamine was effective. Histidine decarboxylase in the oxyntic mucosa was greatly activated following nephrectomy. Thus, in the nephrectomized rat gastrin (and pentagastrin) no longer evoked acid secretion, whereas it retained its ability to activate gastric histidine decarboxylase. The results suggest that the kidney is important for metabolism and excretion not only of gastrin but of humoral antagonists of gastrin-induced acid secretion as well. PMID- 56029 TI - In vitro target cell lysis mediated by normal human lymphocytes (K cells) or monocytes. AB - Guinea pig IgG1 or IgG2 anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) Antibody preparations were used for induction of target cell lysis by normal human lymphocytes (K cells) or monocytes. Target cells were DNP-coated 51Cr-labeled chicken erythrocytes. Antibody concentrations were assayed by an ammonium sulphate precipitation technique. When antiserum was obtained by immunization with the antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), IgG2 antibodies predominated and were significantly more efficient inducers of K-cell-mediated lysis than IgG1 antibodies. The lowest activity in K-cell-mediated lysis was seen with IgG1 from antiserum obtained by immunization with antigen in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. When these antibody fractions were tested in monocyte-mediated erythrolysis, the two IgG1 fractions were as active as the IgG2 antibodies raised with antigen incorporated in FCA. The results suggest that the Fc receptors of mature human blood monocytes are different from those on the effector cells in the K-cell preparations. PMID- 56030 TI - Induction of histamine release and desensitization in human leukocytes. AB - Histamine release from normal human leukocytes can be induced by anti-IgE or protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. After incubation in buffer at 37 degrees C for various time intervals or repeated washings with buffer, or both procedures, the leukocytes lose most of their reactivity to protein A, whereas the reactivity to anti-IgE is unaltered. Cells deprived of their protein A reactivity can be induced to release histamine by IgG complexed with protein A. Maximal release (23%-81%) from 0.6-1.0 times 10(7) leukocytes per ml is obtained if the mixture contains 1-2 mug protein A and 8-16 mug IgG per ml. The ratio between protein A and IgG in the most active mixtures is 1:8 or 1:16 on a weight basis, which corresponds to 2-4 IgG molecules per protein A molecule. Heat treatment does not destroy the capacity of IgG to mediate histamine release. Mixtures of protein A and the Fc part of IgG can also initiate the release. Futhermore, it is shown that the protein A-IgG mixture and anti-IgE induce cross-desensitization to each other. This indicates that, like cell-bound IgG, IgG in complex with protein A triggers partially the same reaction sequence as IgE. PMID- 56031 TI - [Clinical-hematological demonstrations: aplastic anemia, acute leukemias, polyneuropathy in Waldenstrom's disease, acute porphyria]. AB - Some cases are reviewed involving hematological diseases caused by exogenously or endogenously induced toxicity. First, 3 cases of aplastic anemia (chlorpromazine, chloramphenicol and probably autoantibodytypes) are discussed. The known aplastic anemia inducing agents are the chloro-hydrocarbon rings (chloramphenicol, hexachlorcyclohexane, chlorpromazine, chlorpropamide and aliphatic potassium perchlorate) as well as phenylbutazone, sulfonamides, benzol, gold, certain antiepileptic drugs and compounds which contain arsenic or bismuth. Isolated erythroblastophthisis is an autoimmune disease and is mainly observed in young people. It is stressed that cases with aplastic anemia generally exhibit considerable immunosuppression. Therefore, gamma-globulins should be given when infection is observed in these cases. In cases refractory to 2-3 years of conventional treatment (steroids, especially androgens), splenectomy is a useful alternative. Five cases of acute leukemia (4 AML and one ALL) point up the considerable advances in the treatment of this group of diseases. Caution should be exercised in interpreting a remission as a cure, since in one of our cases a remission of 12 1/2 years was followed by a lethal relapse.-A case of Waldenstrom's disease with severe polyneuropathy is described which was associated with severe "neuritic defects" related to inclusions of paramyloid material in the nervous tissue.-In a case of acute porphyria complicated by paraplegia an impressive remission was achieved by forced diuresis with furosemide and sorbitol combined with intensive i.v. glucose therapy (reduction of delta-aminolevulic acid production. PMID- 56032 TI - [Immunological diagnosis of cancer]. AB - Two different types of immunological reaction are of assistance in the diagnosis of cancer: The first is detection of a weak immunological response of the patient toward his own tumor cells. Unfortunately the currently available techniques for the demonstration of humoral or cellular immunological reaction against autologous tumor cells are not reproducible enough to be recommended as routine clinical tests. Secondly, it is possible to use antisera, obtained by immunization of animals with human tumor extracts, for the detection of substances released into the blood by the tumor cells. The two major antigens associated with human cancer that can be measured in the blood by very sensitive immunological methods are the alphafetoprotein (AFP) and the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). It is very important for the physician to be fully alive to the usefulness and limitations of such tests in order to interpret them correctly. Clinical situations in which the measurement of AFP and CEA can provide useful information are reviewed. PMID- 56033 TI - [Chemotaxis of human polymorphonuclear cells in vitro. Study of inflammatory rheumatic diseases]. AB - Sixty-eight determinations of leukocyte chemotaxis were performed in 42 patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematodes (17 cases), rheumatoid arthritis (15 cases) and scleroderma (10 cases). In contrast to the results of others, this study showed a deficiency in only 15 of 42 cases (35.7%). Impairment of chemotaxis was always transitory and demonstrable only during acute phases of disease. Intrinsic deficiency of PMN leukocytes as well as deficiency of plasma factors were related to the clinical and biological course of the disease and to the treatment. PMID- 56034 TI - [The treatment of prostatic adenoma]. AB - Prostatic hyperplasia is a benign disease of elderly men. In 30-40% of the men the prostatic adenoma causes obstruction which requires operative treatment. 75% of these patients consult the general practitioner. Stage I is treated conservatively. Early surgery is indicated only in those undergoing surgery for hernia and in cases of intermittent obstruction. Operation is definitely indicated in stage II. Stage III should be treated initially with an indwelling catheter for 3-4 months. Treatment with lifelong indwelling catheter is rarely indicated today. PMID- 56035 TI - The lead, copper and zinc content of tree rings and bark. A measurement of local metallic pollution. AB - Analysis of samples of wood taken from different tree rings for lead by atomic absorption spectrometry showed that there was little correlation between the sample site or ring age and air borne lead concentrations. However, the concentration of lead in tree bark at several sites was particularly sensitive to traffic flow at that site. The concentration of lead, zinc and copper in the tree bark decreased with increased distance from the road and with height above the ground. The method offers a simple technique for effectively tracing atmospheric metal concentrations. PMID- 56036 TI - Cocaine: plasma concentrations after intranasal application in man. AB - Cocaine (1.5 milligrams per kilogram) was applied to the nasal mucosa of human subjects. The cocaine persisted in the plasma for 4 to 6 hours and reached peak concentrations of 120 to 474 nanograms per milliliter at 15 to 60 minutes. In that residual cocaine was detectable on the nasal mucosa for 3 hours, continuous absorption secondary to its vasoconstrictive action might explain its persistence in the plasma. PMID- 56037 TI - A serum protein associated with chromatin of cultured fibroblasts. AB - Antibodies to chromatin proteins from human and mouse fibroblasts which have been cultured for more than 25 generations with heterologous serum show specificity for a homologous alpha-serum protein. These results indicate that among the chromatin-associated proteins there is one (or more) which has extensive structural similarity to a serum protein. This is the first direct evidence that a serumlike protein or proteins could be chromatin associated in vivo, as has been suggested by experiments showing in vitro interaction between DNA and certain serum proteins. PMID- 56038 TI - [Current concepts in the treatment of Basedow's disease]. PMID- 56039 TI - [Elements and methods of surveillance of a patient carrying a pacemaker]. PMID- 56041 TI - [Reflex algoneurodystrophy of the upper limbs. Study based on 106 cases (1967 1974)]. PMID- 56040 TI - [Lupus syndrome during treatment with isoniazid]. AB - In a young girl, aged 17 years, there occurred, 9 months after starting treatment with isoniazid and rifampicin, clinical signs of rheumatoid arthritis with facial erythema of vespertilio type. The presence of L.E. cells and antinuclear antibodies with a high titer, the rapid disappearance of all the clinical signs on stopping isoniazid, and the transient exacerbation of the syndrome on giving a single dose of isoniazid, gave the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus induced by isoniazid. 18 months after stopping the drug, the patient is apparently cured, but there persists in the serum antinuclear antibodies in low concentration (1/200). A study of acetylation of isoniazid in this patient and her 3 sisters, showed that they were all of the slow acetylating phenotype. The late prognosis of this disease and the physiopathological value of the slow acetyl phenotype are worth discussion. PMID- 56042 TI - [Pain in Paget's disease and its treatment]. PMID- 56043 TI - Editorial: Alpha-fetoprotein and prenatal diagnosis of congenital abnormalities. PMID- 56045 TI - A method of assessing impairment of immunity after trauma. PMID- 56044 TI - Blood transfusion practice: facts and fallacies. AB - Practical problems and potential dangers associated with blood transfusion have led to the introduction of modifications in transfusion practice and the search for blood substitutes. Many of these changes, promoted by the pharmaceutical industry, have been of questionable value. PMID- 56047 TI - Variation in antigenicity of cultured melanoma cells: detection and prevention. PMID- 56046 TI - Specificity of immune paralysis at large tumor volumes. PMID- 56048 TI - Specificity of in vitro cellular cytotoxicity against transitional cell carcinoma cell line T-24. PMID- 56049 TI - Potent immunosuppressive effect of anti-immunoglobulin. PMID- 56050 TI - Renin substrate infusions in hepatorenal syndrome. PMID- 56051 TI - Alpha globulin collagenase inhibitors in keloid and hypertrophic scar. PMID- 56052 TI - Cyclic AMP and platelet adhesion to silastic surfaces. PMID- 56053 TI - Synthesis of heparin-sepharoses and their binding with thrombin and antithrombin heparin cofactor. PMID- 56054 TI - Antithrombin III, heparin cofactor and antifactor Xa in a clinical material. PMID- 56055 TI - [Transportation of great arteries: possibilities and problems of surgical treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The principle of atrial inversion clinically introduced by Senning in 1958 remains the method of choice for total correction of isolated transposition. Simplifactions and refinement of the original technique resulted in a lower operative mortality and in significant reduction of late complications such as life threatening arrhythmias and venous inflow stenoses especially found after the original Mustard operation. Transposition complicated by ventricular septum defect with or without pulmonic stenosis remains a surgical challenge. In these cases the anatomic and hemodynamic corection with the Rastelli procedure may be of advantage. Palliative operations have a high operative risk (17% in the present series). Today, their indication is restricted to patients who are not improved after balloon-septostomy or to patients with inadequate pulmonary flow urging for pulmonary artery banding and aorto-pulmonary shunt, respectively. In isolated transposition of the great arteries primary balloon-septostomy followed by early total correction in infancy after the age of six months seems to be the most appropriate treatment today. PMID- 56056 TI - Phenotypic variations with time of some HL-A antigens. AB - In order to study the HL-A antigen turnover in vivo, the HL-A reactivities of the lymphocytes of eight blood donors were tested every week for six weeks with antisera HL-A1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 and 11. The analysis of variance showed that the "time" effect and the "time times donors" interaction were statistically significant for the HL-2, 3, 5 and 11 specificities. This supports the hypothesis that phenotypic expression of such antigens on the lymphocyte membrane of some of the blood donors examined varied with time. From a practical point of view, the HL-A antigenic fluctuation with time should be taken into consideration when lymphocyte typing is required for tissue transplantation. PMID- 56057 TI - The detection of Ia antibodies in polyspecific H-2 alloantisera absorbed with erythrocytes. AB - H-2 alloantisera contain Ia antibodies whose detection is obscured by the presence of serodominant K,D specificities. A method is described whereby Ia antisera can be prepared by absorbing conventional H-2 sera with donor-strain erythrocytes. The analysis of such absorbed antisera has led to the identification of the new specificity Ia.16, and the redefinition of the specificities H-2.34 and H-2.46 as complex Ia specificities which map in the I-A region of the H-2 complex. A number of other so-called H-2 specificities also appear to have Ia-like properties. PMID- 56058 TI - Second locus HL-A antigens and 4a or 4b. AB - A panel of over 100 individuals was tested against several 4a and 4b antisera. A 4a/4b type was assigned to each individual on the basis of overall reactions with each group of sera. It was felt that because 4a and 4b antisera rarely give identical reaction patterns the use of several sera in each group gave a better definition of the specificities. The relationship between each second locus HL-A specificity and 4a or 4b was assessed. Most of the "narrower" antigens showed complete inclusion within one group but there were some anomalies. Associations of these specificities were analysed further by absorption experiments. 4a and 4b antisera were able to define differences in some second locus specificities which were not picked up by the narrower antisera. It seems likely that 4a and 4b represent a separate public site on the HL-A gene product which is multifactorial. For a full description of the antigens all factors should be stated as there is not an invariant association between components. PMID- 56059 TI - HL-A8 and LD-8a in patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - The frequency of HL-A8 in myasthenia gravis is markedly increased in women (60 80%) but not in men. The MLC determinant, LD-8a, is frequently associated with HL A8. Of the 37 female MS patients, 15 were LD-8a positive (41%), whereas of the males only one of seven was LD-8a positive. The frequency of HL-A8 was 68% in women and 29% in men with the disease. We therefore conclude that the gene which is responsible for the increased susceptibility to myasthenia gravis in women and which is present in the MHS region, is more closely linked to the SD-2 than to the LD-1 locus. PMID- 56060 TI - HLA antigens in dermatitis herpetiformis and coeliac disease. PMID- 56061 TI - Association of LD-8a and LD-12a with dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 56062 TI - [Experience in the treatment of malignant obstructions of the vena cava superior by means of chemotherapeutic decompression and subsequent irradiation]. AB - The clinical picture, pathogenesis and etiology of malignant vena cava obstruction are described. The importance of using modern methods to treat this critical condition is emphasized. Furthermore, the authors examine the principles of chemotherapeutic decompression followed by irradiation. A single dose of nitrogen mustard was applied intravenously, followed by irradiation, on 24 patients with malignant vena caval obstruction. The results of this treatment are presented. The effect of this treatment was controlled by measuring the venous blood pressure and with chest X-rays. The authors conclude, that this method of decompression is successful in the palliative treatment of this syndrom. PMID- 56063 TI - [Study of the pericardial fluid of corpses for the determination of secretory category]. PMID- 56064 TI - Proceedings: The isolation of specific antigens by affinity chromatography. PMID- 56065 TI - Hemagglutination inhibition studies for the evaluation of blood group antigens in ethanol soluble substances (ESS) obtained from human, baboon and vervet monkey red blood cells. AB - Soluble blood group substances, isolated from the red blood cells of humans, baboons, and vervet monkeys by ethanol extraction, possessed serologically active specificities for the following antigens: A, B, H, Lea, LebL, P, P19 Pk and I. Human red blood cells lacking any of these specificities by the direct hemagglutination test also lacked the related antigens in their soluble extract. The only exception was in "Bombay" Oh cells, from which soluble H substance could be readily isolated. Soluble substances obtained from baboon and vervet monkey red blood cells, which lack the human variety of A, B, and H antigens on their red blood cells, inhibited both human and lectin anti-H reagents. The detection of "hidden" H activity in Oh cells will pose some important questions regarding membrane characteristics and the role of immune surveilance. PMID- 56066 TI - Active enhancement of rat kidney allografts. Effect of pretreatment with prednisolone and donor-specific antigen. AB - (Lewis x Brown Norway) F1 hybrid rat kidney allografts were transplanted to bilaterally nephrectomized Lewis recipients pretreated in various ways. The mean survival time of untreated controls was 16.1 +/- 1.7 days. All rats pretreated with 1.67 g/kg of semi-soluble Brown Norway spleen extract and 5 mg/kg of prednisolone on days 15, 8, and 1 before transplantation survived indefinitely. Pretreatment with semi-soluble or soluble extract alone prolonged survival modestly (36.5 +/- 13.6 and 30.8 +/- 5.6 days, respectively), but the former induced indefinite survival in two of eight animals. Prednisolone on its own failed to bring about prolongation of survival and the combined use of soluble extract and prednisolone did not reveal a synergistic effect. Cytotoxic antibody titres in animals showing indefinite survival were very low, and there was no correlation between antibody titres and prolonged survival. It is assumed that the pretreatment with semi-soluble extract and prednisolone inhibited the formation of cytotoxic antibodies as well as cell-mediated immunity, and encouraged the formation of enhancing antibodies. To study the cellular and humoral reactivity of five prolonged survived kidney recipients, 1st and 2nd donor-specific skin grafts were carried out. The humoral and cell-mediated responses were somewhat delayed in these recipients but otherwise normal except for the absence of the second-set phenomenon. PMID- 56067 TI - Antigenic cross-reactivity among rodent brain tissues and stem cells. AB - Previous studies have shown that antisera prepared in rabbits against mouse brain (RAMB) contains activity in vitro against the mouse bone marrow colony-forming unit (CFU) or hematopoietic stem cell. In the present study, in vitro treatment of mouse bone marrow with antisera prepared in rabbits against brain tissue from rats (BARB) or hamsters (RAHB) also reduced the CFU content of the mouse marrow. Prior absorption of the RAMB serum with fetal liver tissues from rats or hamsters as well as mice reduced the anti-CFU activity of the RAMB preparation. In addition, absorption of the RAMB preparation with brain tissue from any of the rodents reduced the activity of the antiserum for the mouse stem cell. It appears that the determinants previously shown to be shared by the brain tissue and stem cells of mice are cross-reactive with determinants present on the stem cells and brain tissue of rats and hamsters. PMID- 56068 TI - A heterophile system in human renal transplantation. V. Relationship of heterophile transplantation antigen and common antigen of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Heterophile transplantation antigen and common antigen of Enterobacteriaceae appear serologically to be separate specificities. However, both antigens are common to Enterobacteriaceae, rat erythrocytes, and some human kidneys. Both antigens are obtained from various tissues by the same chemical procedure. Immunity to each antigen is frequently produced by renal transplantation. We suggest that the antigens are either separate molecules which are similar in chemical structure in the region of the antigenic determinant as well as in tissue distribution or separate reactive sites located on the same molecule. The possibility that common antigen may be a human alloantigen raises theoretical possibilities relative to susceptibility to infection and pyelonephritis, as well as to its relationship to histocompatibility. PMID- 56069 TI - Proliferative reactivity of opossum peripheral blood leukocytes allogeneic cells, mitogens, and specific antigens. PMID- 56070 TI - Antileukocyte antibody in postpartum and renal transplant subjects. A comparison of capillary agglutination and lymphocytotoxicity reactions. AB - Sera were obtained from 48 gravida II prenatal and 211 multiparous nonpregnant females and examined for leukocyte antibodies comparing a standard lymphocytotoxicity (CY) test with capillary agglutination (CA). Antibody was detected in 41% of the samples in both groups but only CA tests were positive with approximately one-half of the prenatal and three-fourths of the multiparous specimens. Although, CA reactions, when accompanied by positive CY responses, usually correlated with HLA, no correlation with HLA, 5b, or the neutrophil antigens was determined for 35 of the 48 sera reacting only by CA. As a model to test the specificity of CA positive-CY negative antisera, four extensively studied sera were further analyzed in 16 families. Independent segregation from the HLA complex and ABO and Rh antigens was confirmed and two of the sera appeared to detect separate clusters of reactions in conjunction with some of the other reagents. Pre- and postgraft samples obtained from 23 living related and 75 cadaveric renal transplanted patients were investigated and compared for graft function and prospective tissue typing. Although direct crossmatches were negative prior to surgery, 17.9% of the pretransplant samples from living related and 28.0% from cadaveric recipients contained detectable antibody when tested against a cell panel. Similar to the prenatal and multiparous groups, the majority of these responses were detected by CA. Following engraftment, antibody first became evident in 11 of 19 (58%) living related and in 23 of 53 (48.2%) cadaveric hosts. There was a striking association between the development of CA and CY antibody and failure, as contrasted to 100% 9-month or greater survival in 10 of 10 living related and 15 of 15 cadaveric transplants in whom only CA antibodies arose postoperatively. In total, these studies indicate that CA reacts with HLA antigens in common with CY tests. In addition, CA may detect HLA when CY is negative but many other reactions appear to be directed at non-HLA specificities. The relevance of CA-only responses to clinical transplantation remains uncertain, but we may speculate that they have an enhancing effect on the course of renal transplantation and are associated with important histocompatibility determinants. PMID- 56071 TI - Indian childhood cirrhosis of the liver: a morphologic evaluation. AB - Indian childhood cirrhosis of the liver continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality of children living in the Indian sub-continent. The present paper deals with the morphological changes in various stages of the disease process. Ballooning and feathery degeneration of hepatocytes, complete absence of fatty change, frequent occurrence of intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies, dissection of pseudolobules by fibrous septa and fibrosis around single cell were notable features. A few cases also showed giant-cell transformation and pseudo adenomatous arrangement of hepatocytes. The interpretation of morphologic changes has been discussed and the probability of a toxic aetiology has been suggested. PMID- 56072 TI - [Proteinuria in quartan malaria-infected Aotus monkeys]. AB - This paper describes the characterization of proteinuria in Aotus monkeys infected with quartan malaria (Plasmodium brasilianum), using a micro-disc electrophoresis system. In the post infection urine samples, increases in total proteinuria, albuminuria and gamma-globulinuria were noted a few weeks after peak parasitaemia. Two new proteins also appeared in the urine of malaria infected animals. These findings are discussed with reference to the belief that the Aotus P. brasilianum system can be a model for human malaria in renal immunopathology. PMID- 56073 TI - [Antithrombin III and fibrinolysis during pregnancy and oral contraceptive therapy]. PMID- 56074 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis: data on the cell viability and alpha fetoproteins of the amniotic fluid]. PMID- 56075 TI - [Androgen binding proteins in human prostatic hyperplasis. Methodological aspects]. PMID- 56076 TI - [Preparation of porcine IgA and its detection using the fluorescent antibody technic]. AB - The preparation of immunoglobulin A (IgA) from porcine colostrum, intestinal content and serum is described. The best results were achieved with colostrum, from which an antigen of satisfactory purity was prepared by purification on Sephadex G-200, on DEAE cellulose and subsequent filtration on Sephadex G-200. The serum to this antigen raised in rabbits was adsorbed to an immunoadsorbent from porcine serum (PS) or porcine IgG. The adsorbtion of the serum against secretory IgA (SIgA) to PS removed its undesirable heterologous and nonspecific reactivity. The anti-SIgA serum adsorbed in this way still reacted with IgA from porcine serum. In the direct and indirect immunofluorescent staining we detected the main antigenic determinants of the SIgA molecule, i. e. the heavy chains and the secretory component. PMID- 56078 TI - [Determination of the immunoglobulin level in the blood serum of newborn calves]. PMID- 56077 TI - [Determination of hexachloroparaxylol in milk]. PMID- 56079 TI - [Pathomorphological changes in sheep in chronic poisoning with dicresyl and trolen]. PMID- 56080 TI - [Control of the tick Dermacentor marginatus]. PMID- 56081 TI - [Radial scars (scarring) and obliterating mastopathy (author's transl)]. AB - The lesion, known under several names, consists of an hyalinized sclerotic center containing abundant elastic and elastoid masses. These radiate into the periphery and enclose lobuli which reveal epithelial proliferation varying from simple hyperplasia with epithelial villi to the rather rare true papillomas. The hyaline and elastic masses in the central parts surround tubuli and correspond to a lesion known as obliterating mastitis (mastopathy) that may lead to total occlusion of the ducts. The entire process ends with a contracting scar that alters the lobuli stemming from the obliterated duct. These may atrophy, dilate, or respond with different forms of hyperplasia. Therefore the designation "radial scars (scarring) possibly with epithelial proliferation" is proposed. As is emphasized the condition may be associated with tubular carcinoma and may resemble pseudoinfiltration in sclerosing adenosis. PMID- 56082 TI - Basement membrane-changes in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - This study is based on 31 renal biopsies from 28 patients with idiopathic membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). 18 cases were classified as "pure" MPGN, 10 as lobular GN. For light microscopy two staining procedures were found to be of particular value: Pearse trichrome (PAS+Orange G) and Jones Chromotrope (methenamine silver + Chromotrope 2R). These techniques reveal conspicuous basement membrane (b.m.) lesions which are not observed in other types of GN and are characterized by thickening of the b.m. and a bright orange or red coloration, respectively, which can well be separated from normal (PAS positive or argyrophilic) basement membranes. Electron microscopy was performed in 13 cases in order 1. to analyze the fine structure of this lesion, 2. to match the results with the current subclassification concept which is essentially based on the discrimination of intramembranous dense (IMDD) and subendothelial deposits. The typical finding of a continuous intramembranous electron-dense material which proves to be argyrophilic in ultrathin sections was present in 3 (23%) of the cases. PMID- 56083 TI - [Special training of surgical ward nurses]. PMID- 56084 TI - [Chemoradiation therapy of inoperable lung cancer]. AB - The results of utilization of different variants of the complex therapy in 416 patients with inoperable lung cancer are reported. 5-fluoruracil, cyclophosphan, methotrexate, chrysomallin were employed as antitumor drugs. Radiotherapy was carried out on a distance gamma machine. The best immediate and early results were gained in patients treated by distance gammatherapy against the background of cyclophosphan injections. The results proved to be most favourable within the terms of 3 years and longer in case of gammatherapy associated with 5 fluoruracil. Application of a fractionated radiation course rendered no positive effect on the results of treatment. PMID- 56085 TI - Quantitative Immunological study of pregnancy-associated alpha2-globulin antigen. AB - Pregnancy-associated alpha2-globulin antigen, a protein whigh is practically absent from the serum of nonpregnant individuals or could be found in the quantity of only a few milligram percent, gradually accumulates during pregnancy. A peak value of 96 +/- 44 mg% is reached by the 31st week of gestation. In the last 2 months of pregnancy a decrease was observed to 65 +/- 30 mg% before delivery. Significantly lower levels of this protein could be found in prolonged pregnancy and in case of abortions associated with placenta destruction. Elevated amounts of this characteristical pregnancy protein could be found in 63% of 100 tumor patients. PMID- 56086 TI - Immunological properties of a human macroglobulin bearing antigenic determinants of mu- and gamma-chains. PMID- 56087 TI - [Peripheral nervous system in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 56088 TI - [Use of stimulating doses of antilymphocytic gamma globulin in the complex treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the lower limbs]. PMID- 56089 TI - [Use of various immunological methods for the detection of specific antigen in leukocytes of leukemic patients]. AB - A specific antigen was found in white blood cells of patients with leukemia by means of the indirect immunofluorescence and ring precipitation tests. Using a mixture of hyperimmune rabbit sera with leukocytes from patients with various forms of leukemia (lympholeukemia, myeloleukemia, hemocytoblastosis and reticulosis), it can be found in cells of patients with some forms of this disease. An increased amount of the antigen in the cells was found in cases of myeloleukemia or hemocytoblastosis. The immunofluorescence test was found to be more clear-cut when the time between bleeding and microscopy of preparations was short. PMID- 56090 TI - [Early diagnosis of primary liver carcinoma]. PMID- 56091 TI - [Learning difficulties in the pediatric consulting hour]. PMID- 56092 TI - [Methods of simple electric stimulation in the treatment of tachycardial arrhythmias]. PMID- 56094 TI - [The effect of drugs on "sino-atrial conduction time" and on sinus-node automaticity in man]. AB - The effect of atropine, propafenone, and disopyramide on sinus node automaticity and "sino-atrial conduction" was tested in normal patients and patients with the sick sinus-syndrome. "Sino-atrial conduction time" was estimated indirectly by the extrastimulus technique. Atropine (n = 11) caused a significant increase in heart rate in all patients. The sinus node recovery time was shortened in 10 patients. "Sino-atrial conduction time" decreased on an average 35% (P less than 0.01). Three patients with a sick sinus-syndrome demonstrated a change of the pattern of the postextrasystolic pauses indicating great improvement in sino atrial conduction. Propafenone (n = 10) led to a significant prolongation of the sinus node recovery time by 17% and of the "sino-atrial conduction time" by 27%. Disopyramide (n = 8) had no significant influence on heart rate and "sino-atrial conduction time". Sinus node recovery time was not changed in 6 patients. However, in two patients with a sick sinus-syndrome a dangerous prolongation of the sinus node recovery time after application of disopyramide occurred. The results indicate that atropine enhances sinus node function and sino-atrial conduction. On the other hand, propafenone and disopyramide exert either a depressant influence on sinus node automaticity or on sino-atrial conduction. PMID- 56095 TI - [Experimental findings on tyramine-dependent release of noradrenaline in various parts of the heart under the influence of practolol]. AB - Determinations of Noradrenaline-concentrations (NA) in the myocardium of the atria and ventricles of rats were performed and the influences of Practolol and Tyramine were controlled. Following Tyramine, NA was decreased significantly in all specimens. After preinjection of Practolol, NA depletion was considerably less in the right and left atria compared to control values. By these results, the clinical observation of a preferential antiarrhythmic action of Practolol on atrial extrasystoles and tachycardias may be supported. PMID- 56093 TI - Effect of bleomycin on the fine structure of mouse fibroblasts. AB - Asynchronously dividing mouse fibroblasts (L-cells) treated with the antitumour antibiotic Bleomycin show various rather specific morphological alterations. Many of the cells exposed to bleomycin assume a more or less epitheloid cell shape and are larger than untreated cells; in addition to an increase in nuclear size these cells often contain multiple nuclei. In most of the cells nuclei show an almost complete loss of peripheral condensed chromatin. The nucleolar hypertrophy initially observed is followed by a shrinkage and segregation of the nucleolar components. The cytoplasmic alterations include dilatation of the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as an increase of free, non membrane attached ribosomes, often arranged in spiral- and rosette-shaped polysomes; they are not specific for bleomycin. PMID- 56096 TI - The biphasic Ca2+-uptake by the fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The non-equilibrium dialysis has been used for kinetic studies of ATP dependent calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The uptake displays two phases, which are defined as fast and slow uptake. The former is an exponential function of time, with a half-life time of approximately 15--20 sec, the latter presents the characteristics of an autocatalytic reaction. The fast uptake is characterized by its amplitude, the slow uptake by its rate. Compared with the fast uptake, the slow uptake requires higher amounts of Mg2+ or ATP, and is more sensitive to pH variations and aging. The reasons which formerly prevented the resolution of the second phase from the first are discussed. It is concluded that the fast uptake is not a simple binding reaction, and that the slow uptake is more sensitive to changes by the vesicular membrane. PMID- 56097 TI - [Differential staining of chromosomes: the phenomenon and the mechanisms]. PMID- 56098 TI - [Proceedings: Ultrastructure of spherical hyaline microthrombi (so-called globuli) in man]. PMID- 56099 TI - [Seminar for hematologic-cytochemical techniques (author's transl)]. PMID- 56100 TI - [Morphological changes on squamous epithelial carcinomas following systematic intra-arterial bleomycin therapy]. PMID- 56101 TI - [Morphological changes in the lung following bleomycin therapy]. PMID- 56102 TI - [Effect of bleomycin on the proliferation and maturity of epidermal cells in nude mice]. PMID- 56103 TI - [Chemically-induced dermatoses, their modeling and selective and nonspecific suppression]. PMID- 56104 TI - [The influence of brain dysfunction on child development]. AB - In childhood and adolescence two forms of so-called ''psychoorganic syndrome" are distinguished. The early form, in the English and American literature called minimal brain dysfunction, impairs the entire development of the personality in its somatic and psychic aspects. It requires extensive therapeutic efforts. Early diagnosis therefore is of great preventive importance. The infantile psychoorganic syndrome which is acquired later in childhood can be distinguished from the early form by the fact that the impairment is usually only temporary, the etiology is understood and therefore understanding for the child is present. Minimal brain dysfunction when it continues into adolescence is called juvenile psychoorganic syndrome. The emotional liability and irritability which characterises the pubescent period are intensified in the early adolescent with juvenile psychoorganic syndrome and therefore stand out. The brain damage acquired in adolescence resembles the one acquired in adulthood. It is characterised however by the problems of this age group (identity, vocational decisions, social sexual maturations etc). PMID- 56106 TI - [Avoidance of industrial accidents through information and instruction]. PMID- 56105 TI - Haemostatic plugs as a histological vital reaction in the skin wounds of guinea pigs. AB - Applying a histological staining method (Carstairs' modification of picro-Mallory staining), haemostatic plugs could be demonstrated at points of vascular lesion in one-minute vital, or older, skin wounds of the guinea-pig on the average in 33% if the specimen was taken immediately after the reaction period, and in about 10% of wounds examined if the specimen was taken five days after death. No haemostatic plugs could be observed in postmortally inflicted skin wounds. PMID- 56107 TI - [Cytotoxic effects of a leukocidin from Staphylococcus aureus (author's transl)]. AB - In an attempt to improve the assay of leukocidin from Staphylococcus aureus a combined vital fluorochrome staining procedure with acridine organe and ethidium bromide was developed. It proved to be more suitable for the demonstration of leukocidic effects on leukocytes than phasecontrastmicroscopy. Damaged leukocytes fluoresced distinctly red and undamaged leukocytes green. With the fluorochrome method leukocidic changes became also evident in some lymphocytes. These were not clearly demonstrated by phasecontrastmicroscopy. PMID- 56108 TI - [Dynamic aspects of RNA metabolism in the brain of mollusca during electrical effects]. AB - The dynamics of RNA and protein metabolism (as indicated by the incorporation of labeled precursors) during electrophysiological 'learning" and electrical stimulation of isolated ganglia of the snails Tritonia diomedia and Helix pomatia has been investigated. 'Learning" phenomenon manifested itself in the maintenance of synchronous discharges in the electrical activity of the neurons after cessation of the stimulus. At all the electrical stimulations, fast periodic processes of accumulation-degradation of RNA and protein were observed. Radioautographic studies indicate that these processes begin at first in the glia and then in the neurons. The pattern of incorporation of the precursor into the protein is similar to that into RNA, indicating that short-living RNA is involved into the synthesis of short-living proteins. Aurantin (a mixture of actinomycines) inhibits glial synthesis of RNA to a greater extent than neuronal one,-both at rest and electrical stimulation. On the other side, aurantin hinders or even completely blocks "learning" phenomenon. It is suggested that normal RNA metabolism is necessary for the formation of trace phenomena. No essential differences in the metabolism of RNA, protein and nucleotides were found during "learning" and stimulation. PMID- 56109 TI - [Retardation of growth and development of rats induced by inhibition of protein synthesis at early postnatal ontogenesis]. AB - Treatment of rats with aurantine for 7-30 days reduces the growth and development of animals, and especially of skeletal muscles. Low relative weight of muscles in aurantine-treated animals was accompanied by low resting and action membrane potentials. Incorporation of labelled uridine and lysine into muscles, heart, brain and liver was decreased. Retardation in the growth and development of skeletal muscles resulted into unfavourable shift of the ratio body weight/surface and led to prevalence of catabolic processes over anabolic ones (increased oxygen consumption, heart and respiration rate in experimental animals). These changes are probably related not only to the inhibition of protein synthesis, but to disturbance of regulatory mechanisms, which reveals itself in an increased norepinephrine content of the brain stem and in the increased cholinesterase activity in cardiac pacemaker. PMID- 56110 TI - [Protein sorption with mineral colloids]. AB - A study was made of the effect on sorption of the molecular weight of model proteins (ribonuclease with a molecular weight of 12 10(3), trypsin with a molecular weight of 24-10(3), bovine albumin with a molecular weight of 64-10(3) and gamma-globulin with a molecular weight of 160-10(3)) and dispersity of suspensions of aluminium hydroxide, aluminum phosphate and calcium phosphate used as biopreparation sorbents. The expediency of using phosphate and calcium phosphate used as biopreparation sorbents. The expediency of using for effective sorption of a definite area of sorption surface necessary and adequate for the distribution of protein macromolecules with the best degree of conformational liberty was revealed. PMID- 56111 TI - [Hemagglutinin specificity of Cl. botulinum types A, B, and F in reaction with erythrocytes of various animals]. AB - The following differences were revealed in the haemagglutination reaction with the erythrocytes of man, sheep, rabbit, chicks and mice between the haemagglutinins of Cl. botulinum, types A, B and F, having a close affinity with one another: haemagglutinin of type A actively reacted with the erythrocytes of man, sheep, rabbit, rats and chicks; haemagglutinin of type B reacted only with the erythrocytes of man and rabbits; haemagglutinin of type F failed to react with any of the types of the erythrocytes tested; only with the use of erythrocytes treated with neuraminidase was it possible to establish the presence of haemagglutinin fraction in Cl. botulinum, type F. Treatment of human erythrocytes with neuraminidase and proteolytic enzymes caused a marked increase in the sensitivity of the haemagglutination reaction in haemagglutinins of Cl. botulinum, types A, B and F. PMID- 56112 TI - [Dry erythrocytic diagnostic agent for the determination of antiglobulins]. AB - Dry erythrocytic diagnostic agents were obtained under experimental conditions for determination of antiglobulins forming in the organism of man and animals under the effect of serum preparations from the blood of horses and homologoum immunoglobulins. A study was made of the sera of 100 patients with tick-borne encephalitis treated with heterologous and homologous immunoglobulins of directed action; in response to the administration of horse gamma-globulin antiglobulins (in titres below 1 : 10000) appeared in the serum; they circulated in the blood for long periods and inhibited the accumulation of hormonal antibodies to the causative agent; in the majority of cases a high level of antiglobulins to the foreign protein correlated with the presence of remote side-reactions of the serum sickness type. In patients treated with immunoglobulin of human origin antiglobulins were determined in low titres, disappeared from the blood in 15--20 days and did not hinder the accumulation of antihemmagglutinins to the tick-borne encephalitis virus. PMID- 56114 TI - [Resection of pulmonary metastases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a personal series of 27 patients with pulmonary metastases; seventeen were operated, 3 for cure. Nine hundred and eighty six operated cases from the litterature are then analysed yielding the following notions. Where the primary tumor is controlled at the time of metastatic resection, when there is no systemic or mediastinal dissemination, and when the growth of metastases was slow, these secondary resection of lung metastases were followed by a 16 to 63% 5 year survival rate. The authors conclude it is necessary to control the hypothesis that 5 to 10% of operated cancers present a second operative indication for cure: slow growing metastases limited to the lungs. PMID- 56113 TI - The influence of gramicidin A and valinomycin of the permeability of mammalian erythrocytes. AB - 1. The K+ transport in erythrocytes induced by gramicidin A or valinomycin is a first-order reaction. The activation energy of the induced transport is low and amounts to 6 and 10 kcal/mole, respectively. The indirect method for calculation of the driving force of diffusion, c, is given; in pig erythrocytes the c value for gramicidin A is 21.7, and for valinomycin 35.4 mM-KCl. 2. The valinomycin induced transport was found to be the same in erythrocytes and biomolecular lipid membranes. The gramicidin A-induced transport corresponds to that of a single gramicidin channel, and not to the multichannel transport observed in the model systems. 3. Erythrocytes of various mammals show large differences in sensitivity to the ionophores. No correlation could be found between membrane lipids and the induced permeability. The role of membrane proteins in ionophore-induced permeability is discussed. PMID- 56116 TI - Cellular localization of kallikreins in rat submandibular and sublingual salivary glands: immunofluorescence tracing related to histological characteristics. AB - Immunohistochemical localization of rat salivary gland kallikrein was related to glandular structures in tissue processed and stained by various methods. In the submandibular gland, most of the kallikrein was located to cytoplasmic granules of the granular tubules. Cells of the striated ducts showed a faint cytoplasmic staining with a bright luminal rim that occasionally was seen also in the excretory ducts. Minor amounts of kallikrein was found in the interstitial tissue. In the sublingual gland, kallikrein was found in the cytoplasm of the striated duct cells and as a luminal rim in the main ducts. Acini were negative in both glands. Fixation in Helly's fluid preserved cytoplasmic granules and was thus superior for intracellular localization of kallikrein, whereas ethanol fixation, due to absence of non-specific background staining, afforded the most sensitive method for detection of small amounts of antigen. In the submandibular gland, best identification of granular tubules and striated ducts was achieved with DMAB-nitrite staining for tryptophan and counterstaining with Mayer's haemalum on sections of tissue fixed in Helly's fluid. In the sublingual gland, the duct system was best demonstrated by haematoxylin-eosin staining. PMID- 56117 TI - Ultrastructure of symmetric interneuronal junctions after staining with ethanolic phosphotungstic acid. AB - 1. The symmetric interneuronal junctions (attachment plaques) of large axon terminals in the dorsal lateral geniculate body of the rat were studied, applying besides the conventional staining the block staining method with ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA). 2. After staining these contact zones with E-PTA 3 main components become visible: the interior presynaptic layer, the intermembranous material and the postsynaptic layer. 3. As opposed to the asymmetric synaptic junctions the interior presynaptic layer is not divided into dense projections. 4. The intermembranous material consists of 2 median situated intracleft lines, which are more or less fused with each other. 5. The staining intensity of the paramembranous material of the symmetric junctions stained with E-PTA corresponds to the intensity of the material of the asymmetric synaptic junctions. PMID- 56118 TI - Histochemical factors influencing the sulfation of the mucosubstances of the Brunner's glands of the human duodenum. AB - The mucopolysaccharides of the human Brunner's glands were sulfated by sulfuric acid diluted with acetic anhydride or nitrobenzene (1:50) in 5 min. They were recognized by toluidine blue at a pH of less than 1 by exhibiting a red-violet or violet-red metachromasia. The sulfated radicals were removed by methanol or butanol with HCl, H2SO4, Na or NaOH, aqueous Ba(OH)2 at 60 degrees C, or by acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, or bromine water at 25 degrees C. The carbohydrates were altered so that sulfation was prevented by prior treatment with aqueous Ba(OH)2, or by acetic anhydride with pyridine at 60 degrees C and by acetyl chloride and by bromine water at 25 degrees C. Periodic acid Schiff staining was prevented by sulfation with a nitrobenzene: H2SO4 mixture but not by an acetic anhydride: H2SO4 combination in 1 h suggesting an additional sulfate radical at hydroxyl sites 1 or 2. Brunner's glands contain a large amount of a neutral mucopolysaccharide and can be used as a model for testing a large number of chemical and blockage reactions. In nearly all instances, Brunner's glands reacted more like pyloric glands than duodenal goblet cells. PMID- 56115 TI - A transient rise of hormone secretion: a response of the stimulated rat thyroid gland to small increments of iodide supply. AB - Small doses of iodide (2 times 3.2 mug at 12 h interval), below those capable of inducing Wolff-Chaikoff effect, were injected into rats kept on a moderately low iodine diet. By means of a 125I equilibration technique as well as by direct measurement of cold T4, it was demonstrated that the level of circulating PB125I (representing iodothyronines as confirmed by column chromatography) increased by a mean of 40% within 24 h following the first iodide injection. The serum TSH concentration (measured by radioimmunoassay) was simultaneously depressed. Thus, in stimulated thyroid glands, a biologically significant fraction of an iodide load escapes autoregulatory control of iodothyronine synthesis. A small, transient increase of hormone release is likely to represent the physiological response of a normal gland to a sudden supplement of iodide supply. The ensuing depression of TSH secretion may be necessary for final adjustment of thyroid function. It is considered to be the last step in a cascade of mechanisms whose interaction keeps the thyroidal hormone output within narrow limits in the face of a fluctuating iodide supply. Failure of one or several of these mechanisms in the goitrous human gland could conceivable explain the phenomenon of "Jod Basedow". PMID- 56119 TI - A procedure for the simultaneous demonstration of neurosecretory and mucosubstances in tissue sections. AB - Many well known histochemical techniques have been employed to study the neurosecretory products in invertebrates and vertebrates. Among these aldehyde fuchsin (AF) has been one of the two specific stains to demonstrate the presence of neurosecretory cells. Various counterstains have been employed with AF. However, AF is also useful in demonstrating the presence of mucosubstances or elastin. A method is described here for a simultaneous demonstration of neurosecretory substances (NSS) and mucosubstances (MS) by mercurochrome counterstaining. For this method sections of material fixed in methanol formaldehyde-acetic acid (MFA) or alcoholic Bouin's or Susa were oxidized in 0.3% permanganate with 0.3 ml concentrated H2SO4 for 1 to 2 minutes, decolorized in 1% oxalic acid, stained in 0.5% aqueous basic fuchsin containing 1 ml concentrated HCl and 1 ml paraldehyde for 10 min and counterstained with 0.5% aqueous mercurochrome. After mercurochrome counterstaining the characteristic AF staining (purple colour) of NSS is dramatically swamped (becoming brick red) but the purple developed by MS remains unaltered in vertebrate and invertebrate material. Eosin or other counterstains do not behave in this way. PMID- 56120 TI - Periodic acid-silver methenamine staining of semithin epon sections for phase contrast microscopy. PMID- 56121 TI - UV Feulgen staining after hydrolysis in sulphuric and phosphoric acids at different concentrations and temperatures. PMID- 56122 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein concentration in amniotic fluid during the last trimester in normal pregnancies and in pregnancies with severe fetal abnormalities. AB - The concentration of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the amniotic fluid was studied during the last trimester of pregnancy. 129 samples of amniotic fluid were collected by transabdominal amniocentesis in 94 pregnant women. Only women with uncomplicated pregnancies giving birth to normal infants at term were included. The 90% reference interval was calculated and a distinct decrease in the amniotic fluid AFP concentration was found during the last trimester. An AFP concentration above the 90% reference interval was found in 8 out of 10 cases of anencephaly. Normal AFP concentration was found in a case of congenital heart disease with severe oedema, and a low concentration was found in a case of Down's syndrome (Trisomy 21). PMID- 56123 TI - Neurogenic mechanisms in the cerebrovascular bed. Autonomic nerves, amine receptors and their effects on cerebral blood flow. PMID- 56124 TI - [Studies of the ultrastructure of the Treponema strain Nichols]. PMID- 56125 TI - Interrelationships among RNA tumor viruses and host cells. PMID- 56126 TI - [Experimental research in cycle-synchronizing radiotherapy]. PMID- 56127 TI - [Preoperative cytostasis of extensive flat epithelial cancer of the tongue and floor of the mouth]. PMID- 56128 TI - The bound carbohydrates of fractionated serum proteins in protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Alterations in the carbohydrate composition of serum protein fractions have been determined in pooled sera from 35 children with protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM), 30 children treated for PCM, and 24 age- and social status-matched controls. Total protein-bound hexose (PBH), protein-bound sialic acid (PBSA), and protein-bound fucose (PBF) were elevated in PCM, but only PBF returned to control levels with treatment. Ratios of bound carbohydrate to protein in the unfractioned serum were elevated in PCM but PBH and PBF protein or globulin ratios returned to normal with treatment. The most marked change in carbohydrate composition occurred in the alpha1-globulin fraction. Molar ratios in the individual globulin fractions indicated an increase in carbohydrate moieties as follows: PBSA greater than PBH greater than PBF. PMID- 56129 TI - Thin-needle aspiration biopsy. A personal experience with 469 cases. AB - The thin-needle aspiration biopsy technic was used in 469 cases to diagnose benign and malignant tumors. The success of the technic depends upon careful examination of the lesion to be biopsied and attention to the details outlined in procuring the aspiration material and preparing the smears. The most important technical consideration is creating a simulated tissue pattern in the preparation of the smears. Routine Papanicolaou, May-Grunwald-Giemsa, metachrome B, and hematoxylin and eosin stains are all useful. Special stains may provide additional evidence for specific diagnoses. Lymph nodes were the most common tissue examined by aspiration biopsy in this series. It was possible to identify the primary tumor site from the aspiration smear in most of the cases. Forty seven breast cancers were identified from 127 aspiration biopsies of breast lumps. Breast aspirations are the most difficult to interpret, and no deviation from classic malignant smears should be attempted. The false-negative rate for breast aspirations was 7.0%. No delay in treatment occurred because of a false negative report. Patient acceptance of the procedure was excellent. PMID- 56130 TI - Thyrotoxicosis with painless thyroiditis. AB - Four women and one man with painless subacute thyroiditis presented with hypermetabolic signs and symptoms. Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) resin uptakes (T3R) were increased but the 24 hour radioactive iodine (RAI) uptakes were less than 1 per cent. Surreptitious use of thyroid hormone was excluded. The thyroid was enlarged in one patient and nontender in all. Exophthalmos was absent. The protein-bound iodine level was 1.1 to 9.5 mug/dl greater than the T4 level. The sedimentation rate was normal or minimally increased, and antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were undetectable. In one hospitalized patient 84 per cent of the administered dose of 131I was recovered in the urine within 48 hours (normal 64 per cent) excluding extrathyroidal uptake. In all subjects the T4 and T3R levels fell to normal or slightly below normal within one to four months. An increase in the 2 and 24 hour RAI uptake to minimally increased or high normal values and return of the T4 and T3R levels to normal occurred in four of five patients within six months. In one of these, the administration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) resulted in an appropriate increase in 24 hour RAI uptake from 14.9 to 37.1 per cent. One woman remained clinically hypothyroid for six months with a low T4 concentration (3.2 mug/dl), an elevated TSH level (48 muU/ml) and evidence of a persistent organification defect -- two hour RAI uptake decreasing from 33 to 23 per cent after the administration of perchlorate and the 24 hour RAI uptake increasing from 32 to 76 per cent following the administration of TSH. At 21 months after the initial onset of her illness, she is euthyroid but increased RAI uptake persists. The clinical course in four of the five patients is similar to that in an additional eight patients treated during the same time period who presented with typical subacute thyroiditis. Thus, these patients have a form of painless subacute thyroiditis which presents as thyrotoxicosis but is differentiated from it by a low RAI uptake and in whom recovery of thyroidal iodine trapping is the first indicator of recovery. The hyperthyroidism is self-limiting and should be treated conservatively. PMID- 56131 TI - Cancer diagnosis. The role of tumor-imaging radiopharmaceuticals. AB - Several radiopharmaceuticals have recently been shown to have a considerable affinity for malignant tissue. All the tumor-seeking radiopharmaceuticals in current use are nonspecific and may also be picked up by benign tumors and infectious processes, including abscess and granuloma. The sensitivity of the tumor-imaging procedure depends on the radiopharmaceutical employed, the type of tumor, its size and location, and previous or current treatment. Gallium-67 citrate (67Ga), the most widely used tumor-seeking radiopharmaceutical, seems to have its greatest value in detecting bronchogenic carcinomas irrespective of cell type. The sensitivity for lung cancer in 489 studies was 93 per cent. Gallium-67 is also of great value in the staging of Hodgkin's disease, in which its sensitivity is 87 per cent. Non-Hdgkin's lymphomas are detected with only slightly lower sensitivity. There is, in fact, evidence that 67Ga is at least complemenatry, if not more sensitive than lymphangiography, in the staging of lymphoma. However, adenocarcinomas originating in the gastrointestinal tract are detected by 67Ga with a sensitivity of only about 40 per cent, whereas various chelates of bleomycin (including 111In-Bleo, 99mTc-Bleo and 57Co-Bleo) detect adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract with considerably higher sensitivity. In the few studies available comparing bleomycin chelates, 57Co-Bleo and 99mTc-Bleo appear to be more sensitive in detecting tumor than 111In-Bleo. Other tumor-seeking radiopharmaceuticasl which have been employed with somewhat less success include selenium compounds, labeled pyrimidines, several inorganic cations, lanthanide chelates and labeled proteins. Yet to be evaulated clinically is the efficacy of radiolabeled antibodies which are specific for tumor antigens, such as 131I-anti-CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen). PMID- 56132 TI - Methods for isolation of anaerobes in the clinical laboratory. AB - Major points to be emphasized include: 1) Anaerobes are very numerous in nature, but only a relatively small number of species are commonly associated with disease in man; 2) The majority of anaerobic bacterial infections involve endogenous rather than exogenous microorganisms, and the patients are usually compromised in some manner prior to infection; and 3) Success in isolating anaerobic bacteria requires careful performance and control of each step in the isolation procedure. These steps include selection and collection of clinical specimens, microscopic examinations, selection and use of primary isolation media, use of anaerobic systems, incubation of cultures and subculture of colonies to obtain pure culture isolates. PMID- 56133 TI - Identification of anaerobes in the clinical laboratory. PMID- 56134 TI - Parotidectomy. PMID- 56135 TI - Easier convalescence from hysterectomy. PMID- 56136 TI - Immunoglobulins and beta-1-C globulin in hydatidiform mole vesicles. AB - Qualitative and quantitative determinations of immunoglobulins (Ig's) and beta-1 C globulin were carried out in fluid vesicles of hydatidiform moles and carrier mothers. The mean concentration of IgG was 9.9 per cent, IgA had 14.3 per cent, in relation to maternal values. No IgM concentrations were detected in molar fluid. Beta-1-C globulin showed 60.5 per cent concentration in relation to mother's serum. It is suggested that in trophoblast of molar vesicles a selective transudate migration of Ig's by a mechanism of pinocytosis takes place to the vesicular fluid. PMID- 56137 TI - Fine structural observations of the liver in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Morphologic studies of liver tissue in individuals deficient in alpha-1 antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT) have established the presence of membrane-delimited deposits which are diastase resistant, perodic acid-Schiff positive, sialic acid deficient, and immunologically related to serum alpha-1-AT. The molecular basis for the accumulation alpha-1-AT-like substance in hepatocytes and the serum deficiency in alpha-1-AT patients is unknown. In an effort to gain insight into the membrane sites involved in the storage of the alpha-1-AT-like material, we examined liver biopsies by light and electron microscopy from 3 children with homozygous PiZZ deficiency and varying degrees of liver pathology. Contrary to the more widely held belief that accumulation occurs primarily in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, we find the earliest and greatest accumulation of alpha-1 AT-like material in smooth endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. We have combined our ultrastructural observations with the current knowledge which is available concerning the structural properties of M-type and Z-type alpha-1-AT and have proposed a model which may explain the basis for the hepatic accumulation of alpha-1-AT-like material and the serum deficiency state in the PiZZ genotypes. PMID- 56139 TI - Letter: Treatment of accidental naltrexone-induced withdrawal. PMID- 56138 TI - Effect of antilymphocyte serum (ALS) on shock in rats. AB - Effects of treatment with rabbit antirat anti-lymphocyte serum and globulin (ALS and ALG) on shock survival were studied in Sprague-Dawley derived male rats. Because of their known cytotoxic capability, it was postulated that lymphocytes might play a role in the pathogenesis of shock and that suppression of lymphocyte function by ALS/ALG treatment should then protect against shock. Shock models used were tourniquet, endotoxin, and hemorrhagic shock. Protection against tourniquet shock was found for ALS made against thymocytes but not for ALS against spleen cells or lymph node cells. The shock-protective factor was found in the ALG-containing serum fraction but not in the primarily albumin fraction. No significant protection was found for ALS treatment against either endotoxin or hemorrhagic shock. ALS effects on blood cell counts, reticulo endothelial system clearance, and inflammation were studied to help identify effects of ALS on shock survival. It was concluded from these studies that thymic or thymus-processed lymphocytes could play a role in the pathogenesis of shock but that multiple effects of ALS/ALG treatment necessitate further studies to elucidate any role for lymphocytes in shock. PMID- 56140 TI - Periampullary cancer. A clinicopathologic study of sixty-two patients. PMID- 56141 TI - [Immunological activity of anti-Rh-gamma globulin]. PMID- 56142 TI - [Immunoglobulins and natural antiglobulin factors in premature infants]. PMID- 56143 TI - [Distribution of antigens of the Gc system among newborn infants and their mothers]. PMID- 56144 TI - [The protective effect of hydroxyethylstarch (HES) in the cryoconservation of bone marrow of the mouse and of man (author's transl)]. AB - The cryoprotective effect of hydroxyethylstarch has been tested in mice and in man using the spleen colony technique (CFU-S test) or the agar colony technique (CFU-C test) as viability assays for the haemopoietic stem cell. In mice we found a mean CFU-S recovery of 88.7%+/-3.9% when a rapid, and 77.8%+/-3.2% when a slow, stepwise dilution method was applied to remove the protective medium (17.5-20% hydroxyethylstarch+20% calf serum) after thawing. In man the rapid dilution after thawing gave a mean CFU-C recovery of 80% but a wide scatter. PMID- 56145 TI - [Randomised study on histaminelike side-effects of 5 common plasmasubstitutes in orthopedic surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Preceding anaesthesia 750 randomised patients, sub-divided into 5 different age groups, were given 500 ml of a standard plasma-substitute at a flow rate of 25-30 ml/min. There was direct correlation (p=0.1%) of the frequency of side-effects to the substance used; none, however, to the age or general surgical risk. Side effects were observed in 21.3% with derivates of gelatin as compared to 3.7% with Macrodex and Plasmasteril combined. The rate of more serious anaphylactoid reactions was 6% with Haemaccel, 1.3% with Gelifundol-S, 0.67% with Macrodex and less than 0.67% with Neo-Plasmagel. The study reveals that serious side-effects may be expected in orthopaedictic patients after application of plasma substitutes. As a prophylactic procedure for those patients we recommend, therefore, the application of these substances only after careful consideration of the indications for their use. PMID- 56146 TI - [The influence of hydroxyethyl starch on postoperative alterations of blood coagulation (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on postoperative hypercoagulaemia was examined in a double blind study. One group of 10 patients received 500 ml HES during surgery and on the following three days. A comparable group received the same amount of isotonic saline solution. In some respects, hypercoagulaemia was significantly diminished in the HES-group. The diminution could, however, be mainly explained by the diluting effect of the plasma expander. PMID- 56147 TI - [The course of the gamma globulines in septic patients of an intensive care unit (author's transl)]. AB - In 19 septic patients from an intensive care unit, changes were found in the gamma-globulin-fractions with the use of the quantitative immunelectrophoresis. This technique of study presents a great improvement over the diagnostic methods which were used previously. In addition, the possibility is offered to treat the detected deficiencies in certain Ig-fractions and to provide a more directed treatment with antibiotics. PMID- 56148 TI - Severe histamine mediated reactions to Althesin. PMID- 56149 TI - Measurement of sulfur dioxide in automobile exhausts and industrial stack gases with a coated piezoelectric crystal detector. PMID- 56150 TI - Reversible inhibition of rapid axonal transport in vivo by lidocaine hydrochloride. AB - Rats were given standardized injections of 3H-L-proline into the trigeminal ganglion and 14C-lidocaine hydrochloride at the infraorbital foramen. The 3H-L proline was always injected 2.5 h before removal of the nerve. Lidocaine, 1, 2, and 4%, produced a concentration-related inhibition of entry of 3H-labeled rapid axonal transport into the distal portions of the nerve. Addition of epinephrine, 1:200,000, doubled the intensity of the effect. The time delay of recovery was also concentration-related, and with 4% lidocaine recovery still seemed incomplete after 4.5. h. It is concluded that inhibition of rapid axonal transport is probably a usual byproduct of nerve block with local anesthetics such as lidocaine. The inhibition seems attributable in part to a disturbance of the energy metabolism of the nerve. PMID- 56151 TI - Gene dosage and antigenic expression on the cell surface of bovine erythrocytes. AB - Electron microscopic and serological techniques have been used to study the relationship between cell surface expression of bovine erythrocyte antigens and the genes coding for these antigens. Using cells which are genetically and serologically defined for their zygosity with respect to the Z allele, it was found that homozygous (Z/Z) cells have approximately twice as much surface Z antigen as heterozygous (Z/-) cells. Cells labeled for the J antigen, a soluble serum substance which secondarily adsorbs to the erythrocyte surface, display a quantity of antigen which is directly related to the J titer of the cells. A new antigen is described which is independent of the J antigen, and which is detectable by EM labeling and by indirect agglutination, but not by hemolysis. PMID- 56152 TI - [Immunochemical study of glomerular basement membrane in human and experimental pathology]. AB - After a review of the histology and the biochemical structure of the glomerular basement membrane, the authors discuss the role of its diverse antigenic components in the origin and course of several types of glomerulonephritis. In addition, they deal with the problem of biochemical modifications of glomerular basement membrane during some experimentally induced or naturally occuring pathological states. PMID- 56153 TI - Biochemical monitoring of cancer. A review. PMID- 56154 TI - Orcein positive hepatocellular material in histological diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Liver biopsies from 18 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and from 25 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) were stained by orcein after oxidation of the tissue sections with potassium permanganate. In 15 out of the 18 cases which could be classified on clinical, biochemical and immunological basis as PBC, the hepatocytes, usually periportally, contained cytoplasmic stainable material. 5 out of the 25 CAH patients contained the same material, but four of these patients were clinically atypical and showed features of cholestatic form of CAH and features crosslinking with PBC. All patients in both groups were serologically hepatitis-B antigen negative. The orcein staining method seems to be a reliable addition to differentiating histologically between PBC and CAH. PMID- 56155 TI - Cytidine nucleotide biosynthesis and the level of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver microsomes after administration of colchicine. PMID- 56156 TI - Fluorescence of quinacrine mustard conjugated to proteins. PMID- 56157 TI - Immunochemical localization of in vivo bound immunoglobulins in pemphigus vulgaris epidermis. Employment of a peroxidase-antiperoxidase multistep technique for light and electron microscopy. AB - A multi-step immunocytochemical method utilizing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) as an immunological marker was employed to demonstrate, at the ultrastructural level, IgG antiepithelial autoantibodies bound in vivo to pemphigus epidermis, and circulating IgG antibodies, using monkey oesophagus as substrate. To demonstrate IgG the following antisera were employed in sequential steps: Goat antihuman IgG; rabbit antigoat IgG; goat-anti-HRP-serum. After incubating with the final antigen, HRP, the latter was visualized with a cytochemical method. Results paralleled those obtained by immunofluorescence, the antiepithelial antibody being demonstrated at the sites of the intercellular spaces of the epidermis. Electron microscopic cytochemistry showed IgG in the surface coat of epidermal cells and in the intercellular space, both in the desmosomal and the interdesmosomal areas. These results confirm the results of a previous study but the localization of the antibody is more exact than that obtained with HRP conjugates. The present method is more versatile and specific than HRP methods that utilize HRP-conjugated antibodies. PMID- 56158 TI - [The mechanism of antigen-antibody reaction at the basement membrane zone in bullous pemphigoid. The question of interaction of complement factors and bivalent cations (author's transl)]. AB - 1. In a medium poorly cationic indirect immunfluorescence of the basement membrane zone normally observed with preparations of sera from patients with pemphigoid has not be seen. 2. The fluorescence of basement membrane zone takes place if Fe2+ ions are added together with the antibasement zone antibodies. Evidently Fe2+ ions are essential for fixing antibodies. 3. With the method of indirect fluorescence the C3 component of complement could be observed after fixation of pemphigoid antibodies to the basement membrane zone. 4. EDTA prevents binding C3 too. Only after adding Fe2+ (not with Ca2+ or Mg2+) complement IF staining is demonstrable. Apparently EDTA causes the loss of fixing antibasement zone antibodies at first. Thereafter complement staining reaction is negative. 5. Participation of C1 could not be demonstrated using indirect IF staining. The alternate pathway to activation of C3 is discussed. PMID- 56159 TI - Complement in pemphigus vulgaris and other bullous dermatoses. AB - The behavior of the complement and of its components C4 and C3 has been studied in serum and in blister fluid both in patients with pemphigus vulgaris and other bullous dermatoses and in healthy subjects with experimentally induced blisters. The results are suggestive of local activation of the complement, in the blister fluid of patients with pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus erythematosus and bullous pemphigoid according to the classical enzymatic sequence. PMID- 56160 TI - Studies on stimulation and properties of antiglobulin antibodies. III. Antiglobulin antibodies with different specificity in patients with bronchial asthma complicated by suppurative catarrh of the respiratory tract. AB - Sera from 14 of 50 patients suffering from bronchial asthma complicated by suppurative catarrh of the respiratory tract contained antibodies to homologous and heterologous gamma-globulins. The findings were attributed to hyperimmunization causing changed in antigenic properties of antibodies. Antigenically altered antibodies can act as autoimmunogenic stimuli inducing an immune response manifested by the appearance of antibodies to autologous gamma globulins and cross reacting with homologous and heterologous gamma-globulins. PMID- 56161 TI - A trial of utilizing antibodies as carriers of alkylating agents. I. Influence of cyclophosphamide and chlormethine on antigenic properties of serum proteins. AB - Electrophorograms of human and rabbit sera before and after incubation with various concentrations of cyclophosphamide and chlormethine (Nitrogranulogen) were compared. Sera of rabbits injected with chlormethine and cyclophosphamide in therapeutic doses for humans were examined for antibodies reacting with homologous and antologous gamma-globulins. Immunoelectrophorograms of sera incubated with both alkylating agents differed from those of preincubation sera with regard to number and intensity of precipitin lines. The changes in electrophorograms were related to the type and concentration of alkylating agent. No antibodies to homologous or autologous serum antigens of rabbits treated with chlormethine or cyclophosphamide were found. PMID- 56162 TI - Modification of the immunologic response. III. Physicochemical and biological properties of the serum factor of streptomycin-treated mice. PMID- 56163 TI - Marrow adipose cells. Histochemical identification of labile and stable components. AB - Two histochemically distinct populations of fat cells are present in the bone marrow with a topographic distribution paralleling that of hemopoiesis. Fat cells of red marrow stain positively with performic acid-Schiff (PFAS) whereas those of yellow marrow do not stain with this technique. When hemopoietic tissue expands in response to experimentally induced hemolysis, PFAS-positive cells of red marrow disappear whereas the PFAS-negative cells of yellow marrow remain stable. This differential staining indicates a difference in lipid composition of fat cells in red and yellow marrow and may relate to their relative stability during the expansion of hemopoiesis. PMID- 56165 TI - [Trans-perhydro-cyclopenta(1.2-c:3.4-c')difurane and -diethiphene (author's transl)]. PMID- 56164 TI - Recurrent immunogenic interstitial keratitis. Production in the guinea pig by extraocular means. AB - Combinations of intracutaneous (IC) and intravenous (IV) injections of bovine gamma-globulin (BGG) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) induced interstitial keratitis in 24 of 29 guinea pigs. For IC injection, antigen was incorporated in complete Freund adjuvant. When IC and IV BGG reactants were administered simultaneously, corneal opacities appeared after 11 to 19 days and persisted for periods of 2 to 11 days. Following a free interval, a secondary reaction of somewhat shorter duration occurred. A BGG-adjuvant emulsion administered three or five weeks after IV injection of BGG induced an accelerated and intensified response followed by a protracted course of recurring corneal opacities. Irritative brain lesions produced by implanted alumina cream or cobalt powder prior to simultaneous IC and IV antigenic treatment were associated with diminished conreal reactions (alumina) and a number of tertiary eye responses. PMID- 56166 TI - [Repair of connective tissue]. PMID- 56167 TI - [Sudeck's syndrome on the foot]. PMID- 56168 TI - [Unusual post-traumatic conditions of the child's foot]. PMID- 56169 TI - [Current viewpoint on Sudeck's dystrophy]. PMID- 56170 TI - [Estrus synchronization in cattle using chlormadinone acetate ("Bovisynchron" Jenapharm) in the tropics. 1. On the effect of blocking the cycle using chlormadinone acetate and on the introduction of this biotechnical method in the Republic of Mali]. AB - The oestrus synchronization in cattle is being tested as a biotechnical method supporting the implementation of the crossing programme in the Republic of Mali Using the latest results of sexual physiology, the effect is described of Bovisynchron Jenapharm (chlormadinonacetate). Bovisynchron is characterised by a high certainty of synchronization and a good toleration. It leads to a highly fertile oestrus of all animals and to a high rate of conception. An analysis of the situation in the Republic of Mali is used to discuss the advantages of this method. PMID- 56171 TI - Antigenic determinants of hen egg-white lysozyme in delayed hypersensitivity. I. Macrophage migration inhibition activities of lysozyme fragments. AB - Five kinds of fragments of hen egg-white lysozyme (HL) were tested by macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) assay using peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) of guinea pigs immunized with HL in complete Freund's adjuvant. (See article). These four kinds of HL fragments were also shown to be composed of the immunodominant groups of the HL molecule for circulating antibody against HL in guinea pigs. The relationships between the antigenic sites related to circulating antibody and the cellular recognition sites are discussed. PMID- 56172 TI - Antigenic determinants of hen egg-white lysozyme in delayed hypersensitivity. II. Antigenicity and immunogenicity of the N- and C-terminal peptide. AB - Various small fragments of (see article) which is one of the immunodominant groups of hen egg-white lysozyme (HL), were tested for macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from guinea pigs immunized with HL. P17 was split in the middle with cyanogen bromide. The terminal portion of (see article) showed positive MMI, whereas the non-terminal half of P17, P17i (sequence 13-27) only showed very weak MMI activity. A fragment derived from the middle portion of P17, P17m (sequence 11-22), was inactive. When P17 were reduced and alkylated, one of the resultant peptides, P17N (sequence 1-[CM-Cys-6]-27) still has MMI activity with PEC taken from guinea pigs immunized with HL, although no antibody reacting with it was detected, but P17C (sequence 123-[CM Cys-127]-129) was inactive. The peptides P17 and P17N were both immunogenic in guinea pigs in respect to the delayed hypersensitivity response. Again P17t and P17N were immunodominant groups, but the reactivity of P17i in MMI assay of this group of animals was greater than that in guinea pigs immunized with HL. The reactivities of HL with PEC taken from guinea pigs immunized with P17 or P17N were generally weaker than those of the antigens used for immunization. PMID- 56173 TI - The radioimmunoassay of steroid glucuronides. The oestrogen C-3 glucuronides as haptens. AB - Antisera were prepared against three related oestrogen ring-A glucuronides, oestrone 3-glucuronide, oestradiol 3-glucuronide and oestriol 3-glucuronide. The corresponding 6,7-3H-labelled conjugates were synthesized as radioligands and the cross-reactions of the antisera against ring-A oestrogen glucuronides and other steroid conjugates were examined. The specificity of the antiserum against oestriol 3-glucuronide was compared with that raised against oestriol 16alpha glucuronide, and the measurement of the former conjugate in late-pregnancy urine is discussed. PMID- 56174 TI - The comparative specificity of 3 oestradiol-binding proteins. Rat alpha foetoprotein, rat liver 17beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and anti-(oestradiol 6-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin) antiserum. AB - 1. The specificity of 3 oestradiol-binding proteins was studied. Two of these proteins are naturally occurring (rat alpha-foetoprotein and rat liver microsomal 17beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase) and the third is an artificially induced model, anti-(oestradiol-6-carboxymethyloxime-bovine serum albumin) gamma globulins. 2. A specific binding procedure for each protein model permitted a determination of its affinity for oestradiol and for 30 other steroids. 3. The results obtained have brought to light the different areas of the steroid molecule that are important for its recognition by each of the three proteins. The two naturally occurring proteins (alpha-foetoprotein and 17beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase) recognize the edge of the steroid defined by C-4, C-6, C-8 and C-15. On the other hand, the gamma-globulins recognize the opposite edge, i.e. that defined by C-2, C-10, C-11 and C-17. 4. Diethylstilboestrol, whose structure is analogous to that of a steroid, is only recognized by the two naturally occurring proteins. PMID- 56175 TI - The polypeptide composition of bovine epidermal alpha-keratin. AB - 1. The polypedtide chains that comprise the subunits of the tonofilaments, or th alpha-keratin component, of bovine epidermis were fractionated by combination of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and preparative polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 2. The seve polypeptide chains investigated had generalyy similar properties; all contained two residues per molecule of tryptophan and N acetylserine was the common N-terminal amino acid residue. 3. On the basis of close similarities in alpha-helix content and amino acid composition, the polypeptide chains were classified into three distinct groups. Each group contained approximately one-third of the total polypeptides on a molar basis. The groups and designated polypeptides chain numbers were: group one, polypeptides 1a and 1b, which had moleculae weights of 58,000, contained about 25% alpha-helix, 86 glutamic acid and 8 cysteine residues per molecule, but which differed in net charge, extinction coefficients and tyrosine contents; group two, polypeptides 2, 3, and 4, which hadmolecular weights within thewithin the range of 52,00-56,000, contained about 48% alpha-helix, 54 glutamic acid and 6 cysteine residues per molecule, but which differed in extinction coefficients and tryosine contents; and group, polypeptides 5 and 6, which had molecular weights of 47000 48000, contained about 56% alpha-helix, 64 glutamic acid and 4 cysteine residues per molecule, but which differed in extinction coefficients and tyrosine contents... PMID- 56176 TI - Rabbit collagenase. Immunological identity of the enzymes released from cells and tissues in normal and pathological conditions. AB - 1. The immunological cross-reactivity between rabbit collagenases from a variety of normal and pathological sources was examined. The specific antibody raised against collagenase secreted from normal rabbit synovial fibroblasts gave reactions of complete identity with collagenases secreted from fibroblasts derived from rabbit skin, and from synovium from experimentally arthritic rabbits. 2. The rabbit fibroblast collagenase was immunologically identical with collagenases obtained from the organ culture medium of normal rabbit skin, synovium, ear fibrocartilage and subchondral bone. 3. Collagenases from the culture media of normal rabbit synovium and from hyperplastic synovium of rabbits made experimentally arthritic were identical. 4. The collagenase secreted from rabbit fibroblasts gave a reaction completely identical with that of a collagenase extracted directly from a rabbit carcinoma. 5. IgG (immunoglobulin G) from a specific antiserum to rabbit fibroblast collagenase was a potent inhibitor of the collagenases obtained from the culture media of the various rabbit cells and tissues. 6. Collagenases from human synovium and from mouse macrophages and bone were neither precipitated nor inhibited by antibodies to rabbit collagenase. 7. No immunoreactive material was found in lysates of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocyte granules with the specific antisera to rabbit fibroblast collagenase. No evidence for inactive forms of rabbit collagenase in lysates of the rabbit synovial fibroblasts could be found, either by double immunodiffusion against the specific collagenase, or by displacement of active enzyme from inhibition by the IgG. PMID- 56177 TI - Purification of the Thy-1 molecule, a major cell-surface glycoprotein of rat thymocytes. AB - The Thy-1-molecule, which was identified by its antigenic activities, has been purified from rat thymocytes. The purification involved preparation of crude membranes and solubilization in deoxycholate, followed by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on antibody or lectin columns. In all cases the purified molecule was a glycoprotein that did not form higher polymers and was not associated with other polypeptide chains. The Thy-1 glycoprotein could be found in two forms, one binding to lentil lectin, the other not. Both forms had the same detectable antigens and were of a similar but not identical size. After sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis the apparent molecular weight of Thy-1 binding to lentil lectin was 25 000, whereas that not binding to the lectin was 27 000, with heterogeneity towards forms of apparently higher molecular weight. PMID- 56178 TI - Purification of the Thy-1 molecule from rat brain. AB - The present paper describes the characterization of the Thy-1 molecule from rat brain. The molecule was recognized by its antigens, which could be solubilized from brain membrane with deoxycholate. In the solubilized form the Thy-1 antigens were associated with a homogenous component with the following hydrodynamic properties: s20,w=2.2s,v=0.72ml/g and Stokes radius=3.0nm. The mol.wt. of the deoxycholateantigen complex was estimated to be 27000; these values are not significantly different from those obtained thymocyte Thy-1. Brain Thy-1 was further purified by affinity chromatography with lentil lectin coupled to Sepharose 4B, and more than 80% of the antigen was bound. The material eluted with methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside was then filtered on a column of Sephadex G 200, and only one glycoprotein was found in the antigenically active fraction. On sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis the glycoprotein was very similar to the Thy-1 from thymocytes that binds to lentil lectin. Its apparent mol.wt. on 12.5% acrylamide gels was 24000, and it electrophoresed as a symmetrical band. Brain Thy-1 was antigenically indistinguishable from thymocyte Thy-1 when analysed with rabbit antisera raised against brain or thymocyte Thy-1. PMID- 56179 TI - Studies on the in vitro turnover of histone acetyl groups and the increase of RNA synthesis in rat liver nuclei after in vivo application of alpha hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-HCH). PMID- 56180 TI - Pharmacological interactions between ditazole and anticoagulant drugs. AB - 4,5-Diphenyl-2-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoxazole (ditazole) 200 mg/kg administered orally for 3 days significantly reduced the one-stage prothrombin time in rats treated concomitantly with bishydroxycoumarin (BHC) or warfarin, orally or i.p., as compared with rats given only BHC or warfarin. No significant change occurred in heparin anticoagulant activity when it was administered to rats pretreated with ditazole for 3 days. Warfarin and BHC, in vitro or in vivo, did not influence platelet aggregation or the antiaggregating activity of ditazole. The co-administration of heparin and ditazole enhanced the antiaggregating activity of the two drugs in both in vivo and in vitro tests. PMID- 56181 TI - [The alpha-1 fractions in inflammatory states. Correlations between alpha-1 antitrypsin and/acid alpha-1-glycoprotein]. PMID- 56182 TI - Letter: Anaphylactic and anaphylactoid reactions. PMID- 56183 TI - Histamine release in human subjects by modified gelatin (Haemaccel) and dextran: an explanation for anaphylactoid reactions observed under clinical conditions? AB - Histamine release by modified gelatin (Haemaccel) and dextran (Macrodex) has been demonstrated in volunteers by direct and indirect methods. In a pilot study of Haemaccel, histamine release was observed in six of seven volunteers. The highest plasma histamine concentration was 4.8 ng/ml, the lowest 1.7 ng/ml: two of the subjects showed slight allergic reactions. Using Haemaccel batch 2551, 10 out of 12 subjects reacted to the rapid infusion of Haemaccel with increased plasma histamine concentrations, whereas none reacted to Ringer's solution. None of the 10 subjects had an allergic reaction, but an increase in gastric secretion was observed in eight. Changes in the venous basophil granulocyte count were found in both those who reacted and those who did not react to Haemaccel. After the rapid infusion of dextran the highest plasma histamine concentration was 5.0 ng/ml, the lowest 1.3 ng/ml. The withdrawal of blood had no influence on plasma histamine concentration. The incidences of histamine release produced by Haemaccel varied with different batches. Thus, it seems unlikely that immunological mechanisms are principally responsible. Nine instances of allergic and anaphylactoid reactions to plasma substitutes have been reported, seven after Haemaccel infusion, and two after dextran administration. One of the patients who received dextran died. Histamine release was always associated with Haemaccel infusion and corresponded in extent to the clinical symptoms observed, but there was no significant histamine release associated with the reactions to dextran. PMID- 56184 TI - Editorial: Hypersensitivity to intravenous anaesthetic agents. PMID- 56185 TI - A trial of Iliadin in non-specific allergic rhinitis. PMID- 56187 TI - Immunoelectrophoretic abnormality in Sera from patients with different malignant diseases. PMID- 56186 TI - Studies on the structure and immunological activity of carcinoembryonic antigen - the role of disulphide bonds. AB - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been shown to contain no free cysteine thiol groups but 6 cystine disulphide bonds. 5'5-Dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) will react with CEA only after reduction of the disulphide bonds with dithioerythritol. Reduction-alkylation of CEA using dithioerythritol and bromo-[1 14C] acetic acid confirmed the presence of 6 disulphide bonds, as did oxidation of the glycoprotein with performic acid. The products from the DTNB and reduction alkylation treatments of CEA had less capacity to inhibit the binding of [125I] CEA to anti-CEA in a radioimmunoassay than the original CEA but could, in sufficient quantities, totally inhibit the binding. Removal, using mercaptoethanol, of the thiol blocking groups from the DTNB-treated CEA resulted in a 55% recovery of antigenic activity. The product from the performic acid oxidation could only inhibit approximately 50% of the binding. Treatment of CEA with 0.533M sodium periodate (NaIO4) greatly reduced its antigenic activity, presumably a result of the oxidative cleavage of the disulphide bonds. No loss in activity, however, was observed when 5.33mM NaIO4 was used, and one Smith degradation (i.e. treatment in sequence with periodate, borohydride and mild acid) of CEA removed approximately 50% of the carbohydrate, including all of the fucose, sialic acid and 2-acetamido-2-deoxygalactose but did not change the antigenic activity. PMID- 56188 TI - Letter: Serum ferritin, alpha2 H globulin and malignant disease. PMID- 56189 TI - Proceedings: Combined effects of bleomycin and x-rays on DNA synthesis in ascites tumour cells. PMID- 56190 TI - Proceedings: Comparison of the results of detailed analysis of chromosomal aberrations in human lymphocytes after exposure to radiation and chemicals in vitro. PMID- 56191 TI - Proceedings: Interaction of bleomycin with unirradiated and irradiated DNA. PMID- 56192 TI - Proceedings: Modification of the response of mouse skin to x-irradiation by bleomycin treatment. PMID- 56193 TI - Characterization of tumour cell aggregation promoting factor from rat ascites hepatoma cells: Separation of two factors with different antigenic property. AB - The previously described glycoprotein that promotes tumour cell aggregation, derived from rat ascites hepatoma cells and capable of partial purification by chromatography, was found to be a mixture of 2 factors with different antigenic property. One was not absorbed by immunoadsorbent chromatography with anti-rat serum antibody and the other was. The action of the unabsorbed factor was clearly more potent than that of the absorbed factor. Both the factors were found in the serum of tumour bearing rats and the action of the unabsorbed factor was also more potent than that of the absorbed factor; its amount increased with time after i.p. inoculation of the cells. The serum of healthy rats contained the absorbed factor but not the unabsorbed factor. It was thus assumed that the unabsorbed factor was associated with the hepatoma cell surface itself and released into the serum, while the absorbed factor was associated with serum protein coating the cell. PMID- 56194 TI - Maternal plasma alpha-fetoprotein in normal and complicated pregnancies. AB - Plasma alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been estimated by radioimmunoassay in healthy non-pregnant adults, some of whom were taking oral contraceptives, and in women with normal and complicated pregnancies. A curve with the 90 per cent range in normal pregnancy was established. The prop&rtion of values below the 5th centile in complicated pregnancies was significantly greater than in uncomplicated pregnancies. However, three-quarters of the estimations in the complicated groups lay within the 90 per cent range. Nor correlation was found between maternal plasma AFP values and the incidence of fetal distress, small-for-dates babies or perinatal mortality. It is concluded that the measurement of maternal plasma AFP is not reliable test for predicting fetal well-being. PMID- 56195 TI - Elevated levels of maternal plasma alpha-fetoprotein after amniocentesis. AB - An elevation of maternal AFP levels was observed in 11 of 65 cases (17 per cent) after amniocentesis. It is suggested that blood samples in which AFP levels are to be measured should always be collected before and not after amniocentesis. PMID- 56196 TI - Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein and previous neural tube defects. AB - A case-control study involving 63 pregnancies showed that women who had previously had an infant with anencephaly or spina bifida did not have raised serum alpha-fetroprotein (AFP) levels in subsequent unaffected pregnancies. The value of a serum AFP determination in such women is discussed. If the serum AFP level is normal and if ultrasonography excludes anencephaly the risk of spina bifida might be low enough (about 1 per cent) to make diagnostic amniocentesis difficult to justify. Conversely, a high serum AFP value in such women should not be acted on without confirmation of an abnormality by ultrasonography and, if that is negative, by diagnostic amniocentesis. PMID- 56197 TI - Serum protein fractions from children of differing nutritional status analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and electroimmunoassay. AB - 1. The nutritional status of children showing no clinical signs of malnutrition, from the University School of Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen province, north-east Thailand and from two villages nearby, was tested. The children were grouped according to their body-weight expressed as a percentage of expected weight-for-height (Harvard standards (Stuart & Stevenson, 1959), as given by Jelliffe (1966)). 2. The differing prealbumin concentrations indicated that nutritional status differed between the groups. 3. The urinary urea: creatinine ratio was significantly lower in the village children compared with the children from Khon Kaen, indicative of the higher dietary protein intake of the latter. 4. alpha1 Acid glycoprotein and the first 'post-albumin peak' (obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of serum and containing mainly mainly Gc-globulin, alpha1 antichymotrypsin and alpha1-B-glycoprotein) were found to be significantly higher in the village children compared with children from Khon Kaen. 5. The three main proteins of the first 'post-albumin peak' from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of serum were tested separately using the electroimmunoassay method. There was no significant difference in Gc-globulin between the children from Khon Kaen and the village children. The concentration of alpha1-B-glycoprotein from those Khon Kaen children whose body-weight was more than 95% expected weight-for-height was significantly lower compared with that of village children, alpha1 Antichymotrypsin concentration was significantly higher in serum from Khon Kaen children than in serum from village children. PMID- 56198 TI - Studies on the isolation and partial characterization of apolipoprotein D and lipoprotein D of human plasma. AB - This report describes further studies on the characterization of apolipoprotein D (ApoD), a recently recognized human plasma apolipoprotein, and presents results on the isolation and distribution of its lipoprotein form, lipoprotein D (LP-D). ApoD, isolated by a procedure combining hydroxylapatite and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography, migrated on 7% polyacrylamide gel as a single band with a mobility intermediate between those of A-II and C-II polypeptides. On double diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis, ApoD reacted only with antiserum to ApoD. It was characterized by the presence of all common amino acids including half cystine. The amino terminal acid was blocked. Carbohydrate analysis demonstrated that ApoD is a glycoprotein with glucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine, and sialic acid accounting for 18% of the dry weight of ApoD. The estimated molecular weight of ApoD IS 22 100. ApoD occurs in the serum as a lipoprotein which was isolated from high density lipoproteins3 by two different chromatographic procedures. In the first procedure, high density lipoproteins3 were treated with neuraminidase and chromatographed on concanavlin A. The retained fraction containing LP-D was purified by hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Alternatively, LP-D was isolated by a procedure combining chromatography of high density lipoproteins3 or whole serum on an immunosorber containing antibodies to ApoD, and hydroxylapatite column chromatography. LP-D displayed a single, symmetrical boundary in the analytical ultracentrifuge and a single band on 7% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When injected into rabbits it produced antisera that reacted only with ApoD. On immunoelectrophoresis LP-D had a mobility different from that of lipoprotein A (LP-A). A direct immunological comparison of LP-D and LP-A showed a reaction of nonidentity. LP-D consists of 65 75% protein and 25-35% lipid. The lipid moiety contains cholesterol, cholesterol ester, triglyceride, and phospholipid. The phospholipid. composition is characterized by a relative high content of lysolecithin and sphingomyelin and a relatively low content of lecithin. We have concluded from these studies that ApoD is a unique apolipoprotein that exists in the form of a distinct lipoprotein family with a macromolecular distribution extending from very low density lipoproteins into very high density lipoproteins, but with a maximum concentration in high density lipoproteins3 and a minimum concentration in high density lipoproteins. PMID- 56199 TI - Mechanisms of chromosome banding. PMID- 56200 TI - A syndrome of systemic hyalinosis, short-limb dwarfism and possible thymic dysplasia. PMID- 56201 TI - Studies on the receptors of the MNSs group system. AB - Results with modified human red cell membrane sialoglycoproteins indicate that alkali-labile sialic acid and amino groups are parts of the erythrocyte receptor sites recognized by common rabbit and human anti-M and -N sera. The "N" antigen, demonstrable in MM glycoprotein preparations by rabbit anti-N, has structural properties which are similar to those of the MN receptors. Sialic acid, amino groups and carbohydrate, susceptible to periodate oxidation, are not involved in the Ss antigen sites. The specificity of the Vicia graminea lectin is dependent on free amino and carboxyl groups. Its affinity for the substances is increased by blocking of amino groups. PMID- 56202 TI - The occurrence of insecticides in the blood of staff of a locust control organizations. PMID- 56203 TI - The homeless person and the psychiatric services: an Edinburgh survey. AB - A representative sample (R.S.) of 79 subjects living in Edinburgh common lodging houses was compared with a clinical series (C.S.) of 44 patients from the same type of resisence. C.S. patients were more likely to be out of work, to be under 55 years of age, and to have been married as some time. They had spent much shorter times in lodging houses, in Edinburgh and at their current address. Alcoholism was rather more often diagnosed in the C.S., and personality disorder much more often. Schizophrenia tended to be found more in the R.S. The C.S. obtained higher Personal Illness and 'Character Disorder' scores. It is concluded that those subjects presenting to the psychiatric services are a highly selected group quite unrepresentative of homeless single persons in general. PMID- 56204 TI - A table for the comparison of commonly-used fractionation schemes in radiotherapy. PMID- 56205 TI - Obituary notices. PMID- 56206 TI - Ramification patterns of ganglion cell dendrites in the retina of the albino rat. AB - Ganglion cell morphology has been analyzed in the retina of the adult, albino rat by the Golgi technique and evidence has been obtained that the ganglion cells of this species show a far greater variety and complexity of organization than described previously. Both diffuse ganglion cells, whose dendrites ramify throughout the inner plexiform layer, and stratified ganglion cells, whose dendritic branching is restricted to one or two planes, have been identified. Evidence is also presented for distinct stratification of the inner plexiform layer in this species, based on radioautographic analysis following intravitreal injection of tritiated amino acids. PMID- 56207 TI - Projections from the 'cingular' vocalization area in the squirrel monkey. AB - In 5 squirrel monkeys the anatomical projections from the 'cingular' vocalization area were studied by the autoradiographic tracing technique. The 'cingular' vocalization area lies around the sulcus cinguli at the level of the genu of the corpus callosum; its electrical stimulation yields purring and cackling calls. The following efferent connections were found: corticocortical fibers could be traced into the orbital cortex (areas 10 and 11), dorsomedial frontal cortex (areas 9, 8 and 6), limbic cortex (areas 25, 24 and 23), Broca's area (area 44), frontal operculum (area 50), insula (areas 13 and 14), and auditory association cortex (area 22). Subcortical terminal fields within the telencephalon were found in the nucleus caudatus, putamen, claustrum, globus pallidus, olfactory tubercle, preoptic region and nucleus centralis and basolateralis amygdalae. Fibers reached most of these structures along different trajectories. In the diencephalon terminal fields lay in the dorsal hypothalamus, the subthalamus, lateral habenular nucleus, and the following thalamic nuclei: nucleus reticularis, ventralis anterior, centralis medialis, centralis superior lateralis, centralis inferior, submedius, medialis dorsalis and centrum medianum. In the midbrain, the periaqueductal gray was the only projection area, extending into the parabrachial nuclei at the pontomesencephalic transition. The most caudal terminal field was found in the medial pontine gray. No terminals were detected in the nucleus ambiguus, nucleus n. hypoglossi or in any other cranial motor nucleus involved in phonation processes. A comparison of this projection system with the whole of structures producing vocalization when electrically stimulated yielded only partial overlap. Not all vocalization areas lie within the 'cingular' projection system, and inversely, not the whole projection system yielded vocalization. Overlap took place in the anterior limbic cortex, preoptic region, central amygdaloid nucleus, midline thalamus, dorsal hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray and parabrachial nuclei. These structures are considered to compose a functionally coherent vocalization system. The projections into Broca's area, nucleus ventralis anterior thalami, frontoopercular cortex within the lateral fissure, pontine nuclei and superior temporal gyrus are discussed in their possible relationship to vocalization processes. PMID- 56208 TI - Electron microscopy of golgi-stained material following lead chromate substitution. PMID- 56209 TI - Critical factors involved in the demonstration of horseradish peroxidase retrograde transport. PMID- 56210 TI - Silver degeneration and autoradiographic evidence for a projection from the principal sulcus to the septum in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 56211 TI - Antigenic and morphologic comparisons of Ibaraki and bluetongue viruses. AB - Bluetongue disease virus, type 10, and Ibaraki disease virus, which causes a bluetongue-like disease of cattle, were compared to determine whether they are the same or different viruses. They were similar in morphology, but neutralization tests, complement-fixation tests, and ferritin tagging indicated that they have antigenic differences. Therefore, they should be considered as different viruses. Two other viruses of this group, African horsesickness and equine encephalosis, were included to show that Ibaraki and bluetongue had developmental morphological features that could be used to differentiate them from the two equine viruses. PMID- 56212 TI - Ultrastructural studies of the nucleoids of the pleomorphic forms of Chlamydia psittaci 6BC: a comparison with bacteria. AB - The nucleoids of the various pleomorphic forms of Chlamydia psittaci have been examined by direct observation of infected cells and by observations on isolated particles. The fixation and staining methods used were the same as those routinely used for the examination of bacteria to facilitate the comparison of chlamydial fine structure with that of bacteria. The nucleoids of reticulate bodies were composed of fine fibrils which extended throughout these particles. The nucleoids of intermediate bodies are characterized by an electron-dense mass with which the fibrous elements are associated in a structurally coherent manner. As condensation of the intermediate bodies proceeds, the electron-dense mass becomes eccentrically located and the fibers form a distinct radiating structure. Large elementary bodies have a few fibers associated with their condensed electron-dense nucleoids but the more condensed mature elementary bodies have a very discrete and homogeneous electron-dense nucleoid which is separated from the cytoplasmic elements of these particles by a very distinct electron-transparent space. These highly condensed elementary body nucleoids are usually ovoid, but may be elongated or irregular, and a small number of these structures react very strongly with ruthenium red. While the nucleoid structure of reticulate bodies resembles that of the bacterial cell, both the condensation process and the nucleoid morphologies which result from it in intermediate and elementary bodies have no parallels among the bacteria. Thus we conclude that major differences in nucleoid organization exist between the chlamydia and the bacteria. PMID- 56213 TI - Production of beta-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol and beta-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid by Candida species. AB - Two crystalline compounds were isolated from the culture filtrates of Candida species grown in synthetic medium supplemented with L-tyrosine as the sole source of nitrogen. These compounds were characterized as beta-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol (HOPEA) and beta-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactic acid (HOPLA). The production of these compounds in five species (both pathogenic and non-pathogenic) was compared and marked differences were revealed. Experiments using L-[14C]tyrosine indicated that both HOPEA and HOPLA are synthesized from L-tyrosine. PMID- 56214 TI - Chemotherapy of germ cell tumors of the testis. I. Induction of remissions with vinblastine, actinomycin D, and bleomycin. AB - Patients with disseminated testicular carcinoma were treated with the combination of vinblastine, actinomycin D, and bleomycin in an attempt to induce remission. Of 47 patients receiving an initial adequate trial of this regimen, 34% achieved a complete or partial remission; in the 18 patients with either no prior nonsurgical treatment or treatment with actinomycin D alone, the response rate was 61%. Those who attained complete response status enjoyed significant prolongation of life compared with the nonresponders or partial responders. Responses were seen in all histologic categories and were not related to the performance status of the patient at the start of the trial, to the total dose of drug in the first mouth of therapy, or the extent of hematologic toxicity produced by the drugs. Responders had a higher incidence of stomatitis than nonresponders. PMID- 56215 TI - Low dose bleomycin and methotrexate in cervical cancer. AB - Twenty patients with recurrent and disseminated carcinoma of the cervix were treated with Bleomycin, 10 mg/m2 weekly and Methotrexate, 10 mg/m2 every fourth day. Twelve of the 20 (60%) had a greater than 50% shrinking of measured tumor masses lasting a median remission time of 7.5 months. The data suggest that combination protracted chemotherapy with these drugs of metastatic cervical cancer might improve the outlook of patients with this condition. PMID- 56216 TI - Effect of surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment on alpha-fetoprotein levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. AB - Quantitative determinations of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) by radioimmunoassay in 193 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have demonstrated a wide variation in serum levels that appear to be relatively constant for each patient by the time that diagnosis is made. If there is no therapeutic intervention the serum AFP usually follows a gradual increase as the tumor progresses. A few patients have a fall in serum AFP as a preterminal event. Various forms of chemotherapy cause only minor and transient decrease in serum AFP. Surgical resection of tumor produces an immediate fall that parallels the catabolic decay rate for AFP. All AFP-positive patients treated with surgery had recurrence of their tumor with a rise in serum AFP preceeding clinical discovery. The correlation of serum AFP and effective treatment is demonstration of the usefulness of this oncofetal protein marker as an indicator of neoplastic activity for hepatocellular carcinoma and tumors with embryonal cell components and possibly for some other entodermally derived neoplasms. PMID- 56217 TI - Fetal antigens in retinoblastoma. AB - Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) levels were studied in five patients with retinoblastoma. CEA and AFP were found elevated in four of five patients prior to therapy. Following enucleation and/or radiation therapy, the elevated values were significantly lowered. This preliminary study suggests that CEA and AFP levels may be of value in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma, and that serial CEA levels may be useful in evaluation of retinoblastoma patients after treatment. PMID- 56218 TI - Gonadal and extragonadal yolk sac carcinomas: a clinicopathologic study of 14 cases. AB - Fourteen cases of yolk sac carcinoma, 10 occurring in gonadal, and four in extragonadal sites, seen at the Indiana University Hospitals from 1949 to 1974, were analyzed with respect to pathologic features, laboratory findings, and clinical course. Their histologic appearance was similar regardless of the site of origin. Two basic histologic types were observed--the more common endodermal sinus pattern and the rare polyvesicular vitelline form. The prognosis is unfavorable, but three of our cases exhibited objective responses to chemotherapy. In our small series, the better prognosis of testicular yolk sac carcinomas in children found by some authors was not evident. Four of the 6 patients with yolk sac carcinoma in which serum alpha-fetoprotein determinations were performed showed positive results. Three of these cases had residual or metastatic disease clinically. The demonstration of alpha-fetoprotein in the serum of patients with yolk sac carcinoma lends further support to the yolk sac origin of these tumors and could also prove to be of prognostic value by indicating the presence of residual or recurrent disease. PMID- 56219 TI - Alpha-1-fetoprotein in a patient with a poorly differentiated carcinoma of the anterior mediastinum. AB - A case of a mediastinal tumor which was associated with the production of AFP is described. The diagnostic significance of an elevated serum concentration of AFP is reviewed in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic clinical situations. PMID- 56220 TI - Effective bone palliation as related to various treatment regimens. AB - Various dose-time treatment plans have been used to obtain long duration pain relief in patients with metastatic bone disease. Very little has appeared in the literature evaluating the relationship of dose and fractionation to initial, delayed and permanent bone pain relief. At the Swedish Hospital Tumor Institute, 152 treatment fields in 110 patients were evaluated, with a clinical follow-up in many of over five years. Those treated at lower total doses with less fractionation achieved the same quality and duration of pain relief as higher doses. Treatment plans also were compared using the Ellis method of nominal standard dose. PMID- 56221 TI - C-type virus-associated antigens and their relevance to human leukemia control. AB - This review describes oncogenic C-type virus and virus-associated antigens as phenotypic expressions of virus activities in malignant cells and cell surface antigens acquired by malignant transformation. The range of host-immune responses to these antigens in experimental systems is discussed in relation to the immunotherapy and immunoprophylaxis of human cancer patients. PMID- 56222 TI - Autogenous immunity to endogenous RNA tumor virus: humoral immune response to virus envelope antigens. AB - Autogenous immune sera from several strains of mice have been examined for type-, group-, or interspecies-specific reactivities against leukemia virus envelope antigens and virus-induced cell surface proteins. The natural antibody of these test sera react with gp69/71, gp43, and p15 structural components on murine leukemia viruses including AKR, Friend, Rauscher, Moloney, and xenotropic BALB:virus-2. Furthermore, comparable radioimmune titration curves are obtained when these viruses are used in radioimmune precipitation assays. Competition experiments, however, suggest that natural immune sera are predominantly type specific and only weakly cross-react with the Rauscher or Friend virus. Natural immune sera react with the virion envelope but not with the virus-induced cell surface antigen. With respect to the biological activity of autogenous immune sera, there appears to be an inconsistency between the spectrum of virus precipitating antibody and virus-neutralizing antibody. Although normal mouse serum readily neutralizes xenotropic viruses (BALB:virus-2), only weak neutralization of the ecotropic viruses can be achieved in vitro. Although there is a lack of direct evidence to indicate that autogenous immunity to murine leukemia virus is involved in the control of virus-mediated neoplasia, several empirical correlations point in this direction. PMID- 56223 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to leukemia virus- and tumor-associated antigens in mice. AB - Cell-mediated immune reactions appear to play an important role in resistance against growth of leukemia cells in mice. Possible mechanisms for in vivo protection in two tumor systems are discussed. These tumor models, which are a Friend leukemia virus-induced transplantable tumor, FBL-3, and primary murine sarcoma virus (MSV) -induced tumors, are strongly antigenic; under some conditions, tumors regress completely. In mice with regressing FBL-3 tumors, cell mediated cytotoxicity was measured by release of [125I]iododeoxyuridine. The response was biphasic, with an initial peak at 10 days and a 2nd peak after 30 days. A boost in reactivity could be elicited by later challenge with tumor cells. All of the reactivity was dependent on T-cells, being eliminated by treatment with anti-theta plus complement. The specificity of the reactions was not completely defined, but it was consistent with Friend type-specific antigen plus broader, common antigens. In mice with regressing MSV tumors, strong cell mediated cytotoxicity, measured mainly by release of 51Cr, was seen against RBL 5, a Rauscher virus-induced leukemia. A single peak of response occurred at about 14 days after virus inoculation. Upon later challenge with RBL-5 cells, a vigorous and rapid secondary response was elicited, mainly in the region of tumor challenge. This cytotoxic reactivity and in vivo resistance to leukemia.lso was completely dependent on T-cells. In addition, macrophage-mediated inhibition of leukemia cell growth in vitro was seen in this system at the time of peak tumor development. The 51Cr release cytotoxicity was specific and directed primarily against an antigen, MEV-SA1, associated with mouse endogenous C-type viruses. The macrophage-induced growth inhibition appeared to be nonspecific. In both the FBL 3 and MSV tumor systems, protection against tumor growth could be adoptively transferred by immune lymphoid cells. In addition to induction of cell-mediated immunity by tumor cell or virus inoculation, cell-mediated cytotoxic reactivity was found to occur naturally in most young mice. This natural killer activity was quite distinct from the experimentally elicited reactions, being mediated by N cells, a subpopulation of lymphoid cells with no clearly identifiable cell surface markers. The natural cytotoxicity was also directed against antigenic specificities different from those recognized by the MSV-immune cells. The central issue in all of these studies has been to determine the relationships between the in vitro-detected cell-mediated reactivity and in vivo resistance to leukemia. PMID- 56224 TI - Immune response to leukemia virus and tumor-associated antigens in cats. AB - Cats represent an unusually valuable model for studying the role of the immune response to leukemia, lymphoma, and other mesodermal neoplasms. The agents that cause spontaneous feline leukemias, lymphomas, and fibrosarcomas, the feline leukemia and sarcoma viruses, are well characterized. A specific tumor cell membrane antigen, designated the feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen (FOCMA) has also been described. Feline leukemia and feline sarcoma viruses are antigenically indistinguishable, and FOCMA is common for both. Both laboratory-induced and spontaneous feline leukemias, lymphomas, and fibrosarcomas are available for study. A clear correlation has been shown between the resistance of cats to development of lethal tumors following inoculation of feline sarcoma virus and the presence of high humoral antibody titers to FOCMA. The geometric mean antibody titer to FOCMA for cats that resisted growth of fibrosarcomas was more than 20-fold higher than the mean for cats that succumbed to lethally progressing tumors. Cats with induced or spontaneous leukemia or lymphoma also have either no detectable FOCMA antibody or very low levels. Conversely, some cats resist development of leukemia or lymphoma following natural exposure to feline leukemia virus in leukemia cluster households, and these cats have high FOCMA antibody titers. These results support the concept of a natural immunosurveillance mechanism against leukemia or lymphoma development in an outbred mammalian species. PMID- 56225 TI - Immunological control of human lymphoma: discussion. PMID- 56226 TI - In vivo and in vitro measurements of the relationship of human squamous carcinomas to herpes simplex virus tumor-associated antigens. AB - An additional 244 unfiltered sera have now been studied in a series of controlled, coded tests to determine the relationship of squamous carcinomas of the head and neck and cervix to the presence of complement-fixing antibodies to herpesvirus-tumor-associated antigens (HSV-TAA) in both tumor-bearing and cured patients. Ninety % of sera from patients with squamous carcinomas had antibodies to HSV-TAA, in contrast to 11% of sera from patients with nonsquamous cancers and 4% of sera from noraml individuals. The temporal relationship of Stage 1 laryngeal carcinomas suggests that HSV-TAA appearance precedes the immune defects. An in vitro correlate of the previously demonstrated specific delayed hypersensitivity reactions in controlled skin tests of squamous carcinoma patients with HSV-TAA is reported. In leukocyte migration inhibition tests, the migration indices after incubation with HSV-TAA of peripheral blood leukocytes from patients with squamous carcinoma (x = 0.847) were in definite contrast to migration indices seen for normal leukocytes (x = 1.037) and patients with nonsquamous solid cancers (x = 1.03). Thus, these polypeptides elicit both humoral antibody response and cell-mediated reactivity. PMID- 56227 TI - Serological and epidemiological considerations of the role of herpes simplex virus type 2 in cervical cancer. AB - To assess the possible biological significance of the observations that women with cervical cancer tend to be younger at first intercourse than control women, data from 1823 women were analyzed for the relationship between age at 1st intercourse and number of sex partners. Women who were younger at first intercourse had more sex partners than did women who were older at first intercourse. The interdependence of age at first intercourse and number of sex partners does not exlude the possibility that intercourse at an early age represents a biologically significant event in which the neoplastic process is initiated. However, it is equally possible that younger women at first intercourse may have multiple sex partners and be at greater risk of coming in contact with a putative oncogenic agent later in life. In addition, sera from patients with herpesvirus infections were assayed for cross-reacting and type specific antibodies. Approximately 80% of the total antibody activity was to the cross-reacting antigen and only 20% was to the type-specific antigens in the sera of patients infected with either type 1 or type 2 virus. Among patients infected with both types of virus, less antibody activity to the type-specific antigens and more antibody activity to the cross-reacting antigens were found. These observations are discussed with respect to case-control seroepidemiological studies. PMID- 56228 TI - Herpes simplex vaccines. AB - Prospects for the development of vaccines against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and other herpesvirus group vaccines are discussed from the scientific, medical, and economic standpoints. Probably, the most practical development will be glycoprotein subunit vaccines, prepared from herpes simples virus types 1 and 2, that will be tested for prophylaxis and therapy of acute viral disease and for cancer that may be caused by these agents. PMID- 56229 TI - Combination chemotherapy of L1210 leukemia with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and 5-azacytidine. AB - 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (cytarabine; ara-C) and 5-azacytidine (5 azaCR), cytosine nucleoside antimetabolites with different mechanisms of action, are both effective in the treatment of human leukemia, and the clinical use of these two agents in combination has been suggested. We have studied the therapeutic effect in L1210 leukemic mice of single i.p. doses of ara-C and 5 azaCR in combination. Therapeutic effects observed depended markedly on the sequence and time interval between the doses of each agent. Antagonism was observed when both agents were administered simultaneously. The optimal therapeutic effect was observed when 5-azaCR was administered after ara-C at a time when tumor DNA synthesis had maximally recovered after the ara-C dose. The dose-interval effect and correlation with recovery of DNA synthesis capacity were also observed in studies in vitro in which the survival of L1210 cells in culture was examined. ara-C was shown to inhibit the incorporation of [4-14C]-5-azaCR derived radioactivity into DNA of L1210 cells in culture, and the therapeutic effects observed are interpreted in terms of these latter results and the mechanisms of action of the two agents. PMID- 56230 TI - Molecular interactions of the combined effects of bleomycin and x-rays on mammalian cell survival. AB - The interactions between bleomycin and X-ray damage and repair have been examined in rat and human tumor cells. Bleomycin itself indices extensive DNA single strand breaks but does not appear to inhibit the repair of X-ray-induced DNA single-strand breaks. Quantitative analysis of these interactions is complicated by the retention of active bleomycin within cells that remains capable of further DNA degradation even under the conditions of alkaline sucrose gradient cell lysis. DNA double-strand breaks and/or disruptions of DNA-lipid complexes also occur following bleomycin exposure. X-ray-induced excision repair replication is only minimally influenced by even high concentrations of bleomycin. A small amount of excision repair is demonstrable in nonirradiated cells treated with high concentrations of bleomycin consistent with repair of bleomycin-induced nucleotide damage in cellular DNA by a "cut and patch" repair mechanism. Repair of bleomycin-induced DNA single-strand breaks also occurs. The data indicate that bleomycin and X-ray damage are quite similar both in their induction and repair, but that lesions occur and are repaired independently. The enzymatic mechanisms appear similar in the two cell types despite substantial differences in their sensitivity to bleomycin. PMID- 56231 TI - Pulse cytophotometric analysis of cell cycle perturbation with bleomycin in vitro. AB - The kinetic response of a human lymphoma cell line to bleomycin has been analyzed, using an ICP-11 pulse cytophotometer. Bleomycin induced a delay of the cell-cycle traverse in G2 phase, the extent and recovery of which depended on drug concentration, exposure time, and cell cycle stage where treatment was applied. Different phase sensitivity for lethal damage (G2 phase) and kinetic response (early S phase) were documented. Recovery from G2 block did not predict for unimpaired reproductive capacity. PMID- 56232 TI - Microfluorometry of nuclear acridine orange metachromasia in lymphocytes of thymus, spleen, and blood of AKR and random-bred mice. AB - Lymphocyte chromatin lability to acid hyrolysis was studied using acridine orange fluorescence metachromasia in a high-lymphocytic-leukemia-susceptibility strain (AKR) and random-bred mice (ICR). Comparisons were made of blood, thymus, and spleen lymphocytes between random-bred, "normal" AKR, and leukemic AKR animals. The leukemic mice were in the stages of the disease characterized by enlarged thymus and spleen but preceding massive elevation of blood lymphocytes. The ranges of the mean chromatin acid lability overlapped and were nearly identical in peripheral blood lymphocytes. However, thymic and splenic lymphocytes showed a marked rise in mean chromatic acid lability in the leukemic animals. The ranges of the mean values of this parameter were also found to be far greater in the lymphopoietic organs of normal AKR than in the random-bred mice. The data indicate that anatomically normal AKR animals of an age in which they are highly susceptible to spontaneous lymphocytic leukemia may contain a greater number of lymphoblasts in both the spleen and the thymus than do comparable random-bred mice. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to strain differences and the concept of thymic origin of lymphocytic leukemia in mice. PMID- 56233 TI - [Protein-bound iodine in the blood serum in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 56234 TI - Spatial distribution of synapses onto thoracic motor neurones in locusts. AB - Aggregates of synaptic vesicles, stained black by the zinc iodideosmium procedure, can be visualised with the light microscope in 1 mum plastic sections. This allows the main branches of a neurone to be reconstructed relatively rapidly and the associated vesicle aggregates to be plotted. By resectioning, the identity of the vesicle aggregates has been confirmed with the electron microscope. Two flight motor neurones in the mesothoracic ganglion of the locust have been examined. One is identified as a dorsal longitudinal muscle motor neurone (muscle 112) and the other is probably a subalar neurone (muscle 99). Both have a large density of vesicle aggregates on the neuropilar segment, the widest part of the main neuronal axis, but few on the neurite within 250 mum of the cell body. The larger branches arising from the neuropilar segment tend to have a lower density of aggregates than fine branches, which suggests that synapses to the branches may occur mainly on the distal twigs. These results are an important preliminary step in determining the integrative functions of such neurons and have immediate implications in the interpretation of microelectrode recordings. PMID- 56235 TI - Quantitative changes of the C-cell population in the rat thyroid during postnatal ontogenesis. AB - The number and distribution of C-cells in the rat thyroid gland, have been investigated during postnatal ontogenesis from birth to 120 days of age. The argyrophilic and metachromatic properties of these cells were used to identify them. In the thyroid of newborn rats the C-cells do not exhibit argyrophilia and metachromasia. These reactions appear at 10 days and can be seen at all subsequent ages. The number of C-cells shows a parallel increase with age as demonstrated by the change in the proportion of C-cells: F-cells: colloid: stroma during development. A marked increase in C-cells was found at 50 days of age when the proportion of C-cells rose to 27.67% from the value of 16.78% at 30 days. At 70 days a decrease was noted (20.50%) which hardly changed until 120 days of age (22.20%). The numerical increase in C-cells occurs at the expense of the follicular epithelium and stroma. The C-cells occupy elongated islet-like region in the central part of the lells are present. The long axis of the C-cells area is parallel with the longitudinal axis of the lobe. The area of C-cells is largest at the centre of the lobe, corresponding to the territory of the peak of the Gaussian curve for the numerical distribution of C-cells. PMID- 56236 TI - Comparison of the early chromatin reaction of the mouse thymocytes incubated with phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. AB - The preliminary activation of mouse thymocytes in vitro following exposure to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin and Concanavalin A, was compared. For this purpose the ratio of the fluorescence intensity for acridine orange-DNA complex at light wave length gamma = 590 nm to the fluorescence intensity of this complex at light wave length gamma = 530 nm was determined. It was shown that 100% of thymocytes showed an increase in chromatin activity under the influence of Con A within 15 minutes of incubation, but that following incubation with PHA an increase in activity occurred only in 25% of cells and was detectable only after 60 minutes of incubation. The results show that differences in the reactivity of thymocytes to PHA and Con A concern not only the late steps of activation such as RNA, protein and DNA synthesis, but also involve the earliest responses to the mitogen. The observed differences are discussed and correlated with the different degrees of maturity of the thymocytes. PMID- 56237 TI - The use of Acridine Orange O in the laboratory diagnosis of hunam filariasis. PMID- 56238 TI - Letter: Effect of bleomycin on the synthesis of hexosamine-containing substances in cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 56239 TI - Studies on pharmaceutical modification of anticancer agents. II. Enhanced delivery of bleomycin into lymph by emulsions and drying emulsions. PMID- 56240 TI - [Inhibition of antigenic competition by immunostimulants]. AB - The diminution of immune response against SRBC induced in mice, by a prior injection of HRBC was counteracted by addition of certain immunostimulants to SRBC. The intensity of inhibition of antigenic competition was related to the quantity of immunostimulant added to SRBC. Some immunostimulants (B. abortus, lipopolysaccharide) were more active than others (C. parvum, Poly I : C). To inhibit antigenic competition immunostimulant had to be injected after or in mixture with SRBC never before. PMID- 56241 TI - [Molecular weight of human alpha2-H-ferroglobulin subunits. Comparison with molecular weight of ferritin subunits]. AB - alpha2 H globulin, a glycoferroprotein, was first demonstrated in the sera of patients with malignant diseases. This protein was isolated from cancerous human liver, and compared with ferritin, a ferroprotein showing some identical properties (presence of iron, high molecular weight, common antigenic determinants). However, physicochemical differences were observed between these two proteins. The study of protein dissociation was performed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate after reduction by mercaptoethanol. A similar molecular weight of 19 000 is obtained for subunits of these two proteins. This value agrees well with the results obtained by other authors for ferritin. PMID- 56242 TI - Muscarinic effects of vagosympathetic trunk stimulation on the repetitive extrasystole (RE) threshold. AB - The precise mechanism of the vagus in opposing adrenergic influences on cardiac vulnerability has not been defined. In the present investigation, cholinergic stimulation was produced by administering the selective muscarinic agent methacholine (MCh) and ventricular vulnerability was assessed by measuring the repetitive extrasystole (RE) threshold. MCh produced a sustained 98 +/- 12% (P less than 0.0001) increase in the RE threshold; the increase was abolished by concurrent infusion of atropine (0.2 mg/kg). When MCh was administered during beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol, however, no further increase in RE threshold occurred beyond that resulting from propranolol alone. Infusion of norepinephrine (NE), in a dose insufficient to provoke systemic hypertension, significantly lowered the vulnerable period threshold. This decrease was completely abolished by concurrent vagosympathetic stimulation (VS). It is concluded that VS affects ventricular vulnerability through its muscarinic action and that the protection against VF is in part due to modulation of neural and humoral beta-adrenergic inputs. PMID- 56243 TI - E-type prostaglandins: a new emergency therapy for certain cyanotic congenital heart malformations. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been used to maintain patency of the ductus arteriosus in four neonates with cyanotic congenital heart disease due to obstructive right heart malformations. PGE2 was infused prior to surgery, and in three patients, during surgery until a satisfactory aorto-pulmonary shunt was established. PGE2 produced consistently an immediate and persistent rise in arterial oxygen saturation, which could be ascribed to dilation of the ductus arteriosus. No major side effects occurred, except for pyrexia in two infants. All patients recovered well from surgery. We propose this treatment as preparation for surgery in any infant with congenital heart defects and ductus dependent pulmonary blood flow. The same treatment may be useful preoperatively in patients with aortic interruption who also depend on continued patency of the ductus for blood supply to the lower half of the body. PMID- 56244 TI - Immunofixation. I. General principles and application to agarose gel electrophoresis. AB - Immunofixation offers the worker an economical means of physically locating a protein in an electrophoretic strip and is ideally suited to forensic medicine, genetic studies, or research. The method is as simple and economical as the commonly used one- or two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis, yet yields considerably more information. PMID- 56245 TI - [Alpha-fetoprotein determination using erythrocyte aggregation reaction- comparison with single radialimmunodiffusion test]. PMID- 56246 TI - Waller's concept of the trophic dependence of the nerve fiber on the cell body in the light of early neuron theory. PMID- 56247 TI - A late medieval Yiddish manuscript on bloodletting. PMID- 56248 TI - Thomas Young, the physician. PMID- 56249 TI - Medicine, history and values. PMID- 56250 TI - Viewpoints in the teaching of medical history. VII. Medical history and medical education points of engagement. PMID- 56251 TI - VIII. Medical history: curio or cure? Viewpoints in the teaching of medical history. PMID- 56252 TI - A comparative study of beta-crystallin from six mammals. PMID- 56253 TI - Diuresis in the amphipod Gammarus duebeni induced by methylmercury, D.D.T., lindane and fenithrothion. PMID- 56254 TI - Reverse transcriptase. PMID- 56255 TI - The slow infection caused by visna virus. PMID- 56256 TI - Cytochemical studies on RNP complexes produced by puff 2-48BC in Drosophila hydei: uranyl acetate and phosphotungstic acid staining. AB - Differential staining of the core and RNP particles of RNP complexes in puff 2- 48 BC in salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila hydei was achieved with aqueous uranyl acetate (UA) at low pH, with UA in acetone, with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) in organic solvents, and with aqueous PTA at pH 5 And 6. A comparison of the results of UA and PTA staining under various conditions indicate that the proteins in the core region and in the RNP particles connected to it differ with respect to their amino-acid composition (arginine and lysine residues).--The staining mechanism of PTA and UA is discussed. PMID- 56257 TI - Human nucleolar organizer chromosomes: satellite associations. AB - The D and G group chromosomes from cultured human lymphocytes exhibit single and multiple satellite associations when stained with silver. Unlike earlier methods this simple and highly repeatable procedure shows physical attachments between satellited regions of various acrocentric autosomes. After studying 1,000 satellite associations from 118 normal individuals, it was found that both single and multiple associations occur with frequencies that correlate with random expectancies. PMID- 56259 TI - [Animal experimental studies on bone regeneration following drilling of the bone]. AB - Experiments in dogs showed that drilling at the surface of bone provokes damage which increases with the number of revolutions per minute. Polychrome sequence marking and histological tests demonstrated that filling up of bony defects started later with turbine-driven drills than with drills of 2,000 r.p.m. and has not even been completed after eight weeks. It is therefore recommended to abstain from using turbines in drilling at the surface of bone. PMID- 56258 TI - Preliminary characterization of enzymes for reduction of naloxone and naltrexone in rabbit and chicken liver. AB - The enzyme systems involved in the reduction of the narcotic antagonists, naloxone and naltrexone, were studied from the liver of chicken and rabbit. These secies were chosen because the relative amounts of diastereoisomeric products formed by enzymatic reduction between these species are so different; naloxone and naltrexone are converted in the chicken to 6alpha-naloxol and 6alpha naltrexol, respectively, and in the rabbit to 6beta-naloxol and 6beta-naltrexol, respectively. In the present study, the enzymes for carrying out this reduction were found to require NADPH and to occur in the soluble fraction of liver homogenates. These enzymes were precipitated at 60-70% ammonium sulfate saturation for the chicken and at 50-60% for the rabbit. Differential sensitivity to inhibitors could be shown. For example, the rabbit enzyme was more sensitive to inhibition by morphine than was the chicken enzyme. The reverse order of sensitivity was seen with ketamine. These differences in properties between the chicken and rabbit liver enzymes indicate that the alpha- and beta-hydroxy product stereoselectivity arises from two different enzymes carrying out the reduction. PMID- 56260 TI - [Disc electrophoresis of urinary proteins. Changes after exertion]. AB - The authors examined, by means of disc electrophoresis, urine, obtained from football players before and after a match of the championship of the "A" republican football group. Proteinuria after effort was manifested by a considerable excretion of albumin, but there were also serum proteins: postalbumin, transferin, gamma-globulins and fractions found at the place of alpha2-macroglobulins till a complete resemblence of serum electrophoresis. Electrophoresis of lactate-dehydrogenase revealed the presence only of two quick fractions, mainly LDH-1, which increased after effort as well. The fractions of nonspecific esterases were of predominantly tissue origin but after effort of serum origin. The results were discussed in connection with various mechanisms, which could cause proteinuria after physical effort. PMID- 56261 TI - Evoked potential decrements in auditory cortex. I. Discrete-trial and continual stimulation. AB - In experiment 1 cats were exposed to sets of clicks (trials) with 1 min inter trial-intervals to determine if the effects of repetitive stimulation on potentials evoked in the auditory cortex would be cumulative despite discrete trial stimulation. Evoked potentials were averaged to give one average evoked potential (AEP) for each trial for each electrode; there were four cortical electrodes per subject. To test for dishabituation pawshocks were given between trials 60 and 61. Subjects were paralyzed to insure stimulus constancy. The latency and peak-to-peak amplitude of each component of each AEP was measured; significant amplitude decremented; and decrements were more frequent in components with latencies greater than 15 msec. A few amplitude increments and latency changes were also observed... PMID- 56262 TI - Evoked potential decrements in auditory cortex. II. Critical test for habituation. AB - The goal of the present experiment was to rule out the hypothesis that evoked potential (EP) decrements during repetitive stimulation are due to a change in the subject's state; i.e., that the decrements are part of general, nonselective, non-specific decrement in all EPs as a result of a change in state during the course of the experiment. To this end, we obtained average evoked potentials (AEPs) to tone pips of two different frequencies; pips of one frequency were the repetitive stimuli, one and pips of the other frequency served as "test" stimuli. Before and again after a 15 min series of repetitive pips, AEPs to the repetitive stimuli and to the test stimuli were obtained. We found that from the beginning to the end of the 15 min repetitive-pip series, certain components of the AEPs to the repetitive stimuli decreased significantly in amplitude. However, comparable components in the AEPs to the test stimuli did not demonstrate significant decrements. These results suggested that the decrements were not part of a non selective, non-specific, state-related decrement in all AEPs. However, the selective decrements could have been attributable to either of two aspects of the repetitive tone pips; their repetitive aspect, or their frequency. Because there were two independent variables, a counterbalanced design was required. We found that regardless of which frequency was repetitive, there were significant decrements in the AEPs to the repetitive stimuli and smaller decrements (if any) in the AEPs to the test stimuli. This ruled out the frequencies of the tone pips as critical factors in the decrements; by the process of elimination the repetitive aspect of the stimuli remained as the critical variable. Only decrements that were specific to the repetitive stimulus were considered to be habituatory. All of the habituatory decrements were in components subsequent to the initial AEP components and had latencies in the range of 17--105 msec. In several cases, when subjects participated in a supplemental experiment, the same AEP components demonstrated habituatory decrements in both experiments. PMID- 56263 TI - [EEG effects of sodium nitroprusside and hemodynamic references]. AB - A study was performed on baboons (Papio papio) of various hemodynamic and EEG effects of sodium nitroprussiate (SNP), substance with powerful vasodilator action. Three different procedures of drug injection were used: (1) in isolation, either in doses close to those used in clinical practice or in high doses; (2) after neuroleptanalgesia (NLA); (3) after causing vasospasm. With isolated SNP, effects on blood pressure were unstable; in certain cases hypotension could be maintained only with toxic doses. Hypotension was facilitated when NLA had been previously induced. At low doses the cerebral blood flow (CBF) was practically unmodified, whereas at toxic doses it first increased then decreased. In animals under NLA, the CBF drop was only moderate, suggesting persistence of adequate spasm, CBF was significantly improved through SNP. The EEG did not undergo sizeable change at low SNP doses given in isolation; toxic doses always induced alterations with peculiar morphology, but developing only tardily after SNP perfusion was begun. This lag may indicate that hypotensive and toxic SNP effects are dissociated. These alterations suggest that screening of the EEG is necessary during prolonged administration of SNP, e.g., in surgical procedures. Combining NLA and SNP (at low doses) causes EEG deceleration, but no great alteration of the rhythms, as observed during other types of controlled experimental hypotension. Hence, cerebral circulation may be relatively well protected during SNP hypotension. PMID- 56264 TI - Visual evoked response in senile and presenile dementia. AB - The visual cortical evoked response was studied in 19 patients suffering from a condition diagnosed as senile or presenile (type Alzheimer) dementia. When compared with a group of normal subjects used as reference group, the latencies of waves II through VI were increased or markedly increased in these patients, and the amplitudes of waves III and VI (and, less consistently, those of waves II and IV) were increased. This corroborates the sparse data on other types of dementia available in the literature. PMID- 56265 TI - Blink reflex in hemiplegia. AB - An electrophysiological study of the blink reflex was undertaken in 20 normal subjects and in 28 patients complaining of central facial palsy caused by unilateral hemispheral damage. In normal subjects, the latency, amplitude and organization of R1 and R2 responses are well known. Habituation of R2 responses occurred between 1 and 2 c/sec stimulation rate. R1 responses habituated at a higher stimulation rate (5 c/sec). In patients with unilateral hemispheral lesion, our results showed that changes in the blink reflex responses were bilateral. On the hemiplegic side the responses showed a decreased amplitude, while they were facilitated on the "normal" side. However, there was no change in latency of the two components of the reflex, on both sides. On the other hand, habituation of the late component occurred on the hemiplegic side for low stimulation rates: (0.5--1 c/sec), while on the "normal" side there was less habituation (3--4 c/sec), as compared with normal subjects. These results agree with those of experimental studies on cortical modulatory influences on brain stem nuclei. They suggest a tactile origin of the two components of the blink reflex. PMID- 56266 TI - The grand mal pattern of Gibbs, Gibbs and Lennox. AB - The "grand mal" pattern of Gibbs, Gibbs and Lennox was observed in records of 14 patients during the past 3 years. It occurs most commonly in those epileptic patients who suffer from primary generalized seizures of more than one seizure type and in whom akinetic attacks are the main clinical problem. In addition, there is usually some degree of intellectual limitations. The EEG features and clinical accompaniments of the discharge were described and since the term "grand mal" discharge is not appropriate, it is suggested that it be replaced by either "generalized repetitive fast discharge", as had been suggested in the European literature, or "beta band seizure pattern". PMID- 56267 TI - The EEG in centenarians. AB - 1. The EEGs of ten centenarians were described. 2. In most healthy centenarians, posterior dominant rhythms are within the lower part of the alpha range (average 8.62 c/sec). 3. Although slowing of the posterior dominant rhythm at age 100 is greater than in younger groups, there is no evidence in this study of a progressive decrease in frequency during the two decades between 80 and 100 years. 4. Most records of centenarians contained other abnormalities, either of diffuse slowing or of slow wave foci, the latter most often in the left temporal area. 5. The relationship of the observed EEG changes to the process of aging as distinct from reduced cerebral metabolism and blood flow resulting from disease is discussed. PMID- 56268 TI - Postnatal development of human brainstem potentials during the first year of life. AB - Average brainstem potentials evoked by auditory stimuli were recorded from the scalp's surface of human newborns and infants, 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year of age as well as from normal adults. The auditory processes related to peripheral transmission (PT) and central transmission (CT) were shown to mature at differential rates during the first year of life. By the 6th week PT had reached the adult latency. In contrast, CT through the brainstem did not match that of the adult until approximately 1 year of age. In addition, the waveform of the brainstem evoked potential (BEP) displayed an independent time course for development. The adult configuration replaced the infantile response by 3--6 months. Despite considerable inter-subject variability in the BEP amplitude during the neonatal period, a general wave-form pattern could easily be delineated. Preliminary results revealed the BEP to be quite resistant to habituation following continuous stimulus presentation. Longitudinal follow-ups on several babies paralleled the transverse data. PMID- 56269 TI - A device used for study of postural reactions in the quadruped. AB - A device used for study of postural reactions associated with placing movement in the quadruped is described. The apparatus consists of three basic components; a set of 4 strain gauge platforms on which the quadruped is trained to stand, a restraining device to keep the animal positioned over the strain gauge platforms and two mobile plates which mechanically stimulate the left or the right forelimb to produce the placing movement. The contact placing reaction consists of an early phase of preparatory positioning of the body (a postural adjustment) and a later phase of limb displacement, superimposed on a postural stance, during which the animal lifts its forepaw from the ground and then replaces it on top of one of the mobile plates. PMID- 56270 TI - Laboratory note. EEG changes after acute cerebral embolism. AB - Embolism of the right middle cerebral artery regularly failed to induce clinical or electrical seizure activity during acute ischemia in primates. This negative correlation casts some doubt on the popular interpretation of seizures at the outset of clinical stroke as evidence of cerebral embolism. PMID- 56271 TI - High dose intravenous bleomycin in the treatment of advanced lymphomas. PMID- 56272 TI - Potassium-induced release of tritiated histamine from rat brain tissue slices. AB - The release of exogenous histamine was studied by superfusing brain slices following incubation with the radiolabeled amine. Histamine was released in a calcium-dependent way by 40 mM potassium. This release was high in hypothalamus and striatum and low in hippocampus and cortex. Compound 48/80, a mast cell histamine releasing agent, also induced histamine release, but only from hypothalamic tissue slices. It is suggested that the potassium-induced release of accumulated exogenous histamine is mainly from glial cells. PMID- 56273 TI - Role of striatal dopamine in delayed neurotoxic effects of organophosphorus compounds. AB - Mipafox administered to rats daily for 35 days produced ataxia and a reduction in the level of dopamine in the corpus striatum. Treatment with Leptophos for the same period produced slight motor dysfunction and a small but significant reduction in the level of striatal dopamine. Fenitrothion neither produced motor dysfunction nor changed the level of striatal dopamine. The cholinesterase activity of corpus striatum was inhibited by all the compounds. The results suggest the possible involvement of striatal dopamine in the delayed neurotoxic effects of certain organophosphorus compounds. PMID- 56274 TI - Activity of the endogenous RNA polymerase on fixed polytene chromosomes. PMID- 56275 TI - Studies on the relationship of a collapsed chromosomal morphology to the production of Q- and G-bands. PMID- 56276 TI - Immunolatex visualisation of cell surface Forssman and polyamine antigens. PMID- 56277 TI - Correlation of surface antigens and cell type in cloned cell lines from the rat central nervous system. PMID- 56278 TI - [Specific modification of Q and R bands by 5-bromodeoxyuridine and actinomycin D]. PMID- 56279 TI - Heterochromatin diversity in Cymbidium, and its relationship to differential DNA replication. PMID- 56280 TI - Peripheral blood T and B cell characteristics in a patient with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) maintained in a gnotobiotic environment. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained at 24-30 months after birth from a male with X-linked severe combined immune deficiency maintained in a gnotobiotic environment were characterized by T and B cell surface markers. A high proportion (55-80 percent) of circulating lymphocytes bore surface IgM as detected by direct immunofluorescence. A receptor for the activated C3 complement component was detected on 27-47 percent of his lymphocytes. Only 4-12 percent of the peripheral blood lymphocytes formed spontaneous rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E-R). In general, no blastogenesis was detected in lymphocyte cultures stimulated with pokeweed mitogen or phytohemagglutinin although transient slightly positive responses to both mitogens were occasionally observed. Incubation of lymphocytes with bovine thymosin Fraction V did not increase the percentage of E-R nor induce lymphocyte blastogenesis in the presence of phytohemagglutinin. PMID- 56281 TI - Projection of thalamic neurons to cat primary vestibular cortical fields studied by means of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. AB - The two vestibular cortical projection areas in the anterior suprasylvian sulcus and post-cruciate dimple regions were defined by evoked potential technique in anaesthetized cats. The thalamic location of neurons with axon terminals in these fields was determined using the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. The ascending vestibular pathway appeared to be separated also at the thalamic level, where cells in the ventroposterolateral nucleus were found to project to the post cruciate dimple and cells in the posterior nuclear group to the anterior suprasylvian vestibular cortical fields. PMID- 56282 TI - Orthograde and retrograde axonal transport of labeled protein in motoneurons. PMID- 56283 TI - [Seasonal changes in the sorptive properties of frog cerebral hemispheres and cartilaginous tissue]. PMID- 56284 TI - Enzymes of DNA biosynthesis in developing sea urchins. Changes in ribonucleotide reductase, thymidine, and thymidylate kinase activities. PMID- 56285 TI - Post-transfusion hepatitis: the role of hepatitis B antibody. AB - Aliquots from units of blood previously transfused as part of a prospective post transfusion hepatitis (PTH) study were rescreened for the presence of hepatitis B antibody (anti-HBS) to determine the effect of transfusion of such material. Anti HBS was more commin in commercial blood. Infusion of anti-HBS was not associated with an increased or decreased risk of PTH, hepatitis B, or hepatitis B (HB) exposure. Receipt of anti-HBS did not modify the hepatitis which occurred. Receipt of large amounts of anti-HBS may be associated with an increased incidence of HB events. Preexisting anti-HBS was not only not protective against PTH, but more PTH (67% versus 40%) and hepatitis B (47% versus 12%) were seen in those patients with it. PMID- 56286 TI - [A course of pregnancy with herpes gestationis (author's transl)]. AB - A 24-years old III.-para and III.-gravida was hospitalized in the 36th week of gravidity, with premature labour and distinct symptoms of herpes gestationis. It is reported in literature that the clinical picture of herpes gestationis is combined with a high rate of abortion and fetal anomalies. Therefore an intensive prenatal super vision was carried through with daily cardiotocographic controls and checkings of total estrogens in 24-hours-urine, also measurements of Alpha Fetoproteins, human placenta lactogen and serumoxytocinase. After inducting labour because of maternal indication the patient gave birth to a healthy female infant (3720 g, 50 cm) with Apgar 10 in the 39th week of gravidity. The investigation of the placenta and all biochemical parameters did not point to an interference of gravidity. The present literature is discussed. Some authors doubt that herpes gestationis is met with a high rate of abortion, stillbirth and fetal anomalies as is assumed till now. PMID- 56287 TI - [Differential staining of hamadryas baboon chromosomes with Romanovsky-Giemsa dye (G-discs)]. AB - The pattern of G-discs in the chromosomes of baboon (Papio hamadryas) was studied after staining by means of ASG method. On the basis of these data all the 20 pairs of autosomes and sex chromosomes were identified. According to the distinctness of the discs all the chromosomes were classified into 3 groups: well differentiated, faintly differentiated and moderately differentiated. The most distinct pattern of discs was obtained in slightly spiralized chromosomes. Dimorphism of the disc pattern in homologous chromosomes was observed, which is, possibly, indicative of their different functional activity. PMID- 56288 TI - [Chromosome identification in Macaca arctoides based on study of the differential staining pattern (G-discs). Comparison with Papio hamadryas G-discs]. AB - Linear chromosome differentiation pattern of Macaca arctoides was studied using the Romanovsky-Gimsa stain (G-banding). The possibility of the identification of all chromosome pairs according to these data is demonstrated. The phenomenon of the irregular intercellular and chromosome differentiation is found out and a suggestion is made about its relation to a real mosaic functional activity of cell genomes. A great similarity in linear chromosome differentiation for 2 from 42 studied chromosome types of Macaca arctoides (genus Macaca) and Papio hamadryas (genus Papio) is shown. On the basis of these data it is supposed that in the divergency process of these species the chromosome microaberrations and molecular mutations played an important role, while large chromosome reconstructions were of no importance. The similar G-banding pattern of both metacentric chromosome arms in two species is found and this suggests an isochromosome mechanism of their occurance. PMID- 56289 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of vinylite film intended for the manufacture of visual aids]. PMID- 56290 TI - [Psychobiology of human fertility in Mexico. I. Educational aspects of the universitary campaign on family planning]. PMID- 56291 TI - [Alpha 1 fetoprotein (AFP) in embryonal and fetal tissues]. PMID- 56292 TI - [Residues of persistent organo-halogenated compounds in bovine tissues]. PMID- 56293 TI - [Automobile exhaust gases--effects on health]. PMID- 56294 TI - [Anamnesis questionnaires on developmental functions in the infant]. PMID- 56295 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in retarded intrauterine development]. AB - The present paper reports on the deliveries of 16 infants exhibiting chronic intrauterine growth retardation, reflected by a birth weight between 900 and 2000 gm. All babies were delivered by caesarean section. The validity of prenatal supervising methods is demonstrated with reference to termination of pregnancy. PMID- 56296 TI - [Vaccination against viral diseases]. PMID- 56297 TI - [Various banding simultaneously obtained on the same slides, after treatment by BrdU (author's transl)]. AB - A treatment by BrdU during 24 hrs, followed by a treatment by thymidine, during 30 hrs, induces in the same preparations, many types of chromosome banding R-, Q , H-bands, and several types of asymmetry. This indicates that the BrdU is not incorporated only in some parts of the karyotype, but, on the contrary, any where, and then induces different banding according to the site of its incorporation. Above all, the type of band is determined by the period of the phase S in which the cell was at the time of the treatment by BrdU. Thus the coexistence of many types of banding may be explained here by the great variability of the cellular cycle of the lymphocytes in culture. PMID- 56298 TI - Rabbit IgG hinge region: site of group d allotypic specificity. PMID- 56299 TI - Affinity labeling of anti-DNP, anti-DNP-glycylglycylglycine and anti-DNP-p aminobenzoylglutamanate antibodies with 2,4-dinitrophenyl-epsilon-aminocaproyl diazoketone and 2,4-dinitrophenyl-p-aminobenzoyl diazoketone. PMID- 56300 TI - Analysis of anaerobic coryneform cell wall antigens by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 56301 TI - Human secretory component--IV. Aggregation and fragmentation of free secretory component. PMID- 56302 TI - Immunochemistry of bovine fibrinogen--I. immunogenic activity and diversity of antigenic determinants of reduced and carboxymethylated alpha, beta and gamma chains. PMID- 56303 TI - Effect of photooxidation of asparaginase on the antigenic reactivity towards anti asparaginase rabbit serum. PMID- 56304 TI - H blood group activity on CEA molecules. PMID- 56305 TI - The relative immunodominance of haptenic determinants on a complex hapten phage conjugate. PMID- 56306 TI - Semi-automatic solid-phase double-antibody radioimmunoassay for beta2 microglobulin. PMID- 56307 TI - The chemical nature of the combining site of rabbit anti-p azophenylphosphorylcholine antibody. PMID- 56308 TI - Fractionation of the non-histone proteins of antigen-reactive human lymphocytes: criteria for the specificity of antigen uptake. PMID- 56309 TI - Immunological heterogeneity of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). PMID- 56310 TI - Dissociation of anticomplementary and adjuvant properties of proteins derived from cobra venom. AB - The ability of preparations of cobra factor (CoF) to convert C3 via the properdin pathway (anticomplementary activity) has been demonstrated to be unrelated to its ascribed ability to convert a tolerogenic signal into an immunogenic stimulus (adjuvant activity). It has been shown that CoF preparations which have become inactive with regard to anticomplementary activity still retain full adjuvant properties. Further, when both activities are present in preparations of CoF, they can be separated by gel filtration chromatography into a fraction with approximate molecular weight 150,000 which contains anticomplementary activity and a fraction with approximate molecular weight 20,000, which contains adjuvant properties. PMID- 56311 TI - The materno-foetal transfer of carrier protein sensitivity in the mouse. AB - The anti-dinitrophenol (DNP) antibody response was examined in the 18-week-old offspring of female mice primed to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and in control unprimed animals. Comparisons were made of the response to DNP-BSA, DNP-chicken gamma-globulin (CGG) and DNP-purified protein derivative (PPD) after all offspring had been primed with DNP-CGG at 12 weeks of age. An enhanced anti-DNP antibody response was found to DNP-BSA in mice whose mothers had received BSA. It is suggested that this phenomenon demonstrates the transfer of carrier protein sensitivity from mother to foetus. PMID- 56312 TI - Effect of continued oral administration of isonicotinic acid hydrazide on changes in serum protein pattern with special reference to gamma-globulin. PMID- 56313 TI - Comparative study of various methods used for staining the mast cells. PMID- 56314 TI - A comparative evaluation, fenitrothion, dursban and malathion for the control of bed bugs. PMID- 56315 TI - The lupus erythematosus cell phenomenon: mechanisms and significance. PMID- 56316 TI - Amyloid, amyloidosis, and amyloidogenesis. PMID- 56317 TI - Urinary flow rate in benign prostatic hypertrophy. AB - Multiple urinary flow measurements were recorded on 12 men without bladder outlet obstruction, ten men with a clinically doubtful diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy, 29 men with a proven clinical diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy and eight men before and after prostatic surgery. All were over 50 years of age. Mean peak flow rates for non-obstructed men varied from 11.8 to 35.0 ml per second and the minimum threshold for mean peak flow rate in these subjects was 15.0 ml per second for voided volumes of 200 ml and above. The vast majority of subjects with obstruction had mean peak flow rates below 15 ml per second. Mean peak flow rates reverted to normal after prostatic surgery. Our findings justify the use of multiple determinations of peak flow rate as a routine screening examination in subjects who may have bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy. PMID- 56318 TI - Antibodies to radiographic contrast agents. Induction and characterization of rabbit antibody. AB - An allergic, immunologic mechanism for certain adverse reactions to radiocontrast agents has been postulated on the basis of clinical and theoretical considerations. One obstacle to the acceptance of this allergic theory has been the inability to demonstrate significant antibodies with specificity for these agents. We attempted the induction of antibodies in the rabbit using analogues of radiocontrast media. The synthesis of four different analogues of commonly used radiocontrast agents allowed for testing the haptenic potential of various portions of the contrast medium molecule. Each analogue was conjugated to a carrier protein, emulsified in a suitable adjuvant, and repeatedly injected into several rabbits. Optimal immunization conditions were selected to increase the probability of antibody induction. Specific antibody was produced in good titer to each of the four haptens and in all injected rabbits. Antibodies were characterized by means of precipitation assays and radioimmunoassay using contrast agents labeled with 125I. Antibody concentrations ranged from 0.23 to 2.7 mg/ml and varied with interval and frequency of booster injections. In addition to antibodies specific for the contrast media analogues, antibodies to the carrier protein were also detected. Antibodies were of the IgG class and in selected sera were 83-92% precipitable. The induction of antibodies to radiocontrast agents supports the allergic theory of contrast medium toxicity. PMID- 56319 TI - Axonal transport of proteins and RNA along the optic pathway. PMID- 56320 TI - The T lymphocyte surface in development. A study of the electrokinetic, antigenic and ultrastructural properties of T lymphocytes in mouse thymus and lymph nodes. PMID- 56321 TI - Differentiation of antigenic markers on B cells and on antibody-forming cells. PMID- 56322 TI - Fractionation of immunocompetent cells by free-flow cell electrophoresis. PMID- 56323 TI - Expression of major histocompatibility complex antigens on different cell types. PMID- 56324 TI - Antigen-binding structures on the surface of T lymphocytes. PMID- 56325 TI - Studies on the association of alpha2-macroglobulin with T, B and K cells. PMID- 56326 TI - Human T lymphocyte differentiation antigens. PMID- 56327 TI - Proceedings: Strain differences in the immune response to the encephalytogenic determinant in inbred guinea pigs. PMID- 56329 TI - Relationship between beet root pigment and uric acid crystals. PMID- 56328 TI - Proceedings: Antigen binding and idiotypic properties of reconstituted IgG derived from homogeneous rabbit antipneumococcal antibodies. PMID- 56330 TI - Establishing professional standards: ecologists and the public interest. PMID- 56331 TI - Comparative field cage tests of the population suppressing efficiency of three genetic control systems for Aedes Aegypti. AB - Cycling populations of Aedes aegypti were set up in cages and managed in such a way that the populations had a maximum of threefold recovery potential in response to control measures. Into three such populations daily releases were made of males which had been chemosterilised, or were double translocation heterozygotes (T1T3) or T1T3 with sex ration distortion (DT1T3). Eradication of the populations was achieved with all cases, but the rate of suppression was markedly slower with T1T3 than the other two systems, with which the rates were similar. T1T3 and DT1T3 releases introduced considerable inherited genetic loads into the target populations. The results were in general agreement with computer predictions. PMID- 56332 TI - Archetypal energy and the creative image. PMID- 56333 TI - Bacteriophage Mu-1-induced mutation to mutT in Escherichia coli. AB - Of approximately 10,000 independent phage Mu-1 lysogens, 3 had a mutator phenotype. One (mutation designated mut-49) resembled mutT1 in the frequency and types of mutations induced. mut-49 was mapped between leu and ace and was not separable from the Mu prophage. mut-49 was recessive and did not complement mutT1. mut-49, like mutT1, did not increase the reversion of the frameshift mutation lac Z (ICR48). mut-49 and mutT1 induced the same two classes of trpA78 revertants, indicating that mut-49 induced adenine-thymine leads to cytosine guanine transversions. The results support previous work indicating that the mutational specificity of mutT is gene and not allele specific. PMID- 56334 TI - Immunofluorescent polar tips of Rhizobium japonicum: possible site of attachment or lectin binding. AB - Rhizobium japonicum USDA 31 demonstrated marked polarity by binding homologous fluorescent antibody (FA) heavily on one end of the cell. FA prepared against R. japonicum strains 110 and 138, and against R. trifolii TA1 cross-reacted with strain 31 only in the polar tip region. No polar immunofluorescing tips could be seen with FA against two other strains of R. japonicum or with those against several unrelated microorganisms. Common antigens localized only in a polar region were seen in many rhizobia stained with R. japonicum 31 FA: 22 of 23 strains of R. japonicum, 10 of 17 strains of R. trifolii, 3 of 7 strains of R. melitolii, 3 of 6 strains of R. phaseoli, and 3 of 9 strains of R. leguminosarum had some cells with detectable polar tips. The proportion of R. japonicum 31 cells with polar tips was high throughout the growth cycle. Polar tip staining was not affected by drastic cell treatments. A function was proposed for the polar tip region as a site for attachment. R. japonicum 31 cells attached to each other in a tip-to-tip fashion and endwise to fungal hyphae with the polar tip in contact with the hyphal wall. Binding of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled soybean lectin to certain strains of R. japonicum gave additional evidence of polarity. Polar binding of both antibody and lectin may provide insights into relationships between rhizobia and roots of host legumes. PMID- 56335 TI - Action of fibrin-stabilizing factor on cold-insoluble globulin and alpha2 macroglobulin in clotting plasma. AB - Experiments were performed to investigate whether proteins other than fibrin are substrates for activated fibrin-stabilizing factor (FSF, blood coagulation Factor XIII, plasma transglutaminase) in clotting whole plasma. Three fluorescently labeled polypeptides were identified in serum prepared by clotting normal, but not FSF-deficient, plasma in the presence of the fluorescent amine, N-(5 aminopentyl)-5-dimethyl-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide (dansylcadaverine). The major labeled polypeptide had a Mr (estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate) of 1.6 times 10(5) and was found in the protein fraction precipitated by 33 to 50% saturated ammonium sulfate. The second had a Mr of 2.0 times 10(5), was found in the protein fraction insoluble in 33% saturated ammonium sulfate, and was precipitated by gamma-globulin directed against cold-insoluble globulin. The third had a Mr of 1.1 times 10(5) and was precipitated by 33 to 50% saturated ammonium sulfate. All three polypeptides were found in the first protein peak when labeled serum was chromatographed on Sephadex G-200. The immunoprecipitin arc containing alpha2 macroglobulin was fluorescent when labeled serum was analyzed by immunoelectrophoresis. These results indicate that alpha2-macroglubulin, cold insoluble globulin, and an unidentified third protein with a subunit of Mr = 1.1 times 10(5) are transamidated by FSF in clotting plasma. The concentration of cold-insoluble globulin was decreased in serum formed at 37 degrees from normal, but not from FSF-deficient, plasma. The depletion of cold-insoluble globulin in normal serum was partially blocked by clotting in the presence of dansylcadaverine and completely blocked by clotting in the absence of calcium ions. Sera formed at 2 degrees from both normal and FSF-deficient plasma contained less cold-insoluble globulin than plasma. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate of clots formed at 2 degrees demonstrated cross-linking of cold-insoluble globulin to fibrin in the normal, but not the FSF-deficient, sample. The serum concentration of alpha2 macroglobulin was the same as the plasma concentration irrespective of the conditions of clotting. Thus, the experiments suggest that FSF catalyzes the cross-linking of cold-insoluble globulin (but not alpha2-macroglobulin) to fibrin in clotting plasma. PMID- 56336 TI - The resurfacing of adult rabbit articular cartilage by multiple perforations through the subchondral bone. AB - The repair of articular cartilage removed from the femora of adult rabbits at the knee was studied. When multiple perforations were made through the subchondral bone a cartilaginous material, staining heavily with safranin O, first filled the holes. This material resembled hyaline cartilage, and by twelve months there was complete resurfacing of the joint, although the material lost its hyaline appearance after eight months and at one year it resembled dense collagenous tissue. PMID- 56337 TI - Flow microfluorometric analysis of sperm DNA content: effect of cell shape on the fluorescence distribution. AB - The DNA content of individual sperm from populations of acriflavine-stained cells was investigated by analysis of fluorescence frequency distributions obtained with high-resolution flow-systems instruments. Sperm with spherical or cylindrical heads from three mollusk species produce narrow, symmetric fluorescence distributions. Flat sperm heads from six eutherian species produce asymmetric distributions consisting of a peak with a lateral extension to higher fluorescence values. The unexpected shape of these distributions was shown to be due to the flat geometry and high refractive index of the sperm heads in conjunction with the orthogonal axes of flow, excitation, and detection in the flow-systems instruments. The theoretical and experimeytal results indicate that the lateral extension can be eliminated either by controlling the sperm orientation with planar flow conditions or by accounting for sperm orientation by means of orientation sensing. PMID- 56338 TI - [Chronic knee instability. Technics and results of ligament plasty in sports injuries]. AB - Chronic laxity of the knee in sportsmen is limited in practice, owing to the mechanisms of blockage of rotation, to lesions of the medial and anterior cruciate ligaments, associated or not with tears of the meniscus. Full assessment is essential to draw up a full therapeutic plan. It is very difficult, even when clinical examination is completed by excellent XRays. The great technical facility of operations of musculo-aponeurotic transposition, has led surgeons to discard plastic operations on the ligaments. They do, however, give the best chance of return to sporting activity. Two techniques are discussed, one a plastic of the medial ligament, the other designed to palliate rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. These operations are strong and precise straightaway but the prognosis depends mainly on the number of structures affected. PMID- 56339 TI - Specific immunological test for the rapid identification of members of the genus Histoplasma. AB - A sensitive and specific immunological method was developed for rapid identification of the mycelial forms of Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum, H. capsulatum var. duboisii, and H. farciminosum and for separation of these pathogenic fungi from morphologically similar hyphomycetes and other fungal pathogens. This method is based on the fact that all of the Histoplasma spp. produce H and M histoplasmin antigens, whereas the other fungi do not. Inocula consisting of heavy mycelial growth from a pure, full-grown culture were transferred into flasks containing small volumes of brain heart infusion broth. These cultures were placed on a shaker and grown at 25 C. Using the micro immunodiffusion technique and antisera containing antibodies to H and M precipitinogens, we detected exoantigens in 3-day-old brain heart infusion culture supernatants concentrated 25 and 50 times. The ability of the procedure to identify Histoplasma spp. was evaluated by testing 96 unknown mycelial cultures that grossly or microscopically resembled Histoplasma spp. Three- and six-day-old concentrated culture supernatants prepared from each unknown were tested against rabbit anti-Arthroderma tuberculatum, Chrysosporium keratinophilum, H. capsulatum var. duboisii, and Corynascus (Thielavia) sepedonium sera and human histoplasmosis case serum. Each unknown was also identified by conventional laboratory procedures involving cultural and, where necessary, in vivo studies. In the comparative evaluation the immunological test was observed to be 100% sensitive. It permitted the accurate generic identification of the Histoplasma spp. within 5 days, in contrast to the average of 33 days required by the routine mycological procedure. PMID- 56340 TI - Glomerulonephritis mediated by antibody to glomerular basement membrane. Immunological, clinical, and histopathological characteristics. AB - A prospective study was undertaken to establish the incidence of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis and its histopathological characteristics in a clinical group of patients presenting with renal disease. Biopsies from 43 of 409 consecutive patients technically satisfactory for direct immunofluorescent (IF) examination had diffuse and generalized linear localization of host immunoglobulin (Ig); two other badly scarred kidneys tested negative to IF although GBM antibodies were eluted. Confirmatory evidence of GBM antibody-mediated disease in these patients came from whole kidney or biopsy elutions (15 patients), serologic assays for circulating GBM antibodies by indirect IF (9 of 38 patients), radioimmunoassay (26 of 34), and hemagglutination (31 of 32). Although sera were not tested from six patients, circulating antibodies were demonstrated by some test in 36 of 39 of the remainder. Histologically, half of the patients had minor and nonspecific glomerular abnormalities or mild focal proliferative glomerulonephritis. More severely involved kidneys had focal necrotizing (17%), rapidly progressive (7%), and chronic, usually sclerosing, glomerulonephritis (27%). Clinical courses of these patients comparably were quite variable, ranging from indolent microhematuria and/or gross hematuric bouts to progressive renal failure; nephrotic syndrome was observed in 11 patients. GBM antibody-mediated glomerulonephritis may be a relatively mild disease with apparently stable renal function, although 16 patients have experienced functional deterioration, and 11 have progressed to dialysis, renal transplantation, or death. PMID- 56341 TI - Quantitative analysis of pregnancy-associated plasma proteins in human placenta. AB - By immunochemical methods and simultaneous measurements of several normal plasma proteins, human placenta was shown to contain elevated quantities of four pregnancy-associated plasma proteins (PAPP's). In the order of increasing amounts, PAPP-A, PAPP-C, PAPP-B, and human chorionic somatomammotropin (PAPP-D) all were present in placenta extracts in quantities greater than could be expected on the basis of their content in maternal blood. In sharp contrast, the placental content of pregnancy zone protein could be entirely accounted for by the maternal plasma present in the placenta. All of the PAPP's appeared to be readily extractible from placental tissue with buffered saline, the large bulk of them being solubilized in the first extraction procedure. However, absorption studies indicated that appreciable quantities of the PAPP's were still present in the insoluble placental residue after 12 sequential extractions with saline. The chorioamniotic membranes were not significantly enriched in any of the PAPP's. Immunochemical analysis of unwashed placental tissue extracts for the PAPP's IgA, and IgM (maternal blood derived), as well as albumin and transferrin (maternal and fetal blood derived), permitted calculations to be made of the amount of blood and PAPP's in placenta. On the basis of these data, it was roughly estimated that a 400-g placenta (wet weight) would occupy 312 ml in volume, and would contain 144 ml of blood. Of this blood, 36 ml would be derived from the mother. PMID- 56342 TI - Metabolism of thyroxine-binding globulin in man. Abnormal rate of synthesis in inherited thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency and excess. AB - It has been previously suggested that inherited thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) abnormalities in man may be due to mutations at a single X-chromosome-linked locus controlling TBG synthesis. However, abnormalities in TBG degradation have not been excluded. The availability of purified human TBG and its successful labeling with radioiodide allowed us to examine such possibility. Human TBG was purified by affinity chromatography, labeled under sterile conditions with 131I or 125I,, and mixed with [125I]thyroxine (T4) or [131I]T4, respectively, before their intravenous injection. Blood and urine samples were collected over a 10-day period, and the turnover parameters were calculated. In eight normal volunteers mean values +/-SD for TBG and T4 respectively, were as follows: Half time (t1/2) 5.3 +/- 0.4 and 7.0 +/- 0.6 days; distribution space (DS) 7.2 +/- 1.0 and 10.8 +/ 1.2 liters; and total daily degradation (D) 0.211 +/- 0.053 and 0.088 +/- 0.011 mumol/day. In all subjects, t1/2 of TBG was shorter than that of T4; and the DS was smaller. 2.4 mol of TBG was degraded for each mole of T4. In five of six subjects from four families, comprising hemizygous and heterozygous carriers of TBG absence, decrease, and excess, the t1/2 and DS for TBG were within the normal range. The D of TBG was proportional to the serum concentration of the protein. Changes in the T4 kinetics in these patients were compatible with euthyroidism and with the known alterations in the extrathyroidal T4 pool associated with the changes in serum TBG concentration. A striking decrease in the t1/2 of TBG was found only in a patient with acquired diminution in TBG concentration and in patients with thyrotoxicosis or other conditions apparently unrelated to thyroid dysfunction. TBG t1/2 was 2.5 days in a patient with multiple myeloma and 3.6 days in two patients with thyrotoxicosis. Decreased TBG t1/2 was also observed in three of six patients with nonthyroidal pathology and was associated with an increase in TBG D disproportionate to their level of serum TBG. These studies indicate that changes in TBG concentration in patients with X-chromosome-linked TBG abnormalities are due to alterations in its rate of synthesis. In other conditions, abnormalities of TBG degradation and/or rate of synthesis may be found. PMID- 56343 TI - Brain-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Homogenized tissue from the frontal cortex of normal human brains obtained at postmortem examination was used to absorb lymphocytotoxic antibody from the serum of six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Four absorptions of all of the SLE sera with equal volumes of homogenized brain tissue at 4 degrees C depleted their cytotoxic capacity more than 90%. Three of the six sera, however, retained some lymphocytotoxicity despite extensive brain absorption. Absorbed lymphocytotoxic antibodies were eluted from brain tissue absorbents at 37 degrees C. Cytotoxicity of the brain eluates was blocked by antibodies to human IgM (mu chain specific) but not anti-IgG. The unabsorbed SLE sera, brain-absorbed sera, and brain eluates were equally cytotoxic to T (thymus-derived) and B (bone marrow derived) cells fractionated from normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Thus, the lymphocytotoxic antibodies in SLE serum exhibit no preference for circulating human T cells. An analysis of the clinical records of 40 patients with SLE whose serum cytotoxic capacity had been determined revealed that circulating lymphocytotoxicity is greater in sera of patients with central nervous system (CNS) manifestations than in other SLE patients. This observation suggests a possible role for brain-reactive lymphocytotoxic antibodies in the development of CNS disease in SLE. PMID- 56344 TI - Residues of chlorpyrifos, its oxygen analogue, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in milk and cream from cows fed chlorpyrifos. PMID- 56345 TI - Prenatal antecedents of child health, development, and behavior. An epidemiological report of incidence and association. PMID- 56346 TI - The choice of symbols. PMID- 56347 TI - Transplacental fetal-maternal hemorrhage: a review. PMID- 56348 TI - Sudeck's atrophy. A case report. PMID- 56349 TI - G-band patterns of swine chromosomes. AB - A simple inexpensive and reproducible G-banding technique for swine chromosomes is described that permits precise identification of individual chromosome pairs. The G-bands were obtained by either SSC (saline-citrate-solution), or trypsin pretreatment methods. PMID- 56387 TI - Markovian analysis of cervical cell images. AB - Markovian analysis is a method to measure optical texture based on gray-level transition probabilities in digitized images. Experiments are described that investigate that classification performance of parameters generated by Markovian analysis. Results using Markov texture parameters show that the selection of a Markov step size strongly affects classification error rates and the number of parameters required to achieve the maximum correct classification rates. Markov texture parameters are shown to achieve high rates of correct classification in discriminating images of normal from abnormal cervical cell nuclei. PMID- 56388 TI - Automatic leukocyte classification using cytochemically stained smears. AB - A leukocyte classification algorithm suitable for automated differential counting has been developed for blood smears stained with a new three-component cytochemical stain which has relatively narrow absorption bands centered at 460, 540 and 640 nm, respectively. The classification procedure is the result of a pattern recognition experiment using a sample of 223 leukocytes distributed evenly over the five normal cell types. The basic data for each cell were three digital microscopic images obtained with narrow band illumination at the above central wavelengths using a TV-digitizer system interfaced to a PDP-15 computer. The classification algorithm involves a sequential decision procedure utilizing five pattern features computed from the intensity histograms of the green and blue digital images. Thus the number of arithmetic operations and the number of computer memory words necessary to perform the classification into one of the five normal white blood cell types are both proportional to n where n is the number of gray levels into which the intensity scale is divided. In this experiment, n equals 256. Comparison of our results with work of others on smears prepared with Romanowski-type stains indicates that such narrow-band, spectrally well separated cytochemical multiple stains can permit the use of algorithms which are approximately ten times faster. PMID- 56389 TI - Quantitative fluorescence spectrophotometry of acridine orange-stained unfixed cells. Potential for automated detection of human uterine cancer. AB - After staining with acridine orange (AO), the nuclei of unfixed cells from the human female genital tract exhibited the same fluorescence behavior previously observed for human and murine leukocytes and mouse ascites tumor cells. With staining conditions chosen to assure saturation of the green-fluorescing AO nucleic acid complex in normal cells, corrected fluorescence emission spectra were recorded from the entire nucleus of 341 cells taken from 32 normal and 28 abnormal patients. Intensity of the recorded spectra was expressed in phosphor particle units, a fixed arbitrary unit of fluorescence intensity, to display intensity differences among the spectra from the various cell types. In all abnormal samples, one or more cells were found with 530-nm nuclear fluorescence intensity considerably greater than the maximum intensity recorded from normal cells. Determination of the adequacy of 530-nm nuclear fluorescence intensity as a criterion for cancer detection requires additional investigation. Additional criteria, if needed, may be supplied by the metachromasy of AO-stained unfixed cells. PMID- 56390 TI - Studies on human monocytes with a multiparameter cell sorter. AB - Suspensions of human lymphocytes and monocytes separated by the Ficoll-hypaque method from the peripheral blood show a Coulter volume distribution, measured with a multiparameter cell sorter, characterized by a minor peak at 500 mu3, containing 5-15% of the cells, and a major peak at 200 mu3. Using fluorescent latex particles we have found that the monocytes, the cells that ingest the latex particles, all lie in the 500 mu3 peak; conversely, all of the cells in the 500 mu3 peak are monocytes. When the cell suspensions are incubated, the monocytes increase both the average volume and in absolute numbers. The number of monocytes approximately doubles during 3 days of incubation, when it reaches its maximum value. At that time we have found that all of the monocytes lack receptors for sheep red blood cells and all possess receptors for human gamma-globulin. The increase in monocyte number appears, therefore, to arise from the enlargement of "monocyte presursors" that resemble lymphocytes in volume and resemble both the monocytes and the B lyphocytes with respect to surface sheep red blood cell and human gamma-globulin receptors. PMID- 56391 TI - Combined blood cell counting and classification with fluorochrome stains and flow instrumentation. AB - A multiparameter flow cytophotometer was used to count and classify fixed human blood cells fluorochromed with a mixture of ethidium bromide (EB), brilliant sulfaflavine and a blue fluorescent stilbene disulfonic acid derivative (LN). The system measures light scattered by the cells and absorption at 420 nm for all cells. In addition, nuclear EB fluorescence (540 leads to 610 nm) and cytoplasmic fluorescence from LN (366 leads to 470 nm), brilliant sulfaflavine (420 leads to 520 nm) and EB exicted by energy transfer from LN (366 leads to 610 nm) are measured for all nucleated cells. This information is sufficient to perform red and white blood cell counts and to classify leukocytes as lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils or neutrophils. Light scattering and/or nuclear and cytoplasmic fluorescence values may be further analyzed to obtain the ratio of immature to mature neutrophils. Counts produced by the system are in reasonable agreement with those obtained by electronic cells counting and examination of Wright's-stained blood smears; some discrepancies appear to be due to systematic errors in the manual counting method. PMID- 56392 TI - Rapid staining methods for analysis of deoxyribonucleic acid and protein in mammalian cells. AB - Quantitative fluorescent staining and analysis of cellular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were accomplished using three groups of reagents having different mechanisms of action for DNA binding. These reagents included (a) the fluorescent antitumor antibiotics mithramycin, chromomycin A3 and olivomycin; (b) the Feulgen reagents acriflavine and flavophosphine N and (c) the intercalating dyes ethidium bromide and propidium iodide. Propidium iodide (PI) was used in combination with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to stain both cellular DNA and protein, respectively. Multiparameter analysis of PI/FITC-stained cells provided a direct correlation of DNA and protein for cells in all stages of the cell cycle. Nuclear to-cytoplasmic ratio determinations were also performed on PI/FITC-stained cells by analysis of the time duration of the red (DNA) and green (protein) fluorescence signals from each cell. These staining and analysis techniques provide alternative methods for directly determining the quantitative relationship between cellular DNA and protein and will be extremely useful in investigations where fluctuations of these parameters are of importance for assessing experimental results. PMID- 56393 TI - A new type of two-color fluorescence staining for cytology specimens. AB - A new two-color fluorescence staining technique for cervical cytology specimens is described. To permit application of this staining in automated cytology, techniques for specimen collection and cell preparation giving a sufficient number of well-separated cells on slides were used. The staining consists of a combination of a modified Feulgen-acriflavine procedure for DNA and a primulin or stilbene isothiocyanate staining for protein. This results in a bright yellow nuclear fluorescence and a blue cytoplasmic fluorescence. The staining procedure can be completed in about 90 min and is therefore suitable for routine application. Sequential inspection of the yellow nuclear and blue cytoplasmic fluorescence can be done with the two-wavelength excitation method used in fluorescence microscopy. For the application of this method, special vertical illuminators are now available. These illuminators are provided with quickly interchangeable filter sets permitting consecutive visualization of, for example, only the nuclei in the first image and the whole cell in the second image. This procedure opens new possibilities for rapid image-analysis systems. PMID- 56394 TI - Dimethyl sulfoxide-lead tetraacetate method for histochemical oxidation of polysaccharides. AB - Oxidation of fixed tissues and unfixed peripheral blood smears by 1% (w/v) lead tetraacetate in dimethyl sulfoxide for 10 to 60 min resulted in facile induction of tissue carbonyls readily demonstrable with Schiff's reagent and by sodium bisulfite addition reaction, followed by toluidine blue staining at controlled pH. Tissue carbonyls represented a broad range of oxidation-labile substrates and included neutral polysaccharides (glycogen). The oxidation procedures were not destructive to tissues and were characterized by technical simplicity and consistent reproducibility, thus affording a substantial improvement over the hitherto used methods of histochemical oxidation by lead tetraacetate. PMID- 56395 TI - Ultrastructural histochemical localization of acid phosphatase in salivary glands of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The ultrastructural histochemical localization of acid phosphatase in salivary glands of third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster has been studied. Using Gomori's lead phosphate method for acid phosphatase detection, the optimal incubation time in the reaction medium was determined to be 30 min. When glands having wild-type acid phosphatase activity are incubated for this time, deposition of the final reaction product is observed in essentially every lysosome and artifactual staining is minimal. PMID- 56396 TI - Resistance to tumor growth mediated by Listeria monocytogenes. Destruction of experimental malignant melanoma by LM-activated peritoneal and lymphoid cells. AB - A murine experimental model of nonspecific tumor destruction mediated by cells activated by Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is described. B16 melanoma growth is prevented or suppressed in the syngeneic host when tumor cells are inoculated in contact with viable LM. In vitro, cultured B16 cells are destroyed by LM immune peritoneal or splenic cells in the presence of the bacterial antigen(s). Activation of LM immune cells in vitro is immunologically specific. Replacement of LM by sheep red blood cells or bovine serum albumin in the in vitro cultures aborts the cytotoxic effect. Further, no tumor cell killing is obtained when thioglycollate-induced or normal peritoneal cells are substituted for LM immune cells in the in vitro cultures. Normal spleen cells in the presence of LM are weakly cytotoxic for B16 cells. Normal peritoneal cells plus LM or LM alone are not. Elimination of thymus derived "T" cells by anti-theta C3H or rabbit anti mouse brain serum (RAMB) abrogated the cytotoxic effect. Therefore, LM-induced tumor destruction probably occurs through nonspecific mechanism(s) consequent to activation of host "T" cells by specific immune reactivity to LM antigen(s). PMID- 56397 TI - Modulation of help and suppression in a hapten-carrier system. AB - Provision of beta-galactosidase (GZ) under defined conditions of dose and time can either help or suppress a subsequent response to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-GZ in CBA/J mice. The optimal helper effect occurs when 10(7) spleen cells from mice primed 9 or more days previously with 10 mug GZ are adoptively transferred to irradiated recipients which are than challenged with 10 mug TNP50GZ. Optimum suppression results from the transfer of spleen cells from mice primed 3 days previously with 100 mug GZ and challenge of recipients with TMP150GZ. Both help and suppression are carrier-specific and mediated by T cells. In experiments where helper or suppressor cells were mixed with normal cells, the anti-TNP response was proportional to the number of primed cells transferred. The results point to a wave of suppression as the initial event after immunization, which is succeeded by period in which the helper effect dominates. PMID- 56398 TI - Complement-induced histamine release from human basophils. II. Mechanism of the histamine release reaction. AB - The activation of human serum complement by incubation with zymosan generates C5a which releases histamine from autologous basophils. The characteristics of the C5a-induced histamine release were investigated. It is similar to IgE-mediated reactions in requiring Ca++ and in being inhibited by EDTA. However, it has marked differences from IgE-mediated reactions. C5a, at all concentrations, released histamine completely in less than 2 min. The C5a reaction has a narrow pH optimum that antigen-induced release and occurs well at 17 degrees to 37 degreesC but not at 0 degreesC. The optimal reaction temperature is 25 degrees to 30 degrees C. Unlike the antigen-induced release, no two-stage activation with C5a for the release of histamine could be demonstrated. There was additive release between C5a- IgE-mediated reactions. Leukocytes could be desensitized to the C5a-mediated reaction by 1) incubating the cells at 37 degrees C for 45 min, 2) pretreating the leukocytes with activated serum in the presence of EDTA, and 3) adding the activated serum to the leukocytes at 0 degrees C before transferring to the optimal reaction temperatures. Cells desensitized to the complement-induced release have normal reactions to IgE-mediated histamine release. In parallel experiments, cells from allergic donors desensitized for IgE mediated reactions by incubation with antigen under sub-optimal conditions release histamine normally upon the addition of C5a. The results indicate that histamine release by C5a involves a mechanism of basophil activation that is different from the pathway involved in the IgE-induced reaction. PMID- 56399 TI - Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. VII. Suppressive effect of irradiated MLC cells on CTL response. AB - Irradiated cells obtained from MLC at the peak of the CTL response caused profound suppression of generation of CTL when added in small numbers at the initiation of primary MLC prepared with normal spleen cells. The inhibitory activity of the MLC cells was not affected by irradiation (1000 rads) but was abolished by treatment with anti-theta serum and complement. The suppression was immunologically specific. The response of A (H-2a) spleen cells toward C3H (H-2k) alloantigens was suppressed by irradiated MLC cells obtained from MLC prepared with A spleen cells and irradiated C3H-stimulating cells, whereas the response of A spleen cells toward DBA/2 (H-2d) alloantigens was affected relatively little. However, if irradiated C3H X DBA/2 F1 hybrid spleen cells were used to stimulate A spleen cells in MLC, addition of irradiated MLC cells having cytotoxic activity toward C3H antigens abolished the response to both C3H and DBA/2 antigens. The response to DBA/2 antigens was much less affected when a mixture of irradiated C3H and DBA/2 spleen cells was used as stimulating cells. Thus, the presence of MLC cells having cytotoxic activity toward one alloantigen abolished the response to another non-cross reacting antigen only when both antigens were present on the same F1 hybrid-stimulating cells. This suppression of generation of CTL by irradiated MLC cells apparently involves inactivation of alloantigen-bearing stimulating cells as a result of residual cytotoxic activity of the irradiated MLC cells. This mechanism may be active during the decline in CTL activity noted in the normal immune response in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 56400 TI - A new alloantigenic system associated with the Mls locus in the mouse. AB - An antiserum prepared by injecting C3H/HeJ mice with CBA/J tissue has been shown to react with cell surface components that are not part of any previously described system of serologically detectable alloantigens. The antiserum, which is designated AST-101, acts selectively in cytotoxic tests carried out with lymphoid cells, killing B cells, but not T cells. Phagocytic cells found in peritoneal exudates are also killed by AST-101 and complement in vitro; the sensitivity of other cell types has not been determined. Strain distribution does not indicate any association of the AST-101 system with H-2, Ly, or Thy systems; genetic analysis reveals close linkage with the mouse minor MLC-stimulating (Mls) locus. Serologic analysis also points to a close association between antigens reactive with AST-101 and the products of the Mls genes. PMID- 56401 TI - Response to antigenic determinants of Neisseria meningitidis lipopolysaccharide investigated with a new radioactive antigen-binding assay. AB - Adaptations of the Farr technique have resulted in a specific and reproducible radioactive antigen-binding assay for antibodies directed against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Neisseria meningitidis. LPS was intrinsically labeled with 14C acetate during 16-hr growth in a modified Frantz media, extracted by hot phenol-H2O, and purified by dialysis, ultracentrifugation, and ethanol precipitation. LPS, which aggregates in aqueous solutions, was maintained in a monomeric form in 3% sodium deoxycholate (NaD) as determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. Since NaD is insoluble in (NH4)2SO4, polyethylene glycol, 20%, was used to precipitate immunoglobulins of all three major classes. PMID- 56402 TI - SPECIFIC positive and negative selection of rat lymphocytes reactive to strong histocompatibility antigens: activation with alloantigens in vitro and in vivo. AB - This study compares the functional properties of rat thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) after stimulation with strong alloantigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) either in vitro in preparative mixed lymphocyte interactions (MLI) or in vivo in systemic graft-vs-host (GVH) reactions. Comparisons were made of PHA responses and reactivity to the specific priming haplotypes or to third party haplotypes in analytical MLI and in GVH reactions either before or after the activated populations were "parked" in syngenetic T cell-deprived (B) rats. These comparisons can be summarized as follows: 1) TDL populations primed in bulk MLI cultures (MLI-TDL) slowed some evidence of specific positive selection when tested immediately; MLI responses to specific alloantigens were both relatively large and accelerated in tempo, whereas responses to third party alloantigens were diminished but also accelerated in tempo. Specific GVH responses were more marked than in third party recipients but they were also decreased relative to normal, and displayed an abberant dose/response slope. MLI-TDL populations tested after they had been stored in syngeneic B rats showed clear evidence of stable specific positive selection; specific MLI and GVH responses were enriched relative to third party responses and also in comparison to normal, unselected TDL populations. This finding indicates that GVH and MLI reactivity are probably both functional capacities of the same lymphocyte subpopulation since positive selection by one function (MLI) also enriched for a second (GVH). 2) Parental strain TDL activated in vivo in the systemic GVH reaction in irradiated F1 animals and recovered from the thoracic duct 3 to 4 days later (late GVH-TDL) consisted mainly of blast cells, however, in contrast to MLI-TDL these populations showed no evidence of positive selection when tested before or after parking in B rats. MLI responses to specific alloantigens were minimal, and greatly reduced in magnitude compared to normal. GVH responses to specific haplotypes could be detected, but these were not enriched compared to normal, despite the content in the late GVH-TDL populations of a significant proportion of blast cells presumably activated by host alloantigens. 3) Early collections (less than 40 hr) of parental strain GVH-TDL collected from F1 recipients contained no blast cells and showed impressive degrees of negative selection; they were markedly depleted of both GVH and MLI activity to specific alloantigens but displayed normal reactivity to third party alloantigens. Moreover, specific negative selection was persistent in these populations parked for several weeks in B rats, and indication that a specific subpopulation of reactive cells had been physically eliminated. 4) PHA responses of both MLI- and GVH-activated TDL populations tested either before or after parking in B rats were approximately normal on a per T cell basis... PMID- 56403 TI - Effect of proteolytic digestion on the structure and function of human properdin. AB - Human properdin (P) was found to be sensitive to the action of trypsin, chymotrypsin, pepsin, and Streptomycetes caesipitosus protease. Incubation of P with these enzymes resulted in loss of its functional activity and the production of antigenically deficient components compared to untreated P. Upon incubation with trypin, P was initially cleaved into a minor fragment and a major fragment. Further degradation ot the fragments occurred with prolongation of inculation time. The minor fragment was highly susceptible to further proteolysis compared to the major fragment which contained the carbohydrate moiety of the molecule. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of trypsin-digested P suggested that the subunit polypeptide chains were initially cleaved at similar points to produce the major and minor fragments. The sedimentation velocity of the major fragment was higher than that of the intact molecule. The implications of these observations of the configuration of P are discussed. PMID- 56404 TI - Characterization of T and B antigen-binding cells for beta-galactosidase. I. beta galactosidase-binding cells in the thymus and spleen of normal mice. AB - The results reported in this paper demonstrate that the enumeration of cells binding beta-galactosidase (Z) as an antigen, revealed by subsequent substrate hydrolysis, is an excellent method for the detection and study of antigen-binding cells (ZBC). The binding found is specific and is restricted to a small number of lymphocytes that bind a large number of Z molecules via surface receptors. Such ZBC were found at mean frequencies of 150 per 10(6) in the thymus and 200 to 300 per 10(6) in the spleen. The binding cells of both organs were heterogenous with individual ZBC binding from 10(5) to 10(6) molecules of enzyme as determined by substrate hydrolysis, although this might well be an overestimate of the number of actual receptors. The profiles for the frequency of ZBC binding different numbers of molecules were nearly identical for thymus and spleen, in contrast to descriptions of the binding of many other antigens. Receptors responsible for Z binding appear to be superficially located on the cell since they are trypsin sensitive to a large extent and are not increased by fixation. PMID- 56405 TI - Inhibition of stimulation in murine mixed lymphocyte cultures with an alloantiserum directed against a shared Ia determinant. AB - Pools of high titered alloantisera were raised by immunizing (B10.A/SgSn X A/WySn)F1 mice with C57BL/10Sn(B10) spleen cells. This serum (F1 anti-B10), when added to one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), inhibited stimulation of B10.A splenic responders by both B10 and B10.D2/nSn irradiated, splenic stimulators. The B10 stimulation was suppressed approximately 85% whereas the mean suppression of B10.D2 stimulation was approximately 60%. In the ofrmer case, the serum contained antibodies reactive with multiple major histocompatibility complex determinants on the stimulator cells. In the latter case, the cytoxic reactivity of the serum was directed principally against an I region-associated determinant Ia.8) shared by B10 and B10.D2 and coded for by a gene(s) in the I-A subregion. The magnitude of the suppression of the response to B10.D2 cells (60%) was similar to the reduction in stimulation observed when the Ia.8 difference was eliminated genetically by using (B10 X B10.A)F1 responder cells against irradiated B10.D2 stimulators. Ihhibition of MLC by this antiserum was a function of reactivity with stimulator and not responder cells. Although some pools of F1 anti-B10 antiserum produced partial inhibition of the responder cell in a B10.D2 vs B10.Ax MLC combination, the results were inconsistent and not correlated with the anti-Ia.8 cytotoxicity titers. In addition, an F1 anti-B10 antiserum pool, which consistently failed to inhibit the responder cell, nevertheless inhibited both irradiated B10.D2 and (B10.A X B10.D2)F1 cells from stimulating B10.A responder cells. However, this same antiserum did not inhibit stimulation of B10.D2 responder cells by the (B10.A X B10.D2)F1 stimulators. Thus, the binding of antibodies to the non-stimulating antigens on the F1 stimulator cell did not interfere with the capacity of the appropriate stimulating antigens to cause stimulation. All of these results are consistent with the hypothesis that Ia allo antigens are the major stimulating determinants of I region-associated MLC reactions. PMID- 56406 TI - Motheaten, an immunodeficient mutant of the mouse. II. Depressed immune competence and elevated serum immunoglobulins. AB - Mice homozygous for the recessive mutation motheaten (me) are deficient in capacity for immune response but show an elevated level of serum immunoglobulins. In comparison to spleen cells from normal sibs, spleen cells from me/me mice have a severely depressed 19S PFC response to SRBC. In the GVH assay, spleen and thymus cells from motheaten donors caused significantly weaker reactions than like cells from normal sibs. Serum electrophoretic patterns of motheaten mice showed increased levels of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-globulins and decreased levels of albumin. Increases in quantities of all major classes of immunoglobulins were found in serum of me/me mice 5 weeks of age and older. Elevation of serum IgM was evident by 3 weeks of age and had reached 25 times the levels in normal sibs by 6 weeks of age. Immunoelectrophoresis and Ouchterlony analysis showed motheaten serum to have both kappa and lambda2 light chains. Evidence of autoimmunity was found in motheaten mice in the granular deposition of IgM and IgG in kidney glomeruli. Motheaten mice, thus, appear to have a severe immune deficiency, but the basic nature of the deficiency is not yet known. PMID- 56407 TI - Effects of sodium periodate modification of lymphocytes on the sensitization and lytic phases of T cell-mediated lympholysis. AB - Sensitization of mouse splenic lymphocytes in vitro with sodium borohydride, suggesting that the biologic effects of sodium periodate are-treated autologous spleen cells stimulated a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction and led to the generation of thymus-derived cytotoxic effector cells. These effectors were capable of lysing in 4 hr periodate-treated syngeneic and, to a lesser extent, periodate-treated allogeneic target cells. These results suggest that sensitization by periodate-treated autologous cells could result either from a specific reaction to modified self components or from a nonspecific mitogenic stimulation. Effector cells generated by allogeneic sensitization were detected on periodate-modified targets, irrespective of the H-2 antigens expressed by the targets. The effects of periodate modification on both stimulator and target cells were reversible by sodium periodate are dependent on the formation of a free aldehyde group on cell surface glycoproteins. Pretreatment of stimulator cells with neuroaminidase prevented the effect of periodate treatment, suggesting that the sensitization involves oxidized sialic acid residues. During the 4-hour 51Cr-release assay periodate-treated targets could be used to detect cytotoxic effector cells of any specificity. Fresh spleen cells and lymphocytes cultured for 5 days without antigen or in the presence of lipopolysaccharide did not lyse periodate-treated targets. An increasing level of cytotoxicity was detected on periodate-treated targets when the effector cells were generated, respectively, by stimulation with concanavalin A, by sensitization with periodate-modified autologous cells. Although the lysis of periodate-treated targets is itself nonspecific, effector cell specificity could be determined by selective blocking of the lytic phase with cells syngeneic to the stimulators. These results indicate that a nonspecific interaction can occur between lymphocytes and periodate-treated target cells, but that this interaction leads to lysis only when the lymphocytes were activated to become cytotoxic effectors. PMID- 56408 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to nuclease. II. Detection of idiotypic determinants by the inhibition of antibody-mediated nuclease inactivation. AB - The humoral response of mice to staphylococcal nuclease has previously been shown to be controlled genetically by H-2-linked Ir gene(s). In order to examine the possible contributions of variable region immunoglobulin genes to this genetic control, we have developed a system for the detection of idiotypic determinants on anti-nuclease immunoglobulin molecules. Antisera to nuclease were raised in two high responder strains, A/J and SJL. The corresponding antibodies were purified by affinity chromotography on Sepharose-nuclease columns, and were used to immunize groups of Lewis rats. An assay system was developed to assess the inhibition of antibody-mediated inactivation of nuclease activity by the rat antisera thus produced. Despite the presence of many species-specific anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibodies in these sera, inhibition of antibody-mediated enzyme inactivation was found to be specific for anti-nuclease antibodies of the immunizing strain. The inhibition could not be removed by extensive absorption with normal serum proteins from the antibody-producing strain, and was shown to require antibodies directed toward binding sites of the anti-nuclease antibodies. This inhibition thus defines idiotypic determinants of anti-nuclease antibodies. PMID- 56409 TI - Antibodies specific to isoniazid and isonicotinic acid. AB - Rabbit antisera to isoniazid (INH) and its major metabolite, isonicotinic acid (INA), were prepared by immunization with conjugates of these compounds with human serum albumin. The antisera were rendered hapten-specific by exhaustive absorption with the immunizing carrier. Purified anti-hapten antibodies were also isolated with appropriate immunosorbents. As demonstrated by inhibition of the quantitative precipitin curves and of precipitating immune complexes in immunodiffusion tests, the antibodies to the two haptens reacted with either INH or INA, and also with isonicotinamide (INC); these three related molecules share the isonicotinyl group. The relative effectiveness of inhibition by free hapten of precipitating immune complexes consisting of either anti-INH or anti-INA antibodies and the related hapten-protein conjugates was INH greater than INC greater than INA. PMID- 56410 TI - Reconstitution of the somatic (O-) antigenic scheme for Providencia and preparation of O-typing antisera. AB - The somatic (O-) antigens of the type strains of the providencia antigenic scheme were examined for their biochemical reactions and their O-specificities. The scheme of 62 O-antigens was reconstituted from 52 original type strains and 10 strains substituted for originals that either were biochemically atypical of the genus or showed inappropriate serological reactions. Thirty-six type strains showed no significant relations with other type strains, and antisera could be used for typing without absorption. Among 26 type strains, significant reciprocal relations were demonstrated, and each cross-reacting antigen was examined for specificity and for its distribution among the type strains. Antisera to these strains required absorption with cell suspensions of other type strains for production of specificity in O-typing. Each typing antiserum, at low dilution, was shown to agglutinate homologous, but not heterologous, cell suspensions of type strains, and this result demonstrated the required specificity for typing on the basis of the O-antigens. PMID- 56411 TI - Relation of e antigen to hepatitis B virus infection in an area of hyperendemicity. AB - A study of the e determinant of hepatitis B surface antigen in an area of hepatitis B hyperendemicity revealed that the presence of e antigen or of antibody to e in the sera of individuals was specifically related to evidence of past or present infection with hepatitis B virus. Among asymptomatic long-term carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen, presence of the e antigen was associated with elevated levels of aspartate and alanine aminotransferases in serum; this observation suggested that the e antigen might be a marker for persisting hepatic dysfunction. Higher levels of DNA polymerase found in carriers of the surface antigen with e antigen suggested that these individuals might have a higher level of circulating Dane particles and thus, perhaps, a higher level of hepatitis B virus infectivity. PMID- 56412 TI - Retention of lipolytic products in chylomicrons incubated with lipoprotein lipase: electron microscope study. AB - Early effects of lipolysis on the structure of chylomicrons in vitro were studied in rat chylomicrons incubated with purified bovine mild lipoprotein lipase at pH 8.1. The amount of the albumin added to the incubation medium was limited so that free fatty acids (FFA) and partial glycerides formed during lipolysis would accumulate in the chylomicrons. The structures visualized in lipolyzed chylomicrons was found to be affected by pH during preparation of specimens for microscopy, whether fixed with OsO4 and sectioned, or stained with sodium phosphotungstate and examined as whole mounts. Circular aqueous spaces were present in the triglyceride core of lipolyzed chylomicrons processed at pH 8.1 and 7.4. Sometimes the spaces contained aggregates of osmiophilic material and whorls of bilayered lamellae. The spaces were replaced by lamellar structures having a periodicity of 40 A, in chylomicrons processed at pH 5.5, and the spaces and lamellae were both absent at pH 3.0. The findings indicate that these spaces were lined by a lipid monolayer which formed bilayered lamellae under certain conditions. It is concluded that the monolayer lining the aqueous spaces is an inward extension of the chylomicron surface film produced by the accumulation and movement of lipolytic products, FFA and partial glycerides, in the interfacial plane between core triglyceride and water. PMID- 56413 TI - Irradiation treatment of inoperable squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity and oropharynx after partial synchronisation. AB - Bleomycin has proved to be an efficacious cyclus-synchronising drug in the sense that it arrests the radiosensitive G2-phase directly. In comparison with 5-Fluor uracil, Bleomycin possesses a more effective cell-kinetics. An analytical clinical remission with the application of Bleomycin, coupled with a higher incidence of local and general side effects. PMID- 56414 TI - Effect of obesity on endogenous fibrinolytic activity in diabetes mellitus. AB - Examination of the fibrinolytic system of 221 diabetics with varying grades of under- and overweight revealed not only an elevated fibrinogen level and a significantly decreases spontaneous and stimulated fibrinolytic activity in obesity, but also a highly significantly decreased activity of plasminogen activator of the vessel walls in these patients. Similar, but less marked, changes were found in obese non-diabetics. Thes changes imply a decreased ability to remove fibrin deposits within the lumina of small and large vessels and thus an increased risk of thrombosis, and they may be closely related to the high frequency of late complications in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 56415 TI - Preliminary observations on the epidermal melanocytes of Thai (Mongoloid) skin: DOPA--reaction and electron microscopic studies. PMID- 56416 TI - The serological classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. I. Isolation of the outer membrane complex responsible for serotypic specificity. AB - Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been subdivided into several classes of serological distinct groups. The serotyping system is based upon the antigenic specificity of a protein serotype antigen. This protein is the major polypeptide of the outer membrane of the gonococcus and accounts for over 60% of that membrane's total protein. The serotype antigen complex was isolated by mild extraction of intact organisms in 200 mM lithium acetate buffer, pH 6.0 with 10 mM EDTA for 2 h at 45 degrees C. The extract was fractionated on Sepharose 6B and partially purified by precipitation at pH 4.2 by addition of 10% (vol/vol) acetic acid. Each serotype antigen has a unique subunit molecular size as determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Preliminary typing of a gonococcal strain may be performed by comparative SDA-PAGE. To date, 16 different serotypes, representing a diverse distribution, have been isolated. PMID- 56417 TI - Requirement of precommitted cells as targets for the augmentation of lymphocyte proliferation by leukocyte dialysates. AB - After our initial report tha leukocyte dialysates containing transfer factor augment the thymidine incorporation of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes, we have adapted the system to microleukocyte cultures. This modification permits both (a) the simultaneous assay of a single dialysate on the cells of multiple individuals, and (b) the assay of multiple dialysates on the cells of a single individual. The data thus secured, demonstrate that dialysates from both skin test-positive and -negative donors produced similar degrees of augmentation whether the data are expressed as an arithmetic difference or as a ratio. When expressed as an arithmetic difference, the amount of augmentation is increased in proportion to the level of thymidine incorporation of the assay cells when they were stimulated by antigen alone. When expressed as a ratio, however, the degree of augmentation is independent of the response of the assay cells. An analysis of the ability of dialysates to engage previously uncommitted lymphocytes and thus to augment thymidine incorporation, revealed that precommitted cells were required. In these experiments, antigen-reactive cells were deleted from populations of peripheral blood lymphocytes by incubation with purified protein derivative of tuberculin, diphtheria toxoid, or streptokinase-streptodornase in the presence of [3H]thymidine of high specific activity. This deletion depressed or abolished the effect of dialysate on the residual population when it was recultured with the same antigen, but the effect on the response of the remaining lymphocytes to other antigens was unaltered. In this study, leukocyte dialysate appeared to augment nonspecifically the thymidine incorporation of an antigen specific precommitted clone of lymphocytes. The relationship of these adjuvant effects on peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro to the specific and nonspecific activities of transfer factor in vivo remains to be elucidated. PMID- 56418 TI - Gangliosides as markers for murine lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Antibodies to GM1 ganglioside were used to study murine lymphocyte populations. In A, AKR, and BALB/c mice, anti-GM1 reacts with thymocytes and peripheral T cells. This reactivity of anti-GM1, studied by immunofluorescence, is independent of Thy-1 type and appears to be related to the reactivity of cross-reacting antibodies to asialo GM1 and GD1b, rather than GM1 itself. In addition, a subpopulation of lymphocytes reacting with anti-GM1 and anti-immunoglobulin has been found in approximately 26% of the peripheral lymphocytes of C3H mice, nude mice, and nude heterozygotes. This subpopulation is found in small numbers in A, AKR, and BALB/c mice. These studies demonstrate that antibodies to a chemically defined antigen can be used to identify T cells in many strains of mice and may delineate previously unrecognized lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 56419 TI - Idiotypic analysis of lymphocytes in vitro. II. Genetic control of T-helper cell responsiveness to anti-idiotypic antibody. AB - When the IgG1 fraction of anti-idiotypic antibodies raised in guinea pigs is injected into mice, sensitization of idiotypic T and B lymphocytes occurs (1-3). In the present study we analyze the genetic requirements for T-helper cell sensitization by anti-idiotypic antibody. This was done by measuring, in a suitable panel of mouse strains, helper cell responsiveness to two anti-idiotypic reagents which recognize distinct, strain-specific idiotypes, namely the A5A and the S117 marker. Whenever helper cell sensitization by anti-idiotypic antibody was successful, helper function could be specifically inhibited by the same and only the same anti-idiotype. This indicates that helper cells induced by anti idiotypic antibody express idiotypic determinants on their receptors for antigen. Helper cell sensitization by anti-idiotypic antibody was found in all strains expressing the corresponding or a cross-reactive idiotype at the immunoglobulin level. Idiotype-negative strains were always unresponsive to anti-idiotypic stimulation. In addition, responsiveness did not depend on the H-2 haplotype. Since the A5A and the S117 idiotype are markers for V genes in the heavy-chain linkage group, the present results support the view that the same genes in the Ig 1 complex code for variable portions of immunoglobulins and T-helper cell receptors. PMID- 56420 TI - X-gp70: a third molecular species of the envelope protein gp70 of murine leukemia virus, expressed on mouse lymphoid cells. AB - Three variants of the gp70 envelope component of MuLV are now recognizable serologically: GIX-gp70, 0-gp70, and X-gp70. The last of these, X-gp70, has so far been found only in mice or cells producing abundant C-type virus. This distinguishes X-gp70, provisionally, from the GIX-gp70 and 0-gp70 variants, each of which can be expressed on normal thymocytes without accompanying virus production, as exemplified by mouse strains 129 and B6, respectively. The X-gp70 genotype, however, is not limited to strains of mice-producing abundant virus, because X-gp70+ leukemias occur in strains of mice which do not produce a great deal of virus and whose thymocytes and other tissues are X-gp70-; this is analogous to the appearance of GIX+ leukemias in GIX- mouse strains. PMID- 56421 TI - Characterization of amyloid fibril proteins from medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. AB - Amyloid fibrils were studied from two different tissues of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MCT). The fibrils mainly consisted of a low molecular weight protein, AMCT, which was immunologically distinct and did not react with various antisera against known amyloid fibril proteins. A specific antiserum raised against the MCT amyloid proteins gave a reaction of identity with the degraded MCT amyloid fibrils from two patients, as well as with the isolated AMCT protein, but showed no reaction with other known amyloid proteins. The AMCT protein had a blocked N terminus, but the sequence analysis of a cyanogen bromide fragment revealed identity with human calcitonin in the 11 positions studied. Although the amino acid composition was similar, there were also distinct differences, and the mol wt of 5,700 daltons was considerably larger than that of calcitonin. For these reasons the AMCT protein may represent a prohormone of calcitonin. PMID- 56422 TI - Identification of additional antigenic sites on Dane particles and the tubular forms of hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - Additional antigenic sites, distinct from those present on spherical 20 nm diam. particles of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), are exposed on the surface of Dane particles and tubular forms of HBsAg. The immunological relationship of these sites to e-antigen, an antigen detected earlier in HBsAg-positive sera from patients with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis or acute hepatitis but not in healthy HBsAg-carriers, was established by immune electron microscopy and affinity chromatography. These findings suggest that e-antigen may be potentially useful in active immunization against hepatitis B. PMID- 56423 TI - Cycloheximide alters axonal transport and subcellular distribution of dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity. PMID- 56424 TI - Labelled proteins in rabbit vagus nerve between the fast and slow phases of axonal transport. PMID- 56425 TI - A kinetic analysis of sodium dependent glutamic acid transport in peripheral nerve. PMID- 56426 TI - Redistribution of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase in an isolated nerve segment of the rabbit vagus nerve. PMID- 56427 TI - Levodopa alone and in combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide (Madopar) in the treatment of Parkinson's disease: A controlled clinical trial. AB - A combination of levodopa and the extracerebrally acting decarboxylase inhibitor benserazide (ratio 4:1) (Madopar), was compared with levodopa alone in a controlled double-blind clinical multicenter trial on 94 patients with Parkinson's disease. During 4 months of therapy levodopa + benserazide proved superior to levodopa on several accounts. Nausea and vomiting occurred with statistically significant less severity and frequency. Clinical improvement expressed through improvement in Webster rating occurred sooner and was all together greater. The treatment schedules did not differ with regard to other side effects, in particular involuntary movements and reduction in supine blood pressure. Neither treatment seemed to influence liver function, renal function and hematological parameters. PMID- 56428 TI - An uncommon case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with isolation of a virus from the CSF. AB - An atypical case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is described, characterized by early manifestation, a long lasting course with asymmetry of the lesions, absence of bulbar symptoms in the presence of an otherwise very advanced symptomatology, and constant signs of an inflammatory reaction in the CSF which was the reason to initiate extensive virological studies, including procedures for virus isolation. A virus belonging to the TbE complex of arbovirus group B (tick-borne flavivures), was finally isolated from the CSF. About 70% of the ALS cases in Hamburg/W. Germany, examined for antibodies, apparently had contact with this virus. The antibody pattern found made it possible to explain this exceptional case. PMID- 56429 TI - [Cerebral vasoparalysis, arterial hypertension and brain edema (author's transl)]. AB - The present studies were performed in order to determine whether "filtration edema" will develop as a consequence of cerebral vasoparalysis, vasoparalysis in combination with arterial hypertension or arterial hypertension alone. A series of dogs, anaesthetised with i.v. Chloralose-Urethane were exposed 1) to cerebral vasoparalysis, produced by hypercapnia (PaCO2 about 150 mm Hg) and hypoxaemia (PaO2 40-60 mm Hg); 2) to arterial hypertension and 3) to a combination of cerebral vasoparalysis and arterial hypertension. Following cerebral vasoparalysis and arterial hypertension, a significant decrease of total cerebrovascular resistance and moderate increase of venous resistance was observed. Regional cerebral blood flow (133Xe), intracranial pressure, as well as the pressure in postcapillary venous outflow (sinus sagittalis wedge pressure and confluence sinuum pressure) were increased. Neither normotonic vasoparalysis nor vasoparalysis in combination with slight arterial hypertension (MABP more than 90 min above 180 mm Hg) resulted in cerebral edema. In contrast, cerebral vasoparalysis in combination with severe arterial hypertension (MABP more than 90 min above 220 mm Hg) resulted in a statistically significant increase in the water content in the white matter without evidence of protein extravasation. Multiple small foci of Evans blue extravasates, however, were found in the cortex following arterial hypertension in combination with vasodilation, indicating a damage of the blood brain barrier. In these blue stained cortical areas the water content was significantly in creased. The following conclusions were drawn from the results. Vasoparalysis during normotension does not produce brain edema despite the slightly elevated hydrostatic pressure gradient between intravasal and extracellular space. Only considerable increase of this hydrostatic pressure gradient caused by a combination of vasoparalysis with severe arterial hypertension is able to produce brain edema in the white matter. In addition, acute hypertension may cause minor multifocal damage of the blood brain barrier in the cerebral cortex. It is concluded that so-called brain swelling, which has been described by several authors in states of cerebral vasoparalysis, is not predominantly caused by brain edema but by vascular congestion. The clinical aspects of the result are discussed. PMID- 56430 TI - Transfer factor therapy in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - Thirteen patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (S.S.P.E.) at different stages of the disease were admitted for transfer factor treatment. The transfer factor was prepared from non-selected blood bank donors. The activity of the transfer factor was tested in patients with diseases other than S.S.P.E. and was found to be either clinically or immunologically active. Regardless of the number of transfer factor units applied a significant influence on the course of the disease was not apparant. The observed intermittant improvement of 3 patients was considered as spontaneous remission which is known to occur occasionally in S.S.P.E. The humoral and cellular immune response before and after transfer factor therapy did not reveal significant changes which could be correlated with transfer factor therapy. PMID- 56431 TI - The significance of perivascular infiltrations in multiple sclerosis. AB - 143 autopsy cases of multiple sclerosis (19 acute and 124 chronic cases) were analysed histologically for the extent of active demyelination and the degree of infiltration within and outside the demyelinating lesions and in the leptomeninges. The results were compared with the duration of the illness. Infiltrations were found in 60% of all cases but more often (74%) in those with active demyelination. Inflammatory lesions outside demyelinating foci were observed in 27% of the total, and in 80% of them active demyelination was present. Inflammatory lesions in the meninges were present in 41% of the total and in 80% of these were accompanied by active demyelination. The duration of illness correlated with decreasing severity of active demyelination and of perivascular infiltration. Patients treated with cortico-steroids and/or immunosuppressive substances showed no or only moderate inflammatory lesions. The duration of illness in both these groups was significantly longer than the average of untreated patients. The significance of these pathological findings for the CSF cytology in multiple sclerosis is discussed. PMID- 56432 TI - Niemann-Pick's disease. Clinical, biochemical and ultrastructural findings in a case of the infantile form. AB - A diagnosis of Niemann-Pick disease type A was made in a 6-month-old boy on the grounds of progressive psychomotor retardation, hepatosplenomegaly, typical foam cells in the bone marrow and a deficiency of sphingomyelinase in a liver biopsy. Typical ultrastructural changes in lysosomes were found in hepatocytes and in Schwann cells. In spite of the absence of gross morphological changes in the axons and in the myelin sheath of the peripheral nerve biopsy, the nerve conduction velocity in the patient was greatly reduced. The ultrastructural aspect of the lysosomal inclusion suggested the storage of a phospholipid. Biochemical analysis of the liver biopsy demonstrated an increased content of total phospholipid of which sphingomyelin made up for more than 60%. The significance of these data are discussed. PMID- 56433 TI - [An autopsy case of olivocerebellar and thalamic degeneration, diffuse sclerosis and hypertrophic neuropathy: infantile system degeneration? (author's transl)]. AB - The brain of a 21-year-old man with imbecility and spastic tetraplegia since early childhood showed a diffuse sclerosis of the cerebral white matter and symmetrical degeneration of the thalamus and olivocerebellar system. The spinal nerve roots as well as proximal branches of the spinal nerves were hypertrophic and there was seen a marked fibrosis with some onion-bulb formations of Schwann cells. In spite of a possible relation to an unknown infection at the age of 3 months this case could preferably be regarded as a peculiar form of the combined system degeneration in the early childhood, including the cerebral white matter and peripheral nerves. An uncle of the patient had died of a similar nervous disease at the age of 20 years. PMID- 56435 TI - Late effects of brain biopsy. AB - 303 patients underwent brain biopsy; 20 patients were available for a follow-up EEG examination, up to 16 years after the biopsy. 4 patients (20%) had focal fits starting within 6 months after the intervention. In the EEG of 15 patients (75%) 2 varieties of focal abnormalities appeared: "trepanation activity" which, for reasons discussed below should be regarded as an abnormality; and other focal features, including spikes, more often seen in patients with epilepsy. It is concluded that irritative brain lesions appear in a considerable number of patients after brain biopsy. The decision of performing this diagnostic procedure should be made after taking in consideration that: by enhancing the possibility of a correct diagnosis we may induce focal seizures in every fifth patient and irritative phenomena in three fourths of their EEG'S. PMID- 56434 TI - Primary leptomeningeal sarcomatosis. Clinicopathological report of six cases. AB - 6 autopsy cases of primary leptomeningeal sarcomatosis are presented as a distinct nosological entity with a variable clinical picture and morphology in 5 males and 1 female. The clinical course from onset of symptoms till death ran for only a few weeks in most cases. 2 infants showed brain tumor symptoms and signs. 2 patients of advanced age presented a polyradiculoneuritic syndrome and 2 young adults had spinal cord compression symptoms and a mixed clinical form. In almost all cases, clinical symptoms and signs were for most of the course confined to one part of the neuraxis. The CSF was distinctly abnormal in all cases, showing elevated protein, depressed glucose and pleocytosis of variable extent. CSF sediment was investigated in 3 cases in all of which malignant tumor cells were found so a diagnosis of malignant meningeal tumor was made during life. Electron microscopy of CSF cells in 1 case confirmed the primitive character of the tumor cells. Complete autopsies revealed absence of any neoplasm outside of the CNS. Gross meningeal involvement was visible in all cases. Histologically, 3 tumor types were distinguished: polymorphic cell sarcoma, an undifferentiated form, and fibrosarcomatosis. Clinical data are analyzed in order to distinguish the condition from other neoplasms or infectious, especially tuberculous meningeal infiltrations. CSF cytology studies are considered the most useful step in clinical diagnosis. Neuropathological features are reviewed with stress on differentiation from malignant lymphomas of the CNS, diffusely spreading medulloblastoma, meningeal melanoblastosis and gliomatosis. The origin of meningeal sarcomatosis cells is briefly discussed. The use of the term "meningeal meningiomatosis" for this condition is deprecated. PMID- 56436 TI - Amyloid-like material in odontogenic tumors. AB - Various types of odontogenic tumors (epithelial, mesodermal, and mixed tumors) were studied for the presence of amyloid material. Highman's Congo red and Wolman's standard toluidine blue methods were used for diagnosing amyloid. Of all types of odontogenic tumors studied, only the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors contained material that might be interpreted as amyloid-like. PMID- 56437 TI - Implant pellets I: effects of compression pressure on in vivo dissolution of delmadinone acetate pellets. AB - A formulation containing 95% delmadinone acetate was compressed at three different pressures. These pressures resulted in a pellet density difference of 19%. In vivo dissolution profiles were determined for five lots of pellets. The pellets were implanted subcutaneously in rats, removed periodically, and assayed chemically for remaining steroid. The resulting data were fit, using the computer program NONLIN, to a dissolution model. The dissolution rate for the lot with the lowest density made at the lowest compression was statistically (p less than 0.05) different from the four other lots. A possible explanation for this increased dissolution rate could be that channeling occurs within the pellet, thereby increasing the effective dissolving surface. The results also indicate that equivalent dissolution rates between lots are reached at a certain compression and density. PMID- 56438 TI - Fast axoplasmic transport in the fibres of chromatolysed neurones. AB - 1. The rate of fast axoplasmic transport in cat sensory nerves was determined in sciatic nerves above transections made low in the popliteal fossa some 6-165 days beforehand. The pattern and rate of movement of the crest of labelled components in the nerve fibres after injecting the L7 dorsal root with [3H]leucine was used to characterize fast axoplasmic transport. 2. The mean rate and S.D. found on the transected side was 424 + 33 mm/day compared with 432 +/- 34 mm/day for the control nerves. These rates were not significantly different and were similar to the rate of axoplasmic transport previously reported to be 410 +/- 50 mm/day. The results gave little support for the hypothesis that a speeding up of the rate of fast axoplasmic transport is the signal for the initiation of chromatolysis. 3. The amount of transport shown by the level of activity in the crests on the chromatolytic and control sides relative to the "pool" of radioactive materials remaining in the cell bodies of the ganglion were also similar. The significance of these findings was discussed with respect to changes in the cell bodies known to take place during chromatolysis and the stability of the axoplasmic transport mechanism in nerve fibres. PMID- 56439 TI - [Contribution to the scintigraphic diagnosis of malignant endothoracic tumors by 57Co labeled Bleomycin (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report the results of the exploration by 57Co Bleomycin scinitigraphy in 97 thoracic tumors. The Bleo-57Co scintigraphy detects primary and secondary malignant tumors underevaluated by classical tests. In the thorax, the radioactive focus are easily detected on account of the light physiological fixation of the Bleo-57Co. It is particularly interesting in the mediastinal tumors where the picture is not covered by cardiovascular interference. Mediastinal, pleural and costal tumors have been explored. Pulmonary tumors give the best results, they fixe in 93% of the case. All the mediastinal tumors have capted the bleomycin but the authors insist on the fact that the fixation was very light even when the tumor was a large one. The exploration of pleural and costal tumors was less interesting. In conclusion, the Bleo-57Co scintigraphy, gives indications about the volume of the tumor and its spread in the organism. By this method, we can diagnose malignancy in tumor. It can be used to survey cancer patients which have been treated. Nevertheless the long half-life (270 days) and the lack of specificity of the Bleo-57Co for the malignant tumors, justify discussion about indications and the results of such an exploration. PMID- 56440 TI - Steroid effects on human endometrial glycoprotein biosynthesis. AB - Human endometrium from the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle was incubated with 3H- and 14C-labelled glucosamine and [3H]leucine. Incorporation into secreted extracellular glycoprotein and accumulation of the label into the microsomal fraction were measured. When oestradiol or progesterone were added to the medium, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), ethynodiol diacetate and chlormadinone acetate reduced incorporation of glucosamine and MPA reduced incorporation of leucine into glycoprotein. MPA reduced the amount of glucosamine in the microsomal fraction and also had an effect on amino acid transport within the endometrial cells, as indicated by intracellular alpha-aminoisobutyric acid space measurements. These results and the ratios of 3H and 14C in the microsomal fraction and secreted protein suggest that MPA has a primary effect in decreasing amino sugar incorporation and a secondary effect in reducing amino acid incorporation into glycoprotein. PMID- 56441 TI - Educational materials reviewed for AVLINE. AB - The need for a central source of information regarding the availability, suitability, and quality of educational materials has led to the development of AVLINE. AVLINE is a computer information service available through the MEDLARS system of the National Library of Medicine. The Association of American Medical Colleges is gathering information from faculty members concerning useful materials and is bringing together content specialists, instructional designers, and technical specialists to review these materials. Information on materials that are recommended is provided to the National Library of Medicine to be cataloged, indexed, and abstracted for ultimate listing in AVLINE. Twenty-eight percent of the material has not been recommended; the many reasons for low ratings are categorized under content quality, instructional design, and technical quality. PMID- 56442 TI - Effects of (Na+ + K+)-ATPase-specific antibodies of enzymatic activity and monovalent cation transport. AB - Antibodies have been obtained that specifically interact with the transport enzyme (Na+ + K+)-activated ATPase. The antigen used was purified (Na+ + Ka+) ATPase from canine renal medulla. Purified gamma globulin from immunized animals, but not from control animals or preimmune serum, inhibited (Na+ + Ka+)-ATPase from canine renal medullar with reduction of activity to 33 +/- 4 (SD)% in concentration-dependent manner. Maximum inhibition occurred in less than 5 minutes at 37 degrees C. The Mg++ -dependent, nonouabain inhibited component of activity (Mg++ -ATPase) was unaffected. Fab fragments obtained by papain cleavage of the gamma globulin fraction had similar inhibitory activity and specificity. These antibodies also produced varying degrees of concentration-related inhibition of canine myocardial, calf brain, and human red cell ghost (Na++ + Ka+)-ATPase, but not Mg++-ATPase activity. PMID- 56444 TI - Comparison of histocompatibility antigens on cultured human tumor cells and fibroblasts by quantitative antibody absorption and sensitivity to cell-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Human tumor and febroblast tissue culture cells were compared to determine the suitability of fibroblasts as control cells in experiments on human tumor serology and cellular immunology. Fibroblasts expressed the same HL-A antigen profile as did melanoma cells. Furthermore, the quantitative expression of the determinants was similar on both cell types. In four of five pairs tested, the fibroblasts displayed similar sensitivity to effector cells generated by mixed lymphocyte culture as did the tumor cells from the same donor, but there were some differences in the effects of specific alloimmune effector cells at high and low effector-to-target ratios on the two types of target cells. Results indicated that fibroblasts are legitimate control target cells for studies in human tumor immunology, if screening assays are done to verify their antigenicity and sensitivity to cell-mediated cytolysis. PMID- 56443 TI - Temperature-dependent changes in activation energies of the transport systems for nucleosides, choline and deoxyglucose of cultured Novikoff rat hepatoma cells and effects of cytochalasin B and lipid solvents. AB - The initial rates of transport of uridine, thymidien, purines, choline and 2 deoxy-D-glucose by cultured Novikoff rat hepatoma cells were determined as a function of temperature between 5 and 41 degrees C. Arrhenius plots of all transport systems exhibited sharp breaks in slope; between 17 and 23 degrees for uridine, thymidine and hypoxanthine-guanine transport and between 29 and 32 degrees for choline and 2-deoxy-D-glucose transport. The activation energies for the transport systems changed from 15-26 kcal/mole below the transition temperatures to 4-9 kcal/mole above the transition temperatures. Propagation of the cells in the presence of cis-6-octadecenoic acid which results in marked changes in the lipid composition of cell membrane, had little effect on the temperature characteristics of the various transport systems. Similarly, propagation of the cells for 24 hr in media containing Tween 40 or nystatin had no effect on the capacity of the cells to transport the various substrates or on the temperature dependence of the transport systems. The presence of ethanol, phenethyl alcohol or Persantin at concentrations that inhibited thymidine and 2 deoxy-D-glucose transport between 40 and 70% also did not alter the transition temperatures or activation energies for the transport of these substrates. Cytochalasin B, on the other hand, shifted the transition temperature for 2-deoxy D-glucose transport to higher temperatures in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas it had no effect on the temperature dependence of thymidien transport. PMID- 56445 TI - In vivo host immune to a tumor-specific transplantation antigen induced by Rous sarcoma virus. AB - We examined the host immune response to a tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) induced by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) In vivo. In contrast to previous in vitro studies, the present investigation demonstrated in vivo host immunity of the TSTA 10-55 days after tumor inoculation. Immunity to the TSTA appeared specific, since the homologous RSV tumor was rejected. whereas the heterologous tumor grew progressively. No generalized suppression of cell-mediated or hymoral immunity was shown, because tumor-bearing hosts retained the ability to reject heterologous tumor cells and mounted a normal plaque response to sheep red blood cells. Although alpha-globulin levels were elevated, they did not appear to affect the host's immunity to the growing tumor or to heterologous antigens. Assoicated with the progressively growing tumor was the appearance in the serum of a fetal antigen with characteristics of an alpha-2 acute phase protein. PMID- 56446 TI - Letter: Naturally occurring human antibody to neuraminidase-treated human lymphocytes. PMID- 56447 TI - Tumor-bound immunoglobulins: an in vivo phenomenon of masked specificity. AB - We examined the specificity of the lg "coating" on murine tumor cells grown in vivo. Cells were treated in vitro for release of cell-bound lg from ascites tumors. Such uncoated cells showed an increased expression of tumor-associated antigens and a parallel decrease in intensity of the lg coat, but displayed no changes in the expressions of other normal membrane antigens. This was shown by a complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay and radioimmunoassay. These changes were attenuated if the tumor originated from animals that had been irradiated before tumor inoculation. No alterations were found with corresponding cells propaged in vitro and submitted to the same treatments. Our findings and others suggest tumor specific antibodies among the lg coats detected on tumor cells grown in vivo. PMID- 56448 TI - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE Mason-Pfizer monkey virus and Hela virus: immunoelectron microscopy. AB - Envelope antigens of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) and the morphologically similar HeLa virus, which is continuously produced in some HeLa cell lines, were compared by indirect immunoferritin techniques. Antisera raised against MPMV and HeLa virus revealed cross-reacting antigenic specificities on the surfaces of both agents, and cross-absorption and end-point dilution techniques indicated the presence of identical envelope antigens. The results demonstrated a close relationship, if not an identity, between MPMV and HeLa virus. PMID- 56449 TI - Tissue sites of alpha fetoprotein synthesis by the rat during pregnancy and hepatoma growth. AB - The tissue sites of alpha1 fetoprotein (AFT) synthesis by the rat during gestation and hepatoma growth were determined by specific incorporation of a radiolabeled amino acid precursor into AFP by tissue cultures in vitro. During gestation, AFP were produced by the yolk sac, the fetal liver, and in small amounts by the fetal gastrointestinal tract; there was no synthesis by maternal rat tissues. During growth of a transplantable hepatoma, only the hepatoma tissue synthesized AFP; the nontumor tissue of the host contained AFP but did not produce it. PMID- 56450 TI - Streptococcus pyogenes preparation OK-432: immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic effects on the incidence of spontaneous leukemia in AKR mice. AB - An inactivated and lyophilized preparation of a low virulence strain (Su) of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) was designated OK-432. When 2- and 5-month-old AKR mice were inoculated im with OK-432 twice weekly throughout their life-spans, spontaneous leukemias occurred later and at a lower incidence than in control groups. By virus neutralization and cytotoxicity tests and by immunoelectron microscopy, antibodies against virus and cell-surface antigens of transplanted AKR leukemia were not detectable in sera of nonleukemic mice of any group. Whereas sera from mice treated with OK-432 were the only positive for interferon, viremia was clearly demonstrated in control groups by reverse transcriptase assays of the plasma. PMID- 56451 TI - Tumor-associated antigens in human myeloma. AB - Antiserum was generated in rabbits to the RPMI 8226 tissue culture line of human myeloma cells, and its reactions with fixed smears of bone marrow aspirates from patients with multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG), leukemia, and nonneoplastic plasmacyosis was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. After absorption with preparations of bone marrow from normal individuals, the antiserum reacted to a significantly higher titer with a specific subpopulation of plasma cells in smears from 81% of patients having multiple myeloma and 50% of patients having BMG than with cells in smears of bone marrow aspirates from normal individuals or patients having leukemia or nonneoplastic plasmacytosis, or than with cells in smears of peripheral blood from patients having Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Absorption of the antiserum with RPMI 8226 cells or with a bone marrow preparation from a patient with multiple myeloma but not the Jijoye line of Burkitt's lymphoma reduced reactivity for cells in myeloma bone marrow. The antiserum reacted at a lower titer with the Jijoye and EB-3 lines of Burkitt's lymphoma, the RPMI 4098 cell line of normal human lymphocytes, and culture lines of human melanoma and osteogenic sarcoma than with the RPMI 8226 cells or bone marrow from certain patients having multiple myeloma. Approximately 50% of the cells reactive with antiserum to RPMI 8226 cells in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma were not producing immunoglobulin, as assessed by double immunofluorescence assay. The data suggested that a subpopulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma possesses a tumor-associated antigen. PMID- 56452 TI - Tumor immunity induced by preimmunization with BALB/c mouse myeloma protein. AB - Prior sc immunization of BALB/c mice with 1 mg isolated M component of MOPC-11 mouse myeloma resulted in significant relative immunity to subsequent sc or ip challenge with 10(4) living cells from the same plasmacytoma. However, challenges of 10(5) and 10(6) tumor cells overcame immune status engendered by preimmunization with M component. Despite evidence for the specificity of the immunity induced by one isolated M component as opposed to another, no clear cytotoxic antibody, cell-mediated tumor-cell lysis, or predominance of either humoral or cell-mediated immune mechanisms were demonstrated. These findings were compatible with a relatively slight tumor-specific antigenicity of M components expressed on tumor surfaces, compared with the tumor specificity of other tumor related, cell-surface antigens. PMID- 56453 TI - Variations of some plasma components after closed fractures. AB - 1) Variations in the serum concentrations of total proteins and the electrophoretic fractions, glycoprotein, mucoprotein, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline, and acid phosphatases were analyzed until the 30th day following uncomplicated fracture of shafts of long bones of the limbs in 25 cases. 2) A significant fall of albumin with concomitant rise of alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta globulins were noted until 30th day. 3) Mucoprotein, glycoprotein, and fibrinogen showed parallel elevations with that of alpha and beta globulins. 4) The peak values of alpha 1 and alpha 2 globulins, mucoprotein, and fibrinogen were registered on the 10th day after trauma. Albumin showed maximum fall on the 10th day in all these cases. 5) Glycoprotein showed a peak value on the 5th day. 6) Total protein and gamma globulin remained almost unchanged throughout the studies. 7) Beta globulin showed higher values and paralleled more closely the fibrinogen and erythrocyte sedementation rates. 8) The elevations of beta globulin, fibrinogen, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were higher, and persisted beyond 30 days in lower-limb fractures as compared to upper-limb fractures. 9) Serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase were not significantly different following fractures and therefore did not reflect much physiologic variation. 10) The most significant changes in the levels of plasma fractions studied were conspicuous on the 10th day and lasted for about 1 month. PMID- 56454 TI - The localization of proteoglycan by light and electron microscopy using safranin O. A study of epiphyseal cartilage. PMID- 56455 TI - Comparisons of the immunological properties of two structural polypeptides of type C RNA viruses endogenous to old world monkeys. AB - Immunologically very closely related type C RNA viruses are endogenous to the domestic cat and to an old world primate, the baboon. In the present studies, radioimmunological techniques have been developed for detection of the 15,000 and 30,000 molecular weight (MW) polypeptides of each virus. The much more pronounced type-specific antigenic determinants of the lower MW polypeptides made it possible to readily differentiate these viruses from each other as well as from a type C virus isolate from a second baboon species. Normal rhesus monkey tissues were partially purified and shown to contain a reactivity with MW and immunological properties similar to that of the baboon virus 30,000 MW polypeptide. Despite a similar degree of purification, antigenic reactivity like that of the baboon virus 15,000 MW polypeptide was undetectable even in the brodest immunological tests available for this polypeptide. The present findings indicate that the immunological properties of two structural polypeptides of closely related viruses endogenous to primate and feline species have undergone different rates of antigenic change in the course of evolution within their respective host cell genome. PMID- 56456 TI - Inhibition of friend murine leukemia virus production by low-ionic-strength medium. AB - The effect of medium of low ionic strength on the release of virus from Friend leukemia cells has been studied. The release of infectious Friend leukemia virus is almost completely inhibited in medium of low ionic strength, as measured by a focus-forming assay (XC assay), by endogenous RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of released virus particles, and by electron microscope studies of the production of C-type particles. Friend leukemia virus-transformed proerythroblasts undergo extensive morphological changes in low-ionic-strength medium. The cells are viable in this medium, but they can no longer be stimulated with dimethyl sulfoxide to produce hemoglobin and increase virus production. Infectious virus is released between 30 and 120 min of resuspension of inhibited cells in normal medium. The rate of virus release after reversal of the inhibition is much greater than the rate of virus release during normal cell growth. The morphological changes occurring after dimethyl sulfoxide stimulation of Friend leukemia cells are compared with those resulting from resuspension in normal medium of cells inhibited by low ionic strength. PMID- 56457 TI - Initiation of DNA synthesis by the avian oncornavirus RNA-directed DNA polymerase: tryptophan tRNA as the major species of primer RNA. AB - The major species of primer RNA required for the initiation of DNA synthesis by the Rous sarcoma virus RNA-directed DNA polymerase can be aminoacylated by tryptophan. Furthermore, an intact 3' terminus is required for the primer to function in the initiation of DNA synthesis. PMID- 56458 TI - Formation of an infectious virus-antibody complex with Rous sarcoma virus and antibodies directed against the major virus glycoprotein. AB - Preparations of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) can form an infectious viral-antibody complex with antibodies raised against the major glycoprotein, gp85, isolated from avian myeloblastosis virus and Prague-RSV subgroup C. Binding of anti-gp85 antibodies to RSV can be demonstrated by the inhibition of focus-forming activity after addition of goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin and by a shift in density of virions treated with anti-gp85 serum. Group- rather than subgroup- specific regions of viral gp85 appear to be the site of binding for infectious complex. PMID- 56459 TI - Purification and serological characterization of the major envelope glycoprotein from AKR murine leukemia virus and its reactivity with autogenous immune sera from mice. AB - The major envelope glycoprotein (gp71) from AKR murine leukemia virus (MuLV) was purified and its serological reactivity with heterologous and autogenous immune mouse sera was examined. Homologous and interspecies competition radioimmunoassays using antisera to Rauscher-MulV gp69/71 or Friend-MuLV gp71 or antisera to feline leukemia virus to precipitate 125I-labeled gp71 from various MuLV showed that distinct differences exist between Rauscher- or Friend-MuLV and AKR-MuLV glycoproteins. Characteristically the AKR-MuLV gp71, in contrast to FLV or RLV gp71, does not compete fully in homologous or interspecies radioimmunoassays with iodinated Friend of Rauscher glycoproteins. Purified 125I labeled AKR-MuLV gp71, in contrast to the Rauscher- or Friend-MuLV glycoproteins, reacts with normal (autogenous immune) mouse sera in direct radioimmune precipitation assays. Competition experiments further demonstrate that this is a predominant immunological reactivity of normal mouse sera which had previously been detected by radioimmune precipitation assay against intact virions. PMID- 56460 TI - Comparison of the serology, transforming ability, and polypeptide composition of human papovaviruses isolated from urine. AB - Four isolates of human papovaviruses (RF, GS, DW, and MG viruses) obtained from the urine specimens of renal allograft recipients in widely separated locations were compared with BK virus. Hemagglutination inhibition tests and plaque neutralization assays showed that all were antigenically related to BK virus. All isolates transformed baby hamster kidney cells, transformation being determined by the ability of the cells to plate in soft agar. Purified preparations of each isolate were iodinated with chloramine T and the polypeptide compositions were compared by electrophoresis of disrupted viruses in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The gel patterns of all isolates were similar to that of BK virus. The tryptic digests of two major iodinated virion proteins, VP1 and VP3, were analyzed on an ion exchange column. The peptide patterns of GS, DW, and BK virus were identical; those of RF and MG virus closely resembled the patterns of the above three with only minor differences in some peptides. The results show that the four isolates and BK virus are antigenically closely related, have similar onocogenic potential, and are distinguishable from simian virus 40 and JC virus. PMID- 56461 TI - Dissociation of alpha beta DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus by dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - The alpha beta DNA polymerase of avian myeloblastosis virus was treated with dimethyl sulfoxide to dissociate the enzyme subunits. The dimethyl sulfoxide treated enzymes were passed over phosphocellulose to purify and characterize the dissociated subunits as well as to remove the dimethyl sulfoxide. RNA-directed DNA polymerase, RNase H, and nucleic acid-binding activity were monitored, as well as the subunit structure (on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels) of the various enzyme species obtained. With 30% dimethyl sulfoxide, the majority of DNA polymerase and RNase H activities as well as the alpha subunit were displaced from the alpha beta DNA polymerase position on phosphocellulose (0.23 M potassium phosphate) to the alpha DNA polymerase position (0.1 M). The association of DNA polymerase and RNase H activities with the alpha subunit suggests that alpha is the enzymatically active subunit in alpha beta. In addition to alpha DNA polymerase, a minor polymerase species eluted from phosphocellulose at 0.4 M potassium phosphate. The dissociated beta subunit eluted from phosphocellulose at a wide range of salt concentrations (0.28 to 0.5 M potassium phosphate). The dissociated beta subunit bound 3H-labeled murine leukemia virus RNA and [3H]poly(dT)-poly(dA) approximately 20-fold more avidly than alpha DNA polymerase alone. In contrast to the results with the alpha subunit, there was no correlation between DNA polymerase and RNase H activity profiles and the elution profile of the beta subunit from phosphocellulose. These observations suggest the beta subunit is either enzymatically inactive or possesses limited DNA polymerase and RNase H activity when compared with the alpha subunit. PMID- 56462 TI - Group-specific antigen shared by the members of the reticuloendotheliosis virus complex. AB - The polypeptides of reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) were separated by gel filtration in the presence of guanidine hydrochloride. The eight peaks obtained by gel filtration were then analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and four appeared to contain single polypeptides. The material identified as p29 was used to prepare antiserum. This protein constitutes the major internal non glycosylated polypeptide in the virion. Double immunodiffusion indicated that the antiserum was specific for p29. Using this antiserum, cross-reactivity was demonstrated between REV, chick syncytial virus, duck infectious anemia virus, and spleen necrosis virus. Antiserum to p29 failed to cross-react with Rous sarcoma virus. This indicates that p29 is a group-specific antigen shared by the viruses of the REV complex. A microcomplement fixation test was developed with this antiserum that will be useful in the quantitation of REV and the identification of other members of this newly defined group. PMID- 56463 TI - Mechanism of interaction of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase with avian myeloblastosis virus RNA. AB - The synthesis of DNA on avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) RNA as the primer template using AMV reverse transcriptase in vitro has been examined as a function of the concentrations of these components, as well as a function of the ionic strenth of the assay medium. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that two types of sites exist on the AMV RNA: inactive "dead-end" sites that merely bind the enzyme, and active binding sites that lead to DNA synthesis. Velocity sedimentation studies of reverse transcriptase reveal that the enzyme becomes a dimer (or oligomer) at low salt concentrations and it is at these concentrations that the two types of sites are evident on the RNA. At high salt concentration the enzyme, which exists primarily as a monomer, is inactive with AMV RNA, although it is active when poly(rA)dT10 is used as the primer-template. We have shown that inactive sites are not due to binding of the reverse transcriptase to nicked regions or to partially denatured RNA molecules. We deduce that inactive sites are those containing incorrect 4S primer molecules. These results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of the interaction of the reverse transcriptase with AMV RNA. PMID- 56464 TI - Relationships between intracisternal type A and extracellular oncornavirus-like particles produced in murine MOPC-460 myeloma cells. AB - Oncornavirus-like particles of the "A" (both intracisternal and intracytoplasmic) and "B" or "C" (extracellular) types are produced by murine MOPC-460 myeloma cells. This communication describes a comparative study on tracisternal A and extracellular particles. Both types of particles contain an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity, traces of 35S and 70 S RNA in addition to larger amounts of degraded RNA, and proteins of approximately 76,000 and 45, 000 daltons. The 76,000-dalton proteins from intracisternal A and extracellular particles have the same cyanogen bromide peptides. Hybridization kinetic analysis indicates that the RNAs in the two particles are identical or very closely related and share partial homology with Moloney leukemia virus RNA. In contrast, the particles appear to have little or no relationship to murine mammary tumor virus as judged by several different criteria. Electron microscope studies indicate that the extracellular particles arise from the budding of core components through the plasma membrane. These results suggest that the intracisternal A and extracellular oncornavirus like particles produced by MOPC-460 cells are closely related. PMID- 56465 TI - Reverse transcriptase activity per virion for avian myeloblastosis virus and Rauscher murine leukemia virus. AB - We have measured reverse transcriptase enzyme activity per virus particle for samples of avian myeloblastosis virus (BAI strain) and murine leukemia virus (RAUSCHER) USing the synthetic template poly(rC)-oligo(dG). Absolute virus concentrations were determined directly by laser beat frequency spectroscopy. Enzyme activity per virion was determined from the slope of the activity plotted as a function of virus concentration. With this reverse transcriptase assay, the minimum activity (expressed as picomoles of dGTP incorporated/virion per hour) is estimated at (28.1 +/- 4.2) X 10(-7) for avian myeloblastosis virus and (1.1 +/- 0.2) X 10(-7) for murine leukemia virus. The sensitivity of this assay, which is determined by the level of incorporated radioactivity measurable above background, is 2.5 X 10(-4) virions for avian myeloblastosis virus (with dGTP specific activity of 8.9 Ci/mmol) and 88 X 10(-4) virions for murine leukemia virus (with dGTP specific activity of 6.52 CI/mmol). These results show that although reverse transcriptase assays can obviously be used to measure relative virus concentrations of equally purified samples of the same virus, they can be very misleading when used to compare the concentrations of different virus species. PMID- 56466 TI - Value of granulocyte examination for bacteria. AB - Granulocytes from patients with suspected bacteremia and from dogs with staphylococcal bacteremia were examined by light microscopy for the presence of intracellular inclusions that resembled microorganisms. Quantitative blood cultures were done at the same time. Few granulocytic inclusions were observed during a two-hour screening period even when high levels of bacteremia were present. There was no correlation between the number of inclusions and the quantitative blood culture data. The inclusions appear to be artifacts of the staining procedure. This technique has questionable value in the diagnosis of bacteremia and may be misleading. PMID- 56467 TI - Letter: Association vs causation. PMID- 56468 TI - Effect of age and cigarette smoking on carcinoembryonic antigen levels. AB - Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were determined by the Hansen-Z-gel technique in 276 healthy volunteers, of whom 154 were smokers and 122 nonsmokers. The mean CEA level was significantly higher in smokers (2.7 ng/ml) than in nonsmokers (1.9 ng/ml) (P less than .001), and a significantly higher percentage of smokers had elevated CEA levels (P less than .05). In both groups, CEA levels were directly related to age. Seventy-six of the 154 smokers who entered the study ceased smoking. Their CEA levels were determined at one, three, and six months after cessation of smoking. Within three months after cessation, elevated CEA levels declined to within the range of nonsmokers and did not appear to be influenced by previous smoking habits. Both age and smoking history must be considered for accurate evaluation of CEA levels. A reappraisal of the diseases associated with elevated CEA levels that considers the influence of age and smoking may invalidate some of the correlations previously reported. PMID- 56469 TI - Letter: Safety of weekly plasmapheresis. PMID- 56470 TI - [Plasma substitutes and coronary circulation. (1) Hydroxyethyl starch (HES)]. PMID- 56471 TI - [Acute basophilic leukemia with histamine excess symptoms (author's transl)]. PMID- 56472 TI - [Study on alpha-fetoprotein in serum of liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 56473 TI - [Nursing of a patient with burns of the abdomen and the anterior surface of the legs treated by skin grafting]. PMID- 56474 TI - [First aid in the clinical field. Post-operative respiratory care in a case of giant mediastinal tumor]. PMID- 56475 TI - [Staining technic in identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 56476 TI - [Surgical treatment of liver cirrhosis with the use of regeneration stimulators]. PMID- 56477 TI - [Atraumatic removal of prostatic adenoma]. PMID- 56478 TI - [Quantitation of basophil cell-line in human bone marrow (author's transl)]. AB - Appropriately fixed basophil cell-line can selectively be visualized by anionic dyes as toluidine blue. Typical activities for Leder's esterase distinguish individual maturity stages. Both methods were successively applied to bone marrow smears from 22 healthy subjects in order to assess the basophil population among the total marrow leukocytes (lymphocytes, monocytes and granulopoietic cell lines) and the portion of each basophil maturity stages. Total basophils represent 0.45+/-0.13% of marrow leukocytes. Basophil precursors capable of division (promyelocytes and myelocytes) comprise 46.7%, mitoses 3.7+/-1.76% of the total marrow basophil population. The frequency distribution of these subpopulations approximated a normal distribution pattern. No clear central tendencies could be encountered in the dispersion of other stages. The low peripheral basophil counts, the high incidence of divisible precursors and the considerable mitotic activity suggest a short half-life time for blood basophils. PMID- 56479 TI - [Cytological diagnosis of prostatitis and prostatic adenoma]. PMID- 56480 TI - [Method of staining of human cells with acrichinyperite]. PMID- 56481 TI - [Cytomorphological and cytofluroescent signs of tumors of the salivary glands]. PMID- 56482 TI - [Obtaining and properties of antiserum to actomyosin-like contractile protein of thrombocytes - thrombosthenin]. PMID- 56483 TI - [Method of preservation of blood sera of patients with leptospirosis for the immunofluorescence, microagglutination and lysis tests]. PMID- 56484 TI - [Comparative study of the complement-binding activity of antigens from para influenza viruses of types 1, 2 and 3 on continuous HeLa cells]. PMID- 56485 TI - [Comparison of certain semiquantitative methods of determination of the content of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products in blood plasma]. PMID- 56486 TI - [Method of extraction and determination of the content of total lipids, phospholipids, phospholipid fractions and cerebrosides of the cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 56487 TI - [Electrophoretic method of separation of lipoproteins on the thin-layer Sephadex G-200]. PMID- 56488 TI - [Method of preparation of blood lipids for gas-chromatographic analysis]. PMID- 56489 TI - [Determination of the weight of disemulsified lipid circulating in the blood as a method of diagnosis of fat embolism]. PMID- 56490 TI - [Chemiluminescence method in examination of urine of healthy children]. PMID- 56491 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the methods of bacterioscopic detection of the pathogen in patients with osteoarticular tuberculosis]. PMID- 56492 TI - [Use of the phases of growth of the causative agents of plaque and pseudotuberculosis for differentiation of these microorganisms]. PMID- 56493 TI - [Determination of antiplasmin activity of urine]. PMID- 56494 TI - [Change in certain indicators of a coagulogram depending on age]. PMID- 56495 TI - [Coagulography and certain indicators of the blood coagulation system in hemopphilia A]. PMID- 56496 TI - [New staining method of macromolecular complex of the bile]. PMID- 56497 TI - [Method of determination of sulfates in blood serum and their clinical significance]. PMID- 56498 TI - [Identification of the causative agents of trachoma and paratrachoma by the method of direct immunofluorescence and staining by the Romanovskii-Giemsa method]. PMID- 56499 TI - [Serological diagnosis of lymphocytic choriomeningitis. 1. Diagnosticum for the complement fixation test]. PMID- 56500 TI - [Free heparin content of blood as an index of consumption coagulopathy]. PMID- 56501 TI - [Characteristics of sex chromatin of "unchanged" mucosa and in adenocarcinoma of the rectum]. PMID- 56502 TI - [Cytological characteristics of basaliomas]. PMID- 56503 TI - [Cytological diagnosis of basaliomas of diverse differentiation]. PMID- 56504 TI - [Cytological diagnosis of pharyngeal lymphoepithelioma]. PMID- 56505 TI - [Cytomorphological characteristics of rhabdomyosarcoma]. PMID- 56506 TI - [Phagocytic activity of segmentonuclear neutrophils of peripheral blood in patients with acute leukemia]. PMID- 56507 TI - [Use of the reaction of basophil degranulation for diagnosis of childhood tuberculosis]. PMID- 56508 TI - [Calculation of the degree of secretory activity of the endocrine organs]. PMID- 56509 TI - [Concerning the article by D.V. Kolesov: "Calculation of the degree of secretory activity of the endocrine organs"]. PMID- 56510 TI - [Method of determination of thyrocalcitonin concentration in blood plasma]. PMID- 56511 TI - [Separation of the forms of immunoreactive gastrin of blood serum by the method of thin-layer chromatography on Sephadex with subsequent radioimmunologic analysis]. PMID- 56512 TI - [Errors in photometric analysis]. PMID- 56513 TI - [Determination of the activity of K ions in blood plasma]. PMID- 56514 TI - [Treatment of sputum and other pathological material with surface-active agents for isolation of Mycobacteria tuberculosis]. PMID- 56515 TI - [Improving the effectiveness of sputum analysis for Mycobacteria tuberculosis. 1]. PMID- 56516 TI - [Microflora of sputum from patients with acute pneumonia]. PMID- 56517 TI - [Antigen for complement fixation reaction and its use for diagnosis of pneumocystosis]. PMID- 56518 TI - [Method of isolation and cultivation of Mycoplasma]. PMID- 56519 TI - [Survival and functional capacity of leukocytes of preserved blood]. PMID- 56520 TI - [Method of conducting bromsulphalein test]. PMID- 56521 TI - [Proteinograms of the acetone preparations of Mycobacteria]. PMID- 56522 TI - [Simple method of separation of AZO-derivatives of bile bilirubin with the aid of paper chromatography]. PMID- 56523 TI - [Universall chamber for fixation of small laboratory animals in natural position]. PMID- 56524 TI - [Device for determination of ultrafilterable fraction of ions in blood serum]. PMID- 56525 TI - [Unification of a new group of clinical laboratory methods]. PMID- 56526 TI - New aids for instruction. PMID- 56527 TI - Fibroblast surface antigen (SF): molecular properties, distribution in vitro and in vivo, and altered expression in transformed cells. AB - We have recently described a cell type-specific surface (SF) antigen that is deleted in chick fibroblasts transformed by Rous sarcoma virus, SF antigen is a major surface component and makes up about 0.5% of the total protein on normal cultured fibroblasts. The antigen is shed from normal cells and is present in circulation (serum, plasma), and in vivo, also, in tissue boundary membranes. The molecular equivalents of both cellular and serum SF antigen are distinct, large polypeptides, one of which (SF210, MW 210,000) is glycosylated and, on the cell surface, highly susceptible to proteases and accessible to surface iodination. Immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy have indicated that the antigen is located in fibrillar structures of the cell surface, membrane ridges, and processes. Human SF antigen is present in human fibroblasts and in human serum. We have recently shown that human SF antigen is identical to what has been known as the "cold-insoluble globulin" and that it shows affinity toward fibrin and fibrinogen. Our results also indicate that loss of the transformation sensitive surface proteins is due not to loss of synthesis but to lack of insertion of the protein in the neoplastic cell surface. Both normal and transformed cells produce the SF antigen, but the latter do not retain it in the cell surface. The loss of SF antigen, a major cell surface component, from malignant cells creates an impressive difference between the surface properties of normal and malignant cells. The possible significance of SF antigen to the integrity of the normal membrane and its interaction to surrounding structures is discussed. PMID- 56528 TI - Arrhythmias in myocardial infarction. PMID- 56529 TI - [Letter: Lindane--no leukemia]. PMID- 56530 TI - An epidemic of infantile papular acrodermatitis (Gianotti's disease) in Japan associated with hepatitis-B surface antigen subtype ayw. AB - An epidemic of infantile papular acrodermatitis (I.P.A.) (Gianotti's disease) occurred in Matsuyama City, in south-east Japan in 1974-75. Patients ages ranged from less than one year to eight years. Hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected by an immune adherence haemagglutination method in the serum samples of 48 of the 54 patients tested. HBsAg subtypes were determined by a haemagglutination-inhibition method. ayw antigens were identified in 42 patients and adr antigens in 3; it was not possible to determine subtypes in the remaining 3 patients because antigen titres were too low. Since subtype ayw and I.P.A. are extremely rare in Japan, the association of the disease with HBsAg subtype ayw is regarded as being most significant. PMID- 56531 TI - Plasmapheresis in the management of acute systemic lupus erythematosus? AB - Eight patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) have been treated with plasmapheresis. In four patients in whom immunochemical studies indicated high levels of circulating immune complexes, the removal of 5-8 litres of plasma weekly produced a striking clinical and immunochemical improvement. The four other patients, with only minor complement disturbances and no direct evidence of circulating immune complexes, could not be shown to benefit from plasmapheresis and one patient in this group died of cerebral lupus despite intensive treatment with cytotoxic drugs. It is concluded that plasmapheresis may be of value as an adjuvant to the treatment of acute S.L.E. PMID- 56532 TI - Immunosuppression and plasma-exchange in the treatment of Goodpasture's syndrome. AB - Seven patients with Goodpasture's syndrome induced by anti-glomerular-basement membrane (anti-G.B.M.) antibody were treated by a regimen of intensive plasma exchange, cytotoxic drugs, and steroids. In the three patients retaining some renal function at presentation, this regimen led to suppression and eventual termination of antibody synthesis with improvement in renal function. In four patients, all anuric at presentation, antibody to G.B.M. persisted with variable reduction in the circulating levels. No return of renal function occurred in this group, all of whom had extensive changes on renal biopsy. Pulmonary haemorrhage, life-threatening in one patient, was rapidly controlled in all five patients in whom it was a presenting feature. In addition to its effect on antibody levels, plasma-exchange, using volume-replacement with plasma-protein fraction (P.P.F.), resulted in substantial depletion of complement and fibrinogen, mediators possibly contributing to the antibody-induced injury. PMID- 56533 TI - Pituitary function in patients receiving intermittent cytotoxic and corticosteroid therapy for malignant lymphoma. AB - Diurnal variation in plasma-cortisol was studied immediately before and after intermittent steroid therapy in seven patients receiving monthly courses of quadruple chemotherapy for Hodgkin's or non-Hodgkins lymphoma over a period of 6 months. The serum-thyroid-stimulating-hormone (T.S.H.) response to intravenous T.S.H.-releasing factor was also measured before and during the first course and before the second and fourth courses. The morning plasma-cortisol concentration fell significantly over 6 months when measured immediately before the start of each course. The mean evening cortisol concentration also fell over this period. In most patients the T.S.H. response showed a downward trend during treatment, although in two patients the response returned to normal whilst they were still undergoing therapy. PMID- 56534 TI - Blood-cadmium levels in normotensive and untreated hypertensive humans. AB - Administration of cadmium to laboratory animals causes hypertension. Necropsy specimens of the liver and kidneys of human patients who had had hypertension were previously reported as showing elevated cadmium concentrations. In the present study living normal humans were found to have a blood-cadmium level of 3 4 +/- 0-5 ng/ml, while a matched group of living untreated hypertensive humans had a blood-cadmium of 11-1 +/- 1-5 ng/ml. All of the normal subjects had blood cadmium levels below 8-0 ng/ml, while 13 of the 17 hypertensive patients had blood-cadmium levels over 8-0 ng/ml. PMID- 56535 TI - Ultrasound monitoring of fetal movements. A method for assessing fetal development? AB - Human fetal movements in utero have been analysed by conventional compound B-scan ultrasound techniques. With practice, movements of specific parts of the fetus can be readily recognised, and even as early as the 6th week after conception gross movements of the whole embryo are visible. Monitoring of fetal movements as an indication of normal or abnormal fetal development appears to have been neglected, and future studies in this important area of antenatal paediatrics are suggested. PMID- 56536 TI - Increase in serum-lipids during treatment of hypertension with chlorthalidone. AB - Fasting concentrations of serum cholesterol and triglyceride were measured before and during therapy in 63 patients with uncomplicated primary (essential) hypertension. The patients were divided into two groups, and diet therapy was applied equally to both groups. One group of 31 patients received no other therapy; the other 32 received chlorthalidone in addition to diet. Diet therapy consisted of no added sodium, caloric restriction if overweight, and consumption of foods low in lipids. On diet therapy alone serum-cholesterol fell by 11 mg/dl (P less than 0-02 vs pretreatment value) and serum-triglyceride was unchanged. When chlorthalidone was prescribed in addition to diet, serum cholesterol rose by 12 mg/dl and triglyceride by 36 mg/dl (P less than 0-005 vs pretreatment value for both). Serum-lipids were similar in the two groups before treatment; during therapy both serum cholesterol (P less than 0-05) and triglyceride (P less than 0 005) concentrations were higher in the chlorthalidone group. Thus, despite the prescription of lipid-lowering and calorie-restricted diets, serum-lipids became slightly raised when chlorthalidone was used as the sole drug in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 56537 TI - Thrombotic side-effects of lower-limb phlebography. AB - In 20 of 61 patients with initially normal phlebograms, uptake of 125I-labelled fibrinogen subsequently increased. In 4 (7%) cases, independent examinations (pulmonary scintigram or a new phlebogram) demonstrated a thromboembolic or thrombotic process. These results suggest that thrombosis and embolism may be caused by phlebography. PMID- 56538 TI - Dopamine acetylcholine imbalance in Parkinson's disease. Possible regenerative overgrowth of cholinergic axon terminals. AB - Parkinson's disease is characterised by an imbalance between acetylcholine and dopamine which probably results from the degeneration of a dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. A new hypothesis is proposed to explain the development of this imbalance. Applying the concept that degeneration of nerve-fibres in the central nervous system can lead to collateral sprouting of uninjured fibres, it is suggested that the death of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons results in sprouting of axons of cholinergic interneurons in the caudate nucleus. This overgrowth could result in the cholinergic innervation of neuronal membranes vacated by degenerated dopaminergic terminals. Thus, the apparent changes in the activity of dopaminergic and cholinergic systems can be accounted for by faulty regeneration in the central nervous system. PMID- 56539 TI - Editorial: Born in Britain 1970. PMID- 56540 TI - Editorial: Overseas aid. PMID- 56541 TI - Editorial: Failure of cerebral autoregulation in liver disease. PMID- 56542 TI - Editorial: Criminality and psychiatric disorder. PMID- 56543 TI - Editorial: Another dismal report. PMID- 56544 TI - Editorial: Helping Asia's blind. PMID- 56545 TI - Genetic risks of vinyl chloride. AB - A study of pregnancy outcome among wives of workers exposed to vinyl-chloride monomer (V.C.M.) indicated that, in comparison with controls, there was a significant excess fetal loss in the group whose husbands had a primary exposure to V.C.M., whereas no differences between the groups were observed before the husband's exposures. The difference in fetal death-rates for the post-exposure comparisons was a reflection of a greater fetal loss associated with the wives younger-aged husbands. The significant excess did not seem to be the result of bias from interviewers, respondents, nor from women who had experienced chronic abortions weighting the results. These findings, in conjunction with the demonstration of a mutagenic response via microbial test systems and with observations of significant excesses of chromosomal aberrations among workers exposed to V.C.M., raise scientific and public-health concern for the possible genetic risks of V.C.M. to man. PMID- 56546 TI - A question of numbers. PMID- 56547 TI - Letter: Antenatal radiography and the ten-day rule. PMID- 56548 TI - Letter: Diagnostic x-rays in pregnancy. PMID- 56549 TI - Letter: The Sheffield protest. PMID- 56550 TI - Letter: Haematology: Origins of an impasse. PMID- 56551 TI - Letter: Hospital medical staff. PMID- 56552 TI - Letter: Supraregional assay service. PMID- 56553 TI - Letter: Mortality from lung cancer. PMID- 56554 TI - Letter: Multiple sclerosis and measles. PMID- 56555 TI - Letter: Gastrointestinal hormones. PMID- 56556 TI - Letter: Screening for early detection of twin pregnancies. PMID- 56557 TI - Letter: Estimation of human placental lactogen in risk pregnancies by immunodiffusion. PMID- 56558 TI - Letter: Amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 56559 TI - Letter: Amniotic fluid or maternal urine? PMID- 56560 TI - Letter: Screening for cystic fibrosis. PMID- 56561 TI - Letter: Gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 56562 TI - Letter: Lead in children's hair. PMID- 56563 TI - Letter: Lead in water and mortality. PMID- 56564 TI - Letter: Postoperative radiotherapy and breast cancer. PMID- 56565 TI - Letter: Gluten toxicity in coeliac disease. PMID- 56566 TI - Letter: Autoantibodies in patients with coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 56567 TI - Letter: HLA-DW3 in dermatitis herpetiformis. PMID- 56568 TI - Letter: Immune status, chemotherapy, and lung cancer. PMID- 56569 TI - Letter: Lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation is not a myth. PMID- 56570 TI - Letter: Vaginal discharge and the I.U.D. PMID- 56571 TI - Letter: Candida diarrhoea. PMID- 56572 TI - Letter: Faecal cholesterol conversion and polyp status. PMID- 56573 TI - Letter: Rotavirus growth in bovine monolayers. PMID- 56574 TI - Letter: Septal lines. PMID- 56575 TI - Letter: Acute diabetic abdomen. PMID- 56576 TI - Letter: Peripheral effects of anorectic drugs. PMID- 56577 TI - Letter: Somatostatin, glucagon, and insulin release. PMID- 56578 TI - Letter: Diabetogenic drugs. PMID- 56579 TI - Letter: Prenatal diagnosis of metabolic disorders. PMID- 56580 TI - Letter: Fatal embolism despite low-dose heparin. PMID- 56581 TI - Letter: Lumbar puncture in transient hydrocephalus. PMID- 56582 TI - Letter: Collagen studies in osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 56583 TI - Letter: Diphosphonate and calcitonin in Paget's disease. PMID- 56584 TI - Obituary: William Arthur Bourne. PMID- 56585 TI - Influence of oral contraceptives, pyridoxine (vitamin B6), and tryptophan on carbohydrate metabolism. AB - Carbohydrate metabolism and vitamin-B6 status were assessed before and after pyridoxine administration in 46 women taking combined oestrogen-progestagen oral contraceptives (O.C.). 18 women had evidence of tissue depletion of vitamin B6, although all the women had abnormal tryptophan metabolism, including increased urinary xanthurenic acid (X.A.) excretion. In the women with vitamin B6 deficiency, administration of this vitamin caused elevation of fasting blood pyruvate levels, and reduction in plasma glucose, insulin, and blood-pyruvate responses after an oral glucose load. These changes in carbohydrate metabolism were not found in the 28 non-vitamin-B6-deficient women. These results indicate that carbohydrate intolerance in women on O.C. is unlikely to be mediated by the formation of a complex of X.A. with insulin, as has formerly been proposed. Since the synthesis of the tryptophan metabolite quinolinic acid, an inhibitor of the heptaic enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, may be enhanced by the administration of pyridoxine, it is suggested that this metabolite might be the important factor in the improvement of glucose tolerance in the vitamin-B6 deficient women. This conclusion is supported by the improvement in glucose tolerance observed in 6 women on O.C. and in 4 patients with glucocorticoid excess who were not vitamin-B6 deficient, when they were given tryptophan to augment the synthesis of quinolinic acid. PMID- 56586 TI - A fatal encephalopathy in chronic haemodialysis patients. AB - A distinct neurological syndrome in twelve chronic haemodialysis patients is described. This syndrome is currently the leading cause of death in one Denver dialysis unit. The hallmarks of this syndrome are progressive speech difficulties, mental changes, and a markedly abnormal electroencephalogram which may be present months before the clinical signs appear. Additional clinical features including seizures, myoclonus, asterixis, apraxia, focal neurological signs, and psychiatric symptoms may also be observed. Neuropathological changes are slight and non-specific. The aetiology of this syndrome is unknown but the clinical and pathological features suggest a toxic/metabolic disorder. To date, this disorder has been refractory to several therapeutic measures. PMID- 56587 TI - Pressure changes in varicose veins. AB - Pressures in the superficial leg veins of 24 patients with varicose veins and 6 normal controls were studied. In the controls there was no rise in pressure in the veins on increasing the intra-abdominal pressure, but in the patients with varicose veins pressure rose significantly. Squatting was no better than sitting in preventing transmission of intra-abdominal pressure to the leg veins. It was concluded that the difference in the positions adopted for defaecation is not the cause of the wide variation in the geographical distribution of varicose veins. PMID- 56588 TI - Possibly avoidable deaths in hospital in the age-group one week to two years. AB - In a complete analysis of all infant deaths in hospital between the ages of 1 week and 2 years, over a two and a half year period in Sheffield 21 children (26%) were found to have died from treatable diseases. 15 (71%) of these children were admitted moribund but had shown no difference in preadmission clinical features from a group of children admitted with similar diseases but surviving. The essential difference between the infants who died and those who survived was in the adequacy of medical care before admission. PMID- 56589 TI - Inhibition of frusemide-induced hyperreninaemia by growth-hormone release inhibiting hormone in man. AB - In a study of the effect of somatostatin (growth-hormone release-inhibiting hormone) on plasma-renin in healthy volunteers, plasma-renin activity was measured by radioimmunoassay after the intravenous administration of somatostatin and also during frusemide-induced hyperreninaemia. While somatostatin was being given, basal values of renin were unchanged. Injection of frusemide alone produced hyperreninaemia; but, under somatostatin, renin release was inhibited by 45%. The results indicate that somatostatin is a potent inhibitor of renin and exerts its effect independent of sodium excretion, which was unchanged under somatostatin. Conceivably, somatostatin plays an important role in the regulation of endogenous renin release. PMID- 56590 TI - Reduction of menstrual blood-loss by prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitors. AB - Six patients with menorrhagia due to dysfunctional uterine bleeding and one patient with an intrauterine contraceptive device were treated with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in an attempt to reduce their excessive menstrual blood loss. Mefenamic acid (six patients) or flufenamic acid (one patient) taken during menstruation for 2-3 cycles reduced menstrual loss in each patient. These preliminary observations suggest a new treatment for a common gynaecological problem and could imply that prostaglandins are involved in the aetiology of excessive menstrual blood-loss in such patients. PMID- 56591 TI - Evidence of stem-cell competition in children with malignant disease. A controlled study of hypertransfusion. AB - In a prospective, randomized controlled study, 30 children who were receiving chemotherapy for malignant disease and who were anaemic and neutropenic, were randomized: 18 to receive transfusion to a Hb of 10-12 g/dl (group A) and 12 to receive moderate hypertransfusion to a Hb of 14-16 g/dl (group B). Children in group B had a significantly more rapid rise in polymorph count, lower incidence of infection, and lower incidence of interruption to chemotherapy. The findings of this study provide evidence for the existence of a common stem cell in human marrow, at least for erythroid and myeloid cell lines, and demonstrate that the concept of "stem-cell competition" derived from animal experiments has a human counterpart which is clinically significant. PMID- 56592 TI - alpha1-Macroglobulin and reduced basement-membrane degradation in diabetes. AB - Thickening of the capillary basement membrane is the fundamental morphological alteration of diabetic microangiopathy. Leucocyte neutral proteases can degrade basement membrane in vivo. The activity of a purified neutral protease from granulocytes is inhibited by alpha2-macroglobulin. It is suggested that the reported increase in the concentration of alpha 2-macroglobulin in the blood of diabetic patients inhibits the activity of leucocyte neutral proteases which normally degrade basement membrane. The resultant decreased rate of breakdown would contribute to the increase in basement-membrane material seen in diabetes. PMID- 56593 TI - A new central venous catheter. PMID- 56594 TI - Editorial: Prevention of coronary heart-disease. PMID- 56595 TI - Editorial: Lymphocytotoxic antibodies. PMID- 56596 TI - Editorial: After dopa. PMID- 56597 TI - Editorial: Another look at the care of the elderly. PMID- 56598 TI - Editorial: Treatment of tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 56599 TI - Editorial: Vitamin B6 and diabetes. PMID- 56600 TI - Editorial: Research at the I.C.R.F. during 1975. PMID- 56601 TI - Obstetric delivery today. For better or for worse? PMID- 56602 TI - Breast cancer and preceding clinical benign breast disorders. A chance association. AB - A review of 1059 patients seen in office consultation from 1970 to 1975 for breast disorders revealed that patients with clinically benign disorders were six times as numerous as those with breast cancer. Only 11% of patients with breast cancer had had a previous benign breast-biopsy specimen and on average they were 20 years older than the peak age for benign clinical disease. Of the 163 patients with a previous benign breast-biopsy specimen only 14 (9%) had breast cancer compared with 13% in women without such a history. It is concluded that clinical benign breast disorders do not predispose patients to cancer, and such women should not be singled out for special study. PMID- 56603 TI - The future of clinical immunology. PMID- 56604 TI - Letter: Cholesterol-binding reserve and myocardial infarction. PMID- 56606 TI - Letter: International units and standards. PMID- 56605 TI - Letter: Identification of macrophages in amniotic-fluid cell-cultures. PMID- 56607 TI - Letter: Which college for Haematology? PMID- 56608 TI - Letter: Woodpeckers, gannets, and head injury. PMID- 56609 TI - Letter: Do tricyclic antidepressants work? PMID- 56610 TI - Letter: Hazards of fetal scalp electrodes. PMID- 56611 TI - Letter: Menorrhagia and intrauterine devices. PMID- 56612 TI - Letter: Ectopic gestation after two sterilisation procedures. PMID- 56613 TI - Letter: Strategies and tactics in the use of anti-obesity drugs. PMID- 56614 TI - Letter: The hunt for renal hypertension. PMID- 56615 TI - Letter; Mineral-oil cancers. PMID- 56616 TI - Letter: Prenatal prediction of myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 56617 TI - Letter: Allelic restriction. PMID- 56618 TI - Letter: Laraposcopy in liver disease. PMID- 56619 TI - Letter: Raised amniotic-fluid alpha-fetoprotein in Turner syndrome. PMID- 56620 TI - Letter: S.L.E. and Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 56621 TI - Letter: Breast cancer and Hashimoto thyroiditis. PMID- 56622 TI - Letter: Diabetogenic drugs. PMID- 56624 TI - Letter: Ballistocardiography. PMID- 56623 TI - Letter: Levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 56625 TI - Letter: Serum-phenytoin and body-weight. PMID- 56626 TI - Letter: Diazepam, phenytoin, and aetiology of cleft lip and/or cleft palate. PMID- 56627 TI - Letter: Bran and the irritable bowel. PMID- 56628 TI - Letter: Lung rupture and occult positive end-expiratory pressure. PMID- 56629 TI - Letter: Incompressible vessels. PMID- 56630 TI - Letter: Unusual cytological appearance of hairy cell. PMID- 56631 TI - Letter: Unusual cytological appearance of hairy cell. PMID- 56632 TI - Letter: Complement in asthma. PMID- 56633 TI - Letter: Pregnancy-associated alpha2-glycoprotein and cancer. PMID- 56634 TI - Letter: Locked unts and locked wards. PMID- 56635 TI - Letter: Chloramphenicol-resistant Haemophilus. PMID- 56636 TI - Letter: Excision of pilonidal sinus. PMID- 56637 TI - Letter: Rising rates of congenital dislocation of the hip? PMID- 56638 TI - Letter: Pain relief after thoracotomy. PMID- 56639 TI - Letter: Percutaneous lung biopsy. PMID- 56640 TI - Letter: Selenium and neonatal death. PMID- 56641 TI - Letter: Core antigen in chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 56642 TI - Letter: Lumbar puncture and transient hydrocephalus. PMID- 56643 TI - Obituary: Wiley D. Forbus. PMID- 56644 TI - George Maclean. PMID- 56645 TI - Francesco Bignami. PMID- 56646 TI - Effects of insulin, glucagon, and insuling/glucagon infusions on liver morphology and cell division after complete portacaval shunt in dogs. AB - Insulin, glucagon, and insulin/glucagon mixtures have been infused for four days into the left portal vein of dogs after portacaval shunt. In the left but not in the right liver lobes, insulin alone reduced atrophy, preserved hepatocyte ultrastructure, and trebled cell renewal. Glucagon alone had no effect. In small doses, glucagon did not potentiate the action of insulin and in large doses it may have reduced the insulin benefit. These studies explain the development of the previously mysterious Eck fistula syndrome, provide clues about in-vivo cell growth control by hormones, and suggests new lines of inquiry about the pathogenesis and/or treatment of several human disease processes. PMID- 56647 TI - Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against melanoma cells induced by plasmapheresis. AB - Patients with disseminated melanoma were treated by repeated plasmapheresis using a continuous-flow blood-cell separator, as part of a study to investigate methods of removing factors from tissue fluids which block cell-mediated immunity. Using 51Cr release cytotoxic assays, it was found that plasmapheresis resulted in removal of serum blocking activity. Post-plasmapheresis sera taken from several patients also increased cell-mediated cytotoxicity by induction of antibody dependent cell-mediated killing. This effect may have resulted from removal or alteration of circulating immune complexes in the serum. It is not known whether cytotoxic activity induced in this way improves the patient's immune response against their tumours. However, the procedure is well tolerated and these preliminary in-vitro results indicate that this form of therapy could act as an adjunct to other forms of treatment of advanced melanoma. PMID- 56648 TI - Prediction of azathioprine intolerance in transplant patients. AB - One cause of transplant rejection is curtailment of immunosuppressive therapy due to leucopenia. To determine those patients most apt to develop leucopenia due to azathiprine the granulocyte response to intravenous injections (i.v.) of hydrocortisone was evaluated in 10 patients who had rejected their grafts at least six month previously. 5 patients who had rejected their grafts with concomitant severe leucopenia had an inadequate response to hydrocortisone, while in the other 5, who had tolerated the drug, the response was similar to that of normal controls. Based on these observations, all the transplant candidates underwent the hydrocortisone stimulation test the results of which were correlated with their subsequent clinical course. All medical decisions were based on events other than the steroid test. 8 leucopenic patients underwent splenectomy. 6 improved their granulocyte response to hydrocortisone and tolerated azathioprine after transplantation. 2 patients who underwent splenectomy and an unoperated leucopenic man were unresponsive to the hydrocortisone test, did not tolerate azatioprine after transplantation and rejected their grafts. 4 candidates with normal responses to i.v. hydrocortisone received transplants uneventfully. In all 13 patients transplanted since the beginning of this study, the hydrocortisone test correctly predicted their tolerance to azathioprine. PMID- 56649 TI - The macrophagen in human rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. AB - Glomeruli from 18 "normal" patients and from 35 patients with glomerulonephritis have been maintained in tissue-culture and examined by time-lapse cinemicroscopy and electron microscopy. At least two distinct cell types with features of epithelial and mesangial cells emerge in the outgrowths from normal and non crescentic glomeruli. 4 patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis formed a distinct subgroup. Glomerular culture revealed that their crescents contained large numbers of macrophages. This suggests that, contrary to belief, the crescents in rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis consist of accumulated macrophages rather than proliferated epithelial cells. PMID- 56650 TI - Double-blind trial of glycerol therapy in early stroke. AB - The effects of intravenous glycerol and intravenous dextrose were compared using a double-blind trial in twenty-seven patients with acute stroke. Administration continued for up to 6 days. A standard scoring system was used for neurological evaluation. There was no difference in mortality or in improvement in neurological score between the two groups. PMID- 56651 TI - Thymine-requiring bacteria associated with co-trimoxazole therapy. AB - Since 1971 thymine-requiring (thy-) pathogens have been isolated from the urine of 8 patients with renal calculi, and from the sputum of 1 patient with chronic chest infection. The patients had been treated with co-trimoxazole for several months before the isolation of the mutant pathogens. There was persistent pyuria in the patients with renal calculi, and purulent sputum in the patient with chronic chest infection. The mutants were identified by their inability to grow on diagnostic sensitivity test agar (D.S.T., Oxoid) which is deficient in thymine. It was found that wild-type bacteria can produce growth factors for the metabolism of the mutants in vitro, and the urine of the patients contained by thymine-like compounds. These findings indicate that thy- mutants may develop in renal calculi during co-trimoxazole therapy. Therapy should be changed to a more suitable antimicrobial as soon as possible after diagnosis of mutant infection. PMID- 56652 TI - Prognostic significance of serum lysozyme in adult acute myelogenous leukaemia. AB - Pre-treatment sera from 88 adult patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia have been assayed for their lysozyme content. All 19 patients who presented with a serum-lysozyme level below 15 mug/ml failed to acheive haematological remission from intensive chemotherapy. Serum-lysozyme levels above 85 mug/ml were found in 10 patients, all of whom went into remission. Remissions in this group were, however, shortlived. Of the 59 patients with lysozyme levels between 15 and 85 mug/ml, 39 achieved haematological remission and 12 survived longer than 60 weeks. These findings suggest that estimation of serum-lysozyme may help to identify those patients who are unlikely to respond to the intensive-chemotherapy protocols currently advocated and who could therefore be spared exposure to them. PMID- 56653 TI - Molecular defects in haemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease. AB - A model is proposed for the synthesis of the factor VII/von Willebrand factor protein. The defect(s) in von Willebrand's disease are related to abnormalities of the protein subunit and/or its carbohydrate content, while in haemophilia the abnormality is related to a deficiency or abnormality of the X-dependent enzyme or protein which is involved in the generation of procoagulant activity of the factor VII/von Willebrand factor multimer. PMID- 56654 TI - Editorial: Coronary-artery bypass surgery. PMID- 56655 TI - Editorial: Vapour alarms. PMID- 56657 TI - Editorial: Gluten and schizophrenia. PMID- 56656 TI - Editorial: Oral contraceptives and liver nodules. PMID- 56658 TI - Editorial: Spring treble. PMID- 56659 TI - Editorial: Bleeding oesophageal varices--no easy answers. PMID- 56660 TI - Editorial: Representing the patient. PMID- 56661 TI - E.M.I. scan in the management of head injuries. AB - The E.M.I. scan has much simplified the management of head injuries. The conventional investigations have been supplanted by a safe non-invasive technique, in which lesions of the brain can be demonstrated. Thus high density intracerebral or extracerebral haematoses are readily diagnosed, even when they are in unusual sites. Wherever their location, they appear in sharp contrast to the low density of cerebral contusions or chronic subdural haematomas. The safety of the procedure recommends its sequential use in patients who fail to improve or who deteriorate; and repeated examinations can be useful in monitoring the response to therapy. Under clinical supervision, the quantity and quality of information the method yields during a single comprehensive study is such that it should became the definitive investigation in the victims of cerebral trauma. PMID- 56662 TI - The organisation of breast-cancer services. AB - An investigation of breast-cancer services in the West Midlands Regions has shown little concentration of diagnostic and treatment facilities or expertise. Delays were identified which were attributable to patients, general practitioners, hospital doctors, and administrative processes. It is suggested that the service could be improved by more effective education both of patients and of doctors, and by a more structured system of care for breast-cancer patients. An efficient system is an essential prerequisite for a screening service. PMID- 56663 TI - Letter: Exponential curve of temporary survival after myocardial infarction. PMID- 56664 TI - Letter: A question of numbers. PMID- 56665 TI - Letter: Radiation exposure during cardiac catheterisation. PMID- 56666 TI - Letter: The ten-day rule. PMID- 56667 TI - Letter: Diabetes without glucagon. PMID- 56668 TI - Letter: Late metastases in osteosarcoma. PMID- 56669 TI - Letter: Stimulation of K cells by immunotherapy. PMID- 56670 TI - Fencing or boxing? PMID- 56671 TI - Letter: Addition of drugs to intravenous fluids. PMID- 56672 TI - Letter: The Oxford protest. PMID- 56673 TI - Letter: Computer-assisted learning. PMID- 56674 TI - Letter: Pepsin exposes stimulant aminoacids. PMID- 56675 TI - Letter: Immunological side-effects of anticonvulsants. PMID- 56676 TI - Letter: Immunosuppression by phenytoin. PMID- 56677 TI - Letter: Immunodeficiency and epilepsy. PMID- 56678 TI - Letter: Phenytoin in benign insulinoma. PMID- 56680 TI - Letter: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and bedsores. PMID- 56679 TI - Letter: Selective IgA deficiency and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 56681 TI - Letter: Polycystic renal disease, hypertension, and IgA deficiency. PMID- 56682 TI - Letter: Presentation of rectal leiomyoma. PMID- 56683 TI - Letter: Immunology of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. PMID- 56684 TI - Letter: Whooping-cough vaccination. PMID- 56685 TI - Letter: Hypothalamic/pituitary axis and treatment of leukemia. PMID- 56686 TI - Letter: Cyclic A.M.P. and arrhythmias. PMID- 56687 TI - Letter: Kawasaki disease. PMID- 56688 TI - Letter: Growth of Chlamydia trachomatis in cell culture. PMID- 56689 TI - Letter: Intra-HLA recombination frequency in juvenile diabetes. PMID- 56690 TI - Letter: Serum-albumin as prognostic indicator in oedematous malnutrition. PMID- 56691 TI - Letter: Small infectious doses of Salmonella. PMID- 56692 TI - Letter: 5-fluorouracil and the thyroid. PMID- 56693 TI - Obituary: Wilder Graves Penefield. PMID- 56694 TI - Graham Foulds. PMID- 56695 TI - Inhibition of adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase by potential antiallergic compounds. PMID- 56696 TI - Histamine H2 receptor: involvement in gastric ulceration. PMID- 56697 TI - Solid tumor models for the assessment of different treatment modalities: II: rapid, intermediate, and slow growing transplantable rat hepatomas. PMID- 56698 TI - The identification of saliva in stains in forensic casework. PMID- 56699 TI - [Hormonal therapy of metastizing breast cancer]. PMID- 56700 TI - [Combinations of routine laboratory tests in diagnosis of malignomas (author's transl)]. AB - The question if combined routine-laboratory-tests could improve the search for malignomas in man was checked by comparison of 519 patients with carcinoma and 460 patients with other diseases. In order to do so a combination of four (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, alkaline phosphatase, red blood-picture, relative alpha-2-globuline-increase) and five (additionally alpha-1-globuline increase) was put up. For either group the found constellations - consisting of normal and pathological items - and their sensibility and specificity were set up. To find out their diagnostical value the likelihood-ratio was determined. Those combinations with exclusively pathological results of all four respectively five laboratory reports and the linked symptoms "anemia - relative alpha-2 globuline-increase" showed to be of high differential diagnostical value. In these groups the probability of malignoma was found to be 4,6:1, 8:1, 3,2:1. The serum protein dispersion of a group of patients with benigne and maligne diseases of the digestive tract was additionally checked by means of the paper electrophoresis. Those changes that showed a relative increase of all globuline fractions combined with a decrease of serum albumins under 45% was almost exclusively found in patients with malignomas. All-together this paper shows that certain pathological laboratory-tests--if found together in one patient--give a grave indication for the presence of malignoma. PMID- 56701 TI - [Value and limitations of oral exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of malignancies]. AB - The literature on oral exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of malignant lesions is reviewed and the techniques most commonly employed for the removal of material, fixing, staining and observation are described, along with the usual diagnostic criteria. Evaluation of prior comparative cytological and histological assessments of the diagnostic reliability of the means is followed by an account of the difficulties encountered when comparing results so as to form a final opinion on its possible applications. It is felt that, while exfoliative cytology cannot take the place of biopsy in making a definite assessment of the nature of a lesion, the literature shows that it is widely applied in addition of clinical evaluation of oral lesions. PMID- 56702 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis and therapy of morbus haemolyticus neonatorum]. PMID- 56703 TI - [Conservative surgical therapy of Wilm's tumor]. PMID- 56704 TI - [Current therapy of neuroblastoma. Experience with 62 children in 1964-1972]. PMID- 56705 TI - [Beta 2-microglobulin in the differential diagnosis of glomerular and tubular kidney diseases]. PMID- 56706 TI - [Significance of serum alpha fetoprotein and immunoglobulin G concentrations as a parameter of gestational-age examination in abnormalities and twins]. PMID- 56707 TI - [Advances in the treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma in the pelvic region]. PMID- 56708 TI - [Possibilities of the cytological differentiation of the adrenal medulla by a new light-microscopic technic]. AB - A simple new histochemical technique for the differentiation of adrenaline and noradrenaline storage cells is described. In both groups of cells two more types: clear cells and dark cells can be distinguished. The new technique is based on a special interaction taking place between the product of the reaction noradrenaline-glutaraldehyde and the metachromatic cationic dye. The relationship between clear- and dark cells observed by the described new technique and by electron microscopy by the other authors is also discussed. PMID- 56709 TI - Editorial: e: a third hepatitis B antigen? PMID- 56710 TI - Letter: No effect of alpha1 fetoprotein on E-rosette formation. PMID- 56711 TI - Allergic sensitisation of human lung fragments prevented by saturation of IgE binding sites. PMID- 56712 TI - Relationship between the oncornavirus gene product gp70 and a major protein secretion of the mouse genital tract. PMID- 56713 TI - Isolation of nucleic acid-binding protein: stimulation of reverse transcriptase catalysed DNA synthesis. PMID- 56714 TI - Foetal thymidine kinase in tumours and colonic flat mucosa of man. PMID- 56715 TI - Immunofluorescent localisation of human pregnancy-specific beta-globulin in placenta and chorioepithelioma. PMID- 56716 TI - Enrichment of antigen-specific helper and suppressor T cells. PMID- 56717 TI - Comparison of alpha-bungarotoxin binding to skeletal muscles after inactivity or denervation. PMID- 56718 TI - Effect of muscle disuse on acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 56719 TI - Cycling of RNA-directed DNA polymerase on natural and synthetic RNA templates. PMID- 56720 TI - [Clinical picture, cerebrospinal fluid findings, and pathological anatomy of subacute demyelinating encephalitis ("mixed form" of multiple, diffuse and concentric sclerosis)]. PMID- 56721 TI - [Surgical treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Experience with 174 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 56722 TI - [Conserative treatment of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage: results of 104 patients of acute stage (author's transl)]. PMID- 56723 TI - [The immunological diagnosis of brain tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 56724 TI - [Findings on pneumoencephalogram of sellar and suprasellar tumor cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 56725 TI - ["Correlative study of pre- and post-operative pituitary functions in relation to sellar and parasellar lesions" (author's transl)]. PMID- 56726 TI - [Diagnostic values of "quadrigeminal veins" (author's transl)]. PMID- 56727 TI - [Pituitary tumors. 1) Basic aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 56728 TI - [SFT transducer and its clinical application for continous monitoring of epidural intracranial pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 56729 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of the posterior fossa structure. Outline of the posterior fossa and infratentorial space (author's transl)]. PMID- 56730 TI - External detection of axoplasmic flow using radionuclides. AB - In order to investigate the possibilities of studying the axoplasmic flow in vivo by means of radionuclide scanning 75Se-methionine was injected into the L6, L7 or S1 spinal ganglia of cats and the spread of the isotope recorded with a gamma camera. -2. After 4 hours the area of isotope distribution extended 1-2 cm cranially and caudally in the spinal cord and a further movement of 1-2 cm was noted during the following 2-5 days. -3. Scanning of removed specimens of the spinal cord, roots, ganglia and nerves confirmed the intramedullary uptake and in addition revealed an uptake in the dorsal root. Determination of the specific radioactivity showed the presence of the isotope in the ventral root and spinal nerve also, however, sufficient for scintigraphy. -4. Microautoradiographic studies with 3H-methionine demonstrated isotope uptake in axons of the dorsal roots and root entry zone of the spinal cord. Hence, the spread of the isotope was likely to have occurred by axoplasmic flow. This seems to provide a basis for further in vivo studies of this phenomenon. PMID- 56731 TI - Cryosurgery of advanced vulvar carcinoma. AB - An advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the vulva was treated with cryosurgery when radical surgery was refused. The cryosurgery was well tolerated in an elderly patient with arteriosclerotic heart disease, and local tumor control was achieved. Availability of sophisticated instrumentation for the destruction of tumors by freezing leads to broader indications for and increased use of this mode of therapy for vulvar and other malignancies. PMID- 56732 TI - [Treatment of severe forms of vernal catarrh with antilymphocytic gamma globin]. PMID- 56733 TI - Orthopedic teaching aids. PMID- 56734 TI - Alterations of alpha2-globulin and the clinical response in patients with prostatic cancer following cryotherapy. AB - Evaluation of alterations in the level of alpha2-globulin in the serum of 18 patients with prostatic cancer prior to and following cryotherapy of their primary prostatic tumor and the clinical response of these patients disclosed: (1) a progressive increase in the level of alpha2-globulin and the incidence of patients with significantly elevated levels of alpha2-globulin, i.e., greater than or equal to 1.30 g/100 ml, with a progression of the stage of their malignancy; (2) a decrease in the levels of alpha2-globulin in the serum of 14 of 18 (78%) patients following cryotherapy, and (3) a favorable clinical response in 11 of 14 (79%) patients with prostatic cancer showing a decrease in alpha2 globulin following cryotherapy. While limited to the study of a relatively small patient population, the present results suggest a prognostic potential for alpha2 globulin, particularly as applied to stage identification in prostatic cancer. Pending confirmation by evaluation of a larger patient population, it may even provide objective criteria for monitoring the clinical response of an individual following cryotherapy of the prostate. PMID- 56735 TI - Anergy in pregnancy and malignant disease: the role of the immunosuppressive alpha-globulin. AB - Both tumour and trophoblast produce an immunosuppressive protein which is believed to be a prostaglandin (PG) antagonist. Substances which digest this protein (protease) or enhance the synthesis of PG (levamisole) can reverse the immunodepression in cancer patients. The relevance of these observations to cancer immunotherapy is discussed. PMID- 56736 TI - Combined effects of x-ray and bleomycin in cancer cell survival. PMID- 56737 TI - Immune response of guinea-pigs to chemically abbreviated prepatent Metastrongylus apri infection. AB - The effect of chemical abbreviation of the primary infection dose (PID) of 160 infective larvae of Metastrongylus apri on the immune status of the guinea-pig host was studied. The criteria used for assessing the status of immunity consisted of clinical manifestations following administration of a challenge infection dose (CID) of 800 infective larvae of M. apri, the rate of worm recovery 15 days post-CID and the rate of mortality following administration of CID. Among the guinea-pigs of the main experimental group, where 15-day-old PID was abbreviated by two parenteral doses of levamisole, a strong immunity to CID given 35 days post-PID was built-up. Against this, all the guinea-pigs of a control group, which did not receive PID, died between 16 and 22 days post-CID. The increase in serum gamma-globulin level of the guinea-pigs, where the PID was abbreviated chemically, suggested that the rise of this globulin fraction in the serum could be in some way related to the resistant state of guinea-pigs. PMID- 56738 TI - The treatment of Wilms' tumor. PMID- 56739 TI - Treatment of soft tissue sarcomas. PMID- 56740 TI - [Ectopic heart beats in children and adolescents in the light of personal observations]. PMID- 56741 TI - [Paroxysmal tachycardia due to a latent Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. AB - The authors studied 35 cases of Bouveret type paroxysmal tachycardia with normal baseline ECB, without any signs of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. In more than half the patients, it seems that it may be stated that the paroxysmal tachycardia is related not to a reciprocal intranodal rhythm, as is said classically, but to a reciprocal rhythm using in the anterograde direction the normal pathways and in a retrograde direction a direct atrio-ventricular bundle in which only retrograde conduction is possible. This explains the absence of any patent preexcitation pattern on tracings in sinus rhythm. The authors particularly stress the value of a sign recorded at the onset of an attack of tachycardia: transient slowing of the rate of the tachycardia when functional bundle branch block is present can only be explained by the existence of a latent preexcitation bundle on the side of the "slowing bundle branch block". PMID- 56742 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic action of carbamazepine. Clinical trial in Chagas' disease]. PMID- 56743 TI - Inhibition of RNA-directed DNA polymerase by aurintricarboxylic acid. AB - Commercial-grade aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA) inhibits poly(A), poly(C) and viral RNA-directed DNA synthesis by detergent-disrupted virions of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Paper chromatography of crude ATA yields two active components, which appear to behave identically, and at least two inactive components. The concentration of ATA needed to inhibit polymerase activity is proportional to the concentration of viral protein. The inhibition is neither attributable to contaminating heavy metal ions in the ATA preparation nor to chelation by ATA of Mn2+ or Zn2+, the necessary co-factors. Inhibition of the polymerase reaction by ATA greatly increases the Km for the primer [oligo(T)/oligo(dG)], while it only slightly lowers the Vmax and does not affect the Km's for the template [poly(A)/poly(C)] or the substrate (TTP/dGTP). Thus, ATA seems to reduce specifically the affinity of the polymerase for the DNA primer molecule. PMID- 56744 TI - Using the overhead projector. PMID- 56745 TI - Nursing care study. Hemimandibulectomy. PMID- 56746 TI - Looking at educational technology today. PMID- 56747 TI - Rehabilitation of a left below-knee amputee. PMID- 56748 TI - [Effect of antigen-antibody reaction on the blood clotting and fibrinolytic system]. PMID- 56749 TI - [Treatment of infectious diseases in geriatrics (author's transl)]. PMID- 56750 TI - [The cryosurgery of the prostatae (author's transl)]. PMID- 56751 TI - [Early diagnosis of active pulmonary tuberculosis through isolation of a specific antigen in patients' blood]. PMID- 56752 TI - Use of a simulator in treatment planning. PMID- 56753 TI - Planning in radiotherapy: practical aspects. PMID- 56754 TI - Blood group antigens. Ii antigens. PMID- 56755 TI - [Toxic effect of Lindane on thrombocytes and leukocytes in the pigeon]. PMID- 56756 TI - [Surgical considerations on the duration of heparin therapy in deep venous thrombosis]. AB - The authors report their experience of the medical treatment of deep venous thrombosis. Certain surgeons have attempted venous thrombectomy at the acute stage, but many have abandoned this technique which appears perfectly sound. The authors have continued to rely on heparin treatment by intravenous injection ; the introduction 5 years ago of phlebographic methods for following the evoluton of thelesions has led the authors progressively to prolong the duration of heparin treatment. The results of this approach to therapy are illustrated in several cases by phlebograms. PMID- 56758 TI - [New gains and direction of research in surgery]. PMID- 56757 TI - The medical recording service foundation. PMID- 56759 TI - [Cancer of the gall bladder and extrahepatic biliary tract]. PMID- 56760 TI - Elastin fibers in scar tissue. AB - Scar tissue, obtained from humans, was stained for elastin fibers by a new staining method. Elastin fibers were noted at sites where they must have been formed de novo. The morphology and the distribution of elastin in various types of scars are described. Practically no elastin was found in keloids. PMID- 56761 TI - Vegetative component of interoceptors. PMID- 56762 TI - Ultrastructural differences between the preterminal nerve fibres and their endings in the mechanoreceptors, with special reference to their degeneration and mode of uptake of horseradish peroxidase. PMID- 56763 TI - [An appraisal of cardiolipin antigens manufactured domestically for the so-called rapid reagin tests]. PMID- 56764 TI - [Partial synchronization of proliferative cell cycle following administration of cytostatics and followed by radiotherapy in the treatment of inoperable skin neoplasms]. PMID- 56765 TI - [Whipple's disease. Apropos of a new case]. PMID- 56766 TI - Effects of compound 48/80, a histamine-releasing agent, on accumulation and release of cyclic AMP in various regions of rat brain in vitro. AB - The effect of compound 48/80 in various rat brain regions - by means of incubating brain sclices with compound 48/80 - on cyclic AMP accumulation and release of the nucleotide into the incubation medium was studied. In all regions tested, accumulation of cyclic AMP occurred within at least 10 min. In the cortex, brain stem and cerebellar regions these increases of cyclic AMP could be blocked by propranolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist. Diphenhydramin, an antihistaminic agent, was without effect in these regions, but could partially block the compound 48/80-induced rise of cyclic AMP in the hypothalamus. Propranolol had in this region only a moderate blocking effect. Release of cyclic AMP, induced by compound 48/80, occurred in all regions tested and could not be effectively blocked by propranolol or diphenhydramin. PMID- 56767 TI - The specificity of the fluorescent antibody test using the sera of rabbits inoculated with strains of myocobacteria. AB - Sera from experimentally infected rabbits were used to test the specificity of the fluorescent antibody test. It was possible using mono-specific sera to differentiate antigenically Mycobacterium phlei, M fortuitum, M smegmatis, M avium, M intracellulare, M bovis (BCG) and M johnei. The cross-reactivity within the M avium and M intracellulare group was such that one antigen from these groups would detect infection within that group and exclude M johnei infection. The M phlei growth factor independent strain M johnei 316F was shown to be antigenically distinct from a M phlei dependent strain 9N96. There was loss of specificity when M avium infection was superimposed on a previous M johnei infection and when M johnei infection was superimposed on M avium infection. PMID- 56768 TI - [Extrasystoles: how to treat them (author's transl)]. PMID- 56769 TI - [Role of immunological complexes in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 56770 TI - [Hyaline verrucosis of the optic papilla. Remarks concerning its diagnosis]. PMID- 56771 TI - Coming at staff nurses: early post-op heart patients. PMID- 56772 TI - [Effects of verrucarine E derivatives on cells of exudative Ehrlich tumor]. PMID- 56773 TI - [Delayed walking in children]. PMID- 56774 TI - Detection of antibodies to DNA by radioimmunoassay and immunofluorescence. PMID- 56775 TI - Specificities of antibodies to native DNA. PMID- 56776 TI - The detections of anti-DNA and DNA/anti-DNA complexes. PMID- 56777 TI - [First experiences with amniocentesis from genetic indications]. AB - Genetically indicated amniocentesis was performed in 93 patients in the first half of pregnancy and in 36 in the second half. To the common and recognized indications several obstetric indications were added. Six (4.7%) fetal abnormalities were diagnosed by karyotyping and determination of alpha1 fetoprotein (AFP), i.e. a child with trisomy 21 and a boy with XXY Klinefelter syndrome, both in mothers aged over 40, a partial trisomy 3 in a pregnancy with a balanced anomaly, 2 boys with X-linked hereditary disease and an anencephalic. In 4 cases (3.1) abortion was performed at the parents' request. Three pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion. In 54 cases in which amniocentesis was performed in the first half of pregnancy the babies have now been born. One was found to have a congenital heart defect and the remainder were healthy. In the cases which had undergone genetic screening during the second half of pregnancy 3 neonates displayed anomalies not detectable by karyotyping or AFP determination, one of which was hydrocephalus. The abortion rate was 0.8%. PMID- 56778 TI - [Thoughts on a new slide series on dental care]. PMID- 56779 TI - Somatostatin: abundance of immunoreactive hormone in rat stomach and pancreas. AB - Growth hormone release-inhibiting hormone (somatostatin), a hypothalamic peptide that inhibits the release of growth hormone and also the secretion of insulin glucagon, and gastrin, was found in the rat stomach and pancreas in a concentration similar to that in the hypothalamus, as measured by radioimmunoassay. Somatostatin was also found in the duodenum and jejunum, but in a smaller concentration. Gel filtration of the extracts of the pancreas and stomach on Sephadex G-25 yielded two immunoreactive peaks, one corresponding in each case to the somatostatin tetradecapeptide. The hormone was not detected in other viscera or the ovaries. The results imply that somatostatin may be synthesized in the pancreas and the stomach in addition to the brain, and may be involved in local regulatory mechanisms for pancreatic and gastric secretion as well as secretion of growth hormone. PMID- 56780 TI - Cobra venom factor: evidence for its being altered cobra C3 (the third component of complement). AB - Evidence is presented that cobra venom factor, the anticomplementary protein in Naja naja venom, is modified cobra C3 (the third component of complement). Antiserum to the cobra venom factor cross reacts with human C3. A protein in cobra serum reacts strongly with antiserum to the venom factor and the former protein, like human C3, is converted by incubation of cobra serum with endotoxin, hydrazine, or simple storage at 37 degrees C. Incubation of cobra venom factor with cobra serum destroys the C3 cleaving activity of the venom factor in human serum, whereas human C3b inactivator is ineffective. Thus, the cobra venom factor appears to be a form of C3 (perhaps C3b); its potent action in human serum probably derives from its lack of sensitivity to human C3b inactivator. PMID- 56781 TI - Induction of mitosis in mature neurons in central nervous system by sustained depolarization. AB - DNA synthesis and mitosis have been induced in vitro in fully differentiated neurons from the central nervous system by depolarization with a variety of agents that produce a sustained rise in the intracellular sodium ion concentration and a decrease in the potassium ion concentration. Depolarization was followed in less than 1 hour by an increase in RNA synthesis and in 3 hours by initiation of DNA synthesis. Apparently normal nuclear mitosis ensued, but cytokinesis was not completed in most cells; this resulted in the formation of binucleate neurons. The daughter nuclei each contained the same amount of DNA as the diploid preinduction parental neurons; this implies that true mitogenic replication was induced. PMID- 56782 TI - Letter: Neural transport of tetanus toxin. PMID- 56783 TI - Comparison of counting chamber Sasa and standard smear methods of counting Brugia pahangi microfilariae from cat blood. PMID- 56784 TI - [The role of the neuro-surgical nurse in intensive care]. PMID- 56785 TI - Nonanastomotic hepaticogastrostomy for palliative decompression. AB - A simple, low risk technique has been used in two patients with high malignant obstruction of the common hepatic bile duct for the creation of a biliary enteric fistula. PMID- 56786 TI - The current status of research on growth and regeneration in the central nervous system. Summary of a subcommittee report commissioned by the National Advisory Council of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, 1975. PMID- 56787 TI - [In vivo staining with toluidine blue as a means of localization of the biopsy spot in the oral cavity in suspected epithelial cancer]. PMID- 56788 TI - [NOU 1975:48. Staffing and regulation of personnel in surgical and medical nursing stations]. PMID- 56789 TI - [Treatment of secretory otitis]. PMID- 56790 TI - [Control system for basophil cells, mast cells, and lymphocytes]. PMID- 56791 TI - [Leukopenia and agranulocytosis induced by drugs]. PMID- 56792 TI - Pharmacologically active substances in venoms of the bald-faced hornet, Vespula (Dolichovespula) maculata, and the yellow jacket, Vespula (Vespula) maculifrons. PMID- 56793 TI - The safety of dexamethasone and hydroxyethyl starch in the multiply leukapheresed donor. AB - A total of 23 leukaphereses were performed on five normal, healthy donors for the purpose of providing granulocyte transfusions to septic leukemia patients with granulocytopenia. Dexamethasone 7.25 to 7.50 mg was given orally 10 to 12 hours prior to each donation, and an average of 304 ml of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) was given intravenously during each procedure. During the period of observation for each donor, there was no significant change of total leukocyte and platelet counts, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatse, LDH, SGOT, creatinine, BUN, and uric acid determinations. Changes in the concentrations of serum protein, albumin, cholesterol, and glucose were thought to be due to hemodilution. Partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times remained within normal limits following collection procedures. Hemoglobin levels decreased transiently following the first three leukaphereses in all donors, but fell progressively to 11.8 gm/dl in one donor undergoing seven procedures in a 35-day period. Dexamethasone and HES in these doses can be given safely to multiply leukapheresed donors. PMID- 56794 TI - Antigen site densities and ultrastructural distribution patterns of red cell Rh antigens. AB - The ultrastructural distribution pattern and antigen site density of the major Rh antigens (C, c, E, e, and D) on red blood cell ghosts sensitized with WITH IgG Rh antibodies were determined using electron microscopy and ferritin conjugated rabbit anti-human IgG. The ferritin particle distribution pattern of all the Rh antigens studied was random and ranged from relatively isolated monodispersed clusters containing less than eight ferritin particles to large localized aggregates or masses of 20 or more ferritin particles. Evidence is presented to indicate that most of the antigen clustering was due to the conjugate during staining of the cell bound IgG on the stroma preparations. The conjugate-induced antigen clustering was influenced by both the titer of the conjugate and the staining time. Whether a similar degree of antigen mobility exists in the native membrane remains to be determined. Estimates of the number of cell bound IgG molecules (number of antigenic determinants) based on ferritin particle scoring of IgG Rh antibody sensitized red blood cells under nonsaturating conditions were in the range of 20,000 to 32,000 for each of the Rh antigens. These findings are consistent with the view that the Rh antigen complex is associated with a single membrane component. PMID- 56795 TI - [New methods of identifying chromosomes]. AB - The data are considered on the possibility to identify chromosome after differential inhibition of their spiralization when staining the preparations with acrichin derivatives with the subsequent application of fluorescent microscopy as well as with staining by Giemza after treatment of the preparations with hot salt solutions, alkalies or proteolytic enzymes. Materials of the Paris Conference on the human chromosome nomenclature 1971 are described briefly and recommendations of the Committee on standardization of the mice genetic nomenclature are given. PMID- 56796 TI - [Clinico-morphological study of vesico-ureteral reflux in patients with adenoma of the prostate gland]. PMID- 56797 TI - Case profile: Bladder mass. PMID- 56798 TI - [Effect of certain hormones on acid-base equilibrium and oxygen tension in the aqueous humor (experimental studies)]. PMID- 56799 TI - Rhinitis of pigs: A gross staining method for macroscopic examination of the nasal mucosa. AB - A phloxine-alcian blue (PhAB) method has been used to stain the porcine nasal mucosa for macroscopic examination. Applied to either fresh or fixed specimens it stains respiratory epithelium dark blue and non-cilated epithelium, including the metaplastic epithelia of rhinitis, bright pink. The PhAB technique is simple, inexpensive and dependable, and is suitable for routine application in the post mortem room. Stained and fixed specimens may be preserved virtually indefinitely. PMID- 56800 TI - A comparison of two dry cow intramammary treatments. PMID- 56801 TI - Trials with chlorpyrifos (Dursban) as a systemic insecticide against the cattle louse. AB - Data for louse control are presented chiefly on chlorpyrifos (Dursban) 0, 0 diethyl 0-(3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate and fenchlorphos in one trial and chlorpyrifos and famphur in three trials. These animal systemics were tested on 168 dairy calves in four herds located in three regions of the North Island, New Zealand. Louse control, following single backline, dermal applications, showed 80%, 87% and 100% with dosages of chlorpyrifos at 5 mg, 13 mg and 20 to 200 mg per kg, respectively, and 100% and 93% with dosages of famphur at 20 mg per kg, respectively. Poor louse control (24 to 58%) with fenchlorphos was expected since this compound requires two applications 14 days apart. Ovicidal effect was demonstrated with chlorpyrifos and famphur. Minor scurfing and hair loss occurred on some calves with all compounds, but hair coats were normal 28 days after treatment. Calves given 100 mg to 200 mg per kg chlorpyrifos showed signs of organophosphate toxicity from 5 mins to 90 mins post treatment but were normal thereafter. PMID- 56802 TI - [Some problems in the molecular biology of animal viruses]. PMID- 56803 TI - [Formation of giant cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma during bleomycin treatment: enzymehistochemical, electronmicroscopic and ultrahistochemical investigations (author's transl)]. AB - During treatment of keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas with bleomycin tumor cells are devitalized by keratinization, while simple necrosis plays a minor role. Connected with this process is a marked resorptive granulomatous inflammation with numerous macrophages which is followed by a fibrous organization. In the border region of the keratinized tumor areas many multinucleated giant cells appear. The nature of these giant cells was the subject of controversy. Enzyme histochemical, electronmicroscopic, and ultrahistochemical investigations in three cases of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity prove that the giant cells which are formed during bleomycin treatment are not multinucleated tumor cells, but multinucleated macrophages. The enzymatic pattern is similar to macrophages with a high content of acid phosphatase and aminopeptidase. The ultrastructure of the giant cells is characterized by lysosomes with acid phosphatase activity, pinocytotic vesicles, and cytoplasmic projections on the cell surface with signs of macroendocytosis. The tumor cells show an epithelial differentiation with desmosomes, tonofibrils, and keratohyaline granula. The giant cells are formed by fusion of mononucleated (monocytogenic) macrophages. The fusions seem to be related to the functional status of the cells. It is possible, that the macrophages and the giant cells have an additional immunologic function. This is suggested by the frequent association of giant cells with lymphocytes. The importance of these facts for the evaluation of the action of bleomycin and the consequences for its therapeutic use are discussed. A combination with methods causing a dedifferentiation of the tumor or suppression of the immunologic defense seems to be problematic. PMID- 56804 TI - Demonstration of hepatitis B surface antigen by orcein staining in paraffin sections of cirrhotic liver. AB - Blood and liver from 44 and 30 patients, died in cirrhosis and other diseases, respectively were tested for the presence of HBSAg. Blood samples obtained at autopsy and in seven cirrhosis cases also before death were tested for HBSAg by counter-electrophoresis. Detection of HBSAg in hepatocytes was carried out in paraffin sections by the modified orcein staining technique of Shikata et al. Ten of 14 HBSAg seropositive and 2 of 30 HBSAg seronegative cirrhotic patients had orcein positive hepatocytes, which were not found in any liver specimen from the 30 non-cirrhotic seronegative patients. The orcein positive substance localized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes, less often it was also seen in a few Kupffer cells. The hepatocellular carcinoma cells present in part of the livers studied did not contain any orcein positive substance. Histological changes in the cirrhotic livers showed morphological indication of the presence of HBSAg, except on staining with orcein. The modified orcein staining technique is a simple, handy procedure for use in any routine pathological laboratory and has the additional advantage of detecting HBSAg also in stored paraffin blocks. PMID- 56805 TI - Effect of ATP and other nucleotides on the bleomycin-induced degradation of vaccinia virus DNA. PMID- 56806 TI - Induction of a novel transforming virus (MSV-Z) from sarcoma-positive leukemia negative 3T3FL mouse cells. PMID- 56807 TI - Evidence for hybrid formation between rubella virus and a latent virus of BHK21/WI-2 cells. PMID- 56808 TI - Ultraviolet inactivation of avian sarcoma viruses: biological and biochemical analysis. PMID- 56809 TI - FeLV-related sequences in DNA from a FeLV-free cat colony. PMID- 56810 TI - Properties of murine intracisternal A particles: electron microscopic appearance after critical point drying and platinum shadowing. PMID- 56811 TI - The association of the infecting DNA of herpes simplex virus with cellular components. PMID- 56812 TI - [Teaching with visual aids in the system of special training of medical staff and of the military medical training of troops]. PMID- 56813 TI - [Antigen-inducing activity of blood preparations from leukemia patients]. AB - The evidence of appearance of specific surface antigen in the blood leukocytes of monkeys inoculated with cell-containing or cell-free materials from patients with leukemia (different variants of acute leukemia, chronic myelo- and lympholeukemia) with various clinicohematological characteristics is presented. The results of comparisons of the electron microscope and immunofluorescent examinations of experimental and control monkeys showed that the majority of the experimental animals with positive immunofluorescent tests were shown by the electron microscope examinations to have virus particles type C. PMID- 56814 TI - [Properties of mouse hemocytoblastosis-reticulosis (Mazurenko) virus]. AB - The results of molecular biological study of the properties of hemocytoblastosis reticulosis virus (Mazurenko) are presented. The virus was found to have buoyant density of 1.16 g/cm3 in sucrose density gradient. Virions contain 70S RNA possess reverse transcriptase activity. PMID- 56815 TI - [Biology of a newly isolated agent of the Chlamydia group]. AB - The results of identification of the agent ("Progress" strain) isolated from the organs of a calf sacrificed in the early stage of pneumonia are presented. The agent adapted to yolk sacs of chick embryos was pathogenic for white mice by the intracerebral route and for monkeys infected with aerosol. The infected animals developed specific complement-fixing antibody. The antigen of the agent reacted in the CFT with homologous immune sera and with sera against ornithosis and other members of the ornithosis-lymphogranuloma-trachoma (OLT) group. In cell cultures the agent multiplied well and produced cytoplasmic inclusion bodies characteristic of the OLT group members. PMID- 56816 TI - [Similarity and difference in the antigenic composition of hemagglutinins isolated from influenza A2 viruses at different time intervals]. PMID- 56817 TI - [Preliminary investigations of the serum alpha-1-fetoprotein level in mature and premature newborn infants (author's transl)]. AB - Semiquantitative determination of the serum AFP concentration was carried out in 170 newborn infants (mature and premature) by means of crossover electrophoresis on admission to hospital and at 1 to 2 weekly intervals thereafter. The infants were divided into 3 groups according to their birth weight and also grouped according to gestational age into 3 further groups. The serum AFP level was correlated with the age in weeks of the infants for each group separately. Mature newborn infants with a birth weight of over 2500 g show a rapid fall in serum AFP titre; AFP is no longer detectable after the 9th week of life. In premature infants with a birth weight of 1500 to 2500 g, the fall in AFP titre is delayed and reaches zero between the 7th and 13th week of age. There is a markedly slower decrease in serum AFP concentration in the group of immature infants with a birth weight of under 1500 g; the limit of detectability lies between the 13th and the 17th week of age. An almost identical pattern is revealed when the infants are grouped according to gestational age. The possibility of diagnosing the small for date babies and severe liver disease by means of the serum AFP titre is discussed. PMID- 56818 TI - [Treatment of hypotensive circular dysregulation using Gutron in practice]. PMID- 56819 TI - [Treatment of hypotension in general practice with Gutron]. PMID- 56820 TI - [Arrhythmias and expert testimony]. PMID- 56821 TI - [Radiotherapy of benign diseases. 6. Radiation of mostly degenerative skeletal diseases]. PMID- 56822 TI - [The role of lithonephrotomy in palliative and causative therapy]. PMID- 56823 TI - [Experiences in the determination of thyroxine iodine in serum in various functional conditions of the thyroid gland]. AB - A report is given on the method of the thyroxine iodine determination in the serum. Of 213 patients the result of the thyroxine iodine determination was compared with the clinically and radiologically established functional condition of the thyroid gland. The findings are discussed. Similar results were also reported of other in-vitro-tests (T3-test, T4-test, BEJ and PBJ). According to our experiences we consider the thyroxine iodine determination in the serum siutable as screening test which - when there is a suspicion of a hypo- or hyper- thyroidism - needs the supplementation by the radio-iodine functional and localisation tests. PMID- 56824 TI - [Frequency and type of arrhythmias in patients with chronic coronary disease]. AB - Serious arrhythmias are accepted to be the main cause of sudden death in acute coronary artery disease (CAD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and type of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with chronic CAD. 67 patients with suspected chronic CAD, documented by history and/or Ecg-changes, were investigated by means of a dynamic Ecg (Holter Avionics) with an average of 11 hours monitoring. On the basis of concomitant ST-segment depressions the patients were divided into 3 groups (A: greater than 0.1mV; B: 0.05-0.09mV; C: less than 0.05mV). The frequency of serious arrhythmias increased significantly with a greater degree of ST-segment depression. Serious arrhythmias were observed in 54% in group A, in 46% in group B, but only in 24% in group C. The frequency of minor arrhythmias such as occasional (less than 12/min atrial or ventricular premature contractions was essentially the same in all 3 groups. In 12 patients more than one serious arrhythmia were documented. Of the serious arrhythmias observed, 94% were tachycardias and/or secondary to increased myocardial irritability and therefore could respond favourably to beta-blocking agents. We believe that arrhythmias in patients with known chronic CAD should be taken seriously and longterm treatment with beta-blockers considered. PMID- 56825 TI - The interpretation of routine CSF tests. PMID- 56826 TI - [The significance of inner ear fluid (perilymph) in forensic medicine (author's transl)]. AB - An original method for collecting the perilymph in the inner ear by chiselling the pyramid of the temporal bone is presented; From 300 to 350 mul of fluid may be obtained each time. Various types of determination were performed on 399 human cadavers. The alcohol level was tested in 140 cases, the ABO(H) group antigens were determined in 89 cases, the phenotypes of the gamma-globulin (1) group system in 152 cases, and the alpha1-antitrypsin (Pi) system in 18 cases. Determinations of the alcohol level in the perilymph has been confirmed to be useful, as they allow not only determination of the degree of intoxication in cadavers in an advanced state of decomposition, but also by comparing the alcohol concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid, the vitreous humour, and the blood, the phases of elimination and absorption of alcohol may be more precisely determined. It was also found that the perilymph is a good medium for the determination of the group antigens of the red blood-cells and the gamma-globulin system, the serum and the alpha1-antitrypsin enzyme. These data suggest that the method may be more widely used in various forensic medical tests. PMID- 56827 TI - [LE cells in the synovial fluid]. AB - The occurence of LE cells in the synovial fluids of two patients is reported. The demonostration of LE cells in synovial exudate is clinically valuable. Examination of joint fluid should therefore pay attention to the search for LE cells and their precursors. Reoccurrence of E-cells in the synovial fluid indicates their origin in the joint cavit. They could still be found even after multiple intraarticular injections of triamcinolone acetonide. PMID- 56828 TI - Influence of treflan, lindane, and ceresan on different parameters of symbiotic nitrogen fixation and yield in Cicer arietinum. PMID- 56829 TI - [Problem in the partial separation of X- and Y-carrying human spermatozoa]. AB - The introduction of a fluorescent staining technique for identification of Y chromosome made possible the distinction of X- and Y-bearing human spermatozoa. Using this fluorescence analysis the isolation of Y- and X-bearing human spermatozoa were investigated employing two different methods for separation of spermatozoa. 1. The migration of human spermatozoa in cervical mucus obtained from women shortly before mid-cycle was studied, using an in-vitro method for horizontal sperm penetration. Basing on the progressive sperm motility in cervical mucus, a fraction rich in Y-bearing spermatozoa in the frontal zone of sperm migration was found. 2. Gradient centrifugation at different rotor speeds using a discontinous sucrose gradient has been employed for separation of human spermatozoa. A significant trend for separation of Y- and X-bearing spermatozoa was demonstrated. The results were shortly discussed. PMID- 56830 TI - [Changes in heparinocytes during the administration of Depositon and Sequenz Ovosiston]. AB - During hormonal contraception with Deposiston (once a week pill) and with Sequenz Ovosiston (14 days mestranol 0.1 mg, 7 days mestranol 0,08 mg and 2 mg chlormadinone acetate) doesn't take place a change of basophil granulocytes (heparinocytes) in blood. Under Deposiston the small elevation is somewhat lengthened, under Sequenz-Ovosiston the elevated phase is similar to those of the normal menstrual cycle. The smaller risk of thromboembolia under heparinocytopenia preventing contraceptives is discussed. PMID- 56831 TI - Antigenic variation of neuraminidase of human type A influenza (H3N2) viruses isolated in Berlin (West). AB - After the emergence of the A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) strain of influenza virus antigenic variation of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens have been demonstrated leading to the identification of the variants A/England/42/72,a/Port Chalmers/1/73 and A/Scotland/840/74. This study describes antigenic changes of neuraminidases in influenza viruses isolated since 1968 in Berlin (West). A collection of 13 isolates of human type A influenza was studied in neuraminidase inhibition tests. The results are in line with data from other laboratories indicating a major change in the neuraminidase antigen as early as December 1969. The strains isolated at that time cross-reacted with an antiserum against the N2 Hong Kong enzyme to less than 50%. During the following years (1970 to 1972) the neuraminidase remained fairly stable. Serological cross-reactions showing 47 to 38% inhibition as compared to the homologous N2-antigen. The neuraminidase of the A/Berlin/3/72 strain revealed a close antigenic relationship to the later appearing A/Port Chalmers 1/73 variant. Two strains isolated in 1975 (January) showed an even further drift away from the then representative A/Port Chalmers/1/73 strain. The fact that the neuraminidase antigens of the Berlin viruses had changed in December 1969 may account for the severe 1969/70 influenza epidemic in Berlin affecting a large proportion of the population. Prevalent anti neuraminidase antibodies may play a role in restricting a variant carrying a new hemagglutinin to primarily infected individuals by cross-reacting with a closely related enzyme. PMID- 56832 TI - Cross-protection induced in mice by immunizations with proteins of related bacteria species. AB - Groups of mice were immunized with detoxified protein from S. typhimurium, S. paratyphi B and S. paratyphi C. Consecutive infections with different concentrations of the homologous and heterologous strains showed that: 1. Immunizations with proteins from S. typhimurium induced protections in 65% of the mice infected with 50 LD100 of their natural pathogen, and in 80% of the mice infected with 50 LD100 of S. paratyphi B; the infection with S. paratyphi C of mice in this group afforded protection against 20 LD100 in 75% of the animals. 2. Immunization with proteins from S. paratyphi B induced protection in the mice against the infection with 20 LD100 of S. typhimurium (survival of 80% of the mice) and against 20 LD100 of the homologous S. paratyphi B (survival of 90% of the mice). 3. Immunization with proteins from S. paratyphi C protected the mice against the infection with 20 LD100 of S. typhimurium in a proportion of 80-85% of the animals; infection with the homologous S. paratyphi C did not result in protection against more than 20 LD100 of the bacteria (80-85% survivals). The survivors, in each group, when reinfected 30 days later with 50 LD100 of S. typhimurium resisted in a proportion of 100%, as a consequence of antibodies induced against more specific proteins released in the mice during the infections by the related pathogens. PMID- 56833 TI - The unfortunate role of precedent in bacteriology. I. The main antigens of salmonellae: the proteins. AB - Proteins from S. paratyphi B were found to be better immunogens, in rabbits, than the bacteria from which they were extracted. Likewise, proteins from S. newport induced antibodies which reacted in agar gel, against proteins from many species of Salmonella. The immunogenicity of the bacterial proteins, as well as their many biological activities are ignored because the classic techniques used lose these main antigens of Enterobacteriaceae. The contrasting overemphasized role attributed to the lipopolysaccharides has created a precedent which is not to the advantage of bacteriology. PMID- 56834 TI - Serological studies of bovine mycoplasmas. II. Determination of taxonomical relatedness by means of seven tests. PMID- 56835 TI - [The tetralogy of Fallot: surgical treatment. 145 cases (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The overall operative risk for the palliative procedures for Tetralogy was 3,2% (93 cases). The Blalock-Taussig shunt remains the intervention of choice in older children. The Waterston shunt gives optimal results in the infants under six months of age but on long term the hasard of pulmonary hypertension still exists. 2. Before 1965, the mortality rate for the total repair was 43,7% (16 cases). During the last 8 years, the mortality rate decreased to 5,7% (36 cases). One operative death after total correction with a Potts shunt is not included in this figure. This type of shunt was replaced by the Waterston shunt after 1966, because of the high operative risk total correction and the high frequency of pulmonary hypertension on long term. 3. The long-term results were excellent in 85% of the survivors (mean follow-up of 4,1 years). A pulmonary insufficiency was found on clinical examination in 35% of the cases. This insufficiency was well tolerated by all patients. The long-term consequences, however, are uncertain. 4. It seams rational to proceed to an earlier total correction in these cases when well defined criteria are fullfilled, as the mortality figures of the palliative and corrective procedures have a tendency to reach each other: (3,2 versus 5,7%). PMID- 56836 TI - [Treatment of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer with gastrectomy using a "T" tube. Preliminary report (author's transl)]. AB - Perforation of gastro-duodenal ulcers is followed by a 10% mortality rate. Surgery remains the first choice treatment. A series of 27 cases treated as emergencies by a gastrostomy with a "T" tube of Kehr is reported. The technique is simple and operative time minimal. It is especially indicated in perforations of more than 8 hours or happening in old or diseased patients. It is safer than simple sutures and makes an efficient postoperative intensive care possible. Its purpose is to save the patient while postponing elective surgery. PMID- 56838 TI - Joint motion of the child hand. PMID- 56837 TI - [Mediastinoscopy and bronchial carcinoma. Experience with 600 mediastinoscopies (author's transl)]. AB - Of 600 mediastinoscopies carried out from 1966 to 1973, 479 were performed to assess the operability of a pulmonary carcinoma. Of these, (43%) were positive and (57%) negative. Of the 161 patients found positive during an initial period, 14 were considered candidates for operation. The tumour was irresectable in one patient, who died after 3.5 months; curative resection was possible in one and palliative resection in 12 patients. These 12 patients all died within a year. Of the 184 patients found negative during an initial period, 149 were treated by operation. The tumour proved irresectable in 5%, while curative resection was possible in 76% and palliative resection in 19%. Comparison with the period 1957 1963, when in the same hospital resection was performed after a negative Daniels biopsy, shows that the tumour was irresectable in 20%, while curative resection was possible in 35% and palliative resection in 45%. During a second period, patients with a positive mediastinoscopy were refused operation. Of 89 negative patients, 81 were treated by operation. No tumour was found to be irresectable; curative resection was possible in 78% and palliative resection in 22%. A survival study was made of 100 operated patients with a follow-up from a minimum of two years and four months to a maximum of four years and four months. The early mortality averaged 10%. The late mortality was 31% after curative lobectomy, 43% after curative pneumonectomy, and 100% after palliative resection. The survival was 49% PMID- 56839 TI - Sensory innervation of finger flexor tendons and their synovio-aponeurotic sheaths. Neuromorphological and histochemical study. PMID- 56840 TI - Transplantation of autologous bone in surgical treatment of fracture non-union and pseudarthrosis of long bones. PMID- 56841 TI - Injury of the nasomaxillary complex. PMID- 56843 TI - Cryptotia associated with lop ear. A new technique for repair. PMID- 56842 TI - Complete division of the ulnar nerve as a complication of medullary fixation of fractured olecranon. PMID- 56845 TI - Obituary: A. B. Wallace. PMID- 56844 TI - Employment of collagen preparations for treatment of large skin wounds (clinico experimental study). PMID- 56846 TI - Robert F. Ivy died. PMID- 56847 TI - Empirical recurrence risks in facial clefts. PMID- 56848 TI - Meningitis with Le-like cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 56849 TI - Studies on guinea pig skin cell cultures. V. Co-culture of pigmented melanocytes and albino keratinocytes, a model for the study of pigment transfer. AB - Mixed cultures of melanocytes (M) and keratinocytes (K) are easily obtained from pigmented guinea pig ear skin. They are suitable for the study of pigment transfer from M to K. However, quantitation is difficult because many K are already loaded with pigment prior to cultivation. A technique is presented in which pigment-producing M are co-cultured with K of albino origin. Pigmented guinea pig ear skin is split with trypsin and basal cells including M are harvested. The cell suspension is treated with sodium citrate which prevents the attachment of K (but not of M) to the culture substrate. Ninety per cent pure M cultures are obtained. Five to seven days later, another basal cell suspension is prepared, this time from albino ear skin. This second suspension is seeded on top of the pigment-forming culture of M. The number of contacts between albino K and pigment-forming M increases as a direct function of time. Contrarily, the number of K which become pigmented increases until the fifth day of co-culture and decreases thereafter. PMID- 56850 TI - Biosynthesis of prostaglandins by human inflamed skin. AB - The biosynthesis of prostaglandins by human inflamed skin was studied in 8 patients with primary irritant dermatitis induced by benzalconium-chloride. Inflamed skin from these patients evidenced an increased ability to synthesize prostaglandins. In the presence of exogenous arachidonic acid in the incubation medium, the activity formed was about 80% greater in inflamed skin than in non inflamed control skin. In prostaglandin E1-equivalents the concentration amounted to 8.09 +/- 1.59 ng/mg protein nitrogen and 4.51 +/- 1.24 ng/mg protein nitrogen, respectively (mean values +/- S.E.). When inflamed skin was incubated without excess of exogenous precursor acids in the incubation medium the activity formed was about 80 times lower and the values were similar to those of non-inflamed skin. Thus, the present results support the view that the prostaglandin system is activated in primary irritant dermatitis, thereby providing a basis for future therapeutic attempts to control this disorder. PMID- 56851 TI - Immunological phenomena induced by UV rays. AB - Antiserum against UV-irradiated DNA was prepared and used as a specific reagent in an indirect immunofluorescence (IF) technique for the detection of photochemically damaged DNA in the epidermis of hairless mice. Fluorescence of cell nuclei was found in sections of dorsal epidermis of mice immediately after the irradiation. It persisted for 24 hours. The IF reaction became negative after 48 hours, irrespective of the duration of UV exposure to which the mice were subjected. This may indicate: either (a) the occurrence of DNA repair processes, or (b) the relation of DNA repair to the life cycle of the epidermal cell. Mice exposed to UV radiation similar to the erythema spectrum of sunlight do not show any changes in the cellular DNA, even after a dose of 40 MED. PMID- 56852 TI - Dissociation of human adult epidermal cells by disulfide-reducing agents and subsequent trypsinization. AB - Primary cultures of epidermal cells from human adult skin were dissociated by dithiothreitol (DTT) with subsequent trypsinization. After treatment with disulfide reducing agents, the desmosomes were either destroyed or showed a homogeneous ultrastructure. Trypsin separated the homogeneous desmosomes, whereas cell membranes, organelles, and nuclei remained undamaged. Trypsin did not influence normal desmosomes. A suspension of human epidermal cells was recultivated in new flasks. Two types of cells grew in the cultures--polygonal and spindle-shaped. The polygonal cells were maintained for 30 to 60 days and grew slowly. The spindle-shaped cells were leucine-amino-peptidase negative, grew actively, and were subcultured. PMID- 56853 TI - Demonstration of 3-methoxytyrosine in the urine of melanoma patients. AB - With the aid of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry a metabolite of dopa, 3 methoxytyrosine, has been demonstrated in the urine of 2 patients with melanoma metastases, the amounts excreted being 4.0 mg and 8.5 mg/24 hours, respectively. 3-Methoxytyrosine could not with certainty be identified in the urines of two normal subjects. PMID- 56854 TI - Benign and malignant proliferative response. Dermal infiltration, origin and importance. AB - Lymphoreticular infiltration (LRI) is the most common type of dermal infiltration. The LRI is made up of two main components: (i) a dermal skeleton, and (ii) the infiltration in a strict sense. (i) The dermal skeleton consists of the blood vessel involved, most probably a post-capillary venule, and activated fibroblasts (Fig. 3). The activated fibroblasts contain "paraplasmatic granules" in their processes (Fig. 4). Since the fibroblasts are in mutual contact by their ramifications (Fig. 3), they are reticulum cells by definition (Bessis). In our opinion they are the only local reticulum cells in the dermis. They are not stem cells, nor do they belong to the reticulo-endothelial system and they do not give rise to histiocytes. (ii) In the skeleton of LRI, other cells infiltrate, predominantly monocytes and lymphocytes. The LRI may specialize and contain various amounts of neutrophilic, basophilic, or eosinophilic leukocytes and plasma cells. If enough B-lymphocytes and plasmacells are involved, abnormal globulins may be produced (e.g. syphilis II). The lymphomas are considered to be malignant proliferative disorders of LRI-type. LRI is found in allergic spreading reactions mediated by stimulated lymphocytes. A similar spreading of lymphocytes is to be expected if the allergen sensitizes a lymphocyte with neoplastic information (e.g. tumor virus) (Fig. 6). The degree of dedifferentiation and the response of the organism to the dedifferentiated lymphocytes is the reason for the variety of lymphomas. PMID- 56855 TI - The activation of antigens of the basement membrane zone by proteolytic enzymes in vitro. AB - Following brief exposure of cryostat sections of human skin to the action of proteolytic enzymes (papain or trypsin), there was a pronounced increase in the antibody binding sites of the basement membrane zone, shown in indirect immunofluorescence by an increased intensity in fluorescence of the basement membrane zone as compared with preparations which had not previously undergone incubation, and by an increase of 5-6 (papain) or 4-5 (trypsin) titre dilution steps. This effect was practically absent when guinea-pig tongue was used as the antigenic substrate. In conjunction with findings published in the literature, our results can be interpreted as indicating that the activation of the basement membrane zone antigens by proteolytic enzymes is associated with an increase in antigenicity which results in the formation of "auto-antibodies" of the basement membrane zone antibody type. PMID- 56856 TI - Studies on T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of discoid lupus erythematosus patients with and without chloroquine treatment. AB - The proportions of T-B cells of peripheral lymphocytes in DLE patients as well as the effect of chloroquine treatment on T cell count were studied. In DLE, both the active and the total rosette-forming cell counts decreased, whereas the B cell count did not differ from normal values. Long-term chloroquine administration causes a further reduction in T cell count. PMID- 56857 TI - Keratinized cells as a possible yellow-stain receptor for gold-orange. AB - Using a previously described staining procedure, it was found that gold-orange stains some epithelial cells yellow, both in skin sections and in cytologic smears from skin and various other epithelia. A correlation seems to exist between the degree of keratinization and the yellow colour obtained with this staining method. PMID- 56858 TI - Study of some minerals in normal Egyptian scalp hair. AB - Scalp hair of 128 normal individuals of both sexes and of differing ages was examined for its mineral content by flame photometric and colorimetric procedures. The results obtained revealed that sodium and potassium may be considered as sex specific and of value as a medico-legal sign, while no marked difference was observed between male and female calcium content. The values of scalp hair copper were found to be slightly higher in females than in males. Similarly the mean value of scalp hair iron was found higher in females than in males, especially during the female reproductive period. Regarding the scalp hair phosphorus content, it has been found that a relationship between phosphorus and calcium does exist. PMID- 56859 TI - Treatment of hereditary angioneurotic edema with tranexamic acid and cinnarizine. AB - Six out of 7 Finnish patients suffering from hereditary angioneurotic edema were helped during attacks, by treatment with tranexamic acid (AMCA, Cyklokapron, Kabi) in doses of 1.5 g 3 times daily, follow-up time 3-25 months. 3 of these patients also had continuous AMCA treatment, in the course of which 2 remained nearly symptom-free on a dosage of 1 g 2-3 times daily. Even the third one had shorter and milder attacks. One patient, however, had to stop taking AMCA after 6 weeks' treatment, because of fatigue and nausea. Follow-up time for the others was 9-11 months. For comparative purposes, 3 patients were given continuous treatment with an antihistamine, cinnarizine in a dosage of 20-30 mg daily. Two of the patients were helped by it, one becoming nearly symptom-free and the other having fewer and milder attacks; follow-up time 9-10 months. PMID- 56860 TI - Erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme associated with milker's nodules. AB - An epidemic of 44 cases of milker's nodules was recorded in the Tampere Central Hospital catchment area in Finland during the autumn of 1974. Exanthema or erythema multiforme-like secondary eruptions were seen in 10 cases. One female patient is reported in detail because of the simultaneous occurrence of erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme. The virological diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopy. PMID- 56861 TI - Exaggerated onychodermal band associated with unilateral racket thumb nail. AB - Exaggerated onychodermal bands and a unilateral racket thumb nail occurred in a healthy 36-year-old primiparous female. Each condition is described and the relationship of exaggerated onychodermal bands to chronic renal disease (systemic disease) is reviewed. We are reporting this patient since we have been unable to find a similar reported case with both abnormalities and because of the paucity of information on these conditions in the dermatology literature. PMID- 56862 TI - Neurotoxicity--a side-effect of sulphones. PMID- 56863 TI - Keratodermia blennorrhagica in a woman with relapsing polychondritis. PMID- 56864 TI - Letter: Mixed (lichenoid and macular) cutaneous amyloidoses. PMID- 56865 TI - Subacute thyroiditis. Eleven cases with histological confirmation and thyrotrophic response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone. AB - Eleven cases are reported of subacute thyroiditis with histopathological study; there were 9 females and 2 males. Bacteriological studies were inconclusive. Different stages of pathological involvement were observed at the same time in all patients. The clinical course followed the classical pattern in most cases: hyperthyroid-like, hypothyroid-like phase and recovery. Blood TSH assessment before and after TRH stimulation revealed an early phase of depression unresponsive to TRH, followed by high levels with marked stimulation; during the first phase, radioiodine uptake was low, but was enhanced by exogenous TSH administration; accordingly the low uptake seems to be due to low TSH levels and not to complete destruction of the thyroid gland. Failure of TSH levels to rise after TRH stimulation is typical of this stage of the disease. Although the final outcome is not yet predictable in some patients, definitive myxoedema appears to be probable in two cases. PMID- 56866 TI - [Differential diagnostic procedures in localized liver diseases]. AB - Liver scintigraphy by means of 99mTc-sulphur colloid (n = 430) and 67Gallium citrate (n = 180) were carried out on selected patients, on a follow-up study. This study was undertaken to prove the possibility of early diagnosis of primary hepatic carcinomas. Only autoptically verified cases (n = 119) were used for the evaluation of the accuracy of liver scans. 99mTc-s.c. -scans predicted the presence or absence of focal liver diseases in 78% of the cases. Scan data were falsely positive in 10% and falsely negative in 28%. PMID- 56867 TI - Kurloff cells. 1. Histochemical characteristics of the Kurloff bodies. AB - Kurloff cells, characterized by a large inclusion body in ill-defined lymphoreticular cells, were induced in male guinea pigs by oestrogen administration. The inclusion body material was characterized by way of light- and electron microscopy and histochemical staining reactions. Nucleo-protein were not detected, but certian tests for amino acids were observed and, at the peripheral parts of the inclusion bodies, phospholipid tests were positive. However, forced proteolysis of lipid extractions failed to abolish the reactions for detection of carbohydrate-rich compounds in the inclusion bodies thus confirming that their main characteristics were those of glycoproteins. Series of histochemical tests demonstrated the presence of periodate-reactive 1, 2-glycol groups and sulphate radicals. Periodate-reactive material and sulphomucins represented two separate substances, as demonstrated by extractions and combined staining tests. Some characteristics common with chondroitin sulphates were observed but, on the other hand, the observed differences suggested a different type of sulphation. The inclusion body failed to show any hydrolytic, dehydrogenase or oxidative enzyme activities, thus being metabolically inactive, although the cells showed certain enzyme activities in their cytoplasm and cell organelles. PMID- 56868 TI - Kurloff cells. 2. Histochemical and morphological characteristics of the Kurloff cells. AB - Kurloff cells (KB cells) containing a glycoprotein inclusion body appear in femal guinea pigs and can be induced in males by oestrogen administration. These cells are found in bone marrow, thymus, and in the red pulp of the spleen, but not in the lymph nodes. Gradually growing inclusion bodies were observed in a series of cells in these organs. Morphological and histochemical features suggested an active synthesis of the inclusion body material: cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum fused with the membrane surrounding the inclusion body and by way of electron histochemical methods periodate reactive material was demonstrated in the endoplasmic reticulum, in the Golgi cisternae, and in the inclusion body. Enzymatic activities were not observed in the inclusion body, but otherwise the KB cells showed enzymatic activities of oxidative and glycolytic pathways. Marker enzymes for the granulocytes series, the plasma cells, the mast cells, and the monocyte-reticulum cell group were negative in the KB cells and thus, classification of the KB cells into a particular cell type was not possible, although these cells obviously belong to the lymphoreticuar system. Phagocytosis was not observed, either. The possible role of the KB cells in the immune system are discussed. PMID- 56869 TI - [Refsum's disease: clinical or biological diagnosis? Discussion of 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 56870 TI - [Treatment of aphthae]. PMID- 56871 TI - The laboratory diagnosis of thyroid disorders. PMID- 56872 TI - Graft-versus-Host reactions: a review. PMID- 56873 TI - Cellular aspects of immunoglobulin A. PMID- 56874 TI - Histamine release in man. PMID- 56876 TI - Studies on the 14C-histamine release induced by histamine in mouse neoplastic mast cells. PMID- 56875 TI - Studies on the 14C-histamine release induced by noradrenaline in mouse neoplastic mast cells. AB - Murine neoplastic mast cells incubated with labelled histamine released 14C histamine when exposed to increasing concentrations of noradrenaline. This process was blocked by low temperature, by inhibiting oxidative metabolism and glycolysis, by calcium deprivation and by cytochalasin B. Electron microscope observations of cells exposed to noradrenaline revealed an increase of the Juxtanuclear Golgi Apparatus, and the appearance of a pronounced peripheral vacuolization. Cells exposed simultaneously to noradrenaline and cytochalasin B were characterized by a further increase of the Golgi apparatus, and by the appearance of many electron dense cytoplasmic granules. The possible mechanisms of the noradrenaline induced histamine release were discussed. PMID- 56877 TI - Galactose oxidase as a tool to label a glycoprotein and to study its fixation on isolated guinea-pig ileum receptors. PMID- 56878 TI - Proceedings: The significance of divalent cations for the release of histamine from isolated rat mast cells. PMID- 56879 TI - Proceedings: Effect of lidocaine on compound 48/80-induced histamine release. PMID- 56880 TI - Proceedings: The action of various histamine releasing agents on the volume distribution of rat mast cells registered by the Coulter Channelyzer. PMID- 56881 TI - Proceedings: The immunochemical binding of 14C-histamine. PMID- 56882 TI - Inhibition of leukocyte migration by serum from patients with prostatic cancer. PMID- 56883 TI - Sudden death following intravenous sodium diphenylhydantoin. AB - A well-documented (by ECG as well as autopsy) case of fatal ventricular asystole secondary to intravenous administration of sodium diphenylhydantoin is presented. The possible role of ventricular conduction disturbances, hypoxemia, and metabolic abnormalities as precipitating factors are discussed. PMID- 56884 TI - Clinical uses of His bundle electrocardiography. Part I. PMID- 56885 TI - Inpatient nursing: what is and what ought to be? PMID- 56886 TI - Psychological aspects of pain and pain control. PMID- 56887 TI - Blood viscosity and oral anticoagulant therapy. AB - During administration of bishydroxycoumarin, hematocrit, viscosity of whole blood, and viscosity of plasma decreased in samples from nine healthy volunteers and 31 patients who had coronary heart disease. The relationships between viscosity of blood and intensity of anticoagulant therapy varied from patient to patient. Discontinuation of the drug was followed by return of viscosities to pretreatment levels in two to four days. The decrease of viscosity of blood by anticoagulant therapy may explain the relief of anginal pain in patients who have coronary heart disease. PMID- 56888 TI - Natural green birefringence of amyloid. PMID- 56889 TI - Pharmacy exhibits in medical staff education. AB - The use of hospital pharmacy exhibits as a means of educating physicians about pharmacy services and improving physician-pharmacist relationships is discussed. Two exhibits concerning potassium supplementation and total parenteral nutrition are described. PMID- 56890 TI - Pharmacokinetics in drug therapy. I: Propranolol hydrochloride as adjunct therapy in the treatment of thyrotoxicosis. AB - A case study in which propranolol hydrochloride was used as adjunct therapy in the treatment of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response, thyrotoxicosis and high output heart failure is presented to illustrate the pharmacokinetics of this drug. The relationship of propranolol dosage to blood levels, the effect of blood levels on pharmacological response, the metabolism and elimination of propranolol, and determination of rational dosage of the drug, are discussed. PMID- 56891 TI - The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. I. Clinical and histologic studies: evidence for bilaterality, response to corticosteroids and articular involvement. AB - Eleven consecutive patients fulfulling criteria for the reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS) were studied by quantitative clinical methods, providing measurements of swelling (ring size), tenderness (dolorimeter) and functional capacity (grip strength). The predominantly affected extremity was clearly identified by these technics and its serial progress determined in six patients. Corticosteroid therapy predictably resulted in improvement of all treated patients. Greater tenderness was found in the joints than in the interjoint areas, indicating a possible accentuation of the disease process in juxta-articular tissues. Synovial biopsy specimens in four patients were abnormal, and the histology was presented in detail for the first time. All patients showed bilateral involvement during the study, providing evidence for a central neural mechanism in the RSDS. PMID- 56892 TI - The reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. II. Roentgenographic and scintigraphic evidence of bilaterality and of periarticular accentuation. AB - Patchy osteoporosis is the primary roentgenologic manifestation of the reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (RSDS). As recent clinical and histologic data suggested articular changes in RSDS, fine-detail roentgenograms were obtained in eight consecutive patients. Juxta-articular and soft-tissue swelling, osteoporosis and erosions of the subchondral bone were found. 99mTcO4 and 99mTc EHDP scintigraphy showed localization of nuclide predominantly in the juxta articular tissues. Serial roentgenographic, scintigraphic and quantitative bone densitometric measurements showed changes that reflected the clinical course of the disease. PMID- 56893 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein. AB - Despite all the information about AFP presented, a great deal still needs to be discovered especially in pregnancy. Geographical and racial differences remain to be elucidated. Similarly, differences in obstetric population in Helsinki and Baltimore, for example, are only now being studied. Sex differences may exist; Lardinois and associates195 cited a higher level of AFP in male than female fetuses. The important questions that need to be answered are whether AFP assays can help improve the other half of prenatal care- that directed to the fetus- and whether the AFP model can help enhance our understanding of the similarities and differences of fetal and cancer cells. PMID- 56894 TI - Serum prolactin concentrations in women treated with chlormadinone acetate. AB - Serum prolactin concentrations were measured serially in eight normal women who used continuous chlormadinone acetate treatment (500 mug per day) for six months as part of an investigational new drug contraceptive study. Circulating prolactin was also measured in women using several additional oral contraceptive steroid preparations including a sequential mestranol-mestranol + chlormadinone acetate regimen. No increase in basal serum prolactin concentration was produced by chlormadinone acetate treatment, either alone or when added to estrogen therapy. These results suggest that chlormadinone acetate may not alter human mammary tissue through a prolactin mechanism. PMID- 56895 TI - Fetal syphilis in the first trimester. AB - Evidenc of first-trimester fetal syphilis was sought in the products of conception in a therapeutic abortion clinic. During two collection periods of one week, five patients with serologic and clinical data consistent with recent syphilitic infection were identified. Their conceptuses were carefully examined by silver and immunofluorescent stains for the presence of Treponema pallidum. Two of these five conceptuses (9 and 10 weeks' gestation) were found to contain T. pallidum by these methods. The literature supporting the Langhans layer/five months' placental barrier theory is reviewed and discussed in view of these two first-trimester cases. PMID- 56896 TI - Bilateral adrenalectomy in treatment of disseminated breast cancer. AB - Forty-three patients underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for advanced breast cancer at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania from 1960 to 1974. Fourteen patients (32 per cent) experienced an objective remission. There was no difference in the initial free interval between the responders and nonresponders. Premenopausal patients who improved after surgical castration or androgen therapy and postmenopausal patients who responded to estrogen therapy and its subsequent withdrawal had a greater response to adrenalectomy. Twenty-three of the forty three patients who underwent bilateral adrenalectomy had evidence of metastatic involvement in at least one of the excised adrenal glands. Results show that patients who responded to previous therapy had a longer survival after adrenalectomy. PMID- 56897 TI - Audiotape-slide teaching. An assessment of group and individual presentation. AB - A series of fourteen audiotape-slide presentaiions on clinical physics and measurement were produced for self instruction by junior anaesthetists. A comparison of group and individual teaching carried out on fifteen trainees indicated no difference between the effectiveness of the two methods. In both cases almost 90% of the lecture points could be immediately recalled. Most students however preferred individual tuition. The assessment also allowed a comparison of individual lectures so that upgrading, modifying and rewriting of the appropriate lectures or parts of lectures could be carried out. The tapeslide technique and the format used was found to be very acceptable to the anaesthetists taking part. The flexibility of audiotape-slide lectures as a teaching medium is discussed. PMID- 56898 TI - [The effect of 6% hydroxyethyl starch, 45% dextran 60 and 5.5% oxy-poly-gelatine on blood volume and circulation in human volunteers (author's transl)]. AB - Studies in 30 volunteers showed that the volume increasing effect of a 2.5% Oxypolygelatine-solution is rather short (90 to 240 min), whereas the volume effect of a 4.5% Dextran 60 solution remained stable over a period of 240 min hydroxethyl-starch solution 6% caused a distinct increase in blood volume after a period of 90 min and of 240 min in five volunteers, while the blood volume of the other volunteers remained rather constant. The parameters we measured provide no explanation for this effect. PMID- 56899 TI - [The influence of hydroxyethyl starch solutions on circulation and on kidney function in hypovolaemic patients (author's transl)]. AB - In a group of 12 hypovolemic patients some parameters of circulation and kidney function were measured before and after an infusion of 1000 ml 6% hydroxyethyl starch solution (HES) was given. There were found increases in cardiac output, centralvenous pressure and endogenous creatinine clearance, and decreases of total peripheral resistance and shock index. Under the conditions of this investigation HES solution showed good properties as a plasma substitute. PMID- 56900 TI - [Hydroxyethyl starch as plasma substitute: experiments in isovolamic haemodilution (author's transl)]. AB - Isovolaemic haemodilution to a hematocrit of 10% was achieved by stepwise exchange of blood against 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) in 11 splenectomized dogs. All animals survived the actuely performed extreme haemodilution; one animal died 5 days later due to massive bilateral pneumonia. Blood volume as determined by 51Cr-tagged red cells was unchanged at hematocrit 10%; 2 and 5 hours after reaching the minimum haematocrit, blood volume was reduced by 7 and 15% of control. At day 3 after dilution, blood volume was normal again. Thus under conditions of extreme isovolaemic haemodilution the volume effect of hydroxyethyl starch was found inferior to that of dextran 60. Haemodilution with HES was associated with a presistent augmentation of the serum concentration alpha amylase. PMID- 56901 TI - [Circulatory changes during preoperative isovolaemic haemodilution with a mixed solution of hydroxyethyl starch and 5% human albumine. A clinical study (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of preoperative isovolaemic haemodilution on the circulation was examined in a clinical study. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary arterial pressure, cardiac output as well as haemoglobin and haematocrit values were determined. Stroke volume, total peripheral resistance, and the modified tension-time-index were calculated. A mixture of human albumin 5% and hydroxy ethyl-starch was used as a solution for dilution. During the dilution phase the cardiac output increased compensatorily to the decrease of haemoglobin and the haematocrit values. While the heart rate and the mean arterial pressure remained unchanged the total peripheral resistance was reduced. Considering the described conditions and contraindications, preoperative isovolaemic haemodilution is a suitable method to replace an intraoperative blood loss of up to 2000 ml autologously. Thus a posttransfusion hepatitis can be avoided. In addition, preoperative isovolaemic hemodilution improves the microcirculation and may have a prophylactic effect on the thrombosis in the postoperative phase. PMID- 56902 TI - [Comparative investigations of hydroxyethyl starch and dextran 60 in Isovolaemic haemodilution and haemorrhagic shock of rats (author's transl)]. AB - Isovolaemic blood volume replacement down to a haematocrit value of 20% by commercial dextran 60 or hydroxyethyl starch has been survived by male rats of the Wistar strain without significant deviations from the initial blood volume. The haemoglobin and haematocrit values were found to be practically within the normal range 14 days after treatment. In a second series of male rats of the Wistar strain haemorrhagic shock was maintained over a period of 60 min. The 48 hour survival rate amounted to 100% after retransfusion or replacement by hydroxyethyl starch or dextran 60 of the bleeding volume. The kidneys of both series when examined by the light microscopy showed no pathological changes. On the basis of the findings presented hydroxyethyl starch may be considered to be as effective in blood volume replacement as dextran 60. PMID- 56903 TI - [The influence of hydroxyethyl starch on blood clotting (author's transl)]. AB - It has been shown in clinical experiments that blood coagulation was delayed by Dextran 60 and Hydroxyethylstarch (HAS). During the postoperative period up to the 2nd postoperative day the measured clotting factors were decreased within the physiological range. Platelet adhesiveness was mainly reduced in the group of Dextran 60 and in the male Hydroxyethylstarch group. A similar effect of haemodilution as seen by haematocrit and blood viscosity results was produced by Dextran 60 and Hydroxyethylstarch. In the electrolyte group the values obtained did not show any significant influence on blood coagulation apart from a light and temporary trend to hypercoagulation during the day of operation. PMID- 56904 TI - [The influence of the plasmaexpander hydroxyethyl starch on the serological blood grouping tests as compared to dextran 60 and whole blood (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of HES on serological blood grouping (ABO. Rh. crossmatch) was tested in comparison with dextran. It was shown out that a previous volume substitution up to 20% did not influence the reading of blood grouping determination. Higher dilutions of blood led to rouleaux formation which however could be easily distinguished from agglutination by addition of isotonic saline solution. Crossmatching brings difficulties, as weak antibodies might be missed even using the AHG test due to too high a degree of dilution of the patient's serum by plasma expanders. Increasing the sensitivity be enzyme technics (Papain, Eldon) is not advisable as irreversible non-specific reactions can be found already at low degrees of volume substitution. PMID- 56905 TI - [Plasma histamine levels in man following infusion of hydroxyethyl starch: a contribution to the question of allergic or anaphylactoid reactions following administration of a new plasma substitute (author's transl)]. AB - In contrast to the effects of rapid infusion of gelatin and dextran preparations, no histamine release was observed in 10 human subjects (volunteers) following rapid infusion of hydroxyethyl starch. This was measured by fluorometric histamine determination in venous plasma. Furthermore no clinical symptoms of an allergic or anaphylactoid reaction could be detected in any of the volunteers. PMID- 56906 TI - [The effect of the plasma substitutes hydroxyethyl starch and dextrane-60 on the kidney function of dogs in acute haemorrhagic shock (author's transl)]. AB - In 14 dogs during experimentally induced haemorrhagic shock the effects of 6% solutions of hydroxyethyl starch and Dextran-60 were compared. As main parameters of the renal function the arterial and venous pressures, renal blood flow, creatinine-clearance as measure of the glomerular filtration rate, urinary flow rate and urinary excretion of sodium and potassium were estimated. After complete substitution of the lost blood volume both plasma substitutes increased the renal blood flow by 50%. Glomerular filtration rate returned to control values, urinary volume and potassium output increased whereas sodium output decreased slightly. If only 50% of the lost volume was substituted, the renal blood flow and filtration rate remained at or below control values. Hydroxyethyl starch and Dextran-60 proved to be almost equally effective in restoring renal function. PMID- 56907 TI - [On the lacking teratogenic effect of the plasmaexpander hydroxyethyl starch in the rat and mouse (author's transl)]. AB - Hydroxyethyl-starch (HES) has been tested for teratogenic activity in BD-strain rats and Swiss mice. HES in both species was shown not to be teratogenic. High doses of 50 g/kg/day given by intraperitoneal injection lead to abortion in all pregnant rats. This report in concerned with the important question of, whether development and normal life of the progeny of rats and mice is affected when treated with HES during pregnancy. Special attention has been given to potential teratogenic effects. PMID- 56908 TI - [Liberation of histamine by anaesthetics (author's transl)]. AB - Injection of Epontol (7 mg/kg i.v.) to male healthy students caused a brief increase in plasma histamine concentration from 0.7 ng/ml to 3.0 ng/ml. Combined injection (7 mg/kg) and infusion of Epontol (21 mg/kg during 15 min) or combined injection of Epontol (7 mg/kg) and suxamethonium (0.5 mg/kg) caused a more prolonged appearance of histamine in plasma without higher maximum concentrations. During anaesthesia with ketamine (Ketanest), halothane or nitrous oxide the histamine concentrations in plasma remained unaltered. PMID- 56909 TI - Localization of rabbit gamma globulins in the mouse visceral yolk sac placenta. AB - The yolk sac placenta has been implicated previously in transmission of passive immunity to the fetus. This work uses an immunohistochemical technique devised by Sternberger et al. ('69) to study this problem. Rabbit serum containing gamma globulins was injected into the uterine lumen of the White Swiss mouse during the last third of pregnancy. Two or four hours later yolk sacs were removed and fixed in 2% paraformaldehyde or freeze-dried and fixed with paraformaldehyde vapors. Finely chopped tissue was treated with (1) sheep antiserum to rabbit serum gamma globulin, (2) an antigen-antibody complex consisting of horseradish peroxidase and rabbit anti-horseradish peroxidase and (3) hydrogen peroxide and 3,3' diaminobenzidine. Reaction product was heavily concentrated in visceral yolk sac endodermal cells, frequently deposited in endothelial cells of vitelline vessels, and rarely in the serosal basement membrane and mesothelial cells which border the exocoelomic cavity. This supports evidence of other workers that the yolk sac membrane rapidly absorbs substances with which it comes in contact, transport into vitelline vasculature is a route of transfer from mother to fetus, and possible transfer into the exocoelomic cavity and thence to the amniotic cavity may occur in mice. PMID- 56910 TI - Changes in serum protein values of sheep infected with Fasciola gigantica. AB - Serum protein values were determined in 6 lambs given 1 dose of 200 metacercariae of Fasciola gigantica. Over the 22 weeks of the experiment, total serum protein values in these lambs were only moderately increased over those of control lambs (n = 6). The increase was mainly associated with the change in alpha2-globulin and gamma-globulin fractions. The highest value of gamma-globulin (39.03%) of total serum protein was observed at 18 weeks after infection. Mean albumin concentration in the exposed lambs decreased considerably, starting in week 8 and persisting until the end of the experiment. The lowest level (39.28%) was seen at week 16. PMID- 56912 TI - Membrane channels and conductance. Discussion paper. PMID- 56911 TI - Conformation and molecular mechanisms of carriers and channels. PMID- 56913 TI - Isolation and characterization of tryptic fragments of the sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosine triphosphatase. PMID- 56914 TI - [Semi-quantitative determination of alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid in normal and pathologic pregnancies]. PMID- 56915 TI - The platelet: membrane and surface reactions. PMID- 56916 TI - Inhibition of dihydrostreptomycin binding to Mycobacterium smegmatis by monovalent and divalent cation salts. AB - To better understand salt antagonism of dihydrostreptomycin (DSM) action on Mycobacterium smegmatis, the effects of monovalent and divalent cation salts on drug uptake were studied in relation to the lethal activity of DSM. In Sauton liquid medium NaCl, MgCl(2), and SrCl(2) inhibited the initial instantaneous binding of [(3)H]DSM to the organism and suppressed secondary uptake. These data correlated well with the capacity of each salt to prevent the lethal activity of DSM. It was concluded that monovalent and divalent cation salt antagonism of DSM action on M. smegmatis involves nonspecific interference with drug uptake. PMID- 56917 TI - A new actinomycin complex produced by a Micromonospora species: fermentation, isolation, and characterization. AB - A species of Micromonospora, Micromonospora floridensis NRRL 8020, has been found to produce an actinomycin complex consisting of at least 25 active components. After solvent extraction of the complex, separation of the individual components was carried out by preparative thin-layer chromatography. Hydrolysis and subsequent electrophoretic and chromatographic identification of the amino acid content of each of the isolated components have shown differences from known actinomycins, and the probability exists that these contain a number of amino or imino acids not previously found in other members of this group of antibiotics. PMID- 56918 TI - Surgical nurse clinical specialist. PMID- 56919 TI - Purification of DT-diaphorase by affinity chromatography. Occurrence of two subunits and nonlinear Dixon and Scatchard plots of the inhibition by anticoagulants. PMID- 56920 TI - Allergens of honey bee venom. PMID- 56921 TI - The accumulation ratio of K+, Na+, Ca2+ and tetrapropylammonium in steady-state Mitochondria. PMID- 56922 TI - Letter: Scabies in man. PMID- 56923 TI - Interrupted aortic arch: factors influencing prognosis. AB - From January, 1969, to June, 1974, 11 infants with interrupted aortic arch were operated upon. Eight of them died in the perioperative period. Their cases were reviewed in an attempt to find factors influencing the prognosis. Age, weight, preoperative hemodynamics, angiographic findings, and the type of arch anomaly did not influence the outcome. The operation, whether palliative or involving intracardiac repair, did not affect the prognosis. The only factor related to the outcome was the size of the conduit: in all infants who died, the vessel used to bridge the gap (carotid or subclavian artery) was of narrow diameter. In the 3 patients who survived it was of much larger bore. We conclude that in the repair of interrupted aortic arch, an adequate conduit is essential for success. PMID- 56924 TI - [Palliative surgery of transposition of great vessels associated with pulmonary stenosis]. AB - Palliative treatment for transposition of the great vessels with pulmonary stenosis (combined or not with ventricular septal defect) was studied in relation with 24 patients operated upon at Laennec's Hospital in Professor Mathey's section between January 70 and January 74. Three therapeutic attitudes are possible according to whether or not an atrial septal defect is created (Blalock Hanlon's operation) in combination with the systemic-pulmonary artery anastomosis, and according to whether the operations are performed in one or many steps. It seems that for the badly-tolerated forms of the new-born, combination of both operations seems to be the best attitude, the curative treatment being impossible at this age. PMID- 56925 TI - [Tachycardia caused by reciprocal rhythm between normal pathways and a rapid atrial-His pathway]. AB - Report of one unhabitual case of reciprocal rhythm with anterograde conduction through James' fibres and retrograde conduction through the normal nodal pathways. The reality of an anterograde nodal short-circuit is indicated by many arguments, and in particular by the presence of a double ventricular response, after induced atrial premature beats reaching the ventricle once by the rapid pathway and the second time by the slow pathway. PMID- 56926 TI - Metabolic products of microorganisms. 155. Modes of action of rinamycin and derinamycin. AB - Rinamycin interfered with DNA-polymerase I of Escherichia coli in cell-free systems more effectively than actinomycin C. Its inhibitory action could be relieved by increasing the concentration of polymerase. The rinamycin concentrations that caused effective inhibition of the RNA-polymerase reaction in vitro were approximately 10 times higher than those required to inhibit the DNA polymerase reaction in vitro. PMID- 56927 TI - [Experimental analysis of the interactions between heparin and a duodenal heparinoid]. AB - It is shown that positive synergism exists between the clarifying, hypocholesterolaemising, hypolipidaemising and fibrinolytic effects of heparin sodium and a duodenal heparinoid. The results of pharmacokinetic and chemicophysical investigations are also presented. PMID- 56928 TI - Structural and enzymatic characterization of viper C-type virus. AB - The structural polypeptides of purified viper range in molecular weight from 11,000 to 97,000 daltons and consist of 3 major and about 13 minor polypeptides. The virus contains both protein kinase and reverse transcriptase activities. Several of the structural polypeptides are phosphorylated in vitro by the virus associated protein kinase. However, most (possibly all) of the viral structural polypeptides are not phosphorylated in vivo. DeoxyATP is as efficient as ATP in donating phosphate for in vitro phosphorylation of viral proteins. In vitro protein phosphorylation always precedes transcription and the virus-associated protein kinase and reverse transcriptase activities can be partially separated by sedimentation in a sucrose gradient. PMID- 56929 TI - Chemically-induced temperature sensitive mutants of dengue virus type 2. I. Isolation and partial characterization. AB - Temperature sensitive (ts) mutants of dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2, TH-36 isolate) were induced by replication in primary hamster kidney cells treated with 5 azacytidine. Seven ts mutants were obtained from 138 clones isolated by an immunofluorescent cloning technique. Of these 7 ts mutants, 5 were sufficiently stable to permit partial characterization. Complementation was detected at very low but statistically significant levels between some ts mutants at 40 degrees C. Viral double-stranded RNA production was evaluated in LLC-MK2 cells at 30 degrees and 40 degrees C by micro-quantitative complement fixation. The results of complementation tests and RNA production tests indicated that the 4 of 5 stable ts mutants constitute 3 separate complementation groups (2 RNA+ and 1 RNA groups), while a fifth ts mutant was RNA- but non-complementable. The data presented here indicate that a genetic system can be developed without employing traditional plaque or cytopathology methods. Further, the 5 DEN-2 ts mutants are believed to represent the only set of complementation-positive flavivirus mutants so far isolated. PMID- 56930 TI - Absence of neuraminidase from influenza C virus. AB - Influenza C viruses did not possess neuraminidase activity when examined using either fetuin or sialyllactose as substrate. Purified preparations of influenza C virus inhibited hemagglutination by NWS hemagglutinin. The hemagglutination inhibiting activity was abolished by treatment of influenza C virus with neuraminidase. These findings indicated the absence of neuraminidase activity on influenza C virus particles. PMID- 56931 TI - [The picture and significance of alcholic hyalin (the Mallory body)]. AB - The structure and significance of Mallory bodies in alcholic chirrhoses of the liver were studied by means of histochemical and electron-microscopy methods. It is established that alcoholic hyaline is a protein-polysaccharide-lipid complex and on the ultrastructural level has a dual structure: fibrillar and electron dense lipid-like. Deposits of hyalyne is one of indications to the gravity of the liver structural disorders. PMID- 56932 TI - [A means of combining the histochemical and neurohistologic method for study of axo-muscular synapses]. AB - An indoxyl method for identification of esterase with the use of the classical method of argentation after Campos of nerve elements is described. As a result, the nerve trunks, adducting nerve fibres and terminal ramifications of the axon being impregnated with silver nitrate become brown-black, whereas the sites of distribution of axo-muscular synapses acquire bleu colouration. PMID- 56933 TI - [Functional diagnosis of the locomotion apparatus--shoulder-arm-pain and precordial pain]. PMID- 56934 TI - Glycoprotein catabolism in rat liver: Lysosomal digestion of iodinated asialo fetuin. AB - (125)I-labelled asialo-fetuin, administered intravenously, rapidly accumulates in rat liver and the radioactivity is subsequently cleared from the liver within 60min. Plasma radioactivity reaches a minimum between 10 and 15 min after injection and rises slightly during the period of liver clearance. Free iodide is the only radioactive compound found in plasma during this latter period. Fractionation of rat liver at 5 and 13min after injection of (125)I-labelled asialo-fetuin supports the hypothesis that asialo-glycoprotein is taken into liver by pinocytosis after binding to the plasma membrane and is then hydrolysed by lysosomal enzymes. At 5min, radioactivity was concentrated 23-fold in a membrane fraction similarly enriched in phosphodiesterase I, a plasma-membrane marker enzyme, whereas at 13min the radioactivity appeared to be localized within lysosomes. Separation of three liver fractions (heavy mitochondrial, light mitochondrial and microsomal) on sucrose gradients revealed the presence of two populations of radioactive particles. One population banded in a region coincident with a lysosomal marker enzyme. The other, more abundant, population of radioactive particles had a density of 1.13 and contained some phosphodiesterase, but very little lysosomal enzyme. These latter particles appear to be pinocytotic vesicles produced after uptake of the asialo-fetuin bound by the plasma membrane. Lysosomal extracts extensively hydrolyse asialo fetuin during incubation in vitro at pH4.7 and iodotyrosine is completely released from the iodinated glycoprotein. Protein digestion within lysosomes was demonstrated by incubating intact lysosomes containing (125)I-labelled asialo fetuin in iso-osmotic sucrose, pH7.2. The radioactive hydrolysis product, iodotyrosine, readily passed through the lysosomal membrane and was found in the external medium. These results are not sufficient to account for the presence of free iodide in plasma, but this was explained by the observation that iodotyrosines are deiodinated by microsomal enzymes in the presence of NADPH. PMID- 56935 TI - Large scale purification of alpha2-macroglobulin from human plasma. PMID- 56936 TI - Reconstitution of tetanus neurotoxin from two antigenically active polypeptide fragments. PMID- 56937 TI - Purification of anti-histone-H1 antibodies and their use in measuring histone determinants in chromatin by radioimmunoadsorbance. PMID- 56938 TI - Preparation and characterization of myosin copy DNA. PMID- 56939 TI - Serum and synovial fluid inhibitors of antibody-mediated lymphocytotoxicity in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Many sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) inhibit lymphocyte-dependent antibody cytotoxicity (LDAC). RA synovial fluids also inhibit LDAC. RA serum inhibition was present in high molecular weight and 5S serum fractions, whereas in SLE it was confined to 7S fractions. A correlation between rheumatoid factor activity and LDAC inhibition was noted, and there was some evidence for inhibition of SLE serum acting on effector cells. Inhibition in RA synovial fluid was found in both high molecular weight and very low molecular weight fractions (less than 4S.) PMID- 56940 TI - Lupus erythematosus in a patient with amyloidosis, adrenal insufficiency, and subsequent immunoblastic sarcoma: demonstration of the LE phenomenon in the lung. AB - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus of long duration developed secondary amyloidosis and finally died after the additional complication of malignant lymphoproliferative disease. Multiple system involvement, typical serologic findings, and postmortem evidence substantiated the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus. Amyloid deposition was found in several organs, but was notably extensive in the adrenal cortex. This extensive deposition resulted in adrenal insufficiency, which was diagnosed clinically and treated until the patient's death from lymphoma. The particular nature of the malignant lymphoma is emphasized; a distinctive feature was the disappearance of positive lupus erythematosus cells from the buffy coat and the reduction in titers of relevant serologic tests toward the end of the illness. In spite of this reduction, many hematoxylin bodies and abundant complete lupus erythematosus cells were found in the lungs on postmortem examination. PMID- 56941 TI - [An uncommon pseudo tumoral skin disease; the so-called Papillomatosis cutis carcinoides. A review (author's transl)]. AB - The review of the current literature on the subject is followed by the exposure of the clinical and histopathological data concerning a case of papillomatosis cutis carcinoides. The Authors conclude on the opportunity to maintain this nosographic pattern, to be enclosed among the cutaneous pseudo tumoral affections. PMID- 56942 TI - [A case of epidermodysplasia verruciformis with neoplastic degeneration and demonstration of viral particles in warts (author's transl)]. AB - A case of epidermodysplasia verruciformis, already described by Borelli in 1946, was presented. The electron microscopy showed viral intranuclear particles in the verrucous lesions. A Bowen-like tumor was found on the forehead. The connections are described between virus and tumor. PMID- 56943 TI - Two-dimensional immunolectrophoresis as a diagnostic tool for heavy chain disease. AB - 8 sera from patients with three types (gamma, alpha, mu) of heavy chain disease were tested by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis (Td. IEP) in order to assess the potential usefulness of such a technique as a routine diagnositc tool for heavy chain disease. Rocket immunoselection of the same sera was also performed by comparison. Characteristic, though not pathogomonic patterns were obtained by Td. IEP of the sera from patients with alpha chain disease. The main differential ciriteria by which heavy chain disease proteins could be differentiated from myeloma immunoglobulins were as follows: a) marked heterogeneity of the precipitin lines, ascribeable to the formation of polymers of different sizes; b) decreased sharpness, sometimes blurred delimitation, of the precipitin lines; c) frequent occurrence of spurs of the myeloma proteins over the deleted immunoglobulins in Kroll's tandeum variant, or between deleted immunoglobulins and small amounts of normal immunoglobulins present in the same serum. In our experience, rocket immunoselection does not show appreciable advantages as compared with Td. IEP. PMID- 56944 TI - The distribution of lens antigens in microsomal fractions of chick embryos liver. PMID- 56945 TI - 'Supernormal' phase in hemiblock conduction. AB - A case is described where the basic sinus rhythms is associated with an advanced degree of left anterior hemiblock. The rhythm is complicated by atrial extrasystoles, associated with a lesser degree of left anterior hemiblock. This paradox of 'supernormality' is explained on a critical interplay of differential refractoriness within the divisions of the left bundle-branch. PMID- 56946 TI - Anaesthesia for cardioversion: a comparison of diazepam, thiopentone and propanidid. AB - Three groups of 50 patients were anaesthetized with diazepam 0.32 mg/kg or thiopentone 3.7 mg/kg or propanidid 4.6 mg/kg for elective carfioversion. Propanidid caused more hypotension than diazepam or thiopentone. Apnoea was most frequent following thipentone and excitatory side-effects were most prominent following propanidid; the electric countershock worsened the excitatory phenomena. The success rate of conversion was higher in the diazepam group than in the other groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. Diazepam failed to produce amnesia in about 33% of the patients. Thiopentone is suitable and pleasant for cardioversion. Diazepam is recommended in poor-risk patients and in emergency situations. PMID- 56947 TI - A proposed role for alpha1 macroglobulin in the promotion of alpha1 acute-phase globulin synthesis by the perfused rat liver. AB - The effects of intravenously administered rat alpha1 macroglobulin (alpha1M), alone and in combination with pancreatic trypsin, on the synthesis of alpha1 acute-phase globulin (alpha1AP globulin) have been measured in the isolated perfused rat liver 24 h after injection. Maximum promotion (approximately five fold) of alph1AP globulin synthesis was observed after administration of alpha1M complexed with trypsin or alpha1M alone, which after purification had lost most of its trypsin-protein-esterase (T.P.E.) activity. Slightly lesser but still significant degrees of enhancement (approximately four-fold) of alpha1AP globulin synthesis resulted from the injection of alpha1M alone or complexed with trypsin, which after purification had retained sitnificant T.P.E. activity. All these responses were greater than those generated by injection of trypsin or plasma alone, or rabbit plasma complexed with trypsin. However, the synthetic response did not reach the maximum rate observed 24 h after an intramuscular injection or sterile turpentine. An hypothesis is proposed for the role of alpha1 macroglobulin (and its homologue in man, alpha2 macroglobulin) in the mediation of the acute-phase synthetic response by the liver. This predominantly intravascular glycoprotein serves as the principal circulatory porteinase binder. Proteinases released in response to tissue injury, necrosis or inflammation would be bound and inactivated by alpha1M, and in turn the alpha1M-proteinase complex would stimulate the liver to synthesize a number of acute-phase proteins. Certain of these, e.g. alpha2 acute-phase globulin also possess proteinase binding activity and, being of low molecular weight, would be more effective than alpha1M in the inactivation of released tissue enzymes at extravascualr sites. The data presented in this paper are compatible with this biphasic role for plasma proteinase inhibitors in the biological response to injury. PMID- 56948 TI - Detection of monocyte specific antigen on human acute leukaemia cells. AB - Heteroantisera with specificity for human monocyte and macrophage antigens (HuMa) have been tested for activity against peripheral blood cells from patients with acute leukaemia. Using indirect immunofluorescence, blast cells from 25/27 patients with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia were reactive with anti-HuMa antisera, whereas blasts from 19/20 patients with acute myeloblastic leukaemia and 13/13 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were not reactive. The F(ab1)2 fragment of the antibody retained specific activity. Activity of whole serum against myelomonocytic blast cells was specifically removed by absorption with macrophages. These observations indicate that circulating blast cells from patients with acute myelomonocytic leukaemia may carry differentiation antigens characteristic of monocytes and macrophages. PMID- 56949 TI - Dental complications of cytotoxic therapy in Hodgkin's disease--a case report. AB - A case of trigeminal zoster in a patient with disseminated Hodgkin's disease is described. Although one case of maxillary tooth loss in a comparable patient has previously been recorded, this is the first report of mandibular tooth loss. The aetiological significance of Beomycin and I-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-I nitrosourea (C.C.N.U.) is discussed and an hypothesis for post-zoster tooth exfoliation is suggested. PMID- 56950 TI - Ionophorous polymers. Interaction with polynucleotides and effects on RNA directed DNA polymerase activity. AB - Poly(vinylbenzo-18-crown-6), a water-soluble polymer endowed with ion-binding crown moieties as pendent groups, forms insoluble complexes with polyadenylate in the presence of K+; the corresponding monomeric benzo-18-crown-6, does not form a precipitate under the same conditions. In the presence of Na+ and Mn2+ which in aqueous solution complex weakly to crown compounds, no coprecipitation of the crown polymer and polyadenylate occurs; nevertheless, the crown polymer strongly binds to immobilized polyadenylate even under these conditions. The interactions of crown polymer with the poly-nucleotide result in a loss of templating ability of the latter. Using RNA-dependent DNA polymerase of murine leukemia virus it was found that (1) enzymatic action is efficiently inhibited even in the absence of ions which coprecipitate crown polymer and template, (2) inhibition is reversed by addition of excess polynucleotide and (3) monomeric crown does not inhibit the reaction. PMID- 56951 TI - Fusion of liposomes containing conductance probes with black lipid films. PMID- 56952 TI - A study of zinc distribution in human serum. AB - The partition of zinc in human serum between two major zinc-binding proteins, albumin and alpha2-macroglobulin, was studied in 28 control subjects and in 156 hospitalized patients. Albumin-bound zinc was both the major and the more dynamic of the serum zinc components. Over a wide range of values the concentrations of albumin-bound zinc and total serum zinc were highly correlated (r=0.91) with each other, as were concentrations of albumin and albumin-bound zinc (r=0.69). alpha2 Macroglobulin-bound zinc was not strongly correlated either with total serum zinc or with the serum concentration of alpha2-macroglobulin. Twenty-four hour urinary excretion of zinc was not correlated with any of the serum zinc parameters. To a large extent it appears that total serum zinc concentration reflects serum albumin concentration. PMID- 56953 TI - The peritubular tissue in the normal and pathological human testis. An ultrastructural study. PMID- 56954 TI - Studies on the rat epididymal blood vessels following alpha-chlorohydrin administration. PMID- 56955 TI - A comparison of the fluids from small and large ovarian follicles of the pig. PMID- 56956 TI - Current questions on the tumour-associated antigens of chemically-induced tumours. I. In search of their characterization. AB - The main methods for detecting the tumour associated antigens of chemically induced tumours, and the significance of the results given by these methods are briefly reviewed. The possibility of finding several sorts of tumour antigens is discussed more specifically. The origin of the antigenically unique (non crossing) antigens found in the chemically-induced tumours, as compared to the frequently cross-reacting antigens found in the virus-induced tumours, gives rise to speculation. The biological significance of these antigens is discussed. PMID- 56957 TI - [Ultramicromethod of determining antigens]. AB - A method of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ultramicrodetection, permitting to reveal up to 10(--8) mg of AFP with its concentration of 1--2.10(--6) mg/ml was suggested. The antigen ic concentrated in a capillary tube during the electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. The compressed zone moves into the gel plate, containing antiserum. Free diffusion of the antigen is followed by the formation of precipitation rings, whose area is in proportion to the amount of the antigen. The precipitins are revealed by the treatment with I125-labeled antibodies to gamma-globulin of the immune serum, with subsequent radioautography. PMID- 56958 TI - [Study of the reproduction conditions of the avian myeloblastosis virus for separation of the "reverse transcriptase" enzyme]. AB - Sensitivity of eight chick lines to the avian myeloblastosis virus as the main source for RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase recovery was studied in the course of the "revertase" project. The virus (0.1 ml) was inoculated intracardially or intraperitoneally to one-day chicks, and then the virus titer was determined according to the ATP-activity. C and D-lines of the Enya-cross were shown to be most sensitive (sensitivity 75%) among the lines studied. PMID- 56959 TI - [Distribution of alpha-fetoprotein and albumin in paraffin sections of cells of Zaidel's ascitic hepatoma]. AB - The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and albumin localization were studied in the cells of rat Zaidel's ascitic hepatoma. It was shown in the paraffine sections of the hepatoma cells fixed by mixture of 96 degrees ethanol with 1% glacial acetic acid that 9.3% of hepatoma cells contained AFP and 0.6% of the cells--serum albumin. Small quantities of the tumour cells had both of these proteins simultaneously. There was no definite regularity in the distribution of the AFP and albumin containing cells in the tumour islands. PMID- 56960 TI - [Immunoautoradiographic determination of beta-1 gamma globulin in the blood serum of patients with trophoblastic tumors]. AB - The authors determined beta1-G-globulin (beta1GG) in the sera of patients with different malignant tumours and of normal donors by means of the immunodiffusion method (ID) and immunoautoradiography (IAR). In the ID-negative sera beta1GG was revealed by means of IAR in 7 out of 8 patients with chorionepithelioma of the uterus and in 1 out of 7 patients with teratomblastoma of the testis before the treatment. After the treatment the beta1GG was determined in 7 out of 21 patients with chorionepithelioma of the uterus. At the early stage of trophoblastic tumours of the uterus beta1GG could be found in 77.7% of cases by means of IAR and in 16.8% of cases by means of the ID method. PMID- 56961 TI - Phagocytosis in human platelets: localization of acid phosphatase-positive phagosomes following latex uptake. AB - Incubation of human platelets in plasma containing a suspension of latex particles for 1-90 min resulted in progressive accumulation of particles in the open-channel system, followed by localization of latex in electron-opaque vacuoles. After 60 min, acid phosphatase was localized within latex-containing vacuoles. The periodate-alkaline-bismuth reaction intensely stained external membranes and membranes of the open-channel system. Membranes of latex-containing organelles were not stained. Latex phagocytosis was independent of both anticoagulant choice and aspirin effects. Our results indicate that the platelet can act as a true phagocyte, and we suggest that the phagocytic process is chronologically similar to that reported for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 56962 TI - [Preliminary studies on the argyrophilic cells of the human hypophysis]. AB - Appropriate technics such as Bodian's method prove the presence of very numerous argyrophilic cells in the human adenohypophysis in the enfant as well as in the adult. This population of argyrophilic cells is heterogenous, cytoimmunological tests demonstrate that a lot of them belong to the groups of gonadotropic cells. On the other hand, no argyrophilic cell stains positively with Falck's technic. The exposure of human lyophilised hypophysis to formaldehyd vapours reveals the existence of many fluorescent cells but comparisons prove certainly that these elements square only with the beta cells, in fact with the cells responsible for corticotropin secretion. PMID- 56963 TI - [Cytoimmunological detection of corticotropic and melanotropic cells in the human fetal adenohypophysis in early stages of development]. AB - The corticotropic and melanotropic cells of eight human adenohypophyses from eight to twelve weeks-old foetuses were identified with immunofluorescent and immunoenzymatic procedures. Anti-ACTH (1-24), anti-ACTH (17-39), anti-beta-LPH and anti-beta-MSH immunsera were electively fixed by the same cell type. These cortico-melanotropic cells, localized on the edge of glandular cords in contact with vascular mesenchym, both in the anterior and posterior walls of Rathke's pouch, were PAS-positive, cyanophilic, and plombic hematoxylin positive. PMID- 56964 TI - [Value of histospectrophotometry for the study of glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans, and anionic polyglycans after staining with pseudo isocyanine]. AB - Pseudo-isocyanine, a basic stain, shows a characteristic metachromasia when associated with biological polyanions. The maximal absorption peak is very narrow and its wavelength is specific for the substances tested, in vitro as well as in tissue sections. PMID- 56965 TI - [Chromosome aberrations induced by bleomycin in human lymphocytes in vitro]. AB - The authors tried to determine a dose-effect relation between the concentration of Bleomycin and the number of chromosomal aberrations "in vitro" in human lymphocytes during 48 h cultures. Concentrations of 1 gamma/ml, 2 gamma/ml, 10 gamma/ml and 20 gamma/ml were used. The number of normal cells seems to decrease according an exponential function; at a concentration of 20 gamma/ml, 15 p. 100 of the cells were apparently normal and this rises the problem of chemotherapeutic agent resistance. The number of one hit and two hit damages increases according to the dose of Bleomycine but it was not possible to determine a mathematic relation of the phenomenon. Like viruses and others chemicals, Bleomycin was responsible for "pulverisation" of chromosomes in several cells. PMID- 56966 TI - Release of the carcinogen benzo (a) pyrene from environmentally contaminated mussels. PMID- 56967 TI - The effect of Dursban upon fresh water phytoplankton. PMID- 56968 TI - [Summary of air pollutants levels at the National Autoexhaust Monitoring Station at three locations in Tokyo from January to December 1974 (author's transl)]. PMID- 56969 TI - Proceedings: A simple perfusion system for the study of histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. PMID- 56970 TI - Prenatal diagnosis - chemical methods. PMID- 56971 TI - e antigen in acute hepatitis B. AB - To examine the association between e antigen and hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBs Ag) we studied 90 inpatients with acute viral hepatitis type B. e Antigen was present in 24 of the patients; these patients had detectable levels of HBs Ag for significantly longer than the 66 with no e antigen in their serum. The HBs Ag subtypes D (adw) and Y (ayw) were similarly distributed among patients with e antigen and among those without, and no differences in the results of biochemical liver function tests were observed between the two groups during the acute phase of illness. Three of the five patients who developed clinical and histological signs of chronic liver disease were positive for e antigen, a finding which supports the hypothesis that e antigen has a prognostic value in hepatitis B. PMID- 56972 TI - Cromoglycate and other antiallergic drugs: a possible mechanism of action. PMID- 56973 TI - Letter: International units and standards in immunology. PMID- 56974 TI - Reappraisal of Gram-staining and cultural techniques for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea in women. AB - A retrospective study of 209 consecutive cases of gonorrhoea showed that more than 98 per cent. of cases were detected by two sets of examinations at weekly intervals. This was compared with earlier results obtained at this clinic when only 86 per cent. of cases were detected by two examinations. It is believed that modifications in culture techniques were responsible for the improvement and that two tests are now sufficient to screen for gonococcal infection in the majority of patients when an efficient microbiological service is available. Because of the high incidence of infection in contacts of men with gonorrhoea, a third test is recommended for the small number of such patients who have negative results of their first two tests. This also serves to monitor the efficiency of the culture techniques. The majority of women with gonorrhoea attended because they were believed to be contacts of men with the disease but many attended of their own accord because they had symptoms. Mild symptoms were described by as many as 53-5 per cent. of all infected women. Nine cases of gonorrhoea were detected during the follow-up period. Three of the four cases which were thought to be due to treatment failure were detected at the first test, in contrast to the cases which were thought to be due to re-infection, the majority of which were diagnosed at subsequent tests. Constant surveillance of the accuracy of the diagnostic methods used in the detection of gonorrhoea in women is of great importance if errors are to be reduced to a minimum. PMID- 56975 TI - Retrograde axonal transport of antibody to dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. PMID- 56976 TI - Axonal transport in the efferent pathways of the hippocampus: labeling of projection areas after (3H)valine injections. AB - [3H]Valine was injected into the medial and lateral CAI of the dorsal hippocampus and the radioactivity accumulated in areas of some of its efferent projections was measured by scintillation counting. The labeling of the septum, thalamus, hypothalamus, corpus mammillare, preoptic area and basal telencephalon significantly exceeded the corresponding background activities. Fimbria transection before [3H]valine injection reduced the labeling of these areas to background levels. Differences were observed between medial and more lateral CAI injection sites in the distribution of 3H label among projection areas. The dynamics of axonal transport were studied in 4 of these projection areas: septum, thalamus, hypothalamus and corpus mammillare. A rapidly moving wave of radioactivity began to arrive in all areas 1--3 h after injection. The rate was roughly estimated to be around 100 mm/day in the fibers projecting to the corpus mammillare after injections into the medial CAI. When the brain areas were fractionated into crude nuclear, mitochondrial-synaptosomal and microsomal fractions, projection areas were found to contain more label per milligram of protein in the mitochondrial-synaptosomal fraction than control areas. PMID- 56977 TI - Golgi staining of material containing cobalt-filled profiles in the insect CNS. PMID- 56978 TI - Editorial: Home testing of fitness of Canadians. PMID- 56979 TI - Development of the Canadian Home Fitness Test. AB - The Canadian Home Fitness Test is a self-administered procedure in which the participant steps at an age- and sex-specific rhythm controlled by recorded music, then palpates the pulse immediately following activity. Validation of the test has shown a correlation of 0.72 with the results of a standard submaximum bicycle ergometer test, while the directly measured maximum oxygen intake is correlated even more closely (r = 0.88) with the attained stepping rate, body weight and recovery heart rate. Given modest training, subjects could measure their immediate postexercise heart rate (correlation with electro-cardiographic data, r = 0.94), although 10-second counts underestimated the true rate by an average of 7 beats/min. The safety of the test will be established ultimately by experience in its use in a large population; nevertheless, both theoretical considerations and results of trials in over 14 000 adults suggest the procedure can be self-administered without serious consequences. It is also well accepted by the general public and arouses considerable interest in most homes. The test can thus be recommended as providing an approximate measure of an individual's physical fitness in order to stimulate an increase in personal physical activity. It also has potential as a simple screening procedure that would allow paramedical personnel to record fitness levels and standardized exercise electrocardiograms in large segments of the population. PMID- 56980 TI - BACON (bleomycin, adriamycin, CCNU, oncovin and nitrogen mustard) in squamous lung cancer. Experience in fifty patients. AB - Fifty patients with inoperable squamous carcinoma of the lung. 38 with extensive, and 12 with limited disease, were treated with BACON. Tumor regression greater than 50% was observed in 17 patients (45%) with extensive, and four patients (33%) with limited disease. Stabilization of disease for greater than or equal to 8 weeks was seen in four extensive and eight limited patients, and had the same prognostic importance with regard to survival as response: in extensive disease, responding and stable patients had median survival (MST) of 26 weeks from start of therapy, while MST for non-responders was 9 weeks. MST in limited disease (all patients responding or stable) was 32 weeks. Analysis of survival in extensive disease by performance status showed improvement in each category over historical control results for supportive care alone. BACON was better tolerated and probably more effective when CCNU was given every 8 weeks, rather than every 4 weeks. PMID- 56981 TI - Intracytoplasmic hyaline globules in hepatocellular carconomas. AB - Intracytoplasmic hyaline globules (IHG) were found in 16 out of 105 hepatocellular carcinomas (15.2%). In all cases, there was a male preponderance, most of the patients were Black, and the mean age was in the fifth decade. IHG were mostly noted in the better-differentiated tumors. Bile production was present in 12% of all tumors. Over 80% of tumors with globules showed necrosis as compared with 40% of the tumors without globules. Cirrhosis was present in almost half the cases, with liver cell dysplasia in 15%. These globules are possibly alpha-fetoprotein. Some of them may be giant lysosomes. Their role in carcinogenesis and prognosis is uncertain. PMID- 56982 TI - Mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. VI. Epithelioid smooth muscle tumors including leiomyoblastoma and clear-cell leiomyoma: a clinical and pathologic analysis of 26 cases. AB - Twenty-six cases of atypical smooth muscle tumors of the uterus, including leiomyoblastoma, epithelioid leiomyoma, clear-cell leiomyoma, and plexiform tumorlet, are presented. The characteristic microscopic feature serving as the basis for inclusion in this study is the rounded to polygonal shape of the majority of cells instead of the elongated blunt-ended shape of smooth muscle cells seen in the typical leiomyoma. Mixtures of epithelioid, clear-cell, and plexiform patterns occurred with sufficient frequency to indicate that such patterns are variants of a single entity. A transition to typical smooth muscle cells was found in most instances, confirming the smooth muscle origin of these tumors. Features related to a favorable prognosis include the presence of clear cells, an expansile tumor margin, extensive hyalinization, and absence of extensive necrosis as seen microscopically. Until additional evidence has been accumulated it is proposed that neoplasms having five or more mitotic figures per ten high-power fields (HPF) be tentatively termed epithelioid leiomyosarcoma or leiomyosarcoma with epithelioid features and those with less than five mitotic figures per ten HPF, epithelioid leiomyoma. PMID- 56983 TI - Solitary cecal plasmacytoma: electron microscopic, immunologic, and cytochemical studies. AB - A case of solitary cecal plasmacytoma is described with strong evidence of IgGk paraprotein production demonstrated by immunofluorescence and electromicroscopy. This is the ninth case of colonic plasmacytoma reported in the English literature and the first to show positive immunofluorescence. PMID- 56984 TI - Ultrastructural studies of human prostatic neoplasia. AB - Forty-two specimens of human prostatic neoplasia (32 carcinomas, eight benign hyperplasia, two bladder tumors infiltrating prostatic tissue, and 15 tissue cultures derived from prostatic neoplasia) were examined by electron microscopy. Intracisternal viruslike particles, 150-200 nm in diameter and budding, were found in epithelial cells of four carcinomas. In some of these particles, an electron-dense central core or two concentric layers were discernible. In addition, particles resembling type C virus particles, 90-130 nm in diameter, were observed in intracytoplasmic vacuoles in five cases of carcinomas and in one case of benign prostate hyperplasia. Thus, viruslike particles were found in 9 of 32 cases of prostate carcinoma and in one of eight cases of benign prostate hyperplasia. Virus particles have, so far, not been found in any of the tissue culture specimens. Further studies are required to determine the nature of these particles and their relationship to the origin of human prostatic neoplasia. Additional observations in both benign hyperplasia and carcinoma include intranuclear mitochondria, multilayered nuclear inclusions, bundles of intranuclear fibrils, intracytoplasmic tubules, extracellular tubulo-filamentous structures, and cilia.ltilayered nuclear inclusions, bundles of ilo-filamentous structures, and cilia. PMID- 56985 TI - A malignant tumor of the vagina resembling synovial sarcoma: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - A malignant tumor arising in the upper lateral vaginal mucosa in a 24-year-old white woman, hitherto undescribed in the literature, was studied by light and electron microscopy. The main part of the tumor was epithelioid, forming a tubular or acinar pattern. At the periphery, the tumor cells were more spindly and formed sheets resembling fibrosarcoma. The tumor cells contained occasional material positive for mucicarmine, alcian blue, and PAS stains, and the nests of the cells forming acini were surrounded by reticulin fibers. The tumor ultrastructure consisted of a single type of cell with large cytoplasmic vacuoles and occasional perinuclear intracytoplasmic filaments. Slender long microvilli projecting into the lumina were also characteristic. Basal laminae were occasionally present around the acini. The findings suggested that the tumor was of mesenchymal origin, closely related to synovial sarcoma. PMID- 56986 TI - Primary intracranial yolk sac tumor: immunofluorescent demonstration of alpha fetoprotein synthesis. AB - An autopsy case of 20-year-old male with primary intracranial yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor) is reported. Whereas the biopsy specimen obtained from the pineal region showed diffuse proliferation of atypical tumor cells, the metastatic subdural tumor removed from lumbar spinal region had the characteristic histologic appearance of yolk sac tumor. The histologic diagnosis was intracranial yolk sac tumor originating in the pineal gland. The elevated amount of alpha-fetoprotein in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the serum further supported the diagnosis. At autopsy, only metastatic tumor was present in the posterior fossa. The immunofluorescence study demonstrated the presence of intra- and extracellular alpha-fetoprotein globules in the tumor tissue. The intra- and extracellular distribution of alpha-fetoprotein, in general, appeared to coincide with that of the PAS-positive hyaline globules in the tumor. PMID- 56987 TI - Enhanced pulmonary toxicity with bleomycin and radiotherapy in oat cell lung cancer. AB - In a recently completed study, combination chemotherapy consisting of bleomycin, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine was given to 29 patients with oat cell lung cancer. There were no cases of pulmonary fibrosis in these 29 patients. Although several of these patients had prior radiotherapy, none had concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This same four-drug chemotherapy regimen was combined with concomitant radiotherapy in 13 patients with oat cell lung cancer. There were three cases of fatal pulmonary fibrosis and two other cases of clinically significant pulmonary fibrosis. All five cases of pulmonary fibrosis occurred several weeks after completion of a six-week course of bleomycin (total dosage 90 units). It is concluded that bleomycin cannot be safely administered while patients are receiving radiotherapy to the lung. PMID- 56988 TI - Phase I study of 5-azacytidine (NSC-102816) using 24-hour continuous infusion for 5 days. AB - The biologic and antitumor activity of 5-azacytidine has been well demonstrated in the past. The drug at present is thought to be primarily cell cycle phase specific. This study was designed to eliminate undesirable side effects (mainly nausea and vomiting) occurring with a bolus dose and to confirm the recent findings of the relative stability of 5-azacytidine's solution with preserved biologic and antitumor activity. In the study we determined that a dose of 150 mg/m2/day given as a 120-hour continuous iv infusion and repeated at 28-day intervals produced safe, manageable, and reproducible toxicity. The drug was freshly prepared at 4-hour intervals. Eleven courses were administered to seven patients at this dose level and no patient experienced nausea or vomiting. Leukopenia was the major toxic effect. Antitumor activity was shown in one patient with colon cancer and another with American Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 56989 TI - Bleomycin (NSC-125066) and CCNU (NSC-79037) in the combination chemotherapy of mopp-resistant hodgkin's disease. AB - Twenty-two patients with MOPP-resistant stage IVB Hodgkin's disease were treated with a combination of bleomycin and CCNU. The response rate in 18 patients surviving at least 1 month was 72% with 11 partial and two complete responses. The mean duration of response and survival in partial responders were 12.2 and 17.5 months respectively. The two complete responses resulted in survivals of 20 and 36 + months. Bleomycin toxicity contributed to two deaths, one pulmonary and and one hypotensive. Severe CCNU toxicity occurred after three of 82 administrations but there were no CCNU-related deaths. The majority of patients in the study tolerated the regimen without serious toxicity. Although highly effective in the temporary control of advanced resistant Hodgkin's disease, the program will hopefully be improved by the addition of longer-acting agents. PMID- 56990 TI - Removal of inhibitors against RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity in human milk. AB - Milk from a number of species (e.g., man, mouse, rat, dog, and cow) contains inhibitors of the RNA-directed DNA polymerase. When attempts are made to isolate virions from the milk, part of the inhibitors follow the virions in the purification. The amount of inhibitors varies in different milk samples. These inhibitors can probably account for the large discrepancies reported in studies of the presence of oncornaviruses in human milk. Phosphatases bound to subcellular particles or fragments seem to be the most important inhibitors in the milk interfering with the RNA-directed DNA polymerase assay. It is shown that the inhibitory enzymes can be completely removed by sedimentation of the milk through a Metrizamide gradient. PMID- 56991 TI - Production of antisera with specificity for malignant melanoma and human fetal skin. AB - Complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies to common cell surface antigens of cultured melanoma cells were produced in guinea pigs. At appropriate dilution, melanoma antisera were cytotoxic only to melanoma target cells. Following absorption with pooled lymphoid cells, additional absorption with melanoma cells but not absorption with fibroblasts or carcinoma cells was found to remove all cytotoxic activity from melanoma antisera. Absorption with human fetal skin cells but not with autologous fetal visceral cells was found to remove cytotoxicity from melanoma antisera. Tissue type-specific antigens may be shared by human malignant melanomas and fetal skin of black racial origin (at 16 to 18 weeks of gestation). The methods may be useful in the production of xenogeneic antisera with "operational monospecificity" for common melanoma-specific antigens. Sera from 47 patients with malignant melanoma failed to evidence specific cytotoxicity for melanoma target cells. PMID- 56992 TI - Effect of anti-alpha1-fetoprotein on alpha1-fetoprotein-producing rat tumors in vivo and in vitro. AB - Active or passive immunization of rats to alpha1-fetoprotein (AFP) does not consistently inhibit the growth of AFP-producing transplantable hepatomas in vivo, and anti-AFP does not kill these hepatomas in vitro. However, 3 of 14 rats in 1 experiment responded to passive immunization by reversal of tumor growth as evidenced by normalization of elevated AFP serum concentrations, and 1 of 9 rats actively immunized with rat AFP in complete Freund's adjuvant had suppressed growth of transplantable hepatoma 7777. PMID- 56993 TI - Isolation and characterization of an antigen of the bovine C-type virus. AB - By means of gel filtration and isoelectric focusing, an antigen of the bovine C type leukemia virus was isolated in a highly purified form from extracts of infected cells. The antigen has a molecular weight of approximately 25,000 daltons and an isoelectric point of 6.4 to 6.6. In immunodiffusion experiments, the antigen forms a line of identity with an antigen extracted from highly purified bovine C-type leukemia virus by treatment with ether or Triton X-100. As determined by immunodiffusion analyses, the bovine C-type leukemia virus antigen does not have antigenic determinants in common with the murine or feline leukemia viruses, the foamy-like bovine syncytia virus, or the Mason Pfizer monkey virus. PMID- 56994 TI - Ultrastructural study of pulmonary bleomycin toxicity. AB - Ultrastructural manifestations of bleomycin A2 toxicity in the human lung were studied in three patients. In addition to the appearance of nucleolar fibrillar centers, an increase in membranous, beaded, and granular nuclear bodies was found in nuclei of type 1, type 2 alveolar epithelial cells, and interstitial fibroblasts in all treated patients. Few such nuclear bodies were found in specimens of untreated patients. PMID- 56995 TI - Effects of Poly(1-vinyluracil) and Poly(9-vinyladenine) on viral RNA-directed DNA polymerase. AB - The effects of poly(1-vinyluracil) [poly(vU)] and poly(9-vinyladenine) [poly(vA)] on the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of murine leukemia virus (Moloney strain) were studied. Vinyl polymers themselves cannot act as templates for the polymerase. However, if a vinyl polymer is added to a polymerase reaction mixture in which a complementary polynucleotide serves as the template, the reaction is inhibited: thus with polyribocytidylic acid as template and oligodeoxyguanylic acid as primer, neither poly(vU) nor poly(vA) had a significant effect; when polyribouridylic acid was used as template and oligodeoxyadenylic acid as primer, poly(vA) inhibited polymerase activity while poly(vU) had little effect; when polyriboadenylic acid was a template and oligodeoxy thymidylic acid was a primer, poly(vU) was an inhibitor. Complex effects were noted with the latter system and poly(vA); either stimulation or inhibition of the reaction was observed, depending on the concentration of poly(vA). The stimulation brings about a decrease in the amount of lower-molecular-weight materials in the product and is caused by the interaction of poly(vA) with the template-primer. Thus vinyl polymers differ from polynucleotides in their mechanism of inhibition of viral polymerase, since the latter inhibit the enzyme by binding to it. PMID- 56996 TI - In vitro synthesis of immunoglobulins and other proteins by dysplastic and neoplastic human mammary tissues. AB - The synthesis of several proteins in human mammary carcinomas and in dysplastic breast tissues was studied by tissue culture and by immunofluorescence. The synthesis of immunoglobulins showed marked quantitative and qualitative variations from one specimen to another, and a preferential synthesis of immunoglobulin G and C'3 in the carcinomas with lymphocytic infiltration. Fixation of immunoglobulins G and M on the surface of neoplastic cells was noted in some carcinomas. Secretory component was detectable in some cases by immunofluorescence, but no synthesis could be found in vitro, presumably because of unfavorable culture conditions. The synthesis of lactoferrin, casein, and some serum alpha- and beta-globulins was significantly greater in noncancerous tissues than in carcinomas. Synthesis of lactoferrin was also more frequent in the well differentiated carcinomas than in the poorly differentiated carcinomas. The tissue culture technique used in this study, although in need of better adaptation to the requirements in vitro of human mammary tissues, proved to be a useful tool for investigating the synthesis of several protein components by the epithelial cells of cancerous and dysplastic tissues of the human breast. Whether a preferential synthesis of 1 class of immunoglobulins or of other proteins might influence the evolution of a mammary lesion could not be determined in this material but it should be studied further. PMID- 56997 TI - Effect of bleomycin on [3H]Thymidine 5'-Triphosphate incorporation into host liver and hepatoma nuclei. AB - The effect of bleomycin on [3H]thymidine 5'-triphosphate ([3H]TTP) incorporation into isolated sucrose nuclei from host liver and Morris hepatomas has been compared. Bleomycin stimulates [3H]TTP incorporation 13-fold in host liver and hepatoma 16 nuclei, 8-fold in hepatoma 7800 nuclei, and 3-fold in hepatoma 7777 nuclei. Differences in the nuclear membranes are not responsible for the different response of the nuclei. Nuclei, denuded of their membranes by Triton X 100 treatment, give similar results to sucrose nuclei. Analysis of DNA extracted from liver or hepatoma nuclei incubated with bleomycin indicates that bleomycin produces scissions in the nuclear DNA and that some repair synthesis takes place. Incubation of nuclei with 111indium-labeled bleomycin shows an equal binding capacity of liver and hepatoma nuclei for bleomycin. Bleomycin also stimulates incorporation of [3H]TTP in a system using chromatin or calf thymus DNA as primer. Host liver or hepatoma chromatin incubated with a DNA polymerase extracted from normal rat liver nuclei is stimulated approximately to the same extent by bleomycin. When DNA polymerase extracts from host liver and hepatoma nuclei are assayed with calf thymus DNA as primer, bleomycin has a greater stimulatory effect on [3H]TTP incorporation with host liver DNA polymerase than with hepatoma DNA polymerase in the system. We suggest that a defect in the repair system in hepatoma nuclei is responsible for the relatively lower response to bleomycin. PMID- 56998 TI - Specific enhancement of tumor growth and depression of cell-mediated immunity following sensitization to soluble tumor antigens. AB - W/Fu rats inoculated s.c. with less than or equal to 5 x 10(7) syngeneic (C58NT)D (Gross virus-positive) lymphoma tumor cells normally develop a palpable tumor which reaches its maximum size (12 to 14 mm) at 6 to 8 days and is subsequently rejected by 10 to 12 days. However, rats previously sensitized with soluble tumor antigens from (C58NT)D cells prior to (C58NT)D tumor inoculation demonstrate a significant enhancement of tumor growth (the tumor reaches up to 26 mm and is rejected by 16 to 18 days). This enhancement persisted in antigen-treated rats that continued to receive soluble antigen after tumor inoculation. The in vivo enhancement coincided with a significant in vitro depression of cell-mediated cytotoxicity [assessed with 51Cr-labeled (C58NT)D target cells and peripheral blood leukocytes]. The observed tumor enhancement was specific, inasmuch as presensitization to either soluble tumor antigens from WR6 (Gross virus-negative) tumor, syngeneic to W/Fu rats, or to soluble antigen from W/Fu spleen cells had no enhancing effect on (C58NT)D tumor growth. Interestingly, sensitization to soluble tumor antigen alone did not elicit detectable cell-mediated immunity, cytotoxic antibody, or serum-blocking activity to the (C58NT)D tumor. We conclude that sensitization to soluble tumor antigens specifically impairs the immune apparatus normally acting in tumor rejection. This impairment appears to act primarily at the induction phase of the immune response. PMID- 56999 TI - Radioimmunoassay of bleomycin. AB - A radioimmunoassay for bleomycin has been produced using 125l-labeled bleomycin and antisera raised in rabbits against a carbodiimide-catalyzed bleomycin-bovine serum albumin conjugate. 125l-Labeled bleomycin was synthesized by direct iodination of the drug using the chloramine-T technique. The standard curve of the assay was linear on a logit-log plot and the lower limit of sensitivity was 250 pg bleomycin sulfate. A mean recovery of 102.6% (+/- 3.3% S.E.) was obtained using bleomycin added to normal sera. No significant decrease in bleomycin immunoreactivity was observed following 24 hr incubation of the drug in serum at 37 degrees. The radioimmunoassay was also suitable for measuring bleomycin in the presence of other drugs since the assay was not significantly affected by the other antineoplastic agents tested. The sensitivity and specificity of the radioimmunoassay for bleomycin should provide a new means for pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies of bleomycin. PMID- 57001 TI - Dose fractionation does not prevent repair of potentially lethal damage induced by bleomycin (NSC-125066) in vivo. PMID- 57000 TI - The disposition and pharmacokinetics in humans of 5-azacytidine administered intravenously as a bolus or by continuous infusion. AB - The disposition of 5-[4-14C]azacytidine, administered i.v. as a bolus or continuous infusion, was studied in cancer patients. After bolus, plasma 14C levels exhibited as multiphasic disappearance pattern; half-life (t1/2, beta phase) = 3.4 to 6.2 hr. Of 14C in plasma, less than 2% was associated with 5-[4 14C]azacytidine 30 min after dose. The ratios of 14C levels were: red cells/plasma, approximately 0.8; leukocytes/plasma, 1.1 to 2.3; nucleic acids/leukocytes, 0.2 to 0.43; sputum/plasma, 0.05 to 0.17. Urinary excretion (3 days) accounted for 73 to 98% of 14C, LEss than 1% in feces. The relative concentration of 5-azacytidine in plasma with continuous infusion stayed higher than with bolus; urinary excretion was similar. Fewer side effects were observed with continuous infusion than with bolus. The stability of 5-azacytidine was determined in various media at several temperatures by thin layer chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. At 20 degrees in Ringer's lactate (pH 6.2), the t1/2 was 94 to 100 hr. Stability increased with lowering of temperature and pH. From our data we conclude that 5-azacytidine should be given by continuous infusion rather than as a bolus. PMID- 57002 TI - [Cytochemistry reactions for the demonstration of myeloperoxidase. Their relation to sudanophilia and stainability of hemoglobin]. PMID- 57003 TI - Some effects of bleomycin on the proliferation, maturation time and protein synthesis of hairless mouse epidermis. AB - Hairless mice were given 2 mg Bleomycin i.p. in 1-0 ml saline on two successive days. By a stathmokinetic method, by micro-flow fluorometry and by autoradiography certain kinetic parameters were measured during 10 days after the last injection. Cell counts were made and the turnover time of the differentiating cells estimated. Protein synthesis was estimated by the uptake of radioactive histidine, and dry cell mass measured by weighing. Bleomycin affected cell proliferation in the epidermis by depressing biphasically both the number of cells in, and the passage of cells through, the cell cycle phases: S, G2 and M, most probably by directly affecting late G1 cells and cells in mitosis. The time between the two minima of depressed DNA synthesis corresponded to the mean generation time of the basal cells. Histidine uptake and dry cell mass were slightly affected, but the turnover time of the differentiating cells was prolonged. Bleomycin thus had a strong long-lasting inhibitory effect on epidermal cell proliferation and a marked inhibitory effect on epidermal cell maturation in mice. PMID- 57004 TI - Differences between virgin and memory IgM-antibody-forming-cell precursor B cells, and correlations with the heterogeneity present in B-cell populations from unimmunized mice. PMID- 57005 TI - Leukocyte-migration inhibition in guinea pigs. I. Correlation with skin test reactivity and macrophage-migration inhibition. PMID- 57006 TI - Numbers of rosette formine cells in human peripheral blood. PMID- 57007 TI - Stimulated DNA synthesis in livers and kidneys induced to proliferate associated with unchanged thymidine and thymidylate kinase activities. AB - Enhanced mitotic activity and stimulated DNA synthesis associated with unchanged activity of thymidine and thymidylate kinases were observed in mouse kidneys induced to proliferate by intracardiac injection of lead acetate, and in rat livers following repeated administration of 5-azacytidine. On the other hand, the enhanced thymidine kinase activity evoked by L-tryptophan given by intubation at later stages of liver regeneration was paralleled by the enhanced incorporation of thymidine into DNA only to a very small degree. PMID- 57008 TI - Electrophoresis after homologous spleen transplantation in dogs. PMID- 57009 TI - [Sensitivity of 628 isolated mycobacteria to the antibacterial agents used in ambulatory treatment in the Senegal]. PMID- 57010 TI - [Subcutaneous mycotic cysts in Madagascar (Histological aspects. Diagnostic value of the Gomori-Grocott stain. Associations with pheo-sporotrichosis)]. AB - The authors report three cases of mycosic subcutaneous cysts and study the problem of the phaeo-sporotrichosis, a cystic lesion due to dematies brown fungi which are often introduced under the skin by a sting. Because of the absence of brown pigmentation of the fungi present in the three cases reported, the authors propose to group these various cysts under the name of "syndrome of the mycosic cysts" a part of which only being constituted by the phaeosporo trichosis. They emphasize the importance to draw surgeons' attention on such lesions, a priori clinically banal, and pathologists' attention on Gomori-Grocott staining in tropical countries. PMID- 57011 TI - ["Trypanosoma brucei gambiense", antigenic study. III. Hemagglutination reaction with specific antigenic fractions]. AB - The tannic acid hemagglutination method was applied to experimentally infected rodents sera. The antigens were Trypanosoma gambiense fractions separated by gel filtration on Sephadex G 200. Two fractions, at least, showed specific activity. PMID- 57012 TI - Trends in the assessment of early childhood development. PMID- 57013 TI - Intervention in a day nursery. PMID- 57014 TI - Further investigations on the affinity chromatography of unlabeled and labeled cortisol-binding immunoglobulin. AB - A specific method for the isolation of cortisol-binding immunoglobulin from rabbit antiserum by affinity chromatography on sepharose-coupled haptene (sepharose-cortisol) is described. This isolation technique has the advantage that no nonspecific gamma-globulin is present in the eluate of the column; previous absorption of anti-BSA-globulin can be omitted. The nature of the isolated immunoglobulin is determined by immuno-electrophoresis. The same isolation procedure can be used for the purification of radioactive antibody for radioimmunometric assay after labeling the immunoglobulin with iodine-125. PMID- 57015 TI - beta 2-microglogulin levels in cancerous and other disease states. AB - Serum beta2-microglobulin levels were measured, by radioimmunoassay, in patients suffering from a variety of benign and malignant clinical disorders. Elevated beta 2-microglobulin values were found in neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders affecting a variety of organs. The most striking increases in beta 2 microglobulin are found in the plasma cell dyscrazias and several solid tumors, particularly those affecting the lung. Lymphoid neoplasms demonstrate a spectrum of changes of serum beta 2-microglobulin. At the one end of this spectrum were the plasma cell tumors, which show a high incidence of raised beta 2 microglobulin levels, while patients with Hodgkin's disease rarely show such increases in circulating beta 2-microglobulin. PMID- 57016 TI - Radioimmunoassay specificity and the "first-come, first-served effect". PMID- 57017 TI - Reference interval for maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein. AB - Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentration was measured in 237 samples taken throughout the pregnancies of 28 normal pregnant women who all gave birth to normal infants. The patterns from these 28 individuals curves were compared graphically with an earlier published non-parametric 90% reference interval based upon single serum samples from other normal, pregnant women. The two "reference areas" were found to be quite similar. Maternal serum AFP values before and after induced abortion in a case of acrania and spina bifida demonstrated the value of serial maternal serum AFP quantitations in cases of suspected neural tube defects (NTD). PMID- 57018 TI - Comparison of alphafetoprotein and beta-trace protein in the antenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and spina bifida. AB - Alphafetoprotein (AFP) and beta-trace protein (BTP) concentrations have been measured in amniotic fluids taken from 19 pregnancies where the outcome was an infant with a neural tube defect and from 19 matched controls. There was no significant difference in the mean BTP values for the pathological samples when compared with the controls, and there were no striking differences in the values within individual matched pairs. On the other hand, the mean AFP concentration in the abnormal amniotic fluids was approximately 15 times the mean value found in the controls. Differences within individual pairs were particularly noticeable early in pregnancy. It is concluded that BTP is of no use for the early antenatal diagnosis of anencephaly and spina bifida. PMID- 57019 TI - Surface immunoglobulins of lymphocytes in mouse plasmacytoma. IV. Evidence for the persistence of the effect of plasmacytoma-RNA on the surface immunoglobulins of normal lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro. AB - The previous findings were confirmed that RNA extracted from murine plasmacytoma alters the character of the lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins (SIg) to express the idiotypic specificity of the Ig of the plasmacytoma from which the RNA was derived (cell conversion). RNA extracted from spleens of plasmacytoma-RNA injected BALB/c mice also had convering activity, and if injected into other mice, caused the appearance of RNA active in cell conversion in spleens of the second set of mice. This activity was lost only after two additional transfers. When splenic cells from animals 1 hr after injection with RNA extracted from MOPC 300, LPC-1 or MOPC 104E, were cultured for 7 days, the proportion of cells with the SIg specific for these tumours increased. The cell-converting activity of the RNA extracted from the cultured cells after 7 days incubation ('7-day' RNA) was higher than that of RNA extracted from cells after 1 hr incubation ('immediate' RNA). 'Seven-day' RNA could be used for sequential transfers without marked loss of activity in cell conversion for at least five transfers. The repetitive transferability of this phenomenon by the injection of plasmacytoma-RNA suggests the possibility of RNA replication in the recipient cells. PMID- 57020 TI - Monoclonal lymphoid cell surface immunoglobulins with tumor-specific determinants in lymphosarcoma. PMID- 57021 TI - Association of macrophage-activation factor from a human cultured lymphoid cell line with albumin and alpha2-macroglobulin. PMID- 57022 TI - Human glomerulonephritis and the C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF). PMID- 57023 TI - [New antispastic-antibiotic combination in the management of diarrhea]. PMID- 57024 TI - Seasonal changes in plasma proteins and lipids in the belding ground squirrel (Spermophilus beldingi beldingi). PMID- 57025 TI - Antiarrhythmic effect of Mercurascan in patients after surgical treatment of ischaemic heart disease. AB - Premature ventricular contractions are relatively often encountered in patients after surgical treatment of ischaemic heart disease. Mercurascan (MSC), given at 0.05 mg/kg of body weight, favourably affected both the incidence and duration of arrhythmia. Unlike other antiarrhythmics, MSC did not affect the heart rate nor blood pressure. Postoperative treatment of ventricular arrhythmia with MSC is a promising procedure and merits further clinical and experimental investigation. PMID- 57026 TI - A review of the microbiological techniques for the isolation and identification of streptococci. PMID- 57027 TI - Stereology of cellular reaction patterns. PMID- 57028 TI - Centromeric and telomeric staining regions in the chromosomes of cattle (Bos taurus). AB - Two new types of staining regions exist aftet treatment with a modified version of the ammoniacal-silver technique (Howell et al., 1975), in addition to findings by many other researchers working on the chromosomal complement of Bos taurus. Densely stained regions appear to be associated with the centromeres of many of the 29 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes, but there are also 4-6 of the same acrocentric chromosomes bearing telomeric staining regions (TSRs) at the ends of their long arms. In many metaphases examined, actual physical connectives were observed between both types of these ammoniacal-silver staining regions. PMID- 57029 TI - [105 prostatic adenectomies with continuous transvesical aspiration using the Saratoga sound]. PMID- 57031 TI - [Letter: Preoperative plummering]. PMID- 57030 TI - Speculations on the relevance of developmental psychology to paediatrics. AB - Many paediatricians are now interested in applying the concepts, theories and methods of developmental psychology to clinical practice. The new understanding so obtained should enable abnormalities of clinical importance to be detected earlier; it should also provide means for evaluating the outcome of some disease processes and medical procedures more fully than was hitherto possible. The genesis of the nurturing failure or deficiency which underlies many paediatric problems becomes explicable as the nature of the maternal bond is unravelled. New ways may thus be opened for the more effective prevention and treatment of child abuse, neglect and deprivation. Developmental psychology also promises to provide for the first time a framework on which child-rearing methods which will positively promote healthy psychological development can be based. However, some caution and critical interpretation, as well as much collaborative investigation, will be needed before the full relevance of developmental psychology to paediatrics is established with certainty. PMID- 57032 TI - [Posttransfusion hepatitis and gammaglobulin prevention]. PMID- 57033 TI - Relationship between background activity and subclinical seizure pattern. AB - Open- and closed-eyed EEG records were made in frontal, temporal and occipital regions, in order to examine the time relationships between various of their characteristics, in connection with the appearance of subclinical seizure patterns. 1. In the range of alpha frequency, both with open and closed eyes, the standard deviation of frequency over all brain areas decreased both before and after subclinical seizure patterns as compared to periods without pattern, and the number of temporal waves was reduced. Frontally, the mean amplitude was increased only in open-eyed records. The time relationship of the appearance of alpha maxima differed over all regions, but was closest in frontal records in both open- and closed-eyed records, and independent of the pathological pattern. In closed-eyed frontal records, a changeover in the time lead between the hemispheres could be observed, with one side leading during the period preceding the pattern, and the other after the pattern. 2. In the range of theta frequency, occipital open-eyed records showed slowing of the frequency both before and after the subclinical seizure pattern, with an increase in the standard deviation. In closed-eyed records made in the period preceding the pattern, an increase of the mean amplitude was observed frontally and occipitally, as well as an increase of the standard deviation of the amplitude in all regions. Slowing of the theta frequency was encountered in the frontal regions. Differences in the periods preceding and following subclinical seizures were to be seen only in the theta range. PMID- 57034 TI - Electrocorticography of waves associated with eye movements in man during wakefulness. AB - Waves associated with horizontal saccadic eye movements were recorded from cortical occipital areas through multilead intracerebral electrodes implanted for a few days in 6 drug-resistant epileptic patients in order to localize epileptogenic foci. The waves were studied statistically when the EEG activity was not disturbed by interictal discharges. Cortical occipital waves related to free eye movements while scanning complex material started at the end of the eye movement, later in fact than the corresponding scalp parieto-occipital phenomena. The amplitude of the cortical waves increased with the complexity of the external field (contrasts having no marked effect) and was reduced in an unpatterned field and in dim light. Waves persisted in darkness. Their amplitude was independent of the size of the eye movement. The latency of the waves, calculated from the onset of eye movement, increased with the size of the movement, the complexity of the external field and also in darkness. Imposed eye movements induced cortical waves of larger amplitude and shorter latency and anticipatory potential changes beginning before onset of the eye movement. Waves related to eye movements differed from blinks and from responses to several types of light stimulation more strikingly in cortical records than in those from the scalp. These findings are discussed in relation to lambda waves, activation waves and eye movement potentials, expectancy waves and premotor potentials, and to the phenomena of perceptual blanks preceding normal perception after fixation of gaze. The importance of the subject's attention is emphasized. PMID- 57035 TI - Modulating systems of hippocampal EEG. AB - Hippocampal EEG changes in response to stimulation of several mesodiencephalic inputs (mesodiencephalic reticular formation, MRF; medial and lateral hypothalamus, MH and LH; medial septum, MS) were quantitatively investigated by means of spectral analysis in cats with chronically indwelling electrodes. The rhythmic activity of the hippocampus, in the theta frequency range, increased as a function of stimulus strength wherever the stimulation took place in MRF, LH and MH. Characteristic response patterns were found for each input area. These differed as regards the occurrence of shifts in theta peak frequency and the decrease in one or more theta frequency components below baseline levels at high stimulation voltage. Desynchronization (EEG flat spectrum) did not take place at low stimulation strength of the MRF, LH and MH except in a few cases, where the electrodes were placed in the neighbourhood of fibre tracts (fornix and medial forebrain bundle). Thus evidence for the existence of "synchronizing" and "desynchronizing" systems was not found. A model of the origin of the hippocampal EEG is discussed in the light of the results, by means of which several hypotheses concerning the mechanisms of desynchronization are considered. PMID- 57036 TI - Thalamic evoked potentials to somatosensory stimulation in man. AB - Thalamic somatosensory evoked potentials (ThSEPs) were recorded by averaging technique from various thalamic structures during 59 stereotactic operations. From 372 records, response patterns and latency characteristics were analysed in relation to the intrathalamic localization. The findings can be summarized as follows. In N. ventro-caudalis (VC) and ventro caudalis parvocellularis (Vcpc) ThSEPs showed the most definite (and exclusively contralateral) responses characterized by a single positive (P1) deflection. The latency was shortest in VC (mean value, 17.5 msec) and in Vcpc (15.6 msec). Responses from N. centrum medianum (CM), parafascicularis (Pf) and limitans (Lim) were composed of early P1 N1 and of later P2-N2 components. The P1 latency was relatively consistent, with a mean value of 28.2 msec. Pulvinar responses showed a pattern similar to CM, with a mean P1 latency at 30.5 msec. Responses of N. dorsalis medialis (DM) were small, variable and longest, with a mean P1 latency of 54.2 msec. To ipsilateral stimulation, CM, Pul, DM and N. ventro-lateralis (VL) showed comparable wave forms. The possible role of the CM-Pf-Lim complex and of Pulvinar in the "extra lemniscal" sensory system was considered. The usefulness of ThSEP recording to identify electrode locations in the thalamus is thus confirmed. PMID- 57037 TI - Epileptic discharges triggered by blinking and eye closure. AB - Two children manifested EEG discharges which were triggered by blinking and/or eye closure in light and in darkness. The first case demonstrated single focal posterior discharges with eye blinks and repetitive focal posterior sharp wave discharges with eye closures. No photoparoxysmal responses were obtainable. Case 2 manifested generalized epileptic discharges triggered by eye closure which were sometimes associated with clinical seizures. In addition she showed photoconvulsive responses. Since the discharges triggered by eye blink and by eye closure occurred in both bright light and in darkness it is suggested that sensory afferents arising from contraction of the orbicularis oculi muscles may have been the epileptic trigger in Case 1 and could have contributed to the epileptic triggering mechanism in Case 2. PMID- 57038 TI - [Maturation of somesthetic evoked potentials in man]. AB - Somaesthetic evoked potentials (SEPs) have been recorded on the parietal scalp of 375 normal and awake children to brief electrical stimulation (0.5 msec) applied to the contralateral median nerve at the wrist. Each SEP was obtained by summation of the responses to 150 stimuli delivered at a frequency of 1/sec. The population studied has been divided in five age groups, each one corresponding to a recognizable stage of maturation of the responses. PMID- 57039 TI - Comparison of Wiener filtering and selective averaging of evoked potentials. AB - The application of the Wiener filter to the estimation of evoked potentials is criticized, and this method is compared with an a posteriori selective averaging method. It is shown that Wiener filtering may cause information loss for certain types of evoked potentials, since the transient evoked response components of the brain are of damped oscillatory character and are not stationary signals. The selective averaging method is briefly described and suggested to obtain consistent, dependable and more descriptive averaged evoked potentials (AEPs) of a brain structure for well-defined waking and sleep stages. The stated arguments are supported by a comparative representation of AEPs obtained from the cat inferior colliculus by means of Wiener filtering and selective averaging. PMID- 57040 TI - [High performance system for intracellular analysis]. AB - A device is described, which allows intracellular microelectrode recording. It also has the possibility of injecting current without modifying the band pass, of eliminating artefacts, of controlling microelectrode resistance and capacity, measuring electrical membrane constants and, if need be, of unplugging the microelectrode. PMID- 57041 TI - Eectroencephalogram in "locked-in" syndrome. AB - Twenty-three EEG studies in eight patients with "locked-in" syndrome were reviewed. The EEG was either normal or minimally slow in all except one patient. All showed reactivity to various stimuli. Photic stimulation elicited a photic driving response at one time or another in all the seven patients where it was attempted. Althouth the basic activity may be similar, it is the preservation of alertness and the presence of reactivity of the EEG which distinguishes the "locked-in" patients from those comatose due to an extensive brain stem lesion. In an unresponsive patient, an EEG resembling that of the waking state, although highly suggestive of an intrinsic brain stem insult, may also occur at times in association with diffuse cortical damage, secondary to prolonged cardio-pulmonary arrest. PMID- 57042 TI - Electroencephalographic changes during experimental hangover. AB - The EEG was recorded in 27 subjects during hangover. Male healthy volunteers drank 1.75 g/kg body weight of ethanol in 3 h and the EEG was recorded 14-16 h later when the degree of hangover was highest. For control purposes a second EEG was recorded after a similar session when subjects drank water instead of ethanol. A third record was taken in normal laboratory conditions. T5-A1 and O1 A1 derivations were subjected to computer analysis from which spectral and frequency parameters were calculated. Visual analysis of the EEG during hangover showed a decrease and slowing of alpha activity and an increase in theta activity. Spectral analysis of the EEG gave a statistically significant increase in 7-8 c/sec activity during hangover. The EEG change could not be explained in terms of blood alcohol level, hypoglycaemia or acidosis. Also fatigue could be excluded as a cause of EEG change by means of "water controls". The conclusion is that the slowing of the EEG during hangover is caused by the depressant action of ethanol, or its metabolites, on cortical function. PMID- 57043 TI - [Contingent negative variation in 10-year-old children. Relations with the type of performance in a task of spatial localization]. AB - CNV magnitude was studied in a task involving spatial localization and discrimination Subjects were 18 children 10 years of age. The CNV amplitude of half the subjects increased when the performance decreased and, in the other half, CNV amplitude decreased when the performance decreased. However, it seems that CNV magnitude increases as task difficulty increases but only above a minimal threshold varying with the subject. The results suggest that CNV amplitude cannot be related to a single psychological factor. PMID- 57044 TI - Effects upon the EEG of psychometric performance during deep dives in helium- oxygen atmosphere. AB - A study of EEG modifications and psychometric performances was performed during two dives in hyperbarbic chambers with a helium--oxygen breathing mixture (pO2 maintained at 0.4 ATA). The depths attained were 500 m for the first experiment (Sagittaire II) and 610 m for the second (Physalie VI). Four subjects were studied. EEG modifications that could be considered as high pressure nervous syndrome began at 300 m. They were characterized by an increase of slow activity (particularly theta), depression of fast activity and transformation of the waking EEG into one resembling that of stage I sleep. The psychometric tests revealed a diminution of sensorimotor performance in all subjects (10--20%). Performance in intellectual tests varied according to subject and experiment, and did not fall more than 15% below normal values. PMID- 57045 TI - [Statistical analysis of the activity of pyramidal cells in the dorsal hippocampus of the rabbit]. AB - The spontaneous activity of CA1 pyramidal cells was reduced with microelectrodes from the hippocampus of curarized adult rabbits under painless fixation. A statistical analysis of the data was made by a computer, using a program developed to process time interval series. 1. Various temporal patterns of discharge were observed. A classification into 5 distinct patterns could be disclosed, based on statistical parameters, particularly expectation density, joint interval histogram and interspike interval histogram. 2. The recorded neurones were distributed unequally in these groups, the distribution varying with sleep and wakefulness. 3. Some firing patterns prevailed during wakefulness and some during sleep, but all of them were observed in both states and no one was considered specific to one state. 4. The variability in neuronal discharge was estimated. "Stable" cells (60%) exhibited only one firing pattern. "Unstable" cells (40%) exhibited either two (82%) or three (18%) types of firing. 5. 65% of the cells recorded during waking and then during sleep shifted their firing pattern. The majority of the other units (35%), which kept the same pattern of discharge, were already stable during waking. Hence, they exhibited only one firing pattern and did not appear to be affected by sleep or waking. PMID- 57046 TI - Selective attention and the auditory vertex potential. I. Effects of stimulus delivery rate. AB - In a selective attention task, twelve subjects received random sequences of 800 and 1500 c/sec tone pips in their right and left ears, respectively. They were instructed to attend to one channel (ear) of tones, to ignore the other, and to press a button whenever occasional "targets", tones of a slightly higher pitch, were detected in the attended ear. In separate experimental conditions the randomized interstimulus intervals (ISIs) were "short" (averaging 350 msec), "medium" (960 mes) and "long" (1920 msec). The N1 component of the auditory evoked potential (latency 80--130 msec) was found to be enlarged to all stimuli in an attended channel (both targets and non-targets) but only in the short ISI condition. Thus, a high "information load" appears to be a prerequisite for producing channel-selective enhancement of the N1 wave; this high load condition was also associated with the most accurate target detectability scores (d'). The pattern of attention-related effects on N1 was dissociated from the pattern displayed by the subsequent P3 wave (300--450 msec), substantiating the view that the two waves are related to different modes of selective attention. PMID- 57047 TI - Selective attention and the auditory vertex potential. Effects of signal intensity and masking noise. AB - A randomized sequence of tone burst was delivered to subjects at short inter stimulus intervals (mean ISI of 333 msec), with the tones originating from one to three spatially and frequency-specific channels. The subject's task was to count the tones in one of the three channels at a time, ignoring the other two, and press a button after each tenth tone. In different conditions, tones were given at high (60 dB SL) and low (20 dB SL) intensities and with or without a background white noise to mask the tones. The N1 component of the auditory vertex potential was found to be larger in response to attended-channel tones than in relation to unattended tones. This selective enhancement of N1 was minimal for loud tones presented without noise and increased markedly for the lower tone intensity and in noise-added conditions. The selectivity of attention was measured physiologically in this multichannel listening task was thus greater when tones were faint and/or different to detect. PMID- 57048 TI - Parameters of temporal recovery of the human auditory evoked potential. AB - Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) to tone pips at three monopolar scalters were systematically varied: tone intensity (3.0, 1.5 and 0.75 sec), and direction of attention. Interstimulus intervals were computed separately for the 9 different combinations of the three possible first prior intervals (intervals between the test stimulus and the stimulus immediately preceding it) and the three possible second prior intervals (intervals between the stimulus preceding the test stimulus and the stimulus prior to that). Our results show that temporal amplitude recovery of N1 and P2 can be based solely on the first prior interval had not effect on amplitude. Furthermore, they show that it is inadvisable to use combined N1-P2 amplitude measures since the two peaks appear to be governed by separate processes. Recovery for N1 was different from that of P2, N1 showed no intensity effects while P2 did, and N1 and P2 had different topographic distributions. Directing attention to the tones did not affect N1 or P2 amplitudes but caused a highly significant increase in both N1 and P2 latency. Attention to the tones also produced a frontal negative baseline shift following them. PMID- 57049 TI - The dimensionality of the human visual evoked scalp potential. AB - A small number of processes can account for most of the evoked potentials activity in the two subjects studied. Principal components analysis indicates that six independent processes can account for approximately 97% of the variability in the data. Moreover, the factor analysis and plots of the factor coefficients yield indications that the times during which these principal factors are active agree quite well with the times at which the equipotential maps show some organized activity. The question of dipoles being the underlying cause of the observed activity is not answered by the factor analysis. The principal factors are not unique, but models which have a small number of parameters are more justifiable in light of the results of this study. PMID- 57050 TI - Fourteen and six c/sec positive bursts in comatose patients. AB - Of ten patients with Reye's syndrome, there were five with stage II or III coma where EEGs revealed 14 c/sec positive bursts in a background of diffuse delta waves. Positive bursts disappeared upon EEG improvement in two survivors and when the EEG became nearly isoelectric in two other patients. Although 14 and 6 c/sec positive bursts are seen commonly during sleep in normal young persons, their occurence in association with diffuse delta waves in acutely ill, comatose patients has been rarely reported. It is not certain whether the present findings should be regarded as selective preservation of a type of sleep pattern or whether there are special factors that enhance positive bursts in stage II or III coma of Reye's syndrome. PMID- 57051 TI - Latencies of evoked potentials to flicker and to pattern speedily estimated by simultaneous method. AB - This note describes a method for rapidly measuring the latency of a steady-state visual evoked potential (EP). Three sinewaves of different frequencies (F1, F2 and F3 c/sec) are summed, and the resulting waveform modulates either light intensity (for flicker stimulation) or spatial contrast (for pattern stimulation). Three evoked potentials of frequencies F1, F2 and F3 c/sec respectively are stimultaneously recorded by running three Fourier analysers in parallel. The outputs of the three analysers are presented in a single polar plot so as directly to display the three values of EP amplitude and phase. Practical methods for generating the pattern and flicker stimuli are described. PMID- 57052 TI - The contingent negative variation and psychological findings in chronic hepatic encephalopathy. AB - Early diagnosis of chronic hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) in the latent stage before the appearance of clinical signs, should reduce both morbidity and mortality as deterioration is often preventable by treatment. Since existing diagnostic procedures are inadequate, we have investigated a test in which morphine is used as a provocative agent and any resulting change in cerebral function assessed by measurement of the CNV in conjuction with a psychological trail test. Twenty six patients were studied, 6 of whom had clinically overt CHE. A significant correlation (P less than 0.05) between the change in CNV amplitude with morphine and the initial CNV amplitude, consistent with the theoretical model of Tecce (1972), was found. However, the CNV and trail test results taken as a whole did not allow even those patients with overt CHE to be distinguished and we conclude that it is unlikely that differing degrees of latent CHE could be detected. PMID- 57053 TI - The stability of the sigma sleep spindle. AB - The present study closely examined the distribution of sigma sleep spindle activity or six normal human males who slept undisturbed for approximately 8 h/night for 3 consecutive nights. Sigma spindle activity was monitored by an automatic spindle detector system which performed at 92.5% accuracy when judged against established visual criteria. Individuals differed markedly in total sigma spindle production across nights, but the failure to detect significant differences among nights and the large intra-class correlation suggests noteworthy inter-night stability of the sigma spindle. PMID- 57054 TI - Immunological comparisons of two synthetic human parathyroid hormone-(1-34) peptides. AB - The immunological properties of human parathyroid hormone-)1-34) synthesized in accord with the sequence reported by Brewer et al. and the different sequence found by Niall et al. were compared with those of highly purified native human hormone-)1-84). Analyses were performed by radioimmunoassay using 7 anti-bovine parathyroid hormone antisera and bovine parathyroid hormone-)1-34) as tracer. Whereas human parathyroid hormone-(1-34) synthesized in accord with the sequence of Niall et al. was immunologically indistinguishable from native human hormone in all 7 assay systems, striking differences were seen between human parathyroid hormone-(1-34) synthesized in accord with the sequence of Brewer et al. and the native hormone. In none of the 7 assay systems did human parathyroid hormone-(1 34) synthesized in accord with the sequence of Brewer et al. give the same displacement slopes that the reference preparation gave. The observation that immunologic probes easily discriminate between the two different human parathyroid hormone-(1-34) peptides suggests that similar immunologic approaches will be of value in exploring several important issues, particularly those relating to the sequence and conformational properties of human parathyroid hormone and its synthetic peptides and to the question of the existence of isohormonal forms. PMID- 57055 TI - Editorial: Liver extracts. PMID- 57056 TI - Antigenic determinants of murein lipoprotein and its exposure at the surface of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Murein lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli could be fixed to erythrocytes without pretreatment of the erythrocytes. Passive hemagglutination or immune hemolysis could thus be used as sensitive assays to determine antibodies against lipoprotein. In rabbit antisera prepared against whole cells of E. coli, Salmonella, Arizona, and Shigella antibodies against lipoprotein were present. The respective titers were lowest in encapsulated smooth strains and highest in rough mutants. Antisera against deep rough mutants showed even higher anti-lipoprotein titers than anti-R-lipopolysaccharide titers. Correspondingly,absorption of lipoprotein antibodies with enterobacterial strains was most pronounced with deep rough mutants and lowest with smooth strains. Lipoprotein becomes increasingly an immunogen as well as an antigen the more sugar residues are missing in the lipolysaccharide on the cell surface. In wild type cells lipoprotein is buried in the outer membrane; its exposure in mutant cells is related to defects at the cell surface. PMID- 57057 TI - Total and free triiodothyronine and thyroid-binding globulin concentration in elderly human persons. AB - Total thyroxine (TT4) and triiodothyronine (TT3) were found to be low in healthy elderly subjects with a preferential decrease of triiodothyronine. In order to determine the importance of these findings 22 healthy elderly subjects were examined. Free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroid binding globulin (TBG) concentration and basal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Liver enzymes, cholesterol and total protein concentration were also assayed. TBG was significantly increased compared to a middle-aged group and did not correlate with TT4, TT3 and TSH. Basal TSH values were in the normal range and could be detected in all the elderly subjects in contrast to undetectable values in 40% of the younger subjects. FT3 determined directly did not correlate with the values calculated according to the law of mass action. According to the FT3 values the elderly subjects could be subdivided into three groups independent of their TT4, TT3, TBG and TSH values. FT3 was undetectable in one group, in the low normal to normal range in another and elevated in the third group. Our results suggest that 1) there is no correlation between TT4, TT3, elevated TBG and FT3 determined directly or by calculation, 2) basal TSH values seem to indicate possible hypothyroidism in elderly persons which is correlated with elevated cholesterol levels and 3) FT3 measured directly subdivides this metabolic state into three groups possibly depending on the intracellular concentration of T4. PMID- 57058 TI - Distribution of serum zinc between albumin and alpha2-macroglobulin in patients with decompensated hepatic cirrhosis. AB - Lower concentrations of total serum zinc (540 +/- 111 mug/1, mean +/- SEM), and of albumin-bound serum zinc (295 +/- 113 mug/1) and a higher concentration of alpha2-macroglobulin-bound zinc (245 +/- 69 mug/1) were found in 25 patients with decompensated hepatic cirrhosis, compared to 28 healthy subjects (835 +/- 91; 679 +/- 83; 156 +/- 27 mug/1 respectively). Levels of total and albumin-bound zinc were significantly and positively correlated with serum albumin levels. Higher levels of alpha2-macroglobulin-bound zinc were associated with higher levels of alpha2-macroglobulin in these patients (2.8 +/- 0.8 g/1) compared to normals (2.3 +/- 0.6). Hence, not only do decompensated cirrhotics exhibit a lower serum zinc level but a greater proportion of this zinc is associated with the tightly bound, and presumably metabolically more inert, serum fraction. This situation exaggerates the zinc deficiency state of the severe cirrhotic. PMID- 57059 TI - Nuclear non-histone proteins from rat ventral prostate cell under going hypertrophy of hyperplasia. PMID- 57060 TI - Ethidium bromide counterstain for differentiation of quinacrine stained interphase bodies and brilliant metaphase bands. PMID- 57061 TI - Reverse banding of Japanese quail microchromosomes. PMID- 57062 TI - Influence of UV irradiation, 4-nitroquinoline-u-oxide, methylmethanesulfonate, and bleomycin on the acitivity of an alkaline deoxyribonuclease from human lymphocytes. PMID- 57063 TI - Detection of interspecific translocations in mouse-human hybrids by alkaline Giemsa staining. PMID- 57064 TI - Cell cycle analysis in asynchronous cultures using the BUdR-Hoechst technique. PMID- 57065 TI - A note on the method of retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase as a tool in studies of afferent cerebellar connections, particularly those from the inferior olive; with comments on the orthograde transport in Purkinje cell axons. AB - 1. Injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) suspension were made in the cerebellar cortex of cats (most often the paramedian lobule). The staining of the cerebellar cortex and the ensuing labeling of neurons in the inferior olive were studied in experiments with variations of concentration of HRP, amounts of fluid injected, survival time and age of the animals. Light microscopical studies were supplemented with electron microscopical observations. The folded cerebellar cortex offers particular difficulties with regard to obtaining a predictable extent of stained tissue, and the spreading of the fluid within the cortex shows great variations even with the same amounts and concentrations of HRP suspension. Diffusion of fluid appears to occur most easily within the molecular layer. Often there are unstained parts of folia between stained parts. Staining of the cortex is barely visible after 7 days, but appreciable shrinking of the stained area does not appear to occur until after 4 days. 2. The first signs of labeling of olivary neurons are seen after 5-10 hours, after 7 days there are no labeled cells. The rate of retrograde transport in olivocerebellar fibers is calculated to be between 50 and 100 mm/day. Labeling of cells appears to require staining of the molecular layer of its projection areas in the cerebellum. 3. For studies of the olivocerebellar projection survival times of 2-3 days and injections of 0.5 mul of a 50% HRP suspension seem in general to be well suited. Best results are obtained with animals weighing 1-3 kg. There is a clearcut correlation between the site of staining of the cortex of a particular part of the cerebellum and the site(s) and extension of olivary area(s) containing labeled cells. 4. Anterograde transport in axons of Purkinje cells has been observed. Electron microscopically the axons of these fibers contain HRP labeled tubules and vesicles as do their terminal boutons in the nuclei. 5. In cases where the injected fluid has spread to the cerebellar nuclei, localized parts contain neurons which are labeled as are the cells in the injected cerebellar cortex. PMID- 57066 TI - The in vitro stimulation of the influenza transcriptase by ribosomes. PMID- 57067 TI - Existence of homologous antigenic structures in unfolded creatine kinase and arginine kinase. PMID- 57068 TI - Penetration of target areas in the rat by liposome-associated bleomycin, glucose oxidase and insulin. PMID- 57069 TI - beta2-Microglobulins: isolation, properties, and distribution. AB - beta2-Microglobulin is structurally related to immunoglobulin domains and is identical to the light chain of histocompatibility (HL-A) antigens. Similar to free light chains of immunoglobulins, beta2-microglobulin is most easily isolated from urine. We have previously purified human beta2-microglobulin from urine of patients with renal tubular resorption defects. Corresponding proteins have now been obtained from urine of rabbits and guinea pigs treated with sodium chromate. Sequence studies have established that the rabbit protein is rabbit beta2 microglobulin. The guinea pig protein closely resembles the human and rabbit beta2-microglobulins in amino acid composition, charge, molecular size, and also in the presence of an apparently analogous disulfide loop. These findings indicate that this protein is the guinea pig homologue of beta2-microglobulin. Physical-chemical studies suggest that human beta2-microglobulin and isolated immunoglobulin domains are similar not only in amino acid sequence but also in three-dimensional structure. Both types of molecules are compact and globular in shape and apparently contain beta-pleated sheet conformation. beta2-Microglobulin is present in free form in various body fluids and as a subunit of histocompatibility antigens on cell surfaces. Current estimates suggest that the number of beta2-microglobulin molecules on cell surfaces is higher than the number of histocompatibility (HL-A) antigens. Accordingly, beta2-microglobulin is possibly a subunit of additional cellular antigens or receptors. PMID- 57070 TI - Structure and significance of beta2-microglobulin. AB - beta2-Microglobulin shares many structural features with the homology regions of the immunoglobulins. Particularly significant is the fact that its amino acid sequence is homologous to the sequences of the constant regions of both classes of light chains (kappa and lambda) and to the constant homology regions of at least three classes (gamma, mu and epsilon) of heavy chains, especially the carboxyl-terminal regions Cgamma3 Cmu4 and Cepsilon4. Molecules similar to human beta2-microglobulin have been found in other vertebrate species. The properties of beta2-microglobulin suggest that the gene for this protein may have evolved from a precursor gene that by duplication gave rise to immunoglobulin light and heavy chains. Furthermore, the observation that beta2-microglobulin is synthesized by and appears on the surfaces of a variety of cell types, including nonlymphoid cells, suggests that the concepts derived from analysis of the immune system may be applicable to other areas of cell biology. In particular, the close association of this immunoglobulin-like molecule with the histocompatibility antigens has a number of implications for the origin, structure, and function of these as well as other cell surface glycoproteins. PMID- 57071 TI - The immunoglobulin-like structure of human histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 57072 TI - Some biological properties of beta2-microglobulin and its antibody. AB - beta2-Microglobulin on the surface of lymphocytes exists in two molecular forms, first as part of the HL-A antigen complex, and second as a free molecule unbound to other membrane macromolecules. Quantitative determinations of the numbers of molecules of beta2-microglobulin per lymphocyte when compared to published values for the numbers of HL-A molecules per cell are consistent with an excess of beta2 microglobulin compared to HL-A antigens on the cell surface. Turnover studies of beta2-microglobulin from the lymphocyte surface indicated that both beta2 microglobulin and HL-A components are metabolized at similar rates. beta2 Microglobulin appears to be released in the free form. HL-A antigens, if released from the cell surface, appear to be released unbound to beta2-microglobulin. The effects of anti-beta2-microglobulin antibody on lymphocyte activation, namely on the mixed lymphocyte reaction and on antigen induced proliferative response, were studied. Anti-beta2-microglobulin completely inhibited the mixed lymphocyte reaction and the antigen induced proliferative response. PMID- 57073 TI - beta2-Microglobulin: a reevaluation. AB - Rabbit antiserum to human beta2-microglobulin was used to inhibit the proliferative response of lymphocytes in a variety of in vitro assays and to block the effector phase of the cell mediated lympholysis reaction. The antiserum was able to inhibit both of these reactions; it is not clear whether the cytotoxic reaction that we are studying in a xenogeneic human-rabbit system is based on phytohemagglutinin dependent cytotoxicity or on specific recognition of target cells by receptors on the effector cells, or most likely on a combination of both cytotoxic mechanisms. Whereas the possibility that beta2-microglobulin may be associated with receptors on the thymus-derived lymphocyte surface is considered, it is also pointed out that the effect of the antiserum may be based on other mechanisms of perturbing the membrane so as to inhibit these responses. PMID- 57074 TI - Photosketching. A simple method to produce line drawings. PMID- 57075 TI - [The current role of palliative operations in the surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot. A report on 172 operated cases (author's transl)]. AB - 172 consecutive palliative operations in patients with Fallot's tetralogy are presented. 19% of the patients were aged less than 6 and 45% less than 12 months. The overall mortality was 5.8%, but has been recently reduced with the improvement of anaesthesiologic and technical experience. In fact, during the last two years, 69 Waterston shunts (33 under 12, and 17 under 6 months of life) were performed with no deaths. On the grounds of this experience, indications of the different types of systemic to-pulmonary artery shunts are discussed, as well as problems related to the choice between one-stage and two-stages surgical correction. The authors' opinion is that palliative procedures still play an important role in the treatment of Fallot's tetralogy, although the future approach may well be early total correction. In their experience, the last approach is restricted to children over 18-24 months of life with favorable anatomy, and to all patients over 4 years of age. PMID- 57076 TI - The effects of portacaval shunting and portacaval transposition on serun IgG levels in the rat. AB - In rats subjected to end-to-side portacaval shunt and to portacaval transposition, serum IgG levels rose progressively by approximately 100% over a 5 week period. During the same period, sham-operated control animals showed only the increase expected with age. Rats with a portacaval shunt showed a greater fall in body weight and liver weight than did those with a portacaval transposition, and also showed a greater fall in levels of liver-synthesized proteins. Serum enzyme levels were markedly elevated during the first 48 hr after portacaval shunting, whereas after portacaval transposition the elevation was very small. Over the following 5 weeks enzyme elevation continued to be margiallly greater in the portacavallly shunted animals. Because IgG levels rose to a similar degree in both groups of animals, the prsent results support the hypothesis that hypergammaglobulinemia is due to the shunting of antigen-rich portal blood past the reticuloendothelial cells of the liver, and the hepatocellular damage does not play a major role in this process. The etiology of hypergammaglobulinemia in chronic liver disease in man may be similar. PMID- 57077 TI - Letter: Do SPC cells of Whipple's disease circulate in the blood? PMID- 57078 TI - [Quantitative measurement of colloidal iodine in thyroid follicles of Xenopus larva by x-ray spectometry: effects of hypophysectomy and the administration of TSH]. PMID- 57079 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of prolactin in pars distalis of the salamander Necturus maculosus. PMID- 57080 TI - Islet histophysiology: evolutionary correlations. PMID- 57081 TI - [Immunological state of the body under the action of low doses of chlorophos and methylnitrophos]. PMID- 57082 TI - [Immunological aspects of trophoblastic tumors]. PMID- 57083 TI - [Editorial: Cell kinetics and chemotherapy]. PMID- 57084 TI - Man and his hand. PMID- 57085 TI - [Editorial: Alpha fetoprotein]. PMID- 57086 TI - Diagnostic tissue microbiology methods. AB - Tissue specimens, when processed properly, may yield important microbiologic information. Various techniques have evolved for specimen collection and transport, processing of tissue specimens, and demonstration of organisms by staining histologic material that enhance the identification of infectious agents. Careful attention to these details may yield diagnostic information that might otherwise be missed. PMID- 57087 TI - Identification of human chromosomes by using integrated density profiles. PMID- 57088 TI - Studies on the human T-lymphocyte population - IV. The isolation of T-lymphocyte antigens from peripheral lymphocytes. PMID- 57089 TI - Mode of action of Ir genes and the nature of T cell receptors for antigen. PMID- 57090 TI - Involvement of sialic acids in the immunological specificity of plasma membrane glycoproteins. PMID- 57091 TI - The occurrence of antibodies in rabbit anti-pneumococcus antisera directed against calcium dependent and independent determinants. AB - Two type specific acidic pol-saccharides from Pneumococci (type III and type VIII) have been used to prepare immuno-adsorbents. The polysaccharides were coupled to Sepharose 4b via a 1,6 hexanediamine spacer and used to isolate two populations of type specific antibodies from rabbit anti-pneumococcus antisera. One population requires calcium to affect interaction with the homologous polysaccharide, while the other population has no such requirement. The isolated antibodies are of the lgG class and are fully active in precipitin assays. PMID- 57092 TI - Effect of carbamylation of lysine epsilon-amino groups on the activity of blood group specific glycoproteins. AB - Carbamylation of epsilon-amino groups of lysine of human blood group MM glycoprotein, some of its precursors and the blood group A B antigens gave products with 41% - 91% epsilon-amino group substitution. Even the most extensive carbamylation led to only marginal changes in the circular dichroic (CD) spectra of these substances and none in sedimentation coefficients studied. Nevertheless, carbamylation resulted in either increased or unchanged or decreased inhibitory activity of all blood group antigens tested depending solely on the source of the hemagglutinin used. Carbamylation of epsilon-amino groups of these blood group glycoproteins therefore leads to minor conformational changes, not involved with the primary blood group specificity, which is recognized by a large proportion but not by all corresponding antibodies and lectins. PMID- 57093 TI - Incompatibility between C3b and B of guinea-pig and man and its influence on the titration of the alternative pathway factors D and B in these two species. AB - The incubation of the proteins C3b, B, D and C3 induces enzymatic activation of B and of C3. This system of purified components was applied to the titration of the guinea-pig and human factors D and B in various homologous and heterologous reaction mixtures. On the basis of functional as well as of immunological tests, the D enzymes of both species were found to be related proteins. First, titrations of factor B revealed that both D enzymes activate homologous and heterologous B with comparable efficiency. Secondly, a rabbit anti-D antiserum raised against guinea-pig D was found to form a precipitation line of partial identity with guinea-pig and human D. In contrast to the compatibility between heterologous D and B, heterologous combinations of C3b and B were found to be incompatible. This incompatibility was indicated by low titres of D in the presence of heterologous C3b and B; in contrast, in the presence of homologous C3b and B, the titres of D were up to one hundred-fold higher. The reason for this effect was found to reside in inefficient complex formation between heterologous C3b and B. Therefore titrations of D and B should be only performed in the presence of homologous C3b and B. PMID- 57094 TI - Single cell studies on the antibody-forming potential of fractionated, hapten specific B lymphocytes. AB - This study addresses itself to the problem of antibody formation in vitro by mouse splenic B lymphocytes enriched for reactivity to the hapten NIP by the hapten-gelatine binding and melting technique of Haas and Layton (1975). Small numbers of NIP-gelatine-bound B cells were placed in microcultures either by bulk dispensing of dilute cell suspensions, or by micromanipulation under direct microscopic visualization. Antibody formation was induced by the T cell independent hapten-protein conjugate NIP-polymierized flagellin, using 10(4) thymus cells per microlitre as 'filler' cells. The frequency of precursors of NIP specific antibody-forming cells among bound cells was about 2-2 X 10(-2) (one cell in forty-five) by both statistical and direct evaluation, after adjustment for a background frequency of 6-10 X 10(-8) precursors in the thymus filler cells. Single clones commenced antibody secretion asynchronously, as shown by the fact that the incidence of positive cultures continued to rise over the whole three days of culture, and that very small clones of one to four plaque-forming cells (PFC) were still found on day 3. The mean PFC number per positive culture rose from 1-2 at day 1 to 4-7 at day 2 and about 20 at day 3. PMID- 57095 TI - Influence of reticuloendothelial blockade on the induction of tolerance and immunity by polysaccharides. AB - The intensity of reticuloendothelial blockade by carrageenan, silica and ethyl stearate was measured and its effect studied on the susceptibility to tolerance induction by polysaccharide antigens in mice. The most intense RE depression reduced the tolerance threshold dose of levan only by 3-fold and that of dextran B512 not at all. The genetic resistance of BALB/c mice to tolerization with the alpha1-3 glucose epitope of dextran B1355 was not overcome by carrageenan blockade which did however, render them normally susceptible to tolerance induction by human gamma-globulin. PFC responses to immunization by the polysaccharides were diminished by blockade, relative to its intensity and to the antigen itself. These and other data suggest that severe RE blockade (a) can promote tolerance by suppressing the active role(s) of the macrophages in immune induction rather than by sustaining circulating antigen, and (b) depresses responses to thymus-independent antigens, probably by an immunosuppressive influence mediated by damaged macrophages. PMID- 57096 TI - Cellular aspects of non-specific stimulation of antibody production by capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae. PMID- 57097 TI - Quantitative and thermodynamic measurements on I and i antigens of human red blood cells. AB - Different homogeneous IgM cold agglutinins (two anti-I, two anti-i and one anti Il cross-reacting antibodies) have been used to determine the antigen site densities of adult I and i erythrocytes and of cord red cells. The equilibirium constants and the thermodynamic constants of these reactions have been determined. The two anti-I antibodies, which did not combine with i or cord red blood cells, recognized two different determinants on I red cells. The antigen density of the I Fla. receptor was 120,000 sites per erythrocyte and the standard enthalpy change (-deltaH degrees) of the reaction was 18 to 25 kcal/mole. The antigen density of the I Loi. determinant varied according to the red cells tested and the enthalpy change (-deltaH degrees) of these reactions was 50-65 kcal/mole. The i and cord erythrocytes reactive structures were more heterogeneous than those present on I erythrocytes. The equilibrium constants rapidly decreased as the temperature rose and the standard enthalpy changes ( deltaH degrees) ranged from 50 to 90 kcal/mole. Two types of i determinants were observed; one of the anti-i antibodies reacted mainly with an i component present on cord erythrocytes, the other antibody reacted with a different i component present on i adult red-cells. The determinants, recognized by the cross -reacting antibody on I red cells, differed fromthose on i or cord red cells in equilibrium constant, thermodynamic constants, index of heterogeneity of the reaction and in their sensitivity to formalin treatment. PMID- 57098 TI - Gm(1) and Gm(2) factors in some of the endogamous caste groups. PMID- 57099 TI - [State diploma of nursing]. PMID- 57100 TI - Isoprinosine augmentation of phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The need for agents designed to modify immune response in the treatment of patients with viral infection, immunodeficiency, or cancer prompted the present study on the mechanisms of action of isoprinosine, a compound developed for antiviral use and whose therapeutic activity may involve the immune system. The effect of isoprinosine on in vitro proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and on lymphocyte levels of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate was analyzed. Over a concentration range from 0.2 to 250 mug/ml, isoprinosine augmented PHA-induced proliferation; maximal stimulation was observed between 25 to 50 mug/ml. Isoprinosine in the absence of PHA had no effect on proliferation. The relative lack of effect of isoprinosine during a 90-min exposure and the lack of effect on lymphocyte cyclic nucleotide levels indicate that isoprinosine potentiates the PHA response by a mechanism different than a number of hormonal agents and such immunopotentiators as levamisole, polyadenylic-acid, and endotoxin. Further evaluation of isoprinosine as an immunopotentiator is indicated. PMID- 57101 TI - Antigenicity of the M proteins of group A hemolytic streptococci: further evidence for shared determinants among serotypes. AB - Shared antigenic determinants between M proteins of group A streptococci appear to be widespread among serotypes. This is demonstrated by the ability of purified M proteins to absorb opsonic antibody from a variety of heterologous antisera prepared against whole cells or purified M proteins. This absorption procedure has the capacity to separate passive mouse protecting and passive hemagglutinating antibodies from opsonic antibodies measured in vitro. When whole cells or M proteins are used as heterologous absorbents, immunoglobulin may be recovered from the cells or precipitates. The recovered antibody has most of the opsonic and some of the precipitating qualities of the original unabsorbed serum, but hemagglutinating titers are significantly lower. These data provide additional evidence that shared antigenicity among M proteins can be the result of common antigenic determinants. Arguments are presented that these cross reactions are not the result of a nonspecific protein fraction associated with purified M proteins. PMID- 57102 TI - [A new instruction theory: possibility of a reverse flow of information from polypeptide sequences to RNA particularly in antibody synthesis, and the mechanisms of tolerance induction and immunosuppression (author's transl)]. AB - A new instruction theory for antibody formation is presented. The reverse flow of information from the amino-acid sequences of small antigenic determinants to an antideterminant RNA (aRNA) seems feasible. Prerequisites are specific activating enzymes, tRNAs, ATP as well as some kind of membrane assembling the anticodons of tRNAs linearly, analogous to the linear primary structure of stretched polypeptides. Once synthesized, aRNA might be replicated, utilized as transfer factor and transcribed by means of Reverse Transcriptase into aDNA. Further steps would be the fusion of this aDNA with genetical performed DNA-molecules already coding for the basic strucures of different classes of immunoglobulins by means of a terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase. This could be a chromosomal or extrachromosomal integration. The second hypothesis concerns antigen-induced immunosuppression and the phenomenon of nonresponsiveness (tolerance). An overwhelming proteolysis might give rise to a degradation of antigens or receptor templates for antigenic determinants located on the surface of macrophages. On later exposure to a similar antigen proteolytic enzymes are already preformed abolishing rapidly antigenic information. The third hypothesis concerns antibody induced immunosuppression and tolerance. Antideterminant information is integrated into the genome or established extra-chromosomally. The continuous presence of antibodies sets in motion a sequence of reactions causing an accumulation of all information intermediates including a complementary DNA strand to the aRNA. On exposure to the corresponding antigen aRNA is transcribed. However, translation might be inhibited by hybridisation with the complementary aDNA strand as well as specific RNA hydrolysis by RNase H. Concerning the immunogenity of antibodies, a proteolytical mechanism might also be possible. Taking this into account a tolerance could be suspended in the following way: 1. by influencing the overwhelming proteolytical degradation of antigenic determinants with simultaneous antigenic stimulation; 2. by substitution of aRNA to induce blocked antibody synthesis. PMID- 57103 TI - Investigation of the serum level of pregnancy-associated alpha2-globulin during contraceptive treatment by means of radial immunodiffusion method. AB - The serum level of pregnancy-associated alpha2-globulin was studied in 70 healthy women taking three different types of oral contraceptives [40 Bisecurin: containing 1.0 mg of Ethynodiol diaceticum +0.05 mg Ethynilestradiol; 20 Infecundin: containing 2.5 mg of Norethynodrel +0.1 mg of Mestranol; 10 Cervicundin: containing of 0.5 mg Ethynodiol diaceticum]. Elevated amounts of serum level of pregnancy associated alpha2-globulin could be detected in 37 of the 40 women taking Bisecurin and in all 20 taking Infecundin. Cervicundin however, failed to induce any change in the serum protein pattern of the 10 subjects studied. Serum levels of pregnancy-associated alpha2-globulin were higher in the Infecundin-taking (53 mg %), than in the Bisecurin-taking group (29 mg %). This shows the oestrogen dependency of the pregnancy-associated alpha2 globulin and points to a possible implication of this globulin in the immunosuppressive processes. PMID- 57104 TI - Immunochemistry of collagens and procollagens. PMID- 57105 TI - Ultrastructural localization of DNA in ultrathin tissue sections. PMID- 57106 TI - Automatic gram-staining with the microstainer II. AB - A comparison was made between the Microstainer II, an automatic staining machine, and the traditional, manual gram-staining method using clinical material and known organisms in a double blind study. Gram-reactions were in agreement with 98.4% of the organisms. The machine-stained microorganisms were generally found to be of the same or better quality than manually-stained organisms. Transfer of bacteria from slide to slide or smear to smear was not a significant problem. The Microstainer II would appear to be a useful addition to the large volume bacteriology laboratory. PMID- 57107 TI - Two wrongs sometimes make a right! PMID- 57108 TI - Histochemical localization of estrogen induced sulfated glycoprotein in rabbit uterus. AB - Histochemical localization of the estrogen-induced sulfated glycoproteins was made in the estrogen-treated rabbit uterus. Biochemical studies by a group of Endo et al, affirmed these particular glycoproteins were PAS-positive and metachromatic as stained with TB. No sign of digestion, however, has been detected in a series of tests with alpha-amylase, testicular hyaluronidase, streptomyces hyaluronidase, chondroitinase AC and chondroitinase ABC, and heparinase. The apical portions of the epithelial and glandular cells, obviously expanded by the estrogen treatment, display strong beta-metachromasia with TB (pH 4.0), saliva-resistant PAS-positive reactions, and also alcianophilia with AB (pH 2.5). These reactions are not reduced after the treatment with the enzymes above mentioned. Meanwhile, in the stromal matrix, the same enzymes give an influence to diminish the reactions to various extent. Our results suggest that the estrogen-induced sulfated glycoprotein is definitely localized in the apical portions of the epithelial and glandular cells. The identity is emphasized between the substance that is elucidated in the histochemical sections and the sulfated glycoproteins that have been specified solely by means of biochemical assays. PMID- 57109 TI - The effect of graded 60 degrees C 1N nitric acid extraction and of deoxyribonuclease digestion on nuclear staining by metachrome mordant dye metal salt mixtures. AB - We can divide metachrome mordant staining of nuclei after graded 60 degrees C 1 N nitric acid extraction into three groups. The Feulgen nucleal reaction and dilute cationic dye staining of nuclei are abolished in about 30 minutes. With one group of metachrome dyes nuclear staining is lost with acid exposures of one hour or less. In a second group nuclear staining is weakened by 30-60 minute extractions, but persists in recognizable grade for 4-6 hours. In the third group nuclear staining remains almost unimpaired for 4-6 hours. In the first group the nuclear staining seems clearly assignable to the nucleic acids and to DNA in particular. In the second group loss of part of the reactivity on short exposure indicates some participation of DNA in the control staining result, as well as participation of basic nucleoprotein. In the third group staining seems assignable largely to basic nucleoprotein. The five gallocyanin group dyes, all in group 1, all possess a dialkylamino group, probably functioning as an ammonium chloride.Hematoxylin, the flurone blacks and gallein all present an o hydroxysemiquinone group which probably acts as a weak acid, in addition to the carboxyl group of gallein which gives the strongest staining of nuclei at the longest acid exposure. Deoxyribonuclease digestion (2 hours, 37 degrees C) separated sharply a class in which nuclear staining failed completely, a class in which nuclear staining was fully equal to that in the control preparations and an intermediate group in which slight, moderate, or severa impairment was present. Generally there was good agreement between the two methods of nucleic acid removal, despite the fixation difference. In each case, however, the extraction procedure was one worked out for the fixation on which it was used. PMID- 57110 TI - The activity of mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in the rat nephron following triiodo-L-thyronine treatment: a histochemical study. AB - The effect of triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) treatment (15 mug/100 g body weight daily for 10 days) on the activity of mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GPOX) in different nephron segments of the male rat was investigated by a histochemical staining method. The study showed marked segmental differences regarding the response to T3-treatment: 1. The first two proximal segments were unstained in the control rats and intensely stained following treatment. 2. The third proximal segments, the thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop and the distal convolted tubules showed a strong or moderate reaction in controls and a moderate increase after T3-treatment. 3. The high activity of collecting ducts in the cortex and outer zone of the medulla in controls was slightly increased by treatment. 4. Faintly reacting glomeruli and negative thin limbs of Henle's loop and collecting ducts in the inner medulla (papilla) were unaffected by T3-treatment. The results are discussed in relation to biochemical and physiological data. PMID- 57111 TI - On the histochemistry of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in rat central nervous system. AB - The optimal conditions for histochemical demonstration of NAG activity in the cerebrum, diencephalon, midbrain, cerebellum, medulla oblangata, and spinal cord were studied in a series of 37 Wistar rats of either sex. The following more important results were obtained: Each CNS zone required a definite methodlogical approach. Optimal fixation for most structures was achieved after 2 h treatment with formol-calcium and subsequent immersion of tissue blocks in formol-calcium 0,88 M saccharose. By this fixation technique it was possible to preserve high enzyme activity and good tissue structure. Only for the large pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex the method of Holt provided optimal fixation. Formol-calcium saccharose mixture and pure 0,88 M saccharose produced the opposide osmotic effect on nervous tissue previously fixed with formol-calcium: the former induced tissue shrinkage, the latter edema. The use of hexazonium p-rosaniline coupler prompted preliminary alcohol treatment of sections and introduction of 0.1 M acetate buffer in the incubation solution. Acetate buffer concentrations lower than 0.2 M diminished the diffuse cytoplasmic coloration and permitted a clear cut demonstration of the lysosomal reaction. Ample information on the distribution of NAG activity in the CNS was obtained by using fast garnet GBC coupler and 0.1 M citrate buffer. Manganese chloride in a 0.2 mM concentration activates the reaction. The distribution of NAG reaction product in the cells of the different sections of the CNS was studied. The distribution of NAG reaction product in the cells of the different sections of the CNS was studied. The neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels showed positive reaction. Strongest activity was reported for the neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular necleus, the epithelial cells of the chorioid plexus, nucleus ruber of the mesencephalon, and the vascular wall pericytes. PMID- 57112 TI - Late gestation feeding of dichlorvos: a physiological characterization of the neonate and a growth-survival response. PMID- 57113 TI - [Bleomycin, electrolytically marked with technetium; its value in the detection of neoplastic tumors]. PMID- 57114 TI - Role of a lipopolysaccharide gene for immunogenicity of the enterobacterial common antigen. AB - It is known that only certain strains of the family of Enterobacteriaceae, notably rough (R) mutants with the type R1 or R4 core, evoked antibodies in high titers against the common enterobacterial antigen (CA) after immunization of rabbits with heated cell suspensions. The present investigation deals with genetic and immunochemical aspects of certain R1 and R4 mutants isolated from Escherichia coli 08 and various Shigella serotypes which, unexpectedly, do not induce CA antibody formation. Immunochemical and genetical (transduction and conjugation) experiments revealed that the rough phenotype of these special mutants was evoked by a mutation of pyrE-linked rfa gene, called rfaL, which is involved in translocation of O-specific polysaccharides onto the lipopolysaccharide core. The transduction of the defective rfaL, allele into appropriate rough recipients results in transductants which have simultaneously lost the ability to evoke CA antibodies. This finding suggests that a close connection exists between the function of the rfaL gene and the expression of CA immunogenicity in R1 and R4 mutants. One of the strains synthesized neither O hapten nor CA, suggesting a mutation in a region equivalent to the rfe genes of Salmonella. PMID- 57115 TI - Basis of microheterogeneity of myelin basic protein. AB - The basic protein of bovine central nervous system myelin contains a single polypeptide chain of 170 amino acids. Multiple components of basic protein have been observed on disc gel electrophoresis and ion exchange chromatography at alkaline pH, but the basis of the microheterogeneity has not been established. In the present study myelin basic protein from bovine spinal cord was chromatographed on carboxymethylcellulose at pH 10.4 in glycine buffer/2 M urea. Three major peaks were obtained, identified as components 4, 5, and 6 in the oder of their elution from the column by a linear salt gradient. The amino acid compositions of tryptic peptides from components 4 and 6 were identical and the COOH-terminal sequence, Ala-Arg-Arg, was intact for all three components. Component 4 was found to differ from component 6 by partial phosphorylation of threonine 98 and serine 165. This modification was estimated to account for 50% of component 4. Component 5 differed from component 6 by partial deamidation of glutamine residues 103 and 147, which accounted for 80% of this component. These modified glutamine residues were also present in component 4 and constituted another 15% of this component. It was considered that component 6 was the native, unmodified species of basic protein and that component 4 differed by a net negative charge of 2, and component 5 by a net negative charge of.1 as a result of these modifications. The nonrandom nature of the modifications suggested the involvement of specific enzymes. PMID- 57116 TI - Structure and function of beta-blucosidases in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - There are two isozymes of beta-glucosidase in developing cells of Dictyostelium discoideum. A procedure for screening large numbers of clones for beta glucosidase activity was utilized to obtain mutations which directly affect the activity. We recovered seven strains which lack both isozymes and four strains with residual activity in which enzymatic and physical properties of both isozymes are altered. Beta-Glucosidase appears to act as a block to selfing in macrocyst formation as shown by the fact that ssite mating type to form macrocyst like structures. Immunological evidence utilizing antisera prepared against purified beta-glucosidase-1 demonstrates that most of the glycosidases in Dictyostelium discoideum share a common antigenic determinant which appears to be added post-translationally. The two isozymes of beta-glucosidase share common protein subunits but the antigenic determinant is either lacking or masked in beta-glucosidase-2. This may account for some of the enzymatic and physical differences between the two isozymes. PMID- 57117 TI - Ultrastructure of acetylcholine receptor clusters on cultured muscle fibers. AB - The structure of regions with a high concentration of ACh receptors (clusters) on cultured skeletal muscle myotubes was examined by immunoperoxidase staining of bound alphaBT. The clusters did not appear to differ from the other regions except in their higher concentration of receptor. PMID- 57118 TI - Pleiotropic phenotype of colchicine-resistant CHO cells: cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity. AB - Colchicine resistant (CHR) mutants of CHO cells with reduced permeability to colchicine display extensive cross-resistance to a number of apparently unrelated compounds including puromycin, daunomycin, emetine, ethidium bromide and gramicidin D. A positive correlation was observed between the level of cross resistance and the relative hydrophobicity of these compounds. The mutants also showed increased (collateral) sensitivity to local anaesthetics (procaine, tetracaine, xylocaine and propanolol), steroid hormones (1-dehydrotestosterone, corticosterone and 5beta-pregnan-3,20-dione) and some Triton X compounds. In general, the degree of the pleiotropic response (cross-resistance or collateral sensitivity) correlated with the degree of colchicine resistance in mutant lines. These results are consistent with the pleiotropic phenotype being the result of the same mutation(s) which confer colchicine resistance and support a model for resistance in which the reduced permeability is assumed to be the result of an alteration in the modulation of the fluidity of the surface membrane. PMID- 57119 TI - Electron microscopy of interphase chromosomes in situ; binding of permanganate to chicken erythrocytes. AB - From quantitative electron-microscope observations on the binding of permanganate to regions of erythrocytes and reticulocytes of known chemical composition, it is concluded that KMnO4, like phosphotungstic acid (PTA), binds preferentially to sites on proteins. Compared with PTA, KMnO4 binding exhibits less anomalous behaviour. The data support the hypothesis previously put forward that the 2 regions, or phases, in condensed chromatin differ in both molecular composition and concentration. The increase in binding to protein which occurs during nuclear haemolysis is interpreted in terms of protein-protein interaction in the chromatin of the intact cell. PMID- 57120 TI - Evaluation of a Proteus rettgeri O-serotyping system for epidemiological investigation. AB - An evaluation of the serotyping system for Proteus rettgeri has been performed through its application to 561 human isolates of this species. Of these, 545 were typable and could be separated into 58 O serotypes. A group of isolates from one hospital, and clinically implicated in cross-infections, was found to belong the same O serotype, confirming the clinical findings. Isolates with more than one specificity of thermostable antigen, in most cases, were found to have combinations of such specificities restricted to combinations previously defined for the O-type strains. Furthermore, the use of pooled antisera was investigated and system of pooling was devised to retain the specificity of the system and to increase the facility of the typing procedure. PMID- 57121 TI - Defective histamine release in chronic urticaria. AB - Histamine release from peripheral blood leukocytes challenged with anti-human IgE was studied in patients with chronic urticaria and nonatopic controls. 19 of 23 controls, but only 6 of 20 patients, released over 20% of the total available leukocyte histamine. The response to anti-IgE concentrations of 1.66, 0.33, 0.066, and 0.013 mug antibody N/ml was significantly lower in patients than in controls. Serum IgE levels were significantly higher in the patients but total histamine content of about 10(7) leukocytes was not. Deuterium oxide (D2O) greatly increased histamine release (in both groups), indicating that the anti IgE interacted with the basophils of urticaria patients. Passive sensitization of leukocytes with biologically active IgE was achieved in both patients and control subjects whose cells responded to anti-IgE, but was not achieved in either patients or control subjects whose cells were nonresponsive to anti-IgE challenge. 125I-anti-IgE autoradiographic studies revealed no obvious quantitative abnormality in the amount of basophil-bound IgE in chronic urticaria patients. Ionophore stimulation of aliquots of the same leukocytes used for anti IgE challenge demonstrated that the urticaria patients' basophils were capable of releasing normal amounts of histamine. Leukocyte cyclic AMP levels in the two groups were not significantly different either in base-line levels or in responsiveness to stimulation with isoproterenol. These data indicate that chronic urticaria patients have a (acquired?) defect in leukocyte histamine release that occurs after the anti-IgE-IgE interaction, but before the actual (second-stage) release process, and that is comparable to the phenomenon of desensitization. PMID- 57123 TI - The preparation, use, and evaluation of recorded material for teaching ultrasonics in a university Master of Science course in medical physics. AB - The potential value of using recorded instructional material in a university Master's course module in medical ultrasonics is discussed. The procedure for preparation and evaluation of a program of slides with synchronized audio tape is reported. The evaluation indicates that the flexibility of this form of recorded material can make several unique contributions to the teaching program, in acquainting students with clinical problems, in simulating expensive equipment, and encouraging students to use the literature. PMID- 57122 TI - The effect of immunotherapy on humoral and cellular responses in ragweed hayfever. AB - The effect of specific immunotherapy on several in vitro responses to ragweed antigen E has been evaluated in 17 atopic patients with ragweed hayfever. The methods employed were leukocyte histamine release, measurement of specific IgE anti-ragweed antibody and specific IgG anti-ragweed antibody, lymphocyte proliferation, and the production of two lymphocyte mediators (migration inhibitory factor and mitogenic factor). The duration of treatment and symptom improvement were also recorded for comparison. Immunotherapy was associated with a decrease in leukocyte sensitivity for histamine release to ragweed antigen E in a majority of the patients. In addition, there was a significant decrease in IgE anti-ragweed antibody and a significant increase in IgG anti-ragweed antibody. Immunotherapy also resulted in a significant decrease in lymphocyte responsiveness to ragweed antigen E as measured by proliferation and the production of mediators. Symptomatic improvement was best correlated with the presence of IgG anti-ragweed antibody responses. The production of this antibody was also associated with a decrease in lymphocyte responsiveness. The results of this study indicate that specific immunotherapy in ragweed-sensitive patients induces alterations in immunologic reactivity to ragweed antigen in vitro. This response is antigen specific, includes elements of both humoral and cellular immunity, and may account for the clinical improvement that is often observed in patients who undergo this form of therapy. PMID- 57124 TI - A phase I study of 5-azacytidine (NSC-102816). AB - 5-Azacytidine was administered daily to 12 patients in a five-day schedule and to 15 patients in a weekly schedule as part of a phase I trial. The daily dose ranged from 50 mg/m2 to 158 mg/m2 and the weekly dose, from 200 mg/m2 to 633 mg/m2. The maximum total dose was 2000 mg in the daily schedule and 3775 mg in the weekly schedule. The major toxicity was gastrointestinal, with nausea and vomiting occurring in all patients in this study. Myelosuppression was less frequently encountered and appeared to be related to the increase in 5 azacytidine dose. Patients receiving 5-azacytidine in a weekly schedule of administration appeared to tolerate the drug better and to be more willing to continue their therapy. PMID- 57125 TI - Nigrothalamic projections in the monkey demonstrated by autoradiographic technics. AB - In spite of repeated demonstrations by degeneration technics, nigrothalamic fibers have been regarded with some skepticism. Attempts were made to trace nigral efferent projections in the monkey by autoradiographic technics. Tritiated amino acids (L-leucine, L-lysine and L-proline), injected into portions of the substantia nigra (SN), labeled cells in four regions, designated as, (1) rostrolateral, (2) caudolateral, (3) rostromedial and (4) central. Rostrolateral nigral neurons transported radioactive label preferentially and abundantly to thalamic nuclei; localized isotope was found in parts of three thalamic nuclei, the medial part of the ventral lateral nucleus (VLm), the magnocellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus (VAmc), and the paralaminar part of the dorsomedial nucleus (DMpl)9 Lateral neurons in the caudal half of the SN transmitted radioactive label to the same thalamic nuclei as rostrolateral nigral neuron. Isotope transported to portions of the striatum was modest and localized. Radioactive label taken up by large cells in the caudal third of the SN was transported to portions of the striatum, but not to thalamic nuclei. Labeled nigral neurons in the medial two-thirds of the rostral half of the SN, and in the middle third of the central part of the SN, transported the label mainly to parts of the caudate nucleus and putamen. In these animals modest radioactive label was seen in VLm and VAmc, but not in other thalamic nuclei. There was no evidence that nigral neurons project to the subthalamic nucleus. No radioactive transport from nigral neurons was detected in the superior colliculus, the midbrain tegmentum, or the red nucleus, and none was transported to more caudal brain stem nuclei. Nigrothalamic fibers arise particularly from cells in rostral and lateral parts of the substantia nigra. While some cells in other parts of the nigra project to thalamic nuclei, these appear scattered and less numerous. Large cells in caudal parts of the SN do not project to thalamic nuclei. These observations confirm nigrothalamic projections to VLm and VAmc, and identify a new nigral projection to part of the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus (DMpl). No nigral efferent fibers project to any of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei. PMID- 57126 TI - Entry of peroxidase into neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems from extracerebral and cerebral blood. AB - Autonomic preganglionic, sensory, and lower motoneuron perikarya within the central nervous system, as well as cell bodies with axons projecting to the circumventricular organs, are retrogradely labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) delivered to their axon terminals by cerebral and extracerebral blood. Subsequent to vascular injection of HRP into mice, blood-borne peroxidase passes across permeable vessels in muscle, ganglia, and in all circumventricular organs except for the subcommissural organ in which no leak could be discerned. Brain parenchyma adjacent to each of the permeable circumventricular organs quickly becomes inundated with the protein. By four to six hours post-injection, this extracellular HRP reaction product has disappeared, and by eight hours perikarya of specific hypothalamic nuclei contain HRP-positive granules indicative of the intra-axonal retrograde transport of the protein. Hypothalamic neurons so labeled are presumed to send axons to such circumventricular organs as the median eminence or neurohypophysis and include neurons of the magnocellular neurosecretory supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, the accessory magnocellular nuclei, the parvicellular arcuate nucleus, and a band of periventricular cells extending rostrally into the medial preoptic area. Labeled somata are also adjacent to the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and in the vertical limb of the nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca. No similarly labeled cell bodies were identified near the subfornical organ. PMID- 57127 TI - Amblyomma americanum: area control with granules or concentrated sprays of diazinon, propoxur, and chlorpyrifos. PMID- 57128 TI - Effect of ragweed hyperimmune human gamma globulin on in vivo and in vitro parameters of ragweed sensitivity. AB - The effect of ragweed hyperimmune human gamma globulin upon in vitro and in vivo parameters of ragweed sensitivity was examined. In a double-blind study, 40 ragweed sensitive patients were divided into 2 groups and received either ragweed hyperimmune human gamma globulin (treated) or normal pooled globulin (control). Parameters of ragweed sensitivity studied before and following injections of the gamma globulin included skin test and nasal provocation end point titration, specific IgE antibody as measured by the RAST, leukocyte histamine release, total serum ragweed antibody level, and total serum IgE. Changes in measured parameters varied in both groups of patients. In the "treated" patient group, 1 wk later nasal sensitivity decreased significantly, and there was a trend toward decreased histamine release from leukocytes. No discernable effect was noted upon the other parameters. Thus, with the dosage used, the parenterally administered hyperimmune gamma globulin did not influence most measurements of ragweed hypersensitivity. The concept of this therapeutic approach might warrant further investigation. PMID- 57129 TI - Alternaria IgG precipitins and adverse reactions. AB - Late reactions consisting of fever, malaise, and swelling at the site, 4 to 6 hr after injections of Alternaria extract occurred in several patients receiving immunotherapy with Alternaria. These patients had in common serum IgG precipitins and exquisite leukocyte histamine release sensitivity to Alternaria. Such precipitins were 3 times more frequent in patients receiving Alternaria immunotherapy than a control group of patients receiving immunotherapy with other antigens. A prospective study revealed that 5 of 23 Alternaria-sensitive persons had precipitins before immunotherapy and another 6 developed precipitins during therapy. Only one of the 23 experienced a late Alternaria reaction. Thus, precipitins to Alternaria are common and do not seem to be the basis for the late reactions we observed. The finding of precipitins does not contraindicate immunotherapy. PMID- 57130 TI - Inhibition of antigen-induced histamine release by ouabain. AB - The effect of ouabain, a specific sodium-potassium dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase) inhibitor, on antigen-induced histamine release was studied using guinea pig lung fragments sensitized in vitro with rabbit antibodies against bovine serum albumin. Histamine was assayed spectrofluorometrically. When sensitized tissue had been preincubated with ouabain (less than or equal to 1.0 x 10(-4) M) for 10 min prior to antigenic challenge, release of histamine was significantly inhibited (maximum 54%, p less than 0.001, N=9, paired t test). The most significant inhibition was obtained near the optimal concentration of antigen. The inhibition was dependent on the length of preincubation (less than or equal to 20 min), and was partially reversible upon washing the tissue removing the ouabain. Ouabain did not seem to prolong the duration of the histamine release process. Increase in potassium ion (less than or equal to 1.1 x 10(-2)M) inhibited the histamine release and had additive effects to ouabain action. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (less than or equal to 5 x 10(-3) M), which could enhance the release, strongly antagonized the inhibition. Glucose removal from the medium did not abolish the ouabain effect. The results seem to indicate that immunologic release of histamine is under the influence of the membrane Na+-K+-ATPase activity. PMID- 57131 TI - Clinical and immunological studies of timothy antigen D immunotherapy. AB - The response to preseasonal immunotherapy with aqueous grass extract, timothy antigen D, or water-soluble timothy (WST) in alginate was compared in patients sensitive to grass pollen. Injections of antigen D in alginate produced little evidence of clinical or immunologic response. Treatment with aqueous grass extract or WST in alginate, on the other hand, significantly reduced the seasonal rise in grass-specific IgE. Aqueous extract therapy was also associated with a decline in leukocyte sensitivity during the pollen season, while WST treatment produced the greatest rise in hemagglutinating antibodies. PMID- 57132 TI - Carcinoma of the vulva. AB - Carcinoma of the vulva often presents as a large ulcerating or fungating tumor with considerable destruction of the vulva and surrounding tissues. The area usually is very painful and foul smelling. Most such tumors are of the squamous cell variety. Despite the degree of histologic differentiation, the lymph nodes are involved in more than 50% of the cases. The best therapeutic results are obtained with radical vulvectomy and groin node dissection "en bloc." Occasionally treatment should be modified in the geriatric patient because of associated medical problems. Various techniques are discussed. Since the disease is rare, best results are achieved by referral to a specialized treatment center. PMID- 57191 TI - Analytical electron microscopic study of mitochondrial inclusions in canine myocardial infarcts. AB - An analytical electron microscopic study, utilizing scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, was made of two types of mitochondrial inclusions identified in canine myocardial infarcts. The data were obtained from thin sections of tissues that were fixed in aldehyde, osmicated and embedded in epoxy resin. Calcium peaks of variable intensity were detected in inclusions which contained very electron-dense spicular material and which were localized to muscle cells at the peripheries of the infarcts. These findings indicate that the spicular inclusions represent early stages in the process of mitochondrial calcification in myocardial infarcts. In contrast, calcium or other trace elements were not detected in moderately electron-dense amorphous inclusions which were present in mitochondria of muscle cells throughout the infarcts. With the tissue preparative techniques employed, the possibility cannot be excluded that the amorphous inclusions contained calcium, either in small amounts or in a readily diffusable state, in vivo. The data, however, are in accord with the previously advanced hypothesis that the amorphous inclusions represent precipitates of denatured mitochondrial protein formed during the evolution of irreversible cellular injury. This study provides further evidence that analytical electron microscopy can yield important information regarding the nature of various inclusions occurring in normal and diseased tissues. PMID- 57192 TI - Ultrastructural localization of viral antigens using the unlabeled antibody enzyme method. AB - Employing the unlabeled antibody enzyme method at the ultrastructural level, a comparison was made between preembedding staining and postembedding staining for the detection of viral antigens. The bacteriophage P1 absorbed to the surface of Shigella dysenteriae was used as a model system. Preembedding staining resulted in the specific deposition of peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) complexes as an electron-dense coating around the viral heads. Disadvantages of the preembedding staining method included the agglutination of cells by the primary antiserum which produced a gradient of specific staining and the "bleeding" or migration of electron dense reaction product away from the sites of attached PAP complexes. The postembedding staining method had distinct advantages over the preembedding staining in that PAP complexes were deposited directly over exposed viral heads within the thin section. In addition, the specific immunostaining of viruses was uniform through the section and no artifactual migration of reaction product was observed. PMID- 57193 TI - Seroepidemiological study of HBV infections in Athens, Greece. AB - A seroepidemiological survey of a sample-roughly representative by age and sex - of 2744 persons of the Greater Athens area revealed that hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections are highly endemic in Greece. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in 72(2-6%) of them. The subtype was identified in 70 of the 72 carriers, and 69 were ay; the other was ad. Determinant w was present in all 61 that were capable of being typed further, and a23y(w) was twice as common as a11y(w). Antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) was found in 514 (18-7%) persons. The prevalence of the HBsAg rose rapidly with age, reaching peak values (5-3%) at 20 29 years, while anti-HBs reached its highest value (42-1%) in older age groups (50-59 years). The frequency of HBsAg was significantly higher in males (3-4%) than in females (1-5%). The percentage of infected persons who become chronic HBsAg carriers (12-3%) was found higher than in other developed populations. It was also found higher in children (25%) than in adults (5-5%) and in males (14 6%) than in females (8-1%). These data indicate that HBV infection in early life is a major risk factor in the development of HBsAg carriers and support the hypothesis that males are more likely to become HBsAg carriers than females. PMID- 57194 TI - Complement - fixation in the interaction of normal rabbit gamma G' globulin and its Fab' fragment. AB - Complement consumption induced by Fab' fragments of rabbit IgG, irrespectively of their state of aggregation, requires the presence of homologous rabbit IgG. Up to a certain concentration of Fab' fragment, the amount of complement fixed is a linear function of the Fab' fragment dose, but further raising of the Fab' fragment concentration does not result in complete complement consumption in the sample. The interaction between Fab' fragment and IgG is not strictly species specific. PMID- 57195 TI - New immunological approaches to the application of BCG vaccine for the treatments of tumors (acute leukoses). PMID- 57196 TI - Pulmonary changes in neonatal sepsis to group B beta-hemolytic Streptococcus: relation of hyaline membrane disease. AB - The radiographic changes of hyaline membrane disease were seen in seven of eight infants with group B beta-hemolytic streptococcal sepsis. Hyaline membranes were found throughout the lungs of all six infants who were examined after death. The most striking finding was the presence of group B streptococci within the membranes of five infants. Streptococci were so numerous in one instance that they comprised the bulk of the membrane. Another infant uas thought to have classical hyaline membrane disease until numerous group B streptococci were found within the membranes when lung sections were examined with special stains. No other organisms were identified within the membranes of any infant. These findings suggest that infection with group B streptococcus may cause a syndrome clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from hyaline membrane disease. PMID- 57197 TI - Rubella antibody assay by the immunoperoxidase technique: comparison with the hemagglutination inhibition test for determination of immune status. AB - The rubella immune status of 128 young women was determined with two assays for rubella antibody, the immunoperoxidase technique and the hemagglutination inhibition test. Comparison of the results of these techniques showed agreement in 125 cases (110 positive and 15 negative). Positive results were obtained for one woman only by the immunoperoxidase assay and for two women only by the hemagglutination inhibition test; all three of these women had a minimal titer of rubella antibody of 1:16. The sensitivity of the immunoperoxidase test was comparable to that of the hemagglutination inhibition test, and the specificity of the former test was verified. The peroxidase-labeled antibody technique is easier to perform than the hemagglutination inhibition test and is less time consuming since sera do not require prior treatment and results can be obtained in as little as 90 min. PMID- 57198 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity to fungal antigens in mice. II. Molecular classes in immunogenic RNA extracts that transfer delayed hypersensitivity. AB - The transfer of delayed hypersensitivity to Coccidioides immitis and Candida albicans antigens with immunogenic RNA extracts was studied in a mouse model. Sensitivity was measured by skin tests and footpad swelling responses. Immunogenic RNA converted normal spleen cells in vitro so that they produced antigen-specific delayed hypersensitivity in mice that were given injections of the cells. RNase reduced the rate of, but did not abolish, in vitro interaction of immunogenic RNA extracts with lymphocytes. Immunogenic RNA transferred sensitivity on direct intraperitoneal inoculation into mice. The transfer ability was resistant to RNase preparations active against both single- and double stranded RNA. Sedimentation gradient fractions of the immunogenic RNA were assayed by intraperitoneal injection, and converting activity was found in two fractions, greater than 33S and 6S-13S. After treatment with RNase, all activity was shifted to the less than 6S fraction. Two fractions of the immunogenic RNA in its native state (greater than 33S and 6S-13S) were also able to convert spleen cells. The data indicate that the transfer of delayed hypersensitivity by immunogenic RNA preparations is associated with RNA but may not require the intact RNA molecule. PMID- 57199 TI - A canine distemper model of virus-induced anergy. AB - For development of an animal model of virus-induced anergy, the effect of canine distemper virus (CDV) upon cell-mediated immunity in dogs was investigated. First, canine cutaneous reactions and in vitro lymphocyte responses to soluble protein antigens were characterized. Dogs immunized with picryl guinea pig albumin and with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (both in complete Freund's adjuvant) responded reproducibly to intracutaneous challenge with these antigens. Reactivity peaked in 20-40 days (maximal induration, 6-50 mm). Lymphocytes from these animals responded in vitro to stimulation with keyhole limpet hemocyanin or purified protein derivative. This stimulation was antigen-specific and was maximal on day 6 of culture. Infection with CDV depressed cutaneous reactivity and lymphocyte response in vitro to antigens and mitogens. This effect was transient in animals previously vaccinated with attenuated CDV; however, gnotobiotic puppies (susceptible to CDV) had prolonged depression of cell mediated immunity and lymphopenia. Some of these animals developed neurologic symptoms and died. The findings indicate that CDV infection is a potentially useful model for study of virus-induced depression of T (thymus)-cell responses and support the hypothesis that there is more than one mechanism responsible for this phenomenon. PMID- 57200 TI - [New dyes for identification of dental plaque maturation]. PMID- 57201 TI - Vectorial characteristics of ventricular extrasystoles stimulated during cardiac catheterization. AB - Ventricular extrasystoles (VES) from different areas of the ventricular muscle mass were obtained by mechanical stimulation of inflow and outflow regions of the right ventricle (RV) and apical and basal portions of the left ventricle (LV) during cardiac catheterization. Cube system vectorcardiogram (VCG) patterns of VES from each location were analyzed to determine the specificity of vector orientation from each site. Transverse plane VCG distinguished between nonseptal LVES and RVES, while a combination of transverse and either sagittal or frontal planes permitted further localization of septal VES to inflow or outflow regions of the RV and apical and basal areas of the LV. PMID- 57202 TI - Mobitz II atrioventricular block due to infra-Hisian block and bundle branch extrasystoles. AB - An asymptomatic elderly male presented with complete right bundle branch block, left anterior fascicular block and Mobitz Type II second degree atrioventricular block. In addition, he was noted to have ventricular premature systoles. Electrophysiologic studies demonstrated two apparently different mechanisms for the second degree A-V block--infra-Hisian block and A-V block due to bundle branch extrasystoles arising in the affected right bundle branch. Concealed conduction of the bundle branch extrasystoles as the proximate cause of infra Hisian block could not be excluded. However, both forms of A-V block were evidently dependent upon significant distal conduction system disease; this consideration was felt to warrant permanent pacemaker implantation. PMID- 57203 TI - Coexisting ventricular and blocked atrial parasystole. AB - A rare instance showing non-conducted atrial parasystole coexisting with ventricular parasystole is presented and a related subject is briefly discussed. The importance of recognizing parasystole is again emphasized because the ordinary extrasystoles, particularly ventricular in origin, are frequently digitalis-induced, while parasystole, which superficially resembles the ordinary extrasystoles, does not seem to be related to digitalis. PMID- 57204 TI - An improved electron stain for elastic fibers using tannic acid. PMID- 57205 TI - Slide dipping tubes for conserving stains, reagents and radioautographic emulsions. PMID- 57207 TI - Toward a theory of human disease. AB - The importance of the idea of human disease is revealed by the attention that it receives in both the social and biological sciences. It is striking, thus, that despite its certrality and fundamental relevance to an understanding of man and his social institutions, no theory which exclusively addresses human disease has been developed. The purpose of this paper is to set forth a preliminary outline of a theory of human disease. In the paper, an exploratory approach is followed. That is, the requirements of and problem areas which a theory of disease should explain are touched on. The material draws from literature in both the social and biological sciences. Some attempt is made to link the material to contemporary questions in these fields. PMID- 57206 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein synthesis by murine lymphoid cells in allogeneic reactions. AB - Surface-bound alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was demonstrated by immunofluorescence on approximately 1/3 of splenic lymphocytes in chronic murine graft vs. host (GVH) reactions. Splenic lymphocytes were also shown to have a suppressed phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response compared to controls while lymph node cells from the same GVH animals revealed no surface AFP and had normal PHA responses. Splenic lymphocytes showed marked synthesis of AFP in the GVH and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reactions by [14C]leucine incorporation and by radioimmunoassay in MLC supernates. Lymph node cells, however, demonstrated less synthetic activity and 14C counts in their membrane fractions were not markedly elevated. PMID- 57208 TI - Velocity measurements of particulate neuroplasmic flow in organized mammalian CNS tissue cultures. AB - The movements of spherical particles in the range of 0.3 to 0.8 mum diameter within neurities of cultured embryonic mouse spinal cord fragments were observed and recorded by means of Nomarski optics and time-lapse photocinematography at high power. Particulate movements were measured by projecting the motion pictures onto a calibrated screen and recording the distances moved with time of linearly moving particles and making note of the direction (toward or away from the neuron soma) of movement. In all, 128 particles were measured in six cultures. These measurements were taken away from the neuron soma near the periphery of the neurites. Eight-three particles were noted to be moving toward the neuron at a mean velocity of 1.03 +/- 0.38 (SD) mum/sec while 45 anterograde moving particles were noted to move at 1.07 +/- 0.62 (SD) mum/sec. Statistical analysis of these veolcities revealed no significant difference between them. Particles which were elongated and probably represented mitochondria moved more sluggishly and could not be measured accurately by the techniques employed. It appeared the spherical particles moving in a retrograde direction originated at the neurite tip apparently by pinocytosis. There was a suggestion that anterograde flow and retrograde flow may have been affected unequally by factors which develop in the observation chamber over a period of 2 hr or more. The most likely factor responsible was probably hypoxia. PMID- 57209 TI - A stain for the detection of choline acetyltransferase after electrophoresis. PMID- 57210 TI - Qualitative and quantitative studies on human myelin basic protein in situ with respect to time interval between death and autopsy. AB - Normal human frontal lobe white matter obtained at autopsy was used to determine the extent of in situ post-mortem degradation of myelin basic protein (BP). Effects of the following two factors were studied: 1) time interval between death and autopsy, and 2) freezing and thawing the tissue. Quantitative extraction of BP from the autopsy material showed only minimal loss of BP that could be attributed to the time interval between death and autopsy (up to 48 h). The purified BP from these samples was electrophoresed on acrylamide gels at pH 4.3 and it was found that the electrophoretic patterns were comparable to zero hour bovine BP samples. The BP obtained from the autopsy samples was found to be encephalitogenic in guinea pigs. When tested against rabbit anti-human-BP serum, the purified BP preparations gave a single arc in immunoprecipitin test. BP extracted and purified from tissue that was frozen once and processed before it could thaw showed yields, encephalitogenic activity and acrylamide disc gel electrophoretic patterns that were similar to those of BP from tissue that was never frozen. However, frozen tissue that was thawed and then incubated for 8 h at room temperature before processing yielded only 13-25% of the total extractable protein. This BP also was encephalitogenic and showed acrylamide banding pattern that was similar to BP from tissue that was never frozen. Samples of white matter were examined by electron microscope. Unfrozen autopsy material showed some separation of myelin lamellae. Myelin in sections of frozen and thawed white matter showed separation as well as disruption of the lamellae. Samples that were frozen, thawed and then incubated at room temperature for 8 h showed sporadic loss of dense line material in addition to lamellar separation and disruption. The results a) show that BP is quite resistant to autolytic changes and b) are consistent with the location of BP along the cytoplasmic surface of the myelin membrane. PMID- 57212 TI - [Paradoxical pupillary reaction to light -- a pupillographic study (author's transl)]. AB - A report given of a 32-year-old female patient who exhibited a unilateral paradoxical pupillary reaction to light, but was obviously healthy in all other respects. All of the neuroophthalmological findings, including the infrared reflex-pupillographic results registered, are indicated and discussed in detail in the report. An analysis of the findings leads to the conclusion that this disturbance has a central, prenuclear location. Apart from a stenosis at the junction of the arteria vertebralis, which was determined angiographically, further examination did not reveal any pathological findings. PMID- 57211 TI - [Clinical observations on hydrocephalus with special regard to the posttraumatic malresorptive form (author's transl)]. AB - 100 cases of Spitz-Holter shunts performed for hydrocephalus over a period of 3 years were analyzed; 17 of these were of posttraumatic origin and are discussed in regard to pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods, and therapy. Half of these 17 had severe traffic accidents. The rapidity and degree of ventricular dilatation were positively correlated with the duration of unconsciousness. When the unconsciousness had lasted more than 10 days hydrocephalus was recognized early, and the shunt was performed on an average 2 months after the trauma. Two thirds of the patients improved after the shunt operation. Pathogenetically we believe the important factors in the acute stages are increased CSF pressure, disturbed CSF dynamics, brain swelling and vascular circulation disorder; in the chronic stages, parenchymous atrophy. The following 3 types of posttraumatic hydrocephalus were differentiated on the basis of the clinical features: --symmetrical communicating internal hydrocephalus with malresorption, especially after subarachnoid hemorrhage, --communicating internal hydrocephalus alone, or in combination with external hydrocephalus resulting from atrophy, --internal occlusive hydrocephalus after trauma. The following posttraumatic clinical features were found to be indications that hydrocephalus may be present: in the acute stages inadequately long symptom resolution considering the severity of the trauma, secondary changes for the worse, an apallic syndrome which does not improve; in late stages, the presence of an Adams Hakim syndrome charaterized by dementia, a spastic gait and loss of sphincter control. The most successful diagnostic methods were found to be pneumencephalography with 24 and 48 h delayed exposures, cisternoscintigraphy and continuous intracranial pressure monitoring in combination with the spinal infusion test. The most important intracranial shunting procedures and the indications for shunting are discussed. PMID- 57213 TI - [Chronic pernicious course in multiple sclerosis with involvement of the optic nerves and total spinal sclerosis (diffuse spinal sclerosis) (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases with the clinical diagnosis of chronic MS are presented, which, histologically, show large solitary demyelinated and gliotic areas involving almost the entire spinal cord over 12-25 segments as well as the optic chiasm. The abortive form of the neuromyelitis optical syndrome in MS is discussed. The additional involvement of the cerebral hemispheres suggests that the clinical and histological picture described is related to Schilder's disease. PMID- 57214 TI - Effects of threshold, low frequency, long lasting stimulation on single motor unit electrical responses from the extensor digitorum brevis muscle in normal and myasthenic subjects. AB - The authors studied the recruitment of motor units of EDB muscle by long lasting threshold intensity stimulation at 1 c/sec of external popliteal nerve at the ankle in healthy subjects and in myasthenic patients. In the healthy volunteers, at steady intensity of threshold stimuli, maximum number of motor units never exceeded 5--6 electrical increments with a final incremental response of constant amplitude during 60 min of stimulation. In myasthenic patients, both an early exhaustion of threshold motor units and a marked facilitation phenomenon occurred with massive recruitment of incremental responses, while in a small number of cases no changes were observed. These data are discussed in the light of various morphofunctional hypotheses regarding the localization of the myasthenic impairment. PMID- 57215 TI - [Intracerebral hematoma with Nishimoto-Takeuchi-Kudo disease (Moyamoya disease): a contribution to the differential diagnosis of intracerebral hematoma (author's transl)]. AB - A 40-year-old female was admitted with the diagnosis of an intracerebral hematoma. A bilateral carotid angiogram showed the typical signs of Nishimoto Takeuchi-Kudo disease with a left temporal intracerebral expansive process. This disease must consequently be considered as another cause of an intracerebral hematoma. The pathogenetic and arteriographic aspects of this disease are considered. PMID- 57216 TI - [Cerebral involvement in the Sezary syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Two foci of histologically verified mycosis fungoides were found in the left parietal region of a 45-year-old man with involvement of the brain during an exacerbation of leukemia. There was perivascular and diffuse infiltration with lymphoma-like cells and occasional giant (Lutzner) cells but no involvement of the meninges. Both before and after operation the CSF contained a few atypical lymphocytes and mononuclear cells, one of which showed ultrastructurally the deeply clefted nucleus of Sezary cells. Atypical cells were confirmed morphologically in the peripheral blood, as well as by cytochemical (beta glucuronidase) and immunological (rosettes with SRBC) markers, after the postoperative leucocytosis had subsided. It is suggested that this CNS involvement during a leukemic conversion phase of mycosis fungoides is consistent with the Sezary syndrome. PMID- 57217 TI - Changes in carotid flow velocity induced by direct percutaneous carotid angiography in man. AB - Quantitative percutaneous flow velocity measurements are possible in carotid arteries. The results of the direct percutaneous angiography were measured by means of a Doppler directional flow velocity device and registered on a polygraphy. The results indicate an increase in the flow velocity of the injected as well as the non-injected carotid system. This implies that there are no local constrictions of the carotid artery following intervention and, furthermore, it implies a systematic effect of the puncture and injection itself, or of the contrast medium, on the whole cerebral circulation. A diffuse vasodilatation, at least in the cerebral circulation, is postulated. The possible implications are discussed. PMID- 57219 TI - [Orbicularis oculi reflex after facial paralysis: decreased amplitude of reflex response and spreading to all hemifacial muscles after reinnervation (author's transl)]. AB - After the acute stage of peripheral facial paralysis with nerve degeneration we find some signs of paresis after reinnervation due to insufficient motor recovery and associated movements due to faulty reinnervation. Electromyographical investigation of the orbicularis oculi reflex can be used for the objective evaluation of these two phenomena. This shows the following typical signs: 1. The amplitudes of the early and late reflex response are decreased on the affected side proportionate to the degree of paresis. 2. The response occurs in all reinnervated hemifacial muscles as a result of misdirection of fibres which originally innervated the orbicularis oculi muscle. PMID- 57218 TI - Quantitative histometric studies and relation of number and diameter of myelinated fibres to electrophysiological parameters in normal sensory nerves of man. AB - Quantitative histometric investigations were made in 6 radial and in 12 sural nerves of subjects without signs of a neuromuscular disorder. Nerve conduction velocities and amplitudes were studied on the same nerves. A linear relationship between the nerve fibre diameter and the conduction velocity of the fastest fibres was found. The conversion factor had a mean of 4.67, S.D. 0.16 in the radial nerves and an average value of 4.55, S.D. 0.19 in the sural nerves. Correlating the amplitudes of the compound nerve action potentials and the fibre number there was a linear proportionality between the log10 of number of fibres with a diameter of 11 mum and more, and the amplitude. PMID- 57220 TI - Persistent hiccoughs as the predominant symptom with a tumour of the medulla oblongata. PMID- 57221 TI - [The oculoauricular phenomenon: a new reflex, a new muscle -- m. retroauricularis (polygraphic EMG study) (author's transl)]. AB - On forced lateral gaze the outer and upper part of both ears is turned backward (oculoauricular phenomenon). A new, as far as we know, skin muscle of the external ear is described and called "m. retroauricularis". The oculoauricular phenomenon is a reflex mechanism between the abducens (m. rectus externus) and facial (m. retroauricularis) nerves. The verification of the automatic and tonic coinnervation is made polygraphically (EMG, stimulodetection) and clinically (unilateral abolition in case of homolateral facial paralysis). The oculoauricular reflex is a physiological and bilateral phenomenon, often rudimentary in man. It serves in looking, hearing and miming. The bilateral mechanism of innervation in the brainstem via the medial longitudinal fasciculus corresponds to Bell's phenomenon as to the "anti Bell". PMID- 57222 TI - Editorial: Post-therapeutic radiation injuries of the nervous system. Reflections on their prevention. AB - The introduction of the concept of Nominal Standard Dose and of Time, Dose Fractionation Factors ostensibly permits definition of tolerance doses for normal tissues in unequivocal terms. However, even with these refinements, tolerance doses remain, at best, guidelines, because radiobiologic effectiveness is governed not only by the effective dose, but also by individual factors, which will modify the response. Attention must be accorded to these biologic parameters, in order to prevent injury to healthy tissues. Of particular significance are the relative size or volume of the irradiated tissue, the possible presence of co-existing pathology in the exposed organ and the development of disease after tge termination of the treatment. Even if these factors are properly respected, the risk of radiation injury cannot entirely be eliminated. The radiotherapist is therefore obligated to use an approach which minimizes the exposure of the healthy nervous tissue, a goal which has become attainable with the advent of modern accelerators as radiation sources. PMID- 57223 TI - Proprioceptive feedback performance in patients with focal brain lesions. AB - Utilization of proprioceptive feedback in a manual tracking task was studied in patients with circumscribed unilateral brain lesions. Patients with posterior right hemisphere disease showed severe impairment in performance as compared to those with lesions in other areas of the brain. Increasing the intensity of proprioceptive feedback facilitated the tracking performance of left hemisphere damaged patients while patients with right hemisphere lesions failed to improve. The results were interpreted as supporting the view that the posterior right hemisphere plays a particularly important role in the utilization of proprioceptive information to maintain the position of body parts in space. PMID- 57224 TI - [Investigations on the Variability of the phasic pupillary light reflex (author's transl)]. AB - Infrared pupillography was used to determine physiological time parameters of the direct phasic light reflex in 101 normal subjects. These parameters include latency, contraction and redilatation times as well as total reaction time, measured in response to 4 different light stimulus intensities. A total of more than 4000 pupillary stimulations in these subjects was analyzed statistically. The study of these time parameters included determination of the mean, the standard deviation and three dimensional analysis of variance, with the following results: 1. The physiological time parameters are bilaterally symmetrical. 2. The most stable parameters with least variability in an individual subject were latency and contraction time. The redilatation time, however, showed marked intra individual variability. 3. Variance analysis revealed a high degree of correlation among the different parameters to light stimuli of varying intensity. 4. There was a highly significant prolongation of latency and of contraction time with increasing age. 5. No sex dependent effect on physiological time parameters was found. In addition, no interaction among light stimulus intensity, age and sex could be detected. Possible applications of the method for clinical neurological examination are discussed. PMID- 57225 TI - On the occurence of vanillic acid in human brain and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylbenzoic (vanillic) acid was previously shown to be one of the endogenous metabolites of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Using thin-layer chromatographic methods for identification and quantification of phenolic acids and phenolic alcohols, the authors identified vanillic acid in different regions of the human brain. The concentration of vanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid was also determined and compared to the concentration of 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylethylene glycol. The identification of VA in the human brain suggests that the vanillic acid of the cerebrospinal fluid originates, at least in part, from the catecholamines in the brain. The authors discuss other possible origins of vanillic acid besides the noradrenaline catabolism of dopamine. As the concentration of vanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid was found to be greater than the concentration of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol, it might be important for clinical biological studies to measure vanillic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid as well as the other alcoholic and acid catabolites of the catecholamines. PMID- 57226 TI - Quantitative electromyography in the detection of the carriers in Duchenne type muscular dystrophy. AB - The quantitative EMG technique was used to detect Duchenne muscular dystrophy carriers. The tests were carried out, measuring the parameters of M.U. potentials (the duration, the phase, and the 0 index according to Van den Bosch, modified by Gardner-Medwin), and using the Willison analyzer, in a group of carriers and normal subjects. Ten M.U. potentials from the deltoid, biceps brachii and quadriceps muscles were photographed and measured in each subject, and the right and the left biceps were examined with the Willison analyzer. An high detection rate was obtained by manual EMG, measuring traditional values such as mean number of phases, A.P. duration and 0 index. The Willison analyzer was significant in 2 known carriers. The total EMG detection rate was higher than the CPK tests both in the known carriers and the possible carriers. It is concluded that the quantitative EMG technique is an useful and specific test to detect carriers of the gene of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 57227 TI - Biochemical findings in multiple sclerosis. III. Immunoglobulins of restricted heterogeneity and light chain distribution in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Several biochemical parameters, the most important of which are total IgG, kappa and lambda light chain distribution and thin layer isoelectric focusing, were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid of 36 multiple sclerosis patients. Their ages and the evolution period of their disease are widely spread and no sex differentiation was made. PMID- 57228 TI - Morphological signs as indications of function of cells in the cerebrospinal fluid. AB - It is suggested that a continual cell exchange exists between blood and the subarachnoid space. These cells can live for a shorter or longer time there and fulfil their function depending on local conditions. In addition to phagocytosis, morphological evidence of local cellular and humoral immunological reactions have been demonstrated and how far they concour with current views on the functional state of spinal fluid cells has been examined. Peripolesis and emperipolesis, transformation of lymphocytes as well as various cell processes, as signs of function, are illustrated by light transmission and scanning electron microscopy as well as by immunological methods in various inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. PMID- 57229 TI - [Dyscephalia-cataracta congenita-hypotrichosis (DCH) syndrome (Ullrich-Fremerey Dohna, Hallermann-Streiff, Francois). Report of a case showing extrapyramidal hyperkinesia and dementia (author's transl)]. AB - In a 43-year-old man dyscephalia, cataracta congenita, and hypotrichosis were the outstanding features. These signs were first described in 1953 by Ullrich and Fremerey-Dohna as a clinical entity. Since 1958 the DCH syndrome was published under the synonyms of "Francois syndrome" and of "Hallermann-Streiff syndrome". However, as these authors did not add any essential details relevant for the classification of the syndrome we prefer to retain the term "Ullrich-Fremerey Dohna syndrome". In our case in addition to the above mentioned and well known manifestations, extrapyramidal hyperkinesia of the choreoanthetotic type and servere mental deficiency accompanied by mild cerebral atrophy (revealed by pneumencephalography) were found. PMID- 57230 TI - [Hyperinsulinism. Neurological and psychiatric aspects (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a patient with hyperinsulinism due to insulinoma associated with neurological and psychiatric disturbances including EEG alterations is reported. The hunger test as well as the i.v. tolbutamid test proved to be of diagnostic importance. In addition, the electroencephalographic studies combined with blood sugar analyses before and after 50 g glucose, orally, showed a reversibility of the EEG alterations together with normalization of the blood surgar levels. These results point to the possibility of differentiating biochemical from structural cerebral lesions associated with hyperinsulinism. PMID- 57231 TI - Iodinated bleomycin: an unsatisfactory radiopharmaceutical for tumor localization. AB - Cobalt-57-bleomycin is a clinically useful tumor-localizing agent, but attempts to label bleomycin (BLEO) with other radionuclides have been made because of the long physical half-life of 57Co. As an alternative labeling approach, we iodinated BLEO both directly on the imidazole ring and indirectly by reaction with N-succinimidyl 3-(4-hydroxy, 3-iodophenyl) propionate. Directly iodinated BLEO retained antibacterial activity, but in tumor-bearing rats it showed a lower tumor-to-blood ratio (2.3) at 2 hr than did 57Co-BLEO (11.8). The antibacterial activity of the indirectly labeled BLEO was markedly reduced and this material showed a tumor-to-blood ratio of 0.55 at 2 hr. The radioiodinated bleomycins are not suitable substitutes for 57Co-BLEO as tumor-imaging radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 57232 TI - The Paneth cell population of the small intestine of the rat-effects of fasting and zinc deficiency on total count and on dithizone-reactive count. AB - The distribution of Paneth cells in the rat small intestine was found to be approximately one per crypt in the duodenum, two to three per crypt in the jejunum and four to six per crypt in the ileum. The ileum has more Paneth cells containing dithizone-reactive zinc than the duodenum and jejunum. Zinc deficiency had no significant effect on the total Paneth cell count but no dithizone reactive Paneth cells were found in any area of the small intestine examined in zinc-deficient animals. Fasting for 3 days had no significant effect on the Paneth cell count but after a 4-day fast there was a significant rise in the total Paneth cell count accompanied by a fall in the percentage of Paneth cells containing dithizone-reactive zinc in all areas examined. PMID- 57233 TI - Effects of lipids on bioavailability of sulfisoxazole acetyl, dicumarol, and griseofulvin in rats. AB - The effects of hexadecane, oleyl alcohol, polysorbate 80, trioctanoin, and triolein on the bioavailability of sulfisoxazole N1-acetyl, dicumarol, and griseofulvin were investigated. Compared to administration of the drugs in water, the rate of absorption of the drugs was either decreased or not changed by the lipids. The extent of absorption of sulfisoxazole acetyl and dicumarol was significantly increased by polysorbate 80 and triolein and not affected by hexadecane or oleyl alcohol. Tricotanoin increased the extent of abosrption of sulfisoxazole acetyl but had no effect on the absorption of dicumarol. Compared to the aqueous vehicle, the extent of absorption of greiseofulvin was decreased by hexadecane, oleyl alcohol, and triolein, increased by polysorbate 80, and not affected by trioctanoin. The extent of absorption of sulfisoxazole acetyl was not affected by the amount of triolein in which it was administered nor by emulsification of triolein prior to administration. PMID- 57234 TI - Immunopharmacologic properties of WY-16,922, a new orally effective antiallergic agent. AB - In a series of tests designed to illustrate immune reactions similar to those obtained in atopic disease, Wy-16,922 effectively inhibited reaginic-mediated immunologic reactions in the skin, longs and mast cell. It was found to be devoid of immunosuppressant, antimediator, anti-inflammatory, steroid or bronchodilator properties as well as acute toxicity. Although the mechanism of action Wy-16,922 is unknown, it appears to limit the release (not the effects) of allergic mediators in a manner similar to that described for disodium cromoglycate. PMID- 57235 TI - Effects of ethanol on the permeability of toad urinary bladder epithelium. AB - Ethanol (9%) decreases the potential difference across the toad bladder when present at the mucosal surface, the short-circuit current was unchanged. The electrical resistance decreased indicating a change in ion movements across the bladder. Unidirectional 22Na and 36Cl flux measurements showed an increase in the movement of Cl, but no change in Na. The vasopressin-induced increase in Na transport (natriferic response) was also unaffected by the presence of ethanol. It is suggested that ethanol may be altering the apical tight junctions and affecting an anion selective pathway. The hydro-osmotic response of the toad bladder to vasopressin was decreased by 70% in the presence of 3% ethanol. The hydro-osmotic action of cyclic adenosine monophosphate was also inhibited by ethanol, indicating an action subsequent to the endogenous formation of this nucleotide. Tritiated water fluxes (in the absence of an osmotic gradient) were reduced by 30% in the presence of 3% ethanol. The vasopressin-induced increase in diffusional water flow was similarly reduced. Osmotic water movements across glutaraldehyde and N-ethylmaleimide-"fixed" vasopressin-stimulated bladders were also decreased in the presence of ethanol. However, 3% ethanol had no effect on osmotic water transfer across artificial collodion membranes. Ethanol, therefore, probably interacts with the bladder membrane. The Ktrans (permeability coefficient) of ethanol and water is increased by vasopressin. suggesting that their movement is through similar pathways. It is suggested that ethanol empedes the flow of water across the toad bladder by facilitating a physicochemical interaction between the membrane "pore" and the water molecules. PMID- 57236 TI - Impairment of clearance by the reticuloendothelial system of bursectomized chickens. PMID- 57237 TI - Marrow storage cells: an ultrastructural study. PMID- 57238 TI - Purification and biochemical characterization of a macrophage stimulating alpha-2 globulin opsonic protein. PMID- 57239 TI - Immunological heterogeneity among the M-associated protein antigens of group-A streptococci. AB - Different serotypes of group-A streptococci share common antigens that are closely associated with the type-specific determinant of M protein. By the use of selected human sera containing antibody to these M-associated antigens, we have shown that group-A streptococci can be divided into three categories. The majority of the opacity-factor-negative respiratory serotypes possess a shared M associated antigen or antigens, to which high titres of antibody are common in patients with rheumatic fever, or patients recovering from upper respiratory infections with certain opacity-factor-negative serotypes. The antibody in these sera has a demonstrable but limited affinity for the M-associated antigens of strains belonging to a second category of M types, the majority of which are opacity-factor-positive serotypes of "throat" or "skin" origin. A third group, consisting mainly of opacity-factor-negative pyoderma serotypes, gave variable results and seemed to be intermediate between the other two categories. Complement-fixation-inhibition tests and absorption studies showed a marked degree of cross-reactivity between the M-associated antigens of the three categories. PMID- 57240 TI - Loss of protective antigen, histamine-sensitising factor and envelope polypeptides in cultural variants of Bordetella pertussis. AB - Five Bordetella pertussis strains of phase I were grown in conventional casamino acid medium and in media modified by adding high concentrations of MgSO4 or nicotinic acid. Cells grown in high-magnesium media (in the C-mode) had only about 4% of the protective antigen (PA) and 6% of the histamine-sensitising factor (HSF) of cells from the normal medium. Envelopes from C-mode organisms when examined by SDS-PAGE showed a loss of 28K and 30K polypeptide bands. Similar parallel losses of PA, HSF and 28K and 30K bands were found with cells from the high-nicotinic-acid medium. A medium with a high concentration of nicotinamide gave cells with normal amounts of PA, HSF and 28K and 30K bands. Growth in high concentrations of Na2SO4 caused partial losses of PA, HSF and 28K and 30K bands, while a high-succinate medium gave cells with somewhat diminished PA and HSF but without appreciable attenuation of the 28K and 30K bands. Because of the close correlation between the presence or absence of PA, HSF and 28K and 30K envelope polypeptides, it is suggested that the latter may represent or be closely associated with the components responsible for PA and HSF activities. PMID- 57241 TI - DNA synthesis inhibition and the induction of protein X in Escherichia coli. PMID- 57242 TI - Organization and maintenance of a teaching file in a department of radiology. PMID- 57243 TI - Acute phase proteins in children with protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - The serum concentrations of the acute phase proteins, C-reactive protein, caeruloplasmin and haptoglobin were significantly higher in children with protein calorie malnutrition than in age-matched controls, while the concentrations of alpha1 antitrypsin, alpha2 macroglobulin, transferrin and complement component C3 were significantly lower. During rehabilitation and treatment with antibiotics, C reactive protein disappeared from the serum in most of the patients whilst the levels of caeruloplasmin and haptoglobin returned to normal values. On the other hand the serum concentration of alpha1 antitrypsin, alpha2 macroglobulin, transferrin and C3 showed significant increases. It is suggested that C-reactive protein and haptoglobin may provide useful indices of the presence or absence of infection in children with malnutrition. PMID- 57244 TI - Comparative trial of thiacetazone with isoniazid and paraaminosalicyclic acid (PAS) with isoniazid in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in Nigerians. AB - A comparative trial of a combination of thiacetazone 150 mg with isoniazid 300 mg in a once daily dose and that paraaminosalicyclic acid 12 gm uith isoniazid 300 mg daily in divided doses was carried out on 72 specially selected patients with pulmonary tuberculosis over a period of 12 months. The result of the trial showed that patients treated with thiacetazone/isoniazid combination responded equally favourably to therapy as the patients treated with PAS/isoniazid combination. The result of sputum conversion was similar in both groups. Radiological changes after treatment showed a significant similarity in both groups. It was observed that the thiacetazone/isoniazid combination is no more toxic than the PAS/isoniazid combination. There was no case of blood dyscrasia during the trial. Of the 72 patients who started the trial, a total of 19 (26 per cent) patients defaulted before the end of the third month. However, the remaining 53 patients (74 per cent) completed the trial, and the final analysis was based on this number. It was concluded that thiacetazone (150 mg/day) was of similar efficacy when compared with PAS (12 gm/day) as a companion drug for isoniazid (300 mg/day) in producing sputum conversion, and radiological changes in Nigerian tuberculosis patients and is therefore to be preferred because of its relative cheapness and once-a-day administration. PMID- 57245 TI - Review of international legislation establishing nursing breaks. PMID- 57246 TI - Reassembly in vitro of the superficial cell wall components of Spirillum putridiconcyhylium. PMID- 57247 TI - The distribution of anionic sites on the surface of the chromaffin granule membrane. PMID- 57248 TI - Post-prostatectomy impotence. AB - With the help of the principles of rapid eye movement sleep and nocturnal penile tumescence, 14 patients who underwent transurethral prostatectomy were studied by monitoring the electroencephalograph, electro-oculograph and penile plethysmograph activity preoperatively and postoperatively. No instance of complete loss of penile erection was found postoperatively. The need for objective rather than subjective data is emphasized. PMID- 57249 TI - [Staining of HB-Ag in the liver tissue by Shigata's method]. PMID- 57250 TI - [Cellular immunity in rheumatoid arthritis - cellular immunity seen in MIT and lymphoblast formation and specificity of the antigen]. PMID- 57251 TI - [Fundamental studies on the G-staining procedure of human chromosomes (author's transl)]. PMID- 57252 TI - Enhancement of encephalitogenic activity by the formation of myelin basic protein brain acidic protein complex. AB - Encephalitogenic protein fraction (BEC) was isolated from bovine brain tissue by extraction with salt-ethanol mixture at neutral pH, instead of employing dilute mineral acid. The fraction BEC was separated into two fractions. An acid-soluble protein was encephalitogenic and the major component was very alike to the basic protein of myelin (Al). The other was acid-insoluble acidic protein that was not encephalitogenic even at a dose of 100 mug. The acidic protein formed an insoluble complex with Al rotein which was purified by Eylar's method. Encephalitogenic activity of the complex was higher than Al protein in young guinea pigs when injected with complete Freund's adjuvant.However, this enhancement of encephalitogenic activity was not observed in aged guinea pigs. The complex showed higher blastogenic activity than Al protein alone with peripheral blood lymphocytes from guinea pigs immunized with Al protein and complete Freund's adjuvant. These results show that an adjuvant-like acidic protein is present in brain tissue and the complex with Al protein enhances the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). PMID- 57253 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice. I. Induction of EAE with mouse spinal cord homogenate and myelin basic protein. AB - The condition of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induction was investigated in several mice strains. SJL and C3H/He strains were found to be susceptible. A single immunization with mouse spinal cord, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis vaccine produced clinical signs of EAE in SJL and C3H/He strains after 11 to 18 days. Isogenic spinal cord produced EAE in C3H/He strain. A single immunization with myelin basic protein from bovine spinal cord in CFA and pertussis vaccine produced EAE in SJL strain. EAE susceptibility of SJL strain correlated with the amount of mycobacteria used for sensitization. It was necessary to give pertussis vaccine intravenously in all cases. PMID- 57254 TI - [Embryological studies of human kidney glomerulus by reconstruction method, PAM stain and immuno-electron microscopy]. PMID- 57255 TI - [Content of protein-bound iodine in the blood during surgical operations on the thyroid gland in patients with toxic goiter]. PMID- 57256 TI - [Certain results of the use of regional intra-arterial chemotherapy in inoperable cancer of the stomach]. PMID- 57257 TI - [Prevention of hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy by intravital staining of the parathyroid glands with toluidine blue O]. PMID- 57258 TI - [Acid mucopolysaccharides in human blood and bone marrow cells shown by fluorescence microscopy (author's transl)]. AB - In lymphocytes, monocytes and basophil granulocytes of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis specific fluorescence of acid mucopolysaccharides exists after fixation of blood smears with 9-aminoacridin-hydrochloride and subsequent staining with pseudoisocyanine at pH 4.2. A total of eleven children with various types of mucopolysaccharidosis were investigated. Specificaly stained granula were demonstrated in 5 to 49 percent of all lymphocytes and monocytes. Acid mucopolysaccharides were for the first time also shown in red-cell precursors of the bone marrow of children with mucopolysaccharidosis. PMID- 57259 TI - [Antistaphylococcal gamma globulin in the treatment of diseases of staphylococcal etiology]. PMID- 57260 TI - [In memory of N.D. Mikhailova]. PMID- 57261 TI - [Isoelectric focusing of human serum albumin in the boric-borate-buffer-mannitol system in the multicellular apparatus]. PMID- 57262 TI - [Possibility of isolation of monomeric immunochemically pure serum albumin]. PMID- 57263 TI - [Reaction of diffusion precipitation in agar gel by Ouchterlony in the diagnosis of broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis]. PMID- 57264 TI - [Determination of blood creatinine]. PMID- 57265 TI - [Certain changes in the construction of the chromatographs of the "Tsvet" series]. PMID- 57266 TI - [New supravital methods of cytochemical analysis of the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase in the blood cells]. PMID- 57267 TI - [Detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus by the method of immunofluorescence on erythrocytes sensitized with immunoglobulin]. PMID- 57268 TI - [Use of hemagglutination inhibition test for isolation of antibodies against the Japanese encephalitis virus]. PMID- 57269 TI - [Methods of obtaining standard diagnostic sera to respiratory syncytial virus]. PMID- 57270 TI - [Method of serological typing of Vibrios]. PMID- 57271 TI - [Detection of specific O-antigen in atypical cultures of Vibrio cholerae with the aid of immunochemical methods of study]. PMID- 57272 TI - [Isolation of surface K-antigen from Salmonella cholerae suis by the method of preparative electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and the study of its properties]. PMID- 57273 TI - [Method of simultaneous detection of lysozyme and bacteriocins produced by enterococci]. PMID- 57274 TI - [Bile agglutination reaction (BAR) as a method of diagnosis of carrier state of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi A and B]. PMID- 57275 TI - [Method of determination of lipolytic activity of biological fluids]. PMID- 57276 TI - [Improvement of the method of the H-agglutination reaction with Vibrios on glass]. PMID- 57277 TI - [Lymphocyte blast transformation reaction in the whole blood culture. Quantitative evaluation with the aid of a scintillation counter]. PMID- 57278 TI - [Comparative study of different methods of determination of tuberculin-fractional ESR]. PMID- 57279 TI - [Direct measurement of the retraction force of the fibrin clot from plasma or blood]. PMID- 57280 TI - [Method of thin-layer chromatography of lipids of the erythrocyte membranes]. PMID- 57281 TI - [Nature of distribution of the indicators of acid-base equilibrium of blood in healthy persons]. PMID- 57282 TI - [Determination of the indicators of acid-base equilibrium by the methods of conductometric titration]. PMID- 57283 TI - [Methods and evaluation of the results of tests with secretin and pancreozymin in clinical analysis of the condition of the exocrine portion of the pancreas]. PMID- 57284 TI - [Critical notes on the microchemical method of quantitative determination of blood serum lysozyme proposed by B.M. Kovalev]. PMID- 57285 TI - [Determination of lysozyme (muramidase) in urine]. PMID- 57286 TI - [Methods of separation of blood group antigens and certain human secretions mixed in the biological material]. PMID- 57287 TI - [Use of the universal antirhesus serum obtained by adsorption by gastric juice for different methods of determination of rhesus-compatibility]. PMID- 57288 TI - [Characteristics of biological activity of staphylococci isolated from sick children and carriers]. PMID- 57289 TI - [Characteristics of Staphylococci isolated at the burn center]. PMID- 57290 TI - [Importance of the lysozyme test in determination of potential pathogenicity of coagulase-negative Staphylococci]. PMID- 57291 TI - [Use of antiserum for detection of type A staphylococcal enterotoxin]. PMID- 57292 TI - [Method of determination and the nature of bactericidal effect of gastric juice]. PMID- 57293 TI - [Determination of the amount of fibrinogen in blood clots from the thrombelastograph cuvette]. PMID- 57294 TI - [Method of determination of erythrocyte resistance to physico-chemical factors]. PMID- 57295 TI - [Thrombelastograph in healthy persons of both sexes of 40-49 and 50-59 years of age]. PMID- 57296 TI - [Express method of measurement of specific gravity of urine]. PMID- 57297 TI - [Method of separate collection of urine and feces from 1-month-old infant boys]. PMID- 57298 TI - [Coprogram in ulcer disease before and after stomach surgery]. PMID- 57299 TI - [Use of glutaraldehyde as a method of aggregate-hemagglutination for isolation of antigens]. PMID- 57300 TI - [Nutrient medium for simultaneous detection of lecithovitellase activity and pigment production in staphylococci]. PMID- 57301 TI - [Isolation of beta-hemolytic streptococci from wounds and inflammation foci under condition of daily work in the laboratories of clinical bacteriology]. PMID- 57302 TI - [Comparative date on the tissue culture-biochemical and serological methods of study of streptococci of different serological groups]. PMID- 57303 TI - [Experience in obtaining group meningococcal antiserums (Sanitary-epidemiological station, Leninsk, Kzyl-Orlinsk district)]. PMID- 57304 TI - [In memory of Ekaterina Andreevna Kost]. PMID- 57305 TI - [Contribution of Professor Ekaterina Andreevna Kost to the development of laboratory diagnosis in USSR]. PMID- 57306 TI - [Cytochemical and functional characteristics of neutrophils in polycythemia]. PMID- 57307 TI - [Changes in erythropoiesis in liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 57308 TI - [Morphological composition of bone marrow under normal conditions]. PMID- 57309 TI - [Cytochemical study of granulocytes of bone marrow and peripheral blood in patients with scleroderma]. PMID- 57310 TI - [Erythropoietic activity of blood serum in prolonged complete starvation]. PMID- 57311 TI - [Principles of laboratory diagnosis of cysticercosis of the central nervous system]. PMID- 57312 TI - [Diagnostic importance of laboratory and serological analysis of blood and cerebrospinal fluid in cysticercosis of the posterior cranial fossa]. PMID- 57313 TI - [Method of determination of thiamine compounds in urine for the diagnosis of neoplasms]. PMID- 57314 TI - [Rapid diagnosis of poisoning with certain drugs of the phenothiazine series]. PMID- 57316 TI - [Rapid method of obtaining phenylpyruvic acid and its quantitative determination in urine]. PMID- 57315 TI - [Separation and quantitative determination of free amino acids in the tissues and blood by electrophoresis combined with thin layer chromatography]. PMID- 57317 TI - [Method of determination of lysozyme activity in the sputum and its fluctuations in pneumonia]. PMID- 57318 TI - [Comparative experimental study of the sensitivity of the methods of isolation of tuberculosis antigen with the aid of an antiserum]. PMID- 57319 TI - [Mathematical methods in laboratory diagnosis]. PMID- 57320 TI - [Clinical interpretation of the study of blood viscosity]. PMID- 57321 TI - [Clinical interpretation of the methods of diagnosis of hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 57322 TI - [Analysis of prostatic secretion]. PMID- 57323 TI - [Evaluation of modern methods of diagnosis of myoglobinuria]. PMID- 57324 TI - [Diagnostic significance of hyperglycemic curves in atherosclerotic psychosis]. PMID- 57325 TI - [Quantitative determination of glucose in erythrocytes]. PMID- 57326 TI - [Device for conducting the precipitation test for detection of C-reactive protein]. PMID- 57327 TI - [Modification of the hemolysis test for isolation of antituberculosis antibodies]. PMID- 57328 TI - Induction of long-term allograft survival by anti-immunoglobulin, anti-thymocyte serum, and donor antigen. PMID- 57329 TI - Preparation and antigenic properties of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone-7-bovine serum albumin conjugate. PMID- 57330 TI - Policy lessons of the Uniform Act; a response to comments. PMID- 57332 TI - International conference audio-visual communication in the life sciences. University of Warwick, September 1975. Keynote address. PMID- 57331 TI - Combined therapy in carcinomas of the female breast. AB - Of 606 female breast cancers treated, 364 of them in stage I, II and III, only 7 cases were in stage I. All stage II and III cases in good general condition received radical preoperative irradiation to the entire breast volume and the regional lymphatic areas over a period of 4 wk, followed 4 wk later by a radical mastectomy. No postoperative irradiation was administered. The biological basis of this therapeutic policy is explained in detail and the 5-yr disease-free survival of patients in relation to stage of disease, treatment method, histology of the primary tumor, histologic nodal metastatic status, postradiational status of the breast primary, the menstrual status of the patient, and the general metabolic status is discussed. It is explicitly shown by meticulous histological study of the breasts and the axillary lymph nodes removed at surgery that radical irradiation per se is inadequate to sterilize the breasts and that subsequent radical surgery is essential. Furthermore, two-thirds of the stage III cancers, which would have been considered inoperable by conventional criteria, were rendered operable by preoperative irradiation, with a near 50% 5-yr disease-free survival. PMID- 57333 TI - [Editorial: Break for opium research]. PMID- 57334 TI - One drug (phenytoin) in the treatment of epilepsy. AB - Thirty-one, previously untreated, adult outpatients with idiopathic or focal grand-mal and/or focal minor seizures were treated initially with phenytoin. Serum-phenytoin concentrations were monitored to achieve an optimum range of 10 20 mug/ml if necessary. With a mean duration of follow-up of 14-7 months, only three (10%) patients have required the addition of a second drug, although without the guidance of serum concentrations sixteen (54%) might have been treated with a further drug. In the optimum serum-phenytoin range only 1 grand mal attack occurred in this series, compared with a mean pre-treatment grand-mal seizure-rate of 1-1/month. Serum phenytoin declined slowly in fourteen (45%) patients. These observations suggest that many epileptic patients could be satisfactorily treated with one drug instead of the polypharmacy which they usually receive. PMID- 57335 TI - Doxorubicin/B.C.N.U. chemotherapy for multiple myeloma in relapse. AB - A combination of doxorubicin ('Adriamycin") and B.C.N.U. (1,3 di[2-chloroethyl]-1 nitrosourea) (30 mg/m2 of each intravenously every 3-4 weeks) was used to treat thirteen multiple-myeloma patients who did not respond or were in relapse after remission produced by alkylating-agent/prednisone therapy. All cases were staged according to total-body myeloma-cell number and followed quantitatively for response to therapy. Seven of the thirteen patients responded (54%). Two had complete clinical remissions and a greater than 75% reduction in tumour-cell mass lasting 12 and 16 months. Five others had partial remissions with lesser degrees of tumour-mass reduction and bone pain and improved haemoglobin and serum-albumin concentrations. Toxicity was limited to occasional myelo-suppression, mild alopecia, and nausea. The results indicate the usefulness of doxorubicin/B.C.N.U. for myeloma patients who have relapsed during previously effective alkylating agent therapy. PMID- 57336 TI - Coronary arteriographic findings in type-II and type-IV hyperlipoproteinaemia. AB - Coronary arteriography was performed in 46 patients with type-II and type-IV hyperlipoproteinaemia. Type-II patients had a high prevalence of main left coronary disease and of distal coronary atherosclerosis, while type-IV patients usually had disease localised to the proximal coronary tree. These differences may be related to the differing plasma-lipoprotein patterns in these two syndromes. PMID- 57337 TI - Enhanced antibody responses in active chronic hepatitis: relation to HLA-B8 and HLA-B12 and porto-systemic shunting. AB - Titres of antibodies to rubella, measles, smooth muscle, nuclei, and Escherichia coli were examined in relation to the presence of particular histocompatibility antigens in 57 patients with active chronic hepatitis, 8 of whom were HBsAg positive. With the exception of antibodies to E. Coli, the HBsAg-negative patients with HLA-B8 or HLA-B12 had higher titres than those with neither, and antibody titres were highest in the 7 cases with both these histocompatibility antigens. In contrast, E. coli antibody titres were not related to the presence of particular histocompatibility antigens but correlated closely with the degree of portosystemic shunting. None of the HBsAg-positive patients possessed HLA-B8, and titres of all the antibodies were significantly lower than in the HBsAg negative cases. The increased antibody response in HBsAg-negative patients is likely to be due to a genetically determined increase in immunological responsiveness for which HLA-B8 and HLA-B12 are markers. The results obtained in healthy family members also suggest that this defect in immunoregulation is under polygenic control. PMID- 57338 TI - Renin/angiotensin system in hypertension after traumatic renal-artery thrombosis. AB - Hypertension was found in four patients after unilateral renal-artery thrombosis following blunt abdominal trauma. In one patient, who was followed up from the time of injury, renin hypersecretion and secondary aldosteronism developed within a few days, and hypertension was present 12 weeks later. Increasing haemoglobin and raised blood-erythropoietin concentrations were also found. In the three other patients, hypertension was found casually within 3 years of trauma. In all patients, unilateral renin production by the affected kidney was significantly increased. Nephrectomy of the diseased kidney corrected hypertension and endocrine abnormalities in all patients. The delayed onset of hypertension despite early activation of the renin/angiotensin/aldosterone axis accords with the course of events observed in experimentally induced hypertension in rats, and suggests that several weeks or even months are required for hypertension to develop after sudden renal-artery occlusion in man. Slowly acting mechanisms, probably initiated by hypersecretion of renin, may be responsible for the hypertension. PMID- 57339 TI - Relation between postphlebitic changes in the deep veins and results of surgical treatment of venous ulcers. AB - 41 patients with venous ulceration, investigated by ascending phlebography, had operations to ligate incompetent calf perforating veins. Recurrent ulceration developed within five years of operation in all 23 patients with evidence of deep vein damage on the initial phlebograms. Only 1 of the seventeen patients with normal deep veins had a recurrent ulcer during the same period of follow-up. Thus local surgery to the perforating veins in postphlebitic limbs was shown to be ineffective. PMID- 57340 TI - Radiotherapy in treatment of acute rejection of human renal allografts. AB - 36 patients who received a renal transplant and who subsequently underwent a rejection episode were randomised into two groups. The first group received a standard form of rejection therapy consisting in high doses of steroid drugs, and the second group received in addition 600 rads of radiotherapy to the graft. After three years (minimum follow-up twelve months) the groups were compared with respect to patient and graft survival and level of transplant function. No benefit was obtained by the group receiving radiotherapy. PMID- 57341 TI - Antilymphocyte globulin in the treatment of advanced Sezary syndrome. AB - Two patients with Sezary syndrome, refractory to conventional treatment, were given cyclophosphamide and antilymphocyte globulin (A.L.G) Both patients showed improvement. One patient subsequently died from widespread varicella and the other relapsed later. It is concluded that A.L.G. may be effective in this condition. PMID- 57342 TI - Editorial: Haemolytic uraemic syndrome of young women. PMID- 57343 TI - Editorial: Antitoxin in treatment of tetanus. PMID- 57344 TI - Editorial: Asbestos in the air. PMID- 57345 TI - Editorial: The pain paradox. PMID- 57347 TI - Editorial: Menstrual regulation. PMID- 57346 TI - Editorial: Sodium bicarbonate in cardiac arrest. PMID- 57348 TI - Childhood seizures: a 25-year follow up. Social and medical prognosis. AB - Over 200 children from a group of 628 were followed up after 25 years. The children were identified as having had at least one seizure. Particular attention was given to the long-term prognosis in relation to medical, social, and educational problems. Although nearly two-thirds of the sample suffered minimal ill-effects, the problems of the remainder were considerable. 10-1% had died. Of the survivors 11-2% were confined to institutions, and 6-6% were invalids at home. Just under a quarter had chronic epilepsy. While overall the educational achievement of the sample was good, there was also a considerable number of educational problems. Continuing epilepsy was associated with greatly reduced educational and occupational achievement compared with the group in remission. The study reveals the considerable cost of epilepsy to the community in both human and material terms. It also reveals why epilepsy is regarded as a frightening illness. PMID- 57349 TI - Clinical chemistry reporting. Problems and proposals. AB - The completed report is the most obvious interface between the laboratory and the clinician. An unattractive, uninformative, or confusing report may fail to do justice to an excellent analytical service. Unfortunately, relatively little effort has been expended on achieving the best possible report, and individual enthusiasm and initiative has led to widely diverse practices in reporting. There is an urgent need for standardisation of report formats and it is suggested that all reports should include guidance on abnormality, be in cumulative format, and contain a realistic statement of analytical reliability. PMID- 57350 TI - Letter: Consultants' work load. PMID- 57351 TI - Letter: Care of the elderly. PMID- 57352 TI - Letter: Farmer's lung: a neglected antigen. PMID- 57353 TI - Letter: Fatal embolism despite heparin treatment. PMID- 57354 TI - Letter: Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratios and sex incidence of respiratory-distress syndrome. PMID- 57355 TI - Letter: Which college for haematology? PMID- 57356 TI - Letter: Plasma-tryptophan in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 57357 TI - Letter: Pollution in our operating-theatres. PMID- 57358 TI - Letter: Radiofrequency in the operating-theatre. PMID- 57359 TI - Letter: Peripheral white-blood-cell culture and leukaemic relapse. PMID- 57360 TI - Letter: Acute diabetic abdomen. PMID- 57361 TI - Letter: Autonomic dysfunction in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 57362 TI - Letter: Alpha-2 macroglobulin and reduced basement-membrane degradation in diabetes. PMID- 57363 TI - Letter: Coeliac disease and autoimmunity. PMID- 57364 TI - Letter: Plasma-V.I.P. in ulcerative colitis. PMID- 57365 TI - Letter: Gastritis varioliformis, allergy, and disodium cromoglycate. PMID- 57366 TI - Letter: Contact infection from live varicella vaccine recipients. PMID- 57367 TI - Letter: Mortality from lung cancer. PMID- 57368 TI - Letter: Intra-erythrocyte lithium ion concentration and long-term maintenance treatment. PMID- 57369 TI - Letter: Locked units and locked wards. PMID- 57370 TI - Letter: Baclofen in schizophrenia. PMID- 57371 TI - Letter: Diabetes without glucagon. PMID- 57372 TI - Letter: Dietary fibre redefined. PMID- 57373 TI - Letter: Antithyroid antibodies in Alport's syndrome. PMID- 57374 TI - Letter: Hyphens. PMID- 57375 TI - Letter: Breathing control in liver disease. PMID- 57376 TI - Letter: Infecting dose of Salmonella. PMID- 57377 TI - Letter: Whooping-cough vaccination. PMID- 57378 TI - Letter: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and bedsores. PMID- 57379 TI - Letter: Anticonvulsants and fetal malformations. PMID- 57380 TI - Letter: Diphosphonate and calcitonin in Paget's disease. PMID- 57381 TI - Letter: Hypertransfusion of children with malignancy. PMID- 57382 TI - Letter: Benign breast lesions and osteolysis. PMID- 57383 TI - Letter: Obstetric delivery today. PMID- 57384 TI - Letter: Search for microbes in arthritis. PMID- 57385 TI - Letter: Follow-up needed? PMID- 57387 TI - Letter: Nocturnal wheeze and mite sensitivity. PMID- 57386 TI - Letter: Smoking and the fetus. PMID- 57388 TI - Letter: Prevention of respiratory-distress syndrome by antepartum dexamethasone. PMID- 57389 TI - Short-course triple chemotherapy for diagnosis of tuberculosis. PMID- 57390 TI - Letter: Artificial ventilation and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in acute respiratory failure. PMID- 57391 TI - Letter: Recurrence of Reye's syndrome. PMID- 57392 TI - Henry Edward Hutchison. PMID- 57393 TI - Terence Mannix Moylett. PMID- 57394 TI - Editorial: Human babesiosis. PMID- 57395 TI - Editorial: Total knee replacement. PMID- 57396 TI - Editorial: Cyproterone acetate. PMID- 57397 TI - Editorial: Poliomyelitis today. PMID- 57398 TI - Editorial: Some toxic chemicals in food. PMID- 57399 TI - Editorial: Consultation, participation, or communication? PMID- 57400 TI - Clinical freedom and professional freedom. PMID- 57401 TI - Bladder cancer in rubber workers. Do screening and doctors' awareness distort the statistics? AB - The use of recognised carcinogens in the rubber industry before 1950 led to the introduction of screening progammes offering urinary cytology to workers who had been exposed. Publicity given to the introduction of these programmes and to individual claims for compensation have increased medical practitioners' awareness of a relationship between work and the industry and the subsequent development of bladder cancer. In this study 27 rubber workers and 88 controls registered in 1966 and 1967 with bladder cancer have been followed. A comparison of their death-rates and of the relative frequency of bladder cancer recorded on the death certificates should indicate whether cytological screening or doctors' awareness might explain a recent rise in the bladder-cancer death-rate in this industry. Since the proportions of rubber workers and controls who died before 1976 were similar (74% and 73% respectively) and bladder cancer was mentioned with similar frequence on their death certificates (80% and 83% respectively) neither screening nor doctor's awareness would appear to have an important influence. PMID- 57402 TI - Behaviour in a medical clinic of patients with well-controlled bronchial asthma. AB - Patients with well-controlled bronchial asthma coming to a university health services clinic exhibited often irritating and sometimes unusual social behaviour. For example, they were more likely to arrive late for an appointment, or not to show up for it at all, than non-allergic healthy patients, patients with perennial rhinitis, patients with seasonal rhinitis, or patients being investigated for cardiac disease. Such behaviour may be just as much a sign of bronchial asthma as is coughing or wheezing. PMID- 57403 TI - Letter: Serum-H.D.L. in atherosclerotic heart-disease. PMID- 57404 TI - Letter: Routine testing for alpha-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid. PMID- 57405 TI - Letter: Standardisation of alpha-fetoprotein assays. PMID- 57406 TI - Letter: Diagnostic reagents for alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 57407 TI - Letter: Amniotic-fluid somatomedin A and fetal C.N.S. damage. PMID- 57408 TI - Letter: Iv-vitro fertilisation. PMID- 57409 TI - Letter: Fragment of sheep beta-lipotropin with morphine-like activity. PMID- 57410 TI - Letter: Hunt for renal hypertension. PMID- 57411 TI - Letter: Which prostitute valve? PMID- 57412 TI - Letter: Do tricyclic antidepressants work? PMID- 57413 TI - Letter: Diuretic-induced hypertriglyceridaemia. PMID- 57414 TI - Letter: Gastric ulcer and cimetidine. PMID- 57415 TI - Letter: Breast-cancer services. PMID- 57416 TI - Letter: Marathon runners and impending heart-attacks. PMID- 57417 TI - Letter: Survival after myocardial infarction. PMID- 57418 TI - Letter: Levamisole in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 57419 TI - Letter: Antenatal radiography and the ten-day rule. PMID- 57420 TI - Letter: Systemic lupus erythematosus and Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 57421 TI - Letter: Maturity of medical students. PMID- 57423 TI - Letter: Laparoscopy in liver disease. PMID- 57422 TI - Letter: Allelic restriction. PMID- 57424 TI - Letter: IgE, parasites, and allergy. PMID- 57425 TI - Letter: Treatment for achalasia. PMID- 57426 TI - Letter: Collagen and osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 57427 TI - Letter: Future of inhalational anaesthesia. PMID- 57428 TI - Letter: Headache and blood-pressure. PMID- 57429 TI - Letter: "Significance" in medical statistics. PMID- 57430 TI - Letter: Growth of Chlamydia trachomatis in cell culture. PMID- 57431 TI - Letter: Beta blocker and blood viscosity. PMID- 57432 TI - Letter: E.M.I. scan and head injuries. PMID- 57433 TI - Letter: Infectivity of serum containing HBsAg and antibody to e antigen. PMID- 57434 TI - Alphonsus Liguori d'Abreu. PMID- 57435 TI - George William Gale. PMID- 57436 TI - Robert William Cope. PMID- 57437 TI - Man in transit: Biochemical and physiological changes during intercontinental flights. AB - Fifteen members of the passengers and crew of a plane flying from Buenos Aires to London have been studied, before, during, and after the 20-hour flight. Even allowing for circadian variation, there were clear rises in the urinary excretion of noradrenaline in the first part of the flight, and of both noradrenaline and adrenaline in the 2 days afterwards. PMID- 57438 TI - Brain damage in National Hunt jockeys. AB - Five National Hunt jockeys have been found to have post-traumatic encephalopathy- three with epilepsy and two with significant intellectual and psychological deterioration. Closer supervision is needed. PMID- 57439 TI - Treatment of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine. AB - In a small open trial nineteen patients with active duodenal ulceration shown by fibreoptic endoscopy were treated with a 6-week course of cimetidine 1.6 g daily. Seventeen had healed ulcers on repeat endoscopy at 6 weeks. Seven of these have relapsed symptomatically within a month of withdrawal of cimetidine. No statistically significant change in the haemoglobin, white-blood-cell count, urea and electrolytes, or liver-function tests was associated with treatment. Plasma creatinine showed a very small but significant rise but the mean level remained within the normal range. The significance of this is not clear. PMID- 57440 TI - Immunoglobulins within human small-intestinal Paneth cells. AB - Human duodenal, jejunal, and ileal samples obtained at necropsy and by peroral and surgical biopsy, were studied by light microscopy using the unlabelled antibody enzyme method for imunocytochemical staining of lysozyme and immunoglobulins. Paneth cells contained IgA and IgG, but not IgD IgE, or IgM. Staining intensity indicated that IgA and IgG were present in amounts greater than in other epithelial cells. There was pronounced variation in the immunoglobulin content of Paneth cells. Rat Paneth cell containing IgA and lysozyme and are capable of the phagocytosis and degradation of microorganisms. These observations suggest that human Paneth cells may have similar functional capabilities. PMID- 57441 TI - Transfer-factor therapy in multiple sclerosis. AB - The effect of transfer factor prepared from relatives of patients with multiple sclerosis (M.S.) and from unrelated donors on the clinical course of M.S. has been studied in fifteen male and fifteen female patients. Some patients were given transfer factor and some placebo (physiological saline). Results of three independent clinical examinations by different neurologists and subjective assessments by the patients showed no difference between those given transfer factor and those given placebo. PMID- 57442 TI - Cystic fibrosis heterozygosity in the pathogenesis of allergy. AB - 47% of cystic fibrosis (C.F.) heterozygotes had positive prick skin tests of 1 or more of 9 antigens and 53% had histories of allergic disease, both occurring significantly more often than in a control group. Since 1 in 20 of the population are C.F. carriers, this would contribute to allergy in the community. PMID- 57443 TI - Possible dual role for vasoactive intestinal peptide as gastrointestinal hormone and neurotransmitter substance. AB - Vasoactive intestinal peptide (V.I.P.) has been found in high concentrations both in the gastrointestinal tract and, unexpectedly, in the central nervous system. Immunocytochemical studies have demonstrated V.I.P. in nerve-fibers. These findings challenge the concept of V.I.P. as a simple gastrointestinal hormone and suggest a possible neurotransmitter function. PMID- 57444 TI - Effect of "fractionated" insulins on total plasma insulin binding capacity and insulin requirements in severe diabetes. AB - Serial observations of insulin requirement and total plasma insulin binding capacity have been carried out on six xevere diabetics whose treatment was changed from standard soluble and isophane (NPH) insulins to "fractionated" preparations (Nordisk Insulin Ltd). No correlation was found between initial insulin dose and binding capacity, but changes in these two functions during the study period were closely correlated, both for the group as a whole and for individual patients in whom falls in insulin dose occurred. It is concluded that highly purified insulins could be valuable in the treatment of insulin-resistant cases, that their use is frequently associated with a gradual reduction in insulin dose, and that estimation of total plasma insulin binding capacity may indicate which patients are most likely to benefit from fractionated insulin. No sudden change in insulin requirement was seen on changing to purified insulin preparations. PMID- 57445 TI - Breast and thyroid cancer and malignant melanoma promoted by alcohol-induced pituitary secretion of prolactin, T.S.H. and M.S.H. AB - In interview data from the U.S.A.'s Third National Cancer Survey, alcohol ingestion was associated with a higher occurrence of cancers of the breast, thyroid, and amlignant melanoma. Data from other studies support the first two associations. A unifying hypothesis to explain these seemingly diverse associations suggests that alcohol stimulates anterior pituitary secretion of prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.), and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (M.S.H.). Under the stimulations of these hormones, the three target tissues exhibit increased mitotic activity and hence an increase susceptibility to the development of a malignancy. A wide variety of findings from other studies indicate plausibility for this hypothesis. The implications could be grave. In addition to alcohol, several common drugs acting in similar manner could be cancer promoters, including: resperine, methyldopa, phenothiaznes, d-amphetamine, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihistamines. Over 20000 (25%) ofall new breast cancer cases each year in the U.S.A. could be preventable if this hypothesis is correct. PMID- 57446 TI - Predicting outcome in individual patients after severe head injury. AB - Clinical data available in the first few days after severe head injury have been collected prospectively on 600 patients from Glasgow and the Netherlands and stored on computer; the patients in the two countries were similar in initial severity and in their outcome on a defined scale at 6 months. Calculated predictions of outcome were made in 200 randomly selected cases, using Bayesian statistics to compare the data from each patient with those from the 400 remaining cases whose outcome was known. Confident predictions (greater than 0-97 probability) were made in 44% of cases within the first 24 hours of coma, and in 52-61% when data up to 3 days were available. The higher confidence-rate occurred when prediction was limited to two outcomes (death or survival). Comparison of predicted with actual outcomes showed that 96-98% of confident predictions were correct. More logical clinical decisions should be possible when these predictions are available. PMID- 57447 TI - Anabolic effect of low doses of a fragment of human parathyroid hormone on the skeleton in postmenopausal osteoporosis. AB - Parathyroid hormone, injected daily in low dosage, exerted anabolic effects on the human skeleton, just as it does in the rat. Four postmenopausal women with primary osteoporosis were treated for six months with a synthetic fragment of human parathyroid hormone (hP.T.H. 1-34), given as a daily injection of 100 mug. This treatment caused a remarkable acceleration of bone turnover, indicated both by isotopic tracer and histological methods. At this normocalcaemic dose level, the increases in bone formation outweighed increases in resorption. Three of the four patients showed more positive calcium balances, and mean increases in calcium and phosphorus balances were statistically significant for the group as a whole, the changes being principally due to increased intestinal absorption of both elements. Many modifications of the present method of hormone administration are possible which could further increase the preponderance of anabolic effects. These results suggest that low doses of hP.T.H. 1-34, alone or in combination with other agents, may prove useful in the treatment of osteoporosis. PMID- 57448 TI - Long-term prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis by oestrogen. Evidence for an increased bone mass after delayed onset of oestrogen treatment. AB - Treatment of 63 oophorectomised women with oestrogen for five years prevented the reduction in bone mineral content observed in 57 women treated with a placebo preparation. When onset of therapy was delayed for three to six years there was a highly significant increase in bone mineral content mainly during the first three years of treatment. During the next two years there was no further increase in bone mineral, while the placebo-treated groups continued to lose bone at about 1% per annum. In association with the changes in bone mass, the expected biochemical effects of oestrogen therapy also persisted for at least three years, and were compatible with a prolonged increase in parathyroid activity but a reduction in bone turnover. PMID- 57449 TI - Place of azathioprine for Crohn's disease. AB - The clinical effects of azathioprine have been compared with those of corticosteroids in a group of 112 patients who have come under the care of a single unit between 1963 and 1975. There is no clear evidence that azathioprine alters the course of the disease in the long term; it is of value in obtaining a remission, particularly when the disease affects the large intestine. PMID- 57450 TI - HLA-B27 and frozen shoulder. AB - Histocompatibility antigens were determined in 38 patients with frozen shoulder and 216 normal blood-donors. HLA-B27 was significantly more common in patients with frozen shoulder (42%) than in the controls (10%). The distribution of the other 19 histocompatibility antigens was similar in the patient and control groups. This result may be associated with the suggested immunological pathogenesis of the condition. PMID- 57451 TI - Controlled trial of 1apha-hydroxycholecalciferol in chronic renal failure. AB - 24 patients with chronic renal failure (glomerular filtration-rate (G.F.R.) 5-25 ml/min) participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of the effects of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1alpha-H.C.C.) 1 mug daily for eleven weeks. This treatment induced significant increases in the intestinal absorption of calcium and in plasma-calcium which reached normal levels within two weeks. It also induced a significant reduction of the raised serum levels of parathyroid hormone. No significant changes were induced in plasma-phosphorus, plasma alkaline-phosphatase, or in the degree of bone mineralisation as measured by the phosphorus/hydroxyproline ratio in bone. The bone mineral content in the forearm measured by photon absorptiometry decreased to the same extent in the 1alpha H.C.C. groups and in the placebo group. The fall in G.F.R. over eleven weeks was 2-5 times greater in the 1alpha-H.C.C. group than in the placebo group, but this difference was not significant. It is concluded that 1alpha-H.C.C. treatment in chronic renal failure does not affect the progressive loss of calcium from bone despite normalisation of plasma-calcium. PMID- 57452 TI - Isolated temporary pharyngeal paralysis in childhood. AB - Three children developed dysphagia and rhinolalia indicating isolated paralysis of the ninth and tenth cranial nerves. They recovered completely after three to four weeks. The clinical features suggested an infectious aetiology. PMID- 57453 TI - Renin dependency of blood-pressure. Analysis by angiotensin II antagonist P113 in hypertensive patients treated with salt depletion and propranolol. AB - The effect of infusion of the angiotensin II antagonist P113 on blood-pressure (B.P.) has been studied in 10 patients with various forms of hypertension under four different conditions: before and after salt depletion and with or without propranolol treatment. The fall in B.P. after P113 infusion significantly correlated with log P.R.A. (plasma-renin activity), irrespective of diagnosis or treatment. P113 infusion caused a consistent fall in B.P. only after sodium depletion. The changes in B.P. after P113 infusion and those induced by propranolol correlated only during sodium depletion, when P.R.A. values rose. It is concluded that sodium depletion induced "renin dependency" of B.P. in all patients. The decrease in B.P. renin dependency after propranolol therapy suggests that suppression of P.R.A. is one of the antihypertensive mechanisms underlying the action of this drug. PMID- 57454 TI - Fertility patterns after discontinuation of use of oral contraceptives. AB - Investigation of the fertility-rate after discontinuation of use of oral contraceptives shows that the monthly rate consistently follows an oscillatory pattern. This pattern appears to be unique to women who have discontinued the use of oral contraceptives. It may result from synchronisation of a previously unrecognised natural cycle, rebound changes in the reproductive system following steroidal contraception, or an infertile period associated with early intrauterine mortality. PMID- 57455 TI - Sense with Sengstakens. PMID- 57456 TI - Editorial: Paraquat poisoning. PMID- 57457 TI - Editorial: Tropical splenomegaly syndrome. PMID- 57458 TI - Editorial: Intravenous fat. PMID- 57460 TI - Editorial: When do gallstones matter? PMID- 57459 TI - Editorial: Adrenergic-neuron and beta-receptor blockade in hypertension. PMID- 57461 TI - Editorial: The radioallergosorbent test. PMID- 57462 TI - Editorial: The nose and leprosy. PMID- 57463 TI - Clinical pharmacology in a district general hospital. PMID- 57464 TI - Protection by pertussis vaccine. Little cause for concern. AB - It was estimated from a survey of 418 children aged three weeks to twelve years with bacteriologically confirmed whooping-cough that about 95% of vaccinated children are protected by current vaccine. Protection could be increased even further by the greater use of adsorbed rather than plain vaccine and by closer adherence to a vaccination schedule. The lower incidence of infection, resulting from widespread acceptance of this highly effective vaccine, would also greatly reduce the exposure of infants who are too young to be immunished themselves; and eradication ow whooping-cough would be in sight. PMID- 57465 TI - Letter: Obstetric delivery today. PMID- 57466 TI - Letter: Thyroid hormones in serious non-thyroidal illness. PMID- 57467 TI - Letter: Emigration and internal loss of pathologists. PMID- 57468 TI - Letter: A professor emigrates. PMID- 57469 TI - Letter: Consultants' work load. PMID- 57470 TI - Letter: Consultant involvement in planning super specialties. PMID- 57471 TI - Letter: National Health Service Consultants' Association. PMID- 57472 TI - Letter: What price the S.C.O.R.? PMID- 57473 TI - Letter: Whooping-cough vaccination. PMID- 57474 TI - Letter: Prognostic significance of serum-lysozyme in A.M.L. PMID- 57475 TI - Letter: Asbestos in the air. PMID- 57476 TI - Letter: Fetal scalp electrodes. PMID- 57477 TI - Letter: Breast cancer and preceding breast disease. PMID- 57478 TI - LETTER: Liver tumours and oral contraceptives. PMID- 57479 TI - Letter: Law of the initial value. PMID- 57480 TI - Letter: Macrophages in amniotic-fluid cell-cultures. PMID- 57481 TI - Letter: Spinal-fluid lysozyme in diagnosis of central-nervous-system tumours. PMID- 57482 TI - Letter: Hectopascals for pressure. PMID- 57483 TI - Letter: Human lymphocytes and mouse red cells. PMID- 57484 TI - Letter: E-rosette-forming cells in mother and newborn. PMID- 57485 TI - Letter: Social stigma and tuberculosis. PMID- 57486 TI - Letter: C.S.F. and release of pituitary hormones. PMID- 57487 TI - Letter: Risk ratios. PMID- 57489 TI - Letter: Levamisole and agranulocytosis. PMID- 57488 TI - Letter: Thymine-requiring bacteria. PMID- 57490 TI - Letter: Levamisole in angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. PMID- 57491 TI - Letter: Renal autotransplantation in the treatment of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 57492 TI - Letter: Cigarette sales. PMID- 57493 TI - Letter: Mineral-oil cancers. PMID- 57494 TI - Letter: Aspartylglycosaminuria in Northern Norway. PMID- 57495 TI - Letter: IgAs/iGE in digestive secretions. PMID- 57496 TI - Letter: HBsAg hazard in blood and bone-marrow smears. PMID- 57497 TI - Letter: Elemental constitutents of gallstones. PMID- 57498 TI - Letter: Triple drug reaction. PMID- 57499 TI - Letter: Acrodermatitis enteropathica and cellular immune deficiency. PMID- 57500 TI - Letter: Myocardial injury during open-heart surgery. PMID- 57501 TI - Letter: Red-cell deformability. PMID- 57502 TI - Letter: Viruses in endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. PMID- 57503 TI - Harold Mason Foreman. PMID- 57504 TI - Disorders of bone and fracture of the femoral neck. Evaluation of computer image analysis in diagnosis. AB - The quantity of bone and osteoid has been measured in undecalcified sections of iliac-crest biopsy specimens taken from patients with fracture of the femoral neck. A control group of bone samples was obtained from post-mortem material. The 'Quantimet 720' image-analysing computer system was used to measure the area of bone and osteoid. An eye-piece graticule was used to measure the proportion of bone-surfaces covered with osteoid, and there was good correlation between the results obtained by these two methods. Little difference was found between the proportion of bone in the fracture and control groups, but the fracture group contained many more individuals with an increased proportion of trabecular osteoid measured with the quantimet and of osteoid-covered surfaces measured with an eyepiece graticule. PMID- 57505 TI - Variable response to long-term 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol in haemodialysis osteodystrophy. AB - Ten uraemic patients on regular haemodialysis were treated with 1alpha hydroxycholecalciferol (1alpha-H.C.C.) for 5 to 14 months. Five patients who had histological osteitis fibrosa with or without osteomalacia responded well, with resolution of musculoskeletal pain, return of raised serum-alkaline-phosphatase concentrations to normal, resolution of radiological subperiosteal erosions, and improvement in histological signs of osteitis fibrosa and osteomalacia. In these patients 1alpha-H.C.C. proved a safe and effective drug. Five other patients did not improve. Characteristically these patients started with moderately severe histological osteomalacia and minimal, if any, osteitis fibrosa. Proximal myopathy was a prominent symptom and serum-alkaline-phosphatase was normal in four of them. Treatment with 1alpha-H.C.C. resulted in early troublesome hypercalcaemia, and repeat bone histology 5--11 months later showed no improvement. It is suggested that in these patients lack of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol may not have been wholly responsible for the observed osteomalacia, hence 1alpha-H.C.C. alone was ineffective. Phosphate depeltion may have been an important contributing factor. PMID- 57506 TI - Premenstrual tension and functional infertility. Aetiology and treatment. AB - 17 women with premenstrual symptoms received bromocriptine (CB 154) and placebo in a double-blind crossover manner. 5 because pregnant and 10 who completed 2 cycles showed significant improvement in breast symptoms, oedema, weight gain, and mood with bromocriptine. Prolactin concentrations were suppressed. In 34 women with premenstrual symptoms, who had been warned of possible increased fertility, bromocriptine 2-5 mg twice daily from the 10th day of the menstrual cycle for 1--11 months gave marked or complete relief. 45 women attending the infertility clinic took 2-5 mg bromocriptine twice daily for 186 cycles; 23 became pregnant, 2 had marked relief and 20 complete relief from premenstrual symptoms. The relief of premenstrual symptoms by bromocriptine may be due to suppression of prolactin concentrations, which may be a major factor in premenstrual syndrome. PMID- 57507 TI - Treatment of early cancer of the breast: Histological staging and role of radiotherapy. AB - The clinical progress of 350 patients with early cancer of the breast was reviewed. In a five-year follow-up after simple mastectomy routine postoperative radiotherapy conferred no demonstrable benefit on those with histologically negative lymph-nodes. When the regional nodes were involved in the malignant process, radiotherapy led to an increased mortality in the early stages, but did reduce the incidence of local recurrence. PMID- 57509 TI - Pancreatic-polypeptide response to food in duodenal-ulcer patients before and after vagotomy. AB - In 21 normal fasting subjects basal serum-pancreatic-polypeptide (H.P.P.), as measured by a specific radioimmunoassay, was 43 +/- 4 pmol/l (mean +/- S.E.M). This basal concentration was of the same magnitude as that of other gastrointestinal peptide hormones. In normal subjects the H.P.P. response to food was bisphasic. A rapid eightfold increase, reaching a maximum 20--30 min after beginning of the meal, was followed by a secondary, prolonged increase. H.P.P. did not return to basal concentration within five hours. 14 duodenal-ulcer (D.U.) patients were studied before and after truncal vagotomy. Before operation the D.U. patients had higher basal H.P.P. concentrations than the normal group (110 +/- 40 pmol/l) whereas their H.P.P. response pattern to food was similar to that of the normal subjects. After vagotomy the primary rapid increase in H.P.P. concentration was eliminated and the secondary, prolonged response was significantly reduced (P less than 0-005). The results indicate that H.P.P. is a digestive hormone under vagal control. PMID- 57508 TI - Circulating hormone concentrations in women with breast cancer. AB - Multiple plasma-hormone concentrations were measured in sequential plasma-samples from six women with breast cancer and were compared to concentrations in six control women matched for age, years since menopause, and parity. All hormone concentrations in all the women studied were within normal limits. However, within the normal range the plasma-testosterone concentrations in each cancer patient were significantly higher than in each matched control. PMID- 57510 TI - Anorectal disease in patients with non-haematological malignancy. AB - A frequent and previously uncharacterised association of anorectal inflammatory disease in seven of twenty-two patients undergoing therapy for nonhaematological malignancy is described. Sepsis and secondary pulmonary infection were distant complications of the anorectal lesions. The degree of granulocytopenia induced by chemotherapy appears to be the major predisposing factor. Management includes early surgical intervention, and preventive measures specific for this patient population. PMID- 57511 TI - Enzyme inducation as a possible cause of increased serum-trigylcerides after oral contraceptives. AB - Serial studies on twenty patients before and during oral-contraceptive therapy demonstrated a significant positive association between serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (G.G.T.) activity and triglyceride concentrations, both of which rose after treatment. The association between serum G.G.T. and triglyceride, and their increase after treatment with oral contraceptives, may reflect hepatic microsomal enzyme induction of both the rate-limiting enzymes of triglyceride synthesis, and G.G.T. PMID- 57512 TI - Distribution of a bombesin-like peptide in human gastrointestinal tract. AB - The bombesin group of hormonal peptides produced in the amphibian skin have powerful actions on the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. In man a bombesin-like material was found in an endocrine cell which is widely distributed in the gastrointestinal mucosa. This has tentatively been identified as belonging to the non-enterochromaffin cell groups. The large number of cells containing a bombesin like peptide suggests that this substance may be important in human physiology. PMID- 57513 TI - Hydrogen breath test: Adaptation of a simple technique to infants and children. PMID- 57514 TI - Editorial: Plasmapheresis and immunosuppression. PMID- 57515 TI - Editorial: The diaphragm and breathing. PMID- 57516 TI - Editorial: The diagnosis of autonomic dysfunction. PMID- 57517 TI - Editorial: Early cancer of the breast: the way ahead. PMID- 57518 TI - Editorial: Parasites which migrate to the brain. PMID- 57519 TI - Editorial: Joint care planning. PMID- 57520 TI - Comparison of antibody responses and reactivity of "Alice" and WRL 105 strain live influenza vaccines. AB - Groups of 45 adult volunteers were vaccinated intranasally with a single dose of either "Alice" or WRL 105 strain live influenza vaccines. Seroconversion rates against A/Scotland/840/74 were significantly greater following administration of WRL 105 but seroconversion rates against A/England/42/72, A/Port Chalmers/1/73, A/Finland/4/74, A/Victoria/3/75, and A/England/864/75 did not differ significantly between the two vaccines. Poor antibody responses were elicited by both "Alice" and WRL 105 strains against A/Victoria/3/75 and A/England/864/75. No severe reactions followed the administration of either vaccine. PMID- 57521 TI - A nutrition rehabilitation centre for children with xerophthalmia. AB - A nutrition rehabilitation centre for treatment of children with xerophthalmia was established in Madurai, India. Treatment was based on provision of locally available food, rich in protein and beta-carotene and cheap enough for the families concerned to buy at home. This diet alone, with general medical treatment for other diseases, was sufficient to reverse conjunctival xerophthalmia and corneal xerosis. Children with more severe xerophthalmia received additional vitamin A. The records of 296 children followed up for between two months and three years were analysed. The results of treatment at the centre seemed as good as those produced by more expensive, and usually unobtainable, hospital treatment. Participation of the mother in buying, cooking, and sharing the food given to her child was of some educational value. PMID- 57522 TI - Letter: Computerised axial tomography in spongy degeneration. PMID- 57523 TI - Letter: E.M.I. and radioisotope brain imaging. PMID- 57524 TI - Letter: Liver nodules and androgens. PMID- 57525 TI - Letter: Oral contraceptives and malignant hepatic tumours. PMID- 57526 TI - Letter: Obstetric delivery today. PMID- 57527 TI - Letter: Macrophage electrophoretic mobility test. PMID- 57528 TI - Letter: Mortality from coronary heart-disease. PMID- 57529 TI - Letter: Warfarin and fetal abnormality. PMID- 57530 TI - Letter: Addition of drugs to intravenous fluids. PMID- 57531 TI - Letter: Do tricyclic antidepressants work? PMID- 57533 TI - Letter: Dietary fibre redefined. PMID- 57532 TI - Letter: Pituitary function and intermittent cytotoxic and corticosteriod therapy. PMID- 57534 TI - Letter: Effect of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on jejunal water and electrolyte transport in man. PMID- 57535 TI - Letter: Ulcerative colitis and disodium cromoglycate. PMID- 57536 TI - Letter: Colonic involvement in salmonellosis. PMID- 57537 TI - Letter: Small infectious doses of salmonella. PMID- 57538 TI - Letter: Remission induction in acute lymphoid and acute myeloid leukaemias. PMID- 57539 TI - Letter: Drug-withdrawal syndromes. PMID- 57540 TI - Letter: Radiation exposure during cardiac catheterisation. PMID- 57541 TI - Letter: Excision of pilonidal sinus. PMID- 57542 TI - Letter: Serotyping of E. coli. PMID- 57543 TI - Letter: Professional freedom. PMID- 57544 TI - Letter: Suspension of consultant psychiatrist. PMID- 57545 TI - Letter: Zinc research, an environmental hazard? PMID- 57547 TI - Letter: Antibody production in Goodpasture's syndrome. PMID- 57546 TI - Letter: Highly purified insulins. PMID- 57548 TI - Letter: Farmer's lung: a neglected antigen. PMID- 57549 TI - Letter: Differential leucocyte-counts on Coulter counter model S. PMID- 57550 TI - Letter: Digital vasospasm with bromocriptine. PMID- 57551 TI - Letter: Lithium and thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 57552 TI - Letter: Brain damage in jockeys. PMID- 57553 TI - Letter: Severe hypotension during infusion of saralasin. PMID- 57554 TI - Letter: Gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 57555 TI - Letter: Alcohol and cancer of breast and thyroid. PMID- 57556 TI - Letter: Rising rates of congenital dislocation of the hip? PMID- 57557 TI - Letter: Endometrial carcinoma and oestrogen therapy for breast cancer. PMID- 57558 TI - Brian Wilberforce-Smith. PMID- 57559 TI - John B. Jepson. PMID- 57560 TI - Cytology of nasal secretions: further diagnostic help. AB - Nasal cytograms, as an aid to diagnosis of pathological conditions of the nose and paranasal sinuses, have not been adopted by the majority of otolaryngologists. This situation exists because of technical problems with the preparation of a slide and the difficulty in finding someone competent and interested in its interpretation. The work of the Bryans has provided an analysis of the cytology of nasal secretions. Adopting their methods, we have been using the nasal cytogram in clinical practice and find it helpful in determining appropriate therapy for problems encountered in otolaryngological practice. In the authors' experience, profuse nasal mastocytosis is a consistent finding in cytograms from patients having varied symptoms that are associated with hypersensitivities that are not accompanied by positive objective findings. This is especially true in patients with constantly recurring headaches and those with a chronically obstructed nose. Once many mast cells are found by the cytogram, attempts are made to relieve these patients by selective dietary restrictions. These attempts are often successful. The nasal cytogram is also used to help explain periodic symptom flares in the long term allergy patient undergoing immunotherapy for inhalants, by identifying superimposed viral and bacterial infections. PMID- 57561 TI - [Tumor antigens in the diagnosis of gastroenterological diseases (author's transl)]. AB - History, biochemical properties, techniques and normal range of carcino-embryonic proteins and their applications in clinical diagnosis are reviewed in detail. The importance of alpha1-fetoprotein, colon embryonic antigen, fetal sulfoglycoprotein, alpha2H-globulin and Regan-isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase is discussed for carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract, other malignant tumors and benign gastroenterological diseases. The results of prospective studies in cancer high risk patients and the indications for the determination of carcino embryonic proteins in gastroenterology were described. PMID- 57562 TI - [The effect of serum potassium levels on the heart in patients with heart diseases]. PMID- 57563 TI - [Supraventricular re-entry-tachycardias in the classical WPW syndrome. Findings of bundle-of-His electrography]. PMID- 57564 TI - [Hemodynamics after prindolol and digitalis in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - In 20 patients with acute myocardial infarction hemodynamic controls were performed after digitalisation and following i.v. injection of 0,4 mg of Prindolol. Circulatory changes were most pronounced 5-15 min after Prindolol injection and consisted of decrease in heart rate of 7%, mean arterial blood pressure of 6%, cardiac output of 10,5%, stroke volume index of 5,1% and left ventricular work of 18%. An increase of pulmonary wedge pressure of 17%, pulmonary pressure of 9%, mean right atrial pressure of 16% and peripheral arterial resistance of 6% were calculated. In 5 cases a favourable effect on extrasystoles and in 2 cases on sinus tachycardia were observed. Not infrequently, during the initial phase of acute myocardial infarction, a hyperadrenergic state may be noted. Prindolol may be indicated, when circulatory changes or arrhythmias are suspect to be the result of this hyperadrenergic stimulation. A simultaneous digitalisation may inhibit a more intensive cardiodepression. PMID- 57565 TI - [Modern diagnosis of thyroid gland function using nuclear medicine methods]. PMID- 57566 TI - [Plasma level studies of quinidine retard, their significance for dosage and onset of effect]. AB - A new sustained-action preparation of quinidine-bisulfate (BM-Chinidin Retard) was investigated in 21 patients. After a single oral dose of 1 g peak plasma levels are reached within 3-4 hours with an unsubstantial decrease during the following 4 hours. After 2 g in three divided doses within 12 hours maximal plasma levels are found after 14-16 hours, but an effective level is reached as early as 4 hours after the first dose. With 1 g Chinidin retard given in two doses within 24 hours, varying plasma concentrations are reached after 24 hours, reaching a maximum after 48 hours and decreasing to a medium level thereafter. The minimal concentrations measured were 23 percent lower than the maximal concentrations suggesting that during longterm application rather stable plasma levels are achieved. The effectiveness of the preparation was demonstrated in patients with atrial fibrillation and flutter, supra-ventricular and ventricular premature beats. Longterm treatment was attempted in all patients. Quinidine effectiveness and plasma concentrations were constant throughout the observation period. Side effects were rare: inappetence, vertigo, and headache were observed transiently in 4 patients without necessitating a change in medication. ECG alterations occurred as described for quinidine-prepartions in general. PMID- 57568 TI - Signs tell patients where to go. PMID- 57567 TI - [Antiarrhythmic treatment of ventricular ectropic arrhythmies with Disopyramide]. AB - Disopyramide (D.) is a new antiarrhythmic agent, which is not related chemically to any of the known substances. Animal experiments have shown a close similarity to quinidine action. Side effects are mainly due to anticholinergic effects. Pharmacokinetic studies with radioactive labelled D. have demonstrated that 80 per cent are elimated via the kidneys and 15 per cent through the gut. Gastrointestinal reabsorption in 90 per cent. We have studied the antiarrhythmic properties of D. in ventricular ectopic arrhythmias in twenty male patients. There were 13 myocardial infarctions, 5 cardiomyopathies, one severe oartic regurgitation with prosthetic valve replacement, one case with VPB of unknown aetiology. In ten cases the influence of D. on ventricular excitation threshold in implanted pacemakers was studied. The effects were correlated with Disopyramide-plasma levels. D. was effective in suppressing VPB. It was successful in 67 per cent, in 30 per cent the effect was unsatisfactory. Pacemaker-threshold remained unaltered. Side effects included constipation. Two deaths were observed. Their relationship to the adminstration of D. is not definitely proved. Nevertheless should the drug because of its negative inotropic action be employed with caution in cases with congestive heart failure. PMID- 57569 TI - [Quantitative determination of glia-specific proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with MS (author's transl)]. AB - 150 cerebrospinal fluids from MS patients (85 cases) and patients with different neurological diseases (65 cases) were investigated for their glia-specific content. The demonstration was made quantitatively by means of modified passive hemagglutination tests. The brain-specific glycoprotein was examined for its possible endogenous antigen and/or antibody properties in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf). It could only be demonstrated in the CSF as antigen. CSF with a quantitatively detectable glia-specific protein content- recognizable by a significant increase in titer - were set in relation to other CSF parameters such as cell count, total protein and globulin ratio, and investigated for possible relationships to the clinical syndromes mentioned and their development. A firm correlation was found between the glia-specific protein content and the total protein content of the CSF with retained equivalence. PMID- 57570 TI - [The effect of disopyramide phosphate in extrasystole at rest and on exercise (author's transl)]. AB - The antiarrhythmic action of disopyramide phosphate was compared to placebo in a randomized double blind trial at rest and under physical exertion in two groups each of 10 patients with extrasystoles. The exercise was carried out on the bicycle ergometer in a recumbent posture in stages of 25 watts at 2 minutes each without a break to the limit of the individual. The extrasystoles were counted at fixed registration periods. It was shown that the number of extrasystoles in the disopyramide group was significantly lower in comparison to the placebo group (P less than 0.05). PMID- 57571 TI - [Experience in the treatment of islet adenomas (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical picture of insulinomas is discussed with reference to the literature and 27 of our own cases. The neurological symptoms are usually more prominent, so that the diagnosis is delayed. The average delay between the onset of the disease and its recognition was 4 years. Whipple's triad is characteristic of insulinoma. Of the chemical laboratory investigations, the hunger and tolbutamide tests are the most reliable for the diagnosis. Because of the danger of brain damage, there is an absolute indication for operation. Conservative treatment is burdened with numerous side effects so that it is only considered as a temporary measure or for inoperable patients. In the overwhelming majority of cases, enucleation of the tumors from the pancreas is successful. The cure rate after successful operation is about 80%. PMID- 57572 TI - Neural activity and ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 57573 TI - Inhibition of reverse transcriptases of primate type C viruses by 7S immunoglobulin from patients with leukaemia. PMID- 57574 TI - Molecular evidence for dual origin of mangabeys among Old World monkey. PMID- 57575 TI - Protection of spermatogenesis by alpha2u globulin in rats treated with oestrogen. PMID- 57576 TI - alpha foetoprotein and serum albumin show sequence homology. PMID- 57577 TI - [Serum viscosity and defibrinated blood sedimentation as a gauge for the gamma globulin level]. PMID- 57578 TI - [Lung disorders caused by drugs]. PMID- 57579 TI - [Chronic hepatitis following the use of drugs]. PMID- 57580 TI - [Experiments with splenohepatoplasty in the rat]. AB - The physiopathological premises for various methods of hepatic revascularisation are described and results wiht splenohepatoplasty in 40 rats are presented. This operation involves insertion of the upper pole of decapsulated spleen in the left hepatic lobe to create a new parenchymal supply and regenerate the liver cell. The clinical, functional and anatomopathological data are discussed. The experimental value of the procedure is asserted, though it is felt that no sure demonstration can be given of the establishment of newly formed vascular connections between the two organs. PMID- 57581 TI - [Esophagocolonoplasty in the palliative treatment of cancer of the esophagus]. AB - Treatment of cancer of the upper and middle thirds of the oesophagus is discussed. Should the condition be handled in radical or palliative fashion? In the light of the discouraging results obtained by most workers with radical therapy, palliative measures are favoured. Possible operations are listed and a personal case of palliative ileocolonesophagoplasty of about a year's standing and another operated on only two months previously are reported and preoperative and postoperative documentation given. PMID- 57582 TI - [Use of 48/80 in the diagnosis and therapy of allergic asthma]. AB - A review of the relevant literature is followed by the presentation of experimental and clinical results obtained with intradermal administration of the histamine releaser 48/80. The value of this substance in the diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma is stressed. PMID- 57583 TI - Immune response of premature infants to albumin. PMID- 57584 TI - Meeting the special needs of diabetics facing surgery. PMID- 57585 TI - [Investigations for evaluation of sensitivity and specificity of the seroreactions for syphilis with lipoidal and treponemal antigens (author's transl)]. PMID- 57586 TI - Loco-regional localization pattern of head and neck tumors treated with general chemotherapy (methotrexate and bleomycin). PMID- 57587 TI - [Heterogeneity of protein hormones in radioimmunoassay]. AB - Radioimmunoassay measures antigenic determinants of hormonal molecules in the plasma and tissues. These estimations carried out after fractionation in biological fluids, have revealed several immunological forms of the same hormone. These immunoreactive forms may be added to already well known elements of hormonal heterogeneity: formation of aggregate, polymerisation, links to transport proteins, microheterogeneity by silent mutation. The main problem is in the relationship of the various immunoreactive forms to the same hormonal sequence. The similar immunoreactive forms of high molecular weight (big hormone) usually have low biological activity and suggest the presence of prohormone; the suggestion of prohormonal nature depends on the chronology of the incorporation of labelled leucine and enzymatic transformation of prohormone with low biological into active hormone. The forms with high molecular weight and similar immunological activity may be of another nature. Thus, it has been shown that the biosynthetic nature of a compound such as big big insulin in the rat is doubtful owing to the absence of specific incorporation of labelled leucine into the immunoprecipitate of this fraction. The significance of low molecular weight forms is still little known. There may be breakdown products, biologically active products or biosynthetic products. An example of these forms is supplied by the existence of an alpha sub-unit of gonadotrophin present in the plasma of menopausal women. The interest of analytical methods by radio-receptor, stimulation of cyclase activity in the identification of biological activity of immunoreactive forms, is discussed in relation to immunological forms of enteroglucagon. An unusual aspect of the evolutive and adaptative character of hormonal heterogeneity is given by the gastro-intestinal hormones: secretin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and enteroglucagon, have similar structure and mode of action; however, the existence of a specific receptor is a sign of their functional differentiation at molecular level. PMID- 57588 TI - [Contribution to the isolation and study of the molecular weight of human factor VIII]. AB - The authors describe some properties of highly-purified factor VIII concentrates isolated from human plasma. The fraction containing "factor VIII-complex" (factor VIII procoagulant activity, factor VIII related antigen and von Willebrand factor) is homogeneous by analytical ultra-centrifugation and its sedimentation coefficient is (see article). By gel filtration in high ionic strength buffer a low molecular weight fraction (LMW) with factor VIII procoagulant activity stronger than plasma's one has been isolated. This LMW fraction contains neither factor VIII related antigens nor von Willebrand factor. Its molecular weight determined by gel filtration is approximately 250,000. PMID- 57589 TI - [The antigenic properties of human prolactin (author's transl)]. AB - The antigenic properties of human prolactin (HPr) were studied using various methods of radio-immuno assay. The homologous system, the difficulty of which resides in the preparation of the tracer, easily permits measurement of physiological levels. In this systems, blood prolactin in the monkey, has an antigenicity comparable with that of human prolactin, whereas growth hormone and human chorionic somatotropin have feeble or nil antigenic relationship with HPr. Human, sheep and pig prolactins have variable antigenic cross-reactions depending on the immune serum used. These antigenic cross reactions may be applied to the isolation of amniotic prolactin Human blood prolactin has several components of different molecular weight, but antigenicity comparable with that of pituitary HPr. PMID- 57590 TI - [Alpha-1 fetoprotein in obstetrical and gynecologic diagnosis]. PMID- 57591 TI - [Alpha-1 fetoprotein in fetal organs and tissue culture]. PMID- 57592 TI - [Correlations between alpha-1-fetoprotein and fetal maturity]. PMID- 57593 TI - [Alpha-1-fetoprotein in acute hepatites]. PMID- 57594 TI - [Research on the structure and biological properties of the nuclear DNA of Galliera sarcoma. 1. Chromatography of hydroxyapatite of native and heat denaturated DNA]. PMID- 57595 TI - [Serum alpha fetoprotein as a biochemical index of the maturity of the newborn infant]. PMID- 57596 TI - [Study on the persistence in the circulation of human anti-measles immunoglobulins]. PMID- 57597 TI - [Behavior of immunoglobulins in low birth weight newborn infants treated with gamma globulin and behavior of beta 1-C-1 A and beta 1 E globulins in the course of pathological episodes of the neonatal period]. PMID- 57598 TI - [Treatment of mycosis fungoides--an internordic project]. PMID- 57599 TI - [Medical regulations should guarantee "the right to death"]. PMID- 57601 TI - [Letter: Serum copper-iron imbalance in bronchopulmonary cancers and in severe pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 57600 TI - Alpha fetoprotein. PMID- 57602 TI - [Prevention of hepatitis A by polyvalent immunoglobulins. Study in a child population]. AB - A longitudinal study in a residential centre for the treatment of children with primary tuberculosis. PMID- 57603 TI - [Prevention of infections during the operative period in children by administration of gammaglobulins]. PMID- 57604 TI - [Voluntary sex determination and selection. Recent scientific attainments]. PMID- 57605 TI - Nursing care study: aortic valve replacement. PMID- 57606 TI - Theatre nursing care study: Heller's operation for a patient with oesophageal achalasia. PMID- 57607 TI - Nursing care study. 'Acute abdomen'. PMID- 57609 TI - Team spirit. PMID- 57608 TI - Nursing care study: trichobezoar. PMID- 57610 TI - [Behavior of globulin fractions in blood serum in chronic non-specific bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 57611 TI - Antihypertensive pharmacotherapy. PMID- 57612 TI - Results from a developmental screening clinic in general practice. PMID- 57613 TI - The management of allergic rhintis in general practice. PMID- 57614 TI - [Elimination of drug allergy in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 57615 TI - [Morphological tinctorial and biochemical properties of Mycobacteria and Nocardia]. PMID- 57616 TI - Bovine leukemia virus: an exogenous RNA oncogenic virus. AB - Short-term cultures of bovine leukemic lymphocytes release virus particles with biochemical properties of RNA oncogenic viruses. These particles, tentatively called bovine leukemia virus (BLV), have a high molecular weight RNA-reverse transcriptase complex and a density of 1.155 g/ml in sucrose solutions. Molecular hybridizations between BLV/[3H]cDNA and several viral RNAs show that BLV is not related to Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, simian sarcoma associated virus, feline leukemia virus, or avian myeloblastosis virus. These results were confirmed by hybridization between BLV 70S RNA and [3H]cDNA synthesized in the various viruses tested. The high preference of BLV reverse transciptase for Mg++ as the divalent cation suggests that BLV might be an atypical mammalian leukemogenic "type C" virus. DNA-DNA hybridization studies using BLV [3H]cDNA as a probe strongly suggest that the DNA of bovine leukemic cells contains viral sequences that cannot be detected in normal bovine DNA. PMID- 57618 TI - Immunologic and fine structure evidence of avidly bound host serum proteins in the surface coat of a bloodstream trypanosome. AB - Intact, washed Trypanosoma lewisi bloodstream forms, isolated from rats, were agglutinated specifically by antisera against rat whole serum, albumin, alpha2 macroglobulin, and IgG. However, trypsinized bloodstream and intact culture forms lacking surface coat were not agglutinated by these antisera. Trypsinized bloodstream forms, incubated in dilute rat or heterologous host serum proteins, were agglutinated with specific antisera. The characteristic surface coat of intact bloodstream forms was absent from trypsinized cells; however, trypsinized and serum-incubated bloodstream forms reacquired a surface coat similar to that of intact cells. Gel-diffusion and immunoelectrophoretic results showed that rat albumin, alpha2-macroglobulin, and IgG were present in the surface coat of bloodstream forms. Results of quantitative rocket immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that the adsorbed rat serum proteins constituted by weight about 5% of the trypanosome total surface coat protein. PMID- 57617 TI - Synthesis of murine leukemia virus proteins associated with virions assembled in actinomycin D-treated cells: evidence for persistence of viral messenger RNA. AB - Murine leukemia virus particles assembled in actinomycin D-treated cells were detected by determination of reverse transcriptase [RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (nucleotidyltransferase)] activity and by radioimmunoassay of the major virion protein, p30. The levels of enzyme activity and p30 protein were both 30-40% relative to the control over an 8 hr period, whereas after 3 or 4 hr infectivity was reduced by 95%. Thus, virions produced in the absence of RNA synthesis represent a fairly homogeneous population of defective particles. Although RNA synthesis is not necessary for virus assembly, protein synthesis is required. Treatment of cells with 10 mug/ml of cycloheximide reduced virus production by 80 85% within 2 hr, and by greater than 95% at later times. As might be expected from this finding, viral protein synthesis accompanies virus assembly in actinomycin D-treated cells. Newly synthesized proteins associated with the defective particles were identical with those found in standard virions and were present in the correct proportions. The results demonstrate that viral mRNA persists in cells in which RNA synthesis is blocked and continues to direct viral protein synthesis with a functional half-life of approximately 6-8 hr. Since viral mRNA is not packaged in virions even when viral RNA synthesis is shut off [Levin et al. (1974) J. Virol. 14, 152-161], we propose that murine leukemia virus-infected cells contain two nonequilibrating pools of intracellular viral RNA molecules, one associated with polyribosomes and one which is encapsidated into extracellular particles. PMID- 57619 TI - Antisera against electrophoretically purified tubulin stimulate colchicine binding activity. AB - Several rabbit antisera have been prepared against reduced and alkylated, electrophoretically purified tubulin isolated from chick brain. These antisera give a single precipitin line in Ouchterlony double diffusion plates when tested against partially purified tubulin, and label specifically microtubule- and tubulin-containing structures, such as mitotic spindles, cilia, and vinblastine induced crystals, in a variety of cells. The same antisera also display the unique ability to stimulate the colchicine-binding activity of tubulin preparations from chick brain and Chinese hamster ovary tissue culture cells. This specific stimulation of colchicine binding activity is also obtained with the gamma globulin fractions purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation of these antisera. PMID- 57620 TI - Evidence for circularization of the avian oncornavirus RNA genome during proviral DNA synthesis from studies of reverse transcription in vitro. AB - The RNA-directed DNA polymerase (deoxynucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase EC 2.7.7.7) of avian oncornavirus requires a tryptophan tRNA (tRNATrp) primer molecule located close to the 5' end of the viral RNA genome for the initiation of DNA synthesis in vitro. In this communication we demonstrate that the DNA product, transcribed from avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) 35S RNA containing only tRNATrp as primer, is located also at the 5' end of the RNA genome. More importantly, we demonstrate that these 5' terminal DNA transcripts contain nucleotide sequences complementary to the 3' end of the genome. We have interpreted these results to mean that the genome. We have interpreted these results to mean that the 3' and 5' termini of the AMV 35S RNA genome become juxtaposed with each other either before or immediately after DNA synthesis has begun. These results are discussed in regard to the mechanism for synthesis of the circular forms of oncornavirus proviral DNA. PMID- 57622 TI - The antigenicity of myosin and C-protein. PMID- 57621 TI - Pheasant virus: new class of ribodeoxyvirus. AB - Cocultivation of cells derived from embryos of golden pheasants or Amherst pheasants with chicken embryo cells infected with Bryan strain of Rous sarcoma virus resulted in the detection of viruses which appear to be endogenous in these pheasant cells. The pheasant viruses (PV) were similar to avian leukosis-sarcoma viruses (ALSV) in their gross morphology, in the size of their RNA, in the presence of a virion-associated RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (DNA nucleotidyltransferase; deoxynucleoside triphosphate: DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.7), and in their growth characteristics. PV also serves as a helper for the glycoprotein-defective Rous sarcoma virus. However, PV was shown to be different from both ALSV and reticuloendotheliosis virus in the following properties: (i) PV does not have ALSV group specific antigens; (ii) the protein composition of PV is different from those of the other two groups of viruses; (iii) PV fails to complement the defective polymerase of alpha type Rous sarcoma virus; and (iv) PV RNA shows no detectable homology with nucleic acids of the other two groups of viruses. Thus, PV appears to be a new class of RNA viruses which contain RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. PMID- 57623 TI - Nerve growth factor and some inherited neurological conditions. PMID- 57625 TI - [Radioimmunologic determination of alpha fetoprotein in diagnosis of primary tumors of the liver]. AB - The plasma level of alpha1-fetoprotein in 35 hepatic patients with a "cold" area showed by liver scanning has been detected by means of the radioimmunoassay technique. High levels (more than 320 ng/ml) of AFP were found in 4 cases of primary carcinoma of the liver; low concentration of AFP was found in 1 case of hepatoma. In 4 cases of liver metastasis the plasma levels of AFP were very low; the highest concentration (10 ng/ml) was found in a patient with a cancer of the colon. Low levels of AFP were found in all the cases (26) of hepatic cirrhosis, whereas high level of AFP was detected in 1 case of chronic hepatitis. The detection of alpha1-fetoprotein by the radioimmunoassay technique may be of value in the differential diagnosis between hepatoma and cirrhosis. PMID- 57624 TI - Biochemical characteristics of rat C-type virus WF-1. AB - The non-oncogenic rat C-type virus WF-1, isolated from a Wistar-Furth rat embryo cell line, was characterized biochemically. The purified virus has a buoyant density of 1.15 to 1.16 g/cm3 in sucrose, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) activity, and RNA with a sedimentation coefficient of 62 to 68 S. The viral RNA is single-stranded, and, upon treatment with heat, yields components with sedimentation coefficients of 36 S, 18 to 20 S, and 4 to 12 S. PMID- 57626 TI - [Results of the combined management of undifferentiated lung carcinoma]. PMID- 57627 TI - Efficacy of tri-tab (T3 uptake diagnostic kit) under extreme temperature conditions. AB - A new surface adsorbent technique has been compared with the widely used resin sponge T3 uptake method. The new technique has the desired attributes, correlates very highly with the resin sponge method (r = 0.93) and has been accepted as a simple, rapid and reliable method under normal temperature conditions. However, under extreme conditions (0-20 degrees C and 30-60 degrees C) the test is unreliable. PMID- 57628 TI - The dietary therapy of inherited metabolic disease. PMID- 57629 TI - [Clinical value of complement fixation tests with gonococcal antigen in the diagnosis of complicated gonorrhea]. PMID- 57631 TI - [The effect of donorspecific antigen type for active enhancement of renal allografts in the histoincompatible inbred rats (author's transl)]. AB - 49 kidneys of male LBNF1-rats were transplanted into male Lewis-rats. BN-rats were used as a source of antigen. Control animals survived 16.1 +/- 1.8 days. 5 recipients were preteated with donorspecific living cells, 7 with semisoluble and 5 with low dosage of soluble antigen. The living cell-pretreatment showed the best effect for the active enhancement, the soluble antigen the least. The pretreatment with 6 mg protein/kg bw. caused the sensibilization of recipients. At the time of transplantation lymphcytotoxic antibody titers were detected in all recipients with pretreatment of living cells, but no titer in other groups. Renal allografts with elevated postopertive titer were rejected rapidly. PMID- 57630 TI - Radioimmunoassay. PMID- 57632 TI - [Experimental xenografting in widely divergent species: Interaction of humoral factors in hyperacute xenograft rejection in the rat-dog system (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of this paper is to test serum factors which are by interaction with cells responsible for the HXAR. Special stress was laid upon the examination of different serum fractions with or without the presence of preformed natural antibodies. Xenohemoperfusion: Rat kidneys were isolated and perfused in vitro with both whole blood resp. serum fractions and various perpheral cells of dogs. Rejection criterion was the diminishing renal blood flow at a constant pressure of the perfusion. Perfusate: Dog serum fractions were isolated by means of carton electrophoresis into the following fractions: Albumin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta and gamma-globulin. Dog peripheral blood cells were separated into WBC, RBC and platelets by means of centrifugation and washing of EDTA whole blood. The serum fractions were tested for antibodies using hemagglutination and complement fixation techniques. 1. Hemoperfusion with serum fractions leads to a longer perfusion rate and to higher renal blood flow than perfusion with whole dog blood. 2. No preformed natural antibodies were found in the alpha-2 globulin fractions; however, perfusion with alpha-2 globulin fractions produced a rejection phenomenon both in combination with cells and erythrocytes. 3. Perfusion with serum fractions containing preformed natural antibodies produced a rejection only when WBC and thrombocytes were present. These results suggest that HXAR is induced by two different mechanisms: 1. The effect of humoral natural antibodies (found in the beta and gamma globulin fraction) together with peripheral cells. 2. The effect of a non-immunological humoral factor, found in the alpha-2 globulin fraction, leading to destruction of the xenogeneic organ, obviously to a minor degree dependent on interaction with peripheral cells. PMID- 57633 TI - Improving the specificity and yield of the contagious bovine pleuropneumonia complement fixation test antigen. AB - Several methods for increasing yield and specificity of the contagious bovine pleuropneumonia complement fixation test antigen which is derived from Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides, strain V5, were examined. Changes in culture conditions that increased the cell mass per unit volume of culture did not result in comparable increase in antigen yield. Sixteen to 60-day-old cultures yielded more boiled cell antigen than younger cultures. Some antigen in young cultures appeared to be masked, probably by galactan. The yield of antigen extracted from boiled cells with ethonol was as much for two to eight-day-old cultures as for older cultures. The ethanol extract antigen was less reactive with false positive bovine sera than standard boiled antigen while reactivity with anti Mycoplasma mycoides sera was similar to that of standard antigen. Adsorbed gamma globulin was not detected in either boiled or ethanol extract antigen. The data suggest that several complement fixing antigens were present in antigens derived from older cultures. PMID- 57634 TI - [Total parotidectomy preserving the facial nerve. Significance of preoperative parotidography by staining]. AB - The authors advise the carrying out of total partiodectomy with conservation of the facial nerve in all parotid tumors and supply a method of obtaining a truely radical parotidectomy by pre-operative vital staining. PMID- 57635 TI - Different types of ground glass hepatocytes in human liver biopsies: morphology, occurrence and diagnostic significance. PMID- 57636 TI - Ground-glass hepatocytes in unselected liver biopsies. ultrastructure and relationship to hepatitis B surface antigen. AB - 400 unselected liver biopsies were stained with aldehyde-thionin (AT) and examined for ground-glass hepatocytes (GGH). 1) AT-positive GGH were found in about half of all HBSAg-positive patients but were never seen in HBSAg-negative patients. 2) AT-positive GGH were observed in healthy HBSAg carriers and in all forms of chronic hepatitis but never in acute HBSAg-positive hepatitis. 3) AT negative GGH were occasionally seen in HBSAg-negative patients under drug treatment. 4) Ultrastructurally GGH showed proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum which only in AT-positive GGH contained filaments, 20-25 nm in diameter, within its cisternae. PMID- 57637 TI - IgA in commercial gamma-globulin preparations. AB - The presence of anti-IgA has been related to adverse reactions to injection or infusion of IgA-containing material. In this study IgA was demonstrated in all of the investigated commercial gamma-globulin preparations. In the material from a few producers it was, however, very low. By immuno-gel filtration it could be shown that the IgA consisted of aggregates as well as a 7S component and fragments. By immunoelectrophoresis-immunofluorescence IgG-IgA complexes could also be detected. The IgA aggregates could be almost completely degraded by reduction-alkylation. It is implied that such changed IgA in gamma-globulin preparations for injection may increase the risk of immunization against IgA. PMID- 57638 TI - Antibody activity of heavy and light chains and recombined IgG of human IgG anti D. AB - Four human sera with high titers of IgG anti-D were studied in recombination experiments with isolated heavy and light chain. The binding to the D antigen measured by hemagglutination with O,R1R2 erythrocytes was 30-60 times weaker with isolated anti-D heavy chains and with hybrids of anti-D heavy chains and pooled light chains than with the parent anti-D IgG. Light chains and hybrids of light chains from anti-D IgG and pooled heavy chains showed no binding. This indicates that the heavy chains are more important in antigen binding than the light chains in this system. It was also shown that the idiotypes need both heavy and light chains of the anti-D molecule to give a positive reaction with specific anti idiotypic antiserum. PMID- 57639 TI - The first isoallotype of human IgA proteins. An antigenic determinant occurring as allotype in the IgA2 subclass and as isotype in the IgA1 subclass. AB - An antigenic determinant that occurs on all IgA proteins except on IgA2 proteins of the A2m2 allotype is described. The determinant is an isoallotype, being an isotype of IgA1 and at the same time an allotype of IgA2 proteins. It is proposed that the symbol nA2m2 be used for the new determinant, where n stands for isoallotype (formerly nonmarker) and A2m2 refers to the allotype to which it is antithetically related. PMID- 57640 TI - Coexistence of protein AA and immunoglobulin light-chain fragments in amyloid fibrils. AB - Coexistence of amyloid fibril protein AA and homogeneous immunoglobulin light chain fragments was found in the isolated amyloid fibrils of two patients with amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis. The light-chain amyloid fibril protein showed antigenic identity with a light-chain amyloid from a patient with primary amyloidosis, which was identified as the VlambdaIV subgroup by amino acid sequence analysis. In the amyloid fibrils isolated from another patient with primary amyloidosis there was a mixture of VlambdaIV and VlambdaV homogeneous immunoglobulin light chains. Thus, a mixture of protein AA had lambda light chains or two different types of homogeneous light chains may be found in the amyloid fibrils of some patients. PMID- 57641 TI - Human agglutinins to rabbit erythrocytes. Characterization of an antigen. AB - Crude preparations inhibiting the agglutination of rabbit erythrocytes by pooled human serum were obtained by extraction of erythrocyte stromata with various solvents (chloroform/methanol, trichloroacetic acid, and so forth). Highest inhibiting activity was found in a preparation containing sphingoglycolipid; 0.8 mug inhibited 2 agglutinating units of serum. The active preparations retained their activity after 5 min of incubation in a boiling water bath and after treatment with proteolytic enzymes or neuraminidase. Treatment with periodate abolished the activity. The antigenic site is therefore probably determined by the sugars of the sphingoglycolipid. PMID- 57642 TI - Cytological changes in the urine in the form of inclusion-bearing cells, giant cells and haematuria after vaccination with inactivated influenza virus vaccine. A study with application of Millipore procedure and Papanicolaou staining. AB - Marked cellular reactions in the urine appeared after subcutaneous vaccination with inactivated influenza virus vaccine. Inclusion-bearing epithelial cells increased in 16 cases from 2.4 to 9.6% and erythrocytes from 2.5 to 16.2 per visual field. Pathological values for inclusion-bearing cells were found in 5 of 18 cases (28%), spherical giant cells in 3 (17%), and an abnormal number of erythrocytes in 7 (39%). Killed virus, lacking the capability of replication, thus gave rise both to the formation of inclusions and to fusion of cells within the epithelium of the kidneys and of the urinary tract, and also to haematuria. There was a striking resemblance to the reaction in 34 cases of uncomplicated influenza A2, but the inclusion-provoking effect of the vaccination dose was clearly weaker and the erythrocyturia somewhat less pronounced. As a rule the cellular changes after the vaccination quickly reverted to normal, but there were examples of elevated values still existing after 6 months. Two patients had a high inclusion content and haematuria persisting for 3 and 4 years, one of whom following influenza A2. Influenza and influenza vaccinations may be the cause of certain instances of chronic benign haematuria. PMID- 57643 TI - Cephazolin sodium in the management of complicated urinary tract infection. AB - Forty-three patients were treated with cephazolin sodium, a parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic for 45 episodes of urinary tract infection complicated by a variety of underlying conditions. In 42 episodes, there was a satisfactory clinical response, and in 37 episodes this was associated with elimination of the bacterial pathogen from the urine. In 21 out of 31 patients available for examination 3 months later, the urine was still free of bacteria. A relatively prolonged plasma half-life and high urinary concentrations of the drug permit successful treatment of urinary tract infections with injections given only twice daily. PMID- 57644 TI - Viruses, polymerases, and cancer. PMID- 57645 TI - Recent advances in viral hepatitis: part I. PMID- 57646 TI - Serologic differences in strains of Sporothrix schenckii. AB - To obtain evidence that Sporothrix scheneckii enters the body by contact with contaminated materials, the antigenic property of strains from different sources was investigated. The reciprocal absorption test of the antisera against a soil isolate and a human isolate (KO 4606) showed that the absorbed antisera against KO 4606 possessed unique antigen(s) in addition to the common antigen of both strains. Twenty-three clinical isolates were tested with absorbed antisera. Not all of them possessed the unique antigen(s), but there were serologic varieties among S. schenckii strains, regardless of their sources, clinical type of the disease and the morphology of the yeast phase cells. PMID- 57647 TI - [Tyyne Jalolla is honored]. PMID- 57648 TI - Recent advances in cardiac surgery in the young infant. PMID- 57649 TI - [Clinico-immunochemical studies of certain acute-phase proteins in rheumatism]. PMID- 57650 TI - [Congenital atrial tachysystole (long-term observation)]. PMID- 57651 TI - Electron microscopic, histochemical and disc gel electrophoretic studies on the deoxycholate soluble proteins from human plantar horny layers. AB - The matrix proteins of human plantar horny layers were extracted with deoxycholate, purified and examined with the light and electron microscopes, and their histochemical characteristics were investigated. About 44.3% of the total proteins was released into the 270,000 X g supernatant fraction, following incubation with deoxycholate, and the precipitate obtained by dialysing this supernatant fraction consisted of fine granular materials which were found to be electron dense, round material under the electronmicroscopy. Small electron dense dots were seen on the surface of this material. This pellet was positive with Pauly's reagent, toluidine blue and Harris hematoxylin-eosin. However, the material further purified by the molecular sieve chromatography was negative with Pauly's reagent. And it had been proved to be of keratohyalin granules origin by the indirect immunofluorescent study. Another protein fraction which was obtained by the molecular sieve chromatography was positive with diazotized sulfanilic acid and showed tinctorial properties as keratohyalin granules show in vivo. PMID- 57652 TI - Delayed neurotoxicity of leptophos: toxic effects on the nervous system of hens. PMID- 57653 TI - Folded retinas in rat fetuses: artifacts produced by fixation in alcohol. PMID- 57654 TI - Ford EJ. PMID- 57655 TI - [Etiologic therapy of virus stomatitis]. PMID- 57656 TI - The metabolic fate of chlormadinone acetate in the baboon. AB - The metabolic fate of chlormadinone acetate (17alpha-acetoxy-6-chloro-4, 6 pregnadiene-3, 20-dione; CAP) was studied in intact and biliary fistula baboons. The steroid was labeled with 3H at position 1 and with 14C at the carboxyl moiety of the 17alpha-acetate, thus affording the opportunity to ascertain the loss of the 17alpha-acetoxy group and the fate of both labels. The averages of the radioactivity excreted, given as percentages of the amounts injected, and the standard deviations were as follows: In the urine of intact animals after 6 hours, 5.7 +/- 0.2% and 5.5 +/- 0.7% of the 3H and 14C were recovered, respectively. After 6 days, there was 17.5% of the 3H and 16.2% of the 14C in the urine plus 15.3% of the 3H and 16.4% of the 14C in the feces. In baboons with biliary fistulas, the total radioactivity excreted was 7.8 +/- 0.7% of the 3H and 11.6% of the 14C in the urine, and 30.9 +/- 4.4% of the 3H and 30.7% of the 14C in the bile after 6 hours. Glucosiduronates were the predominant conjugates in the urine and bile. The similarity in the urinary excretion of radioactivity in the first 6 hours in intact and biliary fistula animals, the relatively low excretion of radioactivity in the bile and after 6 days in the urine, and the low fecal excretion suggest that the metabolites of CAP are not involved in an extensive enterohepatic circulation in the baboon. Deacetylation of the 17alpha acetate in CAP was detected in the early collection periods of the urine and bile and constituted a very small percentage of the injected compound. No significant oxygenation of CAP at position 1 was detected. The metabolism of CAP is discussed and compared to our previously reported data on the metabolism of progesterone, ethynodiol diacetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate and the data on other progestogens reported in the literature. It appears that the excretion of CAP is significantly slower in the baboon than that of the other progestogens. The amounts of glucosiduronates of CAP and/or its metabolites formed in vivo are less than those formed with the other progestogens. Also, the extent of deacetylation of the 17alpha-acetate of CAP is much less than that of the 3beta-acetate of ethynodiol diacetate. PMID- 57657 TI - Death psychology, science fiction, and the writings of Stanley G. Weinbaum. PMID- 57658 TI - [A method of submacroscopic study of the whole human breast (author's transl)]. AB - A method of submacroscopic study of the whole human breast is described. Breasts are removed surgically or at autopsy. Serial thin sections (2mm.) are defatted, stained, clarified, preserved in sealed plastic bags, observed under a dissecting microscope and photographed. The lesions found are interpreted and removed for histological examination. The method is simple, allows a careful and complete study of the glandular lesions and appears to be suitable for studies on origin and development of human breast cancer. PMID- 57659 TI - [Is "ideal prostatic adenomectomy" possible?]. PMID- 57660 TI - [Unusual complication - vesico-small intestine fistula after prostatic adenomectomy]. PMID- 57661 TI - New look at pelvic exenteration. AB - Our experience with 18 patients undergoing pelvic exenteration for advanced primary or recurrent pelvic malignancies is presented. Only one postoperative death was noted, and morbidity was minimal despite the advanced age and high incidence of radiotherapy failures seen in our patients. Although no improvement in cure of malignancy has been seen in this small series, appreciable periods of symptom-free life have been achieved in patients who were previously incapacitated by extensive pelvic pain, fistulas, sepsis, hemorrhage and urinary fecal incontinence. Because of the symptomatic palliation obtained in our experience, with minimal morbidity and mortality, we have developed a liberal attitude toward the use of pelvic exenteration in the management of selected patients with extensive pelvic malignancy, even when cure is not anticipated. PMID- 57662 TI - Binding of group A streptococci to human oral mucosal cells by lipoteichoic acid. PMID- 57663 TI - Immunosuppression by alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 57664 TI - [Influence of technological processes on the residual level of pesticides in meat products]. PMID- 57665 TI - Infectious proviral DNA in human cells infected with transformation-defective type C viruses. PMID- 57666 TI - Murine sarcoma virus defectiveness: serological detection of only helper virus reverse transcriptase in sarcoma virus rescued from nonmurine S + L-cells. PMID- 57667 TI - Effect of interferon on exogenous, endogenous, and chroniv murine leukemia virus infection. PMID- 57668 TI - Induction of an endogenous B-tropic type C RNA virus from SWR/J mouse embryo cells in tissue culture. PMID- 57669 TI - Identification of infectious virions which are vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotypes of murine type C virus. PMID- 57670 TI - Nucleotide sequence homologies among mouse mammary tumor viruses. PMID- 57671 TI - [Late results of the treatment of thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 57672 TI - [Determination of nitrogen oxides in the exhausts of internal combustion engines following the modified Saltzman technic]. PMID- 57673 TI - [Lipodystrophia intestinalis (Whipple's disease)--a rare origin of a sprue syndrome]. AB - An own case of lipodystrophia intestinalis (Whipple's disease) of a male patient who was 41 years old at the time of the first admission is reported and discussed using literature. The biopsy of the small intestine is of decisive importance for the establishment of the diagnosis as well as for the long-term therapy with antibiotics (1 g oxytetracycline a day). PMID- 57674 TI - [Hazards of hyperthyroidism therapy]. AB - It is reported on the competitive methods of treatment of hyperthyroidism and their side-effects, whereby special value is laid to the choice of the method, the consideration of late complications and the observation of the therapy. With the help of casuistic instances complications such as postoperative exacerbation of hyperthyroidism, postoperative hypothyroidism as well as the sequelae of irrelevant dosage of the antithyroidal medicaments are explained. PMID- 57675 TI - [Reflex-dystrophic pseudo-arthritis or Sudeck syndrome (author's transl) ]. AB - Local bone- and tissue dystrophies identical with Sudeck's syndrome and progressing in 3 stages are called reflex dystrophies. In the 1st and 2nd stages complete recovery is possible, in the 3rd stage only irreversible dysptrophic ankylosing defect-healing. Etiologic significance of causal factors discussed is not certain. In, initially similar, inflammatory and rheumatic arthritis often only the further course and radiologic appearance provide a diagnosis. So far we have no desirable clear definition of reflex dystrophic conditions. PMID- 57676 TI - [Conservative treatment of prostatic adenoma]. PMID- 57677 TI - [Alpha-fetoprotein in the diagnosis of tumors in children]. PMID- 57678 TI - [Serological test for beta 1-G-globulin in the immunodiagnosis of trophoblastic tumors of the uterus]. PMID- 57679 TI - [Chemico-radiation (complex) treatment of cancer of the esophagus]. PMID- 57680 TI - [Sub-ppm determination of thiouraciles applicated as thyreostatics in meat by high pressure liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. AB - The thyreostatics 2-thiouracile, 4-methyl-2-thiouracile, and 2-propyl-2 thiouracile were extracted from meat and determined by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography to a limit of about one ppb. PMID- 57682 TI - [Palliative osteosyntheses]. PMID- 57681 TI - [Studies on the genesis of so-called Sjogren cells in supravital preparations]. AB - 1. The effect of the LE-cell factor lies in nuclear blockade; the normal degenerative nuclear swelling and lysis is inhibited. 2. The time of the nuclear blockade and thus the appearance of the LE-bodies depend on the activity of the LE-serum. 3. High-titred sera lead to an early nuclear blockade. Small, rigid, dark, clump-like LE-bodies appear rapidly and are fully phagocytosed. 4. Our experiments have shown that with decreasing activity of the LE-sera the nuclear blockade appears later and more slowly. Such LE-bodies are relatively large and homogenous and have lost some rigidity. They are correspondingly late and only partly phagocytosed. So-called granulocytic and monocytic Sjogren-cells appear. 5. We found that quantitative differences of the causal factors lead on the one hand to LE-cell formation, on the other to the partial phagocytosis phenomenon. Therefore, we prefer not to label the Sjogren-cells as pseudo-LE-cells. 6. It has again been shown that the standardized supravital preparation is not only a simple method for demonstrating LE-cells, but is also superior to other methods used because of its greater specifity and sensitivity. Besides the judgement of cell vitality, many hours after making the preparation phagocytosis can be observed. PMID- 57683 TI - [Elastic structures in cancerous tumors of the breast]. PMID- 57684 TI - [Perspectives on the development of a streptococcal vaccine]. PMID- 57685 TI - [Resection syndrome following transurethral resection of the prostate]. AB - The essence and clinical aspects of the resection syndrome occurring in association with transuretheral prostate resection and the possiblity of determining the direction of the absorption of the washing solution are discussed. By means of radioisotope tests a direct correlation was detected between the extent of the haemorrhage and the intravasation of the washing solution. Great importance is ascribed to the vesico-renal reflux often occurring during resection, which might have a major role in the development of post resectional pyelonephritis. PMID- 57686 TI - [Palliative treatment of nonresectable cardia tumors using esophago-jejunal bypass]. AB - Transdiaphragmal internal bypass with Roux's loop is believed to be the best solution for non-resectable primary or secondary tumorous obstructions in the region of the cardia. Of 26 cases subjected to such an operation, 3 patients died. The indication of bypass operations must not be extended at the cost of palliative (and even less of radical) resections. On the contrary, in the surgery of gastric tumours these operations aim to improve operability. It is believed that internal palliative solutions might finally replace the external ones, since the former intervention offers definite nutritional and moral advantages. PMID- 57687 TI - Mortality after laparotomy. A 10-year series. AB - The Department of Surgery at the University Hospital, Linkoping has 133 beds and serves a population of 130000. During the 10-year period 1962-1971 35039 in patient operations were performed, of which 16719 (48%) were laparotomies. If fracture surgery and urological operations are excluded (during the relevant period these specialties were included under General Surgery) the proportion of laparotomies becomes 67%. Of patients subjected to this procedure 431 (2.58%) died. The mortality for appendicectomy was 0.2%, for gall-bladder surgery 1.3%, for gastric surgery 8.1%, for colon surgery 11.9% for small-gut surgery (including ileus) 15.2%, and for pancreatic surgery 22.2%. Over and above the target organ, malignancy and age exceeding 50 years appear to have contributed greatly to a lethal outcome. PMID- 57688 TI - Endocrine effects of two new retro-steroids in animal models and in women. PMID- 57689 TI - Endocrine function in patients with pituitary adenoma before and after hypophysectomy. PMID- 57690 TI - Unexpected findings with the new chromosome banding techniques in a patient formerly diagnosed as having G-deletion syndrome II. AB - A girl is described, who, upon her first admission to our pediatric department in 1965, was supposed to have G-deletion syndrome II on the base of the chromosome findings in routine orcein-stained preparations and her clinical aspect. When, however, in 1972 a Q- and G-banding analysis was performed, the patient seemed to be a t(14q+; 22q-) translocation carrier. These findings are discussed in relation to the known heterogeneity of the clinical picture of patients previously reported as having a G-deletion syndrome and in whom no banding studies were done. Finally, the need for more extensive studies with the different techniques is stressed, particularly, in cases of Gq- chromosomes, of which the familial occurrence is suggestive of a hidden reciprocal translocation. PMID- 57691 TI - Leucocyte morphology and chromosome morphology. AB - The banding techniques currently employed in human cytogenetics for the identification of the individual chromosomes have been used to stain PHA lymphocytes and circulating leucocytes. The capacity of these techniques to localize singular chromosomes or chromosomal regions has been investigated. It has been observed that among the four major categories of bands (Q, G, E and R) only the quinacrine staining is informative in interphase nuclei, because of its peculiarity to stain the long arm of the Y chromosome and few other heterochromatic regions. Interphase nuclei treated according to the C-bands show the presence of several heterochromatic masses, corresponding to the centromeric areas of individual chromosomes, but as such they cannot be recognized accurately. More specific and selective techniques, like G-11 and G-Y protocols, appear to be suitable to localize the centromeric regions of chromosome no. 9 and and long arm of Y chromosome. Variation of the incubation time in the alkali saline solutions and of pH values have proven to be appropriate for the demonstration of other heterochromatic regions in interphase nuclei and in circulating leucocytes. The "nuclear" approach to study of specific heterochromatic regions of human chromosomes may be of practical interest into the investigation of several biological problems and into the detection of individuals carrying chromosome variants. PMID- 57692 TI - Enzymatic destruction of the elastic lamella at the mouth of cerebral berry aneurysm? An ultrastructural study with special regard to the elastic tissue. AB - Destruction of the elastic tissue is probably an acquired lesion and is decisive for the appearance of cerebral arterial aneurysms at the sites of congenital media defects. The elastic component in the mouths of aneurysms has therefore been studied by electron microscopy, using two new staining methods, i.e. ruthenium-red staining and prolonged osmium-tetroxide treatment. The hypertrophic, duplicated, elastic lamellae showed a disintegration of their luminal portions not earlier described. In close connection with the disintegrated portions, extracellular lysosome-like granules were observed. It is hypothesized that discharged leucocyte grannules containing elastase help to destroy the elastic lamellae. PMID- 57693 TI - A long-term comparative study of the mammalian larynx, based on whole organ serial sectioning. AB - The paper includes brief details of a long term three-dimensional study into the fine structure of the mammalian larynx using whole organ serial sections. Differential staining, including Glees silver technique, is essential if maximum information is to be gained. A specially designed punch card will enable any future investigator to rapidly retrieve relevant information and it is expected that specimens of all available mammalian larynges will be included. Illustrations are included in this paper of the cat, dog, horse and mongoose. PMID- 57694 TI - The cochlear nuclei in monkeys after dihydrostreptomycin or noise exposure. AB - The cochlea and the cochlear nuclei in monkeys subjected to dihydrostreptomycin treatment or loud noise are investigated. Their cell populations are compared with the findings in the normal monkey. PMID- 57695 TI - [Antigenicity of gliadin and antibodies against gliadin]. PMID- 57696 TI - A case of carcinoid syndrome followed for eight years after palliative liver resection. PMID- 57697 TI - The ontogeny of bursa- and thymus-specific cell surface antigens in the chicken. PMID- 57698 TI - Lymphocytes and hemopoietic bone marrow cells - antigenic relationships between these cells and lymphatic tissue repopulation from stem cells. PMID- 57699 TI - Demonstration of two distinct macrophage specific antigenic determinants in rats. AB - Exhaustive cross-absorptions of rabbit anti-rat alveolar macrophage sera with peritoneal macrophages and of anti-rat peritoneal macrophage sera with alveolar macrophages did not prove the existence of antigenic determinants specific for alveolar or peritoneal macrophages. Titer-differences of these sera on RAM and RPM seem to be caused by a different distribution of two or more macrophage specific determinants present in both cell populations. Macrophages from other rat tissues show reactivity with these two sera different as well from alveolar as from peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 57700 TI - Enhanced in vitro immunogenicity of H-2 antigens in the presence of la antigens. AB - In a primary and secondary MLC the in vitro immunogenicity of allogeneic PHA induced blast cells (which lack i region coded determinants) was compared to that of LPS imduced blast cells. Unlike LPS induced blast lymphocytes (stimulator cells) which induced high cytotoxic activity, PHA induced blast cells were found to be poor stimulator cells in a primary MLC. Yet in a secondary MLC both types of stimulator cells induced cytotoxic activity equally well. Using one type of responder cells the relative immunogenicity of various stimulator cells incompatible on either the H-2K and H-2D region or on the i region, or on the complete H-2 complex, was compared. The magnitude of cytotoxic response induced in a strain combination differing at the complete H-2 complex exceeded by far the sum of separate responses obtained against the H-2D region, H-2K region and the i region coded determinants respectively. These results suggest that the presence of i region coded determinants on allogeneic stimulator cells enhance the in vitro immunogenicity of H-2K and H-2D region coded transplanatation antigens. PMID- 57701 TI - Lymphoid cell receptors and antigen recognition. PMID- 57702 TI - Recognition of antigen by B and T lymphocytes. PMID- 57703 TI - Host protection by the antibody-forming system in malignancy. PMID- 57704 TI - Studies on effector cell-target cell interactions in vitro by means of the quantitative immunoadherence technique. PMID- 57705 TI - The in vivo coating of tumor cells by potentially cytotoxic antitumor antibodies. PMID- 57706 TI - Macrophage killing capacity. Aspects of mechanism. AB - Immune macrophages have the capacity to kill in mixed macrophage cultures (MMC) allogeneic macrophages bearing the alloantigens used for immunization. The killing is expressed by a lytic mechanism as neither phagocytosis nor fusion between effector and target cells could be detected by E.M. T but not B lymphocytes isolated from immune spleen cells, are able to "arm" syngeneic nonimmune macrophages and render them cytotoxic. It is suggested that mediator(s) and/or membranal components are released from T cells and attach to macrophages. Such an "arming" factor enables the macrophage to recognize and kill target cells. PMID- 57707 TI - IR genes, phenotypic expressions and their interpretation. PMID- 57708 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to ordered peptides of tyrosine and glutamic acid. PMID- 57709 TI - A model for genetic control of the immune response. PMID- 57710 TI - Prenatal detection of genetic defects. PMID- 57711 TI - The pathophysiology of sleep disorders in pediatrics. Part II. Sleep disorders in children. AB - In this part of the chapter we have used new terminology and developed a new system for classification of sleep disorders in children. We suggest that excessive daytime sleepiness should be investigated by clinicians before troubles at school necessitate referral. The narcolepsy-hypersomnia syndrome generally has not been recognized in the pediatric age group. Symptoms of excessive fear of falling asleep need to be viewed in this context. Sleep apnea-hypersomnia has received insufficient attention in the American literature. It is a syndrome that affects both adults and children with potentially disastrous cardiovascular and pulmonary complications. The relationship of the sleep apnea-hypersomnia syndrome to the sudded infant death syndrome remains speculative, although preliminary results from our longitudinal study have indicated a possible link. Both the narcolepsy-hypersomnia and the sleep apnea-hypersomnia syndromes are reviewed in detail. In contrast, we review briefly the NREM dyssomnias, including night terrors, sleepwalking, sleep talking and enuresis. All are well known to clinicians dealing with children, and we have related them to findings emanating from the sleep laboratory. We suggest that they are physiologically rather than psychogenically based and frequently represent immaturities of the central nervous system. Finally, the insomnias of childhood are presented. We emphasize that they are rare, and after ruling out organic conditions and drug-dependency syndromes, cultural styles or family stresses generally account for the majority of complaints. PMID- 57712 TI - Androgen binding and metabolism. PMID- 57713 TI - The role of estrogens in differentiation and growth of target tissues. PMID- 57714 TI - Malignant lymphomas of the salivary glands. Review of the literature and report of 33 new cases, including four cases associated with the lymphoepithelial lesion. AB - Malignant lymphomas involving major salivary glands have been reported to occur in 31 cases. To these, we add 33 cases, 17 of which were studied in detail from the points of view of clinical presentation, classification (Rappaport), staging (Ann Arbor), therapy, and subsequent course. The parotid gland was involved much more frequently than the submandibular gland. No example of sublingual gland involvement was discovered in the present series. Most of the patients were in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Noteworthy is that all sub-types of lymphosarcoma were encountered, with only a single case of Hodgkin's disease present. In four of the patients, the characteristic histologic picture of lymphoepithelial lesion was found in juxtaposition to malignant lymphoma. The majority of patients received one or more courses of postoperative radiotherapy, which offered the best chance for long-term remission. However, only 40% of patients were free of disease after two years. PMID- 57715 TI - Acute monocytic leukemia. Cytologic, histologic, cytochemical, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic observations. AB - A case of acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) studied by cytologic, histologic, cytochemical, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic technics is reported. The immature monocytes were characterized by strong fluoride-sensitive nonspecific esterase activity. Nuclear irregularity, prominent nucleoli, erythrophagocytosis, and pinocytosis were observed on transmission electron microscopy, whereas broad based ruffles, similar to those found on normal monocytes, were identified with scanning electron microscopy. Cytogenetic analysis showed an 8/9 translocation and four or five identical 8p- marker chromosomes in most bone marrow cells. PMID- 57716 TI - An immunoperoxidase technic for the demonstration of the hepatitis B surface antigen in human livers. AB - A sensitive method for demonstrating the site of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in fixed tissues embedded in either paraffin or araldite is described. The method employs the peroxidase-rabbit antiperoxidase linkage through goat antirabbit to rabbit anti-HBsAg. In staining hepatitis antigen in agar, comparison of fixation (using three common fixatives) with unfixed precipitation arcs revealed no recognizable differences in antigenicity induced by fixation. The method allows confirmation of positive reaction by appropriate blocking controls. The technic is compared with the orcein stain of Shikata and found to be somewhat more sensitive but slightly more time-consuming. PMID- 57717 TI - Alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha-fetoprotein. Protein markers in endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumors. AB - A combined immunocytochemical and quantitative serum and tissue study was performed on a group of endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumors, localizing and measuring both alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in tumor tissue and patient sera. Utilizing indirect immunofluorescent and triple-sandwich immunoperoxidase methods, both proteins were demonstrated within intra- and extracellular periodic acid-Schiff-positive hyaline globules characteristic of the tumor, as well as within the cytoplasm of tumor epithelial cells lining endodermal sinuses, where AAT deposition predominated. Tumor tissue extracts confirmed the presence of significant quantities of both proteins, and pretreatment serum elevations of both showed a parallel decline during therapy. In this study, AAT is characterized as a tumor protein marker for the first time, and a parallelism between AAT and AFP is demonstrated in both serum and tumor tissue. These findings represent additional supportive evidence for the yolk sac origin of endodermal sinus tumors in man. PMID- 57719 TI - Human serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase: correlation of enzymatic activity with immunoreactive protein in genetically defined samples. AB - An antibody against human adrenal dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) was used to quantitate immunoreactive DBH protein in human serum by an immunoprecipitation technique. A significant correlation was found between DBH enzyme activity and immunoreactive DBH protein in randomly selected serum samples (r = 0.94; N = 38; p less than .001). Studies of sera from obligate heterozygotes and individuals homozygous for the allele responsible for very low serum DBH enzymatic activity were compatible with a genetically mediated decrease in the quantity of circulating DBH protein in these subjects. PMID- 57720 TI - Letter: Confirmation of trisomy 22 with fluorescence banding. PMID- 57721 TI - Letter: R banding. PMID- 57722 TI - An inexpensive stereoscopic projection system. PMID- 57723 TI - Effects of amyloid induction on plasma protein turnover, and its implication. AB - Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and radioiodinated plasma proteins, data on the rate constant for synthesis and fractional degradation rates for albumin, alpha1-, alpha2-, beta-, and gamma-globulins were obtained during accelerated amyloid induction in a murine model. The results indicate that during amyloid induction there is an increased rate of synthesis of alpha2-, beta-, and gamma globulins but only the alpha2-globulin degradation rate is accelerated. In this experimental system, should amyloid protein be a degradation product of a plasma fraction, the alpha2-globulin appears as the most likely precursor. The implications of our findings are discussed, and a new general mechanism of amyloid production is proposed. PMID- 57724 TI - Pelvic exenteration as palliation of malignant disease. AB - It has been traditional to exclude patients with radiation-recurrent carcinoma of the uterine cervix or other pelvic neoplasms, incapacitating pelvic pain, postirradiation fistulas, hemorrhage, or malodorous draining tumor necrosis from pelvic exenteration if cure of the malignant disease is not achievable. This negative attitude is a direct result of the reported high morbidity, prohibitive mortality, and low salvage rate previously associated with pelvic exenteration, the only acceptable surgical approach to these diseases. A recent experience with eighteen patients who underwent pelvic exenteration for advanced primary or recurrent carcinoma of the cervix, urinary bladder, or rectum has led us to challenge several traditional concepts regarding this operative procedure. We have observed but one operative death and our morbidity has been minimal. This may reflect our belief that an aggressive pelvic lymphadenectomy in those patients with direct visceral involvement from radiation-recurrent carcinoma of the pelvic viscera is not advantageous since no significant survival has ever been documented for patients with pathologic visceral involvement and positive lymph nodes. In addition, significant morbidity has always been associated directly with pelvic lymphadenectomy in the irradiated pelvis, and elimination of this phase of the operation in selected patients with radiation-recurrent carcinoma is indicated. Moreover, the considerable decrease in morbidity and the minimal mortality observed have led us to adopt a very liberal attitude toward preoperative selection criteria, and we regularly now use pelvic exenteration not only for cure but as intentional palliation in selected patients. We strongly believe that elimination of pain, fistulas, pelvic sepsis, hemorrhage, and malodorous areas of tumor necrosis are important for improving the quality of life for both the patient and family. PMID- 57725 TI - Cancer of the pancreas. Palliative operation, Whipple procedure, or total pancreatectomy? AB - The choice of operation for ductal carcinoma of the pancreas is as yet not clear. Failure to make an early diagnosis still stands out as the major problem in the treatment of this disease and as a result the resectability rate is exceedingly low. Between 1964 and 1973, nineteen total pancreatectomies were performed at Peter Bent Brigham Hospital for all tumors of the pancreas. Sixteen of these were for ductal carcinoma. The mortality was 12.5 per cent. When total pancreatectomy is compared with the Whipple procedure and a simple bypass procedure and when the tumor disease encountered is corrected for stage of disease, it is apparent that total pancreatectomy carries a statistically significant longer survival for patients with Stages I and II disease (no lymph node involvement) than the other two procedures. For Stages III and IV, there is no difference in survival between the three different operations. We therefore conclude that total pancreatectomy carries a better survival prognosis than other procedures performed for Stage I and II ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. PMID- 57726 TI - [Practice of long-term anticoagulation]. PMID- 57727 TI - [Letter: Status of rhesus prevention]. PMID- 57728 TI - Pseudo-zero order solubilization of remazol-brilliant-blue elastin by elastase. PMID- 57729 TI - Fluorescamine as a reagent for location of proteins after electrophoresis in starch gel or on paper. PMID- 57730 TI - Modified two-dimensional electrophoresis for identification and autoradiography of ribosomal proteins reacted with p-chloromercuribenzoate. PMID- 57731 TI - Inexpensive and easily built small scale 2D electrophoresis equipment. PMID- 57732 TI - Determination of trace hazardous organic vapor pollutants in ambient atmospheres by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/computer. PMID- 57733 TI - A serum factor in aspirin intolerance disease. AB - Direct and indirect intradermal serum challenge with aspirin intolerant sera in both aspirin tolerant and intolerant patients demonstrated a heat, cold and storage stable serum factor capable of inducing acute anti-hemostatic effects and in some aspirin intolerant patients exacerbation of brief induced clinical symptoms. The data supports a hypothesis for possible induced, conformationally altered gamma globulin resulting from low molecular weight chemical exposures such as aspirin with ensuing recognition by a genetically determined subpopulation of B-lymphocytes with surface membrane receptors avid for the Fc portion of altered gamma globulin or some conformationally altered gamma globulin fraction leading to immune and/or interprotein complexes with subsequent alterations of adrenergic, cholinergic and/or metabolic pharmacologic pathways. PMID- 57734 TI - Discussion paper: the role of cytogenetics in mutagenesis testing. PMID- 57735 TI - Senile ectropion and entropion: a comparative histopathological study. AB - A microscopic histopathological study was done on 500 full-eyelid-thickness surgical specimens: 25 with the diagnosis of senile ectropion and 25 with that of senile entropion. Five different staining techniques were used. There appears to be significantly more orbicularis and Riolan's muscle ischemia, atrophy, and collagen fragmentation with ectropion than with entropion. Entropion shows more septal and tarsal atrophy. In both conditions, the skin and conjunctiva show chronic inflammation and scarring as a constant feature. Statistical significance at the 1% level was present for all six characteristics studied. These histopathological changes, if not etiological, are at least concomitant features differentiating senile ectropion from entropion at the microscopic tissue level. PMID- 57736 TI - Blood substitutes. AB - With the development of modern methods of surgery, anaesthesia, and pre- and postoperative care the requirement for blood substitutes is continuously increasing. We present a review of the different blood substitutes which are already in clinical use or in an advanced stage of experimental investigation for possible practical administration. Our own clinical experience with dextrans and experimental studies on stroma-free haemoglobin and hydroxyethyl starch solutions are described. PMID- 57737 TI - Observations on the automated calculation of radioimmunoassay results. AB - Radioimmunoassay standard curves derived by four different automated calculation methods are compared with those derived manually for five assays of clinical importance (thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyrotrophin, alphafetoprotein, and human growth hormone). The three curve fitting methods (linear or cubic regression on log x versus logit y, cubic regression on log x versus y) produced considerable distortion of the manually derived curves, which in some cases could have impaired the accuracy of an estimate in a clinical sample and altered the clinical interpretation. Distortion patterns varied with the particular antigen assayed and with experimental conditions. In contrast, a simple linear interpolation method produced little distortion and gave results which were close to those derived manually in each assay examined. PMID- 57738 TI - Production, isolation, and properties of azetomycins. AB - Streptomyces antibioticus synthesizes five actinomycins that differ in the "proline site" of the molecule. When cultured in the presence of azetidine-2 carboxylic acid (AzC), antibiotic synthesis was stimulated 40 to 50%, synthesis of actinomycin IV was inhibited, and one or both prolines were replaced by AzC. AzC incorporation could not be reversed by concomitant supplementation with proline or sarcosine, and only pipecolic acid affected a minor reversal of AzC incorporation. AzC-containing actinomycins were isolated and designated azet-I and azet-II; a third unresolved component or mixture was called azet-III. The molar ratio of AzC to proline was: azet-I, 1:1; azet-II, 2:0. Azet-III was equivocal. These azetidine actinomycins (azetomycins) were found to be potently inhibitory to the growth of selected gram-positive but not as potent to the growth of gram-negative organisms. The relative inhibitory affect against growth and ribonucleic acid synthesis in Bacillus subtilis was: actinomycin IV =/> azet I > azet-II >>> azet-III. Protein synthesis was affected similarly; however, kinetic studies with B. subtilis revealed that ribonucleic acid synthesis was inhibited rapidly followed by an inhibition of protein synthesis. At concentrations less than 1 mug/ml, deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was stimulated by these actinomycins. PMID- 57739 TI - Biogenetic origin of the D-isoleucine and N-methyl-L-alloisoleucine residues in the actinomycins. AB - Studies with (14)C-labeled isoleucine stereisomers have established that l alloisoleucine, d-alloisoleucine, and d-isoleucine may function as precursors for the biogenesis of d-isoleucine and N-methyl-l-alloisoleucine residues in actinomycin. l-[(14)C]isoleucine appears to be employed chiefly for d alloisoleucine (and N-methylisoleucine [?] formation); however, its role in the biosynthesis of d-isoleucine and N-methylalloisoleucine remains unclear. The potential pathway of biosynthesis of d-isoleucine and N-methyl-l-isoleucine is discussed. PMID- 57740 TI - Effect of bleomycin on deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in toluene-treated Escherichia coli cells. AB - The antibiotic bleomycin stimulates deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in toluene-treated Escherichia coli cells. The increase in synthesis is linear with bleomycin concentration. Bleomycin-stimulated DNA synthesis is independent of replication and dependent on DNA polymerase I. Replication is spared as the DNA polymerase I-dependent DNA synthesis increases. Bleomycin does not appear to have any effect on purified E. coli DNA polymerases I or II. Our results suggest that bleomycin causes nicking of the bacterial chromosome with subsequent DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase I. PMID- 57741 TI - A study of the antigenic relationships of isolates of Trypanosoma brucei from three areas in East Africa. AB - Eleven stabilates of T. brucei, prepared from isolates collected from cattle and tsetse flies in three areas of East Africa, were compared serologically by direct agglutination tests, using (a) stabilate-specific antisera prepared in rats and (b)antisera to the predominant variant antigens of each isolate prepared in rabbits. The results indicated that groups of isolates from any one area tended to produce antigens in common, whereas isolates from different areas were generally antigenically distinct. The comparison of isolates of T. brucei on the basis of their predominant variant antigens, as a technique, was more simple to effect, and more sensitive in the detection of antigenic relationships, than comparison founded on basic strain antigens. PMID- 57742 TI - Mustard procedure after Baffes operation. AB - Patients in whom Baffes' procedure has been done for palliative treatment of transposition of the great arteries may develop symptom recurrence later in life that deserves further treatment. A modified Mustard procedure is suitable for this purpose; the main difficulty in performing a formal Mustard operation is the proximity of the superior vena cava and of the inferior vena caval graft openings that enable the left pulmonary veins to drain without obstruction into the new atrium. This report deals with a 15-year-old patient in whom a modified Mustard technique was employed as a palliative method. PMID- 57743 TI - Spectrophotometric assays for warfarin sodium and dicumarol. Use in rapid detection of patients suspected of drug intoxication or surreptitious noningestion. AB - The usefulness of assays for the rapid identification and determination of quantitative plasma levels of warfarin sodium and dicumarol is documented by the case histories of five patients: a man who accidentally took dicumarol for several weeks and developed an acute condition within the abdomen, a man who ingested 500 mg of warfarin sodium in a suicide attempt, a malingering nurse who surreptitiously took dicumarol, a nurse with warfarin intoxication who did not follow dosage prescription because of fear of developing thrombosis, and a woman with calf vein thrombosis who did not ingest the administered warfin sodium becausing of fear of developing bleeding. In every patient, the diagnosis of surreptitious ingestion or noningestion was suspected on the basis of the coagulation profile pattern. Confirmation of the disorder by the spectrophotometric assay enable the clinician to choose the appropriate course of action with speed and purpose. PMID- 57744 TI - Effects of hypothalamic lesions on levels of plasma free fatty acids in the mallard duck. AB - Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels were measured in the mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) following hypothalamic lesions at various sites. The results indicate that ventromedial lesions produced hyperphagia, increased deposition of fat, and significantly elevated levels of plasma FFA. Anterior bilateral lesions resulted in aphagia, severe loss in body weight and a marked decrease in plasma FFA. Lesions in other regions of the hypothalamus produced various changes depending upon the extent of damage. The neural and neuroendocrine mechanisms which regulate FFA levels in the blood are discussed with respect to the involvement of pituitary hormones. PMID- 57745 TI - Effect of gonadotropins and prostaglandin on 3' : 5'-cyclic AMP synthesis in young rat testis. AB - Formation of cAMP has been studied in neonatal rat testis. In the presence of aminoophylline, LH and PGE1 stimulated cAMP levels during the entire postnatal period. The highest stimulation was found in the testis of 2-day-old rats after which cAMP synthesis diminished with advancing age. FSH had no stimulatory effect on cAMP level in 5-day-old rats. PMID- 57746 TI - [Effect of ambient temperature on metabolism and heart rate of resting albino rats]. AB - Heart rate and oxygen consumption were measured simultaneously in albino rats. These measurements were carried out in the resting animal at different temperatures between 18 degrees and 33 degrees C. The metabolism evolution with the environmental temperature allowed to place the thermal neutrality at 29 degrees C. The resting heart rate varies as metabolism. It shows the lowest values round the thermoneutrality and increases quickly as the environment is cooling. This result shows the effect of the thermal environment upon the resting heart rate level. On the other hand, the non linear relationship between metabolism and heart rate points out that the heart rate increase is not the only factor that allows an increased oxygen consumption during the body temperature regulation. PMID- 57747 TI - [Sensitization of bradycardia during final hypotension induced by serotonin in rats: effect of lidocaine]. AB - It was studied the sensibilizing effect of lidocaine (8.5 mg/kg, i.v.) on the ECG (heart rate, P-R interval, QRS complex and Q-T interval) of both intact and bilaterally vagotomised rats, in the nadir of the final hypotension determined by serotonine (60 mug/kg, i.v.). The results showed (1) a certain degree of selectivity of the vagi, and (2) the effects of serotonine either isolated or associated to lidocaine on P-R interval and heart rate were reinforced when intact animals were used. Although no significant alterations of Q-T were elicited by the drugs, lidocaine surprisingly enlarged the QRS complex in a more significant fashion for the intact than for the vagotomised animals. PMID- 57748 TI - Glomerular metabolic changes in compensatory renal hypertrophy. AB - In compensatory hypertrophy, 7 days after unilateral nephrectomy, an increase in respiration and glucose-6-P dehydrogenase activity are observed in the glomeruli of the hypertrophied kidney. It is suggested that is is related to the clearing of an increased amount of filtration residues by the glomerular cells. PMID- 57749 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of testosterone in late fetal and newborn rabbit plasma, gonads and adrenal glands]. AB - A radioimmunoassay was used for measuring testosterone in the plasma, gonads and adrenals of 28, 29, 30 and 31-day-old rabbit fetuses of both sexes and newborns. A marked sex difference was shown in the concentrations of testosterone in plasma and in gonads whereas in adrenals the levels of testosterone were low in both sexes (34 to 147 pg/10 mg). In male fetuses, plasma testosterone levels increased from the 28th (133 +/- 20 pg/ml) to the 31st day (361 +/- 119 pg/ml) of intrauterine life, reaching then the values observed in the newborns (387 +/- 73 pg/ml). Plasma from males, on the other hand contained, at all stages studied, significantly more testosterone than plasma from female fetuses (21 +/- 6 to 41 +/- 11 pg/ml) and female newborns (42 +/- 6 pg/ml). In the same way, fetal testicular testosterone concentrations varying from 1 382 +/- 218 to 2 317 +/- 333 pg/10 mg were similar to those measured in the newborns (1 940 +/- 304 pg/10 mg) and significantly higher than fetal (13 to 34 pg/10 mg) or neonatal (44 pg/10 mg) ovarian concentrations. These results showed at evidence the endocrine activity of the fetal testis during this period. PMID- 57750 TI - [Polymorphism of proteins in 3 strains of domestic quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)]. AB - In three breeds of domestic quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with different zootechnical characteristics, heterozygote frequencies of egg white and serum proteins are variable. Data are briefly explained by the genetic homeostasis theory. PMID- 57751 TI - Changes in the water and sodium permeability of amphibian skin in the presence of the efferent plasma of "dehydrated dog kidney". AB - Two kidneys of the same dog were perfused separately with the same blood pool. After the control periods one of the kidneys was replaced by another one taken from a previously dehydrated dog. The presence of the "dehydrated kidney" resulted in a significant and almost immediate decrease in creatinin clearance of the contralateral perfused kidney. The Ccreat increased after the removal of the dehydrated kidney. Plasma samples were taken during the control, transplantation and recovery periods and their activity on the water permeability (osmotic water flow) and sodium transport was examined in amphibian skin. The presence of the plasma taken during the transplantation period resulted in a highly highly significant decrease in the osmotic water transport without any change in the sodium transport. This decrease was reversible, at least partly, after replacing the experimental plasma by a control one. These changes were not observed when a "desalted kidney" was used instead of the "dehydrated" one. These results suggest that in the status of dehydration the kidney releases some humoral factor or factors, which would induce a decrease in the measured GFR, possibly by a direct or indirect effect on membrane, probably glomerular membrane-permeability. PMID- 57752 TI - Heterogeneity of bile pigments formed by the breakdown of haemoglobin in the isolated male-dog kidney. AB - Normothermic perfused isolated male-dog kidneys formed radioactive bile pigments by the breakdown of radioactive haemoglobin prepared from [2-14C]glycin. After column chromatographic separation and preparation of dipyrrolic azopigments, 86.3 +/- 2.2% of the bile pigments seemed to be conjugated bilirubin. Thin-layer chromatographic separation of the azopigments of ethyl anthranilate revealed a good correlation between photometric scanning, radiochromatographic scanning and the radioactivity of the azopigments scraped off the thin-layer glass plates and counted in a liquid scintillation counter. Although the same heterogenity of the azopigments was observed as in dog bile, the isolated male-dog kidney formed significantly less alpha2- and significantly more gamma-fractions. PMID- 57753 TI - Coagulocyte alterations in clotting hemolymph of Carausius morosus L. AB - 1. The structural changes in the coagulocytes of Carausius morosus during hemolymph coagulation in vitro have been studied under the PCM and in the TEM. 2. In agreement with former PCM observations on Carausius morosus, the coagulocytes are the only hemocytes to induce coagulation of the plasma. Immediately or after a few seconds upon withdrawal of the hemolymph, their structural changes consist of a considerable enlargement of the perinuclear cysterna and of direct ejection into the plasma of nuclear and cytoplasmic substances through microruptures of the cytoplasmic membrane. The other categories of hemocytes do not contribute to the plasma coagulation. Their structural alterations take place without breakage of the cytoplasmic membrane when the plasma reactions are already established. 4. These plasma reactions appear in the form of circular islands of granular material around the coagulocytes, of extension of the coagulum in the channels between the islands and of transformation of the clot into a network of threads. 5. As reported in other studies in the TEM, no specific organelle characteristic of the coagulocyte ultrastructure could be found in the coagulocytes of Carausius. 6. Owing to the absence of any specific structural criterion of identification, the results suggest that the functional difference between coagulocytes and the other categories of hemocytes as regards coagulation of the plasma might be caused in part by differences of permeability of the cell membranes. PMID- 57754 TI - Intermediary hepatic metabolism of rat after oral medium chain triglyceride load. AB - Hepatic ketogenesis was studied in rats given medium chain triglycerides (MCT). Acetyl-CoA accumulated in the liver, indicating a very rapid beta-oxidation of medium chain fatty acids. Citrate level increases. Ketogenesis is strongly enhanced. Cytoplasm and particularly mitochondria are more reduced after MCT. This may explain the very high increase in hepatic malate. Under our experimental conditions, there appears to be a significant linear relationship between the hepatic acetyl-Coa level and those of total ketone bodies and malade respectively. PMID- 57755 TI - [Comparative study of different extraction methods and assays of tannins in some pteridophytes]. AB - Various processes of extraction and quantitative analysis of a condensed tannin in a plant extract, which also includes some chlorogenic acids, have been examined. 60% methanol, at 50 degrees C, proved the most efficient extraction solvent. Several methods of analysis have been tried. The measure of the colour intensity obtained by the action of sulphuric vanilline on flavanols cannot be used because it depends on the tannin condensation stage. It is impossible to separate tannin from chlorogenic acids using the methods of adsorption by skin or nylon powders, or precipitation by polyvinylpyrrolidone. Only paper chromatography, followed by the distinct elution of the various phenolic compounds, allows the tannin evaluation by subtraction; but owing to the variability of the results, many more experiments are necessary. Some other processes are being studied. PMID- 57756 TI - Selective radioimmunoassays for human luteinizing hormone (hLH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). AB - Highly specific radioimmunoassay systems were developed for measurement of hLH and hCG using antisera purified by affinity chromarography or simple adsorption to select the antibodies reacting specifically with either gonadotropin. Such systems permit specific measurement of lLH and hCG in samples containing both. These assays are suitable for various clinical and physiological studies, particularly, study of pituitary functions in the presence of chorionic or trophoblastic secretion. PMID- 57757 TI - Supersensitivity to ACh in muscles after prolonged nerve block. AB - Sciatic nerves of rats and tibial nerves of rabbits were kept anaesthetized in situ for periods of 3-11 days by applying silastic cuffs containing lidocaine base or marcaine hydrochloride. To insure a more uniform release of the rapidly diffusing lidocaine base, the drug was contained in compartments at some distance from the nerve and the cuffs were covered with polystyrene. The completeness of anaesthesia and the functional state of the nerve were tested by stimulating the exposed nerves proximal and distal to the cuff and by observing the behaviour of the muscle prior to killing the animals. The ACh sensitivity was tested by electrophoretic application of ACh from micropipettes and by recording the results changes of the resting membrane potential in individual muscle fibres. The ACh sensitivity was found to be present in the extrajunctional area of all muscle fibres including those displaying miniature end-plate potentials. These was no difference between the behaviour of muscles from rats and rabbits and between the action of lidocaine base and marcaine hydrochloride. Previous reports on the absence of extrajunctional ACh sensitivity in muscles of rabbits whose nerves had been treated by lidocaine base were explained by a relatively rapid loss of the drug from the usual type of nerve cuffs (more than 70% of the drug lost in one day), permitting a premature recovery of the nerves from anaesthesia. PMID- 57758 TI - [Method to study intestinal tonus in dogs. Preliminary results]. AB - An experimental procedure is described for studying the muscular tonus of a Thiry Vella isolated jejunal loop, in the conscious dog. Our results demonstrate a reduction of the muscular tonus after the administration of atropine and its increase under the influence of prostigmine. No constant effect was observed after a standard meal. PMID- 57759 TI - Coronary venous flow and O2 saturation during transitional phases between various cardiac rates. AB - The instantaneous and continuous interrelationship between coronary blood flow and coronary venous O2 saturation was determined during transient periods following abrupt rate change in the electrically paced canine heart. Through a catheter in the coronary sinus, O2 saturation was continuously monitored using a fibreoptics technique, and venous flow was measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. Various patterns of change in flow and O2 saturation were observed depending both on the absolute values of the cardiac rates as well as on the relative difference between them during changes from one rate to another. Whereas elevation of coronary flow was monophasic when the magnitude of heart rate change was below 75 beats per minute, a drop in flow was observed preceeding its elevation when the difference was greater. At high rates further increase in rate caused either no alteration or led to a monophasic drop in flow during the transitional period. Changes in O2 saturation were observed only when heart rate difference exceeded 60 beats per minute. Between 60-90 beats per minute O2 saturation remained steady except during the transient rate elevation, ending in a lower steady state O2 saturation. The results indicate that both O2 saturation and coronary flow change with heart rate initially because of mechanical consequence of the increased rate on the myocardium, and later according to its new metabolic needs also manifested by changed O2 extraction. PMID- 57760 TI - Changes induced by angiotensins and prostaglandin E2 on the release of transmitter from isolated perfused rabbit kidney during periarterial stimulation. AB - The influence of A II and PGE2 on the rise of perfusion pressure induced by periarterial stimulation and NA were studied in the rabbit isolated perfused kidney. Periarterial stimulation produced an increase in perfusion pressure and the venous outflow superfusing the rabbit aortic strip caused the muscle to contract. Both effects were found to be frequency dependent. NA induced similar effect when given into the renal artery. A II and its N-terminal analogs produced equal potentiation to periarterial stimulation without altering the effect of exogenous NA when added to the perfusion medium. DMGIA II which is a competitive inhibitor of A II inhibited the potentiating affect of A II. PGE2 also inhibited the effect of A II without altering the effect of exogenous NA. Addition of aspirin to the perfusion medium caused a potentiation to periarteral stimulation but did not change the effect of NA. A II added to the perfusion fluid containing aspirin still caused potentiation. From these results it was concluded that: (i) A II-induced potentiation to periarterial stimulation is mediated via specific receptors and probably due to facilitation of the release of transmitter from sympathetic nerve ending. (ii) PGE2 inhibited the release of transmitter. The effect of A II and PGE2 seemed to be mediated by independent mechanisms. PMID- 57761 TI - [Effect of injection of synthetic Hyalophora cecropia juvenile hormone in Locusta migratoria L]. AB - The synthetic racemic C18 Hyalophora cecropia juvenile hormone (JH-I) is injected at does of between 10 and 200 mug/animal at the end of the fourth instar of Locusta migratoria. The effects on mortality, length of the fourth and fifth instars, pigmentation and morphogenesis are reported. Higher doses of JH-I produce a higher mortality than lower doses. But mortality can also occur following the injection of oil which sometimes takes place only a few hours before the ecdysis. In no case is JH-I able to shorten the length of the instar. Many animals moult at the same time as the controls, but some of them, both in the fourth and fifth instars, show an important increase in the length of the instar because of an inhibition of the ecdysis. The effect of JH-I on pigmentation is very important and doses higher than 50 mug/animal present a greater effect than an implantation of one pair of corpora allata, both on the number of insects which turn green and on the intensity of this green pigmentation. At the metamorphosis the larvae injected with JH-I produce imperfect imagos and supernumerary larvae, the number of which depends upon the dose. Nevertheless the morphogenetic effect is considerably lower than that of one pair of corpora allata. We have reason to think that this is only due to the time of injection and not to the activity on morphogeneis of the injected hormone. JH-I is injected at the dose of 200 mug in young females which were allatectomized beforehand to prevent oocytes maturation. The hormone completely counter-balances the lack of the corpora allata and some days after the injection the oocytes are in the same state of development as those of the controls. All the results indicate that the synthetic racemic C18 juvenile hormone of Hyalophora cecropia shows a quite similar activity to the secretion of the corpora allata on Locusta migratoria although it has been said for some time that this hormone was not the principal one in locusts. PMID- 57762 TI - [Atmospheric pollution]. PMID- 57763 TI - [The function of different lymphocyte groups and methods for their separation (author's transl)]. AB - A review is given of the participation of T- and B-lymphocytes in the three most important lymphocyte functions: antibody formation, cellular effector reactions, especially cytotoxicity and regulator functions, with particular reference to the concept of "lymphocyte population". The most commonly used methods for the separation of T- and B-lymphocytes and of lymphocytes with the same function are described. PMID- 57764 TI - Alpha-antitrypsin deposition in primary hepatic carcinomas. AB - With the use of immunoperoxidase methods, paraffin-embedded hepatic tissue from 21 patients with primary hepatic carcinoma was tested for alpha-antitrypsin (AAT) deposition and was compared for sensitivity with the PAS reaction. Specific AAT immunoreactivity was present in tumor cells in half of the test cases, either alone or in combination with positive nonneoplastic hepatocytes. While the PAS findings generally parralleled the specific immunohistochemical studies, the latter technique exhibited greater sensitivity in AAT detection. Cytoplasmic tumor cell inclusions of three types were identified, but only one type, the solid, was found to represent immunoreactive AAT deposits. These findings confirm as association between hepatic deposition of AAT and the occurrence of primary liver carcinoma. Further prospective serum and tissue studies on patients with hepatoma are needed to extend these observations. PMID- 57765 TI - Isoantigen loss in cervical neoplasia. Demonstration by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. AB - Tissue sections from normal uterine cervix and from uterine cervices with dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive cancer were studied in 70 instances using immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques for demonstrating the presence of isoantigens A and B. Isoantigens were demonstrated in normal squamous epithelium. Antigens were lost in foci of invasive cancer, were considerably reduced or lost in areas of classic carcinoma in situ in all cases, and were reduced in most cases of dysplasia. These observations confirm those obtained with the specific red cell adherence test. The results suggest that immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques are sensitive, reproducible, easily performed methods for demonstrating the loss of isoantigens in cervical neoplasia. PMID- 57766 TI - [Reaction of the liver to the effects of hexachlorocyclohexane (experimental study)]. AB - The effects of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHCH) on the weight of the liver, content of protein, glycogen, total lipids as well as morphological and ultrastructural changes in the liver were studied. It was established that HCHCH caused a considerable increase in the weight of the liver, as well as in the levels of protein, glycogen and total lipids, which was particularly pronounced following prolonged administration of HCHCH in the dose 1/50 LD50. Large doses of HCHCH (1/3 LD50) brought about marked dystrophic changes in the liver similar to the type of hydropic degeneration, accumulation of fatty drops in hepatocytes Application of a dose 1/50 LD50 of HCHCH resulted in an increased size of hepatocytes, dystrophic changes being noted only in individual cells. Histochemisally there were revealed high levels of RNA and glycogen in hepatocytes. An-Electron-microscopy study of hepatic cells showed the most manifested changes in the endoplasmatic network of hepatocytes, which were seen in an enlargement of the elements of the smooth endoplasmatic reticulum. A suggestion was put forward that the changes indicated above were associated with a stimulating effect of HCHCH on the microsomic system of hepatocytes, i.e. on the enzymatic systems localized in the smooth endoplasmatic network. PMID- 57767 TI - [Development of the ideas of N. N. Anichkov at the present stage of our knowledge about atherosclerosis]. AB - The article discusses the main elements of the infiltrative-combination theory of atherosclerosis, which was formulated and developed by N. N. Anichkov. The further development of the main principles of this theory at the current stage of medical science is elucidated. Analysis of the mechanisms of penetration of lipids into the vascular wall, the role of metabolism of the main substance and plasmic proteins at the initial stages of atherosclerosis shows that the new data obtained are not at variance with the fundamental principles of the N. N. Anichkov's theory but on the contrary, supplement it. Evidences on the role of immune complex of beta-lipoproteid-gamma-globulin in the development of atherosclerosis are also in complete accord with this theory. PMID- 57768 TI - [Vascular hyalinosis in diabetic microangiopathy]. AB - A histochemical and immunoluminescent investigation of hyalin of arterioles ans small arteries of the kidney, spleen, pancreas and skin were carried out. In 20 patients with diabetes mellitus of a various degree of gravity and duration hyalinosis represented a manifestation of microangiopathy; it was particularly pronounced in the vessels of the spleen and kidney, and in a lesser degree--in the vessels of the pancreas and skin. The intensity of hyalinosis was directly proportional to the duration of the disease; Immunomorphologically, hyaline masses devealed globulins, gamma M-, gamma G-immunoglobulins, complement, albumins, beta-lipoproteins, fibrinogens, which indicates to a hematogenic nature of the vascular hyalin. The presence in hyalin of G an M-immunoglobulins and complement may testify to the participation in its formation of immune mechanisms, together with metabolic ones. PMID- 57769 TI - Experimental specific memory reaction to cornea, lens, and retina antigens. AB - Lymphocytes from rabbits immunized against various ocular extracts were challenged in vitro by the immunizing extract, by other ocular extracts from the same species, and by analogous extracts from other species. Immunological memory reaction, demonstrated by the blast transformation phenomenon, was found toward organ-specific and species-specific antigens. The organ cross-reactivity was greatest when cornea and lens were tested. Immunization of rabbits against calf cornea with extract emulsified in Freund adjuvant injected into the hind foot pads induced the appearance of specific memory cells in popliteal lymph nodes, spleen, and blood. Immunization by interlamellar xenografting has shown that memory lymphocytes are mainly localized in the preauricular lymph nodes and are nearly absent from spleen and popliteal lymph nodes. These findings indicate the important role of the local immunological mechanism of the eye. PMID- 57770 TI - Cardiac monitoring during exercise tests in the horse. 3. Changes in the electrocardiogram during and after exercise. AB - Changes that occur in the equine ECG during and after exercise have been described and compared with resting ECG's obtained from the same horses. When the speed of work equals or is greater than "three-quarter pace" (i.e. "even time" or 200 metres in 15 seconds) the high heart rates developed cause the loss of ECG waveforms that are readily discernible at rest. Although differences in the waveforms between horses with normal and abnormal resting ECG's have been observed, the more definitive useful information is the fact that abnormal horses showed significantly higher heart rates than normal horses at a particular speed of work. When this occurs in combination with a resting ECG classified as borderline or abnormal and the exercise ECG shows positive, low amplitude, broad rounded T waves or transient bursts of sine-waves suggestive of ventricular flutter, racing performance is likely to be impaired. Although more work needs to be done and improvements in technology are necessary, the exercise ECG has potential for improving understanding of physical fitness and the significance of resting cardiac abnormalities. PMID- 57771 TI - Investigations on d-galactosamine hepatitis after pretreatment with alpha hexachlorocyclohexane. AB - D-Galactosamine hepatitis cannot be induced in rapidly replicating liver tissue at various times after induction of proliferation. Proliferation was induced by administration of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane. The morphological features of galactosamine hepatitis do not appear or are very mild. The onset of DNA synthesis is delayed to about 12 hrs as also shown in partially hepatectomized rats. PMID- 57772 TI - [Experiences at the Blood Transfusion Center of the Socialist Republic of Serbia in providing aimed transfusions]. AB - The development of modern medicine causes the more and more needs of blood in providing the complete health care of the patients. The increased need can be satisfied only by the rational use of blood on the principle of selective transfusions. In this work our present possibilities are given, in the separations of certain blood components, their good and bad effects, as well as the indications for use in some pathological states. PMID- 57773 TI - [Incidence of HL-A antibodies in the early period of gestation in women who have never before given birth]. PMID- 57774 TI - [Subtypes of serum hepatitis B antigen]. AB - Rheophoresis improved gel diffusion technique was used for the determination of subtypes of HB antigen (HBAg) according to D (ad + y) and Y (ay +, d--) specificity. Although the relative small number of carriers of antigen was investigated, it seems that the distribution of subtypes is somewhat different from the results found by the american and scandinavian autors and is more similar to the results of Hadziyannis (Greece) and Mosley in Israel. The specifity of serum containing HB antibodies was also investigated. Five sera containing antibodies, revealed both ad and ay subtypes by the counter electrophoresis method, but two of them showed a significantly stronger precipitation line with subtype ay. PMID- 57775 TI - [Information on Rh-D factor of women who have given birth in our obstetrical department]. PMID- 57776 TI - [Our experiences in the prevention of Rh sensitization]. PMID- 57777 TI - Synthesis and characterization of a DNA probe complementary to rat liver 28S ribosomal RNA. PMID- 57778 TI - Drug effects on nucleic acid modification. I. A specific effect of 5-azacytidine on mammalian transfer RNA methylation in vivo. PMID- 57779 TI - Iodination of H-2 and TL with a coupled insoluble enzyme system: kinetics and effects on antigenic activity. PMID- 57780 TI - Biosynthesis of beta-phenethyl alcohol in Candida guilliermondii. PMID- 57781 TI - Tilorone hydrochloride--a specific probe for A-T regions of duplex deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 57782 TI - A quantitative study of the localization of atherosclerotic lesions in the rabbit aorta. AB - A quantitative study of the size and location of early sudanophilic lesions has been carried out on the aortae of five rabbits. The atherosclerotic lesions were induced by feeding an average of 114 (+/- 3.7) egg yolks over an average period of 83 (+/- 1.7) days. The aortic lesions were visualuized by gross staining with Sudan III and measured by the polar coordinate method. The lesions were almost entirely around orifices: their size was directly proportional to the area of the associated ostium (P less than 0.005). The sudanophilic deposits were located downstream from the ostia in areas believed to experience high shear stresses. The area of the intercostal ostia increased as one proceeded down the thoracic aorta (P less than 0.005). A deviation from the distal distribution pattern was observed where local flow and shear stresses were disturbed. The coronary lesions completely surrounded the ostia, the coeliac lesions had significant proximal components and the left renal and inferior mesenteric lesions were skewed to the right. The study suggests that hemodynamic forces and particularly high shear stress is of considerable importance in both the initiation and localization of early atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 57783 TI - Quantitative recovery of lipids from aortas stained with sudan IV. AB - The separation of Sudan IV from lipid extracts of stained aortas can be accomplished by thin layer or column chromatography, but the most convenient method involves adsorption of the dye to activated carbon. The aortic lipids are thus recovered quantitatively. PMID- 57784 TI - Electrocardiographic antecedents of primary ventricular fibrillation. Value of the R-on-T phenomenon in myocardial infarction. AB - Primary ventricular fibrillation was seen in 20 of 450 consecutive patients (4 4%) admitted within 24 hours after the onset of acute myocardial infarction. Compared with patients without primary ventricular fibrillation they showed a lower mean age group and a higher incidence of anterior infarction. Warning ventricular arrhythmias preceded primary ventricular fibrillation in 58% of cases. However, warning arrhythmias were also present in 55% of patients without primary ventricular fibrillation. The following mechanisms of initiation of primary ventricular fibrillation were seen. 1) In one patient, it was initiated by supraventricular premature beats showing aberrant intraventricular conduction. 2) In 2 patients, ventricular tachycardia degenerated into primary ventricular fibrillation. 3) In 17 patients, it was initiated by a ventricular premature beat; in 10 of these, the premature beat showed early coupling (RR/QT less than 1 -the R-on-T phenomenon). However, ventricular premature beats showing the R-on-T phenomenon were also observed in 49% of patients without primary ventricular fibrillation. In 7, primary ventricular fibrillation was initiated by a late coupled ventricular premature beat (RR/QT greater than 1); in 2, the very late coupling resulted in a ventricular fusion beat. The study suggests that warning arrhythmias and the R-on-T phenomenon are poor predictors of primary ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. The observation that 41% of primary ventricular fibrillation was initiated by a late-coupled ventricular premature beat suggests that ventricular vulnerability during acute myocardial infarction may extend throughout most of the cardiac cycle and is not necessarily confined to the QT interval. PMID- 57785 TI - Association of ventricular extrasystoles and ventricular tachycardia with idioventricular rhythm. AB - Patients with acute myocardial infarction were monitored for ventricular arrhythmias in the first 48 hours. Idioventricular rhythm (rate less than 100/minute) occurred in 35 out of 224 patients (15.6%) during the first day and in 13 out of 192 patients not receiving treatment on the second day (6.8%). This arrhythmia was frequently preceded by late ventricular extrasystoles, which often showed variation of their coupling intervals to the preceding QRS. Double ventricular extrasystoles separated by larger than or equal to 600 ms were also precursors of idioventricular rhythm. Idioventricular rhythm at times could be described as an escape rhythm, but on other occasions it was undoubtedly an accelerated rhythm. Spontaneous changes in the idioventricular cycle length were frequent on single one-minute electrocardiographic recordings. The rate of the dominant rhythm in patients with episodes of idioventricular rhythm was significantly slower than the heart rate of patients without this arrhythmia. Idioventricular rhythm was more frequent in patients with inferior infarction. Idioventricular rhythm sometimes preceded ventricular tachycardia but there was only a significant association between ventricular tachycardia and idioventricular rhythms with rates of over 75/minute. Irregular idioventricular rhythm frequently accelerated to ventricular tachycardia. It is suggested that the term benign idioventricular rhythm be reserved for those rhythms below 75/minute, and that the term rapid idioventricular rhythm should be used for rhythms between 75 and 120/minute. The rate of idioventricular rhythm is related to the probability of development of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias during the first 48 hours after myocardial infarction. PMID- 57786 TI - Second heart sound after pulmonary arterial banding operation. AB - After a pulmonary arterial banding procedure the phonocardiograms of 38 patients were correlated with haemodynamic and angiographic findings. Twenty-four patients had uncomplicated ventricular septal defect, 2 had single ventricle, 5 had transposition of the great arteries, 5 had atrioventricular canal defects, and 2 had coarctation of the aorta and ventricular septal defect. P2 was separated from A2 by less than 40 ms in 10 of the 11 patients with high pulmonary vascular resistance. Of 27 patients with nearly normal pulmonary vascular resistances and distal pulmonary artery pressures less than 50/20 mmHg (6-7/2-7 kPa), 24 had A2 P2 intervals of over 40 ms. A narrow A2-P2 interval with a satisfactory band was found in 2 patients with large right-to-left shunts. A2-P2 interval did not change appreciably with age, and this measurement is a useful guide as to the effectiveness of pulmonary artery banding by one year after operation. If this interval is less than 40 ms, repeat catheterization should be carried out as such patients may have persisting pulmonary hypertension and an increased pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 57787 TI - Human preleukaemia cell culture studies in sideroblastic anaemia. AB - Cell structure abnormalties are found in acute leukaemia and preleukaemic states. Studies on bone marrow cells and peripheral leucocytes of 4 patients with idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anaemia showed patterns in cell culture similar to those reported in acute leukaemia: 2 of these patients later developed leukaemia. Other patients with idiopathic, secondary or congenital sideroblastosis showed no such cell culture abnormalities, and none developed leukaemia. Studies such as this suggest that cell culture methods detect altered cellular function preceding overt leukaemia and that these abnormal findings may be helpful in the evaluation of patient groups with an increased incidence of leukaemia. PMID- 57788 TI - The sensitivity to cytotoxic agents of the EMT6 tumor in vivo. Comparative response of lung nodules in rapid expotential growth and of the solid flank tumour. AB - Experiments are described in which dose-response data have been obtained for EMT6 mouse tumour cells growing in vivo and exposed to various cytotoxic agents. A comparison has been made of the response of solid tumours in the flank and of rapidly growing lung nodules. The results are discussed with regard to their cell kinetic implications and compared with our results for the chemosensitivity of EMT6 cells in exponential and plateau phase growth in vitro. PMID- 57789 TI - Tumour-associated immune responses and isolated carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha feto-protein levels related to survival in ovarian cancer patients. AB - The presence of a tumour-associated immune response in 37 patients with ovarian cancer as assessed by blastogenesis (lymphocyte transformation) evoked by ovarian cancer cell extracts, has been correlated with survival following the test. The difference in these responses is unlikely to be accounted for on the basis of general impairment of cell-mediated immuno-competence. Serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was also determined in 27 ovarian cancer patients to assess its prognostic significance. Raised CEA levels and absence of blastogenic response to tumour cell extract during relapse are associated with a worse prognosis but neither of these parameters are significant in remission. Possible applications of these findings to the clinical management of ovarian cancer patients are discussed. Serum alpha feto-protein levels measured by radioimmunoassay were not found to be raised in any of the 32 ovarian cancer patients in whom it was measured. PMID- 57790 TI - DNA polymerase activity in plasma from leukaemic guinea-pigs. AB - Measurement of DNA polymerase in leukaemic guinea-pig plasms reveals the presence of low levels of sedimentable and non-sedimentable enzymic activities. Since the sedimentable DNA polymerase is ribonuclease sensitive, uses poly(C).oligo(dG) as template, and bands in a sucrose density gradient at 1-17 g/ml it is thought to be the GPLV-associated reverse transcriptase. The soluble DNA polymerase is stimulated by ribonuclease and is probably of cellular origin. PMID- 57791 TI - The effect of bleomycin and pentamycin in combination on the survival of EMT6 mouse tumour cells in vitro and in vivo. AB - The combined effect of bleomycin and the polyene antibiotic, pentamycin, upon the survival of EMT6 tumour cells has been studied both in vitro and in vivo. During growth of the cells as a monolayer in vitro, a very marked potentiation of bleomycin action is seen during the exponential and early plateau phases of growth, but little potentiation occurs in late plateau phase. The effect of exposing the cells to the two drugs consecutively in either order is greater than if the two agents are used at the same time. In vivo, it does not appear that pentamycin can greatly increase the cytocidal effect of bleomycin. PMID- 57792 TI - Intimal thickening in arteries of rats treated with synthetic sex hormones. AB - The effect of ethynyl oestradiol and chlormadinone acetate, separately and combined, on the aorta, carotid, mesenteric and renal arteries of female rats was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy. The hormones were injected daily for either 30 or 90 days. The most constant finding was intimal thickening which consisted mainly of areas of subendothelially located smooth muscle cells. Each artery was given a score from 0 to 3 according to the degree of development of these areas. Ethynyl oestradiol, unlike chlormadinone acetate, was associated with sustained significant enhancement of both incidence and degree of intimal thickening. With the combined treatment, the degree of intimal thickening in the 30-day group was not appreciably different from that obtained with oestrogen alone. However, in the 90-day group it was significantly less in arteries other than the aorta, suggesting that the progestogen inhibited the enhancing effect of the oestrogen on the proliferative process in these arteries. PMID- 57793 TI - Three approaches to the radioimmunoassay of human beta-thromboglobulin. AB - Three radioimmunoassays for the measurement of beta-thromboglobulin are described. The standard method, using antiserum in solution, could be used to measure plasma concentrations of beta-thromboglobulin with the results available after 2-3 d. The use of a greater dilution of antiserum and tracer, with delayed addition of tracer, resulted in a more sensitive assay suitable for measuring b thromboglobulin in urine. The use of a solid-couples antiserum under non equilibrium conditions allowed the measurement of plasma levels of beta thromboglobulin after an assay incubation time of 1 h. These three radioimmunoassay systems for beta-thromboglobulin cover the likely clinical requirements for the measurement of this platelet specific protein. PMID- 57794 TI - Studies on liberation of beta-thromboglobulin from human platelets in vitro. AB - A platelet specific protein, beta-thromboglobulin, is liberated during the preparation of platelet poor plasma. Using combinations of different anticoagulant and anti-platelet compounds, this release can be significantly reduced. The best results were obtained when native blood was collected as soon as possible into a mixture of EDTA, prostaglandin E1 and theophylline and maintained and processed at a temperature between 0 and 4 degrees C. These technical innovations have permitted the use of a radioimmunoassay for beta thromboglobulin on plasma samples in clinical practice. PMID- 57795 TI - Teaching interviewing skills to medical students: a comparison of two methods. AB - A group training course utilizing videotaped material and discussion proved to be as effective as traditional methods in teaching medical students to obtain information from co-operative psychiatric patients. There were also some clear indications that group video training may prove valuable in teaching specific interview techniques, although its full potential in this area has yet to be explored. PMID- 57796 TI - Audiotape slide programmes: equipment and production. AB - The number of medical audiotape-slide programmes available has been rapidly increasing. A typical programme comprises a cassette tape and a set of slides. A questionnaire or workbook may also be provided, e.g. in the programmes which may be borrowed or purchased from the Medical Recording Service Foundation. For playback a cassette recorder and projector will suffice or, for economy, a stacking viewer may be used. Automated apparatus is not essential and if used should be of the correct 'USPEC 2' standard. To produce audiotape-slide programmes is more exacting than may be anticipated, and details of the procedure are provided. Programmes should be assessed and upgraded after their production. PMID- 57797 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein levels in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid during prostaglandin-induced mid-trimester abortions: the relation to fetal distress and death. AB - Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels were measured in both plasma and amniotic fluid during 43 abortions induced with prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) and their relationship to the induction-abortion interval and signs of fetal distress or intrauterine death examined. The mean plasma AFP levels showed a progressive rise after PGF2alpha administration but abnormally high levels were found infrequently until the time of delivery. Feto-maternal bleeding could explain the abnormally high plasma AFP levels which occurred early in a few cases. A shorter induction abortion interval was found in patients with normal plasma AFP levels. Neither fetal distress nor intrauterine death were associated with abnormally high plasma AFP levels. No change in AFP levels in amniotic fluid was found. PMID- 57798 TI - The placental and fetal response to the intra-amniotic injection of prostaglandin F2alpha in midtrimester abortions. AB - The placental and fetal response to the intra-amniotic injection of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) for midtrimester abortions was evaluated. Maternal blood samples for radioimmunological determinations of serum progesterone, human placental lactogen (HPL) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were taken before and serially until 24 hours after the injection of 40 mg (nine patients) or 75 mg (seven patients) of PGF2alpha. Fetal heart action was monitored ultrasonically during the same period. The average induction-abortion interval was 22-6 hours and was indepedent of the dose of PGF2alpha used. The mean progesterone and HPL levels showed a significant fall half an hour after PGF2alpha. The constant decreases began only at 5 hours and later. The mean AFP levels increased rapidly after 5 hours following injection of PGF2alpha. The feral heart stopped at a mean of 10-4 hours (range 0-5 to 25 hours) after the injection of PGF2alpha. No relationship between the time of fetal death or rises in AFP and the induction abortion interval could be detected. The primary hormonal response of the placenta and the efficacy of exogenous PGF2alpha were not related, indicating the possibility that the abortifacient property of PGF2alpha is not related to its primary effect on placental hormone synthesis or release. PMID- 57799 TI - A serial study of pregnancy proteins in primigravidae. AB - The plasma concentrations from four 'pregnancy proteins' and three steroid hormones have been measured throughout pregnancy in 15 primigravidae. Two of the proteins, human placental lactogen (HPL) and pregnancy-specific beta1 glycoprotein (PSbetaG), are specific for pregnancy and correlate well with the stage of gestation. It is suggested that measurement of PSbetaG may be useful in assessing feto-placental wellbeing. Neither of the pregnancy-associated proteins, steriod-binding beta-globulin (SBbetaG) and pregnancy-associated alpha2 glycoprotein (alpha2-PAG), correlated with the length of gestation although, near term, plasma alpha2-PAG levels appeared to be related to fetal weight. In addition, no correlation has been demonstrated between placental or fetal weight and any of the pregnancy-specific proteins or steroid hormones studied. PMID- 57800 TI - Single channel conductance at lipid bilayer membranes in presence of monazomycin. PMID- 57801 TI - Voltage-induced thickness changes of lipid bilayer membranes and the effect of an electrin field on gramicidin A channel formation. AB - The thickness changes of black lipid membranes of different composition after a voltage jump were investigated. In a second series of electrical relaxation experiments the kinetics of channel formation by gramicidin A were measured. The time course of the membrane current was compared with the time course of the thickness change of the membranes. We found that the time course of the current as a consequence of channel formation by gramicidin A did not correlate with the thickness change of the lipid membranes. A possible direct influence of the electric field is discussed. PMID- 57802 TI - The solution behavior of the bovine myelin basic protein in the presence of anionic ligands. Binding behavior with the red component of trypan blue and sodium dodecyl sulfate. AB - The interaction of the azo dye (2,3'-dimethyldiphenyl-7-azo-8-amino-1-napthol 3,6 disulfonic acid (TBR) and sodium dodecyl sulfate with the bovine myelin basic protein has been studied using absorbance, circular dichroism and 220 MHz PMR spectroscopy. Additional analyses of the binding reaction were carried out using light scattering, ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic techniques. A procedure for preparing pure TBR was developed. A modified structure for this synthesized TBR has been suggested. The mechanism of TBR binding to the myelin basic protein was found to be metachromatic. In addition, the interaction of TBR with the basic protein which gives rise to aggregation of the dye bound species was found to be analogous to the model proposed by Schwarz, G. and Seelig-Loffler, A. ((1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 379, 125-138) to explain the binding of acridine orange with poly (alpha-L-glutamic acid). PMR spectral analyses suggested that arginine residues provide the majority of primary sites of attachment on the basic protein for TBR. The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate binding with the bovine myelin basic protein was found to induce a minimal change in the conformation of the protein. The induction of only about 20% alpha helial structure could be demonstrated and the binding was reversed by raising the solution temperature to 73 degrees C. The difference in the observed behavior of basic protein arising from TBR binding as opposed to the binding of sodium dodecyl sulfate is viewed as resulting from two different binding mechanisms. The binding behavior of TBR is primarily a consequence of charge-charge interaction while the binding effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate are a consequence of hydrophobic interaction. The sodium dodecyl sulfate binding acts as a shield which limits charge-charge interaction in the basic protein molecule thus preventing aggregate formation while TBR imposes no such restraints. PMID- 57803 TI - Binding of 17beta-estradiol by variants of alpha-fetoprotein in rat amniotic fluid. AB - Two variants of alpha-fetoprotein in rat amniotic fluid were separated by their different affinity for concanavalin A-Sepharose, which selectively binds alpha-D manno-pyranosides and alpha-D-glucopyranosides. Both forms had the same mobility upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The binding of 17beta-estradiol per mg of alpha-fetoprotein, determined both immunologically and electrophoretically, was the same for both variants. These results indicate that a specific carbohydrate portion of the molecule is not necessary for steroid binding. PMID- 57804 TI - The high molecular weight proteins released from cultured cells. AB - Studies have been performed with the serum-free culture medium taken from several fibroblast monolayer culture lines. A high molecular weight protein fraction was separated from the concentrated medium by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to assess the degree of purification obtained. In the electron microscope the negatively stained high molecular weight proteins were found to closely resemble the alpha2 macroglobulins. The suggestion that these proteins from cultured cells resemble the cylindrical protein complex isolated from mammalian erythrocyte ghosts is not supported by this study. The results are discussed in the light of the extensive literature now available on the electron microscopy of high molecular weight proteins. PMID- 57805 TI - Enzymic and immunochemical properties of lysozyme. XVI. A novel synthetic approach to an antigenic reactive site by direct linkage of the relevant conformationally adjacent residues constituting the site. AB - Previous studies from this laboratory on the immunochemistry of specific chemical derivatives of native lysozyme and of the two disulfide peptide 62-68 (Cys 64-Cys 80) 74-97 (Cys 76-Cys 94) (i.e. (SS)2-peptide), have established an antigenic reactive site to comprise the spatially contiguous surface residues: Trp 72, Lys 97, Lys 96, Asn 93, Thr 89 and Asp 87. In the present work, the identity of the site was verified by an entirely different and novel approach. The aforementioned amino acids were linked directly into a single linear peptide with an intervening spacer where appropriate and substituting phenylalanine for tryptophan (i.e. Phe Gly-Lys-Asn-Thr-Asp). This peptide (which does not exist in native lysozyme but simulates a surface region of the protein) possessed a remarkable inhibitory activity towards the reaction of lysozyme with its antisera. The immunochemical reactivity of the peptide was equal to the maximum expected reactivity of the site (i.e. a third of the total antigenic reactivity of lysozyme). These findings define quite conclusively and accurately the reactive site which is clearly composed of spatially adjacent residues that are distant in sequence reacting as if in direct linear linkage. The unequivocal establishment of this concept indicates that antigenic sites need not always be composed of residues in direct peptide linkage in the sequence. The nature of the site may depend on the protein. This unorthodox attack at the problem provides a novel and powerful approach for final delineation of the antigenic reactive sites (and perhaps other types of binding sites) in native proteins, following the completion of accurate narrowing down by chemical methods. PMID- 57806 TI - Gramicidin S-synthetase. Preparation of the multienzymic complex with a high specific activity. AB - A new purification procedure for the multienzyme of gramicidin S-synthetase has been developed. In vitro proteolysis with partial inactivation is suppressed by protease inhibitors EDTA, phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, and fast preparation methods during initial separation steps. Activity has only been assayed by the total reaction of gramicidin S-synthetase, not by partial reactions of amino acid activation. The assay has been improved by evaluation of inhibitory concentrations of buffers, salts, and the product gramicidin S. It has been demonstrated that the rate of peptide synthesis in extracts containing both enzymes of gramicidin S-synthetase depends on protein concentration in a second order function. The multienzyme or heavy enzyme has been purified about 1400-fold to a specific activity of 24 nM/min per mg of protein, and the relation of this activity to the calculated in vivo activity is discussed. PMID- 57807 TI - Mitochondrial and nuclear glutamate dehydrogenases in Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture. AB - Nuclear glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3) activity has been demonstrated in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Some characteristics of this enzyme have been examined and compared with those of the mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase from the same source. Differences were detected in the extent of the activation by inorganic phosphate, in the pH versus activity curves, in the affinity of the two enzymes for the cofactor NAD+ and in the electrophosretic mobility. A different rate of decay of the two enzymes has been observed in cells grown in the presence of chloramphenicol. Immunological studies show that, as in ox liver, the nuclear enzyme has specific antigenic determinants besides those in common with mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase. Finally, experiments of thermal inactivation indicate a higher stability of the mitochondrial enzyme. PMID- 57808 TI - [Letter: Limiting stages of induced ion transport through lipid membranes]. PMID- 57809 TI - Current questions on the tumour-associated antigens of chemically-induced tumours II. In search of practical uses. AB - With special reference to tumours which were chemically-induced in animals, we present a brief review on the applicability of the results obtained, as to immunoprophylaxis and to immunotherapy. A search is made onto what are the mostly representative animal models for human studies. From the present available data, experimental chemically-induced bladder and colonic tumours seem to be the "best" models for human counterparts. PMID- 57810 TI - Standardization in human cytogenetics. PMID- 57811 TI - Diatom diversity as a function of insecticidal treatment with a controlled release formulation of chlorpyrifos. AB - Following treatment with a controlled-release formulation of chlorpyrifos, no substantial differences between diversity estimates were evident for 6 post treatment weeks for both treated and control plots. By post-treatment week 12, significant decreases in diversity estimates occurred in treated plots, suggesting that a directly proportional relationship exists between chlorpyrifos concentrations and reduced diatom colonization through time. Comparatively, diatom colonization progress "normally" and populations proceeded toward "maturity" in the control plots as indicated by the increase in the diversity estimates between post-treatment weeks 6 and 12. Any adverse effects due to the insecticidal treatment, however, were not considered to be environmentally deleterious in light of the restricted type of habitat (rice culture) in which the chlorpyrifos was used. PMID- 57812 TI - [Microcinematographic study of goniocytes in culture before and after application of cortisone]. PMID- 57813 TI - Teaching basic flap designs with sponge models. PMID- 57814 TI - Volume estimation of the seminal vesicles by means of transrectal ultrasonotomography: a preliminary report. AB - The volume of the seminal vesicles was estimated in 27 cases by means of transrectal ultrasonotomography. The seminal vesicles of normal subjects were found to be generally larger than in cases of prostatic hypertrophy or cancer. The volume of the seminal vesicles in Klinefelter's syndrome was remarkably small. The correlation between the volume of the seminal vesicles and of the prostate is given. PMID- 57815 TI - The effect of bromocriptine in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. AB - A double blind trial of bromocriptine in the treatment of 14 patients with the symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy is reported. 5 patients did not complete the trial mainly because of side-effects due to an overdosage of bromocriptine. In the remaining 9 patients there was symptomatic improvement in 6, with objective evidence of improvement in 3 patients on flow rate measurements. The possible modes of action of bromocriptine in this condition are discussed. PMID- 57816 TI - Editorial: Pancreatic pain. PMID- 57817 TI - Immunological studies in pre-eclamptic toxaemia. AB - Although five patients with severe pre-eclamptic toxaemia (PET) had increased anticomplementary activity in their serum, there was no evidence of complement activation in the plasma of four of the five patients. These results are not implicated in the pathogenesis of PET. No significant correlation was found between anticomplementary activity and pregnancy-associated alpha2-glycoprotein. PMID- 57818 TI - Polyarthritis in adults with hypogammaglobulinaemia and its rapid response to immunoglobulin treatment. AB - Five patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia developed a severe polyarthritis that had some features in common with rheumatoid arthritis. Their joint disease could be distinguished from rheumatoid arthritis, however, by the dramatic improvement after gammaglobulin treatment. The arthritis of hypogammaglobulinaemia can, therefore, be included among the few potentially curable polyarthritides. PMID- 57819 TI - Transneuronal or retrograde transport of (3H)adenosine in the rat somatic sensory system. PMID- 57820 TI - Axonal transport in serotonin neurons of the midbrain raphe. AB - The projections of serotonin-containing neurons of the midbrain raphe nuclei (nucleus raphe dorsalis, nucleus centralis superior) are studied by analysis of axonal transport of labeled amino acids. These results are correlated with regional alterations of serotonin content following midbrain raphe lesions which produce significant serotonin depletion in nearly all regions of the central nervous system. Twenty-four hours following injection of 100 muCi [3H]proline, raphe neurons have taken up labeled material and transported it, presumably as protein, to telencephalon, diencephalon, brain stem, the cerebellum and the spinal cord. This transport appears to take place predominantly in serotonin neurons. After injection of 100 muCi [3H]5-HTP into nucleus raphe dorsalis or nucleus centralis superior, the pattern of regional distribution of transported material is very similar to that obtained with tritiated proline. Selective lesions of serotonin terminals with 5.6-DHT result in greatly diminished axonal transport of proteins to all telencephalic, diencephalic and mesencephalic areas as well as to cerebellum, pons-medulla and spinal cord. Unilateral destruction of the medial forebrain bundle results in significant reduction in axonal transport of labeled material to ipsilateral telencehalon and thalamus. These results provide further support for the view that serotonin neurons of the midbrain raphe nuclei project widely throughout the neuraxis to telencephalon, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum and spinal cord. PMID- 57821 TI - Encephalitogenic properties of myelin from the quaking mutant. PMID- 57822 TI - Effect of bleomycin on deoxynucleotide-polymerizing enzymes from human cells. AB - DNA polymerases alpha and beta from Molt-4 cells are inhibited by bleomycin, whereas DNA polymerase gamma assayed with poly-(A)-(dT)12-18 as the template primer or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase assayed with activated DNA, poly(dA), (dG)12-18 or (dA)12-18 as the initiator are not inhibited by this antibiotic. Inhibition by bleomycin increased the Km for template DNA but not that for dTTP. Increasing amounts of bleomycin did not affect the Vmax for DNA polymerase alpha or beta when the amount of template DNA was varied but it reduced the Vmax for these enzymes when dTTP was varied. Moreover, the addition of extra template reversed the bleomycin inhibition but the addition of extra enzyme did not. Although dithiothreitol was required for bleomycin inhibition of DNA polymerase activity, bleomycin preincubated with dithiothreitol (or beta mercaptoethanol) at pH 6.5 to 9.0 lost its inhibitory activity. This was not the case when DNA was also included in the preincubation mixture. The results obtained in this study indicate that bleomycin inhibits DNA polymerases alpha and beta by a thiol reagent-dependent interaction with the template. Thus, the antitumor activity of bleomycin may be greatly influenced by the concentration of sulfhydryl compounds and their proximity to DNA in the target cells. PMID- 57823 TI - Shared antigens between bacteria and guinea pig line 10 hepatocarcinoma cells. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the possibility that Listeria monocytogenes, Brucella abortus, and Salmonella typhimurium share antigenic components with guinea pig line 10 hepatocarcinoma cells. Rabbits were immunized with sonicates of these bacteria or line 10 tumor cells. Other rabbits were immunized with line 1 cells, a tumor with antigenic characteristics different from those of line 10. The binding of antibodies to radiolabeled antigens prepared from extracts of bacteria and line 10 cells was studied by precipitation of radiolabeled antigen-antibody complexes with anti-rabbit immunoglobulin. Antibodies in sera from rabbits immunized with these bacteria and line 10 cells bound both the labeled bacteria and line 10 antigens. Antibodies in sera from rabbits immunized with line 1 cells did not bind the bacterial antigens. Inhibition studies involving reactions between radiolabeled Listeria and line 10 antigens and antibodies to Listeria and line 10 cells confirmed that the binding reactions were specific and that line 10 cells shared antigens with Listeria cells. The possibility that B. abortus and S. typhimurium also shared antigens with line 10 cells was suggested. Whether antigens shared by these bacteria and line 10 cells are identical with tumor-specific antigens was not determined. PMID- 57824 TI - Characterization of carcinoembryonic antigen fractionated by concanavalin A chromatography. AB - A small percentage (15%) of particles morphologically distinct from carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) cruller-like particles (averaging 9 x 40 nm) as determined by electron microscopy, and previously presumed to be impurities, has been removed from CEA preparations by concanavalin A (Con A) affinity chromatography. The first of four affinity fractions constituted 45% of the recovered weight; the last, which constituted 17% of the recovered weight, was obtained only after a 2-day soak in 20% alpha-D-mannopyranoside. The affinity fractions were of essentially equivalent specific activity, morphological appearance, and composition. They all demonstrated markedly different chemical compositions and an approximately 100-fold higher specific activity than the bulk of the nonaffinity material. Thus, the bulk of the Con A-nonbound fractions apparently is not CEA but contaminating particles of several different varieties. Compositional analyses further indicated that the mannose content of various CEA fractions was directly correlated with Con A binding affinity, amino acid content, morphological type, and CEA specific activity. This led to the conclusion that the protein chain of the various CEA preparations fractionated by us is characteristic. An attempt to fractionate very impure crude CEA by Con A affinity chromatography indicated that this scheme cannot by itself produce as pure CEA as standard methods. Thus, for the first time the effectiveness of the purification of a glycoprotein has been successfully monitored by electron microscopy, demonstrating that the cruller-like appearance of the CEA particle is closely related to antigenic specificity. Whether antisera to our affinity fractions will improve the specificity and sensitivity of the clinical assay is currently being investigated. PMID- 57825 TI - Structural and immunological relationships of isoferritins in normal and malignant cells. AB - Ferritins from normal adult human liver and heart were compared with ferritins from a lung carcinoma metastatic to liver and from HeLa cells on the basis of their isoferritin profiles, subunit composition, and immunological relationships. Each ferritin preparation gave different isoferritin profiles, but several contained common isoferritins. All of the tumor isoferritins had counterparts in the normal tissues. All ferritins contained similar subunits but in different proportions. Qualitative differences were demonstrable in some ferritins with antibodies to different tissue ferritins. These differences correlated with the subunit composition of the ferritins. By appropriate absorption, an antibody population was obtained that was apparently specific for one subunit type. Heart ferritin gave lines of apparent identity with the tumor ferritins with these antibodies. It is concluded that tumor ferritins are not tumor-specific antigens but correspond to isoferritins in normal adult heart. PMID- 57826 TI - Erythroid differentiation in cultured Friend leukemia cells treated with metabolic inhibitors. AB - The induction of erythroid differentiation in the T3-C12 clone of Friend leukemia cells by dimethyl sulfoxide is accompanied by reduction in viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity with increased cellular delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity and hemoglobin synthesis. These cells were treated with a variety of compounds to determine whether other durgs are capable on inducing erythroid differentiation. While several hormones, inhibitors of RNA synthesis, organic solvents, inhibitors of DNA polymerase, sulfhydryl inhibitors, and inducers of delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase administered singly did not stimulate hemoglobin synthesis like dimethyl sulfoxide, inhibitors of DNA and RNA synthesis such as adriamycin, mitomycin C, and hydroxyurea:mithramycin were synergistic in stimulating erythroid differentiation. PMID- 57827 TI - Isolation of a novel glycoprotein (EDC1) from the urine of a patient with acute myelocytic leukemia. AB - Gel filtration of urine from Patient ED with acute myelocytic leukemia showed a prominent protein peak with elution position corresponding to molecular weights of 20,000 to 35,000. The protein (EDC1) was isolated in pure form by sequential gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Molecular weight of purified EDC1 was 27,000; it contained 27% carbohydrate and was rich in half-cystine (5% of residues). EDC1 was antigenically and chemically distinct from the recognized glycoproteins of normal plasma. With a specific rabbit antiserum and 125l-labeled EDC1, a radioimmunoassay for the glycoprotein was developed. Both noncancer and cancer plasmas contained immunoreactive material. In noncancer plasma, all the immunoreactivity was eluted from Sephadex G-75 and G-200 in position corresponding to molecular weights of 60,000 to 100,000 (Peak 1). In cancer plasma, an additional peak of immunoreactivity was eluted in the position corresponding to EDC1 (M.W., 20,000 to 30,000; Peak 2). Eighty-six % of urines from patients without clinical cancer were nonreactive in radioimmunoassay (less than 0.1 microgram immunoreactive EDC1 per ml); 11 and 3%, respectively, contained immunoreactivity equivalent to 0.1 to 0.9 and 1 to 9 microgram EDC1 per mi, entirely of Peak 1 type. Ninety-one % of urines from patients with disseminated cancer contained immunoreactivity equivalent to 10 to 9,999 microgram EDC1 per ml, primarily of Peak 2 type. PMID- 57828 TI - Uridine 5'-diphosphate-galactose:glycoprotein galactosyltransferase activity in the ovarian cancer patient. AB - Uridine 5'-diphosphate-galactose:glycoprotein galactosyltransferase activity was demonstrated in homogenates of normal ovary and ovarian epithelial adenocarcinomas. The specific activity of the enzyme in ovarian tumors was 3 to 5 times higher than in normal ovaries when the enzyme was assayed under identical conditions. The glycoprotein fetuin, from which terminal sialic acid and penultimate galactose were removed (fetuin minus N-acetylneuraminis acid and galactose), acted as an excellent exogenous acceptor. Galactosyltransferase from normal ovary and ovarian tumor cells had similar properties. Both required Mn2+ and Triton X-100 and had broad pH optima between 5.5 and 7. Galactosyltransferase activity was also measured in serum samples from ovarian cancer patients and normal healthy individuals in the presence of fetuin minus N-acetylneuraminic acid and galactose as exogenous acceptor. The enzyme levels were significantly elevated in the sera of ovarian cancer patients as compared to normal controls. The differences in the levels of this enzyme in the tissues and sera of normal individuals and ovarian cancer patients were not due to differential levels of the degrading enzymes such as uridine 5'-diphosphate-galactose pyrophosphatase or beta-D-galactosidase. Serial determinations were carried out on the sera of 5 ovarian cancer patients over a long period of time. The serum level of galactosyltransferase activity appeared to correlate with tumor volume as well as with the clinical status of the patient, which suggests possible leakage of the tumor enzyme into the host sera. Serial determination of this enzyme level in ovarian cancer patients seems promising in measuring tumor progression or success of therapeutic approaches. PMID- 57829 TI - On the occurrence of argyrophil cells in salivary glands. AB - Salivary glands (parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands) of nine mammalian species were investigated with respect to presence and localization of argyrophil and argentaffin cells. With the exception of the parotid gland of the rat, no positive staining was observed within the examined glands. In the rat parotid distinctly argyrophil cells could be demonstrated in the intercalated ducts. Histochemical studies of the cells, ultrastructural analysis of their cytoplasmic granules as well as their reactions to certain drugs indicate that these cells are of exocrine rather than of endocrine nature. After a subcutaneous injection of pilocarpine, the intensity of the argyrophil staining was markedly reduced. No specific catecholamine fluorescence could be detected within the cells, not even after pretreatment of the animals with high doses of L-DOPA. The membrane-bounded cytoplasmic granules of the intercalated duct cells furthermore displayed a strong positive staining reaction after treatment of ultrathin Vestopal sections with the periodic acid-chromic acid-silver technique of Rambourg et al. (1969). PMID- 57830 TI - Visualization of the retino-hypothalamic projection in the rat by cobalt precipitation. AB - The technique of cobalt sulfide precipitation combined with Timm's sulfide-silver method for intensification of heavy metals was used to delineate the retino hypothalamic projection of the rat. Freshly isolated rat brains were dissected and a solution of cobaltous chloride was applied to one of the cut optic nerves. Sixteen hours later, after cobalt ions had passed into the brain along the entire length of the optic fibers, the preparation was treated with ammonium sulfide to precipitate the cobalt as cobalt sulfide. In thick light microscopic sections, cobalt-filled axons were visualized as black fibers against a light gold background. Such fibers were observed to leave the posterior medial portion of the optic chiasm and, after arching dorsally, to project into the posterior fifth of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), as well as into the rostral part of the arcuate nucleus. Neither bifurcation of these axons nor looping of the axons back to the chiasm was seen. Most fibers projected to the SCN contralateral to the filled nerve, but the projection represented less than 0.1% of the total number of fibers in one optic nerve. These observations are considered to be graphic evidence of a retino-hypothalamic projection. The interpretation of the cobalt method is discussed, as are the functions of the connections that have been observed. PMID- 57832 TI - The value of the Nile Blue Sulphate test in estimating fetal maturity. PMID- 57831 TI - On argyrophil reactions of endocrine cells in the human fetal pancreas: a light and electron microscopic study. AB - The endocrine cells in the pancreas of five human fetuses with gestational ages of 18-20 weeks were examined by light and electron microscopy with special regard to argyrophil reactions. B-cells and typical A- and D-cells were easily identified electron microscopically on the basis of their typical secretory granules. In the Grimelius argyrophil silver stain, a concentration of silver grains over the less electron dense peripheral mantle of the A-cell secretory granules was observed by electron microscopy. In the Hellerstrom and Hellman modification of the argyrophil Davenport alcoholic silver stain, silver grains were concentrated over the internal structures of the D-cell secretory granules. With this stain an accumulation of silver grains was also seen at the surface of the A-cell secretory granules. The argyrophil reaction of the A-granules was less pronounced than in the D-cells. In addition to B-cells and A- and D-cells, two other types of endocrine cell were observed by electron microscopy. These cells were argyrophil with the silver impregnation method of Grimelius. The electron microscopic findings at least partly explain the frequent overlapping between the two staining methods observed at the light microscope level. PMID- 57833 TI - Modulation and regrowth of allotype on normal rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes: allelic inclusion of b4 and b6 in single cells. PMID- 57834 TI - Further studies on Th-B, a cell surface antigenic determinant present on mouse B cells, plasma cells and immature thymocytes. PMID- 57835 TI - Specific in vitro lymphocyte transformation with Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. PMID- 57836 TI - The biosynthesis of cytidine nucleotides and the level of cytochrome P-450 in rat liver after administration of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane. PMID- 57837 TI - Novel metaphase chromosome anomaly in cells with specialized products. PMID- 57838 TI - Purification and radioimmunoassay of human alpha-1-fetoprotein: the effect of aggregates on the radioimmunoassay. AB - A simple method for the extraction of alpha1-fetoprotein from fetal serum in high yield and of sufficient purity for use as radio-iodinated tracer in a radioimmunoassay is described. The purified alpha1-fetoprotein formed aggregates during storage. The presence of 125I-labelled aggregates affected the double antibody radioimmunoassay by increasing the non-specific bound, resulting in decreases assay sensitivity. Freshly prepared 125I-labelled monomer alpha1 fetoprotein is prepared for each assay. The radioimmunoassay described is sensitive to between 100 and 200 pg per tube. Normal adult serum levels were found to be in the range from less than 1 mug/l to 16 mug/l. PMID- 57839 TI - The radiotherapy of melanoma. PMID- 57840 TI - The immunopharmacology of the immediate allergic response in skin. PMID- 57841 TI - Immune complexes in skin of NZB/NZW mice. AB - Skin biopsies were performed on female (NZB X NZW)F1 mice (B/W) at ages ranging from 1 to 12 months. The control strain was the C57B1/6. Immunoglobulin G and beta 1C globulin deposition was sought using the indirect immunofluorescence method. Both globulins were detected consistently at the dermal-epidermal junction from the age of 6 months. The pattern of staining was granular, and progressed from focal deposition to confluent and diffuse involvement of the basement membrane at 9-10 months of age. No staining was observed in any of the C57B1/6 mice up to 14 months of age. These findings increase the resemblance of B/W disease to human systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 57842 TI - Social and environmental factors in assessing school readiness. A report of some preliminary investigations. PMID- 57843 TI - Human serum alpha2-macroglobulin: immunological cross-reactivity with alpha2 macroglobulins in vertebrate sera. PMID- 57844 TI - Cerebral ganglion of Aplysia: cellular organization and origin of nerves. PMID- 57845 TI - Serum chemistry of the small Indian mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus. PMID- 57846 TI - The comparative antigenic structure of mammalian erythrocyte catalase. PMID- 57847 TI - RNA tumor viruses and human cancer. PMID- 57848 TI - Drawings as a therapeutic medium. The treatment of separation anxiety in a 4-year old boy. AB - This paper describes a 4-year-old boy whose presenting problem was anxiety. The treatment used is of particular interest because of the graphic exposition of the development of the therapeutic alliance, the immediacy of the Oedipal issues, and the usefulness of child's drawings as a therapeutic medium. The phases of therapy are reflected in the drawings, as is identification with the therapist and the integration of loss when patient and therapist terminate. PMID- 57849 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmias in the chronic phase of myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Incidence and type of arrhythmia, using continuous ECG monitoring, were examined in 79 patients six weeks to 24 months after acute myocardial infarction, the findings being compared with arrhythmias at rest and on exercise, and correlated with signs of heart failure and coronary insufficiency. Arrhythmias were revealed in 16% (n = 13 at rest) and 19% (n = 10 of 52) on exercise. But continuous ECG monitoring revealed it in 86% (n = 68). On the other hand, arrhythmias may occur in the resting ECG but be rare on continuous monitoring. Ventricular extrasystoles were the most common arrhythmia, often multifocal and giving rise to bigeminy, only rarely as a result of exercise. Such extrasystoles usually showed right or right and left bundle conduction delays. Their frequency increased with increasing age of the patient. They were particularly frequent in patient who already had cardiac symptoms at rest, in patients with a large heart, and those who could not easily be exercised. Arrhythmias were more frequent a year after infarction than shortly before discharge from hospital or six months after infarction. PMID- 57850 TI - [Model experiments in pheasants using an insecticide (lindane), a herbicide (terbutryn), a mineral fertilizer (calcium ammonium saltpeter), and a fungicide (HCB). IV. Lindane]. PMID- 57851 TI - [Light- and electron microscopy studies on the nervous network in the gastric mucosa and their relations to the border and mast cells]. PMID- 57852 TI - Epileptogenesis of human limbic neurons in psychomotor epileptics. AB - Different stages of epileptogenesis of neurons in deep temporal lobe structures have been studied with fine wire microelectrodes chronically implanted in patients with drug-refractory psychomotor epilepsy. The interictal firing patterns of single neurons ipsilateral to the focus (identified by EEG seizure onset and/or neuropathology studies and seizure reduction following anterior temporal lobectomy) often exhibited burst when contralateral neurons did not. The intraburst sequence of action potentials was not organized or reliable except in one focal hippocampal neuron. Bursts of action potentials often occurred in the absence of regional sharp waves recorded with the same microelectrode; however, sharp waves with fast rise times were almost always associated with action potentials from nearby neurons. During sub-clinical EEG seizures, when EEG abnormalities did not propagate contralaterally, neurons were activated in rough proportion to the intensity of EEG activation and extent of spread of seizure activity to ipsilateral temporal lobe structures. During clinical seizures, involving both hemispheres, firing rates of neurons near the focus increased during the small amplitude high-frequency EEG phase and decreased as this high frequency rhythmical waveform increased in amplitude. Variable firing rates followed until the clonic EEG phase, where a reliable excitation of neurons occurred during the sharp waves and strong inhibition during the following slow waves. Between these sharp--slow wave events many neurons were inhibited, but to a lesser degree and for longer than the post-excitation inhibition. These neurophysiological phenomena are discussed in relation to the literature on cellular mechanisms of epileptogenesis in experimental epilepsy. PMID- 57853 TI - The EEG response to repetitive photic stimulation in various regions of the chicken brain. AB - The EEG response in the chicken to repetitive photic stimulation was studied by frequency analysis and by the averaged response. Evoked responses were observable not only in stations along the visual pathway but also in broad areas apart from the visual pathway. The electrical activity in the archistriatum showed a marked response to flickering stimuli, indicating that this area is involved in the visual function in the chicken. In other telencephalic areas, photically evoked potentials could not be clearly demonstrated in the EEG records. In the hypothalamus and the nucleus rotundus of the diencephalon and in the nucleus reticularis superior of the mesencephalon, sinusoidal waves appeared during stimulation at 8-13/sec. No rhythmic after-discharge was observed following termination of photic stimulation. These finding are indicative of the difference of the visual response in the chicken from previously reported responses in other species. PMID- 57854 TI - Recording of the cochlear microphonic potential with surface electrodes. AB - The cochlear microphonic potential was recorded in human subjects with surface electrodes (earlobe clip and scalp vertex disc) and an averaging procedure. Special precautions were taken to identify and separate artefactual, neural and microphonic components. These included shielding of the earphone, a rubber tube to introduce a time delay between artefact and biological response and white noise to mask the neural component. The cochlear microphonic potential was larger in amplitude in response to low frequency sounds and had a high threshold. Two clinical cases of cochlear hearing loss are presented, both lacking neural responses. The cochlear microphonic potential was present in one of them (i.e., neural hearing loss) and absent in the other (i.e., sensory hearing loss). PMID- 57855 TI - Relationship of the magnetoencephalogram to the electroencephalogram. Normal wake and sleep activity. PMID- 57856 TI - Excitability of human motoneurones after discharge in a conditioning reflex. AB - A new method of exploring the H reflex excitability cycle is proposed which permits the exploration of motoneurones that discharged in response to the conditioning shock. This is made possible by using a test stimulus supramaximal for the alpha motor fibres of the nerve, which causes a collision in the alpha fibres between the orthodromic conditioning reflex volley and the antidromic motor volley. As a result of this collision, a test reflex contraction appears in the EMG, due to motoneurones that have already discharged in the conditioning response. This method permits studies in human subjects of the poststimulus refractory period of motoneurones as well as the early inhibitory phenomena related to the conditioning stimulus and response. It is shown that during the initial period of the classical H reflex excitability cycle, the test shock explores only alpha motoneurones corresponding to a fringe of cells subliminally excited by the conditioning stimulus. The difference between the populations of motoneurones tested by the two methods explains the differences between the features of the cycles obtained. PMID- 57857 TI - Regulation of slow potential shifts in nucleus reticularis thalami by the mesencephalic reticular formation and the frontal granular cortex. AB - Novel stimuli or electric stimulation of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) produced large positive slow potentials (SPs) in rostral nucleus reticularis thalami (RVA) that accompanied the negative SPs known to occur in frontal cortex. SP durations (20-30 sec) were similar to the periods of unit inhibition that occur in RVA following MRF stimulation. Trains of 8 c/sec medial thalamic stimuli produced phasic negative SPs in RVA similar in duration to the intervals of unit excitation that follow each stimulus pulse. These results suggest that the polarity and duration of the SPs in RVA reflect changes in excitation of the underlying neurons. Direct activation of a specific region of RVA produced complete inhibition of visual cortex responses evoked by optic tract stimuli, a finding which suggests that RVA has an inhibitory action on the thalamus. A tone reinforced by electric shock also elicited SPs in frontal cortex (negative) and RVA (positive). In contrast to the long duration of the MRF- or novelty-elicited SPs, the durations of the conditioned SPs were phasic and were regulated by the tone--shock interval. Bilateral cryogenic blockade of the interconnections between the frontal cortex and medial thalamus abolished SPs of all origins in the frontal cortex. The blockade also abolished conditioned SPs in RVA, but did not affect the MRF-elicited ones. Thus, the subcortical SPs that accompany orienting to novel stimuli are distinct from those which occur during the higher cognitive process of conditioned expectancy and require the integrity of the mediothalamic-frontocortical system. PMID- 57858 TI - The relation between monosynaptic spinal reflex amplitudes and some EEG alpha activity parameters. AB - Some investigators have found that in normal human subjects the amplitudes of repetitively evoked tendon reflexes decrease as the number of evoked reflexes progresses. The question whether this decrement is a spinal phenomenon or that it can be ascribed to supraspinal influences that are related to the degree of cortical activation was investigated in two experiments designed to test whether a relation exists between the Hoffmann (H) and Achilles tendon (T) reflex amplitudes and EEG alpha activity parameters during a rest condition. The principal results can be summarized as follows: 1. A constant alpha index was accompanied by stable reflex amplitudes. 2. A decreasing alpha index was accompanied by decreasing reflex amplitudes. 3. A positive relation was found between H and T reflex amplitudes. 4. A positive relation was found between alpha index and alpha amplitude. 5. No circumscribed relation was found between the alpha wave period on the one side and the alpha index and amplitude on the other side. Apparently these relations are dependent on the state of activation of the subject. 6. The relations between the reflex amplitudes and the alpha parameters showed great interindividual differences. PMID- 57859 TI - A proportional controlled thermoregulator circuit of simple design. AB - This paper describes a proportional controlled thermoregulator circuit. The instrument controls D.C. current in the heating device, precluding the introduction of radiated interference by the heater. This circuit is capable of regulating the temperature of a typical decerebrated cat to within 0.1 degrees C. A dual channel temperature regulator can be constructed for about $ 300. PMID- 57860 TI - Field extraction and laboratory analysis of residues of Abate in streams treated for simulium control. PMID- 57861 TI - Food-hygienic aspects of the organochlorine restriction program in Hungary. PMID- 57862 TI - Investigations on the microbial degradation of Lindane in submerged and aerated moist soil. PMID- 57863 TI - Adsorption-desorption of Lindane and Aldrin by soils as affected by soil main components. PMID- 57864 TI - Insecticidal activity and biodegradability of lindane analogs. PMID- 57865 TI - The effect of lindane and DDT on the biological activity of estrogens in chicken. PMID- 57866 TI - Molecular orbital calculations for the isomers of 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexachlorocyclohexane. PMID- 57867 TI - A study of the aryl hydroxylase activity in the contamination of rabbits by Lindane and Barbital. PMID- 57868 TI - The implications of proteic metabolism on the chronic exposure to BHC and DDT. PMID- 57869 TI - Detection of early adverse effects of pesticides by neurotoxicological methods. PMID- 57870 TI - Chemistry and toxicology of pesticide chemicals. III. Toxicity of leptophos in the rat. PMID- 57871 TI - Chemistry and toxicology of pesticide chemicals. II. Stability of leptophos. PMID- 57872 TI - The effect of dursban on micro-flora in non-saline waters. PMID- 57873 TI - Monitoring of residues of Abate in streams treated for Simulium control. PMID- 57874 TI - Pollution of food by organochlorine insecticides and impregnation of human body with these pesticides in some regions of Rumania. PMID- 57875 TI - Pharmacokinetics of organochlorine pesticides in mammalian adipose tissue. PMID- 57876 TI - Distribution of 64Cu-bleomycin in normal and tumor-bearing rats. PMID- 57877 TI - Nuclear chromatin changes during erythroid differentiation of friend virus induced leukemic cells. PMID- 57878 TI - Fluorescence analysis of late DNA replication in mouse metaphase chromosomes using BUdR and 33258 Hoechst. PMID- 57879 TI - Molecular weight and sequence complexity of delta-crystallin mRNA. PMID- 57880 TI - A method to demonstrate the fine structural components of lens fibre cells. PMID- 57882 TI - Mechanisms of increased alpha1-fetoprotein production in hepatic injury. PMID- 57884 TI - [The pharmaceutical emblem]. PMID- 57885 TI - Effect of gramicidin S and its derivatives on the mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 57883 TI - Ultrastructural visualization of Cabot rings in pernicious anemia. AB - Using the ammoniacal silver stain, Cabot rings were identified in peripheral blood erythrocytes from patients with severe untreated pernicious anemia. Ultrastructural studies of these erythrocytes showed silver deposits in partial loops and figure-eight forms, indicating that arginine rich histone may be a prominent component of the Cabot ring. PMID- 57881 TI - The role of sialic acid in determining the life-span of circulating cells and glycoproteins. PMID- 57886 TI - Isolation and immunological characterization of a disulfide loop region in human fibrinogen alpha chain. PMID- 57887 TI - Inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction by the pregnancy zone protein. PMID- 57888 TI - Oncornaviral-like DNA polymerase activity in a case of childhood myelofibrotic syndrome. PMID- 57889 TI - [Visual information in pharmacies in the Lithuanian SSR]. PMID- 57890 TI - [Determination of solution by potentiometric titration]. PMID- 57891 TI - Structural studies of insulin and insulin derivatives using various immunologic indicators and antibody populations. AB - These studies suggest that the immunologic indicator in the radioimmune assay, 125I-iodoinsulin, selects antibody populations from within the antiserum that interact with determinants distant from the solvent surface on the insulin molecule to which iodine is substituted. Evidence is presented that the connecting peptide of proinsulin is in close proximity to regions on the solvent surface of the A-chain of insulin that include the tyrosyl residues at A-14 and A 19. A marked immunologic cross-reaction between derivatives of insulin with perturbations in the regions of tyrosyl A-14 and A-19 was noted in the radioimmune assay employing desalanine-(B-30)-desasparagine-(A-21)-insulin antiserum. This observation is consistent with the presence of a restricted population of antibodies in such antisera that is directed toward immunologic determinants in or near the insulin dimer site. The apparent immunologic activity of insulin derivatives depends on which antibody populations from the antiserum pool can react with the immunologic indicatory employed on the one hand and on the composition of antibodies in that antiserum on the other. These studies indicate that the specificity of antibody populations in a given antiserum can be identified and their levels quantitated with several assay systems, each employing one of a variety of indicators. PMID- 57892 TI - Combined effect of X-ray and bleomycin on cultured mammalian cells. AB - Investigations were carried out with cultured mammalian cell lines to assess the effect of combination of radiation and Bleomycin. When cells were treated with the antibiotic before and during exposure to X-rays, a slight potentiating effect was consistently found. The magnitude of potentiation of the radiation effect appeared to depend on the concentration of Bleomycin. When the cells were treated pulsewise at various periods after irradiation, the potentiating effect was found only during the first 2 hr. Simultaneous application of X-rays and Bleomycin provided the greatest effect. PMID- 57893 TI - Effect of bleomycin on DNA synthesis induction by phytohaemagglutinin in human lymphocyte cultures. PMID- 57894 TI - Establishment of a cell line and its clonal sublines from a patient with hepatoblastoma. AB - By cloning from cultivation in vitro of a human hepatoblastoma 3 epithelial cell lines were established, all of which produced alpha-fetoprotein and one of which did albumin in culture. Observation with electron microscopy demonstrated desmosomes and glycogen granules in the cytoplasm of these cells. The morphology, growth characteristics, alpha-fetoprotein production, heterotransplantability, and karyology of the cloned cells suggested that these clonal lines were derived from the tumor cells and retained their malignant characteristics. PMID- 57895 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein and albumin produced by subclonal cell population of the ascites hepatoma AH-66 in vitro. AB - Subclonal cell populations were prepared from a clonal line of the rat ascites hepatoma AH-66 in vitro, using the agar plate culture method. alpha-Fetoprotein and albumin concentrations in culture media of these subclones were determined by 125I-radioimmunoassay and single radial immunodiffusion method, respectively. Results demonstrated that the AH-66 clone was a complex of cells with varying producibility of alpha-fetoprotein and albumin. All the subclones showed varied and distinct production of alpha-fetoprotein, but not all the subclones produced detectable levels of albumin. PMID- 57896 TI - Beta-glucuronidase activity of Yoshida ascites hepatomas of different drug sensitivity and its change after treatment of host rats with various anticancer agents. AB - Change in beta-glucuronidase activity of six Yoshida ascites hepatomas was examined after treatment of host rats with one of 12 anticancer agents. The hepatomas, AH-66F, AH-130, AH-109A, AH-60C, and AH-44, in decreasing order showed more or less distinct increase in beta-glucuronidase activity after treatment of the rats with Nitromin, Endoxan, 864-T, Carbazilquinone, Mitomycin-C, Toyomycin, Daunomycin, Neocarzinostatin, vincristine sulfate, 5-fluorouracil, or cytosine arabinoside only when the cytological effect was positive. Moreover, degree of the increase was generally correlated with that of cytological effect. Bleomycin was ineffective either enzymically or cytologically. AH-66 was insensitive to any of the agents tested in increasing beta-glucuronidase activity and showed only a very slight cytological response to some of the agents. Acid deoxyribonuclease behaved like beta-glucuronidase but to a lesser extent. The above order of drug sensitivity of the hepatomas was not in parallel with that of normal beta glucuronidase level, which also did not correlate with the life span of host rats. PMID- 57897 TI - [Prophylaxis of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 57898 TI - Relationship of bile in the stomach to gastritis. PMID- 57899 TI - Comparative autosomal linkage in mammals: genetics of esterases in Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus. AB - Recombination between Esterase-4 and Esterase-2 in the rat was not observed in 278 backcross offspring. Es-4 is thus included within the "esterase cluster" in Linkage group V. A new map of this region was constructed and the relationship of the four esterase loci was found to be: Es-4-(9.6+/-1.6 cM)-Es-2, Es-4-(1.5+/ 0.7cM)-Es-3. Homology of this region with a region of Linkage Group XVIII (Chromosome 8) of the mouse was proposed on the basis of tissue distribution, subcellular localization and response of enzymes to inhibiotrs. Specifically, rat Es-1 was suggested as the homolog of mouse Es-6. An autosomal segment comprising at least 15cM of the rat and mouse genomes appears to have remained relatively intact with respect to genetic content during rodent speciation. In addition, a new polymorphism for mouse esterase was described. The locus was designated Esterase-10 (Es-10) and proposed as the mouse homolog of human Esterase D. Linkage of Es-10 with nucleoside phosphorylase-1-(Np-1) on Chromosome 14 was established. PMID- 57900 TI - [Monkey chromosome identification by the method of differential staining with Romanovskii--Giemsa solution I. Macaca mulatta]. PMID- 57901 TI - [A study of two non-complementary H-2 mutations in mice using skin transplantation and serologic analysis]. AB - Hz1 and M505 are two mutants affected the Kend of H-2 major histocompatibility system in mouse. Inability of M505 to complement Hz1 is considered as an evidence that the same gene is altered by both mutations. The gained antigens of two mutants can cross-react in vivo, and the lost antigenic determinants are not identical as revealed in skin grafting tests with presensitized recipients. The antiserum ASY-0,15, (d X a) anti-i, could differentiate between normal and mutant cells as well as between both mutants in absorption tests. These results show that some haptenic determinants are changed in the Hz1 and M505 mutations together with changes of histocompatibility determinants. PMID- 57902 TI - [Identification of simian chromosomes by a method of differential staining with Romanovskii--giemsa solution. II. Papio hamadryas]. AB - By means of differential staining wiyh the Romanovsky-- Gimsa dye the distribution of G-bands was studied in chromosomes of bone marrow cells and of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes in Papio hamadryas. All the homologous chromosome pairs were identified. It was shown, as compared Papio hamadryas karyotoypes with that of Macaca mulatta, that patterns of most chromosomes differentiation were similar. Certain differences between these species were observed in the character of differentiation of chromosomes 1 and 5 and also in parameters of chromosomes 2 and 21 (X). PMID- 57904 TI - Detection of HBSAG in fixed liver tissue - use of a modified immunofluorescent technique and comparison with histochemical methods. AB - A modified immunofluorescent technique was used for the detection of HBSAg in formalin-fixed liver tissue, thereby allowing retrospective examination of paraffin sections and avoiding the need to split the sample at the time of biopsy. Comparison with two other methods, involving either orcein staining or standard haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) preparation for ground glass hepatocytes, showed slightly fewer positive hepatocytes in individual biopsies with the latter stain, but the specificity of both methods was high. In a series of 146 seropositive and 74 seronegative patients with a variety of liver disorders, hepatocytes positive for HBSAg were found in only one of 55 patients with acute hepatitis type B, whereas large numbers of positive cells were seen in all 22 healthy carriers of the surface antigen. In the 69 patients with chronic persistent or chronic aggressive hepatitis, the frequency of positive biopsies was 86% and 85% respectively. The positive cells in these cases were, in comparison with healthy carriers of HBSAg, much fewer in number and were scattered in random fashion throughout the lobule rather than occurring in discrete clumps or sheets. This variation in the intrahepatic expression of HBSAg may reflect differences in the immune response to hepatitis B viral antigens. PMID- 57903 TI - [Thin-layer and paper chromatography in industrial sanitary chemistry]. PMID- 57906 TI - Studies on in vitro Absorption curves and application in cytochemistry of metal ions-containing Schiff's reagents. PMID- 57905 TI - Progress report. Cytotoxic therapy for gastrointestinal carcinoma. PMID- 57907 TI - Histochemical studies on mucosubstances in the prostate gland of the pulmonate snail Semperula maculata in the annual breeding-aestivation cycle. AB - Prostate gland of the pulmonate (terrestrial) snail Semperula maculata was studied histochemically for the presence of polysaccharides. PAS technique and differential staining methods employing Alcian blue, aldehyde fuchsin and Azure A at different pH values and combined with enzyme digestion test and lipid extraction were used. Two histochemically different cell types were found in the prostate gland: the type 1 cells which elaborate neutral mucosubstances and supposedly also phospholipoproteins, and type 2 cells producing glycogen. Both these cell types show seasonal fluctuations of the stores of materials secreted by them. Thus in type 1 cells the weakest histochemical reactivity indicating the lowest concentration of their secretion appears just after cessation of the snails' breeding activity (September) and persists throughout the post-breeding and early pre-breeding seasons which both together constitute the aestivation period. During the rest of the pre-breeding season a strong reactivity gradually develops and culminates in May i.e. immediately before the onset of the breeding activities which in turn initiate a decline of the reactivity. The type 2 cells become most reactive in the middle of the pre-breeding season (May) and decrease their reactivity after cessation of the breeding season. The number of both types of cells parallels the reactivity changes. PMID- 57908 TI - Cytochemical studies on the PAS-positive and metachromatic substances in the cells of enteric epithelium of Achoea janata (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). AB - Of the different polysaccharides present in the cells of insects the PAS-positive and metachromatic substances were studied in the cells of the enteric epithelium of the moth Achoea janata during its larval period and following metamorphosis. The amounts of both the substances progressively decrease in sequential pupal stages. The reaction intensity at the cell apex is higher than at the cell periphery. Reduction in the amount of carbohydrate material in the epithelial cells of the mid-gut is associated with change in intracellular localization (by vanishing from definite sites, not by migration). The loss of metachromatic substances is, however, more rapid than that of PAS-positive ones in the cells of the same region. It appears likely that there are simultaneous conversions of both kinds of substances into chitin precursors, independent of each other. No movement of these substances for the chemical change to be accomplished at specific sites in the cell is found. Association of PAS-positive substances with the formation of peritrophic membrane has been discussed. PMID- 57909 TI - Further studies on the possibility of differential demonstration of radicals of sulphur-containing amino-acids. AB - The authors showed that in rat liver and brain sections with blocked SH groups and split S-S bonds mercury orange stains some tissue structures after treating the sections with BAL. Considering that the blockade of SH groups with N ethylmaleimide in is stable the authors set forth the hypothesis that the use of BAL may enable the demonstration of a sulphur-containing amino-acid which is devoid of SH or SS groups but acquires them only when acted upon by BAL. The in vitro studies demonstrated that the effect of BAL makes it possible to stain methionine with mercury orange which otherwise does not stain this amino-acid. PMID- 57910 TI - Histochemical analysis of mucosubstances of the mid-gut gland in the mussel Lamellidens consobrinus Lea. AB - The mid-gut gland of the fresh water mussel Lamellidens consobrinus is located on both sides of the crystalline style sac and the conducting chamger of the intestine. Standard histochemical techniques were employed for the detection of mucosubstances elaborated by the mid-gut gland. The results show that he gland secretes neutral mucins and sialomucins which act as lubricants and are involved in converying good particles during feeding. PMID- 57911 TI - Differentiation between stains of human blood and blood of monkey. AB - The precipitin tube test fails to differentiate between blood stains of closely related animals such as man and monkey because of the close similarity between antigenic determinants of serum proteins of such closely related species. The quantitative precipitin technique cannot be applied to forensic work. This paper cites a case where definite opinion on the species of origin of some blood stains suspected to have come from a monkey was possible. In the method used, extracts of the questioned stain were tested with similar extracts of known human and known monkey blood stains against human globulin antiserum, by comparative double diffusion method in agar gel on microslides. PMID- 57912 TI - Experimental investigations in post-mortem protein degradation. AB - Samples of thoracic fluid were obtained at regular intervals from the putrefying bodies of dead dogs. For quantitative estimation of the proteins two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis was employed and for the amino acids and amines two dimensional thin-layer chromatography. The results lead to speculation that the initially lagging proteolytic changes are due to catalysis of autoenzymes, whereas bacteriological processes are responsible for a distinct acceleration from the 20th day after death. At this time the amino-acid concentrations showed a marked increase, which is followed by a maximum of bacterial growth, that ultimately leads to a sudden regression of amino acids. Simultaneously amines appear. The drying up of the thoracic cavity after 35 to 45 days marks the change from liquefaction to the terminal decay. PMID- 57913 TI - [Pathophysiological significance of endotoxins]. AB - The biological activities of endotoxin are manifold. Besides the drop in platelets and the biphasic change in the number of leukocytes, severe disturbances in the capillary bed are among the first changes observed following the administration of endotoxin. It is well known that endotoxins cause the release of various vasoactive mediators. According to our results endotoxins enhance the activity of histamine and serotonin; these findings may contribute to a better understanding of the action of histamine and serotonin in the early post endotoxin phase. The histamine-sensitizing effect of endotoxins is not prevented by antihistamines. Endotoxins and biogenic amines cause similar disturbances in the capillary bed. The changes that are observed in the content of the vessels, the vessel wall, and the perivascular region are the following: slowing down of the blood stream, degranulation of perivascular mast cells, granulocytosis, wall adhering granulocytes, plasma skimming, rouleaux-formation of erythrocytes, reduction in plasticity of many erythrocytes, acanthocytes, acanthocytosis, appearance of spherocytes and microcytes, and formation of massive aggregates of platelets and of microthrombi. Also, occasionally cell aggregates dissolve and as microemboli form new thrombi. Swelling of pericytes, endothelial, and periendothelial cells is observed, and dissociation and deformation of the endothelial cells occur. By means of contact of the vessel contents with the collagen, there is an additional activation of the coagulation system by factor XII possible. The changes of the epithelial lining and the wall adhering cells enhance the narrowing of the vessel lumen. Prestasis and occasionally stasis occur. One observes increased swelling of the endothelial and periendothelial cells, increased permeability of the vessel wall, passage of plasma and occasionally blood cells, especially erythrocytes, through the endothelium and massive microbleedings. While stasis is observed in the nutritive capillaries, in regions where arteriolar-venular shunts exist the flow continues. The systemic blood pressure may therefore remain unchanged during this phase, although the severe disturbances described occur in the capillary bed. Metabolic alterations, especially in the carbohydrate metabolism are mentioned. PMID- 57914 TI - [Gamma globulin therapy of acute viral hepatitis. Studies on the therapeutic effect of gamma globulin on the course and late prognosis of manifested acute viral hepatitis in man]. AB - In a prospective study 148 consecutive patients with biopsyproved acute viral hepatitis were observed serially and followed for 5 years. They were divided into three groups on the basis of being treated with high or low doses of gamma globulin and compared with a control group, not treated. As the efficacy of gamma globulin for the prophylaxis or modification of infectious hepatitis has been well documented by many investigators during the past 25 years, we were interested in evaluating the therapeutic effect of gamma globulin on the course of viral hepatitis. The purpose of the study was to determine the comparative efficacy of various doses of gamma globulin in preventing complications and in influencing the severity and the length of time of acute viral hepatitis and in preventing the development of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis. For controlling the clinical, biochemical and histopathologic course 12 functional parameters were repeatedly measured under stable clinical conditions and 3--12 liver biopsies were performed in an individual patient using the Menghini needle with an intercostal approach. During the 5-year trial an overall of 825 liver biopsis were performed with this 148 patients. We conclude from this study, that in about 80% of patients with acute viral hepatitis recovery is complete, but takes several month's. A protracted course of 4 month's duration until recovery was found in 45 patients (30,4%), persistent hepatitis with recovery after 1--4 years duration occurred in 37 patients (25%), global liver necrosis with hepatic coma in 3 (2,3%), chronic hepatitis in 22 (14,8%), 8 of them as chronic aggressive hepatitis and cirrhosis in 3 (2,3%). The study demonstrated no therapeutic efficacy of gamma globulin in modifying the course or preventing complications of both AuAg+ and AuAg-neg. acute viral hepatitis in man. There was no striking difference in the groups treated with various doses of gamma globulin compared with a control group. PMID- 57915 TI - [Cellular immunity in poxvirus infections. Demonstration, significance and cellular cross reactivity with brain matter]. AB - Its proof, significance, and the cellular cross reactivity to basic encephalitogenic protein of vaccinia-stimulated T-cells. Vaccination against smallpox induces both, a cellular allergy and immunity, and the production of humoral antibodies. Of greater importance for the defense of the organism against infections by orthopox viruses is the cellular immunity. New methods for the proof of cellular immunity and an in vitro-technique for its examination by challange with variola vera virus are described. In close connection with induction of cellular allergy by vaccination an immunological cell-bound reactivity of isolated lymphocytes develops against the basic encephalitogenic protein. In this antigen-stimulated resp.-irritated stage isolated lymphocytes show an enhanced rate of chromosomal aberrations and a high rate of spontaneous transformations. Lymphocytes of patients with Multiple Sclerosis demonstrate a high stimulation rate (3H- resp. 14C-Thymidine-inlay) after challenge with antigen of vaccinia virus. The T cell-mediated cross reactivity between vaccinia and myelin extracts is discussed as an hypothetic pathogenic factor of CNS complications after primary smallpox vaccination. PMID- 57916 TI - [Serum glycoside concentration and digoxin intoxication]. AB - Serum digoxin levels, estimated by radioimmuno assay, technique, and the pattern of cardiac arrhythmias due to digoxin intoxication seem to be correlated in cases with high serum digoxin levels. The prognostic value of those correlations is demonstrated and discussed. Serial observations of the course of cardiac arrhythmias under the suspicion of digoxin intoxication together with blood level measurements allow to introduce more objective criteria in clinical management of poor risk patients receiving digoxin. PMID- 57917 TI - Myelination in the neonatal brain. PMID- 57918 TI - Letter: Hematoxylin bodies. PMID- 57919 TI - Banding of human chromosomes with basic fuchsin. AB - In this paper a technique is described for the banding of human metaphase chromosomes with basic fuchsin. The main characteristics of the G-banding pattern obtained with this cationic triphenylmethane dye are: the secondary constriction regions of chromosomes Nos. 1 and 16 are strongly stained, especially in the latter one; the heterochromatic area of chromosome No. 9, usually negative with most other G-banding techniques, is clearly visible as an intensely stained band adjacent to the centromere; the chromosomal outline is often very distinct, facilitating the study of the telomeres; a number of chromosomal regions with bright Q fluorescence such as the polymorphic regions of the chromosomes Nos. 3, 4, and Y also stain strongly with basic fuchsin. The basic fuchsin technique combines therefore properties of G-, C-, and Q-banding methods and seems very suitable for use in e.g., family and linkage studies. Several triphenylmethanes closely related to basic fuchsin produce similar banding patterns. The band producing ability is, however, diminished in those dyes which contain methylated amino groups. If the methyl groups are attached to the carbon atoms at the 3 positions in the phenyl rings, band formation seems unaffected. The way in which basic fuchsin and chromatin may interact as well as the possible mechanism(s) of band formation with this dye are discussed. PMID- 57920 TI - Blocking the encephalitogenic activity of the C-terminal part of the basic myelin protein in rabbits by treatment with serum. AB - Peptides HNB-92-169 and 116-169, tyr, derivatives of the C-terminal part of bovine myelin basic protein, sensitize rabbits for experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Dissolving these peptides in heat-inactivated normal guinea-pig, human, or monkey serum immediately before emulsification with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) abrogated their disease-inducing activity. Dissolving them in homologous or autologous serum only slightly affected the encephalitogenicity. PMID- 57921 TI - Xenopus laevis 19S immunoglobulin. Ultrastructure and J chain isolation. AB - Electron microscopy examination of the 19S immunoglobulin of Xenopus laevis revealed a hexameric structure with a central core. The molecules measured 360 430 A across the span of the arms and the average diameter of the central region was 140 A. A polypeptide, homologous to human J chain, was isolated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose from the reduced and alkylated X. laevis hexameric macroglobulin. This polypeptide had a fast mobility in alkaline-urea gel electrophoresis, with distinct antigenicity, as compared to heavy and light chains. It shared common antigenic determinants with human J chain. PMID- 57923 TI - A simple apparatus for counterimmunoelectrophoresis and electroimmunodiffusion. PMID- 57922 TI - Reactions to thiacetazone. PMID- 57924 TI - Electrophoretic and immunoelectrophoretic studies of sera from 16 to 26 week-old human fetuses. PMID- 57925 TI - Chemically induced temperature-sensitive mutants of dengue virus type 2: comparison of temperature sensitivity in vitro with infectivity suckling mice, hamsters, and rhesus monkeys. AB - A series of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2, TH 36 isolate) were induced by treatment with 5-azacytidine. These mutants and parental viruses were compared for the ts trait and/or attenuation in four systems: primary hamster kidney cells, suckling mice, golden Syrian hamsters, and rhesus monkeys. Seven clones judged to possess the ts trait in virto demonstrated a variety of patterns in vivo. On initial isolation, five of seven ts mutants exhibited reduced mouse lethality. The remaining two mutants possessed parental levels of mouse lethality. In hamsters, neither ts mutant nor parental viruses replicated very well, and then only when inoculated intracerebrally. Studies in rhesus monkeys indicated that all seven ts clones and parental viruses were capable of inducing abtibody responses; however, ts-1 and ts-2 failed to produce detectable viremia. After challenge with parental virus, all vaccinated monkeys demonstrated rapid secondary-type antibody response. Reversion from ts to ts(+) was confirmed to ts-1 in mice and ts-3 in monkeys, and was strongly suspected in several other instances. PMID- 57926 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against murine cells infected with 6/94 virus, a parainfluenza type 1 isolate from multiple sclerosis brain tissue. AB - Maximum cytotoxicity to parainfluenza type 1 viral determinants occurs on day 5 post-immunization in mice with and without preexisting anti-6/94 virus antibody. Animals with preexisting anti-6/94 serum antibody, however, exhibited a markedly higher cytotoxic response. Syngeneic, allogeneic, and xenogeneic virus-infected cells induce virus-specific cytotoxicity, but only infected cells histocompatible with the effector cells can serve as susceptible target cells. The effector cell is a T cell, and hence cytotoxicity is thymus dependent. Coincident with the maximum cytotoxic activity on day 5 is the occurrence of pathological lesions, the sites of which are dependent on the route of inoculation. PMID- 57927 TI - Use of the hemadsorption phenomenon for determining virus and neutralizing antibody titers of rabies. AB - Chicken embryo cells infected with the HEP Flury strain of rabies virus adapted to tissue culture produced a hemadsorption (HAD) phenomenon by using goose erthyrocytes. The optimal conditions for HAD included the incubation of cell cultures at 37C for 3 days after virus inoculation, the use of a 0.4% suspension of goose erythrocytes in phosphate buffer adjusted at pH 6.2, and adsorption of erythrocytes at 4C. This phenomenon was inhibited with anti-rabies serum. Virus titer obtained with the HAD technique was almost the same as with the fluorescent antibody technique or the intracerebral inoculation of suckling mice. Results of the neutralization test by using the HAD technique could be easily determined 3 days after inoculation of chicken embryo cells with the mixture of 100 mean tissue culture infective doses of virus and diluted serum. The neutralizing antibody titers coincided with those obtained in mice. PMID- 57928 TI - DNA synthesis in vitro by cells from mice immunized with picryl chloride: effect of injection of immune cells. AB - Mice were immunized with picryl chloride and the regional nodes taken at various times afterwards. These cells spontanesouly synthesized DNA in vitro as measured by thymidine incorporation over an 18-hour period and the peak incorporation occurred when the cells were takin on day 3. When the mice were injected with cells taken 5 days after immunization with picryl chloride and then immunized, there was a depression of the spontaneous DNA synthesis in vitro. This was absent on day 2, most marked on day 3 and still present on day 4. Cells from donors immunized with 4-ethoxymethylene-2-phenyloxazolone had a smaller but definite effect. Attempts to reproduce the phenomenon by in vitro mixtures of cells taken at various times after immunization in vivo were unsuccessful. PMID- 57929 TI - Specific acquired immune unresponsiveness to contact allergens with cyclophosphamide in the mouse. AB - Treatment with cyclophosphamide (Cy) can modulate the acquisition of allergic contact dermatitis in the mouse. We compared the effect of a single dose of Cy given at different times before or after allergen. Cy one or more days prior to allergen intensified, and Cy several days after allergen inhibited the acquisition of sensitivity. Mice whose immunological response to an allergen had been suppressed by Cy were specifically immunologically tolerant to that allergen, but not to an unrelated allergen. This tolerance probably represents a combination of clone deletion and inhibition; almost certainly it does not depend on the generation of enhancing ('blocking') antibody. PMID- 57930 TI - Chemical modification of crude timothy grass pollen extract. I. Antigenicity and immunogenicity changes following amino group modification. AB - Glutaraldehyde modification was found to reduce the allergenic potency of crude timothy pollen extracts yet even highly substituted materials retained the capability of inducing the formation of allergen-specific antibody in animals. Experiments showed that these antibodies were capable of blocking skin test reactions to native timothy allergens in pollen-sensitive human volunteers. The value of glutaraldehyde-modified allergen extracts for use in desensitization vaccine therapy is discussed. PMID- 57931 TI - Inhibition by nicotinamide of antigen-induced histamine release from mouse peritoneal mast cells. AB - The in vitro antigen-induced histamine release from mouse peritoneal mast cells actively sensitized with IgE antibodies was inhibited by nicotinamide. The drug was either given in vivo to the sensitized mice (once daily 100 mg/kg) for 7 days before an in vitro experiment or incubated in vitro (in concentrations 1-40 mM) with sensitized mast cells before an antigen challenge. The possible action of nicotinamide on the mechanisms involved in the regulation of antigen-induced histamine release from mast cells is discussed. PMID- 57932 TI - A simple method for detecting 3H in brain tissue using liquid scintillation counting and Instagel. PMID- 57933 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen-like substances of human bile. Isolation and partial characterization. AB - Three species of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-like macromolecules, called the biliary glycoprotein I, II and III (BGP I, II and III) were identified in human bile. BGP I was found in normal gall-bladder bile and hepatic bile but not in bile subjected to inflammation ("white bile"). It was immunologically related to CEA and NGP (the "normal CEA-like glycoprotein". Synonyms: NCA, CCEA-2, etc.). BGP I differed immunologically from CEA in that it lacked the tumor-associated determinants of CEA. It was different from NGP (and CEA) in that it contained BGP I specific determinants as revealed by anti-BGP I antibodies. In bile from gallbladders with obstructed outlet and subjected to cholecystitis, a non malignant inflammatory process, BGP I was replaced by BGP II and BGP III. Immunologically and physicochemically, BGP II and BGP III appeared to be closely similar to NGP and CEA, respectively. PMID- 57934 TI - Ability of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to distinguish tumor associated antigens and histocompatibility antigens in soluble extracts from murine fibrosarcomas. AB - The footpad swelling (FPS) test for delayed-type hypersensitivity in the mouse was evaluated for its ability to measure both tumor-associated antigens (TAA) and histocompatibility (H) antigens solubilized from methylcholanthrene (MCA) induced fibrosarcomas of C57B1/6 (B6) mice. Tests for TAA were performed in mice immune to syngeneic tumors while H-antigens were assayed in mice immunized with skin allografts. FPS was most intense in B6 mice challenged with TAA from the immunizing B6 tumor, but also occurred in response to cross-reactive TAA solubilized from another B6 fibrosarcoma. Tests for tumor-associated H-antigens in allograft immune mice were strongly positive in response to donor/recipient H antigen differences and proved sensitive to shared third-party H-antigen differences. Comparison of soluble antigens from the same tumor maintained in vitro and in vivo revealed that, while both TAA and H-antigens could be detected in preparations from the in vivo tumor line, only TAA and not H-antigens could be detected by RPS in extracts prepared from the in vitro tumor line. These experiments have demonstrated that the mouse FPS test can distinguish both TAA and H-antigen specificities persent in the same complex mixture of tumor-cell antigens. PMID- 57935 TI - Human pregnancy-specific beta1-globulin and its relation to chorioepithelioma. AB - Human serum pregnancy-specific beta1-globulin (beta1-GP) was localized in paraffin sections of placenta and chorioepithelioma of the uterus by indirect immunofluorescence. The structures containing beta1-GP but not human serum albumin were regarded as specifically associated with beta1-GP metabolism. Beta1 GP was found in trophoblastic cells of chorion and Langhans cells of chorioepithelioma. Using the immunoautoradiographic method (I131), we only found beta1-GP in sera of patients with trophoblastic tumours: in 74.3% of 35 patients with chorioepithelioma and in 80% of 25 patients with hydatidiform mole and destructive hydatidform mole. The diagnostic and prognostic significance of the immunochemical test for beta1-GP in trophoblastic tumours is discussed. PMID- 57936 TI - AKR leukemia-specific surface antigens acquired by malignant transformation: their common and individual specificities. AB - Antisera against five newly established AKR spontaneous leukemias (KSL) prepared by immunization of KSL cells in (C57B1/6 X C3Hf/He)F1 mice were preabsorbed with non-leukemic AKR lymphoid cells to remove antibodies against virus-associated surface antigens and alloantigens. In absorption tests the antisera showed no cross-reaction by immunofluorescence microscopy with thymocyte, fetal, male specific H-Y, E and X.1 antigens; with known Gross murine leukemia virus associated antigens; or with cell surface antigens on Friend, Moloney and Rauscher virus-induced tumors. It was thus shown that the antigens detected were leukemia-specific, were acquired by malignant transformation, and consisted of two types: (1) a common antigen in all the KSL, and (2) individual antigens found in four of the KSL which showed distinct patterns of partial cross-reactivity with the other KSL. PMID- 57937 TI - Immunogenic and immunosuppressive components in soluble preparations from Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced tumor cells. AB - Soluble extracts from Moloney virus-induced leukemia cells were shown to contain immunogenic and immunosuppressive components. Immunogenic components were divided into two classes based on their ability to :(1) combine with humoral antibody to inhibit cytotoxic activity; or (2) stimulate blastogenesis in normal syngeneic lymphocytes. Immunosuppressive components were demonstrated by the inhibition of DNA synthesis in normal syngeneic lymphocytes and suppression of a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Stimulating components in many soluble preparations were completely masked by immunosuppressive components. However, all three components could be resolved by Sephadex G200 chromatography. PMID- 57938 TI - Male anxiety during sleep. PMID- 57939 TI - Preoperative nursing intervention with the patient for surgery: outcomes of three alternative approaches. PMID- 57940 TI - Collagenase inhibitors: rationale for their use in treating corneal ulceration. AB - Tissue collagenases have been implicated in corneal ulceration in human corneal disease and in ulceration of the rabbit cornea that has served as a model system. Such enzymes from the rabbit and human cornea are inhibited by metal-binding agents of the EDTA type, by thiols, and by the human serum antiprotease alpha2 macroglobulin. Determination of the relative efficacies of collagenase inhibitors indicates that EDTA and Ca-EDTA are about one hundred times more effective on a molar basis than L-cysteine and its derivatives, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and D penicillamine. The alpha2-macroglobulin on a molar basis, is superior as an inhibitor to the metal-binding agents and thiols. Although Ca may be a necessary cofactor of the corneal collagenases, such a requirement has not been established unequivocally. Inhibition and isotope studies do indicate a requirement for Zn. Thiols are thought to inhibit corneal collagenases by binding to or removing an intrinsic metal cofactor (Zn), and/or possibly by reducing one or more disulfide bonds. Inhibition by both EDTA-type agents and thiols is largely reversible by dialysis. The human alpha2-macroglobulin appears to inhibit corneal colleagenases irreversibly by forming tight complexes with them. Ca-EDTA, cysteine, and acetylcysteine, given as eyedrops, are able to prevent or retard ulceration in the alkali-burned rabbit cornea. They appear to have some efficacy in the prevention of corneal ulceration in humans. EDTA-type compounds are quite stable under routine storage, while acetylcysteine is more stable than cysteine. EDTA is quite toxic and should not be used as eye medication. Ca-EDTA has a low toxicity, and cysteine and acetylcysteine have even lower toxicity. It is not yet certain which inhibitor has the most favorable therapeutic index for clinical use, or is the optimal mode of drug delivery known. However, the collagenase inhibitors seem to have therapeutic promise in the prevention of corneal ulceration. PMID- 57941 TI - Editorial: Surgical progress. PMID- 57942 TI - Human prostatic adenoma and carcinoma. Transplantation of cultured cells and primary tissue fragments in "nude" mice. AB - Tissues from human prostatic carcinomas and adenomas as well as cells from permanent cell lines originating from such tumors were transplanted into the subcutaneous space of "nude" mice. A total of 208 such transplantations were carried out. For transplantation of primary tumor tissue several techniques were used. Transplantation of single pieces of about 50 mg of tissue from carcinomas and adenomas provided the best results. With this technique carcinoma tissue was recovered from five of 10 tumors transplanted into 46 "nude" mice. Carcinoma was found in seven of 25 "nude" mice that were castrated and treated with testosterone but only once in 21 transplantations into castrates without testosterone substitution. This may suggest that heterotransplants of human prostatic carcinoma tissue can be established more easily in testosteronized animals. In the case of adenoma transplants, the histological picture was strikingly similar to the original tumors. Secretory activity was found in some acini, squamous metaplasia in others. Heterotransplantation of cells from permanent cell lines resulted in fast growing carcinomas without similarity to the origianl tumors. Dependence on hormones for growth of EB 33 and MA 160 cells in "nude" mice was not shown. PMID- 57943 TI - Reverse transciptase activity associated with R-type virus-like particles of SV40 transformed hamster cells (TSV5 clone 2). AB - A line of hamster cells transformed by SV40 (TSV5 clone 2) contains different DNA polymerase activities. One of them has the same template specificity as viral reverse transcriptases. Partial isolation of R-type virus-like particles from TSV5 clone 2 shows that a reverse transcriptase activity is associated with these RNA viruses. This reverse transcriptase was partially purified and its biochemical properties are described. PMID- 57944 TI - Properties and kinetics of development of Rous sarcoma virus-infected cells evidenced by methylene blue staining. AB - Three different kinds of areas of infected cells corresponding to different focus formation stages can be evidenced by methylene blue (MB) staining in cultures of chick embryo (CE) fibroblasts infected at low multiplicity with the temperature sensitive (ts) mutant of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), FU19, which transforms these fibroblasts at 37 degrees but not at 41 degrees. These are: (a) areas of MB stainable cells with transformed phenotype (STP areas=foci); (b) areas of MB stainable cells with normal phenotype (SNP areas), and (c) areas of MB unstainable cells with normal phenotype (USNP areas). DNA and RNA synthesis and virus production were followed in these various stages at 37 degrees and at 41 degrees. The results show that when cultures are shifted from 37 degrees to 41 degrees, virus production in the SNP and USNP areas which arise by phenotypic reversion of STP foci remains comparable to that of the latter foci. On the contrary, DNA and RNA synthesis are markedly reduced in SNP and USNP areas, DNA synthesis falling down to the level of uninfected cells, and RNA synthesis remaining somewhat higher. The kinetics of development of SNP and STP areas in cultures infected with FU19 and with the parental virus SR4 were also compared. The results confirm that SNP areas are precursors of STP areas but that this passage occurs at a slower rate in cultures infected with FU19. PMID- 57945 TI - Mycoplasma in tissue culture: overview of detection methods. AB - Mycoplasma contamination of tissue cultures is too costly, scientifically damaging and inappropriate, and perhaps, even medically hazardous to be ignored. Prevention by continuous surveillance demands adequate mycoplasma testing procedures. Despite a proliferation of indirect methods, the present consensus indicates that careful and extensive microbiological testing is still the cornerstone of any mycoplasma detection program. The finding of 'non-cultivable' or possible tissue-adapted micro-organisms plus the variability in microbiological expertise of many laboratories, makes the selection of at least one additional method imperative. At the present, though no one test will prove 100% satisfactory and selection should partly depend on available expertise, the method based on the ratio of the specific activities of incorporated radio labelled uridine to uracil into RNA appears to be an acceptable choice due to its simplicity and general validity. PMID- 57946 TI - Carboxylic ester hydrolases in the thyroid gland of the guinea-pig. A light microscopic study. AB - The location of cholinesterase and non-specific esterase in the thyroid gland of the guniea-pig was studied with the light microscope. It was found that the idoxyl method for non-specific esterase activity under special conditions is superior to the cholinesterase method in a number of respects for the demonstration of the intra-, inter- and parafollicular cells. When using the indoxyl method the incubation period can be reduced from 2.5-3 hr to 40-50 min. Further, the reaction can be followed during the incubation. False localization of the reaction products is avoided,and nerves and erythrocytes are not stained. By varying the fixation time and the time of storage in gum arabic-sucrose, it was found that the miscellaneous activity of non-specific esterase in APUD cells (C-cells) and follicle cells may be due to both factors. In fresh tissue the activity of the enzyme was equal in follicle and C cells. Special cyst-like structures containing an esterase which is NaF-resistanct when alpha-naphthyl acetate is employed as a substrate and which gives a strong reaction at low pH values when 5-bromo indoxyl acetate is the substrate, are described, and their nature and possible origin are discussed. PMID- 57947 TI - The effects of ductal ligation on the parenchyma of salivary glands of cat studied by enzyme histochemical methods. AB - Submandibular, sublingual and parotid glands of cat have been studied following periods of ductal ligation ranging from 1 day to 1 year. An increased prominence of granules of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and E600-resistant esterase reaction products was sometimes seen in acinar cells and atropic striated ductal cells, and probably represents increased lysosomal enzymic activity, which may be of importance in the adapation of the parenchyma to the altered environment. Other reaction products often appeared to be at normal levels in parenchymal structures that were not very atrophic, and at reduced levels in those that were very atrophic, suggesting a reduction of functional activity in these structures. PMID- 57949 TI - Developmental changes of carbonic anhydrase in the retina of the mouse: a histochemical study. AB - In the optic cup of early mouse embryos, carbonic anhydrase activity is seen only in the pigment epithelial cells. During the late prenatal period the enzyme appears in the Muller cells, first in the perikarya. During the postnatal development the enzyme activity appears in the radial processes of the Muller cells starting at the vitreal border along with the separation of the outer retinal layers. This is followed by increased activity in the plexiform layers, presumably in the lateral processes. Carbonic anhydrase localization in pigment epithelial and Muller cells attains the adult pattern at about 16 days corresponding with the initiation of retinal function. PMID- 57948 TI - Acid mucopolysaccharides in hair papillae of the stump-tailed macaque (Macaca speciosa). AB - Acid mucopolysaccharides in dermal papillae of hair follicles from both bald and on-bald regions of the scalp of stump-tailed macaques were studies histochemically. Alcian Blue, Azure A and Periodic acid Schiff methods were used for staining mucopolysaccharides, and Bromphenol Blue for staining basic proteins. In an attempt to identify various polyanions, staining was carried out with Alcian Blue containing different concentrations of electrolytes. Methylation, saponification, mild acid hydrolysis and digestion with streptomyces or testicular hyaluronidase, chondroitinase ABC, or sialidase, were also used. The results indicate that chondroitin sulphate B is present in the papillae of terminal hair follicles in early and intermediate anagen, and degraded chondroitin sulphates are present in the papillae of vellus and terminal hair follicles in late anagen. PMID- 57951 TI - A comparison of two methods of preparing cells or nuclei for high-resolution microspectrophotometry. AB - Suspensions of isolated mouse thymus cells were subjected to two preparative methods: either they were dropped through several mm of 9:1 v/v ethanol-acetic acid fixative, allowed to stand for 1hr and then processed for staining; or they were fixed, passed through a graded ethanol series to 70% ethanol, centrifuged on to slides in a modified Shandon cytocentrifuge and then carried wet into the staining procedure. All preparations were stained by the Feulgen reaction and evaluated by high-resolution microspectrophotometry. While the two preparative procedures yielded similar results, there appeared to be less variability in the data obtained from the centrifuged cell populations. PMID- 57950 TI - Resistance of aldehyde blockades to periodic acid. PMID- 57952 TI - An improved method for staining cells of the endocrine polypeptide (APUD) series by masked metachromasia: application of the principle of 'fixation by excluded volume'. AB - Masked metachromasia is demonstrated by staining with a metachromatic basic dye, after acid hydrolysis of suitably fixed tissue. We report that the addition of 20% Carbowax 20M (an inert polyer, mol. wt. about 20,000) to the hydrolysis mixture improved the reaction. The improved method gives increased metachromasia , greater tolerance to variations in hydrolysis conditions, and demonstrates a greater proportion of cells--presumably due to a lower threshold of sensitivity. Lower molecular weight polymers (Carbowax 1000, Carbowax 6000) are less effective. PMID- 57953 TI - Succinate dehydrogenase activity in the developing molar of the Mongolian gerbil Meriones unguiculatus. AB - The distribution of succinate dehydrogenase in the odontogenic tissues in the Mongolian gerbil, ranging in age from 18 days prenatal to 8 days postnatal, was studied. Activity levels were designated negative, trace, slight, moderate, strong and very, dependent upon visual observations. The results indicated increased levels of activity as the tissue layers differentiated from the lamina stage through early apposition. The cell layer displaying the most succinate dehydrogenase activity was the ameloblastic layer while the stratum intermedium layer was the next most active cell layer. Succinate dehydrogenase activity appeared to be related to the degree of differentiation and functional competency of the odontogenic tissues in the Mongolian gerbil. PMID- 57954 TI - Glycogen, its chemistry and morphological appearance in the electron microscope. III. Identification of the tissue ligands involved in the glycogen contrast staining reaction with the osmium (VI)--iron(II) complex. AB - By application of appropriate blocking reactions (acetylation, de-amination, methylation and NaHSO3-treatment) it is demonstrated that the tissue ligands involved in the selective glycogen contrast staining reaction with the OsVI. FeII complex (known to be present in the combination K2OsO4K4Fe(CN)6) are the glycogen C2-C3 di-hydroxyl groups. Deliberate conversion of the diols into di-aldehydes and (di-)carboxyl groups by the application of specific oxidative agents followed by application of the OsVI. FeII-complex results morphologically in identical selective contrast staining of glycogen. By applying appropriate blocking reactions to such pre-oxidized aldehyde fixed glycogen, evidence is accumulated that K2OSO4 and K3Fe(CN)6 are unable to oxidize diols, whereas OSO4 and H2O2 are able to convert diols into carboxyl groups. From these results it is concluded that in the combination K2OSO4K4Fe(CN)6 the OsVI.FeII complex reacts with unchanged diols in the glycogen, whereas the OSO4 in the combination OSO4K3Fe(CN)6 can potentially create carbocyl groups in the aldehyde-fixed glycogen. The addition of urea to the two glycogen contrasting combinations (K2OSO4K4Fe(CN)6 or OSO4K3Fe(CN)6), also emphasizes that, although morphologically both combinations produce identical contrast stained glycogen, chemically the contrast staining is apparently obtained in a different way, as urea prevented the contrast formation in the glycogen by the combination K2OsO4Fe(CN)L, but not by the combination OSO4K3F e(CN)6. PMID- 57955 TI - An ultrastructural application of silver methenamine to the study of mucin changes in the colonic mucosa adjacent to and remote from carcinoma. AB - A periodic acid-chromic acid-silver methenamine techniqe for visualizing glycoproteins at the electron microscope level was applied to colonic mucosa taken from areas adjacent to and remote from carcinoma. Normal control mucosa was obtained by biopsy of patients with no known gastrointestinal disease. Non oxidized control sections were run in parallel. Quantitative and qualitative differences in glycoproteins were detected in the mucosa adjacent to carcinoma ('transitional' mucosa, as we call it) as compared with the normal. Furthermore, the vesicles in both the 'intermediate' and absorptive cells elaborate a glycoprotein product and it seems that a direct relationship exists between the increased vesiculation and the markedly developed 'fuzzy coat' in the 'transitional' mucosa. It is suggested that these findings may represent one of the features of an early stage of carcinogenesis. Histochemical and ultrastructural techniques of the kind used in this study may thus be of value in identifying or predicting malignancy in the colonic epithelium. PMID- 57956 TI - Movement of horseradish peroxidase in rabbit submandibular glands after ductal injection. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been used as a tracer to study movements of solutions injected retrogradely via the duct of submandibular glands in rabbits. 0.1 ml of solution was injected either manually or by a constant hydrostatic pressure, and the subsequent distribution of HRP in the gland and duct at different times after injection has been examined histochemically at light and electron microscopical levels. Shortly after the injections, strong interstitial staining for peroxidase resulted from passage between acinar cells. Some sites of cellular uptake were observed and staining occurred in some ductal cells even when the duct had been cut at the hilum to minimize pressure effects. It is not known whether this diffuse uptake represents a physiological or pathological phenomenon. Some interstitial activity still remained 24 hr after injection but had disappeared by 48 hr. Inflammatory cells first appeared in the gland about 4hr after the injection and slowly increased up to about 24 hr after injection. The results indiate that the HRP reaches the interstices of the gland principally by penetration between acinar cells, and that the junctional complexes between striated duct cells appear to be more resistant to disruption by luminal pressures. PMID- 57957 TI - Electron microscopic autoradiography of 35SO4-labelled material closely associated with collagen fibrils in mammalian synovium and ear cartilage. AB - Electron microscopic autoradiography of connective tissue obtained from mice and rabbits previously injected with 35SO4 indicated that sulphated proteoglycans are localized on collagen fibrils. Ruthenium Red-positive transverse belts surrounding fibrils near the a-bands were heavily labelled, but fine lateral filaments of Ruthenium Red-positive material were not. These filaments, which interconnect collagen fibrils in a variety of connective tissues may represent linear aggregations of hyaluronic acid, glycoproteins and non-sulphated or long lived sulphated proteoglycans. PMID- 57958 TI - Malpractice claims in small animal practice. PMID- 57959 TI - Physiologic/clinical comparisons of a sustained-release decongestant combination, its components and placebo in patients with allergic rhinitis. AB - Fifteen subjects with chronic allergic rhinitis had measurements of nasal airways flow/resistance (Rn) made before, and for 12 hours after, single doses of a sustained release decongestant combination, some of its components given alone or together, and placebo, in a randomized double-blind trial. The magnitude of improvement in Rn was statistically greater for the the four active preparations than for placebo over the first 8 hours; the effects of phenylpropanolamine/chlorpheniramine were still present after 10 hours, while at the end of 12 hours only the full triple-drug capsule had significant activity. Patient-estimates of symptomatic improvement generally mirrored these physiologic changes although statistical differences among the active capsules were not delineated. The data confirm the ability of electronic posterior rhinometry to discriminate between the effects of active medications and placebo at the 95 per cent confidence level or better and suggest that observed decreases in elevated Rn mean reflected helpful clinical activity as well as increased nasal patency. PMID- 57960 TI - A neutral subtilopeptidase inhibitor from porcine serum some evidence for alpha2 macroglobulin. AB - An inhibitor of neutral subtilopeptidase [EC 3.4.24.4] was purified from porcine serum by salting out with (NH4)2SO4, chromatography on anion exchange sephadex, gel filtration with Sepharose 6B, and isoelectric focusing. The preparation was homogeneous by electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal criteria, and was shown to be a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 740,000. It inhibited the caseinolytic activities of thermolysin, subtilisin, trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4], and alpha chymotrypsin [EC 3.4.21.1] as well as that of neutral subtilopeptidase by an equimolar binding to those proteolytic enzymes. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after reduction with beta-mercaptoethanol indicated that the inhibitor was made up of four subunit monomers having a molecular weight of 190,000. From comparisons of its physiocochemical and inhibitory properties with those of well-investigated plasma proteins, the inhibitor was identified as alpha2-macroglobulin. On treatment of the inhibitor with neutral subtilopeptidase, a protein with a molecular weight of 95,000 appeared after treatment with SDS and beta-mercaptoethanol, suggesting that a peptide bond susceptible to the enzyme exists near the mid-point of the subunit chains. PMID- 57961 TI - Synthesis and release of procollagenase by cultured fibroblasts. AB - An inactive collagenase was harvested from both serum-free and serum-supplemented fibroblast monolayer cultures in periods of active collagen synthesis. The latent collagenase did not hydrolyze collagen and did not bind the potent collagenase inhibitor alpha2-macroglobulin. Activation with trypsin imparted to the enzyme the ability to hydrolyze collagen at neutral pH in a typical manner and to form an inhibited complex with alpha2-macroglobulin. The molecular weights, determined by calibrated gel filtration, were 78,000 and 60,000 for the latent and active enzymes, respectively. The data indicate that collagenase is released from the cells in inactive form, as a zymogen. PMID- 57962 TI - Long-term effects of chondrocyte death on rabbit articular cartilage in vivo. AB - The effects of freezing localized areas of rabbit articular cartilage in vivo were studied at two to twelve months morphologically (gross and microscopic examination, including scanning electron microscopy), histochemically (toluidine blue and safranin O), and metabolically (35S uptake). Up to six months the frozen cartilage was intact but appeared to be dead, as shown by the absence of stainable chondrocytes, severely decreased acid mucopolysaccharide content, and absence of significant uptake of 35S. At twelve months fibrillation and softening were evident, clusters of new chondrocytes with surrounding acid mucopolysaccharides were visible microscopically, and scanning electron microscopy revealed an irregular pattern of collagen fibers which were larger than normal, of varying thickness, and broken in some areas. These changes resembled those seen in degenerative joint disease. PMID- 57963 TI - Coated-vesicle shells, particle/chain material, and tubulin in brain synaptosomes. An electron microscope and biochemical study. AB - Coated vesicles (CVs), plain synaptic vesicles (PSVs), and nonvesicular flocculent material were isolated from synaptosomes and examined with goniometry and high-resolution electron microscopy after either negative staining or various biochemical procedures. The flocculent material (i.e. the presynaptic matrix material except CV shells) is largely composed of particulate or elongated (chainlike) structures; some of this material (here referred to as particle/chain material) is attached to PSVs. The results obtained were: (a) the proteinaceous properties of the CV coat (also referred to as CV shell) and the particle/chain material were demonstrated with chymotrypsin; (b) the CV shell, studied with various negative-staining techniques, differs from the particle/chain material since it has no 3-4-nm globular subunits and reacts differently to alkaline pH; (c) the particle/chain material consists of aggregates of 3-4-nm globular subunits, four of which yield 8-10-nm fine particles; and these particles can be further aggregated into chains 8-10 nm wide and up to 30-60 nm long showing a "hollow" core; (d) vinblastine sulfate induced ringlike or helical crystalloid precipitates closely resembling the vinblastine-induced microtubule crystals reported in the literature, but vinblastine had no effect on either the CV shell material or the particle/chain material. PMID- 57964 TI - Radioimmunoassay for serum thyroxine-binding globulin: results in normal subjects and in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. AB - Serum thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) was measured by radioimmunoassay. The human TBG used in this study was purified by affinity, anion-exchange, and gel filtration chromatography. The serum TBG concentration in 98 euthyroid normals was 1.48 +/- 0.46 mg/100 ml (mean +/- SD), which is one-half that previously reported using a similar method. The level in females (1.66 +/- 0.56) was significantly higher than that in males (1.37 +/- 0.37). Comparison of the serum TBG level and the maximum binding capacity of serum TBG for thyroxine (T4) yielded a molar ratio of 1:1 for T4 and TBG. The mean serum TBG in 19 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was 2.10 +/- 1.29 mg/100 ml; however, only 2 of these patients had serum TBG levels outside the normal range. PMID- 57965 TI - Immunoassay of human TSH using dried blood samples. AB - A sensitive, semi-quantitative radioimmunoassay method to screen for elevations of TSH concentration in blood is described. The method requires two 0.32 cm dots of dried blood-impregnated filter paper (equivalent to 3 mul plasma) and a 3-day incubation. Separation of bound and free is obtained using polyethylene glycol. The method can recognize TSH concentrations as low as 22 muU/ml using a highly sensitive antiserum developed by one of us (AFP). TSH in dried cord and newborn blood from 4 infants with congenital hypothyroidism was clearly higher than in normal infants. The method is suitable for use in a newborn screening program to confirm the suspicion of primary hypothyroidism in specimens with low T4 concentrations. PMID- 57966 TI - Demonstration of the capsular antigens of bovine group B streptococci by the serum-soft agar method. AB - The elaboration of type-specific capsular antigens by group B streptococci can be demonstrated by the serum-soft agar technique. Group B streptococci isolated from bovine mastitis, namely, strains 9F, 14Mi, 8Mo, 44B, and 4S, were shown to form diffuse and compact types of colony morphology in serum-soft agar. Immunochemical and chemical analyses of antigens isolated from diffuse and compact colonies of strain 9F indicated that the diffuse-type growth of this strain was due to the elaboration of a galactose-rich surface antigen, whereas the compact 9F strain was devoid of this antigen. Specific 9F antiserum was effective in converting the diffuse 9F colonies of the compact type, indicating the presence of capsular material. Preliminary evidence suggests that the serum-soft agar technique could also be used to determine the antigenic diversity of the surface antigens of group B streptococci, thus providing an effective means of typing those organisms. PMID- 57967 TI - Antigenic relationships among influenza virua A neuraminidase (N2) antigens by immunodiffusion and postinfection neutralization tests. AB - The antigenic relationships among the neuraminidases of influenza A strains from 1957 to 1973 were examined by postinfection application of neuraminidase antisera. This procedure causes inhibition of virus spread and apparent neutralization. Neuraminidase (apparent) neutralization and neuraminidase inhibition tests with chicken antisera gave similar results. Neuraminidase inhibition tests were more discriminating than neuraminidase neutralization tests when rabbit and goat antisera were used. Antibody absorption studies revealed that the neuraminidase, like the hemagglutinin, may possess two kinds of antigenic determinants, which can give rise to "common," or "cross-reacting," and "specific" antibodies. "Specific" antibody appears to be more effective in the inhibition of enzyme activity than in the inhibition of virus spread. PMID- 57968 TI - Comparison of Chlamydia subgroup A detection from clinical specimens after 40 and 64 hours of incubation in 5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine-treated McCoy's cells. AB - The time course of formation of inclusion bodies produced by Chlamydia in 5-iodo 2-deoxyuridine (IUdR)-treated McCoy's cells was studied with the use of a known isolate of Chlamydia trachomatis D/UW-184/Ur and 47 frozen clinical urethral specimens previously shown to be either positive or negative for chlamydial inclusions after 3 days of incubation. Subsequent examination of 369 clinical specimens from the genitourinary tract over a 6-month period revealed 47 (13%) Chlamydia-positive cultures, all of which demonstrated inclusion bodies by iodine staining at 40 and 64 h postinoculation. Another 146 similar detected by iodine staining from 22 (15%). This study indicates that, although Chlamydia subgroup A inclusions are larger at 64 h, they can be readily detected from clinical specimens in IUdR-treated McCoy's cells at 40 h postinfection. PMID- 57969 TI - Method for identifying Salmonella and Shigella directly from the primary isolation plate by coagglutination of protein A-containing staphylococci sensitized with specific antibody. AB - A technique is described that allows presumptive identification of either Salmonella or Shigella organisms directly upon the original isolation plate, in this case, MacConkey agar. This was accomplished by applying a drop of specifically sensitized protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus over a "suspected" colony or several colonies of organisms grown on MacConkey agar. The plate is tilted to and fro to allow mixing of the particles with specific antigen that ir readily solubilized from the colony and observing for agglutination of the sensitized particles by use of a dissecting microscope. The agglutination can frequently be seen within 15 s, increasing in intensity over a 2-min period. The polyvalent Salmonella antiserum was slower in developing strong agglutination (1.5 to 2 min) compared to particles sensitized with group-specific antisera (15 to 45 s). A high-titer antiserum was important for a test reagent to have the required sensitivity. PMID- 57971 TI - Preventive dentistry in action in a dental college. PMID- 57970 TI - Nomemclature of the proteins of cow's milk: fourth revision. AB - This report reviews the nomenclature of the milk proteins of cow's milk in light of more recent advances in our knowledge. With the establishment of the primary structures of a number of these proteins, we now have a definite identification of alphas1-, kappa-, beta-, and the gamma-caseins as well as beta-lactoglobulin and alpha-lactalbumin. On the basis of new information on their primary structures and relationship to beta-casein polymorphs, changes in nomenclature have been recommended for proteins of the gamma-casein fraction. Although the primary structure serves as the unambiguous definition of proteins for which it is known, a more practical identification is necessary. We recommend that their behavior in gel electrophoresis under suitable conditions be employed for this purpose for all of the "major" milk proteins of raw skim milk except the immunoglobulins where, because of their heterogeneity and molecular genetics, physical parameters are less useful and their identification must be based upon antigenic determinants and their homology with their human counterparts. More work is needed and, with the accumulation of more information, additional changes in nomenclature can be expected for such proteins as the minor components of alphas- and kappa-caseins, alpha-lactalbumin, and the proteose-peptone fraction as well as further confirmation of the presence of immunoglobulins IgE and additional IgG subclasses. Additional components and genetic variants also can be expected. PMID- 57972 TI - Development and evaluation of a self-instructional program in endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate two methods of instruction, the traditional lecture and the slide-tape method, both used with learning material developed for a course in endodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Student performance, the amount of time required to complete the work, and the attitude of the students toward the differing methods of instruction were studied. The student sample, consisting of 108 members of the freshman class at the University of Southern California, was divided into two groups; the lecture group received a traditional two-hour lecture, and the slide-tape group had access to two slide-tapes on the same material. Both groups received a pretest and a posttest, and the students evaluated the teaching material. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in quality of performance, but the lecture group spent more time learning the material, and students in the slide-tape group of instruction had a more favorable opinion of both the instructor (the voice) and the course material. PMID- 57973 TI - Aid for teaching roentgenographic technique. PMID- 57974 TI - Volatilization of lindance from water in soil-free and flooded soil systems. AB - Volatilization of 14C-lindane from water in planchets and under flooded soil ecosystem was investigated. Lindane disappeared faster than parathion from planchets. More rapid loss of both insecticides occurred from water than from chloroform. Loss of lindane and parathion was related to measured losses of water by evaporation. During 5-day incubation under flooded soil conditions, disappearance of lindane was faster from open vials than from sealed vials, whereas in nonflooded soil, no volatile loss of the insecticide was evident despite water evaporation. Over 5 day incubation under flooded conditions, greater volatile loss of lindane occurred in sandy soil than in alluvial soil apparanetly due to greater adsorption to the soil colloids decreasing the insecticide concentration in the standing water on the laterite soil. Under identical conditions of water evaporation, lindane loss was directly proportional to its initial concentration in the water. These results suggest that considerable loss of soil applied pesticides can occur by volatilization from the standing water in flooded rice fields, particularly under tropical conditions. PMID- 57975 TI - The metabolism of lindance and its metabolites gamma-2,3,4,5,6 pentachlorocyclohexene, pentachlorobenzene, and pentachlorophenol in rats and the pathways of lindance metabolism. AB - The metabolism of lindane and its metabolites, gamma-PCCH, PCB, and PCP, has been studied in rats. Urine, faeces, blood and important organs were analyzed for free metabolities and those bound as beta-glucuronides. TeCCOL was identified as a main metabolite by GC/MS and gamma-PCCH has been evaluated toxicologically. A degradation scheme, based on experimental results and comprising only one hypothetical metabolite is proposed and discussed. PMID- 58023 TI - Cytochemical differentiation of nucleic acids with a Schiff-methylene blue sequence. AB - A method is described whereby a Feulgen type of hydrolysis of deoxyribonucleic acid is carried out on paraffin sections of routinely fixed tissues by controlled exposure of the sections to Bouin's fluid. Subsequent staining with Schiff reagent followed by methylene blue distinguishes red-to purple-stained deoxyribonucleic acid from blue-stained ribonucleic acid. This Schiff-methylene blue sequence visualizes ribonucleic acid in nucleoli and the chromidial substance of various normal and neoplastic cells and provides an assessment of their protein synthetic activity. The method has proved valuable in demonstrating normal immunocytes and immunoglobulin-forming tumor cells in pathologic specimens. PMID- 58024 TI - Tannic acid effect on membrane of cell surface origin in guinea pig megakaryocytes and platelets. AB - Plasma membranes in isolated guinea pig megakaryocytes and washed platelets are poorly stained with the usual methods used to outline cell membranes. The addition of tannic acid and calcium to the initial fixative is useful to enhance electron density of all surface-derived membrane systems in these cells. The method described here shows that the increased electron denisty of membrane after fixation in the presence of tannic acid occurs both at the cell surface and along the invaginated membrane systems. PMID- 58025 TI - Induction of immunologic tolerance in nursing neonates by absorption of tolerogen from colostrum. AB - Deaggregatedhuman gamma-globulin (DHGG) injected into female mice within 24 hr after delivery of a litter enters the colostrum and is absorbed intact through the intestine by nursing neonates. This absorbed HGG was present in the neonatal circulation at concentrations of 0.3 to 0.6 mg/ml of serum under the experimental conditions used. This absorption of HGG by the nursing neonate resulted in a complete, specific, tolerant state to HGG. This tolerant state was stable upon adoptive cell transfer and could not be abrogated by transfer of normal syngeneic spleen cells. PMID- 58026 TI - Purification and characterization of a liver-specific antigen. AB - A liver-specific antigen (F-antigen) previously demonstrated in saline extracts of BALB/c mouse liver by double immunodiffusion was isolated and characterized. The antigen was found widely distributed among mammals but absent from avian and frog liver extracts. In immunoelectrophoresis it had an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of serum beta2-globulins, was relatively thermolabile, and was precipitated at 30 to 70% saturated ammonium sulfate concentrations. Evidence was presented that this antigen is a protein or a moiety closely associated with protein. Gel-filtration on Sephadex G-200 revealed liver-specific antigenicity in the second peak. Ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 revealed four peaks of which only the third one exhibited liver-specific antigenicity. This active peak contained 11 polypeptides on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After electrophoresis on acrylamide gel in the absence of SDS, antigenic activity was detected on one fast-moving band. Extraction of the protein band followed by SDS gel electrophoresis showed one major component of m.w. 75,000 and two major bands of m.w. 72,000 and 93,000, respectively. PMID- 58027 TI - Effects of C-reactive protein on platelet function. I. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and release reactions. AB - C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase reactant which shares numerous functional characteristics with the immunoglobulins. In the present study CRP was found to inhibit the aggregation of human platelets stimulated by either modified human immunoglobulin or thrombin. This effect did not involve chelation of calcium or cytotoxicity, and was overcome by larger amounts of the aggregating agents. CRP also inhibited the activation but not the activity of platelet factor 3 and the release of beta-glucuronidase. Thus, CRP can inhibit multiple platelet reactivities. We suggest that this property of CRP may play an important role in the control of platelet responsiveness during reactions of inflammation, defense, and repair. PMID- 58028 TI - Immunologic cross-reactivity of antigen(s) induced by drug treatment in two leukemic sublines. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that new antigenic specificities, not detectable on parental cells, can be induced by in vivo treatment of murine leukemic cells with anti-neoplastic agents. The immunologic properties of leukemic cells altered by treatment with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno) imidazole-4 carboxamide (DIC) were investigated further. Immunologic cross-reactivity between two DIC-treated leukemic sublines has been demonstrated by cell-mediated immunity in vitro and by active or adoptive immunity in vivo. Rabbit antiserum to DIC treated sublines absorbed with the parental cells showed residual activity against the DIC-sublines that was specifically inhibited by further absorption with DIC-cells. PMID- 58029 TI - Generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes in vitro: response of immune rat spleen cells to a syngeneic gross virus-induced lymphoma in mixed lymphocyte-tumor culture. AB - Spleen cells from W/Fu rats 4 to 6 weeks after immunization with syngeneic Gross virus-induced lymphoma (C58NT)D cells usually lack detectable activity in a short term 51Cr release assay. The results presented here demonstrate that these spleen cells retain the capacity to generate significant proliferative and cytotoxic activity upon re-exposure to mitomycin C-treated (C58NT)D cells in vitro. Optimal conditions were defined in W/Fu rats for this secondary immune response in vitro to the (C58NT)D cells. The cytotoxic response was observed to be quantitative, reproducible, and specific. Optimal generation occurred 5 days after initiation of cultures with a 30:1 responding cell:stimulating cell ratio. In vitro generated cytotoxic cells inhibit tumor growth in vivo when administered as a mixture with tumor cells. PMID- 58030 TI - Antigen-specific and nonspecific mediatiors of T cell/B cell cooperation. II. Two helper T cells distinguished by their antigen sensitivities. AB - Further evidence is presented for two types of helper T cells in the mouse specific for the protein antigen, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). The first cell helps B cells respond to the trinitrophenyl hapten (TNP) coupled to KLH, is primed by relatively high doses of antigen in vivo, and yet the effector cell is stimulated by very low doses of antigen in vitro. The second cell helps B cells respond to a non-cross-reacting antigen, sheep red blood cells, presumably via production of a nonspecific factor. This cell is primed by relatively low doses of antigen in vivo, but the effector cell requires relatively high doses of antigen in vitro. Thus, the two T cell types are differently sensitive to antigen dose, both in priming and challenge. The properties of T cells responding to KLH by proliferation in vitro were also studied. These cells showed the same antigen sensitivity in vitro, as cells producing nonspecific B cell-stimulating factors. PMID- 58031 TI - Antigen-specific and nonspecific mediators of T cell/B cell cooperation. III. Characterization of the nonspecific mediator(s) from different sources. AB - T cell-containing lymphoid populations produce a nonantigen-specific mediator(s) (NSM) which can replace T cell helper function in vitro in the response of B cells to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), but not to the hapten-protein conjugate, trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin, (TNP-KLH). NSM produced under three conditions: 1) stimulation of KLH-primed cells with KLH; 2) allogeneic stimulation of normal spleen cells; and 3) stimulation of normal spleen cells with Con A (but not PHA) are indistinguishable on the basis of their biologic activity and m.w., estimated as 30 to 40,000 daltons by G-200 chromatography. Production of NSM is dependent on the presence of T cells. The action of NSM on B cells responding to SRBC in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol is unaffected by severe macrophage depletion. Extensive absorption of NSM with SRBC failed to remove its activity, confirming its nonantigen-specific nature. PMID- 58032 TI - Role of t lymphocytes in the humoral immune response. II. T cell-mediated regulation of antibody avidity. AB - The effect of activated T lymphocytes (ATC) on the avidity distribution of PFC in the secondary response was studied in normal mice. The total PFC response was not significantly changed for either direct or indirect PFC by administration of ATC before secondary antigen challenge. However, marked suppression occurred of indirect PFC that secreted high avidity antibody; no suppression was seen of high avidity direct PFC. At the same time, significant stimulation was seen of relative and absolute frequencies of indirect PFC that secreted middle and low avidity antibody. These effects were dependent on Thy 1-bearing, nylon nonadherent cells which demonstrated carrier specificity. In further characterization of these effects, it was found that increasing the number of ATC transferred produced progressive loss of high avidity PFC and compensatory increase in lower avidity PFC. Moreover, in these experiments, suppression of the high avidity response was inducible with the administration of ATC 5 weeks before to 3 days after the secondary immunization. Thus, it is likely that the avidity modifying effects are dependent on T lymphocytes which influence the late stages of B lymphocyte maturation. PMID- 58033 TI - Shared antigens between human malignant melanoma cells and Mycobacterium bovis (BCG). AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the antigenic relationships between human malignant melanoma cells and Mycobacterium bovis (BCG). Rabbits were immunized with sonicates of BCG or with malignant melanoma cells from different patients and the resulting antisera were tested for their capacity to bind radiolabeled soluble extracts prepared from BCG and melanoma cells. The binding of antibodies to radiolabeled antigens was studied by precipitation of radiolabeled antigen-antibody complexes by anti-rabbit immunoglobulin. Antibodies in sera from rabbits immunized with either BCG (anti-BCG) or melanoma cells (anti melanoma) bound both the labeled BCG and melanoma antigens. Control antisera, from rabbits immunized with human acute or chronic lymphatic leukemia cells or with normal human spleen cells, did not bind significant amounts of radiolabeled BCG. Antibodies in sera from rabbits immunized with normal spleen cells bound small but significant amounts of radiolabeled melanoma antigens. Binding by anti BCG and anti-melanoma to the radiolabeled antigens was studied before and after absorption of antisera with cells from human melanoma, leukemia, guinea pig hepatoma, and normal human spleen cells. Inhibition studies using unlabeled BCG extracts also were carried out. The absorption and inhibition studies confirmed that the binding reactions were specific and that antigens from five melanoma patients shared antigenic determinants with BCG. PMID- 58034 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to friend virus-induced leukemia. IV. In vitro generation of primary and secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic responses. AB - Primary and secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic responses to FBL-3 cells, a syngeneic Friend virus-induced leukemia in C57BL/6 mice, could be generated by in vitro techniques as tested by the 125IUdR release assay. The specificity of the cytotoxic reactions appeared to be directed against the Friend type-specific antigen and the FMR (Friend, Moloney, Rauscher) antigen which were also the major antigens for transplantation immunity to FBL-3. In comparison to the primary cytotoxic response, the secondary cytotoxic response was accelerated (detected at an earlier time after sensitization), enhanced (gave much higher levels of cytotoxicity), was also longer lasting, and could be induced by a wide dose range of tumor cells. The secondary response could only be induced with lymphocytes obtained from regressors that were resistant to FBL-3 challenge; lymphocytes from mice with progressive tumor growth had no detectable secondary response. It was found that both induction phase and the effector phase of cytotoxic responses were T cell dependent. The characteristics of these reactions were thus very similar to those obtained with in vivo immunization or challenge, providing a good correlation with in vivo tumor immunity. PMID- 58035 TI - Studies on autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the guinea pig. II. An in vitro investigation on the nature, properties, and specificity of the serum demyelinating factor. AB - Complement-dependent demyelinating activity of whole brain homogenate (WBH) induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) sera was tested on long term tissue cultures of in vitro myelinated fetal guinea pig cerebellum. Complement-fixing (CF) auto-antibodies were shown to be the responsible agents, as demonstrated in experiments where all reagents belonged to the same species: guinea pigs of outbred (Hartley) and even of inbred (S2 or S13) strains. These antibodies were of the IgG2 class as shown by Sephadex G-200 and DEAE cellulose fractionation experiments. The corresponding auto-antigen was present in the homogenate and myelin of the central nervous system (CNS) tissue. It was different from the encephalitogenic basic protein of CNS myelin (BP), as shown in experiments where the demyelinating auto-antibodies were induced, detected, and absorbed by WBH or by CNS myelin but not by BP. They were neither induced by nor cross-reacting with cerebroside and peripheral nervous system (PNS) tissue. PMID- 58036 TI - In vivo protection against syngeneic Gross virus-induced lymphoma in rats: comparison with in vitro studies of cell-mediated immunity. AB - Spleen cells at various times after inoculation of W/Fu rats with a syngeneic Gross virus-induced lymphoma, (C58NT)D, were tested for their in vivo activity in adoptive transfer experiments and for their in vitro reactivity in a 4-hr 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay and in a mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell interaction assay. In adoptive transfer, the best protection against tumor growth was observed with immune spleen cells taken at 30 days after tumor cell inoculation (the peak of reactivity in the mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell interaction assay) whereas cells taken at 10 days (the peak reactivity in the 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay) gave only partial protection. The protection detected in the adoptive transfer experiments was specific for (C58NT)D associated antigens, and this correlated well with the specificity observed in the in vitro cell-mediated immunity assays. T cells, but not complement receptor-bearing cells or macrophages, were essential for the protection against tumor growth in vivo, and also for the in vitro reactivity in the 51Cr release cytotoxicity and the mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell interaction assays. PMID- 58037 TI - Cell-mediated immune response to herpes simplex virus: type-specific lymphoproliferative responses in lymph nodes draining the site of primary infection. AB - Cell-mediated immune responses to type 1 and type 2 HSV were studied in rabbits using an in vitro lymphocyte transformation assay. The footpad route of inoculation was used to allow us to study the specificity and degree of localization of the responses. Rabbits inoculated in the hind footpads with infectious HSV-I or HSV-II mount type-specific lymphocyte transformation responses that are localized to draining lymphoid organs. Type-specificity requires careful control of all in vitro culture conditions and reflects the extensive cross-reactivity demonstrated by serologic techniques. While lymphocyte transformation responses can be detected with immune SL and PBL, presumably the result of early escape of antigen into the systemic circulation, responses by draining LNL are significantly greater in magnitude. Distant LNL have not been shown to respond. It is postulated that the augmented local immune response to HSV plays a significant role in controlling recurrent HSV infections. PMID- 58038 TI - Defining the heterogeneity of anti-tumor antibody responses. AB - Studies were undertaken to analyze the humoral in vivo and in vitro antibody response of BALB/c mice to a syngeneic MSV-induced tumor cell line. With a sensitive radioimmunoassay, sera obtained from individual progressor and regressor mice were shown to vary greatly in total tumor-specific antibody concentration as well as immunoglobulin class distribution of the antibody, but no significant difference existed between the groups of progressor and regressor mice as a whole. In addition, serum antibodies from all animals were shown to have extensive cross-reactivity against a variety of cell lines chosen to share one or more antigens with the cell line used for immunization. Conversely, when in vitro fragment cultures of splenic tissue from progressor and regressor mice were stimulated with tumor-related antigen, differences in responsiveness among normal, progressor, and regressor mice were observed. In addition, antibodies derived from fragment cultures displayed several different cross-reactivity patterns all of which were more restricted in specificity than serum antibodies. PMID- 58039 TI - Continuously proliferating T killer cells specific for H-2b targets: selection and characterization. AB - BALB/c (H-2d) thymus-derived lymphocytes sensitized to C57BL/6 (H-2b) alloantigens have been propagated in vitro for over 9 months. These T lymphocytes are specifically cytotoxic to H-2b target cells but are stimulated to proliferate by both H-2b and H-2k spleen cells. This indicates that for these selected cells the antigen requirements for cell proliferation are different from those for cell mediated cytotoxicity. If not continuously stimulated with allogeneic spleen cells, the cytotoxic cultures fail to divide and rapidly lose their cytotoxic activity. Allogeneic erythrocytes do not stimulate cell proliferation in "quiescent" cell cultures and allogeneic tumor cells do so only in the presence of spleen cells. However, "quiescent" cell cultures display cytotoxicity in the presence of phytohemagglutinin A as do cell cultures which have lost their cytotoxic activity although they proliferate upon allogeneic stimulation. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 58040 TI - Specific selection of cytotoxic effector cells: the generation of cytotoxic T cells in rat thoracic duct lymphocyte populations positively or negatively selected for reactivity to specific strong histocompatibility alloantigens. AB - These studies consider the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from precursors (CTLP) present in rat thoracic duct lymphocytes after stimulation with strong alloantigens. Also, they explore the relationship between CTLP and "initiator" (I) lymphocytes responsible for specific GVH and MLI reactions. Positively selected TDL populations prepared in bulk MLI cultures show enriched GVH and MLI reactivity for the selecting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) haplotype, but no cytotoxic activity, raising the possibility that I and CTLP may belong to different subpopulations, and the latter failed to differentiate or to survive under these culture conditions. Restimulation of these cells in Marbrook culture vessels with the original priming haplotype under conditions suitable for generating killer cells in vitro resulted in greatly increased specific CTL activity with accelerated kinetics soon after priming and normal kinetics later. These findings indicate that "memory" killer cells can be generated in a previously stimulated lymphocyte population that had no overt cytotoxic activity. Restimulation with third party haplotypes failed to give CTL activity either to specific or to third party targets. Negatively selected TDL populations prepared by "filtration" through x-irradiated F1 rats, depleted of specific GVH and MLI responses, were also depleted of the ability to generate CTL in Marbrook cultures stimulated with the selecting haplotype. Stimulation with third party haplotypes, or with both third party and specific haplotypes together, gave CTL effective only against the third party target. PMID- 58041 TI - Specific suppression of the immune response by HGG tolerant spleen cells. I. Parameters affecting the level of suppression. AB - After adoptive transfer, the spleen cells from mice made tolerant to human gamma globulin (HGG) specifically suppress the immune response of normal spleen cells. However, this suppressive activity in the spleen cells of tolerant mice is only present for a brief period after treatment with tolerogen. Spleen cells from animals injected 10 days earlier with tolerogen reduce the immune response of an equal number of normal spleen cells by 75%. Spleen cells from mice made tolerant 40 days previously are, however, no longer suppressive, even though they remain completely unresponsive. These data suggest that active suppression of antigen reactive cells is not the mechanism responsible for maintaining tolerance to HGG, but rather is only transiently associated with the tolerant state. Further evidence in favor of the separation of the tolerant state from suppressive activity is that complete suppression of the normal spleen cell response requires either a high ratio of tolerant to immune competent cells or a delay in the antigenic challenge of the reconstituted recipients. By contrast, such manipulations are not required to demonstrate the complete unresponsiveness of the tolerant cells after adoptive transfer. PMID- 58042 TI - The inhibition of cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity reactions by a heterologous anti-guinea pig T cell serum. AB - Systemic treatment with a heterologous anti-T cell serum of guinea pigs immunized with EA in IFA markedly suppressed CBH reactivity to specific antigen and T cell mitogens, as judged by gross reactivity, histology, and skin histamine. The antiserum produced a marked drop in circulating lymphocytes, mainly at the expense of T cells, as indicated by the ability of surviving lymphocytes to rosette with rabbit RBC. It was postulated that the suppression of CBH reactivity is due to the depletion of T cells, which would have released a factor chemotactic for basophils. The data therefore provide further evidence that cutaneous reactions rich in basophils are primarily dependent on a population of T cells. PMID- 58043 TI - Anti-immunoglobulin stimulation of murine lymphocytes. I. Age dependency of the proliferative response. AB - The in vitro proliferative response of normal mouse spleen cells to anti immunoglobulin (Anti-Ig) reagents was found to be an age-associated phenomenon. The response usually appears in mice when they reach 5 to 7 months of age and is rarely seen in younger animals. Anti-Ig induced proliferation was observed by using two different antisera--one polyvalent, prepared against mouse antibody antigen complexes and one prepared against mouse IgM myeloma. Both antisera were shown to be specific for B cells by cytotoxicity and immunofluorescent staining. Glassbead separation of spleen cells showed that the anti-Ig-induced proliferation was a B cell response. PMID- 58044 TI - Studies on the antigenic determinants of the Thy-1.2 alloantigen as expressed by the murine lymphoblastoid line S-49.1 TB-2-3. AB - Sialic acid has been shown to be part of the antigenic determinant of the Thy-1.2 alloantigen as expressed by the murine cell line S-49.1 TB-2-3 (S-49). This conclusion is based on the loss of cytotoxic inhibitory activity by the action of neuraminidase on the Thy-1.2 alloantigen. Also, sialic acid has the ability to inhibit the cytotoxic assay of AKR anti-C3H Thy-1.2 serum for S-49 cells. Further evidence for the protein nature of the Thy-1.2 alloantigen is apparent by trypsin digestion. Possibly the Thy-1.2 alloantigen as expressed on S-49 cells is a glycoprotein. PMID- 58045 TI - Release of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from human leukocytes by the calcium ionophore A23187. AB - The ability of the calcium ionophore A23187 to release slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRA-A) from human leukocytes was studied. About 25 times more SRS-A activity was released from aliquots of leukocytes by ionophore stimulation than by antigen stimulation, although comparable amounts of histamine were released. Cell separation studies revealed that granulocytes other than basophils were also capable of releasing SRS-A. The contractile activity released after challenge with ionophore appeared physicochemically identical to the SRS-A of rat or human origin released by antigen challenge in terms of its stability to base hydrolysis, inactivation by arylsulfatase, and chromatographic behavior on silicic acid and Sephadex LH-20 columns. We suggest that some mediators of allergic reactions previously associated, in man, only with antigen-IgE antibody interaction on mast cells or basophils may be released by other stimuli and from other cell types. PMID- 58046 TI - Suppression of antibody responses in allogeneic mice by products of lymphoid tissue. I. Allogeneic suppressive factor (ASF) from spleens repopulated with thymus cells. AB - A cellfree extract prepared from the spleen cells of C3H mice is capable of suppressing antibody responses to SRBC when extract material is exposed to alloantigens. The observed immunosuppression was attributed to a soluble factor in the extract. This allogeneic suppressive factor (ASF) was detected in extracts prepared from the spleen cells of unirradiated mice as well as those of irradiated mice repopulated with thymocytes, provided that mice were previously immunized with SRBC. Donors of actively suppressive ASF preparations did not need to be previously exposed to alloantigens. Extracts from thymus and marrow cells of unirradiated mice and the spleen cells of irradiated mice repopulated with marrow cells (or no cells) did not contain ASF. C3H thymocytes stimulated with SRBC generated more ASF activity in spleens of C3BF1 hosts than in those of C3H hosts, indicating that alloantigenic stimulation enhances the production or activity of ASF. Once produced, C3H ASF was able to suppress antibody responses in cell transfer experiments only if exposed to C3BF alloantigens of either donor lymphoid cells or irradiated hosts. Once exposed to alloantigens, ASF appears to be capable of suppressing antibody responses of syngeneic C3H or semi-allogeneic C3BF cells. When both donor lymphoid cells and hosts were syngeneic with the donor of the ASF, there was enhancement of antibody formation in cell transfer experiments. C3H ASF did not interfere with education of C3BF thymocytes to SRBC or with the generation of precursors of anti-SRBC antibody-forming cells by C3BF1 marrow cells. ASF may interfere with cellular cooperative events necessary for humoral immune responses or with terminal differentiation of B cells. Production of ASF could partially account for the suppression of antibody responses observed during graft-vs-host reactions. PMID- 58047 TI - Suppression of antibody responses in allogeneic mice by products of lymphoid tissue. II. Lack of antigenic specificity and immunogenetic requirements of allogeneic suppressive factor (ASF). AB - Mice were irradiated, infused with thymocytes and immunized with a variety of antigens, i.e., sheep or horse red blood cells (SRBC or HRBC), diphtheria toxoid (DT) or bovine gamma-globulin (BGG). The spleen cells (T.Spleen cells) were harvested 5 days later and cellfree extracts were prepared. The extracts contained an allogeneic suppressive factor (ASF) that was capable of inhibiting IgM antibody responses of allogeneic or semi-allogeneic unirradiated mice. ASF had to be injected within 24 hr of immunization to be effective and a single injection delayed, rather than abolished, the antibody response at the cellular level. However, daily injections of ASF resulted in persistent suppression of antibody response. ASF activity was antigen nonspecific, i.e., the antigen used to stimulate ASF production did not have to be the same as the antigen used to test for ASF activity. C3H T.Spleen extracts were even immunosuppressive when prepared by exposure to C3BF1 alloantigens only; such extracts suppressed antibody responses of C3BF1 and DBA/2 mice. C3H ASF was removed from extracts after incubation with C3BF1 spleen cells but not after incubation with C3H spleen cells. C3BF1 spleen cells which had been preincubated with C3H ASF were unable to generate antibody-forming cells upon transfer to irradiated C3BF1 host mice. This suggests that the ASF molecule may be or include receptors for alloantigens. The immunogenetic requirements for ASF activity were evaluated by injecting extracts from C3H, C57BL, C3BF and BALB/c T.Spleen cells into C3H, CBA, C57BL, BALB/c, DBA/2, A or C3H.A recipient mice. All extracts tested had ASF activity. However, all allogeneic recipients were not suppressed by the extract material. The suppressive activity of ASF seemed to require two (or more) antigenic differences between donors and recipients of extract material, an H-2K or I antigen difference and a second antigen difference, possibility Ig-1. In the limited numbers of strain combinations tested, T.Spleen extracts suppressed IgM antibody response only if exposed to H-2 and Ig-1 antigens, e.g., BALB/c (H-2d, Ig-1a) ASF suppressed A (H-2a, Ig-1e) but not C3H.A (H-2a, Ig-1a) or DBA/2 (H-2d, Ig-1c). Separate ASF molecules may react with separate antigens on the cell surface, i.e., with H-2 and gammaG2a. Alternatively, one ASF molecule may react with two structurally associated antigens. If the latter is correct, it is conceivable that the beta2-microglobulin which is non-covalently linked to the major component of H-2 molecules expresses allotypic antigens coded for by Ig-1 and beta2-microglobulin is one of the antigens recognized by ASF. PMID- 58048 TI - Suppression of reaginic antibody formation. III. Relationship between immunogenecity and tolerogenicity of hapten-carrier conjugates. AB - From the study of the effect of epitope density on the immunogenicity of haptenated ovalbumin (DNP-OA) it was concluded that the lightly haptenated conjugate, DNP0-5-OA, induced, on the one hand, only low titers of anti-DNP hemagglutinating antibody and no reaginic antibodies to the hapten and, on the other, high reaginic and high hemagglutinating antibody responses to the carrier. The conjugate with a slightly higher degree of haptenation, i.e., DNP2.3-OA, induced both reaginic and hemagglutinating antibodies to both the hapten and the carrier. By contrast, the heavily haptenated conjugate, DNP20-OA, elicited reaginic and hemagglutinating antibodies only against the hapten but not against the carrier. Specific suppression of anti-hapten reaginic antibody formation had been achieved by treatment of mice with a tolerogen consisting of the hapten (DNP) conjugated covalently to isologous gamma globulins (MgammaG). The epitope density of the DNPx-MgammaG conjugates was shown to play a dominant role in determining whether or not the conjugate was tolerogenic. Thus, lightly haptenated conjugates (DNP0.5-MgammaG, DNP1.3-MgammaG or DNP1.9-MgammaG) were not tolerogenic, moderately haptenated conjugates (DNP4.2-MgammaG, DNP8-MgammaG, and DNP 14-MgammaG) were tolerogenic, and heavily haptenated conjugates (DNP32 MgammaG and DNP53-MgammaG) were immunogenic, being capable of priming the recipients for the DNP hapten. Further evidence for the nonimmunogenicity of DNP 8-MgammaG conjugate was inferred from its rate of clearance in tolerized and normal mice. Thus, the half-life of 125I-labeled DNP8-MgammaG in circulation was not significantly different for normal and tolerized mice; it was 3.7 and 3.5 days, respectively, which is within the range of data reported for clearance of normal MgammaG. These results suggest that DNP8-MgammaG was catabolized at a rate similar to that of nonconjugated, isologous MgammaG. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the localization of DNP8-MgammaG in identical difference in the localization of DNP8-MgammaG in identical organs (spleen, thymus, kidney, and liver) of normal and tolerized mice. All the multivalent DNPx MgammaG conjugates were shown to be able to elicit passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction on i.v. challenge of rats which had been pre-sensitized i.d. with anti-DNP reaginic antibodies. PMID- 58049 TI - Sequential changes in the concentration of specific serum proteins during typhoid fever infection in man. AB - An automated immunoprecipitin system has been utilized to quantitate the concentration of 10 specific proteins in the plasma of man. Values obtained by this technique are in agreement with the published concentrations for these specific plasma proteins. This technique was utilized to determine the sequential change s in 10 individual plasma proteins of volunteers exposed to Salmonella typhi. In those volunteers who developed typical typhoid fever, plasma concentrations of the acute phase proteins, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, alpha1-antitrypsin, and haptoglobin, as well as C3 complement were significantly increased with the onset of febrile illness. In contrast, the concentration of plasma albumin and tranferrin were depressed while plasma IgM became elevated during early convalescence from this infection. No significant changes were observed in the plasma concentrations of alpha2-macroglobulin, IgG, or IgA. In the exposed volunteers who did not become ill, the only significant change was a brief depression of alpha1-antitrypsin. During typhoid fever the patterns of change for individual plasma acute-phase globulins were different from those reported for patients with hepatitis, myocaridal infarction, or surgery. PMID- 58050 TI - Chemotherapy for head and neck tumours. Observations on a twelve-month study. AB - This paper describes a multiagent protocol of chemotherapy suitable for head and neck cancer which has been used at King's College Hospital since 1974. It studies a twelve month period in which 30 patients received chemotherapy and offers details of eight patients who were free of tumour from two to twelve months after completing the treatment. No statistical evaluation is attempted as the follow-up period is so short and the clinical material so diverse. PMID- 58051 TI - Uptake of (125I) iododeoxyuridine in cultured rat and human prostate: effects of insulin and testosterone. AB - DNA synthetic activity was monitored in rat and human prostate using [125I] iododeoxyuridine ([125I]UdR). Fresh prostate tissue from 6-week-old rats showed higher incorporation of [125I]UdR than that from 12- or 26-week-old rats. During culture for up to 6 days in the absence of hormones, the incorporation of [125I]UdR fell to a low level for all three age groups. Stimulatory effects were seen when rat prostates were cultured in the presence of insulin (3 mug/ml) and testosterone (10(-7) mol/l), the incorporation on day 4 of culture being commensurate with that of fresh prostrate of the corresponding age. Thus the magnitude of the response was higher for the 6-week-old prostate than that for the other two age groups. A similar age-related pattern of androgen stimulation was observed in experiments in which immature and adult castrated rats were injected daily with testosterone and the freshly removed prostates were incubated with [125I]UdR. Although insulin, by itself, had a stimulatory effect on [125I]UdR incorporation in cultured prostate, the magnitude of the response did not differ in the 6- and 26-week-old prostate tissue. Maximal stimulation was obtained using 25 mug insulin/ml. Tissue from a benigh prostatic hyperplasia was also responsive to insulin in culture but it differed from rat prostate in that increased proliferative activity occurred even in the absence of hormone stimulation. This spontaneous surge in activity during culture tended to mask the stimulatory effects of insulin and testosterone at concentrations of 3 mug/ml and 10(-7) mol/l respectively. PMID- 58052 TI - In vitro tolerance induction of neonatal murine B cells. AB - The susceptibility of neonatal and adult B lymphocytes to tolerance induction was analyzed by a modification of the in vitro splenic focus technique. This technique permits stimulation of individual hapten-specific clonal precursor cells from both neonatal and adult donors. Neonatal or adult BALB/c spleen cells were adoptively transferred into irradiated, syngeneic, adult recipients which had been carrier-primed to hemocyanin (Hy), thus maximizing stimulation to the hapten 2,4-dinitrophenyl coupled by Hy (DNP-Hy). Cultures were initially treated with DNP on several heterologous (non-Hy) carriers and subsequently stimulated with DNP-Hy. Whereas the responsiveness of adult B cells was not diminished by pretreatment with any DNP conjugate, the majority of the neonatal B-cell response was abolished by in vitro culture with all of the DNP-protein conjugates. During the 1st wk of life, the ability to tolerize neonatal splenic B cells progressively decreased. Thus, tolerance in this system is: (a) restricted to B cells early in development; (b) established by both tolerogens and immunogens; (c) achieved at low (10(-9) M determinant) antigen concentrations; and (d) highly specific, discriminating between DNP- and TNP-specific B cells. We conclude that: (a) B lymphocytes, during their development, mature through a stage in which they are extremely susceptible to tolerogenesis; (b) the specific interaction of B cell antigen receptors with multivalent antigens, while irrelevant to mature B cells, is tolerogenic to neonatal (immature) B cells unless antigen is concomitantly recognized by primed T cells; and (c) differences in the susceptibility of immature and mature B lymphocytes to tolerance induction suggest intrinsic differences between neonatal and adult B cells and may provide a physiologically relevant model for the study of tolerance to self-antigens. PMID- 58053 TI - Cell interactions in the suppression of in vitro antibody responses. AB - Normal T and immune B lymphocytes interact in a fashion that leads to suppression of the immune response. Normal spleen cells added to cultures of primed spleen cells specifically suppressed both the IgM and IgG secondary antibody response of the primed cells to less than 30% of the response of the immune cells cultured alone. Cell crowding as a possible in vitro artifact was ruled out. The suppression was specific for the priming antigen, even when the specific and nonspecific antigens were included in the same cultures. Suppression required both normal T and immune B cells to be present in culture. We suggest that the immune population produces a signal that can induce normal T cells to become specific suppressor cells. This form of interaction may represent an important regulatory (homeostatic) mechanism in the immune system. PMID- 58055 TI - Inhibition of the Fc receptor of human lymphoid cells by antisera-recognizing determinants of the hla system. AB - The inhibitory effect of HLA antisera on Fc receptors of human lymphoid cells was investigated. The ability of lymphoid cells to form rosettes (FcRFC) with antibody-coated sheep red blood cells and to function as effector cells (K cells) in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity were used as assay systems. We found that antisera recognizing determinants of the HLA-A, -B, and -C series had no effect on FcRFC, while a specific inhibitory effect was observed of antisera probably reacting with determinants identical to or closely associated with those of the HLA-D series. This inhibitory effect was retained in the F(ab')2 fragments. Specific inhibition of K cells was observed with all HLA antisera, but this effect was lost in the F(ab')2 fragments. We conclude that the Fc receptor of rosette-forming lymphocytes may be closely associated with products of the HLA D region. This is analogous to the association between the Fc receptor and the Ia antigens on murine rosette-forming B lymphocytes. PMID- 58056 TI - Passive hemagglutination test as a serodiagnostic tool for human leptospirosis. PMID- 58054 TI - Isolation and properties of the leukocytosis- and lymphocytosis-promoting factor of Bordetella pertussis. AB - The leukocytosis- and lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF) of Bordetella pertussis has been isolated to near homogeneity by physical, chemical, and electron microscopical criteria. LPF contains 14.5% nitrogen and is lipid and carbohydrate free. It is apparently composed of four polypeptide subunits. LPF caused leukocytosis and lymphocytosis in "nude" as well as in normal mice. In addition, purified LPF also induced histamine sensitization and hypoglycemia and refractoriness to the hyperglycemic effect of epinephrine. A monospecific LPF antiserum blocked these reactions as well as leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. LPF is clearly distinct from the hemagglutinating pili of B. pertussis. PMID- 58057 TI - An autoradiographic identification of Purkinje axon terminals in the cat. AB - The Purkinje axon boutons terminating in nuclei fastigii and interpositus in the cat have been identified after injection of 3H leucine into the cerebellar cortex overlying the nuclei. The animals survived from 4-48 h after injection of the isotope. Semithin and ultrathin sections were coated and exposed for 3 and 14 weeks, respectively. The electron micrographs showed labelling over myelinated axons down to a diameter of 0.8 mum, and over boutons. Fifty labelled boutons were used for identification of the shape of their synaptic vesicles. The statistical analysis including the test for skewness showed that 39 boutons (78%) fall in one group. Most of the synaptic vesicles in this group are elliptical (ration from 1:1.1 - 1:1.7). Slightly ovoid vesicles (ration up to 1:1.3) are frequent, but flattened vesicles (ration above 1:1.7) are relatively few in this group of boutons. 8% of the boutons have a rather homogeneous vesicle population (prevalence of round vesicles, ratio 1:1). Synaptic specializations of Gray's type II or of an intermediate type were found in the boutons belonging to the first group (78% of the boutons). Specializations of Gray's type I were found in the other bouton groups (8% of the boutons). PMID- 58059 TI - Letter: The role of IgE in the release of histamine from human gingival mast cells. PMID- 58058 TI - Early diagnosis of neonatal bacteremia by buffy-coat examination. AB - This study demonstrates the value of the buffy-coat smear examination in the early diagnosis of neonatal bacteremia. It is inexpensive, easy to perform, and relatively efficient. In most situations large numbers of bacteria could be seen in each positive smear. Unfortunately, the presence of a positive buffy-coat smear was often associated with a poor prognosis; more than one half (four of seven) of infants with positive smears died. PMID- 58060 TI - Maintenance of plasma-derived proteins at much lower concentrations in the uterine lumen of the rabbit: a kinetic study of passage. AB - Human serum albumin (HSA) and human gamma globulin (HGG) in serum and uterine fluid of nonpregnant rabbits at various times after an i.v. injection (100 mg/kg) were measured by a radial immunodiffusion test using specific antisera. The HSA concentration in uterine fluid rose to a peak at 12 hr when it was 11% of the serum concentration and then declined, whereas HGG reached a peak at 18 hr (3.2% of serum level) and decreased thereafter. The HSA passed 2 1/2 times faster than HGG, but both proteins equilibrated with uterine fluid in about 12-18 hr. Steady state levels of HSA and HGG indicated that uterine fluid: serum ratios were 1:10 and 1:20, respectively. Similar ratios were found for total protein and rabbit serum albumin (1:10) and rabbit gamma globulin (1:20). Therefore, except when there is a local immune response, the uterine lumen contains only about 5% of the serum antibody concentration. Available data in the mouse, rat and dog also indicate disparity between serum and uterine fluid protein levels. PMID- 58061 TI - Antibody dependent cytotoxicity mediated by neutrophils: a possible mechanism of antiviral defense. PMID- 58062 TI - Familial 'partial 9p' trisomy: six cases and four carriers in three generations. AB - Six cases of translocation trisomy for the distal half of the short arm of a number 9 chromosome and four asymptomatic balanced translocation carriers are presented in a three-generation pedigree. The clinical features are remarkably similar to those recently recognized and increasingly reported in full short arm (9p) trisomy and should be considered a modification of the same syndrome. In addition to non-specific mental retardation and short stature, there is, in common, a characteristic facies, including down-turned corners of the mouth, a slightly bulbous nose, moderately large ears, suggestively wide-set eyes with an antimongoloid slant, dysplasia and hypolasis of the nails, clindactyly of the 5th fingers, and abnormal dermatoglyphs. It appears that the 'trisomy 9p syndrome' in its variant forms, including trisomies for more or less than just the short (p) arm, is one of the most common clinical autosome anomalies in humans, exceeded only by trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome) and possibly trisomies of chromosomes 13 and 18. PMID- 58063 TI - Virological studies of baboon (Papio hamadryas) lymphoma: isolation and characterization of foamyviruses. AB - In accordance with a memorandum of understanding in cancer research between scientists in the USSR and the USA, virological studies were performed on two baboons from the Russian colony at the Institute of Experimental Pathology and Therapy at Sukhumi where several cases of leukemia have been observed over the past few years. Foamyvirus isolations were made from lymphoid cells of both of these monkeys, one of which had a confirmed case of lymphoma. The isolates were similar to each other serologically and morphologically, possessed characteristics typical of foamyviruses, and cross-reacted to a low level with antibody to simian foamyvirus type 1. PMID- 58064 TI - High-resolution autoradiography as a tool for the localization of nucleic acid synthesis and distribution in the mammalian cell nucleus. AB - Several examples of the application of high resolution autoradiography to the study of nucleic acid distribution in ultrathin sections of fixed and plastic embedded or frozen material are presented. Newly-synthesized DNA, labelled by very short pulses of 3H-thymidine is found to be localized throughout the nucleus. In the blastomeres of early mouse embryos developing after fertilization by 3H-thymidine-labelled spermatozoa, the labelled paternal DNA is distributed non-homogeneously in the nucleus. Finally some results obtained by using a cytochemical enzymatic technique for visualization of DNA directly in ultrathin sections of fixed and embedded cells are demonstrated. Concerning the distribution of RNA, perichromatin localization of rapidly transcribed RNA is described in different cell systems. This label can be attributed to perichromatin fibrils. In cells labelled for longer periods of time, sometimes followed by prolonged postincubations, a residual label is always found over the nucleus. Clusters of interchromatin granules are usually only weakly labelled or unlabelled. These structures probably contain a limited amount of rather slowly labelled RNA. The present results are discussed in the context of some biochemical evidence and of the data described by other investigators. PMID- 58065 TI - Identification of peroxisomes (microbodies) in mouse myocardium. PMID- 58067 TI - Sex chromatin determination in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of rats. AB - Distinctive chromatin bodies appearing in interphase nuclei of mammalian female cells have been found in most mammalian species. The positive correlation between sex chromatin masses and mammalian female tissue presents an almost ideal criterion for sex determination of mammalian tissues. Previous studies indicate that this positive correlation exists in fresh and formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded normal and tumor tissue of humans, as well as in fresh squash preparations of normal and tumor tissues of rodents. In this experiment we have shown that it is also possible to determine sex in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded normal and tumor tissue of the rat. PMID- 58066 TI - Biologic effects of auto emissions. I. Exhaust from engine with and without catalytic converter. AB - This paper relates to the efficacy of a catalytic converter in reducing the levels of certain pollutants emitted from an automobile engine and to the reduction and/or elimination of gross biologic damages in animals exposed to emissions from an exhaust system containing such catalysts. Groups of rats were exposed to diluted emissions from an automobile engine with and without catalyst. Concomitantly, a comparative experiment was conducted by exposing a group of rats to carbon monoxide alone (575 mg/m3). The parameters measured included hematocrit, serum LDH, GOT, and lysozyme. An elevation in hematocrit was observed in animals of the experiment run without catalyst and in those exposed to carbon monoxide; the use of the catalyst reduced the carbon monoxide levels in the exposure chambers by more than tenfold and prevented these bioeffects from occurring. Serum LDH activity was elevated in the groups of rats in the experiment conducted without catalyst, but no alternation was observed in the animals from the experiment utilizing the catalyst or in those exposed to carbon monoxide alone. The data obtained in this study showed that acute exposure to noncatalytic emissions caused significant alterations in certain biologic parameters. Conversely, the introduction of an oxidizing catalytic converter into the engine exhaust system reduced or prevented such biologic damage. PMID- 58068 TI - Teratological evaluation of FD&C red no.2-a collaborative government-industry study. I Introduction, experimental materials, and procedures. AB - Because of recent studies indicating possible embryolethality and teratogenicity of FD&C Red. No 2, and ad hoc committee was convened by the Food and Drug Administration to consider these questions. The committee suggested a collaborative study by three laboratories [Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories (IBT), and National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR)] in which Red No. 2 was given at 200 mg/kg body weight, by gavage during days 0-19, 6-15, or 7-9 of gestation. FD*C Red No. 2 was also given at the same dose level via water bottle. Appropriate controls were utilized. FDA used Osborne-Mendel strain rats, IBT used Charles River strain also showed an increase in the same parameter for the same dose level and in addition showed a significant increase in the percentage of resorptions per litter. It was concluded that because of the inherent variation and the absence of an increase in abnormalities or other indications of embryotoxicity, there is reason to doubt that this effect is either biologically significant or reproducible. PMID- 58069 TI - Report of the second meeting of the IUNS committee V/II. Nutrition education in nursing. PMID- 58070 TI - Membranes as observed in frozen sections. PMID- 58071 TI - Endogenous ecotropic mouse type C viruses deficient in replication and production of XC plaques. AB - Endogenous ecotropic type C viruses were induced by iodedeoxyuridine from nontransformed and chemically or spontaneously transformed clones of the C3H/10T1/2 cell line. Viruses produced by cells of certain transformed clones were N-tropic and formed large XC plaques. In contrast, viruses produced by nontransformed C3H/10T1/2 cells were not detectable in the XC plaque test. These XC- viruses infected mouse cells with high efficiency, as shown by the induction of murine leukemia virus group-specific antigens in infected cells, but virus production, as determined by DNA polymerase-containing particles, was extremely low. Upon growth in certain mouse cells these replication-deficient, XC(-) viruses converted to type C viruses that were similar in XC assays to N-tropic AKR virus (XC+). PMID- 58072 TI - Further characterization of the Friend murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase-RNase H complex. AB - The purified reverse transcriptase-RNase H complex from Friend murine leukemia virus consists of a single polypeptide of 84,000 molecular weight, which after mild protease treatment in vitro or after intentional degradation during the purification procedure allows the generation of several additional polypeptides. Degradation destroys the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity with native RNA templates and reduces RNase H but does not affect response to synthetic template primers such as poly (rA)-Oligo (dT). The properties of the intact murine enzyme consisting of a single polypeptide of 84,000 molecular weight are compared to those of the avian alpha subunit and the avian alpha beta enzyme complex. The intact murine enzyme resembles the avian beta-containing enzyme complex and is different from alpha in the following respects: (i) it binds to native RNA templates; (ii) it transcribes native RNA templates into DNA, a reaction which can be inhibited by actinomycin D; (iii) RNase H activity behaves like a processive exonuclease; and (iv) analysis of the RNase H digestion products reveals oligonucleotides approximately four bases in length. PMID- 58073 TI - Inhibition of infectious Rous sarcoma virus production by rifamycin derivative. AB - A new rifamycin derivative, rifazone-82 (R-82), an inhibitor of viral RNA dependent DNA polymerase, is selectively toxic to transformed chicken cells in culture. R-82 has now been shown to possess antiviral activity as well. The relatively nontoxic properties of R-82 to nontransformed cells have permitted the execution of experiments examining the effect of a rifamycin derivative on virus reproduction. Addition of low concentrations of R-82 (15 mug/ml) to cultures soon after Rous sarcoma virus infection prevents the spread of infection thoroughout the culture. This inhibition is not dependent on concomitant cellular transformation as identical results were obtained with cells infected with a transformation-defective Rous sarcoma virus. Addition of R-82 to cultures in which all the cells are infected does not substantially affect the yield of physical particles as measured by RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity and by (3H) uridine incorporation into viral RNA. However, the infectivity of the progeny virus, as measured by focus-forming ability, is decrreased 95 to 99% by R 82 treatment. PMID- 58074 TI - Unintegrated viral DNA is synthesized in the cytoplasm of avian sarcoma virus transformed duck cells by viral DNA polymerase. AB - We have examined the location, structure, and mechanism of synthesis of unintegrated viral DNA present in fully transformed cultures of avian sarcoma virus-infected duck cells. De novo synthesis of the unintegrated forms several weeks after the initial infection was documented by labeling unintegrated DNA in both strands with 5-bromodeoxyuridine. The unintegrated DNA is synthesized in, and probably confined to, the cytoplasm, and it consists of duplexes of short "plus" strands (ca. 0.5 X 10(6) to 1.0 X 10(6) daltons) and "minus" strands the length of a subunit of the viral genome (ca. 2.5 X 10(6) to 3.0 X 10(6) daltons). The structure of the duplex and the mode of incorporation of density label support the hypothesis that the unintegrated DNA is synthesized from an RNA templated by virus-coded DNA polymerase. PMID- 58075 TI - Low-molecular- weight Rauscher leukemia virus protein with preferential binding for single-stranded RNA and DNA. AB - A sensitive nitrocellulose filter assay that measures the retention of 125I single-stranded calf thymus DNA has been used to detect and purify DNA-binding proteins that retain a biological function from Rauscher murine leukemia virus. By consecutive purification on oligo (dT)- cellulose and DEAE-Bio-Gel columns and centrifugation in 10 to 30% glycerol gradients, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase has been separated from a second virion DNA-binding protein. The binding of this protein to DNA was strongly affected by NaCl concentration but showed little change in activity over a wide range of temperature or pH. After glycerol gradient purification, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of this protein showed one major band with a molecular weight of approximately 9,800. This protein binds about as well as to single-stranded Escherichia coli or calf thymus DNA or 70S type C viral RNA. The binding to 125I single-stranded calf thymus DNA is very efficiently inhibited by unlabeled single-stranded DNA from either E. coli or calf thymus and by 70S murine or feline viral RNA. Much larger amounts of double stranded DNA are required to produce an equivalent percentage of inhibition. This protein, therefore, shows preferential binding to single-stranded DNA or viral RNA. PMID- 58076 TI - Intracisternal A particles from FLOPC-1 BALB/c myeloma: presence of high molecular-weight RNA and RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. AB - Intracisternal A particles from the FLOPC-1 line of BALB/c myeloma have been shown to contain high-molecular-weight RNA (60 to 70S) that is sensitive to RNase, alkali degradation, and heat but resistant to Pronase treatment. The intracisternal A-particle RNA contains tract of poly (A) approximately 180 nucleotides long. As shown in a reconstitution experiment, by antigenic analysis of A-particle preparation and the SC cytopathogenicity assay, the 70S RNA was not due to contamination by type C virus particles. The FLOPC-1 intracisternal A particles also possess an endogenous RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. The enzyme required Mn2+ or Mg2+, dithiothreitol, detergent, and four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates for maximum activity. Enzymatic activity was maximally stimuated by poly (rC)-oligo (dG)12-18 and less with poly (rG)-oligo (dC)10 or poly (rA)-oligo (dT)12-18 as compare with synthetic DNA/DNA duplex templates such as poly (dA) oligo (dT)12-18. The enzyme can utilize the A-particle endogenous RNA as template as shown by analysis of the early and late DNA products of the endogenous reaction by CsSO4 isopycnic gradient centrifuation and hybridization of purified 70S or 35S A-particle RNA with the purified complementary DNA product. Approximately 50% of the A-particle complementary DNA also hybridized with oncornavirus RNA. PMID- 58078 TI - Characterization of the oncornavirus particles in the plasma of guinea pigs with L2C leukemia. AB - The inoculation of L2C guinea pig leukemia cells into strain 2 guinea pigs results in the death of the animals within 12 to 15 days. Death is preceded by the simultaneous appearance in the plasma of (i) elevated leukocyte levels, (ii) extracellular virus particles, and (iii) a particle-associated RNA-directed DNA polymerase. This enzyme activity has a cation preference identical to that of the type B bromodeoxyuridine-induced guinea pig virus, i.e., an Mg2+ optimum at 20 mM and no activity using Mn2+. Competitive molecular hybridization studies also revealed that the plasma of leukemic guinea pigs contained approximately 2 X 10(9) genome equivalents per ml of an RNA that is homologous to the RNA of the bromodeoxyuridine-induced guinea pig virus. Morphological observations indicate that most, but not all, of the extracellular particles observed in leukemia plasma are derived from the intracisternal particles seen in the L2C tumor cells. The possibilities that either two viral populations are present or that the in vivo morphogenesis of the type B bromodexoyuridine-inducible guinea pig virus is markedly different from its in vitro morphogenesis are discussed. PMID- 58077 TI - Spontaneous release of endogenous ecotropic type C virus from rat embryo cultures. AB - Type C viruses were isolated from embryo cultures of two different rat strains, Sprague-Dawley and Fischer. Both viruses (termed rat leukemia virus, RaLV) were released spontaneously from rat embryo cells, have a density of 1.14 to 1.15 g/cm(3) based on equilibrium sedimentation in sucrose gradients, contain 60-70S RNA, RNA-directed DNA polymerase, and rat type C virus-specific 30,000 molecular weight-protein determinants. Molecular hybridization studies using the Sprague Dawley RaLV 60-70S RNA show that the virus-specific nucleotide sequences are present in the DNA of rat embryos. Both Sprague-Dawley and Fischer RaLV can rescue the murine sarcoma virus genome from Kirsten murine sarcoma virus transformed nonproducer cells and are neutralized by antisera to the RPL strain of RaLV. In contrast to previous RaLV's, these viruses propagate in their own cells of origin as well as in cells of heterologous rat strains. PMID- 58079 TI - Intracellular restriction on the growth of induced subgroup E avian type C viruses in chicken cells. AB - Subgroup E avian type C viruses produced by bromodeoxyuridine-treated 100 X 7, line 7, or line C chicken cells were restricted in their intracellular growth on K28 chicken cells but not on line 15 chicken cells. Cells from embryos of line 15 chickens bred with K28 chickens did not restrict the growth of the subgroup E induced leukosis viruses (ILVs). This result indicates that the phenotype for the intracellular restriction of the growth of subgroup E ILVs found in K28 cells is recessive. Long-term growth of the subgroup E ILVs in K28 cells resulted in the appearance of subgroup E virus that grew well on K28 cells. No change in growth characteristics was observed for subgroup E ILVs grown in line 15 cells indicating that appearance of nonrestricted virus occurred only during growth of the subgrouo E ILVs on a restrictive host. RAV-0, a subgroup E virus closely related to the ilvs, had the same growth characteristics as the subgroup E ILVs. RAV-60, a subgroup E virus formed by recombination of exogenous avian leukosis virus with endogenous subgroup E virus coat information, grew well on both line 15 and K28 cells. PMID- 58080 TI - Mechanism of release of active alpha subunit from dimeric alpha beta avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase. AB - Storage of the dimeric (alphabeta) form of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) DNA polymerase in glycerol resulted in the release of the smaller alpha subunit, as detected by glycerol gradient sedimentation. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of enzyme stored in glycerol showed the concomitant appearance of several polypeptides and a lowering in the level of both beta and alpha components. This reduction appears to be the result of cleavages introduced by traces of hydrolytic activity present in glycerol samples. An enhancement of alpha subunit released, as detected by activity profile, was also achieved upon direct but limited exposure of purified avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase to carboxymethyl-cellulose-bound trypsin matrix. Electrophoretic analysis of digested enzyme revealed a progressive fragmentation, with simultaneous increase in the alpha subunit and decrease in the beta subunit. PMID- 58081 TI - Radiommunoassays for the 70,000-molecular-weight glycoproteins of endogenous mouse type C viruses: viral antigen expression in normal mouse tissues and sera. AB - Genetic information coding for type C RNA viruses is transmitted within the DNA of mouse cells. At least three endogenous viruses have so far been immunologically distinguished by radioimmunoassays for their 12,000-molecular weight polypeptides (p12). In the present study, the 70,000-molecular-weight glycoproteins (gp70) of three prototype viruses were purified, and competition radioimmunoassays were developed for each. By use of these immunoassays, the antigenic determinants of gp70's of different classes of endogenous virus, isolated from the same and from a variety of other mouse strains, were readily discriminated. In contrast, viruses of the same class were indistinguishable. These findings further document the existence of three distinct endogenous viruses of mouse cell. The levels of type C viral gp70 were quantitated in tissues and sera of several inbred strains. The pattern of immunological reactivity of the gp70 detected in serum was indistinguishable from that of the viral gp70 partially purified from tissues of the same strain. Moreover, in each case it was indistinguishable from that of a specific class of endogenous virus. In virus-negative tissues of BALB/c and NIH Swiss mice, the viral gp70 detected was shown to be representative of a class III endogenous virus whose p12 polypeptide was also expressed by the same cells. PMID- 58082 TI - Detrusor hyperreflexia in benign infravesical obstruction. a cystometic study. AB - Cystometry was performed on 94 consecutive patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy or bladder neck obstruction, 45 per cent of whom had detrusor hyperreflexia. Of those cases with detrusor hyperreflexia 21 patients were re examined 6 months postoperatively and 62 per cent of them had regained normal bladder function. The underlying pathophysiologyand the clinical aspects are discussed. PMID- 58083 TI - Letter: Whipple disease. PMID- 58084 TI - Immunological: reactions involving leukocytes: III. Agranulocytosis induced by antithyroid drugs. AB - A method has previously been described which detected xenogeneic and allogeneic antibodies to human granulocytes by their inhibition of the normal phagocytosis associated hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) activity. This method was used to study three patients with acute agranulocytosis secondary to antithyroid drug administration. Two patients with methimazole and one patient with propylthiouracil induced agranulocytosis were studied. Serum samples from each of these three patients taken during the acute phase of agranulocytosis had inhibitory effects on phagocytosis-associated HMS activity in leukocytes from both normal donors and the patients after their full recovery from agranulocytosis. IgM but not IgG prepared from acute sera in two patients was also inhibitory. Disruption of IgM disulfide bonds by dithiothreitol destroyed its inhibitory activity. The possibility of drug-dependent immune destruction of leukocytes in these patients is discussed. PMID- 58085 TI - [Urgent problems of treatment of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis in children]. PMID- 58086 TI - [Recent details of the frequency and immunologic reactivity of sympathetic ophthalmia (author's transl)]. AB - When giving details of the frequency of Sympathetic Ophthalmia a clear distinction must be made between this disorder and the Phacogenic Ophthalmia also affecting the second eye. The latter is found with lens damage, whereas genuine Sympathetic Ophthalmia in relation to enucleation, eye damage and eye opening surgery at Heidelberg University between 1937 and 1973 is less than 1%, a figure markedly below figures quoted in the earlier literature. In two out of three patients with recent genuine Sympathetic Ophthalmia we found an augmented stimulation index in the LTT with retina antigen, not choroid antigen, as compared to control groups. This can be regarded as due to an individually augmented immunologic reactivity towards eye specific tissue antigens. PMID- 58087 TI - [Alpha-fetoprotein and cystic fibrosis (author's transl)]. AB - Recently significantly raised serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were demonstrated in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and in their parents and some siblings; thereupon the determination of AFP was recommended for detecting heterozygote carriers of the CF-gene. These results could not be confirmed by our own investigations also using a radioimmunassay. PMID- 58088 TI - [Immunoglobulins and their pathology]. PMID- 58089 TI - [Bleomycin in complex treatment of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 58090 TI - [Sensitivity of dysentery bacteria to furazolidone and phthalazol according to the materials of medical epidemiological station of Odessa-Kishinev railroad]. PMID- 58091 TI - [Comparative study of different methods of determination of mycobacterial niacin]. PMID- 58093 TI - [Clinical importance of fluorescence-microscopic studies of Mycobacteria tuberculosis. 2. Reliability of fluorescence microscopy]. PMID- 58092 TI - [Evaluation of different methods of urinalysis for detection of Mycobacteria tuberculosis on different media. 1]. PMID- 58094 TI - [Comparative analysis of medical biochemical autoanalyzers]. PMID- 58095 TI - [Table compartments for parasitological studies]. PMID- 58096 TI - [Determination of leukopoietic and leukocyte-inhibiting properties of blood serum as an additional method of diagnosis of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 58097 TI - [Bile color reaction using the D. I. Filko method in healthy children under 1 year of age]. PMID- 58098 TI - [Dry erythrocytic lipopolysaccharide diagnostic agent for pseudotuberculosis]. PMID- 58099 TI - [Device for direct densitometry of gels in IFO-451 microphotometer]. PMID- 58100 TI - [Current tasks of improvement of laboratory clinico-diagnostic service in the 10th five-year plan]. PMID- 58101 TI - [Radiometric method of evaluation of lymphocyte blast transformation in the culture with phytohemagglutinin]. PMID- 58102 TI - [Dynamics of the change in mitotic activity and labeled cell index in diploid embryonic strains of fibroblast-like human cells]. PMID- 58103 TI - [Cytochemical indicators of peripheral blood and bone marrow of healthy children in Siberia]. PMID- 58104 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the results of microscopic and biochemical examination of bile in chronic cholecystitis]. PMID- 58105 TI - [Atomic-absorption spectrophotometer for the study of biological samples]. PMID- 58106 TI - [Method of determination of bound and free serotonin in different biological media]. PMID- 58107 TI - [Determination of 5-oxyindoleacetic acid in urine by fluorometry]. PMID- 58108 TI - [Use of cathionite Q-2 instead of Dauex-50 as a method of determination of delta aminolevulinic acid in urine]. PMID- 58109 TI - [Electrophoretic determination of blood adenylic system of donors]. PMID- 58110 TI - [Determination of the activity of cycl AMP phosphodiesterase]. PMID- 58111 TI - [Microbiological methods of analysis and microbial flora of urine in gestational pyelonephritis]. PMID- 58112 TI - [Method of study of functional activity of chromosomes of human bone marrow cells]. PMID- 58113 TI - [Mitotic activity of the bone marrow cells of healthy persons]. PMID- 58114 TI - [Proliferation of blast cells of the bone marrow in adults with acute leukemia]. PMID- 58115 TI - [Study of blast cell kinetics in acute leukemia by the method of impulse cytophotometry]. PMID- 58116 TI - [Content of Schick-positive substances in the cells of cervix tumors]. PMID- 58117 TI - [Cytological diagnosis of malignant tumors of the liver in children]. PMID- 58118 TI - [Determination of the activity of tissue proteases by the interferometric method]. PMID- 58119 TI - [Colorimetric method of determination of the activity of blood serum monoamine oxidase]. PMID- 58120 TI - [Evaluation of different methods of measurement of the level of diastase in urine for determination of the degree of inflammatory changes in the pancreas]. PMID- 58121 TI - [Clinical approbation of the colorimetric micromethod of determination of creatine kinase activity in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 58122 TI - [Determination of catalase activity in the erythrocytes and blood serum by the iodometric method]. PMID- 58123 TI - [Modification of the method of electrophoretic separation of glycosaminoglycans on cellulose acetate membranes]. PMID- 58124 TI - [Use of the reaction of complement consumption for detection of antibrain autoantibodies]. PMID- 58125 TI - [Method of preparation of immunosorbent with fixed antibodies on the basis of polyacrylamide gel]. PMID- 58126 TI - [Method of specific injury of basophils in vitro in allergy to chemical compounds]. PMID- 58128 TI - [Method of differentiation of B-lymphocytes from the cells adsorbing immunoglobulins on their surface]. PMID- 58127 TI - [Indirect hemagglutination inhibition test and indications for its use for the measurement of immunoglobulin concentration in biological fluids]. PMID- 58129 TI - [Use of certain serum-free media for cultivation of meningococci]. PMID- 58130 TI - [Use of synthetic nutrient media with furagin for the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 58131 TI - [Carbon agglomeration reaction as a method of identification of meningococci]. PMID- 58132 TI - [Quantitative determination of blood serum immunoglobulins by the method of radial immunodiffusion]. PMID- 58133 TI - [Apparatus for preparation of electrophoretic blocks from agar gel]. PMID- 58134 TI - [Rationalization of documentation in large clinico-diagnostic laboratories]. PMID- 58135 TI - [Evaluation of the work of clinico-diagnostic laboratories]. PMID- 58136 TI - Letter: Cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor AY9944. PMID- 58137 TI - The technology for using the classroom as an emotional health center. PMID- 58138 TI - [Future of cancer therapy]. PMID- 58139 TI - [Letter: Lindane--a reply]. PMID- 58140 TI - [Letter: Misinterpretations in the lindane problem]. PMID- 58141 TI - [Current status of thyroid function diagnosis]. PMID- 58142 TI - [Homeless men--a sociopsychiatric and clinical study]. PMID- 58144 TI - Cold and warm antibodies and graft survival in kidney allograft recipients. AB - Serial serum samples from 35 renal allograft recipients were screened for cold and warm cytotoxic antibodies using a two-stage microlymphocytotoxicity test with three incubation temperatures. Both cold and warm antibodies were reactive at 22 degrees C. The critical temperatures which distinguished the two classes of antibodies were 15 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Cold antibodies were detected in sera from 15 patients, 10 patients had warm antibodies, and the remaining 10 had a mixture of cold and warm antibodies. All the patients were cytotoxin-positive after transplantation, although not all had preformed lymphocytotoxins. At one year 14 of the patients with cold autoantibodies had functioning grafts, but only 3 of the 10 patients with warm antibodies had kidneys functioning. This difference was statistically highly significant. There was no difference in graft survival among patients with warm antibodies and those with a mixture of cold and warm antibodies. PMID- 58143 TI - Prolongation of postoperative disease-free interval and survival in human colorectal cancer by B.C.G. or B.C.G. plus 5-fluorouracil. AB - 83 patients with colorectal carcinoma of the Dukes' C class were randomised to receive postoperative adjuvant therapy with B.C.G. alone or in combination with oral doses of 5-fluorouracil (5-F.U.), and have been followed for up to thirty months. Results were compared with carefully selected historical controls who were treated by surgery alone. A statistically significant prolongation of both disease-free interval and overall survival was observed in 50 patients receiving the combination of B.C.G. and 5-F.U. (P=0.03, P=0.01 respectively) as well as in 33 patients receiving B.C.G. alone (P=0.03, P=0.05 respectively). The efficacy of B.C.G.+5-F.U. was independent of the number of tumour-involved lymph-nodes in the surgical specimen. In contrast, B.C.G. given alone appears to be highly effective among 10 patients with 6 or more positive lymph-nodes (P less than 0.04) and ineffective (as yet) among 23 patients with 5 or less positive lymph-nodes. These results suggest that adjuvant immunotherapy, with or without chemotherapy, can improve the prognosis of surgically treated patients with colorectal carcinoma of the Dukes' C class. PMID- 58145 TI - Acute platelet changes after large meals of saturated and unsaturated fats. AB - Large amounts of saturated fats (S.F.) or unsaturated fats (U.S.F.) were given to healthy volunteers at a single meal. The heparin thrombin clotting-time, which may measure platelet factor 4 released from platelets into the plasma, was shortened after S.F. and prolonged after U.S.F. The antithrombin clotting activity decreased after S.F. and increased after U.S.F. The platelet-count decreased and the platelet volume increased after both S.F. and U.S.F. PMID- 58146 TI - Reimplantation of a human embryo with subsequent tubal pregnancy. AB - A human embryo in transition between a morula and blastocyst after culture in vitro was reintroduced into the mother's uterus via the cervix. The resulting pregnancy was closely monitored and was found to be located in the oviduct. The ectopic embryo was removed at 13 weeks gestation. PMID- 58147 TI - Perception of asthma. AB - Subjective assessment and objective measurements of airways obstruction were compared in 82 patients during methacholine-induced asthma. 15% of the patients were unable to sense the presence of marked airways obstruction (forced expired volume in 1 s less than 50% of the predicted normal value). These subjects could not be characterised as a distinct group on the basis of their sex, age, or duration of their asthma. This reinforces the need for objective measurement of lung function in the management of asthma. PMID- 58148 TI - A fatal motor-car accident and cannabis use. Investigation by radioimmunoassay. AB - Impairment of driving skills by drugs is an important cause of traffic accidents. Alcohol is the most important, though far from the only, drug involved; and of 684 fatal accidents investigated by Woodhouse, 321 (47%) of the drivers had blood alcohol levels greater than 100 mg/100 ml at the time of death. In 16 it exceeded 400 mg/100 ml. Unlike alcohol, cannabis has received little attention as a possible cause of traffic accidents, largely owing to the difficulty of proving cannabis use objectively. The recent development of a reliable and relatively simple method for detecting and measuring cannabis products in blood and urine may help to overcome this difficulty. As Milner has pointed out, the full effect of alcohol on driving competence was not appreciated until objective methods of measuring blood-alcohol levels became generally available. The same may be true of cannabis. PMID- 58149 TI - Cancer of the uterine corpus after hormonal treatment for breast cancer. AB - Among 45853 women in whom breast cancer was diagnosed after age forty-nine, from the series of the End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute, cancer of the uterine corpus subsequently developed in 203. The risk was greater among those women receiving hormones than in other treatment groups, and tended to rise with increasing interval from first treatment. One method of estimating an expected value indicated that the excess risk of corpus cancer in breast-cancer patients was restricted to those treated with hormones. Given the time period under study, it may be assumed that the hormones were primarily non-steroidal oestrogens. PMID- 58150 TI - Colonic involvement in salmonellosis. AB - Although small intestine is generally regarded as the principal site involved in human salmonella infection of food-poisoning type, the pathophysiology of salmonella diarrhoea remains obscure. A sigmoidoscopic and biopsy study of 23 hospital inpatients with acute salmonella infection revealed presence of active colitis in 21. It is suggested that colonic involvement is common in human salmonellosis and probably plays an important role in the causation of diarrhoea. PMID- 58151 TI - Release of motilin after duodenal acidification. AB - The physiological stimulus leading to motilin release in man has not yet been determined. Six healthy volunteers had 3-minute intraduodenal infusions of acid, alkali, or saline solutions. After infusing acid, plasma-motilin rose by 90% at 4 min and was still significantly raised at 45 min, whereas there was an insignificant fall in plasma-motilin after alkali and no change after saline solution. Release of motilin after duodenal acidification may be an important factor in inhibiting gastric emptying. PMID- 58152 TI - Dietary iodine and risk of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. AB - Geographic differences in the rates of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer appear to be inversely correlated with dietary iodine intake. Endocrinological considerations suggest that a low dietary iodine intake may produce a state of increased effective gonadotrophin stimulation, which in turn may produce a hyperoestrogenic state characterised by relatively high production of oestrone and oestradiol and a relatively low oestriol to oestrone plus oestradiol ratio. This altered endocrine state may increase the risk of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. Increasing dietary iodine intake may reduce the risk of these cancers. PMID- 58153 TI - Editorial: Gene cloning: one milestone on a very long road. PMID- 58154 TI - Editorial:IgE, parasites, and allergy. PMID- 58155 TI - Editorial:IgE, parasites, and allergy. PMID- 58156 TI - Editorial:A.D.A. deficiency. PMID- 58157 TI - Editorial:Ear-drops. PMID- 58158 TI - Editorial: Headache and blood-pressure. PMID- 58159 TI - Editorial:M.E.M. and MOD-M.E.M. PMID- 58160 TI - Editorial: Pay-beds and waiting-lists. PMID- 58161 TI - Evaluation of quality of life in patients receiving treatment for advanced breast cancer. AB - Linear analogue self-assessment was used to measure the subjective effects of treatment in women with advanced breast cancer. The results show that this technique may be used to monitor the subjective benefit of treatment and to compare the subjective toxicities of different therapeutic regimens. The results also suggest that the subjective toxicity of cytotoxic therapy is not related to the patient's age and diminishes with successive courses of drugs. PMID- 58163 TI - Letter: Human carcinogenesis. PMID- 58162 TI - Endoscopy and routine and double-contrast barium meal in diagnosis of gastric and duodenal disorders. AB - A double-contrast barium meal has been carried out on 37 patients in whom there had been disagreement in diagnosis between the routine barium meal and subsequent oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy. There was an 81% agreement between the endoscopic diagnosis and the diagnosis obtained with double-contrast barium meal. Confirmation of the endoscopic and double-contrast radiological diagnosis was obtained all 11 patients who had surgical treatment. These findings suggest that a double-contrast barium meal should be routinely used in the diagnosis of dyspepsia. PMID- 58164 TI - Letter: Obstetric Delivery Today. PMID- 58165 TI - Letter: E.M.I. and radioisotope brain imaging. PMID- 58166 TI - Letter:Red-cell deformability. PMID- 58167 TI - Letter: 5-F.U. or D. N.C.B. for non-clinical vaginal cancer. PMID- 58168 TI - Letter: Patient-controlled intravenous narcotic administration during labour. PMID- 58169 TI - Letter: Bowel distension during treatment of premature labour with beta-receptor agonists. PMID- 58170 TI - Letter: Cartilage ulceration and shear fatigue failure. PMID- 58171 TI - Letter: Osteoarthrosis: Uncertain rationale for anti-inflammatory drug therapy. PMID- 58172 TI - Letter: K cells and the liver. PMID- 58173 TI - Letter: Kass's criterion for U.T.I. PMID- 58174 TI - Letter: Collective and capricious toxicity of drugs. PMID- 58175 TI - Letter: Povidone-iodine and the kidney. PMID- 58176 TI - Letter: Warfarin and fetal abnormality. PMID- 58177 TI - Letter: Peripheral neuropathy associated with citrated calcium carbimide. PMID- 58178 TI - Letter: Phenprocoumon-induced jaundice. PMID- 58179 TI - Letter: Prevention of coronary heart-disease. PMID- 58180 TI - Dopamine and inhibition of prolactin and growth-hormone secretion. PMID- 58181 TI - Letter: Flu in Beckenham 1976. PMID- 58182 TI - Letter: Psychiatric screening in general practice. PMID- 58183 TI - Letter: Do tricyclic antidepressants work? PMID- 58184 TI - Letter: Zinc and acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 58186 TI - Letter: Paracrine. PMID- 58185 TI - Letter: Biochemical treatment of cholera. PMID- 58187 TI - Letter: IgM receptors on cells in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 58188 TI - Letter: Surface filaments on cancer cells. PMID- 58189 TI - Letter: Percutaneous biopsy. PMID- 58190 TI - Letter: Frusemide, bumetanide, and ototoxicity. PMID- 58191 TI - Letter: Garlic oil in experimental atherosclerosis. PMID- 58192 TI - Letter: Neonatal jaundice and erythrocyte-acid-phosphatase phenotype. PMID- 58193 TI - Letter: Mixed-lymphocyte culture reactivity of neonatal lymphocytes. PMID- 58194 TI - Letter: Developmental mixoploidy and trisomy-20 syndrome. PMID- 58195 TI - Letter: Plasma-zinc in sickle-cell anaemia. PMID- 58196 TI - Florid and subclinical rickets among immigrant children in Glasgow. AB - 200 Asian 300 African, Chinese, or Scottish children were examined for clinical, biochemical, and radiological evidence of vitamin-D deficiency. Among the Asians there were 10 with florid rickets and 15 with subclinical rickets. Among the African, Chinese, and Scottish children there were no cases of florid rickets and only 7 cases of subclinical rickets (3 African, 3 Chinese, and 1 Scottish). Loss of metaphyseal definition is considered to be the radiological pattern of minimal active rickets and metaphyseal bands to represent the healing stage. Serum 25 hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations were low in clinical and subclinical minimal active rickets although there was some overlap with the wide range found in the "normal" group. Elevated serum-alkaline-phosphatase levels alone should not be regarded as indicating vitamin-D deficiency. The continuing prevalence of rickets in Asian children and in particular among schoolchildren warrants immediate action, which is long overdue. PMID- 58197 TI - Prevention of vitamin-D deficiency in Asians. AB - Asian families living in Glasgow were studied between December, 1973, and June, 1974. One group of families served as a control; their mean serum-25-hydroxy vitamin-D (25-hydroxy-cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxyergocalciferol) remained low, being 5-1 +/- 0-8 (S.E.M.) ng/ml at the end of the study. A second group was given 3000 units of vitamin D2 in a capsule weekly; this raised the mean concentration of 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D to 18-1 +/- 2-9 ng/ml. The variable effectiveness of this supplement was attributable to some subjects not taking the capsules regularly. The third group of families was provided with chupatty flour fortified with vitamin D(6000 units per kg). This increased mean serum-25-hydroxy vitamin-D very uniformly to a mean value of 19-5 +/- 1-2 ng/ml. It is concluded that vitamin-D deficiency in Asian immigrants could be substantially reduced by fortification of chupatty flour with vitamin D. PMID- 58198 TI - Double-blind clinical trial of anaesthetic premedication for use in major day surgery. AB - Three anaesthetic premedication regimens have been compared by double-blind controlled trial in 158 patients undergoing day-case surgery for varicose veins or hernia. Atropine plus droperidol was superior to atropine plus diazepam or atropine alone in lessening nausea and vomiting and in reducing the need for postoperative analgesia. PMID- 58199 TI - Efficacy of low-dose heparin in prevention of extensive deep-vein thrombosis in patients undergoing total-hip replacement. AB - In a prospective trial, the prophylactic efficacy of low-dose heparin was investigated in 84 consecutive patients undergoing total-hip replacement. 52 of these were randomly allocated to receive heparin or a combination of heparin and dihydroergotamine (D.H.E.); the remaining 32 patients, who were operated on by one orthopaedic team and did not receive prophylaxis, acted as a control group. The frequency of deep-vein thrombosis (D.V.T.), determined by the 125I-fibrinogen test and venography, was 69% in the control group, 32% in the patients receiving heparin alone, and 16% in those receiving heparin and D.H.E. The difference between the control group and each group receiving prophylaxis was statistically significant. The frequency of femoral-vein thrombi, demonstrated by venography, was analysed separately because of its frequent association with major pulmonary embolism. Femoral-vein thrombi developed in 17 (53%) in the control group, while they developed in only 4 patients (8%) in the prophylaxis group (P less than 0.01). 1 patient in the control group died due to massive pulmonary embolism; in another patient, again in the control group, clinical features suggestive of major non-fatal pulmonary embolism developed. This complication was not observed in patients receiving prophylaxis. There was no difference in the amount of operative or postoperative blood-loss in the three groups. In 3 patients in the entire series wound haematomata developed; all 3 were controls and haematomata developed after the administration of streptokinase or large doses of heparin for the treatment of extensive femoral-vein thrombi. By use of a sensitive assay, heparin could be detected in the plasma in 67% of samples in patients in whom D.V.T. did not develop. In contrast, in those patients in whom D.V.T. developed, heparin could be detected in only 21% of blood-samples (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that in patients undergoing total-hip replacement, low-dose heparin prophylaxis is effective in reducing the frequency of life-threatening extensive thrombi in the femoral vein. Prophylaxis using a combination of heparin and D.H.E. requires further evaluation. PMID- 58200 TI - Bromocriptine treatment of secondary amenorrhoea. AB - Bromocriptine 2-5 mg twice daily is effective in the treatment of both normoprolactinaemic and hyperprolactinaemic secondary amenorrhoea. This was demonstrated by the restoration of menstrual cycle and/or ovulation in 9 of 18 normoprolactinaemic and in 8 of 14 hyperprolactinaemic patients taking bromocriptine. Serum-prolactin level decreased in both groups of patients, and usually menstruation was recovered within 8 weeks'treatment. Galactorrhoea disappeared in 7 of 9 hyperprolactinaemic patients, and 2 became pregnant. After treatment had ceased spontaneous menstrual activity continued in 4 patients. 16 patients had side-effects the commonest being nausea and vertigo. These usually disappeared with the dosage was reduced, but 5 patients refused to continue. These results point to a new approach in the treatment of secondary amenorrhoea, even in those patients whose clinical findings give no indication of prolactin suppression. PMID- 58201 TI - Copper incorporation studies on cultured cells for prenatal diagnosis of Menkes' disease. AB - The incorporation of 64Cu into cultured fibroblasts from 7 boys with Menkes' steely hair disease and from 9 controls was examined. The median 20 h incorporation was 74-4 ng 64Cu/mg protein for the patients and 26-1 ng 64Cu/mg protein for the controls (P less than 0.01). Thus, the defect in copper metabolism in the disease was expressed in cultured cells. The method was applied to amniotic fluid cell-cultures of 2 pregnancies at risk and to amniotic fluid cell-cultures with a male karyotype of 8 normal pregnancies. The median 20h 64Cu incorporation into the normal cell-cultures was 19.2 ng 64Cu/mg protein, into the cell-culture from one pregnancy at risk was 48-6 ng 64Cu/mg protein, and from the other, 12-5 ng 64Cu/mg protein. The first case was aborted and the copper distribution in the fetus was found to be abnormal--consistent with Menkes' disease. The second case at risk was born in May, 1975, and no signs of Menkes' disease have developed. These cases demonstrate that prenatal diagnosis of Menkes' steely hair disease might be feasible. PMID- 58202 TI - Evidence for cell-mediated immunity to renal antigens in minimal-change nephrotic syndrome. AB - A direct lymphocytotoxicity test was used to investigate 12 patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and 12 patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis for cell-mediated immunity against an epithelial cell culture derived from human kidney. Lymphocytes from patients with minimal-change nephritis but not from those with proliferative disease had significantly greater lymphocytotoxicity against the cultures than did lymphocytes from normal controls. PMID- 58203 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte blastogenesis by plasma of patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome. AB - Plasma from 7 patients with minimal-change nephrotic syndrome (M.C.N.S.) (lipoid nephrosis) confirmed by renal biopsy inhibited the blastogenic response of lymphocytes to the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (P.H.A.) and to allogeneic lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte culture. Plasma from 14 patients with nephrotic syndrome due to other glomerular diseases did not have this effect. 5 of the 7 patients with M.C.N.S. achieved remission; 4 with prednisone and 1 spontaneously. While in remission, plasma from these 5 patients no longer inhibited the response of lymphocytes to P.H.A. These findings suggest a pathogenic relation between M.C.N.S. and cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 58204 TI - Metabolic inhibition of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in fulminant hepatic failure. AB - A high incidence of bacterial infections in patients with fulminant hepatic failure (F.H.F.) has led to an investigation of polymorpho-nuclear-leucocyte (P.M.N.) function. No intrinsic leucocyte abnormality was demonstrable but a factor present in F.H.F. serum was shown to inhibit the metabolic activity of the leucocyte hexose-monophosphate shunt. This effect was due neither to low serum complement nor to associated renal failure. The inhibitory factor, however, was removed either by pre-incubation with activated charcoal or by in-vitro dialysis, raising the possiblity that charcoal haemoperfusion or other forms of artificial liver support may improve P.M.N. function in this condition. PMID- 58205 TI - Mechanism for increased production of prostaglandins in labour. AB - It is proposed that uterine hypoxia, beginning initially with the uterine contractions in late pregnancy, leads to the increased formation of free fatty acids. The liberated fatty acids are then used to form prostaglandins and they can also act on mitochondria to release calcium. The released calcium can directly activate contractile proteins and/or can further stimulate phospholipase A (active at neutral pH) and thereby reinforce the progressive production of prostaglandins. PMID- 58206 TI - Editorial: Infective hazards of splenectomy. PMID- 58207 TI - Editorial: "To come again, 3 months". PMID- 58208 TI - Editorial: The silent majority. PMID- 58209 TI - Editorial: Pyogenic liver abscess--a continuing problem of management. PMID- 58210 TI - Editorial: Chronic Q fever or Q fever endocarditis? PMID- 58211 TI - Editorial: Beyond Oddi. PMID- 58213 TI - Letter: Bromocriptine and hypertension. PMID- 58212 TI - Death in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Can endoscopy reduce mortality? AB - In a retrospective analysis of 64 deaths from acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding in Edinburgh Royal Infirmary, 46 of the patients (72%) were found to have been over 60 years of age. Recurrent or continuous bledding occurred in 24 cases; after exclusion of deaths from sudden exsanguination (9) and from bleeding varices with subsequent hepatic failure (11), only 4 patients died from recurrent bleeding. Other causes of death were postoperative complications (20) and other severe concomitant disease (20). These results suggest that improved diagnostic techniques such as endoscopy may not significantly reduce the mortality from acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 58214 TI - Letter: Bromocriptine regimen for restoration of ovulatory function. PMID- 58215 TI - Letter: Rupture of uterine scar in a patient given epidural analgesia. PMID- 58216 TI - Letter: Infarction of fallopian tube after tubal diathermy. PMID- 58217 TI - Letter: HLA and sudden infant death. PMID- 58219 TI - Letter: A professor emigrates. PMID- 58218 TI - Letter: HLA and mycosis fungoides. PMID- 58220 TI - Letter: International units and standards. PMID- 58221 TI - Letter: Standardisation for renin assay. PMID- 58222 TI - Letter: Ultrasound and mammalian D.N.A. PMID- 58223 TI - Letter: Eggs and cholesterol. PMID- 58224 TI - Letter: Pregnancy-associated alpha2-glycoprotein and cancer. PMID- 58225 TI - Letter: Consultant's work load. PMID- 58226 TI - Letter: Mobility of medical manpower. PMID- 58227 TI - Letter: Financing the health service. PMID- 58228 TI - Letter: Urinary infections in general practice. PMID- 58229 TI - Letter: Chemotherapy after mastectomy. PMID- 58230 TI - Letter: How does blood-pressure cause stroke? PMID- 58231 TI - Letter: Glucose intolerance and diuretics. PMID- 58232 TI - Letter: When do gallstones matter? PMID- 58233 TI - Letter: Bone resorption by breast-cancer tissue. PMID- 58234 TI - Letter: Interferon in severe herpes simplex of cornea. PMID- 58235 TI - Letter: Insulin resistance during continuous insulin infusion. PMID- 58236 TI - Letter: Archive for research data. PMID- 58237 TI - Letter: Glomerular crescent cells. PMID- 58238 TI - Letter: Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in tracheal aspirate. PMID- 58239 TI - Letter: Tryptophan and allopurinol in the treatment of depression. PMID- 58240 TI - Letter: Three-dimensional shapes. PMID- 58241 TI - Letter: Angina and vegetarian diet. PMID- 58242 TI - Letter: Rectus-muscle spasm simulating perforated peptic ulcer. PMID- 58243 TI - Letter: Hydrocarbon exposure and chronic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 58244 TI - Letter: Laparoscopy in liver disease. PMID- 58245 TI - Letter: Cobalt intoxication in uraemic myocardiopathy? PMID- 58246 TI - Letter: Children's use of hearing -aids. PMID- 58247 TI - Letter: Delayed wound healing in jaundiced rats. PMID- 58248 TI - Letter: Erroneous adverse reaction reports. PMID- 58249 TI - Letter: Herpes labialis and multiple sclerosis. PMID- 58250 TI - Letter: Fatal Herxheimer reaction after pentamidine in Pneumocystis pneumonia. PMID- 58251 TI - Letter: Prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia. PMID- 58252 TI - Letter: Oral rehydration in rural India. PMID- 58253 TI - Obituary: Alan John Edwards. PMID- 58254 TI - Controlled oxygen therapy at 60% concentration. Why and how. AB - In a number of circumstances pulmonary function is so disturbed that inspired oxygen concentrations of about 60% are needed to combat arterial hypoxaemia. Rational therapy requires that the inspired concentration be controlled and not vary with the patient's breathing. An exploration of the interaction between gas flow, ventilation, breathing pattern, and mask volume shows that a mask of 300 ml volume supplied with a flow of 30 1/min (15 1 O2, 15 1 air) can meet the need. PMID- 58255 TI - Metabolic fate of administered 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in controls and in patients with hypoparathyroidism. AB - In four healthy controls and three patients with hypoparathyroidism serum-1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-D.H.C.C.) concentrations, after oral or intravenous administration, declined biphasically with a rapid-phase half-time of about 14 hours. Repeated oral doses of 1 mug 1,25-D.H.C.C. (2-4 nmol) produced serum concentrations well below the assayed normal range but were nevertheless effective in raising serum-calcium. It is suggested that orally administered 1,25 D.H.C.C. acts directly on the intestinal mucosal-cell nucleus to promote calcium absorption. 1,25-D.H.C.C. is more rapidly eliminated from the body than vitamin D, and it is predicted that any hypercalcaemia caused by 1,25-D.H.C.C. therapy should be of relatively short duration. PMID- 58256 TI - Relation of thyroid hormones to body-weight. AB - Serum-triiodothyronine is positively and significantly correlated with body weight. It is increased by overeating and reduced after weight-loss. No correlation has been found between serum-thyroxine and body-weight or changes in body-weight. PMID- 58257 TI - Evaluation of three thyroid-function screening tests for detecting neonatal hypothyroidism. AB - Three thyroid-function detection methods were evaluated concomitantly for possible application as routine screening tests for the early diagnosis of neonatal hypothyroidism. Dried capillary-blood thyroxine (T4) was measured on eluted filter-paper discs for 9734 3-5-day old neonates. Serum T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (T.S.H.) assays from cord blood were studied as alternative screening tests on 4911 and 3733 infants, respectively. To avoid false-negative results, neonatal blood-T4 and cord serum-T4 screening methods were followed up for the lower 10th and 6th percentile, respectively. This resulted in a false positive recall incidence greater than 92% owing to various additional factors which also influence T4 levels: thyroxine-binding-globulin deficiency, prematurity, and maternal drug ingestion. In marked contrast, cord T.S.H. as an initial screening test had a higher specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of primary hypothyroidism with the two affected cases, having values greater than 70 muU/ml (with only 0-24% of the screened population having values greater than 50 muU/ml). In order to avoid the impracticably high recallrate and false positive incidence resulting from an initial T4 screening test, and to reduce the estimated follow-up recall to less than 0-2% of the screened infant population, it is recommended that infants with low T4 be selected for a supplementary T.S.H. screening test. PMID- 58258 TI - Treatment of rosacea by metronidazole. AB - A double-blind trial in twenty-nine patients with rosacea showed that, after 6 weeks' treatment, metronidazole was therapeutically superior to a placebo (P less than 0-02). It was particularly effective against papules and pustules. The mode of action of metronidazole and other antibiotics in rosacea is not known. PMID- 58259 TI - A five-year follow-up of Lord's dilatation for haemorrhoids. AB - 100 consecutive patients treated by Lord's dilatation for haemorrhoids were followed up for a mean of 5-1 years. 2 patients could not be traced, and 1 had died. 75 patients were symptom-free or greatly improved. For 22 patients the treatment was unsatisfactory and 19 have since undergone haemorrhoidectomy. The outcomes at six months and five years were the same in 87%. The results of this follow-up study indicate that treatment of haemorrhoids by Lord's dilatation produces satisfactory long-lasting results in most patients. PMID- 58260 TI - Role of gluten, prednisone, and azathioprine in non-responsive coeliac disease. AB - A case of severe "non-responsive" coeliac disease has been shown to be sensitive to gluten whilst under prednisone therapy, but not without prednisone. This adds an additional dimension to the criteria for diagnosis of coeliac disease. Cases of non-responsive coeliac disease may require both prednisone and gluten exclusion to induce a remission. In this patient, azathioprine induced and sustained a remission when unacceptably high doses of prednisone had failed, and may prove to be a valuable immunosuppressive in non-responsive coeliac disease. PMID- 58261 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis and alpha-1-antitrypsin. AB - The genetic types of alpha1-antitrypsin (Pi types) were studied in 55 adults with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis and 56 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A comparison was made with control groups of 211 healthy adults and 512 schoolchildren. Pi types MZ and SZ were significantly more prevalent in adults with rheumatoid arthritis than in the control adults. There was no difference between the patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and the control children. Reduced concentrations of alpha1-antitrypsin, as associated with heterozygotes for the Z allele, may be a contributory factor to the development of rheumatoid arthritis or to the tissue destruction of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 58262 TI - Pathogenesis of essential hypertension. AB - It is proposed that essential hypertension is an exaggeration of the tendency for blood-pressure to rise with age, that it results from a repeated sequence in which a small rise in pressure, possibly resulting from an autonomic nervous overactivity, produces changes in the kidney which maintain the rise of pressure and become the basis for a further rise. PMID- 58263 TI - Mechanism of renal hypertension. AB - Renal hypertension of the two-kidney type is divided into three stages. In the first, hypertension results from the vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin II. This persists to some extent in the second phase but there is in addition a slow developing pressor effect, also resulting from angiotensin II and probably attributable to sodium. In the first two phases removal of the abnormal kidney corrects the hypertension. This fails in the third phase because changes in the opposite kidney maintain hypertension. Renin and angiotensin are probably not involved at this stage. PMID- 58264 TI - Editorial: Stimulating the ovaries. PMID- 58265 TI - Editorial: Any hope for the cut central axon? PMID- 58266 TI - Editorial: Psychotherapy vs behaviour therapy. PMID- 58267 TI - Editorial: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. PMID- 58268 TI - Editorial: A good breakfast. PMID- 58269 TI - A long-term controlled trial of screening for hypertension in general practice. AB - A controlled trial was undertaken to evaluate the practical consequences of screening in general practice. Of 2420 people aged 40-64 years examined in 1967 68, 191 (7.9%) had previously been told, at some time, that they had raised blood pressure, other than during pregnancy. However, only 77 (3-2%) had any record of current antihypertensive treatment. Screening resulted in a further 50 persons (2 1%) being newly diagnosed as hypertensive in 1967-68 and a further 9 in 1969-70. Antihypertensive treatment was given to 21 of these immediately following diagnosis, while the treatment was adjusted in 23 of those already known to be hypertensive. In 1972-73 the blood-pressures of the screening population were directly compared with the control group. No significant differences in the distributions of their blood-pressure levels were observed. Over 95% of the new hypertensives discovered by the screening process in the control group in 1972-73 had visited their general practitioners for some reason during the previous five years. This suggests that "case-finding" by general practitioners would be more cost-effective than setting up separate blood-pressure screening clinics. However, the results of this study indicate that we need to know more about how raised blood-pressure can be successfully controlled over a long time, before any mass screening programmes can be actively encouraged. PMID- 58270 TI - Parity of women contracting rubella in pregnancy. Implications with respect to rubella vaccination. AB - Data from the National Congenital Rubella Surveillance Programme showed that 44% of children with congenital rubella reported to the programme were born to primiparae. This high proportion is thought to be due to the fact that there was a two-fold increase in the rate of abortion for rubella in pregnancy for women with two or more children. This higher incidence of congenital rubella in firstborns emphasises the need for rubella vaccination prior to a woman's first pregnancy. PMID- 58271 TI - Letter: Pollution in our operating-theatres. PMID- 58272 TI - Letter: Haemodialysis encephalopathy: Possible role of phosphate depletion. PMID- 58273 TI - Letter: Aluminum and dialysis dementia. PMID- 58274 TI - Letter: False-positive immunofluorescence test for herpes simplex in tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 58275 TI - Letter: Variant forms of phenylketonuria. PMID- 58277 TI - Letter: Biochemical abnormalities in Leigh's disease. PMID- 58276 TI - Letter: Leigh's disease: A family study. PMID- 58279 TI - Letter: Hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal function in patients on chemotherapy. PMID- 58278 TI - Letter: 5-F.U. or D.N.C.B. for non-clinical vaginal and cervical cancer. PMID- 58281 TI - Letter: Do tricyclic antidepressants work? PMID- 58280 TI - Letter: Protection by pertussis vaccine. PMID- 58282 TI - Letter: Brain damage in jockeys. PMID- 58283 TI - Letter: Cystic fibrosis heterozygosity in pathogenesis of allergy. PMID- 58284 TI - Letter: Intravenous fat. PMID- 58286 TI - Letter: Role of calcium in cell necrosis in muscle disease. PMID- 58285 TI - Letter: Postoperative radiotherapy and breast cancer. PMID- 58287 TI - Letter: Alcohol and cancer. PMID- 58288 TI - Letter: Serum-IgA in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 58289 TI - Letter: Cold lymphocytotoxins and transplantation. PMID- 58290 TI - Letter: Therapeutic use of peritoneal cells. PMID- 58291 TI - Letter: Bacloffen in schizophrenia. PMID- 58292 TI - Letter: Which prosthetic valve? PMID- 58293 TI - Letter: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and autonomic nervous system. PMID- 58294 TI - Letter: Cyproterone acetate. PMID- 58295 TI - Letter: Clinical pharmacology. PMID- 58296 TI - Letter: Paraquat poisoning. PMID- 58297 TI - Letter: Zinc research: an environmental hazard? PMID- 58298 TI - Letter: Lithium and thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 58299 TI - Letter: Hashimoto's disease, encephalopathy, and splenic atrophy. PMID- 58300 TI - Letter: Immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. PMID- 58301 TI - Letter: Immune complexes in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 58302 TI - Letter: Transmission of infectious mononucleosis by blood aerosol? PMID- 58303 TI - John Paul de Villiers Hendrickse. PMID- 58304 TI - William Gordon Hill. PMID- 58305 TI - Anaemia and immune response. AB - Nutritional anaemia is a major public-health problem in many parts of the world, and iron deficiency appears to be the most important cause. The immune response is believed to be impaired in anaemia. The results of the present study, carried out in young children, indicate that both the cell-mediated immune response and the bactericidal activity of leucocytes are impaired when levels of haemoglobin fall to 10 g/dl or less. PMID- 58306 TI - WRL 105 strain (H3N2) live attenuated influenza vaccine: acceptability, reactivity, and antibody response in normal, bronchitic, and geriatric volunteers. AB - The acceptability, reactivity, and antibody responses of recombinant WRL 105 strain, live, attenuated influenza virus vaccine administered intranasally were studied in seventeen normal adults, and in seventeen bronchitic and twenty-one geriatric volunteers. The effect on peak flow and 1-second forced expiratory volume (F.E.V.1) on the 3rd, 5th, and 7th days after vaccination was measured in the bronchitic and normal groups. Seroconversion occurred in 80% to tht homologous virus, in 40.6% to A/Victoria/3/75, and in 26.5% to A/England/864/75 in subjects with pre-vaccination haemagglutination inhibition titres of less than 1/40. A fourfold or greater increase in homologous anti-neuraminidase antibody was found in 48% of twenty-seven infected subjects when measured by a new elution inhibition technique. The frequency and nature of symptoms were similar in both infected and non-infected groups. No significant changes in F.E.V.1 occurred, but on days 5 and 7 there was a decrease in peak flow measurements in both infected and non-infected groups when assessed as the percentage change of the pre vaccination value. PMID- 58307 TI - Evidence of an agent transmissible from ulcerative colitis tissue. AB - Five New Zealand White rabbits were injected intracolonically with homogenates (100 mum) of ulcerative-colitis tissue. Histological changes closely similar to those seen in the human donors were present in the mucosa and submucosa of the large intestine of four of these rabbits 3-12 months later. Similar changes were seen in the large intestine of three of four rabbits 6-13 months after intravenous or intracolonic inoculation of homogenates of rabbit mesenteric lymph nodes after passage of human ulcerative colitis tissue (100 mum or 0.2 mum). Three of thirty A2G strain mice injected with similar tissue homogenates (100 mum or 0.2 mum) from patients with ulcerative colitis into the footpad or intraperitoneally, had granulomatous changes in footpad, bowel, liver and/or spleen 3-22 months later. Such changes did not develop in rabbits or mice inoculated with tissue from normal controls. The results of these experiments suggest that a transmissible factor is involved in the aetiology of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 58308 TI - A mechanism by which high-density lipoproteins may slow the atherogenic process. AB - There is a well-documented negative correlation between plasma concentrations of high-density lipoproteins (H.D.L.) and risk of clinically evident atherosclerosis. This may relate to the postulated role of H.D.L. in the transport of cholesterol out of cells. Studies of the metabolism of lipoproteins by arterial smooth-muscle cells suggest that a second mechanism also operates, H.D.L. binds to the surface of porcine arterial smooth-muscle cells as effectively as low-density lipoprotein (L.D.L.) but is internalised and degraded much more slowly. When incubated with L.D.L. these cells show a net increment in cholesterol content. However, cells incubated with equal or higher concentration of H.D.L. under comparable conditions show no cholesterol accumulation. The presence of H.D.L. in the medium partially inhibits uptake and degradation of L.D.L. and, most important, also partially suppresses the net increment in cell sterol content induced by L.D.L. The demonstrated interaction of H.D.L. and L.D.L. could be a second mechanism contributing to the apparent protective effect of high plasma-H.D.L. concentrations in relation to atherogenesis. PMID- 58309 TI - Abnormal blood viscosity in Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - The exact cause of Raynaud's phenomenon is still unknown. Since the principal feature of this condition is the precipitation of the attacks by cold, blood viscosity was measured in ten patients and in ten normal controls at 27 degrees C and 37 degrees C. The viscosity of the patients' blood was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) at 27 degrees C than that of the controls when measured at a low shear-rate (0.77 s-1). This, as well as the higher yield stress of the patients' blood, suggests that Raynaud's phenomenon may be caused by an abnormal local increase in the viscosity and yield stress of the blood in response to a fall in temperature. PMID- 58310 TI - Relation of D.N.A. repair processes to pathological ageing of the nervous system in xeroderma pigmentosum. AB - The severity of neurological abnormalities in patients with xeroderma pigmentosum has been found to be related to their ability to repair ultraviolet (U.V.) damaged D.N.A. Patients with the most severe neurological abnormalities have the least effective D.N.A. repair is shown by the decreased colony-forming ability of their U.V.-irradiated fibroblasts. These results suggest that the lack of adequate D.N.A. repair is causally related to the clinical manifestations of a human heredodegenerative nervous system disease. PMID- 58311 TI - Immunoreactive beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Immunoreactive beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (beta-M.S.H.) has been detected in cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.). Samples of C.S.F. obtained from 30 patients gave a mean (+/- S.E.M.) concentration of 60.1 +/- 8.0 ng/1 of beta M.S.H. This is significantly greater than the mean (+/- S.E.M.) plasma concentration of 16.1 +/- 1.1 ng/1 for normal adults. There was no relationship to disease state and no correlation was found between C.S.F. concentration of beta-M.S.H. and C.S.F. total protein. This finding of high concentrations of beta M.S.H. in the C.S.F. therefore appears to be physiological and suggests that immunoreactive beta-M.S.H. may have an action on the central nervous system in man. PMID- 58312 TI - Management of painful shoulder. AB - 55 patients with 60 shoulders painful at rest, and with limitation of all ranges of movement, were treated with multiple injections of methylprednisolone acetate into the subacromial space and glenohumeral joint cavity. Pain was abolished in 80%, two weeks after starting therapy and 95% were pain-free four weeks after the first injection. Maximum functional recovery (at least 150 degrees abduction, 80 degrees internal rotation, and 45 degrees external rotation), was achieved in 90% of patients eight weeks after starting treatment. It is suggested that the "frozen" shoulder--i.e., pain-free shoulder with severe limitation of all movement--is the end result of a neglected painful shoulder and it is essential that painful shoulders be treated as early as possible if normal function is to be preserved. PMID- 58313 TI - Haemodialysis and copper fever. AB - A syndrome of headache, chills, sweating, nausea, and exhaustion during and after haemodialysis is described and likened to metal fume fever. A patient has been cured of this syndrome following removal of copper-containing parts from the water-path of her home dialysis system. PMID- 58314 TI - Abnormal polygraphic findings in near-miss sudden infant death. AB - Sleep, respiratory, and cardiac data obtained during sleep and wakefulness by continuous 24-hour polygraphic monitoring from twelve infants who were "near misses" for the sudden-infant-death syndrome were compared with similar information obtained from seven low-risk infants. Although the sleep variables studied were of limited value in differentiating between the low and high risk patients, respiratory and cardiac abnormalities were strikingly more common in near-miss infants. High-risk infants demonstrated both obstructive and mixed stopped-breathing episodes (S.B.E.). Bradycardia was seen secondary to S.B.E. but also simultaneously with or independent of S.B.E. Sudden asystole associated with S.B.E. was seen in one case. These results suggest an autonomic-nervous-system dysfunction in high-risk infants. PMID- 58315 TI - Biological purpose of acne. AB - It is argued that the close endocrine control of human sebaceous glands and the likely effects of acne on selection indicate that both gland and disease have persisted because they are biologically useful. Two possibilities are proposed: sebum may provide precursor substrates for metabolism and synthesis by the epidermis of compounds of both local and systemic importance; and the adjuvent properties of corynebacteria which colonise the active sebaceous glands of acne may facilitate certain general immunological membrane. PMID- 58316 TI - Post-traumatic immunosuppression is due to activation of suppressor T cells. AB - Severe immunosuppression occurs after major thermal burns, accidental injuries, and extensive surgical operations, and probably contributes substantially to patient morbidity and mortality. The mechanism of immunosuppression is unknown and attempts to explain it are contradictory. The contradictions can be resolved by assuming the activation by injury of the suppressor T-cell system, which is involved in normal immunoregulation. If this is true, then generalised, non specific attempts to bolster the immune response in these patients may be inappropriate. PMID- 58317 TI - Trial of new cervical spatula. AB - A trial comparing the relative values of the 'Armovical' and Ayre's spatulae showed a significant improvement of the former over the latter in sampling endocervical epithelium. No such difference was found in their ability to detect epithelial atypia. However, it was confirmed that if (at each attendance of a patient) the cervix was sampled twice instead of once the incidence of atypical smears was increased. PMID- 58318 TI - Editorial: Antithrombin. PMID- 58319 TI - Editorial: Hyponatraemia. PMID- 58321 TI - Editorial: Medical procedures in children. PMID- 58320 TI - Editorial: Fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 58322 TI - Editorial: Let the children play. PMID- 58323 TI - Editorial: Walton report on cervical screening. PMID- 58324 TI - Editorial: C.P.A.P. PMID- 58325 TI - Editorial: Tight-fisted analgesia. PMID- 58326 TI - The catatonic syndrome. AB - Catatonia is often automatically assumed to be a subtype of schizophrenia. This paper proposes that it be considered as a syndrome with various possible causes. Physicians are advised to be aware of potentially serious organic illnesses which may underlie the catatonic syndrome. PMID- 58327 TI - Communication as a method of medical audit. AB - Advances in the practice of medicine over the past forty years have rendered informal communication ineffective in setting and maintaining standards of clinical care. In the past five years, four methods in communication have been introduced in the department of surgery at Guy's Hospital: problem-oriented medical records, death-and-complications meetings, unit review meetings, and a clinical information service. It is suggested that these can achieve quality control. PMID- 58329 TI - Letter: Outpatient follow-up after appendicectomy. PMID- 58328 TI - Letter: Rickets in Asian immigrants. PMID- 58330 TI - Letter: Woodpeckers and head injury. PMID- 58331 TI - Letter: Risks of malformed relatives. PMID- 58332 TI - Letter: Enteropathogenic E. coli. PMID- 58333 TI - Letter: Identification of macrophages in amniotic-fluid cell cultures. PMID- 58334 TI - Letter: Immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. PMID- 58336 TI - Letter: Politics and Prometheus. PMID- 58335 TI - Letter: Cobalt cardiomyopathy. PMID- 58338 TI - Letter: Unusual cell in spleen of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 58337 TI - Letter: Hazards of splenectomy. PMID- 58339 TI - Letter: Smoking and coronary heart-disease. PMID- 58340 TI - Letter: False-positive immunofluorescence test for herpes simplex in tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 58341 TI - Letter: Lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in tracheal aspirate. PMID- 58343 TI - Letter: Transfer factor therapy in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 58342 TI - Letter: Transfer factor in atopic disease. PMID- 58344 TI - Letter: Effect of alcohol on anterior-pituitary secretion of trophic hormones. PMID- 58345 TI - Letter: Paraquat poisoning. PMID- 58346 TI - Letter: Valproate in the U.S.A. PMID- 58347 TI - Letter: Hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal function in patients receiving prednisolone and cytotoxic chemotherapy. PMID- 58348 TI - Letter: Magnesium in heart muscle. PMID- 58349 TI - Letter: Fractionated insulins. PMID- 58350 TI - Letter: Highly purified insulins. PMID- 58351 TI - Letter: Cyclic A.M.P. and arrhythmias. PMID- 58352 TI - Letter: Warfarin and fetal abnormality. PMID- 58353 TI - Letter: Primary liver-cell carcinoma in the savannah country of northern Nigeria. PMID- 58354 TI - Letter: Drug-induced asthma. PMID- 58355 TI - Letter: Osteoporosis and androgens. PMID- 58356 TI - Letter: Multiple sclerosis and viral infections. PMID- 58357 TI - John Parkinson. PMID- 58358 TI - Geoffrey Barrow Dowling. PMID- 58359 TI - George Gordon Bruce. PMID- 58360 TI - Leslie H. Truelove. PMID- 58361 TI - [Origin of syphilis]. PMID- 58362 TI - Axoplasmic transport of norepinephrine in the rat brain. PMID- 58363 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of Rez-O-MAT T-3, Rez-O-MAT T-4 and Rez-O-MAT ETP for diagnosis of functional disorders of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 58364 TI - Staining mycobacteria with carbolfuchsin: properties of solutions prepared with different samples of basic fuchsin. AB - Acid fast staining of mycobacteria in the form of beadings is obtained by means of a carbolfuchsin solution (Ziehl-Neelsen stain) prepared from pararosaniline or from certain kinds of basic fuchsin. After such acid-fast stains, the intensity of the bacilli's colouring was rather poor and unstable, so that some bacilli lost their acid-fast stain. In contrast, an acid-fast staining of mycobacteria in rod form results by using a carbolfuchsin prepared from rosaniline or from other basic fuchsins included new fuchsin. The spectrophotometric and thin-layer chromatographic data indicate that the main component of those basic fuchsins showing beady staining may be pararosaniline, whereas the main ingredient of basic fuchsin with staining the bacteria in rod form may be its higher homologues. Neither chloride nor acetate of the fuchsin could affect the appearance and number of stained bacilli. The commercially available "basic fuchsin" is either the chloride or acetate of pure pararosaniline or consists of variable mixtures of it with higher homologues. Consequently, only a basic fuchsin which has an absorption maximum at lambda greater than or equal to 552 nm could be employed for the acid-fast stain of mycobacteria in a stable manner. Pararosaniline included some basic fuchsins, composed mainly from pararosaniline, should not be selected for the preparation of the carbolfuchsin formula. PMID- 58365 TI - [Publications concerning microscopic equipment and methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 58366 TI - [Fluorochroming of yeast cells with acridine yperite]. AB - A technique is suggested for staining the nuclei of Saccharomycetes on fixed preparations with acridine-yperite. The nuclear structures in the yeast cells become easily descernable after this staining. The patterns of mitosis in this case are similar to those on the preparations stained according to the technique of Giemza-Romanovsky. PMID- 58367 TI - Editorial: The epidemiology of prostatic cancer - a matter of hormones? PMID- 58368 TI - Malignant paraplegia. PMID- 58369 TI - Editorial: Airborne lead: a pollution hazard? PMID- 58370 TI - A study of blood lead levels in residents of the Sydney area. AB - Blood lead analyses were undertaken of 133 adults who were healthy blood donors, by means of the carbon rod atomic absorption technique. The mean result was 12-4 mug/100 ml and only two persons had values over 30 mug/100 ml. Subjects were divided into various groups and it was found that smoking did not contribute significantly to the blood level, but the location of dwelling and employment gave a correlation with proximity to the city of Sydney. In three separated groups of urban, suburban and city inhabitants, the use of the motor-car was associated with an increase in the mean blood-level of lead. PMID- 58371 TI - Carcinoma of the rectum at St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne. AB - Public patients admitted to a public hospital with carcinoma of the rectum were older and had more advanced lesions than those generally reported. Elderly patients were often unfit for any definitive treatment. Only half of all patients had curative resections and half of these lives five years; survival was related to stage. Palliative resection proved safe and worth while. Late diagnosis of rectal cancer among the aged and the poor demands improvement in our standards of community health care. PMID- 58373 TI - [Lupus erythematosus: contribution of the laboratory to diagnosis and course control]. PMID- 58372 TI - [Blood-C.S.F. barrier impairment in multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.) findings of 68 patients in multiple sclerosis in relation to the length of illness are reported. Immune reactions in the C.S.F. are similar to those reported by other research workers. In the first 10 years illness an increasing blood-C.S.F. barrier impairment can be noticed. Similar C.S.F.-diagnoses, immune reaction and barrier disturbance, are also possible in acute and severe stages of multiple sclerosis. Consequently, barrier impariment during a severe reaction in the C.S.F. in multiple sclerosis can be an indicator of an increase of pathomorphological C.N.S.-changes which is possible in the first 10 years of illness. PMID- 58374 TI - [New aspects of shock therapy with volume expanders (author's transl)]. AB - For successful primary treatment of hemorrhagic shock the infusion of volume expanders is a ""conditio sine qua non''. Of the original possibilities for selection, Ringer's lactated injection can no longer be recommended for the compensation of intravascular loss in the light of more recent pathophysiological knowledge. Opposite to this, gelatin, dextran, hydroxyethyl starch, and albumin solutions are available as the mainstay of an adequate volume expansion. The danger of anaphylactoid side effects is to be estimated as about equal in all 4 groups of substances. Seen from the point of view of replacement function and of rheological and pharmacological properties, the higher molecular dextrans may still be considered the method of choice for shock therapy. PMID- 58375 TI - [Hepatitis in dialysis wards (author's transl)]. AB - The endemic spread of hepatitis B is a big problem of many hemodialysis wards. Dialysis patients have mild, often anicteric diseases, but the number of chronic types among them with persistent HBs Ag is particularly high. The high proportion of clinically unapparent hepatitis affections and HBs carriers favors the endemic spread of hepatitis B in dialysis wards. By reduction of the number of blood transfusions, by the use of suitable equipment, segregation of HBs Ag positive patients from negative patients and strict maintenance of hygienic rules by patients and personnel the incidence of hepatitis B can be markedly lowered. Passive immunity by means of gammaglobulin containing a high-titer of anti-HBs is possible, but as yet there is no active immunization. PMID- 58376 TI - [Can therapeutic measures cause a hepatitis virus infection to become chronic? (author's transl)]. AB - The question whether a hepatitis B virus infection can become chronic as a result of prophylactic or therapeutic measures is investigated. Experience with standard or hepatitis B gamma-globulin has shown no negative influence on the development of chronic hepatitis B virus infections. On the other hand it cannot be excluded that a hepatitis B virus infection may be so modified by steroid therapy, by immunosuppressive or cytostatic treatment that the disease runs a milder course and then tends to chronicity with persistence of HBs antigen. PMID- 58377 TI - X-ray-induced chromosome aberrations in mouse dictyate oocytes. I. Time and dose relationships. AB - Structural chromosome aberrations were analyzed in superovulated metaphase-I oocytes of the mouse, Mus musculus, at various times after a single acute dose of 200 R of X-rays. The aberrations seen were of the chromatid type, i.e., chromatid interchanges, isochromatid deletions and chromatid deletions. The aberration frequency was low during the interval 24 h to 5 days between irradiation and ovulation; peak frequency was reached when irradiation was given 14 days prior to ovulation. A dose-response study was made 14 days prior to ovulation at doses of 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 R. A curve of these data indicated that a significant two-track component was present for both interchanges and deletions. Centromere staining revealed that symmetrical and asymmetrical interchanges occurred at approximately equal frequency and also that the asymmetrical equivalent of crossing-over was induced at a measurable frequency. PMID- 58378 TI - Mapping of sister-chromatid exchanges in human chromosomes using G-banding and autoradiography. AB - Lumphocytes were pulse-labelled with [3H] thymidine. Following G-banding, the cells were autoradiographed and 46 in their third post-labelling division selected. The locations of 611 sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE's) which had occurred in the previous two cell cycles were recorded as label discontinuities along identified chromosomes. Between particular chromosomes, SCE frequency was proportional to chromosome length. SCE frequency distributions within particular chromosomes fitted Poisson expectations. There was no over-representation of exchanges in centromeric regions, or in the C-banded regions of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16. A trend of increased frequency of SCE in darkly G-banded regions and in relatively darkly banded chromosomes was evident. The apparent excess of SCE in dark G-bands could be considered to be a consequence of the more condensed state of the DNA in these regions in the interphase nucleus relative to the DNA in pale G-band regions. Such compaction could result in an enhanced probability of SCE and a reduced probability of gross inter- or intra-change involving these regions. In contrast, the more extended interphase state of the DNA in pale G banded regions would allow non-homologous exchange and account for the preferred location of X-ray-induced exchange events to pale G-bands. PMID- 58379 TI - Mechanism of action of the sex steroid hormones (third of three parts). PMID- 58380 TI - Letter: Alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid and maternal serum. PMID- 58381 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia. PMID- 58383 TI - Recovery and reception area. PMID- 58382 TI - Sounding board: Antenatal diagnosis, alpha fetoprotein and the FDA. PMID- 58384 TI - Small molecular weight beta 1 serum protein which specifically inhibits human collagenases. PMID- 58385 TI - [Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in the serum of patients with germ cell tumors. The value of AFP determination for diagnosis and follow-up]. PMID- 58386 TI - [Dangers from drugs in aerosols in general and toxic activity of propellants in particular]. PMID- 58387 TI - [Microelectrode recording of the reactions of visually observed neurons of the cat cerebral cortex]. PMID- 58388 TI - Localization of alpha-fetoprotein in liver tissue of rats during postnatal development: comparison of the immunofluorescent and autoradiographic methods. AB - Localization of alpha-fetoprotein has been followed in the liver of rats of the Wistar strain from birth up to 37th day of life, and its presence was detected by means of the immunofluorescent and the autoradiographic methods. The former has shown alpha-fetoprotein to be localized in hepatocytes and the number of positive hepatocytes to decline proportionally with that of alpha-fetoprotein concentration in the serum. In newborn rats almost all the hepatocytes were found to be positive. During the course of the subsequent development of the liver tissue the number of positive hepatocytes decreases and at the time of the formation of the lobular structure only certain groups of lobes remain positive. The number of positive cells, gradually diminishes from the periphery towards the vena centralis. The autoradiographic method revealed only small groups of individual cells to be alpha-fetoprotein positive, without any specific localization. PMID- 58389 TI - Radioimmunoassay of alpha-fetoprotein in the serum of patients with leukemia and malignant melanoma. AB - A sensitive double antibody radioimmunoassay has been used to measure Alpha fetoprotein in the serum of healthy subjects, pregnant women and patients with a variety of malignant diseases including leukemia and melanoma. Elevated serum Alpha-fetoprotein levels were found in 2 of 35 patients with leukemia, 2 of 10 with melanoma. All the pregnant women studied had raised levels. PMID- 58390 TI - Enhanced mortality in offsprings of male mice treated with 5-azacytidine prior to mating. Morphological changes in testes. AB - 5-Azacytidine administered to male mice prior to mating resulted in their decreased fertility and in the loss of offsprings at different periods of embryonic and postnatal development. The drug interfered with mature spermatozoa and spermatids; considerable distortion of cellular associations in seminiferous epithelium has been observed. The possible interaction of 5-azacytidine with the function and/or formation of microtubule protein is discussed. PMID- 58391 TI - Constitutive heterochromatin in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. AB - The study of the distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in the chromosomes of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells has revealed changes in both the amount and the spatial distribution of this class of DNA. The marker chromosomes were identified and the probable mechanism of their formation was discussed. PMID- 58392 TI - [Cerebral dysfunction in transsexualism]. PMID- 58393 TI - Criteria for the clinical diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 58394 TI - Clinical and immunologic studies on multiple sclerosis. PMID- 58396 TI - Letter: Dark-ground microscopy of stained leptospires. PMID- 58395 TI - Modulation of the immunologic response of myelin basic protein by extrinsic and intrinsic factors. PMID- 58397 TI - [Regulation mechanisms of the activity of T lymphocytes : applications to infective and tumoral pathology. II. -- BCG and immuno-stimulation (author's transl)]. AB - The inhibition of activated T cells by products of the humoral immune response is almost abolished in mice previously infected by BCG. As a result, these mice develop very high levels of DTH in response to doses of SRBC which cause complete suppression in normal mice. This systemic effect of BCG is dose, strain and time dependent and lasts for about three weeks. Its main effect is to inhibition of T cells by the products of the humoral. BCG infected mice develop increased levels of DTH associated with augmented antibody production, in contrast to the T cell potentiating effects of CY, which depend on a diminished production of antibodies. Since BCG and CY act in different ways, their effects are additive. Very remarkable levels of DTH are achieved when they are used in combination, in normal mice. These two agents together can also restore cell mediated immunity completely, but a further antigenic stimulus is needed to reestablish DTH in mice blocked by an humoral immune response or by a long period of continuous exposure to antigen. Some clinical T cell depressions are discussed in view of the humoral suppression, and the possible use of BCG to restore some functions of the T cell activity. PMID- 58398 TI - [Comparative study of the cytotoxic effect of nephrotoxic serum, its globulin fraction and its gamma G globulin fraction in experiments on rats]. PMID- 58399 TI - [Whipple's disease: histochemical and ultrastructural study]. PMID- 58400 TI - [Behavior of alpha-1-fetoprotein in premature infants]. PMID- 58401 TI - [Alpha-1-fetoprotein in neoplastic diseases and in some inflammatory disorders of the digestive system]. PMID- 58402 TI - [Alpha fetoprotein--its physiology and clinical significance]. PMID- 58403 TI - [Clinico-virological characteristics and prevention of influenza type A2 and B in a closed children's collective]. PMID- 58404 TI - A nursing care study of tracheloplasty on a 25 year old woman. PMID- 58405 TI - [Teaching machine for instruction of radiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 58406 TI - [Mesenteric panniculitis after apparently cured hypersplenic cirrhosis. One case]. PMID- 58407 TI - [The use of new immunoglobulin preparation, enriched in IgA and IgM (IgGAM)]. AB - The clinical results obtained with fraction IgGAM are reported. Different types of antibody deficiency syndromes have successfully been treated : 8 cases of Bruton-type agammaglobulinemia. In one of these case a tenacious Pseudomonas infection cleared off during the treatment. Two cases of non sex-linked familial agammaglobulinemia. Three cases of isolated IgM deficiency. Five cases of isolated IgA deficiency. Five cases with Soothill type IgA deficiency associated with high IgE levels. Five cases of septicemia of the new-born. Three cases with acquired agammaglobulinemia and in the premature infant (5 cases). No side effects nor appearance of anti-IgA antibodies have been observed. PMID- 58408 TI - Formation and characteristics of reovirus subviral particles in interferon treated mouse L cells. AB - We examined the early phase of reovirus replication in interferon-treated L cells. No difference was detected in the adsorption of virus to cells, the rate and extent of conversion of parental virions to sub-viral particles (SVPs), and the protein and double-stranded RNA composition of the SVPs when comparing reovirus infection of the interferon-treated and control cells. Furthermore, when tested in vitro, SVPs isolated from interferon-treated cells (SVPINT) synthesized and methylated reo mRNAs at the same rate as SVPs isolated from control cells (SVPCON). However, the accumulated products of RNA synthesis promoted by SVPCON consisted mainly of full size reo mRNA molecules, whereas those whose synthesis was promoted by SVPINT consisted mainly of shorter products. These results indicate that premature termination of transcription and/or degradation of full size transcripts occurred in vitro with SVPINT. Other experiments revealed that a nuclease is associated with our SVPINT preparation. PMID- 58409 TI - Labelling of bleomycin with cobalt-57, indium-111, technetium-99m, mercury-197, lead-203, and copper-67. AB - The radiochemical purity of the cobalt-57 complex of bleomycin could be enhanced by adjusting the pH of the final product to a value between 5 and 6. This radiopharmaceutical appeared to have better tumor visualizing properties compared to the not neutralized preparation. The clinical use of the cobalt-57 bleomycin complex is however limited by the long physical half-life of the label, causing a risk of radioactive contamination. It appeared to be possible to label bleomycin with radioactive cations (111In3+, 99mTc4+, 197Hg2+ and 67Cu2+) having suitable gamma ray energies and short half-lifes. These bleomycin complexes showed a high radio-chemical purity judged by their behaviour on thin layer chromatography, paper chromatography, and electrophoresis, but their application as tumor visualizing radiopharmaceutical turned out to be disappointing compared with cobalt-57 bleomycin. PMID- 58410 TI - Unusual urinary tract radioactivity patterns during 57Co-bleomycin scintigraphy. PMID- 58411 TI - Securing funding. PMID- 58412 TI - [Isotopes and labelled agents used in scintiscanning of malignant neoplasms (author's transl)]. PMID- 58413 TI - [Scleredema adultorum]. PMID- 58414 TI - [Molecular biology of thalassemia]. PMID- 58415 TI - [Carcinoma of the bladder: present state of therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 58416 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein: the major high-affinity estrogen binder in rat uterine cytosols. AB - Evidence is present that alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a serum globulin, accounts mainly, if not entirely, for the high estrogen-binding properties of uterine cytosols from immature rats. By the use of specific immunoadsorbents to AFP and by competitive assays with unlabeled steroids and pure AFP, it has been demonstrated that in hypotonic cytosols AFP is present partly as free protein with a sedimentation coefficient of about 4-5 S and partly in association with some intracellular constituent(s) to form an 8S estrogen-binding entity. The AFP leads to 8S transformation results in a loss of antigenic reactivity to antibodies against AFP and a significant change in binding specificity. This change in binding specificity is manifested by an increase in binding affinity for estradiol, estriol, diethylstillbestrol, and nafoxidine ( a non-steroidal anti-estrogen), and by a concomitant decrease in estrone binding. Both the antigenic and binding properties of native AFP are recovered after dissociation of the 8S complex in 0.4 M KC1. An AFP-mediated mechanism of early intracellular events associated with estrogen entry in target cells is suggested and discussed with regard to current views on steroid action. PMID- 58417 TI - Human pituitary growth hormone: restoration of full biological activity by noncovalent interaction of two fragments of the hormone. AB - The NH2-terminal 134 amino-acid fragment of the reduced-carbamidomethylated human somatropin molecule is found to react noncovalently with the COOH-terminal 51 amino-acid fragment in solutions of pH 8.4 at 2 degrees to restore full biological activity as evidenced by the rat tibia and pigeon crop-sac assays. In addition, circular dichroism spectra of the recombinant show the conformation to be completely repaired in comparison with that of the native hormone. PMID- 58419 TI - A simple method for producing graph or text lecture slides. PMID- 58418 TI - Demonstration of an idiotypic antigen on a monoclonal cold agglutinin and on its isolated heavy and light chains. AB - A potent anti-idiotype serum produced in a rabbit immunized with the isolated heavy chains of an IgM cold agglutinin "Col" was rendered specific by solid-state adsorptions. The anit-Col idiotype was shown to bind specifically to both isolated Col heavy (mu) and light (kappa) chains as well as to intact Col IgM by three methods: (i) reversal of anti-idiotype inhibition of Col cold agglutinin in an automated hemagglutination-inhibition assay system; (ii) adsorption of the anti-idiotype by affinity gels consisting of Col IgM, mu, or kappa chains covalently coupled to Sepharose 2B; (iii) binding of Col IgM and its isolated chains by an anti-idiotype affinity gel. Fragments of Col light chain lacking constant region determinants but still capable of inhibiting anti-idiotype were produced by limited pepsin digestion of the light chains. The finding of shared idiotypic determinants on isolated heavy and light chains of a monoclonal antibody suggests that these chains share a common sequence in a hypervariable region. As an extension of the gene insertion theory of Wu and Kabat, we postulate that genes coding for hypervariable regions may be available for insertion into the DNA for both heavy and light chains. PMID- 58420 TI - The complaint of pain. AB - All patients with pain must be taken seriously, and both organic and emotional factors investigated. Cultural aspects, early developmental experience, and highly personal meanings may influence the individual's perception of and reaction to pain; specific psychiatric pain states may be identified as well. Treatment is aimed at curing the underlying cause of the discomfort or allowing maximal rehabilitation in chronic conditions. PMID- 58421 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid in psycho-organic processes]. PMID- 58422 TI - Xerox: a new symbol. PMID- 58423 TI - On the umbilicus as bisexual genital. PMID- 58424 TI - Guidelines for making health education work. AB - The results of a number of studies which have indicated the limited effectiveness of health education efforts using the mass media are reviewed. The cause of these failures, according to the authors was the inability to apply a number of principles of effective design to the instructional materials used in the mass media. The basic slide show produced by the neighborhood health center for its own population may be more effective than a nationally televised spot announcement because locally prepared material can be sharply focused on the learner's characteristics and the specifically desired outcome behavior. The authors list 10 guidelines for the construction of effective instructional materials: define outcome measures, analyze relevant characteristics of the learner, gain and maintain the learner's attention, establish the learner's vulnerability, demonstrate the needs for action, establish the learner as an agent, establish the learner's effectiveness, provide for practice, repeat key facts, and generalize to similar situations. The principles of social reinforcement that must accompany health education instruction if behavior is to be modified are outlined. How environmental factors such as time, distance, expense, and the organization of health services hamper desired behavior outcomes is also discussed. PMID- 58425 TI - Immunopathology of liver disease. PMID- 58426 TI - Human alpha1-fetoprotein (AFP): developmental biology and clinical significance. PMID- 58427 TI - Pathology of organelles in the human hepatic parenchymal cell. PMID- 58429 TI - [Infectious diseases in Poland against the background of their incidence in the world]. PMID- 58428 TI - Liver disease of the alcoholic: role of immunologic abnormalities in pathogenesis, recognition, and treatment. PMID- 58430 TI - [Staining of electrophoretic patterns suited for lipoprotein quantification (author's transl)]. PMID- 58431 TI - [Use of the N.B.T. test as an auxilliary in the detection of bacterial complications of measles]. PMID- 58432 TI - [Evaluation of the patient's condition in a post-anesthesia recovery room]. PMID- 58433 TI - [Comparison between the cytogenic technique and the papanicolaou in the diagnosis of malignancy in pleural effusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 58434 TI - Nursing care of the liver-transplant patient. PMID- 58435 TI - How to put lumbar sympathectomy patients on their own two feet. PMID- 58436 TI - [Audio-visual aids and medicine: promise of marriage or short-term flirtation?]. PMID- 58437 TI - The 1971-72 epidemic of acute viral hepatitis in Godthaab, Greenland. AB - Viral hepatitis has been known to occur among the Greenland population endemically as well as in smaller and larger epidemics. A large epidemic of acute hepatitis comprising around 9% of the entire population, viz. more than 4000 notified cases, swept through Greenland between October 1970 and December 1972. 996 verified cases were seen in the Godthaab district and subjected to more detailed studies. Most of the Godthaab cases were seen among children and adolescents, and no disease was observed in children less than one year of age. Out of 996 diagnosed cases 9 showed acute hepatic failure with coma. Two further cases of hepatic coma were referred for treatment from outside the district. Three of these 11 patients recovered spontaneously. Of the residual 8 cases 6 were treated with exchange transfusions and steroids. Four of these survived and recovered completely. No lasting sequelae had been registered in any of the surviving cases of the epidemic up to June 1975 (2 1/2 years after cessation of the epidemic). Prophylaxis with gamma-globulin was undertaken in a medium-sized settlement in which practically the entire population received gamma-globulin when the first case of hepatitis was diagnosed. In this settlement only 7 out of 297 inhabitants contracted hepatitis. By contrast, in a similar settlement where no gamma-globulin was given, more than 30% of the population developed icteric hepatitis. The clinical features and the prophylactic effect of gamma-globulin seem to indicate that the epidemic was caused by the hepatitis A virus. In accordance with this, transitory Australia-antigenaemia was demonstrated in the acute phase in only 2.6% of the cases, possibly inidicating a small admixture of acute hepatitis type B to the epidemic predominantly caused by hepatitis A virus. PMID- 58438 TI - Gatric carcinoma. A prospective study of tumour differentiation correlated to surgical procedures and survival rate. AB - A prospective study of 100 consecutive patients operated for gastric carcinoma is presented. The resectability was 43 per cent. Primary mortality for palliaktive resections including total gastrectomy was 3.8 per cent with a 2-year survival rate of 20 per cent. The primary mortality and the 2-year survival after palliative surgical procedures including total gastrectomy justify these procedures. Based on histological qualities of the tumourcells a Differentiation Coefficient is defined. In these patients the coefficient could not be compared to the survival rate. PMID- 58439 TI - Ia antigens and Fc receptors. AB - The function of Fc receptors (FcR) on mouse spleen cells as detected by a sensitive rosetting system using antibody-labeled bovine erythrocytes as indicator cells was shown to be inhibited by anti-Ia antiserum. Furthermore, the Ia specificities of each I-region sublocus (I-1A, I-1B, I-C) seem to be associated with FrR, since FcR function was also inhibited when the blocking anti Ia antiserum recognized only restricted Ia specificities. Antiserum directed against antigens coded for by the K-end of the major histocompatibility complex did not inhibit FcR function. The function of C3 receptors and Fc receptors on macrophages and Fc-receptor-positive cells in the fetal liver was not inhibited by anti-Ia antiserum. These findings are discussed in view of a possible arrangement of Fc receptors and Ia antigens on the cell membrane. PMID- 58440 TI - Characterization of homologous anti-alpha-fetoprotein antibodies produced in rabbits. AB - The natural tolerance to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was broken in rabbits by immunizations with purified AFP from different species and homologous AFP chemically modified by haptenation. Some of the rabbits were boostered with rabbit AFP. The highest titers were obtained with human AFP, which shows a strong cross-reaction with rabbit AFP. The homologous antibodies were of lower avidity than heterologous (sheep) antisera. Injections with rabbit AFP did not alter the avidity or titer. All antibodies produced by injections with human AFP could be absorbed with the original immunogen, and no reactivity against determinants unique to rabbit AFP could be found. These results indicate that the antibody activity against autologous AFP is based on cross-reactivity and that the immunizations did not make the autologous AFP immunogenic. These findings may be important in view of the possible use of AFP as a target antigen in tumor immunotherapy. PMID- 58441 TI - Transurethral electroresection of prostatic adenoma. Early results. AB - In 1972 and 1973 all together 186 men were operated upon with transurethral electroresection of prostatic adenoma. During the period no adenomectomies were performed by "open" methods. All the patients were operated upon by one surgeon. The early results of the operation were analysed. The operation appeared to imply only a very small strain on the patients. None of the men died during their stay in hospital. The men spent on the average 5 days in hospital after the operation. This figure includes those men in whom the adenoma removed was large, i.e. 88 cases in which the operative specimens weighed 30 to 124 g. The need of blood transfusions was small during and after the operation. Transfusions were never necessary in those cases where the operative specimens were small. In the 88 cases where specimens were large 25% required blood transfusion. Most patients had urinary incontinence for a few days to four months after the operation. They were afterwards all continent except 4 who were completely incontinent postoperatively. In all of these cases incontinence was due, at least partly, to cerebral lesions. It is claimed that with the irrigation fluid used, i.e. isotonic water solution of sorbitol and acetic acid, there is no need to limit the operation time and therefore not the size of the adenomas which can be resected. The surgeon can work quietly and without haste until the entire adenoma has been removed. PMID- 58442 TI - Benign obstructive prostatic enlargement. A comparison between the results of treatment by transurethral electro-resection and the results of open surgery. AB - The results of 532 transurethral electro-resections (TUR) are compared with 67 open prostatectomies performed over a period of 9 years. The age ranges of the two patient materials were fairly similar. The incidence of associated medical diseases was rather high, 30.8%. The weight limit of the glands selected for TUR was preset at 80 g; the largest resected gland was 120 g. post electro-resection weight. The overall mortality rate for the series was 0.5%; for TUR 0.37% and for open surgery 1.5%. The per- and postoperative complications were fewer in the TUR group than in the open surgery group. The post-operative hospital stay was definitely shorter in the patients subjected to TUR. PMID- 58443 TI - Aorto-oesophageal fistula complicating carcinoma of the oesophagus. Review of the literature and report of a case following irradiation and cytostatic therapy. AB - Aortic perforation complicating carcinoma of the oesophagus is extremely uncommon. In keeping with findings in the literature, the aortic wall in this case was damaged by secondary changes following irradiation and Bleomycin treatment. Extensive necrosis of normal tissues was a prominent feature and it is suggested that the action of radiation in combination with cytostatic therapy on normal tissues need further investigation. PMID- 58444 TI - The DNA provirus hypothesis. AB - I have discussed the observations and experiments that led to the formulation and establishment of the provirus hypothesis and the DNA provirus hypothesis, which includes RNA-directed DNA synthesis for the formation of the provirus. I have also discussed some aspects of the present status of our knowledge of the mechanism of formation of the DNA provirus both to point out the work remaining to be done and to illustrate hypotheses for the origins of ribodeoxyviruses and the origins of other animal enveloped RNA viruses and of animal small DNA viruses. Finally, I have indicated that I do not believe that infectious viruses cause most human cancers, but I do believe that viruses provide models of the processes involved in the etiology of human cancer. PMID- 58445 TI - Editorial: The future of radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 58446 TI - Serological analysis of the HL--A10 complex. AB - In a Caucasian blood donor population largely of Polish and German origin, W25 and W26 were shown to be distinct antigens which comprise the entire specificity of HL--A10. These antigens were in linkage disequilibrium with W18 and W16 respectively. Multiparous women with antibody against HL--A10 (W25 -- W26) had husbands typing for either W25 or W26, but never both. Other sera against HL--A11 and W32 had extra antigen reactivity with W26 and W25 respectively. Serological analysis of 21 sera with W25 and W26 reactivity suggested that the broad HL--A10 complex comprises HL--A11--W26--W25--W32. The immunolgenicity and serological reactivity of the antigens in this complex may be explained with a concept of two paired amino acid substitutions at the antigenic determinant in the HL--A peptide chain. PMID- 58447 TI - Separation of anti-Ia (I-region associated antigens) from anti-H-2 antibodies in complex sera, by absorption on blood platelets. description of three new Ia specificities. AB - H-2 antigens are expressed in substantial amounts of murine blood platelets (for H-2 antigenic content 1 lymphocyte approximately 50 platelets) whereas Ia antigens are probably not expressed at all (minimal Ia antigenic content more than 35 times lower than for H-2). This property of blood platelets makes them very useful for the selective absorption of anti-H-2 antibodies from complex sera and for the preparation of specific anti-Ia antibodies from such sera. In 20 sera produced against the complete H-2 complex, 12 sera contained anti-Ia antibodies beside the expected anti-H-2 antibodies. In two sera, separation of the anti-Ia antibodies was easily obtained by absorption of the anti-H--2 antibodies on platelets. The analysis of one serum (C3H.Q X B10.D2) anti-C3H [(q X d) anti-k] showed that, in addition to be expected anti-H--2.23 and anti-Ia.2 antibodies, it contained at least three other Ia antibodies, separable by absorption on lymphocytes, which recognized three antigens--Ia.17, determined by the haplotypes k, f, s, r, j; Ia.18, determined by the haplotypes k, f, s; and Ia.19 determined by the haplotypes k and r. The genes are located in the I--A and/or I--B subregions of the H--2 complex. PMID- 58448 TI - A methanol resorcin-fuchsin stain for elastic tissues and nuclei. AB - The staining properties of conventional ethanol resorcin-fuchsin and of methanol resorcin-fuchsin were compared. Formula; Dissolve 0.2 g of commercial resorcin fuschin in 70 ml of methanol or ethanol, add 30 ml of water and 1 m1 of concentrated HC1; stain sections for 4 hours. Both solutions colored elastic and pseudoelastic fibers, cartilage and some mucins. Methanol resorcin-fuchsin also colored nuclei in methacarn- (methanol-chloroform-glacial acetic acid 6:3:1) and formalin-fixed tissues; this nuclear stain withstood counterstaining with picro dye mictures. Zenker-fixed sections showed diffuse coloration with little or no contrast between nuclei and cytoplasm. Extraction with hot trichloracetic acid abolished binding of methylene blue, but binding of methanol resorcin-fuchsin by nuclei remained unaltered or was enhanced. Experiments with solvents containing various concentrations of methanol, ethanol or isopropanol indicated that the staining patterns of resorcin-fuchsin are determined by the nature and concentration of the alcohol. Methanol resorcin-fuchsin proved useful for simultaneous visualization of elastic tissues and nuclei. PMID- 58449 TI - An in vivo giemsa chromosome banding technique. AB - An in vivo chromosome banding technique has been developed. Swiss albino mice were injected with the DNA alkylating agents ethyl methanesulfonate, methyl methanesulfonate, or methyl ethanesulfonate 12, 24, 48 or 72 hours prior to cell harvesting. After harvesting, the cells were fixed with 3:1 methanol-acetic acid and slides were prepared by air drying. The slides were stained 2 1/2 minutes in 3% Giemsa in pH 6.8 Sorensen's buffer. All three alkylating agents induced chromosome bands similar to the Giemsa bands induced by other banding techniques which involve postfixation treatments. PMID- 58450 TI - The staining of Brunner's gland and other neutral mucins by carmine, hematoxylin and orcein in alkaline solutions. AB - Brunner's glands and other neutral mucins may be stained red, brownish red, and violet, respectively, by carmine, hematoxylin, and orcein from appropriate alkaline solutions. Carmine and hematoxylin in concentrations of 0.2-1% are dissolved in 60-70% alcohol containing 1% potassium carbonate; orcein is used in a 0.2% alcoholic solution of sodium hydroxide. Staining times are 15 to 30 minutes. The stained sections are rinsed in 95% or absolute alcohol prior to xylene and mounting. The staining of these mucins is blocked by mild bromine oxidation. By using alcian blue 0.1% in 3% acetic acid for 5 minutes prior to the above stains, mucins may be characterized in the same preparation as acid, neutral or mixed. PMID- 58451 TI - A glutaraldehyde/potassium dichromate tracing method for the localization and preservation of abdominal extra-adrenal chromaffin tissues. AB - The present work introduces a method for the localization in situ of the abdominal paraganglia. After treating retroperitoneal tissue blocks with a near neutral glutaraldehyde/potassium dichromate solution following routine glutaraldehyde perfusion, intra- and extraadrenal chromaffin tissues develop a pronounced brown color from the interaction of glutaraldehyde/potassium dichromate with amines. In this manner, visualization of the abdominal extra adrenal chromaffin organs is enhanced at the same time that cellular ultrastructure is preserved. Subsequent examination of the dichromate-reacted tissues with the electron microscope confirms that they represent the amine-rich paraganglia. This method offers an effective alternative to extensive sampling of plastic-embedded blocks for localizing peripheral chromaffin tissue and has been used to define the exact distribution of abdominal paraganglia in the rabbit. PMID- 58452 TI - Assay of androgen binding sites by exchange with methyltrienolone (R 1881). AB - Methyltrienolone (R 1881 - 17beta-hydroxy-17alpha-methyl-estra-4,9,11-trien-3 one) binds specifically to androgen receptor in rat prostate cytosol where, unlike androstanolone, it is not metabolized. By exchanging bound endogenous hormone in rat prostate cytosol with labelled R 1881, it is possible to measure total (free anc occupied) binding sites. This assay method has also been applied to the measurement of androgen receptor sites in human benign prostatic hypertrophy where R 1881 has the added advantage of not being bound by any contaminating plasma protein (sex hormone binding protein). PMID- 58453 TI - Amoebic infection of the eye. A Pathological report. PMID- 58454 TI - Human cytotoxic lymphocytes after alloimmunization in vitro. PMID- 58455 TI - The specificity of thymus-derived T-cells in cell-mediated cytotoxic reactions. PMID- 58456 TI - The specificity of T lymphocyte responses to chemically defined antigens. AB - A system is described that allows the definition of T cell receptor specificity with some precision. It involves immunization of guinea pigs with hapten coupled to mycobacteria. The T cells of such animals respond to many but not all carriers modified by that hapten. Such T cells recognize neither hapten nor carrier alone, but rather determinants involving both the hapten and the carrier. No evidence for hapten-specific T cells was found. A model of the antigen binding site of the T cell receptor emerged from these experiments. According to this model, the T cell receptor consists of a single site of relatively large extent involving multiple subsites which are of low and roughly equal affinity. Thus, the haptenic group is not immunodominant for T cells as it is for B cells and for anti-hapten antibody. This suggests that the antigen binding receptor on T cells differs in some fundamental way from that on B cells. It is proposed that antigen recognition by T cells is mediated by an immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region that is not paired with an immunoglobulin light chain variable region. PMID- 58457 TI - Specificity in T cell mediated lympholysis: identical genetic control of the proliferative and effector phases of allogeneic and xenogeneic reactions. PMID- 58458 TI - Role of the murine major histocompatibility complex in the specificity of in vitro T-cell-mediated lympholysis against chemically-modified autologous lymphocytes. PMID- 58459 TI - The specificity of effector T cells activated by tumours induced by murine oncornaviruses. PMID- 58460 TI - Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells specificity and characterization of concanavalin A-activated cytotoxic effector lymphocytes. AB - The selective T cell mitogen Con A was found to induce cytotoxic effectorlymphocytes after in vivo or in vitro treatment. The effector cells exhibited immunologic specificity when tested against tumor cells, killing targets only across H-2 histocompatibility barriers. Thus, Con A caused a polyclonal T cell activation, resulting in the appearance of effector cells capable of recognizing all H-2 antigens, except those coded for by the major histocompatibility loci of the lymphocyte donor. These experiments demonstrate that Con A is capable of activating pre-existing T cells to reveal their genetically determined immunological specificity, and furthermore suggest that there is a deletion of T cell clones with specificity for self. The activated effector cells were characterized as T blasts being relatively insensitive to treatment with anti-O serum plus complement. The precursors of the Con A activated effector cells were shown to reside primarily in the spleen, to be radio-resistant up to 400 R, and to be short-lived after adult thymectomy. Thus, the population of T cells capable of activation to cytotoxic effector lymphocytes by Con A has similar physical characteristics to the splenic subset(s) of T cells mediating both GVH and cytotoxicity responses upon alloimmunization. PMID- 58461 TI - T cell function in bone marrow chimeras: absence of host-reactive T cells and cooperation of helper T cells across allogeneic barriers. PMID- 58462 TI - Thymus derived killer cells: specificity of function, and antigen recognition. PMID- 58463 TI - Specificity of virus-immune effector T cells for H-2K or H-2D compatible interactions: implications for H-antigen diversity. PMID- 58465 TI - Axonal transport disturbances in the vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy. PMID- 58464 TI - Distinct histochemical subtypes of type I fibers of human skeletal muscle. PMID- 58466 TI - [Effect of a gestagen used for the induction of synchronous estrus and fertilization of cattle]. AB - The preparations Synchrosyn, Gestafortin, and Bovisynchron, having chlormadinonacetate as a common active ingredient, were used to induce synchronous estrus and fertilization in heifers. A total of 254 animals were involved belonging to the following breeds: Bulgarian Simmental, Bulgarian Red, Bulgarian Brown, and Black Pied. All three preparations were administered orally: Synchrosyn and Gestafortin were given with the forage at the rate of 10 mg chlormadinonacetate, and Bovisynchron was offered twice daily at an interval of 12 hours, rated 1 cu. cm each time, by means of a syringe (a daily dose of 20 mg clormadinonacetate). PMID- 58467 TI - [Level of viral antibodies in normal and specific swine and bovine gamma globulin preparations]. AB - Studied were 15 series of normal bovine gamma-globulin, 5 series of normal swine gamma-globulin, 7 series of Aujeszky gamma-globulin, 6 series of specific gamma globulin against edema disease of pigs, 4 series of specific gamma-globulin against paratyphus, 5 series of Mixoglobulin-70, and one series of swine poly globulin. All series of gamma-globulin preparations were studied for the presence of antibodies against Mixovirus parainfluenza-3 through the hemagglutinationinhibition reaction, antibodies against adenoviruses through the precipitation reaction in agar gel, and antibodies against the virus of Aujeszky's disease through the virus-neutralization reaction in tissue cultures. PMID- 58468 TI - Initiation of DNA synthesis by the avian oncornavirus RNA-directed DNA polymerase: structural and functional localization of the major species of primer RNA on the oncornavirus genome. PMID- 58469 TI - Neutralization of homologous and heterologous oncornaviruses by antisera against the p15(E) and gp71 polypeptides of Friend murine leukemia virus. PMID- 58470 TI - Purification and properties of murine mammary tumor virus DNA polymerase. PMID- 58471 TI - The shape of vesicular stomatitis virus. PMID- 58472 TI - On the study of Sendai virus hemolysis. I. Complete Sendai virus lacking in hemolytic activity. PMID- 58473 TI - On the study of Sendai virus hemolysis. II. Morphological study of envelop fusion and hemolysis. PMID- 58474 TI - [Aleutian disease of mink (author's transl)]. PMID- 58475 TI - [Potentials for the experimental immunological prevention of gunshot osteomyelitis]. PMID- 58476 TI - [Palliative radiation therapy of malignant tumor metastases to the bones]. AB - The results obtained in irradiation of 106 patients with metastases of different malignant tumors in the skeleton are reported. Radiotherapy was carried out on a distance gamma-apparatus by two fractions, with a single dose of 650 or 850 rad. As a result of the therapy, pains disappeared in 32 patients, and in 60 patients these were diminished considerably. A prompt therapeutic effect of the method, its simplicity and effectiveness (an opportunity to raise the capacity of the apparatus and clinic where a patient stays) made it possible to recommend it for practical purposes of palliative irradiation. PMID- 58477 TI - [Indicators of immunologic homeostasis in patients with collagen diseases]. PMID- 58478 TI - [Karyotypic analysis of human cell lines (CaVe and HeLa) by the method of differential staining of chromosomes]. AB - Karyological analysis of CaVe (human stomach cancer) and HeLa cell lines was carried out by means of differential Giemsa staining. In the CaVe cells 12 marker chromosomes were revealed, seven of them similar to those found in our HeLa cell strain. Four markers in our HeLa subline and seven in CaVe cells were similar to those of HeLa sublines described in literature. The authors have arrived at the conclusion that the CaVe line isolated in 1961 was contaminated and now represents a variant of HeLa cell line. PMID- 58479 TI - Causes of infant mortality. PMID- 58480 TI - [Arrhythmias in inflammatory heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - A review and discussion of the incidence and clinical importance of various cardiac arrhythmias in patients with inflammatory diseases of the heart is presented in this paper. PMID- 58481 TI - [Cystostatic drug sensitivity testing of primary cultures of human tumours (author's transl)]. AB - One to eight week-old primary tissue cultures of human tumours (1 rhabomysarcoma, 1 renal adenocarcinoma, 1 hymphogranuloma, 2 melanomas) and cultures of chicken embryo cells and HeLa-cells were tested for their sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. The drugs tested were: vincristine, actinomycin D, adriblastine, bleomycin. The drug effect was recorded by registration of morphological changes and, in some cultures by a change in the 3-H-thymidine incorporation. The cultures showed a variable reaction to vincristine, a good response to actinomycin D and adriblastine and were uniformly resistant to bleomycin. Two cultures were pulse labelled with 3-H-thymidine to obtain some data in regard to their growth characteristics. PMID- 58482 TI - [Therapy of acute myocardial infarct and its complications]. PMID- 58483 TI - [Lead level in taxi drivers as characterized by the urinary excretion of delta aminolevulinic acid. 1. Report on lead poisoning preventive measures in the Vienna area in various occupational and other groups]. PMID- 58484 TI - [Side effects of roentgen contrast media injections with and without antihistaminics]. PMID- 58485 TI - [Infectious diseases: monthly or four-weekly number of reported cases, 1974 and 1975]. PMID- 58486 TI - [Trends in mortality from cirrhosis of the liver, 1950-1971]. PMID- 58487 TI - [Infectious diseases: monthly or four-weekly number of reported cases, 1974 and 1975]. PMID- 58488 TI - [Lupus erythematosus visceralis in old age]. AB - In the world literature there are only a few reports about systemic lupus erythematosus in older and old patients (from 60 years upwards). In our group of 53 patients with definitive SLE we saw 4 patients (7.5 per cent) with first symptoms after the age of sixty. Specific organic symptoms do not differ from younger patients. But in the course of the disease we can often see pleuropulmonal ans rarely organic kidney symptoms. General symptoms (fatique, languidness, loss of appetite, temperature) are the same as in younger patients. In the 4 patients all laboratory and serological results were very active. Therapy can depress the activity; remissions are rare. In older and old patients SLE should be consideral in the differential diagnosis if the degree of activity is not so clear. In all suspicions we must investigate all important phenomena, especially LE-cells and antinuclear antibodies. PMID- 58489 TI - [Steatorrhea: pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects with special reference to the newest findings on the metabolism of bile acids]. PMID- 58490 TI - [Sensitivity of m. kansasii strains to various antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in vitro and in vivo (author's transl)]. AB - Sensitivity of 40 strains of M. kansasii (var. luciflava) to various antibiotics and chemotherapeutics in vitro and in vivo was examined. The strains showed considerable individual variability in their susceptibility in vitro, most were more resistant to isoniazid and PAS and about one half of the investigated strains to streptomycin, too, if correlated to "wild" strains of M. tuberculosis. Susceptibility to ethionamide, thiosemicarbazone (Conteben), viomycin, kanamycin and cycloserine appears to be the same as in the case of M. tuberculosis strains, but the resistance to pyrazinamide is higher. Good effect has been observed in vitro with rifampicin, ethambutol, capreomycin and phenazine derivative B 663. Oleandomycin and gentamycin are ineffectual in the dosages of drugs we used. The activity of most of these drugs was observed in experimental infections of white mice--in mono-therapy and in various combinations-provoked by different strains of M. kansasii. The main criterion of the effectivity of the treatment was the enumeration of viable mycobacterial units in the lungs of the mice in ten-days intervals; in one part of the experiments the histological examination of the various organs of the mice was performed. The drugs of the I. and II. line of antituberculotics were ineffective or showed only a slight effect. A very good effect of rifampicin, ethambutol and phenazine derivative B 663 in monotherapy and in multiply drug therapy was observed. PMID- 58491 TI - [Chemotherapeutic problems in surgically treated bronchial carcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - There is a report about experiences of a combined surgical and chemotherapeutical therapy with 765 resected patients who had suffered from a bronchial neoplasms. 80 patients had been radically resected and treated with chemotherapy. From 235 palliatively resected persons 124 received cyclophosphamid- or trenimon-therapy after the operation. The 5 years-survival rate of the radically resected persons arose from 50,9 to 58,9% by chemotherapy. In view of the palliatively resected patients the results of 5 years-survival got worse by adjuvant chemotherapy alone or in combination with radiation. But the 3 years-survival results show better relations than the patients without adjuvant therapy. Bronchial stump fistula and empyema as well as other postoperative complications didn't arise by chemotherapy. PMID- 58492 TI - [Polyadenylic acid sequences in different classes of RNA]. PMID- 58493 TI - [Information transfer in the biosphere and possible evolutionary significance of this process]. PMID- 58494 TI - [Serum concentration of alpha-1-fetoprotein in the disease course of Australia antigen positive and negative liver diseases]. PMID- 58495 TI - [T-lymphocytes, the TRH-test and the suppression test in thyreostatically treated hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 58496 TI - [Comparative studies on the behavior of thyroid hormone levels and TSH level in the TRH-test in the course of experimental and thyreostatically treated hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 58497 TI - [Cytogenesis of the "sea-blue histiocyte" and its significance in differential diagnosis]. PMID- 58498 TI - [Urbanization and mental health]. PMID- 58499 TI - [Immunochemical determination of alpha-fetoprotein in the dynamics of development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular cancer]. PMID- 58500 TI - [Protein spectrum of the blood serum in patients with defects of the throat and the cervical region of the esophagus following extirpation of the larynx]. PMID- 58501 TI - [Recent results of prostatic adenoma research]. PMID- 58502 TI - [Behavior of serum complement in pyelonephritis. Observations on pediatric patient material]. PMID- 58503 TI - [Electron microscopic investigations on encapsulated Staphylococci (author's transl)]. AB - Attempts were made to study the surface of encapsulated staphylococci by electron microscopy. After fixation with osmium tetroxide the encapsulated staphylococci showed a "hazy" cell-surface, possibly because of capsular components (Fig. 1). On the other hand, the nonencapsulated staphylococci exposed a "smooth" surface of the cell wall (Fig 1). Similar findings were obtained after the immuneferritintechnique (Fig 2). The staphylococcal capsules could be clearly demonstrated by the "negative contrasting" method with ferritin (Fig 3). The capsules did not significantly enlarge after reaction of the encapsulated staphylococci with their homologous antiserum. PMID- 58504 TI - Correction of the overhanging (or thickened) alar rim in unilatelar clefts by a marginal excision with a triangular flap. PMID- 58505 TI - Evaluation of results of operative treatment of hard portion secondary palate clefts with the application of lyophilized plates of xenogeneic cartilage. PMID- 58506 TI - Clinical and histological characteristics of late results of otoplasty using diced cadaver cartilage. PMID- 58507 TI - The application of gaseous ethyleneoxide for sterilization of tissue grafts, obtained without maintaining sterile conditions. PMID- 58508 TI - Transplantation of big bone-and-joint fragments in clinical practice--recent results and perspectives of further development. PMID- 58509 TI - Transplantation of tendons sterilized in formalin vapours and preserved in paraffin oil. PMID- 58510 TI - Dynamics of the skin temperature asymmetry and its prognostic value during the first day after replantation of extremities. PMID- 58512 TI - Cleft lip nasal deformities: a new technique for repair. PMID- 58511 TI - Influence of layer-by-layer plasty of skull and treatment with hydrocortisone on healing of meningo-cerebral injuries. PMID- 58513 TI - New method of ear lobe plasty using graft taken from lobe of healthy ear. PMID- 58514 TI - Facial prosthetics--an essential aid to plastic surgery. On the establishment of the centrally organized facial prosthetics service in Czechoslovakia. PMID- 58515 TI - Letter: Enterobius vermicularis larvae in vaginal smears. PMID- 58516 TI - Correlation of light and scanning electron microscopy a new method for exfoliative cytology. AB - A method for preparing locator slides for light and scanning electron microscopy has been developed. These slides make possible correlation of light and scanning electron microscopy of individual cells. Some examples of the value of this method are given. PMID- 58517 TI - Keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris. A morphological study on the relation to the epidermal sweat duct unit. AB - The palmar and plantar pits of keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris were examined histologically in both vertical and horizontal sections. Pits were located in the crista superficialis epidermis, especially in the orifice of the sweat duct, but no iodine-starch reaction was detected in pits by perspiration testing. In the center of a pit was a parakeratotic wedge, deflecting the squamous cell layers downwards. The sweat duct was found in this parakeratotic wedge, and was occasionally obstructed. PMID- 58518 TI - Auto-immune atrophic gastritis in patient with dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - Seventeen patients with dermatitis herpetiformis were tested for gastric hydrochloric acid secretion. Seven were found to be achlorhydric. Atrophic gastritis in these patients probably had an auto-immune pathogenesis, as judged by elevated serum gastrin level, high prevalence of antibodies against gastric parietal cells and antrum sparing of the gastric atrophy. This type of atrophic gastritis is considered to indicate a precursor state to pernicious anemia. PMID- 58519 TI - Cellular immunodeficiency in anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. AB - By using in vitro methods of patients with anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (AED) was shown to have depressed lymphocyte function when compared with a control group. IgE levels of the AED group were elevated above those of a control group at the p=0.01 level of significance. In vivo methods utilizing the application of DNCB demonstrated, in addition, decreased delayed hypersensitivity reactions in the anhidrotic patients. Thus there appears to be some degree of cellular immune hypofunction in patients with AED, all of whom have demonstrated at some time a lichenified dermatitis clinically indistinguishable from atopic dermatitis. PMID- 58520 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in chronic polymorphous light eruptions. Leukocyte migration inhibition assay with irradiated skin as antigen. AB - Homogenates of irradiated and non-irradiated skin from 16 patients with chronic polymorphous light eruptions (CPLE) were examined to detect possible light induced antigen to cell-mediated immunity. The leukocyte migration agarose tests which were performed disclosed no evidence of migration inhibition in either type of skin. These findings do not support the theory of CPLE being a delayed hypersensitivity reaction against an antigen formed in the skin by actinic radiation. PMID- 58521 TI - Chronic polymorphic light eruption. Particular wavebands and the effect of carotene therapy. AB - Forty patients with chronic polymorphic light eruption (CPLE) were tested with the Osram High Pressure Xenon (XBO 150 W) lamp. The tests were performed with unfiltered light, with the Schott WG320 filter for wavelengths above 320 nm and with Schott filters for 310 nm and 361 nm. Abnormal reactions, i.e. lowered MED, papular response or reactions to long wave UV light were observed in almost all patients. A papular response was obtained in more than 50%. With a Schott KG1 filter, which particularly reduces the amount of infrared radiation, there was a great reduction in number of responses. The effect of carotene therapy was evaluated in 17 patients. The therapy had a beneficial effect of low significance only in the case of unfiltered light and not for any particular waveband. Some patients showed clearly an increase in tolerance to sunlight, but this was not related to the plasma level of carotene. PMID- 58522 TI - Patch testing, tuberculin testing and sensitization with dinitrochlorobenzene and nitrosodimethylanilini of patients with atopic dermatitis. AB - Cell-mediated immunity was studied in patients with atopic dermatitis. 113 patients were patch tested with ten contact allergens. The frequency of positive reactions to patch testing with "common contact allergens" was found to be lower in patients with "high IgE values" than in those with IgE less than or equal to 1000 U/ml. A larger number of patients with severe dermatitis reacted negatively to PPD and were more difficult to sensitize with DNCB and NDMA as compared with the patients with mild dermatitis. The results of this investigation support the findings of earlier workers that patients with atopic dermatitis show disturbances in the cell-mediated immune system and these disturbances appear to be correlated to the degree of severity of the dermatitis. PMID- 58523 TI - Generalized pustular psoriasis. A report on thirteen patients. AB - Generalized pustular psoriasis shows a fluctuating pattern, its course varying with time and from patient to patient. The prognosis and results of treatment are therefore extremely difficult to assess. The patients in this series have been followed up by us with regard to the natural course of the illness including complications and precipitating factors. Oral drug therapy has suprisingly often provoked acute pustular eruptions, and these patients have also strikingly often and rapidly developed contact allergy to topical applications. The undesirable effects of long-term systemic corticosteroid therapy have been confirmed in this series, chiefly by severe rebound phenomena, notwithstanding that such treatment has proved the only means of rapidly reversing life-threatening states. The effects of methotrexate and hydroxyurea were at times good but, not uncommonly, mediocre and occasionally even useless. Large doses of antibiotics have also failed to achieve the results described by others. On the contrary, secondary infection with beta-hemolytic streptococci has caused serious problems in several cases. Apart from careful protection from infection and precipitating factors, little can be done to influence the course of generalized pustular psoriasis, but trial with cytostatics is justified during severe bouts, pending the appearance of new lines of therapy. PMID- 58524 TI - Werner's syndrome and malignancy. AB - Ten per cent of all patients with Werner's syndrome develop some form of malignant disease, half of them sarcomas. A case of Werner's syndrome is reported in which the patient had a malignant fibroxanthoma of the thigh followed by a papillary cystadenocarcinoma of the ovaries. A brother with clinical signs of Werner's syndrome died of acute leukaemia. PMID- 58526 TI - Cutaneous side effects of bleomycin therapy. AB - In a series of eight patients with malignant lesions treated with bleomycin, the morphology of the erythematous skin areas was studied in punch biopsies. The main changes were found in the squamous cells of the epidermis, varying from slight cell degeneration, to complete lysis. PMID- 58525 TI - Hereditary zinc deficiency (Adema disease) in cattle, an animal parallel to acrodermatitis enteropathica. AB - Adema disease and acrodermatitis enteropathica, two parallel syndromes in calves of Friesian descent and in man, are described. Both are congenital zinc deficiency disorders with a lethal course if left untreated. Complete recovery follows oral zinc therapy. Symptoms and findings are set out in Table I. Diseased calves may serve as animal models for further studies on acrodermatitis enteropathica and the biological role of zinc. PMID- 58527 TI - Thymidine labelling of epidermal melanocytes in UV-irradiated skin. AB - By using autoradiography and a technique of repeated 3H-thymidine injections, it was found that there is a normal turnover of epidermal melanocytes in C57BL mice, and that the numerical increase in the population of active melanocytes following repeated UV irradiation is essentially the result of cell division. PMID- 58528 TI - HL-A histocompatibility antigens and cutaneous reactions to practolol. PMID- 58529 TI - Pathogenesis and staging of scleroderma. AB - Scleroderma is reviewed as a complex disease of vascular, connective-tissue, and inflammatory reactions. If the scleroderma syndromes related to occupational, immunologic, inflammatory, metabolic, and genetic factors are recognized, then true progressive systemic scleroderma (PSS) appears to be a disease of vascular fibrosis with secondary inflammatory phases. The primary pathology appears to be a fibromucinous change of the vascular endothelium. The vessels also demonstrate altered reactivity to cold and to serotonin. Biopsy of the skin of the inflammatory or mesenchymal scleroderma may reveal (by positive direct immunofluorescence) deposition of globulins at the basement membrane zone. Evaluation of scleroderma is discussed and a system of clinical staging of PSS is proposed which relates the organ involvement to the prognosis. PMID- 58530 TI - Parallel studies on collagen hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in human skin biopsies. AB - Studies on hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, the two amino acids characteristic of collagen and related glycoproteins, were undertaken on biopsies of pathologic and clinically normal human skin. No statistically significant differences between clinically normal skin of mamma, thorax, axilla, femur, hip and sacral area were found. A decreased collagen content was seen in chronic pemphigus (bullous pemphigoid), amyloidosis, scleromyxedema and the edge of a leg ulcer. Determination of both amino acids is considered necessary to characterize alterations of collagen. PMID- 58531 TI - Cytolytic degeneration of keratinocytes adjacent to Langerhans cells in pityriasis rosea (Gibert). AB - Unique cytolytic degeneration of keratinocytes adjacent to Langerhans cells was observed in five cases of pityriasis rosea (Gilbert). In the cytolytic area, the normal keratinocyte structures were absent except for free ribosomes. In addition, a similar cytolytic part of a keratinocyte was enveloped by the elongated dendrites of the Langerhans cell and was detected within its cytoplasm. The significance of these findings is discussed with respect to anticytoplasmic antibodies in the sera of patients with pityriasis rosea. PMID- 58532 TI - Characterization of fluorescein isothiocyanate. II. Absorption and fluorescence after conjugation to human- and rabbit-gamma-globulin and bovine serum albumin. AB - The alteration of extinctions of both FITC isomers by coupling to bovine serum albumin, human, and rabbit-gamma-globulin were studied. The extinction coefficients of these FTC conjugates were established. The emission characteristics of the FITC isomers and their conjugates were investigated under conditions normaly used in fluorescence microscopy. FITC I was found as the most suitable marker for human- and rabbit-gamma-globulin. In contrast the fluorescence of FTC II-BSA conjugates is stronger than that of the corresponding FTC I-BSA conjugate. PMID- 58534 TI - UV Feulgen staining of DNA with Schiff reagents containing different transitional metal cations and iodine crystal. PMID- 58533 TI - Use of chellators in the electron microscopic detection of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase. AB - Even when using modified WACHSTEIN-MEISEL procedure for the detection of mitochondrial ATP-ase it is difficult to avoid the non-specific reaction. Separation of the artefact from the precipitate of citric hydrolysis can be carried out only with difficulty. 20 mM of penicillin G amine or 40 mM of ascorbic acid in the incubation solution leads to selective localization. Ascorbic acid can also be used in the form of a 0.2 M tris and 0.05 M ascorbic acid buffer. With the use of chellators it is possible to eliminate factors which under pathological conditions greatly favour the formation of the artefact. PMID- 58535 TI - [Zincporphyrin pigments in the botryoid tissue of Haemopis sanguisuga L. and their localization by diaminobenzidine-H2O2 reaction (author's transl)]. AB - From isolated botrydiosomes of Haemopis sanguisuga L. a pigment was extracted, separated by preparative paper chromatography and analysed chemically. Chromatographically the pigment was found to be composed of two fractions, which has been identified as zincporphyrin compounds, which are able to oxidize of diaminobenzidine in the presence of H2O2. As proved by ultrahistochemical method, the product of hte diaminobenzidine-H2O2 reaction is associated in the botryoid cells with the tubules foth of the endoplasmic reticulum and of botrydiosomes. The proboble functions of the zincporphyrins in the oxidizing processes are discussed. PMID- 58536 TI - Evidence for lysosomal matrix in the juxtaglomerular cell granules. AB - A systematic histochemical analysis of the matrix composition of juxtaglomerular cell granules was carried out. The behaviour of kidney lysosomes under similar conditions has been examined in parallel. The tubular protein droplets produced by the i.p. administration of egg albumen were chosen as lysosome-model. Identical pattern of histochemical reactions has been demonstrated both in kidney lysosomes and juxtaglomerular granules indicating the presence of separate lipoprotein and glycoprotein components. The ammoniated silver carbonate method for lysosomes was also positive in juxtaglomerular cell granules. These results support on a non-enzymatic basis the concept that secretory granules and lysosomes are evolutionary homologues. PMID- 58537 TI - [The ultrastructural localization and distribution of free cholesterol (3-beta hydroxisterol) in human cerebral tumours (author's transl)]. AB - According to the examination of the ultrastructure of the human gliomas and the ultrastructural localization of their free cholesterol, it can be established that the main part of the free cholesterol is present in the cells in a structural fixed form and that multiplication of the free cholesterol, occurring due to cell degeneration in the vacuoles and cysts, can be brought in connection with the disintegration of these structures. PMID- 58538 TI - PAS reaction performed on semithin epon sections following removal of the resin by NaOH in absolute ethanol. AB - Different results of PAS reaction performed on semithin sections of Epon-embedded tissues were obtained when the sections were exposed for various time intervals to saturated solution of NaOH in absolute ethanol, the reagent known to dissolve the resin and facilitate staining. In the untreated sections only glycogen revealed strong PAS reaction, most mucosubstances reacted weakly or not at all. After 1 to 5 min of NaOH in absolute ethanol treatment results observed were in accordance with those usually seen in paraffin sections. When, however, the time of Epon-dissolving procedure was longer than 10 min, most tissue structures demonstrated positive, largely diffuse staining. The mechanism of the observed effect and its significance for the application of PAS reaction to Epon sections are discussed. PMID- 58539 TI - Determination by means of electron microscopy of morphological criteria of value for classification of some spirochetes, in particular treponemes. PMID- 58540 TI - Effects of colchicine and vinblastine on axonal transport of choline acetyltransferase in rat sciatic nerve. AB - The effects of colchicine (0.5-10(-2) M) and vinblastine (10(-2)-10(-5) M) Upon axonal transport of choline acetyltranserase (CAT) and on nerve impulse conduction have been investigated in the rat sciatic nerve. High concentrations of colchicine (0.5 M) and vinblastine (10(-2) M) blocked completely both axonal transport of CAT and impulse conduction. 10(-3) M vinblastine did not affect impulse conduction until 20-22 h after injection, but this concentration of vinblastine did block CAT transport but not impulse conduction. 10(-2) M and 10( 1) M colchicine were without effect on impulse conduction, but did produce substantial, although incomplete, block of CAT transport. The results are discussed in relation to the possible involvement of microtubules in transport of CAT. PMID- 58541 TI - Purification and immunochemical characterization of alpha-fetoprotein from rat fetal serum and liver. AB - Two alpha1-globulin bands of fetal serum with relative mobilities against bromophenol blue of 0.55 and 0.58 on 7% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reacted with a monospecific rabbit antiserum to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). The former globulin band was clearly detected in the fetal liver supernatant. AFP was immunochemically purified from both the fetal serum and liver, and their electrophoretic and immunochemical properties were compared. Liver AFP purified by immunoadsorbent column yielded electrophoretic mobilities and relative amounts of the two electrophoretically distinct components identical with the purified serum AFP. The immunological reactivity of the two components of the purified preparations from serum and liver against the monospecific anti-AFP serum was also indistinguishable. After the removal of the sialic acid residues from purified serum and liver AFP by treatment with neuraminidase for 6 to 12 hr, disc electrophoretic patterns on 5% polyacrylamide gel and immunoelectrophoretic patterns of the treated AFP were found to be closely similar in both preparations. It may be possible to conclude that serum and liver AFP are structurally indistinguishable and probably identical. PMID- 58542 TI - Pre-beta1-lipoprotein and Lp(a) antigen in relation to triglyceride levels and insulin release following an oral glucose load in middle-aged males. AB - A series of 30 previously investigated and presumably healthy middle-aged males have been studied, following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The insulin mean value 120 min after the start of the OGTT was found to be significantly lower in persons possessing the pre-beta1-lipoprotein (pre-beta1 +) and Lp(a) antigen, than in those who were pre-beta1-/Lp(a-). At 60 min during the OGTT, triglyceride and insulin correlated significantly in pre-beta1-/Lp(a-) individuals, but not in pre-beta1 + or Lp (a+) individuals; on the other hand, insulin correlated significantly with blood glucose at this time in the pre-beta1 + and Lp(a+) individuals, but not in the pre-beta1-/Lp(a-). These findings may reflect an important biochemical difference between the two subpopulations. PMID- 58543 TI - Substrate specificity of the amino acyl adenylate activation sites of gramicidin S-synthetase (GSS). AB - An investigation was made of the intermolecular forces which determine substrate recognition and binding as well as of the topography and localized environment of the different binding sites of the substrate amino acids of gramicidin S synthetase (GSS) using substrate derivatives as molecular probes. It is demonstrated that among the aminoacyl adenylate binding sites of the heavy component of GSS the activation site of L-ornithine is distinguished by a relatively high substrate variability. The active centres of GSS are less restrictive for the activation of substrate analogues modified at the carboxyl group than for derivatives substituted at the alpha-amino group. PMID- 58544 TI - RNA-metabolism in Streptomyces hydrogenans. Effect of 20beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inducing dienediol on RNA-content and RNA-profile. AB - For the isolation of RNA and polysomes, logarithmically growing cells were disrupted by grinding with kieselgur. Other methods failed to produce undergraded m-RNA as shown by 10-50% sucrose gradient-centrifugation and electrophoresis in 2% mixed agarose-acrylamide gel columns. RNA was extracted by a modified phenol method or in presence of DEP. After the application of dienediol, the amount of acid precipitable RNA decreased by 20 to 50% in 20 min. Incorportation of precursors into RNA was much slower immediately after induction but increased during the next two hours. Three hours after induction there was no difference in the RNA-content of induced and control cultures. Degradation of stable as well as of unstable RNA was observed. Simultaneous addition of the inducer and rifamycin inhibited the production of 20beta-STDH suggesting the synthesis of special m RNA. The effects of some other antibiotics have also been studied. The existence of a specific m-RNA in the induced system was established from differences in the 3H/14C quotients of gel fractions in the region between light r-RNA and t-RNA. PMID- 58545 TI - Proceedings: A method for demonstrating nerve fibers into preparations. PMID- 58546 TI - Debate on congenital heart disease. PMID- 58547 TI - Debate on congenital heart disease. Con: early total repair is not always preferable to palliative surgery in congenital heart disease. AB - While early one-stage repair of congenital heart lesions can now be done with low operative mortality, there are reasons to believe that sometimes a palliative procedure, followed later by complete repair, has some advantages. Some of the drawbacks to early repair such as presumably be abolished as better valves are produced, and better understanding of cardiopulmonary bypass may reduce operative myocardial damage. However, problems related to the very small size of some outflow tracts and pulmonary arteries may not be so easily overcome. PMID- 58548 TI - Genetic transformation of animal cells with viral DNA of RNA tumor viruses. PMID- 58549 TI - Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase and its modification in sporulating and phage infected bacteria. AB - Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase holoenzyme consists of the subunits beta', beta, sigma, alpha, delta, and omega. In sporulating bacteria and in bacteria infected with phages SP01 and SP82, this enzyme undergoes changes in subunit composition and transcriptional specificity that could play a regulatory role in gene transcription. Sporulating bacteria may contain a specific component that inhibits the activity of the sigma subunit of polymerase probably by interfering with the binding of sigma-polypeptide to core enzyme. The hypothetical inhibitor may be metabolically unstable, since its activity is rapidly depleted from sporulating cells in the presence of chloramphenicol. Inhibition of sigma polypeptide activity may restrict the transcription of phage DNA an infected sporulating cells. Although lacking the sigma-subunit, RNA polymerase purified from sporulating cells contains sporulation-specific subunits of 85,000 and 27,000 daltons. In SP01-infected bacteria, the sigma-subunit is replaced by phage induced subunits. Purified enzyme containing the protein product of SP01 regulatory gene 28 directs the transcription of phage middle genes in vitro, while enzyme containing phage-induced polypeptides V and VI preferentially copies late genes. Accurate transcription of middle and late genes in vitro requires the host delta-subunit of polymerase (or high ionic strength) but not sigma-subunit. Phage PBS2 induces an entirely new multisubunit RNA polymerase that specifically transcribes PBS2 DNA in vitro. This enzyme is synthesized de novo after infection and does not arise by modification of the B. subtilis holoenzyme. PMID- 58550 TI - Evaluation of the permeability parameters (influx, efflux and volume of distribution) of arterial wall for LDL and other proteins. PMID- 58551 TI - [Introduction to audio-visual teaching in stomatology]. PMID- 58552 TI - Audio visual aids in the teaching of oral surgery. PMID- 58553 TI - [Audio-visual technics in the teaching of odontology and stomatology]. PMID- 58554 TI - [Audio-visual packages in stomatology education]. PMID- 58556 TI - Stress and the acute gastric mucosal lesion. PMID- 58558 TI - Lupus erythematosus latex tests compared with the immunofluorescence method for antinuclear factor. AB - Two commercially available lupus erythematosus (LE) latex tests were compared against positive antinuclear antibody (ANF) sera of known titers. The Lederle SLE Latex Test Kit was found to be more specific and relatively more sensitive, particulary with high ANF titers, than the Hyland LE Test Kit. The latex test is a rapid, simple method which, when positive, can be suggestive of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or other collagen disease. However, at present this test cannot replace the immunofluorescence method for detecting ANF. Where there is any clinical suggestion of SLE or a related condition, all negative results should be tested by immunofluorescence methods. PMID- 58557 TI - Variations in the susceptiblility of field and laboratory populations of Culex tarsalis to experimental infection with western equine encephalomyelitis virus. AB - Four field populations and four laboratory colonies of Culex tarsalis from California were evaluated for their susceptibility to infection with western equine encephalomyelitis (WEE) virus by intrathoracic inoculation and by feeding on pledgets soaked with a virus-blood-sucrose mixture. All mosquito strains were uniformly susceptible to infection by intrathoracic inoculation, but 50% infective doses for field and colonized strains varied as much as 1000- to 1500 fold, respectively, by pledget feeding. Moreover, dose-response curves obtained by pledget feeding revealed that some field and laboratory strains of C. tarsalis were quite heterogeneous for susceptibility since some individual females could be infected after ingestion of small concentrations of virus and others could not 0e infected by increasing the concentration of virus by 1000- to 10,000-fold. Variability in viral susceptibility of different mosquito strains could not be correlated with differences in autogeny rates or organophosphorus insecticede resistance. PMID- 58560 TI - The syndrome of autism: a critical review. AB - The authors review the clinical features and behavioral characteristics of autism; differential diagnosis of the syndrome; clinical, neurophysiological, and biochemical research; and its medical management and treatment. They conclude that autism is a behaviorally defined, specific syndrome that is manifested at birth or shortly thereafter. Its symptoms are expressive of an underlying neuropathophysiological process that affects developmental rate; modulation of perception; language, cognitive, and intellectual development; and the ability to relate. The long-term prognosis is guarded; almost all patients manifest severe symptomatology throughout their lives. Further basic research into the neuropathophysiological process underlying the syndrome is necessary in order to reach the ultimate goal of developing etiologically specific treatment programs. PMID- 58559 TI - Indomethacin and the corneal immune response. AB - To study the effect of treating rabbits with a locally administered noncorticosteroid anti-inflammatory drug, we gave 26 rabbits unilateral subconjunctival injections of 15 mg of indomethacin suspension daily for 16 days, starting one day before the intracorneal injection of the same eye with bovine gamma globulin. We graded the eyes clinically and killed groups of rabbits on postimmunization days 6, 9, 12, and 15. We determined the number of antibody forming cells in the homolateral cervical lymph nodes, corneas, and uveal tracts and tested the sera, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor for antibodies. Indomethacin-treated eyes showed significantly less inflammatory response, and an insignificantly greater number of antibody-forming cells, than the controls. PMID- 58561 TI - Management of surgical problems in patients on methadone maintenance. AB - One hundred patients on methadone maintenance admitted to our surgical service were analyzed. The average duration of prior narcotics abuse was ten years and was followed by an average of 2.2 years of methadone maintenance treatment. Sixty three patients were admitted on an emergency basis, half of these for trauma. Sixty-two patients underwent operative procedures. There were four deaths, none directly related to methadone use. Five patients were admitted for intestinal obstruction secondary to methadone ingestion. This disease entity results from fecal impaction which is induced by methadone's spastic effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Evidence of chronic liver disease was present in half the patients. The associated medical illnesses presented no problems with anesthesia. WHILE METHADONE MAINTENANCE WAS CONTINUED IN THE ACCUSTOMED DOSAGE, POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA WAS ACCOMPLISHED SATISFACTORILY WITH 5O TO 100 MG DOSES OF MEPERIDINE AT 3 HOUR INTERVALS, AS REQUIRED. PMID- 58562 TI - Impotence therapy and cancer of the prostate. AB - Prostate cancer developed in two male patients being treated with fluoxymesterone for erectile impotence. It is suggested that the current increased interest in and therapy for sexual dysfunction be accompanied by an awareness of a possible causal relationship between exogenous androgens and prostrate cancer. PMID- 58564 TI - Spectrophotometric determination of fluorophor, protein, and fluorophor/protein ratios in fluorescamine and MDPF fluorescent antibody conjugates. PMID- 58563 TI - [The influence of different plasma substitutes on blood clotting in isovolaemic haemodilution (author's transl)]. AB - In a clinical study, the influence of 6 per cent Dextran 60 and 6 per cent hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on blood clotting was measured in 2 comparable groups of surgical patients. Haematocrit, platelets, thromboplastin time according to Quick, partial thromboplastin time and fibrinogen level were determined before and after isovolaemic haemodilution, and subsequently during a period of 14 days. There was no significant difference between the diluents with regard to their effect on blood clotting. Changes within each group may be ascribed to the diluting effect of the plasma substitutes. PMID- 58565 TI - Isolation of two rat alpha-1-macroglobulin components by means of preparative isotachophoresis. PMID- 58566 TI - Preparation of protease-free neuraminidase by affinity adsorption on fetuin derivatized cellulose. PMID- 58567 TI - Removal of inhibitors of particulate reverse transcriptase in human milk. PMID- 58568 TI - Staining and destaining polyacrylamide gels: a comparison of coomassie blue and fast green protein dyes. PMID- 58569 TI - Enzymatic synthesis of 5-azacytidine 5'-triphosphate from 5-azacytidine. PMID- 58570 TI - Specialized junction in the distal convoluted tubule of rat kidney. AB - The ultrastructure and permeability of the apical junctions between epithelial cells of the distal nephron have been studied in rat kidney using a collidal lanthanum tracer and uranyl acetate staining en bloc. The apical intercellular junctions of the macula densa and juxtaglomerular segment of the early distal convoluted tubule measure up to 0.5 mu in length and about 50 A in width. Lanthanum permeates the occluding portion of these junctions in a discontinuous manner, defining a series of closely spaced and parallel lines of fusion that run in a direction perpendicular to the apical-basal axis of the tubular cells. The apical junctions of the remainder of the distal convoluted and cortical collecting tubules are impermeable bolanthanum. This distinctive apical tight junction can account for the greater permeability to ions of the early distal convoluted vs. late distal convoluted and cortical collecting tubules. PMID- 58571 TI - Non-specific passive desensitization XX: two important technical details. AB - For non-specific passive desensitization to be effective two steps are necessary: (1) dialyze concentrated gamma globulin precipitated from plasma or serum by ammonium sulfate and (2) allow time for complete recovery from the initial reaction to antigen aerosols before giving the desensitizing dose of gamma globulin. PMID- 58572 TI - Changes in serum concentration of phagocytosis-stimulating factor in experimentally induced bovine anaplasmosis: preliminary findings. AB - To determine whether correlation exists between serum concentration of phagocytosis-stimulating factor (PSF) and in vivo phagocytic activity, 2 splenectomized steers were inoculated with Anaplasma marginale, and their serum PSF concentrations were monitored. At the time of the anemic crisis, serum PSF concentrations were elevated five to tenfold. PMID- 58573 TI - Structure and innervation of the choledocho-duodenal junction. PMID- 58574 TI - Induction of tolerance in adult guinea-pigs by two antigen dosage levels and by antigenic competition. AB - The effect of prior injection of increasing doses of dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA) mixed in Freund's complete (FCA) or incomplete (IFA) adjuvants on the antibody response to a subsequent challenge with an optimal immunizing dose of DNP-BSA in FCA has been examined and compared with the effect of competition with the unrelated antigen bovine gamma-globulin (BGG). An unresponsive state was induced by pretreatments with either a minimal dose of antigen, a large antigen excess or a competitive mixture in FCA. The specificity of this unresponsiveness was ascertained by the normal response of pretreated animals to the unrelated antigen arsanilic-human albumin (ARS-HSA). Prior injection of either a minimal dose (0,2 mug), an antigen excess (20 mg) of DNP BSA or an optimal dose (20 mug) of DNP-BSA mixed with an excess of BGG, incorporated in IFA, also induced a specific tolerance to DNP-BSA. The former treatment induced a low zone tolerance whereas both later treatments induced a high zone tolerance. PMID- 58575 TI - Biology of isolated immunocytes. II. Simultaneous detection of cell surface Ig and theta-antigen by immunoperoxidase staining at the ultrastructural level. AB - Surface Ig and theta-antigen of lymphocytes collected on the bottom of Beem capsules were stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique to compare B and T cells at the ultrastructural level. To distinguish the two markers, the surface Ig was allowed to cap during the incubation with anti-Ig antiserum while the incubation with anti-theta alloantiserum was performed at 4 degrees to obtain a staining in a ring pattern. This method was applied to the study of lymphocytes from spleen, lymph nodes and thymus of normal mice. Lymphocytes forming rosettes with SRBC were also studied at different days after immunization with SRBC. PMID- 58577 TI - Tissue-specific antigens and autoantigens in the early developing rabbit male repoductive accessory glands. AB - A comparative study was undertaken dealing with the postnatal development of rabbit male accessory glands specific macromolecules with and without autoantigenic properties. The two types of macromolecules were investigated in male accessory glands from rabbits of different ages, fron newborn up to six months old. The results obtained by passive hemagglutination, inhibition of hemagglutination and immunodiffusion tests, show that both types of macromolecules rise to a sufficient amount to be detected at approximately 3 months of age. The possible mechanisms explaining the autoantigenicity or the lack of this property in the macromolecules under study are discussed. PMID- 58576 TI - Biology of isolate immunocytes. III. Fine immunocytological characterization of lymphoplasma cells. AB - A system for characterization of lymphoplasma cells based on ultrastructural, immunocytological and autoradiographic data is proposed. It is composed of six cell types and transitional forms. Any mouse lymphocyte can be classified within one of these forms and the lymphocytes of a lymphoid organ may be subdivided into populations of characteristic cells. The cell types are defined as follows: 1) the differentiated Ig lymphocytes which bear Ig at their surface, have a rough nuclear sap, a granular cytoplasm and often show mcrovilli at the cell surface; none of these lymphocytes incorporate thymidine and therefore this subpopulation can be considered as mature; 2) the differentiated plasmacytes have a well organized rough endoplasmic reticulum; differentiated plasmacytes are not 3H thymidine labelled and this subpopulation is mature; 3) the differentiated T lymphocytes with theta-antigen at their cell surface contain a smooth endoplasmic reticulum, a developed Golgi apparatus and lysophagosomes; the differentiated T lymphocytes show no 3H-thymidine labelling and this subpopulation is also mature; 4) in the large lymphocytes without surface Ig nor theta-antigen, chromatin aggregate are intermingled to the nuclear sap and a large nucleolus is present; this subpopulation of lymphocytes, a number of which show usually 3H-thymidine labelling, is immature; 5) the small lymphocytes without surface Ig nor theta antigen have a large nuclear cytoplasm ratio; like the large lymphocytes, this population is also immature, since a percentage of these cells usually incorporates thymidine; 6) small T lymphocytes are labelled by the theta-antigen marker; after antigenic stimulation some of them are found to incorporate thymidine. Transitional forms between two cell types are also observed. They are more numerous immunization. This system of cell characterization is an attempt to correlate structure with function of lymphocytes withing the T and B cell concept of experimental immunology. PMID- 58578 TI - [Bacterial fora of patients treated with bleomycin]. AB - Microflora of the pharynx, nose, sputum and excrements was investigated. It was found that bleomycin therapy may induce or aggravate the shifts in microbiocenosis of the pharynx and sputum in the direction of pathogenization (increase in the number of Staph. aureus, hemolytic streptococci, enterobacteria). A tendency to elimination of bifidobacteria and appearance of Proteus in the excrements was observed. Complications associated with the treatment are rarely of infectious origin. PMID- 58579 TI - [L-valine transport by the actinomycete Actinomyces species 26-115, the producer of actinomycin C]. AB - Transport of L-valine by Actinomyces species 26-115, an organism producing actinomycin C depended on L-valine concentration in the medium and temperature and required a source of intrinsic energy. Km for L-valine transport was 3.5.10( 6)--6.0.10(-6) M. It somewhat differed from experiment to experiment. The above system transported also other neutral amino acids. L-isoleucine was a competing inhibitor of L-valine transport. The transport of L-valine was stereospecific. The activity of the transport system was regulated by the intracellular content of L-valine. Probably because of this the amino acid transport depended on the culture age, so far as the level of free valine in the mycelium at various stages of development was different. PMID- 58580 TI - Intraoperative care during spinal cord stimulation. PMID- 58581 TI - Relation between skin tests, inhalation tests, and histamine release from leucocytes and IgE in house-dust mite allergy. AB - This study was concerned with the correlation between skin test, bronchial provocation test, and histamine release from leucocytes and the serum level of total and allergen-specific IgE in patients atopic to house-dust mite allergen (Dermatophagiodes pteronyssinus) as measured by an intracutaneous skin test. It is concluded that, assuming a positive provocation test to be evidence of allergy, estimation of the allergen-specific IgE concentration in the serum will not offer any major advantages over the intradermal skin test in determining the clinical significance of house-dust mite allergy. PMID- 58582 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the external surface coat of epidermal cells: alcian blue-lanthanum nitrate staining during wound healing. AB - The external surface coat on mouse epidermal cells has been studied during epidermal wound healing in suction-induced intact subepidermal blisters. By sequentially incorporating the cationic dye Alcian blue and the electron opaque tracer lanthanum nitrate into the primary and secondary fixatives for electron microscopy (AB/LN staining), we have demonstrated a selective staining of the epidermal surface coat. At 12 and 24 h after wounding, AB/LN staining always occurred on opposing cell membranes of adjacent epidermal cells. No staining was seen along epidermal cell plasmalemmas exposed to the blister cavity or opposite the basal lamina. The full significance of this differential AB/LN staining during wound healing is not presently known. It is suggested that the presumed anionic sites that are binding the AB/LN stain may play a role in maintaining integrity during wound healing. PMID- 58583 TI - [Morpho-physiological research on Schizomycetes. Morphogenesis and cytoarchitecture of the microbial colony. I: B. anthracis]. AB - The cytoarchitecture of B. anthracis can be easily studied in serial sections both at the light and at the electron microscope. The morphogenesis of the colony makes clear the peculiar structure of B. anthracis which seems essentially due to the chemical and physical characteristics of the cell envelopes and to the incomplete division of daughter cells. Other factors such as surface tension, humidity, mechanical obstacles and regressive phenomena, seem to be active, in B. anthracis, only since the third day. PMID- 58584 TI - [Antigenic relations between C. albicans and T. glabrata]. PMID- 58585 TI - [Presence of antigen SV40/T in the nuclear and cytoplasmic fraction of SV40- and PARA-transformed cells]. PMID- 58586 TI - Lidocaine and His bundle extrasystoles. His bundle discharge conducted with functional right of left bundle-branch block, or blocked entirely (concealed). AB - In this patient, discharge from the bundle of His either conducted normally, conducted with functional right or functional left bundle-branch block, or blocked entirely (concealed), depending on the preceding cycle length and the coupling interval of the premature His bundle depolarization. The presence of both functional right and left bundle-branch block may have been attributable to differences in effective and functional refractory periods between the two bundle branches. Concealed His bundle extrasystoles mimicked first-degree, and types I and II second-degree AV block, according to the interval between His bundle discharge and the subsequent P wave. Lidocaine eliminated His bundle extrasystoles that blocked entirely (concealed) or conducted with functional left bundle-branch block by improving His-Purkinje conduction and by lengthening the coupling interval of the premature His bundle extrasystole. Lidocaine had no effect on AV nodal conduction time. This patient has been known to have concealed His bundle discharge for at least three years and has not required permanent pacemaker insertion. PMID- 58587 TI - Effect of development of Artemia salina embryos on Poly(U) translation by isolated ribosomal subunits. PMID- 58588 TI - The primary structure of tRNA Phe from Bacillus stearothermophilus and its analogy with other tRNA's from different origins. PMID- 58589 TI - [Application of microcalorimetry to enzyme kinetic studies]. PMID- 58590 TI - Lysosome overloading and dysfunction induced by streptomycin in cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 58591 TI - [Separation of viral proteins on ECTEOLA-cellulose chromatography]. PMID- 58592 TI - [Specific poliovirus proteins in infected Hela cells]. PMID- 58593 TI - A new radioactive assay for purified AMP-aminohydrolase. Its application to the physiological regulation of the liver enzyme. PMID- 58594 TI - A general method for the isolation of non-sense suppressor strains in gram negative bacteria. PMID- 58595 TI - Ionic requirements for the inhibition of liver glycogen synthetase phosphatase by phosphorylase a. PMID- 58596 TI - [Lipid composition of bovine thyroid. V. Lipophilic component of neutral glycolipids]. PMID- 58597 TI - Possibilities for transferring phage Mu into most gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 58598 TI - Alkaline phosphatase: presence and behaviour in human diploid fibroblasts. PMID- 58600 TI - [Effect of thyrotropic hormone on the metabolism of iodine by dog thyroid cells in tissue culture]. PMID- 58599 TI - Formation of alpha-amylase and endogenous gibberellins in cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris. PMID- 58601 TI - Gastric control of duodenal electric activity--the function of the gastroduodenal junction. AB - An investigation was made into the links between electric activity of antral and of duodeno-jejunal musculature in different functional conditions. The function of the gastroduodenal junction in this linking mechanism was analysed. The following observations were made: (a) in the absence of gastric stimulation, the slow electric activities of stomach and duodenum appear to be completely independent; (b) the gastroduodenal junction evidences no electric activity of its own but is affected by that of the two adjacent structures; (c) chemical stimulation of the gastric mucosa causes activation of the electric and mechanical activity of the stomach and analogous activation of duodenal musculature; this effect is mediated by the gastroduodenal junction; (d) very probably, the transmission of gastric activation to the duodenum is myogenic for it ceases after surgical transection but not after cooling or after ligature. The possible functional role of the pyloric junction in the complex gastroduodenal mechanism is discussed. PMID- 58602 TI - Permeability properties of the frog skin at various degrees of edge damage. PMID- 58603 TI - High degree of conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the mesenteric circulation of the isolated perfused terminal ileum of the cat. AB - Conversion of AI to AII has been studied in the mesenteric circulation of the isolated perfused cat terminal ileum. Infusion of AI through the mesenteric circulation induced a significantly potentiated response when the venous return was superfused over the rat colon and the rabbit aortic strip. Addition of converting-enzyme inhibitor, SQ 20881 to the perfusion medium competitively prevented the potentiation of AI on the assay organs without altering its direct effects. The percent conversion of AI to AII was found to be 68 in the mesenteric circulation. In contrast, infusion of AII through the mesenteric circulation has lost about 40% of its biological activity as measured on the same assay organs. SQ 20881 abolished the inactivation of AII in the mesenteric circulation. It is concluded that the mesenteric circulation of the isolated perfused cat terminal ileum is one of the major conversion areas of AI to AII. SQ 20881 prevented the conversion of AI to AII as well as abolishing the inhibition of AII passing through the mesenteric circulation. PMID- 58604 TI - Removal of olfactory bulbs in rats of different ages: repercussion on some metabolic constants. AB - The object of this investigation is to study effects of bulbectomy on female rats operated on at 15 and 30 days of age (prepubescent), 50 days (pubescent) and 120 days (adult), with respect to various parameters: these comprise corporal weight, liver weight, blood sugar, liver glycogen, glucose tolerance test and serum free fatty acid. Results were as follows. Body weight: in all groups this was significantly less than in controls except for rats operated on at adult age. Liver weight: (% of body weight) decreases in all groups, but significantly only in animals operated on when 15 days old. Blood sugar: significantly lessened in rats operated on when 30 and 120 days old. Liver glycogen: lessens in rats operated on at 30 and 120 days of age, but significantly only in the former. Glucose tolerance test: the coefficient k is found to increase in rats operated on at 15, 30 and 120 days of age; there is a significant increase in the first two groups. Serum free fatty acids: no marked alterations in any of the groups. PMID- 58605 TI - Influence of cations, sialic acid and pH on the expansion of films of canine lung surfactant. AB - Sialic acid (14.6 mug/mg protein) was quantitated in the non-cellular material removed from the lung of Beagle dogs by lavage. Sialic acid did not affect the dynamic surface tension properties of either the total alveolar lipid removed by lavage or of its major lipids, dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPL) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl glycerol (DPG). The presence of divalent cation (Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+) or a lowered pH in the subphase medium lowered the surface tension during the expansion phase of the total alveolar lipid film when it was compressed and expanded on a Wilhelmy trough. Films of DPL behaved similarly, but no pH effect was observed with DPG monolayers. The cation effect manifested itself in the same direction as the value of the individual stability constants (Zn2+ greater than Mn2+ greater than Mg2+ greater than Ca2+) which suggests ionic binding of the cations to the phosphate group of the phospholipids. A physiological advantage of such an effect may lie in the conservation of the energetically favorable low surface tension state achieved during film compression with a minimum of surfactant lipid. PMID- 58606 TI - Particulate cytochrome c in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. AB - In Agrobacterium tumefaciens the main part of c-type cytochromes is tightly bound to the bacterial cell envelope structures. Several techniques were attempted to solubilize these cytochromes. The highest yield of cytochromes released is obtained by treatment of particle suspensions with 5% Triton X-100. Further purification confirms that the proteins are not really solubilized, but still aggregated in small heterogeneous complexes. Chromatography on a CM-cellulose column demonstrates that at least three different c-type cytochromes are present: cyt c-550, cyt c-552 and cyt c-556. PMID- 58607 TI - Anaerobic metabolism of the common cockle, Cardium edule. I.--The utilization of glycogen and accumulation of multiple end products. AB - 1. Concentrations of glycogen and of key metabolites have been measured in Cardium edule during aerobic and anaerobic incubation. 2. After 15 hours of anoxia only a slight carbohydrate consumption was found in the whole animal, whereas a decrease in glycogen level seemed evident in the separated adductor muscle. 3. The main end products of the anaerobic carbohydrate breakdown are succinate and alanine which account for 40% and 30% respectively of all accumulated compounds. 4. The concentrations of L-lactate and octopine also increase after 15 hours anaerobic condition, but both are only of minor importance as end products. 5. Propionate is not detectable in the control groups, but accumulates a little during anaerobiosis. The two possible reasons for this low production have been discussed. PMID- 58608 TI - Lipolytic activity of rat plasma and muscular exercise. PMID- 58609 TI - [Nutritional needs of adult Drosophila: influence of lecithins and of choline chloride on the fecundity, the fertility and the size of ova]. AB - The lecithin or choline chloride deficiency, in Drosophila, results in an important decrease of the number of eggs produced, hatching and egg size. However, the ovogenesis is not completely stopped, even after 15 days. This effects seem caused by the choline deficiency. When used under the chloride form, choline has no toxic effect even at a rate as high as 3 g/litre. However, the lecithin has toxic effects for amounts up to 4 g/litre. In the adults, the optimal concentration could be about 2 g/litre for the lecithin and 300 mg/litre for the cholin chloride. PMID- 58610 TI - Degradation of benzylpenicillin by the exocellular DD-carboxypeptidase transpeptidase from Streptomyces R 61. PMID- 58611 TI - Structure and function of RNA replicase of bacteriophage Qbeta. AB - (1) The RNA replicase induced by bacteriophage Qbeta consists of four non identical subunits designated as alpha (mol. wt. 74000), beta (mol. wt. 64000), gamma (mol. wt. 47000) and delta (mol. wt. 33000), only one (subunit beta) of which is specified by the phage genome. (2) Subunit alpha (30 S ribosomal protein "S1" as well as translational interference factor "i") is required only for (+) strand-directed RNA synthesis in the presence of the host factor. (3) Qbeta replicase lacking subunit alpha (R-alpha) is capable of replicating templates other than (+) strand, such as (--), "6S" RNA, poly(C) etc., in the absence of the host factor. (4) Subunit beta is suggested to be the nucleotide-polymerizing enzyme, but is unable to initiate RNA synthesis by itself. (5) Subunits gamma and delta are identical to the protein synthesis elongation factors, EF-Tu and EF-Ts, respectively, and are required only for initiation of RNA synthesis, but not for elongation. (6) A model of Qbeta replicase is presented in order to discuss observed template-enzyme interactions. PMID- 58612 TI - [Composition of lipids and proteins of two compounds isolated from infected mice: mouse mammary tumor virus and milk fat globule membrane]. PMID- 58613 TI - The specific binding of radioiodinated vasoactive intestinal octacosapeptide (VIP) on isolated pancreatic acinar cells from the guinea pig. PMID- 58614 TI - The importance of calcium for the regulation of cyclic guanosine 3': 5' monophosphate levels by pancreozymin, carbamoylcholine and ionophore A-23187 in isolated pancreatic acinar cells. PMID- 58615 TI - [Three transport permeases of glutamic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: specificity and regulation]. PMID- 58616 TI - Biochemical and ultrastructural study of leucocytes in type II glycogenosis. PMID- 58617 TI - [A highly sensitive spectrophotometric method for the detection of small concentrations of chlorophyll b in the presence of high concentrations of chlorophyll a]. PMID- 58618 TI - Preliminary studies on the site of primary action of light during de-etiolation processes of Phaseolus seedlings. PMID- 58619 TI - Proteolytic activity in Ciona intestinalis, associated with hatching. PMID- 58620 TI - Effects of somatostatin on pancreatic exocrine function. Interaction with secretin. PMID- 58621 TI - [Mechanism of the labilization of subcellular organelles by inorganic mercury (HgCl2) in vitro]. PMID- 58622 TI - Reaction of beta-lactoglobulin A and B with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3 diazole. PMID- 58623 TI - [Primary structure of fragment B of diphtheria toxin: peptides obtained by cleavage by cyanogen bromide]. PMID- 58624 TI - Oestrogen-related changes in uterine and vaginal cAMP and cGMP. PMID- 58625 TI - [Localization on the Shigella flexneri F6S chromosome of a rfa gene implicated in the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall lipopolysaccharide]. PMID- 58626 TI - Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: specificity of the aminoacylation reaction for aminoacid and tRNA. PMID- 58627 TI - Studies of the complex between transfer RNA molecules and complementary anticodons: kinetic and thermodynamic aspects. PMID- 58628 TI - [Receptor sites for phages specific for R mutants of Shigella flexneri]. PMID- 58629 TI - Identification by immunoprecipitation of human placental lactogen synthesized in vitro. PMID- 58630 TI - Purification of the Agrobacterium radiobacter 84 agrocin. PMID- 58631 TI - Germicidal activity of a polyenzymic system on pathogenic protozoa in vitro. PMID- 58632 TI - A ziram-resistant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with modified glycerokinase activity. PMID- 58633 TI - [Solubilization of a viro-specific RNA polymerase activity by treatment with detergents from extracts of barley leaves infected by brome mosaic virus]. PMID- 58634 TI - Extension of host-range for coliphage BF23 to include Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 58635 TI - Shortening of Escherichia coli F-prime F110 by deletion of plasmid-borne chromosomal DNA. PMID- 58636 TI - Pressure-induced dissociation of ribosomes isolated from Artemia salina observed by light scattering. PMID- 58637 TI - [Tritiation of ribonuclease by exchange with gaseous tritium produced by an electric charge]. PMID- 58638 TI - [Polyelectrolytic behavior of saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA in a mixed aqueous organic environment]. PMID- 58639 TI - A possible experimental model to test the hypothesis of the integration of V- and C- genes in the synthesis of an immunoglobulin chain. PMID- 58640 TI - Biochemical and morphological characterization of hepatoma cells during the cell cycle. PMID- 58641 TI - [Fumarase in chickens. VIII. Kinetics of enzyme activity in high concentrations of L-malate]. PMID- 58642 TI - Effects of bombesin and litorin on the rat exocrine pancreas: comparison with caerulein, carbamoylcholine and secretin. PMID- 58643 TI - Purification and antigenic characterization of plasma membrane from hepatoma cells in culture (HTC cells). PMID- 58644 TI - Intracellular fate of plasma membrane antigens during endocytosis. PMID- 58645 TI - Messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes in cryptobiotic embryos of Artemia salina. PMID- 58646 TI - Morphogenesis in Myxococcus xanthus and Myxococcus virescens Myxobacterales. AB - 1. Myxococcus xanthus B and M. virescens V2 were compared with a view to establishing the control of their morphogenetic cycles. Both organisms are typical myxococci and on solid media with low concentrations of nutrient they form fruiting bodies, within which vegetative cells convert to myxospores. Ultrathin sections of vegetative M. virescens resembled those of M. xanthus and contained prominent heavily stained bodies, presumed to be polyphosphate granules. Shadowed preparations showed fimbriae associated with M. xanthus but not with M. virescens. 2. M. xanthus B converted to myxospores in liquid medium in response to certain alcohols. M. virescens V2 produced phase-refractile spheres, which were not viable and had an unusual ultrastructure. 3. The distributions of fruiting bodies on solid media containing 0.02% Casitone were recorded for the two species and were compared with a Poisson distribution. Cells responded to differences in cell density in a manner suggestive of a response to a chemotactic attractant. Cells growing vegetatively and also cells forming fruiting bodies produced 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) as measured by the incorporation of exogeneous [3H] adenosine into cAMP. 4. The significance of these findings for theories of fruiting body formation are discussed. PMID- 58647 TI - Superoxide dismutase from Mycobacterium species, strain Takeo. AB - Superoxide dismutase from Mycobacterium species, strain Takeo, has been purified to homogeneity as judged by disc gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The enzyme was found to have a molecular weight of approximately 61 500 by sedimentation equilibrium and to contain manganese by atomic absorption and electron spin resonance spectra. The amino acid composition was also determined. The enzyme was considerably stable to the treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate; unless incubating at 80 degrees C for 2 min, it was not completely dissociated into the subunits. The molecular weight of the subunit was found to be approximately 21 000. Antibodies against the superoxide dismutase were produced by immunization of rabbits with the enzyme, and the gamma-globulin fraction was purified. Superoxide dismutase preparations obtained from various species of mycobacteria and nocardia cross-reacted to different degrees with these antibodies on the Ouchterlony double diffusion plates. Comparative immunological studies indicated that strain Takeo might be most closely related to Myobacterium smegmatis among species of mycobacteria and nocardia tested. The antibodies against superoxide dismutase may be used as a valuable tool for the classification of mycobacteria. PMID- 58648 TI - [Whipple disease. An immunologic and electron microscopy study (author's transl)]. PMID- 58649 TI - Types of reaction in the regional lymph nodes in non-metastatic and minute metastatic carcinoma of the uterine cervix. AB - The authors studied tissue reactions in the regional lymph nodes of 68 patients with an invasive cancer of the uterine cervix at stage I and II of neoplastic disease. Two basic types of the lymph nodes reactions have been distinguished. In the first type of changes a reactive hyperplasia of sinusoidal histiocytosis predominated, as well as distinct activation of lymphocyte production within the follicles and numerous aggregates of plasmacytoid cells within the medullary cords. The second type of reaction was characterised by fibroplastic reaction causing constriction and block of capsular lymphatic and blood vessels, the pseudotransformation into hemolymph node and hematoxyphilic atrophy of lymphoreticular tissue. The authors' observations indicate that in case with the predominance of the second type reaction within regional lymph nodes arise favourable conditions for the production of distant metastases. PMID- 58650 TI - A Jungian commentary on Epstein's case wet-shoe fetish. PMID- 58651 TI - Antithymocyte globulin in renal transplant recipients. Report of a prospective randomized controlled trial. AB - Horse antihuman thymocyte globulin (HAHTG) combined with prednisone and azathioprine (lmuran) was used as immunosuppressive therapy in a randomized controlled sutdy in 50 renal allograft recipients. Side effects of HAHTG administration given intravenously were mostly mild. In the treated group, four patients out of 26 died of infectious complications, whereas in the control group, three patients out of 24 died of infectious complications (chi2 = .01,P greater than .05). The graft survival at 18 months was ten of 24 in the control group and ten of 26 in the treated group (chi2 = 1.26, P greater than .05). Cumulative graft survival was 58.3% in the control group and 38.1% in the treated group at 18 months. However, if we consider the people who died with a functioning graft not as graft failure but as if they left the study, then the cumulative graft survival is 64.5% in the control group and 65.9% in the treated group. Thus, the mortality from infective causes and graft survival were not significantly different between the two groups. Hence, we draw the conclusion that use of HAHTG did not exert a beneficial effect on the ultimate outcome. PMID- 58652 TI - Relation between common antigen and membrane antigens associated with Marek's disease herpesvirus and turkey herpesvirus infections. AB - The appearance of two kinds of membrane antigen (MA) in Marek's disease herpesvirus (MDHV) or herpesvirus of turkey (HVT) infected cells was examined using antiserum to the common antigen (common-Ag). No early-appearing MA(EMA) was detected in these cultures until 16 hours post-inoculation, after which a number of cells in these cultures had late-appearing membrane antigen (LMA) as detected by immunofluorescence (IF). Fluids from cultures infected with these viruses were examined for the presence of the common-Ag by agar-gel precipitation (AGP) test. No common-Ag was detected until 16 hours, but after 24 hours, it was detected by AGP test. These results suggest that the common-Ag is related to LMA but not to EMA. PMID- 58653 TI - Estrogen receptors: markers of hormonal dependence of breast cancer. PMID- 58654 TI - [Cholestatic liver lesions of alcoholic etiology (a morphologic study)]. AB - Results of histological, histochemical and electron-microscopy studies of puncture-biopsy specimens of the liver of 25 patients with alcoholic hepatitis are discussed. It is shown that acute alcoholic hepatitis develops, develops, as a rule against the background of steatosis and hepatocirrhosis as a result of the previous chronic consumption of alcohol. Lesions of the liver in this disease are of cholestatic character, which was due to the impairment of the metabolism of lipids, cholesterol and biliary acids under the effect of ethanol. The microscopic picture of alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by the presence of Mallory hyalin, intracellular congestion of the bile and predominance of neutrophilic leukocytes in the cell infiltrate. The characteristics make it possible to differentiate alcoholic hepatitis from viral one. PMID- 58655 TI - A reappraisal of sudan black staining of enamel matrix in the mouse molar. PMID- 58656 TI - Progressive combined amyloid-elastic stain. AB - A progressive staining technique is described that will permit demonstration of elastic structures and amyloid deposits in the same section. It is satisfactory for animal as well as human tissues, and for both pericollagen and perirecticulin types of amyloidosis. PMID- 58657 TI - Proceedings: Education in pathology (report of panel discussion). PMID- 58658 TI - [Estrus synchronization in cattle by means of chlormadinone acetate ("Bovisynchron" Jenapharm) in the tropics. II. First results of the estrus synchronization of cattle with "Bovisynchron" at the Republic of Mali]. AB - The first experiments are reported on oestrus synchronization in cattle in the Republic of Mali. The animals recieved Bovisynchron twice a day orally over a period of 15 days. The synchronization effect was marked; insemination was performed on the 5th and 6th day p.s. The intensity of the oestrus and especially the results of pregnancy are in close relationship to the breeding conditions and the general status of the animals. The oestrus synchronization is considered a favourable biotechnical method for regulating the reproduction provided that the animals are kept stationary or temporarily stationary. PMID- 58659 TI - Developmental changes in gangliosides during myogenesis of a rat myoblast cell line and its drug resistant variants. PMID- 58660 TI - Methisoprinol enhancement of nucleocytoplasmic transport of putative messenger RNA in rat liver. its relation to host defense against virus infection. PMID- 58661 TI - Transposition of great arteries. Early results of Mustard's operation in paediatric patients. AB - Between May 1969 and June 1975, 43 patients with d-transposition of the great arteries, ranging in age from 2 months to 13 years (mean 19 months), underwent surgical correction. In the first 3 patients Mustard's original method was followed. Later a modified procedure was performed using a Teflon patch. Forty two of the 43 patients had previously had 50 various palliative procedures, of which 30 were balloon atrial septostomy only. Five patients died in hospital (up to 5 weeks after operation). Of the 32 patients with simple repair of transposition of the great arteries (including 3 with ligation of a persistent ductus arteriosus), 3 died. One patient died as a result of complete AV block, one as a result of renal damage associated with unrelieved coarctation of the aorta, and one of cerebral infarction and peritonitis which probably were initiated preoperatively. Six patients who had additional surgery for pulmonary stenosis survived, including 3 patients who had closure of ventricur septal defect, including 2 who had debanding of the pulmonary artery, 2 died in a low cardiac output state. One infant operated on for subpulmonary stenosis developed permanent complete AV block and was successfully treated with a pacemaker. All the patients with combined operations had some problems postoperatively. The survivors improved greatly, but 2 patients died suddenly one, and one and a half years after the operation respectively. PMID- 58662 TI - Bipolar catheter electrograms for study of retrograde atrial activation pattern in patients without pre-excitation syndromes. AB - The sequence of retrograde atrial activation of premature ventricular beats was studied in 12 patients without pre-excitation syndrome. Forward and retrograde AV nodal conduction times were within normal limits. The septal low right atrial (LRA2) deflection was inscribed 25 to 55 ms (ave: 37.9 ms) before the low left atrial (LLA2) electrogram and 35 to 75 ms (ave: 53.7 ms) ahead of the high right atrial (HRA2) deflection. LLA2 preceded HRA2 in 8 patients, more or less coincided with HRA2 in 3 cases, and was inscribed 10 ms ahead in 1 patient. In all cases a decrease in the coupling (St1-St2) interval resulted in a proportional increase of the septal LRA1-LRA2, LLA1-LLA2, and HRA1-HRA2 intervals. Atrial echoes occurring in 3 cases had a sequence of arrival of excitation at the recording sites which was similar to the ones shown by the same patients during ventricular pacing. This is in keeping with the existence of an upper common pathway located above the area where functional longitudinal dissociation occurred. Thus, it is concluded that impulses emerging from the AV node in a retrograde direction reach the septal low right atrium before they activate the explored low left atrial sites, regardless as to whether they arise in the ventricles or in the atria. PMID- 58663 TI - Hepatitis-B surface antigen and antibody in Bantu patients with primary hepatocellular cancer. AB - Hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) was found in the serum of 58 of 158 (36-4%) southern African Bantu patients with primary hepatocellular cancer by counter immunoelectrophoresis and in 94 (59-5%) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The prevalence of this antigen in the general Bantu population using these methods was 7% and 9% respectively. Antibody against HBsAg was detected in 11-6% of the patients by passive haemagglutination (PH) and 13-4% by RIA, and in 33-4% (by PH) of a control population. Antibody sub-types were predominantly "adw" (69-2%) with a lesser frequency of "ayw" (23%), while 7-8% were indeterminate. The corresponding figures in the controls were 80-4, 8-4 and 11-2%. HBsAg was more common in younger patients. No relationship could be demonstrated between hepatitis-B antigenaemia and the presence of alpha-foetoprotein in high concentration, although there were far fewer patients in the alpha-foetoprotein-negative group. PMID- 58664 TI - Release of histamine from lung tissue in vitro by dimethylhydantoin-formaldehyde resin and polyvinylpyrrolidone. PMID- 58665 TI - Blood lead and erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase levels in Manchester taxi drivers. AB - Among 40 Manchester taxi drivers the mean blood lead was 1.10 mumol/1 (22.8 mug per 100 ml). The mean erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity among 34 of them was 30.1 units. No significant association was found between the blood lead levels and erythrocyte ALAD activity in these 34 men. No significant association was found between either blood lead elvels or erythrocyte ALAD activity and duration of service or weekly mileage as a taxi driver or with drinking or smoking habits, or age. The mean blood lead of those with homes in the north east quadrant of the city was higher than of those living elsewhere but the difference was not statistically significant. Although there was no correlation between blood lead levels and the source of domestic water, the mean blood lead of those with lead domestic plumbing was appreciably higher than the level of those with copper plumbing. There was no indication that, by virtue of their occupation, the taxi drivers were liable to greater lead absorption than their fellow-citizens. PMID- 58666 TI - Probability analysis of the interaction of antibodies with multideterminant antigens in radioimmunoassay: application to the amino terminus of the beta chain of hemoglobin S. AB - A simple theory, based on probability, is developed for the analysis of the interaction of multideterminant antigens with multispecific antisera in radioimmunoassays. The theory is completely general except for the assumptions that the determinants be unique and bind antibodies independently of one another. The analysis shows that the shape of the curve of bound/free as a function of the antigen concentration is very sensitive to the multiplicity of determinants. The predictive ability of the theory is illustrated for the case of antibodies to subregions of the N-terminal third of the beta chain of sickle hemoglobin, studied using antisera fractionated on affinity chromatographic columns of synthetic peptides. The implications for obtaining quantitative binding data by radioimmunoassay for natural antigens, which almost universally have more than one antigenic determinant on the same molecule, are discussed. PMID- 58667 TI - Characteristics of the macrophage uptake of proteinase-alpha-macroglobulin complexes. AB - Complexes formed between labelled proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, subtilopeptidase A) and the alpha-macroglobulins of plasma are rapidly and selectively taken up by rabbit alveolar macrophages. The uptake occurs over a narrow zone of pH. Kinetics of the uptake is affected by temperature; in particular, incubation of macrophages at 37 degrees C before the addition of the labelled complex reduces the capacity to take up complexes. EDTA prevents the association of labelled complexes with macrophages, and can dissociate previously bound label. The effect of EDTA is reversed by the addition of calcium or magnesium or both. Iodoacetamide does not prevent the uptake of complexes but causes them to remain available for dissociation from the cells by EDTA. Incubation of complexes with macrophages at 37 degrees C with no iodoacetamide results in the appearance of trichloroacetic acid soluble products of the enzyme in the supernatant fluid. These observations indicate that the selective uptake of proteinase-alpha macroglubin complexes by rabbit alveolar macrophages can be resolved into three phases: (1) membrane binding which depends upon divalent cations and is pH sensitive, (2) endocytosis inhibitable by iodoacetamide and (3) temperature dependent hydrolysis of the contained labelled enzyme. PMID- 58668 TI - Demonstration of 8 S-cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor in rat mullerian duct. AB - 1. High affinity macromolecular binding of the non-steroidal synthetic oestrogen [3H]diethylstilboestrol and of [3H] oestradiol-17beta in cytosol of Mullerian duct and uterus, and in blood plasma of perinatal rats, was investigated by sucrose density gradient sedimentation. 2. While [3H] oestradiol was bound to both the characteristic 8 S uterine cytoplasmic receptor and a 4 S component of uterine cytosol and plasma of 11-day-old rats, [3H] diethylstilboestrol was bound almost exclusively by the 8 S cytoplasmic receptor. 3. The greatly reduced binding of [3H] diethylstilboestrol to the 4 S plasma plasmic receptor in the Mullerian duct (precursor of the uterus) of 20-day-old foetuses. PMID- 58669 TI - A comparative evaluation of methods for isolation of RNA-directed DNA polymerase from cells in a reconstituted system. AB - We have compared the relative merits of several procedures for the isolation of RNA-directed DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7.) from cells using a reconsituted model system consisting of a mixture of woolly monkey (simian) sarcoma virus and a cultured human lymphoblastoid cell line, NC-37. When the cell-virus mixture was gently disrupted and fractionated by differential centrifugation, most of the added polymerase was recovered associated with a particulate fraction obtained from the post-mitochondrial supernatant. Purification of the polymerase was best achieved starting from this fraction. The particulate fraction itself can be purified by gel filtration through a Sepharose 2 B column. This procedure did not significantly alter the composition of viral and cellular DNA polymerases. Whereas as little as 7.5 - 10(5) viral particles were sufficient for the detection of RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity, a minimum of about 10(11) particles were necessary for the isolation and unequivocal characterization of the enzyme from the cell-virus mixture by subcellular fractionation and chromatographic separation from cellular DNA polymerases. Purified RNA-directed DNA polymerase had the same primer-template characteristics, sedimentation properties, and immunological cross reactivity as the enzyme purified from density gradient-banded virions of simian sarcoma virus. Methods involving total extraction of the cell-virus mixture either by repeated freezing and thawing followed by detergent treatment or by Dounce homogenization and treatment with high salt and detergent failed to provide RNA-directed DNA polymerase free of cellular DNA polymerases. Because of this, low levels of cellular RNA-directed DNA polymerase may be missed when these approaches are used. PMID- 58670 TI - Properties of human neutral bronchial mucins after modification of the peptide or the carbohydrate moieties. AB - Trypsin and pronase treatment of purified human neutral bronchial mucins released small fragments from the C-terminal end of these molecules and resulted in slight increases in their sedimentation coefficient presumably reflecting conformational changes. The antigenic determinant of neutral bronchial mucins which appears to be located on this C-terminal fragment is destroyed by pronase or by treatments such as periodate oxidation or galactose oxidase-bromine oxidation which modify the carbohydrate moieties. Thus, both amino acid and carbohydrate residues are involved in the structure of the antigenic determinant. PMID- 58671 TI - [Identification of Macheboeuf protein as alpha-lipoprotein]. PMID- 58673 TI - [An immunochemical study of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase]. AB - Immunochemical study of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from rat skeletal muscle was done using antibodies, raised in rabbit. One molecule of the enzyme binds three antibody molecules at the equivalence point and eight molecules at full saturation of the antibody binding sites. Modification of SH groups of the dehydrogenase with pCMB, as well as ADP-induced inactivation of the enzyme do not cause any alterations in the quantitative precipitation curve. This suggests that antigenic determinants and the active site are situated in different loci on the enzyme molecule. A quantitative relationship between the dehydrogenase concentration and the percentage decrease of its catalytic activity in the presence of antibody excess are established, and a mechanism of apparent inhibition in the insoluble immune complex is proposed. PMID- 58672 TI - [Change in lipid-protein interactions in the membranes of bacteria exposed to gramicidin S]. AB - Effect of cyclopeptide antibiotic gramicidin S on some enzymes and physical state of isolated Micrococcus lysodeikticus membranes is studied. Malate and lactate dehydrogenases were monotonously inhibited under the increase of gramicidin S concentration, while the activity of NADH-dehydrogenase firstly decreased and then reversed to the initial level under further increase of gramicidin S concentration. The oxygen uptake under oxidation of NADH and malate with membranes almost completely inhibited by the antibiotic, while the activity of ascorbate-TMPD-oxidase activity slightly inhibited by the same concentration of gramicidin. The addition of Triton X-100 completely eliminated the inhibitory effect of gramicidin on malate dehydrogenase. The introduction into the membrane of spine probes (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-palmitoylamidopiperidine-1-oxile and 2(14 carboxytetradecyl)-2-ethyl-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxyazolidinyloxile) revealed that gramicidin caused the condensation of membrane lipid component. It is suggested that ionic interaction of gramicidin S with membrane phospholipids brings to "a freezing" of lipids which is a direct cause of impairing the activity of membrane respiration enzymes and the change of their position in the lipid matrix, thus inhibiting energy-producing processes in cell. PMID- 58674 TI - TEPA--A marker for use in evaluating fertilizing ability of rabbit spermatozoa in competitive fertilization. PMID- 58675 TI - The distribution of collagenous connective tissue in rat ovarian follicles. PMID- 58676 TI - Suppression of shear-induced hemolysis by three plasma proteins. AB - Hemolysis was induced in erythrocyte suspensions by shearing between rotating metal disks 10 cm in diameter at 325 rev/min; stresses did not exceed 100 dynes/cm2. The role of proteins (gamma-globulin, G; albumin, A; fibrinogen, F) in the environment was tested in two ways. First, disks were precoated by exposure to protein solutions of physiologic concentration and then used to hemolyze the suspensions. Tests carried to 10(4) sec showed protective effects, relative to shearing with virgin disks, with a ranking G greater than A greater than F. Second, proteins were dissolved in the suspension media and hemolysis compared to the case without protein. Large suppression of hemolysis was found during storage (G approximately A greater than F) but only G offered significant protection against shear. PMID- 58677 TI - A simple analog computer model of ventricular depolarization. PMID- 58678 TI - Mechanisms of immunodepression induced by viruses: possible role of infected macrophages. AB - Some oncogenic and non-oncogenic viruses induce an immunodepression in their host by decreasing either humoral responses, cellular responses, or both. The mechanism of this immunodepression is still largely unknown, but it is generally agreed that there is a defect in the proliferative potential of lumphocytes in the infected host. Most of the viruses known to induce immunodepression appear to infect host macrophages. Failure of infected macrophages to provide a "proliferation signal" to lymphocytes, and/or destruction of lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs by toxic factors released by infected macrophages could be important mechanisms of immunodepression by viruses. PMID- 58679 TI - Endogenous C-type viruses: double agents in natural life processes. AB - C-type RNA viruses have been described in about 20 different vertebrate species. Their presence in man is suggested by electron microscopic, biochemical and serologic studies, although a definite re;icating human virus has not yet been isolated. These viruses are inherited through the germ cell and their production is regulated by genetic information carried in the host cell (i.e. endogenous virus). Two classes of endogenous C-type viruses have been recognized in certain animals particularly the mouse: ecotropic and xenotropic. They may have their counterparts in man. Ecotropic viruses spread through the host and can be easily transmitted to cells of the same species; they can produce malignancy. Xenotropic viruses cannot infect cells from their host species but are infectious for cells from heterologous species. The interaction between xenotropic and ecotropic viruses could lead to the transfer among species of genetic information relating to normal life processes and malignancy. These C-type viruses may play a role in evolution, normal development and differentiation as well as autoimmune disease and cancer. PMID- 58680 TI - [Change in the fractional composition of thrombocytic proteins during experimental acute radiation sickness]. AB - Thrombocytic proteins of healthy and irradiated rats were divided into 13 fractions by anode electrophoresis in the polyacrylamide gel. In rats with acute radiation sickness there was a reduction in the content of thrombocytic proteins with an electrophoretic mobility corresponding to the prealbumin, albumin, gamma globulin and fibrinogen; an increase in the protein content with the mobility corresponding to the alpha- and beta-globulins was seen. PMID- 58681 TI - [Detection of neoplastic cells in the bloodstream]. AB - A study was made of the efficacy of trypan blue, acridine orange, tetracycline and oxytetracycline for detection of tumour cells injected into the blood stream of rats. The cells were identified in the mesenteric microvessels by intravital microscopy. Fluorescence of fluorochromized cells was observed in the blue-violet (lambda max = 400 nm) and ultra-violet (lambda max = 365 nm) irradiation of the fluorescent lamp and in the laser irradiation (lambda = 337 nm). The cells stained with acridine orange had a higher fluorescence intensity and a more distinct structure than those labelled with tetracyclines. Identification of cells with trypan blue was more difficult. The fluorescent method of determination is rather simple and permits to indentify tumour cells directly in the blood stream. PMID- 58682 TI - [Results of a 4-year of alpha-fetoprotein in Vietnam (1969--1973)]. AB - ALPHA-Fetoprotein (alpha-FP) was revealed by the method of double diffusion in gel in 66% of hepatocellular carcinoma cases, but the frequency of findings both in hepatoma and in other diseases increased when electroimmunodiffusion (a more sensitive method) was used. Results of quantitative determination of alpha-FP in the patients after ligation of the hepatic artery pointed to reduction of its content in the blood serum, this confirming the value of its determination for prognosis. PMID- 58683 TI - [Immunofluorescent study of antibodies to streptococcus group A polysaccharides in connective tissue sections]. AB - Purified antibodies against a specific determinant of group A streptococcal polysaccharide were obtained. These antibodies were investigated by the immunofluorescent method on tissue sections of the heart and heart valves. No cross-reactions between group A streptococcal polysaccharide and mammalian connective tissue were revealed. PMID- 58685 TI - What's a toothcase? PMID- 58684 TI - [Antigen-specific lysis in vitro of lymph node cells of intact mice injected with RNA from viable lymph node cells of immunized animals]. AB - Supernatant fluid obtained after centrifugation of the suspension of viable lymph node cells of immunized animals proved to induce in vivo in the lymph node cells of intact mice sensitivity to lysis with a specific antigen in vitro. This property was possessed after chromatography of the supernatant fluid on Sephadex G-200 by the 3rd fraction (MW about 30000 dalton). DNA-ase, trypsin or deproteinization failed to influence whereas RNA-ase inactivated this fraction in respect to the inducing properties. PMID- 58686 TI - The giant jaw. PMID- 58687 TI - Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport systems by phosvel and some environmental conversion products. PMID- 58688 TI - Axonal transport - I. Diffusion. PMID- 58689 TI - Axonal transport - II. Convection. PMID- 58690 TI - Physical facilities of medical school libraries in the United States, 1966-1975: a statistical review. AB - This paper, based on information received from a questionnaire to which 107 of the present 114 medical school libraries in the U.S. responded, shows the vast growth and expansion of such libraries. The 86 libraries which have been built, expanded, under construction of planned during 1966-1975 represent the greatest expansion in the history of medical school libraries. This "decade of revolution" can be attributed to the evergrowing resources, primary users, and services discussed in this paper. The survey results can also be useful to those institutions planning or remodelling such library facilities in the near future. PMID- 58691 TI - Selecting for health sciences library collections when budgets falter. AB - The economic plight of the 1970s often limits the librarian, who should be the final selector, to insufficient funds for acquiring essential publications. The librarian, in addition to making every effort to acquire the best possible collection, must provide access from other libraries, within and outside one's parent institution, to materials not acquired; for this purpose, an effective document delivery network has proved more significant than formal plans for shared acquisitions. Too much is published, but the choices become more manageable with selection criteria that include limiting subject scope and keeping within the English language. In regard to journals, new titles should be added only reluctantly; cancellation lists compiled with the help of selective lists, the librarians' judgment, and users' responses; and newsletters and state journals pruned to a mimimum. As to books, selective lists should be consulted; congress proceedings generally ignored; and reprinted collections, multiple copies, and gifts considered with care. Book reviews are more useful selection aids now that lack of funds causes delays in purchasing than when new titles were acquired promptly with less discrimination. Audiovisual media, although widely pushed, do not replace printed materials, are not of central importance to many faculties, are expensive, and thus comprise a bandwagon which the impoverished library cannot afford to board without extra funding. The less money there is, the more need for a librarian's selection skills. PMID- 58692 TI - TALON--the first five years. AB - The South Central Regional Medical Library Program, Region IX in the national network of medical libraries, was one of the last to be organized and funded. The particular makeup of this organization has permitted a good deal of flexibility in the identification and implementation of various types of network services and activities. The following is a brief account of some of these network functions during the first five years relating the successes and failures in network strategies and describing the further evolution of programs and refinement of a regional plan which will advance network services. PMID- 58693 TI - A computer-generated catalog of audiovisuals. AB - A computer-generated catalog of nonprint media is described. Examples are given of four access points to the data base: (1) main entry, (2) title, (3) MeSH terms, and (4) broad subject categories. The data input procedure is summarized. The AV catalog as the basis for a union list is evaluated, and finally, the catalog in relation to certain local problems is discussed. PMID- 58694 TI - A retrieval system for biomedical slides using MeSH. PMID- 58696 TI - [Effects of the electric current on the fundamental processes of stimulation in the heart]. AB - On the basis of experimental studies on isolated preparations from different regions of the heart and on perfused hearts of animals, it was possible to distinguish at least four basic actions of an electric current: 1. the release of excitations, 2. with continuous current, an electro-tonic influence on the pacemaker activity in the sense of a cathodic advancement, or an anodic inhibition 3. with alternating current, stimulation of the vegetative nerves of the heart, 4. a direct, reversible damage of the membrane by the current. Depending on the conditions of the action of the current (nature of current, current density, period of action, moment of start of action, etc.) the basic actions can lead to difference influencing of the heart functioning. Excitation, occurrence of fibrillation and defibrillation are due to stimulation. Heart stoppage may be the expression of vagus stimulation or a direct damage to the membrane. The occurrence of these effects is discussed for each case. PMID- 58695 TI - Viral hepatitis in United States soldiers stationed in Korea, 1967-1970: prophylactic efficacy of gamma globulin. PMID- 58697 TI - Dendro-dendritic contacts between frog motoneurons shown with the cobalt labeling technique. PMID- 58699 TI - A preliminary report on cobalt sulphide staining of locust visual interneurons through extracellular ellectrodes. PMID- 58698 TI - Inhibition and stimulation of rapid axonal transport in vitro by sulfhydryl blockers. AB - The effects of sulfhydryl blocking agents have been studied on the rapid axonal transport in vitro of [3H]leucine-labelled proteins in the frog sciatic nerve. The transport was inhibited in the presence of low concentrations of N ethylmaleimide (NEM) (greater than or equal to 10(-5) M), p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid (PCMBS) (greater than 10(-5) M) or ions of heavy metals, Cd2+ (greater than or equal to 5 X 10(-5) M), Hg2+ (greater than or equal to 5 X 10( 6) M) and Cu2+(greater than or equal to 10(-4) M). Both the amount and the rate of transported radioactivity were reduced. Transport inhibiting concentrations of these agents also inhibited the binding of colchicine in rat brain or frog nerve supernatants. The amount of transported proteins was increased at an unchanged transport rate by a very low concentration of NEM (10(-6) M), PCMBS (10(-6) M) and Cd2+ (10(-6)M), which did not affect the binding of colchicine. The present results suggest that stimulation of axonal transport can be achieved through an interaction with sulfhydryl groups. PMID- 58700 TI - The significance of retrograde axonal transport for the accumulation of systemically administered nerve growth factor (NGF) in the rat superior cervical ganglion. AB - The present study has shown that after intravenous injection of [125I]NGF the time-course of appearance of radioactivity in all organs studied with the exception of sympathetic and sensory ganglia, roughly paralleled that of the blood. The highest levels were reached immediately after injection, after which the radioactivity decayed rapidly within the firsh hour. By contrast, in the superior cervical ganglion there was a small but significant increase within the first hour. After this the radioactivity remained constant for about 4 h and then increased dramatically (7-fold) when the radioactivity in other tissues had declined to very low levels. Measuring the proportion of radioactivity in the plasma which represents immunologically active NGF, we found that within 30 min after injection all the radioactivity represented unchanged [125I]NGF. After this time the proportion of immunologically active NGF decreased gradually and reached a final level of about 10-15%. Evidence that the radioactivity accumulated in the superior cervical ganglion by retrograde axonal transport represents unchanged [125I]NGF was provided by gel electrophoresis. The results are interpreted as follows: the initial small increase in the sympathetic ganglia may result either from [125I]NGF taken up by short collateral fibres within the ganglion or from a direct accumulation of blood-borne [125I]NGF by the cell bodies of the adrenergic neurones. The dramatic increase occurring after 4 h is caused by the moiety of [125I]NGF reaching the cell body by retrograde axonal transport. This interpretation is supported by autoradiographic studies which showed that 1 h after [125I]NGF injection there was only very sparse labelling of the ganglion, whereas 24 h later virtually all the cell bodies were heavily labelled. Moreover, it could be shown that the lag period between intravenous injection and subsequent accumulation of [125I]NGF in the adrenergic cell bodies was considerably shorter after transection of the postganglionic fibres distal to the cell body [the transected fibres were allowed to regenerate for 7 days] resulting in a reduction of the distance between the site of uptake and accumulation. PMID- 58701 TI - Transneuronal transport in the frog visual system. PMID- 58702 TI - [Development of C cells of the thyroid gland of the rat under an antithyroidian treatment inducing gamma tumors]. AB - In the normal ageing rat is observed a progressive hyperplasia of the C cells. In the rat treated by an antithyroideal drug, the hyperplasia is much more important than in normal. It already appears during the treatment and grows up after its stop. This observation means that the C cells hyperplasia, which reaches later to gamma tumors production, is not due to the TSH oversecreted under the antithyroideal drug influence. PMID- 58703 TI - Intracellular distribution of alpha-fetoprotein and albumin messenger RNAs in developing mouse liver. AB - Intracellular distribution of active mRNAs for alpha-fetoprotein (alphaFP) and albumin in fetal and adult mouse liver was studied. Livers were fractionated into nucleus and cytoplasm. The latter was further fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation into four subfractions, the top fraction containing soluble components, the 1.0 M sucrose layer containing primarily 80S ribosomes, the 1.5 M sucrose layer containing light polysomes and the pellets containing heavy polysomes. RNA was extracted from each fraction and its ability to direct the synthesis of alphaFP and albumin was determined in a mouse sarcoma 180 cell free system. Distribution of alphaFP and albumin mRNAs in fetal mouse liver was similar; 2% in the nucleus, 98% in the cytoplasm, of which more than 90% was found in the polysome fractions. The results suggest that alphaFP and albumin mRNAs, once formed, are quickly and efficiently utilized for protein synthesis. The major proportion of albumin mRNA in adult mouse liver was also found to be associated with polysomes. However, the amount of translatable alphaFP mRNA was low in all subcellular fractions examined, suggesting that transcription or processing of alphaFP mRNA is defective in adult mouse liver. PMID- 58704 TI - Arrangement of morphological subunits in bacterial spinae. AB - The filament, that is helically arranged to form the bacterial spina, is composed of morphological subunits (oligomers) about 5.6 nm in width and 11 nm in length. The oligomers are asymmetrical in that the inner surface is grooved. Image analysis of negative-stained spinae ribbons indicates that the oligomers are paired, possibly beaded structures, the arrangement of which is easily distorted during preparation. In intact spinae, the oligomer orientation may be normal to the filament axis, but in collapsed freeze-etched spinae, the oligomers are inclined at a constant angle of about 72 degrees to the filament axis. PMID- 58706 TI - Characterization of Streptococcus bovis bacteriophages. AB - About 25 Streptococcus bovis bacteriophages were isolated from abattoir wastes, bovine rumen fluid, and lysogenic strains of S. bovis. Eight phages were selected and characterized by morphology, stability, rate of adsorption, single-step growth curve, serum neutralization, and antigenic relationship. Two distinct morphological phage types were found, one of which has not been previously reported for group D streptococci. PMID- 58705 TI - [A RNA extract from oncogenic and non oncogenic strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is an indispensable element for the induction of tumors in Datura stramomium]. AB - An RNA bound to the reverse transcriptase of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been isolated and shown to be oncogenic for stem tissues of Datura stramonium grown under axenic conditions. The tumorous nature of the cellular change induced by the infectious rna was demonstrated by serial grafts of tumors on Datura stems and by cultivation of tumorous tissue in vitro on a medium without supplemental auxins and cytokinins. Active cellular proliferation within tissues of Datura stems was a prerequisite for expression of the oncogenic potential of the RNA. Further, infectious RNA was isolated from avirulent and attenuated strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens including attenuated derivatives of strain AC58 which have been "heat-cured" of the plasmid associated with virulence. It is proposed that the infectious RNA is an essential but not the sole component of the tumor inducing mechanism of the crown-gall bacterium. PMID- 58707 TI - Characterization of a temperature-sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that undergoes uncontrolled protein synthesis. AB - A mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, DW137, isolated after treatment of a wild type strain with ICR-170. The mutant was respiration-deficient and showed abnormal cell division when grown at 30 degrees C. In addition, the mutant was temperature-sensitive and underwent lysis when grown at 37 degrees C. Random spore analysis, induced reversion profiles, and complementation analysis indicated that the abnormal phenotypes were under the control of a single recessive mutation caused by a base-pair substitution in a nuclear gene. Macromolecular analysis of the mutant at permissive and restrictive temperatures showed that at restrictive temperatures the mutant cannot synthesize DNA. Surprisingly, at restrictive temperatures, protein synthesis in the mutant continued at a rate greater than that observed at permissive temperatures. Cell death and lysis of the mutant could be prevented by treatment of cultures with cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis. The data suggest that the abnormally high rate of protein synthesis and the inability to synthesize DNA are jointly responsible for death of the cells, and most probably play and integrating role in the incipient cell lysis. PMID- 58708 TI - The problem of caring for the dying in a general hospital; the palliative care unit as a possible solution. AB - The general hospital as a setting for terminal care has disturbing deficiencies: particularly, the medical, emotional and spiritual needs of the patients and their families are generally neglected. Consideration of the options for improving the situation led to the opening of the palliative care unit (PCU) at the Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, which is staffed by an interdisciplinary team with a positive and creative attitude to death and bereavement. The palliative care service comprises three areas of care -- the PCU itself, a domiciliary service and a consultative service -- as well as research, teaching and administrative functions. PMID- 58709 TI - Use of the Brompton mixture in treating the chronic pain of malignant disease. AB - Physical, psychological, financial, interpersonal and spiritual factors all modify the appreciation of chronic pain. The Brompton mixture is a highly effective, flexible, safe and convenient means of controlling the chronic pain of malignant disease. The mixture is a solution containing morphine; the dose of narcotic can be varied with the need for analgesia. It is given regularly, usually every 4 hours, with a phenothiazine, the main aims of therapy being prevention of pain rather than treatment, an unclouded sensorium and a normal affect. PMID- 58711 TI - Palliative care: it's the quality of life remaining that matters. PMID- 58710 TI - The Brompton mixture: effects on pain in cancer patients. AB - Terminally ill cancer patients were given the Brompton mixture and a phenothiazine in an attempt to control their pain. The mixture was administered to patients in three hospital environments: a palliative care unit (PCU), general wards and private rooms. Pain was measured in 92 patients with the McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire. The Brompton mixture controlled pain in 90% of patients in the PCU and in 75% to 80% of patients in the wards or private rooms. The differences in pain scores between the PCU patients and the other groups were significant. The mixture produced substantial decreases in the three major dimensions of pain: sensory, affective and evaluative. Comparison of these results with data obtained in an outpatient pain clinic showed that the Brompton mixture was strikingly more effective than the traditional methods of managing cancer pain. PMID- 58712 TI - Terminal care: towards an ideal. PMID- 58713 TI - Presence of blood group H antigen on a carcinoembryonic antigen, and its enzymatic modification into blood group A and B specificities. AB - A carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA-M) was purified from a hepatic metastasis obtained from a blood group O patient with cancer of the rectum. Using 125I labeled carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and blood group antisera, H specificity has been found on the CEA-M. As the addition of anti-H to anti-CEA does not modify the extent of binding of labeled CEA-M to its antibodies (86%), the H and CEA determinants are carried by the same molecule. The affinity chromatography of CEA-M on an immunosorbent "anti-H-Sepharose" demonstrated that a proportion of CEA-M molecules might bear both H and CEA antigenic determinants. In addition, glycosyltransferases were used to modify the blood group H specificity into blood group A or B specificities. PMID- 58714 TI - Temporary interruption of regional blood flow combined with local hyperthermia for cancer chemotherapy. AB - A striking chemotherapeutically curative effect on tumor was obtained by means of temporary interruption of regional blood flow combined with local hyperthermia. By analyzing various basic conditions required for this system using Ehrlich tumor implanted in the hind limbs of mice, the following were found to be essentially indispensable to obtain satisfactory chemotherapeutic effects: (a) a time interval of 1 to 3 min after systemic i.v. administration of drug to the mice, (b) use of a tourniquet on the tumor-bearing mouse limb to stop blood flow, and (c) warming at 37-41 degrees (d) for a period of at least 30 to 60 min. Among the chemotherapeutic drugs tested in the present study, Carbazilquinone (NSC 134679) was the most effective because it revealed the strongest antitumor effect despite its relative innocuousness to nontumorous adjacent normal tissues. Applying the present method, a large syngeneic mouse sarcoma transplanted to the limb 7 days before the experiment also completely regressed in 6 of 9 mice. PMID- 58715 TI - Differential mechanisms of increased alpha 1-fetoprotein production in rats following carbon tetrachloride injury and partial hepatectomy. AB - Possible differences in the mechanisms of increased alpha1-fetoprotein (AFP) production following carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication and partial hepatectomy were studied with 5-week-old rats at the time of sacrifice. The maximum level of serum AFP reached in 4 days after a single dose of CCl4 was much higher than that after partial hepatectomy, although the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into liver DNA increased nearly to the same extent by either of these treatments. In the remnant after partial hepatectomy, the DNA synthesis that was further accelerated by treatment with a lower dose of thioacetamide was not associated with any further increases of serum AFP levels. However, CCl4 given to partially hepatectomized rats had an additive effect on increased AFP levels. The increases of serum AFP concentrations in CCl4-injured rats had an additive effect on increased AFP levels. The increases of serum AFP concentrations in CCl4-injured rats were depressed by Mitomycin C given in vivo, whereas the increases in partially hepatectomized rats were not. Treatment with 8 azaguanine inhibited both increase of serum AFP levels, although the inhibition was much less or was insignificant in partially hepatectomized rats. These results suggest that existence of different underlying mechanisms of the increased AFP production for the two experimental conditions. PMID- 58716 TI - Reversibility and irreversibility of liver tumors in mice induced by the alpha isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane. AB - The characteristics of liver tumors in mice induced by the alpha isomer of 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha-BHC), were studied with emphasis on their reversibility of irreversibility. Male 8-week-old DDY mice were fed basal diet supplemented with 500 ppm of alpha-BHC for 16, 20, 24, and 36 weeks and then were fed basal diet without alpha-BHC for 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, or 36 weeks. At various intervals, 13 to 20 mice were killed for light and electron microscopic observations. The incidences of liver tumors in mice induced by alpha-BHC increased progressively on continuous administration of alpha-BHC, but when its administration was discontinued some tumors disappeared. Histologically, after alpha-BHC administration for 24 weeks, most tumors were nodular hyperplasias, and there were only a few well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas. However, 60 or 72 weeks after the beginning of the experiment, most of the liver tumors were hepatocellular carcinomas and there were only a few nodular hyperplasias. At a later stage, 60 or 72 weeks, the liver parenchymal tissue in nontumorous areas was essentially normal, but small foci were occasionally seen in nontumorous areas that were composed of remaining hyperplastic nodular cells, phagocytic cells, Kupffer cells, and leukocytes. These findings suggest that the reversible tumors were usually nodular hyperplasias whereas the irreversible tumors were hepatocellular carcinomas. After alpha-BHC administration was stopped, many mesenchymal cells infiltrated the nodular hyperplastic lesions, and degenerated liver cells were found. These observations indicate that mesenchymal cell elements may be important in reversing the growth of liver tumors induced by alpha-BHC. PMID- 58717 TI - Intracellular distribution of (14C)bleomycin and the cytokinetic effects of bleomycin in the mouse tumor. AB - The differential effects (BLM) on cycling and noncycling cells were investigated with a mouse ascites tumor in vivo. An i.p. injection of 37.0 or 111.1 mug BLM per g caused a decrease in tumor cell number but an increase in percentage of tumor cells in mitosis. There are no significant differences between the percentage labeled mitoses at various times after pulse labeling by tritiated thymidine of BLM-treated tumor cells and by that of an untreated control, except that the height of the second peak was significantly lower in the treated cells. Hence BLM may be cell cycle nonspecific, and the BLM-induced decrease in cell number, i.p., may stimulate some nondividing cells to reenter the division cycle. However, the fact that percentage of cells in mitosis versus time after the administration of BLM showed two peaks indicates the possibility that another cause of the increase in mitotic figures might be a relative increase of cycling cells due to higher sensitivity of noncycling cells to the agent. Autoradiographic studies on the intracellular distribution of [14C]BLM revealed the following. (a) There were few necrotic cells in mitosis that incorporated much [14C]BLM into the cytoplasm at each time point and the mitotic figures gradually increased with time after i.p. injection of the isotope, while necrotic cells other than in mitosis, most of which were heavily labeled, increased in number with time. These findings seem to be related to the possibility that cycling cells may be less sensitive to BLM. The mode of intracellular distribution of [14C]BLM in mitotic cells changed with time and appeared to reflect the drug susceptibility depending on the cell cycle phase when labeled. PMID- 58718 TI - The significance of DNA damage in the cell cycle sensitivity of Chinese hamster ovary cells to bleomycin. AB - Chinese hamster ovary cells have been treated with bleomycin at various stages in the cell cycle. Mitotic cells, which exhibit least survival, show the greatest amount of DNA strand breakage and a marked inhibition of DNA replication in the subsequent S phase. Strand-rejoining experiments suggest that this is primarily due to differences in the amount of damage produced in the DNA but does not exclude the possibility that cells at the various cell stages also differ in their ability to repair this damage. DNA breakage also occurs in cells incubated in bleomycin at 4 degrees. PMID- 58719 TI - Inhibition of mammalian and oncornavirus nucleic acid polymerase activities by alkoxybenzophenanthridine alkaloids. AB - The alkoxybenzophenanthridine alkaloids (coralyne acetosulfate, fagaronine chloride, and nitidine chloride) have been reported to possess antileukemic activity in mice. These compounds were tested for inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity of an RNA tumor virus and DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase, and polyadenylic acid polymerase activities of NIH-Swiss mouse embryos. Reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase activities were strongly inhibited by these antileukemic alkaloids, whereas RNA polymerase and polyadenylic acid polymerase activities were only moderately affected. Viral and cellular DNA polymerase activities were potently diminished by the alkaloids when poly[d(A-T)], poly(dA) oligo(dT), and poly(rA)-oligo(dT) template primers were used in the reaction mixture; however, no inhibition of enzyme activity was obtained with poly(rC) oligo(dG) as template primer. These results suggest that alkoxybenzophenanthridine alkaloids inhibit DNA polymerase activity by interaction with A:T base pairs of the template primer. PMID- 58720 TI - In vivo and in vitro "markers" of human cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - The human uterine cervix offers a unique opportunity to study the early lesions of squamous cell carcinoma, i.e., carcinoma in situ and dysplasia [combined as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)]. In vivo, the patients with CIN have the epidemiological common denominators or "markers" of early onset of coitus, multiple sexual partners, 1st delivery before age 20, and antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 2 more frequently than do controls. The lesions themselves have specific epithelial and vascular changes observable with the colposcope in addition to the usual histological markers from biopsy specimens. The chromosomes and DNA content of cells in these lesions are abnormal. In vitro, the cells from CIN have characteristics somewhat between normal and invasive carcinoma. They lack contact inhibition and may be transferred for several generations, in contrast to normal cervical epithelial cells. The fibroblasts from areas adjacent to DIN are different from normal fibroblasts. The mitotic mechanism in cells cultured from CIN has a significantly prolonged prophase and telophase when compared to similar normal cells. The surface of CIN cells, unlike normal cells, has numerous microvilli when examined by scanning electron microscopy and has characteristic differences from normal cells with numerous elongated, irregular microvilli. With the transmission electron microscope, an increase in microvilli and a decrease in desmosomes and tonofibrils are seen in CIN cells. Some of these markers are being used clinically to manage patients with CIN. Other markers are the basis for further investigation of human carcinogenesis. PMID- 58721 TI - Functional markers and growth behavior of preneoplastic hepatocytes. AB - Functional markers and growth behavior of abnormal hepatocytes at several stages of liver carcinogenesis were studied. Early lesions, i.e., hyperplastic foci and areas, did not accumulate iron in siderotic livers, had persistent glycogen stores, were not more agglutinable by concanavalin A, and were associated with alpha-fetoprotein secretion, but were not independent secretors of high amounts. The cells in the early lesions had an increased mitotic index, but cells from livers with early lesions did not have an increased survival in cell culture or the ability to grow in soft agar. The more developed lesions, hyperplastic nodules, also did not store iron, had persistent glycogen, did not display increased concanavalin A agglutinability, and were not independent secretors of high levels of alpha-fetoprotein. Similarly, nodule cells were proliferative but did not display an increase in survival in cell culture. In addition, both iso- and autotransplantation of nodules into mammary fat pads resulted in persistence but not growth of nodule cells. On the other hand, hepatocellular carcinomas regularly grew upon transplantation. Thus, early lesions and hyperplastic nodules were proliferative lesions did not possess autonomous growth capability comparable to that of hepatocellular carcinomas. PMID- 58722 TI - Precancerous changes in the stomach. AB - Intestinal metaplasia is often associated with human gastric carcinoma. Intestinalization seems to be a typical example of abnormal differentiation and is possibly a precancerous state. For investigation of intestinal metaplasia, a method for visualizing disaccharidases using Tes-Tape was developed; this method was applied to many specimens of stomach surgically removed for the treatment of gastric carcinoma. More than 130 specimens of human stomach were investigated. Intestinalization was classified into types I and II intestinal metaplasia. In type I intestinal metaplasia, sucrase, maltase, trehalase, alkaline phosphatase, goblet cells, and Paneth cells were present; while the type II intestinal metaplasia, sucrase and maltase were present but alkaline phosphatase and trehalase were absent. In type II, goblet cells were present but not Paneth cells. The histochemical technique for sucrase was newly devised. Some of the villi with goblet cells in the area of intestinalization in the stomach were not stained by sucrase activity, although most of the villi were stained. The presence of a third type of metaplasia was suggested. Purified sucrases obtained from the intestine and one case of type I intestinal metaplasia showed blood group reactivity due to the oligosaccharide side chain. However, purified sucrases obtained from two cases of type II intestinal metaplasia were negative in blood group reactivity. A close relation between distribution of alpha fetoprotein and carcinoembryonic antigen in gastric carcinoma and that in surrounding intestinal metaplasia is discussed. PMID- 58723 TI - Synthesis and the lethality of bleomycin in bacteria. AB - The bleomycins are antitumor agents composed of various cationic amides of a common inactive bleomycinic acid. At 1 mug/ml at 37 degrees, the naturally occurring spermidine derivative of bleomycin (A5) was far more lethal to Escherichia coli than were several other bleomycins tested. An exponential loss of viability was produced for 2 hr in various strains of E. coli growing in a synthetic medium. In the stringent E. coli, strain 15 TAU (thymine-arginine uracil) rel A+ (arginine), withholding thymine did not affect the rate of killing. However, uracil starvation completely blocked killing by the antibiotic. Arginine deprival partially inhibited bleomycin killing in the stringent cell but had little effect on the lethality of the antibiotic in a relaxed isogenic strain actively synthesizing RNA. Similar results were obtained with another isogenic pair, stringent CP78 and relaxed CP79. Thus, the lethality of the antitumor agent, bleomycin, which is reported to produce breaks in bacterial and animal cell DNA in vivo and in vitro appeared totally dependent on RNA synthesis in E. coli. Nevertheless, chloramphenicol, which blocks protein synthesis and relaxes RNA synthesis in the stringent strains, also significantly inhibited the lethal action of the antibiotic, reducing the exponential rate of killing. PMID- 58724 TI - Preferential localization and rate of loss of labeled alloantibody from rat tumors and skin transplants carrying the corresponding alloantigen. AB - 125I-Labeled rat histocompatibility antibody was prepared from sera of Buffalo rats immunized with a transplantable fibrosarcoma induced by methylcholanthrene in a Fischer 344 rat. After i.v. injection this antibody was shown to localize with high specificity in transplants of a second Fischer 344 tumor or Fischer 344 skin grafts onto immunosuppressed Buffalo rats. These represent conditions such that only tumor or skin grafts carry the corresponding antigen. In skin transplants localization at 24 hr corresponded to 80% and in tumor to 30% of the injected dose in tissue equal to 1% of the rat weight. However, rapid loss of the 125I label from the target tissues indicated that degradation of antibody fixed to target cells was rapid and that the half-time of the intact antibody was less than 2 days. PMID- 58725 TI - Human cell-mediated cytotoxicity estimated by lymphocyte titration. AB - Human lymphocyte immunity to tumor-derived target cells was estimated by titrating lymphocyte concentration to achieve a 50% reduction of target cell survival. This lymphocyte titration assay gave estimates of cytotoxicity that were different from those obtained with the conventional cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays but were more proportional to lymphocyte activity. Estimates of cytotoxicity obtained using the lymphocyte titration assay were reproducible upon repeated testin over the course of several months and were relatively unaffected by two- to fourfold variations in target cell concentration. Target cell-specific cytotoxicity was reproducible but often did not appear to be tumor specific. PMID- 58726 TI - Cell volume growth after cell cycle block with chemotherapeutic agents. AB - The effects of various chemotherapeutic agents on the volume of Chinese hamster V79 fibroblasts and murine lymphoma L5178Y cells were studied by electronic volume spectroscopy. Cells arrested in the division cycle by a chemotherapeutic block continued to grow in volume resulting in abnormally large cells unable to reduce their volume by cell division. This was observed in cells treated with colcemid, vinblastine, excess thymidine, hydroxyurea, ARA-C, 5-fluorouracil, actinomycin-D and bleomycin, but not with puromycin or cycloheximide. Increase in cell volume of blocked cells was correlated with a decrease in cell survival as measured by clonogenic ability. The results suggest the possibility of volume spectroscopy for a rapid in vitro test to determine tumor sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents and the in vivo monitoring of response to chemotherapy. Mechanisms for increased cell kill by a second agent acting selectively on enlarged cells are considered. PMID- 58727 TI - Ultrastructural localisation of proteoglycans in the odontoblast-predentin region of rat incisor. AB - The localization of proteoglycans in the predentin of the rat incisor was investigated by ultrastructural histochemistry. Ruthenium red stained the cell coat of the odontoblasts as well as intracellular vesicles. There was also a staining of the extracellular matrix, but not of collagen fibers in the predentin. Treatment with the enzyme hyaluronidase prior to staining with ruthenium red abolished the staining of the vesicles and the extracellular matrix but not that of the cell coat. Bismuth nitrate and phosphotungstic acid gave similar staining of odontoblast vesicles and extracellular matrix. It is likely that the stained structures contain proteoglycans. The importance of these proteoglycans and their ultrastructural localization are discussed in relation to intracellular transport and the calcification process. PMID- 58728 TI - A critical evaluation of the relationship between the presynaptic network, synaptic vesicles and dense projections in central synapses. AB - Synapses of the oculomotor nucleus of Echidna have been examined ultrastructurally with the aim of integrating data obtained from osmicated and nonosmicated PTA stained material. Particular emphasis has been laid on the relationship between the synaptic vesicles of the osmicated material and the presynaptic network and vesicular grid of the PTA material. This relationship has been explored qualitatively by examining osmicated material of varying qualities of fixation. Such material contains dense projections in addition to synaptic vesicles, and various vesicular network appearances. A variety of measurement techniques have shown that the PTA network is characterised by reticular strands, spaces, and regular hexagonal units smaller than vesicles, these observations prompting the formulation of a "vesicle-network coincidence" model of the presynaptic terminal. This model has been tested by tracing the profiles of vesicles within the PTA network and comparing their size and shape frequency distributions with those of osmicated synaptic vesicles. The distributions have been found to be essentially similar, suggesting that vesicles can be located within the network, and that the hexagonal network units are formed only in the presence of an underlying vesicular matrix. Additionally, the following points have emerged: 1) the dense projections in the two types of material appear to be quivalent; 2) a loose correlation exists between dense projections and vesicles in osmicated terminals, increase in the area of the dense projections being associated with a decrease in the area of the vesicles; 3) network and dense projection units are similar. In view of the similarity between network and dense projection units, the demonstrated vesicular basis of the network raises the question of whether dense projections are entirely independent structures, or whether they depend in part for their existence on the nearby presence of synaptic vesicles. PMID- 58729 TI - Immune maturation of T lymphocytes: sequential changes in the functional specificity and apparent affinity of hapten-reactive helper T cells during an immune response. PMID- 58731 TI - Durability of immune protection against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. PMID- 58730 TI - The cell-mediated immune response to ectromelia virus infection. I. Kinetics and characteristics of the primary effector T cell response in vivo. PMID- 58732 TI - Cellular events in tolerance. V. Detection, isolation and fate of lymphoid cells which bind fluoresccinated antigen in vivo. PMID- 58733 TI - Detection of nervous-system specific cell surface antigen(s) by heterologous anti mouse brain antiserum. PMID- 58734 TI - Specifically depleted spleen cell populations recover responsiveness by a concomitant unrelated delayed hypersensitivity reaction. PMID- 58735 TI - The induction of hapten-specific immunological tolerance and immunity in B lymphocytes. II. Temporal and dose response relationships of tolerance induction in B lymphocytes of various differentiation states. PMID- 58736 TI - [On the therapy of keloids and hypertrophic scars (author's trnasl)]. PMID- 58737 TI - [Plasmatic iodine in a euthyroid children population]. PMID- 58738 TI - Immunocytochemistry of pituitary corticotroph cells in terrestrial turtle (Testudo mauritanica). AB - The immunocytochemical and histochemical characters of the corticotroph cells of the Turtle adenohypophysis have been studied. These cells are localised in the rostral part of the gland and are revealed by Is anti ACTH (1-24) and (17-39). They are also colored with lead hematoxyline and PAS-Orange G. The corticotroph nature of these cells is confirmed by the study of their modifications after treatment with amphenone and ACTH. The Is anti ACTH also reveal most of the cells of the pars intermedia; while the Is anti beta-MSH reveals only these cells and some scatter cells of the pars distalis. PMID- 58739 TI - [Biochemical properties of a radio-induced leukemia virus of C57Bl mice]. PMID- 58740 TI - [Study of prostaglandin synthesis during anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs]. AB - In guinea pigs actively sensitized with ovalbumin and shocked, we have measured blood histamine and histaminase, pulmonary content in cycli AMP and prostaglandins (PG) E1, E2 and F2alpha. In pulmonary efferent blood, both PGE and PGF are increased. In lung tissue, only PGF2alpha, which are bronchoconstructive mediators, are increased. Th increased level in PG seems to have two origins: first a specific increase, then an increased synthesis secondary to histamine release. PMID- 58741 TI - Cryptogenic pulmonary eosinophilia. AB - The clinical and immunological features of fifteen cases of cryptogenic pulmonary eosinophilia are reported. There were ten women (mean age 35.4 years) and five men (mean age 42 years). Eight gave a previous history of asthma and seven had none. Thirteen of the fifteen patients had negative skin test to common allergens. Many features of a systemic illness were present in the asthmatic and non-asthmatic groups including anaemia, weight loss, fever and a grossly raised ESR. An absolute polymorphonuclear leucocytosis was frequent as well as the obligatory increase in blood eosinophils used as one of our criteria for inclusion. Hepatomegaly (three cases), splenomegaly (four cases) and hilar node enlargement (one case) were seen in the group without asthma. Evidence of renal involvement or necrotizing vasculitis was notably absent and the response to small doses of corticosteroids was dramatic. Immunologically the striking feature was a disproportionate increase in blood eosinophils compared with only minor elevations in the total serum IgE levels. This stands in contrast to patients with bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and helminth infestation. Studies of cytophilic antibodies using histamine liberation after challenge with antibodies to immunoglobulin sub-classes in six patients showed a marked increase in IgG2 and lesser increases of IgE and IgG3. No evidence of antibodies specific to A. fumigatus was found. The amount of cytophilic antibody was also in contrast to that found in bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. PMID- 58742 TI - Cancer hypercalcemia- a pragmatic approach. PMID- 58743 TI - alpha1-Fetoprotein measurement in blood spotted on paper: discriminating test for hereditary tyrosinemia in neonatal mass screening. AB - We describe an electroimmunodiffusion technique for measuring alpha1-fetoprotein in blood spotted on chromatography paper. The system is being used as a complementary test in a neonatal mass-screening program for detection of inborn metabolic diseases in the Province of Quebec. In a series of 102 cases of neonatal hypertyrosinemia, the test has proven to be highly discriminative for hereditary tyrosinemia. It has permitted early detection of eight cases of this disease, including two that would have been missed by the previously used screening procedure, tyrosine measurement only. The test not only virtually eliminates the risk of misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis, but also permits earlier diagnosis of hereditary tyrosinemia and considerably reduces the follow-up work required for newborns with transitory tyrosinemia. The AFP test is simple, fast, practical, and inexpensive. Combined with tyrosine determination, it constitutes an optimal device for mass screening of hereditary tyrosinemia. PMID- 58744 TI - Androgens. AB - Testosterone is synthesised mainly if not entirely by the leydig cells and secreted episodically with a slight circadian variation. Only the free, nonprotein-bound fraction of the testosterone in the circulation is biologically active. This free testosterone passes into the target cells and is taken up by specific receptors in the muscle. In some other target tissues, testosterone is first reduced to 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone which is then taken up by specific receptors in the cytoplasm and transferred to the nucleus. Anti-androgens appear to act principally by inhibiting this uptake. PMID- 58745 TI - Clinics in endocrinology and metabolism. Investigative procedures. AB - In patients with hypogonadism, the exact cause of the deficient androgenisation is not always clinically apparent. The data presented demonstrate that by means of hormone measurements, basally or after stimulation tests, the exact level of the lesion can usually be determined. This allows a decision with regard to appropriate therapy to be made on the basis of an accurate diagnosis. In many instances basal measurements of pituitary and gonadal hormones are all that is required to decide the level of the lesion. Care in interpreting basal levels is required, however, in view of methodological limitations and of known physiological variations with age, time of day and hour-to-hour fluctuations. If the basal hormone levels are borderline, or if the 'reserve function' of part or all of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis needs to be assessed, than the appropriate stimulation test should be performed. The indication for these stimulation procedures and results obtained in different conditions are described and problems of interpretation discussed. PMID- 58746 TI - Testicular tumours. AB - With modern methods of diagnosis, staging and treatment, seminoma is a highly curable tumour. The worse results for the treatment of teratomas are likely to improve particularly as methods for detection of the tumour improve and as types of treatment are increasingly combined in a way which takes account of the biology of the tumour and the strength and limitation of each treatment modality. Stage I and II teratoma should receive irradiation after orchidectomy although when bulky retroperitoneal disease is present irradiation alone is rarely capable of securing local tumour control. In these cases chemotherapy may achieve nodal regression preparatory to irradiation. Excision of residual masses after irradiation should be considered in teratoma. Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice for disseminated teratoma but maintaining tumour control poses problems. Whole lung irradiation following chemotherapy is being assessed in selected patients. PMID- 58747 TI - Description of the banding patterns of human chromosomes by acriding orange reverse banding (RFA) and comparison with the Paris banding diagram. AB - A reference diagram is presented which is comparable to the Paris banding diagram but which was based primarily on chromosomes studied by acridine orange reverse banding. Comparison with the Paris Conference (1971) banding diagram was made. Bands were combined in 13 instances and subdivided in 10 cases. The number of bands was found to depend primarily upon the length and quality of the chromosomes. No major differences between the present diagram and the Paris banding diagram were observed. Moreover, the results with acriding orange reverse banding were comparable to those previously reported with Giemsa R banding. In addition, sequential Q banding and R banding were carried out in the same cells. No significant differences in resolution of bands were observed when these two techniques were compared. PMID- 58748 TI - Immunochemical demonstration of serum beta2-glycoprotein III in normal and diseased human glomeruli. PMID- 58749 TI - Serum concentration of specific IgE antibody against Aspergillus fumigatus and identification of the fungal allergen. PMID- 58750 TI - Quantitation of lymphocyte proliferative response to allogeneic cells and phytohemagglutinin by flow cytofluorometry. II. Comparison with [14C]thymidine incorporation. PMID- 58751 TI - Application of immunologic probes for contractile proteins to tissue sections. PMID- 58752 TI - [New heparinoid extract in the treatment of arterial diseases of the lower limb]. PMID- 58753 TI - [Antagonists of the gonadal hormones: antiandrogens]. PMID- 58754 TI - Viral hepatitis. PMID- 58755 TI - Scabies. PMID- 58756 TI - Immunological relationships of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphohexose isomerase, aldolase and peptidase from various mammalian species. PMID- 58757 TI - Self-chosen victims: scapegoating behavior sequential to battering. PMID- 58758 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein and the prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system disorders. A review. AB - The use of amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein measurements in the early prenatal diagnosis of central nervous system disorders is reviewed. The method is sensitive and specific and has had a pronounced effect on the counselling of mothers who have already had a child with spina bifida or anencephaly. Measurement of other amniotic fluid components, such as fetal macrophages, beta trace protein, alpha2-macroglobulin or fibrinogen-degradation products, is less reliable and these should not be used in making primary diagnoses. The assay of alpha-fetoprotein in maternal serum shows signs of being a useful preliminary screening process, and may identify pregnancies where amniocentesis and confirmatory amniotic fluid determinations should be offered. PMID- 58759 TI - [Analysis and significance of plasma lithium values in hyperthyroid patients after an intervention]. PMID- 58760 TI - Elemental composition of platelet dense bodies. PMID- 58761 TI - [Hyperthyroidism with hypercalcaemia (author's transl)]. AB - Anorexia, constipation, vomiting and somnolence in a 39-year-old woman were at first misinterpreted as being of psychological and autonomic nervous system origin. Further clinical and biochemical tests revealed hyperthyroidism associated with hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria. Thyrostatic treatment for 12 days caused regression of the hypercalcaemia and, after subtotal resection, serum calcium levels and urinary calcium excretion returned to normal for good. The hypercalcaemia syndrome must therefore be assumed to have been the direct result of the hyperthyroidism. PMID- 58762 TI - [Embolisation of the finger arteries in the thoracic outlet syndrome]. AB - Angiographic studies were undertaken in 18 patients with the signs of a thoracic outlet syndrome due to compression of the subclavian artery, associated with Raynaud's phenomenon. They demonstrated occlusion of the digital arteries in more than half the cases, on the side of the subclavian compression. In three patients with ischaemic pain in the fingers of only a few hours' or days' duration arteriography demonstrated fresh embolisation from the compressed subclavian artery. PMID- 58763 TI - Hyperthyroidism: diagnosis and treatment. AB - The clinical diagnosis in cases of suspected hyperthyroidism is very valuable. Laboratory diagnosis rests largely on measurements of circulating thyroid hormones, with radio-iodine studies playing only a minor part. No one test is infallible and some understanding of basic physiological considerations is essential if serious errors are to be avoided. The choice of treatment plan is logically-based, but should take into account the quality of available services. PMID- 58764 TI - Sleep satiation in narcoleptic patients. AB - Polygraphic sleep recording was performed in 20 narcoleptics with one or more of the auxiliary symptoms, 4 narcoleptics with only sleep attacks and 10 normals during one night and into the following day. Total sleep time in the narcoleptics did not differ significantly from that in the normals. Sleep of the narcoleptics with auxiliary symptoms was unstable with frequent awakening. The temporal organization of the REM--NREM sleep cycle was irregular in the narcoleptics with auxiliary symptoms, compared with those in the other two groups. Percentage of Stage 1 was significantly larger in the narcoleptics with auxiliary symptoms than in the other two groups and percentage of Stage 2 was smaller. Percentage of Stage 4 was smaller in the narcoleptics with auxiliary symptoms than in those with only sleep attacks. Percentages of Stages 3 and REM did not differentiate the three groups. Spindle density during Stage 2 did not differentiate the three groups. Sleep onset Stage REM was frequently observed exclusively in the narcoleptics with auxiliary symptoms. Excluding the instances showing sleep onset Stage REM, mean latency of initial episodes of REM sleep in the three groups was shorter after daytime sleep onset than after nighttime sleep onset. In the narcoleptics with auxiliary symptoms, no significant correlation was found between the percentage of Stage REM and clinical findings. CONCLUSIONS: the sleep attacks in narcoleptics are due to an ill-timed, strong tendency to fall asleep (including both REM and NREM sleep), and it is therefore suggested that they are manifestations of their disturbed circadian rhythm of sleep--wakefulness cycle. PMID- 58765 TI - Extinction of the Hoffmann reflex by antidromic conduction. AB - We have shown that one cause of the extinction of the Hoffmann reflex by antidromic conduction in the alpha motor axons must be a relative refractoriness of the motoneuron pool. A hypothesized collision between the H-wave and the antidromic M-wave component is not disproved but it (and the incumbent assumptions about relative afferent and efferent conduction velocities) is shown to be unnecessary. A montonic variation of the M-wave with tonic soleus contraction (M-wave increasing with contraction) is observed but not explained. PMID- 58766 TI - Computer recognition of generalized spike-wave discharges. AB - Twelve 12h daytime telemetered EEGs were read for generalized spike-wave (S-W) bursts by a computer and independently by three experienced electroencephalographers. The computer system was a hybrid of analog devices (tape-recorder, voltage summator, and high-pass filters) and a multipurpose laboratory digital device (PDP-12). The computer was programmed to identify only the location on the record and the duration of the generalized S-W paroxysms. From 1,462 discharges identified by both the readers and the computer, a consensus list of 609 was derived by selecting only those bursts identified by all three readers. The computer recognized 516 (85%) of those bursts on the consensus list; the computer's accuracy, as compared with the consensus, rose to 92% when portions of the EEG containing sleep were discounted. The computer also recognized as generalized S-W paroxysms 15 high-voltage transients, which none of the three readers selected. Ten of these, however, occurred during sleep. When the computer results were added to those of the three readers to permit a four way inter-reader comparison, the computer was found to have had about as many isolated decisions as any of the three readers. In the number of bursts recognized, the computer tended to be about as conservative as the reader under whose guidance it was originally programmed. The computer's accuracy in measuring burst duration was not evaluated statistically. PMID- 58767 TI - Evidence for the presence of eye movement potentials during paradoxical sleep in cats. AB - 1. Phasic activities related to eye movements in the dark in abducens nucleus (N.VI), lateral geniculate body (LGB), visual cortex, and lateral rectus muscle were analyzed in 18 cats with chronically implanted electrodes during waking and sleeping. 2. N.VI waves, both during waking and sleeping, were multiphasic, and two distinct wave forms were noticed on either side of the pons. The N.VI waves preceded each ocular movement by 10--20 msec. 3. Both during waking and paradoxical sleep (PS), N.VI waves always preceded those occurring in the LGB. During waking, eye movement potentials (EMPs) in LGB followed the onset of the N.VI wave with a long (greater than 60 msec) and variable latency, but followed the end of the same wave with a rather constant delay (about 20 msec). During PS, two distinct populations of latency were observed between onset of the pontine waves and that of LGB waves. The latency of one population was less than 35 msec, and of the other more than 66 msec. 4. Since the LGB waves following N.VI waves with a long latency were similar in a number of respects to EMPs during wakefulness (EMPw), they were judged to be EMPs (EMPps), and were distinguished from LGB PGO waves, which followed N.VI waves with a short latency. Cortical EMPps were observed as well, but occurred about 8--10 times less frequently than the PGO wave. 5. In the light of the present results, the mechanisms responsible for EMP and PGO wave activities are discussed. PMID- 58768 TI - Effects of ponto-mesencephalic lesions and electrical stimulation upon PGO waves and EMPs in unanesthetized cats. AB - 1. Phasic waves similar to those observed in the visual system of the awake and sleeping cat ("EMP" and "PGO waves" respectively) were recorded in an area surrounding brachium conjunctivum of the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF). 2. MRF waves during paradoxical sleep (PS) (MRF PGO wave) occurred 1--2 msec after the waves recorded in the abducens nucleus (N.VI PGO waves), while MRF waves in the alert cat (MRF EMPs) occurred 35--70 msec or more after EMPs in N.VI. 3. Both MRF EMPs in the dark and MRF PGO waves preceded EMPs and PGO waves recorded in the lateral geniculate body (LGB) by 20 msec. 4. There was a time lag of about 40 msec between right and left MRF PGO waves. 5. MRF stimulation elicited short latency responses (5--9 msec) in LGB during waking and sleeping states. During PS, the same stimuli further elicited PGO waves (latency greater than or equal to 40 msec) in the same structure. 6. Stimulation of LGB elicited short latency responses (5--9msec) in MRF. 7. Unilateral MRF lesions reduced by about 50% the number of LGB PGO waves without modifying other characteristics of the PGO wave activity. 8. Following unilateral MRF lesion, LGB EMPs were observed with each eye movement in the dark. However, LGB EMPs ipsilateral to the lesion were greatly reduced in amplitude and followed the EMPs in the opposite LGB by a time lag similar to that observed between bilateral LGB PGO waves. 9. Bilateral MRF lesions completely abolished PGO waves and EMPs observed with the animal in the dark. However, EMPs observed in the light remained unmodified. 10. From the present study it was concluded that LGB and visual cortex gross potential changes related to eye movements in the alert cat have both retinal and non-retinal components. Further, the significance of the MRF area in the mechanisms of EMP and PGO wave activities was discussed. PMID- 58769 TI - Cyclic EEG and motility patterns during sleep in restrained infant rats. AB - When restrained in a quasi-fetal position, infant rats (2--3 weeks old) remain for an extended period in a sleep-like state as judged by polygraphic criteria. Moreover, they become very difficult to arouse by sensory stimuli, and show a level of spontaneous motility considerably higher than is normally found at this age during sleep. Phasic generalized body movements, which are often quite stereotyped, occur in trains at regular intervals, against a low background level of neck muscle tonus. The amplitude of the cortical EEG, especially in the delta band, is negatively correlated with the frequency of spontaneous motor burst activity. It is suggested that these REM-like "rapid body movements" in immature mammals may well represent a transitional stage between fetal behavior patterns and sleep motility in the adult organism. PMID- 58770 TI - [Sleep in the young adult studied through automatic analysis of recordings]. AB - Our laboratory sleep polygraphic recordings are all automatically scored by a scoring system previously described. The automatic scoring reliability has already been estimated by a comparison with visual scoring. Nevertheless, it was interesting to investigate whether the picture of sleep given by this system, of a precisely defined group of subjects, was very different from that obtained by visual scoring for similar subjects in other laboratories. Therefore, we compared the results given by automatic analysis in a group of normal subjects aged 20--29 years with the results of Williams et al. (1974) for subjects of the same age. We thus mixed on purpose three sources of difference: the studied population, the laboratory and its habits, and the technique of scoring the records. This comparison showed a clear difference in the total time of sleep for men and women. This time, longer in our conditions, depended certainly on subjects and on recording conditions more than on automatic scoring. Sleep and stage latencies were not significantly different by the two scoring techniques. A difference appeared for waking latency, longer in our findings, but probably resulting from the definition of this parameter. The number of sleep cycles and their average duration were not different in the two techniques. Concerning sleep stages, stage 3 was slightly overestimated and stage 4 underestimated by automatic scoring compared with visual scoring, while there was no marked difference for the other stages. Finally, a larger number of stages are detected by the machine than by the human eye, which is probably due to the fact that the latter neglects some transitions from one stage to another when they are not important with regard to the context. Thus, apart from some differences resulting from the definition of parameters, there is a very large analogy between visual and automatic results of sleep scoring. The only effects of the latter are a slightly different assessment of the ratio of stages 3 and 4, in favour of stage 3, a larger estimate of the number of sleep stages, and a slight underestimation of REM sleep. PMID- 58772 TI - A glass-insulated "Elgiloy" microelectrode for recording unit activity in chronic monkey experiments. AB - A glass-coated microelectrode made of a stiff cobalt--nickel alloy is described. The thickness of the glass coating and the length of the uninsulated tip can be varied as desired. The electrode is stiff enough to insert through the relatively tough dura of the monkey in chronic experiments. Further, the recording site can be marked by electrolytic deposition of iron and the Prussian blue reaction. PMID- 58771 TI - Audio-spinal influence in man studied by the H-reflex and its possible role on rhythmic movements synchronized to sound. AB - An investigation was made of the time course of audio-spinal influences in man using the H-reflex technique and non-startling sounds. It was found that in all subjects the sound potentiated the H-reflex at a central latency of 80 msec, the peak facilitation (185%) being attained at 110--130 msec. The mean duration of this facilitation was 200 msec ranging from 120 to 460 msec. No inhibition was seen to follow the excitatory period. An habituation study showed a significant drop in peak facilitation after exposure to ten conditioning stimuli but a constant increase of the H-reflex above control level even after 60 presentations. The time course of this audiospinal facilitation was superposed over the EMG events during hopping to a simplified musical stimulus. In this situation, landing occurred some 50 msec prior to the ON beat or strong beat of the music. With this mode of synchronization, the timing of the ON and OFF beats of the musical stimulus would be suitable to potentiate the EMG events related respectively to the peak upwards acceleration determining the take-off and to the landing. It is inferred that during synchronized stereotyped movements to repetitive auditory stimuli, the motor events are timed to make best use of a potential audio-spinal facilitation. PMID- 58773 TI - Effects of sleep of restricted sleep. A cat case study. AB - One male cat was adapted to different schedules of restricted sleep. The cat was allowed to go to sleep during a certain number of hours per day. During the rest of the 24 h period, wakefulness was enforced by means of a treadmill. The following schedules of restricted sleep were run: 12 h sleep--12 h treadmill (12S -12T), 8S--16T, 4S--20T. The cat was also adapted to a 36 h day: 12S--24T. The sleep was investigated after at least 2 weeks on each schedule and compared to ad lib. sleep (24S--0T). As available sleep time bacame shorter, the composition of the sleep changed. LSWS (in % of available sleep time) decreased, while DSWS % and REM sleep % increased. The length of the DSWS and REM sleep episodes increased with decreasing sleep time, as did sleep cycle length. PMID- 58774 TI - Evoked potential waveform differences produced by the perception of different meanings of an ambiguous phrase. AB - To test the effects of perceived linguistic meaning on evoked potential (EP) waveform, an experiment was performed using the stimulus homophone "led" or "lead" in the single ambiguous phrase "it was /'led/". The phrase was presented aurally in sets of 60 repetitions, instructing the subject before each set as to the specific meaning of the stimulus word to be perceived. Averages of one hundred responses were obtained for each of the two meanings of the stimulus. Responses were recorded from scalp locations over Broca's and Wernicke's areas and homologous right hemisphere loci. Average waveforms evoked by the two meanings of the stimulus word were dissimilar for the left anterior locus and similar for the other three loci as indicated by correlations. The application of the Discrimination Index to these data disclosed that the EP waveform differences observed at the left anterior locus would not be attributed to random variability. Stepwise Discriminant Function Analysis on the same data revealed that responses from individual subjects could be classified according to experimental conditions at a greater-than-chance level. Discrimination was best for responses from left hemisphere loci. There was some commonality of discriminative EP components across subjects, specifically components late in the EP epoch. These data are interpreted as demonstrating an EP correlate of the processing of the contextual meaning of words. PMID- 58775 TI - Influence of color on the photoconvulsive response. AB - Using the visual stimulator, the effect of color on the photoconvulsive response (PCR) was studied in 14 photosensitive patients. When stimuli of 15 c/sec flickers of white, red, yellow, green and blue light of 20 cd/m2 were given to the subjects, generalized PCRs were provoked only by the red-flicker. These PCRs were all inhibited by blue light of 1.9 cd/m2 when given either after the appearance of the PCRs or simultaneously with the red-flicker from the start. When blue light was given after the appearance of the PCRs the latency of appearance of the PCRs in response to the red-flicker showed an inverse relation to the disappearance latency of the PCR in response to the blue light. With blue light of 1 cd/m2, however, inhibition of the PCRs was seen in only 2 cases when it was given after the appearance of the PCR, and in only 1 case when the blue light was simultaneously given with the red-flicker from the start. These results clearly disclosed the following findings: (1) among various colored lights, an excitatory effect on generalized PCR was excitatory effect on generalized PCR was always seen only with red light at 15 c/sec and 20 cd/m2; (2) the PCRs provoked by the red-flicker were inhibited by blue light of 1.9 cd/m2, but not by blue light of 1 cd/m2. PMID- 58776 TI - Visual evoked potentials during the development of a spiking cobalt focus in rat neocortex. AB - Averaged visual evoked potentials recorded from three electrode placements in visual cortex in response to single and paired light flashes were acquired from rats with epileptogenic cobalt implants or with stainless-steel control implants. Evoked potentials acquired after computer-detected epileptic spikes were also recorded from rats in the cobalt group. Epileptic spiking began between the 6th and 9th postoperative days and flashes then began to evoke epileptic spikes. Excitability cycles were assessed. On the day showing the maximum rate of spiking, excitability at the site of the cobalt was markedly reduced following flash-triggered or spontaneous epileptic spikes in almost all cases. By contrast, the electrode placement in contralateral homotopic cortex showed nearly normal excitability despite the presence of large amplitude epileptiform spikes and sharp waves projected from the site of the cobalt. The results are discussed with reference to other experimental findings. PMID- 58777 TI - Synchronization of the electrocorticogram by visceral and somatic bradykinin stimulation in anesthetized cats. AB - The cortical response to visceral and somatic bradykinin stimulation was studied in cats under light to moderate pentobarbital anesthesia. Following the injection of bradykinin into arteries supplying visceral organs and somatic structures, a marked cortical synchronization was recorded. The bilateral, rhythmic discharge in the theta to alpha range was best seen on SI; occasionally the contralateral SI response was more prominent. The cortical synchronization and its distribution were the same for visceral and somatic stimulation. There was only minimal response desensitization to multiple injections of bradykinin in rapid succession. Following transection of the thoracolumbar spinal cord, synchronization failed to develop after hindlimb injections but continued to be seen after forelimb stimulation; similarly, partial denervation of a limb blocked the bradykinin response. No synchronization or desynchronization could be produced by epinephrine and nitroglycerine which caused phasic changes in systemic blood pressure equal to or greater than those seen with bradykinin. The results are discussed in terms of possible pathways and receptors. It is suggested that bradykinin acts primarily on free nerve endings common to visceral and deep somatic tissue with convergence of impulses occurring at spinal and higher levels. The preferential response of SI may reflect afferent activity generated by natural, painful stimulation of deep somatic and visceral organs. Normally, this component would be masked by the concomitant non-specific arousal response of the medial reticulo-thalamic system which was depressed by the anesthetic. PMID- 58778 TI - Driving of slow oscillations in the human somatosensory system. AB - Potentials evoked by brief electrical pulses applied to the median nerve, were recorded from the frontal, central and vertex regions of human subjects. Averaging and spectral analysis showed that the responses contained time-locked components ranging in frequency from 0.75 to 4 c/sec and extending over periods as long as 3500 msec after the stimulus. There was no significant difference between evoked potentials induced by stimuli which were accompanied by a twitch in the muscles innervated by the median nerve and evoked potentials induced by stimuli which caused no muscular response. Stimulation by pulses separated by random intervals caused an increase in the amplitude of the late components over a broad frequency spectrum while periodic stimulation caused an increase in amplitude in much narrower ranges. When the frequency of stimulation was progressively increased from 0.25 to 5 pulses/sec it was found that the late oscillations could be "driven" at specific frequencies which caused an increase in the amplitudes of specific frequency components, harmonically related to each other and to the frequency of the stimulus. In a few instances in which a series of 125 individual evoked potentials was studied, it was found that the average computed from the last 50 potentials contained late components of considerably lower amplitudes than the average computed from the first 50 potentials. The administration of barbiturates caused a selective decrease in the amplitude of the late components and a redistribution of energy in the frequency spectrum. The essential characteristics of these late components: their wide distribution over the frontal, central and vertex regions, their occurrence over long periods after the stimulus, the decrease in their amplitude with repeated stimulation, indicating the possibility of "habituation", and their enhancement at specific frequencies of stimulation, suggest that they may be related to the activities of the nonspecific systems of the brain. PMID- 58779 TI - A simple sleep stage detector for the rat. AB - A simple sleep stage detector for the rat is described, which uses as its sources of input the signal from a single hippocampal recording electrode and the signal generated by a motion indicator. The device is suitable for use in sleep studies and in experiments on REM sleep deprivation. PMID- 58780 TI - Termination of pregnancy by sheep anti-LHRH gamma globulin in rats. AB - The effect of the administration of sheep anti-LHRH gamma-globulin (anti-LHRHG) on the maintenance of pregnancy was investigated in rats. Nidation was confirmed by laparotomy on day 7 or 8 of pregnancy. In one experiment, rats were then injected iv with 1 ml anti-LHRHG or normal sheep gamma-globulin (NSG) daily from days 7 to 11. The uteri were inspected again on day 14 of pregnancy, when it was found that complete resorption of the fetuses had occurred in the anti-LHRHG treated rats, but that the fetuses were normal in the NSG-treated control rats. The effect of a single injection of 1 ml of anti-LHRHG on day 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12 of pregnancy was also investigated. Administration on day 9 or 10 resulted in complete resorption of the fetuses by the time of the 2nd inspection on day 14, and treatment on day 8 or 11 was partially effective. However, treatment on day 7 or 12 exerted little effect on viability of the fetuses. None of the rats showed vaginal bleeding following treatment with anti-LHRHG. Termination of pregnancy by anti-LHRHG could be prevented by SC injection of 1 mug LHRH twice daily, or by 4 progesterone SC once daily, from days 9 through 12 of pregnancy. The ovaries of the rats treated with anti-LHRHG from days 7 to 11 were smaller than those of the NSG-treated control rats, and some of the corpora lutea underwent cystic degenerative changes. Lutein cells of the former were also smaller than those of the latter. Serum progesterone levels were reduced after a single injection of anti-LHRHG on day 9 or 10, but not on day 7 or 12 of pregnancy. There was excellent agreement between the reduction of serum progesterone and fetal resorption. Serum LH levels were low on days 7 through 12 in the anti-LHRHG treated as well as the NSG-treated rats, and the possible suppressive effect of anti-LHRHG on LH could not be revealed because of insufficient sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay method. No significant difference was observed in serum prolactin levels between the groups of rats. The results clearly indicate that LHRH, by maintaining progesterone secretion, is indispensable on days 9 and 10 of pregnancy for the maintenance of pregnancy. PMID- 58781 TI - Delayed response of ankle jerk time changes in decreasing thyroid function in comparison with the serum cholesterol changes. AB - 1. Serum cholesterol, PBI and ankle jerk time (AJT) were measured simultaneously in a group of not yet treated patients, where a relatively steady state of thyroid function was expected, and in a treated group, where change to lower thyroid function was supposed (thyrostatic drugs, near total thyroidectomy, radioablation of thyroid). 2. Serum cholesterol correlated poorly with PBI (r = - 0,4427), better correlation was achieved after logarithmic transformation of PBI values (r = --0,6839). 3. Reference line and covariance between log PBI and serum cholesterol in decreasing thyroid function did not differ significantly from reference line and covariance in steady state, showing that serum cholesterol accompanies closely and without greater delay the changing PBI. Great dispersion of individual values shows a relatively low diagnostic value of serum cholesterol for assessment of functional thyroid state in individual patients. Early reactivity of serum cholesterol level and highly significant correlation with log PBI makes this parameter useful for longitudinal evaluation of therapy in individual patients. 4. Reference line between AJT and serum cholesterol in decreasing thyroid function was shifted to lower AJT values, showing a delay of response of AJT. Tested by analysis of covariance this delay was marked in young patients (0,5% level of significance), present in medium age (5% level of significance), not detectable in person over 60 years. 5. Delay of AJT changes in decreasing thyroid function is important for clinical practice. Our findings are further in accordance with the assumption, that subcellular systems in skeletal muscle may be responsible for delayed response of AJT, being more important than concomitant changes in serum T3/T4 ratio. PMID- 58782 TI - [The metabolism of 4-14C-pregnenolone in tissue sections of human ovaries and their modification by chlormadinone acetate]. AB - In vitro incubations with slices of two normal human ovaries and 4-14C pregnenolone as precursor were carried out to study the possibility of a direct influence of chlormadinone acetate on the metabolism of pregnenolone. In agreement with our previous studies the incubations of the ovary from the follicle phase of the cycle yields a profile of steroids different from that of the ovary from the corpus luteum phase of the cycle. Under the experimental condition chosen, the presence of enzymes of the steroidogenic pathway responsible for the synthesis of 17alpha-hydroxy-pregnenolone, DHA, androstenediol (basic metabolites) and androstenedione represents a characteristic profile of steroids of the ovaries from the follicle phase. After the addition of chlormadinone acetate to the incubation medium, the formation of androstenedione was inhibited, whereas the basic metabolites increased. The biosynthesis of progesterone, 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, estrone and estradiol represents a characteristic profile of steroids of the ovaries from the corpus luteum phase. After a addition of chlormadinone acetate to the incubation medium, the formation of this characteristic profile of steroids was inhibited. The influence of chlormadinone acetate on the two different profiles of steroids indicated, that chlormadinone acetate exerts an inhibitory effect on the 3beta hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase-delta5-4-isome PMID- 58783 TI - An apparently direct inhibitory effect of oestrogen on the human testis. AB - In men suffering from prostatic cancer, i.v. administration of 12 g diethylstilboestrol diphosphate within 20 days resulted in a decrease of the LH serum level to about 50% (P less than 0.05), whereas the total testosterone level decreased to less than 5% (P less than 0.001) and the apparently free testosterone level to less than 2% of the initial values (P less than 0.001). Hence, the "systemic antiandrogenic effect" of oestrogen can be explained (1) by indirect inhibition of testicular androgen secretion via diminution of hypophyseal gonadotrophin secretion, (2) by direct inhibition of testicular androgen secretion and (3) by elevation of the capacity of testosterone binding beta-globulin. PMID- 58784 TI - Measurement of serum total thyroxine concentration by competitive binding assay with use of dextran coated charcoal adsorption. PMID- 58785 TI - Pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Neurochemical and morphological studies on MS biopsies and autopsies. AB - In the present study, six multiple sclerosis (MS) brain white matter biopsies were analyzed both morphologically and chemically. The purpose of this study was to test the reliability of the earlier postmortem observations. Special attention was given to proteins which were analyzed in polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and to acid proteinase. The results show that myelin basic protein (BP) was present in all biopsies, although advanced demyelination was seen in one case as based on morphology. This finding is controversial to earlier observations. In addition to this, some acid proteins were decreased or lost in two cases. The activity of acid proteinases was increased from two- to fivefold in four of six cases. This increase of the activity was seen also in the normal appearing MS autopsy white matter which served as control. The source of this activity is discussed. On the basis of the present results it is likely that the role of the BP in the breakdown of myelin in MS and the role of acid proteinases has to be studied in more detail. PMID- 58786 TI - Effect of Ca++ on Vmax measured in absence of external or internal load. AB - Myofibrils 1 sarcomere wide (single myofibrils) were prepared from rat heart. Mean initial sarcomere length was 2.68 mu. Contraction was initiated with 20, 25 or 100 muM MgATP and terminated with EGTA and EDTA. Single fibrils shortened at the theoretical Vmax for the in vitro conditions until sarcomere length reached 2.05 mu. At this length they encountered a significant internal afterload. Reaction time, substrate, and temperature were adjusted so that final sarcomere length was greater than or equal to 2.05 mu in most experiments. Ca++ increased Vmax of single fibrils 2- 4-fold. Results were similar at 20 and 100 muM MgATP, and in reaction mixture containing 100 or 140 mM KCI. We conclude that Ca++ controls not only the number of cross-bridges, but also the rate at which the cross-bridges turn over. PMID- 58787 TI - Silver methenamine and phosphotungstic acid staining of the acrosome of Mytilus edulis. PMID- 58788 TI - Formaldehyde-Schiff's reagent as a nucleolar strain. AB - The use of formaldehyde-Schiff's reagent as a nucleolar stain has been described. Using different digestion procedures, it was confirmed that the stain is specific for RNA. It can be suitably used as a nucleolar stain, particularly in plant materials after a short TCA extraction, which probably extracts the nonbound RNA. PMID- 58789 TI - [Mechanism of action of vasodilator agents on the collateral blood flow into an area of acute myocardial ischemia]. AB - In acute experiments staged on dogs subject to investigation was collateral coronary circulation studied by registering the retrograde blood flow and the pressure in the ligated coronary artery. It is shown that atropinization (0.05 mg/kg) does not change the positive action of papaverine and diethyphen (2 mg/kg) on the inflow of blood into the area of myocardial ischemia and enhances the beneficial effect on euphylline (4 mg/kg). Preliminary introduction of octadine (5 mg/kg) had no material influence on the nature of the diethyphen action, but greatly weakened that of euphylline and reduced the effect of papaverine. The vasodilating agents attenuated for a short while a pituitrin-induced (0.5 U/kg) spasm of the collaterals and vessels in the ischemic area of the myocardium. PMID- 58790 TI - [Photometric method of determining the kinetics of erythrocyte aggregation under the influence of drug substances]. PMID- 58791 TI - [Effect of uranium on iodine metabolic kinetics in the thyroid gland (short-term intervals)]. AB - Administration of uranium nitrate to rats is seen to be followed by a rise of the radio-iodide organic transformation constant and by a reduction in the proportion of the radio-iodide fraction released into the blood from the throid. The ratio glandular radio-iodide/plasmic radio-iodide decreases. PMID- 58792 TI - [Experimental study of the catatoxic effects of steroid hormones]. AB - Tests set up on mice and rats brought evidence that spironolactone, progesterone, testosterone-propionate, methylandostendiol, desoxycorticosterone-acetate, methyltosterone, diethylstilbestrol, preparation PCN, megesterol-acetate and mestranol disply a catatoxic action, whose degree depends upon the method of evaluation and the animal species. A pattern for selection of catatoxic agents is proposed and some aspects of their mode of action are discussed. PMID- 58793 TI - L-asparaginase entrapped in liposomes: preparation and properties. PMID- 58794 TI - A transmembrane location for the proton-translocating reduced ubiquinone leads to nitrate reductase segment of the respiration chain of Escherichia coli. PMID- 58795 TI - DNA polymerases of eukaryotes. PMID- 58796 TI - Studies on conformation and antigenicity of reduced S-methylated asparaginase in comparison with asparaginase. PMID- 58797 TI - The role of thyroxine in the regulation of translatable messenger RNA for alpha2u globulin in rat liver. PMID- 58798 TI - Enzymic synthesis of streptomycin. Transfer of L-dihydrostreptose from dTDP-L dihydrostreptose to streptidine-6-phosphate. PMID- 58799 TI - Antigen-specific T-cell factor in cell cooperation and genetic control of the immune response. AB - Cell interactions between thymus-derived (T) and bone marrow-derived (B) lymphocytes in the antibody response appear to involve soluble T-cell mediators known as 'factors.' This paper describes the properties of a T-cell factor that has specificity for the inducing antigen, a synthetic polypeptide (T, G)-A--L, and is able to replace T cells in the thymus-dependent antibody response to (T, G)-A--L. Besides antigen specificity, the main features of the molecule are that it is nonimmunoglobulin; it has a molecular weight of about 50,000; and it is a product of the I-A subregion of the H-2 complex (the mouse major histocompatibility complex). These properties suggest that the factor is closely related to the T-cell receptor, which may, by inference, also be a product of the H-2 complex. The factor cooperates well with allogeneic B cells. It can also be absorbed by bone marrow cells and B cells. Studies on the genetic control of the immune response to (T, G)-A--L using the T-cell factor indicate that two immune response genes in the H-2 complex are involved in genetic control, one expressed in T cells and the other in B cells. This two gene hypothesis has been confirmed by showing that an F1 between two low responders to (T, G)-A--L can be a high responder. PMID- 58800 TI - [Role of a disorder in the neurohormonal systems in a change in immunological reactivity in hypothalamic syndromes and the ways to normalize them]. PMID- 58801 TI - Chick embryonic plasma proteins and binding capacity for corticosterone. PMID- 58803 TI - F-antigen: nature, liver specificity, and release in experimental liver injury. AB - F-antigen is a liver-specific antigen detected with antibody, raised in allogeneic (CBA) mice, to BALB/c mouse liver extract. The authors have confirmed the hepatic specificity of this antigen by showing it to be absent in extracts of extrahepatic organs of mouse and human origin. It is present in liver extracts of guinea pigs, rats, and rabbits, as well as in liver extracts from mouse and human sources. The antigen was present in the circulation of rabbits with acute carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocellular injury. It was also demonstrated in the sera of 3 of 8 patients with acute hepatitis B antigen-positive hepatitis and in 1 of 4 patients with chronic active hepatitis. It was absent from the sera of 121 other patients with a variety of hepatic and nonhepatic diseases, and from the sera of 20 healthy subjects. The antigen is immunologically distinct from hepatitis B antigen, from the liver-specific lipoprotein antigen LP-2 of Meyer zum Buschenfeld, and from each of 15 individual human serum proteins tested. PMID- 58802 TI - Detection of surface and core antigens of hepatitis B virus in the liver of 164 human subjects. A study by immunoperoxidase and orcein staining. AB - The surface (HBsAg) and core (HBcAg) antigens of hepatitis B virus (HBV) have been searched by optic microscopy in the liver specimens from patients hospitalized for various conditions and from 38 HGsAg chronic carriers. The study was done blindly using Shikata et al.'s orcein staining on fixed and frozen material and direct immunoperoxidase on frozen material with antisera specific for surface (anti-HBs) and core (anti-HBc) antigens of HBV. No liver staining could be found in the 98 HBsAg seronegative patients. Among the 28 HBsAg seropositive patients, only 3 showed positive staining: 1 patient with acute viral hepatitis showed nuclear staining with anti-HBc; 2 patients with postnecrotic cirrhosis showed cytoplasmic staining with anti-HBs and/or orcein, and one of them also showed nuclear staining with anti-HBc. In contrast, among the 38 chronic carriers, 25 showed positive cytoplasmic staining with anti-HBs and/or orcein, while one of them (with chronic aggressive hepatitis) also showed nuclear staining with anti-HBc. Anti-HBs and orcein staining are equally sensitive and specific for the detection of HBsAg in hepatocytes; discrepant results can be attributed to sampling error of distribution of HBsAg in small liver fragments. PMID- 58804 TI - [Investigations on the accumulation of radio-bleomycin in gynaecological tumors (author's transl)]. AB - The indication for treatment with Bleomycin in gynaecological tumors is as yet not well defined. At present Bleomycin is primarily used for advanced gynaecological malignancies. Results of our investigations show that the individual affinity of gynaecological tumors to Bleomycin is very variable. In subsequent investigations it should therefore be determined whether the accumulation of radio-Bleomycin and the sensitivity of a gynaecological malignant tumor to Bleomycin therapy show a positive correlation. The probable chances of success of a course of chemotherapy with Bleomycin could then be predicted. PMID- 58805 TI - How to deal with bronchogenic carcinoma in the elderly. PMID- 58806 TI - Meeting the three major needs of the dying patient. PMID- 58807 TI - Proceedings: Should peptic ulcer treatment relieve symptoms or heal ulcers? PMID- 58808 TI - [Paraproteinemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia]. AB - In 10 from 305 patients affected with chronic lymphatic leukaemia a paraprotein was identified by paper electrophoresis in the blood, namely IgG 5 times, IgM 3 times, IgA once and 2 paraproteins IgG and IgM once. The paraprotein content laid between 0.24 and 2.0 g %. During a long-time observation the paraprotein concentrations varied only insignificantly and independently of the number of lymphocytes. In one patient M-gradient disappaered after 2 years. In 8 patients protein could be proved in the urine, in 5 of them 25-65% of the urine protein consisted of light chains. The course of the disease in these patients affected with paraproteinaemia scarcely differed from those patients without this protein anomaly. The conclusion may be drawn from this that the cell clon producing paraprotein is little aggressive. PMID- 58809 TI - Studies on blood components of an air-breathing siluroid fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) in relation to body weight. AB - Different haematological parameters have been studied in relation to the body weight of Heteropneustes fossil (Bloch). The erythrocytes and leucocytes number and haemoglobin concentration increases from lower to higher weight groups. The heart weight also increases along with other blood components. With the unit increase in the body weight of this fish, the heart weight, erythrocytes, leucocytes and haemoglobin increase by a fractional power of 0.85700, 0.13480, 0.13215 and 0.22876, respectively. This shows that haemoglobin increases at a higher rate than erythrocyte number. The coefficient of correlation between body weight and erythrocyte (r = 0.70015), leucocytes (r = 0.95861), haemoglobin (r = 0.96615) and heart weight (0.97577) indicate high degree of correlation. The erythrocytes and leucocytes count and haemoglobin concentration per gram body weight is higher in younger fishes and decrease as the animal grows in size. The haematocrit values and mean corpucsular volumes decrease from lower to higher weight groups, whereas mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration increases with body weight. The erythrocyte cell surface has a decreasing trend from lower to higher weight group. Due to difference in the rate of decrease of greatest and least diameter of erythrocytes, the elliptical shape of R.B.C. which is common in younger animals, becomes circular in higher weight group. The non-granulocytes increase constantly while the percentage of granulocytes decreases from lower to higher weight groups. The lymphocytes constitute the main bulk of all the leucocytes. The total lymphocytes also increase with the body weight. Spindle cells and monocytes are relatively less in numbers. The percentage of eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils also decrease from lower to higher weight groups. PMID- 58810 TI - [Lysis of experimentally produced arterial thrombi by means of local application of ocrase in the dog]. PMID- 58811 TI - [Studies on our own cases of Rendu-Osler-Weber's disease]. PMID- 58812 TI - [Contribution to the problem of polyagglutinability]. PMID- 58813 TI - [The search for hematologic-immunological parameters with prognostic value in children with various tumors]. AB - In a total of 35 children affected with malignant sufferings (except leucaemias) the haematological-immunological parameters of children surviving for a short time are compared with those surviving for a long time. Compared with children surviving for a short time those surviving for long time had a more "normal" finding initially and during the control examination made after more than 5 years of a survival time which was free of complaints and recidives. The immunologically intact condition of the organism is assumed to be decisive for this course of disease. PMID- 58814 TI - [Studies on the immunogenic activity of the Bua antigen]. AB - The fact that 14 persons after contacting Bua-antigen did not develop anti-Bua, that 5 Bua(-) mothers with Bua(+) children did not carry anti-Bua and that 10 rabbits with a long immunization did not produce any heteroanti-Bua either, leads to the conclusion, contrary to previous researchers, that Bua-antigen has only a weak immunizing effect. Therefore, the use of the blood of such blood donors seems to have no enhanced risk of immunization for the patient. PMID- 58815 TI - [Immunological aspects in the L-asparaginase treatment of children with lymphoproliferative diseases]. AB - A group of 20 children, including 14 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 6 with lymphosarcoma, was studied. 24 cures of l-asparaginase therapy were carried out. The increase of serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, IgM) levels was found in children treated with smaller (from 300 to 500 I.U./kg b. w.) doses of asparaginase. In the group treated with higher doses (from 501 to 760 I.U./kg b. w.) the maximal increase of immunoglobulins was observed in the second half of the cure with l asparaginase, followed by a decrease of the immunoglobulins levels at the end of treatment. The presence of anti-asparaginase antibodies in two children with anaphylactic shocks after l-asparaginase has been shown. In these two children and 6 others the lymphocyte count significantly dropped down on the day of shock before l-asparaginase injection. PMID- 58816 TI - [Cytogenetic studies following immune induction therapy]. AB - This work deals with the question whether the immunisation with BCG-vaccine and leukemic cells leads to morphological changes of the chromosomes from children with acute leukemia. In respect of the small number of patients, and of the variant numbers in the single groups it is concluded, that immunological induction therapy is a possible gravitating factor in manifestation of isolate breaks and complex aberrations. It is not known whether one of them or both the components would be necessary, whether dosage and duration of vaccination have any influence, and how long after vaccination the gravitating influence may be seen. PMID- 58817 TI - [Cytogenetic studies after contact with juvenile blastic leukemias]. AB - Persons with long professionell contact to acute childhood leukemia and first degree relatives had a higher tendency of chromosome bursting off in the metaphases from cultivated lymphocytes. Since persons with contact and relatives for one thing and controls for another showed significant differences in the degree of hurtibility of metaphases, cultivation ane preparation could not be responsible for themselves. It is discussed whether the contact to childhood leukemia may lead to any reaction between peripheral lymphocytes and an infectious agent. This reaction itself leads to a higher susceptibility of metaphases from peripheral lymphocytes to the injuring laboratory conditions. PMID- 58818 TI - The lysosomal enzymes of lymphocytes in the premature and the term infant. AB - Activity of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-glucosaminidase was determined in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 29 premature and 20 term infants with the use of cytochemical methods. The results were expressed semiquantitatively and included the total count of enzyme-positive and the enzyme negative lymphocytes as well as the intracellular content of enzyme-positive and enzyme-negative lysosomal granules. The premature infant exhibited significantly lower activity of all the studied enzymes than the term infants. It thus argues in favour of the opinion that the lysosomal apparatus in lymphocytes undergoes development in the course of fetal maturation of the immune system. Evaluation of the activity of lysosomal enzymes in lymphocytes can serve as an indicator of fetal maturity and immunological status. PMID- 58819 TI - [Cellular immunity in newborn infants with hyperbilirubinemia]. AB - In order to identify the possibility of prenatal or perinatal bacterial contact with immunization of the cellular immunity system as underlying cause of the "idiopathic" newborn icterus (without blood group incompatibility) the lymphocyte transformation test with addition of streptolysin O or E. coli antigen was carried out in 68 newborns with a birth weight ranging between 1260 and 4200 g. The sensitization rate identified among the newborns with hyperbilirubinaemia did not differ significantly from those of the control group. Thus an ensured connection between a prenatal streptococcus or E. coli contact and the appearance of an idiopathic newborn hyperbilirubinaemia could not be established. PMID- 58820 TI - Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test: criteria for false positivity and its use in practice. AB - The criteria for false positivity of the NBT test were described including absence of classical clinical signs of bacterial infection, negative blood (and, if necessary, other) cultures, and lack of response of antibacterial treatment as the basis for appreciation of positive NBT test result as false-positive. A case of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with all the criteria being fulfilled was described. PMID- 58821 TI - [Effect of D-penicillamine on the proliferation of reticular cells during the course of experimental amyloidosis]. PMID- 58822 TI - [On the production of anti-human-lymphocyte serum (ALS) by means of combined local and intravenous immunization in swine]. AB - Lymphocytes of donors' peripheral blood were used for the study of pig antihuman ALS preparation by means of local and intravenous immunization. The results were compared with those obtained with exclusively local application of the same antigen. Antisera were tested from the aspect of activity (lymphoagglutination, lymphocytotoxicity, the rosette inhibition test) and for the presence of unwanted antibodies (haemagglutinins, thromboagglutinins, precipitins to serum proteins). Of all alternatives tested the following scheme proved to be optimal: subcutaneous application of 2 X 10(9) lymphocytes with adjuvans on day 0, followed by intravenous application of the same dosage on day 13, and serum harvesting on day 20. Antisera thus obtained displayed titres 1: 32 000 to 1 : 130 000 in the RIT - this being maximum level reached by exclusively local immunization only in some animals. Therefore, favourable immunosuppressive effect in vivo can be expected. Even more profound difference was observed in the level of unwanted antibodies that were found to be on markedly lower level after combined immunization. There is a good reason to suppose that with the help of further techniques, more likely absorption, these can be lowered to acceptable level. It is apparent from the results that with the help of a suitable immunization procedure not only highly active ALS can be obtained but also formation of nondesirable antibodies can be suppressed and, despite their thrombocyte contamination peripheral blood lymphocytes can successfully be used. PMID- 58823 TI - [Studies on cryoprecipitates. 5. Proteinchemical studies]. AB - The total proteins are enriched 2.41 fold by cryoprecipitation. The protein fractions, however, have the same distribution as in the original plasma. With the help of radial immunodiffusion method haptoglobins were measured to have enriched to 351%, IgG to 252%, IgA to 307%, and IgM to 268%. The simultaneous increase of functional properties was systematically observed by taking the complete ABO-isoagglutinin titre as an example. The titre increase moves within the range of 1 to 2 degrees. PMID- 58825 TI - Selective staining or opisthaptor sclerites of some monogeneans. PMID- 58824 TI - Red blood cell survival and hyperbilirubinaemia in the Gilbert's syndrome. PMID- 58826 TI - [Endocrine treatment of gynecologic carcinomas]. PMID- 58827 TI - [Carcinofetal antigens. Isolation, determination, and clinical significance]. PMID- 58829 TI - Studies on carcino embryonic antigen (CEA): effect of carbohydrate and synthetic glycopeptides on CEA competitive-inhibition radioimmunoassays. PMID- 58828 TI - Nucleic acid-reactive antibodies of restricted heterogeneity. PMID- 58830 TI - Factors controlling IgM and IgG antibody responses to denatured trypanosome DNA. AB - Rabbits immunized with complexes of denatured calf thymus DNA and methylated bovine serum albumin (MBSA) produced only IgM antibodies to denatured DNA, confirming the results of previous studies. In contrast, both IgM and IgG antibodies were induced by MBSA complexes of Trypanosoma brucei DNA. A similar response was observed by Gruenewald and Stollar (1973) to T2 bacteriophage DNA, in which the normal base cytosine is replaced by hydroxymethylcytosine. T2 bacteriophage DNA is known to have a high adenine+thymine (A + T) content. It is suggested that the 7S antibody response to MBSA complexes of T. brucei DNA might be linked to the high A + T content in the DNA (especially kinetoplast DNA) of the subgenus Trypanozoon. PMID- 58831 TI - Comparison of in vitro immunogenicity, tolerogenicity and mitogenicity of dinitrophenyl-levan conjugates with varying epitope density. AB - The mitogenicity, immunogenicity and tolerogenicity of various DNP-levan (DNP-LE) conjugates were compared using in vitro methods. Anti-DNP antibody synthesis induced by DNP-LE conjugates was related to the epitope density of DNP, BUT WAS NOT AFFECTED BY Macrophage dependent and was not influenced by the degree of hapten conjugation. These results imply that mitogenicity of an antigen is not necessarily related to the specific triggering of B cells. PMID- 58833 TI - Cellular and humorial immune responses in mice. III. Acceleration of delayed hypersensitivity response by presensitization with suboptimal dose of antigen. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) response in mice induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of optimal dose of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) 10(8)) was accelerated by s.c. injection of the antigen of 10(3) or more doses, given 2 or more days earlier. The accelerated response appeared soon after the injection of optimal antigen dose, that is, 1 or 2 days earlier than the response of non-presensitized control. The acceleration was antigen specific. The accelerated response was generally accompanied by an acceleration and/or enhancement of humoral antibody response. Parallel to the acceleration of DH response, the proliferation of regional lymph node cells in the presensitized mice was induced immediately after the following injection of 10(8) SRBC, 1 day earlier than that of non presensitized animals. These results suggest that presensitization of mice with the antigen induces DH-related memory cells which proliferate immediately after the following injection and function as effector cells for DH reactions, and that the development of DH-related memory cells occurs in close relation to that of helper thymus-derived (T) cells for antibody production. PMID- 58832 TI - Hapten-specific responses to contact sensitizers. Use of fluorodinitrobenzene to elicit migration inhibition and macrophage agglutination factors from lymph node cells of contact-sensitive guinea-pigs. AB - Hapten-specific sensitivity of guinea-pigs sensitized to dinitrophenyl (DNP) contactants and to DNP-protein conjugates was investigated by skin test and by antigen-induced elaboration of migration inhibition (MIF) and macrophage agglutination factors (MAF) From lymph node cells. The delayed contact reaction was highly specific for low doses of contactant and markedly less so for conjugates; lymph node cells elaborted both lymphokines in response to brief exposures to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) or prolonged exposures to DNP conjugates. Elicitation of MAF by DNFB or DNP conjugate was inhibited in the presence of DNP glycine; the activity of MAF induced by DNP conjugate (but not that induced by DNFB) was inhibited in the presence of DNP-glycine as well. These results suggest that contact sensitivity to DNP conjugates reflect two different types of hapten-specific cellular sensitivity mediated by populations of cells with different antigen receptors and possibly, functionally different lymphokines. PMID- 58834 TI - Antigen-non-specific T-cell factor in B-cell activation. Origin, biological properties and failure to show a relationship to H-2. AB - A population of T cells sensitive to ALS treatment release a non-specific factor (NSF) capable of replacing T cells in the response of nude spleen cells to erythrocyte antigens. This factor cannot be removed by immunoadsorbents with specificities directed towards products of the H2 complex, nor by lentil lectin, unlike certain specific T-cell factors. Furthermore, it functions across histocompatibility differences between mouse strains. It has been directly demonstrated that this factor can influence both proliferation and differentiation of B cells in response to a restricted group of T-dependent antigens, of which donkey and sheep erythrocytes are such special cases. PMID- 58836 TI - Disaster procedures report. Report following the Moorgate train crash on 28 February, 1975. AB - There is no substitute for the use of intelligence and common sense both in the drawing up and interpretation of a disaster plan; for compromise in dealing with other rescue services; for ingenuity in filling the gaps in the equipment with which you find yourself provided; and, finally, perhaps most important, for self discipline. None of us is indispensible--there are always others equally able to make decisions. PMID- 58835 TI - The natural heterohaemagglutinin in the serum of the toad Bufo regularis, and its relationship to lower vertebrate immunoglobulins. AB - The serum of the toad Bufo regularis contains a natural heterohaemagglutinin for human erythrocytes, Which appears to have anti-(B + HP) specificity. Results of inhibition and absorption experiments indicate that only one agglutinin is present. The biochemical specificity of the agglutinin may be provisionally described as involving alpha-D-galactose residues linked (1-3) in the B determinant, of red cells possessing the H ANTIGEN. Unlike amphibian IgM, the agglutinin was insensitive to 2-mercaptoethanol treatment; moreover, it could be eluted from the alpha1 globulin region on cellulose acetate electrophoresis. These results suggest that this naturally occurring heterohaemagglutinin has a structure similar to that of plant and animal lectins. The relationship of this observation to the phylogenetic evolution of immunity is discussed. PMID- 58837 TI - Studies of mycobacterial antigens, with special reference to Mycobacterium leprae. AB - Eight individual antigens were detected in soluble antigen preparations from Mycobacterium leprae bacilli by using pools of serum samples from lepromatous leprosy patients as antibody reagents in crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Two of these antigens were analyzed further. Antgent no. 1 gave an elution pattern on Sephadex G-200 corresponding to a molecular weight of 285,000. This antigen was also present in three slow-growing and eight fast-growing mycobacterial species. There was a reaction of complete identity in immunological tests using lepromatous serum pools as well as with rabbit antisera raised against M. leprae and M. smegmatis. Antigen no. 21 of M. leprae showed antigenic heterogeneity when compared with other species. Three types of antigenic determinants were detected; one, called 21A, was shared by all mycobacteria, another, called 21B, was limited to antigen no. 21 of M. leprae; a third, called 21C, was present in all mycobacteria except the leprosy bacillus. This submolecular heterogeneity may indicate a separate taxonomic position of M. leprae among the mycobacteria. PMID- 58838 TI - Increased vascular permeability during passive peritoneal anaphylaxis in the rat. The effects of disodium cromoglycate and a nitroindanedione. AB - Following intraperitoneal sensitisation of rats with rat serum containing reaginic antibody, intravenous injection of blue dye and intraperitoneal challenge with antigen caused a release of histamine, slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) and dye into their peritoneal fluids. The times taken to reach peak concentrations after challenge were less than 2 min for histamine and between 5 and 10 min for SRS-A, whilst concentrations of dye were still increasing after 2 1/2 h. The amounts of histamine released by antigen were sufficient to account for about 60% of this extravasation of dye. Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) and a nitroindanedione (BRL 10833) inhibited extravasation by inhibition of mediator release. BRL 10833, unlike DSCG, was active after oral administration, and for a given inhibition of histamine release it produced a greater effect on extravasation when given orally than when injected intraperitoneally. PMID- 58840 TI - The mechansim of tachyphylaxis to ICI 74,917 and disodium cromoglycate. AB - Pre-incubation in vitro of sensitised peritoneal mast cells for 10 min with either ICI 74,917 (10-5 M) abolished the ability of either drug to inhibit histamine release when subsequently presented to the cells at the same time as antigen. In the case of disodium cromoglycate, tachyphylaxis was abolished by washing the cells after pre-incubation with the drug. The failure to abolish tachyphylaxis to ICI 74,917 was due to the high pre-incubation concentration employed, as at lower concentrations (10-8 M) tachyphylaxis to ICI 74917 was readily abolished by washing. Tachyphylaxis to these anti-allergic agents may be related to a physical blocking of drug receptor sites on or in mast cells. PMID- 58839 TI - Reactive and nonreactive lymphocytes in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. I. Possible role of macrophage-lymphocyte interactions. AB - Previous studies have shown that peritoneal inflammatory exudate cells from guinea pigs with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis proliferate prominently when cultured with the sensitizing myelin basic protein. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained at the same time responded little, if at all. In the present studies, recombination experiments using appropriate mixtures of peritoneal exudate macrophages and PBL show that the presence of such macrophages will not enhance in vitro reactivity of the PBL to basic protein. The oil-induced peritoneal inflammatory response appears to deplete the PBL somewhat of antigen reactive lymphocytes, but does not totally explain the difference in in vitro responsiveness between the lymphocytes in the peritoneal exudate and in the peripheral blood. PMID- 58841 TI - Presence and anatomic location of species and organ-specific intestinal antigens. AB - Several groups of antigens were detected in the ileum of rabbits, rats, and guinea pigs. An antigen present in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells is shared by these species, but is not tissue-specific because it can be absorbed by the liver. Organ-specific ileum antigens are present in the goblet cell mucus. There are different ileum-specific antigens in the three species and they do not elicit autoantibody formation. Additional antigens are located in the basement membrane and some basement membrane antigens are derived from exogenous sources. PMID- 58842 TI - IgE antibodies in patients allergic to rifampicin. AB - In sera of patients treated with rifampicin, who had episodes ascribable to rifampicin sensitization, IgE antibodies were found. These antibodies cross-react with rifamycin SV and with the chromophoric moiety of rifamycins, but not with the side chain of rifampicin. PMID- 58843 TI - Prompt elevation of rat serum alpha-fetoprotein by acute liver injury following a single injection of ethionine. AB - The mechanism of increased alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) production following a single injection of ethionine was investigated by using rats aged 5 weeks at the time of killing. Marked elevations of serum AFP concentrations occurred within 4 days in both male and female rats after administration of DL-ethionine or L-ethionine, although the increased levels of serum AFP and liver triglyceride in the adults were less marked in the male than in the female. No apparent necrosis of liver cells was observed in ethionine-treated rats. Frequent administrations of adenosine triphosphate after a single dose of ethionine prevented the increases in liver triglyceride and serum AFP levels. The increased concentrations of serum AFP, reaching a maximum level within 4 days, occurred before a slight increase in incorporation of 3H-thymidine into liver DNA. The serum AFP from ethionine treated rats was immunologically and electrophoretically indistinguishable from that of fetal, carbontetrachloride-treated or hepatoma-bearing rats. These observations suggest that the increased production of AFP in ethionine-treated rats is closely associated with hepatic injury and is not the consequence of liver cell regeneration. PMID- 58844 TI - Mycobacterial antigens in antibody responses of leprosy patients. AB - A reference system for M. smegmatis antigens in crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to study antibody activities in serum samples of 91 leprosy patients. All polar and borderline lepromatous patients were positive. Mean numbers out of 14 M. smegmatis antigens involved were 4.3 and 3.5, respectively. Precipitins against antigen no. 1 were seen in all lepromatous cases. Antibodies against this antigen were detected in 50% of tuberculoid (polar, subpolar and borderline) cases. Antibody activity against M. avium and M. duvalii antigens was also detected using a staphylococcal radio-immuno-assay. Borderline and polar lepromatous cases showed elevated levels. Antigenic comparisons were made between four slow growing mycobacteria, fourteen fast growing mycobacteria and the leprosy bacillus using lepromatous serum pools as antibody reagents. Four of the antigens detected in M. leprae were also found in slow growing as well as fast growing species indicating a common occurrence among mycobacteria. Antigen no. 1 of M. duvalii, with an apparent molecular weight of 290,000, showed nonprotein characteristics. Further analysis of antigen no. 21, using lepromatous serum pools as antibody reagents, indicated the existence of at least two groups of antigenic determinants. In addition to determinants shared by all mycobacteria, there were antigenic structures apparently unique to M. leprae. PMID- 58845 TI - Acid-fast properties and pyridine extraction of M. leprae. AB - The reportedly unique pyridine extractability of acid-fastness as an identifying characteristic for M. leprae was examined in the leprosy bacilli and in eight other strains of mycobacteria. The initial findings were, in general, in accord with previous reports except that M. smegmatis and M. phlei likewise demonstrated two hour pyridine extractability of acid-fastness. Perhaps, more significantly, it was found that this characteristic in M. leprae is related to aged, probably nonviable bacilli. Some other strains of mycobacteria when tested in aged cultures showed the same phenomenon while M. leprae cultivated in vitro in a recently developed medium resisted pyridine extraction up to three weeks of growth, but thereafter as the culture aged pyridine extractability became characteristic. It is concluded that this pyridine extractability of acid fastness is a characteristic of aging or nonviable bacilli. As such it is not definitive in the determination of whether or not in vitro cultivation of M. leprae has been achieved. PMID- 58846 TI - International Leprosy Association. Members of the association. PMID- 58847 TI - The activity of thiacetazone, thiambutosine and thiocarlide in the chemotherapy of experimental leprosy. PMID- 58848 TI - [Does a "hepatitis C" besides hepatitis B play an important part in blood transfusion disorders?]. PMID- 58849 TI - The effect of interruption of the short posterior ciliary arteries on slow axoplasmic transport and histology within the optic nerve of the rhesus monkey. AB - Tritiated leucine was injected into the vitreous of rhesus monkey eyes to make it available for protein synthesis by the ganglion cells. The short posterior ciliary arteries were cut three hours later or several weeks prior to the leucine injection. A reduction of labeled protein within the retrolaminar optic nerve was seen in all eyes so treated. Autoradiography revealed a diffuse reduction of axoplasmic transport into these optic nerve heads. There was consistent evidence of focal obstruction of labeled protein at the interface between the lamina scleralis and retrolaminar optic nerve. Vacuoles appeared in the most severely affected areas. These histologic changes were followed by gliosis in the areas of ischemic damage. Glaucomatous cupping of the optic nerve head was not seen within six weeks following the induced ischemia. PMID- 58850 TI - Glycoproteins of Sendai virus: purification and antigenic analysis. AB - Solubilized envelope antigens (glycoproteins) of Sendai virus were purified in a DEAE-Bio-Gel A column. Monospecific antisera were prepared against the antigens, designated HN and F glycoproteins. These glycoproteins are antigenically distinct. Immunodiffusion analyses of the envelope antigens of three representative paramyxoviruses (Sendai, Yucaipa, and Newcastle disease virus)did not reveal any cross-reactions among them with antisera specific for Sendai virus glycoproteins. PMID- 58851 TI - The periodic Schiff-methenamine (PASM) staining of renal biopsies--a light electron microscopic study. PMID- 58852 TI - Cardiac transplantation: eight years' experience. AB - Eight years' experience has allowed for standards to be set for the nursing care of the heart transplant patient. Early diagnosis of rejection by cardiac biopsy has improved the treatment of the patient. Cardiac transplantation will be continued at Stanford as a life-saving operation for those cardiac patients who need and want it. PMID- 58853 TI - Evaluation of topical application of ronnel solution for generalized demodicosis in dogs. AB - Of 20 dogs with generalized demodicosis, 18 responded favorably to treatment with 8.5% ronnel solution applied to one-third of the body every 3rd day, in rotation. Duration of treatment was from 5 to 20 weeks. In 2 dogs, the demodicosis recurred and required additional treatment with ronnel. Two dogs died during the study. One death was attributed to ronnel toxicosis; the other was unexplained. Eight of 10 control dogs treated orally and topically for pyoderma associated with demodicosis still had demodicosis 1 year after initiation of the study. PMID- 58854 TI - Gross, microscopic and ultrastructural study of the intestinal tube of Xenodon merremii Wagler, 1824 (Ophidia). AB - The small and large intestines of Xenodon merremii have a similar structure. They are separated by a sphincter of thickened circular muscle. The mucosa of the proximal part of the small intestine is raised into a honeycomb pattern, but distally there are only longitudinal folds. The lining epithelium throughout is of a simple columnar type, with absorptive, goblet, argentaffin and argyrophil cells, but no Paneth cells, villi or crypts of Lieberkuhn are present. PMID- 58855 TI - The use of 5-(125I)iodo-2'-deoxyuridine for monitoring DNA synthesis in organ culture. AB - 5-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (125IUdR) has been shown to be effective in monitoring DNA synthesis in murine tumour and human benign prostatic hyperplasia explants maintained in organ culture for 2 days, thus making possible the rapid screening of antitumour drugs. Uptake was linear for at least 24 hours in the case of the murine tumour and for 6 hours in the case of the prostate. Hydroxyurea almost completely blocked uptake by the murine tumour at doses above 10(-4) mole. Fluorodeoxyuridine (10(-6) mole) markedly increased the uptake of 125IUdR into the human prostate explants. Fixation of the murine tumour explants in alcoholic Bouin after culture did not alter the radioactive uptake and so routine histological examination of the tissue can be carried out after counting, which is a major advantage over [3H]thymidine. PMID- 58856 TI - Mast cells of the human stomach. AB - Mast cells were examined from various sites in the normal human stomach and in the stomachs of patients with gastric ulceration. The distribution of the different types of mast cell granules was determined in the subepithelial region of the normal human stomach. There was a significant difference in this respect between the mast cells at the incisura angularis as compared with those high on the lesser curve or high on the greater curve. Mast cell degranulation (i.e. the shedding of intact granules) and vacuolation were examined with the electron microscope. Degranulation and vacuolation were observed in subepithelial mast cells, whereas only vacuolation was seen in intraepithelial mast cells. The significance of degranulation and vacuolation is discussed. PMID- 58857 TI - An interaction between bleomycin and human serum. The reaction of Ehrlich cells and Triticum plant roots to some antineoplastic drugs alone and in combination with human serum. AB - In two growth tests, one employing EHRLICH ascites tumor cells in suspension culture, the other employing intact roots of wheat (Triticum sativum Lam), the growth inhibiting action of bleomycin (BLM) was shown to be intensified by human serum. Practical consequences of the finding are suggested. No such serum-drug interaction has been demonstrated with other anti-tumor compounds, including methotrexate (MTX) and threosulphan (TRSF). Isolation of the active factor(s) in serum has not yet been attempted. PMID- 58858 TI - Biosynthesis of aminocyclitol antibiotics. PMID- 58859 TI - Isolation and characterization of T-even ghost-tolerant mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli tolerant to the ghosts of T-even phages (T2, T4, and T6) have been isolated from a strain supersensitive to T6 phage. First, T6 supersensitive mutants were isolated from mutagenized E. coli W2252 by replica plating to T6 phage-overlaid agar. One of them, strain NM101, was mutagenized again, grown, and then plated with a high multiplicity of T4 and T6 ghosts. Surviving cells were checked for tolerance to ghosts and adsorption of phages. One such ghost-tolerant mutant, strain GT29, was tolerant to ghosts of both T4 and T6 phages and sensitive to T2 ghosts. This mutant was also sensitive to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and penicillin G and intermediately sensitive to acriflavine, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium deoxycholate, actinomycin D, and lysozyme. Another mutant, strain GT62, was tolerant not only to T4 and T6 ghosts but also to T2 ghosts. It was sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium deoxycholate, penicillin G, acridine orange, actinomycin D, phenethyl alcohol, and novobiocin and intermediately sensitive to acriflavine and lysozyme. Spontaneous revertants of strain GT62 were isolated with a frequency of 2.7 X 10( 9). It is suggested that ghosts attack host bacteria indirectly through the cell surface by a mechanism similar to the transmission hypothesis that was originally adopted by Nomura (1967) to explain the mechanism of the action of colicins, and that our ghost-tolerant mutants presumably have defects in the cell surface. PMID- 58860 TI - Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus: purification and properties. AB - Procedures for the purification of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase from extracts of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain ADP-96 are described. The purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by ultracentrifugation and acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme contained 2 g-atoms of iron per mol of protein. The enzyme had a broad substrate specificity and catalyzed the oxidation of catechol, 4-methylcatechol, 3-methylcatechol, and 3-isopropyl catechol. The activity of the enzyme was inhibited by heavy metals, sulfhydryl inhibitors, and substrate analogues. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 85,000 as estimated by filtration on Bio-Gel agarose and 81,000 as estimated by sedimentation equilibrium analysis. The subunit size determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis was 40,000. The amino terminal amino acid was methionine. The amino acid composition and spectral properties of 1,2-dioxygenase are also presented. Antisera prepared against the purified enzyme cross-reacted and inhibited enzyme activity in crude extracts from the other strain of A. calcoaceticus, but failed to cross-react and inhibit isofunctional enzyme from organisms of the genera Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, and Nocardia. PMID- 58861 TI - Lipoprotein from the outer membrane of Escherichia coli: purification, paracrystallization, and some properties of its free form. AB - In the envelope of Escherichia coli, is a lipoprotein of molecular weight 7,200 as a major envelope protein. This lipoprotein was previously shown to exist in two different forms in the outer membrane of E. coli: the free form and the boundform, which is covalently linked to the peptidoglycau. The free form of the lipoprotein has been purified and paracrystallized by adding acetone to a sodium dodecyl sulfate solution in the presence of magnesium ion. The paracrystals were needle shaped. An electron micrograph of the negatively stained paracrystals showed a highly ordered ultrastructure. The chemical structure of the free form was compared with that of the bound form by (i) the amino acid composition, (ii) the fatty acid composition, and (iii) the peptide analysis after cyanogen bromide cleavage. The alpha-helical content of the free form of the lipoprotein was measured from the circular dichroism spectrum of the lipoprotein in 0.01% sodium dodecyl sulfate and found to be 87%. Using the purified lipoprotein as antigen, antiserum against the free form of the lipoprotein was obtained. Immunoprecipitation of the lipoprotein with the antiserum was found to be very specific, since only the free form of the lipoprotein was found as a major peak when the antiserum was reacted with the whole envelope proteins solubilized in 0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the immunoprecipitate thus formed was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 58862 TI - A biocommunication centre in embryo. AB - Biocommunication and educational technology centres are established features of North American and British campuses. As yet New Zealand Universities have felt little of the impact of educational technology and such centres have been set up here only comparatively recently. This paper describes the Audio Visual Learning Centre of the University of Otago-its aims, its resources, and the strategies which have been selected for translating these aims into realities. Hopefully, this Centre will succeed in building on the achievements of others while avoiding some of the more obvious pitfalls. PMID- 58863 TI - Biocommunication courses for medical students. AB - Properly designed elective courses in audiovisual techniques and biophotography can help the medical student become a more effective communicator. After graduation, whether a practicing physician, teacher, author, researcher, or simply a postprandial speaker at a civic club meeting, he or she will be able to influence the thinking and behavior of others in a much more efficient and interesting manner. PMID- 58864 TI - Importance of full size complementary DNA in nucleic acid hybridization. AB - The size of the DNA product synthesized by RNA-directed DNA polymerase (isolated from avian myeloblastosis virus) was found to be important for complementary DNA (cDNA)-mRNA hybridization reactions. Incomplete cDNA to rabbit reticulocyte globin mRNA formed poor hybrids and presumably lacked sequences needed for hybridization. The size of the cDNA synthesized was influenced by the reaction conditions used. The complementary DNA product contained 10 S material when synthesis was done at high deoxynucleoside triphosphate concentrations (greater than 50 muM) while the product was smaller than the template when synthesis was at lower concentrations. The concentration and size (oligo(dT)6 to (dT)10) of primer had little or no effect on the product size. Increasing the concentration of 10 S globin mRNA caused the cDNA product to contain more small material. The cDNA synthesized at high deoxynucleoside triphosphate concentrations was fractionated into heavy, medium, and light fractions by alkaline sucrose density centrifugation. All hybridized to globin mRNA. The larger cDNAs had a higher TM when hybridized to globin mRNA, a lower dTMP/dCMP ratio (indicating that the poly(dT) region constituted a smaller fraction of the molecule), and gave increased protection of 125I-labeled mRNA from nuclease digestion. The full size cDNA was especially useful for studying the RNA transcribed from chromatin by RNA polymerase. The complement of the 5' end of the mRNA is contained only in full size cDNA; the 5' end is the part of the mRNA first transcribed by the RNA polymerase assuming correct transcription. Thus, full size cDNA can hybridize more effectively to the short RNA transcripts that are obtained than partial cDNA. RNA transcribed from rabbit bone marrow chromatin by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase hybridized twice as efficiently to complete cDNA as it did to partial cDNA demonstrating the usefulness of full size cDNA. PMID- 58865 TI - Effects of sex hormones on the level of the messenger RNA for the rat hepatic protein alpha 2u globulin. AB - Alpha 2u Globulin is a protein synthesized in the liver, secreted into the serum, and excreted in the urine of mature male rats. The effects of androgens and estrogens on the level of the messenger RNA coding for the male rat hepatic protein have been investigated. Castrated male rats have reduced levels of alpha 2u globulin in serum and liver cytosol, as measured by a radial immunodiffusion assay. The livers from these castrated males were found to contain similarly reduced levels of the mRNA coding for alpha 2u globulin, as measured in an mRNA dependent wheat germ cell-free translational system. Administration of dihydrotestosterone to castrated males resulted in increased levels of alpha 2u globulin in liver and serum and this increase in the level of the protein following androgen administration was accompanied by a parallel increase in the functional level of alpha 2u globulin mRNA. Administration of estradiol-17 beta to intact male rats gradually diminishes the levels of alpha 2u globulin in liver and serum. The livers from these estrogen-treated males were found to contain alpha 2u globulin mRNA at similarly reduced levels. The time course of the disappearance of the alpha 2u globulin mRNA following estrogen treatment parallels the disappearance of the protein in liver cytosol and serum. These results indicate that sex steroids affect the synthesis of the hepatic protein alpha 2u globulin by acting pretranslationally, possibly at the level of transcription. Although the liver had not been considered a primary target tissue for sex hormones, these results indicate that sex steroids can affect certain hepatic functions in a manner consistent with the accepted model for the action of steroid hormones on their target tissues. PMID- 58866 TI - The International Reference Preparation for alpha-foetoprotein. PMID- 58867 TI - Regular structures in unit membranes. III. Further observations on the particulate component of the suckling rat ileum endocytic membrane complex. AB - Further morphological observations on the particulate components decorating the lumenal surfaces of membranes of the endocytic complex of the epithelial cells of the suckling rat ileum are presented. The particles each measure approximately 7.5 nm across and give the appearance of the capital letter H in frontal view. They consist of the enzyme n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG). They are arranged in rows called "decorated strips" with the symmetrical lateral bars in register and spaced approximately 14.5 nm apart. Decorated strips lie side-by-side in the external (lumenal) surface of the membrane. They are parallel and sometimes spaced approximately 14.5 nm apart making an orthogonal lattice. The lateral spacing between the decorated strips under certain conditions is reduced and sometimes there is shear between the adjacent ones. Occasionally, shear is present within the decorated strips themselves, with slight displacement of the two sides of each H-shaped particle. A purified preparation of these membranes has been studied by electron microscopy using thin sectioning, negative stain, Markham translation and optical diffraction computer image reconstruction methods. The individual particles comprising the array can be seen in the membrane surface in profile view when dried in a pool of negative stain. They appear either triangular or diamond-shaped in such views. If triangular, they appear to consist of three domains at the corners of an equilateral triangle. One side of each triangular figure is parallel to the membrane surface but separated from it by a dense band of negative stain approximately 2 nm thick that runs along the surface of the membrane. Sometimes a fourth symmetrical domain is visible within this dense band, giving a diamond-shaped figure. This fourth domain connects the particle to the membrane. Thus, each H-shaped particle is a double structure, with each half in profile view appearing as a diamond figure of four symmetrical domains. Each H-shaped particle is believed to consist of either two or four molecules of NAG. PMID- 58868 TI - The crystalline glycoprotein cell wall of the green alga Chlorogonium elongatum: a structural analysis. AB - Members of the Chlamydomonaceae, mostly single-celled green algae, have been shown to contain a crystalline glycoprotein cell wall component. Most of the species examined fall into a class of algae whose walls have an identical crystalline unit cell. Chlorogonium elongatum has been chosen as a representative of this class in order to investigate in more detail its cell wall structure. The alga has a spindleshaped cell wall which retains its asymmetric shape on isolation. Sections from walls fized in the presence of tannic acid clearly reveal a regular subunit monolayer, about 20 nm thick, within the wall. Sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows the presence of at least 2 major glycoprotein species in the wall. Negatively stained purified cell walls demonstrate the crystalline nature of the cell wall. Optical diffraction of bright-field images and direct electron diffraction both give clear diffraction patterns whose spacings extend out to 3 nm and fall on a reciprocal lattice whose vectors describe a 2-dimensional unit cell within the wall 21.5 nm X 7.0 nm and an included angle of 80 degrees. Lattice defects within the cell wall are revealed by both negative staining and surface replication. Through-focal series were used to choose images with the optimal degree of underfocus for image processing. Linear integration and optical filtering of such images gave essentially the same result. A similar image was also obtained by computing the autocorrelation function of the amplitudes in the electron-diffraction pattern and the optical-diffraction pattern of the in-focus image. On the basis of these data a 2-dimensional model of the crystalline cell wall layer is presented. PMID- 58869 TI - Chromatographic analysis of hormone residues in food. PMID- 58870 TI - Radioimmunoassay for measuring antibodies specific for group B streptococcal types Ia, Ib, Ic, II, and III. AB - The object of this study was to develop a test that would measure antibodies directed against group B streptococcal types Ia, Ib, Ic, II, and III. The type specific carbohydrate antigens were purified, labeled with 125I, and used to develop a radioimmunoassay. This procedure should be particularly useful in testing human sera for group B type-specific antibodies, since it requires very small quantities of antigens and measures primary type antigen-antibody interactions. PMID- 58871 TI - The immunopathology of herpes gestationis. Immunofluorescence studies and characterization of "HG factor". AB - Nine skin biopsies from seven herpes gestationis patients were studied by immunofluorescence (IF) techniques. Basement membrane zone (BMZ) deposition of C3 and properdin was present in all nine skin specimens, while IgG deposition was apparent in only one. With in vitro C3 IF staining, positive BMZ staining (HG factor activity) was noted with all seven of our patients' serum samples tested. By standard indirect IF staining, however, only one of these serum samples contained BMZ antibodies of the IgG type. Two cord serum samples, tested by these same methods, yielded positive in vitro C3 staining (HG factor activity) but negative indirect IF staining (IgG). HG factor activity was found to be stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min and in two of three specimens at 56 degrees C for 1 h. Treatment of the complement source (normal human serum) used in the in vitro C3 staining assay with Mg2-EGTA or use of C2-deficient serum as the complement source inhibited HG factor activity. HG factor blocked the specific staining of the BMZ of normal human skin by labeled bullous pemphigoid antibodies. By sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation and gel chromatography (Sephadex G-200), HG factor activity eluted with IgG-containing fractions. The highly purified IgG fraction of two herpes gestationis sera was also positive for HG factor activity. Our studies suggest that HG factor is an IgG antibody that may not be demonstrable by conventional IF methods, but which activates the classical complement pathway. PMID- 58872 TI - Comparison of four techniques for the routine diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. AB - Specimens from 495 patients attending Johannesburg hospitals and family planning clinics were examined for Trichomonas vaginalis by microscopy of Giemsa (GS), Papanicolaou (PAP), and acridine-orange (AO) stained smears, and by culture in Feinberg-Whittington medium. Culture, Pap and GS stained smears from vaginal swabs yielded fewer positives than AO stained smears. Although Pap-stained cytological smears gave the highest number of positives, in 30% of these cases the presence of T.vaginalis could not be confirmed by examination of vaginal swabs. Of the positive AO-stained smears, 93% were also positive by at least one other technique. PMID- 58874 TI - Evaluation of a new technique for the demonstration of gonococci and other micro organisms in host cells. AB - A method (Gram-MGPLG) for demonstrating micro-organisms was compared with Gram and four other known methods. Each method was tested on tissue infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which were then fixed in Bouin's formol saline, formol sublimate, or Van de Grift solutions. Gram-positive organisms in tissues were easily seen even at low magnification when stained by several of the methods tested. Gram-negative organisms, however, are very difficult to locate when stained by Gram's method because tissue components and the organisms are all shades of red, whereas the Gram-MGPLG provided easier location of organisms because these are stained red while the nuclei are blue and connective tissue is green. All methods are markedly affected by fixation; better preservation of cytological detail and improved staining reactions were produced by fixative containing mercuric chloride. PMID- 58873 TI - A practical guide to granulocyte transfusion therapy. PMID- 58875 TI - The development of the isthmo-optic tract in the chick, with special reference to the occurrence and correction of developmental errors in the location and connections of isthmo-optic neurons. AB - The development of the centrifugal projection to the chick retina in the isthmo optic tract (IOT) has been studied by the retrograde transport of the enzyme marker horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injected into the eye at various times during the incubation period. Some neurons in the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION--the cells of origin of the IOT) can first be labeled from the eye following injections on the tenth day of incubation; after injections on the twelfth day or later, about 95% of the neurons can be so labeled. It follows from this that the axons of virtually all the neurons in the ION (including the 60% which normally degenerate between the thirteenth and seventeenth days of incubation) reach the contralateral eye. Since in 12-day old embryos the IOT is between six and seven millimeters in length and HRP can be identified in the perikarya of ION neurons within three and one-half hours, the rate of retrograde transport in the system must be of the order of 48 mm/day. A similar time is required for HRP to appear in the perikarya of ION neurons in post-hatched chicks in which the length of the IOT is estimated to be about 14 mm. This suggests that at some time during the latter half of the incubation period there is a significant acceleration in the rate of retrograde transport, similar to that found for anterograde axonal transport in the chick and rabbit visual systems. PMID- 58876 TI - Bovine leptospirosis. PMID- 58877 TI - Histochemical identification of myosinlike substance in cells of the human dental pulp. AB - In this study of the human dental pulp, substances were found in smooth muscle cells, myoendothelial cells, fibroblasts, and odontoblastic processes that demonstrate staining and extraction characteristics identical to myosin in muscle. It is concluded that the myosinlike material similar to that found in cells elsewhere in the human also occurs in cells of the dental pulp. PMID- 58878 TI - Removal of dentin by fuchsin staining. AB - A 0.5% basic fuchsin-propylene glycol solution was applied to the carious dentin of extracted and vital human teeth, and the depths of the fuchsin-stained dentin and the bacterial invasion were compared on histological sections. Excavation guided by this staining method was always deeper than the bacterial invasion, with differences between the depths being greater in acute decay than in chronic decay. This staining is considered to be a reliable clinical guide for the complete removal of deteriorated dentin without causing failure to remove the infection completely. The depths of the images of dentin caries on the radiographs before treatment and after excavation guided by the fuchsin staining method were also compared. The image on the radiograph was always shallower than the excavated cavity. Dentists must expect to excavate caries cavities somewhat deeper than radiographic images. PMID- 58879 TI - Automated histamine analysis for in vitro allergy testing. I. A method utilizing allergen-induced histamine release from whole blood. AB - A sensitive, automated, histamine assay system has been developed and applied for in vitro allergy testing. Nine common pollen and environmental allergens were used at three log dilutions for in vivo studies utilizing small volumes of blood (15-20 ml). The clinical evaluation was correlated with the results of the histamine release. two different procedures were utilized. The first is the commonly used histamine release from washed leukocytes. There was excellent correlation between the clinical evaluation and the results of histamine release from washed leukocytes in 17 different individuals. The second and simpler method utilized whole heparinized blood which might better reflect the immunologic reaction which occurs in vivo. Aliquots of blood and allergen were incubated for 1 hr at 37 degrees C and each supernatant was then analyzed for histamine release. There was excellent correlation between the two tests in 29 patients tested by both the whole blood and washed leukocyte methods. There was also good correlation between the clinical evaluation of the patients amd the intro tests. The precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of the automated histamine assay make feasible its routine application in the clinical study of allergic patients. PMID- 58880 TI - Allergy to insect sting. III. Allergenic cross-reactivity among the vespid venoms. AB - Recent reports have indicated that venoms may be more beneficial than whole body extracts for the diagnosis and treatment of Hymenoptera sensitive patients. These studies were undertaken to determine the cross-reactivity among the vespid venoms. Eighteen patients who were anaphylactically sensitive to vespid venoms were studied using in vitro leukocyte histamine release. The results (venom concentration for 50% histamine release) were analyzed by linear regression analysis; there was no allergenic cross-reactivity between any of the venoms, except for a modest association between yellow hornet and white hornet venom. In spite of this result 13 of the 18 patients studied were sensitive to three or four of the venoms tested. There is no clear explanation for this observation, but it suggests the existence of multiple major allergens in the vespid venoms, some of which are cross-reactive. Since immunotherapy with inappropriate proteins may lead to the development of IgE and the possibility of clinical sensitivity and since the majority of patients were not sensitive to all venom preparations, we suggest that appropriate diagnostic studies be carried out before the institution of therapy. PMID- 58881 TI - Hereditary vibratory angioedema: confirmation of histamine release in a type of physical hypersensitivity. AB - A new syndrome called hereditary vibratory angioedema (HVA), characterized by pyruritis and angioedema at the site of a vibratory stimulus, was recently reported as a model of nonimmunologic immediate hypersensitivity. The biochemical mediator of this syndrome was not defined initially. This study now demonstrates that in vivo histamine release occurs in conjunction with the local and systemic clinical manifestations following a controlled vibratory stimulus. Histamine is suggested as the major mediator in this inherited physical hypersensitivity state. PMID- 58882 TI - Letter: Inference on mean values and proportions of clinical observation. PMID- 58883 TI - Contributions to ecological chemistry CVII1. Fate of lindane-14C in lettuce, endives and soil under outdoor conditions. AB - In seven successive outdoor experiments, lindane-14C was applied to lettuce or endive leaves as an aqueous formulation (about 12 mg on 20 plants for each experiment). The growing periods varied between 21 and 37 days. After this time, between 4.5% and 13.9% of the applied radiocarbon was recovered from the plants. Conversion rates to soluble metabolites as well as to unextractable residues appeared to be dependent on weather conditions. During the summer months, the radiocarbon in plants consisted of 36% soluble metabolites and of 30% unextractable residues (average of 4 experiments); in autumn, the conversion rates were much lower. The following metabolites were identified in both plant species by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry: a polar group (a free trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, conjugates of the latter two compounds, and unidentified water-soluble products) amounting to 35% of the radioactivity in plants cultivated in summer, and a nonpolar group (a dichlorobenzene, 1,2,3-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3,5, and/or 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, and gamma pentachlorocyclohexene) amounting to 1% of the radioactivity in plants cultivated in summer. The 20 cm top-soil layer had about 14% of the total radioactivity applied to all plants. Six % of the radioactivity recovered from the soil was soluble metabolites and about 50% was not extractable. The soluble metabolites comprised a polar group (free and conjugated 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, and unidentified water soluble products) amounting to 5% of the radioactivity in the soil as well as a nonpolar group (1,2,3 trichlorobenzene, 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,3,5 and/or 1,2,4,5 tetrachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, and gamma pentachlorocyclohexene) amounting to 1% of the radioactivity in the soil. PMID- 58884 TI - Residues of lindane and its metabolites in eggs, chicks, and body tissues of hen pheasants after ingestion of lindane-14C via treated wheat seed or gelatin capsules. AB - Studies were carried out to investigate possible contamination of pheasants with residues of lindane used as seed dressings for the control of wireworms in cereal crops. One group of laying hen pheasants was fed 20 mg of lindane-14C in gelatin capsules while another group was fed wheat seed treated with 100 ppm of lindane 14C for 15 days. Residues in eggs were monitored for about 70 days. Residues in chicks hatched from the eggs were also measured. Concentrations of residues in muscle, liver, brain, and fatty tissues were determined at various times. 14C labeled residues in eggs increased sharply in the capsule treated group and reached an average maximum of about 19 ppm in 8 days. This level decreased to less than 0.5 ppm in about 50 days. Residues in eggs from the pheasants fed treated seed increased gradually to an average maximum of 17 ppm 22 days after commencement of the feeding program. This level decreased to less than 0.5 ppm 50 days later. Residues in hatched chicks were significantly lower than those in the eggs. Highest concentrations of residues were found in fatty tissues which decreased to non-detectable level in 6 months. Several chlorobenzene metabolites were identified in egg yolk and chick tissues. Chlorophenolic metabolites were indicated only in chicks. PMID- 58885 TI - Metabolism of O,O-dimethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate in sheep and rats and of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol in sheep. AB - Sheep and rats metabolized single oral doses of O-O-dimethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2 pyridyl) phosphorothioate (I) to three major metabolites that were excreted in the urine (approximately 70% of the 14C). These were the glucuronide of 3,5,6 trichloro-2-pyridinol, O-methyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate, and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol. The latter two metabolites and the parent compound were isolated from sheep feces. Sheep plasma contained the same metabolites that were found in sheep urine, and no parent compound was detected in the plasma. Tissue residues from I were determined. Visceral fat contained the highest concentration of I-equivalents (11.8 ppm). Sheep excreted a single oral dose of 3,5,6-trichoropyridinol (II) unchanged in the feces and as II-glucuronide in the urine. PMID- 58926 TI - The effects of glutaraldehyde treatment and horesradish peroxidase conjugation on the immunoreactivity of bovine myelin encephalitogenic protein. AB - The effects of the immunoreactivity of bovine myelin encephalitogenic protein (EP) of treatment with glutaraldehyde and conjugation with horeradish peroxidase (HRP) were investigated by complement fixation and immunohistochemistry. Both glutaraldehyde treatment and HRP conjugation of EP decreased but did not abolish the reactivity of EP with rabbit anti-EP. Conjugation of EP to HRP by the two step method of Avrameas had less detrimental effects on the immunochemical reactivity of EP than did the one-step procecure. The use of EP-HRP conjugates to probe for antibodies to EP is an immunochemically sound system with the major limitation that the number of antibody-producing cells is likely to be underestimated due to the failure to detect cells producing low levels of antibody or antibodies directed toward determinants altered by the modification procedures. PMID- 58925 TI - Light microscopic localization of labile calcium in hypertrophied chondrocytes of long bone with alizarin red S. AB - A method which localizes labile 5% ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-amino-ethyl ether)N N'-tetraacetic acid-removable calcium in spherules within hypertrophied chondrocytes and in pericellular matrix using alizarin red S (ARS) is described. Fresh blocks of epiphyseal cartilage approximately 1 mm thick were immersed into 0.5-2% ARS solution containing 7% mounted on glass slides in 7% sucrose or in glycerol-gelatin. The stained tissue blocks were also dehydrated in acetone, cleared in xylene and mounted in Preservaslide. The ARS precipitated ionic calcium as red Ca-ARS salt which was birefringent in polarizing microscope, stable in water at pH 4-9 and in nonpolar organic solvent but soluble in polar solvents, especially in dimethyl sulfoxide. In contrast, ARS-stained insoluble calcium phosphate was stable even in dimethyl sulfoxide. Calcium in the hypertrophied chondrocytes, therefore, was thought to be present in a readily ionizable state instead of as insoluble calcium phosphate. Since addition of 7% sucrose retained as well as improved ARS localization of cellular calcium, the calcium was believed to be present in an osmotically sensitive, membrane-bound cytoplasmic compartment. The ARS-positive labile calcium in spherules which develop in the hypertrophied chondrocytes as well as in the pericellular matrix at the zone of provisional calcification suggested a preparatory stage in the process of cartilage calcification. PMID- 58927 TI - Plasma membrane localization of alkaline phosphatase in HeLa cells. AB - The localization of alkaline phosphatase in HeLa cells was examined by electron microscopic histochemistry and subcellular fractionation techniques. Two monophenotypic sublines of HeLa cells which respectively produced Regan and non Regan isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase were used for this study. The electron microscopic histochemical results showed that in both sublines the major location of alkaline phosphatase is in the plasma membrane. The enzyme reaction was occasionally observed in some of the dense body lysosomes. This result was supported by data obtained from a subcellular fractionation study which showed that the microsomal fraction rich in plasma membrane fragments had the highest activity of alkaline phosphatase. The distribution of this enzyme among the subcellular fractions closely paralleled that of the 5'-nucleotidase, a plasma membrane marker enzyme. Characterization of the alkaline phosphatase present in each subcellular fraction showed identical enzyme properties, which suggests that a single isoenzyme exists among fractions obtained from each cell line. The results, therefore, confirm the reports suggesting that plasma membrane is the major site of alkaline phosphatase localization in HeLa cells. The absence of any enzyme reaction in the perimitochondrial space in these cultured tumor cells also indicates that the mitochondrial localization of the Regan isoenzyme reported in ovarian cancer may not be a common phenomenon in Regan-producing cancer cells. PMID- 58928 TI - Electron histochemistry and ultrastructural localization of carbohydrate containing substances in the sheath of Volvox. AB - The location and characteristics of carbohydrate-containing structures within the intact sheath of Volvox were studied by 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride osmium, colloidal iron, colloidal thorium, ruthenium red and periodic acid-silver methenamine staining. The sheath consists of external and internal fibrillar layers separated by a tripartite structure. The external layer reacts positively with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride, colloidal iron, colloidal thorium and ruthenium red, indicating that it contains acid mucosaccharides. Staining in the external layer is abolished by Ba(OH)2 treatment. The tripartite structure and internal fibrillar layer contain periodic acid reactive groups which do not occur in the external layer. Under certain conditions, reactions between the cationic dyes and the internal material were also observed. It is postulated that the internal matrix of the sheath contains glycoproteins or a mixture of acid mucosaccharides and glycoproteins. Possible functions of the sheath material are discussed. PMID- 58929 TI - A phenomenon of photoenhancement of acridine orange-induced fluorescence. AB - It is a common experience that, with exposure to exciting radiation of the fluorescence microscope, the acridine orange-induced red fluorescence of the nucleus, produced by Feulgen hydrolysis, fades with a concomitant shift to green. The present investigation reports a phenomenon of photoenhancement observed in the hydrolyzed cytoplasm where pale green fluorescence increases in intensity with exposure to exciting radiation. The phenomenon has been noticed in Rhizobium, Oscillatoria, tomato root tip cells and human buccal epithelial cells. It is tentatively concluded that the gain in fluorescence yield is due to certain conformational changes of the acridine orange-protein complex induced by ultraviolet light flux. PMID- 58930 TI - Protection against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with peptides derived from myelin basic protein: presence of intact encephalitogenic site is essential. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a cell-mediated autoimmune response directed toward a component of central nervous system (CNS) tissue, myelin basic protein (BP). Injection of animals with either whole CNS tissue or purified BP in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induces severe and usually fatal disease. Preimmunization of animals with BP in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) prevents EAE. We have examined the relative abilities of whole guinea pig BP and its fragments to protect guinea pigs from subsequent EAE induction. The data suggest that the presence of the intact encephalitogenic site (residues 113-121) in the molecules used for preimmunization is necessary but may not be sufficient for complete protection against EAE induction. PMID- 58931 TI - An improved method for isolation of H-2 and Ia alloantigens with immunoprecipitation induced by protein A-bearing staphylococci. AB - Mouse alloantigens, including the histocompatibility (H-2) and immune response linked (Ia) antigen molecules, can be readily isolated by a new precipitation technique utilizing protein A-bearing, fixed Staphylococci. The antigens are prepared by radiolabeling mouse spleen cells with 3H-leucine, solubilizing with the non-ionic detergent Non-Idet P-40, and purifying by affinity chromatography with lentil lectin coupled to Sapharose. The antigen preparations are mixed with appropriate alloantisera, and immune complexes formed in the mixture are then bound by the protein A sites on the Staphylococci. The organisms, Staphylococcus aureus, Cowan I strain (ATCC 12598), are heat inactivated and fixed, and are a stable, uniform IgG-binding reagent, especially when stored frozen. The antigen antibody complexes are easily eluted from the organisms for electrophoretic analysis. The precipitation mediated by the organisms is more efficient, rapid, and artifact-free than the traditional "sandwich" precipitation technique involving anti-globulin reagents. PMID- 58932 TI - Blocking of MLC stimulation by anti-Ia sera: studies with the virus plaque assay. AB - The development of congenic mouse strains identical at the H-2K and H-2D loci but differing by I-region associated (Ia) determinants has permitted an association to be established between Ia determinants and stimulation in mixed lymphocyte culture reactions (MLR). The present experiments were undertaken to establish whether the Ir-coded control of MLR operated at the level of recognition or of stimulation. Reciprocal MLR were established between A.TH and A.TL mouse spleen cells in the presence or absence of anti-Ia sera directed either at determinants of the stimulating or responding cells. The number of T cells responding was assessed by the virus plaque assay. Anti-Ia sera directed against the responding cells were no more inhibitory of the MLR than normal mouse serum. In contrast, anti-Ia sera directed against determinants of the mitomycin-treated stimulating cells markedly inhibited activation of T cells in the MLR. PMID- 58933 TI - Characterization of an antiserum specific for cell surface antigens of rat mast cells. AB - Rabbits were immunized with rat peritoneal mast cells (RMC) in complete Freund's adjuvant. The antisera (anti-RMC) were checked for their reactivity with RMC by intradermal skin tests in rats. The best serum was selected and absorbed with rat liver cells and rat immunoglobulins, including IgE. The absorbed serum (anti RMCabs), as well as the anti-RMC serum, were then tested for their reactivity with RMC. Both sera were cytotoxic to RMC but only anti-RMC was cytotoxic for rat lymph node cells. Both sera gave positive reactions in rat skin, as seen by the permeability to Evan's blue dye. The binding of rat IgE to RMC was also inhibited by both sera. A control rabbit anti-rat sarcoma serum absorbed with liver cells did not show any interaction with RMC. When 125I-labeled RMC surface antigens were precipitated with anti-RMCabs and analyzed by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, several components were observed. Among these was one with a mobility identical to that of a mast cell surface component that had previously been identified as the receptor for IgE or at least a component thereof. PMID- 58935 TI - Basophil-sensitizing antibody response to herpes simplex viruses in rabbits. AB - Antibodies to herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 were detected in the sera of rabbits by release of histamine from basophils sensitized in vitro with the sera. The time course of the appearance of the antibodies, the dose-response curve of the release of histamine in relation to antigen concentration, the sedimentation characteristics of the antibodies in sucrose gradients, and the ability to destroy the sensitizing capacity of the sera with heat suggest that the antibodies being assessed were of the IgE class. These antibodies were induced in animals injected intradermally, intramuscularly, and i.p. with live virus. The antibodies were detected 1 week after primary injection and a similar time course of antibody appearance was observed after a second or third injection. The same cross-reactivity between type 1 and type 2 virus observed with IgG antibody was also observed with IgE antibody. PMID- 58934 TI - Induction of specific suppressor T cells in vitro. AB - We describe conditions for generating sheep red blood cell-specific suppressor T cells in Mishell-Dutton cultures. The production of specific suppressor cells is favored by increasing antigen dose in the initial culture but can be produced by transferring more cells when lower doses of antigen are used. Transfer of small numbers of cells cultured with low doses of antigen leads to a specific helper effect. Transfer of large numbers of educated cells leads to nonspecific suppression. Suppression can be effected by the effluent cells from nylon wool columns which do not make detectable PFC. A fraction of these cells become resistant to treatment with anti-T cell sera and complement after culture. The suppressor cells are radiation sensitive and must be able to synthesize protein to suppress. They take 2 to 3 days of education to reach maximum suppressive efficiency and will not suppress cultures if added 2 to 3 days after culture initiation. Their production is favored by the absence of mercaptoethanol, suggesting that the observed suppression is not "too much help". The ability to generate specific suppressor cells in vitro should be of great benefit in determining the factors that regulate their appearance in vivo. PMID- 58936 TI - Measurement of IgG-blocking antibodies: development and application of a radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay for measuring blocking antibodies has been developed. We used the ragweed antigen E system to show that the same blocking antibodies (IgG) measured by inhibition of antigen-induced leukocyte histamine release were precipitated in the binding assay (r8 = 0.96, p less than 0.001), thus validating a widely applicable technique for measuring blocking antibodies. Binding of phospholipase-A (Phos-A), the major allergen in honey bee venom, was also shown to correlate significantly with inhibition of histamine release. Hymenoptera (insect) hypersensitivity was used as a model to demonstrate application of the binding assay. Sera obtained from patients undergoing whole body extract therapy contained negligible amounts of specific blocking antibodies. Significantly higher blocking antibody titers to both whole honey bee venom and Phos-A were measured in sera drawn from patients immunized with whole venom. The use of the binding radioimmunoassay should facilitate management of allergic disease processes in which blocking antibodies are thought to be protective. PMID- 58938 TI - Histochemical staining in lymphocyte suspensions complexed with beta galactosidase as an antigen. Unspecific staining of spleen cells by indigo. AB - Spleen cells from mice immunized with E. coli beta-galactosidase were incubated with the enzyme and with 5-bromo-4-chloroindolyl-beta-galactosidase as a histochemical substrate. Some cells are stainable in this reaction, however, not all of them carry specific receptors for beta-galactosidases. Some spleen cells can take up dye and thereby become unspecifically stained. This system is therefore not suitable for the detection of antigen binding to cells. PMID- 58937 TI - Identification of a butanol-extractable human placenta-specific antigen with alkaline phosphatase activity. AB - N-Butanol extracts of whole-term placenta from different individuals were prepared, and used as immunogens to raise heterologous hyperimmune sera in rabbits. Upon immunoelectrophoresis the anti-placenta antisera could recognize at least six antigenic components in the placental extract even after they had been completely absorbed with pooled male serum proteins. However, the antisera so absorbed, designated (-PMS) antisera, could still react strongly with several normal adult tissue extracts including kidney. Systematic and quantitative absorptions of the (-PMS) antisera were thus further carried out with individual butanol extracts of normal adult liver, lung, intestine, stomach, kidney, bone, pancreas, spleen, heart, cerebrum, cerebellum, breast, and packed red cells, as well as a composite extract containing equal amounts of each of the 13 adult tissue extracts. Of the six antigenic components in the placental extracts reacting with the (-PMS) antisera the only one which retained its reactivity with the antisera throughout exhaustive absorptions was associated with alkaline phosphatase activity. This immunologic and enzymologic identity was confirmed with homogeneous placental alkaline phosphatase. Extracts from each of three placentae injected into three pairs of rabbits all produced an identical antibody reaction with the unique determinant(s) of placental alkaline phosphatase. The same identity of precipitin reaction was also found with extracts of 14 other placentae against each of these antisera. It thus firmly establishes that placental alkaline phosphatase is a characteristic placenta-specific fetal protein. PMID- 58939 TI - Comparison of radio-immunoassay and lymphocytotoxicity inhibition techniques for the determination of beta2 microglobulin. AB - Rabbit anti-human beta2 microglobulin antisera can lyse human lymphocytes in the presence of rabbit complement. Inhibition of the lymphocytotoxic reaction by highly purified beta2m was applied to the measurement of beta2m concentration in biological fluids. Parallel determinations were also performed using a radioimmunoassay. Lymphocytotoxicity inhibition is simple and more sensitive than radial immunodiffusion but less sensitive than the radioimmunoassay. beta2m was measured by these two techniques in serum and urine from normal individuals, uremic or transplanted patients. PMID- 58940 TI - The effect of antigen suicide on numbers of cells binding defined antigenic determinants. AB - Lymph node cells from guinea pigs immunized to oxidized ferredoxin (O-Fd) were treated in an antigen suicide procedure designed to inactivate lymphocytes binding the haptenic peptide determinants of the ferredoxin molecule. O-Fd induced DNA synthesis and cells binding either peptide determinant were examined both before and after allowing suicide. The proliferative response to O-Fd and the number of determinant-binding cells were specifically and markedly decreased after antigen suicide. PMID- 58941 TI - In vitro induction and measurement of hemolytic plaque forming cells in man. AB - Following co-cultivation with sheep red cells or ovalbumin, Hypaque-Ficoll separated human tonsillar lymphocytes were demonstrated to generate specific hemolytic PFC with maximum numbers at day 5-7. PFC were enumerated on poly-L lysine coupled red cell monolayers in Microtest-II-plates. Plaque formation appeared to be puromycin-sensitive, complement-dependent and showed clear specificity for the antigen present during the inductive culture. Treatment of PFC with mu-chain specific antisera and complement resulted in complete inactivation of PFC; gamma-chain antisera had no effect. The development of such a simple and sensitive assay system permits the analysis of cellular interactions required for the induction of PFC responses in man. PMID- 58942 TI - An improved quantitative plaque assay for lymphocytes bearing antigen-specific cell receptors. AB - An improved method for the determination of the number of lymphoid cells bearing antigen-specific receptors is described. The method is based on the use of hapten coupled bacteriophage (dinitrophenyl-T4) and detection of lytic plaques formed by the action of DNP-T4 on a target E. coli strain. The method is highly specific (up to 90% specific binding) and can be adapted for use with other antigenic determinants chemically attached to an active bacteriophage. PMID- 58943 TI - Quantitative studies of Gm allotypes. I. Reappraisal of the method using an autoanalyzer. AB - In this study, various parameters for the autoanalyzer hemagglutination inhibition circuit applied to Gm studies, were examined. Details are given of modifications of this circiut and related methodology, that improve its precision and the reproducibility of results: use of a cells counter, effects of temperature, PVP, Tween 20, anti-Gm concentration, etc. The effects of age, storage and freezing on quantitative Gm allotypes antigenicity are also stressed. PMID- 58944 TI - What can be measured with RAST? AB - A theoretical study of the basic principles involved in Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) showed that: 1) When a given serum is tested, the significance of the numerical value obtained with RAST depends upon the serum assayed and the allergosorbent preparation, in a rather unpredictable way. Three factors can be measured: a) The percentage of specific IgE antibodies among all allergen specific antibodies; b) The specific IgE antibody level; c) The product of the specific IgE antibody level and its affinity constant. 2) Simple graphical techniques allow a straightforward determination of all these factors if four dilutions of each serum are assayed at the same time. The results are expressed in two constant parameters (arbitrary IgE unit and allergosorbent capacity). It is concluded that these theoretical calculations may give a fair account of a lack of correlation between specific IgE antibody levels (as assayed with RAST) and several clinical and biological parameters. Furthermore, they provide a simple procedure which makes such tedious manipulations as specific IgE antibody purification quite necessary. PMID- 58946 TI - Antigen and antibody purification by immunoadsorption: elimination of non biospecifically bound proteins. AB - Immunoadsorption is a simple and effective method for purifying antigens and antibodies. The major interfering effect is non-biospecific binding, especially when crude preparations of antibodies or antigens are coupled to the matrix. In this paper various possibilities for eliminating these effects are compared and analysed. It was found that for antigen (AFP) purification pre-elution with a pH 10.0 buffer of high ionic strength (1.0 M) is effective. A major problem in purifying antibodies in the non-biospecific binding of IgG. This can be eliminated by using a non-biospecific immunoadsorbent column, where specific antibodies are not, or only weakly bound and IgG with irrelevant specificity but exhibiting high non-biospecific interaction is retained. This has been applied to preparation of sheep anti-pepsinogen II group protease antibodies. PMID- 58945 TI - Immunoenzymatic methods for the study of surface bound immunoglobulins in mice. AB - Methods are described for the study of lymphocyte surface bound immunoglobulins (Ig) for light microscopy experimentation. a) Live peripheral lymph node cells (LNC) or spleen cells were reacted in suspension under capping conditions with rabbit anti-mouse Ig antibodies. After washing the cells were cytocentrifuged, fixed and relabeled with either peroxidase-(PO) of fluorescein-(Fl) conjugated anti-rabbit IgG antibodies (Method SC). The staining was heterogeneous and three main categories of lymphocytes were distinguished on the basis of a characteristic surface label distribution (1) all label within distinct caps (caps), (2) all label evenly distributed over the cell surface (rings), and (3) an intermediate pattern where only part of the label was concentrated over one pole (polarized). b) LNC or spleen cells were treated for the simultaneous detection of lymphocyte surface Ig and cytoplasmic Ig of plasma cells. For this, live cells were cytocentrifuged, and after fixation were labeled with PO conjugated antibodies. Lymphocytes stained in a continuous ring and were easily distinguished on morphological grounds from the intense cytoplasmic stain of plasma cells (Method D). Positive lymphocyte counts done by this method compared favorably with those obtained by Method SC. Comparison of Fl- and PO-conjugated reagents were done by either Method SC or D, by scoring total positive cells. Although either reagent gave closely similar percentage values, the lymphocytes stained by the immunoenzymatic technique contrasted sharply from negative cells and were as a result more easily counted. Other practical advantages of immunoenzymatic staining over immunofluorescence are (1) the simultaneous visualization of cell morphology and type of label distribution over the cell surface, (2) cell scoring can be done rapidly on a large population sample, and (3) stained slides can be reexamined on subsequent days. A common advantages of Method SC for both immunofluorescence and immoenzymology is that antibody labeled slides can be stored before the final staining step. PMID- 58947 TI - Chromosomal assignment of the HL-A common antigenic determinants in man-mouse somatic cell hybrids. AB - In the study presented here, man-mouse somatic cell hybrid clones were examined by means of radioimmunoassays for the presence of both beta2-microglobulin (beta2m) and the HL-A xenoantigenic determinant. In addition, the clones were examined for their karyotype and the expression of enzymes with known chromosomal assignments. The results obtained indicate that the gene coding for the HL-A xenoantigenic determinant is carred on chromosome 6. The data obtained provides a direct demonstration that the gene coding for beta2m segregates independently of that coding for the alloantigenic polypeptide chain of the HL-A molecule, and that the gene coding for beta2m is carried on chromosome 15. PMID- 58948 TI - A mouse plasma substance carrying beta2-microglobulin activity and lacking in H-2 alloantigenic activity. AB - A mouse plasma substance carrying beta-2-microglobulin activity and lacking in H 2 alloantigenic activity was separated from the blood plasma of A/J strain female mice. The plasma substance had a molecular size of about 300,000-400,000 daltons and an electrophoretic mobility of alpha-globulin. The plasma substance was split by papain digestion to a fragment of about 50,000-60,000 daltons that still carried beta2-microglobulin activity. The papain-split plasma substance was devoid of H-2 alloantigenic activities and Thy-1 and TL alloantigenic activities as well, but yet had a two-component structure that was similar to papain solubilized H-2 molecules. It contained a 37,000-dalton component linked non covalently to an 11,00-dalton component, i.e. mouse beta2-microglobulin. This plasma substance appears to be different from Ss protein or Slp protein, both found in mouse serum. PMID- 58949 TI - High density lipoprotein (HDL) polymorphisms in rabbit. II. A study of the inherited Hl 1 and R 67 antigens in relation to HDL polypeptides. AB - Rabbit high density lipoprotein (HDL) has been isolated by ultracentrifugation delipidated by ether and ethanol, and treated with urea prior to separation of the different polypeptides by gel filtration. The two different genetic polymorphisms known in rabbit HDL were found to reside in two different polypeptides. This conclusion was reached in experiments where a quantitative radial immunodiffusion technique was employed. The results of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS indicate that the Hl 1 antigen resides in a polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 40,000. whereas the R 67 antigen resides in a chain with a molecular weight of 17,000. PMID- 58950 TI - High density lipoprotein (HDL) polymorphisms in rabbit. III. Quantitative determination of HDL and the inherited Hl 1 and R 67 antigens. AB - Immunological quantification of HDL and the inherited antigens Hl 1 and R 67 was performed on serum samples from two rabbit populations (Dutch and Albino) comprising a total of 106 animals. The female animals were found to have a higher concentration of both antigens and of HDL than the male animals. The amounts of antigens and of HDL were not obviously normally distributed, but appeared to be more bimodally distributed. The relationship between the amount of antigens and amount of HDL were tested for each animal. A significant positive correlation was found between the amount of R 67 antigen and HDL both for male and female animals in the Albino rabbit population, and for male animals in the Dutch rabbit population. A significant correlation was also found between amounts of Hl 1 and R 67 antigens in the Dutch rabbit population. PMID- 58951 TI - Herpes gestationis. Ultrastructure and ultrastructural localization of in vivo bound complement. AB - Ultrastructural localization of C3 deposition in the skin of two patients with herpes gestationis was determined by using a peroxidase-antiperoxidase multistep technique. The tissue preparations can be stored for long periods of time and identical sections may be used for light and electron microscopic examination. The reaction products were seen throughout the entire lamina lucida and the basal cell plasma membrane appeared to be accentuated. The most remarkable ultrastructural changes in normal-appearing skin were the destruction of the basal cell membranes on the dermal side, localized cytoplasmic dissolution, and intracellular edema unaccompanied by inflammatory cells. Early, nonvesicular lesions showed basal cell degeneration and dermal inflammatory cells. Necrosis and loss of basal cells occurred in the next stage which resulted in microvesicles in which collagen or a well-preserved basal lamina formed the vesicle base. In the later blister stage, the basal lamina was usually lost. It is suggested that damage of basal cell membranes on their dermal side leads to the destruction of basal cells with the subsequent protrusion of epidermal and junctional substances into the dermis. This may result in inflammatory cell infiltration and blister formation. PMID- 58952 TI - Cutaneous innervation. AB - This is a review of historical facets of research in cutaneous neurohistology. The silver stains, used for some 150 years, led to the discovery of the neurone theory and to contemporary comparative studies. The cholinesterase methods, used since 1950, are the most convenient for general studies of nerves. The fluorescence technique of Falck (1962) is valuable for the study of adrenergic fibers. The electron microscope techniques used since 1950 have allowed the comprehensive description of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers and of corpuscles. The most important unsettled questions pertain to the physiology of cutaneous nerves and precise definitions of cutaneous sensibility. PMID- 58953 TI - From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health, the Center for Disease Control, and the Bureau of Biologics of the Food and Drug Administration: a status report on national immunization against influenza. PMID- 58954 TI - IgE-mediated histamine and SRS-A release from respiratory cells and peripheral blood leukocytes of rhesus monkeys. AB - Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and free respiratory cells (RC) of the mast cell-basophil type were obtained from normal rhesus monkeys or rhesus monkeys with defined immediate-type hypersensitivity to ascaris antigen (AA). PBL or RC from the latter were exposed to AA and the former were exposed to anti-IgE. Histamine (H) release and release of a slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) occurred following exposure of the appropriate cells to AA or anti-IgE. The release of both H and SRS-A from PBL was potentiated by D2O. D2O did not potentiate release of SRS-A or H from RC due to anti-IgE to the same extent. Although potentiation of H release from RC due to AA was observed in the presence of D2O in some individual animals, this could not be demonstrated by statistical analysis of group results. We could not demonstrate potentiation of SRS-A release from RC due to anti-IgE or AA. The results suggest the possibility that there may be differences in antigen reactive cells of the respiratory tree and peripheral blood and biochemical studies may be of use in demonstrating these differences. PMID- 58955 TI - alpha2-Macroglobulin on human vascular endothelium. AB - alpha2-Macroglobulin (alpha2M) has been identified on the luminal surface of endothelial cells in sections of normal human arteries, veins, and lymphatics by the indirect immunofluorescent technique. The specificity of the immunofluorescent reaction was confirmed by immunoabsorption studies. Prior absorption of the anti-alpha2M antiserum by purified alpha2M at equivalence completely inhibited endothelial surface as well as hepatic parenchymal cell staining. Endothelial cells in blood vessels were not stained when sections were treated with rabbit antisera toward alpha1-antitrypsin, antithrombin III, IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, or fibrinogen. The location of alpha2M at the surface of the vessel wall suggests that this protease inhibitor may protect the vascular endothelium from potentially injurious intravascular proteases. PMID- 58956 TI - Beta 2-microglobulin is selectively associated with H-2 and TL alloantigens on murine lymphoid cells. AB - We have used a rabbit antiserum prepared against purified rat beta2-microglobulin to immunoprecipitate molecules from lysates of radioiodinated murine thymocytes and splenocytes. All the molecules that are reactive with this serum have subunits of 44,000 and 12,000 and can be identified as H-2 and TL antigens. Thus, the anti-beta2mu serum can deplete lysates of the majority of the TL and H-2 atigens which can be subsequently recognized by alloantisera. If TL and H-2 are precipitated from the lysates before the addition of anti-beta2mu, no beta2mu reactive molecules remain. Our results indicate that Ia antigens cannot be depleted from the lysates with anti-beta2mu. The studies also suggest that TL and H-2 heavy chains can exist as both monomers and dimers. These observations are discussed with regard to previous studies concerning the native structure of H-2 and TL antigens. PMID- 58957 TI - Synthesis of basement membrane collagen by cultured human endothelial cells. AB - Studies were performed to determine if cultured human endothelial cells synthesized basement membrane collagen. In culture, endothelial cells were attached to grossly visible membranous structures which on light microscopy were composed of ribbons of dense, amorphous material. On transmission electron microscopy, these membranous structures consisted of amorphous basement membrane, and material morphologically similar to microfibrils and elastic fibers. By immunofluorescence microscopy, these membranous structures stained brightly with antisera to human glomerular basement membrane. Cultured endothelial cells incorporated [3H]proline into protein; 18% of the incorporated [3H]proline was solubilized by purified collagenase. When endothelial cells were cultured with [14C]proline, 7.1% of the incorporated counts were present as [14C]hydroxyproline. Cultured endothelial cells were labeled with [3H]glycine and [3H]proline and digested with pepsin. The resulting fractions on analysis by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis contained two radioactive protein peaks of mol wt 94,200 and 120,500. Both these peaks disappeared after digestion with purified collagenase. The peak of mol wt 120,500 corresponds to that of alpha1 (IV) collagen; the peak of the mol wt 94,200 probably corresponds to that of alpha1 (III) collagen. Thus, cultured human endothelial cells synthesize material which is morphologically and immunologically like amorphous basement membrane and biochemically like basement membrane collagen. Cultured endothelial cells probably also synthesize material which is morphologically similar to microfibrils and elastic fibers. PMID- 58958 TI - Streptococcal M protein extracted by nonionic detergent. I. Properties of the antiphagocytic and type-specific molecules. AB - Group A streptococcal M protein was extracted with nonionic detergent and subjected to a number of physical, chemical, and immunological tests. M protein thus extracted was composed of multiple protein bands, ranging from 35,000 down to 6,000 daltons, all having type-specific precipitating activity. The anti phagocytic proteins, however, were limited to three molecular species having mol wt of 28,000, 31,000, and 35,000 daltons, and could be separated from those proteins that had only type specificity. Physical studies indicated that these proteins existed as individual asymmetrical molecules which were not aggregated. By radiolabeling M protein on living streptococci, it was determined that these protein bands were found on the streptococcal cell wall in this multiple form. Also, by pulse chase experiments supported by chemical and immunological data, evidence was obtained strongly suggesting that the smaller, type-specific molecules are used to assemble the larger, antiphagocytic proteins. PMID- 58960 TI - Improvements and simplifications of the ozonolysis-Schiff staining method for plasma lipoproteins on cellulose acetate. AB - Modifications of the ozonolysis and Schiff staining of plasma lipoproteins reduce 11 pre-spectrometric steps to 3. Picrate denaturation of the lipoproteins and absorption spectrometry directly on the wet opaque membrane increase the sensitivity; the volume of sub-specimen needed per length of application site is reduced from 0.7 to 0.1 mul/mm. Reasonably good proportionality between the total lipoprotein concentration and the spectrometric findings are obtained. Two specimens were obtained at an interval of 8-13 days from each of 10 patients; for the arbitrary substance fraction of alpha-, prebeta-, and beta-lipoproteins in plasma the between-series intra-individual standard deviations were 0.021, 0.023 and 0.032 respectively. PMID- 58959 TI - Isolation and immunologic characterization of a human. B-lymphocyte-specific, cell surface antigen. AB - In addition to HL-A antigens, another cell surface protein complex has been obtained from membranes of the human B-lymphoblast cell line IM-1. This complex which was solubilized with papain, consisted of polypeptides of 23,000 and 30,000 daltons (p23, 30). Rabbit antisera to this material precipitated from [35S]methionine-labeled detergent-solubilized cells, three proteins of 39,000, 34,000, and 29,000 daltons. These antisera were specifically cytotoxic for B lymphocytes of peripheral blood, for B-lymphoblast cell lines, and for EAC rosette receptor-positive surface Ig-negative (Null) lymphocytes. The p23,30 complex was not present on T lymphocytes, EAC rosette receptor-negative Null lymphocytes, or platelets. In addition, the p23,30 complex from several cell lines inhibited alloantisera from multiparous Amish women which had been shown to recognize non-HL-A, B-lymphocyte antigens. Some other properties of the anti p23,30 sera antisera were described. PMID- 58961 TI - Specificity of cytoplasmic and cell-wall antigens from four species of Phytophthora. AB - Cytoplasmic and cell-wall antigens and antisera were prepared from four Phytophthora species, and cell-wall antigens were prepared from two Pythium species. Immunodiffusion of the Pythium and Phytophthora cell-wall antigens showed that the two Pythium species did not cross-react with the Phytophthora cell-wall antisera. Immunodiffusion analysis of both cell-wall and cytoplasmic antigens of Phytophthora revealed some degree of specificity between species but not between A1 and A2 mating types in Phytophthora cinnamomi. Species specificity was improved by using indirect fluorescent antibody techniques and by the use of cross-absorbed sera. Agglutination and quantitative precipitation techniques did not significantly improve specificity. It was possible to distinguish serologically between Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytophthora cambivora and the Phytophthora cryptogea-Phytophthora drechsleri group. The absence of consistent serological variation between P. cryptogea and P dreschsleri is consistent with the suggestion (Bumbieris, 1974) that P. cryptogea and P. drechsleri should be considered as one species. PMID- 58962 TI - Morphological components of herpesvirus. II. Preservation of virus during negative staining procedures. AB - The disruption of envelopes and the fragmentation of capsids of equine herpes virus type I observed in negatively stained samples were attributed to viral dehydration on carbon films during preparation for electron microscopy. Prior fixation of virus with OSO4 or glutaraldehyde and subsequent application of negative stain before drying minimized envelope disruption and virtually eliminated the occurrence of capsomere sheets and broken capsids. This sample procedure significantly improves electron microscopic evaluation of herpesvirus samples. PMID- 58963 TI - Comparison of swine vesicular disease virus and Coxsackie B5 virus by serological and RNA hybridization methods. AB - The relatedness of swine vesicular disease virus (SVDV) and Coxsackie B5 virus has been studied by virus neutralization and immunodiffusion tests and by hybridization of the virus RNAs. Clearly defined differences between the two viruses were found by the three methods. Isolates of SVDV from several countries were very closely related but could be differentiated. Recent isolates of Coxsackie B5 virus also appeared to be similar but clear differences could be detected between these and the prototype (Faulkner) strain of the virus. The SVDV isolates were more closely related to the Faulkner strain than to the recent isolates of Coxsackie B5 virus. Perhaps of more importance, the Faulkner strain was more closely related to SVDV than it was to the recent Coxsackie B5 isolates. The significance of these observations in relation to the recent emergence of swine vesicular disease is discussed. PMID- 58964 TI - Electron microscopy of tobacco mosaic virus prepared with the aid of negative staining-carbon film techniques. AB - The negative staining-carbon technique has been applied to suspensions of freshly prepared type strain tobacco mosaic virus particles in high concentrations. Electron microscope images show that paracrystalline arrays of the virus were formed, in which large areas of rods could be viewed along their long axes and in parallel arrays in horizontal positions. High-resolution micrographs showed the protein structure units in rods photographed in both vertical and horizontal orientations. PMID- 58966 TI - An iridovirus from bees. AB - An iridovirus, Apis iridescent virus (AIV), isolated from sick adult specimens of Apis cerana (Hymenoptera) from Kashmir, closely resembles iridescent viruses from Tipula and Sericesthis spp. (TIV and SIV). However, AIV is only distantly related serologically to TIV and SIV and is even more remotely related to several other similar viruses that were tested in tube precipitation tests with intact particles. AIV multiplies in Apis mellifera, forming cytoplasmic iridescent crystalline aggregates in several tissues, but unlike all the other iridoviruses tested, it failed to multiply in Galleria mellonella. PMID- 58965 TI - Differential sensitivity of Rauscher murine leukaemia virus (MuLV-R) to interferons in two interferon-responsive cell lines. AB - The effect of interferon on the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and type-C oncornavirus in two Balb/c mouse cell lines, JLS-V5 and JLS-V9R, infected with MuLV-R was examined. VSV replication was inhibited threefold (0-5 log10) in both cell lines by 10 to 20 units of interferon/ml. In JLS-V5 cells C type virus yields, as measured by 3H-uridine incorporation and reverse transcriptase activity, were also reduced threefold by 10 to 20 units of interferon/ml. However, in JLS-V9R cells, C-type virus replication was refractory to interferon at concentrations up to 1 x 10(4) units/ml. Infectious C-type virus transmitted from JLS-V9R cells to Balb/3TS cells was as sensitive to interferon as virus transmitted from JLS-V5 cells, indicating that resistance of C-type virus in JLS-V9R cells is a feature of the cells rather than of the virus strain. PMID- 58967 TI - [Translocation 46,XY,t(2;5) (q37;q14) and mental retardation. Clinical and cytogenetic study]. AB - A boy, suffering from severe mental and motor retardation, was found to be the carrier of an apparently balanced chromosomal rearrangement studied by autoradiography and fluorescence. PMID- 58968 TI - N-Acetylneuraminic acid molecules as possible serotonin binding sites. PMID- 58969 TI - Slow axonal transport of labelled proteins in sensory fibres of rabbit vagus nerve. PMID- 58970 TI - Non-protein constituents in myelin basic protein preparations. PMID- 58971 TI - Uptake of bleomycin by human brain tumours. AB - The uptake of bleomycin (BLM) by various types of brain tumours after intravenous or intrathecal administration was investigated by bioassay in 67 patients. The correlation between the BLM distribution and the type and characteristics of brain tumours was studied. PMID- 58973 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population study. AB - A country-wide study of the frequency of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was undertaken in Israel for the period 1960-1970. Israel was chosen for this study because of its excellent medical facilities and detailed demographic information. Moreover, the population includes representative groups from all parts of the world for comparison of frequency. A wide variety of motor system disease was screened in all hospitals, clinics, and chronic care facilities in the country, death certificates were reviewed and physicians with a neurological practice were contacted to derive a tentative list of cases. Only those who fit strict clinical diagnostic criteria or had autopsy confirmation were included in estimates of prevalence and incidence. On January 1, 1965, the mid-point of the study, 62 patients with ALS were living in Israel. The age-adjusted prevalence of ALS on that date was 3 per 100,000 population. The average annual age-adjusted incidence for the period 1960-1970 was 0.78 per 100000 population )0.86 in males, 0.46 in females; ratio 1.9:1). There was no appreciable change in trend of incidence over the study interval. Age-specific incidence rates were similar in native-born inhabitants of Israel, immigrants from Europe and immigrants from Afro-Asian countries. The range in age-adjusted incidence among subgroups of immigrants to Israel from various countries was 0.25 to 1.20 per 100000 population but small numbers precluded testing the statistical significance of these rather narrow differences. Mean age at onset was 55.4 years for males and 52.4 years for females. The mean age at death was 60.2 for males and 58.0 for females. The average annual mortality from ALS was 0.58 per 100000 population. There were no familial aggregates of ALS in Israel and autopsy data showed no neurofibrillary changes, granulovacuolar or inclusion bodies. There are only a few other population studies of ALS in different regions of the world. The average annual incidence in these other studies ranged from 0.4 to 1.4 per 100000 population. Thus, the incidence in Israel falls within this narrow range. The present study lends further support to the impression that ALS has a remarkably uniform geographic distribution with Guam and the Kii peninsula of Japan being the only known areas with significantly high rates. If an environmental factor contributes to the pathogenesis of ALS, the factor must also have a uniform geographic distribution. PMID- 58975 TI - Brain changes in newborns, infants and children with congenital heart disease in association with cardiac surgery. Additional observations. AB - The histopathologic pattern in the Central Nervous System in 12 out of 21 new borns and young infants, below 2 months of age, operated for various congenital heart defects, is that of recent necroses in the deep and subcortical white matter of the pallium, seen from a few hours to 8 days following completion of surgery. Type and location of these lesions of ischemic coagulative necrosis, resembling findings in the perinatal respiratory distress syndrome, seem to depend on shock-like states, the low output syndrome of the left heart with hypovolemia and hypotension. The cause of death in all these infants was cardio respiratory failure. The question to what extent glial scars replacing necroses within the mostly non-myelinated fiber systems of the pallium will lead to defective maturation of the brain in later infancy and childhood remains a challenge for neurologic and psychological investigation, even if the heart defect has been successfully repaired by the surgeon. Post-mortem data of the CNS in 24 older infants and children below 9 years of age in association with cardia surgery include thrombembolic infarctions, also, after catheterization alone, diffuse or segmental cortical necroses, and cortical scars, especially in children older than 1 year, confirming data recently reported from this laboratory. PMID- 58974 TI - [Nonaneurysmal vascular pressure lesions of the cranial nerves (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of facial spasm and 1 case of oculomotor paresis are described. The source of the disorder in all 5 cases is mostlikely not an aneurysm of the vessels of the base of the brain. The literature is discussed and thereby it is shown that mechanical disturbances of other cranial nerves (II, V, VI, IX, XII) can be caused by similar vascular (nonaneurysmal) abnormalities. PMID- 58972 TI - Some recent advances in electroencephalography. PMID- 58977 TI - The differential diagnosis of scapuloperoneal amyotrophy. AB - This report deals with a scapuloperoneal syndrome which developed simultanously with pain and distal paresthesias. In addition there was a slight sensory disturbance of glove and stocking type distribution. Motor conduction velocity was within normal limits and all distal latencies of response were normal; only the sensory conduction velocity of the left median nerve was found to be decreased (42.1 m/s). Electromyographic investigations revealed only signs of myopathy. Histological findings (m. deltoideus, m. tibialis anterior) favoured a primary myopathic process. Biopsy of the n. suralis revealed no certain pathological changes. The affection appears to have an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The sensory disturbance and decreased reflexes indicate an involvement of the nervous system, but the question of relationship to the scapuloperoneal muscular atrophy cannot yet be answered. PMID- 58976 TI - The symptomatology, morphology and biochemistry of glycogenosis type II (Pompe) in the adult. AB - The mild, generalized myopathy (glycogenosis type II) of a 23-year-old male, previously thought to have progressive muscular dystrophy, was studied clinically, electro-myographically, biochemically and with light- and electron microscopes. However, the history and clinical aspects, as well as the registration of high frequency discharges in the electromyogram first made the diagnosis uncertain. This kind of spontaneous activity has been found in nearly all cases reported in the literature. Light microscopic and histochemical examinations show vacular degeneration and glycogen storage in muscle fibres. With the electron microscope we found free dispersed glycogen in the cytoplasm and membrane-bound glycogen, glycogen-filled lysosomes. Biochemical measurements of the muscle enzymes, involved in the glycogen breakdown, were normal except for acid alpha-1,4-glucosidase, which was deficient. The evidence of these findings in this abortive form of glycogenosis type II is discussed and compared with the few cases found in the literature. PMID- 58979 TI - A family with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinsonism. AB - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson disease (PD) are known to occur simultaneously among some Chamorro inhabitants of Guam and other Mariana Islands (Stanhope et al., 1972). Outside of the Western Pacific Islands, the concurrence of ALS and PD seems to be rare. However, it has been observed to occur with sufficient frequency to suggest some causal association. The following is a report of a patient suffering from ALS whose family history included PD in several of the immediate relatives. PMID- 58978 TI - [A transferable "myasthenogenic" factor in the serum of patients with myasthenia gravis (author's transl)]. AB - Recent evidence indicates that patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) have a reduced number of acetylcholine receptors (Ach-R) at the neuromuscular junction. It has been shown that this abnormality by itself, when produced experimentally, may induce all electrophysiological signs of MG. Furthermore, autoantibodies against human Ach-R have been detected in the serum of patients with MG. It has been proposed that serum autoantibodies may produce the symptomatology of the disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether prolonged exposure to a MG serum fraction in vivo might serve to bring about the myasthenic disorder. A 33% ammonium sulfate precipitated fraction of serum from 9 patients with MG was injected daily into BDF1 mice for up to 14 days. The amount of IgG in this fraction equaled 10-15 mg per single injection. The mice showed reduced amplitudes of the miniature endplate potentials in the diaphragm (mean reduction by 65%), and a reduced number of Ach-R available for 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin binding (mean reduction by 38% in the extensor digitorum m. and 54% in the soleus m.). In some of the mice a decremental response on repetitive nerve stimulation and clinical signs of muscle weakness could also be demonstrated. None of the animals injected with the immunoglobulin fraction from control sera developed these abnormalities. The results indicate that the immunoglobulin fraction of MG serum contains a transferable "myasthenogenic" factor, presumably an antibody, which is able to bring about many of the characteristic features of MG. These findings provide support for the concept of MG as an autoimmune disease. PMID- 58980 TI - Protein synthesis in zinc deficient rats during tularemia. AB - The effect of zinc deficiency on protein synthesis in rats during tularemia was studied. Five weeks prior to infection with the live vaccine strain of Francisella tularensis, rats had been assigned to one of three dietary groups: zinc deficient (-Zn), pair-fed (PF) or ad libitum (AL). Within 4 weeks, zinc deficiency manifested itself by diminished growth rate, decreased serum and liver zinc concentrations and alopecia. By 18 hour post infection, rats of all groups were febrile and exhibited an increased hepatic uptake of zinc. Despite initially lower concentrations of seromucoid in the PF and -Zn groups, infection elicited an increase in seromucoid concentration as well as enhanced incorporation of 3H leucine into this fraction of comparable degree in all dietary groups. The same held true for ceruloplasmin. Alpha 2-macrofetoprotein also increased to the same extent in all dietary groups. Infection was associated with a decrease in extractable albumin in ad libitum and pair fed control groups. Only the -Zn group showed a significant decrease in specific activity suggestive of diminished albumin synthesis. Zinc deficiency of itself did not cause a decrement in radiolabel in muscle protein. Thus, despite documented zinc deficiency, rats subjected to the stress of infection respond by synthesizing increased amounts of acute phase globulins apparently at the expense of serum albumin and muscle protein synthesis. PMID- 58981 TI - Proceedings: Air pollution standards: an overview. PMID- 58982 TI - Proceedings: Oxidants and human health. PMID- 58983 TI - Environmental statesmanship. PMID- 58984 TI - Urinary protein excretion in early infancy. PMID- 58985 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of mouse alpha 2-macroglobulinlike antigenic determinants on Schistosoma mansoni adults. AB - Antiserum prepared in rhesus monkeys against purified mouse alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha2M) was labeled with peroxidase and incubated with both living and formalin fixed S. mansoni adults (perfused from mice or rhesus monkeys) in order to test for the presence of mouse alpha2M antigenic determinants on their surfaces. Following standard cytochemical processing with the appropriate controls, adult worms of both murine and primate origin were found to have mouse alpha2M-like determinants on their surfaces. Earlier observations by other methods on the presence, approximate distribution, and quantitative difference of alpha2M antigenic determinants on adult worms of mouse or rhesus origin were confirmed. PMID- 58986 TI - A "shocking" ten years at the square--mechanisms of experimental shock. PMID- 58987 TI - Effect of phthalate plasticizer on blood compatibility of polyvinyl chloride. AB - The amount of a phthalate plasticizer on the surface of a sheet of polyvinyl chloride used in the fabrication of blood storage bags was quantified using attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, water contact angle measurement, and weight loss due to methanol extraction. Water wettability increased as the amount of surface phthalate extracted by methanol increased, which indicates that the accumulation of phthalate on the surface increases hydrophobicity. The extraction of phthalate by methanol consists of two steps: (a) methanol first dissolves surface phthalate, and (b) phthalate in the bulk then diffuses through the surface. The adsorption of plasma proteins was investigated to determine the initial events as blood contacts the surface. The composition of adsorbed proteins on the methanol-cleansed surface differs from that on the uncleansed polyvinyl chloride surface. Albumin adsorption onto phthalate-contaminated surfaces is less than on cleansed surfaces while adsorption of gamma-globulin and fibrinogen is greater on phthalate-contaminated surfaces. Protein adsorption can be related to surface thrombus formation. Increases in platelet numbers appeared on phthalate-contaminated surfaces as compared with methanol-treated surfaces. A phthalate may enhance platelet adhesion and aggregation when it exists on a polymer surface. PMID- 58988 TI - Immunopharmacologic properties of WY-16, 922, a new orally effective antiallergic agent. AB - In a series of tests designed to illustrate immune reactions similar to those obtained in atopic disease, Wy-16,922 effectively inhibited reaginic-mediated immunologic reactions in the skin, lungs and mast cell. It was found to be devoid of immunosuppressant, antimediator, anti-inflammatory, steroid or bronchodilator properties as well as acute toxicity. Although the mechanism of action of Wy 16,922 is unknown, it appears to limit the release (not the effects) of allergic mediators in a manner similar to that described for disodium cromoglycate. PMID- 58989 TI - The relation of agglutinins to antigenic variation of Trypanosoma lewisi. AB - During the course of infection in the rat, Trypanosoma lewisi produces 2 antigenic variants: the 1st represents the initial, reproducing population of cells; and the 2nd the nonreproducing, ablastin-inhibited adult population. The specificities of the agglutinins elicited by the variants were studied by adsorption and agglutination methods and the newer immunoelectroadsorption technic. It was found that the reproducing variant has a surface antigen that reacts with the agglutinin specific for the adult variant, but this antigen does not become immunogenic until transformation to the adult variant occurs. It was also found, with fractions of immune sera obtained by gel filtration, that the agglutinin specific for the reproducing variant is IgG and that specific for the adult variant, IgM. The antigenic variants of pathogenic and nonpathogenic trypanosomes are compared, and the roles of trypanocidal and ablastic antibodies in the induction of antigenic variation are discussed. PMID- 58991 TI - Simultaneous G and C banding of human chromosomes. PMID- 58993 TI - Evaluation of a heart sound simulator in teaching cardiac auscultation. PMID- 58992 TI - Using student-produced mediated instruction in teaching physical diagnosis. PMID- 58994 TI - The relationship between Neisseria meningitidis of serogroups Z1 and 29E. AB - Meningococci of serogroups Z1 and 29E were examined serologically and shown to be identical. These meningococci should be designated either as group Z1, which has priority, or preferably by a new designation forming a logical sequence with the currently accepted serogroups. PMID- 58990 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. AB - Three hundred and fifty pregnancies were monitored by transabdominal amniocentesis in the fourteenth to sixteenth week of gestation followed by karyotyping or biochemica assays of cultured amniotic fluid cells and analysis of alpha-fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid supernatant. The pregnancy was interrupted in 36 cases (10%) either becasue of a fetal abnormality or the presence of a male fetus in pregnancies at risk for an X-linked disease. Four chromosomal aberrations were found in 87 pregnancies tested because of advanced maternal age. In 101 pregnancies with a recurrence risk of Down's syndrome, 2 fetuses with an abnormal karyotype were detected. In 11 cases, in which 1 parent was a carrier of a balanced translocation, 2 unbalanced fetal karyotypes were found. Fetal chromosome studies in 43 pregancies at risk for an X-linked disease indicated the presence of a male fetus in 21 cases. Prenatal diagnosis of 11 different metabolic diseases was performed in a total of 34 cases. Microchemical techniques were used to allow completion of the diagnosis of seven different enzyme deficiencies within 9 to 22 days after amniocentesis. Alpha-fetoprotein assay in the amniotic fluid supernatant of 47 pregnancies at risk for an open neural tube defect resulted in the detection of 3 anencephalic fetuses during the second half of pregnancy. The safety and reliability of amniocentesis and the possible effects on the outcome of pregnancy are evaluated. Prenatal diagnosis offers a promising alternative for parents who are at risk of having a child with a genetic disease which can be detected in amniotic fluid or in cultured amniotic fluid cells. PMID- 58996 TI - Pigment containing lipid vesicles. I. Preparation and characterization of chlorophyll a-lecithin vesicles. AB - Vesicles obtained by sonication of chlorophyll a-lecithin mixtures dispersed in anaqueous medium closely resemble the well-characterized vesicles similarly prepared from pure lipids. They are bounded by one spherical lipid bilayer which contains the chlorophyll a. Appropriate conditions for sonication prevent substantial degradation of the membrane constituents. Up to one chlorophyll a molecule per 55 lecithins can be incorporated into membranes. The average Stokes' radius of the vesicles determined by analytical sieve chromatography is 102 +/- 5 A and independent of the chloropyll a content. The membrane is visible in the electron-microscope when the vesicles are treated with osmium tetroxide prior to negative staining. The osmium fixation is, however, not strong enough to allow for a preparation of the vesicles for thin sectioning (dehydration, embedding in epoxide). PMID- 58995 TI - The use of ionophores of rapid loading of human red cells with radioactive cations for cation-pump studies. AB - Techniques are described for the rapid loading of intact human red cells with radioactive isotopes of alkali cations or Ca2+ by using ionophorous compounds (nigericin, gramicidin D and A 23187). Loading was rapid and efficient if the membrane potential of the cells was rendered more negative inside. After cation loading the ionophores could be bound to albumin and removed by repeated washings. The ATP and 2,3-DPG contents of the cells were practically unaltered by this treatment. Passive membrane permeability to Na+ and Ca2+ returned to normal. Loaded erythrocytes pumped out Na+ in a ouabain-sensitive and Ca2+ in a lanthanum sensitive way. Ca2+ -loaded red cells were microspherocytes and exhibited a rapid K+ -efflux. Parallel with the extrusion of Ca2+ cells regained their biconcave shape and normal passive permeability to K+. PMID- 58997 TI - Thoracotracheostomy. AB - When laryngeal carcinoma extends into the cervical trachea, peritracheal nodes, prelaryngeal tissues and skin, or when it recurs at the tracheal stoma, the prognosis becomes rather dismal. To have a hope of cure, a palliative excision must be radical. Developments in the surgical techniques for exposure, excision, and reconstruction which have evolved during the past quarter century are reviewed, along with a case presentation through which the problems and techniques are illustrated. PMID- 58999 TI - Letter: Bleomycin toxicity. PMID- 58998 TI - Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy as adjunctive therapy in selected cases of advanced testicular carcinoma. AB - The findings in 10 patients with advanced non-seminomatous testicular malignant disease in whom either complete remission or reduction in clinical stage was achieved with chemotherapy and later retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy are presented. The procedure in these selected instances allowed for a more accurate assessment of the disease status. The operative findings served as an accurate guide to determine the need for further drug therapy. PMID- 59000 TI - Hemodynamics of hyperthyroidism. The effects of autonomic nervous blocking and anti-thyroid drug treatment. AB - This work was intended to analyze the sympathetic and parasympathetic factors affecting the hemodynamics of hyperthyroidism. Seven patients with hyperthyroidism, diagnosed based on the determinations of BMR, 131I-uptake, T3 resin sponge uptake (T3-RSU), and serum level of thyroxine (T4) were subjected to the study. The hemo-dynamic estimation was done (1) at rest, (2) after vagus blocking by the injection of 0.04 mg/Kg b.wt. atropine and 0.2 mg/Kg b.wt. propranolol before (hyperthyroid state=H) and after (euthyroid state=E) anti thyroid drug therapy. Cardiac output was measured by the dye-dilution method, and the valve was calculated according to the standard Hamilton formula. The following results were obtained. (1) The vagal tone is lower in H than in E, on the other hand, sympathetic beta-receptor tone is higher in H than in E. (2) The sympathetic alpha-receptor tone in H may be equivalent to that in E. (3) There might exist inotropic factors which affect the hemo-dynamics, other than autonomic nervous system in H. PMID- 59001 TI - Inhibition of hypersensitivity reactions by soluble derivatives of baicalein. AB - Baicalein, a flavonoid, is anti-allergic but only slightly soluble in water. The soluble derivatives of baicalein, disodium baicalein-6-phosphate (BPS) and sodium baicalein-6-sulfate (BSS), were synthesized and examined regarding their effects on hypersensitivity reactions. These derivatives inhibited type I and II reactions as classified by Coombs and Gell. The Arthus reaction belonging to type III reaction, however, was hardly affected with either BPS or BSS. The experimental asthma caused by passive systemic anaphylaxis in guinea pigs was prevented with application of BPS. Thus even by the oral route, BPS appears to be clinically applicable to extensive allergy related diseases. PMID- 59002 TI - Antigenic determinants shared by rat lymphocytes and rat brain subcellular fractions. PMID- 59003 TI - HL-A and MLC antigens in the Japenese population. PMID- 59004 TI - A critical appraisal of the effectiveness of scientific presentations. PMID- 59005 TI - The relationship of the major murine histocompatibility region associated IA antigens to mitogen responses. PMID- 59007 TI - A simple visual teaching aid. PMID- 59006 TI - Histochemical studies on the distribution of acidic glycosaminoglycans in human rib cartilage during the aging process. AB - In human cadavers of different age five zones of basic substances can be distinguished around the cartilage cell by using hyaluronidase digestion and Alcian blue stain combined with various MgC12-concentrations. This treatment produces different reactions in the various zones. The zones are numbered according to their distance from the cell; thus zone 1 (Z1 = pericellular zone) is the nearest to the cell. Z 1 and Z 2 (inner territorial zone) contain hyaluronidase-digestible substance but Z 1 stains at higher electrolyte concentrations than does Z 2. The third zone (Z 3 = outer territorial zone) which first appears in childhood always contains hyaluronidase-resistant material and, besides, hyaluronidase-digestible material in adolescence. Since the distance between the cells increases with the proceeding process of aging, Z 4 (periterritorial zone) and Z 5 (interterritorial zone) appear in the cartilage centre. In adolescence only Z 5 can be found; it is slightly hyaluronidase sensitive and stains even at high MgC12-concentrations. In adult and old cartilage a weakly basophilic zone 4 appears. The comparison of fixed and unfixed tissues renders the distinction between the zones feasible as the hyalurinodase resistance is increased in fixed tissue and, on the other hand, the structures appear less outlined in unfixed tissue. As far as the distribution of acidic glycosaminoglycans (GAG) is concerned the territories and interterritories are not clearly defined units, for part of the zones mentioned above can be arranged circumcellularly or, in addition, interstitially depending on the various cartilage regions and on the different periods of life. We assume that the pericellular as well as the inner and outer territorial zones belong to the cell itself and that their step by step appearance is due to a process of development whereas the periterritorial and interterritorial zones result from cell degeneration caused by aging, and expand, mainly, without cellular control. PMID- 59008 TI - [Care of the dying]. PMID- 59009 TI - [Surgery in an African hospital]. PMID- 59010 TI - Characterisation of the enzyme defect in chronic granulomatous disease. AB - Strikingly reduced activity of an enzyme, normally located in the plasma membrane of human neutrophils, has been demonstrated in a male patient with chronic granulomatous disease (C.G.D.). The subcellular distribution of N.A.D.H. dependent reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (N.B.T.) was determined in neutrophils because reduction of this dye by these patients is grossly impaired. Assayed at high concentrations of N.A.D.H. (1 mmol/1), N.B.T. is reduced by enzymes in the cytosol and mitochondria in addition to the plasma membrane by both normal and C.G.D. cells--properties which previously obscured the identity and location of this enzyme. At a more physiological concentration of N.A.D.H. (25 mumol/1), reduction of the dye by the plasma membrane, the principal site of N.B.T. reduction by normal neutrophils, was absent in the patient with C.G.D. It is suggested that absence or imperfect function of this reductase enzyme is the primary lesion in this disease. PMID- 59011 TI - The absence of B-cell antigen B2 from leukaemia cells and lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - 60 leukaemia patients with acute mylogenous leukaemia, chronic myelocytic leukaemia, acute lymphatic leukaemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia were tested for five specificities of the new B-lymphocyte alloantigenic system. Two specificities of the first B-cell locus were significantly lower in frequency than in B lymphocytes from 105 controls. B-cell group 1 was found in 18% of leukaemia patients vs. 48% of controls (p less than 0.025) and B-cell group 2 was found in 0% of leukaemia patients vs 23% of controls (p less than 0.025). Group 2 was also absent in 37 cultured lymphoblastoid lines. It is suggested that resistance to B-cell leukaemia and to Epstein-Barr virus transformation in vitro may be linked to a B-lymphocyte specificity on the first B-lymphocyte locus. PMID- 59012 TI - Immunisation against hepatitis B in man. AB - An inactivated vaccine against hepatitis B was prepared from blood-donor HBs antigen purified on immunoadsorbents. Its safety and efficacy were tested in chimpanzees. Vaccination was then applied in an attempt to protect patients and staff in a haemodialysis unit. The efficacy of the vaccine in man was assessed by observing humoral and cellular immune reactions and by comparing changes in HBs antigenaemia in vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects. The results indicate that this vaccine protects against hepatitis B in the circumstances in which it was administered. PMID- 59013 TI - Plasma-urate measurements in predicting fetal death in hypertensive pregnancy. AB - The relation of perinatal mortality to plasma-urate concentrations and blood pressure was studied in 332 pregnant patients with hypertension. Perinatal mortality was markedly increased when maternal plasma-urate concentrations were raised, generally in association with severe pre-eclampsia of early onset. Plasma urate was a better indicator than blood-pressure of prognosis for the fetus. Maternal hypertension, even severe, without hyperuricaemia, was associated with an excellent prognosis for the fetus. Conversely, when maternal hypertension was mild and hyperuricaemia was severe, the prognosis for the fetus was poor. These findings suggest that, in terms of fetal health, changes in renal handling of urate may be a more important feature of pre-eclampsia than the hypertension. PMID- 59014 TI - Aspirin and congenital malformations. AB - In a cohort of 50 282 gravidas and their offspring in the U.S.A., malformation rates were similar in the children of 35 418 women not exposed to aspirin, 9736 with intermediate exposure, and 5128 women heavily exposed during the first four lunar months of pregnancy. After controlling a wide range of potential confounding factors using multi-variate analysis, the observed and expected numbers for a variety of malformation categories were similar in all three comparison groups. The data suggest that aspirin is not teratogenic. PMID- 59015 TI - Perinatal mortality and birth-weight in relation to aspirin taken during pregnancy. AB - In a cohort of 41 337 gravidas and their offspring in the U.S.A. there was no evidence that aspirin taken in pregnancy is a cause of stillbirth, neonatal death, or reduced birth-weight. The women were divided into those who were not exposed to aspirin (14 956), those with intermediate exposure (24 866), and those who were heavily exposed (1515). Stillbirth-rates were similar for all three groups. Differences in neonatal death-rates and mean birth-weights were slight and none were statistically significant. Trends were opposite among approximately equal numbers of White and Black children. PMID- 59016 TI - Sensitisation of neuroblastoma patients and related and unrelated contacts to neuroblastoma extracts. AB - Sensitisation to neuroblastoma extracts was tested by the leucocyte migration inhibition technique in 8 neuroblastoma patients, 22 relatives, and 49 unrelated contacts. All three groups showed a high frequency of positive reactions compared with 61 controls having no exposure to neuroblastoma. The frequency of sensitisation could be related to closeness of contact, but the nature of the sensitising material and its mode of transmission are unknown. Virus studies by the sensitive techniques of tumour virology are suggested. The absence of case clustering and the low familial incidence of neuroblastoma indicate that simple exposure to the tumour is not a major oncogenic factor. PMID- 59017 TI - Human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine. Rapid prophylactic immunisation of volunteers with small doses. AB - The clinical and antibody responses of volunteers to three intradermal schedules of human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine (0.4 ml on day 0; 0-1 ml on days 0, 1, 2, 3; and 0-1 ml on days 0, 3, 7, and 14) are described. Vaccine was administered to 114 contacts of two rabid patients in order to evoke a rapid antibody response and the antibody titres of 30 of those who were vaccinated and bled were measured. High antibody titres were obtained in all subjects irrespective of their immunisation schedule; there were only minimal local reactions. All volunteers had titres greater than 1/78 (1.7 I.U./ml) by day 14, and 7 of 10 receiving 0.1 ml into each limb on day 0 had detectable antibody by day 7. PMID- 59018 TI - Six cases of cerebromedullospinal disconnection after cardiac arrest. AB - Six cases of cerebromedullospinal disconnection after cardiac arrest are reported. The diagnosis was based on mutism, consciousness and/or wakefulness, and global paralysis, except for some very limited motor functions, mostly eye movements. Consciousness was defined as repetitive contact with the patient by way of simple motor response. Despite of the fatal outcome in all cases, the importance of diagnosis and correct handling is stressed. PMID- 59019 TI - Dorsal-column stimulation in the rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Two patients with chroic neurological deficit due to multiple sclerosis have been treated by percutaneous continuous dorsal-column stimulation. Motor, sensory, and bladder function improved significantly. PMID- 59020 TI - An immunological factor in epilepsy. AB - It is proposed that epileptic discharges could be the result of an autoimmune response to either an antigen released during tissue destruction or an infective agent. A possible mechanism involves the blocking by antibodies of transmitter receptor sites at synapses, whereby synaptic transmission is reduced. PMID- 59021 TI - Is lactase the receptor and uncoating enzyme for infantile enteritis (rota) viruses? AB - Rotaviruses are now regarded as important causes of diarrhoea in man, cattle, pigs, mice, and possibly other animals. Characteristically, disease occurs in newborn and young animals, and infection seems limited to the differentiated gut epithelial cells. The major surface polypeptide of the calf scours rotavirus is glycosylated, and highly purified beta-galactosidase (lactase) interacts with the virus in vitro causing removal of the outer shell of the capsid (uncoating). It is suggested that lactase present in the brush border of the intestinal epithelial cell performs a similar function in vivo by acting as a combined receptor and uncoating enzyme for the rotavirus. This hypothesis is consistent with the observations that rotaviruses seem to infect only gut epithelial cells, and that infant animals, whose lactase concentrations are generally higher than those of adult animals, seem more susceptible to rotavirus infections. Implications of the hypothesis include possible new approaches to laboratory cultivation of rotaviruses, which should be more successful in cells selected for surface lactase activity, and the suggestion that the epidemiology of human rotavirus infections may be influenced by the fact that different ethnic groups have different lactase levels (and hence lactose intolerance) in adulthood. PMID- 59022 TI - Editorial: Vaccination against hepatitis B. PMID- 59023 TI - Editorial: Viral cross-infections in children's wards. PMID- 59024 TI - Editorial: Microbial killing by neutrophils. PMID- 59025 TI - Editorial: E.S.R. or Z.S.R? PMID- 59026 TI - Editorial: The cyclamate ban. PMID- 59027 TI - Hepatitis-B vaccine. Safety criteria and non-B infection. PMID- 59028 TI - Menopausal flushing: does oestrogen therapy make sense? PMID- 59029 TI - The reallocation of resources. Parallels with past experience. PMID- 59030 TI - Letter: Postoperative radiotherapy and breast cancer. PMID- 59031 TI - Letter: How does danazol work? PMID- 59033 TI - Letter: Serum-cobalt. PMID- 59032 TI - Letter: Bromocriptine and secondary amenorrhoea. PMID- 59034 TI - Letter: Blood-pressure. PMID- 59035 TI - Letter: Alphafetoprotein assay in all amniocentesis samples. PMID- 59036 TI - Letter: Body temperature and malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 59038 TI - Letter: Clinical diagnosis of brain death. PMID- 59037 TI - Letter: Acetylcholine-receptor-blocking factor and striated-muscle antibody in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 59039 TI - Letter: Interferon treatment of dendritic keratitis. PMID- 59040 TI - Letter: Metronidazole and tissue zinc/iron ratio in cancer therapy. PMID- 59041 TI - Letter: One-drug regimens for epilepsy. PMID- 59042 TI - Letter: Alcohol and cancer. PMID- 59043 TI - Letter: Red-blood-cell lithium index and long-term maintenance treatment. PMID- 59044 TI - Letter: Lithium and thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 59045 TI - Letter: Thoracic-duct cannulation for bleeding oesophageal varices. PMID- 59046 TI - Letter: Outpatient follow-up. PMID- 59047 TI - Letter: Age dependence of T lymphocytes. PMID- 59048 TI - Letter: Diagnosis and prognosis in pyogenic meningitis. PMID- 59049 TI - Letter: Effect of hypertransfusions on the neonate. PMID- 59050 TI - Letter: Enteropathogenic E. coli. PMID- 59051 TI - Letter: Visualisation of the foot during vascular surgery. PMID- 59052 TI - Letter: Ampoule snapper's thumb. PMID- 59053 TI - Letter: Plasma-propranolol levels in inflammation disease. PMID- 59054 TI - Letter: Dietary iodine and risk of breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer. PMID- 59055 TI - Letter: Enzyme induction and alcoholism. PMID- 59056 TI - Letter: Enzyme induction and increased serum-triglyceride. PMID- 59057 TI - Letter: The radioallergosorbent test. PMID- 59058 TI - Letter: Colonic involvement in salmonellosis. PMID- 59059 TI - Letter: Ear, Janeu, and heart. PMID- 59060 TI - Letter: Childhood seizures. PMID- 59061 TI - Letter: Recurrent herpes simplex. PMID- 59063 TI - Letter: Women in medicine. PMID- 59062 TI - Letter: Smoking and the fetus. PMID- 59064 TI - Letter: D.N.A.-ase in treatment of infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 59065 TI - Letter: Treatment of varicose veins. PMID- 59066 TI - Letter: 1alpha-H.C.C. in chronic renal failure. PMID- 59067 TI - Letter: Fluoride and tea. PMID- 59068 TI - Letter: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. PMID- 59069 TI - George Reid McRobert. PMID- 59070 TI - Jacques Lucien Monod. PMID- 59071 TI - Letter: Anaesthesia for short-stay surgery. PMID- 59072 TI - Obituary: John Kenneth Addison Beverley. PMID- 59073 TI - John Adams MacDougall. PMID- 59074 TI - Blood-lead and hypertension. AB - Blood and tap-water lead levels were examined in 135 hypertensives and 135 age and sex matched normotensives. Among male hypertensives there was a significant excess of cases with high blood-lead levels and a similar but statistically non significant trend was found amongst female hypertensives. A positive correlation was found between blood-lead and tap-water lead. It is concluded that in the West of Scotland high blood-pressure is associated with high blood-lead levels, which might explain the high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the area. PMID- 59075 TI - Von Willebrand disease San Diego, a new variant. AB - A reduced level of factor XII has been observed in 9 of 39 patients with von Willebrand's disease. This apparent common variant of von Willebrand's disease has not previously been described, and its significance is not known. PMID- 59076 TI - Evidence for hyperoestrogenaemia as a risk factor for myocardial infarction in men. AB - Fifteen men who had had a myocardial infarction between the ages of 32 and 42 years were compared with fifteen age-matched healthy men. Seven of the patients had a strikingly slow rate of beard growth, three had evidence of gynaecomastia, and three had a loss of libido. The slow beard growth and decreased libido, and possibly the gynaecomastia, preceded the myocardial infarction. Mean serum oestradiol and oestrone concentrations were significantly increased in the patients, 43.5 +/- 8.8 (standard deviation) and 50.7 +/- 9.5, respectively, compared wth 33.5 +/- 5.5 and 37.5 +/- 5.8 pg/ml in the controls (p less than 0.001). Mean serum testosterone and dihydrotestosterone concentrations were not significantly different in the two groups. Serum oestradiol and oestrone concentrations were directly proportional to each other as were those of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. These results suggest that the hyperoestrogenaemia preceded the myocardial infarction and that hyperoestrogenaemia may be an important risk factor for myocardial infarction in men. PMID- 59077 TI - Glucagon resistance as a case of hypertriglyceridaemia. AB - The hypothesis that glucagon resistance is a cause of hypertriglyceridaemia has been tested by studying the effects of exogenous glucagon in patients with hypertriglyceridaemia and controls. Glucagon and a greater triglyceride-lowering effect in hypertriglyceridaemic patients than in controls. The other metabolic response to glucagon were similar in both groups. No evidence of glucagon resistance was found. PMID- 59078 TI - "Normal" elimination of aberrant autoimmune clones. AB - Tetraparental mouse chimaeras formed by aggregation of early embryos have been utilised in the study of immunological mechanisms. Tolerance in chimaeras has proven somewhat controversial, but recent evidence has suggested the existence of "classic" tolerance and furthermore that this is achieved by elimination of cells potentially capable of fatal self in equilibrium self reactivity. Clonal elimination was also considered to be responsible for the "correction" of the autoimmune disease of NZB mice made chimaeric with a normal strain. It is now suggested that a similar mechanism may be responsible for the "normal" elimination of any aberrant autoimmune clone in both mouse and man. PMID- 59079 TI - Expiratory bacterial filters. PMID- 59080 TI - Editorial: Planning for pandemics. PMID- 59082 TI - Editorial: Macrophages v. cancer. PMID- 59081 TI - Editorial: Cobalt in severe renal failure. PMID- 59083 TI - Editorial: Inheritance of virus-induced diabetes mellitus. PMID- 59084 TI - Editorial: A Wellcome boost. PMID- 59085 TI - Editorial: Montezuma's revenge. PMID- 59086 TI - Swine influenza virus in man. Zoonosis or human pandemic? PMID- 59088 TI - Letter: Radiotherapy and chemotherapy in early breast cancer. PMID- 59087 TI - Estimates of maternal age-specific risks of Down-syndrome birth in women aged 34 41. PMID- 59089 TI - Letter: Outpatient follow-up. PMID- 59091 TI - Letter: "Normalised" values save clinicians' time. PMID- 59090 TI - Letter: Serotyping of E. coli. PMID- 59092 TI - Letter: Hairy cells of leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis. PMID- 59093 TI - Letter: Reverse T3 in screening for neonatal hypothyroidism. PMID- 59094 TI - Virulence for man of a human influenza-A virus antigenically similar to "classical" swine viruses. AB - The newly isolated human influenza-A strain containing swine antigens isolated in New Jersey, U.S.A., was inoculated into six volunteers. Clinical reactions were mild although all volunteers were infected. The longest period for which the virus was excreted was 8 days and the shortest 3 days. In its virulence for man the New Jersey strain was intermediate between a human and animal virus, and was quite clearly more virulent than known swine viruses. It seems possible that the outbreak in the U.S.A. was an isolated event and that the virus will not become established in man. PMID- 59095 TI - Letter: Fungal toxins and endemic (Balkan) nephropathy. PMID- 59097 TI - Letter: Dependence on overseas doctors. PMID- 59096 TI - Letter: Serum-H.D.L. in a therosclerotic heart-disease. PMID- 59098 TI - Letter: The politics of W.H.O. PMID- 59099 TI - Letter: Part-time senior-registrar posts. PMID- 59100 TI - Altered sex ratio in fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 59101 TI - Breast-feeding: "spontaneous" trends and differences. PMID- 59102 TI - Letter: Sequential fetus-fetus interaction and C.N.S. defects. PMID- 59103 TI - Letter: Factor-VIII inhibitor bypassing activity. PMID- 59104 TI - Letter: Anaemia and immune response. PMID- 59105 TI - Letter: K-cell function in patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis. PMID- 59107 TI - Letter: Anal dilatation for haemorrhoids. PMID- 59106 TI - Letter: Lymphocyte-count in children treated with phenytoin. PMID- 59108 TI - Letter: Psychotherapy and behaviour therapy. PMID- 59109 TI - Letter: Appendicitis and mimicking conditions. PMID- 59110 TI - Letter: Excision of pilonidal sinus. PMID- 59111 TI - Letter: Testing pain sensation. PMID- 59112 TI - Letter: Rarity of myocardial infarction in African hypertensive patients. PMID- 59113 TI - Letter: Cerebrovascular response to hypercapnia. PMID- 59114 TI - Letter: Stroke in Africa. PMID- 59115 TI - Letter: Human materials and study of pollutants. PMID- 59116 TI - Letter: The Ogaden famine. PMID- 59117 TI - Letter: Anaphylactic reaction to aprotinin. PMID- 59118 TI - Letter: Tranexamic acid and intracranial thrombosis. PMID- 59119 TI - Letter: Corticosteroids, salbutamol, and R.D.S. PMID- 59120 TI - Letter: Prenatal diagnosis of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. PMID- 59121 TI - Letter: Cholinergic side-effects associated with deanol. PMID- 59122 TI - Acrodermatitis enteropathica and nerve damage. PMID- 59123 TI - Letter: Effect of spironolactone on blood bile-acid levels. PMID- 59124 TI - Obituary: Stephen Henry Brunton Blaikie. PMID- 59125 TI - Intensive care in rabies therapy. Clinical observations. AB - Seven patients in India with dog-bite rabies were treated by intensive therapy. Hypoxia was prevented by intermittent positive-pressure ventilation facilitated by muscle relaxants and sedatives. Other measures, included maintenance of nutrition, correction of fluid/electrolyte and acid/base balances, antiviral agents, immunological stimulation, and intensive nursing care by immunised volunteer staff. The patients survived for from 1 to 17 days after the onset of clinical disease. When survival was prolonged (i.e., more than 2-4 days) by intensive care, the disease had diverse and serious effects, including fluctuations in temperature and blood-pressure, cardiac arrhythmia, and diabetes insipidus. Although none of the patients survived, advances in the use of this technique raised hopes that it may eventually be possible to save some patients. PMID- 59127 TI - Letter: Protein quality--for whom? PMID- 59126 TI - Rauwolfia derivatives and breast cancer in hypertensive women. AB - Three groups of women were selected from a sample of death certificates that had been coded by the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys for all conditions mentioned on them: (1) all women with reference to both breast cancer and hypertension; (2) all women with reference to hypertension and other cancers; (3) a group of women with reference to hypertension without cancer, selected to match the breast-cancer patients with respect to five features. When the women with breast cancer were compared with both the women with other cancers and the women without cancer, there was a positive association between breast cancer and the use of rauwolfia derivatives, although neither the differences in the frequency nor duration observed were statistically significant. The association appeared to be strongest for use near the time of diagnosis of the cancer. This agrees with nearly all other data and would be expected if rauwolfia derivatives promoted the development of breast cancer from previously initiated cells. PMID- 59128 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic disease by synthetic peptide. PMID- 59129 TI - Letter: Heparin and embolism. PMID- 59130 TI - Letter: Fertility-rates after oral contraceptives. PMID- 59131 TI - Letter: Colonic involvement in salmonellosis. PMID- 59132 TI - Letter: Management of painful shoulder. PMID- 59134 TI - Letter: Bumetanide in renal failure. PMID- 59133 TI - Letter: Syncytiotrophoblasts in malignant testicular tumours. PMID- 59136 TI - Letter: Woodpecker's tongues. PMID- 59135 TI - Letter: Poliomyelitis today. PMID- 59137 TI - Letter: Paediatric outpatient follow-up. PMID- 59138 TI - Letter: Doctors on committees. PMID- 59139 TI - Letter: Plasma-propranolol in inflammatory disease. PMID- 59140 TI - Letter: Pyogenic liver abscess. PMID- 59141 TI - Letter: Reallocation of resources. PMID- 59142 TI - Letter: Bowel mucosa in Crohn's disease. PMID- 59143 TI - Letter: Cobalt, cardiomyopathy, and dialysis. PMID- 59144 TI - Letter: Do tricyclic antidepressants work? PMID- 59145 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic obliteration of gastro-oesophageal varices. AB - Percutaneous transhepatic portal-vein catheterisation was attempted to obliterate the major variceal venous supply in 13 decompensated cirrhotic patients, who continued to bleed after conservative therapy. Obliteration was achieved and bleeding stopped in 7 patients. In 5 patients obliteration was technically unsuccessful. The remaining patient had an unsuspected portal-vein block diagnosed by the transhepatic technique. 1 patient with successfully obliterated varices died after a haemothorax and haemorperitoneum developed. Follow-up splenic venography at three to six months in the 6 successfully thrombosed patients showed that 4 had persistent obliteration and had not re-bled. 2 patients re-bled from incompletely obliterated varices. It is concluded that selective obliteration of the major variceal supply is effective in stopping acute gastro-oesophageal variceal bleeding, but that greater experience is necessary before the long-term effectiveness of the procedure can be determined. PMID- 59146 TI - Successful renal allografts across a positive cross-match for donor B-lymphocyte alloantigens. AB - Seven patients received a renal allograft with negative standard and T-lymphocyte microlymphocytotoxicity cross-matches, but a positive B-lymphocyte cross-match using donor lymphocytes. In spite of this presensitisation, none underwent hyperacute rejection and all are functioning from one and a half to six months after transplantation. This procedure may help in the detection of false-positive cross-matches and possibly in detection of enhancing antibodies against a specific donor. PMID- 59147 TI - Effect of a single dose of dexamethasone on serum concentrations of thyroid hormones. AB - In ten euthyroid subjects, in whom endogenous thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.) production was suppressed by oral thyroxine (T4), a single dose of dexamethasone resulted in reduced serum-3,3'5-triidothyronine (T3) concentration and raised serum-3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3 or rT3) concentration after 24 h. These changes were not related to changes in free hormones or binding proteins. Adrenal glucocorticoids may have a pathophysiological role in modulating the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones in stress. PMID- 59148 TI - Quantitative throat-swab culture in the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis in children. AB - A striking difference in the detection of a heavy growth of Streptococcus pyogenes in throat swabs taken from 1054 children with pharyngitis compared with those from 462 normal children was demonstrated when a standardised technique of quantitative culture was used. In patients with pharyngitis 71% of the isolates were heavy whereas a heavy culture was obtained in only 1-7% of healthy children. Also, a significant correlation between the clinical observations suggestive of streptococcal pharyngitis and the results of culture was confined to those patients whose throat swabs yielded a heavy growth of streptococci. It is concluded that bacteriological examination is of value as a diagnostic test only when the results of culture are quantitatively assessed. PMID- 59149 TI - Induced tolerance in cold urticaria caused by cold-evoked histamine release. AB - The interrelations between cold sensitivity and release of histamine and other mediators in five patients with cold urticaria undergoing cold tolerance treatment were studied. Tolerance to cold was produced in all patients by repeated cold exposure. In four patients tolerance was maintained by once daily exposures. In the fifth patient 4-hourly exposures were necessary. Cold sensitivity was associated with histamine release in venous blood draining urticated skin. No prostaglandin activity was detected, and low concentrations of kinin activity were found in blood draining the normal and exposed skin of healthy subjects as well as in patients with cold urticaria. After induction of tolerance, no histamine release occurred on challenge by cold. Relapse of sensitivity was associated with reappearance of histamine release on challenge. The conclusion that tolerance is due to depletion of histamine stores in skin after repeated cold exposure was supported by diminished wealing in response to injection of a histamine liberator (compound 48/80) in cold-tolerant skin. PMID- 59150 TI - Prevention of muscle cramps in haemodialysis patients by quinine sulphate. AB - Nine patients on maintenance haemodialysis with frequent muscle cramps were given 320 mg quinine sulphate or placebo (in an identical gelatin capsule) at the beginning of each dialysis for a period of 12 weeks. The frequency of cramps was significantly reduced during dialysis in patients receiving quinine sulphate. None of the haematological, auditory, or visual disturbances ascribed to quinine sulphate were noted. PMID- 59151 TI - Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on plasma-renin activity and intractable hypertension in patients receiving regular dialysis treatment. AB - The effect of propranolol has been studied in two patients with chronic renal failure and hypertension which remained refractory despite the removal of excess sodium and water by dialysis. Measurements of plasma-renin, exchangeable sodium, and blood-volume demonstrated that in both patients hypertension was due to excess renin. The administration of propranolol was followed by a rapid fall in blood-pressure to normal, thereby obviating the need for bilateral nephrectomy. In both patients the fall in blood-pressure was accompanied by a striking fall in plasma-renin, and in one there was a highly significant association between plasma-renin activity and mean arterial pressure. PMID- 59152 TI - Bacteroides: an unusual cause of breast abscess. AB - Three cases of breast abscess from which the non-sporing anaerobe Bacteroides was isolated are described. This organism has apparently not previously been reported as a cause of abscess in a breast without underlying malignancy. PMID- 59153 TI - Peptide transmitters: a unifying hypothesis for euphoria, respiration, sleep, and the action of lithium. AB - Actions of morphine include analgesia, sleep, euphoria, and depression of respiration. Transmitter or modulator substances in the brain that have actions similar to morphine may control these functions in man. This hypothesis proposes that enkephalin is a controlling neurotransmitter and its binding to opiate receptors determines mood state as well as influencing respiratory and sleep patterns. Lithium may act through modification of the opiate receptor affinity for an endogenous morphine-like substance. The theory predicts blocking action of naloxone in mania and in most drug-induced euphorias. It implies a new chemical pathophysiological basis for the phenomenology of mental illness. PMID- 59154 TI - Two mechanisms for hypothyroidism after 131I therapy. AB - It is proposed that the incidence of hypothyroidism after radioiodine therapy of thyrotoxicosis has two distinct mechanism. One operates in the first two years after therapy and depends on radiation dose. The other operates in later years, and is not, to any significant extent, dose dependent. Possible canidates for each mechanism are explored. PMID- 59155 TI - Editorial: Photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 59156 TI - Editorial: The future of community medicine. PMID- 59157 TI - Editorial: Immune complexes in rheumatic disease. PMID- 59158 TI - Editorial: Southampton away. PMID- 59159 TI - Editorial: Radiation nephropathy. PMID- 59160 TI - Community medicine: has it a future? PMID- 59161 TI - Cholera transmission near a cholera hospital. AB - A review of the incidence of cholera from 1964 through 1974 in Matlab, Bangladesh, revealed that among the villages several had very high incidence rates. Investigation indicated that high cholera-rates in two of these villages were probably related to water contamination from a nearby cholera hospital established in 1963. The data imply that heavy contamination can overcome any immunity resulting from repeated exposure. PMID- 59162 TI - Failure of sanitary wells to protect against cholera and other diarrhoeas in Bangladesh. AB - Within an area of Bangladesh in which the incidence of cholera was high, use of sanitary pipe wells did not protect against cholera or related non-cholera diarrhoeas because well users also used contaminated water sources regularly enough to maintain high infection-rates. Protection was found to correlate with education and wealth. PMID- 59163 TI - Letter: Duchenne carrier detection. PMID- 59164 TI - Letter: Very early diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 59165 TI - Letter: E.C.G. changes as sign of hypoxia intra partum. PMID- 59167 TI - Letter: Pathogenesis of essential hypertension. PMID- 59166 TI - Ultrasound monitoring of fetal movements. PMID- 59168 TI - Letter: Myocardial damage due to faulty heat exchange. PMID- 59169 TI - Letter: Intravenous fat and E.F.A. PMID- 59170 TI - Letter: Stress and C.H.D. PMID- 59171 TI - Letter: Prostaglandin E1 for interrupted aortic arch in the neonate. PMID- 59173 TI - Letter: Enhanced antibody responses in active chronic hepatitis. PMID- 59172 TI - Letter: Intrapleural B.C.G. treatment of experimental lung tumours. PMID- 59174 TI - Letter: Plasmapheresis and immunostimulation. PMID- 59175 TI - Letter: Lipopolysaccharides in Crohn's disease. PMID- 59176 TI - Letter: Reduced active thyroid-hormone levels in acute illness. PMID- 59177 TI - Letter: Aluminium and dialysis encephalopathy. PMID- 59178 TI - Letter: Dog bites in children. PMID- 59179 TI - Letter: Amniotic-fluid A.F.P. and omphalocele. PMID- 59180 TI - Letter: Transfer factor in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 59181 TI - Cysteamine, methionine, and penicillamine in the treatment of paracetamol poisoning. AB - 60 patients with paracetamol poisoning have been treated with intravenous cysteamine, L-methionine, or D-penicillamine and the incidence and severity of hepatic necrosis compared with those observed in 70 patients receiving supportive therapy only. Of 31 patients with 4-hour plasma-paracetamol concentrations greater than 250 mug/ml given supportive therapy 22 sustained severe liver damage, 3 died in hepatic failure, and 4 developed acute renal failure. None of 23 similarly poisoned patients given cysteamine within 10 hours of ingestion suffered severe liver damage or renal failure and none died. Cysteamine was partially effective at 10-12 hours, but ineffective 12 hours or more after ingestion. Liver damage was absent or mild in 17 patients given L-methionine within 10-12 hours of ingestion but severe in 3 treated within 10 hours. Of 5 patients treated with D-penicillamine, 1 developed severe liver damage with acute renal failure. It is concluded that cysteamine prevents severe liver damage after paracetamol poisoning if given within 10 hours in adequate dosage. PMID- 59182 TI - Death from ischaemic heart-disease and malignancy in adult patients with coeliac disease. AB - The cause of death was obtained for 77 members of the Coeliac Society resident in England and Wales. Proportional mortality analysis revealed a significant deficiency in deaths from ischaemic heart-disease in males and a non-significant deficiency in females. It is suggested that this apparent protective effect of coeliac disease might result from malabsorption of dietary lipids. The study also confirmed findings of an excess of deaths from lymphoma and upper gastrointestinal neoplasms. PMID- 59183 TI - Suppression of sympathetic nervous function in low-renin essential hypertension. AB - Study of general haemodynamics in 15 patients with low-renin essential hypertension showed haemodynamic and pathophysiological heterogeneity. However, there was suppression of sympathetic nervous system function in all low-renin patients, regardless of haemodynamic pattern. Subnormal sympathetic nervous activity was manifested by a low normal mean plasma-noradrenaline concentration at rest, diminished noradrenaline responsiveness to postural stimulation, and a reduced blood-pressure response to the indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine tyramine. It is proposed that the syndrome of low-renin essential hypertension is of diverse aetiology, but with secondary sympathetic nervous system underactivity as a feature common to the various forms. The low plasma-renin activity is probably an expression of defective sympathetic nervous system stimulation of renin release. PMID- 59184 TI - Cirrhosis in South London. AB - Alcoholism was the major aetiological factor in 65% of 78 patients presenting with cirrhosis to a hospital in Central London during 1968-74. It is suggested that in the U.K. the importance of alcoholism in patients with cirrhosis has been underestimated. PMID- 59185 TI - Effectiveness of Zagreb antivenom against envenoming by the adder, Vipera berus. AB - Rhesus monkeys injected subcutaneously with 2, 3, or 4 mg Vipera berus venom per kg body-weight all died in shock. With 1 mg/kg the monkey had severe systemic and local effects taking 12 days to resolve. Five monkeys each recieved 4 mg/kg (a triple-lethal dose) and Zagreb antivenom was injected intravenously 1-4 hours after venom injection. The contents of 2 ampoules (10-8 ml) up to 3 hours later saved the monkeys; at 4 hours later the monkey died. But when the antivenom dose was raised to 16-2 ml 4 hours after venom, it saved the monkey. In addition to saving life, the antivenom greatly reduced the local venom effects. It is suggested that the results justify giving Zagreb antivenom to patients with severe adder-bite poisoning; and it should also be considered in adults to minimise morbidity from local effects. PMID- 59186 TI - Congenital nephrotic syndrome: prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling by estimation of aminotic-fluid and maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein. AB - Nine families in which a previous child had had congenital nephrotic syndrome (C.N.) sought genetic counselling and possible antenatal diagnosis of fetal disease. Maternal serum and amniotic-fluid alpha-fetoprotein (A.F.P.) assays were carried out between the 15th and 20th weeks of subsequent pregnancies. Seven women in whom A.F.P. concentrations were normal chose to continue pregnancy, and they were all delivered of a healthy child. Markedly raised amniotic A.F.P. concentrations were found in two cases; in one of these cases maternal serum A.F.P. was also raised. These pregnancies were terminated, and electron microscopy of the fetal kidneys showed evidence of C.N. in the fetus--i.e., loss of foot processes and an increase in the mesangial matrix of the glomeruli. The outcomes of these at-risk pregnancies indicate that prenatal diagnosis and genetic counselling are possible in families with a history of C.N. The results also stress the importance of carefully examining fetal kidneys whenever amniotic fluid A.F.P. concentration is raised in the absence of apparent malformations. PMID- 59187 TI - Dietary antibodies and myocardial infarction. AB - Serum milk, egg, and gluten antibody titres were measured in ninety men with acute myocardial infarction and compared with those of thirty-six age-matched male controls. None of the antibody titres was higher in the patients with myocardial infarction, nor was there a significant correlation between antibody titres and the Norris prognostic index or death before hospital discharge. The results do not support the suggestion that immunological mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of coronary heart-disease and atherosclerosis. PMID- 59188 TI - Behaviour of e antigen and antibody during chronic active liver disease. Relation to HB antigen-antibody system and prognosis. AB - Serial determinations of e antigen and e antibody were made in 20 patients with chronic active liver disease and hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) or antibody (anti-HBs). The presence of e antigen was associated with failure to clear HBsAg, produce anti-HBs, or respond to treatment with steroids. It is proposed that the presence of the e antigen is associated with impaired host immune responses to hepatitis-B virus infection and a poor prognosis. PMID- 59189 TI - Topical therapy of ulcerative herpetic keratitis with human interferon. AB - 55 patients with dendritic ulcer have been treated in a double-blind randomised manner by minimal wiping debridement of their ulcers followed by daily application of either partially purified human interferon (P.I.N.F.) or placebo. There were 6 recurrences of epithelial herpetic disease in 30 patients who received P.I.N.F. and 13 in 25 who received placebo. This provides the long awaited data proving the antiviral effect of exogenous interferon in treatment of naturally occurring viral disease in man, and furnishes a sighting shot on the lower edge of the target of effective therapy. PMID- 59190 TI - Editorial: H.D.L. and C.H.D. PMID- 59191 TI - Editorial: Vaccination against measles. PMID- 59192 TI - Editorial: Is grief an illness? PMID- 59193 TI - Editorial: Cell fusion, genetic cartography, and malignancy. PMID- 59194 TI - Editorial: Microwave hazards. PMID- 59196 TI - Letter: Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility and laryngeal carcinomas. PMID- 59195 TI - Recent progress in schizophrenia research. PMID- 59197 TI - Letter: Coffee, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. PMID- 59198 TI - Letter: Anaesthetics and abortions. PMID- 59199 TI - Letter: Pollution by anaesthetic gases. PMID- 59200 TI - Letter: Vapour ignition risk and electrostatic sparks. PMID- 59201 TI - Letter: Association between HLA-B8 and autoimmunity in juvenile diabetes mellitus. PMID- 59202 TI - Letter: Congenital hypothyroidism in the Netherlands. PMID- 59203 TI - Letter: Montezuma's revenge. PMID- 59204 TI - Letter: Lithium, hypercalcaemia, and hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 59206 TI - Letter: Thyroid storm and iodine-131 treatment. PMID- 59205 TI - Letter: Nutritional status and thyroid hormones. PMID- 59207 TI - Letter: Oestrogen-binding protein in blood to predict response of breast cancer to hormone manipulation. PMID- 59208 TI - Letter: Standardised E.S.R. PMID- 59210 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis. PMID- 59209 TI - Letter: Microtubular defect in Chediak-Higashi syndrome. PMID- 59211 TI - Letter: Hypertension no longer a disease? PMID- 59213 TI - Letter: Corticosteroid suspensions for injection. PMID- 59212 TI - Letter: Rheumatoid arthritis and alpha-1-antitrypsin. PMID- 59214 TI - Letter: Bombesin and the human gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 59215 TI - Letter: The future of community medicine. PMID- 59217 TI - Letter: Helping the nomads. PMID- 59216 TI - Letter: Human pancreatic polypeptide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, and watery diarrhoea syndrome. PMID- 59218 TI - Letter: Fetal hydantoin syndrome and neuroblastoma. PMID- 59219 TI - Letter: Fluoride and fluorosis. PMID- 59220 TI - Letter: One drug (phenytoin) in treatment of epilepsy. PMID- 59222 TI - Letter: Journal of I.D.E.A.S. PMID- 59221 TI - Letter: Expiratory bacterial filters. PMID- 59224 TI - Letter: Sanitary conditions in prison. PMID- 59223 TI - Letter: Outpatient follow-up. PMID- 59225 TI - Letter: Breast feeding. PMID- 59226 TI - Letter: The exact cause of maladies. PMID- 59227 TI - Letter: Hot flushes and oestrogen therapy. PMID- 59228 TI - Letter: Plasma-copper in sickle-cell anaemia. PMID- 59230 TI - Letter: Cryo-panagglutinin detected in ABO blood-grouping standard sera. PMID- 59229 TI - Letter: Transfer of ampicillin resistance from Shigella dysenteriae type 1 to Escherichia coli. PMID- 59232 TI - Letter: Iron in bread. PMID- 59231 TI - Letter: Chorea and torsion in parkinsonism. PMID- 59233 TI - Letter: Protective activity of whooping-cough convalescent serum and serum-IgA level in mice infected with Bordetella pertussis. PMID- 59234 TI - Letter: Combined sleep deprivation and clomipramine in primary depression. PMID- 59235 TI - Obituary: Gerald Anthony Neligan. PMID- 59236 TI - Souji Konno. PMID- 59237 TI - Cultivation of viral agents from Crohn's disease. A new sensitive system. AB - The isolation and animal transmission of a viral agent from Crohn's disease patients stimulated studies aimed at the development of improved tissue culture techniques. The need for an effective tissue-culture system led to a comparison of African green monkey tissue-culture cells (A.G.M.K.), human diploid lung cells (WI-38), and a new tissue-culture line--continuous rabbit ileum (C.R.I.). Homogenates prepared from ileal specimens from four Crohn's disease patients and from four control patients without inflammatory bowel disease were filtered through a 0-2mu 'Millipore' filter. After confluence, groups of six tissue culture flasks were inoculated with 0-3 ml of Crohn's disease or control filtrates. No cytopathic agents were isolated from A.G.M.K. tissue-culture. Cytopathic agents were isolated in WI-38 and C.R.I. tissue-cultures from each of the four Crohn's disease specimens but from none of the control specimens. A comparison of C.R.I. and WI-38 demonstrated that cytopathogenic change (C.P.E.) developed in C.R.I. earlier than in WI-38. C.P.E. was complete in a shorter period of time in C.R.I. but was irregular in WI-38. The sensitivity of WI-38 varied with the passage level and age of the monolayer. C.R.I. was found to be free of cytopathic adventitial agents upon inoculation of standard tissue-culture systems and weanling mice. Therefore C.R.I. is a sensitive and superior tissue culture system for the cultivation of viral agents from Crohn's disease filtrates. The reproducible isolation of a viral agent from the ileum of patient's with Crohn's disease is confirmed by these studies. PMID- 59238 TI - Electron microscopic studies of viral agents in Crohn's disease. AB - Viral agents isolated from ileal filtrates of patients with Crohn's disease have been successfully cultivated in continuous rabbit ileum tissue-culture and grown to titres sufficient to allow electron microscopic characterisation. Electron microscopic studies showed clusters of viral particles only in tissue-cultures inoculated with cultivated viruses originally obtained from tissues from patients with Crohn's disease. Control cultures showed no evidence of viral agents. The mean virus-particle diameter was 30 nm. An electron-dense central core was present and a spiculated coat was demonstrated. The physical chemical properties of this agent, as previously described, together with the electron microscopic appearance are consistent with the appearance of a picornavirus. PMID- 59239 TI - Neutrophil dysfunction in Crohn's disease. AB - The migration of neutrophils into skin windows has been examined in patients with Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis and compared with normal. Leucocyte migration was significantly lower in patients with Crohn's disease than in others. This abnormality of neutrophil function in Crohn's disease appears to be secondary to a defective acute inflammatory response as the neutrophils themselves were found to behave normally on in-vitro testing. A weak acute inflammatory response to particulate or antigenic material in the bowel wall could result in the chronic inflammation observed in this condition. PMID- 59240 TI - The risk of pelvic inflammatory disease in women using intrauterine contraceptive devices as compared to non-users. AB - The frequency of women using an intrauterine contraceptive device (I.U.D.) among 515 patients presenting with acute, laparoscopically verified salpingitis, has been compared with the corresponding frequency in 741 sexually active women who were matched to the patients by date of birth, domicile, and socioeconomic status. The frequency of I.U.D. use was significantly (P less than 0-001) higher in the patients than in the controls. It was estimated that the relative risk of acute salpingitis for any woman using an I.U.D. was 3-fold as compared to non users. For women using I.U.D.s who had not been pregnant at any time, the corresponding risk was found to be 7-fold. PMID- 59241 TI - Chronic mastitis and carcinoma of the breast. AB - 733 women in whom chronic mastitis had been diagnosed were followed for an average of 30-3 years. 49 died from breast cancer compared with an expected number of 18-8. The excess risk of dying from breast cancer persisted for at least 30 years after chronic mastitis was diagnosed. PMID- 59242 TI - Inheritance in protoporphyria. Comparison of haem synthetase activity in skin fibroblasts with clinical features. AB - The activity of haem synthetase, the enzyme which chelates iron to protoporphyrin to form haem, was measured in cultured skin fibroblasts of children with protoporphyria and their parents from three families. In each family, one parent had deficient haem synthetase activity (3-0-11-1 pmol protohaem formed/mg protein/h) when compared to values in eight non-porphyric controls (means 24-9, range 13-7-51-5). The level of activity in the three parents was similar to that in their affected children. In two families the parent with deficient activity was also thought to be the carrier of the abnormal gene, as judged from a history of photosensitivity and analysis of erythrocyte protoporphyrin concentrations, but in the third family the pattern of inheritance could not be determined from these criteria. The activity of delta-aminolaevulinic acid synthetase was normal in cultured fibroblasts from the protoporphyric children and their parents, excluding a generalised defect in haem-pathway enzymes. These results support the premise that deficient haem synthetase activity, inherited in an autosomal dominant patter, is the primary defect in protoporphyria. PMID- 59243 TI - IgA deficiency, epilepsy, and hydantoin medication. AB - Serum-immunoglobulin concentrations were measured in 364 patients with epilepsy. On dividing the patients into those treated with or without hydantoins, and according to possible aetiological factors, a characteristic pattern emerged. Irrespective of the treatment given, the mean values of IgA were significantly reduced in patients in whom constitutional factors were apparent, including those with familial prevalence of seizures. While IgA was rarely found below 0-6 mg/ml, a limit chosen to define IgA deficiency in patients not treated with hydantoins, the IgA level was subnormal in 20-25% of the patients treated with such drugs. In contrast, the mean concentration of IgA was normal and no individual subnormal values were observed in epileptic patients treated with or without hydantoins whose disease was thought to be secondary to traumatic or infectious events or to metabolic disturbances. The data suggest that epilepsy with constitutional characteristics might predispose to low IgA, but that IgA deficiency only occurs when hydantoins are given. Whether this postulated predisposition is relevant to the aetiology or pathogenesis of epilepsy remained unresolved. PMID- 59244 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias and hypokalaemia. AB - Two cases of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia (torsade de pointes) due to chronic mild hypokalaemia, caused by hyperaldosteronism and familial periodic paralysis are described. Correction of the hypokalaemia, supplemented by mexiletine, controlled the arrhythmias. PMID- 59245 TI - Computerised axial tomography for diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. AB - Computerised axial tomography demonstrated the presence of a mass lesion in the pancreas in 9 (64%) of 14 patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic cancer. Since this was a retrospective analysis, the percentage of false positive and negative results using this technique is not as yet known. The technique appears accurate in detecting abnormal pancreatic masses of 10 cm in diameter or more, however, for masses less than 10 cm in diameter the yield at present is only 33%. With further technical refinement to increase resolution, the automatic computerised transverse axial scan should prove to be an invaluable procedure for the detection of pancreatic carcinoma, in designing radiation therapy ports, and in providing objective information regarding response of therapy and progression of disease. PMID- 59246 TI - Atmospheric derivatives of anaesthetic gases as a possible hazard to operating room personnel. AB - During surgical procedures in which nitrous oxide (N2O) anaesthesia was administered there was an increased concentration of both nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in operating-room air. Preliminary studies suggest that the use of certain devices (e.g., electric cauteries, X-ray machines) capable of releasing energy in the operating-room produce the oxidation of nitrous oxide. Further evaluation of gas phase reactions of anaesthetic agents within the operating-room appear warranted, particularly in relation to the occupational risks of operating-room personnel. PMID- 59247 TI - Editorial: Dengue. PMID- 59248 TI - Editorial: B lymphocyte alloantigens in man. PMID- 59249 TI - Editorial; Long-life cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 59251 TI - Editorial: Political prisoners. PMID- 59250 TI - Editorial; Osteochondritis dissecans. PMID- 59252 TI - Swine influenza virus and the recycling of influenza-A viruses in man. AB - Sera collected in 1967 and 1972 from people in the 0-100 age-group showed haemagglutination-inhibition (H.I.) antibody to swine virus A/Iowa/15/30 (Hsw1N1) in greatest number and with highest titre in people born before 1918. A slight decrease was observed from 1967 to 1972 in the number of sera with antibody to swine virus and in the height of the titres. The recently isolated A/New Jersey/10/76 (Hsw1N1) virus showed a result comparable to that of the Swine/1930 virus in sera of 1972. On the analogy of the findings in 1968, when the Hong Kong virus became epidemic in human populations and antibody to this virus was found in sera of people over 70 years, the suggestion is made that the recurrence of swine virus as an epidemic agent of human influenza may be expected around 1986. Fourfold or greater increase of antibody to Swine/1930 virus was observed in about 4--5% of people infected by or immunised with H3N2 viruses. This response occurred in people who had been in touch with the epidemic influenza-A viruses Hsw1N1, H0N1, and H1N1 during the swine era of 1918 to 1956. Following immunisation with H3N2 viruses of persons showing no response to H3N2 viruses in their serum 5% did show a fourfold or greater heterotypic H.I. antibody rise to swine virus. This finding is of consequence for the diagnostic serology of influenza. PMID- 59253 TI - Prescribing in general practice: views of a locum in Kent. PMID- 59254 TI - Letter: Genetic origin of diabetes: Re-evaluation of twin data. PMID- 59255 TI - Letter: Segregation of HLA B7 in juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 59256 TI - Letter: Use of historic controls in cancer studies. PMID- 59257 TI - Letter: Prospective data on risk of Down syndrome in relation to maternal age. PMID- 59258 TI - Letter: Risks of malformed relatives. PMID- 59259 TI - Letter: Colonic involvement in salmonellosis. PMID- 59260 TI - Letter: Hydrocarbon exposure and cancer. PMID- 59261 TI - Letter: Effect of alcohol upon symptoms of polyneuropathy. PMID- 59262 TI - Letter: Immunosuppression by fatty acids. PMID- 59263 TI - Letter: IgE, parasites, and allergy. PMID- 59264 TI - Letter: Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. PMID- 59265 TI - Letter: Macrophages v. cancer. PMID- 59266 TI - Letter: Enhancement of bilirubin clearance and hepatic haem turnover by ethanol. PMID- 59267 TI - Letter: Testicular leukaemia and temperature. PMID- 59268 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis. PMID- 59269 TI - Letter: Reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome. PMID- 59270 TI - Letter: Behaviour of e antigen and antibody during chronic active liver disease. PMID- 59271 TI - Letter: Correlation between tests of cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 59272 TI - Letter: Sinusoidal hepatic infiltrates. PMID- 59273 TI - Letter: Transfer factor in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 59274 TI - Letter: Intravenous fat. PMID- 59275 TI - Letter: Varicose veins in developing countries. PMID- 59276 TI - Letter: Intensive care in rabies therapy. PMID- 59277 TI - Letter: Bone-marrow culture in acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 59278 TI - Letter: Local-regional recurrence after mastectomy. PMID- 59279 TI - Letter: Breast feeding. PMID- 59280 TI - Letter: Adhesion of clots. PMID- 59281 TI - Letter: Bromocriptine and secondary amenorrhoea. PMID- 59282 TI - Letter: Ear, Janeu, and heart. PMID- 59283 TI - Letter: The future of community medicine. PMID- 59285 TI - Letter: Use of plasma-protein function in plasma exchange. PMID- 59284 TI - Letter: Blood-lead and hypertension. PMID- 59286 TI - Letter: Terminal care. PMID- 59287 TI - Effect of A.C.T.H. on cholesterol and triglycerides in hyperlipoproteinaemia type V. PMID- 59288 TI - Letter: Do only a few chromosomes carry genes of prime importance for malignant transformation? PMID- 59289 TI - Letter: Rapid measurement of plasma-glucose. PMID- 59290 TI - Letter: Urea metabolism in an azotaemic woman with normal renal function. PMID- 59291 TI - Douglas William Claridge Northfield. PMID- 59292 TI - Edward Holbrook Derrick. PMID- 59293 TI - John Gillies. PMID- 59294 TI - Herbert James Pullar-Strecker. PMID- 59295 TI - Bernard Graham Scholefield. PMID- 59296 TI - [Clinical and morphological features during the course of Whipple's disease(author's transl)]. AB - Clinical and histological characteristics of Whipple's disease have been described extensively by various authors, but there are only few reports about repeated documentation of clinical and especially of micromorphological features during the course of the disease. We therefore report a case who was followed closely over a period of 3 years; small bowel biopsy was performed on 6 occasions during this time. Antibiotic therapy brought complete recovery from the disease and was followed by the disappearance of bacillary bodies in the lamina propria of intestinal mucosa. Despite this, many macrophages containing the typical PAS positive material could still be demonstrated. The development of macrophages as well as etiologic aspects of the disease are discussed. PMID- 59297 TI - Prostaglandins and cardiac anaphylaxis. PMID- 59299 TI - One-stage extended timing facility and agitation control switch for the B.A.O. 24 station slide staining machine. PMID- 59298 TI - An improved Congo red method for amyloid. PMID- 59300 TI - [Achievements and perspectives of radioisotope diagnosis of malignant tumors (according to materials in the "Journal of Nuclear Medicine", 1974)]. PMID- 59301 TI - [Whipple's disease]. PMID- 59302 TI - The MR professional's role in public information. PMID- 59303 TI - [Experience with using the antibiotic olivomycin for demonstrating yeast chromosomes]. PMID- 59304 TI - [Antigenic relationship between Candida and Salmonella strains]. PMID- 59305 TI - [Active immunization against tetanus and its evaluation]. AB - The introduction of 5 ml. tetanus toxoid into guinea pigs stimulates the production of antibodies. The new specific substance can be measured invivo and invitro. In our tests 30 guinea pigs of 300-350 gr. were used. Before and after toxoid injections blood samples were taken and the sera were separated. In electrophoretic studies of the sera 5 fractions; albumin, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta and gamma globulins were noticed. The value of fractions and the statistical estimation are shown in tables 1-2. The experimental data have shown significant statistical values between them. PMID- 59306 TI - Oncornaviruslike particles in human malignancies. AB - Mesenchymal and epithelial human malignancies were examined in the simultaneous detection test for the presence of particles with 70 S RNA and reverse transcriptase. Out of the 23 tumors tested 14 were found to be positive (61%). The finding that 2 uterine cancers contained 70 S RNA and reverse transcriptase indicates that uterine cancers may belong to the list of malignancies where the involvement of oncornaviruses is suspected. Out of the 10 human sarcomas examined in this study 4 were shown to contain particles with properties of oncornaviruses. PMID- 59307 TI - CCNU and bleomycin in the treatment of cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. AB - CCNU and Bleomycin, alone or in combination, were used to treat 397 evaluable cases of advanced cancer. Responses defined as 50% or greater reduction in all tumor masses occurred in 13/35 lymphomas, 8/50 brain cancers, and 28/312 other solid tumors. Hematologic toxicity of a life-threatening degree occurred in 33/298 patients evaluable for CCNU toxicity; in an additional 50 it was considered severe. Pulmonary toxicity was severe in 4 patients. Drug-associated deaths (4) included one each due to leukopenia and thrombocytopenia after CCNU; one due to pulmonary toxicity after Bleomycin; and one due to shock after the 20th dose of Bleomycin. There was no suggestion of synergism or additive activity with the two drugs. PMID- 59308 TI - Treatment for generalized demodicosis in dogs. PMID- 59309 TI - [Increased hypoxanthine, creatinine and alpha fetoprotein excretion in urine of newborn infants with birth complications]. PMID- 59310 TI - [The chromosome bands. Significance for clinical and cytogenetic research (author's transl)]. AB - The methods of performing chromosomal investigations have been fundamentally changed in the last few years through the discovery of differential staining methods. While only a rough classification of the chromosomes into single groups could be carried out earlier, it is now possible to identify every individual pair of chromosomes on the basis of a typical pattern of bands. By means of these banding techniques smaller chromosomal variations can be recognized which were overlooked earlier and which have led to the delineation of new chromosomal malformation syndromes. In the present work, the modern methods of chromosome analysis are reviewed. Examples from clinical diagnosis show the necessity of using these techniques. PMID- 59311 TI - [Liver metabolism of drugs (author's transl)]. AB - Even if all problems of liver metabolism have not yet been clarified, it is nevertheless established that medicaments induces enzymes in the hepatic cells which influence the metabolism of drugs. Because their effect is unspecific, these enzymes can catabolize many drugs with different structures. About 200 substances are known which induce such enzymes. Among them, for example, is phenobarbital. It is therefore used in the treatment of some forms of icterus with freee bilirubin and for Cushing's syndrome. But enzyme induction can also lead to acute intermittent porphyrias and distrubances of the phosphorus-calcium metabolism. Extreme catabolism of a drug can be caused by overinduction of enzymes due to the administration of several incompatible medicaments. PMID- 59312 TI - [Comparative study of immunization technics applied to yeasts: research on the antigenic relationship of 7 strains]. PMID- 59313 TI - Current concepts in genetics. Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders. PMID- 59314 TI - Radioimmunoassay of fibrinopeptides in relation to intravascular coagulation and thrombosis. PMID- 59315 TI - Type C virus in lymphosarcoma in northern pike (Esox lucius). PMID- 59316 TI - Role of axoplasmic transport in neurotrophic regulation of muscle end plate acetylcholinesterase. PMID- 59317 TI - Precipitating antibodies in von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 59318 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein in the serum of patients with neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Serum alpha-fetoprotein was estimated in 61 patients with neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract, 29 healthy controls and 10 pregnant women. Almost half ot the patients had increased values of alpha-fetoprotein and no parellelism between alpha-fetoprotein and liver metastasis was found. Decreasing of the alpha fetoprotein during the postoperative period could be considered a sign for a total removal of the tumor, and, on the contrary -- increasing of alpha fetoprotein -- for a recurrence. PMID- 59319 TI - Protein histochemistry methods for colloid identification to metastases of thyroid carcinoma. AB - Evidence for a thyroid origin of tumorous metastases may be facilitated by a histochemical determination of colloid. It is supported by the presence of proteins, demonstrable especially by the reaction for tyrosine, and a simultaneous absence, or only traces of acid mucosubstances. Contrary to existing literary reports, an intraplasmatic formation of mucin has been detected in certain thyroid carcinomas and their metastases. The most difficult to diferentiate histochemically from thyroid colloid is the secrete of certain adenocarcinomas of the prostate. PMID- 59320 TI - Serum glycoprotein: glycosyl transferase activity in patients with renal disease. AB - Glycoprotein: galactosyl and glycoprotein: sialic acid transferase activities were measured in the serum of patients with minimal lesion nephrotic syndrome, acute renal failure, and chronic renal insufficiency of varying severity. The activity of galactosyl transferase was elevated in all patients but one. Sialic acid transferase activity was increased in the patient group as a whole, but the magnitude of the increase was smaller and less predictable compared to the galactosyl transferase enzyme. The physiologic consequence of increased glycosyl transferase activity in serum is discussed. PMID- 59321 TI - [Preparation methods for the light microscopy of the basal membrane in Geoplana carinata Riester (Turbellaria, Tricladida) (author's transl)]. PMID- 59322 TI - [A complex cytological staining method for life cycle studies in diatoms (Diatoma hiemale var. mesodon) (author's transl)]. PMID- 59323 TI - [Therapeutic prospects for asthmatic patients: histamine-liberators]. PMID- 59324 TI - [Distribution of HB s Ag subtypes in a sample of acute viral hepatitis of type B in Northern Italy]. AB - 82 HBsAg from acute hepatitis B patients living in Northern Italy were subtyped. HBsAg has been detected by immunodiffusion (ID), electrosyneresis (ES), complement fixation (CF) and radioimmunoassay (RIA, Kit Ausria I and II, Abbott). Subtyping was performed by ES in 50 and by ID in 30 of the 82 assayed sera. An higher frequency of ayw subtype (83,1%) in comparison with adw subtype (16,9%) has been observed. No difference was found between adw and ayw subtypes analyzed as far as geographic-ethnic characters, incubation time, course and prognosis of the disease or the biohumoral indices. No patient was found to have both y and d specificities and so r determinant was never found. PMID- 59325 TI - [Mechanism of action of drugs currently used in the prevention of migraine]. AB - The mode of action of some classical and newer drugs used in the preventive interval treatment of migraine is discussed in the light of a modern theory of the pathogenesis of migraine headache. This headache is produced when two elements--a passive distension of the extracranial arteries and a lowering of the pain threshold of the receptors situated in the walls of the affected vessels- are present simultaneously. The main humoral factors involved in this phenomenon are plasma-kinins, serotonin and--to a lesser degree--histamine. The role played by serotonin which is released by the blood platelets at the onset of the attack is twofold: on the one hand, free serotonin increases the permeability of the capillaries, favouring transudation of plasmakinins, and lowers the pain threshold, while on the other hand, its increased excretion causes a secondary reduction in its plasma concentration, promoting hypotonicity of the extracranial vessels. Among the substances used for prophylactic interval treatment, some, such as dihydroergotamine, clonidine and the beta-blocking agents have a purely vascular site of action, maintaining--by various mechanisms--the tone of the extracranial arteries and thus reducing their lability. Methysergide and pizotifene have a chiefly indirect effect on the vessels, by potentiating the effect of catecholamines or helping to maintain free serotonin at a certain level. They act primarily against the humoral elements responsible for lowering the pain threshold: methysergide by inhibiting the release and blocking the effects of serotonin, by countering the potentiating effect of serotonin on the pain induced by plasmakinins and by inhibiting histamine release; pizotifene by inhibiting the release and blocking the effects of histamine, by blocking the effects of serotonin and by slightly inhibiting the peripheral effects of plasmakinins. Thus, the multifactorial pathogenesis of migraine helps to explain the effectiveness against migraine of substances possessing the most varied pharmacodynamic profiles. PMID- 59326 TI - Origin of amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein in normal and defective pregnancies. AB - Alpha-fetoprotein was determined by electroimmunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay in 109 neonatal urine samples and 94 amniotic fluid samples. The samples were obtained from newborns and from pregnancies ranging in gestational age from 20 to 40 weeks. When alpha-fetoprotein values of neonatal urine and amniotic fluid were correspondingly correlated with gestational age, almost identical declining curves could be drawn. Twenty-one cerebrospinal fluid samples from newborns ranging from 25 to 40 weeks of gestation were similarly determined. No correlation between cerebrospinal fluid alpha-fetoprotein and gestational age could be demonstrated. It is concluded that fetal urine is the major source of alpha-fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnancy. In pregnancies associated with neural tube defects, alpha-fetoprotein elevation is probably not due to the leakage of cerebrospinal fluid into the amniotic cavity. PMID- 59327 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. I. Problems and pitfalls: analysis of 2495 cases using the alpha-fetoprotein assay. AB - The alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assay is now an established tool for the prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects (NTDs). About 90% of these defects are diagnosable prenatally early in the second trimester, the other 10% consisting of closed lesions that are not amenable to this approach. From the analysis of our 2495 consecutive cases, 49 NTDs were diagnosed with AFP levels 3 SD above the mean. One closed NTD sample, as expected, did not have an elevated AFP level. Various other fetal disorders or conditions were also associated with elevated AFP levels. AFP assays on amniotic fluids from 1858 patients without a family history of NTD and studied primarily for fetal karyotyping yielded a frequency of 1 NTD in 310 cases. Any amniotic fluid study in the second trimester of pregnancy should include an assay for AFP. PMID- 59328 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. II. Analysis of false positive and false negative alpha-fetoprotein results. AB - Certain problems and pitfalls attend the use of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) assay for the prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects (NTDs). Analysis of 2495 consecutive cases revealed 57 (2.3%) with amniotic fluid AFP levels greater than 3 SD above the mean. Fetal deaths (9), various fetal abnormalities, (7) and spontaneous abortions (4) occurred among this group. In addition, there were 30 cases with AFP levels greater than + 3 SD above the mean in which a normal child was delivered--a true false positive rate of 1.2%. To determine if the false positive rate could be diminished, 40 amniotic fluid samples with AFP greater than + 2 SD were subjected to further detailed analysis for fetal hemoglobin, total protein, and IgM concentrations. Even with this battery of tests, we estimate that between 1 and 2% of normal amniotic fluids have elevated AFP levels and either fall as expected outside the + 3 SD range, or have elevated AFP levels due to unknown causes. PMID- 59329 TI - 'When you lift, bend your knees'. PMID- 59330 TI - [Immediate and remote results of treatment of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 59331 TI - [Preservation of the cornea in the light of cytological studies]. PMID- 59332 TI - Combination chemothereapy with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and bleomycin in tumors of the head and neck. AB - 28 patients with head and neck tumors not suitable for definitive treatment with radiation or surgery were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and bleomycin in combination. Of 24 adequately treated patients, there were 3 partial remissions lasting for 3,3 and 6 months, respectively. Toxicity of the regimen as given was substantial; 13 patients showed some evidence of nephrotoxicity and there were 2 drug deaths related to progressive renal failure. 1 patient developed bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. PMID- 59333 TI - Rose bengal staining of epibulbar squamous neoplasms. PMID- 59334 TI - Recurrent haemolytic uraemic syndrome. AB - Two children are described with frequent relapsing haemolytic uraemic syndrome. In the first child, the disease reoccurred twice and in the second three times. In both, relapses could be related to a viral infection, as well as to a preceding inoculation for diphtheria--pertussis--tetanus--poliomyelitis in the second patient. Recurrent haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (H.U.S.) may constitute a discrete clinical form of H.U.S. PMID- 59335 TI - [Immunochemical aspects of antigenicity (author's transl)]. AB - A number of chemically definable parameters related to antigenicity are discussed. These include determinant size and density, antigen shape as well as eliciting, inhibiting and tolerogenic capacities of model antigens, notably those of the penicillin allergy model. A kinitic argument for a restricted antibody diversity is presented. PMID- 59336 TI - Chronic mandibular periostitis associated with "vasculitis". PMID- 59337 TI - Reappearance of alpha-fetoprotein in spontaneous hepatitis in the rat. AB - Reappearance of AFP was demonstrated in a single rat out of a large control population. At autopsy, this DOCA-hypertensive rat was found to have a form of hepatitis associated with proliferative activity, i.e., cellular unrest, mitotic figures and oval cell hyperplasia. It is submitted that increased AFP synthesis in this animal with spontaneous hepatitis is causally related to hepatocellular regeneration. PMID- 59338 TI - [Alpha 1 fetoprotein in blood serum and ovarian tumors]. PMID- 59339 TI - [Functional state of the thyroid gland in healthy girls in the dynamics of the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 59340 TI - Survival following brain metastases in wilms' tumor. PMID- 59341 TI - [Clinical course of viral hepatitis in school children, vaccinated and non vaccinated with gamma-globulin]. PMID- 59342 TI - [Preventive and therapeutic effect convalescent zona and varicella sera in high risk children (659 cases)]. AB - Study of 659 cases treated with serum from patients convalescent after herpes zoster and chickenpox over a period of two and a half years in French hospital departments, showed the obvious effectiveness of this type of therapy which seems to be better than that of zoster specific gamma globulin used by other workers since we obtained protection against chickenpox in 90 p. cent of cases, and attenuation of chickenpox in 82 p. cent. It would seem that these results could be improved by increasing the doses used. PMID- 59343 TI - [The HLA complex. II. Immunogenetics of the HLA system. The allelic HLA-D series and the specificities of lymphocyte subpopulations]. PMID- 59344 TI - [Immunological profile of malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 59345 TI - Using audio-visual equipment. PMID- 59347 TI - The Pill. PMID- 59346 TI - [Contribution to the immunilacient prevention of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 59348 TI - Carpal tunnel syndrome. Nursing care. PMID- 59349 TI - Head lice. PMID- 59350 TI - Battered wives - 1. PMID- 59351 TI - Gastrointestinal changes in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. AB - Three cases of hypogammaglobulinemia are described. In all cases the first symptoms of disease manifesting as pneumonia were preceded by diarrhea. In gastric biopsy there was atrophic gastritis with lack of plasmocytes. All patients demonstrated gastric achylia and symptoms of malabsorption syndrome. The causes of gastrointestinal changes, most probably infections, with simultaneous defective mucosal barrier are discussed. PMID- 59352 TI - Serum electrophoretic pattern of chickens vaccinated with R2B (Mukteswar) and F strain of Newcastle disease virus. AB - Sera from NDV (Mukteswar and F strain) vaccinated chickens of various age groups were subjected to paper, starch-gel and immunoelectrophoresis. An increase in total serum protein, gamma globulin, alpha globulin, and a decrease in beta globulin and albumin concentrations was observed in adult birds. The concentration of the various serum proteins varied widely depending upon the age of the other test birds. IgM and IgG band characteristics did not differ in sera from vaccinated and unvaccinated birds. The one transferrin band observed in the sera from unvaccinated chickens was not observed when chickens were vaccinated with the R2B vaccine. However, this transferrin band was again observed in the sera of chickens revaccinated with the R2B. No such changes were evident in the sera of chickens vaccinated with F strain only or followed by an R2B vaccination. PMID- 59353 TI - Antithyroid activity of goitrin in chicks. AB - Antithyroid activity of orally administered goitrin was assessed by parallel-line assay in chicks using four indices. The relative potency of goitrin in chicks was estimated to be approximately 0.31 times the potency of PTU in causing enlargement of thyroid gland, 0.06 times in effect on depression in plasma thyroid hormone, and 0.08 times in inhibitory effects on biosynthesis of thyroid hormone in the gland. It might be concluded that thyroid hormone synthesis is not so much suppressed to the degree expected from the enlargement of thyroid gland when goitrin is administered orally to the chick. PMID- 59354 TI - [Interaction between the testis and prostate gland]. PMID- 59355 TI - [The effect of thyroid hormones and thyrostatic preparations on blood glycoprotein metabolism]. AB - The author presents materials of parallel studies carried out in 322 male rats; the effect of various thyroid hormones and thyrostatics on the change in the concentration of glycoproteid fractions and of their individual carbohydrate containing components in the blood serum was investigated. The dynamics of the changes of these tests and also their normalization depending on the applied type of the hormone or of the thyrostatic factor, the dose, the duration of administration and the emotional condition of the animals was established. On the basis of the data, obtained and literature data an attempt is made to explain the ways of the changes in the content of individual blood glycoproteins and also their relationships and the nature of appearance. PMID- 59356 TI - [The character of functional connections in the endocrine system of female white rats and their transformation with age]. AB - The authors studied the functional interrelations between the adrenal glands and the thyroid gland of female albino rats of various age groups. Blood content of 11-oxycorticosteroids and protein-bound iodine was determined. Analogous determinations were carried out in partial exclusion of the adrenal gland function (metapyron block) and of the thyroid gland function (6-methyluracil block). It is supposed that in the young sexually-mature female albino rats the functions of the adrenal glands and the thyroid gland were in direct relationship irrespective of the cyclic variations in the sex steroid secretion; with the advance of age this association became deranged. PMID- 59357 TI - [Temporal organization of hypothalamo-hypophyseo-thyroid system function in man and animals]. PMID- 59358 TI - [Triiodothyronine thyrotoxicosis in nodular toxic goiter]. AB - Serum protein-bound iodine (PBI), total blood thyrotoxin (T4), triiodthyronine (T3), coefficient of thyrotoxin efficacy (CTE), serum thyrotoxin-binding capacity (TBC) or some of these indices were determined in 44 patients with nodular toxic goiter with thyrotoxemia. An increase in T3 level was revealed in 27 of 35 of the patients; T3-thyrotoxicosis was diagnosed in 18 of these in whom an increase of the T3 level was combined with normal T4 or normal CTE content and an unchanged TBC. The symptoms of T3-thyrotoxicosis displayed no significant differences from the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis caused by the excess of thyroxin. In many of the patients T3-thyrotoxicosis coursed for a long time with but a few symptoms. Loss of weight in this form of thyrotoxicosis was much less frequent than in "thyrotoxin'' thyrotoxicosis. PBI was elevated in 12 of 44 patients, and total T4 and CTE -- in 10 of 35. These methods do not permit to diagnose hyperthyroidism in many of the patients with nodular toxic goiter in which T3-thyrotoxicosis is of frequent occurrence. PMID- 59359 TI - [Remote results of long-term mercazolyl treatment combined with irradiation of the the hypothalamo-hypophyseal region in patients with diffuse toxic goiter]. AB - Prolonged mercazolyl therapy (for from 9 months to 10 years) in combination with X-irradiation of the hypothalamo-hypophysial area (sum total dose of 5000 to 15000 rad) led only in 19 of 54 patients with diffuse toxic goiter to normalization of I131 uptake by the thyroid gland and depression of I131 uptake by the thyroid gland in a test with T3, which could indicate recovery from the disease. Despite a stable euthyroid state in 34 of 54 patients there persisted a hyperthyroid type of the curve of I131 uptake by the thyroid gland, and no depression of I131 uptake by the thyroid gland occurred in a test with T3. Thyrotoxicosis relapses were observed in 15 of 34 of the patients of this group. Development of thyrotoxicosis relapses only in the patients in whom pathological tests persisted pointed to the significance of disturbed interrelations in the hypothalamus-hypophysis-thyroid gland system in the genesis of thyrotoxicosis relapses. PMID- 59360 TI - Induction if immunological tolerance to the major antigenic determinant of penicillin: a therapeutic approach to penicillin allergy. AB - High titered IgE, IgG, and IgM antibody responses to the major antigenic determinant of penicillin, the benzylpenicilloyl hapten, were elicited by the intraperitoneal injection of the hapten coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin mixed with the appropriate adjuvant. However, treatment of such mice with the benzylpenicilloyl derivatized synthetic copolymer of D-glutamic acid and D lysine, either before or after primary immunization, resulted in significant suppression of the subsequent anti-benzylpenicilloyl antibody responses of the IgE and IgG classes, as measured at the humoral and cellular levels. The state of tolerance induced by benzylpenicili-poly(DGlu, Lys) was highly specific, of long duration, and could be induced in a manner that would be appropriate for clinical use. These results provide a direct demonstration of the potential application of the poly(DGlu, Lys) immunotherapeutic approach to penicillin allergy in humans. PMID- 59361 TI - Primate type-C virus nucleic acid sequences (woolly monkey and baboon types) in tissues from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia and in viruses isolated from cultured cells of the same patient. AB - Cultured peripheral blood leukocytes from a woman (patient HL23) with acute myelogenous leukemia produced type-C RNA tumor viruses (HL23V). The viruses were analyzed by molecular hybridization experiments after transmission to five secondary cell culture lines. Using the criteria of molecular hybridization, we concluded that all of the transmitted virus isolates have nucleotide sequences related to the genome of simian sarcoma virus (SiSV). In addition, in agreement with data reported elsewhere, some of the transmitted viruses also have nucleotide sequences related to those of the baboon endogenous virus (BaEV). We also used molecular hybridization to ascertain whether both viruses could have originated from the patient HL23. Utilizing [3H] cDNA complementary to RNA from the separated BaEV-related component of HL23V and hybridizing this cDNA to DNA from tissues of the patient, we detected sequences related to BaEV in DNA obtained from the patient's spleen. These BaEV DNA sequences were also detectable when 125I-labeled RNA from BaEV was used as a probe. In agreement with earlier results, however, no SiSV-related sequences were detectable in the DNA of her tissues. Cytoplasmic viral-like particles, which had a buoyant density of 1.15 1.2 g/ml and were capable of synthesizing cDNA in association with a 35S RNA in vitro, were also found in the patient's fresh uncultured leukemic blood cells. cDNA synthesized by the cytoplasmic particles contained some sequences that hybridized to RNA from SiSV and, in addition, some that hybridized to RNA from BaEV. The cDNA also hybridized significantly to DNA isolated from the spleen of patient HL23 and to cytoplasmic RNA from the patient's leukocytes. These molecular hybridization results with nucleic acids obtained from the fresh blood cells of the patient, combined with the repeated isolation of similar viruses from different blood and bone marrow samples from the same patient, suggest that the virus come directly from the leukemic cell samples. The finding of BaEV related DNA proviral sequences in the spleen of the patient strongly supports this interpretation. The failure so far to find a complete SiSV-related provirus is perplexing, but could be attributable to the existence of such a provirus in DNA of only a small population of cells in most leukemic patient. PMID- 59362 TI - Thymoma, polyarthropathy and hypogammaglobulinaemia. PMID- 59363 TI - The purification of calcium-binding protein from the uterus of the laying hen. AB - Calcium-binding proteins from the chick intestine and uterus of the laying hen (Gallus domesticus) were isolated and purified by identical methods. Proteins from each source were shown to exhibit identical electrophoretic mobility and were immunologically identical. Estimation of molecular size by gel filtration indicated a value of approximately 28,000 daltons for both the chick intestinal and hen uterine calcium-binding proteins. The amino acid compositions of chick intestinal and hen uterine calcium-binding proteins were essentially identical. PMID- 59364 TI - Effects of calcium and phosphatidyl serine in rat mast cell reaction to dextran. AB - Histamine release from Sprague-Dawley rat mast cells by dextran was completely inhibited by the absence of exogenous Ca2+ (in contrast to release from the same cells by antigen). Also, spontaneous leakage of histamine from the cells increased in the absence of Ca2+, and cell responsiveness was not completely restored by readding Ca2+. We found no effective substitute for Ca2+ in the release reaction. Ca2+ was not maximally effective immediately when added back to Ca-deficient cells, but almost the full effect of diluting Ca2+ in the medium (which decreased release) and of adding PS (which increased release) were very rapidly established, suggesting that both Ca2+ and PS might act (in part) at superficial cell sites. Release from activated cells could be stopped short by adding glucose or by diluting the cell-dextran mixture with normal buffer, as well as by adding EDTA, which deserves further study. PMID- 59365 TI - Sinusitis. AB - The treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis is medical, the regimen including oral and nasal decongestants and antibiotics. Progression to chronic sinusitis can sometimes be prevented by periodic sinus washings until the acute process subsides. Sinus x-ray examinations are important in follow-up when symptoms or signs persist. PMID- 59366 TI - [10- and 15-year cure rates of patients receiving postoperative or primary radiotherapy for cervical carcinoma between 1954 and 1964]. PMID- 59367 TI - Long-term lymphoid cell lines in the study of human genetics. PMID- 59368 TI - [Immunoglobulin, beta 2-microglobulin and histocompatibility antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 59369 TI - [Drive as a specifically human category: Alfred Lorenzer's problematic contribution to the relationship between interaction and drive]. PMID- 59370 TI - [Symbol, representation, primary process: critical consideration on Alfred Lorenzer's proposed revisions]. PMID- 59371 TI - [An understanding approach to the unconscious? Alfred Lorenzer's concept of the "scenic understanding"]. PMID- 59372 TI - Histofluorescence in the unperfused CNS by cryostat and glyoxylic acid: a preliminary report. AB - This paper describes an adaptation of glyoxylic acid histofluorescence to cryostat sections. The technique utilizes unperfused frozen brain, cryostat sectioning, immersion in 2% glyoxylic acid solution, warm-air drying, and exposure to hot glyoxylic acid gas. Fine, well-localized catecholamine histofluorescence is produced in cells, axons, and terminals. Both the anatomical localization and pharmacological specificity of the fluorescence conform to traditional catecholamine literature. The technique has the advantage of overcoming preservation and sectioning problems associated with the Vibratome. Because unperfused brain is used, alternate sections can be prepared for a variety of anatomical demonstrations or biochemical assays. PMID- 59374 TI - [Aspects of nursing care in total arthroplasty of the hip]. PMID- 59373 TI - [Diagnostic value of liver arteriography in primary hepatic tumor. Comparative study with other complementary exploration]. PMID- 59376 TI - An immunoenzymatic method for improving the sensitivity of antigen measurement by electroimmunodiffusion techniques. Application to the quantification of human alpha-fetoprotein. AB - A double antibody technique of electroimmunodiffusion, which uses glucose oxidase labelled sheep antibodies to rabbit immunoglobulins as second antibody, is described. Primary antigen-antibody reaction is carried out with a rabbit antiserum by electroimmundiffusion. The glucose oxidase-labelled immunoreagent, being of general application, can serve for the quantification of different antigens and is here used for measurement of low levels of human alpha fetoprotein. Reproducible results in the range of 50-800 ng/ml were obtained with a variation coefficient of 5 to 10%. PMID- 59375 TI - [Infection in the surgical patient. Care for its prevention]. PMID- 59377 TI - Chemical mediators of anaphylaxis (histamine, 5-HT, and SRS-A) released from horse lung and leukocytes in vitro. AB - Horses were sensitized to bovine plasma in Freund's complete adjuvant. Leukocytes, separated from venous blood, yielded histamine upon incubation with bovine plasma. Ioslated lung fragments incubated with bovine plasma liberated histamine and 5-HT, but not SRS-A. Pulmonary veins obtained from the same animals contracted to histamine, 5-HT and to antigen (Schultz-Dale reaction). Histamine and 5-HT probably contribute to immediate-type hypersensitivity in horses whereas the role of SRS-A is not proved. PMID- 59378 TI - Hormone binding by cells and cell fragments as visualized by fluorescence microscopy. AB - Fluorescent-labeled hormones offer an alternative approach to radio-labeling in studying the binding of hormones to intact cells or cell fragments. The binding of fluorescent-labeled hormones may be followed quantitatively by measurement of the polarization or the binding may be directly visualized in the fluorescence microscope. The binding of both fluorescein labeled prolactin and estradiol to a variety of whole cells or to microsomal fragments has been observed by fluorescence microscopy. No staining was observed with fresh cells whereas all cell types investigated, after freeze-thawing, stained at physiological levels (10-9M) of either hormone. Microsomal preparations from the mammary tissue of mid pregnant rabbits likewise stained at low levels of prolactin. Inhibition of staining was not produced even by 10-6 M unlabeled hormone. PMID- 59379 TI - Protection of cattle against experimental haemorrhagic septicaemia by the capsular antigens of Pasteurella multocida, types B and E. AB - Aluminum hydroxide adjuvant vaccines containing endotoxin-free capsular antigens of Pasteurella multocida, types B and E, were administered to cattle. Dose dependent serological responses were observed which were similar for both antigens. The immunised cattle were subjected to intravenous challenge by a virulent type E strain. All animals which received the highest vaccine dose survived and all unimmunised control animals died and a vaccine dose-response relationship was obtained. The results of passive mouse protection and indirect haemagglutination tests (type E) on the sera of immunised cattle corresponded with the degree of protection against challenge of the cattle. PMID- 59380 TI - [New findings on an anti-proteinase in human plasma: l'inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor]. AB - Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor (I alpha I) has been purified from C.N.T.S. fraction III as starting material. The purification procedure includes D.E.A.E. cellulose chromatography and gel filtration on G 150 Sephadex in the presence of EDTA. The purified protein gives one precipitation line in immunoelectrophoresis against anti-whole human serum. It reacts only with an anti I alpha I immune serum and possesses a strong antitryptic activity. When studied in starch or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis 2 components are observed, each of them having the same antigenic structure and the same antitryptic activity as the crude preparation. The slower and less important component is dissociated by 0,1% SDS. The molecular weight estimation of I alpha I BY PAA/SDS is about 180,000. This result is not modified by the presence of 1% beta mercaptoethanol indicating that I alpha I consists of one polypeptide chain. Crude preparation reveals under the same electrophoretical conditions small amounts of low molecular weight components (135,000 52,000 and 26,000) which can be due to a proteolytic action on I alpha I. Indeed plasmin is able to produce such fragments having an antitryptic activity as shown by fibrin/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The relationship between small molecular weight inhibitors of human serum and bronchial secretions and those obtained after degradation of I alpha I by plasmin is discussed. PMID- 59381 TI - Type C virogenes: genetic transfer and interspecies transfer. AB - Somatic cells of vertebrates contain gene sequences which are an integral part of chromosomal DNA and which code for the production of complete type C RNA viruses. These virogenes are genetically transmitted from parent to progeny along with other cellular genes (virogene-oncogene hypothesis). Activation of this endogenous virogene information from a normally repressed state, rather than infection by exogenous oncogenic viruses, has been proposed as the most common mechanism of cancer causation in animals, including man. Recent isolates of baboon type C RNA viruses, while related morphologically and biochemically to other mammalian type C RNA viruses, can be distinguished by nucleic acid hybridization and immunologic criteria. Within primates, type C virogenes have evolved as the species have evolved; virogenes from closely related genera and families have the closest gene sequence homology. Endogenous viruses from one species may infect animals of a distantly related species and become incorporated into their germ line. Genomes of exogenous viruses, such as the murine leukemia viruses, which are infectious from animal to animal within the same species, evolve more rapidly than the endogenous virogenes which replicate solely as cellular genes. A major viral structural protein of baboon type C RNA viruses, p30 was detected by radioimmunoassay in normal primate tissues. Radioimmunoassays have also detected p30 antigen in human tissues which appear to be immunologically related to primate viral p30. Hybridization experiments have confirmed that type C viral sequences are also present in the human genome. PMID- 59382 TI - [Rosenthal fibres and vascular anomalies in cerebral gangliocytomas (author's transl)]. AB - The Authors describe three cases of gangliogliomas histologically studied among 3100 neoplasias of the CNS. In one case the study was supported by the cytological observations on the in vitro cultures as performed with the roll technique. The tumors differed in location and clinical behaviour, but showed the same histological characteristics of mixed neoplasias. In fact in all cases a component of mature ganglion cells together with glial proliferation of spongioblastic type was identified. Particular attention was given to the vascular stroma and to the morphological aspects of the glial proliferation. All tumors presented a large amount of anomalous vessels frequently of angiomatous type. Beside neuronal cells, a neoplastic glial cell proliferation was identified as of spongioblastic nature by means of in vitro culture and on the basis of particular degenerative changes typical of the spongioblastic elements, such as Rosenthal fibres. According to the Authors these data support the hamarto blastomatous origin of the oncotype. PMID- 59383 TI - Plasma proteins in schizophrenia: a review. PMID- 59384 TI - Immunology of cartilage. PMID- 59385 TI - Multi-variate analysis of serum protein rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The content of IgG, IgA, IgM, transferrin, haptoglobin, alpha2 macroglobulin, alpha1 acid glycoprotein, alpha1 antitrypsin, beta1C/1A globulin and beta1E globulin in the sera of 172 female rheumatoid patients and 132 female non rheumatoid subjects was measured by the single radial immunodiffusion method. Rheumatoid patients were classified into 3 groups according to their stage and class. Canonical discriminant analysis revealed that the alpha1 acid glycoprotein and beta1C/1A globulin was of assistance in differentiating the rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid groups. There is no significant difference in serum protein levels between rheumatoid factor positive and negative groups, whereas IgA and beta1E globulin levels exhibited certain differences between these two groups. Among the results of other clinical tests, the correlation observed between ESR and serum protein levels in rheumatoid arthritis should be mentioned. PMID- 59387 TI - Epidemiology of prostatic cancer. PMID- 59386 TI - Prostatic tissue cell growth and assessment. AB - The potential for use of cell and organ culture systems in the study of prostatic tumors is high. The nature of this organ and our lack of basic information about it limit the usefulness of in vitro techniques at present but these shortcomings can be overcome by concerted effort of interested investigators. At the present time organ culture methods are available which can yield valuable information. To achieve notable success requires considerable understanding of the method in terms of principles, detail of technique, and interpretation. Several important questions must be resolved in order for cell culture methods to achieve their potential: (1) effect of disaggregation procedures on prostatic tissue, (2) appropriate selection of specimens, particularly with regard to controls, (3) ability to clearly identify and select cell types, and (4) how to overcome the variable of serum as a source of hormones. Considering the fact that less work has been done on the prostate than most tissues, recent developments in the area of cell and organ culture seem most encouraging and the future looks bright indeed. Two continuously propagated cell lines of pupative prostatic origin have been described. One of these developed in culture apparently as the result of a spontaneous transformation while the other was propagated from an adenocarcinoma. If these cell lines can be conclusively proved to be representative of the tissues of origin we already are well on the way to the application of in vitro systems to study of the prostate. PMID- 59388 TI - Carcinoma of the prostate. Guest comment. Perspectives and overview. PMID- 59389 TI - Cancer of the esophagus: ten-year experience. AB - A critical analysis of 52 patients with cancer of the esophagus indicates the continuing challenge that this disease entity presents to the surgeon and radiotherapist. Difficulty of cure or palliation is further compounded by the many significant associated medical problems found in certain patient populations, such as that characteristic of our VA Hospital. Although cure is a rarity in cancer of the esophagus, continued palliative efforts must be exerted for these otherwise hopeless patients. PMID- 59390 TI - Palliative treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus. AB - In a ten-year period 139 patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus were treated by palliative feeding procedures, palliative radiation therapy, radiation therapy for cure, or resection. Analysis of the results of these modes of therapy indicates that long-term palliation is best achieved when resection is the primary method of therapy. Radiation therapy improved survival in the first 12 months of disease; however, no patients treated with radiation therapy alone were cured. In five cases resection resulted in apparent cure. For this reason we suggest that resection for palliation is indicated, and in an occasional patient it will result in a cure. PMID- 59391 TI - [A 24-hour stretch in an operating room]. PMID- 59392 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus. AB - The institution of proper therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus requires an intimate knowledge of the histology and anatomy of this region. It also requires an awareness of the disease entity by the physician and a realization that everything that bleeds around the anus is not due to hemorrhoidal disease. Once the diagnosis and extent of the disease are established, several known facts can be applied in the decision for specific therapy. For small lesions (less than 3 cm in diameter) located in the perianal skin, it is now clear that wide local excision, usually with skin graft, is a safe, reliable method of treatment. However, if these lesions are invading deeply, one should resort to a more radical form of therapy. The combined abdominoperineal resection is the definitive treatment for lesions in the anal canal. In this way, local recurrence can be prevented insofar as possible, invasive lesions can be completely eradicated, and patients with lymph node involvement will be given the greatest opportunity for survival. As is the case in all radical types of therapy, the anal sphincter mechanism of a few patients will be sacrificed unnecessarily. If a lesion is located in the anal canal and does not invade beyond the submucosa, such as those lesions discovered during routine hemorrhoidectomy, it might be safe to undertake wide local excision of the region. Precise pathologic study must be available, however, and the patient must be apprised of this compromise in management and be willing to be examined frequently for evidence of recurrent disease. With present knowledge and development of the operation, radical removal of inguinal lymph nodes should be undertaken when the nodes are thought to contain tumor. It must be realized, however, that the overall salvage rate in this situation is low. Finally, the treatment of recurrent and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the anus remains a great dilemma. The first choice of treatment for local recurrence should be excision whenever possible. Radiation may have some value, but excellent responses are rare. Lastly, several chemotherapeutic regimens are available for use in specific cases. PMID- 59393 TI - Surgery for malignant lesions of the esophagogastric junction. PMID- 59395 TI - [Disclosing stains of carious dentin]. PMID- 59394 TI - Alien cancers of the duodenum. AB - Invasion of the duodenum by contiguous cancer or an isolated metastasis can manifest itself with the signs and symptoms of primary cancer of the duodenum. Fourteen patients were identified with this type of diagnostic confusion. All of their tumors were in the second or third portion of the duodenum. Although the median length of survival after excision of the tumor or palliative bypass operations in these patients was nine months, considerably longer survival times have also been described. Barium enema examinations and excretory urograms should be considered as diagnostic tests for any patient with a tumor of the duodenum to identify the contiguous carcinomas of the colon and kidney subject to long palliation. PMID- 59396 TI - [Judgement and treatment of rheumatic diseases in the general practice (author's transl)]. PMID- 59397 TI - Platelet retention in glass bead columns: its mechanism and the effect of plasma proteins. PMID- 59398 TI - Immunological characterization of early fibrinogen degradation products. Radioimmunoassay of fragments released from the Aalpha-chain of fibrinogen. PMID- 59399 TI - [Bronchial carcinoma, dependence of operationsuccess (author's transl)]. AB - From 1958 to 1973, 3792 cases of bronchial carcinoma were admitted in our department. 1577 of them could be operated radically. The influence of various factors on the result of the operation is discussed, considering eventual changes in the course of the reported period. PMID- 59400 TI - Permanent lymphoid lines from genetically marked lymphocytes: success with lymphocytes recovered from frozen storage. AB - Permanent human lymphoid cell lines were established successfully from peripheral blood lymphocytes which had been separated for HL-A typing and stored in liquid nitrogen for two years. Frozen lymphocytes were chosen from two siblings who were homozygous at the LA and FOUR HL-A loci. Thawed lymphocytes were transformed with EB virus produced by the marmoset lymphoid line B95-8. No chromosome abnormalities were seen on karyotypes prepared on cells from the established human lymphoid lines using G and Q banding techniques. HL-A typing showed the expected HL-A antigens plus a considerable number of additional reactions. Separation of lymphocytes and freezing them for possible future use requires a relatively small investment. This method of preserving cells can be applied to patients with interesting genetic disorders or other biochemical markers to provide cells which can be transformed and propagated years later. PMID- 59401 TI - Recognitive specificity of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes. II. The non-recognition of antigens controlled outside the major histocompatibility complex. AB - In vitro sensitized cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) primarily detect antigens controlled within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that are associated with the serologically detected (SD) loci LA and FOUR. Frequently CTLs sensitized to cells from one individual kill target cells of a third party that shares no SD cross-reactivities by serological criteria with the initial stimulating cells. We have studied the possibility that this cross-killing is due to the recognition of non-MHC controlled antigens. Allogeneic tissue from MHC identical siblings is rejected in the absence of immunosuppression, demonstrating the importance of non MHC antigens. Nevertheless, CTLs sensitized simultaneously with mitomycin-C treated cells from an MHC identical sibling and from an unrelated individual were only able to mediate cytotoxicity on the unrelated's target cells. No significant cytotoxicity was observed in any combination on target cells differing only for non-MHC antigens. PMID- 59402 TI - Definition of a new DLB antigen (in dogs). PMID- 59403 TI - 14C-thymidine release assay: a new test for the study of surface determinants on activated lymphocytes. PMID- 59404 TI - Alloantigens defined by cytotoxic isoantisera prepared against peripheral rabbit lymphocytes. AB - Seven lymphocytotoxic antisera were produced in rabbits by means of isoimmunization with purified peripheral lymphocytes. The phenotypic profile of the defined lymphocyte antigens was determined in a panel of 97 rabbits. The results indicated the existence of at least two major antigenic determinants. Further typing and cross-absorptions were performed with several of the lymphocytotoxic antisera in order to demonstrate monospecificity. The anti-3 antiserum was used to determine the distribution of the respective antigens in various rabbit organs. The highest concentration of the alloantigen was contained in the spleen, followed in descending order by the lymph nodes, lung, skin, kidney, heart and liver. Fat and red blood cells (rbc) contained no detectable antigen. A two-stage physical adherence column method was used to separate T derived from B-derived lymphocytes and each fraction was tested for the alloantigen. Alloantigen was detected on both cell types. The fact that the anti 3 antiserum never killed more than 30% of the cells suggests that it could define a subpopulation of lymphocytes. PMID- 59405 TI - Linkage of GLO with HLA and Bf. Effect of population and sex on recombination frequency. AB - Further data on the linkage relationships of red cell glyoxalase I(GLO) with HLA and Bf are reported. The most likely order of loci is GLO: Bf: HLA-B: HLA-A. No sex difference in the frequency of recombination between GLO and HLA was noted, but recombination was more frequent for both males and females in the American black population than in the white population. PMID- 59406 TI - Cell mediated lympholysis in man. The impact of HLA-C antigens. AB - From a population of individuals, all HLA-A, B, and C tissue typed in relation to the Sixth International Histocompatibility Workshop, an experimental investigation has been performed to study the influence of the HLA-Cwl, w2, w3, w4, and w5 antigens in the Cell Mediated Lympholysis (CML) test. The average cytolysis obtained due to allogenic attack of one HLA-C antigen equals 12.6%, but like the HLA-A and B antigens, HLA-C antigens exhibit differences with regard to sensitizing and target potential. This indicates either a heterogeneity of these antigens or the existence of separate CML determinants. It is concluded that the HLA-C antigens may account for the cytolysis observed in some of the combinations exhibiting cytolysis which cannot be explained by the HLA-A and B antigens. PMID- 59407 TI - A rapid method for demonstrating skeletal muscle motor innervation in frozen sections. AB - Longitudinal 50-100 mum-thick frozen sections of muscle are picked up on slides coated with 3% EDTA and after drying are incubated to demonstrate acetylcholinesterase. Subsequent incubation in 0.5% K3Fe(CN)6 is followed by fixation for 30 minutes in formol-calcium or formol-saline. After washing, the slides are incubated in 20% aqueous AgNO3 containing 0.1% CuSO4 for 2-30 minutes at 37 C. Following development in a 1% solution of quinol (w/v) 5% with respect to NaSO3 (w/v), axons and subneural apparatus stain dark brown to black in contrast to the less well stained muscle fibers and nuclei. This procedure permits study of the pattern of neuromuscular innervation in skeletal muscle 3 1/2-4 hours after receipt of a sample, and makes possible determination of the terminal innervation ratio. PMID- 59409 TI - A method for the preparation of serial thick sections of plastic-embedded plant tissues. AB - A procedure is described in which thick sections (2-10 mu or more) of plastic embedded plant tissues are mounted in serial order on slides for use in routine light microscopy. Sections are cut with a steel knife on a rotary microtome while the block and blade are bathed with 40% alcohol. The cut sections are placed, in order, in 50% alcohol in the small wells of modified plastic trays where they become flat, pliable and suitable for subsequent handling. Sections remain separate and in correct order in the trays while they are stained, washed, and prepared for final mounting on slides. Mounting involves a simple and rapid procedure of transferring the sections to a slide and heating first on a 70-75 C hot plate (to slowly evaporate the water around the section and to partially affix the section) and then on a C hot plate. This second heating ensures adhesion when xylene-base mounting media, which tend to loosen weakly adhered plastic from the slides, are used. The technique of staining the sections loose provides the following advantages: (1) the problems of section loss and entrapment of stain between section and slide during staining are eliminated, (2) relatively high staining temperature, alkalinity, and alcohol concentration of the stain solvent (all of which promote loosening of pre-affixed sections from slides during staining) is allowed, and (3) staining is more even and selective. The procedure has been found to be reliable and fast enough to be of value in a significant variety of routine light microscope studies. PMID- 59408 TI - A Golgi-electron microscope method for insect nervous tissue. AB - Golgi's light microscope method of selective silver impregnation for nervous tissue combined with electron microscopy appears to offer a promising method for working out the detailed anatomy of individual neurons and their connections. Insect nervous tissue is fixed in a mixture of 2% paraformaldehyde and 2 1/2% glutaraldehyde in Millonig's buffer (pH 7.2) before postfixation for 12 hours in a solution brought to pH 7.2 with KOH containing 2% potassium dichromate, 1% osmium tetroxide and 2% D-glucose. The tissue is then transferred to a solution of 4% potassium dichromate for 1 day; and for 1-2 days to a 0.75% silver nitrate solution. After dehydration and embedding in Araldite, 50 mum sections are made. Areas of interest are cut from these sections and re-embedded in silicone molds. Ultrathin sections are then cut and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. The Golgi method described here gives good results at the level of both light and electron microscopy. PMID- 59410 TI - Hematoxylin substitutes: a survey of mordant dyes tested and consideration of the relation of their structure to performance as nuclear stains. AB - In the search for hematoxylin substitutes 26 dyes were more or less extensively tested for performance as nuclear stains, usually in combination with aluminum, chronic, ferrous and ferric salts. Reports from the literature on hematoxylin substitutes were also considered, and efforts were made to obtain samples of favorably reported dyes and test them. The reports on anthocyanins include isolated reports on several berry juices and a considerable number of studies on Sambucus niger and Vaccinium myrtillus. None of these have so far been tested by us. Otherwise favorable reports have appeared on eleven synthetic dyes and on carmine, brazilin, and hematin. Except for one of the synthetics, naphthazarin, which is no longer fractured, we had samples of all of these. In addition, more or less unsuccessful trials were made on twelve dyestuffs, some of which were new syntheses designed to combine chelating capacity with nucleophilia. Following Fyg's report of blue nuclear staining with chrome alum carmine, trial was made to change the red nuclear stain of kernechtrot by altering the metal mordant. The most successful dyes were phenocyanin TC, gallein, fluorone black, alizarin cyanin BB and alizarin blue S. Celestin blue B with an iron mordant is quite successful if properly handled to prevent gelling of solutions. PMID- 59411 TI - A method for staining infection hyphae in pine leaves. AB - Fungus-inoculated Pinus radiata leaves were fixed and then stained with periodic acid-Schiff reagent. Pieces of leaf with fungal material on the surface were removed. These pieces were stained in lactophenol cotton blue for a few minutes and then mounted in dilute lactophenol cotton blue. Microscopic examination of fungal material inside and outside the mounted leaf pieces revealed the following: condidia and germ tubes on the leaf surface were red, appressoria remained unstained, and infection hyphae within the leaf were stained blue. This differential staining method was particularly useful for distinguishing germ tubes from infection hyphae arising from appressoria. PMID- 59412 TI - New source for positive controls used for the identification of spirochaetes in tissue sections. AB - Lyophilized T. pallidum is recontituted or purchased as a suspension, evenly dispersed, made into smears using alcohol-cleaned slides and a bacteriological platinum wire loop. Smears are air dried for 15 minutes and fixed in concentrated formaldehyde fumes for 30 minutes and stored at room temperature. These preparations are used as positive controls for conventional silver impregnation techniques recommended for spirochaete detection in tissue sections. PMID- 59414 TI - Freezing in the preparation of cleared plant material. PMID- 59413 TI - Mahon's myelin stain for celloidin-embedded nervous tissue. PMID- 59415 TI - A simple staining method for the analysis of meiotic metaphase II divisions in the male mouse. PMID- 59416 TI - The use of tannic acid-glutaraldehyde in the study of elastic and elastic-related fibers. AB - Fixation with tannic acid-glutaraldehyde permits distinction of oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibers in the electron microscope. The results obtained using tannic acid at concentrations of 1.0%, 0.5% and 0.25% in 3% glutaraldehyde were compared. The 0.25% concentration is recommended for studying fine details of connective fibrils and for regular staining of elastin. PMID- 59417 TI - A hybrid technique for staining meiotic nuclei of Basidiomycetes. AB - A hybrid nuclear staining procedure used on the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune produced squash preparations of sufficient density for effective brightfield photomicrography. PROCEDURE: Tissure is fixed in Newcomer's solution, rehydrated in a graded ethanol series, rinsed, hydrolyzed in 1 N HC1 at 60 C, washed, mordanted in 4% iron alum, rinsed again, and stained with aceto-iron hematoxylin prior to mounting and squashing. PMID- 59418 TI - Hydroxyethyl lactamide, a dye solvent useful in vital staining. AB - In a search for new vital stains to reveal the microanatomy of nudibranch mollusks, the slow or very low solubility of many dyes in sea water posed a serious problem. Preliminary dissolution in tap water proved impractical. Hydroxyethyl lactamide, an odorless liquid and dye solvent was found ideal since it permits immediate attainment of saturated solutions of dyes in sea water. Since hydroxyethyl lactamide passed the severe "eolid nudibranch test" and has been found nonirritating for the very sensitive rhinophorial structures, and furthermore since it has been used by the pharmaceutical industry as a vehicle in antibiotic preparations, it appears to be an ideal universal dye solvent for general use in vital staining. It has been used extensively in unpublished research by the writer on vital staining of nudibranchs. It has a low order of physiological activity and can be regarded an essentially inert when used in vital staining. PMID- 59419 TI - Methods for studying the distribution of pigment in malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The pigmented cells in Malpighian tubules of Drosophila melanogaster contain yellow globules which are blackened by osmium tetroxide. Permanent preparations of the tubules showing pigmentation can thus be made. Following prestaining acid hydrolysis, osmium-fixed tubules can be stained with orcein. For observations on pigment distribution and Feulgen-DNA content in the same preparation, tubules are fixed in mercuric chloride. Color remains visible for several hours in unfixed tubules mounted in modified buffered Ringer solution. PMID- 59420 TI - A procedure for differential staining of cartilage and bone in whole formalin fixed vertebrates. AB - This paper describes a modification of the Simons and Van Horn (1971) procedure for rendering cartilage blue, bone red, and soft tissue translucent or transparent in whole vertebrate specimens. Alcian blue and alizarin red S are used to stain cartilage and bone respectively. In our procedure formalin is used as a fixative. This is a significant modification because formalin is the common fixative for museum specimens. This clearing and staining procedure is thus readily applicable to comparative studies in anatomy, embryology and systematic zoology. PMID- 59421 TI - Science and art in preparing tissues embedded in plastic for light microscopy, with special reference to glycol methacrylate, glass knives and simple stains. AB - Plastic embedding preserves tissue structure much more faithfully than does paraffin. Acrylic polymerization is innocuous to dye-binding groups in sections. The water solubility of glycol methacrylate monomer and the hydrophilic properties of the polymer allow for convenience in dehydration and for versatility in staining sections. Five years of experience with glycol methacrylate (GMA) embedding for light microscopy is summarized. Methods for purifying GMA monomer are cited. Procedures for fixing, dehydrating, embedding, polymerizing, sectioning and staining, using GMA, are explained. A method is provided for making glass knives long enough to cut large blocks. Simple, reliable, quick staining methods are outlined. When compared with paraffin, GMA offers opportunities for simpler, quicker procedures and yields sections of superior quality, greater information content, and less distortion. PMID- 59422 TI - Identification of functional tumor vessels by resorcin-crystal violet stain infusion. AB - A resorcin-crystal violet solution of low viscosity injected into the circulatory plexus supplying a tumor is used to identify and characterize functional tumor vessels. Unstained sections of tumor tissue demonstrate heavily stained vascular endothelium with no leakage of stain to extravascular tissue for intact vessels, and little or no background staining. The method is simple to apply for tumor vessel morphology and morphometry. PMID- 59423 TI - Improved microradiographic contrast for bone stain-historadiography. AB - Microradiographs of 5-micron sections of methyl methacrylate embedded undemineralized bone show poor resolution, but prestaining with silver nitrate increases the radioopacity of the calcified tissues to soft x-rays without masking regional differences in microscopic mineralization. Identical results are achieved using aqueous (pH 5.8 and 7.5) or ammoniacal solutions (pH 7.9). Atomic absorption spectrometry detected no loss of calcium from the sections during staining. Osteoid in plastic-embedded bone is not rendered radiopaque by this technique even after prolonged staining times (5 min-2 hr). PMID- 59424 TI - An improved polychrome staining method for thick epoxy sections. AB - Improved polychrome staining of 1-1.5 mum epoxy sections is achieved with sequential applications of a single basic fuchsin-methylene blue mixture at two different pH values. The dye solution is applied for 2-3 min at 50-52 C first at pH 7.9, then at pH 6.7. In sections of mouse mammary tissue, epithelial cells are stained deep blue, connective tissue pink, and fat cells bright olive-green. This simple technique consistently yields uniform, vivid, contrasting colors that sharply delineate the elements of the complex glandular architecture of the mammary gland. Similar polychromatic effects are obtained in applications to other tissues, such as stomach, adrenal gland, mammary tumor and artery. PMID- 59425 TI - A combined silver and acetylcholinesterase method for staining intramuscular innervation. AB - A combined acetylcholinesterase and silver stain for demonstrating the intramuscular innervation of fresh frozen tissue is described. Intramuscular nerves, subterminal axons, and motor end plates are simultaneously stained brown or black with minimal staining of connective tissue and muscle fibers in longitudinal sections 30-100 mu thick. The method has been applied to fetal and adult rat, porcine, and bovine skeletal muscle. Antemortem and postmortem tissue samples stained equally well. The method facilitates simultaneous appreciation of morphological alterations in nervous and muscular tissues; in clinical and research laboratories alike it is of value when muscle abnormalities which may be related to disorders of nervous origin are studied. Compared with other published procedures this method has shorter time requirements, uses fresh frozen tissue, and displays superior staining characteristics. PMID- 59426 TI - Improved staining procedures for semithin epoxy sections of plant tissues. AB - Improved and reliable methods are described for staining semithin sections of plant materials fixed in glutaraldehyde-osmium and embedded in epoxy resins. One micron sections are fixed to slides, stained with a two-solution hematoxylin procedure or with a methylene blue-azure A combination, counterstained in aqueous safranin O, cleared, and mounted permanently. Basophilic tissue components are stained gray to black by the hematoxylin and blue or purple by the methylene blue azure A combination; cell wall structures are colored by the safranin. With the procedures recommended, stains are sharp and intense, sections are flat, wrinkling and loss are held to a minimum, and unsightly precipitates do not form. PMID- 59427 TI - Iron and aluminum lakes of Gallo blue E as nuclear and metachromatic mucin stains. AB - Gallo blue E, C. I. No. 51040, Mordant Violet 54, furnishes a blue black nuclear stain when applied to tissue sections in the form of its moderately stable iron lakes. This coloring combined well with such counterstains as orange G and eosin B. The Van Gieson stain tends to decolorize mucins, cartilage, and mast cells previously stained with this dye. Its aluminum lake solutions tend to gel in a few minutes to 24 hours depending on the solvent used and the amount of Al3+ present. Aluminum lake solutions give a moderately good blue to dark blue nuclear stain and a brilliant purplish red to dark purple stain to a variety of epithelial and connective tissue mucins. Acid dye counterstains are poorly tolerated. With either lake, nuclear staining is abolished by deoxyribonuclease digestion or relatively short mineral acid extraction of DNA. PMID- 59428 TI - Grid staining--a useful device. AB - A simple and disposable holder for electron microscope grids can be constructed from discs of silicon rubber. The discs (10 mm thick X 25 mm diameter) are scored 0.4 mm deep with a razor. Flexing the discs opens the scores for insertion of grids. Staining wells can be made from polyethylene snap-in vial tops by cutting away the nipple-like portion. After impaling the holders on the tips of a pair of forceps the grids can be washed by immersion. This holder is rigid, inert and inexpensive. It is of particular advantage for handling single-slotted grids. PMID- 59429 TI - Fixing and staining of conifer tissues with lacto-propiono-dimethylsulfoxide carmine. PMID- 59430 TI - Anilin blue and silver nitrate for staining developing insect nerve tissue. PMID- 59431 TI - A modified C-band technic for staining of diffuse diplotene chromosomes. PMID- 59432 TI - [Therapy of vulvar carcinoma]. AB - Thirty-five of totally 50 patients with carcinoma vulvae were treated with bleomycin. Most of the patients were older people and had more advanced disease. They were grouped according to the TNM system and the age. Bleomycin alone (2 X 15 mg/m2 weekly; 390 and 420 mg total dose) was given to two patients. One of the patients had a complete remission and the other one a partial remission with reduction in tumor size of more than 50%. Nineteen patients received bleomycin (2 X 10 up to 2 X 15 mg/m2 weekly: 200-300 mg total dose) in combination with radiation therapy using fast electrons (betatron; 3000-5000 R). In this group 21,1% of the patients had complete remission and 31,5% of patients had a partial remission of more than 50% tumor size reduction (objective remission rate 52,6%). Bleomycin was also beneficial when combined with surgery plus irradiation. Palliative irradiation was used in four patients with a very advanced disease. Eleven patients were irradiated postoperatively with fast electrons (4000-6000 R). In this group, 65% of the patients were free from recurrences more than one year after the beginning of the treatment. Our results indicate that combined therapies using bleomycin, surgery and radiation therapy were more effective in the treatment of vulvar carcinoma than single treatments alone. It should be emphasized that bleomycin is effective as a palliative treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. PMID- 59433 TI - Occurrence of S-antigens in serum in Plasmodium falciparum infections in man. AB - Gambians with severe Plasmodium falciparum infections frequently have malarial S antigens in their serum or plasma. Detection of these with the available antisera which are from immune adults is complicated because there are many different S antigens and none of the antisera contains antibodies to them all. Despite this we found S-antigens in about 60% of a large series of malarious children and demonstrated that this was a considerable underestimate of the true incidence. We also showed that the prevalence of S-antigens was related to the malaria season and to the intensity of infection. PMID- 59434 TI - Further evidence of heterogeneity within the Kidd blood group system. AB - Serological studies on blood of selected individuals show that red blood cells from individuals genetically JkaJk and JkbJk give single dose agglutination reactions with anti-Jka and anti-Jkb respectively, but react as strongly with anti-JkaJkb as do cells from random individuals. A Jk(a+b-) Oriental person has been found whose red blood cells give a single dose reaction with anti-Jka, but react more weakly than do cells from random people in tests with anti-JkaJkb. The results support a conclusion that the antigen recognized by anti-JkaJkb is a distinct and separate antigen of the Kidd blood group system. PMID- 59436 TI - Eluate analysis of anti-Bg a associated renal allograft rejection. AB - Renal allograft rejection, following development of a positive indirect antiglobulin reaction, occurred in a multiply transfused recipient. Panel techniques confirmed both anti-Bga and anti-Kell antibodies. Recognition of the concordant antigenic specificity of the Bga and HL-A7 antigens led to an investigation of the potential role of this antibody in the rejection phenomenon. In the absence of serological cytotoxicity, a modified elution technique was used to directly obtain immunoglobulin from the rejected allograft. The eluate obtained displayed specificity for the Bga red blood cell antigen. The described technique affords an additional approach to the documentation of immunologically mediated graft rejection and obviates the limitations imposed by the absence of serological cytotoxicity. Emphasis is placed on the need for recognition of the relationship between red blood cell and HL-A antigens. PMID- 59435 TI - Leukapheresis of patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL), using the Haemonetics blood processor. AB - By the use of citrated hydroxyethyl starch (HES) as anticoagulant, the Haemonetics blood processor can be used to obtain large numbers of granulocytes from patients with CGL. This report is of 67 leukaphereses on 11 different patients. A median of 1.14 x 10(11) granulocytes was obtained per 6-cycle pheresis (3.4 x 10(10) per liter of blood processed), or eight to ten times the number obtained from comparable leukaphereses of normal donors. High yields of platelets were also obtained, although not in proportion to granulocytes, since some of the patients used as donors have normal or even low platelet counts. The patients tolerated the procedure well, and no adverse reactions to HES were observed. The patients experienced a mean 35 per cent drop in the postleukapheresis WBC count, but in no case was this drop sustained for more than a few days, and no lasting effect on the disease process was observed. PMID- 59437 TI - Murine I region-associated antigen (Ia) system. Identification and chemical characterization of specificites Ia. 12, 13, and 14. PMID- 59438 TI - The effect of neuraminidase on the sensitivity of tumor cells toward lysis by antibody and complement or by sensitized lymphocytes. AB - The effect of neuraminidase treatment on the antigenicity of sarcoma I (Sal) and mastocytoma P-815-X2 cells was compared, both in terms of their reaction with various antisera (C57BL/6 anti-SaI, C57BL/6 anti-mastocytoma, rabbit and horse ALS) and complements (guinea pig, rabbit) or with sensitized lymphocytes (C57BL/6 anti-SaI, C57BL/6 anti-mastocytoma, A anti-mastocytoma). With sensitized lymphocytes the reactivity of neuraminidase-treated tumor cells was similar to that of nontreated cells. In contrast, after neuraminidase treatment, the tumor cells showed increased specific lysis with the antisera and complement. Rabbit complement was highly cytotoxic to the neuraminidase-treated cells but this nonspecific activity could be removed by absorption with agar or agarose. The results of this study would strongly suggest that neuraminidase treatment does not change the antigenic determinants of tumor cells but increases their interaction with complement after removal of negatively charged sialic acids. PMID- 59439 TI - HL-A antigens in serum and urine: isolation, characterization, and immunogenic properties. PMID- 59440 TI - Humoral immunosuppressive factors. PMID- 59441 TI - Retroplacental serum factors and passive enhancement. PMID- 59442 TI - Tuberculosis in Tanzania: a national sampling survey of drug resistance and other factors. AB - This survey was conducted in 1969/70 in a random sample of 15 of the 61 administrative districts in Tanzania. It included clinics with a long established tuberculosis service (A group), those with a tuberculons service of recent inception (B group) and those with no specialised tuberculosis service (C group), and 3 additional centres of special interest. The aim was to obtain, for tuberculous patients newly registered for treatment during a specified 6-month period, information on: a) the proportions of patients with pulmonary and/or extra-pulmonary tuberculosis; b) the history of previous chemotherapy with antituberculosis drugs: c) the prevalence of bacteriologically-positive pulmonary tuberculosis; d) the prevalence of initial and acquired resistance to the standard antituberculosis drugs; e) the radiographic extent and type of disease and of cavitation. Of 1884 patients in the random sample, 87.4 per cent had pulmonary tuberculosis only, 2.5 per cent had pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and 10.1 per cent had extra-pulmonary tuberculosis only. Although there were differences in the proportions with extra-pulmonary disease in individual districts in each group there were no important differences in the average levels for the A, B and C groups. Of 256 extra-pulmonary tuberculous lesions in 237 patients, 58 per cent were lymph node, 26 per cent bone and joint and 12 per cent pleural, pericardial or peritoneal. Of 1694 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with or without extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, 96.3 per cent gave no history of previous chemotherapy and 3.6 per cent a definite history. A sputum specimen from each of 1338 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was examined by direct smear; 675 (50 per cent) were positive as were 694 (55 per cent) of 1257 cultures. For the patients with no history of previous chemotherapy the positivity rates were 59 per cent on smear and 66 per cent on culture for the A group, 53 per cent and 57 per cent for the B group and 35 per cent and 38 per cent for the C group. Of 636 patients with no history of previous chemotherapy and sensitivity test results, 9 per cent had a strain resistant to isoniazid and/or streptomycin. The total prevalence of resistance to isoniazid was 6 per cent and to streptomycin 4 per cent. Of 1278 patients aged 5 or more with a postero-anterior chest radiography available and a diagnosis of intra-thoracic tuberculosis in Tanzania, 86 per cent were reported at an independent assessment in London as having a lung lesion. Among the 1171 patients of all ages reported as having a lung lesion, gross extensive or moderate disease was present in 73 per cent of the radiographs and cavitation in 66 per cent. The type of radiographic disease was assessed as acute in 36 per cent, mixed-acute in 40 per cent, mixed in 19 per cent and chronic in 5 per cent. There was no evidence of associations between drug resistance and the extent or type of disease of presence of cavitation... PMID- 59443 TI - Microbiology of cutaneous tuberculosis. AB - Detailed bacteriological characteristics including drug sensitivity of 12 mycobacteria isolated from 51 cases of different types of cutaneous tuberculosis were studied; no mycobacterium could be isolated from remaining 39 cases. Nine were identified as M. tuberculosis and 3 as 'anonymous' mycobacteria. Acquired resistance to one or more than one drug (streptomycin, isoniazid, PAS and thiacetazone) was observed in 3 out of 9 strains of M. tuberculosis. All the 'anonymous' strains were resistant to all the drugs except ethionamide and ethambutol. PMID- 59444 TI - [Determination of the size of the prostate by injection urethrocystography]. PMID- 59445 TI - Nursing care study and portrait of patient for lumbar myelogram and laminectomy. PMID- 59446 TI - Radiotherapy: definitive, integrated and palliative therapy. AB - Bladder cancer which invades the muscle is a serious problem which usually requires extensive therapy. However, conservative therapy is often prescribed with the subsequent course all too freqently being relentlessly progressive. Procrastination with aggressive therapy often results in the patient being unsuitable for such therapy when it is seriously contemplated... PMID- 59447 TI - [Transcervical adenomectomy with prior hemostasis (author's transl)]. AB - After giving a brief description of the anatomy of the prostate, with special emphasis on the irrigation of same, the authors discuss 226 cases of adenoma of the prostate operated on transcervically with prior hemostasis, the transfusion consisting of a total of 111 of blood. In 68% of the cases, the urine became clear within 24 h after the operation. The probe was removed within the first 5 days in 70% of the cases. The complications found included: 9 cases of epididymitis (keeping in mind that deferent ducts are never linked), 4 cases of postoperative incontinence (in 3 cases the incontinence was temporary and disappeared within 3 months), and 3 deaths 2 weeks after the operation (1.3%) due to ictus, bronchopneumonia, and pneumonia, respectively. The hospital stay lasted 9 days, on the average. There were no cases of late hemorrhaging, fistula, or vesicle atony. PMID- 59448 TI - [A second bladder-neck intervention following open transvesical prostatectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Over a 10-year period 27 patients required a second transurethral revision operation after previous open transvesical prostatectomy. The so-called sphincter sclerosis, residual and recidivous adenoma, and prostatic cancer were the causes of repeated bladder neck obstruction. Prostatic cancer after prostatectomy seems to be more benign clinically, more differentiated histologically and is diagnosed sooner because it presents with earlier symptoms than does primary prostatic cancer. PMID- 59449 TI - The pathogenesis of optic nerve lesions in glaucoma. PMID- 59450 TI - Detection and localization of tumor-associated immune components of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. PMID- 59451 TI - Feline infectious peritonitis. Proteins of plasma and ascitic fluid. AB - Electrophoreses of sera, plasma and ascitic fluids of cats with natural or experimental infectious peritonitis show important modifications. Special stainings of electrophoreses and chromatographic and immunoelectrophoretic technics characterized some of the modified proteins. In the experimental disease, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, transferrin, and probably orosomucoid are increased; in the natural disease, in addition to these modifications, the gamma globulins are strongly increased; the immunoglobulins found in the often abundant ascitic fluid belong to the IgG class. Increased proteins such as fibrinogen, haptoglobin and orosomucoid and decreased albumin are aspecific aspects of inflammatory processes, whereas hypergammaglobulinemia appears in the course of immunological response. The rapid evolution of the experimental disease explains the fact that immunoglobulins do not increase. PMID- 59452 TI - Metachromasia and improved histologic detail with toluidine blue-hematoxylin and eosin. PMID- 59453 TI - Pulmonary hyalinosis in dogs. AB - Pulmonary hyalinosis occurred in Beagles exposed to radon daughters with uranium ore dust. The lesion was composed of alveolar cells distended with material positive for periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and oil red O that ultrastructurally consisted of a whorled arrangement of lamellar membranes suggestive of a storage disease. The high incidence in exposed dogs and the ultrastructural appearance suggested the material originated endogenously as a degenerative response to injury. PMID- 59454 TI - Progestogen-related gross and microscopic changes in female Beagles. AB - Long-term studies of megestrol acetate and chlormadinone acetate in 100 female dogs are in progress. Doses of zero, one, 10 and 25 times the expected human dose of megestrol acetate and 25 times the expected human dose of chlormadinone acetate (on a milligram per kilogram body weight basis) are being given daily. During the first 4 years, eight dogs from each of the five groups were killed. The principal gross findings included enlarged uteri with mucoid material in the lumina, mammary development in dogs given middle and high doses of megestrol acetate and chlormadinone acetate, and thickened gallbladder walls in dogs given high doses of each. Histologic evaluation showed inhibition of ovulation for progestogen-treated dogs and suppression of ovarian follicular development with the high doses. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia was slight in the low-dose dogs and moderate to severe in most of the high-dose dogs; a few also had ulcerative endometritis and pyometra. The mammary glands of dogs given the middle and high doses produced lobules, acini, and secretion exceeding natural metestrus. Slight to marked cystic mucinous hyperplasia occurred in the gallbladders of most dogs given the high doses. Tow high-dose megestrol dogs had clinical signs and microscopic pancreatic, renal, and ocular changes indicative of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 59455 TI - Nucleic acid sequence relationships among "slow" viruses of sheep. PMID- 59456 TI - Morphology of bacteriophage P22 as seen in thin sections of pelleted phage. PMID- 59457 TI - Expression of murine oncornavirus proteins in synchronized cells. PMID- 59458 TI - Baboons and their close relatives are unusual among primates in their ability to release nondefective endogenous type C viruses. PMID- 59459 TI - Animal models in the study of antiprostatic drugs. PMID- 59460 TI - Androgen binding and metabolism in the human prostate. PMID- 59461 TI - Polynucleotide polymerizations and prostate proliferation. PMID- 59462 TI - Androgen metabolism in patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. PMID- 59463 TI - Nonsurgical treatment of human benign prostatic hyperplasia. PMID- 59464 TI - [Immunofluorescence examination in lupoid cirrhosis]. PMID- 59465 TI - [Functional activity of the thyroid gland in patients with cancer of the cervix uteri]. PMID- 59466 TI - Acquired B antigen disappearance by in vitro acetylation associated with A1 activity restoration. AB - The chemical acetylation of RBC bearing the acquired B antigen led to the disappearance of the agglutinability by anti-B and restored the A1 specificity. The same results are obtained using RBC transformed in vitro by a Clostridium Tertium filtrate, where a deacetylase was reported. PMID- 59467 TI - [Antibodies against native DNA. The methods for their demonstration. Their diagnostic and pathogenetic importance in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 59468 TI - [Clinical aspects of tachycardial heart-thythm disorders]. PMID- 59469 TI - [Drug therapy of tachycardial heart-rhythm disorders]. PMID- 59470 TI - [Current data. 1. Infectious diseases: number of reported cases and registered deaths in 1974 and in 1975]. PMID- 59471 TI - [Current data. 2. Health personnel]. PMID- 59472 TI - [Recent viewpoints on the diagnosis and surgical therapy of lymphogranulomatosis (Hodgkin's disease)]. PMID- 59473 TI - [Endoesophageal intubation in inoperable esophageal and cardia carcinoma]. PMID- 59474 TI - [Improvement of parenteral feeding through the additional administration of a serum protein solution]. AB - On 7 days - 5 postoperative - patients undergoing Billroth I or Billroth II were continuously infused apparatively witn an amino acid mixture of 100% and a glucose-xylitol-solution of 25% (group I). One group (group II) additionally received a serum protein solution. From the first preoperative day to the fifth day of the postoperative period we determined individual parameters in blood and urine. A decrease of serum phosphate level beginning on the first day after starting parenteral nutrition was observed. In the nitrogen balances, in total protein and albumin concentration there were no differences, but serum gamma globulin concentration of group II was very low at the end of the parenteral nutrition period, a point which at present cannot be explained. PMID- 59475 TI - [Results of CO measurements on motor vehicles before and after idling with low emission of harmful agents]. PMID- 59476 TI - [The determination of the carcinogenic hydrocarbon benz(a)pyren in the exhaust gases of cars with Otto motors]. PMID- 59477 TI - [Laying and hatching of egg cases of Blatella germanica (L.) under the effect of insecticides]. PMID- 59478 TI - [Anaphylaxis after epicutaneous ampicillin test]. PMID- 59480 TI - [Comparative studies on influences of physical and psychological strain on the ECG in coronary disease patients]. AB - In 7 patients suffering from heart infarction the electrocardiogram was telemetrically registered during telecast of the world championship in football 1974. The same patients were tested on a bicycle ergometer with standardized loads of 50, 75, 100 and 125 Watt for 3 minutes. Heart rate under psychial strain did not exceed the rate of 50 Watt on bicycle ergometer. Only 1 patient showed some extrasystoles during ergometry. Looking at television all patients developed extrasystoles, in one case 122. If the FRG took part in the game, ventricular extrasystoles were two times, auricular extrasystoles were four times more frequent than during games between foreign countries. It is concluded that psychical strain is able to produce dangerous arrhythmias in patients suffering from coronary heart disease. This danger cannot be proved by bicycle ergometry. PMID- 59479 TI - [Significance of metabolic parameters in Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. AB - In 56 patients with Hodgkin's disease, the following bloodtests were carried out: erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen, alpha2-globuline, serium iron concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity. In some patients we additionally measured alkaline leucocyte phosphatase and serum ribonuclease activity. In our series ESR, serum iron and alpha2-globuline concentrations were the most sensitive metabolic parameters. A rise in fibrinogen concentration, alkaline phosphatase and serum ribonclease activity seems to indicate extensive disease. It is not possible, however, to discern between a state of remission and stage I by means of these parameters. ESR, serum iron and alpha2-globuline concentrations might be either elevated or normal in both instances. These parameters seem important in order to distinguish between a remission or stage I on the one hand and extensive disease in stage III and IV on the other hand. Concomitant findings of ESR above 40 mmh, elevated concentrations of fibrinogen and alpha2-globuline, as well as elevated alkaline phosphatase and serum and serum ribonuclease activity mostly indicate stage III or IV. PMID- 59481 TI - Assessment of the mid systolic click late systolic murmur syndrome by noninvasive methods. AB - In patients with the mid systolic click/late systolic murmur syndrome (MSC/LSM Sy) a ballooning, billowing or aneurysmal protrusion of one or both mitral leaflets has previously been described in angiographic studies. It is accepted that besides angiography noninvasive methods such as dynamic electrocardiography, phonocardiography, apexcardiography and echocardiography can provide valuable information in the diagnosis of this syndrome. Little is known however about diagnostic value and sensitivity of these methods. The dynamic Ecg, recorded during an average of 10 hours, showed in 8/20 patients (40%) one or several significant arrhythmias such as frequent ventricular premature contractions (VPCs) (greater than 12/min), multifocal VPCs, VPCs in a row or ventricular tachycardia, or 2 degrees SA-block. 12/20 patients (60%) showed in the phonocardiogram a movement of the click toward the first heart sound when the patients' position was changed from supine to sitting. In 40% of the patients a double or triple click was recorded. A late systolic bulge in the apexcardiogram was seen in 13/20 patients (65%). In one patient the recording was not successful. Echocardiographic signs of abnormal posterior movement (prolapse) of one or both mitral leaflets were recorded in 15/20 patients (75%). Five echocardiograms did not show any abnormality, but all these cases demonstrated in their apexcardiogram a late systolic bulge. We believe that in patients with the MSC/LSM Sy a mitral valve abnormality can be documented adequately by noninvasive methods. PMID- 59482 TI - [Changes of electrocardiography in salmonelloses and shigelloses]. AB - In the period 1964-1973 there was done routing-like Ecg in 89 patients with typhoid with 24,7% pathologic findings, in 233 cases of paratyphus (13,3% Ecg abnormalities), in 91 patients with other forms of salmonellosis, mainly salmonella-enteritis (8,7% Ecg changes), and in 367 cases of dysentery from whom 12,5% had pathologic electrocardiograms. In all these patients the main changes represented low till negative T-waves in standard and precordial leads, sometimes combined with depressed ST-segment. In dysentery the loss of water and electrolytes played an important role in the genesis of Ecg changes, also for the prolongation of QT-interval in 2 cases. In 4 cases high and spiked P2 and P3 were present. The so much mentioned bradycardia was not much marked in out patients with typhoid, but a sinus bradycardia of 36/min was found in convalescence of a case of salmonella-enteritis where a salmonella from the group B was isolated from stool. PMID- 59483 TI - [Variable stainability of Purkinje cells]. AB - The author refers about different staining of the Purkinje-cells with luxol-fast blue, gallocyanin, thionin and toluidin blue, chrom-alum-hematoxylin-phloxin, impregnation according to Palmgren, lithium and iron-hematoxylin, combination of the staining with phloxin and the Palmgren-impregnation and about the different activity on the acid phosphatase. The phenomenon that in the same histological specimen the positive (dark, chromophile) and negative (light, chromophobe) cells are situated beside, is true for normal animals too, but the number of the dark Purkinje cells is conspicuous higher after stress situations (96-h. immobilisation, intermittent hypoxia). This finding interprets the author by the occurence of phospholipids by binding on the granulated endoplasmatic reticulum, but also as a property of the neuroplasm. The author emphasizes that the staining dualism "light -- dark" of the ganglion cells does not refer only to the ganglion cells of the spinal ganglions (et on some epithelial cells), but also on the Purkinje cells. PMID- 59484 TI - The effect of age and strain on the amount of neurosecretion. PMID- 59485 TI - [Problems and experience in the light optical and histological presentation of glia cells]. AB - 1. 8 histological techniques and 13 modifications derived from those were tested on usefulness for the demonstration of glial cells in the adult rat brain. From these methods the impregnation techniques of Golgi-Kopsch, Valenzuela y Chacon and Rio del Hortega were modified according to a scheme of variance to find out the optimal variants. 2. The impregnation quality depends on the animal species, the animal age, the health of brains, the brain area, the balanced proportion of the treatment stages and the biochemical state of the glial cells. 3. The silver impregnation techniques are not so specific that only one glial type is stained, but one type prevails. The silver carbonate procedure according to Hortega allows to impregnate oligodendrocytes, microglial cells and astrocytes in frozen as well as in paraffin sections. The method of Golgi-Kopsch is more suited for oligodendrocytes and microglial cells than for astrocytes. Following the procedure of Valenzuela y Chacon especially astrocytes, but also microglial cells allow impregnation in both frozen and paraffin sections. 4. The different demonstration qualities of the proved methods call for critical examination of absolute measurements of cell size, length of processes and ramification density. 5. The presence of cell groups of different disposition towards impregnation within a glial type speaks for a biochemical inhomogeneity of the glial types. PMID- 59486 TI - [Health maintenance despite health risks]. PMID- 59487 TI - [Arrangement of chromosomes within the cell nucleus]. PMID- 59488 TI - [Heterochromatin--a possible evolution mechanism in amphibia]. PMID- 59489 TI - [Behavior of mitochondria in virus-induced hybrids from cells with varying mitochondrial structure]. PMID- 59490 TI - [Histochemistry of cristalloid cytoplasmic inclusions, caused by vital staining with purified azure A]. PMID- 59491 TI - [Microinterferometric demonstration of sulfhydryl groups with 1-(4-chlormercuri phenylazo)-beta-naphtol]. PMID- 59492 TI - [Clinical picture and therapy of extrasystole]. PMID- 59493 TI - [Acute pulmonary hypertension--triggered by a heat-induced factor in the plasma and serum. (Studies in vivo and in a model of isolation-perfused and ventilated rabbit lung)]. PMID- 59494 TI - [Attempt to isolate an active enzyme fraction for use in the treatment of schizophrenia]. PMID- 59495 TI - [Ulcerative vaccinia--a forgotten form of complication following smallpox vaccination]. PMID- 59496 TI - [Retropubic vesico-capsular adenomectomy. Statistical and clinical comparison with transvesical adenomectomy]. PMID- 59497 TI - [Problems in the surgical treatment of cancer. Views on the current position and perspectives with reference to the results of the XIth International Congress in Florence in the year 1974]. PMID- 59498 TI - Laboratory procedures in adenoviruses. III. Sensitivity and specificity of serological tests (author's transl). AB - 84 paired sera from patients with adenoviral infections were tested in neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) against the homologous as well as against heterologous virus types of the respective subgroup. Only titer rises are considered as positive reactions. Sera of patients being infected with adenoviruses of subgroup I viruses (52 pairs, types 7, 3, 4, 14) exhibit high rates of positive reactions in the group-specific complementfixation (CF) and in homologous neutralization, lower rates in homologous HI. On the other hand, heterologous reactions are seen more frequently in neutralization than in HI. Patients with type 4 infections often show antibody responses with viruses of subgroup III (types 1, 2, 5, 6). In infections with these virus types, homologous antibody response is seen in approximately half of the cases only; heterologous reactions are observed rarely. Patients with type 8-infections (25 pairs) almost invariably show positive homologous neutralization, while HI or CF tests often fail to show rising titers. These patients, as well as 2 patients with type 19 infection, exhibit a remarcable high rate and range of cross-reactions in neutralization as well as in HI with numerous types if subgroup II and, to a lesser extent, with viruses outside of subgroup II. Although the relatively late appearance of type-specific antibodies (usually between the 10 th and 14 th days after onset of disease) is advantageous for the demonstration of antibody rises, the type-specific diagnosis of adenoviral infections should preferably be performed by isolation and typing of the virus. The heterologous reactions appear to be based on the presence of overlapping intertypic antigenic determinants rather than on an anamnestic antibody response. PMID- 59499 TI - [Results of obtaining mono- and polyspecific antilymphocytic sera for tissue typing of the human body]. PMID- 59500 TI - DNA polymerases of murine LBN/b leukemic cells. AB - In the post-mitochondrial fraction of murine LBN/b leukemic cells, four fractions with DNA polymerase activity (I, II, III, IV) were found. On the basis of ion exchanger affinity and poly(A), poly(C) and poly(Cm) replication ability, fraction I was classified as RNA-directed DNA polymerase of viral origin. On the basis of the differences in the ion exchanger affinity, molecular weight, template requirement, pH-dependence of enzymatic activity and NaCl concentration, divalent ion requirements and susceptibility to N-ethylmaleimide inhibition, fractions II, III and IV were classified as DNA-directed DNA polymerases beta, alpha and gamma, respectively. Three fractions, i.e. reverse transcriptase, and DNA-directed DNA polymerases beta and gamma, were found to incorporate dTMP on a poly(A)-oligo(dT) template-primer. Despite the similarity of the reaction of DNA polymerases beta and gamma with poly(A)-oligo(dT), some other properties of these enzymes suggest that they represent distinct enzymatic entities. PMID- 59501 TI - Cytophotometric studies of the DNA, nucleic acid and protein content of human liver cell nuclei. AB - Cytophotometry was performed on human liver cell nuclei obtained from liver biopsies in 18 patients with normal or practically normal liver histology as judged by light microscopy. Imprints of liver cells and liver cells or liver cell nuclei obtained by different isolation procedures were studied. The nuclear DNA, total nucleic acid and protein content was evaluated after Feulgen, gallocyanin and naphtol-yellow staining and by UV-spectrophotometry. The nuclear area was obtained during the cytophotometric scanning procedure (Zeiss UMSP I). A total of 2,330 nuclei were investigated and approximately 80 per cent of these were diploid. The diploid value was confirmed by UV-spectrophotometry where a total nucleic acid content of approximately 7 pg was found. The nuclei could be grouped in classes corresponding to di-, tetra- and octaploid nuclei, according to their contents of DNA, total nucleic acid and protein and according to their size. The variation in nuclear contents was lowest for DNA with a coefficient of variation of approximately five percent, and highest for the protein content (15 per cent). Within diploid nuclei, insignificant as well as significant correlations between DNA content and size were found, but taken all together a weak positive correlation is likely. Higher correlations were found between nuclear nucleic acid content and size and between nuclear protein content and nuclear size. PMID- 59502 TI - Histogenesis of mucin in follicular mucinosis. An electron microscopic study. AB - Many dilated cystic ergastoplasms, including their granular, filamentous contents, the developed Golgi apparatuses, and vesicles were observed in the cytoplasm of affected root sheath cells, which were accompanied by much amorphous agglutination of fine granular or flocculent materials in the interstices. These extracellular substances were stained with ruthenium red and seemed to correspond to increased metachromatic materials, probably composed of hyaluronic acid. Possible structures for hyaluronic acid were discussed. Mucin in follicular mucinosis seemed to be produced by secretory function of follicle cells. PMID- 59503 TI - Ultrastructure of localized myxedema. AB - Five biopsies from three patients with localized myxedema were studied by electron microscopy. The dermis showed an overwhelming accumulation of microfibrils with knobs (acid glycosaminoglycans) and an amorphous material containing glycoprotein. Furthermore, evidence of degradation without new formation of collagen fibrils was found. Considerable numbers of mast cells with various types of granules, fibroblasts with dilated granular endoplasmic reticulum, and macrophages were seen in the mucinous areas. PMID- 59504 TI - Apoptosis in lichen planus and several other dermatoses. Intra-epidermal cell death with filamentous degeneration. AB - In hyperplastic conditions of the skin, eosinophilic bodies are often observed in the epidermis and upper dermis. These have been named variously Civatte body of lichen planus and dyskeratotic cell of actinic keratosis. In the present studies, it was found that (i) these cells commonly contain whorls of distinct filaments (60-80 A), which may be attached to desmosomes; (ii) unlike keratinized cells, the cellular envelope was not thickened by the formation of the marginal band; (iii) the cytoplasm contains a large number of vacuoles; (iv) the nucleus is lost by condensation or diffuse disintegration; and (v) these cells could be dropped into the upper dermis and filamentous contents could be released to dermal phagocytes. From these observations it was concluded that Civatte bodies and other eosinophilic bodies of neoplastic and hyperplastic epidermis represent "filamentous degeneration" or premature keratinization of keratinocytes. PMID- 59505 TI - Immunofluorescent studies of the skin in mixed cryoglobulinaemia and Schonlein Henoch purpura. AB - Immunofluorescence investigations in patients with mixed cryoglobulinaemia, Schonlein-Henoch purpura and purpuric allergic reaction with disseminated intravascular coagulation have been performed. In the lesional skin from 8 patients with mixed cryoglobulinaemia, granular vascular deposits of immunoglobulins of the same classes as those of the circulating cryoglobulins were detectable in all cases; complement and fibrinogen were concomitantly present. In the unaffected skin, IgM and complement were detected in the walls of the capillaries. In the early purpuric lesions from 6 patients with Schonlein Henoch syndrome and from a patient with diseeminated vascular coagulation from acute allergic reaction to phenylbutazone, deposits of fibrinogen occurred mainly in the vessel walls. PMID- 59506 TI - The cutaneous reactions to kallikrein, prostaglandin and thurfyl nicotinate in chronic urticaria and the effect of polyphloretin phosphate. AB - The erythema and wealing resulting from the application of thurfyl nicotinate ointment (Trafuril) and from the inoculation of kallikrein has been studied in patients with chronic urticaria and normal controls. Polyphloretin phosphate (PPP) suppressed the reaction in controls but in patients with urticaria it increased the reactions to Trafuril and had little effect on the kallikrein reaction. PPP also suppressed the PGE2-induced erythma in normal controls but not in urticaria patients. In a separate study using fibrinolysis autography, prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGF2alpha depressed fibrinolysis in the skin of two pigs and both kallikrein and Trafuril suppressed fibrinolysis in human skin. It is suggested that the inflammatory reaction induced by thurfyl nicotinate and kallikrein is mediated in part by a prostaglandin-like action. Several anomalies in the action of Trafuril in skin diseases can be explained if such prostaglandin like activity is mediated in part through inhibition of fibrinolysis. PMID- 59507 TI - Effects of dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate on human melanocytes in vitro. AB - The effects of cyclic AMP and its analogue, dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) on the pigmentary system were studied by using human epidermal melanocytes in culture. The melanocytes responded to 1 mM DBcAMP with an increase in number, length, and complexity of dendritic processes. The effect of DBcAMP on the dendritogenesis was reversible. Melanin synthesis, as indicated by the uptake of tyrosine in the presence of an inhibitor of protein synthesis, was significantly stimulated by DBcAMP. The maximum stimulation was observed at concentrations of 0.5 mM, and 1.0 mM. The melanin synthesis increased after 12-hour treatment with DBcAMP and continued to increase with the prolonged treatment. Cyclic AMP, theophylline, sodium butyrate, or 5'-AMP at a concentration of 1 mM did not have any remarkable effect on the morphology or the melanin synthesis of the melanocyte. The results of this investigation indicate the possible role of the MSH-cyclic AMP system in the melanin pigmentation of human skin and represent a system for further study of the pathobiology of human melanocytes. PMID- 59508 TI - Phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in generalized pustular psoriasis. AB - The phagocytic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes from 10 patients suffering from generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) has been studied. In all patients intracellular iodination capacity was measured, and 6 were studied regarding hexose monophosphate shunt activity (HMS) and bactericidal capacity. In 2 patients leukocytes from pustules were tested by the iodination reaction. Sera from 7 patients were incubated with normal leukocytes in a bactericidal test to evaluate the opsonizing capacity, which was found to be normal. Leukocytes from patients with GPP after 120 min of incubation with bacteria exhibited significantly impaired lethality compared with the controls, but no significant difference was found after 60 min. Iodination capacity and HMS activity were normal in all patients except in one, who was found to be deficient in myeloperoxidase. The possible significance of the impaired lethability of bacteria in the pathogenesis of GPP is discussed. PMID- 59509 TI - The relation of HL-A antigens to liver histology in methotrexate-treated psoriatics. AB - A total of 45 patients with severe psoriasis vulgaris treated with Methylaminopterin NFN (Methotrexate Lederle) were HL-A typed in order to seek a possible correlation between HL-A antigens and the histological abnormalities in post-Methotrexate (MTX) liver biopsies. Highly significantly increased frequencies of w17 and TY (P less than 0.0001) were found, while HL-A13 Was only slightly increased. No statistically significant correlations were found between HL-A antigens and liver histology. HL-A typing does not seem to be of any predictive value in the pre-MTX screening of psoriatics in order to rule out patients with a high risk of liver damage during long-term MTX therapy. PMID- 59510 TI - Aggravation of psoriasis and occurrence of psoriasiform cutaneous eruptions induced by practolol (Eraldin). AB - Twelve patients with cutaneous and/or eye symptoms caused by practolol have been studied. The morphological appearance of the skin eruptions was psoriasiform in 5, vesiculo-papular in one, and exfoliating dermatitis was seen in 2 patients. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca was the only adverse reaction to practolol in one and was present in 3 additional patients. Practolol was found to aggravate existing psoriasis in 3 patients and render it extremely refractory to therapy. PMID- 59511 TI - The spontaneous regression of keratoacanthoma in man. AB - This study was undertaken to search for immune mediated mechanisms which could possibly be involved in the spontaneous regression of keratoacanthomas. In eleven patients with solitary keratoacanthoma, immunofluorescence studies did not reveal significant staining patterns, while skin tests, using autologous extracts of keratoacanthomas, were not compatible with true delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 59512 TI - Oral trimethylpsoralen in the treatment of vitiligo. AB - One hundred and 18 children with various clinical types of vitiligo, were treated with oral trimethylpsoralen (Trisoralen, P. B. Elder Co.) followed by exposure to sunlight or an artificial ultraviolet radiation source. In 61 of the adult patients, more than 80% of the vitiliginous areas became repigmented, 18 patients re-pigmented 50-80%, 13 repigmented less than 50% and 8 patients failed to repigment at all. In all of the children, more than 80% of the treated vitiliginous patches became repigmented. No side effects were observed. A follow up study of the retention of the new pigment revealed that 72 adults (out of 76 followed-up) and 10 children (out of 11) without any treatment had retained 95% or more of the new pigment, 18 months after the completion of treatment. Oral trimethylpsoralen is therefore suggested for the treatment of vitiligo. PMID- 59513 TI - [Erythrocyte freezing in the presence of hydroxyethyl starch]. AB - Biochemical properties of erythrocytes frozen in the presence of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) as preserving substance produced in this country were assessed. Erythrocytes were frozen adding HES in 4 different concentrations. The most favourable results were obtained with erythrocytes subjected to the action of HES in 30% and 35% concentrations. The erythrocyte 2,3-DPG level during freezing with 35% HES was within normal limits while it decreased by 10% after defreezing when 30% HES had been used. The ATP concentration in erythrocytes fell by 50% in relation to the initial value. A slight fall of P50 was observed and erythrocyte loss after defreezing did not exceed 10%. The 35% HES solution in a 0.15 mol/l sodium chloride solution was most favourable for freezing erythrocytes in liquid nitrogen. A simple method of preparation of defrozen erythrocytes for transfusion was elaborated. PMID- 59514 TI - Placento-thyroidal relationship in normal pregnancy. AB - Estimations of serum HCT, HTSH, T4, T3, PBI, ETR, Triosorb, TBG-binding capacity, BMR and urinary total estrogen were made simultaneously in 160 women in normal pregnancy. TRH stimulation tests were made in 20 cases in each trimester of pregnancy. HCT was detectable even in early pregnancy, tending to increase gradually toward the terminal stage of pregnancy as serum thyrotrophin bioactivity showed. On the other hand, serum TSH level measured by radio immunoassay remained essentially the same throughout the course of pregnancy as in the nonpregnant state, moreover, it was suggested by the TRH stimulation test that pituitary TSH secreting function of pregnant women was similar to that of the non-pregnant. These findings suggest that thyroid hyperfunction during pregnancy which is shown by progressively increased T3, T4, and PBI may not be due to high estrogen-high TBG binding capacity-low free thyroxinenegative feed back-high TSH secretion but to HCT originating from placenta. In spite of thyroid hormone increase, it is true that the clinical picture of hyperthyroidism is not manifest among normal pregnant women, and ETR remained within the non-pregnant range throughout the course of pregnancy. We have also demonstrated that Triosorb decreased progressively. This may be interpreted to be due to the increase of TBG binding capacity which is increased progressively and binds more of free thyroxine during pregnancy. Such a change in TBG binding capacity is well known to be caused by the effect of estrogen which is progressively increased during pregnancy. In a word, it is possible to say that there is a placento-thyroidal system in pregnancy; HCT elevates thyroid function and TBG increased by estrogen carries thyroid hormone to target organ. PMID- 59515 TI - The product albumin by alpha-globulin in the assessment of protein nutritional status. AB - The product albumin by alpha-globulins (A X alpha) was determined in the serum of two hundred preschool children with protein-calorie malnutrition grouped according to clinical-anthropometric categories, and the results were compared with those obtained in a group of one hundred well-nourished children of the same age range. Though values obtained in malnourished children showed significant differences from those obtained in the controls, this parameter does not allow a biochemical distinction among the four groups studied. PMID- 59516 TI - On the diagnostic value of alpha-1-fetoprotein (AFP) in hepatocellular carcinoma. PMID- 59518 TI - Specificity of antigenic fractions of tuberculin. AB - Purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium bovis was separated into 6 fractions by electrophoresis at 1500 V/40 mA in pH 4.2 acetic acid-pyridine buffer. Further purification of one of the fractions on Sephadex G 25 column and by acid hydrolysis yielded antigen "PS" eliciting tuberculin reaction only in animals vaccinated with M. bovis BCG but not in those sensitized with M. avium and some fast-growing mycobacteria. The specificity of antigen "PS" was confirmed in vitro: the antigen induced blastic transformation only in lymphocytes of guinea pigs sensitized with M. bovis BCG. PMID- 59517 TI - The effect of different oral anticoagulants on diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and tolbutamide metabolism. AB - The effect of bishydroxycoumarin, phenprocoumon, warfarin and phenindione on the metabolism of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) and tolbutamide has been studied in 54 patients. The half-lives of DPH and tolbutamide in blood following i.v. injections were studied in 33 patients before and after one week of anticoagulant treatment. Bishydroxycoumarin increased the mean half-life values of DPH from 8.8 to 37.4 hours and of tolbutamide from 4.9 to 17.5. Phenprocoumon prolonged DPH half-life from a mean value of 9.9 to 14.0 hours but did not change the tolbutamide half-life. Warfarin and phenindione did not affect DPH or tolbutamide half-lives. Steady state concentration studies in 21 patients showed a rise in serum DPH during bishydroxycoumarin and phenprocoumon treatment but not during treatment with warfarin and phenindione. A rise in serum tolbutamide was noted during treatment with bishydroxycoumarin. These findings suggest that bishydroxycoumarin inhibits the betabolism of DPH and tolbutamide and that phenprocoumon inhibits DPH metabolism. No effect on DPH and tolbutamide metabolism could be demonstrated following administration of warfarin and phenindione. PMID- 59519 TI - Non-specific antimicrobial cellular resistance in sensitized guinea pigs. AB - Specific delayed-type hypersensitivity was induced in guinea pigs with bovine albumin + complete Freund adjuvant, bovine gamma globulin + complete Freund adjuvant and BCG vaccine. The animals were subsequently tested for nonspecific antimicrobial resistance. Sensitized and control groups were challenged intraperitoneally with Listeria monocytogenes 2 hr after reinjection with the sensitizing antigen. The listeria content of the spleens was determined 1 or 5 days after the infection. The number of organisms recovered from the spleen one day after infection was significantly less in guinea pigs sensitized with bovine gamma globulin and BCG than in the control group; after 5 days no such difference was recorded. There was no difference between the bovine albumin sensitized and the control group 1 day after infection, while on the 5th postinfection day listeria counts were higher in the sensitized than in the control animals. PMID- 59520 TI - Antigenic relationship between Morganella morganii and Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - Two new O antigens have been described for the Morganella morganii antigenic schema. O antigens of the strains representing the new serotypes (O43 :H2 and O44 : H19, 37) are related to Yersinia enterocolitica O9 and O17, respectively. PMID- 59521 TI - Molecular order of carbohydrate components in cell walls of bacteria, fungi and algae according to the topo-optical reaction of the vicinal OH groups. AB - Selective topo-optical staining of vicinal OH groups with aldehyde-bisulphite toluidine blue (ABT) has been used for studying the molecular structural order of polysaccharide components in microbial cell walls and capsules. (i) By intensive metachromatic staining in the light microscope, the method demonstrates carbohydrates, containing free vicinal OH or acylaminohydroxyl groups. (ii) The birefringence induced by oriented toluidine blue binding of the ABT reaction, provides information about the linear order of the reacting carbohydrate chains, a possibility not offered by other ultrastructural methods. Furthermore the different optical character of birefringence induced by ABT is indicative of the presence of (a) tangentially oriented polysaccharide chains in the cell wall of the molds and bacterial capsules; or (b) radially oriented OH groups suggesting helical glycan chains of peptidoglucomannane and mucopeptide in the yeasts and bacterial cell walls. PMID- 59522 TI - Cell wall lipopolysaccharide response to the ColIb plasmid mutants. AB - Mutants of ColIb plasmid affected the synthesis of O-side chains of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in Salmonella. The plasmid srd 25 (defective in colicin synthesis) caused a significant decline of rhamnose and mannose content and lack of abequose in LPS of S. typhimurium. The number of repeating units in O-side chains was decreased after the indroduction of srd 25. Cultures of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis harboring drd2 (derepressed in colicin production) polymerised dideoxyhexose-defective O-side chains i.e. deprived of abequose and tyvelose, respectively. In dideoxyhexoseless S. meleagridis the content of rhamnose and mannose were reduced. The information for the alterations of Salmonella LPS was contained in the plasmid genome. In the wild-type plasmids the genes controlling the O-antigen changes were not expressed. PMID- 59523 TI - Induction of tryptophanase in nitrofurantoin resistant Vibrio El Tor. PMID- 59524 TI - Amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis in streptomycin resistant Vibrio El Tor. AB - Metabolic activities in relation to protein synthesis and amino acid utilization are altered in Vibrio El Tor after development of resistance towards streptomycin. Efficiency of in vivo and in vitro protein synthesis is markedly reduced in streptomycin resistant Vibrio El Tor. The rate of incorporation of 14C amino acids into protein, uptake of 14C-valine and oxidation of certain amino acids are also altered. PMID- 59525 TI - The effect of rhizobiophages on the effectiveness of Rhizobium meliloti in symbiosis with lucerne. I. Effect of various strains of R. meliloti and rhizobiophages on the yield and nitrogen fixation in lucerne. AB - Pot and test-tube experiments were carried out on the effect of phages on yield and nitrogen fixation in lucerne inoculated with effective and non-effective strains of Rhizobium meliloti. It was found that some strains of R. meliloti became activated by the phages, which was reflected in an increase in yield and in crude protein content in the plants, while others lost their effectiveness. The results of pot experiments were in line with those of the test-tube experiments and have demonstrated that the effect of phages on the effectiveness of Rhizobium is not simply negative or positive, but depends on the properties of the bacterial strains used. PMID- 59526 TI - The effect of rhizobiophages on the effectiveness of Rhizobium meliloti in symbiosis with lucerne. II. Effects of phages on the R. meliloti strains during passing them through the plant. AB - Studies were carried out of the effectiveness of Rhizobium meliloti strains reisolated from the roots of lucerne inoculated with effective and non-effective strains in the presence or absence of rhizobiophages. Estimates were made of the changes in phage-sensitivity and lysogeny found in these strains compared with the parent strains. It was found that the character of the reisolated strains depended on the changes brought about by passing through the plant and on the activity of the phages. PMID- 59527 TI - RS virus components. I. Isolation and purification. AB - RS virus was centrifuged in zonal rotor on 55% sucrose cushion. Three layers were collected: light (RS-LL) containing complement-fixing antigen, medium (RS-ML) containing both complement-fixing and virus particle antigens, and heavy (RS-HL) containing antigen associated with the virus particle. RS-LL was chromatographed on Sephadex G-200 column. Two peaks were obtained, containing complement-fixing activity (RS-LL-1 and RS-LL-2). After sonication (20 Hz, 30 min) RS-ML and RS-HL also were chromatographed on Sephadex G-200 column. Two protein peaks were obtained from each layer (RS-ML-1 and RS-ML-2 from medium, and RS-HL-1 and RS-HL 2 from the heavy layer), corresponding to RS virus proteins. PMID- 59528 TI - RS virus components. II. Antigenicity. AB - Rabbits were immunized with RS virus components, isolated as described previously. The sera were tested by neutralization, double diffusion and complement-fixation. RS virus components induced low titers of precipitating and complement-fixing antibodies, and failed to stimulate the neutralizing antibodies. PMID- 59529 TI - Specificity of the agar gel microimmunodiffusion test in rabies diagnostics. AB - The agar-gel microimmunodiffusion test (MIDT) with commercially available antirabies sera from different sources was applied to evaluation of rabies infection at about 500 brains from suspected animals. The high nonspecificity of the test and false positive results with nonvirulent materials were stated when compared with the histopathological, biological and FA tests. For evaluation of the nonspecificity and its cause, different antirabies sera and brain antigens from noninfected and rabid animals were used. Absorption of sera with tissue powders or immuno absorbent had a little influence on test specificity. The main causes of nonspecificity was the presence of antibrain antibodies in sera of producers-animals hiperimmunized by brain and spinal cord tissue vaccines. Application of the test to rabies diagnostics without purified control antigens and highly specific sera seems to be unjustified. PMID- 59530 TI - Laboratory investigations on "postvaccinall rabies" caused by live sheep-brain vaccine. AB - The viral ethiology of postvaccinal complications among 30 dogs vaccinated by live antirabies vaccine (Umeno-Doi type, sheep brain vaccine) was fully confirmed. Three lots of virulent vaccine were inoculated subcutaneously into groups of "Wistar" rats according to the different schemes. Between the 1st and 12th day after the end of the vaccination there were no isolations of fixed virus in direct and blind i.c. passages of suspensions made from the thalamus area on succkling mice and rats. Also the viral antigen in the CNS of vaccinated but apparently healthy rats was undetectable. The "postvaccinal rabies" with the next isolation of fixed r.v. in the CNS was developed experimentally in rats only following the subcutaneous injection of the crude sheep-brain's and spinal cord's suspensions--composing the materials to production of antirabies vaccine. PMID- 59531 TI - The occurrence of rhizobiophages in various lucerne plantations. PMID- 59532 TI - The role of polymerase III in conjugation between E. coli K12 donor and recipient strains carrying dnaE ts mutation. AB - The possible role of DNA polimerase III in conjugation was studied in a series of mutants temperature-sensitive for DNA polymerase III synthesis. The temperature sensitive DNA mutation called dnaE 486 (ts) prohibits vegetative DNA replication at 41-45 degrees. Transfer of episome and chromosome from temperature-sensitive donor, carrying dnaE mutation to wild-type recipient strains, revertants and dnaE recipients was investigated. In the first two cases the number of Lac+ sexductants being even slightly higher at 43 degrees. Conjugational synthesis accompanying transfer involving the combination of dnaE (ts) thymine dependent and thymine independent donor and recipient strains measured by incorporation of 14C thymine was observed at the restrictive temperature. In the case of conjugation with temperaturesensitive recipient strains a drop of Lac+ sexductants and Pro+ recombinants may be as a result of disturbances in the synthesis of complementary strand in recipient, known to be dependent on pol III. However, the episome investigated by centrifugation in neutral CsC1 gradient after its transfer to the recipient with faulty polymerase III was double stranded (replicated) at the restrictive temperature. PMID- 59533 TI - Effect of dicumarol on the growth of some soil microorganisms. AB - The effect of dicumarol on growth of selected soil bacteria: Azotobacter chroococcum, Arthrobacter globiformis, A. citreus and Bacillus megaterium was studied. The following minimum concentrations were inhibitory in vitro: Arthrobacter citreus--20 mug/ml., Bacillus megaterium--40 mug/ml., Azotobacter chroococcum--40 mug/ml. Arthrobacter globiformis--70 mug/ml. Cells of all microorganisms studied grown in the presence of dicumarol developed aberrant morphological forms. PMID- 59534 TI - An active kallikrein-alpha2-macroglobulin complex generated by treatment of human plasma with acetone. PMID- 59535 TI - Leukokinins-clinical entities of neoplasia? PMID- 59536 TI - Raised plasma kininogen levels in rheumatoid patients-response to therapy with monsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 59537 TI - Inhibitors of kinin-forming enzymes. PMID- 59538 TI - Gangliosides of the neuron: localization and origin. PMID- 59540 TI - Antigenic differences among bovine and porcine Factor VIII concentrates. AB - Three anti-Factor-VIII antibodies from hemophiliacs were reacted with samples of batches of Maws commerical bovine and porcine Factor VIII concentrates manufactured over a 12-year period. The apparent antibody concentrations varied widely with the different batches of concentrates. The variations are probably due to intrinsic differences in the antigenic nature of the Factor VIII in the different preparations. With the older porcine concentrates, the low apparent concentrations may be in part due to the reaction of antibody with inactive Factor VIII. When animal Factor VIII concentrates are used in treating hemophiliac patients who have anti-Factor-VIII antibodies, the least reactive batch should be chosen. Random batches of animal concentrates are not suited as a standard for measuring anti-Factor-VIII antibody concentration. PMID- 59539 TI - [Study of histamine in asthma]. AB - Histamine is generally considered as the principal chemical mediator in experimental allergy of type I and anaphylaxis. However, its part in human bronchial asthma remains discussed, because neither the dosage of histamine in blood, nor the use of antihistaminics have furnished any real evidence. This study is dealing with two elements: the importance of local bronchopulmonary phenomena, and the associated mediators also liberated in asthma, such as SRSA. ECFA, kinines, prostaglandins and disorders of balance between, on one hand, alpha and beta-actions of the catecholamines, and on the other hand, between the two main types of cyclic nucleotides. These considerations should allow a better approach of the asthma etiopathology and perhaps an improvement of its treatment. PMID- 59541 TI - Pancarditis in Whipple's disease: electronmicroscopic demonstration of intracardiac bacillary bodies. AB - The advent of electron microscopy has repeatedly confirmed Whipple's original postulate that bacterial infestation might be the cause of intestinal lipodystrophy (Whipple's disease). We have recently studied two patients, a 67 year-old man and a 38-year-old woman, who died of untreated Whipple's disease, and both were found to have clinically unrecognized pancarditis. Histologically, PAS-positive histiocytes in foci of chronic inflammation were demonstrable in several organs, including the heart. Electron microscopy of autopsy tissues showed numerous intracellular and extracellular rod-shaped bacillary bodies and serpiginous membranes. The bacillary bodies, some sectioned transversely and others longitudinally, were about 0.2 mum wide and 2 mum long; each had a double layered cell wall. These bacillary bodies have not been previously identified in the heart, and may be casually related to cardiac lesions occurring in many untreated cases of Whipple's disease. PMID- 59542 TI - Nonfunctioning argyrophilic tumor (APUDoma) of the hepatic duct: simplified methods of detecting biogenic amines in tissue. AB - This report documents a foregut endocrine neoplasm in an unusual location, the main hepatic bile duct, and describes simplified methods of detecting similar endocrine tumors. Formaldehyde fume-induced fluorescence (FIF) is a quick, specific method to demonstrate biogenic amines. FIF combined with histochemical procedures showing abundant alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase and esterases indicates the neural crest origin of these and related neoplasms. Amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation (APUD) is a significant marker of these cells and gives them their name. PMID- 59543 TI - Proceedings: How can we compare the effectiveness of different programs and modalities? PMID- 59544 TI - The case for not giving gamma globulin in all exposure to hepatitis B. PMID- 59545 TI - The use of standard gamma globulin for the prevention of hepatitis B. PMID- 59546 TI - Splenectomy for palliation of chronic myelocytic leukemia. AB - Sixty patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML) (most, in the "terminal phase" of the disease) were subjected to splenectomy because of symptomatic splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia or anemia for which they required frequent transfusions. Surgical morbidity and mortality were high when the procedure was performed on a "casual" basis, but both were reduced sharply after care of these patients was restricted to a single medical-surgical-nursing team and improved technics of surgery and perioperative management were developed. Significant hematologic and clinical benefit was achieved in half of the patients and temporary arrest of the disease was often observed, but in most patients, the basic evolution of CML was not greatly altered. In eight patients, however, long lasting improvement (one to nine years) was recorded. Measurement of the doubling time of circulating leukemic cells and other observations were consistent with the hypothesis that, in some patients, the spleen contains a more rapidly proliferating and "more malignant" population of leukemic cells than the marrow. We conclude that splenectomy is often a useful palliative procedure in advanced stages of CML, and that it may be strikingly beneficial in 10 to 15 per cent of such cases. PMID- 59547 TI - Technical procedures and staining methods for renal needle biopsies. AB - Procedures specifically developed for kidney needle biopsies are presented. These procedures may be applied to improve the slide quality of all small specimens. Fixation, processing, knife sharpening, cutting, and staining procedures used by the author are discussed. A modification of the Jones method for basement membranes is given. PMID- 59548 TI - A light microscopic, autoradiographic study of axoplasmic transport in the normal rhesus optic nerve head. AB - A systematic study of axoplasmic transport in the normal optic nerve head is essential to the understanding of the role of this process in the pathogenesis of disease of the optic nerve. Twenty-one eyes from normal adult rhesus monkeys were subjected to intravitreal injections of tritiated leucine (3H) or proline (3H). Light microscopic autoradiographs were prepared on these eyes and optic nerves six hours to 60 days after injection. The isotope that was incorporated in cytoplasmic components associated with the slow phase of axoplasmic transport (3H leucine) became concentrated in the temporal region of the optic nerve head, unevenly distributed within axons in the axonal bundles, and apparently accumulated in axons or glial cells, or both, in the lamina choroidalis and scleralis as a broad pulse of isotope moved across the optic nerve head. Several anatomic factors, including the distribution of macular fibers, increasing amounts of glial cells within the same axonal bundles as the optic nerve passed from the lamina retinalis to the lamina scleralis, and the abrupt addition of myelin sheaths to axons behind the lamina scleralis, contributed to the complex distribution of isotope in the normal optic nerve head. Glial cell labeling was especially prominent with 3H proline. PMID- 59549 TI - Deposition of substances within hydrophilic lenses. AB - One class of hydrophilic lens deposits appears as small, discreted spots under low magnification. Higher magnification of cross sections reveals partially crystalline structures which actually extend into the lens matrix. Histochemical stains indicate the presence of tear film components within these deposits. PMID- 59551 TI - Streptozotocin and renal amyloidosis in the Syrian hamster. AB - In the Syrian hamster, administration of the drug streptozotocin was associated with an increased incidence and severity of renal amyloidosis. Some of the more severely affected animals showed a frankly nephrotic picture. Although some of the diseased animals showed decreased levels of serum albumin, no other definite changes in serum proteins were noted, nor was there any evidence of glomerular immunoglobulin or immune complex deposition. None of the lesions previously found after administration of streptozotocin in the Chinese hamster were encountered. PMID- 59550 TI - Gel-filtered human platelets. Ultrastructure, function, and role of proteins in inhibition of aggregation by aspirin. AB - Gel filtration of human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on columns of Sepharose 2B removed at least 99.85% of the plasma proteins from platelets when a column 10 cm in height was used and a plasma volume 11 to 14% of the gel-bed volume was applied. ADP and ATP levels in gel-filtered platelets (GFP) were not significantly different from those in PRP. By transmission electron microscopy, GFP were indistinguishable from PRP. Gel filtration appears to be a highly satisfactory technique of separating platelets from plasma without modifying structure, function, or contents significantly. The roles of several crude protein fractions in platelet aggregation and aspirin's inhibition of aggregation were examined. Fraction I (mostly fibrinogen) enhanced collagen-induced aggregation of gel-filtered platelets; Fraction V (mostly albumin) was inhibitory. Fraction II (mostly gamma-globulin) or gelatin had no significant effect. Aspirin added to gel-filtered platelets inhibited aggregation by 80%. The addition of mixtures of plasma proteins containing albumin increased albumin's inhibitory effect. Incubation of gel-filtered platelets with aspirin labeled in the carboxyl position resulted in no uptake of the label. In contrast, incubation with acetyl-labeled aspirin was followed by uptake of more than 2 X 10(6) acetyl groups per platelet in 1 minute. Incubation for 30 minutes resulted in a five- to sixfold further increase in uptake of the label. Aspirin can acetylate platelets and inhibit aggregation directly. Plasma proteins, in particular albumin or a contaminant of the albumin fraction tested, enhance the inhibitory effect of aspirin on platelet aggregation. PMID- 59552 TI - Repetitive extrasystole as an index of vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation. AB - The assessment of ventricular vulnerability by inducing ventricular fibrillation (VF) presents limitations when neural activity is being investigated, especially in the unanesthetized animal. As repetitive extrasystoles (RE) have been observed to precede the occurrence of VF, it was relevant to determine whether the RE threshold provides a reliable index of cardiac susceptivility to fibrillation. The RE and VF threshold relationships were studied in 32 chloralose-anesthetized dogs during left stellate ganglion stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, and beta adrenergic blockage with practolol. The vulnerable period was scanned at 1-ms intervals and at 2-mA increments with a single, 2-ms, constant-current cathodal stimulus; RE and multiple RE were induced reproducibly when 66% and 82%, respectively, of the fibrillatory current was administered. The nadirs for RE and multiple RE were coincident in the cardiac cycle with the vulnerable-period threshold for VF. Stellate and vagal stimulation and beta-adrenergic blockade resulted in comparable changes in RE and VF thresholds and produced equivalent shifts in the cardiac cycle of the RE and VF vulnerable-period nadirs. These observations suggest that RE and VF phenomena share a common electrophysiologic basis and that the RE threshold can be used as an end point for measuring ventricular vulnerability to VF. PMID- 59553 TI - External diversion for palliative treatment of malignant tracheoesophageal or bronchoesophageal fistulas. AB - The creation of cervical esophagostomy, distal esophageal ligation, and a feeding gastrostomy in combination with an external bypass device for the treatment of malignant tracheoesophageal and bronchoesophageal fistulas offers a simple and rational approach for a critical situation in which more extensive surgical procedures are neither warranted nor more effective. PMID- 59554 TI - Pancuronium binding by serum proteins. AB - Pancuronium has not been suspected of binding to serum proteins. Experimental evidence is presented of strong binding to gamma globulin, and of moderate binding to albumin. No evidence could be found of binding to alpha of beta globulin fractions. Less than 13% of a dose in the clinical range would be unbound and active. PMID- 59555 TI - Studies of blood clotting system during anaesthesia for prostatectomy. I. Epidural analgesia. AB - The studies were carried out on 20 patients operated on for prostatic adenoma under epidural analgesia. It was observed that activation of the fibrinolytic system is due to trauma to the prostate and is connected with release of plasmin activators into circulating blood. Epidural analgesia has no effect on the blood clotting and fibrinolysis systems and is a safe method in prostatectomy. PMID- 59556 TI - Monitoring of the fetus. PMID- 59557 TI - A new look at type I immediate hypersensitivity immune reactions. AB - The pathogenesis of type I disorders, particularly allergic asthma and urticaria, requires a critical review in the light of recent findings which indicate a second pathway for the release of granulocyte mediators. The isolation of enzyme activity of some of these released mediator establishes a direct link between the immunological system and bradykinin, as well as a system of self modulation of kinin activity. These findings open the door for a broader understanding of the asthmatic process and lay the foundation for integrating extrinsic and intrinsic asthma. PMID- 59558 TI - [Changes in the positive P.A.S. reaction of the cytoplasm of giant cells. Role of etiologic factors and the giant cell reaction]. AB - The search for alpha-amylase resistant, P.A.S. positive cytoplasm has been carried out in 206 giant cell lesions with or without specific inflammatory features and with neogenetic and degenerative plasmodia. It allowed to distinguish: --P.A.S. positivity in inflammatory cells of any nature, however with quantitative variations linked to etiologic factors (pathogen agent and disposition), to site, to the age of the plasmodia, and particularly, with negativation of the reaction in ancient lesions;--negativity of the neogenetic and degenerative plasmodia, save the giant cell articular lesions. Cells containing glycogen particularly (muscular tumors, renal or placental) are easily identified thanks to enzymatic digestion tests. Variations observed in the inflammatory cells seem to be the reflect of an active metabolism bringing about resorption phenomena but probably also immunization processes acting at the level of the cellular microenvironment. PMID- 59559 TI - [Morphometric analysis of periosteocytic osteolysis: its application to the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism]. AB - The authors indicate the required methodologic conditions for the morphometric analysis of periosteocytic osteolysis, a reliable and specific feature of overactivity of the parathyroid gland. Indeed, significant periosteocytic enlargement has been found in 101 113 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism compared to 92 reference cases. The measurement of the size of the periosteocytic lacunae may be carried out either on hand of a micrometric eyepiece or of a picture analyser. It has to be carried out on decalcified bone sections of 5 microns thickness and it is necessary to measure at least 50 lacunae. The decalcification process unmasks an already partially decalcified crown of periosteocytic bone tissue the thickness of which is more important in the hyperparathyroidal bone than in normal bone. This zone has a peculiar collagen texture. The measurement of the peri-osteocytic enlargement is easy on stained sections of decalcified bone or on microradiographs of non-decalcified bone and, contrariwise, very dubious on stained sections of non-decalcified bone. PMID- 59560 TI - Whodunit (and why). Part II. PMID- 59561 TI - 10 years' experience treating pancreatic and periampullary cancer. AB - The records of 136 patients with periampullary and pancreatic carcinoma were reviewed and the information compared with other reported series. The clinical presentation with jaundice without other manifestations is associated with the greatest number of potentially curable tumors. The majority of patients were treated by palliative bypass or had exploration and biopsy only. A tissue diagnosis is not imperative before radical excision, providing a systematic preoperative and operative evaluation indicates tumor. Ligation of the pancreatic duct with external drainage results in low morbidity and mortality and good functional results. Radical pancreaticoduodenectomy done in 21 per cent of our patients offers the best palliation and the only hope for cure. PMID- 59562 TI - [Alpha-fetoprotein and neonatology: Postnatal estimation of gestational age and idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Cord serum AFP levels have been determined in 66 newborn samples, between 30 to 42 weeks of gestational age. Results showed some relation between AFP rate and newborn maturity degree, so it was possible to foresay the gestational age with some limits of error +/- 17 days in full-term newborn, and +/- 10 days in premature ones. Cuantification in the amniotic fluid of 18 high risk gestation gave normal AFP rates. AFP of thirty patients with respiratory distress was tested. An AFP increase was present in 14 of 15 cases of hyaline membrane. On the remaining 15 cases of respiratory distress only 3 gave high levels. These facts point that AFP can be used as a suitable parameter in the biochemical diagnosis of hyaline membrane. PMID- 59563 TI - Arrhythmias in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome. Prevalence, nature, and frequency. AB - Ambulatory monitoring and maximal treadmill exercise were compared in 40 normal subjects and 31 patients with mitral prolapse. A variable arrhythmia spectrum was observed in prolapse during monitoring: premature ventricular contractions in 18 (58%), supraventricular arrhythmias in 11 (35%), and bradyarrhythmias in 9 (29%). Significantly less arrhythmias occurred in normal subjects during monitoring: 10 (25%, P greater than 0.001), 3 (8%, P less than 0.001), 4 (10%, P less than 0.05), and 2 (5%, P less than 0.02), respectively. In patients with prolapse, arrhythmias occurred on resting electrocardiogram (ECG), 35% premature ventricular contractons, 6% supraventricular arrhythmias, and 10% bradyarrhythmias, and on treadmill exercise, 45%, 10%, and 3%; therefore, ambulatory monitoring was the most sensitive method of arrhythmia detection. No correlation existed between clinical features of prolapse and arrhythmias. Thus, arrhythmias occur in most patients with mitral prolapse, are not predictable by clinical characteristics, comprise a spectrum of ventricular and supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias, and are best detected by ambulatory ECG monitoring. PMID- 59564 TI - Diagnosis of allergy to stinging insects by skin testing with Hymenoptera venoms. AB - SKin testing was done on 30 patients with a history of anaphylactic reactions after a Hymenoptera sting and on 30 control subjects. The patients all had positive basophilhistamine release to one or more venoms on challenge with the specific venoms used for skin testing (honey bee, yellow jacket, white-faced hornet, yellow hornet, and Polistes). At 0.1 mug of venom/ml and at 1.0 mug of venom/ml, 75% and 100%, respectively, of the sensitive patients had a positive skin test. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) correlation between skin test and histamine release results. Of the 150 skin tests in control patients, only 1 was positive. Venom skin tests provide, for the first time, a simple, readily available technique to accurately diagnose allergy to stinging insects. PMID- 59565 TI - [Alpha-fetoprotein. Significance and current importance]. AB - The identification of AFP in the serum after birth is always due to a hepatoma or, more rarely, a teratocarcinoma. The increasing sensitivity of methods of immuno-chemical investigation and radioimmunoassay, permit today its identification in cases other than hepatoma. In the foetus, the hepatocyte or its precursor is the site of main synthesis but is not exclusive. The synthesis of AFP has been demonstrated both in the cells of endodermic origin, yolk sack, anterior part of the intestine, stomach and colon. In hepatomas, only a small proportion of neo-hepatocytes is AFP positive on immunofluorescence or on electron microscopy. A quantitative study of AFP is useful above all: a) During pregnancy: detection of foetal distress or malformation when AFP is present in the amniotic fluid. b) For the supervision of patients after surgical treatment. The interest of AFP detection and estimation using high sensitivity methods is emphasized. PMID- 59566 TI - Biochemical basis of the serological cross-reactions between Brucella abortus and Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9. AB - A method based on the inhibition of agglutination is described that may be used for the differential serological diagnosis between B. abortus and Y. enterocolitica serotype O:9. An antigen with high immunological capacity was isolated from Brucella. This antigen inhibited both homologous and heterologous agglutination by Brucella antiserum, but only the heterologous agglutination by Yersinia antiserum. It proved to be constitued of a polysaccharide (N acetylglucosamine, glucose, mannose and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid), a protein and a phosphoglycerid moiety. Lipid A was absent from the Brucella antigen. Incomplete polysaccharide synthesis of the Brucella antigen, with concomitant loss of serological specificity by the rough mutant has been described. Oligosaccharides containing N-acetylgalactosamine, glucose and galactose were isolated from the specific side chain of Yersinia lipopolysaccharide. Lipid A constituents were also identified in the latter. PMID- 59567 TI - Characteristics of antigenic and biological properties of influenza A viruses isolated different epidemics of the same cycle. AB - The antigenic character of the haemagglutinin and of the neuraminidase from Myxovirus influenzae strains isolated in the USSR during the 1968, 1970, 1971 1972 and 1972-1973 epidemics, are studied. The haemagglutinins were, at first, relatively, homogenous and constant, but subsequently changed gradually newer isolates became less and less reactive against a specific serum prepared with A/Hong Kong/68. However, this druft up to 1972-1973, did go beyond the limits of the H3 subtype. There were also some differences in the biological properties between the earlier and later haemagglutinins, especially with respect to their sensitivity to gamma-inhibitor in animal sera, and to their pattern of thermoinactivation at 56 degrees C. There was a similar antigenic drift in the case of the neuraminidase, but here it was more pronounced than with the haemagglutinin, for the 1972-1973 isolates had lost virtually all cross reactivity against the 1957-1969 strains. In this manner, three neuraminidase variants could be distinguished: N2-1 from H2 sub-type isolates since 1957, N2-2 from 1964-1971 isolates and N2-3 from 1972, and beyond, strains. Central strains of virus, such as England/42/72 and some of the Leningrad/72, had neuraminidases intermediary between N2-2 and N2-3. The in vitro thermostability of these neuraminidases was variable, according to the strains. The explosive nature of the 1972-1973 epidemic was no doubt linked to the changes in the virus neuraminidase, which were more pronounced than the changes in the haemagglutinin. PMID- 59568 TI - [Therapy of dysmenorrhea]. PMID- 59569 TI - [Whipple's disease with cardiac lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 59570 TI - Immunological mechanisms and diagnostic tests in allergic drug reactions. AB - Current knowledge about the immunological mechanisms involved in drug hypersensitivity is reviewed, with comments on the major conditions which favour the development of reactions to drugs. In spite of the numerous tests available to establish the in vitro diagnosis of allergic reactions to drugs, it is often very difficult to relate the clinical picture to the laboratory findings. The results of various tests of antibody and cell-mediated responses are presented and discussed. PMID- 59571 TI - Immunoprophylaxis of gram-negative bacillary infections. PMID- 59572 TI - Relatons between structure and biological activity of sulfonamides. PMID- 59574 TI - [Action of aurantin on the chromosomal structure of continuous cultures of human amniotic cells (line A-1)]. AB - When transplantable cultures of human amniotic cells, line A-1 were treated with auranthin in concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 gamma/ml for 48 hours of their growth, the chromosomes in the methaphase proved to be not evently spiralized longitudinally and acquired the appearance of segmented structures. All the chromosomes in the set possessed the capacity for such segmentation. It was most pronounced near the centromers and at the ends of the meta- and submetacentric chromosomes. The acrocentric chromosomes were segmented longitudinally more evenly. Loose segments of the chromosomes most probably corresponded to the areas, in which auranthin binding with DNA occurred. The effect of auranthin on differentiation of the chromosomes longitudinally may be used, as it was indicated for actnomycin D, in identification of homological chromosomes in the karyotype, as well as in studies on the temporal sequence of DNA synthesis in the chromosomes. PMID- 59573 TI - Morphological methods for evaluation of pulmonary toxicity in animals. PMID- 59575 TI - [Effect of phytobacteriomycin, trichotecin, hygromycin B and levoristatin on some rat liver enzymes]. AB - In experiments with albino rats it was found that after administration of phytobacteriomycin, trichotecin, hygromycin B or levoristatin into the stomach in doses of 1/20 of LD50 activity of the microsomal enzymes of the liver cells significantly changed and the changes persisted within at least 2 weeks. The above antibiotics induced similar changes in the lysosome enzyme, i.e. acid phosphatase, providing an increase in its activity. Changes in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase (mytochondria indicator enzyme), glucose-6-phosphatase (ribosome indicator enzyme) and aspartate aminotransferase (cytoplasm indicator enzyme) were different for each antibiotic. It is concluded that the above antibiotics were capable of impairing on intoxication the enzymatic function of various cell microstructures, though the levels of the change direction may be different. PMID- 59576 TI - Phenylalanine stimulation of gramicidin S formation. AB - Bacillus brevis produces the antibiotic gramicidin S, a cyclic peptide comprised of two pentapeptide units of the sequence d-Phe-l-Pro-l-Val-l-Orn-l-Leu. Synthesis of this antibiotic is carried out by two enzymes, GS synthetases I and II. By supplementing a defined minimal medium [glycerol, NH(4) (+), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, salts] with each of the constituent amino acids (in the l form), we found that only l-phenylalanine had a marked stimulatory effect on gramicidin S production. This effect was not caused by an increase in growth, by an induction of GS synthetases I or II, or by a stabilization of these enzymes. l-Phenylalanine apparently stimulates production via its role as a precursor of the d-phenylalanine moiety of the gramicidin S molecule. PMID- 59577 TI - Electron transport components of the MnO2 reductase system and the location of the terminal reductase in a marine Bacillus. AB - The response of MnO2 reduction by uninduced and induced whole cells and cell extracts of Bacillus 29 to several electron transport inhibitors was compared. MnO2 reduction with glucose by uninduced whole cells and cell extracts was strongly inhibited at 0.1 mM dicumarol, 100 mM azide, and 8 mM cyanide but not by atebrine or carbon monoxide, suggesting the involvement of a vitamin K--type quinone and a metalloenzyme in the electron transport chain. MnO2 reduction with ferrocyanide by uninduced cell extracts was inhibited by 5 mM cyanide and 100 mM azide but not by atebrine, dicumarol, or carbon monoxide, suggesting that the metalloenzyme was associated with the terminal oxidase activity. MnO2 reduction with glucose by induced whole cells and cell extracts, was inhibited by 1 mM atebrine, 0.1 mM dicumarol, and 10 mM cyanide but not by antimycin A, 2n-nonyl-4 hydroxyguinoline-N-oxide) (NOQNO), 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-thienyl),1,3-butanedione, or carbon monoxide. Induced cell extract was also inhibited by 100 mM azide, but stimulated by 1 mM and 10 mM azide. Induced whole cells were stimulated by 10 mM and 100 mM azide. These results suggested that electron transport from glucose to MnO2 in induced cells involved such components as flavoprotein, a vitamin K-type quinone, and metalloenzyme. The stimulatory effect of azide on induced cells was explained on the basis of a branching in the terminal part of the electron transport chain, one branch involving a metalloenzyme for the reduction of MnO2 and the other involving a metalloenzyme for the reduction of oxygen. The latter was assumed to be the more azide sensitive. Spectral studies showed the presence of a-, b-, and c-type cytochromes in membrane but not in soluble fractions. Of these cytochromes, only the c type may be involved in electron transport of MnO2, owing to the lack of inhibition by antimycin A or 2n-nonyl-4-hydroxyquinoline-N oxide. The terminal MnO2 reductase appears to be loosely attached to the cell membrane of Bacillus 29 because of cell fractionation it is found associated with both particulate and soluble fractions. Electron photomicrographs of bacilli attached to synthetic Fe-Mn oxide revealed an intimate contact of the cell walls with the oxide particles. PMID- 59578 TI - Palliative surgical treatment of gastric carcinoma, duration of survival in 217 cases. AB - During the period 1958 to 1972 inclusive, 217 patients were subjected to a palliative operation because of carcinoma of the stomach. Subtotal gastric resection was performed in 33 and a total resection in 42 cases. The postoperative mortality in the resected group amounted to 8%. The average duration of survival with exclusion of the postoperative mortality amounted to 17 months with a median duration of 12 months. Five patients in this group (7%) survived for 5 years, and two patients are still alive without recurrence 9 and 6 years, respectively, after the operation. Among the 142 remaining patients, the postoperative mortality was 23%. The average survival with exclusion of the postoperative mortality was 5 months; the median duration of survival amounted to 4 months. The average duration of survival among the patients subjected to a gastro- or jejunostomy was shorter: 3 months, with a median of 2 months. Of the various palliative measures, resection is to be preferred. If it is not feasible, gastro-enterostomy and intubation may be considered. In a limited number of cases, the alimentary fistula may still be indicated, even though it is an unsatisfactory type of palliation. Hoerr's classification is satisfactory as a clinical subdivision. The dividing line between operations with curative and with palliative intent as a rule is put at B III. Of the patients treated palliatively, 92% had died after 2 years; 79% of those subjected to resection and 100% of those subjected to some other intervention. PMID- 59579 TI - [The cytobacteriological coloring substance BF (methylene blue and basic fuchsin)]. AB - The Authors have set up a cytobacteriological colouring matter for the reading of the figured elements of liquor, urine, exudats, and trasudats. The colouring solution is steady, it colours and fixes at the same time and is composed by blue methylene and basic fuchsine. There is abready a combination of both colouring matters in WAYSON'S formula for the bipolar colouring matter of the Pasteurella pestis and in PICK'S and Jacobson's formula to point out the intercellular neisserie. PMID- 59580 TI - Surgical management of carcinoma of the junction of the main hepatic ducts. AB - Twenty-six patients are reviewed who had primary carcinomas involving the junction of the hepatic ducts. The majority had had an initial procedure of palliative biliary diversion elsewhere and were referred for further treatment. In three cases, en bloc resection of the tumor with total hepatectomy and orthotopic liver transplantation were performed. All tumor growth was encompassed in each case, but within 4 months all succumbed as a result of allograft rejection. Auxiliary (heterotopic) liver transplantation was performed in another patient because of recurrent disease after previous left hepatic resection in continuity with a hilar duct lesion. Five patients underwent hepatic lobectomy with en bloc resection of the hepatic duct junction. When adequate tumor excision was not feasible, biliary diversion could provide good palliation in some instances for extended periods of time. This is demonstrated by one patient who lived for 4 years and 4 months after the initial operation. In the meantime, the patient underwent 6 subsequent procedures of dilating of constricted bile ducts and tube cannulation of the biliary tree. Biliary diversion was achieved in 4 cases by intrahepatic cholangiojejunostomy. One of these patients, who is on chemotherapy, is asymptomatic one year after surgery. PMID- 59582 TI - Creatine phosphokinase levels in children with severe developmental disturbances. AB - Serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels were studied in individuals: 40 psychotic children suffering from childhood autism, atypical personality development, and childhood schizophrenia; five children with childhood aphasia; 22 children with severe personality disorders; 29 normal children and normal siblings of psychotic children; and 14 normal parents of psychotic children. Creatine phosphokinase levels from the entire population of adults and children were normally disturbed, and the mean CPK levels for the eight diagnostic groups were within normal limits. Those 22 children with personality disorders had significantly higher CPK levels than the other diagnostic groups. This relatively higher level of CPK may be related to vulnerability to later development of schizophrenic spectrum disorders. There was no apparent relationship between CPK levels and motor activity, nor was there any change in the level of CPK during a trial of psychoactive medication. Creatine phosphokinase levels remained relatively stable on test-retest determination. PMID- 59581 TI - [Action of injected disopyramide on ventricular arrhythmias and atrioventricular conduction]. AB - The authors have studied the bathmotropic and dromotropic effects of intravenous injection of 100 mg of disopyramide, the therapeutic dose being 1 to 2 mg/kg. Out of the 28 severe arrhythmias studied, it was the ventricular extrasystoles which benefited most from treatment (79% completely successful, while there was a lesser degree of success in treating the ventricular tachycardias (35% completely successful, 30% partially successful). The negative dromotropic effect of injected disopyramide on sub-nodal conduction was studied by an endocavitary technique in 10 patients presenting with a spontaneous onset of disordered intracardiac conduction; the effects were moderate. With the exception of 4 cases who sustained complications involving rhythm and haemodynamics, the clinical and cardiovascular tolerance of patients to the drug appeared to be satisfactory. PMID- 59583 TI - Changes in the cells of the adenohypophysis associated with the diadromous migration of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. AB - The adenohypophysis of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, was studied light-microscopically to determine and estimate the cell types and their function. For these purposes, the adult specimens obtained during the period from migration to spawning were examined. Further, the juveniles caught in the spawning bed were subjected artificially to sea water. The rostral pars distalis (RPD) consists mainly of two types of cells: dorsally shifted lead hematoxylin (PbH)-positive cells bordering the neurohypophysis correspond to corticotrophs, and antero-ventrally shifted acidophil cells are identified as prolactin cells. The latter undergo marked hypertrophy and active state just at the time of entering the river (February), while no detectable change was seen in the former throughout anadromous migration. The role of prolactin on the osmoregulation in freshwater environment is thus suggested. The proximal pars distalis (PPD) consists mainly of two cell types: the basophil cells in round shape are regarded as the gonadotrophs and the acidophil cells in ellipsoid shape are considered to be somatotrophs. The size of the gonadotrophs reaches the maximum at the time of spawning. A few AF-positive cells of elongate shape occur in the dorsal region and are identified as thyrotrophs. In the pars intermedia (PI), two types of cells are discernible: PAS-positive and PAS-negative cells. The latter attained their maximal size in the earliest time of anadromous migration. PMID- 59584 TI - HLA typing. AB - I present an overview of HLA typing, a method of evaluating donor-recipient compatibility. The major histocompatibility system in man, the HLA region, considered to control the immunologic response to transplantation and perhaps to certain diseases, is discussed in relation to chromosomal location, chromosomal mapping, association with other markers, nomenclature of the gene products (the HLA antigens), inheritance of the HLA antigens, and methods of determining these antigens. Use of HLA typing is currently most applicable in the correlation of certain diseases with HLA antigen frequency, in evaluating donor-recipient pairs for renal and bone marrow transplantation and for transfusion of platelets and granulocytes and in paternity testing. PMID- 59585 TI - 'Acidophilic' pituitary tumors: a reappraisal with differential staining and immunocytochemical techniques. AB - The cells of pituitary adenomas classified as acidophilic on PAS-light green orange G staining could be further differentiated with the Brookes technique: they stained nonspecifically bluish-gray, orange with orange G, or red with carmoisine. On immunostaining for growth hormone and prolactin, the gray cells were either negative or reactive for prolactin, the orange cells contained growth hormone, and the red cells contained prolactin. Of 28 tumors, eight showed no immunostaining, 11 stained only for prolactin, three stained only for growth hormone, five contained mostly growth hormone cells and some prolactin cells, and one contained predominantly prolactin cells but also numerous growth hormone cells. Immunoreactive growth hormone granules in adenoma cells were usually arranged randomly; prolactin granules were often concentrated along one nuclear pole. This study emphasizes the tinctorial and immunocytochemical heterogeneity of "acidophilic" adenomas. PMID- 59586 TI - Letter: Method for studying myocardial ischemia and infarction. PMID- 59587 TI - Prostatectomy in an 85-year-old hemophiliac. AB - Improved factor VIII preparations have made major surgery feasible for hemophiliac patients, as well as increasing their survival. In a hemphoiliac undergoing prostatectomy, the effects of local or systemic fibrinolysis and possible disseminated intravascular coagulation must be considered, in addition to the factor VIII deficiency. We successfully treated an octogenarian with benign prostatic hypertrophy and mild hemophilia during and after suprapubic prostatectomy by infusions of antihemophilic factor (factor VIII) concentrate. Cessation of infusion on the 15th day resulted in bleeding two days later. This ceased after resumption of antihemophilic factor infusion. Tests for abnormal fibrinolysis and fibrin split products gave negative results. PMID- 59588 TI - [Modification of Bowie's method of demonstrating specific granules in cells of the human renal juxtaglomerular apparatus fixed in neutral formalin]. AB - A modification of Bowie's method for detection of specific granules of the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the human kidneys, fixed in 10% neutral formalin, is suggested. In order to achieve better staining, sections of material fixed in formalin are additionally treated with Helly's liquid and, following the removal of sublimate deposit, with a 2.5% solution of potassium bichromate. After this the sections are stained by Bowie's method in accordance with Pitcock and Hartroft's prescription. PMID- 59589 TI - [Possibility and means of demonstrating recapitulation in human pathology]. PMID- 59590 TI - Bilateral amyloidosis of the vitreous body: report of a case without systemic of familial involvement. AB - Amyloidosis of the vitreous body is an uncommon and often misdiagnosed condition that causes progressive visual loss. It is usually associated with primary familial systemic amyloidosis. The patient described in this report has amyloidosis of both vitreous bodies; her case is unusual because no other family members are affected and because there has been no evidence of systemic involvement over a seven-year observation period. After part of the vitreous body of her right eye was removed surgically, visual acuity improved from light perception to 20/60. New concepts regarding the nature, classification, and histochemical identification of amyloid are discussed. PMID- 59591 TI - Some observations of elastic tissue formation. PMID- 59592 TI - [Adams-Stokes syndrome in a case of Mobitz type II AV-block triggered by premature atrial contractions]. AB - The case of a patient with Mobitz type II AV-block is presented who suffered from recurrent dizzy spells and syncopal attacks. These episodes were due to intermittent asystoles lasting for 3-17 seconds, and it could be shown that they were triggered by two or more successive premature atrial contractions. The observation that there were no subsidiary escape beats or rhythms during the asystolic intervals and the ECG pattern for the conducted beats (RBBB and LAH) suggest an intraventricular (trifascicular) level of AV-block. The exact analysis of the asystolic pauses makes it likely that these were initiated by the penetration of the premature atrial impulses into the left posterior subdivision of the left bundle (concealed conduction). The present case demonstrates the fact that premature atrial contractions may produce prolonged asystolic attacks in patients with advanced intraventricular conduction disturbances. PMID- 59593 TI - Antigenic structures of Salmonella flagella. I. Presence of an antigenic determinant exposed at one end of flagellar fragments. AB - Salmonella flagellin, which is a constitutional subunit of the flagellum, was shown to have antigenic determinants distinct from its own serotypic ones. These antigenic determinants were found to be common to flagellins from the so-called g complex serotypes, such as fg, mt, gm, gt, gp and gmptu, but not to those from other serotypes, such as a, i or enx. Rabbits immunized with flagellin of serotype "fg" produced anti-"fg" flagellin antibodies. Only about 20 percent of these corresponded to the serotype determinants of the "fg" on the surface of the flagella, and the remaining 80 percent reacted with the flagellin of the unrelated serotype "mt", and corresponded to the distinct determinants common to the flagellin molecules. These antigenic determinants were detected by the immunoferritin technique at only one, not both, terminals of the flagellar fragments, suggesting that a unidirectional arrangement of flagellin subunits in the flagella may expose the inherent conformation of the subunits at only one end of the flagellum. PMID- 59594 TI - The mechanism of sensitivity to phleomycin in growing Escherichia coli cells. AB - Stationary-phase Escherichia coli B cells transferred to new growth medium are initially resistant to net DNA breakage by low concentrations of phleomycin, and become sensitive as DNA replication commences. From studies with inhibitors of various stages of the DNA replication cycle it is evident that it is not DNA synthesis itself that is required for induction of DNA breakage by phleomycin, but events associated with the initiation of DNA replication. Termination of replication in the absence of further initiaiton results in resistance to phleomycin. The cellular change responsible for changes in sensitivity to phleomycin could be the attachment of the bacterial chromosome to the cell membrane at initiation and detachment on termination of replication, suggesting an alteration in the balance between cellular DNA breakage and repair processes for membrane-associated compared with non-membrane-associated DNA. PMID- 59595 TI - Partial amino acid sequence of mouse beta2-microglobulin. PMID- 59596 TI - Myelin basic protein: a substance that releases immunoreactive growth hormone in vitro. PMID- 59597 TI - Steroid receptors in the human prostate. 2. Some properties of the estrophilic molecule of benign prostatic hypertrophy. PMID- 59598 TI - Effect of tRNA from 5-azacytidine-treated hamster fibrosarcoma cells on protein synthesis in vitro in a cell-free system. PMID- 59599 TI - Induction of particle-bound renin and arginine esterase by testosterone in the mouse. PMID- 59600 TI - Inhibition of denaturation of human gamma globulin by a mixture of L-histidine, L cystine, and copper, and its clinical implication in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A mixture of histidine, cystine, and copper mimicked gold thiomalate, N ethylmaleimide, and p-chloro-mercuribenzoic acid in inhibiting sulfhydryl disulfide interchange-mediated denaturation of human gamma globulin, bovine serum albumin, and diluted human serum. Measurable inhibitory effects were obtained with a mixture of physiologic concentrations of L-histidine, L-cystine, and copper. This work suggests a mechanism by which the hypohistidinemia of rheumatoid arthritis could contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 59602 TI - Antibodies to native and denatured collagens in sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A passive hemagglutination assay was used to detect antibodies to native human collagens and to collagen chains in the sera of 110 rheumatoid patients and those of 75 normal controls. The incidence and titer of anticollagen antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis are high, but in controls they are low or in most instances absent. No correlation was found between the stage of RA, or titers of rheumatoid factor, or ANA and the incidence and/or titers of antibody to any given type of collagen. PMID- 59601 TI - Rheumatoid factor (antigammaglobulin) in women: effects of oral contraceptives use of its prevalence. AB - A total of 14,856 women, including 921 pregnant subjects, were tested for rheumatoid factor; 4,562 were using oral contraceptives at the time of testing. The prevalence of rheumatoid factor increased directly with age. The age-adjusted prevalence of rheumatoid factor was lower in oral contraceptive users than in nonusers but this difference was not statistically significant. Rheumatoid factor remained positive in 39% of subjects undergoing retesting after an average interval of 16 months. Those women with higher titers of rheumatoid factor were more likely to remain positive (81%). Of the women having positive tests, 5.4% were identified as having rheumatoid disease. PMID- 59603 TI - [Linear- and Areal-analytical results of the karyometric studies on monolayer cultures and the influence of actinomycin (author's transl)]. AB - Actinomycin D (AMD) inhibits the RNA-synthesis by intercalating with the DNA helix. In monolayer culture of embryonic mouse brain cells in the 8th passage the cell nuclei were demonstrated with the Feulgen-reaction and quantitatively morphometrically evaluated following a 48 h intoxication with AMD (0.001; 0.01; 0.1 mug/ml). The mean value of nuclear area calculated from single measurements with the Quantimet 720 is significantly larger when compared to the controls at a dose of 0.01 mug AMD/ml. At 0.1 mug AMD/ml ca. 30% of the cell nuclei are pyknotic; the non-pyknotic nuclei are enlarged significantly by appr. 20%. The linear-analytic results using a Digiscan show no enlargement of tendon length, on the contrary, at 0.1 mug AMD/ml a significant diminution versus the controls can be seen. This resutls from the pyknotic cell nuclei which are also measured in this case no single measurements were carried out. The determination of cell density using a Digiscan shows a diminution of cell number by 19, 31 or 68% dependent upon AMD-concentration. PMID- 59604 TI - [Results of the use of a modification of the rapid Golgi method on the central nervous system of vertebrates]. PMID- 59605 TI - Purification and translation of an immunoglobulin lambda chain messenger RNA from mouse myeloma. AB - Here we describe the 500-fold purification of an mRNA encoding an immunoglobulin lambda light chain derived from the mouse myeloma tumor, RPC-20. Purification involves the isolation of membrane-bound polysomes, oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography, and sucrose gradient centrifugation under conditions favoring denaturation of polynucleotide complexes. The mRNA purified in this way directs the cell-free synthesis of a polypeptide which is five or six amino acids longer than the mature form of RPC-20 light chain. In addition to directing the synthesis of a precursor-like polypeptide, the mRNA migrates on electrophoresis as a band containing approximately 1150 nucleotides, about 500 more than required to encode the mature form of the light chain. PMID- 59606 TI - Conformational transitions of non-helical proteins effected by dodecyl sulfate. Circular dichroism of alpha1-acid glycoprotein, Bence Jones protein, carbonic anhydrase B, deoxyribonuclease, pepsinogen, and plasminogen. AB - Circular dichroism (CD) of serum alpha1-acid glycoprotein, urinary Bence Jones protein, human carbonic anhydrase B, deoxyribonuclease from bovine pancreas, porcine pepsinogen, and plasminogen from human serum was tested in the absence and presence of 0.005-0.05 M sodium dodecyl sulfate. It was found that in all cases the CD spectra of these proteins were modified by the dodecyl sulfate into spectra indicating the presence of a moderate content of alpha-helix. The transitions were enhanced by addition of acid (pH 2.1-4.4) in all cases tested. Comparison of the various proteins with respect to the amount of reconstruction of the main chain conformation showed that the amount of helix formed depended on the amino acid composition of the protein. Rigidity due to cross-linking by disulfide bridges is the strongest deterrant to the conformational change of the main chain. The CD bands of the native proteins in the 250-350 nm spectral zone were extinguished by sodium dodecyl sulfate, and new weak bands were observed the positions of which corresponded approximately to those of the native proteins. In all cases, except the carbonic anhydrase B, the bands of thus denatured proteins were negative. PMID- 59607 TI - A kinetic study of the inhibition of human and bovine trypsins and chymotrypsins by the inter-alpha-inhibitor from human plasma. AB - Human plasma inter-alpha-inhibitor forms 1:1 inactive complexes with human and bovine trypsins (EC 3.4.21.4) and chymotrypsins (EC 3.4.21.1). The association and dissociation rate constants as well as the equilibrium dissociation constants (Ki) of the complexes formed of inter-alpha-inhibitor and the four proteases have been measured. The most stable complexes are those formed with the bovine enzymes. For instance, Ki = 2.1-10-11 M for bovine trypsin whereas Ki = 1.2 - 10 8 M for human trypsin. Whatever the species, the complexes formed with the chymotrypsins are less stable than those formed with the trypsins. PMID- 59608 TI - [Study of the complex between porcine plasmin and alpha2-macroglobulin (author's transl)]. AB - Porcine plasmin (EC 3.4.21.7) is obtained from plasminogen activated by human urokinase. This enzyme can bind, in an equimolecular ratio, to an alpha2 macroglobulin isolated from porcine serum. The number of active sites of plasmin has been determined through a burst titration of nitroaniline during the presteady-state hydrolysis of an amide substrate (N-alpha-carbobenzoxy-L-arginine p-nitroanilide). The kinetic constants relative to a very sensitive ester substrate (N-alpha-carbobenzoxy-L-lysine nitrophenylester) hydrolysis have been measured. The binding of plasmin to alpha2-macroglobulin results in a complete inhibition of proteolytic activity, a reduction of active sites number and a decrease of esterolytic activity towards this substrate. In the complex, the residual activity (about 60%) is protected from protein inhibitors. Absorbance difference spectra show that 1 mol of alpha2-macroglobulin binds 1 mol of plasmin and 2 mol of trypsin. When plasmin is first bound to alpha2-macroglobulin, only 1 mol of trypsin can gain access tothe second site without removing the plasmin, showing that a steric hindrance is implicated in the inhibition performed by alpha2-macroglobulin binding. PMID- 59609 TI - Activation of fibroblast procollagenase by mast cell proteases. AB - Proteases capable of activating procollagenase from gingiva and from fibroblast and macrophage monolayer cultures were harvested from homogenates of canine tumor mast cells. The mast cell proteases lysed casein and Azocoll but not native collagen. In low salt concentrations the enzymes existed at high molecular weight complexes, which were dissociated by increasing the salt concentration above 1.0 M (NaCl, KCl). Gel filtration in 1.4 M KCl separated the protease activity into three peaks, all of which activated procollagenase. Two of the enzymes showed substrate specificities (hydrolysis of p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester and benzoyl-tyrosine ethyl ester) and reactive center reactivities similar to pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin. Based on gel filtration, apparent molecular weights of 160 000 (p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester esterase), 90 000 (main procollagenase activator) and 36 000 benzoyl-tyrosine ethyl ester esterase) were determined. Activation of procollagenase resulted in a 18-20 000 decrease of the molecular weight. The activation was directly related to the amount of activator added within certain limits. Further addition of activator resulted in proteolytic inactivation of collagenase. PMID- 59610 TI - Comparison of fungal glucose oxidases. Chemical, physicochemical and immunological studies. AB - Glucose oxidases (beta-D-glucose:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.4) from two fungal genera (Aspergillus and Penicillium) were studied chemically, physicochemically and immunologically to elucidate the similarities and dissimilarities between these enzymes. Investigation of circular dichroism spectra revealed that these enzymes proteins possess essentially identical conformations. However, differences found in thermal inactivation parameters, catalytic parameters and quantitative immunological reactivities indicate that these enzymes must have some minor but distinct variations in their structures. Interestingly, it was observed that the Penicillium enzyme cross-reacted with the antiserum against the Aspergillus enzyme with an association constant of two orders of magnitude lower than that of the Aspergillus enzyme, and that the precipitin one of the Penicillium enzyme fused together with that of the Aspergillus enzyme in the immunodouble diffusion test. These results lead to the conclusion that these enzymes are closely related but not completely identical, and suggest that they might have evolved from a common ancestral precursor. PMID- 59611 TI - Temperature-jump-induced release of hydrogen ions from chloroplasts and its relaxation characteristics in the presence of ionophores. AB - Temperature-jump-induced absorption changes of a bromocresol purple in chloroplast suspensions in the dark were studied. After a rapid rise in temperature (less than 10 mus), a slow absorbance decrease of bromocresol purple (t1/2 approximately 0.2 s) following a fast absorbance decrease of chloroplasts and bromocresol purple (t1/2 less than 1 ms) was observed. The slow absorbance decrease corresponds to acidification of the suspending medium, indicating H+ efflux from chloroplasts after the temperature jump. Nigericin and gramicidin D suppressed the slow absorbance change completely in the presence of 10 mM KC1, while valinomycin did not affect it. The fast absorbance change was not affected by the above ionophores. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea also diminished the slow absorbance change. PMID- 59612 TI - [Complexes between trypsin and rabbit desialylated alpha macroglobulins]. PMID- 59613 TI - [Autoantibodies to the common antigenic determinant of group A streptococcal polysaccharide and epithelial cells of mammalian thymus and skin]. AB - A cross-reactive (CR) antigenic determinant in the polysaccharide of group A streptococus and the mammalian thymus and skin was studied. The CR antigen was found in adult humans and human embryos irrespective of the blood group, as well as in the tissues of all the animal species studied, including rabbits immunized with streptococcus and producing antibodies to A polysaccharide. Evidence was obtained that the antibodies elaborated to the CR determinant of polysaccharide A and of the tissue epithelium should be classed as autoantibodies. It is suggested that reaction of these antobodies with the CR antigen in the thymus could serve as one of the causes of autoimmune thymitis during rheumatic fever. PMID- 59614 TI - Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in adults: correlations with Q-banded chromosomes. AB - Chromosome banding patterns were obtained for 50 of 55 consecutive adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia during a 5-yr period. Twenty-two of the 50 cases were diagnosed as acute myelocytic leukemia (AML), 24 as acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMol), 2 as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and 2 as erythroleukemia. Twenty-five patients had initial chromosome abnormalities during the course of the disease. The median survival of patients with normal chromosomes initially (group I) was 10 mo, whereas that of patients with abnormal chromosomes initially (group II) was 2 mo. Similar times were obtained for treated patients with AML and AMMol. However, when the AML patients were separated into those with and those without a chromosome abnormality, the median survival times were markedly different (2 mo versus 18 mo, respectively). Patients with AMMol demonstrated no difference in median survival times when subgrouped according to the presence or absence of chromosome abnormalities. The treated group II patients whose marrow samples had only abnormal metaphases had a poorer response (10% complete remission) and median survival (2 mo) than the group II patients who had at least one normal metaphase (42% complete remission with a median survival of 9 mo). The two cases of APL demonstrated a deletion of the long arm of No. 17 which occurred in the same region of the chromosome in each case. Both patients had similar clinical histories, with disseminated intravascular coagulation, and neither responded to therapy. PMID- 59615 TI - Serum trypsin binding activity in patients with pancreatic diseases. PMID- 59617 TI - Raised alpha-fetoprotein levels associated with minor congenital defect. PMID- 59618 TI - Origins of olfactory bulb centrifugal fibres in the cat. PMID- 59616 TI - Screening for spina bifida cystica. A cost-benefit analysis. AB - The costs and economic benefits are examined of introducing a programme for the mass-screening of pregnancies for the detection and abortion of fetuses with spina bifida cystica. A benefit-cost index is derived, and the possible effects on it of making different input assumptions are discussed. It is considered that, on economic grounds, screening may be worthwhile only in populations in which the incidence of spina bifida is high. PMID- 59619 TI - A Procion yellow study of cultured Purkinje cells. PMID- 59620 TI - Bidirectional movement of label and transneuronal transport phenomena after injedtion of [3H]adenosine into the central nervous system. PMID- 59621 TI - C- and G-bands of the opossum chromosomes: terminal sequences of DNA replication. AB - The sex chromosomes of the opossum, Didelphys virginiana, are the only elements that exhibit C-banding. In contrast, the sex chromosomes as well as the autosomes bear specific G-Bands. However, unlike other mammalian species different types of G-banding are observed if the chromosomes are pretreated with trypsin and SSC solution The SSC-pretreated chromosomes show discrete bands only when stained with Giemsa at certain pH values. An asynchronous pattern of terminal DNA replication is observed among the three C-banding regions of the X-chromosome. The inter- and intrapositive G-banding areas of the chromosomes are not always late in DNA replication in comparison to those negatively stained G-banding areas. PMID- 59622 TI - Additional observations on the preparation of R banded human chromosomes with acridine orange. AB - A number of technical factors which affect acridine orange R banding (RFA banding) were studied. These variables included age of slide, timing of fixation, details of incubation mounting and the use of sequential technics. Optimal RFA banding was obtained between 15 and 20 days but good or very good preparations were obtained between 7 days and 2 months. Improved results were obtained in slides that were 3-4 months old by refixing the slides in ethanol acetic acid. Intermittent movement of slides during incubation in buffer as well as the details of mounting and removal of cover slips were found to be important. The best sequential banding was obtained with the sequence of Q to R but good results were obtained with the sequence G to R using ASG banding. Satisfactory results with the sequence R to C were not obtained. With careful attention to these variables good RFA binding can be obtained over a period of several months. PMID- 59623 TI - Unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and its management by combined bleomycin and radiotherapy. A clinical study of the enhanced results. AB - The interaction between the antibiotic bleomycin and x-radiation has been studied in vitro and in vivo. Tissue culture results appear to reflect in vivo sensitivities correctly. Simultaneous exposure to bleomycin and gamma radiation enhances killing of both sensitive and resistant lines. Data from a pilot study combining bleomycin with conventional radiation for unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the lung suggest that the simultaneous administration of bleomycin (10 mg/m2 intravenously twice weekly) with short-course radiation treatment is well tolerated and without dangerous pulmonary complications. Tumor response was greater in the combined-therapy group (46%) than in radiation-only controls (26%); median survivals were 13 and 6 months, respectively. Unlike previously published data, responders appeared to have a significant survival advantage over nonreponders, suggesting that bleomycin may be slightly effective in inhibiting the development of systemic metastasis, and that it positively enhanced local control of primary disease. PMID- 59624 TI - De novo Kaposi's sarcoma in renal transplantation. Case report and brief review. AB - This report describes a de novo development of Kaposi's sarcoma in a Puerto Rician man 9 months after a cadaveric renal transplant. Progression of the disease was observed despite local irradiation, while the patient remained immunosuppressed with prednisone and azathioprine. This was accompanied by depressed immunologic tests. Discontinuation of azathioprine and addition of chemotherapy (bleomycin and vincristine), while continuing prednisone to maintain functional survival of renal allograft, has led in this patient to regression of extensive cutaneous and suspected pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma lesions. The possible importance of a depressed immunosurveillance mechanism and activation of latent oncogenic virus by the presence of an allograft in the de novo appearance of Kaposi's sarcoma in transplant recipients is briefly discussed. PMID- 59625 TI - An approach to the serodiagnosis of human lung cancer. Cell culture lines reactive as antigens with tumor patients' sera. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay technique was used to quantitate antigen-antibody reactions between various human cell lines and lung cancer patients' sera. Four human fetal lung cell lines and four human tumor cell lines were more or less reactive as antigens. Failure to obtain exact correspondence between reactions with these cell lines indicates that more than one antigen may be required for detecting specific antibodies to the various lung tumor types. These results suggest that serum antibody detection might be a feasible approach to the immunodiagnosis of lung cancer at stages when the tumor masses are relatively small. PMID- 59626 TI - Radioimmunoassay of serum alpha-fetoprotein in patients with different maliganant tumors. AB - The level of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was estimated by radioimmunoassay in 153 normal healthy Malysians of different ethnic groups. The mean level was 7.5 In1/ml (SD 2.28InU/ml). Among 330 patients with malignant tumors, 11 had increased levels of AFP. The only patient who had hepatoma had a very high level of serum AFP. High levels were also found in three of four patients with dysgerminoma of the ovary, in the only two patients with carcinoma of the testis, and in one patient with secondary carcinoma of the humerus of unknown origin. Lower, but significantly increased levels were observed in one patient (of 48) with breast carcinoma, one patient (of 8) with basal cell carcinoma of the nose, one patient (0f 27) with carcinoma of the lung, and one patient (of 59) with nasopharynegeal carcinoma. PMID- 59627 TI - A comparative clinical trial of 5-azacytidine and guanazole in previously treated adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - Adults with previously treated acute nonlymphocytic leukemia received either 5 azacytidine or guanazole in a randomized study. Eighteen patients were treated with 5-azacytidine at a dosage of 200-250 mg/m2/day X 5 intravenously (i.v.) and six achieved a remission (five complete). The median duration of complete remission was 100 days. Among the 12 patients who received guanazole, at a dosage of 25-30 g/m2/day X 5 by continuous i.v. infusion, only one partial remission ensued. Pm 600 WBC/mm3) than nonresponders (median 1700 WBC/mm3). Both the time taken to reach the nadir white blood coung (median, 14 days) and theduration of the nadir (median, 17 days) were long after each course of 5-azacytidine, particularly for those patients who achieved a remission. Principal toxicities seen after 5-azacytidine administration were gastrointestinal tolerance, fever, and neuromuscular toxicity. Fever was the principal toxicity observed after guanazole therapy; one patient developed erythema nodosum with arthralgias and another, recurrent pulmonary infiltrates. Survival from the start of therapy was clearly longer for the patients receiving 5-azacytidine (median 140 days) because of the prolongation of survival seen in the responding patients (median 266 + days). 5-Azacytidine has significant activity as an induction agent in adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, but guanazole does not appear to be of particular value for patients with this disease. PMID- 59628 TI - Phase II evaluation of bleomycin. A Southwest oncology Group study. AB - Bleomycin given intravenously (i.v.) or intramuscularly (i.m.) in twice-weekly doses of 10 mg/m2 was evaluated for efficacy and toxicity in 382 patients. Responses were observed in 11/27 Hodgkin's diseases, 10/30 lymphomas, 9/22 squamous cell cancers of ectodermal origin, 12/26 germinal cancers, and 3/8 renal adenocarcinomas. The i.m. route is less likely to casue pulmonary toxicity or hypotension than the i.v. route. Advanced age and total doses exceeding 200 mg were associated with a higher risk of lung toxicity. All responders had shown at least improvement upon receiving 200 mg; higher total doses should be used only in responding patients. PMID- 59629 TI - Early myocardial ischaemia: evaluation of the histochemical haematoxylin-basic fuchsin-picric acid (HBFP) staining technique. AB - A series of experiments, carried out to evaluate the histochemical method for the morphological diagnosis of early stages of myocardial ischaemis (HBFP) is reported. The experiments were performed on dog hearts in which ischaemia was induced by coronary artery ligation for different periods of time. The original procedure or modifications of the HBFP-technique, including different staining, rinsing, and differentiation times, the use of different commercial brands of chemicals and preparatory changes of routine histological procedures such as fixation, embedding, cutting, and mounting, did not give satisfactory results. False positive and negative staining was frequent. Very equivocal results were obtained on serial sections of ischaemic tissue samples. Therefore this method was regarded as unreliable and non-reproducible. PMID- 59630 TI - Microtubular number in the tractus hypophyseus of newborn normal rats and newborn rats with congenital diabetes insipidus. AB - Evidence has already been adduced suggesting that an increase in microtubular number occurs in the tractus hypophyseus of rats stressed by the administration of hypertonic saline, and of rats with congenital diabetes insipidus (CDI). Since the tractus hypophyseus in these animals shows high secretory activity, it seems likely that the microtubular increase reflects the participation of microtubules in axoplasmic transport. To exclude, however, a congenital microtubular abnormality in CDI, affected newborn rats were examined. In these, the microtubular number was normal, thus suggesting that the increase in microtubular number seen in adult animals was not a congenital morphological abnormality. However, by 4 days of age there was a slight but statistically significant increase in microtubular number in affected rats, a change probably attributable to increased secretory activity. PMID- 59632 TI - Effect of Fv-1 gene product on synthesis of N-tropic and B-tropic murine leukemia viral RNA. AB - The production of virus and the synthesis of virus-specific RNA has been studied in Fv-1n/n (NIH/3T3, SIM) and Fv-1b/b (BALB/3T3, SIM-R) cell lines after infection with N- or B-tropic MuLV. It was found that virus production, measured by reverse transcriptase activity in the medium, was 70-100 fold lower in cells resistant at the Fv-1 locus than in permissive cells. The virus-specific RNA, detected by hybridization. In RNA excess with complementary DNA, was reduced by approximately 70-100 fold in cytoplasm of resistant cells compared to permissive cells. A reduction of the same magnitude was observed in the levels of virus specific RNA extracted from nuclei of resistant cells. Our data therefore show that virus-specific RNA levels are reduced in cells nonpermissive at the Fv-1 locus, suggesting that restriction of the Fv-1 gene product occurs at the level of transcription of the viral genome or at a pre-integration step, or, alternatively, that the RNA transcripts are rapidly degraded after their synthesis. PMID- 59631 TI - Colchicine effects on neurosecretory neurons and other hypothalamic and hypophysial cells, with special reference to changes in the cytoplasmic membranes. AB - The morphological effects of colchicine on the entire neurosecretory (NS) tract and on various hypothalamic nuclei have been studied. The perturbations in axonal flow, indicated by the accumulation of NS material, coincide with fragmentation of the cytoplasmic membranes, i.e. the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the neurotubules remain relatively well preserved. Autophagic destruction of NS material is observed along the entire length of the NS fibres. The rapid and systematic changes in the axoplasmic reticulum, known to store calcium, lead us to envisage a role for this system-similar to that of the sarcoplasmic reticulum-in controlling the transport of NS vesicles. The junctional zone between the stalk and the neural lobe seems to play a particular role in the transport of NS material to the posthypophysial terminals of the NS axons. Colchicine provokes an increase in dense-cored vesicles in most of the neurons of the other hypothalamic nuclei studied: arcuate, suprachiasmatic, periventricular and ventromedial. Membranous alterations are also observed in these sites. Colchicine administered to animals which were hypothyroid, castrated or adrenalectomized, reveals stimulated neurons, identified by their excessive content of dense-cored vesicles. These neurons display no specific localization, for they occur in all hypothalamic nuclei, irrespective of the stimulation. The frequency of stimulation of neurons of the periventricular nucleus is striking. PMID- 59633 TI - Message and non-message sequences adjacent to poly(A) in steady state heterogeneous nuclear RNA of HeLa cells. AB - Highly purified steady state heterogeneous nuclear RNA from HeLa cells has been prepared by a new procedure. Detergent-washed nuclei are disrupted in 0.4 M ammonium sulfate, which also disociated contamination polysomes. The hnRNA remains bound to chromatin, which can be pelleted by gentle centrifugation. Ribonuclease inhibitors permit the preparation of very high molecular weight nuclear RNA. The hnRNA was cleaved with alkali. The poly(A)-containing fragments were separated from those containing oligo(A), and a cDNA copy was prepared. Hybridization of this nuclear cDNA to cytoplasmic mRNA showed that the scarce (complex) message sequences make up a larger proportion of nuclear RNA than of cytoplasmic RNA. In addition, at least 30% of the poly(A)-adjacent sequences in nuclear RNA have no apparent counterparts in the cytoplasm. cDNA prepared from hnRNA sedimenting faster than 45S under denaturing conditions gives similar results, showing the presence of both message and non-message sequences in very large transcripts. cDNA complementary to mRNA was separated into the abundant and scarce sequences, and hybridized separately to the poly(A)-adjacent sequences in nuclear RNA. The hybridization of the abundant sequence cDNA was used to set an upper limit on possible cytoplasmic contamination. Hybridization of the scarce cytoplasmic sequences are represented in nuclear RNA approximately once per cell. PMID- 59635 TI - Migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and proliferative responses by human lymphocyte subpopulations separated by sheep erythrocyte rosette formation. PMID- 59634 TI - Regulation of immune responses. I. Effects of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP on immune induction. PMID- 59636 TI - Eosinophils and immune mechanisms. IV. Culture conditions, antigen requirements, production kinetics and immunologic specificity of the lymphokine eosinophil stimulation promoter. PMID- 59637 TI - [Immunology of breast neoplasms]. PMID- 59638 TI - Right ventricular volume characteristics before and after palliative and reparative operation in tetralogy of Fallot. AB - Right heart volume data were obtained in 63 patients with tetralogy of Fallot. The patients were divided into three groups: 1) preoperative tetralogy (N=34); 2) post shunt procedure (N=14); 3A) post repair without outflow patch (N=10); 3B) post repair with an outflow patch (N=8). In Group 1 right ventricular end diastolic volume (RVEDV), RV ejection fraction (EF), and RV systolic output (SO) were all mildly depressed. In post shunt patients, RVEDV was normal but RVEF remained depressed. RVEDV and RVSO increased following a shunt procedure, and these variables were larger in patients with a large versus a small shunt. In Group 3A RVEDV, RVEF, and RVSO were normal. In contrast in patients in Group 3B, RVEDV was increased averaging 177 +/- 15% of normal RVEF was depressed averaging 0.45 +/- 0.04, and RVSO was normal. RV size and pump function are abnormal in patients whose operation requires an outflow tract patch and the factors which may contribute to these abnormalities include a higher RV peak pressure, pulmonary incompetence, and a larger noncontractile outflow tract. Longitudinal studies relating these variables to clinical performance and exercise testing will be important in assessment of the importance of these abnormalities. PMID- 59639 TI - Lymphocyte sensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in pulmonary diseases in man. AB - In vitro studies of T-lymphocyte responses using five different batches of Aspergillus fumigatus antigens, were undertaken in twelve patients with A. fumigatus related lung disease and in three normal controls. Using a leucocyte migration method, five of the twelve patients showed significant inhibition of leucocyte migration with a migration index of 0-80 or less to A. fumigatus, but in only three was this demonstrated with more than one batch of antigen (one patient with aspergilloma and two with bronchopulmonary aspergillosis). The same antigens were used in lymphocyte transformation tests. Only two patients, one with aspergilloma and one with bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, showed clearly significant transformation although there were several borderline results. Only three patients had evidence of delayed skin responses to A. fumigatus antigens in vivo, one with aspergilloma, one with bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and one with atypical bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Two of these three patients also had one or more positive in vitro test results. Thus T-lymphocyte sensitization to A. fumigatus as demonstrated by these in vitro methods, although present in occasional patients, was not clearly related to any one particular clinical syndrome in this small group of patients with aspergillus related pulmonary disease. There was, however, one of the three aspergilloma patients with positive lymphocyte transformation to all five batches of antigens and having higher transformation indices than in any other patient. This suggest that lymphocyte studies should be extended in this group. In contrast to the frequent negative results using A. fumigatus antigens, evidence of T-lymphocyte sensitization to either Candida albicans or Mycobacterium tuberculosis or both, was shown by positive delayed hypersensitivity skin responses and in vitro inhibition of leucocyte migration in the majority of the patients, despite which lymphocyte transformation was often negative. The possibility of impaired capacity to transform is supported by the finding of an impaired response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in four of the twelve cases. This information, together with other data discussed, helps to complete the contrasting immunological profiles seen in different Aspergillus fumigatus related lung diseases. PMID- 59640 TI - Comparison of the allergenic properties of bee venom and whole bee body extract. AB - The allergenic properties of bee venom and whole bee body extract were compared by in vivo and in vitro tests. The majority of patients with known bee sting sensitivity had positive intracutaneous skin test reactions with bee venom and had bee venom specific IgE in their sera. Of seventeen patients with ppsitive bee venom skin tests, nine had positive tests with whole bee body extract. Of thirty sera containing elevated levels of bee venom specific IgE obtained from untreated patients, fourteen sera contained whole body specific IgE but in much lower titres. In RAST inhibition experiments using both bee venom and whole bee body extract as coupling antigens, bee venom was a more potent inhibiting antigen than whole body extract. From these experiments we conclude that bee venom is a more potent allergen than whole bee body extract. PMID- 59641 TI - Biochemical and immunochemical markers associated with cancer. PMID- 59642 TI - Purification of alpha1-fetoprotein. AB - Previously published methods for purifying alpha1-fetoprotein are inadequate because they either do not yield a completely pure product or they cause some denaturation. We present a method that does not have these serious disadvantages, and with which alpha1-fetoprotein was purified by sequential use of concanvalin A affinity-chromatography, preparative gel-electrophoresis, and immunoabsorption with anti-albumin antibody covalently coupled to Sepharose 4B. The purity of the product was monitored by discontinuous polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and counterimmunoelectrophoresis, both of which must be used to ascertain what proteins are present at each step of the purification. PMID- 59643 TI - Binding of 3,5-diiodotyrosine to serum proteins. AB - The reversible binding of 3,5-diiodotyrosine (DIT) to human and bovine serum protein and to purified human serum prealbumin and human and bovine albumin has been studied by equilibrium dialysis. Maximum binding occurred at pH 8.6-9.0. Human serum bound DIT less than did bovine serum. Adult ox and fetal calf sera showed similar binding. The main DIT-binding protein of human serum was prealbumin. It showed a single affinity site with a Ka of 0.85 X 10(6) M-1 at pH 8.6 and 0.40 X 10(6) M-1 at pH 7.4. The affinity constant of serum albumin for DIT was 2.8 X 10(3) M-1 at pH 8.6. The elevated binding of DIT to bovine serum is essentially due to albumin whose affinity constant for DIT is 16-times higher than that of human serum albumin. Fetuin was not responsible for any noticeable DIT binding in fetal calf serum. PMID- 59644 TI - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay for human beta2-microglobulin. AB - A simple and relatively rapid as well as highly reproducible determination of beta2-microglobulin is described for general laboratory use. The method is based on a solid-phase radioimmunoassay paper discs as a solid-phase material. The assayable range is approximately in the range of 2 ng to 20 mug of beta2 microglobulin with a precision of approx. 5 percent. This assay requiring only 0.05 ml of urine can be completed within 20 h. Urine in cadmium-exposed workers and residents in cadmium-polluted districts including patients with itai-itai disease were examined and considerable amounts of beta2-microglobulin were observed in these urines. PMID- 59645 TI - Prolactin, growth hormone and alpha-fetoprotein in children with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 59646 TI - Liver reaction to tissue injury: do therapeutic measures trigger the acute phase reaction? AB - In 30 healthy people we investigated the hypothesis that therapeutic measures trigger the acute phase reaction. In order of severity we analyzed: (1) the effects of an intramuscular injection of 2.5 ml 0.14 molar NaCl (6 patients), (2) the effects of an indwelling venous catheter for 24 h (7 patients), and for 72 h (8 patients), (3) the effects of cardiac catheterization (arterial and venous catheterization) carried out in 9 patients. In clinical investigations of the acute phase reaction, an intramuscular injection and a 24- or 72-h indwelling catheter, brought in by venipuncture, are acceptable because they do not provoke an acute phase reaction. A venous cutdown associated with an arterial puncture is not acceptable because this injury evokes a positive acute phase reaction. This was also observed in two patients who developed phlebitis during a 24-h indwelling venous catheter. Only a positive acute phase reaction was found, not a negative one. PMID- 59647 TI - A simple method for the quantitation of amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein throughout pregnancy. PMID- 59648 TI - Aspects of the secondary antibody response to ox insulin in the Hartley guinea pig; the use of chemically modified ox insulin to delineate the antigenic determinants of ox insulin. AB - The use of a quinea-pig model to study the immunogenicity of the insulin molecule is presented. The Hartley guinea-pig has been shown consistently to form antibody to ox insulin, when given in a water-in-oil emulsion containing pertussis vaccine as adjuvant. After log transformation of standardized antibody titres to iodo-ox insulin, a valid statistical comparison of the antibody response to different ox insulin preparations could be made. Antibody cross-reacting with ox insulin, but not iodo-ox insulin, was also detected. The quantity of one type of antibody was complementary to the other, an observation compatible with determinant competition having occurred during the immune response. From the results of cross reactivity experiments using N-triacylated ox insulins and human insulin, it was shown that antibody cross-reacting with iodo-ox insulin had most probably been produced to a localized area of the molecule. PMID- 59649 TI - A direct macrophage migration inhibition test applied in man. AB - A direct macrophage migration test is described, which proved to be useful for the detection of cellular hypersensitivity in man. We used a modification of the method described by Hughes & Paty (1972). In this method the MLR is abolished by 100 rad gamma-irradiation of the peritoneal exudate cells prior to pooling with human lymphocytes. Experiments with various intensity of irradiation, PPD, muscle antigen and encephalitogenic factor were performed to check this method. In a pilot study lymphocytes of patients with diseases of the central or peripheral nervous system or of muscle were tested. This proved that a hypersensitivity of Ef was present in various diseases of the CNS, while in muscle diseases positive tests were found using muscle antigen. PMID- 59650 TI - Membrane characteristics of established human T- and B-cell lines. Cross reactivity of human T-antigenic determinants with peripheral lymphocytes of non human primates and the presence of MLC antigens on cultured T-cell lines. AB - Human T-cell lines (MOLT-4 and SOMMER-T) were injected into rabbits and monkeys (stumptail and squirrel monkeys). Rabbit anti-MOLT serum was absorbed with human liver and cultured B cells. Absorbed anti-MOLT serum was cytotoxic to lymphocytes of baboons and stumptail monkeys. Rabbit anti-MOLT and SOMMER-T sera after absorption with liver and B cell showed florescent ring formation in baboon and stumptail lymphocytes by using immunoflurescence techniques. On the other hand, antisera against MOLT and SOMMER-T cells in stumptail and squirrel monkeys were not only cytotoxic to MOLT and SOMMER-T cells, but also to other T-cell lines, CCRF-CEM and CCRF-HSB-2 cells. Cultured B-cell lines stimulated allogeneic and xenogeneic (rabbit and monkeys) lymphocytes far better than cultured T-cells lines did. T-cell lines, CCRF-HSB-2 and SOMMER-T (number 8402), gave small but significant stimulation to allogenic lymphocytes especially in the presence of foetal calf serum. MOLT-4B failed to stimulatie allogeneic lymphocytes. When lymphocytes of non-human primates and rabbit were cultured with human B- and T cell lines in the presence of foetal calf serum, CCRF-HSB-2 and SOMMER-T cells stimulated xenogeneic lymphocytes of rabbit, squirrel monkey and stumptail monkey. MOLT-4 cells stimulated lymphocytes of baboon to some extent. These results indicate that although cultured B-cell lines had more mixed lyphocyte reaction (MLR) stimulating structure than T-cell lines, the latter still maintained some stimulating structure on the membrances. PMID- 59651 TI - Effect of vagotomy on anaphylaxis in the rat. AB - Vagatomy or atropinization protects rats from lethal anaphylaxis and histamine shock. These procedures do not significantly affect production of anaphylactic antibodies or release of histamine following induction of anaphylaxis. The response of the intestinal microvasculature during anaphylaxis is observed to consist of an early brief increase permeability followed by prolonged and irreversible damage. Cholinergic blockade abolishes the latter and markedly reduces deposition of colloidal carbon and immune complexes in the vessel. The possible relevance of these observations to development of chronic immunological vascular disease is discussed. PMID- 59652 TI - Determinant competition during the immune response to N-acyl derivatives of ox insulin in the Hartley guinea-pig. AB - Subgroups of female Hartley guinea-pigs were immunized with N-carbamylated ox insulin, N-maleylated ox insulin, N-phthaloylated ox insulin, or with the crystalline ox insulin from which the N-acylated insulins had been prepared. The immunogens were administered in water-in-oil emulsions containing pertussis vaccine as adjuvant. Sera obtained 20 days after secondary immunization were assayed for their antibody titres to iodo-ox insulin and their insulin-binding capacities. The data were log transformed for statistical comparison. N carbamylated ox insulin seemed to be as immunogenic as crystalline ox insulin and no specific carbamyl hapten antibody could be found. N-maleylated and N phthaloylated ox insulins yelded significantly less antibody cross-reactingwith iodo-ox insulin, but produced a complementary quantity of specific maleyl and phthaloyl hapten antibody respectively. Thus it was shown that in the system used the immune response was partitioned between different determinants, ox insulin and its N-acylated derivatives being equipotent immunogens. PMID- 59653 TI - E rosette formation in the presence of alpha-fetprotein and ferritin. PMID- 59654 TI - The disappearance of enzyme-inhibitor complexes from the circulation of man. AB - 1. Complexes of human trypsin and human granulocyte elastase with alpha1-anti trypsin and alpha2-macroglobulin were isolated and injected intravenously into human volunteers. 2. The elimination of alpha2-macroglobulin complexes with trypsin and elastase followed single-exponential functions with half-lives of 9 and 12 min respectively. The complexes showed no tendency to dissociate. 3. Complexes of alpha1-anti-trypsin with trypsin persisted in the circulation much longer, with a half-life of 3-5 h; complexes of alpha1-anti-trypsin with elastase had an intermediate half-life of 1 h. 4. Dissociation was observed of alpha1-anti trypsin complexes with transfer of trypsin and elastase to alpha2-macroglobulin. 5. Dialysable radioactivity appeared in the urine soon after the injection of alpha2-macroglobulin complexes, which suggested a breakdown of complexes by cells in the reticuloendothelial system. Radioactivity over the liver achieved maximum values within 30-40 min after the injection of alpha2-macroglobulin complexes but not until 50-70 min after the injection of alpha1-anti-trypsin comlexes. 6. These results support the concept of a key position for alpha2-macroglobulin in the protective mechanisms against endogenous proteases. PMID- 59655 TI - A guide to the synaptic analysis of the neuropil. AB - A morphological analysis of the organization of the gray matter in the central nervous system depends on the discovery of consistent repetitive patterns. Without these, the gray matter remains a chaotic jungle. An hypothesis derived from the study of a few simple regions has been developed to serve as a guide in finding these patterns. It states that all nerve fibers and terminals arising from a particular group of nerve cells, or, more precisely, a particular nerve cell type, display similar axoplasmic configurations despite variations in size and shape of the terminations. This hypothesis is reminiscent of the so-called Dale's principle that a nerve cell makes use of the same transmitter at all of its branches or terminations. These apparent rules of uniformity or congruity merely reflect the functional integrity of the nerve cell and the role of its parts in the nervous system. But as an hypothesis, it needs to be tested, and it needs to be tested anew in each region, since exceptions to the assumed rule can be expected. It is therefore proposed as the first working hypothesis in each new region. If it should prove to be true in general, it will facilitate and rationalize the analysis of the gray matter, as it has already done in the cerebellar cortex and the deep cerebellar nuclei. If it should prove to be false in a few regions, the analysis will become more difficult, and additional modes of marking nerve endings will have to be used. Experimental methods for identifying nerve terminals can be translated from the light microscopic to the electron microscopic level, but there are significant drawbacks at both levels: lack of precision, destruction of fibers of passage, and rapid evolution of the degenerative process may greatly restrict their usefulness. Labeling with tritiated amino acids or transmitters, or with horseradish peroxidase, provide new methods for tracing interneuronal connections at the electron microscopic level. These have the advantages of high specificity, nondestructiveness and a physiological mode of selective marking. However, they do not offer a solution to the problem of short-range connections. For these, careful reconstructions of serial sections may prove necessary, as Sjostrand (1974) has demonstrated in a remarkable paper on the retina. The aim of all these methods is to discover patterns of synaptic connectivity in order to map the cellular organization of the nervous system. In the foregoing, nothing was said about synapses other than those articulating axons with somata or dendrites and their appendages. Clearly the same principles of recognition apply to axo-axonal and dendro-dendritic synapses. Although the synapses that have been considered here are chemical synapses, the same questions regarding the identity of the partners in electrotonic junctions must be asked as well. PMID- 59656 TI - Modulation of transmitter release by calcium ions and nerve impulses. PMID- 59657 TI - Axonal transport of vesicles carrying (3H)serotonin in the metacerebral neuron of Aplysia californica. AB - The axon of each unipolar metacerebral neuron bifurcates into two large branches within the cerebral ganglion quite close to the cell body, and each branch exists from the ganglion in a separate nerve, either the lip nerve or the cerebrobuccal connective. Because the serotonergic vesicle appears to be more stable to isolation than the cholinergic vesicle and because serotonin, like other transmitter molecules with primary amino groups, can be fixed into tissue with aldehyde fixatives, we were able to show that serotonergic vesicles, originating from the cell body, are transported in both branches of the axon by fast axonal transport. We also described some experiments suggesting that the membranes of the serotonergic vesicles being transported were newly synthesized in the cell body and contained vesicle-specific glycoproteins. This is important because it permits us to estimate the degree of the neurons' biosynthetic activity involved in the formation of these vesicles. Finally, we took advantage of the axon geometry of the metacerebral cell to perturb the dynamics of the transport system. Cutting one branch abruptly increases the number of vesicles traveling along the uncut axon. Using this manipulation, we found that when twice the amount was being transported in the uncut nerve, [3H]serotonin was distributed more distally, suggesting that on the average, vesicles were displaced twice as far per unit time. We therefore proposed a mechanism for axonal transport which involves the binding of vesicles to stable tracks as a rate-limiting step. When attached, vesicles move at a constant, fast rate. PMID- 59658 TI - Fibrinolysis and antithrombin in acute leukaemia. PMID- 59659 TI - [3 Types of DNA polymerase in Zajdela ascites hepatoma cells]. PMID- 59660 TI - [Kinetics of heat denaturation of whole plasma, erythrocytes and their component proteins]. PMID- 59662 TI - [Demonstration of mycoplasma by direct fluorochromation with acridine derivatives (author's transl)]. AB - Vital fluorochromation of mycoplasmas can be obtained with acridine derivatives. Stained with acridine-orange und 9-aminoacridine chloride-1-hydrate mycoplasmas appear as yellow (green) fluorescing homogeneous spots or discs under the fluorescence microscope, the exact appearance depending on the concentration of the fluorochrome and the absorption by nucleic acids. Non-specific supplements and undermixed bacteria have significantly different fluorescence. Depending on the metachromasia of acridine-orange and on double-fluorescing with acridine orange and 9-aminoacridine chloride-1-hydrate, the bacterial cell wall is green, the protoplasma red. The method is suitable as a screening test for mycoplasma. PMID- 59661 TI - [Post-MOPP chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)]. AB - In 18 patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease, refractory to previous 'C-MOPP' treatment, a new therapeutic protocol of adriamycin, DTIC, CCNU and bleomycin was introduced. Three patients who had previously failed to respond to any other chemotherapy failed also to respond to the new one. But two complete and 11 partial remissions were obtained in the other 15 patients who had previously responded to C-MOPP before becoming refractory to it. Two patients had further progression of the disease during the new treatment. PMID- 59663 TI - [Reproducibility of plaque formation in the dento-gingival region (I)]. PMID- 59664 TI - [Comparative studies on the teaching of oral pathology]. AB - This is a self-assessment of teaching effectiveness for teacher, students and teaching-material as well. A curriculum of oral patholology was created and prepared as syllabus, lectures and audiovisual aids. In order to estimate and compare the eductional achievements of different systems, a series of written multiple choice questions were prepared. Only items with an index of discrimination of more than 0,25 were used. The average index was 0,5. The results of a short-term experimetn (1 hour) shows that a teaching sequence in the conventional lecture style was most effective in transmitting knowledge (72% of maximum), audiovisual aids rating second (63%), followed by individual homework study using printed material (48%). The differences were statistically significant in most experiments. In the second type of experiment (long-term experiment) we registered the time the students spent with lectures over a period of six months. When permitted to chose between the different systems the students preferred the audiovisual method to the lectures. Individual testing of these students shows a positive correlation between knowledge acquired and time spent with the audiovisual machines. PMID- 59665 TI - Serum alpha1-fetoprotein in cystic fibrosis. AB - In 38 children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis, in 19 normal children and 62 healthy adults the serum alpha1-fetoprotein concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. In cystic fibrosis patients 97.5% and in normal children 95% of the alpha1-fetoprotein values were within the normal range for healthy adults (1- 9 ng/ml). Critical judgement of the reported findings in literature and our own results demonstrate that the investigation of alpha1-fetoprotein in the serum cannot serve for detecting homozygotes of cystic fibrosis genes or heterozygote carriers. PMID- 59666 TI - Cystic fibrosis: normal volumes of red cells. Model experiments on the pathomechanism of the disease. AB - Normal values of mean cell volume (M.C.V.) and of distribution of single cell volumes (S.C.V.) have been observed in erythrocytes of patients with cystic fibrosis using an electronical particle-volume analyzer (sheath flow detector). From these results a strong defect in red cell salt transport seems improbable. Valinomucin induces shrinking (by increase of K+ permeability) and gramicidin D induces swelling (by increase of Na+ permeability) of normal erythrocytes. Addition of C.F. sweat to normal erythrocytes induces no volume change. From this result no influence of the "C.F. factor" on passive ion permeability is concluded. PMID- 59667 TI - Immunological investigations of antigenicity and specificity of soluble collagen fractions. IV. Anaphylaxis and allergy experiments. AB - Collagen prepared from rat, calf, or pig skin was tested on guinea pigs for active cutaneous anaphylaxis. Only one fraction of calf skin collagen gave a slight, positive reaction. No positive reactions were observed in 21 subjects submitted to patch tests and 12 subjects submitted to scratch tests with pig skin collagen. Therefore preparations of pig skin collagen may be used for wound treatment without any risk. PMID- 59669 TI - Depletion of mast cell ATP inhibits complement-dependent cytotoxic histamine release. PMID- 59668 TI - Fetal antigens in human digestive tumors. PMID- 59670 TI - Rapid axonal transport of labeled proteins in regenerating sensory and motor fibers of rabbit vagus nerve. PMID- 59671 TI - Degradation of serum proteins in Triatoma infestans. PMID- 59673 TI - Education that "turns on" staff. PMID- 59672 TI - Evaluation and management of the child with delayed pubertal development. AB - The physical and hormonal changes of puberty are presented and the wide range of ages at which the pubertal process may begin is emphasized. The great variability in the timing of onset of adolescence, its rate of progression, and the age of completion are detailed. The causes of delayed adolescence in males and females are considered. The most common form of delayed adolescent development is termed constitutional delay in growth and development, which may occur sporadically, or may be the familial pattern of growth and development or may reflect a suboptimal nutritional environment. The evaluation of such children, including appropriate historical review, physical examination, and laboratory assessment, is outlined. In most patients with constitutional delay in growth and development, strong reassurance is sufficient therapy. In other subjects, treatment with androgens (boys) or estrogens (girls) may be indicated. In patients with primary systemic diseases accociated with delayed maturation, specific treatment which eradicates the illness will often be followed by resumption of growth and development. In subjects with primary disorders of the hypothalamus, pituitary, or gonads, replacement therapy with androgens or estrogens is indicated. If gonadal function is intact, these patients may eventually become fertile with appropriate use of hypothalamic and/or pituitary hormones. PMID- 59674 TI - Studies of the "e" antigen in acute and chronic hepatitis. AB - Sera from well individuals, including controls and asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, post-transfusion hepatitis cases, and chronic active liver disease patients were examined for the presence of "e" antigen and e antibody by rheophoresis. Our data confirm the specific association between the e determinant and hepatitis B infections and indicate that e antigen is closely associated with evidence of chronic hepatic dysfunction, in contrast to the association of e antibody with hepatic normalcy in HBsAg carriers. However, these correlations are not absolute and, therefore, it should not be inferred that all e antigen-positive individuals will develop chronic hepatitis nor, conversely, that presence of e antibody invariably protects against the development of chronic hepatitis. PMID- 59675 TI - Differential distribution of hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core antigen in the liver of hepatitis B patients. AB - One hundred liver biopsies from 100 patients with clinical presumptive diagnosis of hepatitis were examined by immunofluorescence for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). Of the 60 HBsAg positive livers, 51 were diagnosed as chronic hepatitis on histological grounds, 6 as acute hepatitis, and 3 as "near-normal liver." From the 60 tissue-positive cases, 3 subjects were HBsAg seronegative. HBcAg was detected in 44 livers, all of which also had HBcAg in the localized in the cytoplasm and the membranes of the hepatocytes, and HBcAg in the nuclei and in 4 cases also in the cytoplasm. Predominant HBsAg expression in the cytoplasm was observed in near-normal liver, chronic persistent hepatitis, and cirrhosis with little activity. This correlated with the amount of ground glass hepatocytes in the biopsies. HBcAg and membrane localized HBsAg were minimal in those conditions. HBcAg was most prevalent in patients with chronic aggressive hepatitis and active cirrhosis treated with immunosuppressive drugs, whereas the amounts of HBsAg and HBcAg in nontreated patients of those two groups and in acute hepatitis with signs of transition to chronicity were almost equal. HBsAg expression in liver cell membranes was most prominent in active forms of chronic hepatitis (chronic aggressive hepatitis and in active cirrhosis) and in acute hepatitis with signs of transition to chronicity. This observation correlated in the presence of HBcAg in the biopsies of those patients. In acute hepatitis both HBsAg and HBcAg were detected rarely and no membrane expression of HBsAg was observed. The over-all results show a significant relationship between the different degrees of accumulation of HBsAg and HBcAg in the liver and the various histological types of hepatitis and further suggest an interplay of both hepatitis B virus and host immune response in the development and pathogenesis of hepatitis B. PMID- 59676 TI - Occurrence of alpha-fetoprotein, Regan isoenzyme, and variant alkaline phosphatase in the serum of a patient with gastric cancer. AB - Regan isoenzyme, variant alkaline phosphatase, and alpha-fetoprotein were found in the serum of a patient with gastric cancer. The histology of the tumor was tubular adenocarcinoma. There were metastases in the retroperitoneal lymph nodes, but not in the liver. The liver was normal microscopically, with no evidence of bile duct obstruction. alpha-Fetoprotein in the tumor tissue was detected by immunoprecipitation reaction in agar. Regan isoenzyme and variant alkaline phosphatase were also detected in the tumor tissue and total alkaline phosphatase activity of the tissue was very high. These findings suggested their tumor origin. PMID- 59677 TI - Direct method for estimating the total gastrin cell number in the stomach of rats. AB - An original and simple method for counting the total G cell number in the stomach of small rodents is described. Staining the G cells with the peroxidase-antibody technique and counterstaining the nucleus make it possible to correct the nuclear overestimation. Counting directly the total number of G cells in sections from the entire stomach avoids errors due to tissue retraction and to unprecise delineation of the antro-fundic limit. PMID- 59678 TI - [Immunocytological study of corticotropic cells in several species of teleost fish: Gasterosteus aculeatus L., Carassius auratus L., Lebistes reticulatus P., Salmo irideus Gibbs and Perca fluviatilis L]. PMID- 59679 TI - Circulating thyroid hormones in the chicken before and after hatching. PMID- 59680 TI - [Cytochemical studies of the lymphocytes in the diagnosis and evaluation of the activity of the immunological process in berylliosis]. PMID- 59681 TI - [Histamine metabolic index dynamics in relation to operative interventions in lung and pleural diseases]. PMID- 59682 TI - Early recruitment in the human myeloma cell population after cytostatic treatment. PMID- 59683 TI - A "new" blood factor, C1, demonstrated with extracts of seeds of the Korean Clerodendron trichotomum Thunberg. AB - By absorbing extracts of seeds of the Korean Clerodendron trichotomum Thunberg with selected human group O red cells, a lectin has been prepared, which defines a hitherto undescribed specificity, designated C1, defining individual differences in human red cells. The specificity C1 appears to characterize a structure associated with the A-B-H-Le marcomolecule, both of red cells and of saliva, which is distinct from the combining groups for A,B,H and Le. Moreover, the reactivity of red cells with anti-C1 lectin is destroyed by treatment of the red cells with proteolytic enzymes, unlike the reactions for A,B,H and Le. PMID- 59684 TI - The preoperative visit--O.R. nurses and patients interact. PMID- 59686 TI - C and Q bands in long arm of Y chromosomes; are they identical? AB - A phenotypically normal male has a small Y chromosome with no Yq fluorescence, but displays constitutive heterochromatin on the end of Yq. C and Q bands on Yq therefore need not be necessarily identical. PMID- 59685 TI - Isolation of mammalian cell mutants deficient in glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase by means of a replica-plating technique. AB - A replica-plating technique is described which was used for the isolation of G-6 PD-deficient mutants in cultures of mutagen-treated Chinese hamster cells. Mutants were recognized by their failure to stain in a histochemical G-6-PD specific staining reaction. Four mutants were isolated and characterized by growth properties, stability of their variant phenotypes, and reduced G-6-PD activity. One of these mutants on electrophoresis exhibited a variant G-6-PD and thus is very likely the result of a mutation in the structural gene for G-6-PD. PMID- 59687 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies in an intrauterine growth retarded fetus. AB - Chromosome analysis of amniotic fluid cells and amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein determinations were used to investigate a fetus with severe intrauterine growth retardation in the third trimester. The karyotype was 47,XY,18+ and increased alpha-fetoprotein levels indicated the presence of congenital malformations. We suggest that when severe fetal growth retardation is detected early in the antepartum course, amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein and amniotic fluid cell chromosome studies be done to determine if congenital anomalies may be an etiological factor. PMID- 59688 TI - CT banding of human chromosomes. The role of cations in the alkaline pretreatment. AB - This paper describes a study of the role of certain cations in the alkaline pretreatment step used in the CT technique for chromosome band formation. Treatment of human chromosomes with ammonium bases or with the hydroxides of the monovalent alkali metals Na, K, or Li resulted in their rapid disintegration, unless very short treatment periods or diluted solutions were used. In the latter cases a subsequent staining produced a weak G-banding pattern. The chromosomes appeared to be much less sensitive to treatment with the hydroxides of the divalent alkaline earth metals Ba, Sr, Ca, and Mg. Staining after exposure to these hydroxides yielded R-banding patterns. The reduced alkali sensitivity of the chromosomes and the reverse banding pattern formation observed are probably the result of a chromatin stabilization by the divalent cations of the alkaline earth metals. It is proposed that not only in the R-band formation with the hydroxides of the alkaline earth metals but also in that obtained by other techniques, chromosome stabilization plays an important role. PMID- 59689 TI - The extensive cross-reaction of several syngeneic rat-anti-BP antiserums with myelin basic proteins (BP) of other species. PMID- 59690 TI - Molecular requirements involved in suppression of EAE by synthetic basic copolymers of amino acids. PMID- 59691 TI - Immunochemistry of bovine fibrinogen--II. Analysis by immunoadsorption of the antibody response against three large cyanogen bromide peptides. PMID- 59692 TI - The specificity and polyvalency of binding of a monoclonal rheumatoid factor. PMID- 59693 TI - Distribution of Lpm-allotypic determinants among molecules of mink serum alpha2 lipoproteins. PMID- 59694 TI - Immunological and immunochemical properties of the giant African snail (Acathina fulica) hemocyanin. PMID- 59695 TI - Immunological relationships among hexosaminidases of different species. PMID- 59696 TI - Three antigenic determinants in histone F3 from chicken erythrocytes. PMID- 59697 TI - Immunofluorescence analysis of Ig determinants of mouse thymocytes and T cells. PMID- 59698 TI - [Analysis of O specific sites present on Boivin's antigen and on the degraded polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi]. PMID- 59699 TI - Early detection of pregnancy-associated serum protein using antiserum to placental antigens. AB - Antisera against human placental proteins were developed in goats and rabbits, using immunoadjuvants and a prolonged injection schedule. The antisera were absorbed with normal serum proteins and then tested in immunodiffusion against normal and pregnancy sera. Two bands of precipitation due to pregnancy antigens were observed in pregnancy sera as early as 18 days after conception. Detection of these antigens has possibilities for application as an early pregnancy test. PMID- 59700 TI - The use of 3H serotonin release from mast cells of the mouse as an assay for mediator liberation. AB - The release of 3H 5-HT from murine mast cells is shown to be a simple reproducible method for studying the activation of such cells by various agents. 3H-serotonin was taken up by peritoneal cell suspensions in vitro and was released by antigen, Concanavalin A, Forssman antiserum, anti-mouse immunoglobulin, or a polypeptide antibiotic, Cinnamycin. PMID- 59701 TI - Some observation on alpha-fetoprotein in foetal serum and liquor amnii. PMID- 59702 TI - Hepatotoxicity of thiacetazone. PMID- 59703 TI - Antigenic relationships on the diphtheria toxin molecule: antitoxin versus antitoxoid. AB - We used the mouse to produce antisera to native diphtheria toxin and diphtheria toxoid. With these antisera it was possible to distinguish between toxin and toxoid. By gel diffusion analysis, antitoxin detected antigenic determinants on toxin which were not available on toxoid, indicating that some determinants had been lost or altered by formalin treatment. Antitoxoid, on the other hand, showed reactions of identity between toxin and toxoid in gel diffusion. The toxin neutralization titers measured in tissue culture were the same for both antisera. Only antitoxin neutralized the adenosine 5'-diphosphate ribosyl-transferase activity of fragment A, but suprisingly both antisera had significant anti fragment A titers when tested by passive hemagglutination. It is suggested that some of the anti-fragment A activity in antitoxin affects the enzyme active site, whereas that in antitoxoid does not, implying the existence of a least two independent antigenic regions on fragment A. PMID- 59704 TI - Chemical and immunological properties of the type f polysaccharide antigen of Streptococcus mutans. AB - The type-specific cell wall polysaccharide antigen was extracted, purified, and characterized from type f Streptococcus mutans strain OMZ175 and MT557. The antigen was extracted from lyophilized cells with 5% trichloroacetic acid at 85 C for 15 min or saline at 120 C for 30 min. The trichloroacetic acid antigen was chromatographically separated into three antigenic fractions on a diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-25 column. Antigen 1 (Ag1P), which was specific for type f antiserum, was further purified by passing through carboxymethyl-Sephadex C-25 and Sephadex G-200 columns. It was a polysaccharide composed of 49% rhamnose and 47% glucose. No reaction was obtained with anti-polyglycerophosphate (PGP) serum. Antigen 2 was reactive with both type f and PGP antisera and contained significant amounts of protein and phosphorus. Antigen 3 was reactive only with PGP antiserum and had no type specificity. The polysaccharide antigen gave a single precipitin band against type-specific antiserum on immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The presence of alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages was indicated by a 90% inhibition of the precipitin reaction by isomaltose and alpha methyl-D-glucopyranoside, adsorption to and release from a concanavalin A Sepharose column, and reaction with an S. mutans (type e) glucan antiserum. This antiserum was used to show that the type f polysaccharide antigen did not contain free glucan. An analysis of the antigen released from the antigen-glucan antiserum complex showed the presence of rhamnose and glucose. This released antigen also reacted with an f antiserum, which did not react with commercial dextran. The results show that the type f polysaccharide antigen is the first of those S. mutans type-specific polysaccharides identified to be immunologically related to an S. mutans glucan. PMID- 59705 TI - Identification of the stumptailed macaque virus as a new papovavirus. AB - A new viral agent, stumptailed macaque virus (STMV), isolated from uninoculated stumptailed macaque kidney cultures was identified. The virions had the size and morphology of papovaviruses of the simian virus 40 (SV40)-polyoma subgroup, but many of them appeared to have an additional outer envelope. The deoxyribonucleic acid of STMV was a superhelical circular molecule, with a mean length 91% of that of SV40. The antigenic relationship of this virus with other members of the group was examined by immune electron microscopy of isolated virions and by immunofluorescent staining of virus-infected cells. STMV was immunologically distinct from SV40, BK virus (BKV), polyoma virus, and JC virus. Its tumor antigen may be related to those of SV40 and BKV. PMID- 59706 TI - Purification and immunochemical characterization of type e polysaccharide antigen of Streptococcus mutans. AB - The type-specific antigen of Streptococcus mutans strain MT703, serotype e, has been chromatographically purified and characterized. Two chromatographic fractions were obtained from saline extracts which reacted with both anti-MT703 whole-cell serum and Lancefield group E serum. The major fraction (eI) was identified as a polysaccharide composed of 37% glucose, 56% rhamnose, 5% protein, and 0.3% phosphorus, whereas the minor fraction (eII) contained 66% protein in addition to 10% glucose and 17% rhamnose. The immunological specificity of these antigens was found to be the same by immunodiffusion in agar gel. Another fraction with a negative charge (eIII) reacted with polyglycerophosphate antisera from Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus pyogenes. For comparison, the MT703 antigen in a hot trichloroacetic acid extract (eA) and the group E antigen from a saline extract of cells of strain K129 (EI) were similarly purified by anionic ion-exchange chromatography. Although the ratio of glucose and rhamnose in eA was 1:0.9 and in eI and eII approximately 1:1.5, reactions of identity were obtained in gel diffusion against specific anti-e serum. This difference in ratio is probably a result of the extraction procedures. Both the type e and group E antisera were reactive with both eI and EI antigens. The adsorption of group E antiserum with MT703 cells removed all E antibody, whereas type e-specific antibody remained after adsorption with K129 cells. These results suggest that eI antigen possesses both e and E specificities, whereas EI possesses E only. These findings were supported by the quantitative precipitin test and immunodiffusion and/or immunoelectrophoretic patterns in agar gel. Methyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside markedly inhibited the precipitin reaction in both type e and group E sera. However, a significantly stronger inhibition by cellobiose of type e serum than of group E serum indicates that a beta-linked glucose-glucose dimer is the predominant antigenic determinant of the e specificity. The presence of both e and E specificities on a single polysaccharide molecule was demonstrated by the use of purified e antigen released from a specific e-anti-e complex. This antigen reacted with a group E-specific serum as well as a type e-specific serum. An examination of five S. mutans type e strains showed the presence of group E specificity also, whereas the I, II, and IV serotypes of group E streptococci only possessed the group E specificity. PMID- 59707 TI - Immunity after infections with Myxoviruses. AB - Influenza, parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial viruses cause respiratory infections in man with consequent transient and sometimes imperfect against reinfection. Humoral immunity and probably cell-mediated immunity contribute to resistance. Whereas circulating antibodies are more important for influenza viruses, secretory antibody are relatively speaking more important for parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virsues. Measles and mumps induced longlasting immunity which can be correlated with circulating neutralizing antibodies. Certain immune responses against measles and respiratory syncytial virus cause pathological reactions after infection with the same virus. PMID- 59708 TI - Somatic cell hybrids between human lymphoma lines. II. Spontaneous and induced patterns of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) cycle. AB - The regulation of spontaneous, IUDR-induced and P3HR-1 virus-induced EA and VCA production patterns was studied in two new somatic hybrids between human lymphoma lines. The hybrid 8A was derived from the crossing of the non-producer Raji with the spontaneous producer Daudi line. The second hybrid, 83, was produced by the fusion of Raji with the EBV-genome-negative B-lymphoma line, BJAB. The studies suggest the following EBV regulation patterns: (1) the spontaneous production of EA and VCA appears to be regulated by controls that differ from the regulators of P3HR-1 virus-induced or IUDR-induced EA synthesis. While spontaneous producer status was dominant over non-producer status, the level of EA inducibility was set by one of the parental cells, Raji ATG, and could either raise (in the previously studied Raji/Namalwa hybrid, cf Nyormoi et al. 1973) or depress (in Raji/Daudi) the level of relative EA inducibility found in the partner cell. (2) Although EA production is a prerequisite for VCA synthesis, the latter is under its own restriction mechanisms, quite independent of those that regulate the level of EA synthesis. (3) Inducibility of EA synthesis by P3HR-1 virus and by IUDR appear to be under the influence of at least partially identical controls. (4) EBV-negative lymphoma cells, exemplified by BJAB, may exert a "complementation" effect on the EA inducibility of their EBV-positive fusion partner, in spite of their own restrictivity against virus-induced EA synthesis. In more general terms, it is obvious that the EBV cycle is under the influence of multiple regulatory mechanisms in the human lymphoid cell. Depending on the parental cell and viral genomes that are allowed to interact, somatic cell hybrids may display a variety of patterns. At this time, cell hybridization is one of the few pathways that permit an approach to this complex and completely unknown world. PMID- 59709 TI - Cell line-specific cell surface components of hypotetraploid ascites mammary carcinoma cells inducing humoral reactions in the syngeneic host. AB - Cell-line specific cell surface components were demonstrated on cells of various hypotetraploid ascites cell lines, but not on hyperdiploid cells derived from a mammary carcinoma induced by mammary tumor virus (MTV) in syngeneic C3H/He mice. These substances caused cell-line-specific transplantation antigenicity and were identified, together with MTV-associated substances and tumor-associatied embryonic materials, as being the binding sites for tumor cell agglutinating factors found in sera from tumor-bearing and regressor animals. Particles containing the cell line-specific substances were released from these cells by hypnotic treatment. They could be purified as a single peak in a sucrose density gradient. They were, however, not dissociated from the MTV-associated substances. Absorption studies of agglutination activity were extensively used for demonstration of specificity. PMID- 59710 TI - Specific antigen of murine erythroblasts. AB - A new antigan has been revealed by means of antisera against Rauscher virus in mice with Rauscher virus-induced leukemia. This antigen appears to be different from both Rauscher type-specific antigen and MULV-gs-1 (p-30), as shown by studies of electrophoretic mobility and immunochemical specificity. Except in leukemic mice it was also found in low levels in both serum and spleen extracts of healthy mice of a number of strains. Furthermore, this antigen was regularly demonstrated by immunofluorescence on the surface of erythroblasts, but not on the surface of erythrocytes, lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear cells and thymocytes, and was shown to be different from fetal hemoglobin. Therefore, it is referred to as antigen of erythroblasts (Ag-Eb), which seems to represent a surface marker for a certain differentiation stage of erythroid cells. PMID- 59711 TI - Tube leukocyte (monocyte) adherence inhibition assay for the detection of anti tumour immunity. III. "Blockade" of monocyte reactivity by excess free antigen and immune complexes in advanced cancer patients. AB - Leukocytes from patients with limited cancer display LAI reactivity whereas leukocytes from patients with metastatic cancer frequently demonstrate no reactivity in the tube LAI assay. The leukocytes (monocytes) of reactive patients react with tumour antigen through specific cytophilic anti-tumour IgG antibody bound to the monocyte's Fc cell surface receptors. The non-reactive monocytes from patients with advanced cancer lacked the ability to bind free cytophilic anti-tumour antibody. Moreover, the serum of the non-reactive patient contained no free cytophilic anti-tumour antibody capable of "arming" normal leukocytes. The serum of patients with large tumour burdens contained free tumour antigenic determinants capable of absorbing free cytophilic anti-tumour antibody from the serum of reactive patients or when preincubated with reactive leukocytes abrogating their LAI responsiveness immunologically specifically. Blocking was immunologically specific; therefore, the specificity must reside in the tumour antigenic determinant since immune complexes are bound nonspecifically. The tumour antigen coat was removed by gentle trypsinization of the monocyte's surface. This restored the monocyte's capacity to react with the sensitizing tumour antigen and to bind free cytophilic antibody from the microenvironment. Nonreactivity in the tube LAI assay of patients with metastatic cancer was not the result of a numerical deficit of circulating monocytes but was mediated by an excess of tumour antigen in the microenvironment of the sensitized monocyte. PMID- 59712 TI - Identification with G and R banding of the position of breakage points induced in human chromosomes by in vitro x-irradiation. AB - The aberrations seen in chromosomes of human peripheral-blood lymphocytes, X irradiated in vitro, have been analysed in three types of preparations, treated to give G-banding; R-banding; and G-banding followed by R-banding on the same cells. The data from cells subjected to both banding techniques reveals that 30 per cent of the sites of chromosome breakage are situated at he interfaces between dark- and - light-stained bands. The results of all the analyses show that approximately 30 per cent of all breaks were located in either the telomere (19-5 per cent) or centromere (11-3 per cent) regions. Chromosomes rich in R-band material were not preferentially damaged, but chromosomes 12, 15, and particularly 17, were involved in aberrations more frequently than would be expected on the basis of their length. No breaks were found on the Y chromosome in the 114 male cells analysed, but the X did not appear to be spared from damage either in the male cells analysed, but the X did not appear to be spared from damage either in the male cell or the 136 female cells analysed. G and/or R banding enables a much more accurate analysis of aberrations than can be obtained from the use of conventional staining techniques, and with these methods, it is shown that the numbers of induced asymmetrical and symmetrical exchanges are similar. PMID- 59713 TI - Letter: Positive immunological responses to contrast media. PMID- 59714 TI - Immunity against avian sarcomas: a review. AB - Animals bearing either primary or transplantable tumors of avian sarcoma virus origin frequently mount cellular and humoral antitumor immune responses against both viral and nonviral antigenic determinants. This communication summarizes recent developments in this area, with special emphasis on the effector mechanisms of antitumor immunity in chickens. Among the topics considered are structural and antigenic aspects of avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses; virus induced tumor-associated antigens; methods of in vivo and in vitro detection of tumor-associated antigens; and the relative importance of the bursal and thymic systems in avian antitumor immunity. PMID- 59715 TI - Lysis and necrosis: analysis of two cytotoxic phenomena mediated by lymphocytes. AB - Stimulation of rat lymphocytes by allogeneic and xenogeneic (mouse) embryo fibroblast monolayers or by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) generate two different cytotoxic manifestations: a) cell-mediated target cell lysis obtained by contact between effector cells and target cells; b) cytotoxicity caused by lymphotoxin (here termed "necrosis"). Activation of hypersensitive lymphocytes by soluble antigen, e.g., keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), produces only necrosis but no lytic effect. This difference between mitogen and antigen activation is attributed to the affinity of the mitogens for target cell membranes. There is a marked difference in the time of onset of the two phenomena. Ten minutes after the effector cells have been introduced to the target monolayers, lysis of fibroblasts becomes visible, whereas necrosis usually develops only 48 to 72 h later. A clear difference in the morphology of the two types of target cell killing was seen when the cultures were stained in situ with trypan blue. Lysed target cells produced blebs and underwent fragmentation, scattering cytoplasmic droplets. During a 10-min to 24-h period, these cells excluded the dye. Only much later (after greater than 30 h), when the cell remnants had undergone a further slow "decay" process, did they stain with trypan blue. In cultures rendered necrotic by lymphotoxin, the killed fibroblasts preserved their morphological integrity but the nuclei became markedly stained with trypan blue. Lymphotoxin was found to be effective only in highly concentrated macrophage and fibroblast cultures. In sparsely populated macrophage cultures, the mediator(s) did not effect cell death but nonetheless exerted marked morphological changes. Vacuoles containing lipids developed and eventually occupied the greater volume of the cytoplasm. Giant lipid droplets were seen leaking out of the macrophage cytoplasm. It is suggested that lymphotoxin does not kill directly, but rather that metabolic products released by the vigorously stimulated target cells cause the necrotic effect in the cultures. PMID- 59716 TI - Recognition of the cattle chromosomes by the Q- and G-banding techniques. PMID- 59717 TI - Identification of the 1/29-translocation in the Swedish Red and White (SRB) cattle breed by utilization of new staining techniques. PMID- 59719 TI - Localization of glycoidases with naphthyl substrates. AB - Unsubstituted naphthyl substrates were found to be superior to substituted naphthyl, indolyl and hydroxyquinoline substrates for the histochemical demonstration of alpha-mannosidase, alpha-galactosidase, hetero-beta-glycosidase, glucoamylase and sucraseisomaltase, equivalent for beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and lactase-beta-glucosidase, and inferior for beta-glucuronidase and acid beta galatosidase. Aldehyde fixation is necessary for the localization of lysosomal glycosidases with naphthyl substrates. 1-naphthyl substrates are suitable for the detection of acid glycosidases in lysosomes and hetero-beta-glysocidase in the cytoplasm of animal cells, and 2-naphthyl substrates can be employed for the demonstration of microvillous glycosidases and for the evaluation of the total activity of soluble glycosidases with semipermeable membranes. When naphthyl substrates are used coupling should be carried out simultaneously and hexazotized pararosaniline is the coupling reagent of choice. PMID- 59720 TI - A novel approach for enzyme histochemical and autoradiographic studies on single cells. AB - A simple technique that does not involve the use of heat has been developed to fix cells or cell organelles. The cells or organelles are mixed with a bovine serum albumin solution, gelled by the addition of a suitable fixative, and then either embedded or frozen. The gelled mixture contains well preserved cells or organelles that are evenly dispersed, thus eliminating the problems of pellet packing. The technique was excellent for ultrastructural autoradiography where radioactive materials bound to plasma membranes or cytoplasmic nucleotides were being studied. Histochemical tests could be applied to the fixed embedded material. Light and electron microscopy could be done on the same well-mixed sample. Fixed frozen albumin samples cut with ease on a cryostat but there was ice crystal formation. PMID- 59721 TI - Further characterization of phosphatase activities using non-specific substrates. AB - The demonstration of non-lysosomal acid phosphatase has been the subject of a number of recent investigations. In the present study we compared the enzyme activities in rat liver and kidney that are revealed after incubation in the presence of either beta-glycerophosphate, p-nitrophenylphosphate or phenylphosphate at varying pH. As seen by others, the activity towards p nitrophenylphosphate at pH 5-6 was confined to lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), nuclear envelope and plasmalemma. The reactivity of the plasmalemma and the ER was increased at pH 7. The TER of Kupffer cells in the liver stained intensely in contrast to the ER of the parenchymal cells, which stained only weakly. In the presence of NaF, all sites except the plasmalemma became negative. Addition of a levamisole-analogue, L-p-bromotetramisole, which is a specific inhibitor of alkaline phosphatase, resulted in the disappearance of the plasmalemmal activity whereas the activity at the other sites appeared unaltered. The rather unusual locations of activities with so-called non-specific substrates were further compared with those obtained with specific substrates such as glucose-6-phosphate and thiamine pyrophospate. The possible implication of these data in relation to the specificity of marker-enzymes for subcellular organelles is discussed. PMID- 59718 TI - Esterases in histochemistry and ultrahistochemistry. PMID- 59722 TI - Use of the p-nitrophenyl phosphate method for the demonstration of acid phosphatase during starvation and cell autolysis in the planarian Polycelis tenuis Iijima. AB - Acid phosphatase activity is demonstrated employing p-nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate and lead acetate as coupler. The fine structural localization of the enzyme in starved planarian tissues is described. The method is used to pin-point starvation - induced acid phosphatase activity in relation to autophagy and crinophagy in the gland cells; autophagy, autolysis and cell death in parenchymal and gastrodermal cells and basement membrane lysis. Attention is also payed to the demonstration of muscle lysis. The histochemical implications of the method are discussed. PMID- 59723 TI - [Ultrastructural identification and immunocytochemical study of somatostatin cells in antral mucosa of the rabbit and the mouse (author's transl)]. AB - In normal and L-Dopa treated rabbits and mice, combined immunochemical methods, photonic histological methods for endocrine cells and ultrastructural methods were used to elucidate ultrastructure and properties of somatostatin cells of the antral mucosa. In normal rabbits, immunoreactive cells giving no fluorescence with Falck's technic, they corresponded neither to serotonin cells nor gastrin cells; they were unreactive with Fontana, Hellerstrom-Hellmann, Sevier-Munger and Mac Conaill methods but very slightly stained with Grimelius methods. In L-Dopa treated animals somatostatin cells gave formaldehyde induced fluorescence (they were included in GIC cells, thus in Apud group), exhibited a good reaction with Grimelius and Sevier-Munger methods. In order to carry out the alternate semi thin/thin section procedure (semi-thin sections for immunofluorescence or immunoenzymatic detection and serial thin sections counter-stained for conventional ultrastructure studies), immunological treatment were performed on M.F.F.--glutaraldehyde fixed small fragments of mucosa before inclusion in Epon 812 or, after inclusion, on semi-thin sections. We succeeded in identifying ultrastructurally somatostatin cells. They displayed round or ovoid shaped secretory granules, and three constant typical structures: numerous microfilaments--light and homogenous granules, often seeming like lipids-- granules made up by coarsely filamentous cores surrounded by a large empty halo. Somatostatin cells seemed different of X cells because of their predominant localisation in the antral mucosa (in the rabbit X cells were predominantly in the fundus) and because of the lack of nuclear microfilaments; they also seemed ultrastructuraly different of D1 cells. PMID- 59724 TI - Alkaline lead citrate: a selective stain for glutaraldehyde precipitates of indolamines and primary catecholamines in electron microscopy. AB - Test-tube experiments proved that alkaline lead citrate (Reynolds, 1963), which is generally used as an electron-opaque stain, specifically reacts with precipitates formed by glutaraldehyde and biogenic amines (indolamines, primary catecholamines). Glutaraldehyde/osmium tetroxide fixation and staining of thin sections with alkaline lead citrate is recommended as an optimal preparation method of studying the above-mentioned amines at a fine structural level. PMID- 59725 TI - A quantitative assay of covalently bound cephalosporin derivatives in cephalosporin-protein conjugates. PMID- 59726 TI - Rapid nuclear staining method for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Mithramycin was used to stain nuclei in mitotically dividing and sporulating yeast. PMID- 59727 TI - Platelet alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1-antitrypsin. AB - Subcellular membrane and granule fractions derived from human platelets contain immunologically identifiable alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1-antitrypsin. These platelet-derived inhibitors show a reaction of immunologic identity when compared to alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1-antitrypsin purified from human plasma. Further, the platelet protease inhibitors possessed a similar subunit polypeptide chain structure to their plasma counterparts as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis. Studies of the binding of radiolabeled trypsin to the various solubilized platelet subcellular fractions suggest that the granule-associated alpha2-macroglobulin and alpha1-antitrypsin, as well as membrane-associated alpha2-macroglobulin were functionally active. Quantitatively, circulating platelets contain relatively small concentrations of these inhibitors as compared to platelet-associated fibrinogen and factor VIIIAGN. Platelet protease inhibitors may modulate the protease-mediated events involved in the formation of hemostatic plugs and thrombi. PMID- 59728 TI - A fragment comprising the last third of bovine serum albumin which accounts for almost all the antigenic reactivity of the native protein. AB - The fragmentation of native bovine serum albumin by trypsin has been studied in aqueous solution under various conditions with regard to the yield and size of the fragments obtained. From a partial tryptic hydrolysate at pH 8.2 (40 degrees, 1 hour), a homogeneous fragment was isolated in high yield by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The molecular weight of the fragment by gel filtration on calibrated Sephadex G-100 columns and by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis was 22,500. After reduction of the disulfide bonds followed by alkylation of the resultant thiol groups with iodoacetamide, the fragment retained homogeneity by disc electrophoresis and its molecular weight remained unchanged, indicating that it was composed of a single polypeptide chain. From its amino acid composition, sequence of the first 20 residues, and actions of carboxypeptidases A or B, it was unequivocally assigned to positions 377-571 in albumin. The inhibitory activity of the fragment was 90 to 93% towards the immune reaction of the protein with the IgG fraction of the antisera. The IgGfraction accounted for 96% of the total antibody activity in the antisera. An immunoabsorbent of fragment 377-571 removed 89 to 95% of the antibody to albumin. A fluorescent derivative of the fragment, which retained full immunochemical activity, was found to bind 2 mol of antibody/mol of peptide. The disulfides in peptide 377-571 were essential for its immunochemical reaction because the latter was entirely abolished upon reduction and S-alkylation of the disulfides. Since this fragment comprised only a third of the albumin molecule, but accounted for 90 to 95% of its antigenic reactivity, the results indicated that native albumin carries identical repeating antigenic reactive sites. PMID- 59729 TI - The beads in the Golgi complex-endoplasmic reticulum region. AB - The region between the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex has been studied in a variety of insect cell types in an attempt to find a marker for the exit gate or gates from the ER. We have found that the smooth surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum near Golgi complex transitional elements has beadlike structures arranged in rings at the base of transition vesicles. They occur in all insect cell types and a variety of other organisms. The beads can be seen only after staining in bismuth salts. They are 10-12 nm in diameter and are separated from the membrane and one another by a clear halo giving them a center to center spacing of about 27 nm. The beads are not sensitive to nucleases under conditions which disrupt ribosomes or remove all Feulgen staining material from the nucleus. Under conditions similar to those used to stain tissue, bismuth does not react in vitro with nucleic acids. The component of the beads that stains preferentially with bismuth is therefore probably not nucleic acid. PMID- 59730 TI - Raised serum alpha-2 globulins as an independent risk factor of coronary heart disease. PMID- 59731 TI - Thyrotoxicosis secondary to involvement of the thyroid with malignant lymphoma. AB - A patient with malignant lymphoma developed goiter and thyrotoxicosis during the course of her disease. A thyroid biopsy revealed involvement of the thyroid gland with a malignant lymphoma. This was associated with the high levels of circulating thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones. The patient was treated with propylthiouracil, local radiotherapy, and nitrogen mustard and prednisone. The patient became euthyroid with the disappearance of goiter. Circulating levels of thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones returned to the normal range. PMID- 59732 TI - Influence of purified plasma proteins on testosterone uptake and metabolism by normal and hyperplastic human prostate in "constant-flow organ culture". AB - Surgical samples of human prostate were explanted and submitted to constant-flow organ culture. The medium contained 3H-testosterone 50 nM, and except for controls, increasing concentrations of human serum albumin (HSA) or human sex steroid-binding plasma protein (SBP). At steady state, the explants were washed and homogenized, and the total radioactivity, radioactive testosterone, androstanolone (17 beta-hydroxyandrostan-3-one), androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta diol, and androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol were determined after the addition of the corresponding internal 14C standards. From these data, testosterone uptake and metabolism were quantitated. The concentration of unbound testosterone in protein-supplemented culture media was measured separately by equilibrium dialysis. In control superfusions without protein, the tissue concentration of total radioactive steroids was equivalent to 182 +/- 18 (mean +/- SEM) pmoles/g of prostate. Androstanolone represented about 2/3, testosterone 1/10, and the two androstanediols together 1/10 of the total radioactivity. No difference was found between "normal" and hyperplastic prostate explants. In experiments with HSA (15 176 muM), is was observed that the uptake of radioactive testosterone in the prostate explants was decreased in direct proportion to the unbound testosterone fraction of the superfusion medium, but the proportions of testosterone metabolities in the superfused explants remained the same. In experiments with SBP (6-135 nM), the concentrations of unbound testosterone in the superfusion medium were reduced to the same levels as in the experiments with HSA. The reduction of tissue radioactivity was somewhat larger than that expected from the reduction of unbound testosterone in the superfusion medium for the concentrations of SBP less than 50 nM, and then remained approximately constant. In addition, SBP altered the metabolism of testosterone: the androstanolone/testosterone ratio in the prostate explants was critically dependent upon the SBP concentration in the superfusion medium. It is therefore suggested that, independent of its effect on the binding of testosterone, SBP has a direct effect on testosterone uptake and metabolism by the human prostate. The underlying mechanism is unknown. PMID- 59733 TI - Pituitary-thyroid regulation in euthyroid patients with Graves' disease previously treated with antithyroid drugs. AB - To understand why some patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease remain euthyroid after a course of antithyroid drug therapy, pituitary-thyroid regulation was studied in 20 such patients who had remained well for six months or longer after the withdrawal of antithyroid drugs. Only patients who were clinically euthyroid and had normal serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were studied. Serum TSH responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyroid suppression were determined in all patients. Seven patients had normal responses to both tests. Six patients had a subnormal response to TRH and abnormal suppression. Five patients had a subnormal response to TRH and normal suppression, and two patients had a normal TSH response to TRH and abnormal suppression. There were no differences in the mean serum T4, T3 or TSH concentrations between any of the groups. The mean duration of time after antithyroid drug withdrawal was 19 months in the patients in whom both tests were abnormal, whereas it was 58 months in those in whom both tests were normal and 45 months in those with a subnormal TSH response to TRH and a normal suppression test. Thus, in 13 of the 20 patients studied, various degrees of abnormality of pituitary-thyroid regulation were demonstrable. These results suggest that, in most patients with Graves' disease who remain clinically and biochemically euthyroid after a course of antithyroid drug therapy, the disease persists in a mild or subclinical form. PMID- 59734 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity cross-reactions between Sporothrix schenckii and Ceratocystis species in sporotrichotic patients. AB - Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity to antigens prepared from Sporothrix schenckii and several Ceratocystis species, including C. stenoceras, C. ulmi, C. ips, and C. minor, was tested in 14 patients with known cutaneous sporotrichosis. Extensive cross-reactions were observed. Nonsporotrichotic people (controls) did not react to these antigens. The correlation coefficient between antigens of S. schenckii and each Ceratocystis species was calculated from the areas of the cutaneous reactions. Among the Ceratocystis species tested, the correlation coefficient between S. schenckii and C. stenoceras was 0.91. PMID- 59735 TI - Serological studies and isolations of serotype hardjo and Leptospira biflexa strains from horses of Argentina. AB - Three pathogenic leptosipras and 12 saprophytic Leptospira biflexa strains were isolated from 72 apparently normal horse kidneys collected at an abattoir in Argentina. Cross-agglutination reaction patterns of the pathogens showed that they were antigenically homologous with members of the Hebdomadis group. When one of the strains was compared to Hebdomadis serotypes in reciprocal agglutination absorption tests, it was found to be serologically homologous to serotype hardjo. This is the first known report of an isolation of this serotype from horses. Serological tests were also carried out on randomly collected abattoir sera from 245 horses to determine the prevalence of equine leptospirosis. Significant antibody titers (1:100 or greater) were found in 74.6% of the sera. Predominant reactions occurred with the antigens pomona, hebdomadis group, pyrogenes, tarassovi, and canicola. Agglutination tests performed with antigen prepared with one of the saprophytic biflexa isolates showed seropositive reactions in 99.1% of the equine sera, with agglutination titers ranging from 1:100 to 1:3,200. Absorption of selected horse sera with the saprophytic strain removed the agglutinins to Leptospira interrogans serotypes. This suggests the possibility that L. biflexa strains may act as an antigenic stimulus and account for some of the persistent multiple cross-reaction patterns of equine sera with pathogenic serotypes. PMID- 59736 TI - A simplified Leifson flagella stain. AB - Flagella of bacteria taken directly from 24- and 48-h blood agar plates can be stained by using a simple, reliable procedure. PMID- 59737 TI - IgA and IgG anti-ragweed antibodies in nasal secretions. Quantitative measurements of antibodies and correlation with inhibition of histamine release. AB - Total secretory IgA and specific anti-antigen E (AgE) antibodies (ab) in the IgA and IgG classes were measured in concentrated nasal washings from ragweed allergic and normal individuals by antigen binding or anti-alpha radioimmunoassays. Virtually all the allergic patients had significant IgA (45/49) and IgG (46/49) ab to AgE in their nasal washings. By contrast, washings from most normal persons contained no measurable IgA (13/15) ab or IgG (13/15) ab to AgE. The total IgA levels in allergic washings were not significantly different from those in normal washings and they were used to standardize the ab measurements. Parenteral immunotherapy with ragweed extract increased specific nasal IgA ab from 10.6 +/- 2.7 (SEM) to 39.0 +/- 8.7 ng AgE bound/mg IgA and IgG ab from 17.2 +/- 2.6 to 65.1 +/- 7.4 ng AgE bound/mg IgA (P less than 0.001 for both classes). The ratio of IgA:IgG ab was not affected by therapy, and for treated patients, there was no correlation (rs + 0.32, P greater than 0.1) between nasal IgG ab and serum IgG ab. These results suggest that at least part of the nasal IgG ab is produced locally. Blocking activity in the nasal washings was measured by inhibition of histamine release and was found to correlate directly (rs + 0.85, P less than 0.001) with binding activity for AgE. Some washings from normal persons caused slight inhibition of histamine release but others caused enhancement. Nasal washings were fractionated by passage over Sephadex G-200. Inhibition of histamine release by dilutions of the IgA-rich and IgG-rich fractions correlated well with binding activity in these fractions. None of these results support the hypothesis that allergic individuals are deficient in secretory IgA or secretory ab responses. These results, however, are in keeping with the theory that hay fever occurs in a high-responder population which is genetically able to respond to low doses of inhalant antigens. PMID- 59738 TI - Modulation of cellular-immune responses in vivo and in vitro by histamine receptor-bearing lymphocytes. AB - Histamine, one of the mediators involved in the IgE-mediated reaction, was demonstrated to influence in vivo and in vitro components of cellular-immune reactions in orthochlorbenzoyl-bovine gamma globulin-immune guinea pigs. 10(-3) M histamine reduced by half the size of a delayed hypersensitivity skin test at 24 h. Inhibition of skin reactivity by histamine could be partially reversed by H-1 receptor antagonists such as chlorpheniramine and completely prevented by H-2 receptor antagonists such as burimamide. The histamine suppression of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity could be accounted for in part by its inhibitory effect on certain lymphocyte responses including antigen-induced migration inhibitory factor (MIF) production and proliferation. At concentrations of 10(-3)-10(-5) M histamine reversibly inhibited MIF production and its action could be blocked by H-2 antagonists but not H-1 antagonists. Thus, lymphocytes bearing H-2 receptors modulate MIF production and probably lymphocyte proliferation as well. Histamine did not interfere with the macrophage response to preformed MIF. These studies indicate that immediate hypersensitivity reactions involving histamine release might influence the subsequent expression of cellular-immune reactions. PMID- 59739 TI - Rosette formation between human lymphocytes and sheep erythrocytes. Inhibition of rosette formation by specific glycopeptides. AB - Rosette formation with unsensitized sheep erythrocytes is a characteristic of human thymus dependent lymphocytes. Release of glycopeptides from the sheep erythrocyte by trypsin reduces rosette formation. These tryptic glycopeptides inhibit rosette formation by untrypsinized sheep erythrocytes; this suggests that rosetting is mediated by erythrocyte surface glycopeptides. To investigate the molecular nature of this interaction, we examined the abilities of various model compounds to act as haptenic inhibitors of rosette formation. Inhibition is given by glycopeptides bearing oligosaccharide units rich in sialic acid, galactose, N acetylglucosamine, and mannose linked to asparagine residues through glycosylamine bonds. Among compounds tested, fetuin glycopeptide is most effective, but human transferrin glycopeptide and human erythrocyte glycopeptide I also inhibit rosette formation. Other compounds including human erythrocyte glycopeptide II, human IgG glycopeptide, lacto-N-neotetraose, 3'- and 6' sialyllactose show no significant inhibition. Neither sialic acid, galactose, manose, nor N-acetyl-glucosamine alone inhibits rosette formation. Stepwise degradation of fetuin glycopeptide established the galactose residues as important determinants of inhibitory activity. Fetuin glycopeptide blocks rosette formation when added to a suspension of human lymphocytes and sheep erythrocytes or when preincubated with human lymphocytes, but not when preincubated with sheep erythrocytes. Studies of the binding of [3H] fetuin glycopeptide to normal lymphocytes demonstrate 7.5 x 10(6) saturable binding sites per cell. No saturable binding of this compound to sheep erythrocyte membranes is observed. Compared to normals, lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia demonstrate decreased fetuin glycopeptide binding with a mean of 0.9 x 10(6) sites per cell. This decreased binding correlates with the impaired ability of these cells to form rosettes. The data suggest that fetuin glycopeptide inhibits rosette formation by binding to the thymus-dependent cell where competition occurs with sheep erythrocytes for specific lymphocyte surface receptors. PMID- 59740 TI - The induction of prostatic hypertrophy in the dog with androstanediol. AB - The effects of androstanediol and estradiol on prostatic growth were investigated in castrate dogs. Estrogens along resulted in no significant change in prostatic weight, whereas androstanediol produced growth comparable to that in uncastrated controls. Androstanediol plus estradiol resulted in an even more striking increase in prostate growth. Approximately half the animals receiving androstanediol alone and all of those receiving androstanediol plus estradiol fulfill the weight and histological criteria for prostatic hypertrophy in the dog. Since both these steroid hormones are presumed to be normal secretory products of the testis, it is possible that they are involved in the pathogenesis of prostatic hypertrophy in the dog. PMID- 59741 TI - Evaluation of the time spent in learning from a programed text, a slide-tape, and a lecture at six dental schools. AB - 1. Programed text and slide-tape presentations required significantly less study time than the lecture method. 2. Students of varying academic ability required approximately the same amount of study time. 3. Familiarity with self-paced study methods did not significantly affect study time. PMID- 59742 TI - [The subepidermal plexus of argyrophilic fibers in human skin]. PMID- 59743 TI - Lead contamination of the roadside ecosystem. PMID- 59744 TI - In vivo and in vitro correlates of food allergy. AB - Sera of 86 patients clinically sensitive to foods were tested by passive sensitization of human and/or monkey lung (127 tests) and the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) (72 tests), using whole-food antigens; the results were compared with skin (prick) testing. Results of the prick test correlated with history in 76% of cases; lung sensitization correlated with history in 37% and with prick test in 57%; and RAST correlated with history in 54% and prick test in 72%. It is concluded that a very large percentage of adverse reactions to foods are IgE mediated. The prick test is of use in diagnosis, particularly when combined with RAST; the lung sensitization test is technically impractical and not a reliable indicator. The best diagnostic method is careful history with food challenge and withdrawal and rechallenge; the latter is safe except in patients with a history of violent reaction. PMID- 59745 TI - Studies of the antigenicity and allergenicity of phospholipase A2 of bee venom. AB - The antigenic and allergenic properties of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and whole bee venom were compared by measuring the IgG and IgE antibody responses in animals and man. Precipitating antibodies raised in rabbits and reaginic and other antibodies raised in mice reacted about equally with both bee venom and PLA. The majority of human sera containing bee venom-specific IgE also contained PLA specific IgE, although in somewhat lower titers. Similarly, most human sera with significant amounts of total antibodies reacting with bee venom also had antibodies reacting with PLA. Histamine and SRS-a release from leukocytes of sensitive patients followed challenge with whole bee venom and PLA in the majority of instances. However, mediator release from several patients' cells was obtained with bee venom only. These studies suggest that although PLA is a major allergen and antigen in bee venom, significant exceptions in patients' reactivity may limit its potential diagnostic and therapeutic usefulness. PMID- 59746 TI - Clinical conference: Common variable immunodeficiency with pernicious anemia, asthma, and reactions to gamma globulin; treatment with plasma. PMID- 59747 TI - The effects of input condition on free recall in young and old adults. AB - Free recall lists were presented to young (17 to 19, N = 42) and old (60 to 70, N = 42) males under three conditions: (a) active auditory - subjects read words aloud; (b) passive auditory - experimenter read words aloud as shown; (c) visual only - no one read words aloud. For words from the end of a list, recall was best at the active-auditory condition and worst at the visual-only condition for both age groups. For words from the beginning of a list, recall was best at the visual only condition and worst at the active-auditory condition for both age groups. The young group recalled more words than the old at each presentation position under each condition. PMID- 59748 TI - Origin and significance of centric fusions in domestic sheep. AB - The karyotypes of 731 sheep of various breeds were studied and considered in association with previous chromosome studies of domestic sheep. A high incidence of the t2 trnslocation was found in two pedigree flocks of New Zealand Romney sheep. One of these flocks was established over 100 years ago and it is suggested that this translocation originated in the Romney Marsh breed of sheep in England. A naturally occurring double translocation heterozygote 52t1t2 was reported for the first time. A further flock of sheep of the Perendale breed was found with a high incidence of dicentric chromosome fusion that was identified as the t3 translocation. The apparently common occurrence of chromosome polymorphism, due to centric fusions, in domestic sheep is discussed in relation to karyotype evolution among both domestic and wild sheep. PMID- 59749 TI - Staining technique for definite identification of individual cattle chromosomes in routine analysis. AB - The purpose of the present communication is to draw attention to the great applicability of a recently introduced R-banding technique for definite identification of cattle chromosomes in routine analysis. Banding patterns as well as densitometric measurements of normal bull chromosomes and the so-called 1/29 translocation are demonstrated. PMID- 59773 TI - Histochemical characteristics of the striated inclusions of adrenoleukodystrophy. AB - The straited accumulations in adrenal cortical cells and brain macrophages that are characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy have been studied histochemically in cryostat sections to seek leads for the biochemical identification of the striated material. It stained pale pink with oil red O and did not stain with the Schultz cholesterol procedure or periodic acid-Schiff technique. By utilizing the birefringence of the accumulations as a marker, it was determined that, unlike natural cholesterol and cholesterol esters, the striated material was resistant to acetone and ethanol extraction. It was readily soluble, however, in nonpolar solvents such as n-hexane and chloroform. These findings indicated that the material was most probably a lipid, and they suggested that sequential extraction of adrenoleukodystrophy adrenal and brain with acetone and then n-hexane could be used to isolate this material in relatively pure form. Based on this lead, biochemical studies have just revealed a fatty acid abnormality in adrenoleukodystrophy which appears to be unique to this genetic disease. PMID- 59774 TI - X-ray microanalysis of zinc and calcium in ultrathin sections of human sperm cells using the pyroantimonate technique. AB - X-ray microanalysis of pyroantimonate-fixed sperm cells indicates the retention of calcium and zinc subcellularly in similar proportions to air dried cells. The ultrastructure is well preserved and is corelated with the analysis. Sodium, potassium and chlorine are all removed during the fixation. CAlcium and zinc are found present intracellularly both in association with and independent of antimonate precipitation. There thus appears to be a varying degree of binding of those elements subcellularly, precipitation occurring where binding is reduced. PMID- 59775 TI - Identification of cell types in semithin epoxy sections of gastric fundic mucosa. PMID- 59776 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of two varieties of low molecular weight immunoglobulin in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. AB - Two varieties of low m.w. immunoglobulins have been isolated from the serum of Rana catesbeiana frogs. They are highly cross-reactive, although each also contains unique antigenic determinants. Since both low m.w. immunoglobulins were identified in the serum of 22 individual frogs, it was concluded that they are isotypic variants. The light chains of R. catesbeiana and mammalian high and low m.w. immunoglobulins are similar in electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. The heavy chains of fropg high m.w. immunoglobulins have the mobility of mammalian mu-chains; the heavy chains of both variants of frog low m.w. immunoglobulins migrate between mammalian mu- and gamma-chains in approximately the position of mammalian alpha-chains. An unusual structural feature of the R. catesbeiana high ald low m.w. immunoglobulins is that the unreduced proteins are partially dissociated in sodium dodecyl sulfate. PMID- 59777 TI - Cross reactivity of human beta2-microglobulin with human granulocyte colony stimulating activity. AB - Effects of antisera to human beta2-microglobulin (beta2 m) on factors able to stimulate colony formation in culture by human granulopoietic progenitor cells were investigated. The colony-stimulating activity (CSA) present in media conditioned by cultures of human peripheral leukocytes was suppressed by treatment with anti-beta2m. This inhibition was not due to a direct effect on the granulopietic progenitor cells; controls to test for cytotoxicity and for noncytotoxic inhibition of the progenitor cells by anti-beta2m yielded negative results. These experiments provide evidence for a relationship between human CSA and beta-microglobulin, and suggest a possible analogy between molceules involved in the in vitro regulation of granulopoiesis and products of the major histocompatibility gene complex. PMID- 59778 TI - Cross-reactive T-cell antigens among mammalian species. AB - Fluoresceinated heteroantisera prepared against T cells of rats, monkeys, and humans were reacted withthymus and spleen cells from 11 selected species. These reagents recognized cross-reacting T cell antigen(s) among rodent species (mouse, rat, guinea pig, and hamster) and among primate species (monkey and humans). With one exception, the cross-reactivity was restricted to a phylogenetic order. All three antisera required relatively few absorptions to achieve T cell specificity for related species when compared to absorption requirements for the isologous species. Differentiation antigens within a phylogenetic order thus appear to be more homologous than other cell surface constituents on T cells. PMID- 59779 TI - Complement-mediated release of histamine from human basophils. II. Biochemical characterization of the reaction. AB - Release of histamine from human basophils was induced by activation of complement using zymosan. The histamine-releasing factor resembled C5a on the basis of m.w. (15,000) as well as previous studies showing inactivation by anti-C5. Complement induced release of histamine was compared with allergic release of histamine which is mediated through appropriate allergens and reaginic IgE. Previously we demonstrated that the former reaction occurred more quickly. Both reactions were inhibited by drugs which increase intracellular concentrations of cAMP3 (theophylline, prostaglandin E1, and histamine) or which mimic the action of cAMP (its dibutyrly derivative). Calcium was required for complement-mediated release of histamine and an increasing response was observed up to physiologic concentrations (2 mM). Magnesium (0 to 1 mM) did not affect the amount of histamine released. Also, glycolysis was probably required for optimal release by complement, since both 2-deoxyglucose and iodoacetamide were inhibitory. When basophils were partly enriched by depletion of neutrophils and eosinophils, the percentage of histamine released by complement was unchanged. Finally, it was shown that activated complement desensitized basophils from responding to a second challenge by the same stimulus. Cross-desensitization was not observed between complement and pollen allergens. PMID- 59780 TI - Studies on the genetic control of antibody affinity: the independent control of antibody levels and affinity in Biozzi mice. AB - The levels (Abt) and relative affinity (KR) of antibody produced to protein antigens injected in saline have been measured in the 22nd generation of the Biozzi high (Ab/H) and low (Ab/L) antibody-producing mice. No significant differences in affinity were observed between the two lines of mice (p 0.10) but the levels of antibody (Abt) differed significantly (p 0.0025) when immunized with antigen in saline; however, both Ab/H and Ab/L mice were able to mount a high affinity response to protein antigens injected in Freund's complete adjuvant. These results substantiate earlier observations that in mice, antibody affinity (KR) and antibody level (Abt) are under independent genetic control. PMID- 59781 TI - Cold activation of complement i. presence of coagulation-related activator. AB - Determination of the complement titer in the serum and plasm of 120 patients with chronic liver diseases showed that in eight (7%) patients with cirrhosis of the liver, chronic active or chronic inactive hepatitis complement in the serum was less than half in the plasma. The dissociation of complement serum and plasma was due to cold activation of the classical pathway of complement in vitro since serum drawn from these patients at 37 degrees C lost hemolytic activity in 4 hours when transferred to a cold environment. Neither HB antigen nor cryoglobulin participated in this phenomenon. The activation of complement in the cold could be prevented by increasing the ionic strength, or by adding vitamin E or, to a lesser extent its vehicle HCO-60, while heparin, Trasylol, soybean trypsin inhibitor, or hirudin had no effect. Trans-AMCHA prevented activation in one case. It is speculated that a factor appearing as a result of blood clotting is able to activate the classical pathway of complement in the cold; it is probably not related to Hageman factor (factor XII), factor VII, thrombin, kallikrein. PMID- 59782 TI - Analysis of the diversity of murine antibodies to dextran B1355. I. Generation of a larger, pauci-clonal response by a bacterial vaccine. AB - Mice immunized with a combination of dextran B1355 in adjuvant followed by three injections of 2 x 10(9) Escherichia coli B organisms produced an average of 14.5 mg/ml of anti-dextran antibodies. It was demonstrated that the stimulating effect of E. coli B was due to antigenic determinants cross-reactive with B1355 and not solely because of adjuvant properties of the organism. The anti-dextran antibodies were distributed among both 7S and 19S components. Isoelectric focusing of the 7S antibodies showed several spectrotypes of antibody, most of which were shared by the majority of the individual sera. The limited spectrotypic heterogeneity of the 7S antibodies was supported by idiotypic studies. Thus, a heterologous, anti-idiotypic serum, rabbit anti-M104, was prepared which distinguished between two closely related myeloma proteins, M104 and J558,with specificity for alpha-(1 leads to 3) dextran. This antiserum demonstrated that some, but not all, of the 7S and 19S anti-dextran antibodies possessed variable region determinants cross-reactive with M104. PMID- 59783 TI - Histamine release by chemotactic, formyl methionine-containing peptides. AB - Certain formyl dipeptides and tripeptides containing methionine released histamine from human basophils at concentrations of 10(-4) to 10(-7) M. However, N-formyl amino acids did not release histamine. Tripeptides, in general, were more active than dipeptides. An acyl group was required for histamine release although an N-terminal position for Met was not essential. Histamine release from human basophils by these peptides correlated well with their chemotactic activity for rabbit leukocytes. PMID- 59784 TI - Recruitment of effector lymphocytes by initiator lymphocytes. Recruited lymphocytes are immunospecific and include graft-versus-host-reactive lymphocytes. AB - We have shown previously that initiator T lymphocytes (ITL), sensitized in vitro against fibroblast antigens, recruit effector T cells in vivo. After injection into hind footpads of syngeneic recipients, sensitized ITL migrated to the draining popliteal lymph nodes (PLN) and activated a trapping mechanism by which circulating lymphocytes were recruited in the PLN. This paper reports experiments designed to test the immunospecificity of these recruited T lymphocytes (RTL). We found that immunospecific RTL were depleted from other lymphoid organs during recruitment in the PLN. However, immunospecific ITL were not depleted from spleens during PLN recruitment. Thus ITL and RTL are functionally distinguishable. We show that specific GVH reactive lymphocytes were also lost from spleens and distal lymph nodes during trapping of RTL in the PLN. Thus, the trapping phase of the recruitment response is immunospecific, as are the sensitization and effector phases. The trapped RTL are antigen-specific, and include the pool of GVH-reactive-lymphocytes committed to the same alloantigen. Thus, it appears that GVH-reactive cells respond to syngeneic ITL sensitized against allogeneic fibroblasts. PMID- 59785 TI - Immune response of the mouse to the major core protein (p30) of ecotropic leukemia viruses. AB - Sera from normal C57BL/6 mice contained low titers of antibodies against proteins of MuLV. Sera from C57BL/6 mice that were immunized with allogeneic leukemia cells sometimes contained high-titered antibodies against the p15 protein of MuLV; these antibodies detected group-specific antigenic determinants of the p15 protein, since reactions were observed with the p15 proteins of both AKR and Moloney viruses. In contrast, antisera prepared in C57BL/6 mice against the AKR leukemia K36 reacted strongly with the p30 protein of MuLV, as well as with p15. Antibodies in the C57BL/6 anti-AKR K36 sera detected group-specific antigenic determinants of the p30 protein; reactions were observed with the C57BL/6 anti AKR K36 serum and the p30 proteins of both AKR and Moloney viruses. It was concluded that mice do have the capacity to respond immunologically to antigenic determinants of the MuLV p30 protein, although in most circumstances this is not observed. PMID- 59786 TI - Defective release of eosinophil chemotactic factor from peripheral leukocytes in patients with chronic urticaria. AB - Release of eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) and histamine was studied peripheral leukocytes of 16 normal and 12 ragweed allergic volunteers and compared to 15 patients with chronic urticaria. Cells were exposed to varying concentrations of anti-IgE or to ragweed antigen E in the case of allergic donors. Twelve of 15 patients with chronic urticaria showed defective release of ECF as well as histamine, while almost all normal and all allergic donors were able to release larger quantities of both mediators. Since the eosinophil is thought to have a modulating effect at sites of inflammation induced by anaphylactic mechanisms, the defective release of a factor attracting these cells may explain the persistence of symptoms in chronic urticaria. PMID- 59787 TI - Influenza virus subunit vaccines. II. Immunogenicity and original antigenic sin in humans. AB - Subunit vaccines containing hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and nucleocapsids of A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2) influenza virus were prepared after treatment of purified virus with ammonium deoxycholate. The immunogenicity of these subunits and the response to the common and specific antigenic determinants on the hemagglutinin subunits were studied in man. The subunits were as immunogenic in man as intact inactivated influenza virus vaccine at an equivalent concentration. Booster doses of antigen did not increase the antibody responses. Intact influenza B virus vaccine did not potentiate the immune response to the type A subunits in man. Volunteers responded differently to the common and specific determinants on the hemagglutinin subunits. The predominant antibody response was to the common or cross-reacting determinants present on hemagglutinins of both A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) and Port Chalmers/73 virus. Some men who failed to produce specific antibodies to the hemagglutinin of Port Chalmers/73 virus responded to the specific determinants on the Hong Kong/68 hemagglutinin. Higher doses of the subunit vaccines (1,400 chick cell-agglutinating units) did induce antibodies to the specific determinants on the Port Chalmers/73 virus hemagglutinin as well as to the common and specific determinants on Hong Kong/68 influenza virus. PMID- 59788 TI - Mechanism of escape, extrasystolic, and parasystolic arrhythmias. Study on an electrical analogue. AB - A simple analogue of the heart consisting of a system of neon relaxation oscillators is presented. The analogue may display rhythm patterns similar to sinus rhythm, escape rhythm, isorrhythmic dissociation with synchronization, atrial extrasystoles, ventricular extrasystoles, and parasystole. The strict rules followed by these arrhythmias, as well as the deviations from the rules commonly followed by the equivalent heart arrhythmias, may be easily reproduced on the analogue. Such features are the Treppe phenomenon and captured beats in escape rhythm, fixed coupling intervals in extrasystoles, partial or complete atrioventricular block in very premature atrial extrasystoles, prolongation of the period following an atrial extrasystole, interpolated premature beats, complete compensatory pause and the rule of bigeminy in ventricular extrasystoles, slight instability of the parasystolic period, multiple length parasystolic periods slightly different from the exact multiples of the parasystolic idioperiod, preference of the parasystoles for certain phase in the sinus cycle, synchronization at a phase difference and fluctuation repeatedly and without interruption from a parasystolic to an extrasystolic rhythm and synchronization in escape rhythm with isorrhythmic dissociation. The mechanisms involved in these phenomena are discussed in detail. The striking similarity between the properties of the cardiac pacemakers and those of the relaxation oscillators on the one hand and betwen the rhythm patterns of the heart and those of the analogue on the other may permit the hypothesis that the mechanisms operating in the analogue may be used in analyzing and understanding heart arrhythmias. PMID- 59789 TI - Proceedings: Enigmatic binding of corticosterone to protein in cytosols of human benign prostatic hypertrophy tissue. PMID- 59790 TI - Humoral immune responses in Rana catesbiana frogs and tadpoles. AB - Rana catesbiana adult frogs and tadpoles were immunized with the bacteriophage F2, 0X-174, and T4 and the haptens 2,4 dinitrophenyl (DNP) and fluorescein (FTC). The haptens were conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), bovine gamma globulin (BGG), or horsehoe crab hemocyanin (Hycn). Sera were obtained from immunized animals at invervals up to six months after immunization. The antibody activities were measured by bacteriophage neutralization techniques. Sucrose density gradients were used to separate the antibody classes. Both adults and tadpoles responded to each of the antigens tested. High molecular weight antibodies were predominant in both groups of animals. Low molecular weight antibody activity was not found in adults until nine weeks post immunization but, thereafter, this fraction increased throughout the immune response. Low molecular weight antibodies could also be identified in serum of tadpoles, but only under certain conditions. PMID- 59791 TI - Stepwise dissociation of high molecular weight avian myeloblastosis virus RNA: 30 40S RNA subunits--the best natural template-primer for viral reverse transcriptase. AB - Controlled disruption of 60S AMV RNA with formamide was used to prepare 50-55S and 30-40S RNAS. When the activities of these RNAs as templates for AMV reverse transcriptase were compared it was found that 50-55S RNA was 1-5 times and 30-40S RNA 2 to 3 times more active than 60S RNA. The 30-40S RNA produced by heating, instead of formamide disruption, was inactive as a template but activity was restored by addition of oligo(dT). 40% of the 4S RNA initially associated with the 60S RNA remained associated with all the RNA species obtained by formamide treatment but was lost on heating. It is concluded that this RNA acts as resident primer whereas the other 60% of the 4S RNA is less firmly bound and appears to have little or no primer activity. Removal of the less firmly bound 4S RNA increases the template activity of the viral RNA. PMID- 59792 TI - Hepatitis B antigen: IgG components shown by immune electron microscopy. AB - Immune complexes could be formed with hepatitis B Ag and anti-IgG serum after treatment of the antigen with detergent, CsCl or glycerol, but not before. It is suggested that an antigenic determinant specifically reacting with anti-IgG forms an integral part of hepatitis B Ag. This determinant is ordinarily obscured in the undamaged antigen. PMID- 59793 TI - Staining methods for an electron microscopic analysis of Golgi impregnated nervous tissue and a demonstration of the synaptic distribution upon pulvinar neurons. AB - A Golgi impregnation method was modified for electron microscopy by reducing the time of the staining period. An acceptable level of the ultrastructural preservation was produced in several species of animals. Various methods were examined for removing the dense silver precipitate in order to show organelles in the stained neurons. Some methods for identifying particular parts of stained neurons in electron microscopy were also investigated by observing a sectioned block under an incident light microscope. The Golgi-EM method was applied to a study of the pulvinar nucleus in the rhesus monkey in order to demonstrate the usefulness and the limits of the method. Three neurons were studied, and at least four types of terminals (RL, F1, F2 and RS) were found synapsing on them. The distribution pattern of each type of terminal was determined upon the three neurons. PMID- 59794 TI - Micropipette recording from human striated muscle. PMID- 59795 TI - Visual pattern evoked responses and blink reflexes in assessment of MS diagnosis. A clinical study of 135 multiple sclerosis/pathol. AB - VEPs were measured after pattern reversal in 135 MS patients and 30 control subjects. Neurological findings were documented in a standard manner. An extensive ophthalmological examination of all subjects was part of the study. The latency of P2 was abnormally delayed in 82% of the "definite", in 60% of the "probable" and in 65% of the "possible" MS groups respectively. The VEP was more often delayed in relation to ophthalmological disturbances. Changes in the MS classification had to be made in more than 10% of the patients, due to delay of VEP latency. These were patients with a "spinal" form of MS, which is known to create diagnostic problems. Optically and electrically evoked blink reflexes were recorded in 107 MS patients. All patients with mesencephalic lesions had delayed responses of the optically evoked reflex. 74% of the patients with caudal brainstem lesions had delayed latencies of the components of the electrically evoked blink reflex. The blink reflex was delayed in 18 additional patients without brainstem signs. The possibility of delineating clinically silent brainstem lesions by investigating blink reflexes is discussed. PMID- 59796 TI - Leucocyte migration inhibition in myasthenia gravis. The effect of thymectomy. AB - Cellular hypersensitivity in myasthenia gravis (MG) to the thymus, muscles and peripheral nerves was examined by the method of the leucocyte migration inhibition test. The group of MG patients without thymoma had inhibition of leucocyte migration by thymus antigens. After thymectomy, they had a normal value of leucocyte migration. However, in the group of MG patients with thymoma, the inhibition of leucocyte migration by thymus antigens was observed after thymectomy. No significant inhibition of leucocyte migration was observed using muscle and peripheral nerve antigens. Cellular immunity in myasthenia gravis and the pathogenesis of the disease was discussed. PMID- 59797 TI - Measurement of diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital by enzyme immunoassay and gas liquid chromatography. AB - A new enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) was compared with Kupferberg's gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) for the determination of diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital. 116 plasma samples of patients with epilepsy were examined simultaneously by EMIT and GLC. The precision of repeated determinations was similar for both procedures. There was good agreement between the EMIT and GLC results. The rapid and precise analysis, made possible by the EMIT system, is useful for the treatment of epilepsies. PMID- 59798 TI - The fatty acid composition of major glycosphingolipids (cerebrosides and sulfatides) in human cerebral white matter measured by a simple micromethod. AB - A micromethod for the investigation of the fatty acid composition of myelin glycosphingolipids (cerebrosides and sulfatides) suitable for general application in the investigation of neurological disorders, especially demyelinating diseases, is presented. Using the lipids extracted from 1 g of material these are freed of phospholipids by Florisil column chromatography and separated by thin layer chromatography into 2 cerebroside and sulfatide fractions which are analyzed individually. The results obtained from the white matter of 13 normal adult brains are distributed within a narrow range which is most pronounced for the group of long chain fatty acids. Our results also agree with those quoted from literature. PMID- 59799 TI - [Neurological and psychiatric disorders following acute arsine poisoning (author's transl)]. AB - Follow-up study of 6 workers, who after survival of an acute arsine poisoning, developed psychopathologic and neurologic abnormalities. The symptoms appeared after a latency of 1 to 6 months indicating a toxic polyneuropathy and a mild psycho-organic syndrome. The severity of these reversible manifestations was directly related to the period of time of exposure to arsine. The clinical picture of arsine polyneuropathy was similar to that observed in arsenic poisoning, suggesting that arsine polyneuropathy is due to the action of arsenic. The psychopathologic syndrome corresponds to the so-called "Vergiftungsspatfolgesyndrom" and therefore does not appear to be a specific sequel of arsine poisoning. PMID- 59800 TI - Subclinical multiple sclerosis. PMID- 59801 TI - Pineal apoplexy associated with anticoagulant therapy. Case report. AB - A case is presented with the acute development of a pineal region syndrome secondary to hemorrhage into a pineal cyst in a patient who was under anticoagulant therapy. Resolution of the symptoms and signs followed excision of the lesion. PMID- 59802 TI - Orthopantomographic assessment of the width of attached gingiva. PMID- 59803 TI - [Relationships between conformation of antigen and specificity of antibody in radioimmunoassay for steroid hormone. II. Synthesis of 6-hydroxytestosterone 6 hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin conjugates (author's transl)]. PMID- 59804 TI - Histamine release by exocytosis from rat mast cells on reduction of extracellular sodium: a secretory response inhibited by calcium, strontium, barium or magnesium. AB - 1. Histamine release from peritoneal mast cells of the rat was stimulated when the cells were exposed for 10 min to sodium-deficient media where all NaCl had been replaced by KC1, RbC1, glucose, sucrose, mannitol, or Tris, provided calcium was less than about 0-5 mM. 2. Light and electron microscopy showed the response to be exocytosis. 3. The chelating agents, EDTA and EGTA, abolished the response to sodium lack and their inhibitory effects were reversed by re-incubating cells with calcium but not magnesium. 4. The response was inhibited by dinitrophenol combined with glucose-deprivation. 5. The response was inversely related to the concentrations of sodium and calcium below 137-5 and 0-5 mM respectively. 6. The related alkaline earth metals, barium, strontium, and magnesium, resembled calcium in inhibiting the response to sodium lack. 7. No secretory response was seen when the cells were exposed for 10 min to calcium-free medium in which lithium replaced sodium. Exposure to this medium for 60 min, however, elicited secretion. 8. It is concluded that when extracellular calcium is low, a reduction in extracellular sodium induces a conventional exocytotic secretory response dependent on energy and cellular calcium. It is suggested that sodium lack may mobilize calcium from a cellular site possibly the inner aspect of the plasma membrane. PMID- 59805 TI - Mental health nursing consultation: a study of expectations. AB - Psychiatric nurses working in the field of mental health consultation to medical surgical nursing units may find it useful to become more fully aware of what is expected of the mental health nurse consultant role and how they can best meet these expectations in their individual situations and setting. This study demonstrated that the medical-surgical nurses in one hospital do have specific expectations for the role of the mental health nurse consultant. To fulfill these expectations the mental health nurse consultant should identify her role in light of the above findings and attempt to integrate her job within the boundaries set forth by her hospital, the nursing team with whom she is working, and the patient's needs. PMID- 59806 TI - The effect of nursing intervention on a program of behavior modification by parents in the home. AB - The purpose of the study was to determine if nursing intervention affects a program of behavior modification for neurologically impaired children carried out by parents in the home. Nine neurologically impaired subjects between the ages of two and four years were selected for programs of behavior modification by their parents at home. The nine subjects were randomly divided into an experimental and control group. The groups were generally matched for age and socioeconomic status. The four subjects in the experimental group were visited bi-weekly for a two-month period after the initial program was set up with changes, assessments and/or alterations made in the programs as necessary. The five subjects in the control group were visited at the beginning of the study to establish the programs of behavior modification the parents would implement. This group was not revisited until the end of the two-month period. The findings indicated a marked change in the subjects of the experimental group. This difference was significant on the basis of Wilcoxin Matched Pairs p. greater than .00003. In the control group only one child had any appreciable change in the specific target behavior, and it was not the desired goal. PMID- 59807 TI - Chromosome structure and chromosome banding. PMID- 59808 TI - Chromosome banding techniques. PMID- 59809 TI - Analysis of human chromosome structure, replication of repair using BrdU-33258 Hoechst techniques. PMID- 59810 TI - Functional heterogeneity of macrophages in the induction and expression of acquired immunity. PMID- 59811 TI - Observations on the production of frozen-dried thin sections for electron microscopy using unfixed fresh liver, fast-frozen without cryoprotectants. AB - Thin sections of unfixed liver, fast-frozen without cryoprotectants, have been cut using conditions under which momentary thawing of the sections is unlikely to occur. A transfer stage which facilitates this procedure is described. Sections show hole damage probably due to ice-crystal formation during the freezing process and have well defined edges, but despite hole damage, some morphological features of the cell are discernible. Presumptive mitochondria appear smaller in frozen sections than in conventional Araldite sections. Sections devoid of hole damage have indistinct edges and are presumed to have undergone transient thawing. Carbon coating of freeze-dried sections to exclude atmospheric moisture during transference of sections to the electron microscope (EM) appear unnecessary as regards preservation of morphological structure. The results are discussed in relation to the limitations of the method and the potential value of the technique. PMID- 59812 TI - Serum-soluble malarial antigens and immune complex nephritis in Plasmodium berghei berghei infected mice. AB - Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei berghi showed the serum soluble malarial antigen and antibody on day 10 of infection onward. Immune complex nephritis in these mice developed on the seventh day after inoculation. The infected kidneys revealed the deposition of mouse gamma globulin, mouse beta1C globulin and malaria antigen along the capillary wall of the glomeruli. Proteinuria was detected on seventh day of infection. Serum-soluble malaria antigen in probably responsible for forming the soluble immune complex which causes glomerulonephritis in infected mice. PMID- 59813 TI - Intercellular junctions of oral epithelium. I. Studies with freeze-fracture and tracing methods of normal rat keratinized oral epithelium. PMID- 59814 TI - Early synthesis of Semliki Forest virus-specific proteins in infected chicken cells. AB - Cells preinfected with fowl plague virus followed by treatment with actinomycin D are a suitable system for studying early protein synthesis in cells infected with Semliki forest virus. One and one-half hours after superinfection, three new nonstructural proteins (NVP) were detected: NVP 145, NVP, 112, and NVP 65. They appeared in parallel with a low incorporation of mannose at the beginning of the infectious cycle. Behavior on chasing suggested a precursor relationship of NVP 112 to the envelope glycoproteins. Two kinds of NVP 65 are described, both of which are varieties of NVP 68 with an incomplete mannose content. One type, detected early after infection, was converted into NVP 68 by supplementary glycosylation. The second, late type was stable. It contains fucose and resembles the NVP 65 observed after impairment of glycosylation. The mechanism of NVP 68 glycosylation is discussed. The presence of the complete carbohydrate moiety is crucial for the cleavage of NVP 68 into the envelope proteins E2 and E3 and, thus, for virus maturation. Only the complete form of NVP 68 was precipitated by envelope-specific antisera. A large production of NVP 78 is a further feature of the early events in infected cells. It is not related to the structural proteins. PMID- 59815 TI - Effect of passage in culture on a clone of BALB/c 3T3 cells transformed by simian virus 40. AB - Most simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed BALB/c 3T3 clones employed for biochemical studies have been used without regard to passage level. To determine whether virus-induced properties are stable as a function of passage, we have extensively characterized one transformed clone, FNE, which was isolated after SV40 infection BALB/c 3T3 cells in factor-free medium. From the initial testing at passage 5 and for at least 50 subsequent subcultures, the cells stably maintained many transformed growth properties, including high saturation density, morphology, colony formation on contact-inhibited monolayers, tumorigenicity, and synthesis of viral-specific RNA. However, other properties varied as a function of passage. There was a slight decrease in viral genome equivalents per cell from 1.1 copy/cell at passage 5 to 0.7 copies at passage 40. Initially, the cells were negative for all type C virus; however, cells carried at low density for 13 to 20 passages (65 to 100 generations) began to release an endogenous type C virus that then persisted in the culture. Spontaneous release of type C virus did not occur in control BALB/c 3T3 cells carried under identical culture conditions for 90 passages. When the cultures were releasing type C viruses they stained uniformly and brightly positive for SV40 tumor (T) antigen by immunofluorescence, whereas T antigen staining was variable at early passage. These experiments suggest that subtle but perhaps important differences in viral gene expression can occur as a function of passage; they also demonstrate the importance of evaluating the interactions between SV40 and endogenous type C viruses. PMID- 59816 TI - Naturally occurring murine leukemia viruses in wild mice: characterization of a new "amphotropic" class. AB - A new class of murine leukemia viruses, isolated from wild Mus musculus trapped in California, is described. These viruses, designated "amphotropic," replicate in mouse, rabbit, mink, human, guinea pig, and rat cells, but not in hamster, quail, or duck cells. They show N-tropism for mouse cells, and do not trigger the XC cell response. They are distinct by interference and virus neutralization testing from the previously recognized mouse-tropic and xenotropic MuLV classes. Mouse-tropic viruses occuring along with three of the four amphotropic isolates were found to be distinguishable by virus neutralization from other mouse-tropic murine leukemia virus strains of laboratory mouse origin. PMID- 59817 TI - Sequence homology between Moloney murine sarcoma virus and Moloney leukemia virus RNA. AB - The Moloney murine sarcoma-leukemia virus [M-MSV (MuLV)], propagated at high multiplicity of infection (MOI), was demonstrated previously to contain a native genome mass of 4 X 10(6) daltons as contrasted to a mass of 7 X 10(6) daltons for Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV). The 4 X 10(6)-dalton classof RNA from M MSV (MuLV) was examined for base sequence homology with DNA complementary to the 7 X 10(6)-dalton M-MuLV RNA genome. Approximately 86% of the M-MSV (MuLV) was protected from RNase digestion by hybridization, whereas 95% of M-MuLV was protected under identical conditions. These results indicate that the small RNA class of high-MOI M-MSV (MuLV) contains little (perhaps 10%) genetic information not present in M-MuLV. Virtually all of the 1.8 X 10(6)-dalton subunits of M-MSV (MuLV) RNA contained regions of poly(A) since 94% of the RNA bound to oligo(dT) cellulose in 0.5 M KCl. This suggests that the formation of the 1.8 X 10(6) dalton subunits occurs before their packaging into virions and does not result from hydrolysis of intact 3.5 X 10(6)-dalton subunits by a virion-associated nuclease. PMID- 59818 TI - The value of palliative spinal surgery in metastatic urogenital tumors. AB - There were 22 patients with vertebral metastases and impending neurologic damage from prostatic, vesical and renal cell carcinoma treated by decompressive laminectomy combined with local radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The neurological recovery was complete in the prostatic carcinoma patients (10 of 10), partial in the vesical carcinoma patients (2 of 5) and unsatisfactory in the renal cell carcinoma patients (1 of 7). PMID- 59819 TI - Phyllodes type of atypical prostatic hyperplasia. AB - A prostatic lesion characterized by atypical epithelial hyperplasia and pleomorphism of the stromal elements is presented. The features bear a strong resemblance to cystosarcoma phyllodes of the female breast and probably represent a comparable lesion. Such atypical hyperplasia has not been described previously. PMID- 59820 TI - Analgesic cystitis: an unusual microangiopathy of the bladder. AB - A brownish discoloration of the bladder mucosa around the ureteral orifices has been observed on cystoscopic examination in 3 patients taking excessive quantities of analgesics. Biopsy revealed an unusual degree of hyalinization of the capillary walls in the submucosa. PMID- 59821 TI - Accuracy of preoperative estimation of resection weight in transurethral prostatectomy. AB - In a prospective study of 150 consecutive transurethral resections of the prostate gland the preoperative estimate of gland weight was compared to the actual resected weight. The data revealed a wide variation between estimated and actual weight in all size glands. PMID- 59822 TI - Treatment of today's scabies and pediculosis. PMID- 59823 TI - Larval papule as a sign of scabies. PMID- 59824 TI - Anaphylactoid reaction to single-component pork insulin. PMID- 59825 TI - Inferior vena cava obstruction in Whipple disease. Association with retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. PMID- 59826 TI - Proceedings: Electron microscopic study of vascular changes in SHR. II. Hyaline and fibrinoid degenerations of the blood vessels in the brain. PMID- 59827 TI - [Effect of mercuric chloride on stainability and deformity of histologic tissue specimen fixed with Zenker-formalin solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 59828 TI - [Etiology of cardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 59829 TI - Effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on anti-trinitrophenyl antibody-producing cells. Nonspecific modification of the affinity at the cellular level. AB - The effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) direct plaque forming cells (PFC) in the spleen of mice and the affinity of antibodies produced by these PFC were examined. Simultaneous injection of bacterial LPS and TNP coupled sheep red blood cells(SRBC) induced an obvious increase in anti-TNP PFC numbers and heightened the antibody affinity at cellular levels. The higher the doses of LPS, the greater the effects. Concomitant injection of LPS in TNP coupled homologous mouse red blood cells (MRBC) also elicited good anti-TNP PFC response and slightly heightened the affinity. Priming with LPS and SRBC together 7 days prior to immunization did not enhance the anti-TNP PFC response and it was difficult to alter the affinity. Preinjection with small amounts of TNP-MRBC or rabbit red blood cells and LPS simultaneously did not induce any significant increase in anti-TNP PFC secondary response after reimmunization with TNP-SRBC, but obviously heightened the antibody affinity. Injection of LPS simultaneously with the secondary immunization was effective for both the anti-TNP PFC response and the alteration of antibody affinity. These results suggest that LPS affects the control mechanisms of anti-TNP antibody affinity via the non-thymus-derived helper cell function, and the adjuvant action and alteration of antibody affinity induced by LPS are regulated by different mechanisms. PMID- 59830 TI - Interaction of human Waldenstrom's IgM proteins with guinea pig and human complement. AB - The activity of purified human Waldenstrom's IgM protein to fix complement of human and guinea pig origins was compared at different temperatures using the polystyrene latex particle-adsorption method. It was shown that the interaction of the IgM proteins with complement differed depending on the source of complement and that a pronounced heterogeneity in complement-fixing activity was observed among the IgM proteins when tested with guinea pig complement. Thus, by the use of guinea pig complement, six human IgM proteins examined were classified roughly into two groups, one having a high and the other a low activity at 3 C as well as at 37 degrees C. With human complement, five proteins showed a rather uniform activity at 37 degrees C. However, there was one protein with no detectable activity, suggesting the presence of non-complement-fixing protein in the IgM class. All the six proteins showed no significant activity with human complement at 3 C. No antigenic difference has been found as yet in the Fc or Cmu2 region among these IgM proteins examined. PMID- 59832 TI - [Routine activities of the surgical department and understanding of patients]. PMID- 59831 TI - Immunochemical studies on bacterial blood group substances. VIII. The structure of oligosaccharides from blood group H-active polysaccharide of Escherichia coli 2B-V. AB - Blood group H-active polysaccharide has been prepared from "smooth" strain Escherichia coli 2B-V by Freeman's method, alpha-Fucosidase derived from Bacillus fluminans caused the liberation of fucose from this polysaccharide, together with concomitant loss of blood group H activity. The results of quantitative microanalysis, borohydride reduction, the Morgan-Elson reaction and enzymic hydrolysis with betagalactosidase using isolated oligosaccharides obtained by partial acid hydrolysis indicated that the O-specific side chain of the polysaccharide has a pentassaccharide unit which is beta-D-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-D GalNAc-(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNAc-Fuc with a D-glucose residue bound at some undetermined point on this structure. It was considered that terminal non reducing fucose of the polysaccharide was liberated by partial acid hydrolysis. PMID- 59833 TI - [Diagnostic importance of visken -- an adrenergic beta receptor blocking agent]. AB - Among the newest beta-blocking agents visken is the one that either produces no or very little adverse inotropic effect. In some groups of patients with organic and neurotic cardiac disorders, screened as a result of a careful clinical examination, changes that occurred on the ECG with 12 leads following an intake of a single visken tablet (5 mg) were studied. Ingestion of visken was not seen to bring any improvement in the ECG findings in 88 per cent of 50 patients with organic disorders, most of whom had sclerosis of the coronary arteries and hypertensive disease attended by a high diastolic pressure. A thorough clinical examination of 70 patients presenting neurotic conditions helped to rule out any organic cardiac lesions, and in them the diastolic pressure did not exceed 95 mm Hg. The visken test showed that in 91 per cent of these cases the ECG returned back to normal and only in 1.5 per cent of them no changes could be observed. In both of the above groups the effect of visken was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). Repolarization derangements in the I and II leads among patients with organic lesions was observed 4 times as often as in the II and III leads. Among neurotic patients changes recorded in the II and III leads were twice as frequent as in the I and II leads. PMID- 59834 TI - Hypothalamic neurons secreting vasopressin and neurophysin. PMID- 59835 TI - Imitation: a closer look. AB - This paper explores the effectiveness of elicited imitation in clinical assessment and remediation procedures. A critical review of the literature dealing with the role of elicited imitation in language acquisition as well as the use of elicited imitation clinically is presented. Conclusions drawn from the review indicated that the effectiveness of employing elicited imitation for assessment and remediation purposes is not clearly defined. PMID- 59836 TI - RNA tumor virus-like activities in human solid tissues: endogenous RNA:DNA polymerase activities in the prostate. AB - Several human prostatic tissues have been examined for possible particles and associated DNA polymerizing activity generally associated with the C-type RNA tumor virus family. Partially purified tissue extracts, when centrifuged to equilibrium in sucrose gradients, yield fractions which contain actinomycin D resistant, endogenous DNA polymerase activity; this activity bands at a density of 1.15-1.18 gm/cm3. Further analysis of the endogenous products by sucrose gradient sedimentation suggested the presence of high molecular weight RNA:DNA hybrids generally felt to be indicative of a faithful copy of a lengthy stretch of viral specific RNA. However, most of the DNA products synthesized in these endogenous reactions sedimented in much lower molecular weight regions of these sucrose gradients. Clearly, the relative distributions of "high" and "low" molecular weight products could critically depend on the nuclease content of the subcellular fraction under study, and the prostate may be relatively enriched in nucleases. Further, oligo (dT) stimulated the endogenous DNA polymerase activity contained in these extracts, and omission of one of the DNA precursor nucleotides depressed it. Thus, it seems unlikely that terminal transferase activity, rather than genuine DNA polymerization, was being measured primarily. Because of the spectrum of molecular weight classes formed by these DNA:RNA hybrids, as well as their apparent presence in normal prostatic tissue, we find it difficult to ascribe their presence with certainty either to the presence of typical C-type RNA viruses or to the exclusive behavior of the neoplastic prostatic tissue. Thus, our studies lend support to the growing evidence for functions similar to those of C-type RNA viruses being relatively widespread in human tissues without the apparent necessity for a possible etiologic role in neoplastic production (Strand and August, 1974; Sherr et al., 1974). At the same time, our current studies emphasize the need for caution in drawing conclusions from results utilizing probes generally felt quite useful in scoring for presence of virus in lower animals at least in the human prostate. PMID- 59837 TI - On the molecular embrace of bleomycin with helical DNA. PMID- 59838 TI - A teaching model of the ankle and foot. PMID- 59839 TI - MASPA--an exercise in cooperation. PMID- 59840 TI - The Philips PIP system in a self-instructional first-year zoology course. PMID- 59841 TI - Two Perspex working models for use with the overhead projector to illustrate the actions of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx. PMID- 59842 TI - Chemotherapy of the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. PMID- 59843 TI - New antineoplastic drugs and their proper use. PMID- 59844 TI - [Juvenile hyalin fibromatosis]. AB - The focal lesions of the skin and mucosae of this rare disease, that has been described as juvenile hyalin fibromatosis, are initially in moderately elevated plaques, that evolve to form nodules in the dermis. The fundamental defect, possibly of autosomal recessive inheritance, is a disturbance in the metabolism of the mucosaccharides. There is an accumulation, both intracellularly, in membrane-limited vacuoles, and extra-cellulary, of fibrilar glycoprotein complexes, the saccharides of which are both neutral and acidic, non-sulfated and sulfated. The material accumulated in the interstitium has hyalin aspect and is poorer in sulfated mucosaccharides than the intracellular vacuoles. The defect manifests itself primarily in the mesenchymal perviascular cells, leading to their proliferation. PMID- 59845 TI - Malignant histiocytic reticulosis. Effect of bleomycin by intra-arterial route. Report of a case. AB - A case of malignant histiocytary lymphoma treated with Bleomycyn in a 78 year old patient is reported. The results were good but not durable. PMID- 59846 TI - [Determination of B lymphocytes: immunofluorescence and peroxidase dyes (preliminary note)]. AB - A determination of the lymphocyte levels in blood and cutaneous infiltrates of 60 patients complaining of different dermatoses were carried out by the authors. The method used in the experience was that of Preud'homme and Flandrin (1974). In most of the investigated cases the results could be considered as normal (8-22%). In one case of actinic reticuloid and 2 cases of plane xanthoma with photosensitivity the levels were considerably raised. The authors belleve that the B-lymphocytes determination could be worth investigation in the photosensitive dermatoses. PMID- 59847 TI - [Prognosis of stomach neoplasms can be improved]. PMID- 59848 TI - An outbreak of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in north-western Afghanistan. AB - Following a 2-year period of severe drought a very large number of patients with massive ascites and emaciation were observed in north-western Afghanistan. Clinicopathological study showed that these were typical cases of hepatic veno occlusive disease. The outbreak was caused by consumption of bread made from wheat contiminated with seeds of Heliotropium plants, which were shown to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Examination of 7200 inhabitants from the affected villages showed evidence of liver disease in 22.6%. Clinical improvement was observed in thirteen cases after 3 to 9 months of supportive hospital treatment, and in three cases liver biopsies showed almost complete disappearance of initial abnormalities. PMID- 59849 TI - An epidemic of veno-occlusive disease of liver in central India. AB - An outbreak of veno-occlusive disease which was probably caused by consumption of cereals mixed with seeds of a plant (Crotalaria sp.) containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids occurred in the Sarguja district of India in November-December 1975. 42% of the 67 recorded cases died. PMID- 59850 TI - Bromocriptine and levodopa (with or without carbidopa) in parkinsonism. AB - Bromocriptine, a dopamine receptor agonist, was administered to 20 patients with idiopathic parkinsonism taking levodopa (L-dopa) or "Sinemet" (levodopa combined with carbidopa in a 10/1 ratio) at optimum doses. In a double-blind randomised cross-over study lasting 6 months, the addition of bromocriptine (mean daily dose 79 mg) led to a significant (P less than 0.01) 74% reduction in the dose of sinemet and levodopa. "Total disability score" showed a significant (P less than 0.01) improvement at both low and high doses of bromocriptine. Tremor improved 50% (P less than 0.01), with significant improvements in gait, posture, writing, balance, rigidity, finger dexterity, and drooling. Adverse reactions were similar to those observed with sinemet and levodopa. Although both the cause and the cure of idiopathic parkinsonism remain elusive, bromocriptine appears to represent a therapeutic advance. PMID- 59851 TI - Persistent gastrointestinal bleeding due to angiodysplasia of the gut in von Willebrand's disease. AB - Gastronintestinal vascular dysplasia as a cause of persistently recurring melaena is reported in two patients with von Willebrand's disease. Colonic wall vasculature was affected in one patient, the abnormality being demonstrated both radiologically and at operative hemicolectomy undertaken to control bleeding. Abnormalities in the vasculature of the duodenal and jejunal walls were found in the second patient at operation and necropsy, though not demonstrated by angiography. PMID- 59852 TI - A symptomatic discriminant to identify recurrent ulcer in patients with dysperpsia after gastric surgery. AB - A questionnaire has been completed by 99 patients referred for investigation of symptoms after gastric operations. The replies were analysed in an attempt to distinguish patients with a recurrent peptic ulcer from those with no recurrent ulcer. All cases were investigated by barium meal, endoscopy, and oral cholecystography. All recurrent ulcers were confirmed by reoperation and patients with gastric carcinoma, gallstones, or symptomatic hiatus hernia were excluded. The study was retrospective in 40 patients in whom the diagnosis was already confirmed when the questionnaire was analysed and prospective in 59 in whom the diagnosis was originally unknown. The replies were analysed with (a) a small computer using Bayes' theorem, (b) weighted tables, and (c) a discriminant analysis. The computer prediction of the prospective data was 85% accurate. The results of simpler methods were almost as good as the computer prediction, and questions related only to the severity of pain and vomiting accurately distinguished recurrent ulcer from other causes of dyspepsia in 81% of patients. PMID- 59853 TI - Prognostic significance of inappropriate production of pregnancy proteins by breast cancers. AB - 50 cases of cancer of the breast (diagnosed between 1962 and 1966) were studied retrospectively. An enzyme-bridge immunoperoxidase technique was used to demonstrate that so-called pregnancy-specific proteins were detectable in the cytoplasm of the tumour cells. Of the proteins studied, pregnancy-specific beta1 glycoprotein was present in 76% of cases, placental lactogen in 82%, and chorionic gonadotrophin in 60%. Those women with cancers negative for pregnancy specific beta1-glycoprotein and placental lactogen had significantly longer survival-time compared with those whose cancers stained for these proteins. Pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein appears to be the best indicator of prognosis. A prospective study is needed to determine whether those patients requiring adjuvant chemotherapy after mastectomy can be identified by staining tumour tissue for pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein by the enzyme-bridge technique. PMID- 59854 TI - Cervical-mucus and basal body-temperature method of regulating births. Field trial. AB - A field trial of combined use of the basal body-temperature and the secretion of cervical mucus as a means of regulating births is reported. 84 women followed the method through 1195 cycles between October 1, 1973 and May 31, 1976. There were 22 unplanned pregnancies. PMID- 59855 TI - A double-blind trial of ethamsylate in the treatment of primary and intrauterine device menorrhagia. AB - 22 patients complaining of primary menorrhagia or menorrhagia associated with an intrauterine device (I.U.C.D.) were studied in a double blind trial with crossover of ethamsylate and placebo. Acutal menstrual blood-losses were calculated from the iron content of used sanitary material during one pre-trail menstrual period and four trial menstrual periods, during which patients received ethamsylate ("Dicynene") treatment during two menstrual cycles and placebo during two cycles. During ethamsylate treatment the mean menstrual blood-loss was reduced by 50% in patients with primary menorrhagia and by 19% in patients with an I.U.C.D. This difference between the two groups is probably accounted for by the differing values of initial blood-loss which was significantly higher in the group with primary menorrhagia. Tampon usage and the duration of bleeding were not significantly altered by ethamsylate treatment. Reported side-effects, which were not serious, were equally common during ethamsylate and placebo treatment. PMID- 59856 TI - Sudden death caused by interaction between a macroglobulin and a divalent drug. AB - Intravenous injection of the divalent X-ray contrast medium ioglycamic acid ("Biligram") induced intravascular precipitation and sudden death of a patient owing to reaction with his monoclonal macroglobulin. Mice reacted similarly in passive transfer experiments. The corresponding monovalent compound, acetrizoic acid, was also bound to the IgM but did not induce precipitation and had no apparent ill-effects on mice in passive transfer experiments. PMID- 59857 TI - Serum-prolactin in long-lasting lactation amenorrhoea. AB - Basal serum-prolactin concentrations were high until 15 months post partum in nursing mothers in Central Africa (Lwiro). They were significantly lower in menstruating than in amenorrhoeic nursing mothers. These results support the hypothesis that prolactin is involved in the long-lasting amenorrhoea which occurs in regions where breast-feeding is prolonged for up to 2 years after delivery. PMID- 59858 TI - Small-cell carcinoma of the lung: attempt to remedy causes of past therapeutic failure. AB - A regimen of intensive, cyclic chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin administered concurrently with radiotherapy of bulk disease plus prophylactic whole-brain irradiation has been investigated for small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Treatment was completed in 12 weeks, after which patients were observed without maintenance therapy. Complete clinical remissions were noted in twenty of twenty-one patients with unresectable tumours, 10 of whom had distant extrathoracic spread upon admission. Survival has been prolonged and nine of the eleven patients with regional disease (mediastinal adenopathy with or without pleural effusion and/or supraclavicular nodes) have remained clinically disease-free for 6-14 months (median 10) and have resumed normal activities. PMID- 59859 TI - "Self": standard of comparison for immunological recognition of foreignness. AB - It is suggested that the markers of biological individuality--i.e. the HLA antigens--may serve as the standard profiles against which foreignness is directly compared. PMID- 59860 TI - Editorial: Adrenal haemorrhage, apoplexy, and infarction. PMID- 59861 TI - Editorial: Abortion. PMID- 59862 TI - Editorial: Cerebral blood-flow. PMID- 59864 TI - Editorial: Surgery for endomyocardial fibrosis. PMID- 59863 TI - Editorial: Seveso. PMID- 59865 TI - Editorial: Whose turn now? PMID- 59866 TI - Editorial: I.R.D.S. and the kidney. PMID- 59867 TI - Editorial: Diagnosis of dissecting aneurysm of the aorta. PMID- 59868 TI - Editorial: Methyldopa hepatitis. PMID- 59869 TI - Patients' awareness and desire for information about diagnosed but undisclosed malignant disease. AB - 74 hospital patients with diagnosed but undisclosed malignancy were interviewed and observed to ascertain their awareness of their condition and desire for information about it. While 88% either knew or suspected that they had a malignant tumour at admission to the ward, the great majority of them had no wish to augment that knowledge. The fact that their diagnosis or prognosis was not revealed to them allowed many patients to maintain the hope either that they might not have cancer or that the outlook might be favourable. PMID- 59870 TI - Codeine intoxication in childhood. AB - Clinical reports on 430 children with acute codeine intoxication are evaluated. Of 234 children who had taken more than 5 mg/kg body-weight, 8 had respiratroy arrest necessitating intubation and artificial ventilation; 2 of them died. In all other cases the intoxication produced one or more of the following symptoms: somnolence, ataxia, miosis, vomiting, rash, swelling, and itching of the skin, but no life-threatening side-effects. Close supervision of respiration is the main principle of management when more than 2 mg codeine/kg body-weight has been taken. Gastric voiding may be useful if done soon after ingestion. Charcoal and purgatives should be given in all cases. PMID- 59871 TI - Letter: Post-traumatic immunosuppression. PMID- 59872 TI - Letter: Select committee on abortion. PMID- 59873 TI - Letter: Phenoxybenzamine in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 59874 TI - Letter: When do gallstones matter? PMID- 59875 TI - Letter: Classical rickets and osteomalacia in Britain. PMID- 59876 TI - Letter: Urinary carcinoembryonic antigen to monitor exposure to urinary carcinogens. PMID- 59877 TI - Letter: Biochemical markers in Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 59878 TI - Letter: Carcinoembryonic antigen in dermatoses. PMID- 59879 TI - Letter: Neutropenia and iron therapy. PMID- 59880 TI - Letter: Sensitisation to neuroblastoma. PMID- 59881 TI - Letter: Paramyxovirus-like inclusions in brain of patient with severe multiple sclerosis. PMID- 59882 TI - Letter: Fibrinolytic activity in treatment of diabetes. PMID- 59883 TI - Letter: B-cell alloantibodies and renal allografts. PMID- 59884 TI - Letter: Autonomic dysfunction. PMID- 59885 TI - Letter: Prevention of coronary heart-disease. PMID- 59886 TI - Letter: Reverse triiodothyronine in liver disease. PMID- 59887 TI - Letter: Diabetes mellitus, chromosomal aberration, and malignancy. PMID- 59888 TI - Letter: A professor emigrates. PMID- 59889 TI - Letter: Anaemia and immune response. PMID- 59890 TI - Letter: Gluten-sensitive polymyositis and enteropathy. PMID- 59891 TI - Letter: Pseudomembranous colitis after amoxycillin. PMID- 59892 TI - Letter: Antagonism between miconazole and amphotericin B. PMID- 59893 TI - Letter: Zinc-65 retention in patients with stasis leg ulcers. PMID- 59894 TI - Letter: Effect of vitamin C on cold-induced vasodilatation. PMID- 59895 TI - Letter: Serum high-density-lipoprotein and coronary heart-disease. PMID- 59896 TI - [Antigenic relationship between Candida santarmariae, Candida silvanorum and the Salmonella C1 group O antigen]. PMID- 59897 TI - [Study of the structure of O-specific lipopolysaccharide (O-antigen) in Escherichia coli 020:K61:H-. I. The oxidation of O-specific lipopolysaccharide by sodium periodate and its reduction by sodium borohydride]. PMID- 59898 TI - [Modification of the Romeis method for cartilage staining]. AB - When staining of the cartilage by the method of Romeis one can increase of the electivity using more acidic staining solution for a shorter period. For fixation instead of solution of ammoniummolibdate, solution of phosphotungstic acid is recommended. PMID- 59899 TI - [Basic proteins in the granules of mast cells. Demonstration of masked proteins, acidophilic staining of the granules]. AB - Basic proteins of the granules of mast cells in nativ, formalin-, alcohol- and aceton fixed preparations without any preliminary treatment, when stained with acidic dye at the pH 9 cytochemically seem to be masked. After various preliminary treatment (treatment with acid, with cetylpiridinumchlorid, CPC) mast cell granula stained with acidic-dye at pH 9 appear intensively acidophile. This phenomenon can be explained by the presence of basic proteins in the mast cell granula. Preliminary treatment with CPC inhibits acid radicals of the heparin. This may lead to the disintegration of the linkage between proteins of the heparin, thus amino-group of the basic proteins become reactivated and can be identified by acidic dyes. It can not be excluded as well, that CPC linked to the heparin with free positive radicals reveals acidic-dye-binding capacity. In cases of preliminary treatment with various acids this mechanism does not seem possible to lay on the base of changing of the dye binding capacity. PMID- 59900 TI - Research in cystic fibrosis (third of three parts). PMID- 59901 TI - Editorial: Systemic lupus erythematosus and type C RNA viruses. PMID- 59902 TI - Letter: Rising factor VIII inhibitor titers after Konyne factor IX complex. PMID- 59903 TI - [Chlorinated hydrocarbons in the daily diet]. AB - The gas chromatographic analysis of the daily diets (without beverages) of men consuming at maximum 4000 kcal per day, in spring, summer and autumn 1971, revealed always residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons. With an average food amount of 1635 g per day, each subject (having an average body weight of 65 kg) ingested 105 mug of DDT, 20 mug of DDE, 20 mug of DDD, and 149 mug of total DDT and 10 mug of lindane, respectively. The contamination was inferior to the ADI values recommended by the WHO/FAO. From winter 1971 to autumn 1972, the authors also analysed the daily diets (including beverages) of 1-3-year-old children (having an average body weight of 12 kg) in a week-nursery. The average food amount of 1230 g per day contained 42 mug of DDT, 12 mug of DDE, 8 mug of DDD, and 64 mug of total DDT and 7 mug of lindane, respectively. From these values a total DDT intake of 5.3 mug/kg of body weight was calculated which exceeds the ADI value for adults. The claim for a zero tolerance for victuals and ready-to-use baby foods is corroborated. Consequently the complete replacement of DDT by other insecticides is a measure which is imperative not only from the viewpoint of prophylaxis but also from that of health policy. PMID- 59904 TI - [Effects of DDT and lindane on thyroid function in the rat]. AB - Using the previously described test method, the authors studied with the aid of iodine-131 labelled NaI the effects of daily doses of 30 and 75 mg DDT/kg of body weight, and of 12 and 36 mg of lindane/kg of body weight on the iodine and hormone metabolism in the rat. With DDT, the authors observed a marked increase of the thyroid mass and of the thyroid tri-iodothyronine and thyroxin levels and a simultaneous decrease of the thyroid iodine level. The values for serum iodine and protein-bound iodine were reduced. Serum thyroxin was slightly increased. Serum tri-iodothyronine was markedly increased, which was also true of the iodine fractions in the liver. Lindane was considerably less effective. Only the decrease of thyroid tri-iodothyronine and the simultaneous increase of thyroid thyroxin were striking. In the serum, both hormones remained unchanged. The values for the urine fractions of both the active principles were indicative of a hypofunction. The causes of the changes observed were discussed with regard to the findings of other authors. The present results permit the conclusion that the effects of the pesticides tested are obviously complex by nature. PMID- 59905 TI - 125I-labelled botulinum A neurotoxin: pharmacokinetics in cats after intramuscular injection. AB - 1. On unilateral injection of sublethal doses of 125I-botulinum A neurotoxin (BTA) into one gastrocnemius muscle of the cat we found after 48 h: a) A disto proximal gradient of radioactivity (RA) had developed in the sciatic nerve of the injected side. b) The ventral roots of the spinal cord half segments supplying the injected muscle showed a higher RA than the ventral roots of the contralateral control side. c) The spinal cord half segments innervating the injected muscle had a RA much higher than the corresponding segments of the contralateral side. However, a small rise of RA was also observed in the contralateral half segments. 2. In histoautoradiographs of the (ligatured) ventral roots the RA was strictly confined to the intraaxonal space of a few nerve fibres. 3. On injection of equal doses of 125I-BTA into either gastrocnemius muscle we found after 38 h: a) Direct stimulation of only one of the injected muscle caused the RA to reach a higher level in the spinal cord half segments ipsilateral to the stimulated muscle than in the spinal cord half segments of the non-stimulated side. b) Unilateral stimulation of one gastrocnemius nerve under the influence of gallamine or unilateral antidromic stimulation of the dorsal roots L7, S1 failed to cause a difference in RA between stimulated and non-stimulated side. PMID- 59906 TI - Immunochemical and enzymatic studies on the soluble antigens of normal human kidney. AB - The antigenic composition of the soluble extract from normal human kidney was determined with the combined techniques of immunological absorption, immuno diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The kidney extract contained at least eleven non-serum, tissue antigens; some of them were found in the extracts of other organs, but three were kidney-specific. None of the soluble tissue antigens from human kidney was characterized as a lipoprotein; however, three of them stained with the reagent for glycoproteins. Esterase activities were also demonstrated in four non-serum, renal antigens, one of which was present only in the kidney extract and absent in the other organs extracts. PMID- 59907 TI - Evaluation of percutaneous kidney biopsy in advanced renal failure. AB - As more information is gained on the long-term survival in chronic dialysis and transplant patients, it is unacceptable to be satisfied with a clinical impression of the etiology of the end stage renal failure in each case. It becomes important to know the histological diagnosis in patients who present with terminal renal failure. In the past there was little to offer such individuals in terms of therapeutics, and their prognosis was uniformly poor. Thus, biopsy for other than academic reasons was difficult to justify. This is no longer true and presented here is a series of 28 such patients in whom percutaneous renal biopsy was performed. The complications and diagnostic yield are reported. It is further demonstrated that the added knowledge of histological diagnosis can be of benefit to the individual patient. PMID- 59908 TI - Neuron-target cell interactions. PMID- 59909 TI - [Recent advances and prospects in periodic hemodialytic treatment for patients with uremia]. AB - Following a brief outline of the history of haemodialytic technique, the most relevant recent progress is illustrated. Advances include the success of the internal artero-venous fistula for access to the vessels, of "less than" single "greater than" haemodialytic units, of three-times-a-week dialysis, and the creation of new disposable dialyzers of high efficiency and low priming volume. Some of the problems posed by the patient in periodic haemodialysis are then examined (the problem involved in the risk of hepatitis, that of persistent severe anemia even after haemodialysis has been begun and that of osteopathy) and the most suitable measures for preventing or limiting these situations are presented. Finally, survival indices of patients undergoing periodic haemodialysis are examined and it is concluded that, although various clinical problems have as yet failed to find a complete solution, the patient under haemodialysis can enjoy a satisfactory state of rehabilitation to family and working life and survive even for more than ten years after the terminal phase of uraemia. PMID- 59910 TI - [Some aspects of pollution provoked by middle air and relative prevention]. PMID- 59911 TI - Serum protein fractions. Effects of oral contraceptives and pregnancy. AB - As a part of a longitudinal study to determine the side effects of oral contraceptive drugs (OCs), protein electrophoresis studies were carried out on sera obtained from 4057 current users of OCs, 9774 nonusers, and 624 women in the first trimester of pregnancy. Albumin and gamma globulin levels were lower in OC users than in nonusers; alpha-1, alpha-2, and beta fractions were higher. A similar effect was observed during the first trimester of pregnancy. The changes were temporary and reverted to normal within 12 weeks of OC withdrawal. The dosage of the estrogenic component appeared to be directly related to the lower concentration of albumin in users. The mechanisms of these changes were not well identified but very likely represent a direct effect on the metabolism of proteins. PMID- 59912 TI - Selling the worker on hearing conservation. PMID- 59913 TI - The glioarchitectonics of the rhesus monkey optic nerve. Light microscopic study. PMID- 59914 TI - Sealing quality of polycarboxylate cements when compared to amalgam as retrofilling material. AB - Four hundred roots were uniformly prepared for retrofilling. One hundred of these were retrofilled with amalgam and served as controls for the study. The polycarboxylate cements--Durelon, PCA, and Poly C--were each used as retro filling material for 100 roots. After immersion in 2 per cent aqueous methylene blue for 7 days, the roots were sectioned in 1 to 2 mm. increments to determine the depth of dye penetration. The depth of dye penetration was used as a measure of their sealing effectiveness. The groups were compared statistically by means of a t test. All cements were significantly different from amalgam. All cements performed inferiorly to amalgam, an already accepted retrofilling material. PMID- 59915 TI - [Localization of HBsAg, immunoglobulins, fibrin and C3 in the liver by direct immunoflourescence]. AB - Liver biopsies of sixty patients with different forms of hepatitis and ten control subjects without hepatic disorders were examined by means of direct immunofluorescent methods for the HBsAg, immunoglobulins, fibrin and C3. The presence of fluorescent particles of HBsAg in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes were correlated with the presence of HBsAg in the serum. The fluorescence did not seem specific of histological stage of hepatitis. Immunoglobulins and fibrin were often demonstrated in hepatic sinusoids, especially in chronic aggressive hepatitis. In contrast, C3 is rarely observed. PMID- 59916 TI - [Effect of papaverine and prostaglandin E1 on preparation /48/80-induced histamine liberation from rat mast cells]. PMID- 59917 TI - Uptake of the mosquito larvicide Temefos by the salt marsh snail, New Jersey- 1973-1974. AB - Uptake of the mosquito larvicide temefos (Abate) by the salt march snail (Melampus bidentatus Say) in New Jersey was measured by gas-chromatographic analysis. Measurable quantities of temefos were found in the snails within 1 day after the first treatment with a 2% granular formulation but 3 weeks elapsed before uptake occurred following treatment with a temefos emulsion. Residues in the snails exposed to the granular formulation were generally more than 10 times higher than those in snails exposed to the emulsion although application rates of the granular formulation were only about three times higher than those of the emulsion. Residues in snails exposed to the emulsion fell below detectable levels less than 3 weeks after cessation of treatments although measurable amounts were found in snails exposed to the granular formulation for more than 5 weeks after the last treatment. The persistence of temefos in M. bidentatus suggests the potential for its movement through food webs exposed to the granular formulation. PMID- 59918 TI - [Letter: Perhexilinemaleate in patients suffering from chronic coronary failure]. PMID- 59919 TI - Modifying media for individual instruction. PMID- 59920 TI - [Neoplastic transformation, systemic macromolecules and evolution of organisms]. PMID- 59921 TI - [Diagnostic value of biochemical examination of amniotic fluid]. PMID- 59922 TI - [Diamine oxidase and clinical significance of the enzyme]. PMID- 59923 TI - Appraising current therapy for breast cancer. 2. Irradiation. AB - The best combination of methods for managing primary breast cancer may not yet be known. Radiation therapy has been proved effective in decreasing the incidence of local and regional recurrence following mastectomy. Thus, until a superior regimen is established, I recommend local and regional irradiation for patients at high risk for recurrence. Local irradiation is also an effective means of achieving palliation of symptoms associated with metastatic disease. PMID- 59924 TI - Purification of canine plasma renin by affinity chromatography. AB - An affinity column for the purfication of canine plasma renin was prepared using goat anti-renin (dog kidney) gammaG gloublins. The antiserum was prepared against a purified kidney renin preparation. The anti-renin globulins were coupled to cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose. Using the anti-renin globulin-coupled Sepharose as an immuno-adsorbant, a method was devised allowing purification of plasma renin to a 1,000-fold purity. PMID- 59925 TI - Synthesis of extensive, possibly complete, DNA copies of poliovirus RNA in high yields and at high specific activities. AB - The synthesis of large, possibly complete, complementary DNA (cDNA) copies of poliovirus RNA by avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase is described. The cDNA consists of two size classes, the larger of which is approximately 7500 nucleotides. In the presence of excess deoxynucleoside triphosphates, ribonucleoside triphosphates, or sodium pyrophosphate, only the larger material is obtained. Yields of the large cDNA are 50-75% of the input RNA. PMID- 59926 TI - Characterization of the collagen synthesized by endothelial cells in culture. AB - [14C]Proline and [14C]lysine were incorporated into collagen by cultures of endothelial cells derived from calf aortae. The isomer 3-hydroxy[14C]proline accounted for 10% of the total hydroxy[14C]proline in the collagen isolated from the medium. Approximately 81% of the hydroxy[14C]lysine isolated from the medium was glycosylated, and 91% of the glycosylated hydroxy[14C]lysine was in the form of the disaccharide glucosylgalactose. Gel filtration chromatography or acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate indicated that the initially synthesized peptide chain of [14C]collagen had a molecular weight of about 135,000; after pepsin digestion this was converted to 115,000. The ratio of hydroxy[14C]proline to total [14C]proline x 100 in the pesin-resistant fraction was 59. When examined by immunofluorescence microscopy, the endothelial cultures stained positively with antiserum to (Type IV) collagen from basement membrane of bovine anterior lens capsule. The data indicate that cultured endothelial cells derived from calf aortae synthesize collagen that resembles that of basement membrane collagen. PMID- 59928 TI - Nutrition education: higher education. PMID- 59927 TI - Simian virus to (SV40) tumor-specific proteins in nucleus and plasma membrane of HeLa cells infected by adenovirus 2-SV40 hybrid virus Ad2+ND2. AB - HeLa cells infected with the nondefective adenovirus 2-SV40 hybrid virus (Ad2+ND2) have previously been shown to synthesize two SV40-specific proteins with molecular weights of 56,000 (56 K protein) and 42,000 (42 K protein). The present study demonstrates that these proteins are immunoprecipitable with serum from hamsters bearing SV40 tumors. By peptide analysis, it is shown that the 56 K and 42 K proteins share common amino acid sequences. Both proteins are metabolically stable in nuclei and plasma membranes but unstable in the cytoplasm, as shown by pulse-chase experiments and cell fractionation studies. PMID- 59929 TI - Nutrition education for the elderly. PMID- 59930 TI - Meningococcal group C subgroup determinant detected by immunofluorescence. PMID- 59931 TI - Bacterial synthesis of substance similar to human chorionic gonadotrophin. PMID- 59932 TI - Experimental studies on drug sensitization. II. Production of antiacetylsalicylyl antibodies and their detection by passive hemagglutination. AB - Antiacetylsalicylyl antibodies were produced in rabbits and guinea-pigs by innoculation of acetylsalicylic acid incorporated in Freund adjuvant. These antibodies were readily detected by a passive hemagglutination test using rabbit erythrocytes incubated with acetylsalicylic acid at alkaline pH. Acetylsalicylyl conjugates with human gammaglobulin, bovine gammaglobulin and rabbit gammaglobulin were also prepared by incubating the proteins with acetylsalicylic acid at alkaline pH. In parallel experiments, salicylic acid did not induce formation of specific antibodies capable of reacting with acetylsalicylic or salicylic acid-treated erythrocytes. PMID- 59933 TI - [Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis as a model for the study of therapeutic concepts for encephalomyelitis disseminata]. AB - The induction of immunological tolerance with, and for, the caused organotypical antigen is a conception for a specific therapy for neuroimmunological diseases with at least a partial autoallergic pathogenesis. Appropriate to a set step-by step programme for the development of antigen-specific therapy preventive tolerance experiments were carried out at the model of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAEM) with allogenic myelin basic protein (BP) prepared from rabbits. The result is: 100 ug BP given intravenously simultaneously with 100 ug BP in incomplete Freud's adjuvant given intracutanously twice a week and 40 mg Cyclophosphamid given daily during the minor clinical incidence rate and no signs of EAEM pathomorphologically. A longlasting tolerance for the BP could be obtained as a test proved after 100 days. Hints are given for further potential therapeutic treatments, such as the use of antigen bound chemically to the immunosuppressive drug or the use of chemically modified BP for the induction of a specific tolerance. PMID- 59935 TI - [Ventricular extrasystoles as a psychosomatic sign (author's transl)]. PMID- 59934 TI - Euflavine: effect on brain heavy metal content and staining pattern, and on shuttle box behavior in goldfish. AB - Goldfish were exposed to euflavine in doses of 7-100 mg/l for 1h-14 days. The treatment resulted in a reduced stainability of the brain with the Timm histochemical procedure for "heavy metals". In contrast, analysis by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry showed no significant changes in the concentrations of zinc and of copper after euflavine treatment. In the shuttle box a significant increase in general activity was found. These results, compared to earlier work with other chelating agents, indicate that such drugs do not have a uniform effect on behavior, and that they do not cause a true depletion of heavy metals in the brain. PMID- 59936 TI - Radiotherapy of metastases of mammary carcinoma. AB - Radiotherapy is a very successful way of treating localized metastatic or recurrent breast cancer. The success of treatment depends largely on the site of the metastasis and the dose applied. It is not a substitute for systemic treatment, but superior in the treatment of localized disease. PMID- 59937 TI - Alpha 2-macroglobulin and antithrombin-heparin cofactor: modulators of hemostatic and inflammatory reactions. Alpha 2-macroglobulin. PMID- 59938 TI - [Reflections on the treatment of the thalamic tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 59939 TI - [One case of myoclonic encephalopathy during Whipple's disease]. PMID- 59940 TI - Mechanism of action of distamycin A and other antibiotics with antiviral activity. PMID- 59941 TI - [Studies on human alpha-2 macroglobulin structure and its complexes with proteases, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis]. AB - Pure alpha2M is prepared with fresh plasma as starting material, to prevent the interaction of alpha2M from proteolytic enzymes of plasma such as thrombin, plasmin and kallikrein. During the purification steps, polybrene and aprotin are used as inhibitors and plasminogen is absorbed onto bentonite. When alpha 2M is submitted to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAA) containing 0.1% SDS, a complete dissociation in two half-molecules of MW 380,000 occurs. When alpha2M is incubated in 1% SDS and 1% beta-mercaptoethanol as reducing agent, only one component of MW 190,000 is observed in PAA-SDS. This experiments show that the alpha2M molecule consist of two symetric halves of same MW (380,000) linked by non covalent bonds. Each two-half-molecules is made of two polypeptides chains MW 190,000 linked by disulfide bonds. Thus alpha2M molecule contains four polypeptides chains having a same MW. The same techniques were applied to the study of alaph2M proteinases complexes. Three different proteinases (plasmin, trypsin and papain) were used in these experiments. Trypsin and papain are commercialy available. Plasminogen was obtained by affinity chromatography and activated into plasmin by insoluble streptokinase fixed on PAB cellulose. PMID- 59942 TI - Possible evolution of acquired immunity from self-recognition structures. PMID- 59943 TI - Complex nature of the production of 'effector' cells and their interaction with target cells in the M-antigen system of the mouse. AB - The capacity of lymphocytes from mouse strain CBA to generate 'effector' cells against the H-2-compatible, M-antigen-incompatible strain C3H and their interaction with such target cells were investigated. It was observed that CBA lymphocytes injected in, and 5 days later obtained from, the spleens of irradiated C3H X CBA hybrids ('educated cells') could strongly inhibit the growth of C3H X CBA bone marrow cells but were almost nonresponsive to C3H X C57BI bone marrow targets (H-2-incompatible). CBA lymphocytes educated in irradiated C3H X C57BI hosts displayed reactivity against C3H X C57BI and CBA X C57BL but not against C3H X CBA bone marrow target cells. Additional tests indicated that the M antigen determined by C3H is expressed to approximately the same extent on C3H X CBA and C3H X C75BL cells and that the M antigen on C3H does not cross-react immunologically with antigens on C57BL cells. Moreover, it was observed that CBA X C57BI lymphocytes were triggered to cell proliferation by C3H antigens but were unable or had a highly reduced capacity to develop 'effector' cells in response to this antigenic stimulus. These results indicate that generation of 'effector' cells and their interaction with target cells are very complex processes. PMID- 59944 TI - IgA in secondary anti-hapten responses in vitro. AB - Production of IgA anti-hapten antibodies in vitro was studied in suspension and fragment cultures of spleens from mice immunized with NIP-CG (4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3 nitrophenylacetyl coupled to chicken globulin) a few weeks earlier. IgA anti hapten production tended to be of much shorter duration than IgG anti-hapten production. IgA produced in fragment cultures had sedimentation coefficients of 9S, 11S, and 13S. 9S IgA anti-hapten was more prominent later during the in vitro response than earlier. In suspension cultures IgM anti-hapten production preceded IgA and IgG anti-hapten production. Very little IgM anti-hapten was seen in fragment cultures, although the responses on a cell-to-cell basis tended to be much higher in fragment than in suspension cultures. PMID- 59945 TI - Impact of Ig-anti-Ig column fractionation on T-lymphocyte functions. AB - C57Bl/6 anti-Pe15-immune spleen cells were fractionated on immunoglobulin (Ig) anti-Ig antibody columns in medium containing EDTA or in EDTA-free medium. The antigen-specific cytotoxic potential of immune cells in vitro was only slightly enriched after passage through the columns in the absence of EDTA, whereas immune cells passed through the columns in the presence of EDTA displayed a cytotoxic potential enriched about three times compared with unfractionated cells; this is similar to the enrichment in theta-positive cells. The lack of increase of the cytotoxic potential of immune cells after passage through the columns in the absence of EDTA was shown to be due to the adsorption of subpopulations of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These cytotoxic cells could be eluted with EDTA containing medium, and the findings suggest that their adsorption may be mediated via the interaction between cell-bound Fc receptors and the column antigen antibody complexes. PMID- 59946 TI - Surface markers on human B and T lymphocytes. VIII. Association between complement and Epstein-Barr virus receptors on human lymphoid cells. AB - An association has been found between the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and complement (C3d) receptors on human lymphoid cells. The evidence was four-fold: there was a correlation between the expression of these two receptors; inhibition experiments showed that the binding sites probably are close to each other in the cell membrane, although not identical; EBV and complement receptors have been found to co-cap in either order; and lymphoid cell lines lacking complement receptors could not be superinfected with EBV. PMID- 59947 TI - A method for determining plasma proteins in inflammatory exudate absorbed by Sephadex. AB - Dry cross-linked dextran (Sephadex pharmaceutical grade, Debrisan) was applied to weeping sores. After some exudate had been absorbed the gels were removed. The amount of exudate was determined by isotope dilution techniques. The accuracy of the method was tested by determination of plasma proteins in samples of diluted serum containing known concentrations of some plasma proteins. The method seems suitable for determining various high and low molecular weight constituents of exudates. PMID- 59948 TI - Detrusor hyperreflexia. A survey on its etiology and treatment. AB - Detrusor hyperreflexia (DH) is a frequently occurring condition. The symptomatology is characterized by frequency, urgency and urge incontinence. DH is defined as involuntary, uninhibited detrusor contractions. The physiology and pathophysiology of the micturition reflex is reviewed. The balance between cerebral stimulation and supraspinal inhibition is discussed. DH is caused by disturbances in this balance. Whereas increased afferent impulses to the central nervous system due to local disorders in bladder and/or urethra may produce DH, a neurological disorder affecting the inhibitory nervous pathways from cortical and subcortical centres always result in uninhibited detrusor contractions. DH was found in 25% of 2000 patients. In the majority of the patients the DH was caused by a neurological disorder. The incidence of DH in patients with enuresis, gynecological patients with urinary incontinence and/or genital prolapse and patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is reported. In 62% of the patients with BPH the DH was eliminated after adequate surgical treatment of the infravesical obstruction. By contrast, DH in women with genital prolapse and/or incontinence persisted despite operative treatment. In a retrospective investigation of 152 patients with DH, the cause of the DH was unknown in 32 patients (21%). A clinical neurological examination revealed no evidence of neurological disease in 45% of the 22 patients examined. Voiding symptoms were the only complaint in these patients as well as in 30-40% of the patients in the other groups mentioned. This calls for improved investigatory methods in the evaluation of the balance between stimulation and inhibition of the micturition reflex. The presence of uninhibited detrusor contractions in apparently healthy patients should indicate a neurological examination since DH may be the first sign of a neurological disorder. The micturition reflex is conducted through long, uninterrupted neurons with a marked central integration. Therefore cystometry may be used as a supplement to the clinical neurological examination in the early diagnosis of pyramidal or extrapyramidal central nervous system disorders. PMID- 59949 TI - Long-term shunt palliation for Fallot's tetralogy. AB - One hundred and sixty-two systemic-pulmonary shunts of various types were performed in 136 patients with Fallot's tetralogy. There were 72 Blalock-Taussig shunts, 31 Potts and 24 of Waterston shunts. Furthermore, systemic-pulmonary anastomoses with interposed grafts were made in 34 cases. The patients were followed up for 1 to 23 years, average 12 1/2 years. The total mortality varied from 25% in the Waterston group to 42% in the Potts group. The immediate palliative effect of the shunt operation in the surviving patients seemed to be independent of the type of shunt used. At follow-up, 9 of 69 patients originally operated upon with a Blalock-Taussig shunt were alive with their original shunt, while the corresponding figure in the Potts group was 12 of 30. More than 20 years after palliation, one of 15 patients were alive with an original Blalock Taussig shunt and 9 of 22 with a Potts anastomosis. Surgical problems in construction of the shunts and the long-term results are briefly discussed. PMID- 59950 TI - [Experiences with the surgical treatment of carcinoma of the stomach in old age]. PMID- 59951 TI - POMR for operating and recovery rooms. PMID- 59952 TI - Biochemical evidences for ribonucleic acid viral-like characteristics in malignant diseases of gastrointestinal tract and lung in humans. AB - It has been demonstrated that malignant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and lung in humans possess three characteristics invariably found in ribonucleic acid tumor viruses: the presence of a ribonucleic acid directed deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase, reverse transcriptase; a high molecular weight ribonucleic acid with a sedimentation coefficient of 70 Svedberg units, and particulate elements with densities of 1.16 to 1.18 grams per milliliter sucrose gradient. Twelve of 17 carcinomas of the colon, three of five carcinomas of the stomach, all three carcinomas of the rectum and seven of ten carcinomas of the lung displayed detectable evidence of these viral-like entities. None of the corresponding normal tissues had positive reactions. PMID- 59953 TI - Editorial: Neurosurgical nursing. PMID- 59954 TI - [Clinical course and principles of intensive treatment of hypertoxic forms of influenza complicated by pneumonia]. PMID- 59955 TI - A rapid method for preparing tissue culture clones for light and electron microscopy. AB - Fixation and epoxy-embedment of tissue culture clones in situ were carried out in Falcon tissue culture plates. The clone of cells, retained at one end of the casting, was stained with azure II-methylene blue and then studied with the oil immersion objective. The dimensions of the epoxy casting were ideal for mouting as a block in conventional ultramicrotone chucks. The use of one epoxy casting permits a single preparation of tissue culture clones for direct light microscopic observations and subsequently for ultramicrotomy. PMID- 59956 TI - [Survival of patients treated with bleomycin and evolution of decreased transfer of carbon monoxide]. PMID- 59957 TI - [Nitrofurantoin]. PMID- 59958 TI - Comparative in vitro studies of a number of anti-mastitis antibiotics. AB - In vitro activities of penicillin, ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, nafcillin, cloxacillin and commercially available combinations of these antibiotics against a variety of Gram-positive mastitis-causing micro-organisms were examined. As a rule, penicillin proved to be more active against penicillin-sensitive strains of micro-organisms than ampicillin and nafcillin and far more so than cloxacillin. In combination with di-hydrostreptomycin, which in itself showed hardly any activiy, the activity of penicillin against streptococci was enhanced considerably. This confirms the synergistic effect of this combination. No clear synergism was noted in the activity against staphylococci. Against strains which were less sensitive to penicillin, there was not much difference in activity between penicillin, ampicillin, nafcillin and cloxacillin. Nafcillin was found to be much more active against streptococci than cloxacillin. The anti staphylococcal activities of these two antibiotics however were identical. The activity of the combination of penicillin, dihydrostreptomycin and nafcillin against most micro-organisms was mainly due to the penicillin in the combination. Against Streptococcus agalactiae and the most penicillin-resistant staphylococci, nafcillin contributed clearly to the activity. The activity of the combination ampicillin + cloxacillin against Streptococcus agalactiae was mainly based on the activity of the ampicillin in the combination. Against penicillin-resistant staphylococci, the activity of the combination was mainly due to the activity of cloxacillin. Against the other micro-organisms, both compounds contributed to the activity of the combination. PMID- 59959 TI - Lymphocyte stimulation by soluble subcellular fractions. AB - Nuclear material can produce inhibition or stimulation of healty leucocytes under different experimental conditions, Reactivity could not be produced in cultures using intact nuclei and allogeneic lymphocytes. The effect of nuclear and cytoplasm fractions was compared with that of whole cells on intact healthy lymphocytes. The HLA activity in the individual fractions was assessed. Stimulation was produced by certain nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions and these were closely related to the peaks of HLA activity. The response to these fractions showed less activity than that achieved in conventional one way MLC tests. PMID- 59960 TI - Typing for HLA-D determinants. comparison of typing results using homozygous stimulating cells and primed cultures. AB - Typing for HLA-D determinants, using primed lymphocyte typing (PLT), has been compared to the results obtained using conventional homozygous stimulating cell primary MLC tests. The HLA-Dwl, -Dw2 and -Dw3 specificities were studied. Preliminary results indicate that these two methods essentially type for the HLA D determinants and that reproducible results can be obtained employing the PLT technique after 24 hours of incubation in the secondary cultures. PMID- 59961 TI - The search for standard HLA reagents. PMID- 59962 TI - HLA antigens and acquired valvular heart disease. AB - The frequency of HLA antigens was determined in 133 patients with acquired valvular heart disease and compared with the frequency of HLA antigens in 1,000 normal individuals by the relative incidence ratio method of Woolf (1955). No significant increases were observed. However, when the patients were divided into those with no rheumatic history and those who have had rheumatic fever or chorea, a significant increase in AW 30/31 and A29 was observed in the group with no rheumatic history. PMID- 59963 TI - Histocompatibility (HLA) antigens and diabetic microangiopathy. AB - To gain further insight into the genetic determinants of diabetic small vessel disease, we studied 22 HLA antigens in 110 juvenile-onset, insulin-dependent diabetics with terminal glomerulosclerosis and retinopathy, who were being prepared for kidney transplant. HLA antigens were comtemporarily determined in non-diabetic kidney transplant recipients and healthy controls. The frequency of antigens A1 and B8 were significantly higher in diabetics than in controls (P less than .02 and .011), but the frequency of BW15 was normal. The data are compatible with the concept that juvenile diabetes with microangiopathy is one of the HLA-B8 associated disorders. PMID- 59964 TI - HLA antigen (A & B loci) frequency in Addisonian pernicious anaemia. AB - Sixty-six patients with Addisonian pernicious anaemia have been HLA typed and compared with 86 controls of the same ethnic group. No deviation in antigen frequency was found to be specific for the disease group as a whole. The most significant deviation found was an increased frequency of HLA-B8 in those patients with coincident thyroid autoantibodies. Pernicious anaemia seems to be the exception to the demonstrated association between HLA-B8 and the organ specific autoimmune diseases studied up to the present time. PMID- 59965 TI - The use of methyl green-pyronin staining after glutaraldehyde fixation and paraffin or araldite embedding. AB - Methyl green-pyronin staining has been used for localization of RNA and DNA in chick and mouse embryonic tissues and in insect larval salivary glands. Glutaraldehyde or tricholoracetic acid-lanthanum acetate (TCA-LA) was used as fixative and paraffin wax or Araldite was used as embedding medium. For good results the following are specially desirable: fixation with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, dehydration in alcohols for short time, and the use of fresh staining solutions. After TCA-LA fixation the final results are much less specific. The digestion with RNAse appears essential for the detection of RNA because pyronin does not seem to be entirely specific to RNA. The results show that glutaraldehyde a common fixative for electron microscopic work, is particularly suitable fixative for light microscopic cytochemical investigations if followed by methyl green pyronin staining; furthermore, methyl green-pyronin staining after glutaraldehyde fixation can be carried out on Araldite sections. PMID- 59966 TI - [Localization of the parathyroid glands during surgery by means of toluidin blue]. PMID- 59968 TI - The specificity of antisera raised by oestradiol-17beta-3-hemisuccinyl-bovine serum albumin. AB - The preparation of pure oestradiol-17beta-3-hemisuccinyl-bovine serum albumin conjugate is described. Contrary to previous findings this antigen raised reasonably specific antisera in rabbits which possessed a cross reaction of only 2.0% with oestrone, and 0.8% with oestriol. The production of this specific antisera is considered to be due to the high purity of the antigen. The role of the C-3 phenolic hemisuccinyl linkage of the antigen in raising this specific antisera is discussed. PMID- 59967 TI - Influences of BHC, SMT, BHC+SMT, PCB and FCPA at residual levels on effects of therapeutic agents. PMID- 59969 TI - Expression of Ia antigens on T and B cells and their relationship to immune response functions. PMID- 59970 TI - B-cell antibodies, Ia-like determinants, and their relation to MLC determinants in man. AB - The HLA supergene is located in the 6th chromosome. Its position to the centromere and the position of a number of polymorphic isoenzymes has been elucidated. The HLA supergene codes not only for determinants present on all nucleated cells, but also for determinants present on B cells and absent from T cells and platelets. These determinants can be recognized by serology, and evidence is presented that some of them are coded for by a hither to unrecognized locus Ag, which is very closely linked to the MLC determinants of the D locus can be recognized with the help of the MLC test using unprimed cells, homozygous for the MLC determinants, so-called typing cells primed against one MLC determinant in the PLT test. So far, 8 MLC determinants have been recognized. Significant disease-association studies in different racial groups appear to be especially informative. They already indicate that the association found so far must rest on different mechanisms. Whether some of them could be caused by partial deficiency for one or more of the complement factors remains to be proven. PMID- 59971 TI - Interaction of Fc and C3 receptors of lymphoid cells with antibodies against products of the major histocompatibility complex: association of MHC products with complement receptors. PMID- 59972 TI - Guinea-pig Ia antigens: functional significance and chemical characterization. PMID- 59973 TI - Genetic and functional analysis of the Ia antigens: their possible role in regulating the immune response. PMID- 59974 TI - Structural and serological properties of murine Ia alloantigens. PMID- 59975 TI - Human Ia-type alloantigens: methods of detection, aspects of chemistry and biology, markers for disease states. PMID- 59976 TI - Serologic and genetic aspects of murine Ia antigens. PMID- 59977 TI - Ia-like antigens of rhesus monkeys: current state of serology and genetics. PMID- 59978 TI - Ia antigens: isolation, chemical modification and structural characterization. AB - The results described above, with respect to the similarity of basic structural features of Ia and H-2 antigens (see Table V), led to the evolutionary concept presented in Figure 10 according to which these antigens are the products of tandem-duplicated genes. The evolution of MHC-gene products is reflected by the basic structure of these molecules. This structure is compatible with basic repetitive units of molecular weight 12,000 as suggested by the selective cleavage of the intact protein by, for example, papain. PMID- 59979 TI - Tissue distribution of Ia antigens and their expression on lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 59980 TI - Ia antigens: their serology, molecular relationships, and their role in allograft reactions. PMID- 59981 TI - Allograft immunity to histocompatibility and organ-specific antigens. AB - An experimental model has been developed in the dog in which a renal allograft was placed in the neck, leaving one of the dog's own kidney in situ. Five nonimmunosuppressed pairs of dogs have been studied by using the leucocyte migration test (LMT) as an in vitro measure of cell-mediated immunity. Antigen preparations from leucocytes, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle from both the kidney donor and the recipient were used in the LMT in order to study responses against transplantation and organ-specific antigens. Inhibition of migration with donor-specific leucocyte and kidney antigens was detectable prior to clinical evidence of rejection, which was confirmed histologically. Concurrently, inhibition was also observed with autologous kidney antigen and histological damage was noted in the recipient's own nontransplanted kidney, accompanied by increasing proteinuria. Autologous serum withdrawn daily and added to the test culture medium abolished the inhibition of migration, thus suggesting the development of blocking factor. PMID- 59982 TI - Isolation and characterization of tumour-specific antigen from the serum of rats bearing transplanted aminoazo dye-induced hepatomas. AB - Tumour-specific antigen has been purified from the serum of animals bearing large progressively growing transplants of an aminoazo dye-induced hepatoma (D23). Antigenic activity was detected by the capacity of serum fractions to neutralize reactivity of antibody in hepatoma immune serum for cell surface expressed antigen on viable hepatoma cells as assessed by using the indirect membrane immunofluorescence test. Serum from animals bearing large i.p. grafts of tumour was fractionated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 columns at pH 7.3 and pH 2.8 to yield a crude antigen fraction which was further purified by affinity chromatography by using syngeneic rat hepatoma D23 immune IgG insolubilized on Sepharose 4B. The purified antigen exhibited a pI of approximately 4.6 on analytical gel isoelectric focusing. Molecular weight determination on Sephadex G 200 at pH 7.3 in nondenaturing buffer indicated a primary molecular weight of 55,000 and a small amount of aggregated material (mol. wt. greater than 250,000). PMID- 59983 TI - Guinea pig histocompatibility antigens. I. Serological and genetic characterization of GPLA antigens. AB - Lymphocytotoxic alloantisera were obtained by cross immunization among outbred guinea pigs from a closed colony. Groups of antisera recognizing the same specificities were established by panel analysis, cross immunization among appropriate phenotypes, and absorption studies. Three antigens designated B1, B2, and B3 (perviously B, C, and D) were detected in our outbred colony and also found to be present in a wide variety of guinea pig strains. These antigens were shown by population and breeding studies to be allelic gene products of a first guinea pig locus (GPLA) (designated locus B). Four new guinea pig families homozygous for their B locus antigens are now in the seventh generation of inbreeding. NIH guinea pig strains 2 and 13, which share the B1 antigen, differ by a number of other antigens which have been designated I1, I2, I3 (previously A), and I4. These antigens differ from the B locus gene products in their molecular size and tissue distribution and it is, therefore, postulated that they represent an equivalent of the Ia antigens in mice (designated I region). Cross immunizations among inbred or outbred guinea pigs identical for currently known B locus and I region antigens yield further antisera, possibly recognizing additional Ia specificities and/or a second GPLA locus designated locus S. Whereas the conventional eosin lymphocytoxicity technique easily permits the detection of the widely distributed antigens (such as the B locus antigens), a more sensitive 51Cr release technique is required to demonstrate the "Ia equivalent" antigens of the guinea pig, possibly due to their restricted presence on the membrane of only some lymphoid cell populations. PMID- 59984 TI - The presence of HLA-D determinants on human skin cells. PMID- 59985 TI - Presence of beta2-microglobulin on the implanting mouse blastocyst. PMID- 59986 TI - HLA frequencies among rejectors and low responders to kidney allografts. PMID- 59987 TI - [Use of colorless active "dyes" in histochemistry]. PMID- 59988 TI - [Cooperative sorbtion of trypaflavin by glycerinized muscle fibers. I. Adsorption isotherm and changes in the fluorescence polarization of the sorbed dye]. AB - The equilibrium binding of a fluorescent cationic dye Tripaflavine (TPF) by frog's glicerinated mucle fibres is described by a S-shaped isotherm: the Langmuir sorption at low dye concentrations in the medium (0.84-10-5--3.38-10-5 M) is followed by the cooperative binding with the increase of concentration (8.45-10-5--338.0-10-5 M). The appearance of new TPF binding centres, alteration in fluorescence anisotropy of sorbed dye as well as inactivation of myosine ATPase of model fibres at high concentrations indicate that the cooperative phase of sorption is characterized by changes in the structure of contractile proteins. PMID- 59990 TI - [Proof of the formation of covalent bonds during staining of histologic preparations with procion dyes]. AB - A method proving the formation of covalent bonds between a procion dye and histological slides is suggested based on the splitting of the covalent bound dye (I) into two parts, and on the synthesis of a new dye (II) on one of the parts of the dye (I) which was bound up with a covalent bond. If covalent bonds have not been formed while staining the slides a new dye (II) is not synthesized because two parts of the dye (I) have passed into solution. PMID- 59989 TI - [Identification of several chromosome aberrations in man by the fluorescent method using quinacrine yprite]. AB - The applications of the fluorescent staining of chromosomes with quinacrine mustard allowed to identify a dicentric Y-chromosome in two patients with defected external gynaetalies: a boy of 15 years old and a girl of 2 years old. Both the patients had mosaicism of sex chromosomes: 45, x/46, x dic (Y). The dicentric Y-chromosome, resembling chromosome, 16, had bright luminescence of the thelomeric regions characteristic of the normal Y-chromosome. Besides, a balanced autosomic translocation t (1, 14) (q 31, q 3) was found in the girl identified also with quinacrine mustard fluorescent staining. PMID- 59991 TI - Initial resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Northern Nigeria. AB - Of 61 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis form patients in northernn Nigeria denying any previous treatment for tuberculosis 7 (11.5 per cent) yielded resistant cultures. Four (6.6 per cent) were resistant to isoniazid, 2 (3.3 per cent) to PAS (1 also to thiacetazone), and 1 (1.6 per cent) to streptomycin. No mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis were isolated from these patients. These results suggest that the level of initial drug resistance in northernn Nigeria may be lower than that found in other African countries. PMID- 59992 TI - [Toluidine blue staining of portio. A simple method for determination of premalignant changes]. PMID- 59993 TI - Oncornavirus-like protein expression in human prostatic tissue. AB - A sensitive competition radioimmunoassay using 125 I-labelled p 30 interspecies antigen, antiserum specific to the interspecies antigen of the feline leukaemia virus, and aqueous tissue extracts from prostate was used to examine benign hyperplastic prostates for the presence of protein components able to complete with the interspecies viral antigens. Six of 20 prostatic nodular hyperplastic tissues were competitive in radioimmunoassay with the 125 I-labelled viral antigen for binding sites on the antiviral antibodies. These findings suggest the presence of oncornavirus-like proteins in prostatic nodular hyperplasia. No correlation could be made between the presence of competing protein and histological features of acute or chronic prostatitis and squamous metaplasia. PMID- 59994 TI - The autonomic innervation of the human prostate. Histochemistry of acetylcholinesterase in the normal and pathologic states. AB - The pattern of innervation of fibres containing AchE was examined by histochemical methods in fresh frozen sections of normal adult prostate, benign nodular hyperplasia, carcinoma of the prostate and the prepubertal prostate. Significant differences between the four groups investigated have been found. PMID- 59995 TI - Is nocturia of prostatism secondary to renal concentrating defect? AB - An attempt was made to demonstrate a relationship between the nocturia of prostatism and decreased renal tubular concentrating capacity. Nos such relationship could be substantiated. In the absence of hydronephrosis, nocturia remains best attributed to detrusor instability and a decreased effective vesical capacity. PMID- 59996 TI - Conformation of adsorbed gamma-globulin and beta-lactoglobulin. Effect of surface concentration. AB - The conformation of both adsorbed gamma-globulin and beta-lactoglobulin is dependent on surface concentration. Infrared bound fraction measurements show that the fraction of adsorbed carbonyl groups decreases as the amount adsorbed increases, while the ellipsometrically measured extension is higher for adsorption from higher concentration solutions. Similar studies with a cross linked gamma-globulin preparation indicate that the native conformation in solution corresponds to an adsorbed conformation intermediate between those found at the extremes of high and low surface concentration. PMID- 59998 TI - Letter: A rapid stain for vaginal smears. PMID- 59997 TI - [Antigenic composition of certain tumor-like laryngeal fromations]. PMID- 59999 TI - Dry period teat seal. PMID- 60000 TI - [Measures in ovine psoroptic mange]. PMID- 60001 TI - [Normalization of thyroid gland function in cows]. PMID- 60002 TI - Alternatives for plasma fractionation. AB - At the present time there is an enormously increasing demand for albumin. The most common procedure for the isolation of this plasma component is the cold ethanol technique developed by Cohn. Because this process necessarily isolates other blood components for which there is less demand in relation to albumin, albumin production is expensive. Therefore, we have developed a two-step fractionation for the isolation of albumin. It is basically a heat precipitation method with the albumin yield being about 90% of the original plasma albumin. In comparison to cold ethanol methods, it is considerably less expensive. Other blood components, e.g., clotting factors, immunoglobulins, may also be isolated. A nonmodified gamma-globulin for intravenous use is obtained by removing anti complementary activity with hydroxyethyl starch. Additional fractionation steps are required to isolate these other components, but unlike in established methods, these are not necessary for the isolation of solely albumin. PMID- 60003 TI - [Excretion of sex hormones in prostatic adenoma]. PMID- 60004 TI - [Neck-shoulder-arm syndrome in the neuropsychiatric consulting hour]. PMID- 60005 TI - [Screening methods for liver diseases]. PMID- 60006 TI - [Protein-analytical studies on the serum and urine of patients with visceral lupus erythematosus]. AB - Serum and urine of patients with ascertained lupus erythematodes visceralis were separated by means of the polyacrylamide gel pore gradient electrophoresis on the same experimental conditions. Deviations from the normal electropherogram were found in the serum within the gamma-globulins. For the demonstration of antinuclear factors the loose body test, the LE-cell test as well as the immunofluorescence test were carried out. In the uropherogram a highly molecular protein band could be proved which did not appear in the serum. In this fraction an immune complex which developed in the area of the kidney might be in question. It is referred to the possibility of the use of the PAA-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the early recognition of renal changes. PMID- 60007 TI - [Practical aspects of the cytostatic therapy of psoriasis]. PMID- 60008 TI - [Blood group specific properties of leucocyte nuclei (author's transl)]. AB - The absorbing and precipitating capacity of leucocyte nuclear suspensions derived from conserved blood of various blood groups was examined with anti-A-, anti-B-, anti-H, anti-M-, anti-N-, and anti-CDE-, and anti-D-sera as well as with anti-AHP and Evonymus-extracts. Nuclei of blood group A absorbed anti-A, but not anti-B; nuclei of blood group B absorbed anti-B, but not anti-A. Nuclei of blood group 0 absorbed anti-H, but neither anti-A nor anti-B. Anti-M-, anti-N-, anti-CDE-, and anti-D-sera showed no absorption effect after incubation with leucocyte nuclei of corresponding blood groups. A nuclei were strongly precipitated by anti-AHP; B- and 0-nuclei were markedly precipitated by Evonymus-extract. B- and 0-nuclei showed only a weak precipitation with anti-AHP-extract; A-nuclei were only slightly precipitated by Evonymus-extract. Hence, leucocyte nuclei possess blood group specific properties, which, according to the present studies, are limited to certain blood group systems. PMID- 60009 TI - Collagen-induced acute synovitis in collagen-immunized rabbits. AB - Thirty rabbits were investigated in 3 groups: a) one consisting of non-immunized animsls which were injected intraarticularly with human soluble collagen, human gammaglobulin or saline, b) the other consisting of human gammaglobulin-immunized animals which were injected with human soluble collagen and human gammaglobulin into the knee joints, and c) the third consisting of human collagen-immunized rabbits which were injected with human soluble collagen and human gammaglobulin into the knee joints. Eighteen hours after injection animals were sacrificed, joint fluid collected, cell number in fluid determined and synovial tissue prepared for histologic investigation. Distinct acute synovitis was observed in collagen injected knees of collagen immunized rabbits, as shown by distinctly increased cell number in fluids and histologic investigation. In comparison to collagen- or gammaglobulin injected knees of non-immunized animals, increase in cell number of collagen injected knees of collagen injected animals was statistically significant with P less than 0.005 respectively with P less than 0.01, and with P less than 0.025 in comparison to gammaglobulin injected contralateral knee. Distinct acute inflammation was observed morphologically in synovial tissue of collagen injected knees of collagen immunized animals only. Acute synovitis was also observed in positive controls, i.e. gammaglobulin injected knees of gammaglobulin immunized animals. These observations show, that appearance of collagen in molecular disposable form can induce acute inflammation of joints in state of collagen immunization. PMID- 60010 TI - [Differences of antigenicity and histaminereceptors between myocardium and smooth muscles]. PMID- 60011 TI - [Importance of registering the phase of the cochlear microphonic potential for evaluating the hearing function of the inner ear normally and in pathology]. PMID- 60012 TI - Diaminobenzidine reactions of mitochondria stabilized with sodium chloride, sucrose and polyvinyl pyrrolidone. PMID- 60013 TI - [The effect of D-penicillamine on experimental allergic arthritis in rabbits]. AB - The effect of D-penicillamine on experimental allergic arthritis in rabbits (16 with arthritis and 15 controls) was investigated. After 40 days of treatment with D-penicillamine (intravenous) the arthritis had receded to a large extent. At the same time a maturation inhibition of the hematopoietic marrow had occurred in all the treated arthritic and control animals. The results suggest that D penicillamine affects fast proliferating cells, to which the precursors of immunologically active cells in the synovial membrane also belong. PMID- 60014 TI - [Autoradiographic examination in prostatic diseases]. PMID- 60015 TI - [Chronic congestion as genesis of the prostatic adenoma, secondary hormonal changes]. PMID- 60016 TI - [Hemodialysis in acute kidney failure and poisoning]. PMID- 60017 TI - [The concentration of antibodies to several exoenzymes of beta-hemolytic streptococci in commercial preparations of gamma globulin]. AB - For the purpose of possible use of commercial preparations of homologous gamma globulin in the outbreaks of streptococcus affections the authors studied the content of antibodies to some streptococcus antigens, namely to O-streptolysin, streptohyaluronidase and streptokinase. High antibody titres to streptokinase were observed in 62.7, to O-streptolysin--in 35.2 and to streptohyaluronidase--in 15.4% of the batches under study. The greatest amount of antibodies to all the antigens under study was revealed in gamma-globulin prepared from the blood sera collected during the automno-winter period of the year. PMID- 60018 TI - ["Polymerism" of the antigen molecule as a factor determining the character of the immunogenic action]. PMID- 60019 TI - [FAB immunoglobulin fragments. I. The comparative characteristics of the serological and virus-neutralizing properties of a gamma globulin against tick borne encephalitis and of the FAB fragments isolated from it]. AB - A comparative study was made of the serological properties and virus-neutralizing activity of antiencephalitis gamma-globulin and Fab-fragments isolated from it by gel-filtration. Horse immunoglobulins against the autumno-summer tick-borne encephalitis virus could be disintegrated with the aid of papaine to monovalent Fab-fragments which (according to the complement fixation reaction, the test of suppression of the complement fixation, and the HAIT) retained the serological activity whose level was compared with that of the serological activity of gamma globulin. Fab-fragments possessed a marked virus-neutralizing activity. The mean value of a logarithm of the neutralization index was 2.65 +/- 0.2 for Fab fragments and 3.74 +/- 0.38 for gamma-globulin (P less than 0.01). PMID- 60020 TI - Intestinal absorption of L-tryptophan in scleroderma. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to study the intestinal absorption of L tryptophan and to assess the absorptive function of the intestine in scleroderma. The oral L-tryptophan loading test was performed in 31 cases of systemic scleroderma (progressive systemic sclerosis, PSS) and 3 cases of localized scleroderma. Serum levels of tryptophan and urinary excretion of indole-acetic acid (IAA) and indican (IS) were determined in order to assess intestinal absorption of tryptophan. In 10 cases the D-xylose test and in 4 cases Schilling's test was also performed. Furthermore, in vitro binding of L tryptophan by plasma proteins in PSS and in other skin diseases as controls was studied. The normal increase in serum tryptophan after loading was noted in 17 cases (in 14 cases of PSS with a mild, slow progression in 3 cases of PSS with a severe, rapidly progressing course). In 10 of these cases, urinary excretion of IAA was higher than normal and in normal and in 3 cases excretion of urinary IS was also above normal. On the other hand, in 14 cases of severe, rapidly progressing PSS and in 2 of 3 cases of widespread linear scleroderma, serum levels of tryptophan were markedly depressed after loading, while urinary excretion of IAA and IS was normal. In all 4 cases studied, Schilling's test was normal, and only in 2 of 10 cases of PSS was the D-xylose test abnormal. It is concluded that in the majority of cases of PSS, intestinal absorpiton of tryptophan is normal as also is the absorptive function of the intestine. The slight rise in serum tryptophan after loading in some cases of PSS may be a result of increased binding of tryptophan by albumin. PMID- 60021 TI - Study of some minerals in scalp hair and blood sera of psoriatics. AB - Scalp hair and blood sera of two groups of psoriatic individuals were examined regarding some of their mineral contents by flame photometric and colorimetric procedures, and the findings compared with a normal control group. The result obtained revealed changes in the mineral content of scalp hair of psoriatics. A possible relationship may exist between hair and serum minerals. PMID- 60022 TI - Histiocytosis X with skin lesions as the sole clinical expression. AB - The case is presented of a patient with histiocytosis X of the skin of some 25 years' duration. Extensive investigation failed to reveal any other signs of the disease in other organs. The light and electron microscope findings are described. The electron microscope study revealed an abundant cytoplasm with numerous mitochondria, vacuoles, dense bodies, a well-developed Golgi apparatus and numerous Langerhans' cell granules. PMID- 60023 TI - Study of elastolytic activity Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermis in acne vulgaris and in normal skin. AB - Histopathological sections of anetoderma-like scars from 10 patients with acne vulgaris showed a selective absence of elastic fibers around pilosebaceous follicles. This finding is similar to the histologic changes of "perifollicular elastolysis" reported by Varadi. Bacteria isolated by anaerobic and aerobic cultures of swabs of the skin surface and pus of these 10 patients, 12 others with active acne vulgaris and 8 normal subjects were studied with particular attention to Staphylococcus epidermis and Propionibacterium acnes. These organisms were analysed for production of an elastolytic enzyme which might play a role in the observed selective loss of elastic fibers. No elastolytic activity was produced by S. epidermidis or P. acnes isolated from any of these individuals. Thus, we cannot attribute the perifollicular loss of elastic fibers in acne scarring to an elastase produced by organisms. The observed absence of elastic fibers might result from tissue necrosis produced by leukocytes during the inflammatory phase, followed by collagenous scar formation without regeneration of elastic fibers. PMID- 60024 TI - An evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs to various trichophytin preparations. AB - Guinea pigs immunized with mycelium from Trichophyton mentagrophytes in Freund's complete adjuvant were tested intradermally with the following trichophytin preparations: TrI extracted by ethylene glycol, TrII extracted by phenol and TrII, a commercially obtained preparation fromSachsisches Serumverk KG. In our experience, TrI was found to be superior to the other preparations. It showed signifiicant delayed skin reactions in all sensitized animals and none in the controls. Lymphocyte stimulation test with this preparation (TrI) gave positive results. PMID- 60025 TI - Plasma concentrations of griseofulvin in healthy volunteers and out-patients treated for onychomycosis. AB - Therapeutic failure of griseofulvin therapy are fairly common, espcially when toe nail infections are treated. The reasons for the failures remain largely unknown. The aim of the present investigation was to study whether pharmacokinetic factors may be responsible. At first, single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics of griseofulvin were analysed in volunteers by means of a gas-chromatographic technique. It was found that there was no difference in plasma levels of the three brands of griseofulvin commercially available in Sweden, whereas there was a singificant difference of absorption between individuals. The plasma half-life varied considerably from day to day in the same individual. In the second part of the investigation griseofulvin plasma concentrations were determined in 27 patients treated with griseofulvin for onychomycosis and related to the therapeutic result. All patients but one were initially improved but the therapeutic effect faded in 15 patients after 5-20 months of treatment ("partially healed" patients). In 11 patients the nail infections were clinically healed after 6-24 months. However, no statistically significant difference of the plasma griseofilvin levels could be demonstrated between the healed and partially healed groups. Some possible reasons for the therapeutic failure are discussed. PMID- 60026 TI - 5-Fluoro-uracil cream in the successful treatment of therapeutically refractory condylomata acuminata of the urinary meatus. AB - A therapeutic trial of 5% 5-Fluoro-uracil in cream form was conducted in 40 men with condylomata acuminata unresponsive to other therapeutic measures. Sixty per cent of the condylomata on the genital and/or anal mucosa showed complete regression. The most promising results were recorded in the cases of condylomata affecting the urinary meatus. These lesions disappeared in 13 of 14 cases after an average of 3 weeks' treatment with subjectively few side effects. With regard to this type of condylomata it may be said that a great therapeutical advance has been achieved. The treatment of other condylomata involving the genital or anal mucosa often causes intolerable discomfort to the patients. The method should in these cases therefore be attempted only when the lesions prove to be refractory to other methods of treatment. In its present form the application of 5-FU cream is difficult to confine solely to the condylomata itself. The cream appears to have little or no effect on condylomata at sites other than the mucosa. PMID- 60027 TI - Miconazole in the treatment of candidiasis of the digestive tract. AB - Miconazole nitrate tablets were used in the treatment of candidiasis of the oral cavity and the digestive tract. In 5 out of 6 patients with severe, predisposing factors and who had received previous unsuccessful antimycotic therapy, clinical improvement occurred after a few days of miconazole treatment. Mycological cure of these 5 patients was achieved after 1-11 weeks of treatment. Three of the 5 cured patients relapsed after 3 months, due to basic failure. One patient complained of the drug's unpleasant taste. Otherwise, no side effects were observed. There was no apparent development of any resistance to the drug. PMID- 60028 TI - Metronidazole and acne. AB - The strong activity of metroindazole against obligate anaerobes suggested that the organism Proprionobacterium acnes and the disease acne vulgaris might respond to treatment with this drug. Thirty-three clinical isolated of P. acnes were tested and found to be highly resistant to metronidazole. Prospects for its successful use in acne are remote. PMID- 60029 TI - Comparison of desoximetasone and hydrocortisone butyrate in psoriasis. AB - Thirty psoriatics were treated for 2 weeks on a double-blind controlled basis with desoximetasone (0.25%) and with hydrocortisone butyrate (0.1%). It was a randomised left-right comparative trial. Thirteen out of 27 patients preferred desoximetasone, 3 patients preferred hydrocortisone butyrate. There was also a significantly better effect of desoximetasone as judged by the observer after the second week of treatment. PMID- 60030 TI - Bullous pyoderma gangrenosum in association with myeloid leukaemia. AB - The case is presented of a patient with busulfan (Myleran) treated myeloid leukaemia, who developed bullous pyoderma gangrenosum. Skin symptoms appeared at the time when treatment was discontinued due to signs of bone marrow depression. The pyoderma disappeared following treatment with systemic steroid. PMID- 60031 TI - Wound dressing with collagen film in skin planing. PMID- 60032 TI - Letter: Treatment of psoriasis with oral psoralens and longwave ultraviolet light. PMID- 60033 TI - Letter: An immunohistochemical study of the skin of healthy individuals. PMID- 60034 TI - Diabetic retinopathy. A clinical and morphological study. AB - Twenty retinas of diabetic patients and 10 retinas of non-diabetic controls were examined histologically and the findings correlated to clinical conditions. In the whole mounts of retinas the relationship of vascular and nervous changes could easily be followed. The results demonstrate that retinal changes in diabetes are more frequent than would be expected from ophthalmoscopic exploration. PMID- 60035 TI - The serum protein profile in chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. AB - Using the single radial immunodiffusion method, the serum levels of IgG, IgA, Ig M, transferrin, haptoglobin, alpha2-macroglobulin, alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha1 acid glycoprotein were estimated in healthy subjects and patients with liver diseases consisting of chronic active and inactive hepatitis, incipient cirrhosis, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. The results obtained from the statistical analysis of the data were as follows: i) Immunoglobulins and alpha2 macroglobulin in all diseases were higher than those of healthy subjects. ii) The increased transferrin levels were found in chronic active and inactive hepatitis, and the increased alpha1-antitrypsin levels were observed in chronic inactive hepatitis, in incipient cirrhosis in cirrhosis and in primary liver cancer was higher than those of the other liver diseases. iii) Haptoglobulin levels in all diseases except for chronic inactive hepatitis were decreased. iv) alpha1-acid glycoprotein in chronic active hepatitis, in incipient cirrhosis and in cirrhosis were lower than that of healthy subjects. The evaluation of significance for difference of each protein level among disease groups clarified that the decrease of haptoglobin in cirrhosis and the increase of alpha1-antitrypsin in primary liver cancer were characteristic change respectively. PMID- 60036 TI - Action of anti-mouse IgE on mouse and rat mast cells. AB - The action of anti-mouse IgE on normal or sensitized mouse and rat peritoneal mast cells as well as on the reaginic activity of mouse and rat antisera was studied. Anti-mouse IgE induced histamine release from normal mouse peritoneal mast cells in vitro and this effect was greatly enhanced when mast cells were actively sensitized. The action of anti-mouse IgE on normal rat peritoneal mast cells was slight; it was enhanced after sensitization of these cells with mouse reaginic antibodies as well as after active sensitization. Moreover, anti-mouse IgE is able to neutralise the reaginic activity of mouse and rat antisera. The results suggest that there exist some functional and structural similarities between mouse and rat IgE. PMID- 60037 TI - Calcified inclusions in the superficial pineal gland of the mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus. AB - A histological and histochemical study of the pineal gland of neonatal, juvenile and adult gerbils is described. Calcified inclusions appear within pinealocytes in the superficial pineal about the third week of age, and the incidence of inclusions increased with age until, by the eleventh week, they are found in all animals. The inclusions contain an organic matrix composed of a carbohydrate, probably an acid mucopolysaccharide, complexed to protein. Calcification does not occur in the deep pineal. The data are interpreted to indicate that the formation of calcified inclusions is a normal process within the gerbil pineal. The similarity of the process of calcification in the gerbil and in the human pineal suggests that the gerbil may be an animal of choice for the controlled study of the phenomenon of pineal calcification. PMID- 60038 TI - A morphologically different type of smooth muscle cell in the inner media of the splenic artery. AB - A morphologically different cell type to the typically smooth muscle cell has been found in the inner medial layers of the splenic artery. Besides the morphological differences, typical criteria for a smooth muscle cell are demonstrated, giving an account of their identity. Morphological details are described. The importance of these cells as regards lesions of the vessel wall is briefly discussed. PMID- 60039 TI - [Radiotherapeutic guide lines in prostatic cancer]. PMID- 60040 TI - [Detection of malignant tumors of the ORL region by means of technetium-labeled bleomycin]. PMID- 60041 TI - Potentiation of anaphylactic histamine release from isolated rat pleural mast cells by rat serum phospholipids. AB - Isolation of sensitized rat mast cells by density gradient centrifugation in Ficoll decreases the histamine release obtained when they are subsequently exposed to antigen. The histamine release from such isolated cells is potentiated by the addition of 2% boiled rat serum. This potentiation is dose-dependent and has a temperature optimum of about 25 degrees C. The potentiating activity was localized to the serum phospholipid fraction. Of the pure phospholipids studies (LPC, PC, PE, PI, PS and SM) only phosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylcholine were found to potentiate the histamine release. The mechanism behind this potentiation is discussed and it is suggested that the potentiation by phosphatidylserine and lysophosphatidylcholine is due to a requirement of these phospholipids for the ion exchange (Na+, K+ and Ca++) or the adenylcyclase activity essential for the histamine release process. PMID- 60042 TI - [Determination of hexachlorocyclohexane by direct titration with sodium ethoxide in anhydrous medium]. PMID- 60043 TI - Growth and remodeling of bone. An investigation in chicken with special reference to the mechanism of bone resorption. AB - Bone resorption was studied in chicken by means of histologic and microradiographic examination after intravital injections of three boneseeking fluorochromes. The fluorochromes were injected at intervals from 36 hours to 5 days, and the chicken were killed at 36 hours to 10 days after injection of the third fluorochrome. Signs of osteolysis, such as enlarged osteocyte lacunae surrounded by a metachromatic zone in toluidine blue stained sections, and confluence of osteocyte lacunae in microradiographs, were compared with the fluorochrome labelling pattern. There was no correlation between the histologic findings of osteolysis and the fluorochrome resorption pattern which indicated that existence of so-called bone flow. In the "haversian systems" at midshaft level, the color pattern remained unchanged till resorption took place from the endosteal side. Osteoclasia seemed to be the dominant mode of resorption. The conclusion was drawn that bone flow does not exist in the tibiae of chicken. PMID- 60044 TI - Clostridium difficile. AB - Seventy-five meconium samples were examined for the presence of Cl. difficile; 3 strains were isolated. Additionally 45 laboratory animal faeces specimens were tested for the same purpose, a further 2 cases were isolated. These five suspicious strains were identified as Cl. difficle according to the tests mentioned in the previous paragraphs. The organisms isolated here showed the same characteristics as five of the strains received and also as the organisms isolated from the inoculated animals with the crude cultures of Cl. difficile. These organisms were variable in size, roughly 2-9 XO.3-0. 8u, Gram positive rods, motile, capsulated, flagellated, most probably peritrichous, possessing non bulging spores located terminally or subterminally, free spores were rarely detectable. Cell arrangements: singly or in pairs and occasionally in short chains. On longer incubation the organisms slightly shifted to become Gram variable and longer in size. Colonies on ordinary agar and solid blood agar appeared to be punctiform and rough. On the other hand the colony appearance on the rest of the solid media which are mentioned previously are as follows: 1-3 mm in diameter, greenish, smooth, non-haemolytic, entire some showing slight irregularities of their edges. Colonies slightly raised, butyrous and semi opaque to opaque. This organism does not liquify the serum of Loeffler medium and also does not cause any changes of this medium. The metachromatic granules are readily seen by Albert's staining. Neither proteolytic nor lipolytic activities are possessed by this organism. Sensitivity to antibiotics showed the same pattern as mentioned about the strains received. PMID- 60045 TI - [Mixed cryoglobulinemia with pepsin agglutinator activity and fragments of IgG in the cryoglobulin]. PMID- 60046 TI - [Changes of serum proteins after craniocerebral trauma - comparison of alpha 2 and alpha 2M (author's transl)]. AB - Quantitive estimations of serum proteins, including Alpha 2M globulin, from 34 patients suffering from craniocerbral trauma have been carried out. The mean value curves over a period of two weeks following trauma are presented graphically. After severe injuries, depending on the size of the cerebral lesions, an increase in Alpha 2 of prognostic significance has been observed. Levels of Alpha 2M do not correlate directly with Alpha 2 globulin, and tend to fall initially. Falls in the first three days after injury may be prognostically significant from the point of view of the prediction of a lethal outcome. There are no significant changes in the levels of total protein, albumin, Beta globulin or Gamma globulin, but Alpha 1 globulin follows the curve of Alpha 2, although to a less marked degree. Correlations between serum protease activites and increases in Alpha 2 due to enzymatically active complexes are unconnected with Alpha 2M, a decrease in which indicates increased inhibitor activity and exhaustion of the inhibitor system. PMID- 60048 TI - The morphological approach to the study of normal and abnormal brain permeability. PMID- 60047 TI - Penetration of proteins in the central nervous system. PMID- 60049 TI - Renewal of phospholipids in the myelin sheath. PMID- 60050 TI - The role of the acute phase reaction in inflammation. AB - Inflammation and injury to tissue results in a variety of local and systemic events, however although the local events of oedema formation and cellular infiltration have received considerably more attention the systemic response to inflammation is no less profound. The particular systemic event which forms the substance of this communication is the change in the circulating levels of plasma proteins which occurs after inflammatory injury, and the manner in which these changes in plasma concentration are controlled by changes in plasma concentration are controlled by changes in the rate of synthesis. A discussion of the role of the liver in controlling inflammatory events, in relation to the synthesis of an anti-inflammatory protein has been given; the present work is an extension of this and describes the changes in concentration and synthesis rate of albumin, fibrinogen and alpha1 acid glycoprotein during adjuvant arthritis in the rat. The changes which occur are regulated at the liver by alteration of the rate of synthesis of the individual protein. For example albumin at the height of adjuvant arthritis falls to a third of its normal plasma level whereas the level of alpha1 acid glycoprotein increases up to twenty-fold; these changes are reflected by similar changes in their synthesis rate by the liver. The effect of the fall in albumin concentration on the plasma binding of anti-inflammatory drugs (and their toxicity) in relation to these findings will be discussed along with the biological role of the acute phase plasma proteins and hence the influence of the liver in the response to injury. PMID- 60051 TI - Immunological and non-immunological mechanisms of some of the desirable and undesirable effects of anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. AB - Studies were carried out on patients with adverse reactions to aspirin, paracetamol, phenacetin, codeine, dihydrocodeine, some pyrazolone derivatives, and indomethacin. Three clinico-pathological forms of adverse reactions received particular attention: (1) Asthma, with or without manifestations of systemic anaphylaxis; (2) Serum-sickness-like syndrome; (3) Lymph node enlargement with histological features simulating lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease, which occurred in patients receiving phenylbutazone in particular. A variety of immunological investigations, including some in vitro correlates of immediate- or delayed-type allergy, were carried out. The three syndromes seemed to be associated with immediate-type (or immediate-type-like), immediate-type plus delayed-type, and delayed-type allergy, respectively. In most of the patients with immediate-type like reactions, and where immunological mechanisms were apparently not involved, pharmacological mediators, particularly histamine, were released from their leucocytes when challenged in vitro with the causative agent(s). This suggested that the main underlying abnormality of their asthma or peripheral vascular manifestations was a direct release of mediators by the drugs, i.e. some type of idiosyncrasy. The causative mechanism of this abnormality has not been established yet. PMID- 60053 TI - Elastic fiber formation in monolayer and organ cultures of chondrocytes isolated from auricular cartilage. AB - Chondrocytes were isolated from auricular cartilage of immature rabbits and maintained in monolayer or organ culture for 14 days. In both types of culture the chondrocytes formed conspicuous elastic fibers. In monolayer culture the fibers could be identified by orcein staining in the culture dish. Electron microscopy of organ cultures revealed the presence of two basic components of elastic fibers, i.e. microfibrils and elastin. PMID- 60052 TI - Tricuspid atresia: results of treatment in 160 children. AB - Experience in managing 160 patients with tricuspid atresia is reviewed. The majority of these children require operative treatment in the 1st year of life. Clinical management of this rather complex anomaly is simplified by classifying each child according to total pulmonary blood flow. An overall plan of management for patients with decreased pulmonary flow is suggested. This consists of a Potts shunt as an initial procedure, limiting its anastomotic growth so that pulmonary flow becomes inadequate at age 10 to 12 years. A Glenn anastomosis is then constructed as the second procedue. The Fontan procedure should be considered carefully as an alternative to the Glenn anastomosis in these older children. Children with increased pulmonary blood flow and transposition of the great arteries are likely to require pulmonary arterial banding in infancy. Otherwise, patients in this smaller group are managed with the same overall plan. Results of long-term palliation have been good. PMID- 60054 TI - Tannic acid as an electron-dense probe in the testis. AB - The use of tannic acid to preserve and promote the staining of protein constituents of the extracellular fluid is described. Its usefulness for delineating the extracellular compartment and detecting changes in capillary permeability is illustrated in experiments on the testis. PMID- 60055 TI - Letter: Liver carcinoma and pyridoxine deficiency. PMID- 60056 TI - Gastric carcinoid following gastrojejunostomy. AB - A carcinoid tumor of the gastric body was found in a patient who had a gastrojejunostomy done for duodenal ulcer 36 years earlier. Association of gastric carcinoid with gastrojejunostomy has previously been described by Lemmer. In contrast, such tumors have never been observed when the more common surgical procedure for peptic ulcer was used, ie, gastric resection. On the basis of recent knowledge on gastric endocrine cells, the authors suggest a relationship between the gastrojejunostomy and the carcinoid tumor, probably related to an elevated gastrin release. PMID- 60058 TI - Relative concentrations in human sera of antibodies to cross-reacting and specific antigens of Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. AB - The relative concentrations of antibodies to the cross-reacting and type-specific antigens of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 were examined in sera from patients who had been infected by type 1 virus only, by type 2 virus only or by both viruses. Complement-dependent lysis of 51Cr-labeled cells was used to measure antibodies to the surface antigens of cells infected by the viruses. Approximately 80% of the antibody activity was attributable to cross-reacting antigens and 20% to type-specific antigens in sera from patients infected with either type 1 or type 2 virus. Among patients infected with type 1 virus and then type 2 virus, approximately 90% of the antibody activity was to the cross reacting antigens, 5 to 10% to type 1-specific antigens and little or no antibody to type 2-specific antigens. The observations suggest that infection by type 2 virus in patients with a prior type 1 infection results in an antibody response to the cross-reacting antigens with little or no response to the type-specific antigens. PMID- 60057 TI - Quantitation of antibodies to Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by complement dependent antibody lysis of infected cells. AB - The release of 51Cr from cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2 by antibody and complement was examined as a method of quantitating antibodies to the viruses. With decreasing concentration of antibody, a typical dose response curve was observed; a region of antibody excess in which dilution did not affect percentage of specific 51Cr release followed by a region in which a linear relation existed between dilution and percentage of specific 51Cr release. Therefore, a quantitative expression of antibody titer was defined as that dilution of serum which yielded 50% specific 51Cr release. The slopes of the linear portion of the dose-response curves were characteristic of the type of virus used to infect the cells and not upon the source of antiserum, thus, the slopes could be used to estimate antibody titers. The multiplicity of infection influenced the antibody titers; reproducible results were obtained when cultures were infected with 3 to 5 plaque-forming units per cell; the antibody titers decreased when less virus was used. The antibody titers obtained by the 51Cr release test were similar to those obtained by a microneutralization test. The 51Cr release test was found to be reproducible and to be useful in estimating the percentages of antibody activity attributable to antibodies to cross-reacting and type-specific antigens. PMID- 60059 TI - The frequency of chromosome aberrations in tall men with special reference to 47, XYY and 47, XXY. AB - All men born during the years 1944-1947 to mothers who were inhabitants of Copenhagen when they gave birth, were identified. The adult heights of all but 2,552 of these 31,438 men were obtained; a group of 4,591 men at least 184 cm tall were selected for examination. Samples for chromosome studies were obtained from 4,139 (90.2%) of these tall men. A total of 41 (1%) abnormalities were identified (33 sex chromosome abnormalities, including 12 XYYs (0.3%) and 16 XXYs (0.4%), 6 autosomal abnormalities, and two of uncertain origin). The XYY and XXY groups were taller than the selected sample of tall XY men. PMID- 60060 TI - The segregation of C-band polymorphisms on chromosomes 1, 9, and 16. AB - Eleven normal families with at least four children were studied cytogenetically using the C-band technique to identify polymorphisms in the constitutive heterochromatin of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16. Thirteen individuals showed one or more variants in such chromosomes. The analysis of the segregation ratios in the 35 offspring of these 13 individuals showed that these marker chromosomes generally segregated according to the expected 50:50. However, one of these variants, chromosome no. 9 with an increased heterochromatin block in the secondary constriction, has an apparently preferential segregation, when the findings from this study are combined with those of other authors. PMID- 60061 TI - Methenamine-silver-stained corneal scrapings in keratomycosis. AB - A shortened version of Grocott's methenamine-silver technique for use in staining corneal scrapings was superior to current methods for the diagnosis of mycotic keratitis. PMID- 60062 TI - Current practices in evaluating motor behavior of disabled children. AB - Current practices in evaluating motor behavior were studied in a sample of facilities providing services to children in the United States and Canada. Two hundred and fifty-six supposedly different published and unpublished tests were reported in use by a variety of disciplines. Respondents reported dissatisfaction with many of the tests and also indicated a general pattern of misusing the tests in relation to the disability groups and age ranges for whom the tests were developed. Results are discussed in relation to the need for an interdisciplinary approach to knowledge development and personnel preparation in the area of motor evaluation. PMID- 60063 TI - A commentary on Dr. Lewko's article: Current practices in evaluating motor behavior of disabled children. PMID- 60064 TI - Pseudoobstruction in ceroidosis. AB - Diffuse deposition of ceroid pigment in the muscularis propria of the gastrointestinal tract in a patient with a long history of malabsorption of unknown origin is reported. The depostion of this waste pigment is not reversible and is related to prolonged depletion of vitamin E. Progressive dilatation and hypomotility of the entire gastrointestinal tract are demonstrated by radiographic studies and possibly related to infiltrate of ceroid pigment in the smooth muscle cell with resulting functional impairment. In the differential diagnosis of ceroidosis with other disease, scleroderma has the closest roentgenographic similarity. Pseudoobstruction of the small bowel which can develop must be treated conservatively to avoid unnecessary bowel resection. PMID- 60066 TI - Staining for lipoxygenase activity in electrophoretic gels. PMID- 60065 TI - [The influence of different plasma substitutes on blood clotting and platelet function during and after operations (author's transl)]. AB - It has been shown in clinical experiments that plasma substitutes generally have a specific-colloidal influence on special parts of the clotting system. These changes are predominant after infusion of dextran, since on one hand there is an inhibition of platelet function, and on the other hand a decrease in the activity of plasmatic clotting factors. It is to be emphasized that hydroxyethyl starch and with some restrictions even gelatins cause a comparable inhibition of platelet function. These reactions are due to colloid-specific effects only, which have been unknown up to now. Activities of plasmatic clotting factors, however, are not influenced by these substitutes. PMID- 60067 TI - Fluorometric-colorimetric amino acid analysis of actinomycins using fluorescamine. Mechanism of partial threonine decomposition during acid hydrolysis. PMID- 60068 TI - Improved staining method for differentiating immature germ cells from white blood cells in human seminal fluid. AB - A new staining method for differentiating WBCs from immature germ cells in seminal fluid has been studied. It is a combination of Bryan's sperm stain, which particulary stains the acrosomal cap of the spermatozoa and the spermatid, and Leishman's blood stain which stains the WBCs in the same way as found in blood smears. The peroxidase positive granules in the cytoplasm of the PMN leukocytes are seen clearly. Thus, it is possible to differentiate PMN leukocytes from non separated spermatids when they are present in a common cytoplasm. The staining of acrosomal cap permits differentiation between spermatids and lymphocytes. PMID- 60069 TI - Anaphylaxis: etiology and guidelines for management. AB - The successful management of anaphylaxis requires a thorough understanding of this syndrome and the application of various therapeutic agents. Although the mechanisms responsible for human anaphylaxis are not fully known, sufficient data and clinical experience are available to guide the anesthesiologist faced with this medical emergency. PMID- 60070 TI - The President's corner: Continuing education in pain control. PMID- 60071 TI - Production of an equine anti-bovine leukocyte serum. AB - A method is described for production of an equine anti-bovine leukocyte serum (EABLS). Leukocytes were harvested from the milk of cow's udders which had been irritated with endotoxin. The washed leukocytes as antigens were administered to 2 horses in a series of subcutaneous and intravenous injections. There was a variably progressive increase in total serum proteins and a decrease in albumin/blobulin ratios, but the most pronounced change was an increase in beta2 globulins. Accompanying these changes was an increase in the number of precipitin lines as shown by Ouchterlony analysis. Four old cows and 2 calves were intravenously given a 50- and 20-ml dose, respectively, of the EABLS. Two of the cows and 1 of the calves were given the EABLS which had been heated to 56 C for 30 minutes. Both calves and the 2 cows given heated EABLS and 1 cow given unheated EABLS developed marked neutropenia within the 1st hour. The 4th cow given unheated EABLS developed only slight neutropenia. It was concluded that there may be variation in the individual animal's susceptibility to the neutropenia-inducing activity of EABLS. PMID- 60072 TI - Immunocompetent cells of the turkey: antigenic surface determinants of turkey lymphoid cells. AB - The serologic properties of chicken antiserums to turkey bursa and thymus were assayed by the cytotoxicity tests and indirect immunofluorescence. The following antigenic surface determinants were detected, using proper absorptions on thymic and bursal lymphoic cells: (a) common lymphocyte antigens present on both kinds of cells, (b) thymus-specific antigens, (c) bursa-specific antigens, and (d) immunoglobulin surface determinants in bursa cells, as revealed by direct immunofluorescence. PMID- 60073 TI - 5-Azacytidine. A new anticancer drug with effectiveness in acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - Clinical studies involving 5-azacytidine, a ring analogue of cytidine, began in Europe in 1967 and the United States in 1970, and we review available preclinical and clinical studies here. The drug possesses cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, abortive, and mutagenic activity in various biological systems. 5 Azacytidine is thought to exert its antineoplastic effect through interference with nucleic acid metabolism. The dose-limiting toxicities are nausea, vomiting, and leukopenia, while the incidence of thrombocytopenia is low. Hepatic toxicity ranges from abnormal findings in liver function tests to hepatic coma. Clinical results in solid tumors are not encouraging, but 5-azacytidine shows consistent antitumor activity in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia resistant to previous treatment. An overall response rate of 36%, with 20% complete remissions, was achieved in 200 previously treated patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Further studies must define the role of 5-azacytidine alone and in combination for the first-line treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 60074 TI - [Comparative study "in vitro" between rabies and rabies related viruses by the sensitized lymphocytes technique]. AB - Rabbit lymphocytes obtained from animals previously exposed to rabies virus undergo a specific lymphoblastic transformation when incubated in vitro in the presence of either the complete virus or a nucleocapsid fraction. This type of in vitro transformation was observed by the Pasteur, Lagos, Mokola, Obodhiang viruses as well as the virus HEP in cells originally exposed only to the virus HEP. In additions to the morphological changes of lymphoblastic transformation, 3H-thymidine incorporation was stimulated about 21 to 67 fold in homologous system and about 6 to 39 in heterologous systems and unrelated with other virus system like influenza. These results suggest an immunological relationship between the classic rabies strains (HEP, Pasteur) and subgroup rhabdovirus (Lagos, Mokola, Obodhiang). PMID- 60075 TI - Primary carcinoma of the liver. AB - Primary carcinoma of the liver is rare in Western countries but it is a common malignant tumour in many parts of the tropics. Much has been learnt in recent years about its pathology, manifestations, and aetiology that is relevant to the whole field of oncology. The important distinction between carcinomas of liver cell and bile-duct origin, the phenomenon of alpha-fetoprotein production, and the role of cirrhosis are discussed in the context of newly discovered aetiological factors such as gonadal steroids, mycotoxins, and the hepatitis B virus. PMID- 60076 TI - [Contribution to the antigenic study of influenza viruses in animals. I.- Neuraminidase of the equine influenza viruses (author's transl)]. AB - From the Revised Nomenclature of WHO, the fowl influenza virus A/Duck/Ukraine/63 (Hav7 Neq2) has the same neuraminidase as the equine virus A/equi 2/Miami/63 (Heq2 Neq2); the A/Chicken Germany "N"/49 virus has the same neuraminidase as the equine virus A/equi 1/Prague/56. A comparative study of the antigenic specificities confirms that the Neq2 neuraminidases are closely connected, whatever their animal origin, and that the fowl strain Hav7 Neq2 can be used for the titration of anti Neq2 antibodies in the serums of animals immunized with the equine virus Heq2 Neq2. The Neqi neuraminidases of various animal origins are connected, but the neuraminidase of the fowl strain Hav2 Neqi is slightly inhibited by the anti Neq1 antibodies of animals immunized with the Heq1 Neq1 virus: to titrate the anti Neq1 antibodies of equine origin, the H72 Neq1 recombinant should therefore be used. The antigenic characterization of the different equine influenza strains isolated since 1967 by the study of their neuraminidase has been completed: The various neuraminidases, like the hemagglutinins of the various strains belonging to the sub-type A equi2 are closely connected; a minor antigenic variation, concerning the two surface antigens, seems to exist between the strain A equi 1/Prague/56 and the strain of the same subtype isolated in 1973. PMID- 60077 TI - Staining of minerals and solubility of iron in tissues. AB - Iron deposits in ethionine induced aortic siderosis of rats, in splenic deposits in sickle cell anemia and siderocalcific vessels in cerebral arteriosclerosis were completely removed by exposure to 20 percent hydrochloric acid for 30 min. This contrasted with idiopathic hemochromatosis and idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis in which the iron containing organs had to be exposed to 40 percent hydrochloric acid for two hours. The more soluble iron appeared colorless in unstained tissues, purplish blue with hematoxylin and eosin, turquoise blue with Perls' stain, violet blue with gallocyanin and dark-drown with sodium rhodizonate. The less soluble iron was golden yellow in unstained tissues. It appeared golden yellow with hematoxylin and eosin and sodium rhodizonate, but it stained greenish blue with Perls' method and dark brown with gallocyanin. Lead and copper were capable of deposition in some tissues in vitro in the presence of iron and/or calcium but not when these minerals were removed. This phenomenon may be of importance in certain pathological conditions, e.g. hemochromatosis, where on preexisting tissue-iron-complexes there is a secondary deposition of copper. PMID- 60078 TI - [Additive activity of IgE and IgGa anaphylactic antibodies in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Anaphylactic antibodies of two different classes are produced in rats: IgE and IgGa. When injected into the skin of normal animals, IgE remains at the site of injection for two weeks or more, while IgGa diffuses out within hours. In order to determine whether the anaphylactic reaction produced by one class of antibody is modified by the simultaneous presence of the other class of antibody, sites were prepared in normal rats with IgE antibody and 24 hours later IgGa antibody was injected into the same sites. The passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions was elicited 2 hours later by intravenous challenge with an excess of antigen. The results indicated that both antibodies acted in an additive way. No inhibition or potentiation was observed. PMID- 60079 TI - Optical studies of metaphase chromosome organization. PMID- 60080 TI - [Experimental and clinical study test of capreomycin]. AB - Data on the experimental and clinical study of capreomycin in the treatment of tuberculosis are presented. It was shown that capreomycin had low activity with respect to the sensitive strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Rv in vitro and the respective infection caused by it in mice. The activity of capreomycin in vitro with respect to streptomycin resistant strains was the same as that with respect to the sensitive strains, while in vivo it increased 3 times. Capreomycin showed a tendency to decreasing its activity with respect to strains highely resistant to canamycin only in vitro. The effect of capreomycin on tuberculosis infection caused by strains resistant to different concentrations of canamycin was the same as that on tuberculosis infection caused by sensitive strains. Cross resistance between florimycin (viomycin) and capreomycin was shown. Clinical trails of capreomycin revealed its moderate therapeutic efficiency, relatively low toxicity and an allergenizing effect on the host. Transient ventibulopatia without pronounced signs of ototoxic action was observed. The nephrotoxic effect was moderate and transient. It was observed predominantly at the peak of the allergic reactions to the antitubercle drugs. The data obtained during the study allow recommendation of capreomycin use in clinics as reserve drug when the causative agent is not resistant to florimycin. The drug should be used under regular control of the blood picture, electrolyte metabolism, state of the kidneys, auditory and vestibular apparatus. PMID- 60081 TI - A colour reaction for the differentiation of ascomycetous and hemibasidiomycetous yeasts. AB - Seventy yeast strains, representative of twenty-six ascogenous genera, four saprobic hemibasidiomycetous genera and thirteen genera of the Cryptococcales were tested for their reaction with the stabilized aromatic diazonium compound, Diazonium Blue B salt. An aqueous, buffered solution of this compound gave a characteristic red colouration with the colonies of the hemibasidiomycetous species and those Cryptococcales characterized by the hemibasidiomycetous cell wall type. The characteristic colour reaction was not observed with colonies of either the ascomycetous yeasts or those Cryptococcales characterized by the ascomycetous cell-wall type. The possibly taxonomic use of the colour reaction with Diazonium Blue B salt as an affinitive characteristic is discussed. PMID- 60082 TI - [Air pollution caused by traffic sources in the Brussels urban area]. PMID- 60084 TI - Letter: Treatment of plantar warts with bleomycin. PMID- 60083 TI - Cross-sensitivity of common aminoglycoside antibiotics. AB - Guinea pigs were sensitized to neomycin (A, B, or C), paromomycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and dihydrostreptomycin via intradermal or foot-pad injection with an adjuvant containing killed Mycobacterium butyricum or M tuberculosis H37Ra (Ra). These antibiotics produced greater cross-sensitization with an increase in the number of immunizations and chemical structural similarities. After repeated intradermal injections (adjuvant Ra) of neomycin, guinea pigs showed cross-sensitization to paromomycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin. A single intradermal injection of one of these antibiotics produced stronger reactions to the most closely related antibiotics, with no meaningful sensitization to the least-related allergens. Streptomycin-sensitized guinea pigs seldom showed a meaningful cross-sensitization to dihydrostreptomycin or the other antibiotics (except neomycin C); however, guinea pigs sensitized to dihydrostreptomycin or the other antibiotics often showed strong cross sensitization to streptomycin. PMID- 60085 TI - Predictive value of early developmental examination. AB - A developmental examination was carried out on 168 children at intervals over a 3 year period. The results suggest that developmental screening of this type is effective in picking out the "poor performers" who might well benefit from preschool education and extra health visitor supervision. On the other hand, the test given to children under the age of one year failed to pick out 2 children who were found to be moderately handicapped at the time of the 3-year examination. The study under-lined some of the problems of universal screening which require further research, and the need to assess the results of developmental screening clinic. PMID- 60086 TI - Chlorpromazine-induced histamine release from guinea-pig skin in vitro--a photosensitive reaction. AB - Chlorpromazine releases histamine from chopped guinea-pig skin maintained in vitro at 37 degrees C. This effect was markedly potentiated by radiant energy. This potentiation increased with increasing exposure to radiant energy. The possible clinical applications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 60087 TI - Attempts to identify viruses in rheumatoid synovial cells. AB - Synovial fibroblast cell strains derived from the synovial membranes of 7 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were examined for the presence of viruses, in particular leucoviruses. Seven similar synovial strains derived from patients with other arthritic conditions were used as a control group. Evidence of the presence of a virus or a viral genome was looked for by several methods of induction followed by 3H-uridine labelling of the cultures. In addition, the culture supernatant, after induction and after the synovial strains had been co cultivated with a variety of cell lines from several species, was assayed for the presence of viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. The DNA-polymerase activity of the synovial cells themselves was also determined. No evidence was found by any of these techniques to indicate the presence of virus or viral information within the synovial fibroblasts. PMID- 60088 TI - [Antigenic structure of Trypanosoma brucei (protozoa, kinetoplastids). Immunoelectrophoretic analysis and comparative study]. PMID- 60089 TI - The pharmacology of butorphanol, a 3,14-dihydroxymorphinan narcotic antagonist analgesic. AB - Butorphanol, a new, totally synthetic morphinan, which is chemically related to naloxone, has been demonstrated to have both analgesic and narcotic antagonist properties. In rodent antiwrithing analgesic tests, butorphanol was 4 to 30 times more potent than morphine and dl-pentazocine, respectively. As an antagonist, butorphanol was about equivalent to nalorphine and 30 times more potent than dl pentazocine. On the basis of the naloxone-induced mouse jumping test and the lack of substitution in withdrawn morphine-dependent mice, it is estimated that the potential for physical dependence of butorphanol will be less than that of dl pentazocine but greater than that of nalorphine and dl-cyclazocine. Animal data also show that agonistic actions of butorphanol, such as respiratory depression and miosis, reach ceiling effects which are lower than those seen with morphine with an increase in dosage. Thus, butorphanol differed from morphine which exhibited agonist effects in a dose-related manner. Butorphanol showed weak to moderate central depressant properties at doses which were considerably higher (greater than 100 X) than those producing analgesia. Minimal cardiovascular and respiratory effects were seen with butorphanol in conscious dogs. PMID- 60090 TI - Utilization and degradation of lindane by soil microorganisms. AB - Of 147 microorganisms isolated from a loamy sand, 71 showed good growth with lindane (gamma-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane) and produced chloride in an aqueous medium. Thirteen soil microorganisms were selected to study the utilization of lindane. Lindane was metabolized by the microbes to gamma 2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-1-cyclohexene (gamma-PCCH), alpha-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1 cyclohexene (alpha-TCCH), beta3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (beta-TCCH), gamma-3,4,5,6-tetrachloro-1-cyclohexene (gamma-TCCH), and pentachlorobenzene (PCB). Cells of Pseudomonas sp. No. 62 grown on lindane simultaneously adapted to gamma-PCCH, alpha-TCCH, beta-TCCH, gamma-TCCH, PCB, 1,2,3,4,-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,3,4-TCB) and 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (1,2,4,5-TCB). The bacteria degraded each of these chemicals at least partially as indicated by an increased rate of oxygen consumption. PMID- 60091 TI - Evaluation of propranolol in opiate dependence. AB - Among the increasing number of recent reports of the use of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs for a variety of psychiatric disorders is a series concluding that propranolol hydrochloride is efficacious in the treatment of opiate dependence. These reports were based on clinical observations of outpatient addicts in an uncontrolled situation. In order to validate these findings, we carried out a series of controlled, double-blind studies with hospitalized volunteers. The results of our studies do not confirm the previous reports. Propranolol neither relieved nor precipitated opiate withdrawal in subjects dependent either on dihydromorphinone hydrochloride or on heroin. It did not effectively block heroin induced euphoria in dependent or nondependent subjects. In addition, there was no effect on the pattern of self-administration in opiate-dependent subjects, whether they were maintained on propranolol or placebo. PMID- 60092 TI - Histologic fixatives suitable for diagnostic light and electron microscopy. AB - The merits of formaldehyde, formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde combinations, and glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffers have been compared as fixatives that will give easy and satisfactory preservation of tissues for routine automated histologic processing and yet keep them suitable for electron microscopical studies after prolonged storage at room temperature. We recommend a combination of 4% commercial formaldehyde and 1% glutaraldehyde in a buffer of 176 mOsm/liter. Tissue sections should not exceed 3 mm in width, and tissues to be examined by electron microscopy should be taken from the outside of the tissue sections. All special stains performed at light microscopical level gave satisfactory results. The fixative should be stored at 4 C and is stable for at least three months. The superior cross-linking features of glutaraldehyde are retained, while the concentration of glutaraldehyde is low enough not to substantially obscure the PAS reaction. PMID- 60093 TI - Bone marrow examination: aspiration or core biopsy, smear or section, hematoxylin eosin or Romanowsky stain--which combination? PMID- 60094 TI - A histological stain for detecting Friend leukemic cells in fixed hemopoietic tissue. AB - A histological stain described by Menzies in 1963 has been useful in detecting early evidence of erythroleukemia (Friend disease) in mouse hemopoietic tissues fixed in formaldehyde solution. With the use of this stain, one can distinguish erythroblastic leukemia cells from lymphoblastic leukemia cells. PMID- 60095 TI - Therapeutic oophorectomy in disseminated carcinoma of the breast. AB - Of 145 women with metastatic breast carcinoma who survived palliative surgical castration, 40.7% had objective remission and another 11.0% had subjective improvement. Favorable response was more frequent in ovulating patients who had small masses of recurrent tumor in fewer locations, with skeletal spread especially well tolerated. Palliation appeared to be related to the site of metastatic disease and numbers (mass) of metastatic sites, but not to the age of the patient, tumor histology, or the disease-free interval. Survival was better for the patients who showed improvement after castration. Such improvement may predict continued relief from the use of other modalities of systemic treatment. PMID- 60096 TI - An ultrastructural study of the relationship of oral bacteria to the epithelium of healing tooth extraction wounds. PMID- 60097 TI - Virus-like particles in association with a microorganism from human gingival plaque. PMID- 60098 TI - Chalcosis in the human eye. A clinicopathologic study. AB - A clinicopathologic study of eight human eyes containing intraocular copper foreign bodies was undertaken. These foreign bodies, which had been retained in the eyes from three weeks to 22 years, were analyzed by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and x-ray diffraction to determine their chemical composition. Copper deposits in Descemet membrane, vitreous, internal limiting membrane of the retina, and fibrous capsule around the foreign bodies could be demonstrated by rhodanine, rubeanic acid, and alizarin blue stains and were correlated with clinical findings and pathologic changes. Eyes with foreign bodies containing more than 85% copper tended to show more disseminated copper deposits. Eyes with alloy containing less than 85% copper showed more localized deposits of copper. Retinal structures were well preserved, even in an eye with an intraocular copper foreign body that had been retained for 22 years. PMID- 60099 TI - [Reactions and damage following external influence of drugs and occupational noxae on the skin]. AB - Changes of the skin by the external influence of drugs and occupational substances are to be divided up into direct toxical influences, deposits, pharmacodynamical effects and immunologically directed reactions. With easily penetrating substances serious general effects like the formation of methaemoglobin and the intoxication with mercury have been observed. Development, diagnostic, prophylaxis and therapy of the cellular immunological reaction are thoroughly set forth. PMID- 60100 TI - [Changes of the antigenic determinants of the ABO system during a course of acute leukemia]. PMID- 60101 TI - Influence of the adrenal glucocorticoids on the stimulation of synthesis of hepatic ribonucleic acid and plasma acute-phase globulins by leucocytic endogenous mediator. AB - An injection of unpurified leucocytice endogenous mediator into rats results in an increased incorporation of [6(-14)C]orotate into hepatic RNA, an increase in the concentration of RNA associated with the bound ribosomal fraction of liver, and increases in the concentrations in serum of acute-phase proteins such as alpha2-macrofoetoprotein and haptoglobin. If given 3 days after adrenalectomy or 7 days after hypophysectomy,, leucocyte factor did not induce the increase in RNA synthesis or alpha2-macrofoetoprotein concentrations but did stimulate an increase in serum haptoglobin. When hypophysectomized or adrenalectomized rats received daily subcutaneous injections of 0.5mg of cortisol, leucocyte factor again induced a significant increase in the synthesis of hepatic RNA and an increase in the concentration of serum alpha2-macrofoetoprotein. These observations suggest that leucocyte factor can regulate acute-phase-protein synthesis at several different sites, one or more of which requires permissive action of the glucocorticoid hormones. Futher, leucocyte factor will stimulate an increase rate of incorporation of orotate into hepatic ribosomes when added in vitro in the presence of cortisol to a liver-perfusion system. Thus the stimulatory effect of leucocyte factor may be directy on liver but may require the presence of other hormones to stimulate the incorporation of orotate into RNA. PMID- 60102 TI - Template specificities of the RNA dependent DNA polymerase of different murine C type virus particles. PMID- 60103 TI - Cyclic AMP independent inhibition by papaverine of histamine release induced by compound 48/80. PMID- 60104 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis in 5-azacytidine-treated HeLa cells. PMID- 60105 TI - The action of local anaesthetics on histamine release. PMID- 60106 TI - Failure of 5-ethyl-2'-deoxyuridine to induce oncogenic RNA (oncorna) viruses in Fischer rat embryo cells and in Balb/3T3 mouse cells. PMID- 60107 TI - Prospects for biologic and pharmacologic inhibition of ribonucleic acid tumor viruses. PMID- 60108 TI - Mechanism of action of disodium cromoglycate--mast cell calcium ion influx after a histamine-releasing stimulus. PMID- 60109 TI - Mononuclear cells in human synovial fluid. Identification of lymphoblasts in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A simple method was developed to identify large mononuclear (LMN) cells in human synovial fluid based on morphology and staining with Sudan black B. All cells were classified as monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), lymphoblasts (LB), or synovial lining cells (SLC). Lymphoblasts were seen in 58 of 60 rheumatoid fluids (mean: 69 +/- 18% LB per LMN cells). However lymphoblasts were rarely seen in synovial fluids from patients with crystal-induced synovitis or bacterial infections. PMID- 60110 TI - P-component of amyloid. Isolation from human serum by affinity chromatography. AB - Human amyloid P-component was isolated from plasma by affinity chromatography utilizing antiserum to tissue P-component coupled to Sepharose 4B. Characterization and comparison of the isolated P-component proteins from tissue and plasma demonstrated immunologic identity and identical RF values of polyacrylamide disk gel electrophoresis. Amino acid analyses of P-components from two individual plasmas were comparable, but some variations from tissue P component were noted. Attempts to perform amino acid sequencing on the plasma protein were unsuccessful. Electron microscopic studies revealed that the plasma P-component had a pentagonal ultrastructure identical to the tissue P-component. These studies compared similarities of tissue and plasma P-components and revealed the unique pentagonal ultrastructure of the plasma protein. PMID- 60111 TI - A two-dimensional model for the transport of pollutants in an urban basin. PMID- 60112 TI - [Changes of beta-2-glycoproteins III during course of rheumatoid phlogosis]. PMID- 60113 TI - [Comparison of the composition of antigens from various preparations of human erythrocyte membrane extracts]. PMID- 60114 TI - [Serum changes of alpha-1-T-glycoprotein in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 60115 TI - [Isolation by affinity chromatography of direct antibodies against the common and specific antigenic determinants of RNase BS-1 and RNase A]. PMID- 60116 TI - [Studies of the antigenic determinants of ribonuclease BS-1]. PMID- 60117 TI - Criminality among homeless men. PMID- 60118 TI - Clinical assessment of the MOD-MEM cancer test in controls with non-malignant diseases. AB - A control series of 105 patients in hospital with non-malignant diseases was used in a limited clinical assessment of the MOD-MEM test. Twenty-seven positive results could be explained on the basis of destruction of nervous parenchyma, tissue necrosis, tuberculosis, malignant disease, etc. The remaining 13 unexplained positives showed a sex and age distribution in agreement with that predicted from cancer registration statistics if the MOD-MEM test detects cancer about 16 years before the clinical appearance of the disease. PMID- 60119 TI - Responses of cancer patients in the MEM test: not just a function of charge on basic proteins. AB - It has been reported that lymphocytes from cancer patients give positive responses to PPD, myelin basic protein, tumour basic protein, and certain histone fractions in the MEM test. The underlying mechanisms of the MEM test are poorly understood, but it is widely assumed that it detects immunological sensitization to specific antigenic determinants. The cross-reactivity experienced is interpreted as indicating shared antigenicity. Since all the stimulatory proteins are strongly basic we investigated an alternative explanation that responsiveness is a function of electrical charge by comparing the known stimulatory proteins in the MEM test with two others of similar basicity: lysozyme and cytochrome-C. We obtained highly significant stimulation with PPD, tryptophane peptide of myelin, and tumour basic protein using Mantoux + cancer patients, but found no response to other basic proteins. We failed to confirm the reported activity of histone F2a. Our results indicate that basicity alone is insufficient to elicit response, and strengthens the concept that the MEM test is measuring sensitization to the determinants shared by myelin and tumour basic protein. PMID- 60120 TI - Anti-streptococcal antibodies reacting with brain tissue. II. Utrastructural studies. AB - The reaction of rabbit anti-Streptococcus pyogenes type 24 with mouse brain has been studied at the ultrastructural level using horseradish peroxidase labelled antiglobulin. It is shown that these antibodies, and by inference those found in Sydenham's chorea, react with the fibrous astrocyte. The cross-reacting antigen is the glial filament or a closely associated cytoplasmic constituent. PMID- 60121 TI - Kinetics of in vitro bovine keratohyalin synthesis. AB - A system is described for the study of the in vitro synthesis of bovine keratohyalin for periods of up to 24 h. Keratohyalin granules appeared morphologically unaltered during culture, although histochemical stains for RNA indicate a markedly diminished RNA content by 6 h. Incorporation of tritiated histidine began slowly, then became linear between 4 and 24 h in serum-containing media. However, following pre-incubation in serum-free media, increased incorporation occurred from time zero. The internal variation of the system using a standard 6 h pulse was +/- 10, +/- 24, +/- 22, +/- 18% in four separate experiments. Measurements of modulations in bovine keratolhyalin synthesis in vitro may prove useful in the development of drugs of therapeutic potential in dermatology. PMID- 60122 TI - Different antiplatelet antibody specificities in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - It is generally accepted that patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) produce antibody against platelet-associated antigens; however, it is not known if these antiplatelet antibodies are directed towards the same or different antigenic sites. In the present studies, quantities of antiplatelet antibody from different ITP patients, sufficient to saturate platelet antigenic sites, were simultaneously incubated with normal platelets and the quantity of platelet binding IgG (PBIgG) was determined. In each of the five comparisons made, the amount of PBIgG bound after incubation of normal platelets with saturating quantities of two ITP antibodies approximated to the sum of the PBIgG bound after incubation with the antibodies separately. These data suggest that the antiplatelet antibody from these ITP patients differed in antigenic specificity. PMID- 60123 TI - Defective neutrophil function in chronic granulocytic leukaemia. AB - The ability of neutrophils to phagocytose, kill and digest Candida guilliermondii was investigated in twelve patients with chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL). Following ingestion of organisms there was considerable reduction in the ability of CGL cells to kill Candida and this was not explained by a mild impairment of phagocytosis. Histochemical staining showed that granules containing lysosomal enzymes disappear form the cytoplasm of normal neutrophils during killing and digestion of the fungus, while in CGL cells the granules remain. Quantitative measurement confirmed loss of peroxidase from normal neutrophils during Candida killing but no loss from CGL neutrophils. The primary granules of CGL neutrophils do not fuse with and discharge their contents into the phagocytic vacuole and this explains their impaired ability to kill and digest Candida. PMID- 60124 TI - Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein in normal pregnancy. AB - Serial measurements of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were made in 63 normal pregnancies throughout gestation using a radioimmunoassay. Significant levels of AFP, which were detected as early as at 10 weeks gestation, showed a gradual rise until 32 weeks, after which the levels declined until term. The limits of the normal gestational pattern have been defined and the intrapatient variability of the assay was examined. A comparison of the clinical characteristics of the pregnancies with levels of AFP was made. Higher birth weights were correlated with later attainment of peak levels of AFP and peak levels were achieved earlier in gestation in female fetuses. Higher levels of AFP and lower oestriol/AFP ratios were correlated with an earlier onset of labour. PMID- 60125 TI - HCG, HPL, oestradiol, progesterone and AFP in serum in patients with threatened abortion. AB - The predictive value of various biochemical methods for monitoring early risk pregnancies has been compared in 65 cases of threatened abortion. Estimation of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), human placental lactogen (HPL), progesterone, oestradiol and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in serum were made by radioimmunoassays. Values below the normal range predicted abortion in 79, 81, 89, 92 and 38 per cent of patients, while normal values confirmed continuation of pregnancy with an accuracy of 71, 61, 60, 68 and 30 per cent respectively. Thus predictions from oestradiol and progesterone were at least as reliable as those from the protein hormones, while AFP proved to be unsuitable for this purpose. Combination of two variables gave even more reliable results. Due to individual and diurnal variation, however, abortion in the third and fourth month could not be definitely assumed at values above 5 IU HCG/ml, 5 ng progesterone/ml or 200 pg oestradiol/ml. PMID- 60126 TI - The relationship between HLA antibodies and the causal pregnancy in choriocarcinoma. AB - By studying the HLA system, evidence of immunization by paternal antigens inherited by the antecedent child has been obtained in primiparous patients who subsequently developed choriocarcinoma. The same approach has been used to show which pregnancy was likely to be casual in two patients with complicated obstetric histories. PMID- 60127 TI - Preparation and properties of O-dansyltyrosine gramicidin C. AB - Gramicidins A, B, and C are a family of poly-peptide antibiotics which facilitate the passive diffusion of alkali cations and protons through lipid bilayer membranes. It is clear that gramicidin forms a multimeric transmembrane channel and it has been suggested that the channel is an io-conducting dimer in equilibrium on the membrane with non-conducting monomer. We describe the preparation and purification of a derivative of gramicidin C in which the phenolic hydroxyl of the tyrosine at position 11 has been esterified to 8 dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (dansyl). This derivative fluoresces strongly in the visible with an emission maximun in dioxane of 530 nm, an emission lifetime of 16 ns, and a quantum yield of 0.8. Veatch et al. ((1975),J. Mol. Biol. 99, 75) have shown this 0-dansyltyrosine gamicidin C to be a fully active analogue of gramicidin A in artificial lipid bilayer membranes. We here utilize this derivative to further characterize the state of aggregation and rotational mobility of the four interconvertible conformational species formed by gramicidin in nonpolar organic solvents (Veatch et al. (1974), Biochemsitry 13, 5249; Veatch and Blout (1974), Biochemistry 13, 5257). Fluorescence energy transfer from the tryptophans of gramicidin A to the 0-dansyltyrosine of this derivatives supports the conclusion that all of these gramicidin isolated species are aggregates. Decay of fluorescence polarization anisotropy measurements yield a rotational correlation time of 1 ns for the 0-dansyltyrosine chromophore in ethanol in good agreement with the more detailed information previously obtained by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance for the monomer in dimethyl sulfoxide (Fossel et al. (1974), Biochemistry 13, 5264). However, it is likely that the chromophore has much more rotational mobility than the rest of the gramicidin molecule in the aggregated comformational states. PMID- 60128 TI - RNA synthesis in Streptomyces antibioticus: in vitro effects of actinomycin and transcriptional inhibitors from 48-h cells. AB - Two forms of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase have been partially purified (about 100 fold relative to the crude extract) from 48-h old cells of Streptomyces antibioticus. The two forms show different Mg2+ optima for the incorporation of [3H]UMP into RNA. Substances inhibiting transcription have been isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation from one of the fractions produced during the polymerase purification. Actinomycin can be shown to inhibit RNA synthesis catalyzed by the S. antibioticus polymerases to a similar extent regardless of the template used. When S. antibioticus DNA is the template, actinomycin inhibits transcription by S. antibioticus polymerase to a degree that is significantly less than the observed actinomycin inhibition of synthesis catalyzed by Escherichia coli polymerase or by either S. antibioticus or E. coli polymerase with calf thymus DNA as the template. Using an assay previously developed, it was shown that the association constant for the binding of actinomycin to S. antibioticus DNA was increased by the presence of RNA polymerase in the binding mixture, while the association constant for the binding to calf thymus DNA was decreased by RNA polymerase. RNA synthesis in crude, cell-free extracts of 12-h old S. antibioticus cells (not producing actinomycin) is less refractory to actinomycin inhibition than synthesis catalyzed by extracts of 48-h old (actinomycin producing) cells, and both extracts catalyze appreciable RNA synthesis at actinomycin concentrations that completely inhibit RNA synthesis catalyzed by E. coli extracts. PMID- 60129 TI - On the association of reverse transcriptase with polynucleotide templates during catalysis. AB - The association of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) DNA polymerase with polynucleotide templates during catalysis has been studied. During the course of polymerization, different template-primer complexes were added and the ability of the enzyme to switch from one polynucleotide template to another was determined. At 37 degrees C as well as at 4 degrees C, the polymerase is able to switch from certain template-primer complexes to others. For example, the addition of poly(A) oligo(dT) during the course of synthesis with poly(C)-oligo(dG) results in the immediate cessation of dGMP polymerization and the start of dTMP polymerization without any lag. Early during the course of polymerization, the size of the product, as determined by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation, is, in part, a function of the ratio of the template-primer complex to the enzyme. These cumulative experiments indicate that catalysis on polynucleotide templates with avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase under the conditions tested is not processive in a classical sense. Similar to cellular DNA polymerases the enzyme can shift from one template-primer to another. Using autoradiography after gel electrophoresis to estimate the product size, it can be calculated that the enzyme switches from one template to another within 0.25 min at 37 degrees C which corresponds to the incorporation of greater than 25 nucleotides. At 4 degrees C, switching can be calculated to occur in less than three nucleotide addition steps. Thus, with certain homopolymers, conditions can be found by which AMV DNA polymerase can switch from one template-primer complex to another, perhaps after each nucleotide addition step. PMID- 60130 TI - Observations on the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate inhibition of DNA polymerases. AB - Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate at concentrations greater than 0.5 mM inhibits polymerization of deoxynucleoside triphosphate catalyzed by a variety of DNA polymerases. The requirement for a phosphate as well as aldehyde moiety of pyridoxal phosphate for inhibition to occur is clearly shown by the fact that neither pyridoxal nor pyridoxamine phosphate are effective inhibitors. Since the addition of nonenzyme protein or increasing the amount of template primer exerted no protective effect, there appears to be specific affinity between pyridoxal phosphate and polymerase protein. The deoxynucleoside triphosphates, however, could reverse the inhibition. The binding of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to enzyme appears to be mediated through classical Schiff base formation between the pyridoxal phosphate and the free amino group(s) present at the active site of the polymerase protein. Kinetic studies indicate that inhibition by pyridoxal phosphate is competitive with respect to substrate deoxynucleoside triphosphate(s). PMID- 60131 TI - Cholinergic sites in skeletal muscle. I. Denervation effects. AB - Cholinergic interactions in systems derived from rat skeletal mixed muscle are detailed. The isotherms of the binding of [125I]diiodo-alpha-bungarotoxin over the range of 10(-10)-10(-5) M toxin have been separated into a "nonspecific" component exclusive to the toxin and a "specific" component that binds both the toxin and d-tubocurarine. The "specific" component appears to reflect two independent sets of binding sites. One of the sets has an affinity constant on the order of 10(9) M-1. Following denervation, the number of sites in this high affinity set begins to increase after 3 days, reaches a peak (28-fold higher than normal) on the 8th day, and begins to decline. Similar results are obtained when sensitivity of this set to an antibody derived from patients with myasthenia gravis is examined. This sensitivity is reflected by the inhibition of the alpha bungarotoxin binding by the myasthenic IgG fraction. Following denervation, sensitivity first appears on day 3 progresses coincidentally with the increase in new sites in the set. The charcteristics of this set suggest that it represents the acetylcholine receptor and that the new sites appearing during the course of denervation are extrajunctional receptor sites. The interaction with the myasthenic IgG indicates an antigenic difference between junctional and extrajunctional receptors. The second set of specific binding sites has an affinity constant on the order of 10(5) M-1. The number of sites in this set increases only fivefold as a result of denervation. The increase also begins between days 2 and 3. The definition of this low affinity set of sites is not presently clear. PMID- 60132 TI - Effect of viomycin on dihydrostreptomycin binding to bacterial ribosomes. AB - Viomycin, a peptide antibiotic, reduced the amounts of dihydrostreptomycin bound to ribosomes of Myobacterium smegmatis and Escherichia coli, although they have different modes of action. The [3H]dihydrostreptomycin binding to ribosomes could not exchanged with streptomycin or dihydrostreptomycin, but not with unrelated antibiotics, namely, kanamycin, neomycin, spectinomycin, capreomycin, tuberactinomycin-N, chloramphenicol and erythromycin. We suggest that there is a significant interaction between the binding sites of viomycin and streptomycin on ribosomes. PMID- 60133 TI - The chemical nature of osmium tetroxide fixation and staining of membranes by x ray photoelectron spectroscopy. AB - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the oxidation states of osmium compounds present in erythrocyte ghost preparations and related systems treated with osmium tetroxide. Osmium tetroxide and cholesterol, codeposited at 100 degrees C, began to react at -70 degrees C, and Os(VI) was formed. Similarly, Os(VI) was detected for the known cholesterol-osmate ester prepared and purified chemically. However, osmium tetroxide applied in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) gave rise to large proportions of Os(IV) and Os(III) species in addition to Os(VI) compounds. Egg phosphatidylcholine likewise produced a mixture of Os(VI), Os(IV), and Os(III), but dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine failed to give significant amounts of osmium containing products under identical conditions. Glutaraldehyde gave a mixture of compounds with the same osmium oxidation states when allowed to react with aqueous osmium tetroxide. Unfixed and glutaraldehyde-fixed erythrocyte ghosts also produced mixtures of Ss(VI), Os(IV) and Os(III) under conditions identical to those of normal tissue processing. Additionally, the mixture of adducts initially formed by treatment with osmium tetroxide was further reduced by dehydration of the tissue with ethanol, rpesulting in a final mixture which was 50-60% Os(III). The results support a scheme for the reaction os osmium tetroxide with tissues in which the initial reaction site is the double bonds of unsaturated lipids to form Os(VI) derivatives. Subsequent hydrolysis and further reduction yield complexes of Os(IV) and Os(III). A mixture of these three states is present in membrane specimens during microscopic observation. Os(VI) and Os(IV) could be present as osmate esters and osmium dioxide, respectively; Os(III) could be present as an oxo- or amino complex(es). The photoelectron spectrum of intact erythrocyte ghosts can be synthesized from the spectra of phospholipid and cholesterol only, suggesting the predominance of the reaction with lipids in the fixation process. PMID- 60134 TI - [Galactose transfer in the membranes of human milk fat globules (author's transl)]. AB - Galactosyltransferase which catalyzes the transfer from UDP-galactose to either endogeneous glycoproteins, free N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylglucosaminyl residues in the carbohydrate portion of glycoproteins, or to glucose when alpha lactalbumin is added, occurs in human milk fat globule membranes. Various treatments (washing of membranes, freezing and thawing) did not affect this activity. In the presence of Triton X-100, the enzyme shows appreciable latency, This detergent was then used to solubilize the enzyme and to study its main characteristics. A competition and a heat stability experiment show that only one enzyme acts on two substrates (free N-acetylglucosamine or desialyzed and degalactosylated fetuin). UDP-galactose hydrolase activities were very low compared to those of the bovine milk fat globule membranes. Other characteristic enzymes of Golgi vesicles were found in human milk fat globules membranes. It is of interest to find out whether this is the result of contamination with cytoplasmic particles or whether it reflects the participation of Golgi vesicles in human milk fat globule secretion. PMID- 60135 TI - Immunochemical studies of proteins in epidermal cornified cells of human and newborn rat. AB - 1. Proteins were extracted from cornified cells of newborn rats and human palm with 8 M urea containing 0.1 M beta-mercaptoethanol. Two fractions, rat FIIIa and human F5.5 were obtained by acid precipitation for further study. 2. Antibodies raised in rabbits by injection of rat FIIIa gave two precipitin lines by agarose diffusion against rat FIIIa, but only one line against human F5.5. One of the antigenic determinants of rat FIIIa was found to be a protein of approximately 66 000 daltons. The other seems to be formed with two polypeptides in the range of 60 000 and 66 000 daltons. The antigenic determinant of human F5.5 was a protein of approximately 64 000 daltons which immunologically cross-reacted only with the antiserum to a protein of 66 000 daltons in rat FIIIa. 3. The antisera also cross reacted with proteins extracted from epidermis of guinea pig, hamster, hairless mouse, dog ear, dog snout and dog foot pad, but did not react with the epidermis of either rabbit immunized with rat FIIIa or non-treated normal rabbit. 4. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated a reaction of rabbit anti-rat FIIIa serum over cornified cells as well as over granular, spinous and basal cells of the epidermis of newborn rat and human. PMID- 60136 TI - Purification of alpha 2-macroglobulin with trypsin-like activity from pleural fluids. AB - An alpha 2-macroglobulin with trypsin-like activity has been purified from pleural fluids of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis. The isolation procedure includes ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel-filtration on Sephadex G 200 and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. It gives 46-fold purification of alpha 2 macroglobulin with a 13% recovery. Based on titration experiments with pancreatic inhibitor, the protein from three different patients contained 0.28, 0.46 and 0.80 mol of trypsin-like protease per mol of alpha 2-macroglobulin. PMID- 60137 TI - Manganese metabolism in cows and goats. AB - When 54MnCl2 was incubated with fresh bovine or caprine serum for 20 h and the serum subjected to electrophoresis at pH 9.5, the 54Mn bound to transferrin and alpha2-macroglobulin in proportions which varied with the temperature of incubation and the temperature of electrophoresis. Between 0 and 37 degrees C, the higher the temperature of incubation the larger the proportion bound to transferrin and the lower the proportion bound to alpha2-macroglobulin. The temperature at which electrophoresis was performed had little effect on the proportion of 54Mn bound to transferrin, but increasing temperature reduced the proportion of 54Mn bound to alpha2-macroglobulin. Mn2+ did not bind to purified transferrin in vitro in the absence of an oxidising agent. In the presence of permanganate, Mn3+ was formed and chelated by transferrin at physiological pH. In fresh serum this oxidation step may be performed by ceruloplasmin or molecular oxygen. Mn2+ was bound reversibly to alpha2-macroglobulin but this protein played no part in the oxidation of divalent manganese and had no effect on the protein binding of trivalent manganese. Manganese in the divalent state, either free as Mn2+ or bound to alpha2-macroglobulin, is removed from blood plasma very efficiently by the liver. However, the manganic-transferrin complex normally found in circulation is not rapidly removed from plasma. The liver can remove large amounts of excess manganous manganese which it presumably excretes; the small essential fraction of the manganese absorbed is oxidised to the trivalent state and bound to transferrin. PMID- 60138 TI - Influence of serum and insulin on the accumulation of aminoisobutyrate by rat hepatoma cells. AB - 1. Cultured rat hepatoma cells accumulate 2-aminoisobutyrate to high concentrations by a transport mechanism probably of the A type mediation. 2. Transport is enhanced by the presence of serum. When cells are deprived of serum the rate of transport declines over a period of hours; conversely addition of serum leads over a period of hours to increase in transport activity. In the presence of serum the apparent Km for aminoisobutyrate uptake is about 8 mM. In cells deprived of serum the Km is much higher. 3. Addition of insulin produces both an immediate increase in the rate of aminoisobutyrate uptake and a time dependent rise. 4. The presence of alanine diminished aminoisobutyrate uptake in a concentration-dependent fashion. Competition is seen both in the presence and absence of serum but not when cells are incubated at 4 degrees C. 5. Preincubation with alanine for 1 h also diminishes aminoisobutyrate uptake when the alanine is removed. Cells take a period of several hours to recover from the depression of transport induced by alanine. 6. Transport of aminoisobutyrate rapidly declines in the presence of cycloheximide. Actinomycin had no effect for at least 8 h. PMID- 60139 TI - Preparation and characterization of two isozymes of choline acetyltransferase from squid head ganglia. II. Self-association, molecular weight determinations, and studies with inactivating antisera. AB - The two isozymes of choline acetyltransferase (Acetyl-CoA:choline O acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.6) from head ganglia of Loligo pealei have been examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel chromatography, and equilibrium sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge. Inactivating antisera, prepared to both native and dithiothreitol-treated isozymes 1 and 2 of squid choline acetyltransferase, were used to demonstrate the immunologic identity of isozymes 1 and 2. Each isozyme appeared to contain two non-identical catalytically active subunits, with molecular weights of approx. 37 000 and 56 000. A staining method was developed to visualize choline acetyltransferase activity in acrylamide gels. The method is based on the formation of a precipitate of manganese ferrocyanide at sites where free coenzyme A is released. By this method, and by analysis of gel slices, it was found that each of the isozymes can form aggregates of several different sizes. The formation of immune precipitates with the aggregates showed the identity of the multiple bands of enzyme protein resolved on disc gel electrophoresis. Isozyme 1 was most active as a small aggregate, whereas isozyme 2 was most active as a large aggregate. Both chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and isoelectric focusing yielded a number of active species with molecular weights ranging from 35 000 to 300 000. In addition, we demonstrated the dissociation of enzyme protein in the presence of 1.0 - 10(-2) M dithiothreitol, the formation of multiple precipitin bands by aged enzyme, and the identity of the different isoelectric fractions of each of the isozymes. PMID- 60140 TI - [RNA metabolism in chick embryo skin]. AB - Explants from 7, 8, 9, 11, 13-day chick embryonic skin incorporating (3H) Uridine for different periods 1 hr, 3 or 4 hr and a chase with actinomycin) are studied with respect to free (F) or membrane bound (B) cytoplasmic polysomes and to RNA extracted from them. Polysome specific activity decreases at older stages but the amount of polysomes increases due to increased protein synthesis. At each stage B polysomes are less abundant but more radioactive than F polysomes. RNA extracted from each kind is analysed on sucrose gradients: one half of each fraction is precipitated by TCA to estimate total radioactivity, the other is retained on millipore at high salt concentration to estimate radioactivity in messenger-like RNAs due to their poly-A sequences. The pattern of the labelling of the different fractions of RNA changes with the length of incorporation, the stages of explants and the kind of polysomes (F or B); at 11-13 days the incorporation is slow, radioactivity is low and distributed among several peaks of poly-A RNA; at 7-8 days the incorportion is rapid, dispersed throughout the gradient; at 9 days, a midway stage, incorporation is particularly high into 12S and 24S fractions from B RNA. In the 5 studied stages the labelling of this 12S occurs early, remains for a longer time and cannot be chased. These observations suggest stability of the 12S RNA. Since, in 14-day chick embryos, feather keratin m RNA has been shown to sediment at 12S and although our experiments have been done with total skin because this differentiating tissue is the site of extensive interactions between dermis and epidermis, they suggest that this 12S RNA is the actual keratin m RNA and might be synthesised some days before the onset of keratin synthesis. Its template ability will be investigated at earlier stages. PMID- 60141 TI - Studies on amikhellin. II.-Inhibition of dna-polymerase from murine sarcoma leukemia virus. AB - We have previously reported that amikhellin binds to double-stranded DNA by an intercalation process (1). We now report that this drug inhibits the DNA polymerase from murine sarcoma leukemia virus. The extent of inhibition was found to vary with the nature of the primer-template used : maximum with poly(rA)n oligo(dT)10 (nucleotide ratio 20:1), minimum with poly(rA)n-poly(dT)n and intermediate with native calf thymus DNA. Experiments performed with synthetic templates of the (rA)-(dT) type have led to the following conclusions as to the mechanism of inhibition: 1) Amikhellin acts at an early stage of the synthesis reaction because the drug is no longer inhibitory when a limited extension of the oligo(dT) primers has been allowed to occur. However, mere incubation of the enzyme with the template in the absence of dTTP is not sufficient to confer resistance to the drug. 2) Progression of enzyme molecules actively engaged in polymerization is stopped when they reach downstream duplex regions to which amikhellin is bound. PMID- 60142 TI - Alpha-foetoprotein and oestrogen metabolism. I. -Influence of alpha-foetoprotein on the metabolism of steroids by rat liver microsomes in vitro. AB - Rat alpha-foetoprotein (AFP) was shown to inhibit the formation of water soluble metabolities of oestrone and oestradiol by incubation with microsomes from rat liver in the presence of NADPH. The results support the proposal that in young animals the low activity of enzymes responsible of oestradiol metabolism may be due in part to the presence of AFP and not only to the low level of these enzymes. PMID- 60143 TI - [Periodic variability in the function and weight of the thyroid gland and their interrelationships in animals with differing ecological adaptation]. PMID- 60144 TI - [Primary liver cancer and hepatitis B infection in Senegal. Comparison of cancer patients with 2 control groups]. AB - A case/control study has been carried out to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC), and age/sex matched hospital controls with cancers of other sites (OCC) and similarly matched controls without cancer (NCC). HBsAg was found in 61.2% of 165 cases of PLC, as compared to 11.7% of 154 OCC and 11.3% of 328 NCC. The frequency of HBsAg in PLC patients was significantly higher (72.2%) in those with detectable alpha-fetoprotein as compared to those without (40.3%). PMID- 60145 TI - Mesangial cell dysfunction detected by accumulation of aggregated protein in rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes. AB - Diminished renal glomerular mesangial phagocytic function has been found in rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes. Similar impairment was produced by high dose cortisone and growth hormone, whereas oestrogen had a stimulant effect. The findings could be relevant to the understanding of human diabetic nephropathy. PMID- 60146 TI - Is there a relationship between alpha-1-antitrypsin Pi MZ phenotype and hepatoma? PMID- 60147 TI - Tissue culture in the inherited corneal dystrophies: possible applications and problems. PMID- 60148 TI - Histochemistry in the study of the ocular manifestations of inherited metabolic disorders. PMID- 60149 TI - [Detection of the base level of alpha-fetoprotein in the sera of donors by the electrophoresis-precipitation of polyacrylamide gel method]. AB - Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was detected in the sera of adult healthy persons by the method of electrophoresis-precipitation in polyacrylamide gel; it was distinctly determined in about 50% of cases, and its concentration was not over 3ng/ml. AFP was determined all the 20 cases suffering from cirrhosis of the liver examined by the mentioned method. PMID- 60150 TI - [Changes in the chromatin structure of hepatocyte nuclei of rats trained to hypoxia]. AB - Structure of chromatin in the nuclei of the isolated surviving hepatocytes and in the isolated nuclei of hepatocytes were studied by fluorochroming with acridine orange and by microfluorimetry of fluorescenc connected with the stain chromatin at 530 and 590 nm in intact rats and in the animals trained to hypoxia in a pressure chamber for 60 days. The nuclei of hepatocytes of intact rats were distributed by fluorescence at 530 nm into three classes with the intensity ratio of 1:2:4; as to the nuclei of hepatocytes of the rats trained to hypoxia - they formed a single class corresponding to the second class of control. In intact rats the ratio of the fluorescence intensity at 590 nm to such at 530 nm (alpha coefficient) formed normal distribution; in trained rats - a bimodal distribution with a shift of the maximum in the direction of reduction and increase of alpha in comparison with control. It is supposed that in hypoxia there is a repression of one and depression of other genes in the chromatine of the nuclei of the liver. PMID- 60151 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic activity of the beta2-adrenoblockader alpheprol]. AB - Experiments were conducted on dogs, cats and rats in which various disturbances of the cardiac rhythm were induced. Beta2-adrenoblocker alpheprol proved to produce a marked antiarrhythmic action. The preparation arrested the auricular arrhythmias caused by electric stimulation of the auricles or by aconitine application, eliminated the auricular arrhythmias resulting from occlusion of a branch of the coronary artery or oubaine intoxication, prevented lethal auricular fibrillation in rats after the calcium chloride intoxication. It is supposed that along with the beta-adrenoreceptor block the antiarrhythmic effect of alpheprol was also caused by quinidine-like action of the preparation. PMID- 60152 TI - [Differences in the capacity of HLA sera to react with T- and B-lymphocyte populations]. AB - A study was made of perculiarities attending the reaction of the HLA-sera with the T- and B-lymphocytes isolated from human blood. Lymphocytes were separated by removal of one of the cell subpopulation. T-lymphocytes were separated by the method of rosette-formation with sheep erythrocytes, with subsequent gradient density centrifugation. B-lymphocytes were separated similarly with the aid of rosette-formation with allogenous Rh-positive erythrocytes sensitized with Rh sera with incomplete antibodies, and also sorption of B-lymphocytes on synthetic fiber. The cytotoxic activity of HLA-sera decreased after the removal of B-cells. But removal of T-lymphocytes was not accompanied by any reduction in the lymphocytotoxic activity. It is suggested that B-lymphocytes contained on their surface more HLA determinants than T-lymphocytes. PMID- 60153 TI - [Interaction of anti-Kb and anti-Dd effector lymphocytes with target cells of mouse mutant haplotypes]. AB - The magnitude of the cytotoxic effect (CE) of immune lymphocytes R101 anti-Kb (C57BL/6) and R101 anti-Dd (B10.D2) upon target cells (TC) of mutants Kba (Hzl) and Kbd (M505), as well as Dda (M504) was considerably less than that on the TC of the original C57BL/6 and B10.D2 strains, respectively. A decrease of the CE on the H (zl) and M504 TC was more prominent than that on the M505 TC. "Monospecific" lymphocytes anti-Kb and anti-Dd were separated into two distinct subpopulations by absorption on the monolayers of macrophages from the mutant strains of mice. One of the subpopulations reacted with the TC of the original strain only, whereas the other one - with the TC of both the original and mutant strains. PMID- 60154 TI - [Immunochemical identification of human placental organ specific alpha2-globulin and its concentration in amniotic fluid]. AB - An organospecific alpha2-globulin of human placenta was identified with the aid of immunochemical analysis. This antigen differed immunologically from the alpha2 and beta1-globulins of pregnancy, alpha-fetoprotein, placental lactogen, and chorionic gonadotropin. High level of the antigen revealed was found in the placental tissue and the amniotic fluid at the early terms of pregnancy, but its concentration sharply decreased by the time of labour. PMID- 60155 TI - [Antigenic structure of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated mouse lymphocytes using specific antisera]. AB - The use of antiserum to the intact and the PHA-transformed lymphocytes showed that a new antigenic determinant (or determinants) appeared on the surface of lymphocytes after 68-hour PHA-stimulation. Intact lymphocytes or cells stimulated by the PHA for 2 hours only didn't carry this antigenic marker. At the same time the quantity (or density) of the antigenic markers present on the surface of the intact lymphocytes was lowered in the lymphocytes stimulated with the PHA for a long time. PMID- 60156 TI - 5-Azacytidine (NSC 102816): a new drug for the treatment of myeloblastic leukemia. AB - The pyrimidine analog, 5-azacytidine (NSC 102816), was administered by continuous intravenous infusion in Ringer's lactate in increasing doses to sets of patients with metastatic cancer to establish a dose sufficient to produce mild toxicity. Twenty-one patients (23 trials) were treated with doses of 50-200 mg/sq/m/day for 5 days every 2-4 wk. Nausea and vomiting were moderate and easily preventable. Doses of 100-200 mg/sq/m for 5 days every 14 days produced granulocytopenia, usually after two courses. Less toxicity was observed when courses were given every 21-28 days. Forty-five patients with previously treated and refractory acute myeloblastic leukemia were treated. The majority received doses of 150 mg/sq m for 5 days every 2 wk. Eleven (24%) complete remissions and four partial remissions were observed. The number of courses to achieve remission averaged three and required an average of 59 days. Nine patients with blastic crisis of chronic myeloblastic leukemia and four with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia failed to respond. 5-Azacytidine administered by continuous infusion is well tolerated and is an active compound in acute myeloblastic leukemia. PMID- 60157 TI - Exomphalos and gastroschisis: a 10-year review. AB - Ninety-six cases of exomphalos or gastroschisis managed at The children's Hospital, Sheffield, during the period 1964-74 are analysed. There were 306 cases with minor lesions, 30 with major lesions, 27 with a ruptured exomphalos and only 3 with gastroschisis. The overall mortality rate was 46-9 percent. Survival could be closely correlated with the birth weight, the nature of the primary lesion, the presence or absence of liver within the sac and the presence and severity of associated congenital anomalies. A "scoring system" based on these criteria is proposed to predict the prognosis of an infant with an exomphalos. PMID- 60158 TI - Carcinoma of the periampullary region: a review of a personal series of 87 patients. AB - Eighty-seven patients with carcinoma of the periampullary region treated by the author are reviewed. The clinical presentation and investigations are reported, and it is emphasized that the poor prognosis of this disease is due to the delay in presentation and diagnosis. Consequently, in most cases treatment can only be palliative, and the various forms of treatment are discussed. PMID- 60159 TI - Transplantation tolerance. PMID- 60160 TI - Tolerance induction as a model for cell differentiation. PMID- 60161 TI - Suppression of immunoglobulin formation with antibody against immunoglobulin. PMID- 60162 TI - Letter: Raised alpha-fetoprotein levels and congenital defect. PMID- 60163 TI - Letter: Alpha-fetoprotein and amoebic liver abscess. PMID- 60164 TI - Transfer RNA may be axonally transported during regeneration of goldfish optic nerves. AB - If [3H]uridine is injected into the eyes of goldfish during optic nerve regeneration, then the return of fibers to the optic tectum is accompanied by the appearance of [3H]RNA in the tectum. The amount of [3H]RNA arriving in the tectum is consistently greater than in non-regenerating controls and reaches maximum levels (more than 10 times controls) 24 days after optic nerve crush. When [14C]uridine is injected subarachnoidally 1 day prior to sacrificing, the amount of [14C]RNA in the tectum is approximately doubled throughout the regeneration period. In order to characterize the radioactive tectal RNA in these experiments, we have crushed the optic nerves of 15 fish, and 18 days later injected [3H]uridine into both eyes. Five days later [14C]uridine was injected subarachnoidally and all fish were sacrificed a day later. RNA was extracted and fractionated in 2.0% polyacrylamide gels. The amounts of 3H- and 14C-labeled ribosomal as well as small molecular weight RNAs were increased during regeneration. Analysis of the area under the 28S, 18S and 4-7S RNA peaks indicated a small increase in 14C radioactivity in each peak (1.2, 1.5, and 1.5 times control, respectively). On the other hand, 3H radioactivity showed the greatest increase in the 4-7S fraction (8.0 times control) whereas large molecular weight ribosomal fractions were approximately 3 times control. Electrophoresis of the RNA on 10% polyacrylamide gels demonstrated that all of the small molecular weight RNA was confined to the 4S (tRNA) peak. These results suggest that when optic nerves of goldfish regenerate, they may enter the tectum carrying 4S (transfer) RNA. PMID- 60165 TI - Demonstration of nigrotectal and nigroreticular projections in the cat by axonal transport of proteins. PMID- 60166 TI - Differences between alpha and gamma motoneurons labeled with horseradish peroxidase by retrograde transport. PMID- 60167 TI - Letter: Slide test for alpha-fetoprotein. PMID- 60168 TI - Association of endodermal sinus tumour, testicular teratoma and alpha1 fetoprotein. AB - An endodermal sinus tumour in the retroperitoneal region was associated with the presence of alpha1-fetoprotein (AFP) in the patient's serum. At autopsy a simple cystic teratoma of the right testicle was also found. The association of these two tumours has been reported before. The classification of these malignant germ cell tumours and an understanding of their evolution may be aided by the discovery that AFP is often found in the patient's serum. PMID- 60169 TI - Anaplastic neuronal tumors of brain. AB - A multicentric neuronal tumor of brain with unique morphologic features is described. It is compared with four other markedly anaplastic brain tumors containing neoplastic neurons. Demonstration of axon processes, which must be carefully distinguished from other similarly stained structures, is essential for the recognition of such tumors. Recent experience suggests that anaplastic neuronal tumors are more frequent than is generally realized. It is suggested that axon stains should be more widely employed in the investigation of atypical or highly pleomorphic gliomas. PMID- 60170 TI - Effects of bleomycin on human tongue carcinoma cells as revealed by electron microscopy. AB - Five patients with tongue carcinoma were treated for 20 days with bleomycin, 15 mg/day, given by one-shot infusion through the superficial temporal artery. Specimens were taken 7, 14, and 20 days after the initial administration for light and electron microscope observations. The first alterations observed were the decrease of electron-dense chromatin clumps in nuclei and, simultaneously, the segregation of nucleolar components, i.e., amorphous protein component segregated from fibrillar and granular components. Subsequently, numerous nuclear bodies appeared in the nucleoplasm, which were observed for the first time in human tongue carcinoma cell nuclei in cases of bleomycin treatment. On the other hand, the cytoplasmic alterations were recognized by the decrease in number of mitochondria and by the appearance of numerous free ribosomes followed by the formation of tonofilaments. The cells enlarged because tonofilaments flocked together to make cancer cell nests, which were gradually together to make cancer cell nests, which were gradually transformed into a keratinic structure showing the so-called cancer pearl pattern. Finally, cancer cells were degenerated nearly to necrosis; there was no evidence of recurrence of cancer. Although the precise mechanism of the effect of bleomycin on nuclear activities of human tongue cancer cells remains unsettled because of the lack of cytochemical analysis, it is believed that bleomycin inhibits DNA synthesis and might also activate ribosomal RNA synthesis. PMID- 60171 TI - Comparison of in vivo translation rates and messenger RNA levels of alpha2U globulin in rat liver and Morris hepatoma 5123D. AB - The synthesis of the male rat hepatic protein alpha2U-globulin has been examined in Morris hepatoma 5123D and male host liver using pulse incorporation of labeled amino acids in vivo, followed by immunoprecipitation of the newly synthesized alpha2U-globulin from the soluble protein fraction of liver and hepatoma tissue. It was found that no alpha2U-globulin synthesizes alpha2U-globulin at a normal level (0.9 to 1.0% of total hepatic protein synthesis). A variety of liver derived cell culture lines also did not have alpha2U-globulin synthesis. The level of the specific mRNA coding for alpha2U-globulin can be quantitated using in vitro translation of polyadenylate-containing RNA in a Krebs II ascites cell free translational system, followed by immunoprecipitation of the alpha2U globulin synthesized in vitro. Using this technique, it was found that host liver contained alpha2U-globulin mRNA at normal levels, whereas hepatoma tissue contained no detectable mRNA coding for this protein. Thus, alpha2U-globulin synthesis is deleted in the minimal-deviation hepatoma 5123D as a consequence of the inability of that tissue to produce functional mRNA coding for alpha2U globulin. The implications for the regulation of gene expression in malignant cells are discussed. PMID- 60172 TI - Flow microfluorometric patterns of human bone marrow and tumor cells in response to cancer chemotherapy. AB - A rapid propidium iodide staining method was used for analysis of single-cell suspensions of bone marrow and tumor biopsies by flow microfluorometry. With this technique, information on the proliferative status of target tissues can be obtained within 10 min of sample removal. DNA histograms and labeling index of sequential bone marrow biopsies from a patient with Stage IV diffuse lymphocytic leukemia and treated with 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine infusion showed pronounced reduction in the percentage of cycling cells. In contrast, sequential tumor biopsies from a melanoma patient on methotrexate-citrovorum factor rescue therapy showed no changes. In sequential bone marrow biopsies of 3 patients on high-dose methotrexate-citrovorum factor rescue, initial accumulation of cells in G1-S (Day 1) was followed by a significant proliferative response (Days 4 to 7) and return to pretherapy values. In contrast, no recovery similar to that of the bone marrow was seen in tumor cells. PMID- 60173 TI - Template primer inactivation by cis- and trans-dichlorodiammine platinum for human DNA polymerase alpha, beta, and Rauscher murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase, as a mechanism of cytotoxicity. PMID- 60174 TI - Single-strand scission and repair of DNA in mammalian cells by bleomycin. AB - DNA single-strand breakage by bleomycin treatment of cultured mammalian cells was demonstrated by the method of alkaline elution. Elution patterns from treated L1210 cells indicated that part of the DNA was extensively broken while the remainder was affected to a lesser degree. This biphasic effect, which was less prominent in human fibroblasts, may reflect a selective sensitivity either of part of the cell population or of part of the DNA within individual cells. In both cell types, the DNA damage was at least partially repaired upon incubation of the cells after removal of drug. Bleomycin did not inhibit the rejoining of X ray-induced single-strand breaks. The production and repair of DNA single-strand breaks after bleomycin treatment were the same in normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts, indicating that these events do not require the excision endonuclease that appears to be defective in these ultraviolet light-sensitive xeroderma cells. PMID- 60175 TI - Effect of pH on the bleomycin-induced DNA single-strand scission in L1210 cells and the relation to cell survival. AB - The susceptibility of cultured L1210 cells to bleomycin was investigated as a function of pH of the medium, and was compared with DNA damage measured by alkaline elution. With increasing pH of the medium, both cytotoxicity and DNA damage increased. This was observed in the effects of bleomycin on cell proliferation, colony-forming ability, and DNA elutability. The reduction of colony-forming ability correlated with DNA single-strand scission, and this correlation was independent of pH. PMID- 60176 TI - Clinical trials with BCNU (NSC-409962) in malignant lymphomas by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. PMID- 60178 TI - Enzymatic in vitro synthesis of globin genes. AB - Full-length, single-stranded rabbit globin cDNA, synthesized by AMV reverse transcriptase, apparently contains a small double-stranded sequence (hairpin) at the 3' terminus. This cDNA can serve as template-primer for E. coli DNA polymerase I, which synthesizes a strand complementary to the cDNA and covalently bound to it. The loop connecting the two strands can be cut by S1 nuclease. Reassociation, hybridization, and restriction endonuclease studies, as well as electrophoretic analyses, indicate that the sequential actions of reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase 1, and S1 nuclease generate full-length, double stranded synthetic globin genes. PMID- 60177 TI - The subcellular localization of calcium in vertebrate smooth muscle; calcium containing and calcium-accumulating structures in muscle cells of mouse intestine. AB - The intracellular localization of calcium by means of cytochemical techniques was studied in smooth muscle cells of mouse intestine. When the lead acetate method according to Carasso and Favard (1966) was used calcium was found in mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum and occasionally between the myofilaments. The active ATP-dependent accumulation of calcium into cell structures was investigated by the oxalate method (Heumann and Zebe, 1967). After appropriate treatment the only structures of smooth muscle cells which contained calcium oxalate (identified by microprobe analysis) were elements of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The results are discussed in relation to the role of calcium in the control of muscle activity during the contraction-relaxation cycle. PMID- 60179 TI - Molecular biology of animal viruses. PMID- 60180 TI - [Trichocellular leukemia]. AB - Basing on 13 cases of hair cell leukemia the gross morphology, histopathology and electron microscopy of this peculiar neoplasis is presented. The tricholeukocytes, as seen in Giemsa's preparation and especially in phase and electron microscope are pathognomic for establishing the diagnosis. In some cases the hairy cells may also be recognized in a HE stained tissue section. The staining method with Amidoblack 10 B may be useful for demonstrating hairy surface of the losely arranged neoplastic cells. Using a method with reduced Protargol and especially Timm's reaction after alcohol-sulfide fixation, a strong positivity could also be noticed. Exceptionaly the surface of free tricholeukocytes was found to be coated by proteinaceous precipitate resembling feature in Hoeppli's phenomen. PMID- 60181 TI - [Morphological findings in the liver tissue of Australia antigen carriers]. AB - In twenty-four blood-donors were performed, after the average period of seventy four days following the evidence of HB Ag in blood, the punction biopsies of the hepatic tissue. In microscopical examination one finding corresponded with the picture of a moderate, chronically persisting hepatitis, and in the twenty-first sample we found non-characteristic alterations, especially in the form of matrix activation of Kupffer's cells and isolated, dispersing resorption histiocytary nodules. Demonstrated in ten blood-donors was HB Ag in the plasma of hepatocytes. PMID- 60182 TI - A comparison of biochemical and biological properties of standard and defective lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. AB - Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus infection of the mouse is the best studied model of persistent viral infection. In cell culture, persistent LCM virus infections are associated with the production of large quantities of defective interfering (DI) LCM virus. These defective interfering particles cannot replicate by themselves yet can interfere with the replication of the standard virus and prevent the cytolytic effect caused by the standard virus. It is important to determine the mechanism of interference and to establish whether the DI virus plays a role in vivo. Biological and biochemical properties of the standard and DI virus particles and also virus enzymes are compared. Antigenic analyses reveal that cells releasing only DI virus particles have less cell surface expression of viral antigens than cells releasing the standard virus. In the animal model, the DI virus is shown to have a protective effect against the pathogenesis of the LCM virus disease both in the mouse and in the rat. PMID- 60183 TI - Relationship between major histocompatibility antigens and disease. Possible associations with human arenavirus diseases. AB - Histocompatibility antigens, virus infections, and disease are discussed relative to avenues of research in humans with arenavirus infections. The data implicating a relationship between histocompatibility complexes in man and animals and diseases of the central nervous system are reviewed. Histocompatibility antigens may share common antigenic determinants with viruses, act as receptor sites for attachment of viruses, and be altered by viruses. In addition, genes regulating immune responses to a variety of natural and synthetic antigens are linked, in many species, to the major histocompatibility complex. Since injury associated with virus infections may be largely due to the activity of the immune system, study of immune response genes may provide insight into understanding resistance to disease. Further, histoincompatibility reactions can activate latent viruses with resultant disease. PMID- 60184 TI - [Effect of two insecticides, lindane and DDVP (dichlorvos) on mouse adrenal glands]. AB - Poisoning of non-pregnant female mice by sublethal doses of Dichlorvos and gamma BHC (Lindane) induces prominent adrenal alterations. A significant weight increase of the glands is observed while Norepinephrine and Epinephrine content is depleted after Dichlorvos intoxication. PMID- 60185 TI - Studies on the immunosuppressive properties of a pregnancy-associated alpha macroglobulin. AB - A pregnancy-associated serum glycoprotein was shown to have an inhibitory effect on several in vitro methods of immunological assessment. This suppressing activity was evident at physiological concentrations and did not appear to be due to cytotoxicity. Transformation, induced by agents often regarded as preferential stimulators of T lymphocytes (concanavalin A, phytohaemagglutinin, allogeneic cells and tuberculin) was significantly depressed by the alpha-globulin. However, this phenomenon was much less evident when lipopolysaccharide or goat anti-human F(ab')2 serum was employed to selectively stimulate B-cells. The glycoprotein also blocked antigen-induced inhibition of leucocyte migration and caused a significant reduction in the number of lymphocytes binding sheep erythrocytes, in the spontaneous rosette test. It is proposed that the non-specific inhibitory activity of the alpha-macroglobulin depends upon some direct effect exerted on the lymphocyte itself and that it is levelled primarily at the cell-mediated immune response. PMID- 60186 TI - Immunological properties of Tg carbohydrates: enhancement of Tg immunoreaction by removal of sialic acid. AB - Immunoreaction of desialylated and native thyroglobulin was compared in sera of patients with anti-thyroglobulin antibodies by radioimmunoassay with 125I labelled thyroglobulin. Two human thyroglobulins were iodinated both in vivo and by lactoperoxidase. After desialylation enhancement of immunoreaction was observed in several sera ranging from marginal to more than 100%. The effect was not due to iodination since it was reproducible with desialylated thyroglobulin labelled in vivo. In one serum (B.P.) a marked enhancement was only seen with one thyroglobulin suggesting that desialylation may unmask isoantigens of thyroglobulin. Glycopeptides prepared from human thyroglobulin inhibited the immunoreaction between native thyroglobulin and autoantisera. The results indicate that sialic acid masks antigenic determinants in human thyroglobulin and that carbohydrates might be the determinants involved in the process of autoimmunization. PMID- 60187 TI - HLA antigens in pernicious anaemia. AB - The increased frequency of HLA-B7 alone and HLA-A3/B7 together, in the same patient, has been confirmed in pernicious anaemia. There is no increase prevalence of HLA-A3 alone. No association has been found between the presence of serum intrinsic factor type 1 antibody and HLA-A3 or HLA-B7. PMID- 60188 TI - Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 60189 TI - Congenital sensory neuropathy with anhidrosis: orthopedic complication and management. AB - This report of 2 sisters with an extremely rare severe form of congenital sensory neuropathy with anhidrosis demonstrates the differential diagnosis, the orthopedic complications, and management. A review of the literature reveals only 7 previously reported cases. PMID- 60190 TI - The contribution of plasma protease inhibitors to antiplasmin activity in man. AB - 1. Human plasma contains a variety of proteins that are capable of inhibiting plasmin activity. Whole plasma possesses 'rapid' and 'progressive' plasmin neutralizing activity: this study assesses the contribution of individual protease inhibitors to this plasmin-neutralizing property of plasma. 2. Rapid and progressive antiplasmin activities of human plasma correlate with alpha2 macroglobulin and alpha1-antitrypsin concentrations respectively. 3. Fluctuations in the amounts of the other measured inhibitors (antithrombin III, Cl in activator and inter-alpha-tryspin inhibitor) did not influence the measured antiplasmin activity. PMID- 60191 TI - [Relationship with England of the Academia Naturae Curiosorum in the 18th Century]. PMID- 60192 TI - The theme of suicide in the works of Flavius Josephus. PMID- 60193 TI - Celsus on human vivisection at Ptolemaic Alexandria. PMID- 60194 TI - [The manuscript of Joseph Dind]. PMID- 60195 TI - Before the drug culture barbiturate/amphetamine abuse in American society. PMID- 60196 TI - The introduction of Maimonides to his "Commentary on the aphorisms of Hippocrates". PMID- 60197 TI - Effect of an experimental teaching program on postoperative ventilatory capacity. PMID- 60198 TI - Experimental trials of the nursing process. PMID- 60199 TI - Critique of "Experimental Trials of the Nursing Process". PMID- 60200 TI - Hepatitis-B: a review. AB - The recent literature on various aspects of hepatitis-B is reviewed with emphasis on the interrelationships of viral structure, antigenic components, and host immune response in acute, chronic, and asymptomatic carrier states of the infection. The mode of replication and mechanisms of transmission are discussed. Special attention is paid to potential non-parenteral routes of spread. The role of hepatitis-B in associated immune complex diseases and in hepatoma is outlined. A guide to the interpretation of serologic tests for hepatitis-B associated antigen and antibody patterns is presented in relation to the clinical stage and prognosis of the infection. Therapy, except in conceptual terms, is not covered but a summary of the current status of active and passive immunization is given. The unresolved question of the infectivity of carrier medical staff for their patient contacts, and the reverse, is discussed. PMID- 60201 TI - Biological approaches to the study of the keratinization process. PMID- 60202 TI - A model interdisciplinary diagnostic and treatment nursery. AB - A model interdisciplinary diagnostic and treatment nursery program for developmentally disabled children is objectively described to enable documentation of effectiveness and replication. The major components of the program were the parent-professional partnership and the objective specification by the interdisciplinary team of problems, treatment plan, and treatment methods for each youngster. The concept of efficiency index is used to document and compare program effectiveness for four treatment cases, one of which is presented in detail. Reasons for program effectiveness and potential problem areas are discussed. PMID- 60203 TI - Intervention with premature human infants. AB - Stimulation has been given to young infants to prevent the development disabilities often associated with prematurity. A review of these experimental programs reveals a lack of knowledge as to the ecology of the premature infant. This is indicated in the assumption that premature infants are sensorily deprived and by the arbitrary differences in the nature of stimulation techniques. Despite various problems in methodological and outcome assessment, stimulated infants tend to perform at higher levels than control-group infants on measures of sensorimotor and development. It is suggested that future research should be directed toward specifying the environment and processing capacities of the premature infant, and that intervention studies should make use of the 4-group design proposed by Solomon and Lessac (1968). PMID- 60204 TI - [1st experience on the determination of endotoxin in patients with peritonitis]. PMID- 60205 TI - Labelling of DNA and differential sister chromatid staining after BrdU treatment in vivo. AB - A method of labelling DNA in vivo with 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is described. After 6 h permanent subcutaneous infusion of BrdU in rodents (adult Microtus agrestis, pregnant NMRI-mice), cell nuclei which have undergone DNA synthesis during the BrdU treatment can be differentiated from the nuclei of other cycle stages by means of their altered staining behaviour after Giemsa. 24 h after the BrdU treatment, mitoses from both bone marrow of the adult animals and tissues from the fetuses showed a differential sister chromatid staining. In male M. agrestis, sister chromatid exchanges were most frequently found in the euchromatic part of the X and in the constitutive heterochromatin of both sex chromosomes. PMID- 60206 TI - Meiosis of trisomy 21 in the human pachytene oocyte. Behaviour of the supernumerary chromosome, identification of chromomere sequence and numerous sub bands. AB - Association modalities of the three 21 chromosomes were studied during pachytene in three trisomy 21 fetuses whose chromosomal constitution was identified following amniocentesis. -- Three classes of images were observed: a trivalent, a trivalent presenting an important asynaptic region of the long arm, and a bivalent accompanied by a univalent. Such behaviour is analagous to that observed in all trisomic organisms. -- We have been able to establish the sequence of chromomeres, whose number varies from 9 to 14 according to the state of contraction in the 21 chromosome. Each band is thus subdivided into several sub bands: at maximal elongation 2 sub-bands for band p11, 4 for q21 and 3 for q222. In addition, the interchromomeric clear bands q221 and q223 are also subdivided by the presence of a very small chromomere. In this way, the G-bands visible on mitotic metaphase chromosomes result from the compression together of several chromomeres whose individuality disappears as chromosomal condensation increases with progression of prophase. PMID- 60207 TI - Negative silver staining in A-T and satellite DNA-rich regions of human chromosomes. AB - Human metaphase chromosomes were stained with silver following a pretreatment with a heated alkaline solution. The most conspicuous feature of the stained metaphases was the omission of silver staining in the secondary constrictions of chromosomes 1,9 and 16, and on the distal Yq. Our evidence indicates that the negative silver binding is due to the preferential removal or alteration of non histone proteins associated with these regions. The cytochemical significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 60208 TI - [Drug therapy of incurable patients]. PMID- 60209 TI - [Propafenon, a new anti-arrhythmic drug (author's transl)]. AB - Propafenon, at an initial oral dose of 900 mg, proved an effective anti arrhythmic drug in 34 patients with frequent ventricular and(or) supraventricular extrasystoles at rest. Long-term ECG monitoring of seven patients revealed that this effect lasted about eight hours. It can be maintained by an oral dose of 300 mg propafenon at eight-hourly intervals, as demonstrated in 21 further patients. Rapid anti-arrhythmic action was achieved in six acute cases with 1.0-1.5 mg propafenon per kg body weight by quick infusion, and lasted for one to one-and-a half hours. In such cases the drug should, therefore, be given synchronously by the oral route. Side effects related to the gastrointestinal tract, sinus automatism as well as atrio-ventricular and intraventricular conduction, but in no case were very serious. PMID- 60210 TI - [Effects of gestagens on the early phases of pregnancy in cattle--clinical experiences. 3. 2 double-blind studies under field conditions: attempt at comparative discussion]. PMID- 60211 TI - Visible and non-visible EEG changes demonstrated by spectral parameter analysis. AB - A change of the heart rate in patients with complete AV-block and externally controllable cardiac pace-makers was earlier shown to influence cerebral function, as measured by psychological tests. To determine whether this influence manifests itself in the EEG, 9 patients aged 43-83 years were examined, all having complete AV-block and externally controllable pace-makers. Their EEGs were recorded at different heart rates between 40 and 100/min at rest and during a mental arithmatic test. The EEG record was evaluated visually and analysed by means of Spectral Parameter Analysis (SPA), introduced by Zetterberg (1969). The changes in the spectral parameters in relation to the heart rates were analysed statistically, In several cases significant changes appeared but the interindividual variations were large. Certain typical patterns could, however, be observed and their importance as a measure of cerebral function due to changes in the cerebral blood flow are discussed. These EEG changes revealed through SPA did not correspond to any visually observable changes in the EEG records. Differences in the spectral parameters between rest and test situations were analysed. Some of the differences found could easily be observed by visual inspection of the EEG. The advantage with SPA was that the changes could be described both qualitatively and quantitavely because SPA separates the spectral properties of the signals into components corresponding to well-known components of the EEG signal. PMID- 60212 TI - Motor and electrical signs of epileptiform activity induced by penicillin in the spinal cords of decapitate cats. AB - Convulsive activity was induced in functionally decapitate cat preparations by topical and by systemic administration of toxic amounts of penicillin. The paroxysmal movement patterns and the electrographic signs of spinal seizure activity recorded from spinal ventral and dorsal roots and from the dorsal surface of the spinal cord are described. Paroxysms of interictal myoclonic twitching as well as tonic and clonic ictal seizures reminiscent of epileptiform convulsions of intact animals were seen in the absence of descending influences from the brain. Tonic seizures consisted of flexion--extension sequences; co contraction of antagonistic muscles was the rule. Clonic activity consisted of rhythmic discharges at 4--6/sec, In dorsal roots, electrotonically conducted paroxysmal negative potential shifts as well as antidromically conducted trains of impulses were recorded. Ictal paroxysmal waves of the cord dorsum potential consisted of either biphasic positive--negative sequences or of purely negative waves. Diphenylhydantoin effectively controlled spinal seizures in the absence of a functioning cerebellum. Diphenylthiohydantoin changed the pattern of seizures, suppressing all ictal activity and greatly enhancing the amplitude and frequency of interictal bursts. Three different barbiturates suppressed seizure activity, but diazepam was ineffective, indicating that the site of its clinical anticonvulsant action may be supraspinal. Seizure activity, once induced, continued for up to 18 h. Intravenous administration of penicillinase abolished seizures indicating that their usual persistence is caused by the presence of the drug in the tissue, not by an irreversible biochemical lesion. PMID- 60213 TI - Functions of primary afferents and responses of extracellular K+ during spinal epileptiform seizures. AB - Paroxysmal activity in ventral roots induced by penicillin in decapitate cat spinal cords is associated with waves of depolarization of primary afferent fiber terminals. These paroxysmal depolarizations can be detected as spontaneously occurring negative dorsal root potentials (DRPs) and are associated with antidromic discharge of nerve impulses in dorsal root fibers; they can also be detected by testing the excitability of afferent nerve terminals by focal stimulation. Negative DRPs evoked by afferent nerve volleys are altered in waveform but not in amplitude during seizures induced by penicillin, although they are blocked by the administration of picrotoxin. While blocking afferent evoked DRPs, picrotoxin does not interfere with paroxysmal DRP'S, INDICATING DIFFERENCES IN THE GENERATION OF THE Two phenomena, which nevertheless have some link in common, for the paroxysmal waves occlude the evoked DRP. Such occlusion would appear as blockade, if DRPs were recorded by condenser-coupled amplifiers. In the presence of pentobarbital penicillin suppresses evoked DRPs, but under such circumstances seizure activity is not observed. Extracellular potassium activity within spinal gray matter transiently increases during seizure activity. Such increments of potassium activity are maximal in the ventral horns. This and several other observations suggest that in decapitate spinal cords systemically administered penicillin induces seizures which originate in the ventral gray matter. Accumulation of excess potassium may be the cause of paroxysmal depolarization of afferent nerve terminals. Excess potassium while not playing a principal role in initiating seizures, may influence the course of seizures by depolarizing afferent terminals. Such depolarization probably enhances tonic background release of transmitter substance, may modify the effect of synaptic input, and may favor synchronization of waves of neural excitability through extrasynaptic mechanisms. PMID- 60214 TI - Correlation between dominant EEG frequency, cerebral oxygen uptake and blood flow. AB - In 32 chronic patients the EEG in temporal and occipito-parietal bipolar leads was analyzed with a manual method giving a period frequency index. The cerebral oxygen uptake (CMRO2) was calculated from the arteriovenous oxygen difference between samples from the internal carotid artery and the jugular bulb respectively, and from measurement of cerebral blood flow with the 133Xenon clearance method. A strong correlation (r = 0.78, P less than 0.001) was found between the EEG frequency indices and the CMRO2 of the hemisphere from which the EEG was recorded. Significant correlations between the EEG indices and gray matter cerebral blood flow were also demonstrated, while the correlation between the EEG indices and the blood flow of the white matter was weak. No correlation at all was found between the EEG indices and the relative weight of the gray matter. We conclude that the EEG carries information about the metabolic activity of the brain tissue. The EEG frequency also correlates with the blood flow of the gray matter of the brain when tissue anoxia has not uncoupled the normal function -flow relationship prevailing in the brain. PMID- 60215 TI - Contingent negative variation and the distraction--arousal hypothesis. AB - Thirty-two normal volunteers were tested in three conditions: (1) a constant foreperiod reaction-time situation consisting of a flash--tone--key-press sequence (control condition); (2) the addition of a short-term memory task consisting of four letters presented within the flash--tone interval with the requirement that they be repeated after key-press to tone (letters--recall); (3) the presentation of letters without short-term memory (letters--no recall). The task involving short-term memory of letters produced a significant reduction in amplitude of CNV for central (Cz) and parietal (Pz) recording sites. The association of CNV decrease and lengthened reaction time to tone was interpreted as a CNV distraction effect. The accompaniment of this distraction effect by elevated heart rate levels and increased frequency of eyeblinks was considered a distraction--arousal association and an important source of disruption in CNV development. These results were interpreted as support for the distraction- arousal hypothesis and appear to provide a sensitive complex of four measures for the evaluation of psychological processes, including the assessment of psychotropic drug effects. Eyeblink frequency in particular appears to be a sensitive indicator of distraction--arousal processes and a potentially useful measure of disturbed psychological functioning. The finding in control conditions of lower CNV amplitude in frontal than in central and posterior recording sites was viewed as a distraction effect due to efforts at eye movement control. The possibility was raised that frontal areas of the brain mediate sustained (tonic) distraction effects whereas centro-parietal regions mediate phasic distraction effects, at least when produced by stimuli of a lexical nature. PMID- 60216 TI - [Vsiual evoked potentials and excitability cycle during simulated diving at -610 m in oxygen-helium atmosphere (Physalie VI)]. AB - Visual evoked potential (VEPs) and visual excitability cycles (VECs) were studied during compression in an oxygen--helium breathing mixture, up to a pressure of 62 ATA, equivalent to a depth of 610 m in sea water (Physalie VI). Records were taken at atmospheric pressure (control responses in confined helium--oxygen atmosphere) and at different depths during compression and decompression; recording was always performed at the same hours; subjects were lying with closed eyes. Isolated or double flashes were delivered every 1.2 sec, from a stroboscopic lamp located in the tank, at a maximum distance of 20 cm from the eyes. Responses were recorded with hook electrodes left in situ throughout the experiment (mid-vertex occipital derivation). VEP and VEC changes occurred in three stages: (1) Between surface and -435 m, components II-V of the VEP decreased in amplitude, while component VI increased. The after-discharge, and the PEV to the second of a pair of stimuli were facilitated. (2) Below 435 m, latencies and amplitudes of waves II-V increased, while those of wave VI decreased. After-discharge and response to the second stimulus were reduced. (3) During decompression up to -120 m, VEPs and VECs again changed, in a way similar to compression from 0 to -435 m. VEP and VEC changes, which are thus opposite during compression, may depend upon speed of compression, although the latter factor is probably not alone. Other factors, like pressure itself or the nature of the gas mixture may well intervene. It is likely that the observed modifications are the result of various factors interacting at various depths. PMID- 60217 TI - Dependence of reward contingent positive variation (RCPV) and cortical synchronization on visual input in the cat. AB - Cats trained to press a lever for milk reward display high amplitude low frequency electrocorticographic post-reinforcement synchronization (PRS) associated with epicortical steady potential shift, termed Reward Contingent Positive Variation (RCPV), over the parieto-occipital cortex. Previously, it was found that the PRS-RCPV phenomenon depends on unpatterned light input devoid of any conceivable information or conditional property. Although training in the dark most likely eliminated the "novelty" factor and the resulting orienting reaction to "light off" as a cause of PRS-RCPV suppression, a possibility could not be excluded that the absence of light had a negatively reinforcing property preventing the emergence of PRS-RCPV. Hence, in the present study an experimental paradigm was used in which "light off" and/or "tone on" cues signalled the availability of reward, the "light off" periods extending through the consummatory response. Seven out of 9 cats, despite 2-4 months of daily training, and 85% correct timing of bar press performance, never showed a PRS-RCPV response (one animal showed only sporadic and poorly developed patterns.) However, when the light was turned on during consumption, in 85% of such tests a fully developed PRS-RCPV emerged in a stimulus-bound manner. One animal was an exception and showed PRS-RCPV both in the absence and presence of light. It was concluded that light input plays a crucial role in the emergence of the PRS-RCPV phenomenon and therefore also participates in the integration of gustatory input. PMID- 60218 TI - The effect of propranolol on normal physiologic tremor. AB - It has been demonstrated that intravenous propranolol produces a 34-60% decrease in normal physiological tremor. The decrease, in response to small doses of the drug (less than 12 mug/kg), was linearly proportional to the baseline tremor size and occurred only following a 10 min delay. It is possible that the effect on tremor is due to the formation of a highly specific centrally acting metabolite of propranolol. PMID- 60219 TI - Effects of melatonin on the photosensitive epilepsy of the baboon, Papio papio. AB - The acute pharmacological effects of melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyl-tryptamine) were evaluated on behaviour and electrographic signs in the photosensitive baboon (Papio papio), including visually evoked potentials VEPs). Doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg i.v. had little effect, contrasting with the enhancement of spontaneous paroxysmal activity and latency of clinical signs elicited by intermittent light stimulation (ILS) produced by the 20 and 50 mg/kg doses. Moreover, a modification of the electrographic pattern of discharge during ILS-induced myoclonic responses was observed. These observations indicate a slight decrease of light sensitivity after melatonin. Only frontal VEPs were modified, with increase in amplitude of their late components for all doses tested. These effects lasted for 2-4 h. The participation of serotoninergic mechanisms involved in melatonin effect and in this model of experimental epilepsy are discussed. PMID- 60220 TI - Reflex effects and postsynaptic membrane potential changes during epileptiform activity induced by penicillin in decapitate spinal cords. AB - The administration of a convulsant dose of penicillin enhanced the transmission of monosynaptic reflexes in spinal cords in which reflex transmission was feeble before the drug treatment, but it had little effect in cords where monosynaptic reflexes were powerful to begin with. Post-tetanic potentiation was not altered by penicillin. Polysynaptic reflexes were invariably enhanced by convulsant amounts of penicillin. Postsynaptic ("direct") inhibition was not affected in the seizure-free intervals in spinal cords treated with penicillin, but it seemed to be suppressed during tonic seizures. The disability of reflex inhibition during ictal discharges may be due to presynaptic depolarization of inhibitory terminals. Recurrent inhibition was partially suppressed in spinal cords treated with penicillin. Neurons in the dorsal and intermediate gray matter were sometimes excited, sometimes inhibited, and sometimes unaffected by seizure activity of their segment. Motoneurons in the ventral horns invariably participated in the interictal and ictal activity. The timing of clonic seizure sequences coincided with bursts of Renshaw cell discharges. Action potential of abnormal amplitude and configuration were frequently observed in convulsing motoneurons. Paroxysmal depolarizing shifts (PDSs) of motoneurons were similar to those observed by other investigators in neurons in experimental epileptic foci of the cerebral cortex, except that spinal PDSs were not followed by hyperpolarizing waves. PMID- 60221 TI - [Effect of ablation of the motor cortex or the cerebellum on postural-kinetic coordination in the cat]. AB - 1. A cat, restrained in a hammock, stands with its feet on supporting trays each furnished with strain gauges to measure the isometric upthrust. Placing reactions are elicited by contact of the left or right forelimb with a moving tray. The placing movement is preceded and accompanied by a postural adjustment characterized by an increase of the upthrust exerted by the opposite forelimb. 2. After ablation of the motor cortex on one side, the placing movement of the contralateral forelimb is abolished for the first few days after the operation and thereafter is delayed. However, the postural adjustment of the ipsilateral forelimb persists, with the same range of latencies as before the operation. 3. After unilateral motor cortical ablation, the contralateral forelimb still takes part in the postural adjustment associated with the placing movement of the other forelimb. 4. In two cats which had 2 years earlier undergone a total cerebellectomy, the placing movement was lacking or appeared with a long delay, whereas a postural adjustment of the other forelimb could be observed, although reduced. 5. The results indicate that the nervous structures responsible for the movement and for the associated postural adjustment are separate but partially linked. PMID- 60222 TI - [Action of ketamine of paroxysmal discharges provoked by air emboli in the baboon Papio papio]. AB - Ketamine was administered to 18 baboons (Papio papio) to disrupt epileptic discharges elicited through intracarotid air injection. Discharge suppression was obtained in all animals but could be preceded by a phase of enhancement of the epileptic patterns, which rendered necessary the injection of a supplementary dose. The mechanisms of Ketamine action are discussed, in connection with data from the literature. Some of the latter suggest that its use in proved epileptics facilitates paroxystic patterns or even convulsions while others emphasize its antiepileptic action. Present data corroborate the ambivalent action of this drug. However, its dominant depressant effect obtained with increasing doses is somewhat favourable to its administration to epileptic patients. PMID- 60223 TI - [Sleep and respiration in the syndrome "apnea during sleep" in the child]. AB - A sleep apnea syndrome has been diagnosed in eight children (age range 5-14). Before undertaking therapeutic trials, sleep and respiration were extensively studied. Sleep and respiration were again analyzed 3 months after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (6 cases) or tracheostomy with insertion of valve (2 cases). Sleep induced apneic apisodes in these children who had normal respiration during wakefulness. Three types of apnea (central, upper airway, and mixed) were recorded in each case. The minimum number of apneas recorded during a single night was 75; the maximum was 816. Polygraphic monitoring demonstrated greatly disturbed sleep. Sleep changes were quantitative as well as qualitative. REM sleep percent was decreased, but stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep were also impaired. A relationship between stages 3-4 NREM sleep and respiration was noted: stages 3-4 sleep disappeared when apneic episodes were numerous; no apnea was recorded during stage 4 sleep. Follow-up nocturnal recordings of two tracheostomized children with valve open, then closed, confirmed this "stage 4/no apnea" relationship. Apneas were also noted to induce marked sinus arrhythmia during sleep. PMID- 60224 TI - Quantification of computer analyzed serial EEGs from stroke patients. AB - While considerable studies have been conducted by others in automation of the EEG, this method does appear to hold promise for quantitative evaluation and automation of the EEG in the CVA patients or those with similar neurologic deficits. Patients were followed up to 1 year post-ictus. The computerized evaluation of serial records in the CVA patients showed trends which were similar to the percent disability of the patients who were graded neurologically. The patients included in the study were those with middle cerebral artery, carotid and vertebro-basilar defects. A substantial increase in the low frequency activity with a concomitant decrease in high frequency activity was observed in the CVA patients. The results observed in these patient examples demonstrate the utility and efficacy of one method of automated analysis of serial EEGs. The parameters defined by this study have proven to be consistent and effective measures. Since these parameters are objective, they are not affected by patient histories and hence, can be utilized to track the ongoing EEG activity and the accompanying clinical state regardless of the disease entity or the course of therapy pursued. The addition of automated objective quantitative measures to EEG analysis provides a dimension not currently available to the clinician. PMID- 60225 TI - Amplitude changes in the visual evoked cortical potential with backward masking. AB - A series of three experiments examined backward visual masking effects and visual evoked cortical potential correlates of such masking. In Experiment I, which was concerned with the effects of sequential sets of like stimuli (grids), it was found that when backward masking occurred, it was accompanied by decreased visual evoked potential (VEP) amplitudes. Experiment II replicated the first experiment using different stimuli (letter B's) and several new subjects. Again, backward masking was accompanied by decreased VEP amplitudes. In Experiment III, which examined the effects of sequential sets of unlike stimuli (B's and grids), it was found that when earlier stimuli differed in configuration from later stimuli, there was an absence of backward masking and VEP amplitude changes also failed to appear. Thus, when backward masking did not occur, no changes in the VEP were observed. The results are discussed in terms of interactions between excitatory and inhibitory activities produced at the visual cortex by the earlier and subsequently presented stimuli. Various concepts regarding the visual system mechanisms involved in backward masking, including integration and interruption hypotheses, may help to explain the complexity of findings obtained thus far in studies using VEP correlates of backward visual masking. PMID- 60226 TI - Distribution of skin potential responses according to states of sleep during the first months of life in human babies. AB - Sixty polygraphic records were made: 16 in newborns and 44 in infants aged from 1 to 25 weeks. 1. The stage of development of the central nervous system is better defined by criteria such as spindle maturation or skin potential response (SPR) distribution according to stages of sleep, then by chronological age; SPR prevalence during "quiet" sleep ("adult" distribution) is not apparent before 12 weeks of age. Classification according to the presence or absence of spindles during quiet sleep shows that: (a)in the group without spindles (1-6 weeks old), SPRs are more numerous during "active" sleep than in newborns; (b)in the group with sporadic spindles (3-11 weeks old) the SPR mean frequency is about the same in "active" and in "quiet" sleep; (c)SPR prevalence during "quiet" NREM sleep ("adult" distrbution) appears clearly in the group with spindles present throughout "quiet" sleep (10-25 weeks old). On the contrary, no relation was found between SPR distribution and the mode of onset of sleep. 2."Active" REM sleep seems to mature earlier than "quiet" NREM sleep. Our studies show that, in active sleep, SPRs increase significantly during the 1st month of life; after that, their frequency does not change any more. On the contrary, SPRs in quiet sleep increase throughout the whole period studied. This increase is also parallel to sleep spindle maturation.3. During transitional periods SPR frequency is between that of active and that of quiet sleep. There is no significant difference between SPR frequency during the first and the second sleep cycles. PMID- 60227 TI - Human sleep and 5-HTP. Effects of repeated high doses and of association with benserazide (RO.04.4602). AB - On account of the conflicting data concerning the action of 5-HTP on human sleep, repeated high doses were administered to three healthy subjects. The paradoxical sleep time and percentage tend to show a decrease during the 2nd week of treatment, followed by a rebound effect after the end of the treatment. In two subjects who initially had a small amount of slow wave sleep (SWS), the treatment induced an increase in SWS that persisted after the end of the treatment. Similar results were obtained after administration of 5-HTP together with RO.04.4602. PMID- 60228 TI - A warning device which indicates the stoppage of paper in an ink-writing recorder. AB - A simple and inexpensive warning device is described which indicates when the paper has stopped moving beneath the pens of an inkwriting polygraph. The device operates on the principle that the electrical resistance of the paper under the recorder pen is markedly reduced when the paper stops moving and is made wetter by the ink. A buzzer sounds within a few seconds of the paper stopping and so reduces the possibility of failing to record otherwise irretrievable information, for example during all-night recordings of the EEG in sleep research. PMID- 60229 TI - Evoked potential analysis: on-line signal optimization using a mini-computer. AB - An automated computer-based system is described for the analysis of evoked potentials. All procedures are carried out in real-time A small computer performs the following functions; timing of random stimulus presentation, rejection of artifact contaminated responses, collection of digital data, computation of averaged evoked responses, computation of the Wiener filter, storage of the filtered and unfiltered averages and display of the resultant averages. The Wiener filter as described by Walter (1969) and Doyle (1975) is used to improve the estimate of the evoked potential by discriminating against frequencies likely to be contaminated with noise. The defining equation for the Wiener filter states that information at any frequency is to be weighted by the ratio of the power known to be in the signal (response) at that frequency over the corresponding power known to be in both the signal (response) and the noise (background EEG) at the same frequency. The technique requires the computation of the Fourier transform for each response in order to produce the power spectra necessary for the Wiener filter. Earlier reports dealing with this technique have usee large computers to analyze the evoked potential data off-line. The system described here allows for greater routine utilization of this powerful technique and the concomitant automated rejection of artifact contaminated responses. Highly improved estimates of the evoked potential are resultant using a minimal number of stimuli. PMID- 60230 TI - Seizure moitoring: a new tool in electroencephalography. AB - A seizure monitoring system, based on telemetry and computer techniques, has been developed to provide a reliable means of recording the patient's spontaneous seizures. It allows a patient's EEG to be monitored for hours or days with 16 channels of EEG from surface, sphenoidal or stereotaxically implanted depth electrodes, from any ward or room within the hospital. The EGG is delayed in time by up to 4 min by a mini-computer so that either the patient can push a button when he experiences his aura or others can push the button when they observe his seizure. Since the delayed EEG is written out, the preictal, ictal and postictal are recorded on paper, without many pages of uneventful interictal information. During the past 16 months, the seizure monitoring system has been used as a clinical service to examine patients with surface electrodes (42), sphenoidal wires (25) and depth electrodes (7) during 146 recording sessions for over 3200 h of monitoring time while over 200 seizures have been recorded. PMID- 60231 TI - Diazepam modification of evoked and spontaneous lateral geniculate activity. AB - The effects of diazepam on evoked and spontaneous activity of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) principal (P) and inhibtory (I) cells were examined in rats. In the majority of P cells tested both spontaneous and evoked activity were suppressed following diazepam treatment with these effects being altered little by a pentylenetetrazol (Metrazol) challenge. In two P cells, which were offresponding to photic pulse stimulation, evoked and spontaneous activity was enhanced by diazepam but again these effects were altered little by the Metrazol challenge. I cell spontaneous activity was suppressed by diazepam and augmented by the Metrazol challenge; however, post-stimulus activity was relatively unaffected by either treatment. These results were discussed in terms of support for a functional re-evaluation of the rat dLGN. PMID- 60232 TI - Androgen of the human prostate. AB - The relationship between the concentrations of total and apparent free testosterone in the plasma and the levels of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 5 alpha-androstan-3-alpha, 17 beta-diol (DIOL) in 13 benign hypertrophic and 6 carcinomatous prostates was studied. The androgen concentration within both types of glands was nearly 4-fold that in the blood but bore no direct relationship to the blood level. About 75% of the androgen in the tissue was DHT. The most striking finding was that, in spite of a 25.5% less concentrated pool of apparent free testosterone in the blood, the level of T and its metabolites in the cancer tissue was 29% above that in the samples of benign hypertrophic prostate. PMID- 60233 TI - Immunochemical study of the peptidoglycan of gram-negative bacteria. AB - The specificity of antibodies directed against the peptidoglycan of gram-negative bacteria was studied. The peptidoglycans of Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Moraxella glucidolytica, Neisseria perflava, give identical precipitin reactions. By means of inhibition studies with various peptidoglycan subunits and synthetic peptides, it was shown that the antibodies are essentially directed against the peptide moiety of the peptidoglycan: L-Ala-D-Glu (L)-mesoA2pm-(L)-D-Ala, that the peptide reacts better with antibodies when it is not cross-linked, and that the C terminal portion-meso-A2pm-D-Ala of the peptide is immunodominant. These results explain the immunological identity of the peptidoglycans of gram-negative bacteria, which possess the same peptide subunit. Only weak cross-reactivity was observed with the peptidoglycans of gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus faecium, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, Corynebacterium poinsettiae) where meso diaminopimelic acid is replaced by L-lysine or L-homoserine. However, the peptidoglycan of Bacillus megaterium which possesses the same peptide subunit as gram-negative bacteria, gives only a reaction of partial identity with these bacteria. This result suggests the presence on the peptidoglycan of gram-negative bacteria, of other undefined antigenic determinants. PMID- 60234 TI - Dinitrophenol, dicoumarol and pentachlorophenol as inhibitors and parasite substrates in the ATP phosphoribosyltransferase reaction. AB - Adenosine-triphosphate phosphoribosyltransferase from Escherichia coli is inhibited by dicoumarol and pentachlorophenol in competition with ATP. Ki was approximately 60 muM for dicoumarol and 50 muM for pentachlorophenol. Carbonylcyanide m-chlorphenylhydrazine did not seem to have any kinetic effect. Dicoumarol is bound to the extent of 6 sites per enzyme hexamer with a dissociation constant Kd of 50 muM. Dicoumarol and pentachlorophenol partly prevent the binding of ATP and AMP to the transferase. The reverse reaction is inhibited by dicoumarol and pentachlorophenol without changes in [s]0.5 for phosphoribostladenosine trophosphate. Dicumarol, dinitrophenol and pentachlorophenol diminish the yield of phosphoribosyladenosine triphosphate in the transferase reaction apparently by acting as parasite substrates; carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone had no effect. PMID- 60235 TI - Paromomycin and dihydrostreptomycin binding to Escherichia coli ribosomes. AB - Paromomycin binds specifically to a single type of binding site on the 70-S streptomycin-sensitive Escherichia coli ribosome. This site is different from that of dihydrostreptomycin since paromomycin binds to streptomycin-resistant ribosomes and sine dihydrostreptomycin does not compete for paromomycin binding. Paromomycin binding, unlike dihydrostreptomycin binding, is independent of changes in ribosome concentration but influenced by magnesium ion concentration. Moreover, paromomycin does not bind to the 30-S subunit of the streptomycin sensitive ribosome, except in the presence of dihydrostreptomycin, which probably induces the conformational changes necessary for a paromomycin binding site. This induction does not occur with streptomycin-resistant ribosomes. Neither antibiotic binds to the 50-S subunit. In general, binding of the one antibiotic increases the number of sites available for binding of the other. Both antibiotics exhibit marked non-specific binding at high antibiotic/ribosome ratios. Competition studies have enabled the classification of other aminoglycosides according to their ability to compete for the paromomycin and dihydrostreptomycin binding sites. Derivatives structurally related to paromomycin compete for its binding, the degree of competition being related to antibacterial activity, but do not compete for dihydrostreptomycin binding; they, on the contrary, increase the number of dihydrostreptomycin binding sites. Neither gentamicin nor kanamycin derivatives, which induce a high level of misreading, nor kasugamycin and spectinomycin, which do not induce misreading, compete for paromomycin or dihydrostreptomycin binding sites. Other sites may be involved in the binding of these aminoglycosides and in inducing misreading. PMID- 60236 TI - Biosynthesis of gramicidin S with the aid of dipeptides by gramicidin S synthetase. AB - Dipeptides L-phenylalanyl-proline, D-phenylalanyl-proline, prolyl-valine, valyl lysine, lysyl-leucine and leucyl-phenylalanine, derived from the sequence of gramicidin S, are substrates of the gramicidin S synthetase. When any of these dipeptides are used to replace the two corresponding amino acids in the reaction assay, cyclodecapeptide antibiotic synthesis occurs, and requires the whole multienzyme system. Active esters, like the thiophenyl and p-nitrophenyl esters of D-phenylalanyl-proline are unable to promote gramicidin S biosynthesis with the gramicidin S synthetase system or with the heavy enzyme alone. PMID- 60237 TI - Editorial: Chromosomes and human neoplasms. Achievements using new staining techniques. AB - Numerical and structural chromosome aberrations are frequently found in neoplastic cells. As demonstrated by the new chromosome banding techniques these aberrations are not random, but tend to show a specific occurrence. A model example is the leukemias where many cytogenetical investigations have been done to date. In leukemia chromosome analysis serves the following purposes: to identify a neoplastic process, to confirm and strengthen the hematological diagnosis, for the early diagnosis of transformation from a chronic leukemia into its blastic phase and for following up the clonal evolution of a leukemic cell line. In the discussion of chromosomes and neoplasms it must be mentioned that individuals demonstrating chromosomal instability and some trisomic patients show a greater tendency toward the development of a malignancy. Malignancy is primarily a cellular phenomenon caused by a disturbance in cellular regulation, whose fine events are not known. Therefore the exact role of the chromosomes in neoplastic processes cannot be stated. From experimental investigations it appears that the affected chromosomes carry cell growth regulating factors and also that a specific aberration is the result of the action of a specific agent. PMID- 60238 TI - Preparation and properties of antisera directed against antigens of the P-815 mastocytoma cell not shared by its syngeneic host, the DBA/2 mouse. PMID- 60239 TI - Tumour immunity in tetraparental mouse chimaeras--a review. PMID- 60240 TI - Metabolic controls in precancerous liver-VII. Time course of loss of dietary feedback control of cholesterol synthesis during carcinogen treatment. PMID- 60241 TI - Oncogenic viruses: implications for human diseases (part I). PMID- 60242 TI - Treatment of pain in patients with advanced cancer. PMID- 60243 TI - Multiple agent chemotherapy for advanced histiocytic lymphoma. PMID- 60244 TI - Oncogenic viruses: implications for human diseases (Part II). PMID- 60245 TI - Inhibition by 5-hydroxytryptamine of anaphylactic histamine release from bovine granulocytes. AB - A suspension of granulocytes from calves sensitised to horse plasma released histamine when exposed to the antigen. Histamine release was strongly inhibited by 5-hydroxytryptamine in a dose-related fashion. 5-HT is known to be released from bovine lungs in vitro, and may regulate the release of histamine in vivo during anaphylaxis. PMID- 60246 TI - Acridine orange binding to chromatin of individual cells and nuclei under different staining conditions. I. Binding capacity of chromatin. PMID- 60247 TI - Acridine orange binding to chromatin of individual cells and nuclei under different staining conditions. Thermadenaturation of Chromatin. PMID- 60248 TI - Mechanism of differential staining of BUdR-substituted Vicia faba chromosomes. PMID- 60249 TI - The HLA linkage group. PMID- 60250 TI - Degradation of encephalitogenic protein in aerobic ascorbic acid solutions. AB - Aerobic ascorbic acid solutions are capable of extensively cleaving the peptide chain of the myelin basic protein. Cleavage occurred most readily with C-terminal to aspartic acid, serine, threonine, glutamic acid and leucine residues. PMID- 60251 TI - [Characterization of flagella and flagellin of Listeria monocytogenes. I. Immunological investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 60252 TI - Localization of bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP)-like immunoreactivity in rat pancreatic monolayer culture. AB - Antiserum to bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP) has been used for immunofluorescent staining in the light microscope. With this technique it is possible to detect the presence of specific cells in monolayer culture from neonatal rat pancreas which contain BPP or a closely related peptide. PMID- 60253 TI - Preparation of specific antiserum against Rana esculenta pre-alpha lens crystallin. AB - Specific antiserum against Rana esculenta lens pre-alpha crystallin was prepared in a rabbit by injecting antigen-antibody precipitate of this crystallin obtained from immunoelectrophoresis of esculenta total soluble lens proteins against homologous antiserum. PMID- 60254 TI - Hemagglutination of neuraminidase-treated human erythrocytes by Leishmania enriettii infected guinea-pig sera. AB - Sera from guinea-pigs infected with the protozoan parasite Leishmania enriettii showed higher hemagglutination (HA) titres for neuraminidase treated human erythrocytes than those of normal guinea-pig sera. This HA activity was associated mostly with the 19S fraction of the immune serum and could be absorbed out with an antigenic fraction of the parasite membrane. Antigenic determinants involved in this HA reaction consisted of, at least, beta-D-galactosyl or lactosyl residues. PMID- 60255 TI - 2-Phenylethanol, a presumed sexual stimulant produced by the male cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni. AB - A sex pheromone produced by male cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), has been isolated from the genital scent brushes and identified as 2 phenylethanol. It is shown conclusively to elicit specific behavioural responses in the female (such as wing vibration and abdominal elevation), as determined by a novel behavioural laboratory bioassay. This is taken as further evidence that the male pheromone of T. ni acts as a sexual stimulant (aphrodisiac) prior to mating. 2-Phenylethanol represents the first identification of a genital scent brush pheromone in the family Noctuidae, and of a male pheromone in the subfamily Plusiinae. PMID- 60256 TI - Origin and synthesis of alpha-macrofetoprotein in Zajdela ascites hepatoma bearing rats. PMID- 60257 TI - Isolation from peripheral nerve of a protein similar to the glial fibrillary acidic protein. PMID- 60258 TI - Studies on chemically modified forms of the myelin basic protein: requirements for encephalitogenicity. PMID- 60259 TI - Pathology and pathogenesis of Aleutian disease. PMID- 60260 TI - [Autoantibody to luteinizing hormone in patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred microgram of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone was intravenously injected into 19 female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and plasma luteinizing hormone levels before and after the injection were determined with a method of solid phase radioimmunoassay. In 4 patients among them, the basal levels of luteinizing hormone were abnormaly high. A question about the existence of autoantibodies to luteinizing hormone in the patient's plasma raised to explain the reason for the high level of luteinizing hormone. The results from 3 experiments for solution of this question were as follows. 1) The patient's plasma was proved to have a binding activity with labeled luteinizing hormone. 2) This binding activity is specifically inhibited by purified luteinizing hormone. 3) This binding activity was located in gamma-globulin fraction. From the results, the existence of autoantibodies to luteinizing hormone in the 2 patients' plasma was concluded. PMID- 60261 TI - Microfiche in dental education. PMID- 60262 TI - Influence of steroid-receptor complexes on transcription by human hypertrophied prostatic RNA polymerases. AB - The effects of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone-receptor complexes on transcription in human hypertrophied prostate tissue were studied in a cell-free system reconstituted from the various subcellular fractions prepared from specimens of the diseased gland. Two major RNA polymerase species were isolated from human hypertrophied prostate. These were designated A and B and were distinguishable by their preference for divalent cations and their sensitivity to salt and alpha amanitin. Moreover, RNA polymerase B, but not RNA polymerase A, could effectively transcribe a prostate chromatin template. Any enzyme activity endogenous to some chromatin preparations was shown to be characteristic of RNA polymerase B. 5alpha Dihydrotestoterone-receptor complexes were transferred into prostatic chromatin both steroid- and tissue-specifically. The association of steroid-receptor complexes with chromatin produced changes in template activity and increased the transcription of the chromatin by exogenous and endogenous RNA polymerase B. With a number of specimens, however, there was considerable variation in accessible cytoplasmic receptor sites, uptake of steroid-receptor complexes by chromatin preparations, the template activity of the chromatin and its response to steroid receptor stimulation. Nevertheless, the transcription characteristics of human hypertrophied prostatic chromatin appear to be influenced by steroid-receptor complexes, and the extent of the response to added complexes would undoubtedly be governed by pre-existing complexes having had an earlier effect. PMID- 60263 TI - Avian infectious bronchitis vaccine: primordial or derived virus? AB - Vaccine formulations of virulent, modified/attenuated, or inactivated mono- or multivalent types of chicken embryo-propagated avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) at different passage levels and administered by non-parenteral routes have been used for immunization of chickens against the disease. Two doses of vaccines are generally used: 1) high level virus of lessened virulence, antigenicity and immunogenicity as "derived" from its parental virus via serial passage in and selective adaptation to the chicken embryo, and 2) low passage level virus with the above properties more closely related to the greater potency of the "primordial" parental virus in nature. The efficacy of vaccines with contemporary or candidate virus has been interpreted from a variety of criteria among which are: 1) clinical response, residence and dissemination of virus, 2) in vivo and in vitro local tissue response of tracheal epithelium, 3) protection against virulent homologous or heterologous types of IBV, and 4) induced secretory and humoral antibody. Vaccines have been economically useful and of epizootiological value but the greatest difficulty is the uncertainty of protection because of the changing antigenic, immunogenic and other properties of existing virus and of newly emerging types. With a complex virus such as IBV, the opportunities for natural selection and evolution of new or modified antigens via association with antibody of immune or of partially immune hosts are as enormous as antigenic lability resulting from fragmentation of the primordial genome under natural and/or artificial environmental stress. The present day IBV might be progeny from a unique pool of primordial genome via mutation and host-induced variation, or even persistence of primordial virus as an infinitesimal portion of the population. PMID- 60264 TI - Cellular localization of intestinal calcium-binding protein in pig duodenum. AB - The gamma-globulin fraction of a rabbit antiserum against porcine intestinal calcium-binding protein (CaBP) was used in an immunoperoxidase method to study CaBP localization in porcine duodenal tissue. Specific immunostaining, indicative of the presence of CaBP, was noted within the cytoplasm of the duodenal epithelial cells. No CaBP was detected in goblet cells or in the subepithelial layers. When the specific antibody was replaced by either nonimmune rabbit gamma globulin or when the specific antibody was preadsorbed with excess CaBP, no positive immunostaining was seen. Our studies lend support to the hypothesis that CaBP may function in intracellular calcium transport. PMID- 60265 TI - Blood glycoprotein levels in diabetes mellitus. AB - Five glycoproteins have been measured in the blood of 145 diabetic patients with and without clinical evidence of complications. Patients with diabetic complications have higher glycoproteins levels particularly when expressed as a ratio to serum albumin levels. In 32 pairs of patients matched for age, sex, body weight, duration and treatment of diabetes, significantly higher haptoglobin, fibrinogen and caeruloplasmin levels were associated with the presence of diabetic complications, but blood glucose levels were not significantly different. Beta-lipoprotein levels were positively correlated with age and alpha2 macroglobulin levels with the duration of clinical disease, but the type of antidiabetic therapy administered did not significantly alter glycoprotein levels. It is suggested that rising levels of certain glycoproteins in the blood of diabetic patients may indicate the development of diabetic vascular complications, but a prospective study is required before it can be decided whether this change predates the clinical appearance of the complications. PMID- 60266 TI - [Cardiac myxoma: anatomic and clinical description of four cases (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of cardiac myxoma diagnosed among 68 solid intracavitary cardiac formations are described. The myxomas (all unexpected autopsy findings of the left atrium) are illustrated by their clinica, macroscopic, histologic and histochemic characteristics. The differences between heart myxomas and thrombi are briefly outline and discussed. PMID- 60267 TI - Immune response in fulminant viral hepatitis, type B. AB - Serial serum samples from the time of exposure until fatal outcome in 3 patients with fulminant viral hepatitis, type B, were examined for the presence of the antigens associated with hepatitis, type B, and their corresponding antibodies. The titers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were found to decrease by greater than 50% before death. Antibody to surface antigen (anti-HBs) was not detectable in any sample. Patterns of antibody to core antigen (anti-HBc)), HBsAg subtype "e" antigen, and anti- "e" were unremarkable, and could not be distinguished from those that might occur in many self-limited cases of hepatitis, type B. A rise in alpha-fetoprotein before demise suggests that late but inadequate liver regeneration occurred in these patients. PMID- 60268 TI - Influence of bovine TSH on plasma thyroxine levels and thyroid function in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). PMID- 60269 TI - Immunohistochemical detection, by light and electron microscopy, of pituitary hormones in cold-blooded vertebrates. I. Fish and amphibians. PMID- 60270 TI - Ultrastructure of the cell types and of the neurosecretory innervation in the pituitary of Mugil cephalus L. from freshwater, the sea, and a hypersaline lagoon III. The neuro-intermediate lobe. PMID- 60271 TI - [Identification of simian chromosomes by the differential staining method with Romanovskii-Giemza stain. II. Papio hamadryas]. AB - By means of differential staining with the Romanovsky - Gimsa dye the distribution of G-bands was studied in chromosomes of bone marrow cells and of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes in Papio hamadryas. All the homologous chromosome pairs were identified. It was shown, as compared Papio hamadryas karyotypes with that of Macaca mulatta, that patterns of most chromosomes differentiation were similar. Certain differences between these species were observed in the character of differentiation of chromosomes 1 and 5 and also in parameters of chromosomes 2 and 21 (X). PMID- 60272 TI - Characterization and localization of carcinoembryonic antigen in a suqauamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 60273 TI - [Effect of substrate and small doses of cortisone on the induction of Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (author's transl)]. AB - A number of enzymes are induced by steroid hormones. In this paper the reaction of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase is further analyzed. In particular we show in which way the substrate and low doses of cortisone cause an induction. 1) For the induction of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in adrenalectomized rats by 2.5 mg cortisone/kg, the presence of the substrate is necessary as well. Under these conditions an induction of the enzyme can already be registered in the presence of 12.5 mg L-tryptophan/kg. 2) In animals treated before with cortisone, the enzyme maximum appears 30 min after L-tryptophan injection, The enhancement of enzyme activity in animals which are treated with 2.5 mg cortisone/kg before is blocked by actidione only until 30 min after L-tryptophan injection. 3) Experiments with antibodies in animals treated with a low dosis of cortisone show that L-tryptophan acts mainly via enzyme degradation or the saturation with the coenzyme hematin, respectively. PMID- 60274 TI - Phospholipase A2 activity in human gamma-globulin fraction. PMID- 60275 TI - Banding pattern observed in human chromosomes by the modified BSG technique. AB - A successful modification of the BSG technique to reveal C and R bands simultaneously in human chromosomes is described. Conventional air dried preparations were treated first with 0.1 N HCl for 30 min at room temperature, then denatured in freshly prepared 3% aqueous solution of Ba(OH)2SH2O for 10 min at 50 degrees C. After rinsing, the slides were incubated for 1 h at 60 degrees C in 2 X SSC, and stained with Giemsa. The striking intense staining pattern could be observed in chromosome No. 19. The factors involved in the present technique were analyzed changing the concentrations of the reagents and the treatment time. It was evident that R, T and C bands correspond to a progressive destruction of the chromosome structure mainly by the Ba(OH)2SH2O solution. PMID- 60276 TI - CT banding of human chromosomes: description of the banding technique and some of its modifications. AB - A technique is described for staining centromeric areas and reverse, mainly telomeric bands in human chromosomes. With this "CT" technique karyotyping of C banded metaphases is possible without previous or subsequent use of other banding methods. The method consists of an alkaline pretreatment at 60 degrees C with Ba(OH)2, followed by salt incubation in 2 X SSC at 60 degrees C and staining with the cationic dye "Stains-all". In a series of experiments the influence of the variables in the procedure was studied, with the following main results: 1) Ba(OH)2 treatment alone and subsequent staining produces a distinct reverse banding pattern in which the secondary constriction of chromosome 9 is positive. 2) The 2 X SSC incubation in the CT procedure causes the Ba(OH)2 induced reverse bands to become weaker; the centromeric regions, however, become very prominent. 3) If the temperature of the 2 X SSC treatment is raised to 85 degrees C, the CT technique results in a specific staining of the short arm regions of some probably variant acrocentric chromosomes. The interphase nuclei of individuals possessing such acrocentrics usually show very distinct chromocentres after this treatment; in the polymorphs these chromocentres are often situated along the nuclear membrane. The mechanisms which may form the basis of the staining results obtained, and the possible significance in human cytogenetics of the techniques described, are discussed briefly. PMID- 60277 TI - Q-banding of human chromosomes after BUdR and BCdR treatment. AB - Two different Q patterns were found in BUdR and BCdR treated chromosomes of human lymphocyte cultures: X-type pattern, in which Giemsa and quinacrine banding both are reversed; Y-type pattern, in which Q-banding remains conventional in spite of reverse G-banding. Possible mechanisms of these findings are discussed. PMID- 60278 TI - Chromosome analysis on 930 consecutive newborn children using quinacrine fluorescent banding technique. AB - Chromosome analysing using quinacrine fluorescence was performed on 930 consecutive newborn infants. The total incidence of major chromosome aberrations including numerical changes of the sex chromosomes, and structural changes of autosomes, was 0.54%. Incidence of XYY (0.4%) and XXY (0.2%) were relatively higher as compared to other studies. About 0.75% of the newborn infants were found to have a variable bright fluorescent band located on the proximal area of the short arm (p11) rather than on the proximal long arm (q11) of chromosome No. 3. Attempts were also made to record the variable fluorescent regions on 7 autosomes and the Y chromosome. PMID- 60279 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein concentration in cord blood from twins and from a set of quadruplets--a case of superfetatio? AB - Alpha-Fetoprotein has been determined in cord blood fron mono- and dizygotic twins and in a case of quadruplets. The possibility of superfetatio has been evaluated by the clinically calculated gestational ages and by the alpha fetoprotein levels in cord blood, especially in a case of quadruplets. PMID- 60280 TI - Immunochemical study of DNA modified by aminomethylol amino acid derivatives. PMID- 60281 TI - The influence of particulate carriers and of mineral oil in adjuvants on the antibody response in rabbits to human gamma globulin. AB - A single inoculation of rabbits with human gamma globulin, administered with polystyrene latex particles and mineral oil as adjuvant, gave rise to at least the same level and duration of antibody formation as could be achieved with classical Freund's adjuvant made "complete" with killed mycobacteria. PMID- 60282 TI - Immunological release of histamine from bovine leucocytes. Unusual adrenergic modulation. AB - Sensitized bovine granulocytes release histamine when exposed to specific antigen. In comparison with in vitro systems in several other species, the modulation of this release by adrenergic agents is unique. Beta-Adrenoceptor stimulation potentiates (rather than inhibits), whereas alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation inhibits (rather than potentiates) histamine release. Adrenaline, which is generally considered to be a physiological antagonist of the anaphylactic reaction, potentiated histamine release in this study. Dopamine, which is present in high concentration in bovine mast cells, was without effect. The results are discussed in terms of the possible role of granulocytes in bovine hypersensitivity. PMID- 60283 TI - Letter: L.E. cells during pregnancy. PMID- 60284 TI - [Blood regeneration after blood substitution with dextran 60 or hydroxyethyl starch of an identical volume]. AB - Male rats of the Wistar strain survived an isovolaemic blood volume replacement down to a haematocrit value of 20% using commercial dextran 60 or hydroxyethyl starch. No significant changes of the blood volume have been observed. 14 days after treatment, the blood values were found to be practically within the normal range. As early as 3 days after the blood exchange, a significant increase in reticulocytes has been noted which reached its maximum on the 7th day. In both series the blood regeneration was identical. PMID- 60285 TI - Isolation from human gastric juice of an antigen closely related to the carcinoembryonic antigen. AB - A carcinoembryonic antigen-like antigen(s) (CELIA) was isolated from normal human gastric jucie by immunoadsorbents and gel chromatography. The isolated CELIA reacted identically to CEA in immunodiffusion testa against anti-CEA and anti CELIA. Other experiments suggested subtle differences between CELIA and CEA. Two out of six CELIA preparations tested in immunodiffusion did not react in a completely identical manner with CEA.In gel filtration, CELIA eluted slightly after CEA. Absorption of anti-CEA with CELIA resulted in antisera with greatly reduced reactivity to CELIA, but retained anti-CEA activity. Such antisera may be helpful in attempts to increase the cancer specificity of the CEA test. PMID- 60286 TI - Detection of human tumor-associated antigens by the leukocyte migration in agarose assay. AB - Twenty-three of 36 (64%) lung cancer patients, 19 of 36 (54%) melanoma patients and 18 of 27 (66%) sarcoma patients tested in the leukocyte migration in agarose assay against soluble extracts of histologically similar tumors showed significant inhibition of leukocyte migration. Reactivity to extracts of dissimilar tumors was low. Sera of only 1/13 (7%) lung cancer patients, 2/19 (10%) melanoma patients and 7/21 (33%) sarcoma patients were inhibited by extracts of histologically dissimilar tumors. Only 7-9% of cancer patients reacted to paired extracts of normal tissue from the tumor donors. An average of 13% of sera from normal controls reacted to tumor extracts. Stage of disease and mode of therapy appeared to have little effect on overall reactivity in this assay, although the number of patients within the various categories was small for purposes of statistical analysis. The leukocyte migration in agarose assay shows a sensitivity and specificity to tumor-associated antigens comparable to that of the older capillary tube method in general use and may facilitate performance of migration inhibition. This assay may not be useful as a prognostic test due to the lack ofcorrelation with stage of disease and treatment modality. However, its high specificity and economical use of tumor antigen suggest applications in tumor antigen purification. The use of soluble tumor antigen preparations may make it possible to purify these antigens further to increase specificity and reactivity. PMID- 60287 TI - Interactions of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) with isolated lymphocytes. III. Alterations of splenic B and T cells in Friend virus-infected mice. AB - Lymphoid tissues of mice infected with murine leukemia virus (Friend) (MuLV-F) were examined for the presence of cellular markers of MuLV-F infection. The Friend virus-associated cell membrane antigen (FVMA) and the virus group-specific antigen (GSA) were detectable on cells from the spleen and, to a lesser degree, on cells from the bone-marrow. In contrast, neither FVMA nor GSA was found in cells from the thymus. Alterations in the B-cell and T-cell spleen populations of MuLV-F-infected mice were then studied. The proportion of Ig-positive cells declined from the initial 45% (in non-infected controls) to about 10% after 2 weeks of infection. A similar decline of theta-positive cells was noted. However, complement-bearing cells (EAC rosettes) declined even more rapidly and became undetectable in the second week after infection. The treatment of spleen cells from MuLV-F-infected mice with anti-FVMA serum plus complement in vitro reduced the number of detectable Ig-positive cells, specifically, whereas the number of theta-positive cells remained unchanged. Furthermore, B and T cells from spleens of infected mice were separated on an affinity column with anti-Ig antibody coated beads. The initial cell suspension contained about 45% FVMA-positive cells, about 40% Ig-positive cells and about 40% theta-positive cells. Ig+ cells were retained on the column. The theta-positive cell fraction was collected in the eluate and contained very few FVMA-positive cells with some "null" cells. Most of the FVMA-positive cells were retained on the column, which strongly suggested that they were B cells. These results confirm the previous experiments which showed the selective infections of purified splenic B cells by MuLV-F in cultures. PMID- 60288 TI - Murine neuroblastoma clones with varying degrees of C-type virus expression. AB - Three tissue culture clones of neuroblastoma cells derived from the C-1300 tumor in strain A/J mice were found to contain type-C virus-specific gas antigen. None of the clones spontaneously released mouse-tropic type-C viruses although one clone, N-4, spontaneously released a xenotropic virus. Two clones, NB-2A and N-4, could be induced by treatment with 5-iododeoxyuridine and dexamethasone phosphate to produce B-tropic type-C virus, but clone N-18 failed to release either ecotropic or xenotropic virus under several different induction conditions. Karyotype analysis did not reveal specific chromosome deletions in clone N-18. PMID- 60289 TI - Serologically detectable specific and cross-reactive antigens on the membrane of a polyoma virus-induced murine tumor. AB - With the aid of an assay measuring complement-dependent cytotoxocity mediated by syngeneic antibodies, we performed a serological analysis of surface antigens of a polyoma-virus-induced murine tumor (SEYF-a). In vivo propagated SEYF-a ascites tumor cells expressed a specific membrane antigen in addition to various other cross-reacting antigens. Among these we could identify at least four separate specificities. Two of these were present on MuLV-induced lymphoma cells, the first on Moloney-virus-induced YAC cells and the second on Gross-virus-induced GHA cells. The third cross-reacting antigen was detected on EL-4 cells. At least one additional specificity was present on two methylcholantthrene-induced murine sarcomas. Normal syngeneic lymphoid cells were insensitive to cytotoxicity mediated by the anti-tumor antisera. Quantitative and perhaps also qualitative differences between that antigenic expression of in vivo propagated on cultured SEYF-a cells were indicated. These studies show that hyperimmune sera produced in syngeneic mice against transplanted tumors may contain a considerable number of antibody specificities, only some of which are specific for the tumor. Furthermore, the results also suggest that polyoma-virus-induced tumors may possess individually distinct antigenic specificities, over and above the known cross-reacting TSTA or TSSA type antigen. PMID- 60290 TI - Specific anti-fibroblast cytotoxicity of antibodies to fibroblast surface antigen. AB - An antiserum to SF antigen was shown to be selectively cytotoxic to two human fibroblast lines, while two tumor cell lines (one melanoma and one Hela cell line) were resistant. The selective cytotoxicity was also demonstrable in mixtures of fibroblasts and tumor cells. The cytotoxic effect was abrogated by admixture of human serum containing SFA. PMID- 60291 TI - Dissociation and denaturation behaviour of sesame alpha-globulin in sodium dodecyl sulphate solution. AB - The effect of anionic detergent, sodium dodecyl sulphate, on the major protein, alpha-globulin of sesame seed (Sesamum indicum L.) has been investigated by gel filtration, sedimentation velocity, viscosity, optical rotation, difference spectra and fluorescence measurements. The detergent causes dissociation of the protein first and then denaturation. In the detergent concentration range of .175 4.0 X 10(-"3) M four components are observed in the ultracentrifuge. The specific rotation of the protein increases with the detergent concentration above 2.5 x 10 (-3) M detergent suggesting conformational change; above 8 X 10(-"3) M detergent the value of -[alpha] does not change. The reduced viscosity etared however, increases above .25 X 10(-3) M detergent and does not attain a plateau value. The difference spectrum of the protein indicates that both tryptophan and tyrosine groups have been affected by the detergent. The fluorescence intensity decreases and the maxima shifts towards red in the detergent solution resulting in an "isoemissive point" at 355 nm. The double difference spectra in sucrose-detergent protein system show that below 5-0 X 10(-3) M detergent, the difference absorption and fluorescence spectrum result from the binding of the detergent near the chromophoric groups and are not due to conformational change. Binding studies by equilibrium dialysis indicate the presence of 50 binding sites in the protein and binding constant of 3-0 X 10(3). PMID- 60292 TI - Peter Shaffer's Equus--a psychoanalytic exploration. AB - In this paper on Equus, an attempt is made to explore from an analytic point of view the psychodynamics of the protagonist, Alan, and his therapist, Dysart. Both the preoedipal and oedipal aspects are discussed. The main thesis of my remarks are aimed at revealing how the author seized upon a real event, namely the blinding of horses by an English lad, and has woven this into his own fantasies. It is emphasized that the playwright in addition employed various sophisticated ego functions that enabled him to express these fantasies in Greek mythological terms (the oedipal myth and the voyage of Agamemnon). The final work then comprises a true creative effort, since, as I mention in my introductory remarks on the creative process, it employs both primary and secondary process thinking and symbolism. The final synthesis represents an eloquent mythopoetic expression and combination of id and ego (autonomous ego functions). PMID- 60293 TI - A cross-cultural test of the Freudian theory of circumcision. AB - Freud's thesis that circumcision is a symbolic substitute for castration as a result of the Oedipus conflict was tested by examining 111 societies (see the note to Table 1). The results show that circumcision is likely to be found in societies in which (1) the son sleeps in the mother's bed during the nursing period in bodily contact with her, and/or (2) the father sleeps in a different hut, reducing his influence on the son as a superior and competing male. Since these two factors seems to intensify the son's oedipal attachment to the mother, the data are compatible with Freud's theory. Bettelheim's theory of circumcision is less fully formulated, and only when we assume that males significantly reduce their vagina envy after puberty rites is his theory compatible with the data. PMID- 60294 TI - Usefulness of liver counts in diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 60295 TI - Analysis of protein-labeling solutions (99m Tc) by zonal electrophoresis. PMID- 60296 TI - Uptake and scintiscanning of the prostate with 131I-labeled estradiol phosphate. PMID- 60297 TI - Molecular probes for tumor viruses in human cancer. PMID- 60298 TI - The structure and properties of the cell surface coat. PMID- 60299 TI - Study of the lysosomes by vital stains in normal keratocytes and in keratocytes from macular dystrophy of the cornea. AB - The acridine orange is an excellent vital stain for the "in vivo" study of the lysosomal dynamics in cultured keratocytes. In normal keratocytes the lysosomes are mostly grouped around one or both nucleus poles. In keratocytes from macular dystrophy of the cornea there is a hypertrophy of the lysosomal system, which in vain tends to compensate for the consequences of the enzymatic deficiency. PMID- 60300 TI - The dynamics and location of axonal transport blockade by acute intraocular pressure elevation in primate optic nerve. AB - Axonal transport in primate optic nerve axons was studied by autoradiography, scintillation counting, and electron microscopy under conditions of short-term intraocular pressure elevation. With elevation of intraocular pressure to 30 mm. Hg below mean arterial blood pressure, blockage of transport was detected within 2 hours by autoradiography and within 1 hour by electron microscopy. The earliest buildup of radioactively labeled protein and ultrastructurally visible cellular organelles was within the scleral lamina cribrosa. The degree of blockage, judged by amount of label buildup, increased with time. Some transported material traversed the lamina cribrosa despite pressure elevation at the level tested. Reversal of transport blockade occurred rapidly after normalization of intraocular pressure. PMID- 60301 TI - Chromosomal studies of human prostatic tumors in vitro. AB - Chromosomal studies were performed on primary cultures from human prostatic adenomas and carcinomas. All cells from both tumor types showed diploid chromosomal counts with a normal human karyotype. Chromosomal analysis was also performed on cells of the permanent epithelial line EB 33 derived from a human prostatic carcinoma in this laboratory. In contrast to the primary cultures, hypotriploid chromosome numbers were found during continuous culture for more than 1 year. The range of chromosome numbers increased with time in culture and was reduced to the original model number of 64 by only one animal passage ("nude" mice). Feulgen fluorometry on different passages of the permanent cell line EB 33 showed tetraploidy. This discrepancy to the hypotriploid chromosome number can be explained by different Feulgen hydrolytic properties of the different cell types. PMID- 60302 TI - Effect of candicidin and colestipol on the testes and prostate glands of BIO 87.20 hamsters. AB - The oral treatment of groups of aged BIO 87.20 male hamsters, an inbred line of Syrian hamsters that develops spontaneous cystic prostatic hypertrophy, with either the heptaene macrolide, candicidin, or the bile acid-sequestering anion exchange resin, colestipol, resulted in a significant reduction of prostate size and weight. The effect was most prominent in the high dosage (75 mg per kg per day) candicidin group and moderate in the high dosage (400 mg per kg per day) colestipol group. It was observed microscopically that the extreme dilation of the prostatic acini of the untreated control prostate glands was partially prevented by the treatment, resulting in much less distended prostatic acini. Concomitantly, there was a notable decrease of the total cholesterol content of the entire prostate gland and the plasma of the high dosage candicidin group. The relationship of certain aspects of sterol metabolism and the possible prevention of cystic prostatic hypertrophy in this new experimental animal disease model is discussed. The effect of these drugs on the nutritional state of the animal and on the synthesis and metabolism of androgens from the testis are questions that remain to be answered. PMID- 60303 TI - Defective cell-mediated immunity in carcinoma of the prostate. AB - Cell-mediated immunity was assayed in 18 patients with a histologic diagnosis of carcinoma of the prostate and in 10 control patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy. In vivo cell-mediated response was assayed by intradermal skin testing to a battery of five delayed hypersensitivity antigens. In vitro cell mediated immunity was studied by lymphocyte transformation using both heterologous and autologous "serums" and nonimmune rosette formation. Lymphocyte transformation studies were carried out using both specific antigens (Dermatophyton and streptokinase-streptodornase) and a nonspecific mitogen (phytohemagglutinin). Nonimmune rosette formation was performed under numerous temperature ranges. A defect in cell-mediated immunity was found in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. Skin tests demonstrated a significantly increased incidence of energy in cancer patients. Mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation was significantly depressed when autologous serum from patients with carcinoma of the prostate was utilized in the procedure. It is concluded that defect in cell mediated immunity does exist in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. This defect is expressed in vivo and in vitro and seems to be mediated by a serum factor. PMID- 60304 TI - In vitro cultivation of prostatic epithelium. AB - A tissue culture procedure for in vitro cultivation of human prostatic tissue that utilizes the enzyme collagenase to disrupt the prostate specimen is described. Collagenase effectively disperses the tissue stroma into single cells which are easily separated from the largely intact glandular structures. The isolated glandular fragments then are used to initiate monolayers of prostatic epithelium in vitro. PMID- 60305 TI - Fluorogenic substrate turnover in single living cells. AB - Intracellular diffusion properties and enzyme activities in single living cells can be analysed by means of fluorogenic substrates that diffuse into the cells where they are converted into a fluorescent product by an enzymic reaction. The reaction-kinetic analysis of this process as a system of consecutive reactions provides information on the diffusion of the substrate into the cells, on intracellular enzyme activities and on the efflux of the fluorescent product. Separation of diffusion and enzyme-mediated processes is obtained by inducing specific changes of the cellular membrane using gramicidin D. A model for the functional interpretation of the experimental findings is proposed. Application of this method as a viability test for freshly prepared and frozen platelets is discussed. PMID- 60306 TI - Cytochemical localization of transport adenosine triphosphatase in the ferret placenta. AB - The distribution of transport adenosine triphosphatase in the ferret placenta was examined cytochemically by light and electron microscopy. The enzyme was detected in the syncytiotrophoblast but was absent from maternal tissues. It appeared to be associated with cytoplasmic processses on syncytiotrophoblast surfaces directly related to foetal or maternal capillaries. The functional significance of transport adenosine triphosphatase is discussed with reference to the transport of solutes between the maternal and foetal circulation across the trophoblast layer. PMID- 60307 TI - What do you think you are quantifying? An appraisal of histochemical methods in the measurements of the activities of lysosomal enzymes. AB - The effect of a standard method of fixation (formalin-calcium 24 hr at 4 degrees C, followed by washing in gum-sucrose) on the activity of three lysosomal enzymes (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, acid phosphatase, beta-D-galactosidase) in the liver of three species (human, rabbit, lamb) was studied by biochemical methods, and the results were compared with staining intensities in histochemical preparations of the same tissues. The following conclusions were reached: (1) Fixation by formaldehyde changes the characteristics of the enzymes and makes comparisons between biochemistry and histochemistry difficult to interpret; (2) The intensity of staining in fixed or unfixed tissue sections bears no relation to absolute levels of enzyme activity; (3) Changes in staining intensity of a particular enzyme activity in a particular organ of a particular species prepared in a particular way are significant. Quantifying these changes is useful, as long as absolute values are not considered, and it is realized that it is only the difference that is being quantified. PMID- 60308 TI - Quantification of changes in enzyme activity induced by drug action. PMID- 60309 TI - The quantification of formazans in tissue sections by microdensitometry. I. The use of neotetrazolium chloride. AB - This article describes the use of a microdensitometer for the measurement of formazan deposits in tissue sections. Some examples are given to illustrate the various applications of this technique in the assessment of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. These are (I) the separate measurement of the red half formazan intermediate and purple diformazan of neotetrazolium, and the effect of incubation time on their production, (2) the measurement of activities in different regions of the liver lobule, and the selective effect of phenobarbitone, and (3) the measurement of enzyme activity in individual cartilage cells in normal and osteoarthrosis-prone animals. All activities can be expressed in absolute units as nmol hydrogen/mm3/hr, and thus compared with standard biochemical data. The activities obtained all fall within the range of published values for biochemical systems. PMID- 60310 TI - A model of the breakdown and removal of the chromatin components during Feulgen acid hydrolysis. AB - A stochastic model of Feulgen hydrolysis is proposed. The model, constructed so as to embody the main features of chromatin structure, is simple enough to allow the calculation of extraction rates. Extraction rate curves generated by the model are compared with experimental curves obtained under various conditions (different fixatives and hydrolysis solutions). A good correspondence is found between the experiments and the predictions of the model. PMID- 60311 TI - The composition of stains produced by the oxidation of Methylene Blue. AB - The composition of some stains produced by the oxidation of Methylene Blue has been studied by thin-layer chromatography. Various named methods for the production of Polychrome Methylene Blue, Azure A, Azure B, Azure C and Methylene Violet Bernthsen have been found to give complex mixtures of varying proportions of up to eleven dyes. Ten of these, namely Methylene Blue, Azure B, Azure A, sym Dimethylthionine, Azure C, Thionine, Methylene Violet Bernthsen, Methyl Thionoline, Thionoline and Thionol, have been identified by their visible absorption spectra. The remaining dye could not be identified. When used on a laboratory scale, these methods give stains of constant composition independent of the batch of Methylene Blue. Stain composition as revealed in the present study has been compared with that previously indicated by other, less effective, analytical techniques. Reasons are presented why the latter give equivocal results. PMID- 60312 TI - Factors affecting the estimation of the relative amount of chromophore and chromophore area by the two-wavelength method of Patau and Ornstein. AB - Factors influencing the calculation of the relative amount of chromophore and the chromophore area by the two-wavelength method are examined. The study was carried out with the help of models and further tested on Feulgen stained preparations. Except for certain restrictions the difference between the chromophore area as calculated from the two transmissions measurements and the chromophore area obtained by planimetry can be used as a guide for determining the proper measuring conditions, including the choise of the two wavelengths. PMID- 60313 TI - Distribution and properties of an adenosine triphosphatase in the tanycyte ependyma of the IIIrd ventricle of the rat. AB - The distribution, histochemical properties and ultrastructural localization of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolyzing enzymes in the tanycyte ependyma of the third ventricle have been studied in female Wistar rats. Using a calcium-cobalt procedure and a lead capture technique, splitting of ATP could be demonstrated in perikarya and processes of tanycytes in the region of the ventromedial nucleus. The reaction showed no dependence on magnesium or sodium ions, did not occur with other monodi-, and tri-phosphates as substrates, and was inhibited by p chlormercuribenzoate (PCMB) and sodium fluoride, but not by ouabain. With the calcium-cobalt method the highest intensity of reaction was found at pH 9.4, whereas the lead method gave optimal results at pH 6--8. At the ultrastructural level, the reaction product was found at the outer surface of the plasma membranes of tanycytes and reached its highest concentrations in the region of the region of the apical microvilli; From the findings it is concluded that splitting of ATP in tanycytes is due to a true ATPase. The enzyme might be involved in an active transport of substances by tanycytes. PMID- 60314 TI - Concanavalin A-perioxidase-diaminobenzidine (Con-A-PO-DAB)-alcian blue (AB): a reliable method for dual staining of complex carbohydrates. AB - A method has been established for the dual staining of complex carbohydrates in light microscopy. It is a combined concanavalin A-peroxidase-diaminobenzidine (Con-A-PO-DAB)-alcian blue (AB) (pH 2.5) method, and with this method it is possible to color alpha-D-glucosyl and alpha-D-mannosyl residues and acidic groupings of complex carbohydrates in tissues brown and blue respectively. Histochemical experiments using histological sections with reactive complex carbohydrates and casein films containing carbohydrates of known chemical structure have substantiated the validity of the above significance of the dual staining. Thus, the present dual staining method is a reliable one and a new addition to a series of dual staining techniques hitherto employed in the light microscopic histochemistry of complex carbohydrates. PMID- 60315 TI - Ultrahistochemical study on the ruthenium red surface staining. I. Processes which give rise to electron-dense marker. AB - The cell coat picture effect which is usually obtained with the conventional RR method, that is with the RR/OsO4 coupled reaction, is investigated. In this first paper, each of conceivable events which might take place between RR, OSO4 and cell surface membrane is discussed or studied. Various tests are carried out on ascites Ehrlich carcinoma cells and Zajdela ascites hepatoma cells treated with numerous chemical reagents, as also on a few pure proteins. The set of data supports the concept that the staining pattern is due to the combination in surface membranes of RR with a "colloidal-like" form of OsO2. The latter might occur during the formation of stable cyclic osmic acid diesters between OsO4 and membrane unsaturated lipids. A possibility by which the resulting marker is though also to be in a "colloidal-like" state is put forward. A next report will deal with this problem. PMID- 60316 TI - Ultrahistochemical study on the ruthenium red surface staining. II. Nature and affinity of the electron dense marker. AB - The electron-dense marker which is thought to produce the ruthenium red surface staining is studied. This stain is prepared under conditions which should give its rise in cell surface membrane, and its nature and charge are tested electrophoretically and by measuring the turbidity, respectively. It is a positive colloid resulting from the recharging of colloidal osmium dioxide by RR polycations. Controls on the affinity are carried out by applying positive sol to gelled agarose sections containing hyaluronic acid, polyvinyl sulfate or polylysine. Controls are also carried out on ascites Ehrlich carcinoma and Zajdela ascites hepatoma cells subjected to prior enzymatic and chemical treatments. It is found that the osmium-RR system visualizes all acidic groups in the outer hydrophilic leaflet, that is the greater part of compounds in this external cell layer. A model is presented for the mechanism underlying its rise in cell surface membrane. PMID- 60317 TI - An evaluation of some complexing methods for the histochemistry of calcium. AB - A selection of reagents capable of complexing with calcium in various ways was compared by applying them to tissue sections known to contain calcium in a variety of physiochemical states. Their histochemical potential was evaluated according to their sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of localisation and intensity of staining. Murexide, for light microscopy, and 8-hydroxyquinoline, for fluorescence microscopy proved to be the best overall reagents. They failed to demonstrate calcium oxalate, which was well shown by naphthalhydroxamic acid. PMID- 60318 TI - Conclusions about aminopeptidase in tissue sections from studies of amino acid naphthylamide hydrolysis. AB - Catalytic properties (KM, Vmax) of aminopeptidase in pig kidney sections, in isolated membranes and in a solubilized purified form were investigated using amino acid 2-naphthylamides and 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamides. In the first case these properties were estimated on the basis of the stain intensity resulting from the coupling of product with Fast Blue B, in the latter two cases they were measured fluorometrically. The following observations were made: (1) In all three cases the substrate turnover was shown to be a direct function of time and enzyme concentration. (2) The values obtained for the solubilized and the membrane bound form were practically identical but differed from those found in tissue sections. (3) Each amino acid derivative had defined constants, but these were difficult to obtain in sections, especially if it was necessary, on account of poor solubilities, to use low substrate concentrations. (4) Hydrophilic amino acid derivatives were adsorbed to tissue membranes much less than hydrophobic ones. (5) Fast Blue B caused a non-competitive inhibition of enzymic activity. (6) Binding of antibody against pure aminopeptidase caused inhibition of the enzymic hydrolysis of all the naphthylamides. Thus, histochemical stain intensities per time and area derived from one substrate at a defined concentration are suitable for the determination of enzyme concentrations. However, no conclusions regarding the homogeneity of the enzyme in sections can be drawn by comparing the stain intensities obtained with different substrates in contrast to data from the inhibition of substrate hydrolysis by antibody. PMID- 60319 TI - [Azoindoxyl methods for the histochemical investigation of hydrolases. I. Lactase (lactase-beta-glucosidase complex) (author's transl)]. AB - An azoindozyl method for the histochemical demonstration of lactase (lactase-beta glucosidase complex) is described. The incubation medium consists of 5 mg 5-Br-4 Cl-3-indolyl-beta-D-fucoside (dissolved in 0.5 ml N,N-dimethylformamide) and 0.02 ml hexazotized prosaniline in 10 ml 0.1 M citric acid phosphate buffer, pH 6-6.5. By means of this method lactase can be exactly localized in the brush border of the enterozytes in the jejunum of suckling rats. Compared to the corresponding indigogenic method the azoindoxyl reaction proceeds faster and the reaction product is often precipitated more precisely. PMID- 60320 TI - Aldehyde-fuchsin staining of antral endocrine cells. AB - Correlative studies have been made to identify the endocrine cells stained by Aldehyde-Fuchsin (AF) in the cat and human antral mucosa. D-cells weakly stained by AF after oxidation: this staining might be related to the disulphide group present in the molecule of Somatostatin (the hypothalamic hormone recently localized in D-cells). The gastrin-producing G-cells were on the contrary strongly stained (without oxidation) in tissues fixed in Helly-fluid. Histochemical investigations on the mechanism of such staining lead to the conclusion that it might be related to affinity of the stain for hidden acidic groups. PMID- 60321 TI - An alcohol-soluble Schiff's reagent: a histochemical application of the complex between Schiff's reagent and phosphotungstic acid. AB - A schedule for staining partially hydrated PAS-positive structures using non aqueous solutions has been devised. Tissues are dewaxed, taken down to 70% alcohol, oxidised for 10 min in a 1% w/v alcoholic solution of periodic acid, treated with an alcoholic solution of phosphotungstic acid-Schiff reagent complex (PTA-Schiff reagent) for 25 min, washed in alcohol, cleared in xylene and mounted in a synthetic medium. The PTA-Schiff reagent complex prepared from de Tomasi Schiff reagent by precipitation with PTA may be stored in the deep freeze for many months and dissolved freshly in alcohol for use. The PTA-Schiff reagent used as above allows staining of highly water soluble materials such as dextran. From blocking and digestion studies the mode of action seems similar to de Tomasi Schiff reagent. The partial hydration of the tissues prior to reaction was found to be essential for effective staining. PMID- 60322 TI - Polarization microscopic evidence for an oriented cytoplasmic structure in the "dark" variants of adrenalin-storing cells. AB - A diffuse cytoplasmic birefringence confined to "dark" adrenalinstoring cells has been described. The main optical characteristics of the birefringence factor include: regular orientation of birefringence relative to the base-apex axis of cells; additive anisotropic staining with methods based on the principle of topo optical staining reactions; dependence of birefringence on labile morphologic properties. On the basis of the capacity of the macromolecular matrix of chromaffin granules to form lamellar liposomal structures in vitro it has been proposed that a reorientation of molecular organization in the matrix of chromaffin cells is responsible for the observed optical phenomenon. The direction of birefringence was explained by a preferential direction of contractile forces acting during "dark" cell formation. PMID- 60323 TI - Cytochemical evaluation of the Guard procedure a regressive staining method for demonstrating chromosomal basic proteins. I. Effects of fixation, blocking reactions, selective extractions, and polyacid "differentiation". AB - Appropriately fixed preparations stained by a modification of the Guard (1959) reaction for "sex chromatin" display selective staining of interphase chromatin and mitotic or meiotic chromosomes. This is a regressive staining method which seems to depend on the selective displacement of an acidic dye from less basic structures, and retention of the dye at more basic sites. The results obtained with the reaction can be controlled by the length of time that the preparations are "differentiated" in solutions containing phosphomolybdic and phosphotungstic acids (polyacids). After three- or four-hour exposures to polyacid solutions, all chromatin is stained. However, with longer differentiation, "condensed" chromatin can be stained preferentially. Of a number of fixatives investigated, only 10% formalin, ethanol-acetic acid (3:1), and Bouin's solution proved useful. Others resulted in diminished specificity or a total loss of selectivity. The most intense staining was obtained after formalin fixation. Less intense dyebinding was observed after fixation in 3:1 - probably due to extraction of some histone fractions-and the least amount of dye was bound in Bouin's-fixed chromatin - probably due to blockage of arginine residues by picric acid. The reaction was not affected by enzymatic removal of nucleic acids or the extraction of lipids. It was diminished by treatment with trypsin or weak acetylation, and it was completely prevented by strong acetylation, deamination, or extraction of basic proteins with HCl. The results presented suggest that the modified Guard (1959) procedure selectively demonstrates basic nucleoproteins. Further, by the use of regressive differentiation in polyacid solutions, the retention of dye in more condensed chromatin can be favored. PMID- 60324 TI - Cytochemical characterization of the modified Guard procedure a regressive staining method for demonstrating chromosomal basic proteins. II. Substitution of dyes for biebrich scarlet. AB - A number of acidic dyes, including various fluorochromes, were substituted for biebrich scarlet in the modified Guard (1959) procedure, a regressive staining method which appears to demonstrate basic chromosomal proteins. These substitutions were made to test the possibility that dyes other than biebrich scarlet might provide advantages in sensitivity and/or contrast, or that more control could be exerted over the "differentiation" step in which solutions of phosphotungstic and phosphomolybdic acids (polyacids) are used. Of the dyes tested in this investigation, six were found to be especially suitable: procion brilliant blue, procion yellow, geranine G, brilliant sulfoflavine, eosin Y, and eosin B. While procion brilliant blue could be used as an absorption dye only, the other dyes were used more profitably as fluorochromes. The various dyes displayed considerable variability in the ease with which they could be displaced from substrates with polyacid solutions during the differentiation step. Procion brilliant blue, procion yellow, and geranine G were displaced gradually and thus resembled biebrich scarlet. In contrast, eosin B, eosin Y, and brilliant sulfoflavine were displaced more easily from all but the most highly condensed chromatin in substrates. Brilliant sulfoflavine yeilded exceptionally bright and nearly selective fluorescence of consensed chromosomes in division, "X" chromosomes of grasshopper spermatocytes, and sperm heads. Weak, but selective fluorescence was observed when monazo sulfonated dyes, including ponta chrome violet SW, eriochrome black, diamond red, and ponta chrome blue black, were substituted in the modified Guard procedure. Similar results were obtained with solochrome cyanin R. As expected, these dyes seemed to function as weakly acidic dyes. PMID- 60326 TI - [Results of bleomycin therapy in recurrent head and neck tumors (author's transl)]. AB - 40 patients with previously treated recurrent head and neck carcinomas have been treated with Bleomycin. The total dose of drug administered ranged from 360-600 mg. In three patients, treatment had to be interrupted because of severe side effects of the drug. Temporary complete disappearance of tumor occurred in three patients, whereas incomplete tumor regression briefly occurred in one third of those patients treated. Survival time for all patients averaged three months. A possible immunosuppressive effect of Bleomycin is also discussed, as based on clinical observations noted in one of the patients treated. PMID- 60325 TI - [On the endogenous peroxidase in the spleen of swine (author's transl)]. AB - We studied the distribution of endogenous peroxidase in the spleen of swine by modifications of the Graham and Karnovsky diaminobenzidine procedure. There is a peroxidatic activity in the majority of the ellipsoid cells (cells of the sheathed capillaries of Schweigger-Seidel), which is localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and the perinuclear cisterna. This staining is inhibited completely by aminotriazole and is rapidly destroyed even by low concentratoins of glutaraldehyde. Furthermore, the reaction is abolished after boiling of tissue sections or in the absence of H2O2. The macrophages of the red pulp and a minority of the ellipsoid cells are peroxidase negative. Our results are discussed in respect to some recent studies on the system of mononuclear phagocytes. It is suggested, that the enzyme active ellipsoid cells represent a special form of macrophages, enzyme histochemically related to Kupffer cells and resident peritoneal macrophages. The enzyme negative cells of the ellipsoids are probably fibroblasts. PMID- 60327 TI - Noninfectious canine arthritis: the inflammatory, nonerosive arthritides. AB - Noninfectious, nonerosive arthritis was seen as an important manifestation of a number of chronic systemic diseases of the dog. Sixty-three dogs with this type of arthritis were seen at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital during an 18 month period between 1973 and 1975. Of these dogs, 29 had systemic lupus erythematosus, 15 had arthritis in association with some chronic infectious disease process, and 19 had a similar type of arthritis, but without serologic evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus or any chronic infectious disease process. PMID- 60328 TI - Antibiotics derived from a mutant of Bacillus circulans. AB - A mutant of Bacillus circulans, which produces butirosins only when 2 deoxystreptamine is added to the fermentation medium, was employed in the biosynthesis of antibiotics containing modified aminocyclitols. The blocked mutant converted 2,5-dideoxystreptamine into 5-deoxybutirosamine. Streptamine was incorporated into a complex differing from butirosin by an additional hydroryl at C-2. PMID- 60329 TI - Chemistry of bleomycin. XV absolute configuration of beta-amino-beta-(4-amino-6 carboxy-5-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)-propionic acid, an amine component of bleomycin. PMID- 60330 TI - Presence of rfe genes in Escherichia coli: their participation in biosynthesis of O antigen and enterobacterial common antigen. AB - In Salmonella, ilv-linked rfe genes participate in the biosynthesis of the enterobacterial common antigen (CA) as well as of certain types of O antigen (serogroups C1 and L). rff genes, probably in the same cluster with rfe, are required for CA synthesis (P.H. Makela et al., in preparation). Several Escherichia coli strains were studied to determine whether they also have rfe-rff genes that are involved in the synthesis of O antigen and CA, or of CA only. In a first approach, E, coli K-12 F-prime factors carrying the genes ilv and argH or argE and presumably rfe-rff genes were introduced into CA-negative Salmonella mutants that are blocked in CA synthesis because of mutated rfe or rff genes. All resulting ilv+ hybrids were CA positive. In recipients with group C1-derived rfb genes, the synthesis of O6,7-specific antigen was also restored. This result shows that E. coli K-12 has rfe and rff genes providing the functions required in the synthesis of CA and Salmonella 6,7-specific polysaccharide. By introduction of defective rfe regions from suitable Salmonella donors into E. coli O8, 09, and O100 strains, the synthesis of CA as well as of the O-specific polysaccharides was blocked. This indicates that in the E. coli strains tested the rfe genes are involved in the synthesis of both O antigen and CA. This suggestion was confirmed by the finding of E. coli rough mutants that had simultaneously become CA negative. In transduction experiments it could be shown that the appearance of the rough and CA- phenotype was due to a defect in the ilv-linked rfe region. PMID- 60331 TI - Purification and properties of two deoxyribonucleases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - A survey of the major deoxyribonucleases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO was undertaken. Two activities predominated in Brij-58 lysates of this organism. These have been purified from contaminating nuclease activities, and some of their properties have been elucidated. The first was a nuclease that degraded heat-denatured deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to mono- and dinucleotides. The activity of this enzyme was confined to single-stranded DNA, and 100% of the substrate was hydrolyzed to acid-soluble material. The Mg2+ optimum is low (1 to 3mM), and the molecular weight is 6 X 10(4). The second predominant activity was an adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP)-dependent deoxyribonuclease. This enzyme had an absolute dependence on the presence of ATP Mg2+ concentrations of approximately 10 mM. Five moles of ATP was consumed for each mole of phosphodiester bonds cleaved. The acid-soluble products of the reaction consisted of short oligonucleotides from one to six bases in length. Only 50% of the double stranded DNA was rendered acid soluble in a limit digest. The molecular weight of this enzyme is 3 X 10(5). The observation of these enzymes in P. aeruginosa is consistent with the possibility that recombinational pathways similar to those of Escherichia coli are operating in this organism. PMID- 60332 TI - Strain-specific variation in the protein and lipopolysaccharide composition of the group B meningococcal outer membrane. AB - Variation in the protein and lipopolysaccharide composition of the meningococcal outer membrane may be due to either serotype differences or to changes in cultural conditions. There are 12 antigenically distinct serotypes of group B meningococci, and these are associated with distinct major outer membrane protein patterns on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. In most strains the predominant outer membrane protein carries the serotype-specific determinant. Certain strains, when grown under similar conditions in different media showed an altered membrane composition. The type 2 strain, M986, grown in modified Frantz medium-A, had a reduced amount of the major 41,000-dalton protein while a 28,000 dalton protein predominated. The altered protein composition may be related to changes in cell metabolism as reflected by the pH of the medium after growth. Growth of the organism in Frantz medium-B caused a negligible drop in pH and the 41,000-dalton protein remained predominant. There was also variation associated with changes in the growth rate. Increasing the aeration caused a concomitant increase in growth rate and cell yield. We observed two quantitative changes in outer membrane proteins in four of seven strains examined: (i) where only a single major protein changed (three strains), and (ii) where an increase in one protein component was associated with a decrease in another protein (one strain). When the strains were grown in tryptic soy broth (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.) with either high or low aeration, the total protein in the outer membrane remained constant. In contrast, with high aeration there was a significant increase in lipopolysaccharide. These studies suggest that the cell surface proteins may be altered by the organism to meet a variety of environmental conditions. PMID- 60333 TI - Effects of phenethyl alcohol on Bacillus and Streptococcus. AB - The activity of phenethyl alcohol (PEA) on Bacillus cereus, B. megaterium, and Streptococcus faecalis was studied by electron microscopy of thin sections and by the assay of intracellular K+ leakage. S. faecalis was unaffected by PEA at concentrations up to 0.5%, B. cereus was severely damaged by 0.5% PEA, and B. megaterium behaved intermediately. Important membrane ultrastructural alterations were observed in B. cereus cells treated with 0.5% PEA, namely the change in the geometry of the membrane profile from asymmetric to symmetric, the occurrence of prominent, complex mesosome-like structures, and membrane fracturing and solubilization. Protoplasts from B. megaterium were found to be quickly lysed by 0.5% PEA due to the disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane. The electron microscopic observations, together with the results of the study of the K+ efflux from B. cereus and B. megaterium, indicate that PEA primarily and directly damages the cytoplasmic membrane of sensitive bacteria. The breakdown of the permeability barrier probably is responsible for the observed bactericidal action of 0.5% PEA on B. cereus. PMID- 60334 TI - Reconstruction of intact gamma-globulin from S-sulfonated gamma-globulin in vivo. AB - The conversion of the S-surfonate group in a peptide to a disulfide bond has been observed in vitro. This paper reports that the conversion of this group in human S-sulfonated gamma-globulin (S-GG) appeared to occur in vivo judging from the change in molecular weight of S-GG observed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and the restoration of hemolytic activity. PMID- 60335 TI - Cost-based pricing for biocommunications departments. PMID- 60336 TI - Living together. PMID- 60337 TI - A statewide biomedical communications network for South Carolina. AB - In 1972, the Medical University of South Carolina was awarded a contract to establish 4 Area Health Education Centers in South Carolina. These centers, based in community hospitals, provide residency programs, clinical instruction for students, and continuing education programs for health professionals. In late 1974, contractual agreements between the Medical University of South Carolina's Library/Learning Resource Center and the Area Health Education Centers were negotiated to provide book and nonbook learning materials to all health practitioners in South Carolina. The history and the functions of the resulting network and evaluation of audiovisual and self-instructional learning materials procured and distributed by the network are described. PMID- 60338 TI - [Acid mucopolysaccharide detection on ultra-thin sections by alcian blue in dental tissues embedded in Epon]. AB - Ultra-thin sections of dental tissues, fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide, embedded without previous demineralization in Epon, were contrasted the grids with an alcian blue solution after previous oxidation periodic acid or hydrogen peroxide. Correlations with histochemical results obtained with the optical microscope, other results obtained with ruthenium red and phosphotungstic acid and controls made after enzymatic digestion with chondroitinase AC suggest that this technique is specific for the detection of acid mucopolysaccharides in those calcified tissues studied. PMID- 60339 TI - Rapid purification of detergent-solubilized HLA antigen by affinity chromatography employing anti-beta2-microglobulin serum. PMID- 60340 TI - Effect of some progestational steroids on lactation in Egyptian women. I. Milk yield during the first year of lactation. PMID- 60341 TI - Effect of some progestational steroids on lactation in Egyptian women. II. Chemical composition of milk during the first year of lactation. PMID- 60342 TI - Lipid vesicle-cell interactions. III. Introduction of a new antigenic determinant into erythrocyte membranes. AB - The introduction of a new antigenic determinant, 2,4-dinitrophenyl-aminocaproyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DNP-Cap-PE), into the surface membranes of intact human erythrocytes is described. Fresh cells were incubated in the presence of liposomes composed of 10% DNP-Cap-PE, 5% stearylamine, 20% lysolecithin, and 65% lecithin. Such liposome-treated erythrocytes are shown to be susceptible to immune lysis by anti-DNP serum in the presence of complement. Uptake of DNP-Cap PE by erythrocyte membranes is also demonstrated by immunofluorescence using indirect staining with rabbit anti-DNP serum followed by fluroescein-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG and by electron microscopy using ferritin-conjugated antibody. Antigen uptake did not occur at low temperatures or from vesicles lacking lysolecithin and stearylamine. Fluorescence microscopy shows that the antigen-antibody complexes are free to diffuse over the cell surface, eventually coalescing into a single area on the cell membrane. Electron microscopy suggests that a substantial proportion of the lipid antigen is incorporated by fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane. There are indications that vesicle treatment causes a small proportion of cells to invaginate. PMID- 60343 TI - Mobility restriction in vivo of the heavy ribosomal subunit in a secretory cell. AB - Analysis in insect (Chironomus tentans) salivary gland cells of labeled RNA as a function of time after precursor injection and its distance to the nuclear membrane, cytoplasmic zone analysis, could previously be used to demonstrate the presence of short-lasting gradients in newly labeled ribosomal RNA. Since the gradients were sensitive to puromycin, they are likely to be a result of diffusion restriction due to an engagement of the subunits into polysomes. In the present paper the possibility was explored of recording gradients that were caused by labeled subunits in puromycin-resistant associations, which, in all probability, involve the endoplasmic reticulum. It was found that labeled 28 S and 5 S RNA but not 18 S RNA were present in radioactivity gradients lasting for at least 2 days but less than 6 days. The gradients also remained during inhibition of RNA synthesis by actinomycin, and they were completely resistant to puromycin whether given in vivo or in vitro. The semipermanent gradients formed fhere offer a unique parameter for the in vivo study of conditions for formation and maintenance of heavy subunits in puromycin-resistant bonds. An explanation for these and previous results is that the light subunit, although restricted in movement by engagement to polysomes, is nevertheless free to exchange and spread between rounds of translation, whereas at least part of the heavy subunit population is bound to the endoplasmic reticulum and less free to spread. These results offer a good in vivo correlate to previous results on in vitro exchangeability of subunits. PMID- 60344 TI - [Sarcomas of the gallbladder]. AB - The authors report two recent personal cases including one explored by retrograde cholangiography and discuss the main clinical, pathological characteristics of this rare disease. They emphasize the severity of the course which does not usually last more than a few weeks after the onset of the first signs. PMID- 60345 TI - [Surgical Forum 1975. Statement of certain experimental works presented at the Surgical Forum 1975 (San francisco)]. PMID- 60346 TI - Familial partial target organ resistance to thyroid hormones. AB - A 30-year old woman with a history of recurrent goiter, who had undergone two partial thyroidectomies, is described. She presented with tachycardia, nervousness and a fine tremor of the fingers. Initially, she had normal serum thyroid hormone levels: thyroxine (T4 (D)) 11.6 MUG/100 ML, TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3) 138 ng/100ml, normal levels of binding proteins and a very high serum thyrotropin (TSH), 98 muU/ml. During follow-up T4 (D) increased to 17.2 mug/100 ml, T3 increased to 277 ng/100 ml, while TSH decreased to 11 muU/ml. There was an exaggerated response of TSH to a peak value of 550 muU/ml after intravenous administration of 200 mug thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Administration of 60 mg prednisolone daily resulted in a blunting of the response to TRH. Administration of 50 mug T3 daily for 1 month resulted in a fall in serum TSH from 98 to 50 muU/ml. Later, when the serum TSH level had fallen spontaneously to 20 muU/ml, administration of 100 mug T3 daily for two weeks resulted in a fall in serum TSH to 5.3 muU/ml. Treatment with 20 mg carbimazole daily for 3 weeks resulted in a decrease in serum T4 levels with a concomitant increase of serum TSH. There was no evidence of pituitary enlargement and other pituitary hormone levels were normal. All the relatives studied (father, sister, three children) had elevated T4 levels with normal basal TSH values. It is concluded from this study that our patient presents evidence of partial resistance to thyroid hormones. PMID- 60347 TI - Comparison of androgen metabolites in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and normal prostate. AB - 5 alpha-Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and androstanediols (diols) have been measured in human prostate tissue. DHT levels in surgical specimens of prostate from 8 patients with BPH averaged 5.6 +/- 0.93 S.E. ng/g and were significantly greater than (P less than 0.01) values of 2.1 +/- 0.32 S.E. ng/g in 6 normal prostates obtained post-mortem from males less than 50 yrs old. Androstanediols averaged 2.3 +/- 0.35 S.E. ng/g in the BPH specimens compared to values of 10.2 +/- 2.4 S.E. ng/g in the normal prostates (P less than 0.01). This significantly higher (P less than 0.001) ratio of diols/DHT in the normal (5.1 +/- 0.93 S.E.) compared to the BPH prostate (0.45 +/- 0.08 S.E.) suggests that a decrease in 3 hydroxysteroid oxido-reductase, which converts DHT to diol, may be an important clue to the pathogenesis of BPH. PMID- 60348 TI - Isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage specific for Neisseria perflava. AB - Six isolates from normal throat samples have been shown to contain phage active against Neisseria perflava. The phage isolates were similar in terms of host range, latent period, burst size, antigenic properties, morphology, and nucleic acid content. Neutralization studies with antisera demonstrated that the isolates exhibited a very high degree of serological relatedness. These results taken together suggested that the isolates represented a single strain of bacteriophage. This phage, which we have designated NP-1, exhibited a high degree of host specificity, attacking only one of the several strains of N. perflava tested and none of the other species tested. One-step growth experiments yielded minimum latent periods of approximately 35 min; average burst sizes varied from 34 to 63 plaque-forming units per cell. Electron micrographs revealed particles with heads averaging 75 nm in diameter and tails averaging 300 nm in length and 18 nm in diameter. The phage contained double-stranded DNA with a guanine plus cytosine content of 38%. PMID- 60349 TI - Section preparation of human marrow for light microscopy. AB - Preparation of human marrow sections has been studied systematically in order to facilitate accurate identification of marrow cells. Both of the methods developed involve embedding marrow cores in methyl methacrylate. In one, acrolein fixation is followed by staining of deplasticized sections with eosine-y followed by azure II; in the other, neutrophilic forms are identified by their esterase-specific reactivity in marrow fixed with neutral-buffered formalin. These preparations are suitable for quantitative studies of marrow cellularity. PMID- 60350 TI - Drug treatment of hypertension. PMID- 60351 TI - Drug interactions and lethal drug combinations. PMID- 60352 TI - Effect of orally administered duodenal fluid susceptibility of newborn calves to an Escherichia coli challenge. AB - This study was to determine if duodenal contents inoculated orally could alter symptomatic diarrhea produced by Escherichia coli [09:K(A)] in neonatal calves. Inoculum was obtained 2 h postprandially from duodenal-cannulated milk-fed calves. Thirty Holstein bull calves obtained within 3 h of birth were assigned alternately to a 3 X 2 factorial experiment. Calves received either 1) no E. coli challenge, 2) challenge at 12 h, or 3) challenge at 24 h each with or without 200 ml duodenal fluid orally with the first feeding of colostrum. Rectal temperature, urine output, milk intake, and fecal dry matter were recorded daily, and body weight and hematocrit every 3rd day for 1 wk. Gamma globulin of serum was determined at 2 h of age. Inocula and duodenal tissue and fluid of the last 12 calves were assayed for total anaerobic bacterica, anaerobic and aerobic lactobacilli, coliforms, and total aerobic bacteria. Inoculated calves exhibited lower incidence of diarrhea, greater urine output, lower hematocrit, and superior average daily gain as compared to uninoculated calves. Concentration of gamma globulin in serum of inoculated calves was subnormal. Bacterial populations of tissue and fluid at 7 days were not influenced by treatment. PMID- 60353 TI - Electrochemical reduction and anaerobic degradation of lindane. PMID- 60354 TI - An audio-tutorial aid for dietary instruction in renal dialysis. AB - Four 10-min, color, video-tape cassettes, which include graphics, cartoon characters with dialogue, and live demonstrations, were developed to improve dietary adherence by patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis. The format of the tapes was directed primarily to the needs of educationally deprived patients. The tapes were assessed for efficacy following presentation to sixteen randomly selected patients in he University of Tennessee Artificial Kidney Center, Memphis. Highly significant, positive changes were revealed when post-test informational scores were compared with pre-test scores. In the behavioral scores, some positive changes were observed, although further reinforcement would be needed to achieve sufficient application of the information. PMID- 60355 TI - Management of chronic non-rheumatic pain in the elderly. AB - Chronic non-rheumatic pain in the aged should be viewed in the context of physiologic and clinical alterations due to aging which may create diagnostic problems. In the elderly, the abnormality of the clinical presentation and the patient's failure to remember the time and the nature of the precipitating incident may be extremely misleading. Many clinical features may also be altered by the aging process itself. Thus the unwary physician is apt to be mistaken in establishing the etiologic basis for pain syndromes. Once a diagnosis has been achieved, it should be evaluated in the light of other age-related disturbances. Treatment should be as simple as possible. The prescription of combination preparations may involve use of a drug that is beneficial for one disorder but harmful for another. Aged persons display a marked tendency toward abnormal reactions to the usual drug regimens. A wise combination of treatment by medical means (including drugs), physiotherapy, and sometimes surgical procedures, usually is effective for the relief of this type of chronic pain. PMID- 60434 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the localization of neurohypophysial hormones and their carrier proteins. AB - Neurophysin, vasopressin and oxytocin were localized in different portions of the supraopticohypophysial tract (SHT) using the unlabeled antibody enzyme technique at the ultrastructural level. In vasopressin-positive supraoptic perikarya, vasopressin and neurophysin were present in all neurosecretory granules. Within the zona interna of the median eminence, vasopressin and neurophysin were present in two populations of axons, one with granules of 1300-1500 A and one with granules of 900-1300 A. Following exposure of thin sections of median eminence to antiserum to neurophysin, reaction products were present in granules and in the extragranular cytoplasm in the axons with larger granules; in all other cases reaction product was confined to the granules. Vasopressin-positive fibers were also presented in large numbers of the zona externa of the median eminence and many terminated on the pituitary primary portal plexus. A few oxytocin fibers were present on the portal capillaries in the infundibular stalk. In the posterior pituitary all axon profiles were neurophysin positive. Neurophysin was present as both a granular and cytoplasmic pool. Vasopressin-containing axons account for 90% of the neuronal elements in the posterior pituitary and oxytocin for the remaining 10%. Findings on the subcellular distribution of these peptides are related to current theories on transport and release of neurohormones. PMID- 60435 TI - Immunocytochemistry of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones. AB - The storage sites of the pituitary glycoprotein hormones were identified with the use of electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques and antisera to the beta (beta) chains of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The TSH cells in normal rats is ovoid or angular and contains small granules 60-160 nm in diameter. In TSH cells hypertrophied 45 days after thyroidectomy, staining is in globular patches in granules or diffusely distributed in the expanded profiles of dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. The gonadotrophs (FSH and LH cells) exhibited three different morphologies. Type I cells are ovoid with a population of large granules and a population of small granules. Staining for FSHbeta or LHbeta was intense and specific only in the large granules (diameter of 400 nm or greater). Type II cells are angular or stellate and contain numerous secretory granules averaging 200-220 nm in diameter. They predominate during stages in the estrous cycle when FSH or LH secretion is high. Type III cells look like adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) cells in that they are stellate with peripherally arranged granules. They generally stain only with anti-FSHbeta and their staining can not be abolished by the addition of 100 ng ACTH. In preliminary quantitative studies of cycling females, we found that on serial sections FSH cells and LH cells show similar shifts to a more angular population of cells during stages of active secretion. However, the shifts are not in phase with one another. Furthermore, there are at least 1.5 times more FSH cells than LH cells at all stages of the cycle. Our collection of serial cells shows that some cells (usually type I or II) stain for both gonadotropic hormones, whereas others (usually type II or III) contain only one. PMID- 60436 TI - Central and peripheral localization of somatostatin. Immunoenzyme immunocytochemical studies. PMID- 60437 TI - Pancreatic islet cell hormones distribution of cell types in the islet and evidence for the presence of somatostatin and gastrin within the D cell. PMID- 60438 TI - Single-strand nuclease action on heat-denatured spermiogenic chromatin. AB - The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity of chromatin from representative cellular stages of spermiogenesis to a single-strandeded nuclease after heat denaturation. Thermal denaturation of chromatin was assayed in situ in fixed round, elongating and elongated spermatids and in testicular sperm from mice. Production of single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) at elevated temperatures was monitored by digesting chromatin with endonuclease specific for single-stranded DNA (S1 nuclease), staining the residual DNA with gallocyanin chrome alum (GAC) and measuring the stain content by absorption cytophotometry. Changes in GCA staining were minimal over the temperature range of 22-90 degrees C in each cell type not exposed to nuclease. Staining of undigested cells decreased progressively with advancing cell maturity. Nuclease had no effect on the GCA content of round spermatids below 60 degrees C, but above this temperature there was a progressive decrease in GCA-stainable chromatin. Both round and elongating spermatid stages showed a significantly greater sensitivity to nuclease digestion than did more mature stages; sperm showed no effects of nuclease action below 80 degrees C. Progressive chromatin condensation and a concomitant decrease in the number of available DNA phosphate groups during spermiogenic cell maturation may be responsible for the observed decline in sensitivity to nuclease and decreased GCA staining. Thermal denaturation of round spermatids labeled with 3H-thymidine produced no change in autoradiographic mean nuclear grain counts, indicating no loss of thymidine-labeled DNA from the slides during denaturation. When round spermatids and sperm were hydrolyzed with hot tricholoroacetic acid before staining, both nuclear GCA content and autoradiograph grain count were partially reduced, indicating incomplete DNA removal. Almost complete loss of Feulgen-stainable material occurred in these cells and may be due to depurination and elimination of Feulgren-reactant aldehyde groups. PMID- 60439 TI - Concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase bridge staining of alpha-1 glycoproteins separated by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel. AB - The Coomassie Blue protein stain and the periodic acid-Schiff stain for glycoproteins are compared to a new method of staining glycoproteins resolved electrophoretically. The method utilizes a Concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase sequence to visualize selectively glycoproteins with terminal or internal mannose or terminal N-acetylglucosamine. The method applied to characterization of M and Z allele products of alpha-l-antitrypsins separated by isoelectric focusing of polyacrylamide gels slabs have revealed differences in carbohydrate content of various components that were previously undetected. PMID- 60440 TI - Effect of stirring during fixation upon immunofluorescence. Results with distribution of albumin-producing cells in liver. AB - When the immunofluroscent study on the distribution and the incidence of albumin producing hepatocytes in the rat liver was performed by the method of Sainte Marie, the number of positive cells showed various values (10-60%). It was surmised that when the permeability of the fixative was delayed, albumin had flowed out from the cytoplasm of the unfixed hepatocytes. By the simple means of constant stirring of the fixative using a magnetic stirrer, we accomplished rapid fixation and achieved results in which positive cells attained 100%. On the other hand, the incidence of positive cells decreased markedly when rats were fed a protein-free diet. PMID- 60441 TI - Immune complex receptors on cell surface. I. Ultrastructural demonstration of macrophages. AB - A method is described for ultrastructural localization of immune complex receptors on the surface of viable peritoneal exudate cells. The technique entails incubation with a soluble complex of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and specific antibody to HRP at 4 degrees C followed by exposure to diaminobenzidine and processing for electron microscopy. The bound immune complexes were evident as focal deposits of HRP reaction product, adhering closely to the external surface of macrophages with an uninterrupted periodicity varying between 30 and 120 nm. Following incubation with an insoluble immune complex containing a higher proportion of antibody, receptor sites stained frequently, but large aggregates adhered to the cells. Rinsing cells after staining with soluble complexes partially displaced the bound immune complexes. Fixation prior to exposure to immune complexes largely eliminated the binding capacity of the immune complex receptors. PMID- 60442 TI - Fluorescent reagent for the periodic acid-Schiff and Feulgen reaction for cytochemical studies. PMID- 60443 TI - Letter: Direct carbonyl reaction in mouse mast cells. PMID- 60444 TI - Letter: Iodoplatinate as a marker of quarternary ammonium compounds in electron microscopy. PMID- 60445 TI - Bence Jones proteins and light chains of immunoglobulins. XIII. Effect of elastase-like and chymotrypsin-like neutral proteases derived from human granulocytes on Bence Jones proteins. AB - Bence Jones proteins can be cleaved specifically by several types of endopeptidases into fragments corresponding to the amino-terminal, variant (VL) portion and to the carboxyl-terminal, constant (CL) portion of the light polypeptide chain. Two types of neutral proteases, designated elastase-like (ELP) and chymotrypsin-like (CLP), have been isolated and purified from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Because these proteases have defined proteolytic activity under physiologic conditions for several types of human proteins, we investigated their effect on human Bence Jones proteins. Incubation of kappa-type or lambda-type Bence Jones proteins with ELP or CLP under appropriate conditions resulted in cleavage of both types of light chains as evident by immunochemical and electrophoretic analyses. Treatment with ELP or CLP of one kappa Bence Jones protein resulted in the formation of a single component that had antigenic and electrophoretic properties similar to the VL fragment derived from pepsin digestion of the native protein. No component corresponding to the CL could be detected immunochemically or electrophoretically. Studies of isolated pepsin labile (37 degrees C) and pepsin-stable (55 degrees C) CL fragments demonstrated the marked susceptibility of the carboxyl-terminal half of the light chain to proteolysis by the leukocyte-derived neutral proteases. Incubation with ELP of three other kappa Bence Jones proteins and three reduced-alkylated lambda Bence Jones proteins resulted, in each case, in the formation of a homogeneous component which was electrophoretically and immunochemically distinct from the pepsin-derived VL fragment. An identical component could also be formed by incubating a pepsin-derived VL fragment with ELP. In the ELP-treated samples, no CL-related material was detected electrophoretically or immunochemically with antisera possessing specificity for CL antigenic determinants present on the unfolded light polypeptide chain or on the isolated CL. The component formed by ELP or CLP treatment of certain Bence Jones proteins thus appears to be VL related, but lacks the idiotypic antigenic determinant present on the native protein. In this respect, these neutral protease-derived light chain components are similar to the amyloid-like VL fragments generated in vitro from certain endopeptidase-treated Bence Jones proteins. PMID- 60446 TI - Histamine release from cultured human basophils: lack of histamine resynthesis after antigenic release. AB - Human peripheral basophils can be maintained in cultured for up to 72 hr. These cells retain their functional integrity as judged by total histamine content and by their ability to release histamine by an IgE-mediated reaction in response to a specific antigen challenge. Cells cultured after suboptimal antigenic challenge could be activated to release histamine upon the addition of antigen. In contrast, cells culture after supra-optimal antigenic challenge did not fully recover their ability to release histamine even after 24 hr. With a variety of culture conditions, it was impossible to demonstrate any net synthesis of histamine in cells. Cells cultured after depletion of their stores by reaction with antigen did not show any net histamine formation. The experiments suggest that the basophil in peripheral blood is functionally an end-stage cell and can participate in the histamine release reaction only once. PMID- 60447 TI - Modulation of cyclic AMP in purified rat mast cells. III. Studies on the effects of concanavalin A and anti-IgE on cyclic AMP concentrations during histamine release. AB - Changes in rat mast cell cyclic adenosine 3',5' monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations during stimulation of histamine release by concanavalin A (con A) and anti-IgE were studied. Con A caused an increase in cAMP with a mean peak level at 20 sec of 232% of control (range 164% to 365%). Con A-stimulated cells demonstrated falls toward control levels after 20 sec, but generally remained above control for at least 5 min. By 10 min cAMP had returned to control values. The con A effect on cAMP occurred in the absence of phosphatidyl serine but was markedly inhibited by 5 mM alpha-methyl-D-mannose. Anti-IgE induced a less marked increase in cAMP (157% of control, range 110% to 540% of control) which reached a peak at 20 sec. Two monospecific goat anti-rat myeloma IgE antisera induced similar changes in cAMP whereas normal goat IgG had no effect. These peak values were followed by a rapid decrease in cAMP. Within 2 min the cAMP content of anti IgE stimulated cells had fallen to levels well below control and remained below control levels from 45 sec to over 15 min. Histamine release in both systems began after the peak cAMP levels, during the period of rapid destruction of cAMP. PMID- 60448 TI - Interaction of C-reactive protein with lymphocytes and monocytes: complement dependent adherence and phagocytosis. AB - The serum constituent C-reactive protein (CRP), which activates the classical complement (C) pathway when reacting with its substrates, was examined for its ability to mediate reactions of opsonic adherence and phagocytosis. Erythrocytes coated with C-polysaccharide (CPS) and reacted with CRP (E. CPS-CRP) failed to adhere to B cells and displayed only minimal adherence to monocytes. However, upon the addition of absorbed C or purified C components these cells were found to possess the cleavage products C4b and C3b, which in turn resulted in attachment of these cells to both human B lymphocytes and peripheral blood monocytes. E. CPS-CRP treated with C in the absence of antibody were readily phagocytosized by glass-adherent human monocytes. The phagocytosis of E. CPS-CRP C was not only mediated by CRP but also required the presence of CRP on the surface of the red cells. The extent of ingestion was proportional to the amount of CRP on the red cell intermediate and was reduced by blocking monocyte receptors with aggregated human gamma-globulin (HGG) at concentrations which did not impair the uptake of other particles. The mediation by CRP of reactions of opsonic adherence and phagocytosis as outlined in these studies points to a significant role for CRP in reactions of host defense and inflammation. PMID- 60449 TI - Studies on human brain-thymus cross-reactive antigens. AB - Antigens shared by human brain and thymocytes and by human and mouse tissues were studied with rabbit anti-human thymocyte antiserum (RAHT). It was found that cytotoxicity of RAHT serum against mouse thymus cells was not absorbed by mouse liver or bone marrow cells. Human brain and thymus cells completely absorbed the anti-thymocyte activity from this antiserum. It was suggested that human brain had antigenic determinants identical or very similar to those found on human thymocytes. Activity of RAHT antiserum against mouse thymus cells was completely removed by an absorption of mouse brain and thymocytes. These results demonstrated that there were shared antigenic determinants between human and mouse tissues. PMID- 60450 TI - Synthetic glycolipid adjuvants. AB - In the course of the organic synthesis of model compounds similar in some features to the lipid moiety of endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Nacylated-D glucosamine derivatives were prepared. One of these, N-palmitoyl-D-glucosamine, has been previously found to be mitogenic for athymic nude mouse B cells. This and other N-acylated homologs were tested for adjuvant activity in the immune response to human gamma-globulin (HGG) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in mice. Comparable or superior enhancement of the immune response was obtained for these glycolipids when compared to LPS in assays measuring anti-SRBC or HGG hemagglutinin titers. In the determination of hemolytic plaque formation, considerable adjuvant effect was shown by the lauroyl derivative, and less but still significant enhancement was achieved by the N-palmitoyl-D-glucosamine. In the rosette formation assay, in addition to the above two glycolipids, N-oleyl-D glucosamine showed good adjuvant effect. In the latter two assays, the LPS was a superior adjuvant as compared to the synthetic glycolipids. The radiation protective effect of some of the better synthetic adjuvants was also investigated in mice. It was found that although LPS was more effective in this assay, the N myristoyl-D-glucosamine and N-decanoyl-D-glucosamine compounds gave a definite protection, since up to 40% of the lethally irradiated (700 R) mice survived. PMID- 60451 TI - Influenza A virus interaction with murine lymphocytes. I. The influence of influenza virus A/Japan 305 (H2N2) on the pattern of migration of recirculating lymphocytes. AB - The effect of influenza virus A/Japan 305 (H2N2) on the path of migration of recirculating lymphocytes has been studied. 51Cr-labeled rat thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) were incubated with virus at 37 degrees C for 1 hr and then infused i.v. into syngeneic recipients which were killed 1 hr later. Virus treated TDL accumulated in the liver and their recovery in lymph nodes and spleen was severely reduced. Changes in lymphocytes induced by virus developed rapidly and were evident after incubation for only 15 min. UV-irradiated virus altered the pattern of lymphocyte localization but attachment of heat-inactivated virus to lymphocytes in vitro had no effect on their distribution in vivo. Evidence was obtained that some virus-treated TDL, initially sequestered in the liver, subsequently recovered their ability to circulate normally. Recovery was not complete and a population of cells failed to regain their ability to home into lymph nodes. Evidence is also presented demonstrating that influenza virus affected the homing properties of both T and B cells. It is suggested that aberrations in lymphocyte homing were mediated by the viral neuraminidase which induces changes in the cell membrane leading to their accumulation in the liver. PMID- 60452 TI - Suppression of reaging antibody formation. IV. Suppression of reaginic antibodies to penicillin in the mouse. AB - Reaginic antibodies to the benzylpenicilloyl determinant (BPO) and ovalbumin (OA) were induced readily in B6D2F1 mice by a single i.p. injection of either 1 or 10 mug of BPO4-OA suspended with 1 mg of Al(OH)3 in 0.5 ml of saline. Administration of conjugates consisting of the hapten coupled to the isologous, nonimmunogenic murine gamma-globulins (MgammaG), i.e., BPO9-MgammaG, BPO11-MgammaG, or BPO12 MgammaG, resulted in complete and specific suppression of the induction of the anti-BPO reaginic antibody response without affecting, however, the level of reaginic antibodies to OA. Further study of the effect of epitope density on the immunologic properties of BPOX-MgammaG revealed that a) the lightly haptenated conjugated, BPO1-MgammaG and BPO2.9-MgammaG, were not immunosuppressive, b) the conjugates, BPO4.3-MgammaG and BPO19-MgammaG, were partially tolerogenic, and c) the heavily haptenated conjugate, BPO31-MgammaG, was nontolerogenic. Moreover, most importantly, the ongoing anti-BPO response in sensitized mice was readily abrogated by either four daily or four weekly injections of BPO9-MgammaG. The immunosuppressive effect of BPO12-MgammaG conjugates was dose dependent, complete suppression being achieved with 200 mug of the tolerogen. The unresponsiveness to BPO of spleen cells from immunosuppressed donors was also maintained in adoptive cell transfer experiments in spite of the additional administration of the immunizing antigen under conditions expected to yield a secondary IgE response. Hence, it is suggested that, with special precautions to prevent unleashing an anaphylactic shock, treatment of penicillin-sensitive individuals with polyvalent conjugates of an appropriate number of BPO groups per human gamma-globulin molecule would constitute a rational immunotherapeutic procedure for the abrogation of the allergic response to BPO. PMID- 60453 TI - Development of monoclonal IgA and an apparent IgG in a patient with macroglobulinemia: sharing of individually specific antigenic determinants among IgM, IgA, and IgG. AB - Patient CM, who initially was diagnosed as having macroglobulinemia (IgM, kappa) was subsequently found to develop a monoclonal IgA(kappa) protein. Rabbit antisera directed against the patient's IgAm and IgM were rendered specific for individual antigenic (ind) determinants. The anti-IgAm and IgM ind sera reacted with both 131I labeled monoclonal proteins in a double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA). In addition, both monoclonal immunoglobulins inhibited the reaction between labeled immunoglobulin and both ind antisera, and statistical analysis of the data suggested that the shared ind determinants were identical. The IgG fraction of patient CM's serum also contained a component which competed with both monoclonal IgA (CM) and IgM (CM) in the RIA specific for ind determinants. Analysis of serum samples taken over a 2-year period revealed that, in addition to IgM, both the IgA and IgG components possessing the shared ind determinant(s) were present in low concentrations in the earliest sample, although not detected by conventional techniques. The monoclonal IgA and the IgG component were found to increase in concentration over this time interval with a concomitant decrease in IgM. The regulation of immunoglobulin expression with respect to the proposed models of gene organization in antibody-producing cells was discussed. PMID- 60454 TI - Studies of idiotypic antibodies: reactions of isologous and autologous anti idiotypic antibodies with the same antibody preparations. AB - Outbred rabbits were immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin diazotized to p aminophenyl-N-trimethylammonium chloride (TMA). Anti-TMA antibodies were specifically purified and the F(ab')2 fragments were isolated after pepsin digestion. Glutaraldehyde-polymerized anti-TMA F(ab')2 fragments were reinjected back into the same animal that synthesized the antibodies to elicit an autologous anti-idiotypic (AAI) antiserum and were also injected into an allotypically matched recipient to elicit isologous anti-idiotypic (IAI) antiserum. AAI and IAI antisera reactive with the same F(ab')2 preparation were compared by assaying the populations of anti-TMA molecules reactive with each antiserum. The assays showed that the AAI antiserum reacted with smaller populations of molecules than did the IAI antiserum. The population of molecules recognized by the AAI antiserum was contained within the larger population recognized by the IAI antiserum. Hapten inhibition studies showed that the differences in the populations of molecules recognized by each antiserum were not related to the hapten-binding properties of the idiotypic antibodies: in one case both AAI and IAI reactions were equally inhibited by hapten; in another, the AAI reaction was inhibited more than was the IAI; in another, the IAI reaction was inhibited more. PMID- 60455 TI - Autoradiography and immunohistoperoxidase techniques applied to the same tissue section. AB - A method is described which allows simultaneous detection of two different compounds in tissue sections by combining autoradiography and immunohistoperoxidase techniques. PMID- 60456 TI - The effect of bleomycin A2(-Cu) on the proliferation of brain tumor cells and strained epithelial cells in vitro. PMID- 60457 TI - Studies on platelet plasma membranes. I. Characterization of surface proteins of human platelets labeled with diazotized (125i)-diiodosulfanilic acid. AB - A polar, nonpenetrating compound of high specific activity, diazotized (125I) diiodosulfanilic acid (DD125ISA), has been developed as a label for exposed proteins of the human platelet plasma membrane, and platelet proteins and the pattern of labeling have been studied with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). That DD125ISA binds specifically to membrane proteins was demonstrated by: (1) the specific activity of isolated membrane protein was five to seven times that of whole platelet protein and (2) no proteins of intact platelets were labeled which were not represented in the isolated plasma membrane. That the DD125ISA-labeled membrane proteins were exposed on the cell surface was demonstrated by: (1) DD125ISA-labeled proteins were altered by trypsin treatment of intact, labeled platelets and (2) the pattern of labeling produced by reaction of isolated membranes with DD125ISA was quite different from that produced by the labeling of intact platelets. Analysis of platelet membrane proteins by SDS-PAGE demonstrated the glycoproteins previously described at 150,000 daltons (termed glycoprotein I) and 92,000 daltons (glycoprotein III) but we could discriminate two apparently distinct glycoproteins in the intermediate region (IIa: 125,000 daltons, and II: 118,000 daltons). Glycoproteins I and III were constant whereas IIa was clearly visible only in unreduced samples and II was predominant in reduced samples. Reaction of DD125ISA with intact platelets resulted in equal labeling of three of these four membrane glycoproteins (IIa, II, and III). The pattern of exposed proteins on the platelet surface labeled by DD125ISA was different from lactoperoxidase-131I, which labeled predominantly the 92,000 dalton glycoprotein, as demonstrated by simultaneous SDS-PAGE analysis. Therefore three glycoproteins of the human platelet plasma membrane are exposed to a radioisotope probe on the platelet surface and are accessible for contact interactions. PMID- 60458 TI - 2,7-Fluorenediamine and 2,5-fluorenediamine as peroxidase reagents for blood smears. AB - Our new histochemical methods for peroxidase activity, which do not require benzidine as a hydrogen donor, have been modified for hematological use. Diamine derivatives of fluorene (2,7-fluorenediamine and 2,5-fluorenediamine) were employed in place of benzidine and the result obtained was satisfactory. Two staining techniques were developed. (1) Smears of peripheral blood or bone marrow aspirates were fixed in 2.5 per cent glutaraldehyde solution for 1 minute. Smears were then washed in tap water and covered either by a saturated solution of 2,7 bluorenediamine or by a 0.05 per cent solution of 2,5-fluorenediamine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide for 5 minutes. After being washed in running tap water they were counterstained with Carazzi's hematoxylin solution for 10 minutes. (2) The second technique employs pretreatment of blood smears with 5 per cent CuSO4 solution and aldehyde fixation was omitted. Smears were counterstained by Giemsa stain. The nuclear chromatin structures were well preserved and nucleoli were easily distinguished in the immature cells. In the first method, clear brown granules were recognized in the cytoplasms. In the second method, peroxidase-positive granules were stained black and the staining of nucleus and cytoplasm resembled that of McJunkin's method. PMID- 60459 TI - Cancer of the larynx in Hull and the surrounding area of East Yorkshire. AB - A study of all patients with cancer of the larynx in a population of 449,430 over ten years shows that supraglottic and epilaryngeal cancer has an almost equal incidence to glottic cancer. There is a relationship between urbanization and the incidence of cancer of the larynx, and between cancer of the larynx and bronchogenic carcinoma. A policy of radiotherapy with surgery held in reserve for supraglottic and epilaryngeal cancer failed at a general hospital, for reasons that have been discussed. Primary surgery is required for most cases of supraglottic and epilaryngeal cancer. Radiotherapy with surgery held in reserve is the most appropriate treatment for the great majority of glottic cancers. When radiotherapy failed to cure the disease palliation was achieved in only a small minority of the cases. PMID- 60460 TI - Secretory otitis media in chronic lymphatic leukaemia. A temporal bone report of a case treated for seven months with tympanostomy tubes. AB - Serially sectioned temporal bones were studied from a patient with chronic lymphatic leukaemia with submucosal infiltration of the nasopharynx, the resulting secretory otitis having been treated with tympanostomy tubes for 7 months. The initially serous sterile secretion turned mucoid, and a low grade infection supervened. For the last 3 months the tympanostomy tubes were open and the ears dry. In the sections, the mastoid air cells showed leukaemic infiltrations and contained AB- and PAS-positive secretion. The drum openings were without reaction and there was no epithelial ingrowth around the margins. The posterior tympanum in both ears contained organizing fibrous tissue extending from the inner surface of the drum to the promontory. In the tympanum the mucosa was flat or columnar and without glands. Distinct AB and PAS-positive mucus film and secretory cells appeared on the promontory epithelium and the inner surface of the drum. In the tubo-tympanic recess some AB- and PAS-positive subepithelial glands appeared and in the tympanic orifice of the tube the secretory cells were prominent and the lumen full of AB-positive mucus. The case reported represents an intermediate stage in the healing of secretory otitis media, most of the glands having disappeared but the intraepithelial secretory elements being still active. PMID- 60461 TI - Cellular events in the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rats. AB - Although both the T and B cells of the Lewis rat have immunoglobulin receptors for basic protein (BP) of myelin, and both cell types are required for antibody production to BP, the present results demonstrate that the T cells are the only cells required for the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Both EAE and anti-BP were readily induced in thymectomized, irradiated Lewis rats reconstituted with normal thymus and bone marrow cells and challenged with BP in complete Freund's adjuvant. If the thymus cells were first treated with BP heavily labeled with 125I so as to eliminate (sucide) specific T cells, the recipients neither develop EAE nor produce antibody to BP. On the other hand, if the thymus cells were untreated and the specific B cells of bone marrow were eliminated by treatment with 125I-BP, EAE was not inhibited, although no antibody was produced. These results strongly suggest that the T cell is responsible for the induction of EAE although both the T and B cells are competent to respond to BP. Evidence was presented which suggests that neither suppressor T cells nor circulating antibody are involved in the inhibition of EAE by injection of Lewis rats with nonencephalitogenic preparations of BP. The immune status of T and B cells of the Lewis rat to BP was compared with the immune status of these cells in other species to thyroglobulin, where only the B cells appear to be competent. In this context, Brown Norway rats, which are resistant to the induction of EAE, also appear to lack T cells reactive to BP, although competent B cells are present. PMID- 60462 TI - Status of blood group carbohydrate chains in ontogenesis and in oncogenesis. AB - Blood group ABH determinants in human erythrocytes are carried by four kinds of glycolipid carbohydrate chains, differing in their structural complexity. They are Aa, Ab, Ac, and Ad for A variants, and H1, H2, H3, and H4 for H variants (Table I and Fig 1). Based on the surface labeling of A variants and on the reactivity of erythrocytes to antibodies directed against H3 and against its degradation products, it is concluded that complex variants of A or H determinants (Ac and Ad/or H3 and H4) are absent or significantly low in fetal erythrocytes (80-150 days after gestation) and in new born erythrocytes, whereas these complex structures are fully developed in adult erythrocytes. In contrast, A determinants linked to simpler carbohydrate chains (Aa, Ab variants) are fully developed before birth and do not show significant change after birth. The precursor of blood group carbohydrate chains seems to be abundant in fetal or newborn erythrocytes. This assumption is based on the higher reactivity of fetal or newborn erythrocytes to an antibody, which is directed against the precursor N acetylglucosaminly beta1 leads to 3 galactosyl beta1 leads to 4 glucosylceramide than in adult erythorocytes. Reactions of glycolipids of gastrointestinal mucosa, with antibodies directed against H3 glycolipid and its degradation products, were compared to that of gastrointestinal tumors. The reaction to bela Glc NAc1 leads to 3 beta Gall leads to 4 Glc leads to ceramide (structure 4), which is the precursor of all blood group glycolipids, was consistently high in many cases of tumor glycolipid than that of normal glycolipid. This as well as other evidence supports a general concept that the process of ontogenesis of a blood group carbohydrate chain occurs as step-by-step elongation and arborization, and that blocking of such a development of a carbohydrate chain occurs in the process of oncogenesis. PMID- 60463 TI - The surface nature of proteins of a bovine enterovirus, before and after neutralization. AB - The surface nature of the proteins of a bovine enterovirus have been determined by using 125I and pyridoxal phosphate-sodium borohydride labelling techniques. As found previously, 125I labels only VP1 in intact capsid particles, whereas reaction with pyridoxal phosphate followed by reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride labels VP1, VP2 and VP3. Only VP4 is found to have no surface tyrosine, histidine or lysine available for reaction. After neutralization with homologous antisera, however, VP4 becomes exposed and is then available for labelling with 125I. This must reflect a substantial conformational change in the virus particle after neutralization. PMID- 60464 TI - Temperature-dependence of rapid axonal transport in sympathetic nerves of the rabbit. AB - Stop-flow techniques were used to determine how temperature affected the axonal transport of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity in rabbit sciatic nerves in vitro. These nerves were cooled locally to 2 degrees C for 1.5 hr, which caused a sharp peak of DBH activity to accumulate above the cooled region. Accumulated DBH was then allowed to resume migration at various temperatures. From direct measurements of the rate of migration, we found that the axonal transport velocity of DBH was a simple exponential function of temperature between 13 degrees C and 42 degrees C. Over this range of temperatures, the results were well described by the equation: V=0.546(1.09)T, where V is velocity in mm/hr, and T is temperature in degrees centigrade. The Q10 between 13 degrees and 42 degrees C was 2.33, and an Arrhenius plot of the natural logarithm of velocity versus the reciprocal of absolute temperature yielded an apparent activation energy of 14.8 kcal. Transport virtually halted when temperature was raised to 47 degrees C, although only about half of the DBH activity disappeared during incubation at this temperature. Another transition occurred at 13 degrees C; below this temperature, velocity fell precipitously. This was not an artifact peculiar to the stop-flow system since the rate of accumulation of DBH activity proximal to a cold-block also decreased abruptly when the temperature above the block was reduced below 13 degrees C. PMID- 60465 TI - Fast axonal transport in motor nerve regeneration. AB - This report describes the fast transport of [3H]-leucine-labeled proteins in regenerating rat sciatic motor nerves. A normal rate of fast transport (383 +/- 33 mm/day) was present in the regenerating sprouts, as well as in the central stumps. The rapidly transported proteins passed the level of axotomy without impediment, and accumulated in the endings of the regenerating sprouts, as shown by electron microscope autoradiography. In addition, transported proteins accumulated in terminal neuromas. The relative amount of protein-incorporated radioactivity in the crest of transport in the regenerating nerves was increased compared to control nerves. These results are interpreted to suggest that the mechanism of fast transport is the same in regenerating nerves was increased compared to control nerves. These results are interpreted to suggest that the mechanism of fast transport is the same in regenerating sprouts as in normal axons; during regeneration fast transport appears to add newly synthesized materials to the growing tip. PMID- 60466 TI - Mechanism of interaction of myelin basic protein and S-100 protein: metal binding and fluorescence studies. PMID- 60467 TI - The effect of cordycepin on the appearance of [3H]RNA in the goldfish optic tectum following intraocular injection of [3H]uridine. PMID- 60468 TI - Retrograde axonal transport of rapidly migrating labelled proteins and glycoproteins in regenerating peripheral nerves. PMID- 60469 TI - Some chemical principles applicable to some silver and gold staining methods for neuropathological studies. AB - Some of the chemical principles involved in some silver and gold staining procedures for neuropathological studies are analyzed in the light of experience with methods for astrocytes, microglia, axons and reticulin fibers. The role of formalin fixation, and of treatment with ammonium bromide or oxidizing agents prior to staining for glial cells or reticulin fibers respectively, is described. The silver staining methods are divided into two fundamentally different groups. One is based on the use of silver diammine solutions with or without other substances such as carbonates or pyridine, and at varying times, gold toning. This group encompasses a great variety of techniques for staining glial cells, reticulin fibers and axons. The second group is based on the use of weak solutions of silver ions, reduction in a photographic developer, treatment with gold chloride, and a second reduction in oxalic acid. This group is represented by methods for staining axons and reticulin fibers. A brief analysis of the gold and mercuric chloride methods for astrocytes is also given. PMID- 60470 TI - Acid maltase deficiency in non-identical adult twins. A morphological and biochemical study. AB - Acid maltase deficiency is described in non-identical adult twins. The onset of the disease can be traced into late infancy; the clinical picture is one of severe muscular dystrophy; respiratory insuficiency was the cause of death in one case. The autopsy showed the central nervous system, heart and liver to be spared. Glycogen filled vacuoles are found in skin, mesenchymal cells, small nerves and skeletal muscles. The light microscopic study of 9 different muscles showed extremely variable involvement ranging from normal appearance to overt vacuolization. A 6--20% residual acid alpha-glucosidase activity was found in visceral organs, cultured fibroblasts and in some skeletal muscles. No satisfactory explanation can be given why this generalized acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency produces a selective involvement of skeletal muscles. If compared with infantile AMD (Pompe's disease) our cases have a much higher residual acid alpha glucosidase activity and show the presence of an antigenically detectable protein. From our study and from a similar report in the literature (de Barsy et al., 1975), it appears that a combined approach of light microscopy, electron microscopy and biochemical analysis (determination of acid alpha-glucosidase) is necessary to make a diagnosis of AMD in adults. PMID- 60472 TI - [Neurological findings (especially "developmental reflexes") in residents of homes for the aged (author's transl)]. AB - 86 residents of several homes for the aged in Berlin, aged 75 to 96 years (mean age 86.3 years), were examined neurologically. Many showed the following aberrant neurological signs: Pallaesthesia and dermolexia were extinct in the lower extremities; the ankle jerks could not be elicited; the palmomental, orbicularis oris reflex, grasping and the snout reflexes were positive; there was a hypokinetic-hypertonic motor syndrome. The statistical analyses and the follow-up dynamics of our findings argue for such age-dependent changes of the CNS as the basis for the grasping and snout reflexes and for the involuntary movements of the elderly. PMID- 60471 TI - Lipid composition of myelin in multiple sclerosis. AB - Myelin was isolated from histologically normal white matter and plaques from MS patients and from white matter of neurologically normal controls. No difference was found in the total lipid content. There were no detectable deficits in MS myelin of phosphoglycerides, plasmalogens or sphingolipids. Gangliosides and lysolecithin were not detected. Analysis of the fatty aldehyde composition of the phosphoglycerides and the fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl esters, phosphoglycerides and sphingolipids did not show any differences between the normal and MS myelin. PMID- 60473 TI - Pathophysiological aspects concerning the treatment of the apallic syndrome. PMID- 60474 TI - Chronic bromide intoxication with a severe neurological deficit. PMID- 60475 TI - Studies on the geographic clustering of multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis in Finland. PMID- 60476 TI - Optic neuritis in relation to multiple sclerosis. AB - Available estimates of the frequency with which a patient with optic neuritis develops multiple sclerosis range from as low as 13% to as high as 87%. In an effort to obtain a better estimate, a nation-wide study of optic neuritis was carried out in Israel. Patients who fulfilled strict diagnostic criteria of optic neuritis were identified and examined periodically. Between 1955 and 1964, 105 patients were found and on the basis of these, the average annual age-adjusted incidence of optic neuritis in Israel was 0.56 per 10(5) population compared to 1.2 per 10(5) cases of multiple sclerosis per year, i.e. optic neuritis was about half as frequent as multiple sclerosis each year. As with multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis was more common in European immigrants to Israel than Afro-Asian immigrants. During a follow-up interval which ranged from 3.3 to 15.6 years (mean 9.5 years), at least 27 of the 105 patients developed multiple sclerosis (28%). A life-table analysis showed that after 10 years 32.3 +/- 5.6% of patients with optic neuritis would develop multiple sclerosis and, after 14 years, about half would develop multiple sclerosis. Risk of dissemination was highest in those who were youngest when optic neuritis developed. Neither sex nor ethnic background influenced risk significantly. Results of the present study support earlier work using life-table methods carried out in Hawaii which also showed that between 29 and 39% of patients with optic neuritis will develop multiple sclerosis within 10 years of onset. The life-table method is a better predictor of prognosis than newer laboratory techniques such as spinal fluid studies of IgG, kappa-lambda light chain ratios and serum/CSF IgG ratios. PMID- 60477 TI - [Methods and evaluation of visually evoked EEG potentials in cases of suspected multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - In multiple sclerosis, average EEG potentials which are monocularly evoked by checkerboard pattern reversal frequently show increased latencies of the dominant, occipitally positive peak (more than 110 ms), and latency differences of more than 6--7 ms between responses to right and left eye stimulation. Fixation of the stimulus field at the lower border causes significantly longer latencies and smaller amplitudes than fixation at the upper border. With lower border fixation, the increase of response latency may suggest a reversal of response polarity in extreme cases. Central fixation often but not always results in responses similar to upper border fixation. In order to have minimal variability of the results, fixation of the stimulus field at the upper border is preferred over central fixation. PMID- 60478 TI - Indications for the use of bleomycine-Co57 in brain scanning. AB - The Authors report on their experience with a new radio-active tracer, Bleomycine Co57, which was studied in 40 patients who had previously undergone brain scanning with Indium113m. The results obtained with these two different tracers are compared and the following conclusions advanced: 1) Bleomycine-Co57 is the radio-active tracer of choice in identification of cerebral metastases, especially in those cases where brain scanning with Indium113m was non diagnostic; 2) glioblastomas evidence less uptake of the tracer than do metastases; 3) the scarce affinity of this tracer for benign tumors is stressed; 4) owing to the long half-life of this tracer, it is preferable to use it only with those subjects suspected of having a malignant neoplasia. PMID- 60479 TI - Effects of modification of intracellularcyclic AMP levels on the imediate hypersensitivity reaction in vivo. AB - Experiments were performed to study the effects of agents that elevate endogenous cyclic AMP levels on the progression of a reverse passive Arthus reaction in the pleural cavity of rats. Three hours after the onset of the reaction a marked reduction in histamine release was observed which correlated well with increases in cellular cyclic AMP concentration. The results at 6 hr suggested a relationship between cyclic AMP and leucocyte PGE, the latter being reduced dramatically both in the cells and in the fluid exudate by agents that elevate cyclic AMP. It was concluded that cyclic AMP may play an important regulatory role in vivo in the release of inflammatory mediators from leucocytes. PMID- 60480 TI - The endometrial identity of benign stromatosis of the ovary and its relation to other forms of endometriosis. AB - A series of 114 ovaries form women aged 20 to 82 showed cortical islands of endometrial stroma in about two-thirds of those over 40. This identity was commonly apparent in ordinary sections and was confirmed in half the affected ovaries by the presence of K cells (endometrial granulocytes) in one or more foci; it may be masked by attenuation or conversion into smooth muscle. The islands show transitional forms to decidual foci and to cortical granulomata and related leucocytic lesions, a few of which also showed K cells: they are ultimately converted into weakly orceinophil hyaline foci which are common in later life and showed K cells in four instances and continuity with stromal islands in 20 ovaries. The lesions appear to arise from the implantation of endometrial stroma into the ovary, the surface of which becomes more cellular and probably more permeable after 40. The islands may foster the development of cortical stromal hyperplasia and their antecedents that of surface epithelial tumours. PMID- 60481 TI - Alpha fetoprotein in the antenatal diagnosis of the congenital nephrotic syndrome. AB - In the congenital nephrotic syndrome (Finnish type), concentrations of alpha fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid and maternal serum are markedly elevated in the second trimester of pregancncy. Demonstration of this alteration allows early prenatal diagnosis of this fatal condition and elective termination of the pregnancy before 20 week's gestation. PMID- 60483 TI - Vinyl acetate casts of emphysematous rat lungs. AB - Emphysema was induced in rats by chronic exposure to a papain aerosol according to established methods. The emphysematous changes were evaluated by previously described histological and biochemical parameters and by a new method employing infiltration of the lungs with vinyl acetate to make casts of the air spaces of the pulmonary tree. The weights and gross and microscopic appearance of the casts demonstrated the emphysematous changes in lungs of the papain-treated rats. Vinyl acetate casting may offer a new and useful tool in evaluating experimental induction of emphysema in rats. PMID- 60484 TI - Proceedings: The fine structure of the living cell-a reappraisal. Television film. PMID- 60482 TI - Specificity of the circum-sporozoite precipitation antigen(s) of human and simian malarias. PMID- 60485 TI - Proceedings: A paraffin Nauta method for staining degeneration in cephalopod C.N.S. PMID- 60487 TI - [Value of bleomycin labeled with cobalt 57 in the diagnosis of pulmonary round images]. PMID- 60486 TI - Alterations in amounts and rates of serotonin transported in an axon of the giant cerebral neurone of Aplysia californica. AB - 1. The giant cerebral neurone of the sea hare, Aplysia californica, is a unipolar serotonergic cell. Its axon bifurcates, one branch travelling in the cerebrobuccal connective, the other in the posterior lip nerve. 2. I13H]serotonin was injected under pressure into the cell body of the giant cerebral neurone. We studied fast axonal transport of the radioactive transmitter substance along the lip nerve when the cerebrobuccal connective was cut close to the bifurcation. 3. When the connective was cut, more than twice as much [3H]serotonin was transported along the lip nerve compared to uncut control nervous systems. 4. The increased [3H]serotonin appearing in the nerve probably was originally destined to enter the connective, but was diverted from the cut stump which was occluded with backed-up material. 5. The incremental [3H]serotonin in the lip nerve was not the result of increased export from the soma in response to injury. 6. Not only was more [3H]serotonin transported along the lip nerve, but also a far greater fraction of the transmitter moved at very fast transport rates, approaching 120 mm/day. In uncut control nerves only a small fraction of total [3H]serotin moved faster than 70 mm/day. 7. These results are interpreted with a model for fast axonal transport. We suggest that serotonergic vesicles move at a fixed, maximal speed when attached to essentially immobile tracks, but that the vesicles are only intermittently associated with the tracks. We presume that the rate-limiting step in movement of vesicles is the concentration-dependent and reversible binding to the tracks. Transport along axons may be considered analogous to those enzymatic reactions in which formation of the enzyme-substrate complex limits the appearance of product. Translocation is here analogous to formation of product. The process may therefore be approached theoretically by modification of the Michaelis-Menten formulation. PMID- 60488 TI - [Progress in the radioisotope diagnosis of tumors]. PMID- 60489 TI - [Prognostic value of labeled bleomycin in epithelial tumors]. PMID- 60490 TI - [Labeled bleomycin: methodologic aspects]. PMID- 60491 TI - An electromyographic study of uterotubal activity in the ewe. AB - The electrical activity of the oviduct and uterus was automatically registered on a potentiometric pen recorder in ewes fitted with an extracellular multielectrode assembly. The duration and amplitude of local non-propagating activity of the uterus increased and became progressively grouped into phases as natural oestrus progressed. Phases of contractions lasting 5-6 min were initially propagated at a rate of 2/hr. Their frequency increased within 24 hr of the decline in plasma progesterone levels. Grouped activity was then resumed for the next 24 hr. Similar changes were seen in the activity of the oviduct although this region was active earlier in oestrus. The uterotubal activity developed in the same way 24 hr after withdrawal of a progestagen-impregnated sponge but lasted for 3 days. When another oestrus was induced by injection of a prostaglandin analogue, the activity patterns were qualitatively similar although they did not start until 36 hr after injection and lasted for only 2 days. PMID- 60492 TI - Self-instruction in ophthalmoscopy for first-year medical students. PMID- 60493 TI - Studies on the mechanism of enzymatic DNA elongation by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase II. PMID- 60494 TI - The structure of mitochondrial membranes in frozen sections. PMID- 60495 TI - Type C viruses from Kirsten sarcoma-transformed mink cells co-cultivated with primate cells and expressing p30 antigens related to feline leukemia virus. AB - Two type C viruses with new antigenic and biological properties were isolated by co-cultivating secondary cell strains established from the kidneys of a baboon (Papio papio) and a patas monkey (Erythrocebus patas) with mink cells non productively transformed by Kirsten sarcoma virus. Both new isolates (designated PP-1R and EP-1R) contain major structural proteins (p30) that are immunologically most closely related to the p30 proteins of feline leukemia viruses. The reverse transcriptases of both viruses, although antigenically related to polymerases of murine and rat type C viruses, are distinct from those of previously described type C viral groups. Both PP-1R and EP-1R can be transmitted to canine and feline cells and to sarcoma virus-transformed, but not normal, mink cells. Both viruses contain RNA genomes partially homologous to those of endogenous mouse and rat type C viruses and the Kirsten sarcoma virus. In addition, the RNA of PP-1R contains a portion of the nucleic acid sequences found in a type C virus isolated from the baboon species P. papio. We propose that both new isolates are genetic recombinants formed between endogenous primate type C viral genomes and sequences found in Kirsten sarcoma-transformed mink cells. PMID- 60497 TI - Case report: potassium of 10 milligrams per cent. AB - An 82-year-old white man with recurrent prostatitis was hospitalized with acute urinary retention. On 3 separate occasions the blood potassium was 10 mg. per cent. An admission electrocardiogram was typical of hyperpotassemia. The patient recovered on intravenous therapy and conservative treatment. Transurethral resection of the prostate was done 3 weeks later. PMID- 60496 TI - Recombination between a temperature-sensitive mutant and a deletion mutant of Rous sarcoma virus. AB - Cells doubly infected with two mutants of the Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), ts68, which is temperature sensitive for cell transformation (srcts), and a deletion mutant, N8, which is deficient in the envelope glycoprotein (env-), produced a recombinant which carried the defects of both parents. The frequency of formation of such a recombinant was exceptionally high and made up 45 to 55% of the progeny carrying the srcts marker. By contrast, the reciprocal recombinant, which is wild type in transformation (srcts) and contains the subgroup A envelope glycoprotein (envA), was almost undetectable. This remarkable difference in the frequency of the formation of the two possible recombinants suggests that a unique mechanism may be involved in the genetic interaction of the two virus genomes, one of which has a large deletion. When an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase-negative variant of the N8 (N8alpha) was crinants also became deficient in the polymerase. Cells infected by the srctsenv- recombinant were morphologically normal at the nonpermissive temperature (41 degrees C) and susceptible to all subgroups of RSV. The rate by which the wild type RSV transformed the recombinant-preinfected cells was indistinguishable from that of transformation of uninfected chicken cells by the same wild-type virus. This indicates that no detectable interference exists at postpenetration stages between the preinfected and superinfecting virus genomes and confirms that the expression of the transformed state is dominant over the suppressed state. PMID- 60498 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. AB - A prospective program for the prenatal detection of neural tube defects in a high risk pregnancy group has been under way for one year. Twenty high-risk mothers have undergone a complete prenatal work-up, including sonography, amniocentesis, and amniotic fluid and maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein quantitation. Within this group, two cases were prospectively diagnosed and were later confirmed. PMID- 60499 TI - Letter: Intravesical bleomycin in bladder cancer. PMID- 60500 TI - [Effect of continuous bleomycin treatment and of oil-suspended bleomycin on experimental tumor growth (author's transl)]. AB - Effects of continuous administration of bleomycin solution and of intralesional injection of sesame oil-suspended bleomycin on tumor growth were studied. Experimental animal tumors were 3 rd generation isotransplants of a spontaneous C3H mouse mammary carcinoma. Bleomycin treatments were started when transplanted tumors reached 8 mm in diameter and the measurement of tumor volume was followed. Dose administered was fixed as 100 mg/kg in all the groups. Bleomycin solution was given intralesionally in a single or 4 daily doses, or intraperitoneally by continuous infusion. The latter method inhibited tumor growth most effectively, while the single injection was the last effective. Intralesional injection of oil suspended exhibited similar effectiveness as the continuous infusion, and it was independent of the number of fractions. These results were interpreted by the several features in the response of mammalian cells to the antibiotic. PMID- 60501 TI - Lung damage caused by phospholipase C and the changes in phospholipids in the rat lung. AB - The lipid and protein fractions of the endobronchial lavage fluid from the normal rats which contained the lung surfactant were analysed. Lecithin, the main main component of the lung surfactant, was exclusively combined with a dextran precipitable protein. This protein then behaved as beta-globulin on cellulose acetate electrophoresis or low density lipoprotein on agarose gel filtration. After administration of phospholipase C (from Clostridium Welchii), the protein content of the lavage fluid increased markedly. The amount of dextran precipitable protein also increased markedly and its properties remained the same on gel filtration after treatment with phospholipase C. The phospholipids in the lavage fluid were not affected, although the total phospholipids in the lung tissue, especially lecithin, did decrease during the 10 days after treatment. Histopathologically, an eosinophilic dense exudative fluid appeared in both the interstitium and the broncho-alveolar spaces. A large number of the alveolar lining cells disappeared and a few of them were desquamated into the alveolar spaces. Thus, the immediate destruction of the alveolar lining cells after the administration of phospholipase C resulted in interstitial pneumonia in 10 days. The significance of phospholipase in pulmonary inflammation is discussed. PMID- 60502 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibodies in human plasma. AB - Plasma samples from healthy adults were examined for antibodies to the common protective antigen (OEP) [1] by passive hemagglutination (HA) reaction [2] with the finding that the majority of them had an antibody titer of 60 or lower. 2 Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) treatment, however, caused a decrease in HA titer down to 16 or lower in most of the cases, suggesting that the OEP antibody resides mostly in IgM and slightly in IgG. The finding was corroborated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. It appears likely that IgA is not implicated in the HA titer since IgA was HA negative. However, the detection of enzymatic activity by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) [9] still suggests a possibility that OEP antibody resides in IgA. On the other hand, antibodies to proteolytic enzymes, especially protease and elastase [3], elaborated by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were found to be present in most cases at a titer of 16 or lower by HA reaction. It was also found that they reside mostly in IgM. PMID- 60503 TI - Antiglobulin factor in sera from patients with liver disease. AB - (1) An antiglobulin factor, non-neutralizable by human gamma-globulin, was demonstrated in sera of two patients with liver disease. (2) By absorption and elution techniques, two fractions were differentiated in a serum: one is reactive to rabbit antibody and the other seems cross-reactive to rabbit and human antibodies. (3) In double immunodiffusion test, the antiglobulin factor formed a precipitation band with heat-aggregated human IgG as did rheumatoid arthritis serum. (4) While the antiglobulin activity to rabbit antibody was demonstrated in both the IgM and IgG fractions, the reactivity to human antibody was localized in the IgM fraction. (5) From its selective reactivity to individual anti-D sera (sensitizers), at least a part of the specificity of the antiglobulin factor must be related to anti-Gm (1), and consequently can be regarded as auto-reactive. PMID- 60504 TI - [Postoperative nursing of patients with cervical spondylosis]. PMID- 60505 TI - [Postoperative nursing of patients with lumbar disk herniation]. PMID- 60506 TI - Whipple's disease: demonstration by immunofluorescence of similar bacterial antigens in macrophages from three cases. AB - Although it is widely accepted that Whipple's disease is caused by microorganisms, there is little agreement as to the exact nature of those microbes. Several different types of bacteria have been reported from patients with Whipple's disease causing some workers to speculate that Whipple's disease may be due to a variety of microorganisms. Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, we have demonstrated bacterial antigens in the granules of the foamy macrophages from three patients with Whipple's disease. The macrophages in each case stained with several types of antibacterial grouping sera. Jejunal biopsies from three normal subjects and one from a patient with celiac-like disease did not show significant reactions with any of the antisera. When these same antisera were reacted with homologous and heterologous bacteria, numerous cross-reactions were seen. However, each organism only reacted with certain antisera resulting in a distinctive pattern of reaction which could identify it. Therefore, if a different organism was present in each case of Whipple's disease, the antisera should give dissimilar reactions from case to case, but if the same type of microbe was present in each case, a similar pattern of reaction should be seen. In fact, the reactions were remarkably similar from case to case. These results suggest that a single, antigenically definable microorganism is present in the jejunal tissue of patients with Whipple's disease. PMID- 60507 TI - Appearance, properties, and origin of altered human hemoglobin in feces. AB - Altered hemoglobin (Hb) has been found in the feces as a sequel to an upper gastrointestinal bleed. Active Hb antigen of increased anodic mobility was detected on immunoelectrophoresis of melena stools using a goat anti-Hb. The Hb derivative was also identified in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using 412 nm. absorbance. The alteration could be simulated in vitro by incubation of hemolysate with duodenal juice or purified carboxypeptidase B alone, or by a mixture of carboxypeptidases A and B. Treatment of hemolysate or purified Hb with acid, gastric juice, pepsin, pancreatic juice, bile, trypsin, or chymotrypsin failed to produce the characteristic alteration. Instead, no change, or production of alpha and beta chains, or gradual but complete elimination of the Hb antigen was seen. This latter all or none pattern is presumed to prevail in the large bowel on the basis of incubations of hemoglobin-feces mixtures. Individuals documented to be bleeding into the colon were found to have at least a portion of their Hb antigen in the unaltered form by immunoelectrophoresis. This finding may be of value in identifying the general origin of a gastrointestinal bleed. PMID- 60508 TI - Mechanism for regulation of immune responses. PMID- 60509 TI - A note on the cross-reactivity of antibodies. PMID- 60510 TI - A new mathematical continuum theory of axoplasmic transport. PMID- 60511 TI - A dynamic continuum model for molecular regulation of the humoral immune response. PMID- 60512 TI - Carcinoma of the esophagus-present-day treatment. PMID- 60513 TI - Administration of human fibroblast interferon in chronic hepatitis-B infection. AB - One patient with hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic aggressive hepatitis, and two chimpanzee carriers of HBsAg, were each given seven doses of 10(7) I.U. of human fibroblast interferon over two weeks. The main differnce observed after treatment was a depression of the nucleocapsid hepatitis-0 core antigen in the liver, indicating that hepatitis-B virus infection is sensitive to interferon. Except for a short febrile reaction, no undesirable effects were seen after the administration of human fibroblast interferon which has not been previously given to man. PMID- 60514 TI - Identification of high-risk patients with aplastic anaemia in selection for allogeneic 0one-marrow transplantation. AB - Of 75 patients with asplastic anaemia treated between 1968 and 1975, 33 were retrospectively considered as potential candidates for allogenegic bone-marrow transplantation on the basis of their age and severity of marrow failure. The prognosis of these patients with conservative treatment was assessed from parameters obtained at the time of the initial diagnosis. Initial peripheral blood granulocyte or platelet concentrations were not of porgnostic value. In contrast, initial reticulocyte concentrations, allowed separation of the patients into two groups with poor and good prognosis. Low initial reticulocyte concentrations (less than 10 000/mu1) indicated those patients at extremely high risk of succumbing to their marrow aplasia (there were no survivors 36 months after disgnosis). In contrast, 75% of those patients with more than 10 000 reticulocytes per mu1 at diagnosis survived for 3 years. Initial peripheral-blood reticulocyte concentrations thus appear to indicate the extent of the marrow failure in aplastic anaemia more accurately than granulocytes or platelets. Low initial reticulocyte concentrations may indicate, among patients with severe aplastic anaemia, those for whom allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation should be seriously considered; patients with higher initial reticulocyte concentrations may benefit from conservation treatment. PMID- 60515 TI - Serum-25-hydroxy-vitamin-D in untreated parenchymal and cholestatic liver disease. AB - Serum-25-hydroxy-vitamin-D (25 OHD) concentration has been measured in 106 patients with untreated parenchymal and cholestatic liver disease. Low mean values were found in groups of patients with alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, non-cirrhotic active chronic hepatitis, lupoid and cryptogenic cirrhosis, symptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis, and acute and chronic biliary disease. In a group of patients with presymptomatic biliary cirrhosis the mean value was not significantly different from normal. It is concluded that in the presence of significant parenchymal or cholestatic liver disease serum-25-OHD concentrations are usually low. The mechanisms for the reduction remain to be clarified, but low serum-25-OHD values may play a contributory role in the aetiology of osteomalacia in chronic liver disease. PMID- 60516 TI - HLA and pancreatic islet cell antibodies in diabetes. AB - The frequency of HLA-B8 was significantly increased in pancreatic islet cell antibody (P.I.C.A)-positive patients (61%) compared with P.I.C.A.-negative patients (35%) and a control population (28%). This increased frequency of HLA-B8 was even more striking in diabetics in whom P.I.C.A. persisted for more than 5 years (71%). Thus the association of HLA-B8 with diabetes may be related to the presence of P.I.C.A. in these patients. PMID- 60517 TI - Serum-prolatic in women with premenstrual syndrome. AB - Serum-prolactin was measured by radioimmunoassay during the menstrual cycle in 28 women who had the premenstrual syndrome (P.M.S.) and in a control group who did not have P.M.S. symptoms. Throughout the menstrual cycle mean serum-prolactin was signficantly higher in women with P.M.S. than in the controls. The average individual increase in serum-prolactin during the premenstrual period compared with the first 3 weeks of the cycle was also significantly higher in women with P.M.S. It is not clear whether the increase in serum-prolactin was merely an indicator of stress or was actually involved in producing some of the symptoms which constitute P.M.S. PMID- 60518 TI - Beta-lactamase-producing, penicillin-resistant gonococcus. AB - A gonococcus was isolated from the vagina of a woman with pelvic inflammatory disease. The organism was typical in all respects except that, unlike any previously described gonococcus, it produced a beta-lactamase that conferred resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, and cephaloridine. Among other antibiotics tested streptomycin was the only one to which the organism was resistant. PMID- 60519 TI - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Repeated failure of penicillin G treatment in a man with gonorrhoeal urethritis prompted penicillin sensitivity testing of the responsible strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Disc diffusion sensitivity testing showed complete resistance to 10 mug of penicillin G. The organism produced penicillinase. PMID- 60520 TI - Use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure to treat severe recurrent apnoea in very preterm infants. AB - Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (C.P.A.P.) of 2-3 mm Hg abolished or reduced the incidence of severe apnoeic attacks in 5 very preterm newborn infants. It is postulated that C.P.A.P. provides a respiratory drive by reflexly stimulating the infant's pulmonary stretch receptors. PMID- 60521 TI - A model for the persistence or reactivation of fetal haemoglobin production. AB - Normal adults may have two distinct erythroid precursor populations, a major one which produces only adult haemoglobin (HbA), and another which produces HbA and fetal haemoglobin (H0F) (F cells). Persistence or apparent reactivation of HbF production in adults results from differential selection of these F cells, except in those rare conditions which are due to specific deletions of D.N.A. involved in suppression of gamma-chain synthesis. The increase in HbF which results from a genetically determined increase in F cells appears to ameliorate sicke-cell anaemia or beta thalassaemia. Augmentation of the F-cell population might offer a therapeutic approach to these disorders. PMID- 60522 TI - Editorial: searching for the endogenous analygesic. PMID- 60523 TI - Editorial: The liver after jejunoileal bypass. PMID- 60524 TI - Editorial: Vivisection. PMID- 60525 TI - Editorial: Neurological foundations of infantile autism. PMID- 60526 TI - Editorial: The hot breast. PMID- 60527 TI - Editorial: The increments dispute and the closed shop. PMID- 60528 TI - Clinical syndromes of mastalgia. AB - 232 patients attending a breast clinic with breast pain as the primary presenting symptom were studied prospectively to define clinical syndromes and to attempt to elucidate aetiological factors. Those women in whom mastalgia was a minor aspect of their complaint, or who were primarily seeking reassurance that they did not have cancer, were excluded. Most mastalgia patients could be placed into well defined subgroups on the basis of clinical, radiological, and pathological features. After excluding causes of pain arising outside the breast, six specific groups with widely differing aetiological bases were defined, leaving only 7% unclassified lithout known aetiology. The six defined groups were cyclical pronounced mastalgia, (believed to be hormonally based), duct ectasia. Tietze syndrome, trauma, sclerosing adenosis, and cancer. Psychological factors were found to be less important than has been previously suggested. Classification of patients with mastalgia into homogeneous subgroups is a prerequisite of any therapeutic study. PMID- 60529 TI - Aprospective study of urinary-tract infections in a Dutch general practice. AB - In a Dutch general practice the adult female population was screened for asymptomatic bacteriuria (A.B.) by repeated urine culture after vulval cleansing. The prevalence of signficant A.B. was 4.7% and increased with age. Women with significant A.B. were followed up for one year. All symptomatic urinary-tract infections were recorded during the same period (incidence 59 per 1000 population). Women with significant A.B. at screening were divided into three groups according to the pattern of the follow-up results: transitory A.B., symptomatic A.B., and persistent A.B. The last group differed from the penultimate group with regare to the site of their urinary-tract involvement, symptomatic cases having predominantly upper-urinary-tract involvement and persistent cases lower-urinary-tract infection. In the matched control group the acquisition-rate of both symptomatic and asymptomatic 0acteriuria was over 12%, a figure similar to the percentage of women present in the practice population during one year with transient, symptomatic, and persistent A.B. Screening for A.B. in the general non-pregnant female population is not advocated at present. Screening and treatment of existing A.B. should be carried out in pregnant women who run an increased risk. PMID- 60530 TI - Managing the health service: the doctor's contribution. PMID- 60531 TI - Letter: Vitamin-B12 deficiency in Asian immigrants. PMID- 60532 TI - Letter: Patient's awareness of cancer. PMID- 60533 TI - Letter: Marrow aplasia and penicillamine. PMID- 60534 TI - Letter: Pacemaker death. PMID- 60535 TI - Letter: Zinc, penicillamine, and rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 60536 TI - Letter: Nutrition in medicine. PMID- 60537 TI - Letter: Medical manpower. PMID- 60538 TI - Letter: Natural family planning. PMID- 60539 TI - Letter: Clinical immunology. PMID- 60540 TI - Letter: IgE, parasites, and allergy. PMID- 60541 TI - Letter: Zinc-thionein and heritable disorders associated with aberrant zinc metabolism. PMID- 60542 TI - Letter: Alpha-fetoprotein and testicular tumours. PMID- 60543 TI - Letter: Amitriptyline therapy in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 60544 TI - Letter: Pica with zinc deficiency. PMID- 60545 TI - Letter: Cyproterone acetate. PMID- 60546 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis. PMID- 60547 TI - Letter: Abnormal polygraphic findings in near-miss sudden infant death. PMID- 60548 TI - Letter: Gluten and schizophrenia. PMID- 60549 TI - Letter: Myocardial infarction: a complication of vincristine treatment? PMID- 60550 TI - Letter: Quality control of "dextrostix". PMID- 60551 TI - Letter: Blood-sampling and diabetic control. PMID- 60552 TI - Letter: Caffeine in coffee. PMID- 60553 TI - Letter: Timolol, hydrochlorothiazide, blood-pressure, and renin in essential hypertension. PMID- 60554 TI - Letter: Collapse during channel swim. PMID- 60555 TI - Letter: Agglutination grouping of Streptococci. PMID- 60556 TI - Letter: Sexercise-induced asthma. PMID- 60557 TI - Letter: Breast is best for coronary protection. PMID- 60559 TI - Letter: Starting digoxin. PMID- 60558 TI - Letter: Clonidine overdose. PMID- 60560 TI - Letter: Ondine's curse. PMID- 60561 TI - Letter: Immunofluorescence of human reovirus-like agent of infantile diarrhoea. PMID- 60562 TI - Letter: Plasma-paracetamol (acetaminophen) measurement. PMID- 60563 TI - Letter: Primary liver-cell carcinoma in Accra. PMID- 60564 TI - Use of coagulation tests to predict the clinical progress of pre-eclampsia. AB - The clinical manifestations of severe pre-eclampsia are normally separated from those of mild pre-eclampsia and normal pregnancy on arbitrary grounds. A clinical index, based on the increase in diastolic blood-pressure and the presence of proteinuria, was developed to reflect the spectrum of disease from mild to severe pre-eclampsia. This was related to a coagulation index based on the platelet count, plasma-factor-VIII, and serum-fibrinolytic-degradation-products. The two indices were shown to be strongly correlated. All cases of perinatal death associated with pre-eclampsia had coagulation indices in the most severely abnormal range. These results suggest that intravascular coagulation is a highly characteristic feature of pre-eclampsia and that the coagulation index may be of value in monitoring the progress of the disease. PMID- 60565 TI - Single-dose peroperative antibiotic prophylaxis in gastrointestinal surgery. AB - A single intravenous dose of tobramycin and lincomycin, given at the start of gastrointestinal operations, significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative wound infection from 34% to 5%. The occurrence of both anaerobic and aerobic bacteria was reduced. Therapeutic concentrations of the antibiotics were maintained throughout the operative period in most cases. No toxic effects of the antibiotics were detected, no anaesthetic complication occurred, and resistant strains of bacteria normally sensitive to the antibiotics were not isolated from wounds. PMID- 60566 TI - Effects of timolol and hydrochlorothiazide on blood-pressure and plasma renin activity. Double-blind factorial trial. AB - The effects of timolol (10 mg thrice daily) and hydrochlorothiazide (50 mg/day) have been compared in a double-blind factorial trial in 20 patients with essential hypertension. There were four randomised test phases of 8 weeks each during which patients received timolol alone, hydrochlorothiazide alone, timolol plus hydrochlorothiazide, and no treatment (placebo). Blood-pressure was measured weekly, alternately at the outpatient clinic and at the patient's home. Supine mean arterial pressure fell from 119 mm Hg in the placebo phase to 110 mm Hg in the hydrochlorothiazide phase, 106 mm Hg in the timolol phase, and 101 mm Hg in the combined timolol plus hydrochlorothiazide phase. Factorial analysis revealed that these effects of the two drugs were additive without any potentiation or antagonism. Mean plasma-renin activity (P.R.A.) was 5-02 ng/ml/3 h in the placebo phase falling to 1-79 in the timolol phase and rising to 9-54 in the diuretic phase, but remaining unchanged in the combined treatment phase (5-40 ng/ml/3 h). The data suggest that the hypotensive action of timolol is not dependent on the concomitant fall in P.R.A. The methods described provide a valuable tool for quantitating the effects of a given drug, and hence a valid basis for objective comparison. PMID- 60567 TI - Exercise vectorcardiography in diagnosis of ischaemic heart-disease. AB - The changes in the cardiac electric field during exercise have been studied by conventional vectorcardiographic techniques. Criteria have been developed to distinguish the changes seen in patients with coronary-artery disease proven angiographically from the changes in patients with normal coronary arteriograms. These criteria were derived from a learning set of 105 patients. Vectorcardiograms were taken immediately before and immediately after a maximal treadmill exercise test. In this group of 105 patients--72 with abnormal coronary arteries and 33 with normal coronary arteries--vectorcardiography before and after exercise diagnosed correctly 86% of the abnormals and 82% of the normals. This gives a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity 82%. ST-segment analysis in the same group gave a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 85%. The same criteria applied blind to a second testing set of 92 patients gave a sensitivity of 84% and a specificity of 65%. In the same group ST-T analysis gave a sensitivity of 56% and a specificity of 78%. The sensitivity with these criteria compares favourably with the best results so far achieved with ST-segment analysis aided by computer. This technique can be easily used by the clinician and improves the diagnostic accuracy of exercise testing. PMID- 60568 TI - Clinical features and follow-up of patients with angina and normal coronary arteries. AB - The clinical findings in 45 patients with angina and normal coronary arteries are reviewed. The primary site, radiation, and character of the pain were typical of angina but the pain was atypical in its relation to stress, frequency of occurrence, relief with rest, and response to nitroglycerin. 22 had abnormal electrocardiograms with evidence of past myocardial infarction in 3. 5 had abnormal exercise tests. During a two-year follow up period there were no further myocardial infarctions and anginal pain either disappeared or improved in 73%. It is concluded that patients with angina and normal coronary arteries can often be distinguished clinically and that they have a good prognosis. PMID- 60569 TI - Oestrogen receptors in human malignant melanoma. AB - 16 of 35 patients (46%) with malignant melanoma were found to have cytoplasmic oestrogen-receptor activity in biopsy specimens. OEstrogen-receptor activity was detected in primary lesions, lymph-node metastases, skin metastases, and visceral metastases. Equal percentages of males and females had positive assays. Scatchard analysis of binding in one case was consistent with a single class of high affinity receptor sites. PMID- 60570 TI - Cotrimoxazole and folate metabolism. AB - Cotrimoxazole 4 tablets daily (1 tablet = trimethoprim 80 mg and sulphamethoxzole 400 mg) was given for a period of six to fourteen days to 13 inpatients, and serum-folate levels were measured before and one day after the course of treatment. The results were compared with those from 8 patients not receiving antibacterial therapy, tested on admission and one week later. Two assay techniques were used, one employing Lactobacillus casei and the other 125I labelled folate isotope dilution. The microbiological technique showed a significant decline in folic-acid levels in the serum after cotrimoxazole, and this decline was not seen in controls. By contrast, the radioisotope technique showed no significant alteration in serum-folate levels compared with controls. This suggests that cotrimoxazole does not depress true serum-folate and that many low microbiological results obtained during cotrimoxazole therapy reflect interference with the assay organism. There is insufficient evidence to incriminate cotrimoxazole as a significant cause of blood dyscrasias in excess of those which might occur on sulphonamide alone or even with other antibacterials. PMID- 60571 TI - Visualisation of thrombi with technetium-99m urokinase. A negative report. AB - Direct imaging of thrombi with isotopically labelled agents would provide a convenient atraumatic method of diagnosing deep venous thrombosis. Urokinase labelled with technectium-99m has many theoretical advantages and successful use of this agent has been reported. A method for tagging urokinase with Tc-99m has been developed which preserves the clot-lysing ability of the urokinase. The thrombus imaging previously reported has not been duplicated. PMID- 60572 TI - Effect of low-dose subcutaneous heparin on whole-blood viscosity. AB - The change in blood-viscosity at low shear-rates (0.77 s-1 and 2-62 s-1 was measured in eighteen normal subjects and postoperatively in sixteen patients after administration of 5000 I.U. of subcutaneous heparin. In both groups there was a significant decrease in the mean blood-viscosity 4 to 6 hours after the injection of heparin. This fall in blood-viscosity may be involved in the prophylactic effect of low-dose subcutaneous heparin in preventing venous thrombosis. PMID- 60573 TI - Correction of hypocalcaemic symptoms during plasma exchange. AB - The supplementation of replacement solutions used during plasma exchange with calcium gluconate prevents hypocalcaemic symptoms. PMID- 60574 TI - Mechanisms by which amniotic-fluid alpha-fetoprotein may be increased in fetal abnormalities. AB - Assuming that urination is the principle route by which alpha-fetoprotein (A.F.P.) passes into the amniotic fluid from the normal fetus, and that A.F.P. is mainly degraded by a process of fetal swallowing and digestion, 4 possible mechanisms by which amniotic-fluid A.F.P. is increased by fetal abnormalities are postulated.(1) Amniotic-fluid A.F.P. is increased in open neural-tube defects by leakage of A.F.P. from fetal serum and cerebrospinal fluid.(2) In exomphalos exposure of blood-vessels in the extruding viscera permits transudation of A.F.P. into the amniotic fluid.(3) In nephrosis, fetal proteinuria increases amniotic fluid A.F.P.(4) Impaired fetal swallowing or digestion would account for increased amniotic-fluid A.F.P. in congenital malformations of the orogastrointestinal tract. PMID- 60575 TI - Cause of analgesic-induced renal papillary necrosis. AB - It is proposed that analgesic-induced papillary necrosis is due to a progressive narrowing of small blood-vessels of the renal papilla and renal pelvis. PMID- 60576 TI - A modified laryngoscope for female sterilisation. PMID- 60577 TI - Editorial: Immunostimulation. PMID- 60578 TI - Editorial: Pulmonary oedema. PMID- 60579 TI - Editorial: The right to prescribe. PMID- 60580 TI - Editorial: Brain operations in upright patients. PMID- 60582 TI - Editorial: Top of the pops. PMID- 60581 TI - Editorial: The leukaemic death. PMID- 60583 TI - Predicting progression of acute type-B hepatitis to chronicity. PMID- 60584 TI - Tuberculosis in the Potteries 1971-74. AB - Notification rates of all forms of tuberculosis have increased in all age-groups in the Potteries, in a stable population which includes only a small immigrant community. The increase is greatest in both males and females over the age of 65 years and under 15 years. High notification rates have been recorded in workers in the pottery and mining industries and were unrelated to pneumoconiosis. Discrepancies have been found between the numbers of notified cases and the numbers of laboratory isolates of tubercle bacilli, particularly in cases of non respiratory disease. This indicates that not all proven cases of tuberculosis are notified. The study has revealed serious deficiencies in the contact-tracing procedure in certain areas of the Potteries consequent upon the closure and reorganisation of outlying chest clinics. PMID- 60585 TI - Letter: Treatment of paracetamol overdose. PMID- 60586 TI - Letter: Emergency estimation of plasma-paracetamol. PMID- 60587 TI - Letter: Dangers of T.C.D.D. PMID- 60588 TI - Letter: Culture of M. leprae with help of desiccated thyroid. PMID- 60589 TI - Letter: Hot flushes and oestrogen therapy. PMID- 60590 TI - Letter: Treatment of early cancer of the breast. PMID- 60591 TI - Letter: Preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer. PMID- 60592 TI - Letter: Chemicals in the fire. PMID- 60593 TI - Letter: Screening for neonatal hypothyroidism. PMID- 60594 TI - Letter: False-negative meconium tests for cystic fibrosis. PMID- 60595 TI - Letter: Chronic non-specific endometritis. PMID- 60596 TI - Letter: Induction of hepatic cortisol-6-hydroxylase by rifampicin. PMID- 60597 TI - Letter: Metronidazole and acne. PMID- 60598 TI - Letter: Simplified laboratory test for multiple sclerosis. PMID- 60599 TI - Letter: Secondary haemorrhage after renal transplantation. PMID- 60600 TI - Letter: Hypoglycaemia in propranolol-treated dialysis patients. PMID- 60601 TI - Letter: Septic thrombophlebitis of the coronary sinus in aucte bacterial endocarditis. PMID- 60602 TI - Letter: Lung involvement of 'verdone'. PMID- 60603 TI - Letter: Prosthetic mesocaval shunts in portal hypertension. PMID- 60604 TI - Letter: Cadmium and hypertension. PMID- 60605 TI - Letter: Prescribing in general practice. PMID- 60606 TI - Letter: Prenatal sex-hormone exposure and congenital limb-reduction defects. PMID- 60607 TI - Letter: Thyroid cancer and therapy with 131I. PMID- 60608 TI - Letter: Blood-lead and domestic-water lead. PMID- 60609 TI - Letter: Tight-fisted analgesia. PMID- 60610 TI - Letter: Varicose veins in developing countries. PMID- 60611 TI - Letter: Prenatal diagnosis, stillbirths, and the macerated fetus. PMID- 60612 TI - Letter: Transvaginal approach for sampling of fetal blood. PMID- 60613 TI - Letter: B lymphocyte precursors in bone-marrow in immunoglobulin deficiency diseases. PMID- 60614 TI - Letter: Probenecid in chondrocalcinosis articularis. PMID- 60615 TI - Letter: Benzothiadiazides and neonatal hypoglycaemia. PMID- 60616 TI - Letter: Infantile spasms and cytomegalovirus infection. PMID- 60617 TI - John Richardson Marrack. PMID- 60618 TI - Letter: Immune complexes in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 60619 TI - Transformation of lymphocytes from patients awaiting cadaver renal transplants. AB - The response of lymphocytes from prospective kidney transplant recipients to inactivated donor lymphocytes (one-way mixed-lymphocyte reaction (M.L.R.)) and to phytohaemagglutinin (P.H.A. response) was measured before transplantation of cadaver kidney allografts in 78 and 75 cases respectively. M.L.R. results from patients whose grafts had failed within 3 or 6 months compared with M.L.R. results from patients whose grafts continued to function at the same times showed only slight differences irrespective of whether the data was expressed as a relative response or a mitotic index. Because of the large overlap in values, it was concluded that the M.L.R. test was of limited value in predicting graft prognosis. Pretransplantation P.H.A. responses from patients whose grafts failed within 3 or 6 months were significantly different from those shown by patients whose grafts remained functioning at those times. It is suggested that lymphocyte responsiveness to P.H.A. before transplantation may be of value in predicting the fate of renal allografts. PMID- 60620 TI - Protein and calorie malnutrition, cell-mediated immunity, and B.C.G. vaccination in children from rural West Bengal. AB - After B.C.G. vaccination of a group of tuberculin-negative children in West Bengal, India, 197 have been retested with tuberculin. 35-5% showed a definitely positive reaction. Only 15% showed no response to B.C.G. When compared by weight for age, the rate of positivity of those below 60% of the Harvard standard was significantly lower than of those above 80%. Those between 60 and 80% were similar to those above 80%. However, when the group was subdivided according to protein and calorie nutrition as measured by arm muscle and fat cross-sectional areas, the difference was striking. The tuberculin-test response was grossly impaired in those who were primarily severely protein deficient (kwashiorkor type), significantly depressed in those who were both severely protein and severely calorie deficient (marasmic-washiorkor type), and not depressed in those who were severely calorie deficient but normal or low in protein (marasmic type). It is suggested that clear distinction between different types of nutritional deficiency in a given geographic area is of direct relevance in planning mass vaccination programmes in that area. PMID- 60621 TI - Host responses to hepatitis-B infection in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma and their families. A case/control study in Senegal, West Africa. AB - A case/control study of patients with primary hepatic carcinoma (P.H.C.) and their families was carried out in Dakar, Senegal. 28 P.H.C. cases were matched by age,sex, and ethnic group with 28 controls. Serum was collected from cases, controls, parents (28 mothers, 27 fathers) of cases, parents of controls, 71 siblings of cases, and 58 siblings of controls. Assays of their sera for hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibody to hepatitis-B core antigen (anti-HBc) produced the following results. (1) Nearly all P.H.C. cases (97%) and controls (93%) had some evidence of infection with hepatitis-B virus (H.B.V.), but the cases were more likely to be anti-HBc(+) and less likely to be anti-HBs(+) than the controls. (2) Most of the mothers of the cases were HBsAg(+) (71%), whereas only 14% of the mothers of controls were HBsAg(+). Lover titres of anti-HBs were less common in the mothers of the cases. (3) None of 27 fathers of cases had detectable anti-HBs, but 13 (48%) of the fathers of controls were anti-HBs(+). (4) Siblings of the P.H.C. cases were more likely to have anti-HBs than either their sibs with P.H.C. or the sibs of the controls. However, sibs of P.H.C. cases had lower titres of anti-HBs than the sibs of the controls. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the P.H.C. cases were infected with H.B.V. by their mothers and that there was an environmental factor which affected the immunological response of all family members to H.B.V. Infection with H.B.V. and the mode of response to that infection among members of families appear to be major factors in the aetiology of P.H.C. in West Africa. PMID- 60622 TI - Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A preliminary trial of oral zinc supplementation was conducted in twenty-four patients with chronic, refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Zinc sulphate (220 mg three times daily) or placebo capsules of identical appearance were added to pre existing therapy for 12 wk. This double-blind trial was followed by an open 12-wk period when all subjects took zinc. During the double-blind phase, zinc-treated patients fared better than controls with regard to joint swelling, morning stiffness, walking time, and the patient's own impression of overall disease activity. The indices and joint tenderness also improved with zinc treatment in both groups of subjects during the second 12-wk period. These encouraging results indicate that oral zinc sulphate deserves futher study in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 60623 TI - Correction of abnormal coagulation in chronic liver disease by combined use of fresh-frozen plasma and prothrombin complex concentrates. AB - The effect on abnormal coagulation tests of infusions of fresh-frozen plasma (F.F.P), prothrombin complex concentrates, and a combination of these treatments was compared in 30 patients with chronic liver disease undergoing needle biopsy. A single dose of F.F.P. (12 ml/kg body-weight) was found to be the least effective therapeutic regimen. The concentrate containing factors II, IX, and X was also not adequate, but the additional administration of factor-VII concentrate corrected the prothrombin-time (P.T.) and "Normotest" (N.T.) in most patients. However, this regimen did not correct the prolonged kaolin activated partial thromboplastin-time (K.P.T.T.). The results of tests for exploring both the extrinsic (P.T. and N.T.) and intrinsic (K.P.T.T.) coagulation systems only became normal after the combined administration of a lower dose of F.F.P. (8 ml/kg body-weight) and of both concentrates (12 units/ml). There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of thrombotic complications. No patient developed acute hepatitis or hepatitis-B surface antigen in the twelve months after biopsy. These results indicate that prothrombin-complex concentrates in combination with F.F.P. may therefore be used to allow liver biopsy to be performed safely in patients presenting with severe coagulation defects. PMID- 60624 TI - An augmented Schilling test in the diagnosis of pernicious anaemia. AB - A patient with otherwise typical addisonian pernicious anaemia and serum anti intrinsic-factor antibody failed to respond to oral intrinsic factor on repeated testing during three years of therapy with parenteral vitamin B 12. There was no evidence of generalised malaborption. To test the hypothesis that binding of intrinsic factor to gut secretory antibody was responsible, an "augmented" Schilling test was devised using eight times the usual dose of intrinsic factor. This increased dose of intrinsic factor resulted in normal absorption of the test dose of vitamin B 12 confirming the diagnosis. It is suggested that the augmented Schilling test may be useful in the diagnosis of the occasional patient with features of pernicious anaemia who fails to respond to conventional doses of intrinsic factor in the Schilling test. PMID- 60625 TI - Interaction of HLA molecules with non-immunological ligands as an explanation of HLA and disease associations. AB - It is postulated that alloantigens (HLA in particular) may interfere with ligand/receptor interactions not directly involved in immune reactions. This interference may be regarded as a side-effect of the creation of new mutant HLA alleles which are maintained in the population for other reasons. As an example, it is suggested that some HLA molecules may have structures resembling those on receptors for certain hormones which could cause competition between HLA and receptor molecules for the hormone. Facilitation of ligand/receptor interaction may also be envisaged. Such interactions could under certain conditions lead to disease and might explain some associations between HLA and non-immunological diseases (e.g., manic-depressive disease and haemachromatosis). PMID- 60626 TI - Editorial: Beta-blockers for hypertension. PMID- 60627 TI - Editorial: The invisible worm. PMID- 60628 TI - Editorial: Testing for hydatid disease. PMID- 60629 TI - Editorial: Psoriatic arthritis. PMID- 60630 TI - Editorial: Pregnancy after oral contraception. PMID- 60631 TI - Editorial: Temporary gluten intolerance. PMID- 60632 TI - History-taking for medical students. I-Deficiencies in performance. AB - A videotape analysis of histories conducted by 50 senior medical students was carried out to assess their history-taking skills. As predicted, serious deficiencies (similar to those evident in inexperienced medical students) were found. It is argued that traditional methods of clinical training fail to equip medical students with adequate history-taking skills. They should be given a more appropriate history-taking scheme, the opportunity to practice this under conditions of direct observation within strict time-limits, and detailed feedback about their performance. PMID- 60633 TI - History-taking for medical students. II-Evaluation of a training programme. AB - Two experiments designed to evaluate a programme for training medical students in history-taking skills were carried out. Results of the first indicate that students who underwent the programme reported almost three times as much relevant and accurate information after a test interview as those who received only traditional training. Results of the second experiment suggest that most of the programme's effect is attributable to discussion of a printed handout which presents the student with a detailed scheme for taking histories. PMID- 60634 TI - Human sexuality and medical education. PMID- 60635 TI - Dopamine and schizophrenia. AB - The antipsychotic actions and extra-pyramidal side-effects of neuroleptic drugs are strongly correlated with their ability to block central dopaminergic transmission. It is argued that the former are more closely related to actions on dopaminergic mechanisms in the "mesolimbic dopamine" system, and the latter to similar actions in the striatum. Although the amphetamine psychosis closely resembles paranoid schizophrenia and may be due to excess dopamine release, clinical, biochemical, and endocrine studies suggest that dopaminergic overactivity is not a necessary concomitant of schizophrenic illnesses. It is suggested that the primary defect in schizophrenia does not lie in the dopamine neuron. It remains to be excluded that the receptors, particularly in the mesolimbic dopamine areas, become supersensitive, or that there is a deficit in a system which normally acts in antiagonism to the to the mesolimbic dopamine system. PMID- 60636 TI - Medical manpower. PMID- 60637 TI - Letter: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 60639 TI - Letter: Unrecognised myocardial infarction. PMID- 60638 TI - Letter: Prevention of coronary heart-disease. PMID- 60640 TI - Letter: Elisa: A replacement for radioimmunoassays? PMID- 60641 TI - Letter: Islet-cell hyperplasia and sudden infant death. PMID- 60642 TI - Letter: Diagnosis of pyloric stenosis. PMID- 60643 TI - Letter: Psychosis in patient on bromocriptine and levodopa with carbidopa. PMID- 60644 TI - Letter: K cells in leukaemia. PMID- 60645 TI - Letter: Visualisation of thrombi with technetium-99m urokinase. PMID- 60646 TI - Letter: HLA antigens in ulcerative colitis. PMID- 60647 TI - Letter: Low-dose heparin in total hip replacement. PMID- 60648 TI - Letter: Atypical measles encephalitis in leukaemic children in remission. PMID- 60649 TI - Letter: Cause of early death in acute leukaemia. PMID- 60650 TI - Letter: Modified laryngoscope for female sterilisation. PMID- 60651 TI - Letter: Onion, garlic, and atherosclerosis. PMID- 60652 TI - Letter: Cultivation of viral agents from Crohn's disease. PMID- 60653 TI - Letter: Failure of aspirin to reverse intestinal secretion after cholera toxin in dogs. PMID- 60654 TI - Letter: Behaviour of e antigen and antibody during chronic active liver disease. PMID- 60655 TI - Letter: E antigen: prognostic marker in acute viral hepatitis B? PMID- 60656 TI - Letter: Decreasing frequency of e antigen with age in serum of symptom-free carriers of hepatitis B antigen. PMID- 60657 TI - Letter: Cyclic G.M.P. excretion and hepatoma. PMID- 60659 TI - Letter: Natural family planning. PMID- 60658 TI - Letter: Inhibition of phytohaemagglutinin transformation by serum of patients with fulminant viral hepatitis. PMID- 60660 TI - Letter: Pulmonary oedema. PMID- 60661 TI - Letter: Amitriptyline therapy in patients with anorexia nervosa. PMID- 60662 TI - Letter: Gentamicin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 60663 TI - Letter: Interaction between gentamicin and cephalothin as cause of acute renal failure. PMID- 60664 TI - Letter: Interference with gentamicin assay by heat-labile serum factor. PMID- 60665 TI - Letter: Automated test for bacteriuria. PMID- 60666 TI - Letter: Pasteurella and pets. PMID- 60667 TI - Letter: Quantitative throat-swab culture. PMID- 60668 TI - Letter: Pressure in Sengstaken tubes. PMID- 60669 TI - Letter: Breast-feeding in Harrow. PMID- 60670 TI - Letter: Rising rates of congenital dislocation of the hip? PMID- 60671 TI - Letter: Paracetamol test kit. PMID- 60672 TI - Letter: Neutrophil function and myeloperoxidase activity in inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 60673 TI - Letter: Autoimmunity to glucagon in a diabetic not on insulin. PMID- 60674 TI - Letter: Abnormal blood viscosity in Raynaud's phenomenon. PMID- 60675 TI - Letter: Hospital care for the elderly. PMID- 60676 TI - Letter: Contamination of cigarettes and pipe tobacco by cadmium-oxide dust. PMID- 60677 TI - Letter: Fine cotton thread method of lacrimation. PMID- 60678 TI - Letter: Fetal response to drug withdrawal. PMID- 60679 TI - Letter: Ondine's curse. PMID- 60680 TI - Letter: Immune complexes in kidneys of rats treated with antiserum to luteinising hormone. PMID- 60681 TI - Letter: One-hour blood-xylose test in diagnosis of cow's-milk allergy. PMID- 60682 TI - [Experimental studies on the reaction of the immunological system during chronic otitis media and about the course of this disease (author's transl)]. AB - During chronic otitis media intact immunoglobulins are split due to the proteolytic activity of extracellular bacterial proteinases into fragments of different molecular weight. The most malignant bacterial proteinases are the proteinases of pseudomonas aeruginosa (pyrocyanea). These proteinases can only be inhibited by alpha-2-macroblobulin of human blood serum. Because of its high molecular weight we find this inhibitor only in a very low concentration in the middle ear secretion. The destruction of the immunoglobulins is certainly one of the factors of weakening the immunological system in the middle ear. The inhibitory system with alpha-1-antitrypsin, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin is unable to inhibit these bacterial proteinases of pseudomonas aeruginosa. The only possibility to get a high concentration of alpha 2-macroglobulin in the middle ear secretion is the liberation of this inhibitory by injuring blood vessels during a tympanoplasty. By this procedure the proteinases of pseudomonas aeruginosa with maximum activity at pH 7.8 and with a high proteolytic activity are almost completely inhibited. By blocking these proteinases combined with an appropriate antibiotic therapy and with the reconstruction of the destroyed parts of the middle ear by a tympanoplasty we can produce a preponderance of the immunological system as compared with the proteolytic activity of the proteinases. This high proteolytic activity can be a cause of the destruction of the small processes of the ossicular bones, especially of the lenticular process of incus. In order to demonstrate that there are proteolytic splitting processes of intact immunoglobulins, a quantitative analysis of the immunoglbulins IgG, IgA and IgM was done pre- and postoperatively. By these studies we found postoperatively a much higher level of intact immunoglobulins, particulary in cases of chronic otitis media associated with cholesteatoma. The blocking of the proteinases and the increase of the level of intact immunoglobulins combined with the reconstruction of physiological conditions in the chronically inflamed middle ear by a tympanoplasty lead to a stabilsation of the immunological and inhibitory system and create the prerequisites for a healing process in chronic otitis media. It is the purpose of further studies to learn about the capability of the split-products of the immunoglobulines to attach and to absorb antigens and toxins during a chronic inflammation in the middle ear. PMID- 60683 TI - [About some changes of the vocal cord mucosa and of Reinke's Subepithelial space (author's transl)]. AB - The mechanical irritation alone or in combination with an inflammatory component and fragility of blood vessels plays the decisive role in the development of some vocal cord morphological changes. The duration of the mechanical irritation modifies the clinical picture. The plase of the strongest physiological mechanical irritation is the place of localization of the vocal cord morphological changes. The histological picture of different pathomorphological vocal cord changes is almost identical, this being the consequence of the specific structure of Reinke's subepithelial space. The treatment of all these morphological entities is surgical by means of microlaryngoscopy, except in cases of recent nodules which respond to conservative phoniatric therapy in the majority of cases. PMID- 60684 TI - [Subepithelial changes in simple leukoplakic hyperplasia of the laryngeal mucosa (author's transl)]. AB - Subepithelial changes in hyperplasia of the laryngeal mucosa consist in edema and cellular inflammatory reaction. 150 cases of epithelial hyperplasia without atypia have been investigated histologically in regard to these subepithelial changes. The cases were subdivided into 3 categories, according to the degree of hyperplasia. The degree of inflammatory reaction in the subepithelial compartment also was classfied into 3 groups. A, B and C. There was evidence of a positive correlation between the increase in the epithelial hyperplasia and the increase of a positive correlation between the increase in the inflammatory process in the subepithelial layer. It could not be decided, which one of these two pathological changes was primary and which secondary. The therapy, however, should aim at both, epithelial proliferation, as well as, subepithelial inflammation. PMID- 60685 TI - [Limits of conservative treatment of prostatic adenoma and possibilities of its prevention]. PMID- 60686 TI - Early assessment and prevention of sociocultural deprivation in infancy. AB - The Bayley Infant Scales are used to diagnose early socio-cultural deprivation. It seems to be possible to observe early syndromes of pure environmental stress, as against syndromes of neurological damage, as well as syndromes of mixed traumatisation. There are also types of inadequate mothers in the low and lowest socio-cultural milieu who produce typical behavioral deficiencies in organically healthy infants. On the basis of a Scalogram Analysis of the Bayley Scales a structured stimulation technique has been designed which can be easily taught to and administered by professionals, semiprofessionals, volunteers and the parents themselves. Some case histories are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the diagnostic and intervention procedures. PMID- 60687 TI - Development, validation and dissemination of instructional materials: an analysis. AB - This paper describes the activities of SIMO (Self-Instructional Materials in Ophthalmology), a 2-year project to develop four slide/tape units and one videocassette in basic ophthalmology for medical students. The background of the project, some observations regarding pitfalls in the developmental process, data on product evaluation, and factors in effective dissemination are presented. Instructional effectiveness was documented using measures of knowledge, skill in recognizing abnormalities, and performance of diagnostic and management techniques. PMID- 60688 TI - The value of self-test items in tape--slide instruction. AB - Two tape-slide sequences in general pathology were used in an experiment to assess the value of self-test items and to determine whether it is better to intersperse the self-test items in the programme or place them all at the end of the sequence. The programmes were presented to a random sample of thirty-six students from a class of 149 in one of three forms: version 1, tape-slide programme without self-test items; version 2, tape-slide programme with self-test items interspersed between sections of the sequence; and version 3, tape-slide programme with all self-test items at the end of the sequence. Each student worked a pre-test before studying versions 1, 2 or 3 of a programme. A week later they worked through the post-test which was identical to the pre-test. At the same time they filled in a short attitude questionnaire on the teaching method. All students learned from the programmes. There was improvement in the post-test on the mean pre-test scores for all versions of both programmes. For one programme there was no significant difference between the mean post-test scores for students studying versions 1, 2 or 3, but for the other programme there was a significant difference between the versions. In this case the inclusion of self test items was better for learning than no self-test items, and it was better if the self-test items were placed at the end of the sequence. A highly favourable attitude to the method is reported. PMID- 60689 TI - An evaluation of solochrome cyanine R.S. as a nuclear stain similar to haematoxylin. PMID- 60690 TI - A rapid, reliable modification of Mallory's phosphotungstic acid haematoxylin (PTAH) method for astrocytes using Susa fixative as a mordant. PMID- 60691 TI - A simplified Prussian blue technique. PMID- 60692 TI - [Immunochemistry of blood plasma. II]. PMID- 60693 TI - [ Immunochemistry of the blood plasma. Part III]. PMID- 60694 TI - Indium-111 bleomycin tumor scanning in lymphoma. AB - A new radiopharmaceutical, indium-111 labeled bleomycin (IB), was evaluated as a tumor-imaging agent in 55 patients with lymphoma. Overall disease activity was correctly identified in 79% of 75 whole-body scan obtained 48 hours after intravenous administration of IB. Serial scans in 19 patients accurately reflected changes in their disease status. Lymphatic and soft tissues sites of involvement both above and below the diaphragm were most readily identified by scanning. Bone marrow and hepatic involvements were more difficult to detect because of normal tissue background in the considered organs. Five patients manifested diffuse pulmonary uptake of IB and only in one case was it explained. To determine the accuracy of scanning with IB, we evaluated 731 individual sites of potential tumor involvement with these results: true positives 90%, false negatives 10%, false positives 4%, and true negatives 96%. Thus, tumor scanning with indium-111 bleomycin is an important new technique for the initial staging and serial evaluation of patients with lymphoma. PMID- 60695 TI - Serum vitamin B12-binding proteins in a case of eosinophilic leukemia. AB - A patient with subacute eosinophilic leukemia is presented, with full recognition of the controversy surrounding that entity. Serum vitamin B12 and B12-binding protein studies and simultaneous complete blood counts were done before and during 6 months of high-dose, intermittent combination chemotherapy. The patient presented with extremely high levels of serum vitamin B12, unsaturated B12 binding capacity, and transcobalamin I, all of which resembled the highest values seen in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Serial studies, during and after remission induction, showed a precipitous fall of serum vitamin B12 and unsaturated B12 binding capacity to normal levels. The data show that transcobalamin I levels, which eventually reached low-normal range, correlate best with the level of circulating and bone marrow eosinophils. Transcobalamin II and serum third binder appeared to be normal throughout the patient's course. The B12-binding protein abnormalities are not considered diagnostic of eosinophilic leukemia. PMID- 60696 TI - Artifacts induced by glutaraldehyde fixation of ribosomal particles. PMID- 60697 TI - [Inoculation for tourism (author's transl)]. AB - The inoculations prescribed or recommended by the authorities responsible on the basis of the International Health Regulations for international tourism are first discussed and the contraindications gone into. Then some inoculations or measures for specific prophylaxis are presented for which there are no international regulations, but which have a particular significance from the point of view of tourism. These are inoculations against poliomyelitis, tetanus, typhoid fever and prophylaxis of hepatitis A with conventional gamma globulin. PMID- 60698 TI - [Hepatitis: an international problem (author's transl)]. AB - Three kinds of virus hepatitis are recognized today: hepatitis A, B, and "non A nonB". Hepatitis A is transmitted mainly by the anal-oral route, hepatitis B and probably also the third form of hepatitis principally by direct inoculation or close physical contact. Normal human immune serum globulin protects against hepatitis A, but only gives limited protection against hepatitis B and "non A-non B" hepatitis. Special immune serum globulin provides better protection but it is only available in small quantities and should be reserved for direct inoculation only. Vaccines for active immunization against hepatitis A and "non A- non B" hepatitis have not yet been developed and active immunization against hepatitis B with HBs-Ag is still in the experimental stage. PMID- 60699 TI - [Incidence of viral hepatitis in travelers in the tropics. Experiences with gamma globulin prophylaxis (author's transl)]. AB - The occurrence of virus hepatitis during their residence was determined in 2755 persons returning from the tropics in 1975. The incidence was particularly high in those returning from India, Pakistan and Afghanistan. There was also a greater risk of the disease for travelers in Ethiopia, the countries on the West coast of Africa and some South American States. On the average, persons returning form the tropics fell ill 10 times more frequently with virus hepatitis during their residence in the tropics than in the Federal Republic. Particularly endangered occupational groups were the staffs of the health services and the social workers. Immunization with gamma globulins prevented an attack of virus hepatitis in all cases for a period of 4-6 months. Later, the effect of the immunization could no longer be established. PMID- 60700 TI - [The effect of antimycotic drugs on porphyrin metabolism]. PMID- 60701 TI - The major histocompatibility complex--genetics and biology. (First of three parts). PMID- 60702 TI - The major histocompatibility complex--genetics and biology (second of three parts). PMID- 60703 TI - [Degradation scheme of lindane based on experimental data]. PMID- 60704 TI - [Degradation of 14C-lindane by a mold culture]. AB - The metabolism of 14C-lindane, its short-lived main metabolite gamma-2,3,4,5,6 pentachlorocyclogexene and penta-/hexachlorobenzene was followed in a mould culture after 6, 17, 30 and 52 days. The distribution in the culture medium was also investigated. PMID- 60705 TI - [In vitro behavior of 14C-lindane in blood]. AB - Almost 55% of lindane (gamma-HCH) which had been applied in vitro are removed by simple hexane extraction of the blood; if blood fractions are extracted, a total rate of 95% results. The partition of gamma-HCH between the plasma and the erythrocytes is approximately I:I; when HCH erythrocytes are incubated in fresh plasma, almost 60% of erythrocyte HCH pass into the plasma. The erythrocytes absorb nearly 90% of the HCH contained in an aqueous medium. Haemolysis showed that HCH is most probably transferred through the membrane. The partition of HCH between the cytoplasm and the membrane fraction ranges from 3:7 to 7:3. TCA precipitates almost 90% of erythrocyte HCH together with the protein. The absorbing capacity of the erythrocytes could be followed up to nearly 0.4-10( 6)M/ml of blood. Cadmium increases, lead decreases the binding of HCH to the erythrocytes; mercury and ethanol exert but small effects. PMID- 60706 TI - [Lead content of vegetable foods in vicinity of lead emitting industry]. AB - By means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the authors determined the lead content in vegetable, fruit and soil samples from the environments of a lead smelting plant. The lead values obtained were some 10- to 100-fold higher than those found normally. The mean lead content in vegetables varied from 2 to 150 p.p.m. in dry matter; that in fruits, from 4 to 35 p.p.m. Lead concentrations ranging from 575 to 2900 p.p.m. were detected in the soil samples. The mean lead content in the atmosphere was between 0.62 and 0.95 mug/m3 (maximum value 12 mug/m3). From these data it was calculated that the total resorption of lead from vegetables, fruits, potatoes and air varied from 0.04 to 0.49 mg/day in the territory under investigation. To protect the population against increased intake of lead, it is recommended to abandon individual and commercial vegetable and fruit growing, especially leaf vegetables. Since the contamination of the soil persists for generations, the authors discuss its replacement by non-contaminated surface soil. PMID- 60707 TI - gag Gene of mammalian type-C RNA tumour viruses. AB - The translation product of the gag gene of mammalian type-c- RNA viruses is a 65,000-68,000 molecular weight precursor polypeptide (Pr65) whose cleavage leads to the formation of four virion proteins, p30, p15, p12 and p10. An immunological approach has been used to establish the arrangement of the sequences coding for these proteins within the viral genome as (5') p15-p12-p30-p10 (3'). PMID- 60708 TI - ABO blood group determinants with branched cores. PMID- 60709 TI - Distribution of beta2 microglobulin and HLA in chorionic villi of human placentae. PMID- 60710 TI - Human milk samples from different ethnic groups contain RNase that inhibits, and plasma membrane that stimulates, reverse transcription. PMID- 60711 TI - Role of plasma membranes in stimulation of RNA-directed DNA synthesis. PMID- 60712 TI - [Formation of cellular structures and interneuronal connections in an organotypic culture of newborn mouse hippocampal tissue]. AB - The cytoarchitectonic structures and fibres pathways of the newborn mouse hippocampus were studied in vitro. After 2-3 weeks in vitro it was possible to see on transverse slices of the hippocampus main fascicles (alvear tract, perforant path, axons of granular cells) and cytoarchitectonic formations (pyramidal cell layer of hippocampus, infra- and supra-pyramidal lymbs of dentate gyrus granular cells). The postnatal processes of histogenesis are suggested to result in subsequent differentiation of the cytoarchitectonic formations and in the systemic growth of nerve fibres in the hippocampus explants. Thus, organo typic explants of the hippocampus represent a useful model systems for electrophysiological studies in systemic interneuronal connections formed de novo as a result of postnatal development in vitro. PMID- 60713 TI - Uridine kinase: properties, biological significance and chemotherapeutic aspects (a review). PMID- 60714 TI - The effect of brain stem lesions on vasomotor nerves and the smooth muscle of the cerebral arteries--a morphological study. PMID- 60715 TI - Growth hormone and prolactin secretion of pituitary adenoma. PMID- 60716 TI - Radioimmunoassay of astroprotein (an astrocyte-specific cerebroprotein) in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with glioma. A preliminary study. PMID- 60718 TI - Prediction of reattacks following rupture of intracranial aneurysms. PMID- 60717 TI - Lysosomal enzymes and dibutyryl 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate: basic and clinical studies on lysosomal enzyme activities in glioma tissues and glial cells. PMID- 60719 TI - Cervical sympathectomy for cerebral vasospasm after aneurysm rupture. PMID- 60720 TI - Fibrin and fibrinogen degradation products in chronic subdural hematoma. PMID- 60721 TI - Experimental primary fatal head injury caused by linear acceleration- biomechanics and pathogenesis. PMID- 60722 TI - Clinical prediction of prognosis of coma. PMID- 60723 TI - Quantitative measurement of the ability of human chromophobe adenomas to synthesize and release human growth hormone. PMID- 60724 TI - A clinico-physiological study of visually evoked potential (VEP) and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) in so-called vegetative state and delta coma. PMID- 60725 TI - The circulatory disturbance of spinal cord injury and its response to local cooling therapy. PMID- 60726 TI - A technique of strengthened anterior fusion of the cervical spine. PMID- 60727 TI - The development of the blood-CSF barrier after birth. AB - The serum/CSF concentration ratio of alpha-2-macroglobulin is used as parameter to follow the development of the blood-CSF barrier throughout childhood. The decline of the protein permeability within the first year of life has all characteristics of a maturation process. The tightening of the barrier is thought to be the last stage of a continuous developmental process of capillaries. It is accompanied by a compositional shift in favour of small molecular serum proteins. PMID- 60728 TI - Protein patterns of the cerebrospinal fluid in children with cerebral palsy. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid in 69 children with cerebral palsy (CP) of different etiology was examined by an improved method of agarose-gel electrophoresis. The protein pattern was normal in 12 cases only. In children with CP caused by congenital and postnatal infections raised psi-globulin fractions and the appearance of oligoclonal phi-globulin bands were the most obvious finding. In patients with CP due to malformations or perinatal brain damage and in children with CP of unknown etiology decreased prealbumin and increased albumin values were combined with hydrocephalus e vacuo in about half of the cases. Less frequent changes of the beta-globulin fractions were found, an increase of the beta-fraction being more rare than a decrease of the tau-globulin. PMID- 60729 TI - Neurological and developmental findings in children with optic disc drusen. AB - In ophthalmoscopy, optic disc drusen often bear a fallacious resemblance to true papilloedema and some of those affected have neurological disorders. Adequate realization among neuropaediatricians of the relation between drusen and these disorders may save some children from neuroradiological and neurosurgical investigations, often considered unavoidable for exclusion of an intracranial process. Systematic evaluation in a series of 50 children with optic disc drusen showed that neurological disorders are common even in subjects brought to examination for other reasons than neurological symptoms. The findings showed accumulation into two subgroups. There was a group of 15 clumsy children with learning difficulties and delayed development of speech. Another group consisted of 20 children with sudden convulsions and/or headache and vomiting, and with EEG abnormalities but otherwise normal neurological findings. In addition, there were a subgroup with miscellaneous abnormalities and a minor group of children in whom no abnormalities were found except for the eye anomaly. PMID- 60730 TI - The glioarchitectonics of the chicken optic nerve--Golgi study and electron microscopy-. PMID- 60731 TI - A survey of dental radiology evaluation in American dental schools. AB - The variety of evaluation methods used in American dental schools illustrates that little uniformity exists. Only through a continuing program of evaluation can the strengths and weaknesses of any course be identified. Few generalizations can be made that are valid for all dental schools; this suggests that each school and its faculty members utilize methods of evaluation that are developed on a local level. The lack of uniformity in the evaluation process of the schools surveyed may also serve as an indicator for the lack of uniformaty of cirriculum. Development of clearly defined objectives would be beneficial in establishing reliable methods of evaluation. When such evaluations are analyzed, the need for changes in the curriculum becomes apparent. It should be noted that with every change, whether it be in the students, the faculty, or the cirriculum, a new evaluation becomes necessary. PMID- 60732 TI - Allergic diseases of the nose and middle ear in children. PMID- 60733 TI - Moths and butterflies. PMID- 60734 TI - The rule of the Ws. PMID- 60735 TI - Absence of an alpha two-macroglobulin-protease complex in cystic fibrosis. AB - The present study using immunologic methodology confirms previous observations from this laboratory of an absence of a protease component with arginine esterase activity in plasma of patients with cystic fibrosis. In this study, the pooled plasma from control individuals was activated and partially purified after adsorption on columns of soybean trypsin inhibitor conjugated to Sepharose 4B followed by elution with benzamidine. The fraction was further purified by isoelectrofocusing on polyacrylamide gels. Proteins around the pI range of 5.5 were eluted and utilized to prepare an antiserum. Immunoelectrophoresis of activated plasma samples from control subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis was performed utilizing the antiserum. In controls, four precipitin arcs with residual esterase activity were observed, whereas only three were seen in plasma from patients with cystic fibrosis. Double gel diffusion experiments using specific antisera ruled out the presence of trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasminogen, prothrombin, C1 esterase, alpha one-trypsin inhibitor, and inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor in the concentrated benzamidine eluate. The antisera to alpha two macroglobulin gave an immunoprecipitate which was readily stained for proteolytic activity. On immunoelectrophoresis, the alpha two-macroglobulin precipitin band corresponded to the band absent in plasma of patients with cystic fibrosis. In contrast, the alpha two-macroglobulin levels were similar in plasma of control subjects and patients with cystic fibrosis. Using the antiserum to the protein fractith proteolytic activity could be demonstrated in control plasma. One specific enzyme-active "rocket" was absent in plasma of patients with cystic fibrosis. In a double blind study of 15 control samples and 15 samples from patients with cystic fibrosis, a specific "rocket" was shown to be present in 13 control samples and absent in 14 cystic fibrosis samples. alpha two-Macroglobulin was determined by both an immunologic procedure and by its trypsin binding (trypsin protein esterase concentration). The ratio of the immunologic assay to the biologic activity assay was 90 for the normal plasma samples and only 65 for cystic fibrosis samples. PMID- 60736 TI - Social learning approaches to health education: utilization of infant auto restraint devices. AB - There has been little critical evaluation of which methods achieve the desired results in health education. Using purchase of proper infant auto restraint devices as an objective, we assessed the effectiveness of three educational approaches. Only 37% of control families had purchased an acceptable car seat, compared to 54% of those who received descriptive literature alone, 71% of those that received literature and had been shown a descriptive film, and 60% of those who were given literature, shown the film, and been provided with a demonstration of the seat. Purchase of car seats was positively correlated with social class and knowledge of auto safety, but not with a history of auto accidents. Utilization of auto restraint devices is an example of how social learning theory can be applied in health education. PMID- 60737 TI - Explaining and exploiting placebo effects. PMID- 60738 TI - Structural and functional characteristics of individual phrenic motoneurons. AB - Intracellular recording and staining techniques were applied to the study of cat phrenic motoneurons. Spontaneously driven phrenic cells possessed individualistic depolarization and spiking patterns that were a function of the conduction velocity in the different motor axons. Staining of phrenic motoneurons with Procion yellow indicated that fast conducting cells with small slow-wave depolarizations were large in size while slow conducting cells with large depolarizations were small in size. This implicated differences in membrane input resistance between large and small cells, although an unequal distribution of inputs to the individual components could not be discounted. On the average, phrenic motoneurons had a smaller dendritic surface area and smaller dendritic dominance than lumbosacral motoneurons. These factors help to explain the higher membrane resistances and longer time constants of phrenic cells. Phrenic dendrites were found to project in all directions away from the cell body and form ellipsoidal receptive fields that overlapped with other phrenic fields. It is speculated that the close approximation of phrenic dendrites with one another could, in part, be responsible for the high degree of synchronization among the different phrenic units. PMID- 60739 TI - [Role of complement in hyaline membrane disease]. PMID- 60740 TI - Observations on template-specific conditions for DNA synthesis by avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase. AB - The effects of Mg++, Mn++, and KCl addition, individually and in combination, on the rate of DNA- and RNA-primed DNA synthesis by avian myeloblastosis virus DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) using a variety of natural and synthetic template-primer combinations were examined. Optimal divalent cation concentrations were found to vary by as much as 10-fold depending upon the template-primer used to direct synthesis. Addition of KCl to reaction mixtures containing optimal divalent cation concentrations produced stimulation or inhibition of DNA synthesis which was also template-specific. DNA synthesis on the modified template poly (2'-0-methylcytidylate) was uniquely stimulated by combinations of divalent cations. With Mg++ as divalent cation, deviations from classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics of substrate saturation were observed with all template-primers tested. PMID- 60741 TI - Role of purine N-3 in the biologic activities of poly(A) and poly(I). AB - Poly(c3A) (poly 3-deazaadenylic acid) and poly(c3I) (poly 3-deazainosinic acid) differ in biological reactivity from their parent compounds poly(A) and poly(I) and from their 7-deaza counterparts poly(c7A) and poly(c7I). Three parameters of biological reactivity were evaluated : (1 degree) interferon induction, (2 degrees) anti-complement activity, (3 degrees) reverse transcriptase inhibition. Unlike poly(A)-poly(U), poly(I)-poly(C) and poly(I)-poly(br5C), the mixtures of poly(c3A) + POLY(U), poly(c3I) + poly(C), and poly(c3I) + poly(br5C) failed to elicit an interferon response in "super-induced" primary rabbit kidney cells; Poly(I) and its analogs poly(c3I) and poly(c7I) inhibited hemolytic complement activity, whereas poly(A) and its analogs poly(c3A) and poly(c7A) failed to do so. Both poly(I) and poly(c7I), but not poly(c3I), lost their anti-complement potency when annealed to either poly(C) or poly(A)-poly(U). Similarly, poly(I) and poly(c7I), but not poly(c3I), suppressed the interferon inducing ability of poly(A)-poly(U), suggesting that both poly(I) and poly(c7I), but not poly(c3I), added to poly(A)-poly(U) to form a triple-helical structure. Poly(I), poly(C7I) and poly(c7A)exerted a distinct inhibitory effect on turine leukemia virus, while under the same conditions poly(c3I) and poly(c3A) showed little, if any, inhibitory effect. PMID- 60743 TI - Adapting media for independent study. PMID- 60742 TI - Poly 2'-O-ethylcytidylate, an inhibitor and poor template for AMV reverse transcriptase. AB - Poly(2'-O-ethylcytidylate) is a poor template-primer for purified avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase; the relative activities of the template-primers poly(C)-oligo(dG), poly(Cm)-oligo(dG) and poly(Ce)-oligo(dG) are 23:16:1. A mixture of poly(Ce) and poly(dI) is inactive as template-primer, in agreement with the observed inability of these to form a helical complex. By contrast the inactivity of poly(Ce)-poly(I) is shown to be due to the influence of the 2'-O-ethyl residue. Poly(Ce) inhibits poly(A)-oligo(dT)-directed polymerase activity, with Ki = 3 muM, but marked inhibition with poly(A)-poly(dT) occurs only at low concentrations of the latter. Poly(Ce) did not inhibit template-primer activity of poly(C)-poly(dI) and poly(dC)-poly(dI). Qualitative physico-chemical studies show only partial complex formation between oligo(dG) and poly(C) and its 2'-O-alkyl analogues. This is discussed in relation to the widespread use of poly(C)-oligo(dG) as the template-primer for reverse transcriptase. PMID- 60744 TI - Nursing care study: hamartoma of the liver. PMID- 60745 TI - Nursing care study: right iliac artery occlusion due to atheroma. PMID- 60746 TI - Care of the dying-6. The nursing of patients dying of cancer. PMID- 60747 TI - Carcinoma of the rectum. PMID- 60748 TI - The Open University; self-instruction in professional education. PMID- 60749 TI - Nursing care study: cholecystectomy and exploration of the common bile duct. PMID- 60750 TI - A symposium on multiple sclerosis: management of MS. PMID- 60751 TI - What's new in overhead projectors. PMID- 60752 TI - Tips for teaching transparencies. PMID- 60753 TI - Benign enlargement of the prostate. PMID- 60754 TI - Machine-made transparencies. PMID- 60755 TI - Histochemistry of sarcoidotic-hyaline. PMID- 60756 TI - [Clinical picture of rheumatoid arthritis after the age of 60]. PMID- 60757 TI - Gamma globulin prophylaxis of viral hepatitis. An update. PMID- 60758 TI - An evaluation of a procedure for the isolation of myelin basic protein (BP). AB - A detailed description and stepwise evaluation of a procedure that can be used to obtain myelin basic protein (BP) from whole brain is presented. The procedure involved the 0.001 MHC1 extraction of whole brain pre-treated in a sequential manner with chloroform-methanol (2:1 v/v), acetone, and deionized water. This is followed by a precipitation of the extract at pH 9.0, and gel filtration of the supernatant in 0.01 M HC1. Yields of canine and porcine BP and their disc gel evaluations are presented at several key points in the procedure. The final products possessed a high degree of homogeneity when examined on SDS gels stained with commonly used protein stains. When compared with six SDS-gel marker-protein standards, the canine and porcine final products had mobilities that correspond to an apparent molecular weight of 18,5000 +/- 5%. Quantitative binding of 125I labeled canine and porcine BPs with standardized rabbit anti-BP antisera gave comparable results. Immunoelectrophoretic and immunodiffusion examinations demonstrated single components and complete identity. The canine and porcine BP's also reacted fully with syngeneic anti-BP antisera raised in Lewis-strain rats. The canine BP was tested for encephalitogenicity in Lewis-strain rats and found to be comparable to rat BP in producing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. PMID- 60759 TI - Platinum binds selectively to phosphorothioate groups in mono- and polynucleotides: a general method for heavy metal staining of specific nucleotides. AB - Platinum binding to nucleoside phosphorothioates has been examined to determine their suitability as heavy metal labeling sites for the potential electron microscopic sequencing of nucleic acids. The complex platinum terpyridine nitrate forms a 1:1 adduct with either adenosine or uridine monophosphorothioate. Spectroscopic evidence strongly indicates the presence of platinum-sulfur bonds. Both platinum terpyridine nitrate and chloroterpyridineplatinum(II) bind to poly(sA-U), a polymer prepared from adenosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate) and UTP. Binding to the sulfur atoms of the phosphorothioate groups is quantitative, as shown by double label experiments using [35S]poly(sA-U) and [3H]chloroterpyridine platinum(II). Similar experiments with [14C]poly(A-U) indicated no platinum binding. No evidence of nicking or loss of sulfur from poly(sA-U) could be detected after platinum binding. The phosphorothioate group is a strong, highly selective binding site for platinum in polynucleotides. Previous studies have demonstrated quantitative enzymatic incorporation of phosphorothioate groups into a polynucleotide adjacent to a specific base [Matzura, H. & Eckstein, F. (1968) Eur. J. Biochem. 3, 448-452]. The use of heavy metal-labeled phosphorothioate groups for the sequencing of nucleic acids by electron microscopy therefore appears feasible. PMID- 60760 TI - Small fragments from the A subunit of cholera toxin capable of activating adenylate cyclase. AB - Exposure of cholera toxin to membrane particles prepared from sarcoma 180 cells gives rise to a variety of fragments which are capable of activating adenylate cyclase [ATP:pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1]. A major component of these fragments has an apparent molecular weight in the 8,000-10,000 range. The smallest stimulatory fragment has a molecular weight of approximately 1400. The small size of the fragments is confirmed by Sephadex gel filtration, in the presence of either sodium dodecyl sulfate or formic acid. These fragments are produced from holotoxin or its A subunit by protease(s) found in sarcoma membrane particles. Production of fragments appears optimal in 40-60 min at 30 degrees and pH 7, and is prevented by protease inhibitors. The ability of the small fragments to activate adenylate cyclase is reversed by anti-holotoxin, but not anticholeragenoid, antibodies. These fragments require NAD for the activation of adenylate cyclase and are fully active after heating at 90 degrees for 5 min (pH 7). PMID- 60761 TI - Demonstration of the inhibitory effect of human alpha-fetoprotein on in vitro transformation of human lymphocytes. AB - We have studied the effects of human alpha-fetoprotein (HAFP), isolated from the serum and ascitic fluid of a hepatoma-bearing patient, on the in vitro transformation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by a variety of mitogenic stimuli. At a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml, HAFP inhibited the lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and rabbit anti-human thymocyte serum, but failed to inhibit the response to pokeweed mitogen. HAFP was able to inhibit the one-way mixed lymphocyte culture at concentrations of 250-500 mug/ml, but failed to inhibit at 100 mug/ml. Exposure of lymphocytes to 2.2 mg/ml of HAFP for 18 hr did not result in significant lymphocytotoxicity, and such cells washed free of HAFP were fully capable of participating in the mixed lymphocyte culture. HAFP did not inhibit lymphocyte E-rosette formation. Fetal HAFP was more effective in inhibiting human lymphocyte responses than hepatoma HAFP. These experiments support the suggestion that HAFP plays an important immunoregulatory role during fetal development, possibly through the suppression of thymus-derived lymphocyte responses to antigenic stimuli; they also suggest that there are important differences in the biological properties of hepatoma and fetal HAFP. PMID- 60762 TI - Determinants of antigenic molecules responsible for genetically controlled regulation of immune responses. AB - The ability of mice bearing the H-2S haplotype to develop helper responses to the random copolymer of Glu,Ala while they developed suppressor responses to the terpolymer of Glu,Ala,Tyr suggested the crucial role of tyrosine in these peptides. On the basis of various considerations, it was postulated that many of the tyrosine residues in Glu,Ala,Tyr would be localized at the NH2-terminal end of the molecule. To verify this hypothesis, a block terpolymer composed of a short sequence of homopolymer tyrosine covalently bound to the random copolymer of Glu,Ala was synthesized. The present studies, using this block terpolymer, demonstrated that the chemical determinants stimulating helper and suppressor responses are distinct and can be present simultaneously in the same molecule. Thus, addition of COOH-terminal tyrosine residues to the Glu,Ala polypeptide converted this immunogenic molecule to an immunosuppressive molecule in mice bearing the H-2S haplotype. The mechanism by which these short sequences of tyrosine influence H-2-linked immune responses remains to be determined. PMID- 60764 TI - Developmental screening clinics are a luxury. AB - A survey of children under 5 in an urban practice has been described and the means of detection of developmental abnormalities identified. It was found that 81% were queried by nonclinic means and only one child out of 150 had a minor abnormality which might otherwise have gone undetected if not seen at a screening clinic. These developmental screening clinics are expensive to run and yield very little return. PMID- 60763 TI - Evidence for a gonadotropin from nonpregnant subjects that has physical, immunological, and biological similarities to human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - Substances from urinary extracts of normal, nonpregnant subjects and human pituitary gonadotropin preparations were found to react similarly to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in a radioimmunoassay system that is highly specific for hCG and without crossreactivity to human luteinizing hormone (hLH). The antiserum was produced in a rabbit immunized with a bovine albumin conjugate of the unique carboxyl-terminal peptide (residues 123-145) isolated from a tryptic digest of the reduced, S-carboxymethylated hCGbeta subunit. The antibody recognition site on the peptide was found to reside on the last 15 amino acid residues of the carboxyl-terminal peptide, as evidenced by the competitive binding activities against 125I-labeled hCG of a series of peptides chemically synthesized according to the carboxyl-terminal sequence of HCGbeta. In order to elucidate the nature of the crossreacting substance in urinary extracts, a human postmenopausal urinary preparation (Pergonal) and a kaolin-acetone extract of urine from a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome were subjected to gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100. The results indicate that fractions showing immunocrossreactivity with the antiserum to hCGbeta-carboxyl-terminal peptide coeluted with 125I-labeled hCG which was separated distinctly from hLH. The same fractions from this postmenopausal urinary gonadotropin preparation exhibited in vitro biological activity proportional to the immunocrossreactivity of the hCG specific antiserum. Concentration of postmenopausal women's urine by acetone precipitation retained approximately five times more immunoreactivity per unit volume than kaolin-acetone extraction, when assayed with the antiserum to hCGbeta carboxyl-terminal peptide. PMID- 60765 TI - Developmental assessment is a necessity. AB - In this paper I shall discuss a typical developmental disorder, showing how its manifestations vary throughout childhood, and comment upon the basic criteria for an assessment service. PMID- 60766 TI - Letter: Developmental assessment. PMID- 60767 TI - [The preparation of 6-azauracil-protein conjugates with isothiocyanate coupling. 5. Immunosuppressive antigen conjugates]. PMID- 60768 TI - Review of the literature: a histologic study of bacteria in periapical pathosis. PMID- 60769 TI - Neurotoxic action of para-chloroamphetamine in the rat as revealed by Nissl and silver stains. PMID- 60771 TI - Mediscope. An unreadable journal. PMID- 60770 TI - Patient care study: ulcerative colitis. PMID- 60772 TI - Fine structure of chromosomes as revealed by fluorescence analysis. PMID- 60773 TI - [Nonspecific desensitization with gamma globulin in some allergic diseases. Results obtained]. PMID- 60774 TI - The binding of the optical isomers of methadone, alpha-methadol, alpha acetylmethadol and their N-demethylated derivatives to the opiate receptors of rat brain. AB - The optical isomers of methadone, alpha-methadol, alpha-acetylmethadol and their N-demethylated derivatives have been systematically studied for their effects on the binding of 3H-dihydromorphine (3H-DHM) and 3H-naloxone (3H-NLX) to opiate receptors in rat brain homogenate. The relative affinities of these agents in competing for both 3H-DHM and 3H-NLX binding parallel their analgesic effects. 1 Methadone is about 30 times as effective as d-methadone in competing for both 3H DHM and 3H-NLX binding sites. The reduction of 1-methadone to alpha-d-methadol and subsequent N-demethylation to alpha-d-normethadol reduce its effectiveness as indicated by the increase in the IC50 values for both 3H-DHM and 3H-NLX binding. The reduction of d-methadone followed by N-demethylation produces a potent derivative, alpha-1-normethadol, which has IC50 values on 3H-DHM and 3H-NLX binding similar to those of 1-methadone. The affinity of alpha-1-acetyl-methadol on the binding of both 3H-ligands falls between those of 1-methadone and d methadone, and increases as it is N-demethylated. alpha-d-Acetyl-methadol is more effective than alpha-1-acetylmethadol in competing for both 3H-ligands from the opiate receptors, and its affinity, unlike that of alpha-1-acetylmethadol, decreases when it is N-demethylated. The affinities of the methadone isomers and related compounds on the binding of 3H-NLX fall in the presence of Na+. The latter property indicates the agonistic nature of this series of druges. PMID- 60775 TI - Prenatal detection of anencephaly. AB - Fetal anomalies were suspected clinically in 3 patients, during the second trimester of pregnancy, due to advanced maternal age, hydramnios and abnormal vaginal bleeding respectively. Sonography revealed anencephaly in all of them, confirmed by roentgenograms and also by high amniotic fluid leveal alpha fetoprotein in 1 of them. The antenatal diagnosis was confirmed in the 3 abortuses. Early screening of all pregnancies at risk for neural tube malformations is strongly recommended. PMID- 60777 TI - Medication tips: a handy reference for nurses. PMID- 60776 TI - Intrahepatic localization of the surface (HBsAg) and core (HBcAg) antigenic determinants associated with hepatitis B virus in biopsy samples from patients with liver disease. AB - 109 biopsy samples from 35 HBAg serologically positive and 74 negative patients were examined by IFL for the presence of the surface and core antigenic determinants associated with the Dane particle. In no serologically negative case was specific IFL detected. Different patterns were observed in serologically positive patients: negative in acute hepatitis, strongly positive cytoplasmic HBs fluorescence in chronic HBAg carriers with normal liver, and discrete HBsAg parenchymal and mesenchymal staining and variable HBcAg staining in chronic liver disease, with HBsAg appearing more frequently in active and HBcAg in active disease. These results are compared with recent reports in this field and the clinical significance of the intrahepatic localization of HBAg is discussed. PMID- 60778 TI - Morphologic and antigenic maturation of lymphocytes in the mouse thymus in vitro. AB - A simple technique for organ culture of the thymus of 14-day-old mouse embryos is decribed. It allowed a characteristic time-dependent development of the immature thymus into a lymphoid thymus with large numbers of nondividing small lymphocytes. Most of these cells carried the T-lymphocyte antigenic markers Thy-1 and TL, and all expressed H-2 antigens as determined in cytotoxicity assays. They probably developed from precursor cells without detectable Thy-1 and TL. This development appeared to be dependent on the thymic microenvironment, since it also occurred in serum-free organ cultures and in cultures with medium supplemented with serum from nude mice. PMID- 60779 TI - Detection of beta2-microglobulin in sera from diverse vertebrate species by the use of a heterologous radioimmunoassay. AB - The strong cross-reaction between rabbit and human beta2-microglobulins, as detected by goat antisera, has permitted the development of heterologous radioimmunoassays to detect homologues of beta2-microglobulin (beta2mu) in the sera of various vertebrate species. The assay based on the inhibition of the binding reaction between goat anti-rabbit beta2 mu and human beta2 mu divided the sera examined into two groups, one giving high levels of inhibition (approximately 80%). and the other lower levels (approximately 20%). There was no evident correlation between this division and phylogenetic classification. When the same group of sera was tested using the assay based on the inhibition of binding of rabbit beta2 mu to goat anti-human beta2 mu, a wide range of maximal levels of inhibition was observed, with clustering of phylogenetically related species. PMID- 60780 TI - Prozone effects in indirect immunofluorescence. AB - A marked prozone effect was observed in indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) with rabbit antisera against rat renal proximal tubular epithelial brush border (BB) antigens: anti-BB antibodies were not detectable if used in high concentrations but were readily demonstrated if sufficiently diluted. The prozone effect occurred in spite of demonstrated binding of anti-BB antibodies to target antigens. No prozone was seen when direct IFL was used, and 'cross-reacting' antigens in small-intestinal epithelial brush border were detectable by indirect IFL without prozone. It was concluded that the anti-immunoglobulin conjugates were unable to reach antigenic determinants on tightly clustered immunoglobulin molecules. Thus prozone effects seem to depend primarily on the density of antigen determinants in the target tissues. PMID- 60781 TI - Shared idiotypic determinants on B and T lymphocytes reactive against the same antigenic determinants. V. Biochemical and serological characteristics of naturally occurring, soluble antigen-binding T-lymphocyte-derived molecules. AB - Normal rat lymphocyte populations house a high percentage of lymphocytes with idiotypic, antigen-binding receptors for the major histocompatibility complex antigens of the rat. These receptors can be isolated from normal serum or lymphocyte supernatants. Idiotypic, antigen-binding molecules released from normal Lewis lymphocytes were thus isolated using anti-(Lewis anti-DA) immuno adsorbents. Analysis by SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis using molecules labeled by external or internal means (125I or 3H) demonstrated that B lymphocytes produce molecules of 'conventional' 7S-8S IgM type. T-lymphocyte derived molecules had a molecular weight of around 150,000 and consisted of two chains of similar size. Such single chains would succumb to proteolysis by normal serum factors to yield fragments in the size range of 30,000-40,000 daltons. All three groups of T-cell-derived molecules expressed both antigen-binding and idiotypic markers. No evidence was obtained that any light chains are linked to the T-receptor molecules. Serological analysis of the T-cell molecules failed to prove the existence of any determinants of constant immunoglobulin type, nor did these molecules express antigenic markers of major histocompatibility complex types. PMID- 60782 TI - Placental localization of human pregnancy--associated plasma proteins. AB - Frozen sections of human placenta were examined for the presence of four human pregnancy proteins, pregnancy-associated plasma proteins A and C (PAPP-A and PAPP C), human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS), and pregnancy zone protein (PZP), by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Monospecific rabbit antiserums to PAPP A, PAPP-C and hCS all stained the trophoblast cytoplasm equivalently in a continuous layer, usggesting that the same trophoblast cells synthesize all three pregnancy proteins. In contrast, PZP was localized in blood vessel walls, parenchymal structures within the villous, as well as in the trophoblast cytoplasm. Its distribution in the latter was relatively inhomogeneous, tending to be more intense on the basement membrane side. PMID- 60783 TI - Rheumatic disorders associated with diabetes mellitus: literature review. PMID- 60784 TI - Studies on the diagnosis and treatment of human filariasis in Rhodesia. AB - Experiences in Rhodesia with various recovery techniques available for the laboratory diagnosis of infections with Dipetalonema perstans and Wuchereria bancrofti are discussed. A diagnostic laboratory regimen for routine filarial investigations is suggested. Included are preliminary observations on the use of mebendazole (Vermox) for the treatment of D. perstans infections. PMID- 60785 TI - Primary nursing for shortened stay surgical patients. PMID- 60786 TI - Prolongation of allograft and xenograft survival by pretreatment with prednisolone and donor-specific antigen. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were grafted with skin of Wistar rats. Surprisingly, pretreatment with donor-specific spleen homogenate and semisoluble antigens combined with prednisolone resulted in a prolonged survival of the skin grafts. The same effects were observed after transplantation of rabbit skin to Sprague Dawley rats. Lewis rats were grafted with kidneys of LewisX brown-Norway F1 rats and simultaneously subjected to bilateral nephrectomy. The recipients were pretreated with soluble and with semisoluble donor-specific antigen. The recipients survived in definitely after pretreatment with semisoluble antigen combined with prednisolone. Combined administration of soluble antigen and prednisolone was ineffective. In the canine kidney allografts, the recipients were pretreated with semisoluble donor-specific spleen antigen; in the canine liver allografts, they were given soluble and semisoluble antigen. The canine kidney recipients survived significantly longer when they had been pretreated with antigens combined with high doses of prednisolone. Pretreatment with high doses of prednisolone alone did not prolong the survival of kidney grafted rats and dogs, and pretreatment with antigen alone had no effect on the survival of kidney grafted dogs. Pretreatment with antigen alone had no effect on the survival time of liver allografts in dogs, but the recipients of the liver grafts survived longer than and controls--some of them for more than 1,200 days--when they had been pretreated with antigens combined with prednisolone. In this respect, the semisoluble antigen was more effective than the soluble form. After three spaced antigen injections, the lymphocytotoxic antibody titers on the day of the grafting varied, but they were always low. There was no correlation between the titers on the day of transplantation and the duration of survival. Recipients pretreated with antigen showed lower postoperative antibody titers than those without antigen. PMID- 60787 TI - The symbiont that never was: an inquiry into the evolutionary origin of the mitochondrion. PMID- 60788 TI - Evasion of the immune response by parasites. PMID- 60790 TI - [The treatment of ventricular extrasystoles in nonhospitalized patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 60791 TI - Specificity of antisera to human fibrinopeptide A used in clinical fibrinopeptide A assays. AB - Distinction between fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and larger polypeptides containing the FPA sequence is critical for the interpretation of clinical results with FPA immunoassay methods. Therefore, the immunochemical reactivity of 14 rabbit anti FPA sera with six different FPA containing antigens was studied in detail. Antigens tested included: fibrinogen; fragment E of fibrinogen; the amino terminal disulfide knot of fibrinogen; Aalpha 1(Ala)-51(Met); Aalpha 1(Ala) 23(Arg); and, FPA. Synthetic partial sequences of FPA were also tested. The 14 FPA-specific antisera were divided into 3 distinct categories with: I, FPA immunoreactivity of larger polypeptides containing FPA approximately 1/100 of FPA on a molar basis, II, FPA immunoreactivity of the larger polypeptides intermediate between I and III; and III, FPA immunoreactivity of the larger polypeptides approximately equal to that of FPA on a molar basis. The antigenic determinants of a category I antiserum (R 2) are included in Aalpha 7(Asp) 16(Arg) with Asp(7), Phe(8) and Arg(16) being essential. When attached to FPA, the sequence Gly(17)-Arg(23) decreases the immunoreactivity of FPA with category I antisera 100-fold. The practical consequence of these findings is that, when category III antisera are employed, both FPA and larger FPA-containing polypeptides are equally immunoreactive. Since thrombin treatment of the larger polypeptides does not alter their immunoreactivity, category III antisera cannot discriminate between FPA and the larger polypeptides. On the other hand, with category I antisera, although the immunoreactivity of FPA itself is unaltered by thrombin treatment, larger polypeptides [e.g., Aalpha 1(Ala)-23tArg)] show a 100 fold increase in immunoreactivity following thrombin treatment and thus can readily be identified and separately quantitated. It is concluded that antisera with the specificity of category I are essential for the specific and accurate measurement of FPA, and for its distinction from larger FPA-containing polypeptides, in clinical plasma samples. PMID- 60792 TI - Evidence for an ester bond between thrombin and heparin cofactor. AB - Heparin cofactor, a thrombin inhibitor, is purified from human plasma by affinity chromatography on heparin-agarose. The nature of the binding between thrombin and the inhibitor is studied by treatment of the complex with 6 M guanidinium chloride, hydroxylamine, and dilute alkali. The complex is not dissociated during gel chromatography in 6 M guanidinium chloride. This result supports an earlier proposal that formation of the complex includes the formation of a covalent bond. Treatment of dodecyl sulfate-denatured complex with hydroxylamine results in dissociation of the complex to yield free thrombin and heparin cofactor. Hydroxylamine does not dissociate the complex unless it is denatured. The complex is also dissociated in dilute sodium hydroxide (pH 12) solutions. These results indicate that the covalent bond between thrombin and the inhibitor is a carboxylic ester. PMID- 60793 TI - A new two-stage functional assay for antithrombin-III (heparin cofactor): clinical and laboratory evaluation. PMID- 60794 TI - Charcterization of two direct fibrinogenolytic activities and of one proteolytic inhibitor activity in the human prostate. PMID- 60795 TI - HLA-D antigen of Japanese origin (LD-Wa) and its association with Vogt-Koyanagi Harada syndrome. AB - One homozygous cell "Wa" for HLA-D alleles, associated with HLA-Bw22J (Japanese specific variant of HLA-Bw22), was found in a Japanese family. The HLA-D antigenic specificity defined by this cell has been tentatively named LD-Wa. Phenotype frequency of LD-Wa in the Japanese population was 0.16 (13/81). HLA-D typing for LD-Wa was performed in patients with the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (Harada's disease) with which Bw22J is strongly associated (15/35, 42.9%; corrected P less than 0.02). LD-Wa was presented in 22 of 33 patients (33.7%; P less than 0.0000003). The association of LD-Wa with Harada's disease was stronger than that of Bw22J, and this implies that there might be one of the disease susceptibility gene loci affecting the development of this disease more closely linked to an HLA-D gene locus than the HLA-B locus. PMID- 60796 TI - HLA and juvenile chronic polyarthritis. AB - HLA antigen have been identified in patients with juvenile chronic polyarthritis (J.C.P.) (n = 35). In J.C.P. the incidence of antigen B27 (57%) was found to be higher than in a normal population (n = 1,000). On recent evaluation of the clinical status, serology and x-rays, the patients with juvenile chronic polyarthritis who has been followed up many years, could be subdivided into four groups: Group 1: J.C.P. evolving to ankylosing spondylitis (n = 3); Group 2: J.C.P. with sacroiliitis (n = 17); Group 3: J.C.P. without sacroiliitis (n = 9); Group 4: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis characterised by a positive serology (n = 6). Groups 1 and 2 were characterized by a high incidence of antigen B27 (19/20). Only one subject of groups 3 and 4 had antigen B27. Sex distribution in groups 1 and 2 was found to be similar to that found in ankylosing spondylitis in adults and sex distribution in groups 3 and 4 was found to be similar to that found in rheumatoid arthritis in adults. It is concluded that if B27 positive develop juvenile chronic polyarthritis they have a high risk of developing sacroiliitis and acute uveitis. The authors propose to give the name Still's disease to the total group of children presenting initial symptoms corresponding to the criteria of Ansell & Bywaters (1959). Follow-up of the cases permitted their further classification as juvenile ankylosing spondylitis, as juvenile chronic polyarthritis with or without sacroiliitis or as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 60797 TI - The major histocompatibility complex of rhesus monkeys. VI. Serology and genetics of Ia-like antigens. AB - The serology and genetics of11 new cell surface alloantigens of rhesus monkeys are described: They are controlled by the mamor histocompatibility complex but are distinct from the conventional serologically defined (SD) antigens ofRhL-A. The new specifications are termed "Ia-like" because ofserological, immunocytological and other characteristics reminiscent of Ia-antigens of the mouse. Population and family analyses led to the postulation of two segregant series controlling eight of the 11 Ia-like specificities of the monkey. Strong linkage disequilibria with SD2 antigens and genetic mapping on the basis of segregation studies in recombinant offspring in the monkey families, places at least one of the two loci in the vicinity of the SD2 locus of RhL-A, not in the region of the major MLC or LD1 locus. For this and other reasons, the new B-cell alloantigens of rhesus monkeys are not believed to be similar to or associated with the stimulator antigens of LD1. The biological function(s) of the Ia-like antigens of primates are as yet unknown. PMID- 60798 TI - Specific MLC stimulation by cultured B cells. AB - Pairs of cultured T and B lymphoid cells, derived from the same individual, were used as stimulating cells in MLC experiments. Blastogenic response to cultured B cells were much greater than those to the corresponding T cell line. These cells will provide a useful reagent for isolation and characterization of B cell specific antigens. PMID- 60799 TI - Antigenicity of methylated deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Methylated salmon sperm deoxyrinbonucleic acid (Me-ssDNA) prepared by using dimethyl sulfate was used to elicit antibodies in rabbits. The antisera obtained reacted specifically with Me-ssDNA but not with thermally denatured Me-DNA, native DNA, thermally denatured DNA or ribonucleic acids (RNAs). Antibody activity was demonstrable in both IgG and IgM fractions which were obtained by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. A single precipitating line was formed by either of IgG and IgM fractions in the double diffusion test with Me-ssDNA. PMID- 60800 TI - Toxic effects of certain pentacyclic triterpenoids on early embryogenesis of the sea urchin. PMID- 60801 TI - Iron gallein elastic method---a substitute for Verhoeff's elastic tissue stain. AB - A method for staining elastic fibers in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded sections is described. After deparaffinizing and dehydration, sections are stained for 30 minutes in a solution prepared by mixing equal parts of 1% gallein dissolved in ethylene glycol and absolute alcohol (1:4), and 1.16% aqueous ferric chloride in 1% hydrochloric acid. The sections are washed in water and then differentiated in 2% ferric chloride for 2 minutes. After washing in water, the sections are counterstained with a variant of Van Gieson's picric acid-acid fuchsin for 1 minute. The results are similar to Verhoeff's elastic stain with elastic fibers staining black. An advantage to this staining procedure is that visually controlled differentiation is not necessary. PMID- 60802 TI - Staining of keratin and keratohyalin with the reactive dye levafix red violet E 2BL. AB - Demonstration of keratin in Zenker-fixed skin and in tissues stored in formalin can be difficult because such material is unsuitable for histochemical studies. A reactive dye, Levafix red violet E-2BL, proved useful for demonstration of keratohyalin and some types of keratin. Formalin-, Zenker- and methacarn-fixed sections were pretreated with alkaline alcohol, stained one hour at 60 C in an aqueous solution containing 0.25% Levafix red violet E-2BL plus 0.25% NaCl, rinsed in buffer solution pH 9, dehydrated and mounted. Keratohyalin granules and stratum corneum were colored red violet; hair and tonofibrils remained unstained. In sections prestained with Mayer's acid hemalum, keratohyalin was dark blue. Sulfonated monoazo dyes without reactive groups colored no tissue structures under the conditions of this technic; apparently, Levafix red violet E-2BL is bound via its reactive group. Polarization microscopic studies suggest binding of Levafix red violet E-2BL by an amorphous matrix of keratin. Correlations with chemical data indicate that the staining patterns parallel the distribution of proteins formed in the stratum granulosum. PMID- 60803 TI - A consistent phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin stain for glial fibers. AB - After deceration, celloidinization and hydration, oxidize 10 micron paraffin sections for 15 min in a solution containing 0.3 g KMnO4 and 0.1 ml conc. H2SO4 per 100 ml distilled water. Wash in water and reduce in 5% oxalic acid until the sections are colorless. Wash thoroughly in water and place in 4% iron alum solution for two hours. Wash briefly in water and stain for two hours in phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin. Rinse briefly in 95% ethanol and dehydrate in n butyl alcohol or absolute ethanol for 4 min with two changes, clear and mount. Glial fibers, myofibrils, red blood cells, etc. are stained blue while astrocyte cell bodies, collagen, etc. are stained red. This stain has proven highly consistent in a wide variety of astrocytic derangements. Despite the intensity of this PTAH modification, false positive staining was not observed. PMID- 60804 TI - A new method for easy demonstration of argyrophil cells. AB - A new method for silver impregnation of endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa is described. It offers great reliability, eveness of impregnation, and, since it can be used on batches of slides, is also suitable for histology class and investigation material. The procedure for paraffin sections of formalin-fixed material is as follows: dewax and transfer to distilled water, leave in 0.5% silver nitrate solution for 2 hours at 60 C. Rinse in distilled water, then treat in Bodian developer (hydroquinone, 1 g; sodium sulphite, 5 g; distilled water, 100 ml) previously heated to 60 C. Rinse in running tap water, distilled water, and then re-impregnate for 10 minutes at 60 C in the same silver solution and reduce in Bodian's solution. Since the background is not impregnated by this method, sections may be counterstained by any basic anilin dye to bring out nuclei. A 0.1% kernechtrot solution was found very satisfactory in this respect. The granulations of argyrophil cells stand out sharply black against a red background. PMID- 60805 TI - Differential staining of tannin in sections of epoxy-embedded plant cells. AB - A staining procedure is described for the light microscopic localization of ergastic tannins in epoxy sections of plant cells embedded for study by transmission electron microscopy. Callus and cell suspensions of Pseudotsuga menziesii and Pinus taeda fixed in glutaraldehyde:acrolein and then OsO4, followed by epoxy embedding, were sectioned 0.5 mum thick, stained on a glass slide with ethanolic Sudan black B at 60 C as described by Bronner, and then mounted in Karo syrup. Tannin deposits stained brownish-orange and were easily distinguished from lipid bodies of similar size, which stained dark blue to black, and from starch grains, which were unstained. The significance of this differential polychromasia was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. This staining procedure should prove valuable in the cytoplasmic evaluation of the plant cell ergastics (especially tannins) via light microscopy whether or not electroc microscopic examination is intended. PMID- 60806 TI - [The use of nuclear medicine methods for the control of regional cytostatic therapy of neoplasms in the orofacial region]. AB - Complementary to the well-known clinical, radiographic, histologic and biochemical methods for the control of the regional cytostatic chemotherapy of malignant tumours in the orofacial region, the authors describe by help of a case report the possible uses of nuclear-medical methods of examination. The following nuclear-medical methods of examination were employed: 1. bone scintigraphy, 2. perfusion scintigraphy, 3. tumour scintigraphy. The advantages of nuclear-medical methods consist in the relatively low load to which the patient is subjected and in the possibility of assessing qualitatively and quantitatively (in combination with current control methods) the distribution of the perfused chemotherapeutic agent and of evaluating the therapeutical success. PMID- 60807 TI - Blood coagulation and plasma fibrinolytic enzyme system pathophysiology in stroke. AB - Plasma fibrinogen chromatography is a method for quantification of high molecular weight fibrinogen complexes (HMWFC), native fibrinogen and other fibrinogen derivatives in plasma. Enchanced formation of fibrin, intravascular coagulation, thrombus formation, etc., are reflected by elevation of plasma HMWFC, and the method distinguishes between subjects with normal and pathological rates of fibrin formation. Serial standard blood coagulation assays, including plasma fibrinogen chromatography, and neurological studies were performed on 220 patients admitted to a stroke unit. Findings from patients with cerebral infarction were compared against those of three control groups: (1)normals, (2)a stroke control group and(3)a stroke risk factor group. Plasma HMWFC findings were significantly (p less than 0.001) higher in the stroke risk factor group than in the normals. Plasma HMWFC values were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in the cerebral infarction patients than in any of the control groups, and plasma fibrinogen, plasminogen, alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha2-macroglobulin also were significiantly higher (p less than 0.001) in the patients. The greater the degree of initial neurological deficit, the greater were plasma HMWFC values (p less than 0.001), and high HMWFC values were associated with poor clinical outcome. Plasma HMWFC values were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage and cerebral embolism. These findings docunment the fact that a high proportion of stroke patients have coagulopathy, characterized by pathological enhancement of fibrin formation. PMID- 60808 TI - Long-term anticoagulant therapy for TIAs and minor strokes with minimum residuum. AB - One hundred seventy-eight patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or small strokes with slight symptoms persisting for more than 24 hours (incomplete recovery = IR) (TIA-IR) from both the carotid and the vertebrobasilar systems were treated with anticoagulants. Ten patients stopped the treatment because of severe side effects. Only one patient had a lethal cerebral infarction when the thrombotest values were above the therapeutic level; no other infarction happened during the treatment period. Moreover, the frequency of TIA decreased during the treatment, compared with descriptions of the natural course of TIA. One hundred four patients were observed for a mean of 21 months after the anticoagulant treatment ended. During the observation period, six patients had cerebral infarctions. This was a sixfold increase compared with the stroke incidence during treatment, and was almost identical with the incidence of strokes seen during the natural course of TIA. All the cerebral infarctions were in patients who had their initial TIA/TIA-IR from the carotid territory (within the same carotid artery which earlier had given symptoms). The investigation shows that long-term anticoagulant treatment is useful, especially in patients with carotid TIA/TIA-IR, and that this treatment should continue as long as the patients can manage it. In patients with vertebrobasilar symptoms of malignant character, it seems feasible to terminate the treatment after about one year. The mechanism of the anticoagulant treatment is obscure, but it does not appear to influence the progress of the atherosclerotic process. PMID- 60809 TI - Immunological research and the problem of immunization against African trypanosomiasis. PMID- 60810 TI - Antigenic relationships among Nigerian strains of West Nile virus by complement fixation and agar gel precipitation techniques. AB - Using two serological techniques, eight Nigerian West Nile virus isolates were investigated to determine antigenic relationships among them, and to find out if these virus isolates were related to West Nile virus strains from the different zoogeographic areas of the world. One virus differed significantly from the seven other strains and was later found to be a strain of Usutu virus. The remaining strains were differentiated into two serological intratypic groups depending on their cross reactions with two strains which served as prototypes for each group. Five virus isolates which constitute one of the antigenic groups were found to be related to the Egypt 101 strain of West Nile virus originating from general Palearctic zone (European and Middle East). The other two virus isolates did not show any relationship to the strains from any of the different zoogeographic zones. PMID- 60811 TI - Letter: Hepatitis associated antigen and alpha-feto protein in liver cell carcinoma in Malawi. PMID- 60812 TI - Letter: "Dill and Glazko" eosin colour test for detection of chloroquine in urine. PMID- 60813 TI - Cellular events associated with the immunogenesis of anti-erythrocyte autoantibody responses of NZB mice. PMID- 60814 TI - Autoimmunization and lymphomagenesis in parent to F1 combinations differing at the major histocompatibility complex: model for spontaneous disease caused by altered self-antigens? PMID- 60815 TI - Isologous IgG-induced immunologic tolerance to haptens: a model of self versus non-self recognition. PMID- 60816 TI - [Effect of temperature and proteolytic enzymes on the immunological properties of 2 acid neurospecific antigens]. AB - The immunological properties of water-soluble acid neurospecific antigens A and D of the bull brain were studied as affected by heating and proteolytical enzymes (trypsin, mixture of trypsin and alpha-chymotrypsin, protease from Streptomyces griseus). The immunological activity of antigen A is not changed essentially after its heating for 20 min at a temperature of 70-80 and 24-hour proteolysis with trypsin. Heating at 90-100 C as well as hydrolysis with protease from Streptomyces griseus and mixture of trypsin with alpha-chymotrypsin for the same time decrease the immunological activity of antigen A. The immunological activity of antigen A lowers after heating for 20 minutes at a temperature of 60 C and the action of all the studied proteolytical enzymes for 24 hours. The data obtained evidence for protein nature of antigens A and D. PMID- 60817 TI - [Serum acid phosphatase levels following prostatic massage (author's transl)]. AB - We find an elevation of serum acid phosphatase levels 5 min after prostatic massage in only 10% of patients with prostatic adenoma. This increase is caused by stored prostatic secretion being pressed into the blood vessels. 60 min later these serum levels decrease. With some other patients a slower increase of phosphatase levels occurs; this increase, however, lasts for hours. This kind of increase is caused by prostatic fluid being forced into the interstitium where it is slowly absorbed. A combination of both kinds leads to a curve with two peaks; this could be demonstrated in two cases. No difference was seen in reaction of total acid phosphatase and prostatic phosphatase levels. The increase of phosphatase levels following prostatic massage was no sign of prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 60818 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of hyperplastic and neoplastic human prostate. AB - Acinar cells of neoplastic prostate tissues are more heterogeneous in size and shape than benign hyperplastic cells when observed by scanning electron microscopy. Three types of acinar cells are recognizable by surface structure, cells with microvilli, cells without microvilli, and cells with membrane ruffles. The pitted cells previously seen in BPH tissues are probably artifactual. The identity of the crater cells is sitll in question. PMID- 60819 TI - Inhibition by estramustine phosphate on estradiol and androgen binding in benign and malignant prostate in humans. AB - Specific cytoplasmic androgen and estrogen binding has been measured in human benign prostatic hypertrophy and carcinomatous tissue. In vitro support for the binding of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) to both estradiol- and dihydrotestosterone-binding sites is presented, which in part could explain the clinical effect of estramustine phosphate when pure estrogenic compunds are not effective. PMID- 60820 TI - [Electric reaction of the cochlea to the administration of ototoxic antibiotics into the scala tympani and the endolymphatic duct (experimental study)]. PMID- 60821 TI - [Antigenic analysis and immunological studies of the uterotropic bacterial strains SH6 and 01 isolated from aborted cows]. AB - The uterotropic strains SH6 and O1 were studied immunoelectrophoretically to establish their antigenic relationship. The more readily diffusing component of the O-antigenic fraction of the strains proved immunologically identical with LPA of the R Brucella organisms, while the slower component showed common determinants with the O-antigenic fraction of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Immunodiffusion revealed that the O-antigenic fraction of the O1 strain and LPA of the S Brucella organisms contained common antigenic determinants having a weak immunologic activity, and this could explain the agglutination reaction after Wright and Huddleson of the sera from cows with infections caused by the uterotropic strains described. It was established through electrophoresis that in contrast to Yersinia enterocolitica 373 the O-antigenic fraction of the uterotropic strains is immunologically identical with LPA of the R Brucellae. An analogy is shown to exist between the immunologic activity of cow sera from infected animals and the A substance as well as at higher agglutination titers after wright of substance B as described by Amarasinghe. PMID- 60822 TI - [Achievements of immunochemistry in the last decade]. PMID- 60823 TI - [Potential sources of errors in the gas chromatographic determination of organochlorine pesticides]. AB - It has been found that the reliability of the results obtained in the determination of chlororganic pesticides depends on the frequence of using reagents and adjuncts. When these means are not sufficiently pure peaks suggesting impurities appear in the blenk, which, during the retention time overlap those of some of the chlororganic pesticides (alfa-BHC, gamma-BHC, aldrin) and could mislead the analyst. The present work deals with the methods of purifying the reagents and adjunct material in order to obtain blenk containing no impurities. PMID- 60824 TI - Mitogen induction of murine C-type viruses. II. Effect of B-lymphocyte mitogens. PMID- 60825 TI - Multiplicity-dependent kinetics and murine leukemia virus infection in Fv-1 sensitive and Fv-1-resistant cells. PMID- 60826 TI - Subgroup-specific antigenic determinants of avian RNA tumor virls structural proteins: analysis of virus recombinants. PMID- 60827 TI - [The effect of decomplementation on model experimental inflammatory responses (rat paw oedema) (author's transl)]. AB - An investigation was carried out of the effect of decomplementation by either aggregated human gamma globulin (aggHGG) -- activating the classical complement cascade -- or cobra-venom factor (CVF) -- acting through the alternative pathway - on rat paw oedema induced by various agents. The direct, passive Arthus reaction (DPA) and dextran-and carrageenin-induced oedema were inhibited by both decomplementing measures, whilst serotonin-and formalin-induced oedema remained unaffected. The paw swelling induced by synthetic bradykinin was significantly reduced only by aggHGG, not by CVF. These observations strongly support -- but do not yet prove -- the assumption that complement is involved in the development not only of the DPA but also of the responses to the polysaccharides, dextran and carrageenin in the rat. The partial inhibition of bradykinin-induced paw oedema by aggHGG and not by CVF might be explained by a densensitization or blocking of bradykinin receptors by a peptide derived from the early-reacting complement components (C 1, 4, 2). Investigations of the effect of aggHGG and CVF on blood pressure, haematocrit, partial thromboplastin time, plasmakininogen and kinase activity, leucocytes and thrombocytes indicate that non-complement-dependent factors are unlikely to be involved in the observed inhibition of experimental rat paw oedema. PMID- 60828 TI - [Current data. Natality, mortality and natural increase]. PMID- 60829 TI - [Current data. Infectious diseases: monthly or four-weekly number of reported cases, 1974 and 1975]. PMID- 60830 TI - Passive immunization against exposure to hepatitis B virus in the military: potential and possibilities. AB - The value of standard gamma-globulin with a low titer of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HB(s)) vs hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) in prevention of icteric hepatitis B in the military is unclear. Although recent studies have shown a decrease in icteric hepatitis after administration of both types of gamma globulin in populations where acquisition of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is most likely the result of nonparenteral transmission, the data pertaining to parenteral exposure suggest that HBIG delays the incubation period of HBV and decreases the development of passive-active immunity. Since no studies have demonstrated efficacy of standard gamma-globulin or HBIG in a drug-using population where multiple HBV exposures are likely, the results observed in most trials are not comparable to hepatitis B associated with drug abuse in the military. Therefore, before a recommendation for use of routine gamma-globulin or HBIG can be made for drug-related hepatitis in the military, efficacy of standard gamma-globulin and/or HBIG should be demonstrated in this population. PMID- 60831 TI - [Immunocytogenesis and formation of antibodies in experimentally aged animals (author's transl)]. AB - The authors use white rats with experimentally induced Progeria-like syndrome of Selye. The immunologic response following inoculation with the extracellular microbe-parasite D, pneumoniae and the intracellular parasite Br. abortus 19 is studied serologically, cellularly and biochemically. The experimentally aged rats show diminished and retarded plasmocyte reaction and weaker and slower agglutinine synthesis as compared with the controls. The immunochemical analysis of the serums of the experimentally aged rats reveals changes in the serum fractions and an affected ratio of albumin/globulin. The data suggest a disturbed adaptation and a reversal to an older ontogenic form of the aged organism. PMID- 60832 TI - [Occurrence of beta-glucuronide bound metabolites of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers in human urine]. PMID- 60833 TI - [Silicosis and scleroderma--attempt at synopsis]. AB - Progressive systemic sclerosis obviously more frequently appears in men working under silica dust exposure than in professionally not selected groups. Moreover, silicosis and sclerosis frequently occur combined. Pathogenetic association with regard to immunologic patterns may give an explanation for this phenomenon. Sclerosis occuring in the course of silicosis ought to be included when impairment for compensation purposes is taken into consideration. PMID- 60834 TI - [Radiotherapy of hematologic diseases]. AB - Possibilities and limits of radiotherapy are described in a survey in the following diseases: Undifferentiated cell leucoses: The radiotherapy of the central nervous system brings an increase of the 5-year survival rates, since the localisations in this region existing in 45-70% are only insufficiently reached by the cytostatic substances because of the defective blood-liquor passage. On the other hand, other indications to radiotherapy recede into the background. Chronic leucoses: In the foreground of the application is the ray-therapy of the spleen, of which, apart from the local effect on the splenic tumour, also an improvement of the remission rates is expected. At adequate indication also the ray-therapy of infiltrates in the lymph nodes and other localisations achieves good palliative results. The extra-corporeal irradiation of blood is a method, the usability of which must still be proved. With the introduction of the modern cytostatic drugs the exposure of the whole body has lost significance. Lymphogranulomatosis: In this disease the radiotherapy has caused a decisive change: In these cases the recognition of the local development of the disease and its continuous spreading was decisive, and issuing from this also the simultaneous irradiation of the defluxion areas and the application of an oncolytic dose. According to the stage with or without combination of cytostatic drugs an exact plan of therapy is made. Here healing rates of 70-80% in stage I are to be expected. Myeloma: Here the radiotherpy has palliative tasks, with correct indication good effects are to be expected. Polycythaemia vera: In this disease radiotherapy in form of incorporation of radioactive phosphorus is the remedy of choice. PMID- 60835 TI - [Therapeutic angiography]. AB - In arterial or venous hemorrhages of the upper gastrointestinal tract, pharmacotherapy and catheter embolization are alternative methods if conservative treatment proves ineffective and surgery offers no prospect of success. A stop in the acute arterial or venous hemorrhage from the upper gastrointestinal tract -- even though only temporary in most instances - may thus be achieved. The choice of one of the two methods and the result depends on the location of the hemorrhage, the age of the patient and the coagulation qualities of the blood. Experience in this respect is quite new, experience which - in spite of all criticism - justifies a modest amount of optimism particularly in view of the desparate situations one is frequently confronted with in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 60836 TI - [Proceedings: Effect of histamine-H2-receptor-blockaders on biosynthesis and catabolism of histamin e in gastric mucosa]. PMID- 60837 TI - [Proceedings: Alpha fetoprotein in cultures of human hepatocytes]. PMID- 60838 TI - [Proceedings: serum alpha 1-fetoprotein and regan-isoenzyme in malignant tumors of the gastorintestinal tract]. PMID- 60839 TI - [Histological and histochemical studies on melanoma metastases under immunobiological and cytostatic therapy]. PMID- 60840 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in lumphocytic choriomeningitis. I. The specificity of the cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The specificity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated during murine lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) has been investigated. CTL were obtained from the spleens of mice injected i.p. with LCM virus. The cytotoxic activity of the CTL was tested in an in vitro 51Cr cytotoxicity assay using infected macrophages or fibroblasts as target cells. At the peak of the cytotoxic T cell response (7-8 days after infection) the cytotoxic action was restricted to syngeneic virus infected target cells. Using H-2 recombinant mice the target antigen of the CTL generated could be identified as products coded for by either the H-2 K or H-2 D region of the major histocompatibility complex. I region identity between CTL and infected target cells was insufficient for optimal lysis to occur. During the early phase of LCM virus infection there was a transient phase during which non infected H-2 histocompatible targets were lysed as efficiently as virus-infected target cells. This finding may suggest, that during the early phase of LCM disease self-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes are temporarily present in LCM virus-infected mice. PMID- 60841 TI - [Studies on the mechanism of L-agglutination (author's transl)]. AB - The mechanism of L-agglutination (LA) was studied by fractionating human sera by means of Sephadex G 200 gel filtration. LA was found to be mediated by 2 factors: the rheumatoid factor (RF) as a macroglobulin, occuring only in sera from patients with rhematoid arthritis, and an IgG globulin, found also in normal sera, probably a highly prevalent incomplete streptococcal antibody. RF containing IgM fractions, by themselves devoid of LA activity, can be rendered positive not only by IgG from the same serum, but also by IgG from normal sera or by commercial human IgG. After absorption of sera containing the RF with streptococci LA disappears; by addition of normal serum, IgG from normal serum or human IgG LA titers were attained similar to those of the respective native serum. A treatment of RF-containing sera with mercaptoethanol leads to a largely parallel disapperance of LA and latex fixation. Three substrains of Streptococcus pyogenes SF 130 (type) 1), Varying in their endowment with type-specific antigens, reacted similarly in LA. PMID- 60842 TI - Antigenic relationship between human and canine hemoglobin and globin. PMID- 60843 TI - Effects of maternal immunization on the survival and postnatal development of the offspring. AB - Immunization of females prior to mating altered the size of their litters and the incidence of postnatal death and runting, and the effect varied with the antigen used. Litter size was decreased after immunization with an aggregated synthetic polypeptide or with DNP-BGG, but not with aggregated insulin. Postnatal mortality was increased after immunization with an aggregated polypeptide, aggregated insulin or DNP-BGG. Postnatal runting was increased after immunization with the aggregated polypeptide or with aggregated insulin. PMID- 60844 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against Sendai-virus-infected cells. AB - After injection of Sendai virus, a parainfluenza virus type I, mice generate cytotoxic lymphocytes which lyse specifically Sendai-virus-infected target cells in vitro. Their action is not inhibited by specific antibody in vitro. Killer cell activity appears 4 days after infection, reaches a maximum on the 7th day and disappears on the 14th to 16th day. Decrease of cytotoxic cell activity is correlated with an increase of haemagglutinating antibodies. The cytotoxic effector cell could be characterized as a thymus-derived cell, there is no specific activity in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytolysis (ADCC). The degree of cytotoxic effector cell activity is only slightly influenced by the dose of injected infective virus. Using different syngeneic Sendai-virus-infected cells as targets for cell-mediated cytotoxicity, a tumor line was not lysed by cytotoxic lymphocytes in spite of viral surface antigens. Preliminary experiments were performed to demonstrate the H-2 gene restriction of the cytotoxic interaction. Using macrophages and tumor cells as targets only syngeneic infected target cells were lysed. PMID- 60845 TI - Mixed leukocyte reaction in rats. Effect of immunization with bovine encephalitogenic protein and Freund's complete adjuvant. AB - Rats of certain strains immunized with bovine encephalitogenic protein (EP) in Freund's complete adjuvant develop an impairment of the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) similar to that seen in rabbits with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and in humans with certain diseases, including multiple sclerosis. The rats mount a cell-bound response to EP, but encephalomyelitis does not develop. The component causing the impairment was analysed in a culture system using inbred rat strains and F1 hybrids, thoracic duct cells as a source of lymphocytes, and blood as a supplement to the cultures. In normal rats, it was shown that the effects of responding and of stimulating lymphocytes could be separated and that the supportive action of the added blood was probably due to macrophages (monocytes); also that the added blood could in many experiments be replaced with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). The impairment present in immunized rats is at least largely due to a defective supportive activity of the blood (monocytes) and can be restored with 2-ME. The results argue that the MLR impairment seen in immunized rats is due to a faulty macrophage function. PMID- 60846 TI - Inhibition of electron transport on the oxygen-evolving side of photosystem II by an antiserum to a polypeptide isolated from the thylakoid membrane. AB - A polypeptide fraction with the apparent molecular weight 11 000 was isolated from stroma-freed chloroplasts from Anthirrhinum majus. An antiserum to this polypeptide fraction inhibits photosynthetic electron transport in chloroplasts from Nicotiana tabacum. The relative degree of inhibition is pH dependent and has its maximum at pH 7.4. The maximal inhibition observed was 93%. The dependence of the inhibition on the amount of antiserum yields a sigmoidal curve which hints at a cooperative effect. A calculation of the Hill interaction coefficient gave the value of 10. The inhibition occurs on the water splitting side of photosystem II between the sites of electron donation of tetramethyl benzidine and diphenylcarbazide. Tetramethyl benzidine donates its electrons before the site where diphenylcarbazide feeds in its electrons. Analysis of the steady state level of the variable fluorescence also indicates that the inhibition site is on the water splitting side of photosystem II. Tris-washed chloroplasts are equally inhibited by the antiserum and the inhibition is also observed in the presence of an inhibitor of photophosphorylation like dicyclohexyl carbodiimide and in the presence of the uncoupler carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) which means that the inhibitory action is directed towards the electron transport chain. Valinomycin which is supposed to affect the cation permeability of the thylakoid membrane has no influence on the inhibitory action of the antiserum. The same is valid for gramicidin. Methylamine on the other hand can induce a state in the thylakoids in which the antiserum is not effective. If the antibodies are already adsorbed prior to the methylamine addition then the high inhibitory effect by the antiserum remains unchanged upon addition of methylamine. From the experiments it follows that a component from the vicinity of photosystem II is accessible to antibodies that is, the component is located in the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane. It appears that the inhibitory effect is produced in the course of the light reaction. PMID- 60847 TI - The significance of cyclic AMP in clinical medicine. PMID- 60848 TI - [Experiences with the surgical treatment of colonic carcinoma]. PMID- 60849 TI - [The cervical cycle as shown on the example of morphological examinations in pregnancy with special reference to subcylindrical vacuolization]. AB - Cyclic alterations of the endometrium are known for certain, but similar processes of the mucous membrane of the uterine cervix are vague. In pregancy there is a considerable increase in secretion. The epithelium of surface and glands becomes stratified and the nuclei of cylindrical epithelial cells withdraw from the base of the cells and often originate retronuclear vacuols. From these vacuols one has to distinguish so-called subcylindrical vacuols which only appear during pregnancy. They are seen between epithelium and basal membrane. Electron microscopical investigations show the vacuols lined partly by atrophical partly bysecretory cylindrical cells. Histochemically the contents of the vacuols are similar to the cytoplasm of cylindrical cells and the contents of glands. These alterations of the cervical mucous membrane are dependent on hormonal stimulation and in conclusion it must be possible to demonstrate the hormonal situation andits disturbances by investigations of the mucous membrane of the cervix uteri. PMID- 60850 TI - [Demonstration of immune complex components in kidney glomeruli in bovine virus diarrhea mucosal disease]. PMID- 60851 TI - Serological evidence and isolation of a virus closely related to the human A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2) strain in swine populations in Czechoslovakia in 1969-1972. PMID- 60852 TI - [Production and use of a cholera antigenic erythrocyte diagnostic agent]. PMID- 60853 TI - [Live enteric typhoid vaccine consisting of a Vi-negative double-dependent mutant of S. typhi and a Vi-positive strain of Citrobacter]. AB - The authors present experimental data on the study of the living enteral vaccine against the typhoid infection from the Vi-negative strain of salmonella with a double-dependence by streptomycin and purine, and from the Vi-positive strain -- citrobacter 5396/38. The method of immunoelectrophoretic analysis showed an indenticity of the O- and H-antigens of the doubledependent mutant with the O- and H-antigens of the typhoid strains of bacteria (Ty2-4446 and 5501). A sufficiently marked immunological reaction was revealed in the tests of antibody formation and in the study of the preventive activity of the sera of the immunized rabbits. The efficacy of the enteral immunization with the associated vaccine consisting of a doubledependent mutant of typhoid bacilli and the citrobacter strain in the doses tested (a 6-fold immunization) was demonstrated in experiments on albino mice. Association in one preparation of the cultures under study did not lead to any changes in the immunogenic properties of these strains. The cells of the mutant strain administered per os gave a positive culture (from the mouse organism) only in the course of the first 24 hours, in difference from the citrobacter strain which gave a positive culture in the course of 14 days. PMID- 60854 TI - [Genetic control of the synthesis of Newcastle shigella type-specific VI antigen]. AB - The authors studied the localization of a determinant of the VI type antigen, Sh. newcastle being used in the capacity of donors and E. coli K12 as a recipient. The determinant of the VI type-specific antigen was apparently controlled by the chromosomal gene localized in the region of the histidine operon (on the left from it; 45% of linkage with the his marker). PMID- 60855 TI - [Antigenic composition of different forms of Sh. sonnei]. AB - Data are presented on the study, with the aid of immunophoresis, of the antigenic composition of the I, II phases and R-forms of Sh. sonnei. From 5 to 7 antigens differing by thermoresistance, electrophoretic and diffuse mobility were found in the composition of microbial cells of various forms Sh. sonnei. Differences between the I phase on the one hand and cells of the II phase and R-form, on the other hand, consisted both in the quantitative composition of components of their thermostable O-antigens and in the structure of specific lipopolysaccharides of the forms. PMID- 60856 TI - [Protective properties of IgM in experiments on animals]. AB - On a model of intraperitoneal infection of albino mice the authors demonstrated a protective action of the fraction enriched with IgM and of gamma-globulin isolated from the normal human blood serum, against E. coli O111. The intensity of the protective action depended on the method, duration of administration of the preparation and also on the infective dose. Protective properties of the fraction enriched with IgM were more pronounced in comparison with the gamma globulin preparation. PMID- 60857 TI - [Effectiveness of specific treatment of rabies. II. Analysis of cases of human death from rabies following a complete course of treatment with specific agents]. AB - Of 79318 persons treated of rabies in the Uzbek SSR in 1968--1974 there were recorded 16 cases of death of clinically manifest rabies. The course of treatment included injection of rabies gamma-globulin in a dose of 0.5 ml per 1 kg of body weight and the maximal dose of rabies vaccine. The incubation period lasted from 44 to 833 days (229.6 on the average). The authors considered that irrational use of high doses of rabies preparations was the cause of unsuccessful treatment of rabies. PMID- 60858 TI - [Epidemiologic and clinical features of infectious hepatitis in children against a background of massive prevention of the disease with microdoses of gamma globulin]. AB - The authors analyzed epidemiological and clinical peculiarities of infectious hepatitis in children aged under 11 years in conditions of mass-gamma-globulin prophylaxis in microdoses the last 5 years in Voronezh. It appeared that the incidence of the disease fell and that its clinical course became milder. In connection with reduction of the incidence of infectious hepatitis in the age group of under 10 years, the incidence of the disease was relatively higher in children aged from 10 to 14 years, with a tendency to levelling-out the periodic autumno-winter elevations among preschool children. Introduction of decreased gamma-globulin dose for hepatitis prophylaxis led to a lesser expenditure of the preparation and thus permitted to vaccinate more children. PMID- 60859 TI - [Isoelectric spectra of hepatitis B antigen antibodies to it]. AB - Isoelectric focussing in a stable pH-gradient of ampholines, serum and fraction 4 4, containing hepatitis B antigen demonstrated that the antigen occupied the pI 4.31--6.03 zone with the maximum activity at pI 4.31--5.56. The activity of antibodies to the hepatitis B antigen was revealed in a donor serum and in the gamma-globulin fraction in the pI 7.76--8.4 zone with the activity maximum at pI 8.03--8.23. It was demonstrated immunochemically that antibodies against hepatitis B antigen belonged to immunoglobulin G. PMID- 60860 TI - [Neurotropic activity of the gamma-globulin fraction in the serum of schizophrenic patients]. AB - The report is concerned with the influence of the blood sera of schizophrenic patients on the electric activity of neurons in snails and its 3 fractions containing respectively nonprotein compounds, gamma-globulins and the remaining proteins. It was established that the amount of neurotropic activity only of gamma-globulin fractions do not differ significantly from the respective figures of the blood sera of schizophrenic patients. In this connection the authors come to the conclusion of a possible immune nature of the neurotropic factor in the blood sera of schizophrenic patients. PMID- 60861 TI - Cytophotometry of feulgen-naphtol yellow S stained liver cells--a computerized method for the calculation of nuclear protein. AB - A computerized method was developed to calculate the nuclear protein content of Feulgen-Naphtol Yellow S stained liver cells from cytophotometric data. After two consecutive scannings at 570 nm (DNA) and 435 nm (protein), the nuclear localization and shape are defined and nuclear protein is calculated by a method which corrects for the nuclear-cytoplasmic overlap at the nuclear periphery. The results obtained by the procedure are highly reproducible and are in accordance with the results of biochemical determinations of nuclear and total cell protein reported by others. PMID- 60862 TI - Cytology of serous effusions: a comparative study of two slightly different preparative methods. AB - A prospective study of 100 serous effusions was made by two slightly different technics of smearing cells from the centrifuged sediment onto glass slides. Those made with the cotton swab had greater cell concentration and better cell morphology than matching slides prepared by the pipette-"hematologic" two-slide technic. Exclusive use of the cotton swab, therefore, is recommended in making these preparations. On follow-up, in this series of 72 patients, there was a false positive rate of zero per cent, and a false negative rate of 29%. PMID- 60863 TI - Sputum fixatives: how safe is 50% alcohol? AB - It is believed that the following conclusions can be drawn from this study. 1) Fifty per cent ethyl alcohol fixative is bactericidal to 90 to 95% of the bacterial organisms present in the specimens submitted to cytology. 2) The fixative definitely appears to be selective against gram-negative organisms, both cocci and rods. 3) The fixative does not alter the ability of the organisms to take a characteristic stain. 4) The fixative does appear to alter the ability of the Histoplasma and the Cryptococcus to grow after a two-hour minimum fixation. No growth was noted after six weeks. PMID- 60864 TI - Patterns of macromolecular synthesis in a developing hydroid. PMID- 60865 TI - Endocrine function in patients with suprasellar and hypothalamic tumours. AB - The pituitary function in 35 consecutive patients with a non-pituitary suprasellar tumour was studied. In craniopharyngiomas and hypothalmic gliomas severe hormonal disturbances were the rule. In suprasellar cysts and meningiomas and in optic nerve gliomas the hormonal disturbances were on the whole less marked and related to the size of the tumour as judged from the pneumoencephalography, larger tumours leading to more extensive alterations than smaller neoplasms. PMID- 60866 TI - Calcium and stimulus secretion coupling in the neurohypophysis. V. The effects of the Ca2+ ionophores A23187 and X537 A on vasopressin release and 45Ca2+ efflux; interactions with sodium and a verapamil analogue (D600). AB - Slices from ox neurohypophyses were incubated in a calcium-free medium with the ionophores A23187 or X537A. X537A (5 X 10(-5) mol/l) caused a marked release of vasopressin, neurophysin and protein to the medium. A23187 (2 X 10(-5) mol/l) did not cause any release by itself, but when Ca2+ was added to the medium in the presence of the ionophore, an increase in the release of vasopressin, neuorphysin and protein occurred. Release of lactate dehydrogenase and peptidase were not affected by the ionophores. The secretion caused by A23187 was abolished by D600 (a verapamil analogue) (2 X 10(-5) mol/l) whereas the effect of X537A was unchanged. The effects of X537A were strongly inhibited by removal of sodium from the medium. Re-addition of sodium to the medium caused a marked release. Gramicidin (10(-6) or 5 X 10(-5) mol/l) had no effect on secretion. Efflux of 45Ca2+ from pre-loaded slices was drastically reduced in a sodium-free medium. X537A caused an increase in the efflux rate of 45Ca2+ both in medium with a normal concentration of sodium and when slices had been incubated in a sodium free medium. A23187 and X537A both released 45Ca2+ from a neurohypophyseal mitochondrial fraction. When sodium in a concentration of 20 mmol/l was added to this fraction, the Ca2+ accumulation was inhibited. This effect was reduced by inorganic phosphate up to a concentration of 2 mmol/l. PMID- 60868 TI - [A combined calcium--fat staining with determination of vessel wall permeability]. AB - A simple combined method for staining the arteries of fetuses and newborns with following demonstration of the vessel wall permeability for macroscopic and microscopic investigations is described. PMID- 60867 TI - Interrelations between ABO blood group, plasminogen, alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha2 macroglobulin and the platelet count in blood donors. AB - The level of plasminogen alpha1-antitrypsin, alpha2-macroglobulin and the platelet count were measured in 511 blood donors. The mean level of alpha1 antitrypsin was significantly lower in men of group B compared with that of group O. No other differences between the blood groups reached statistical significance. Woman had higher mean levels of alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha2 macroglobulin and a higher platelet count than men. The levels of plasminogen and alpha1-antitrypsin were significantly higher in women using oral contraceptive compared with those who were not. The level of alpha2-marcoglobulin fell with age until the 60-64 year age-group in men and the 40-49 year age-group in women. A positive correlation existed between the alpha1-antitrypsin and the alpha2 macroglobulin level and between the platelet count and the plasminogen level. PMID- 60869 TI - Calcitonin cells and unusual follicles of the thyroid of the indian grey mongoose, Herpestes edwardsi (Geoffroy). AB - Histological preparations of thyroid, parathyroid and thymus glands of Herpestes edwardsi were examined for calcitonin cells. They reveal that (1) the thyroid calcitonin cells are oval, rounded and rarely elongated in shape; these cells and their nuclei are distinctly larger than those of the follicular cells and their nuclei; (2) calcitonin cells are unevenly distributed in the thyroid, with the result that certain portions of the thyroid are completely devoid of these cells; (3) on an average, calcitonin cells are in a ratio of 10-15 cells/100 follicular cells; (4) the parathyroid and thymus glands do not display calcitonin cells, and (5) the thyroid gland displays unusual follicles of two categories, (a) follicles with ciliated epithelial cells and (b) follicles with squamous epithelium. PMID- 60870 TI - Effect of sympathetic denervation on chronic cold injuries in rabbit brain. A microangiographical and histological study. AB - Sympathetic denervation of the brain vessels was performed uni- or bilaterally in 13 adult rabbits, and cortical cold lesions were induced bilaterally 10-18 days afterwards. After a further 4-35 days the vascular and morphological changes in the lesion areas were studied histologically and with angiography. No difference was observed between the denervated and the non-denervated lesion areas. The results are discussed with regard to a proposed functional plasticity of the chronically denervated brain vessels and/or to possible changes in metabolic demands of the brain tissue. PMID- 60871 TI - Insecticides in human breast milk. AB - Fifty samples of human breast milk were analysed by gas chromatography and thin layer chromatography for DDT (dichlordiphenyltrichloraethan), hexachlorobenzol, benezene-hexachlorides, dieldrin, aldrin and heptachlorepoxide. The three first substances were found in all samples in amounts varying from quite small up to eleven times the WHO recommended maximum for cow milk. The other substances were found in fewer milk samples, however, in some of these samples they were found in relatively high amounts. In Norway, only DDT has been investigated earlier (4), and compared to that study, there has been no significant change in the mean concentration of DDT in human breast milk during the last five years. The insecticide content was highest in colostrum and decreased with increasing duration of lactation. Considerable fluctuations in the content of insecticides were recorded in repeated milk samples collected from the same woman a few days apart. The percentage of samples with insecticide content higher than that permitted for cow's milk was greater in May/June (79%) than in early April (54%). The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 60872 TI - Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in extrahepatic biliary atresia, idiopathic neonatal hepatitis and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZ). AB - Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were measured using a sensitive radioimmunoassay in 77 infants presenting with persistent conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia. A breed range of alpha-fetoprotein concentrations occurred in both the 23 infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia and the 35 with idiopathic neonatal hepatitis but the 13 with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency had uniformly low levels. High alpha fetoprotein concentrations (above 10 000 mug/1) favoured the diagnosis of neonatal hepatitis especially in the first ten weeks of life, but the overlap between neonatal hepatitis and extrahepatic biliary atresia was large and alpha fetoprotein determination cannot be recommended as a reliable method for distinguishing the two conditions. Serial alpha-fetoprotein values showed no consistent relationship with standard liver function tests and gave no guide to prognosis. There was an association between alpha-fetoprotein production and needle biopsy evidence of hepatic giant cell transformation. The uniformly low alpha-fetoprotein levels in alpha-1-antitrypsin deficient infants with neonatal hepatitis is a new observation and possible mechanisms for disordered glycoprotein release are discussed. PMID- 60873 TI - The vaccinia virus haemagglutinin: enzyme sensitivity and some physiocochemical properties. AB - Purified vaccina virus haemagglutinin (VHA) was found to be sensitive to trypsin both with regard to haemagglutinating capacity and antigenic property. Phospholipase C and lipase had no effect on the haemagglutination (HA). Both the HA and the antigenic property thus depend on the integrity of the protein part. The loss of HA after treatment with trypsin may be due to breakdown of an essential protein or to secondary rearrangement of the whole structure, including the lipid part. Cells infected with an HA negative mutant of vaccinia virus also lacked the antigenic part of VHA. The sedimentation constant of VHA from HeLa cells was about 50. PMID- 60874 TI - The fine structure of cells of Trichomonas vaginalis Donne obtained from the exponential phase of growth and from stationary cultures. AB - In cells of Trichomonas vaginalis in logarithmic phase of growth (log. T. vaginalis) the number of free cytoplasmic ribosomes was higher than that in cells from stationary cultures (stat. T. vaginalis). Polyribosomes closely surrounding the chromatic granules were present in equal amounts in both categories fo cells, which indicates that they have specific functions and are not directly involved in the protein synthesis of the growing cell. The volume of the Golgi region and of the food vacules were approximately twice as large in log. T. vaginalis cells as in stat. T. vaginalis cells. The round and slightly ovoid chromatic granules were smaller in log. T. vaginalis cells than in stat. T. vaginalis cells, whereas elongated granules were more numerous in the former than in the latter cell type. The elongated chromatic granules presented a coarser texture than ordinary round granules. The chromatic granules probably replicate by binary fission a process which seem to follow an internal reorganization of the granules. Polysaccharides were demonstrated on the cell surface and on the membranes of the Golgi and endocytotic vesicles if sectioned cells were stained with phosphotungstic acid after inert dehydration and embedding in a water-missible methacrylate. Ruthenium red and colloidal iron only showed affinity for the filamentous cell coat. PMID- 60875 TI - Studies of the antigenic structure of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporon canis, and Epidermophyton floccosum by crossed immuno electrophoresis. AB - By means of crossed immuno-electrophoresis, 35 antigens of T. rubrum, 26 of T. mentagrophytes, 35 of M. canis, and 25 of E. floccosum have been demonstrated. Tandem crossed immuno-electrophoresis has revealed two antigens common to T. rubrum and the other species, which, however, differ within the species. No common antigens have been demonstrated between T. mentagrophytes, M. canis, and E. floccosum. The technique for preparation of extracts and production of immune serum is described, and the procedure for the electrophoresis is outlined. PMID- 60876 TI - Glucuronide conjugation in the lung. PMID- 60878 TI - Statistical analysis of the different factors which could affect postextrasystolic potentiation in the human heart. AB - The effect of different coupling indices and intervals that could theoretically affect postextrasystolic potentiation has been investigated. A total of 150 ventricular premature beats corresponding to 20 patients submitted to routine cardiac catheterization were studied. Only single ventricular premature contractions following at least four regular sinus beats were considered. Percentage changes in left ventricular systolic pressure, end-diastolic pressure, and max dp/dt were correlated against seven indices and intervals. Index 2 (coupling interval/coupling interval + postextrasystolic pause) gave the better correlations. Besides, this Index includes two intervals that were demonstrated to have statistical significance when individually considered. It has been proved that in the first postextrasystolic beat the highest values of max dt/dt, or left ventricular systolic pressure occurred in early ventricular premature beats, giving a negative regression with Index 2, while in the second postextrasystolic beat the highest values of max dp/dt and left ventricular systolic pressure corresponded to late prematuring beats, giving therefore positive regressions with Index 2 (slope inversion phenomenon). The third and fourth postextrasystolic beats had similar positive regressions but with progressively smaller slopes. Correlations between left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and Index 2 were very poor. It is suggested that variations in baroreceptor activity could account for the different forms of potentiation observed in early and late extrasystoles. In five cases, there were no consistent differences in potentiation when premature beats were elicited from either right or left ventricles. PMID- 60877 TI - Release of active substances during anaphylaxis. PMID- 60879 TI - Minimal heparin cofactor activity in disseminated intravascular coagulation and cirrhosis. AB - An assay technic for measuring heparin cofactor activity in which antithrombin activity can be assessed without plasma attenuation even in the presence of therapeutic levels of heparin is presented. Heparin-activated anti-thrombin activity was markedly depressed in plasmas of four patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation and in ten patients with cirrhosis. Residual activity in those plasmas appeared qualitatively normal, and no inhibitor (platelet factor IV activity) was observed. Plasmas from patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation and cirrhosis required more heparin to obtain in vitro clotting time prolongation equivalent to normal. PMID- 60880 TI - Lupus erythematosus cell preparation-antinuclear factor incongruity. A review of diagnostic tests for systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The cases of 20 patients, each of whom has a positive lupus erythematosus cell preparation and a negative antinuclear factor test, are presented. The concept of a false-positive lupus erythematosus preparation is suggested. Five common mechanisms causing a false-negative antinuclear factor test are discussed and evaluated. Clinical material from the 20 patients is described and pitfalls in diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus are reviewed. PMID- 60881 TI - Positive controls for fungal detection in tissue sections. AB - Lyophilized Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidioides immitis, Blastomyces dermatitidis and Aspergillus fumigatus are rehydrated, evenly dispersed, and made into smears using a bacteriological loop and alcohol-cleaned slides. Smears are air dried for 15 minutes, fixed in concentrated formaldehyde fumes for 30 minutes, postfixed for one hour in ten per cent buffered formaldehyde, and stored at room temperature. These preparations are used as positive controls for the Grocott stain as recommended for confirmation of fungi detected in tissue sections. PMID- 60882 TI - Automated hematoxylin and eosin staining for large volumes of tissue. AB - In order to facilitate the large volume of hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) slides generated by 18 experiments from various programs at the National Center for Toxicological Research, a rapid staining method became imperative. Automated staining with the Gam Rad Stainomatic was decided upon using Gill's no. 1 hematoxylin with a 30-minute staining schedule. Presently, 1,080 slides per instrument per day are stained with a good dependable stain. The cost of this H & E staining method is 0.15 cents per slide. PMID- 60883 TI - Immune complex receptors on cell surfaces. II. Cytochemical evaluation of their abundance on different immune cells: distribution, uptake, and regeneration. AB - A recently developed method for ultrastructural demonstration of cell surface receptors for immune complexes is applied to evaluation of these receptors on various cell types. The method entailing incubation with a complex of horesradish peroxidase (HRP) and antibody to HRP (anti-HRP) disclosed dense foci indicative of immune complex receptors distributed at 30- to 120-mmu intervals over macrophage surfaces. Invaginations, loop-like evaginations, and pinocytotic vasicles stained prominently. The number of stained immune complex receptors averaged 200,000 per oil-induced macrophage and 120,000 per noninduced macrophage, as determined from counts of focal deposits in electron micrographs. Receptor periodicity on giant cells present in oil-induced exudates resembled that on macrophages, but the larger giant cells contained an estimated 1.5 million sites. Although receptor periodicity on eosinophils and neutrophils equaled that on macrophages, the staining was lighter and was interrupted by intervals of unstained membrane. Neutrophils averaged 28,000 and eosinophils 35,000 receptors per cell, whereas those lymphocytes with receptors averaged 3,500 per cell. Viable cells incubated with anti-HRP sequentially exhibited about half as many reactive sites as did cells incubated with immune complex. When warmed to 37 C, viable macrophages and eosinophils pinocytosed soluble immune complexes almost completely within 30 minutes and phagocytosed insoluble complexes more slowly. The endocytosed soluble immune complexes were sequestered within tubulovesicular structures in addition to the expected phagocytic vacuoles. Receptors appeared fully active on macrophages that were restained with soluble, cold immune complex after they had endocytosed immune complex in the course of a 30-minute warming interval. PMID- 60884 TI - The rapid identification of "normal" parathyroid glands by the presence of intracellular fat. AB - Staining of frozen sections of small parathyroid biopsies from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism with Sudan II or IV revealed the almost uniform presence of numerous prominent intracellular sudanophilic bodies in the chief cells of suppressed "normal" parathyroid glands. These sudanophilic bodies were generally absent from the abnormal chief cells of parathyroid adenomas and chief cell hyperplasias. This difference in intracellular lipid provides a rapid, reliable, and easy method for distinguishing at the time of parathyroid exploration between an adenoma which is always accompanied by "normal" parathyroid glands and a chief cell hyperplasia in which all of the glands are abnormal. PMID- 60885 TI - Pathophysiology of enlargement of the small bowel fold. AB - Enlargement of the valvulae conniventes is an integral part of the pattern diagnosis of primary small bowel disease causing malabsorption. The pathophysiology underlying enlargement of the fold and the most typical diseases with prominent folds leading to malabsorption are discussed. Differential diagnosis is based on enlargement of the fold and on secondary signs. PMID- 60886 TI - Evaluation of hepatoma chemotherapy by alpha-fetoprotein determination. AB - Effects of chemotherapy on twenty-nine histologically proved and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) -positive hepatomas were evaluated by changes in serum AFP levels according to the criteria of our previous report. By transfemoral local infusion of mitomycin C, six of eight patients showed more than 50 per cent decrease of AFP levels and regression of the tumor, and the others showed fair effects. By single shot infusion, 50 per cent decrease of serum AFP levels and tumor regression were noted only in three of thirteen patients, and chemotherapy by systemic infusion in eight patients was much less effective. As evaluated by AFP levels, histologically well or moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas responded better to chemotherapy than poorly differentiated ones. PMID- 60887 TI - [Experimental studies on a treatment for phalloid intoxication]. PMID- 60888 TI - A high-pressure sample cell for circular dichroism studies. PMID- 60889 TI - Enhanced visibility of precipitin disks in radial immunodiffusion measurements. PMID- 60890 TI - A simple and sensitive staining method for the detection of cellulase isozymes in polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 60891 TI - A simplified procedure for the quantitative isolation of DNA and RNA transcripts synthesized in vitro. PMID- 60892 TI - Reaction to radiographic contrast agents: new developments in etiology. AB - Although a significant amount of histamine is released into plasma during contrast media injections, there still is no evidence to support an immunologic basis underlying contrast media reactions. This study supports previous observations that suggest in vitro leucocyte challenge may be of predictive value in contrast media reactions. Lassar's study in dogs and this study in humans clearly shows that complement activation by alternative pathway occurs during contrast agent administration. However, pathophysiological significance of this observation is not clear. PMID- 60893 TI - Evaluation of bovine spermatozoal morphologic features after staining or fixation. AB - Two experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of 3 stains and 2 fixatives on morphologic features of bovine spermatozoa. In experiment 1, the morphologic features of acrosomes of raw and incubated, extended spermatozoa were evaluated after staining with Hancock's Blom's or Wells-Awa's stains or after fixation with buffered glutaraldehyde. Evaluations were done of stained smears by bright field microscopy and of fixed, unstained preparations, by differential interference contrast microscopy, using wet mounts. Raw semen samples from 1st ejaculates of 80 bulls were evaluated. The percentage of spermatozoa with intact acrosomes averaged 83.5% in unstained preparations fixed in glutaraldehyde, compared with averages of 68.1, 74.5, and 67.4% for smears stained with Hancock's, Blom's, or Wells-Awa's procedures (P less than 0.01). From these results, it appeared that procedures for preparing stained smears were detrimental to acrosomes. Although counts for other acrosomal abnormalities differed (P less than 0.01) in each treatment, patterns were inconsistent. With incubated, extended spermatozoa from 57 bulls, glutaraldehyde-fixed, unstained samples had more (55%) intact acrosomes (P less than 0.01) than did samples stained with Hancock's or Blom's procedures (24.0 and 34.7%, respectively, but the former were not significantly different from Wells-Awa-stained smears (49.3% intact acrosomes). In experiment 2, several morphologic characteristics of spermatozoa from 15 1st ejaculates of 7 bulls were evaluated after staining with Hancock's or Blom's stains or after fixation in buffered glutaraldehyde or buffered formal saline fixatives. Higher counts (P less than 0.01) of head abnormalities were found in wet, unstained fixed preparations (4.83, 4.47, 7.87, and 7.93% respectively, for Hancock's, Blom's, glutaraldehyde, and formol saline methods). There were more (P less than 0.05) separated heads on stained, dry smears (1.43, 1.23, 0.47, and 0.47%, respectively, for Hancock's, Blom's, glutaraldehyde, and formol saline procedures). Fixation with buffered glutaraldehyde resulted in higher counts (P less than 0.01) of proximal protoplasmic droplets (2.47, 1.03, 0.67, and 1.43%, respectively, for glutaraldehyde, Hancock's, Blom's, and formol saline procedures). Although not significant, the same trend was observed for distal protoplasmic droplets... PMID- 60894 TI - Immunoperoxidase localization of alpha bungarotoxin: a new approach to myasthenia gravis. AB - The IPBT method has made it possible to precisely visualize the AChR. Normal distribution of AChR is at the peaks of the postjunctional folds of the muscle sarcolemmal membrane with a small amount present on the axonal tip as well. Denervated muscle fibers have extrajunctional AChR. In MG, there are also denervated-appearing fibers but these do not have extrajuctional AChR with the IPBT stain. To explain this, we have been able to demonstrate a serum factor capable of blocking the binding of alpha-BuTx to the AChR and have shown for the first time that this factor is capable of acting at the neuromuscular junction itself. This blocking factor may play a major role in causing the weakness of MG. PMID- 60895 TI - Axonal transport to and from the motor nerve ending. PMID- 60896 TI - Morphological and histochemical changes of motor units in myasthenia. AB - Neuromuscular biopsies were obtained from 45 myasthenic patients. Motor innervation was studied in all specimens by vital staining with methylene blue. Quantitative data included the proportion of elongated motor endings, and the terminal innervation ratio (TIR) of motor axons. Quantitative histochemical data, obtained on 12 biopsies, included the atrophy factors of type I and II fibers, the I/II ratio, and the proportion of fibers strongly reacting to both ATPase and NADH diaphorase (type III fibers). Statistical analysis of the data led to the following conclusions: (1) elongated motor endings, found in 26 biopsies, were not related to denervation or to the severity of the disease, and were preferentially observed in younger patients; (2) increased TIR suggesting denervation was observed in 7 biopsies, only in patients over 50 years; and (3) various histochemical changes were found, mainly numeric reduction of type II fibers, having no demonstrable relationship with the incidence of elongated motor endings. The highest TIR was observed in a biopsy containing an increased proportion of type III and intermediate muscle fibers. PMID- 60897 TI - Preparation and delivery of a speech in medicine and allied sciences. PMID- 60898 TI - Polyfunctional antibodies. Their biology and inheritance. AB - It seems likely that immunoglobulins have evolved from some archetypal molecule and those forms which are useful to the animal have been retained. It is this entire population of antibodies which forms the humoral immune system and in such a system, not only the properties of individual antibody combining regions, but the properties of the multiprotein system as a whole, are important for the defences of the body against pathogens. Antibody combining sites may bind a disparate set of structurally related and unrelated ligands. This multispecificity can be biologically meaningful: the same clone can be stimulated by different antigens. In this sense, cell surface immunoglobulins are multifunctional. The major biological consequence of antibody multispecificity is overlapping binding functions within subsets of the total antibody repertoire. The most significant impact of this overlap is: (1) it reduces the number of V genes necessary to code for the total number of combining sites; (2) the cross stimulation of clones by structurally related and unrelated antigens may be instrumental in the normal maintenance of immune responsiveness and in addition, it may explain the ability to respond to unusual and less ubiquitous antigens; (3) the antigenic history of the animal may contribute to the maturation of the immune response by cross-stimulation of pre-selected clones of antigen binding cells. PMID- 60899 TI - The amino acid sequence of the variable regions of the light chains from two idiotypically cross reactive IgM anti-gamma globulins. AB - Amino acid sequence analysis of the light chains of two IgM rheumatoid factors is presented. The parent molecules of these chains are human IgM proteins with specificity for human IgG and sharing idiotypic cross reactivity. The heavy chains had previously been shown to have extremely similar hypervariable regions. This communication presents data indicating that the light chains, even though representing two different kappa subgroups, also share identities in their hypervariable regions. These data can be most easily interpreted in terms of a gene interaction model for immunoglobulin V region assembly. PMID- 60900 TI - The relationship between hypervariable regions, antigen-binding specificity and the three-dimensional structure of antibodies. AB - The amino acid sequences of the V domains (VL + VH regions) of 3 antibodies raised to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide in individual outbred rabbits are reported. With the exception of the second hypervariable section of the L chains, these antibodies have very different sequences in the hypervariable segments of the V domains. Within the third hypervariable region of the H chain, each antibody has a different length. On the sole basis of the amino acid sequences of these three anti-pneumococcal antibodies, the results do not support the concept of a simple correlation between primary structure in the hypervariable sections (known to determine the shape of the combining site) and antigen-binding specificity. In view of the large number of amino acid interchanges in the hypervariable positions and because of the size difference between the rabbit H chains, it is likely that each anti-SIII H chain studied here represents the product of a different structural germ line gene. In contrast to such a complex immune response to a relatively simple polysaccharide antigen, an extensive structural uniformity has been observed in the heavy chains of mouse myeloma proteins with phosphorylcholine activity and a mu chain from a human Waldenstrom IgM endowed with the same activity. The finding of a very similar heavy chain variable region in two different species which are separated by about 75 million years in evolution favours the concept of stable transmission of variable region genes throughout evolution. PMID- 60901 TI - Structural and functional mapping of immunoglobulin V-regions. AB - V-regions of immunoglobulins chains contain 3 types of positions, which are equally represented: invariant and sub-group characteristic, which account for the "framework" and hypervariable positions, responsible for antigen recognition. The 3 types of positions are grouped and fall within a very few discrete stretches. Sub-group characteristic segments containing one of the 2 cysteyl residues of the V-regions may be isolated by high voltage paper electrophoresis and provide a basis to type for sub-groups in the VK and in the VH human systems. This allowed to characterize a large set of human myeloma proteins that were used in a series of competitive hybridizations which indicated that sub-groups had no influence on preferential reassociations, which occurred in 80% of the cases. This preference seems to rely mostly on individual structural differences, which may be linked to heterogeneity at the framework level. Distinction between framework heterogeneity and hypervariable regions heterogeneity may be approached by raising antibodies against a mouse myeloma protein, MOPC 173, of known sequence, by means of syngeneic and allogeneic immunizations, using Balb/c and A/J mice. Junction of distinct portions of immunoglobulin chains such as the V and the C regions raises the possibility that some recognition signals may operate at the DNA level. Since rotational symmetry regions in the DNA are known to act as such signals, it is discussed whether such regions can be expected from the amino acid sequence data, especially in the vicinity of the "switch" peptide. PMID- 60902 TI - Heavy and light chain variable region subgroups: antigenic analysis among human monoclonal immunoglobulins. AB - An antigenic analysis of human heavy and light chain variable region subgroups has been possible by means of heterologous specific antisera using a hemagglutination-inhibition procedure. The specificity of antisera had been shown to be directed against antigenic determinants of VkappaI, VkappaII, VkappaIII, VlambdaI, VlambdaII, VlambdaIII and VHIII by means of chemically subgrouped proteins. A series of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD were examined for the presence of a VHIII variable region subgroup antigenic determinant. The data showed that 50% IgG, 62% IgA, 55% IgM, 45% IgD were positive for VHIII antigenic determinant. NH2 terminus blocked monoclonal immunoglobulin belonging to the VHIII subgroup were found, increasing incidence of this subgroup among IgG. A preferential association of VHIII antigenic determinant with IgG1, IgG3 subclasses was observed among IgG myeloma proteins while the preferential association was only observed with IgG1 subclass when anti-Rh antibodies were considered. Among 53 IgG of kappa type 20 (37%) kappaI, 30 (56%) kappaII, 3 (5%) kappaIII subgroups were found and among 42 IgG of lambda type 13 (31%) lambdaI, 13 (31%) lambdaII and 16 (38%) lambdaIII were observed. Although numbers are limited in each group for conclusions a study of VHIII and non VHIII antigenic subgroup determinant with respect to the light chain subgroups is given. The non-allelic behaviour of this VHIII antigenic determinant was observed. Preliminary data on the presence of these human antigenic determinants among different animals species were given. PMID- 60903 TI - Phylogenic studies on allotypic specificities of rabbit immunoglobulins. AB - Phylogenic studies of rabbit allotypic specificities are carried out in several lagomorphs. We give the results obtained through the study of hare Lepus capensis immunoglobulins. IgG of all the 140 studied hares exhibit determinants recognized by anti-b4 and anti-b5 immune sera. Most hares, but not all, have determinants recognized by anti-b6 immune sera. Among the determinants recognized by anti-b4 immune sera, some seem to be isotypic (found in all studied hares), others (absent in some hares) are allotypic. Determinants recognized by anti-b5 immune sera behave as isotypic; they are recognized by anti-b5 antibodies which participate to the cross reaction with b6 pattern. Other determinants recognized by anti-b5 antibodies are allotypic. Three allotypic patterns, at least, each made of two determinants, belonging to the same series, have been detected on hare L chains. Two of them are recognized by anti-b6 immune sera; the third is characterized by its lack of determinants cross-reacting with anti-b6 antibodies. It does not seem that L. capensis has any determinant recognized by anti-b9 immune sera. IgG of some but not all hares have determinants recognized by anti a2 immune sera, only when these have been prepared in rabbits with the phenotype a(1-2-3+). PMID- 60904 TI - Allotypes of the a series and their variants in rabbit immunoglobulins. AB - Six allotypic specificities of the a series are found on rabbit immunoglobulins: a1, a2 and a3 are found both in domestic and wild rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus; a100, a101 and a102 seem to be present only in wild rabbits. Each of these specificities is a family of variants always present together in a given serum. These variants can be studied through the cross-reactivities detected between the patterns of the a series. The results of studies of cross-reactivities between a1, a3 and the two specificities a100, and a102 and also the cross-reactivity between a2 and a minor variant of the a1 specificity suggested a hypothetical scheme. This hypothesis attempts to take into account the evolution of the specificities of the a series and their variants. This hypothesis also postulates the existence of a set of closely linked genes which control the synthesis of the variants of a given specificity. One could suppose that primordial allelic genes might have appeared from an ancestor gene. By duplication each allele would have led to the appearance of a set of genes coding for a given specificity. These genes might have evolved through mutations and recombinations. In wild rabbits, the observation of an allotype which seems to result from a recombination between the group of genes coding for the a2 variants and the group of genes coding for a3 variants argues in favors of the genetic recombination mechanism. PMID- 60905 TI - The V gene repertoire as revealed by polyclonal B cell activators. AB - The evidence for the one non-specific signal hypothesis stating that the B lymphocytes are activated by non-clonally distributed receptors which are not the Ig receptors, have been summarized. Even though protein A is a polyclonal B cell activator, it does not exert its effect by interacting with the Fc part of Ig receptors. One consequence of the one non-specific signal concept is that thymus dependent antigens cannot activate or tolerize B cells. It was shown that B cells from animals tolerant to a thymus-dependent protein antigen could be activated by polyclonal B cell activators to produce antibodies against the tolerogen. Experimentally induced tolerance did not differ from tolerance to self antigens, since LPS and PPD induced autoantibodies capable of lysing autologous red cells and isotope labelled autologous and syngeneic spleen cells. Thus, B cells cannot discriminate self from nonself whereas T cells have been shown to possess this ability. PMID- 60906 TI - Assessing B cell diversification by antigen receptor and precursor cell analysis. AB - A major element in the understanding of B cell specificity diversification is the extent of diversity present in mature and in developing B cell populations. Two general methods are currently used for assessing the specificity repertoire: (a) the enumeration of cells whose receptors can bind a specific antigen, and (b) the enumeration of cells which can respond to antigenic stimulation by antibody forming cell clone production. Our laboratory has utilized the latter method to establish the frequency of B cells responsive to a wide variety of antigenic determinants. The findings indicate that: (a) the primary murine B cell specificity repertoire probably includes more than 10(7) clonotypes; (b) some clonotypes are represented by numerous B cells (40,000 TEPC 15 precursors per BALB/c mouse) while most are represented by fewer than to B cells per mouse; (c) the acquisition of the repertoire is apparently antigen-independent since germfree mice have repertoires similar to conventional mice and secondary B cells are easily distinguished from primary B cells; (d) the neonatal repertoire appears to contain only 10(4) clonotypes at birth, each represented by perhaps 200-400 cells; (e) the diversification process from neonatal to adult repertorie appears highly ordered and reproducible. Antigen binding cell studies have now used in conjunction with the splenic focus assay in an attempt to correlate these two techniques. The results indicate that the efficiency of the splenic focus assay used for precursor cell anlysis it 4-5% for both primary and secondary B cells and is similar to the percent of donor B cells lodged in recipient spleens. For certain antigens (DNP-BSA) the number of antigen-binding cells can represent 4% of the total B cells, and this number directly correlates with the concentration of antigen used; stimulation, on the other hand, appears to have an affinity threshold achieved by only 0,02% of the DNP-specific B cells. In contrast, PC-BSA antigen-binding cell and splenic focus precursor cell frequencies are identical. These findings are interpreted to indicate that antigen-binding cell analyses confirm the validity of the calculations used to estimate precursor frequencies in the splenic focus technique. However, for some antigens binding to cell receptors, one detects a large number of cells belonging either to a nonstimulatable B cell subclass or whose receptor affinity is too low to permit stimulation. PMID- 60907 TI - Inhibition of specific binding of DNP (dinitrophenyl) determinant to lymphoid cell receptors by related and unrelated compounds : quantitative studies in vitro. AB - The effect of related and unrelated compounds on the specific binding of dinitrophenyl-coupled bacteriophage (DNP-T4) to lymphoid cell receptors has been examined and compared with the effect on the neutralization of DNP-T4 by anti-DNP serum. Spleen cells and sera from Balb/c mice immunized with DNP-bovine serum albumin were used. The binding of DNP-T4 to the cells was inhibited by DNP-eAcp, di-DNP-Lys, DNP-Tyr, DNP-p(Ornith) and DNP-BSA (among the DNP-derivatives tested), TNP-BSA, ARS-p(Tyr) and TGA. In addition with the above named DNP and TNP compounds, the DNP-T4neutralization by antiserum was also prevented by DNP derivatives with either L-cysteic acid, alanine, glutamine or poly-L-glutamic acid, while ARS-p(Tyr) and TGA were not effective. Plain carriers (BSA, HSA, poly ornithine, polylysine and polyglutaminc acid) and cell-mitogens (ConA, LPS and PPD) had no significant inhibitory effect. The results obtained indicate the occurrence of differences between cell-bound receptors and circulating antibodies in what concerning their specific reaction with the dinitrophenyl determinant. PMID- 60908 TI - Development of immuneeoglobulin and antibody-forming cells in different stages of the immun response. AB - After primary immunization of mice, rats and rabbits with antigens (horse radish peroxidase, bovine serum albumin and muchroom tyrosinase) emulsified in complete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant, both cells synthesizing immunoglobulin without detectable antibody function and antibody-producing cells were detected. The first cells which appeared were synthesizing and secreting IgG and IgM immunoglobulins without antibody function. These cells were progressively replaced by cells synthesizing and secreting antibodies. In some plasma cells of mice, rats and rabbits immunized with peroxidase, antibody activity was detected only in restricted areas of the cytoplasm ; the remainder contained antigenic determinants of immunoglobulins. After secondary immunization the results were the following: in mice, both cells containing immunoglobulins without antibody function and antibody-containing cells appeared simultaneously and they were present in equal amount; in rats, only the antibody-containing cells were present in high number. Immunizations performed using different protein antigens (horse radish peroxidase, human and bovine serum albumin, aggregated and desaggregated human IgG, and ovalbumin) injected as a solution in saline have shown that after antigenic stimulation both populations of cells appeared, their number depending on the dose of the antigen injected. Further experiments carried out with tolerant mice, with germ-free animals and with "B" mice have shown that the appearance or not of antibody-producing cells was always related with respectively the presence or absence of cells synthesizing immunoglobulins without detectable antibody function. Finally experiments performed on rabbits have shown that some cells containing immunoglobulins without antibody function share idiotypic determinants in common with cells synthesizing antibodies. PMID- 60909 TI - The biological origin of antibody diversity. AB - Antibody diversity has a compelling fascination for many scientists and over the years speculations have sometimes seemed more numerous than facts. Now the structural basis of antibody specificity is well defined. Amino acid sequences and recently three-dimensional structures of various immunoglobulins provide the most solid basis for discussing the origin of diversity. The novel pattern of variable (V) and Constant (C) regions of amino acid sequence has been resolved further to show the functional pattern of variability. Inheritance of separate V and C genes is accepted, but attempts to define more than one gene coding for each V region are considered here to be unnecessary. The pattern of variability is still best understood in terms of mutation and the presence or absence of various selective pressures. The major area of debate still hinges around the extent to which mutation and selection operate during evolution or somatically. Sequence data have now been generally interpreted to require multiple V genes carried in the germ line. A few individual VH genes have been mapped in close linkage to CH genes in the mouse. The apparent existence of three VH alleles in rabbits was a strong argument against multiple V genes. Now the three phenotypes have been shown to be due to alleles controlling the expression of three sets of VH genes all present on the same chromosome. That V-gene expression requires rejoining of V and C genes at the DNA level is now almost certain. Models for the joining process can draw on the precedents of transposable genetic elements, which are widespread in Nature. The total extent of antibody diversity remains a philosophical point. Estimates of the number of antibody molecules required for observed diversity are reduced by two recently documented proposals. Each antibody combining site apparently has many (estimated at 100) different specificities and most combinations of VH and VL regions probably form a viable site. A given combining site can be defined by its pattern of shared specificities. Several specific antibody repertoires have been measured and the size in each case is consistent with the stringency with which the specificity is selected. Repertoire size appears to be under genetic control, but there are problems in viewing the genotype through the veil of clonal selection. Molecular hybridization has been used recently in an attempt to count V and C genes directly. C genes are seen in DNA having nonreiterated sequences, as formal genetics predicts. Each V-region probe hybridizes at a similar rate to C-region probes. Interpretation of this result depends on the extent to which one V-region probe will reveal nonhomologous V genes. Previous estimates that many cross hybridizing genes should have been seen if present are possibly exaggerated. It is argued here that the data are compatible with a germ-line gene for each probe studied. Maximum estimates for the number of germ-line genes are sufficient to account for antibody diversity... PMID- 60910 TI - Transfer RNA: molecular structure, sequence, and properties. PMID- 60911 TI - Psychological effects of surgery on children. PMID- 60912 TI - Joint implant for arthritis. PMID- 60913 TI - Nonoperative therapy for hemorrhoids. PMID- 60914 TI - Immunochemical studies on pinguinain, A sulfhydryl plant protease. PMID- 60915 TI - Protease inhibitors in plasma of patients with chronic urticaria. AB - The hypothesis that deficiencies of plasma protease inhibitors might play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria was evaluated. Plasma levels were measured in patients with urticaria and a matched control group for alpha1 antitrypsin, alpha2-macroglobulin, total trypsin-inhibiting capacity, kallikrein inhibiting capacity, and the complement factors C1 esterase inhibitor, C3, and C4. A total of 92 patients with chronic urticaria or more than three months' duration was studied. Patients with acquired cold urticaria had significantly decreased levels of alpha1-antitrypsin and total antitrypsin activity. In patients with acquired angioneurotic edema, alpha1-antitrypsin levels and antichymotrypsin activities were lowered, with less significant decreases in anti trypsin and antikallikrein activities. Levels of C1 esterase inhibitor , C3, and C4 were normal in all groups. There was no correlation between the increased sensitivity to intracutaneously administered kallikrein injection and deficiencies of of protease inhibitors. PMID- 60916 TI - Chemosurgery for skin cancer: fixed tissue and fresh tissue techniques. AB - Complete microscopical control of the excision of cancer of the skin is achieved by removing tissues layer by layer and examining the undersurface of each layer by means of frozen sections. If the cancer is extensive and complicated or if it is of a type readily spread over an excisional surface, the tissues are fixed in situ with zinc chloride prior to excision (chemosurgery, fixed tissue technique). If the cancer is not too extensive or complicated, the tissues are excised in the fresh, unfixed state (chemosurgery, fresh tissue technique). Both techniques are highly reliable; for example, in two consecutive series of basal cell carcinomas treated chemosurgically, the five-year rate of cure was 99.3% for the 9,351 lesions removed by the fixed tissue technique and 97% for the 127 lesions removed by the fresh tissue technique. PMID- 60917 TI - Granulocyte transfusion in treatment of infected neutropenic children. AB - Thirty episodes of infection in severely neutropenic children with acute leukaemia and aplastic anaemia resistant to antibiotics were treated with total of 51 granulocyte transfusions collected from normal donors by means of an Aminco continuous flow cell separator. The mean granulocyte increment in the recipients was 820/mm3 at 1 hour and 307/mm3 at 15 hours post-transfusion and it showed a correlation with the number of cells transfused, the size of the child, and his pretransfusion granulocyte count. Fifteen (50%) episodes responded clinically by 24 hours and 23 (77%) by 5 days post-transfusion. Two more children recovered more slowly and 5 died. Poor response was associated with multiple-site infections and with a prolonged period of infection before granulocyte transfusion, but the primary diagnosis did not influence the outcome. We conclude that granulocyte transfusion significantly reduces the mortality and morbidity from infection in neutropenic children with acute leukaemia. PMID- 60918 TI - Lipoprotein lipase in the fat body of Triatoma brasiliensis. AB - Lipoprotein lipase activity was detected and characterized in the fat body of Triatoma brasiliensis one of the vector of Chagas' disease. The enzyme activity was close to a free fatty acid production of 47 mumol FFA mg protein-1-h-1 when assayed in the complete system. 2. The enzyme presented maximum activity at pH 8.5. It appeared to be activated by heparin (2 U/ml) and to require a cofactor (rat serum lipoproteins) when assayed with simple triglyceride emulsions. The requirement for a FFA acceptor (albumin or CaCl2) was also observed. 3. Inhibition of enzyme activity by pyrophosphate, HDB, protamine sulphate and 1 m NaC1 indicated further that the enzyme from fat body of T. brasiliensis had the characteristic features of lipoprotein lipase from other sources. PMID- 60919 TI - [Effect of cortisone acetate on acid secretion induced by histamine, pentagastrin, gastrin and food in dogs]. AB - The effects of long term treatment with cortisone on the gastric secretion induced by histamine, pentagastrin, porcine gastrin and a meal have been investigated in four dogs with both gastric fistula and Heidenhain pouch. Cortisone increased the postcibal acid output and the observed maximal acid response from the pouch to all three exogenous stimuli. The ED 50'S remained unchanged. The same effects although less marked were observed in the innervated stomach. These data indicate that the increased acid secretion observed after long term treatment with cortisone is largely due to an increased secretory capacity of the gastric mucosa. This latter could result from an increase in the number of secretory units or to partial removal of a non competitive inhibitor of gastric secretion. PMID- 60920 TI - Changes in thoracic and right duct lymph flow and enzyme content during skeletal muscle stimulation. AB - In the pentobarbital-anaesthetized dog the effect of electrical stimulation of hindlimb skeletal muscles on thoracic and right duct lymph flow and enzyme content was examined. Increase in plasma creatine kinase (CK), L-aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) during 30-min muscle stimulation were not significantly altered by draining lymph. Both right duct and thoracic duct lymph flow trebled during stimulation. At the same time, the activity of the three enzymes examined decreased in right duct lymph and increased in thoracic duct lymph. Of the latter, only the increase in lymph CK was of a sufficient magnitude to have resulted in a detectable increase in plasma CK. CK was the smallest of the three enzymes studied and apparently preferentially entered the lymph, suggesting that the larger AST and LDH molecules were not likely to have entered the blood plasma directly from skeletal muscle. Rather their entry from some other tissue, possibly the formed elements of the blood, is indicated. PMID- 60922 TI - [Proceedings: Cytostatic properties of pancreatic ribonuclease A dimer]. PMID- 60921 TI - Effect of certain organic compounds on saliva secretion in sheep. AB - In two sheep fitted with esophageal cannulas the stimulation of resting saliva secretion by intrabuccal injections of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and of certain organic plant compounds was investigated. Volatile fatty acids, salicin and vanillin increased saliva flow rate by 100, 76 and 72% over 2.5 min after injection. Minor positive or negative effects were obtained with quercitrin, protocatechuic acid, grass juice, anethole and agaricinic acid. Injections of volatile fatty acids and of salicin induced chewing activities, which were significantly correlated with salivary flow rates. The results indicate that organic plant compounds can provide a stimulus for saliva secretion mediated in part by chewing activities. PMID- 60923 TI - [Proceedings: Bovine thyroid ribonuclease (type IV)]. PMID- 60924 TI - Proceedings: Comparative study of L-cell virions. PMID- 60925 TI - Proceedings: Uptake of bacterial DNA by synchronized cells. PMID- 60926 TI - Proceedings: Uptake of radioactive bacterial DNA by L929 mouse cells. PMID- 60927 TI - Proceedings: Controlled transcription of the synthetic gene for tyrosine transfer RNA. PMID- 60928 TI - Proceedings: Repression in vitro of arginine genes transcription in Escherichia coli. PMID- 60929 TI - Proceedings: The nucleoside triphosphate and nucleoside diphosphate phosphohydrolase, the 5'-nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the hen's egg yolk. PMID- 60930 TI - Study of messenger-like RNA extracted from HeLa cells polysomes. II. Identification of the types of RNA eluted from methylated albumin kieselguhr columns. AB - Together with the elution pattern of pure messenger RNA molecules of various origin, the labelling kinetics of rapidly labelled heterogeneously sedimenting RNA (HSRNA) extracted from polysomes of HeLa cells have been studied by chromatogrphy on columns made of methylated bovine serum albumin adsorbed on kieselguhr. HSRNA is eluted within three peaks-IP, Q2P and TDP-following in that order the increase of NaC1 concentration in the eluting buffer. Besides peak TDP which results from an experimental artefact, our data suggest that the appearance of peaks IP and Q2P reflects the absence and presence respectively of polyadenylic acid stretches in these molecules. Within peak Q2P, the critical factor affecting the order of elution is the size of the polyadenylic acid stretch. PMID- 60931 TI - Proceedings: The carbohydrate-binding specificity of the lectin from Vicia faba. PMID- 60932 TI - Proceedings: Ethylene and CO2 evolution in etiolated bean seedling. PMID- 60933 TI - Proceedings: Relationships between epicotyl growth and endogenous IAA-content in etiolated seedlings of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Limburg. PMID- 60934 TI - Proceedings: Regulation of adenylate cyclase activity in the 25000 X g sediment of adipose tissue from obese-hyperglycemic (ob/ob) mice from Bar Harbor. PMID- 60935 TI - Proceedings: Purification of beta-D-xylosidase induced in Penicillium wortmanni. PMID- 60936 TI - [Proceedings: Phospholipase A1, phospholipase A2 and lipase activities in bovine thyroid mitochondrial fractions]. PMID- 60938 TI - Proceedings: Kinetic analysis of the synergism between gibberellic acid and the physiologically active form of phytochrome. PMID- 60937 TI - Proceedings: Is calcium the second messenger in liver for cyclic AMP-independent glycogenolytic hormones? PMID- 60939 TI - [Proceedings: Structure of arginyl-t-RNA synthetase sub-units from Bacillus stearothermophilus]. PMID- 60940 TI - Proceedings: Studies of the complex between transfer RNA'S with complementary anticodons: origins of enhanced affinity between complementary triplets. PMID- 60941 TI - Proceedings: Chemical modification of some hairpin loops of the MS2 genome with the methoxyamine reagent. PMID- 60942 TI - Proceedings: Multiple amino acid sequence differences between rabbit light chains of allotype b4, b6 and b9. PMID- 60943 TI - Proceedings: Angiotensin exerts a direct glycogenolytic action on the liver. PMID- 60944 TI - Proceedings: The presence of isoxazolin-5-one derivatives in root exudates of pea and sweet pea seedlings. PMID- 60945 TI - Proceedings: Methodological aspects of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 60946 TI - Proceedings: Biochemical and cytochemical study of the two constitutive acid phosphatases in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. PMID- 60947 TI - Proceedings: Biochemical and cytochemical study of the derepressible phosphatases in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. PMID- 60948 TI - [Proceedings: Chemical modification of arginyl residues of diphtheria toxin and its fragment a]. PMID- 60949 TI - Proceedings: Synthesis of the human protein: hormone placental lactogen (HPL) in Xenopus oocytes injected with human placental polysomes. PMID- 60950 TI - [Proceedings: Biological activity of diphtheria toxin fragment B]. PMID- 60951 TI - Proceedings: Effect of portacaval shunting and portacaval transposition on lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue of the rat. PMID- 60952 TI - Proceedings: Uptake of (14C gibberellic acid by Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (cv.) Feuerblute seeds. PMID- 60953 TI - Proceedings: The influence of N-ethylmaleimide treatment and calcium phosphate gel fractionation on the binding capacity of (NH4)2SO4(25%-65%) precipitate of rat liver pH 5 enzyme. PMID- 60954 TI - Proceedings: Activation characteristics of phosphorylase phosphatase preparations from bovine adrenal cortex after ethanol treatment. PMID- 60955 TI - Proceedings: Transcriptional capacity of isolated nuclei from cryptobiotic embryos and nauplii of Artemia salina. PMID- 60956 TI - Proceedings: The primary structure of tRNA2Val from Bacillus stearothermophilus and its analogy with tRNAVal species from different origins. PMID- 60957 TI - Physico-chemical resolution of cytosol protein kinases from rat pancreas. PMID- 60958 TI - Proceedings: Evidence for silent germline genes coding for phylogenetic ancient determinants of the rabbit a-locus. PMID- 60959 TI - Proceedings: Phylogeny of the rabbit immunoglobulin light-chain markers: Distribution of determinants associated with rabbit b-locus in different lagomorph families. PMID- 60960 TI - Proceedings: Influence of colipase and biliary salts on the digestion of triglycerides by pancreatic lipase. PMID- 60961 TI - [Proceedings: Lipid composition of bovine thyroid gland. VI Permethylation and periodate oxidation studies of neutral glycolipids]. PMID- 60962 TI - [Proceedings: Lipid composition of bovine thyroid gland. VII. Anomer configuration of glycoside bonds in neutral glycolipids]. PMID- 60963 TI - Proceedings: Mechanism of action of beta-D-xylosidase from Bacillus pumilus. PMID- 60964 TI - Proceedings: L-Sorbose metabolism in Agrobacterium: a biochemical explanation for an intrageneric phenotypic difference. PMID- 60965 TI - Proceedings: Cell-wall metabolism of germinating Phycomyces spores. PMID- 60966 TI - Proceedings: Light controlled regulation of alpha-and beta-amylase activity in cotyledons of Phaseolus vulgaris. PMID- 60967 TI - Proceedings: Studies on the excision process of SV40-DNA during infection with Adeno-SV40-hybrid Ad.2++ HEY. PMID- 60968 TI - Proceedings: Electrophoretic resolution of poliovirus capsid polypeptides in the presence of a pH gradient. PMID- 60969 TI - Proceedings: Effect of preincubation on the metabolism of (U-14C) glucose and (3H)H2O by the epididymal adipose tissue of obese-hyperglycemic (ob/ob) Bar Harbor mice. PMID- 60970 TI - Proceedings: Effects of high-fructose and high-sucrose diets on normal and obesehyperglycemic Bar Harbor mice. PMID- 60971 TI - Proceedings: Study of the binding of 1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranosides on beta galactosidase from E. coli. PMID- 60972 TI - Characteristics of hypotension elicited by electrical stimulation of the lateralhypothalamusin anaesthetized dogs. AB - Electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus near the paraventricular nucleus hypothalami, resulted in : hypotension, light bradycardia, decrease of the left ventricular systolic pressure without increase of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or left ventricular output, femoral vasodilatation and occasionally renal vasodilatation. The hypotensive reactions were potentiated by baroreceptor deafferentation. They were not blocked by anticholinergic, antihistaminic or antidopaminergic agents. PMID- 60973 TI - Hypothalamic depressor reactions in anaesthetized dogs after baroreceptor exclusion and during norepinephrine infusions. AB - The stimulation of the paraventricular hypothalamic centre inhibits the vasoconstriction of the peripheric arterioles and the myocardial effects elicited by endogenous or exogenous increased catecholaminaemia. PMID- 60974 TI - Susceptibility to insecticides of Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera anobiidae) grown on vitamin-deficient diets. AB - Variations in the susceptibility to pyrethrum and chlordane (two contact insecticides) of Lasioderma serricorne grown on different vitamin-deficient diets were studied and reasons for such variation were proposed. PMID- 60975 TI - Acute chlordane toxicity on the serum alkaline phosphatase activity of Meriones hurrianae Jerdon. AB - Different acute doses of chlordane enhance the serum alkaline phosphatase activity in Indian desert gerbils. The damage to parenchymal cells of liver, and hepatic microsomal enzyme induction as a result of chlordane treatment are discussed as the possible reasons for the increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity. PMID- 60976 TI - [Effect of curarization on sensitivity of chicken latissimus dorsi to electric current]. AB - (1.) To test the sensitivity to electric current of the latissimus dorsi and, therefore, its ability to yield action potential, we have studied the effect of curarisation on the amplitude of the isometric tetanus during "massive" stimulations by alternative current. (2.) Curarisation causes a considerable but reversible reduction of the tetanic tension of the latissimus dorsi anterior (L.D.A.) but has no effect on the tetanus of the latissimus dorsi posterior (L.D.P.). It is concluded that a part of the L.D.A. is not sensitive to electric current and is thus unable to yield action potentials, unlike the opinion of some authors. (3.) Rising the temperature has an inverse effect on the speed of the tetanus ascending phase, depending on whether the L.D.A. has been curarised or not. This show the existence of two types of excitation processes of very different nature in this muscle. (4.) Direct current is much less efficient than alternative current on the curarised L.D.A. PMID- 60977 TI - Chronotropic responses to experimental ischemia of the canine sino auricular node. AB - (1) Using isolated, blood-perfused atrium preparation of dogs, the effect of ischemia on sinus rate was studied in ten preparations. Cessation of atrial perfusion usually induced gradual deceleration of the sinus rate which was not blocked by atropine. Occasionally, brief and slight sinus acceleration was initially observed in three of ten atrium preparations. This positive chronotropic effect was not blocked by a beta-adrenoceptor blocking agent, propranolol. (2) In every preparation, just after release of occlusion, there was an initial profound sinus deceleration, occasionally followed by oscillatory changes in sinus rate. (3) The chronotropic response pattern induced by temporary occlusion and release of the sinus node artery was not influenced by propranolol, phenoxybenzamine or atropine treatment. (4) These results suggest that ischemia exerts its principal effect directly on the sino auricular node pacemaker cells, rather than on neighboring nerve endings. PMID- 60978 TI - Variations of rat brown adipose tissue composition during cold acclimatization. AB - The modifications in weight and composition (lipids, proteins, water) of rat interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) were studied along the six first weeks of cold exposure and acclimatization. The variations of noreponephrine content was also investigated. During the first day of cold exposure, the major part of tissue lipids was released. During the following two days there was a fall in lipid and norepinehprine contents and uptake of water. Then, until the end of the first week a rapid repletion occurred. At that moment the relative pass of the tissue and the amounts of its principal components reached values which are not changed during the following weeks. We can conclude that the adaptative changes in the levels of BAT essential components are carried out at the end of the first week of cold exposure, long time before the non shivering thermogenesis is entirely effective. PMID- 60979 TI - Post-tetanic changes of depressor responses evoked by stimulation of the aortic nerve. AB - The effect of changes in duration of the conditioning tetanus on the size of the testing depressor response was studied in rabbits anaesthetized with urethane. Depressor responses were evoked by stimulation of the aortic nerve. The interval between the conditioning and testing stimulation was fixed at 40 and 120 sec. Two frequencies of conditioning tetanus were employed. Brief conditioning tetani facilitate the testing response. With lengthening of the conditioning stimulation the size of the testing response is decreased and when duration of the conditioning amounts to 20-60 sec depression of the testing fall of blood pressure reaches a steady level. Further increase in duration of the conditioning tetanus to 180 sec does not affect the plateau of depression of the testing response. The longest duration of conditioning affecting the size of the testing response is considered to determine the range of control of the testing response exerted by preceding conditioning tetanus. Since the levels of plateau of depression are different for two used frequencies of conditioning, it is suggested that this factor may control the size of the testing response beyond the range of control executed by the duration of the conditioning tetanus. PMID- 60980 TI - [Plasma concentration curves of catecholamines and corticosteroids as well as PBI in swine kept under various conditions and acutely exposed to cold]. AB - The response to acute cold (-5 degrees C) of swine kept single was found to differ from that of animals kept in groups. Such difference in reaction was reflected in significant variation of plasma concentration curves in catechol amines and 11-OHKS during and after acute exposure to cold. The response to cold stimulation of animals kept single was primarily and pronouncedly via the sympathicoadrenal system, whereas animals kept in groups responded to acute cold exposure, with the hypothalamic-adrenocortico-pituitary system playing the major role. Significant rise in PBJ in response to 30 and 90 minutes of exposure to cold was recorded only from animals kept single and interpreted as an expression of strong adrenergic reaction of such probands. Such difference in response to one and the same acute stimulus supported the conclusion that there was a difference in adaptation capacity between animals in those two keeping conditions. The results also suggested that type and degree of organic response to a specific stimulus were likely to depend not only on the intensity of the given stimulus, but also on the control potential produced by all closely interconnected control circuits at the time of stimulation. PMID- 60981 TI - Antigenic characterization of c-type oncornavirus isolated from lymphomatous baboon (Papio hamadryas). AB - Antigens of BILN C-type oncornavirus isolated from lymphomatous baboon were studied in the double immunodiffusion. The major viral protein (P-30) of this virus possesses interspecies antigenic determinants (GS-3). This protein also revealed close antigenic relation to the P-30 of RD-114 and M-7 C-type oncornaviruses. Specific serum against BILN P-30 has been produced. The comparison of the three test-system (P-30s of M-7, RD-114, and BILN, and specific sera against them) did not allow to distinguish these proteins by the method used. PMID- 60982 TI - [Impulse cytophotometric investigations on tumour material (author's transl)]. AB - By impulse cytophotometry (ICP) we can get the distribution of the frequency of cell nuclei as a function of the fluorescence intensity. The interpretation of the curves is only possible on the basis of histophysical and histochemical features. The following problems are discussed: specificity of staining with ethidium bromide, pretreatment, detritus, comparison with other independent methods. The second peak of the karyogram consists of G2-cells and, in polyploidy of tetraploid cells. This peak is often high in cell suspensions of malignant tumours; sometimes we found polyploidy up to 16c. The stem line concept is discussed. The ICP is a valuable aid in exfoliative cytology, but no screening method. PMID- 60983 TI - [Morphological studies on cellfree induced sarcomas in syrian hamster (author's transl)]. AB - Morphological studies on sarcomas induced in syrian hamsters by cellfree transmission are described. The tumour tissue for the cellfree preparations stemmed from a sarcoma, containing C-particles. Basically, three histological groups have been distinguished: 1. neoplasms of the peripheral nerve-sheath, 2. undifferentiated sarcomas, and 3. liposarcomas. Furthermore, a rhabdomyosarcoma, an angiosarcoma and, in a heterotransfection on rat, an osteosarcoma have been established. The great majority of tumours could be transmitted by cellfree preparations. To this neoplasms belong the undifferentiated histological structure. PMID- 60984 TI - Formed blood elements in peritoneal effusion and the macrophage migration inhibition test in healthy guinea pigs and in guinea pigs with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - An attempt was made to correlate the percentages of macrophages, lymphocytes and granulocytes in the peritoneal effusion in healthy guinea pigs and guinea pigs with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), with the macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) test. Varying percentages of the cells had no influence on values of MMI. Similarly, in guinea pigs with EAE, percentages of formed elements in peritoneal effusion were not correlated with intensity of MMI or with histopathologic lesions in the brain and spinal cord. It is suggested that the observed differences are due to individual immunologic responsiveness of animals and, probably, to other hitherto unknown mechanisms. PMID- 60985 TI - Influence of the alpha-globulin fraction isolated from calf serum on graft-versus host reaction in strongly histoincompatible mice. AB - The influence of a two alpha-globulin fractions isolated from calf serum by the method of Mowbray on the graft-v-host reaction (GVH) in the F1 hybrids of inbred mouse strains differing in H-2 locus after administration of parental lymphatic cells was studied. Some of the mice were X-irradiated with 500 R before administration of parental cells. The studied fractions exerted strong suppressive action on the splenomegalic reaction and proliferative phenomena in the spleen, accompanied by intensification of changes in the liver, particularly in irradiated mice, It was concluded that the applied doses of the investigated preparations had no influence on immunologic actvity of the donor's lymph cells, but that they inhibited nonimmunologic proliferation of recipient cells and consequently impaired defense mechanisms in the F1 hybrids. PMID- 60986 TI - Further studies on the influence of calf alpha-globulin on survival of skin allografts in mice. AB - A single injection of 10 mg of alpha-globulin fraction isolated from calf serum prolonged survival of skin allografts in mice provided the preparation was injected two days before grafting. An immunosuppressive effect was also obtained by injecting alpha-globulin in a total dose of 13 mg in the second week after grafting in mice pretreated with antithymocyte serum; On the other hand, such an effect was not obtained when alpha-globulin was injected in the early days after grafting in doses of up to 25 mg per mouse. PMID- 60987 TI - [Tinctorial features of mast cells from the gastroduodenal area]. PMID- 60988 TI - Ribonuclease treatment of tick-borne encephalitis. AB - Clinical trials of the pancreatic ribonuclease (RNAse) in treatment of patients with tick-borne encephalitis were carried out. Two hundred forty-six patients were treated with RNAse and 261 were given antiencephalitic gamma globulin. Administration of 30 mg of RNAse every four hours over a period of five to six days provided stable high concentrations of the enzyme in blood that exceeded normal values by two to three times. An increase of RNAse activity in cerebrospinal fluid also took place. The comparison of RNAse and gamma globulin demonstrated a considerable advantage of the former: under RNAse treatment the temperature normalized on the average of twice as quickly, and a rapid regression occurred in meningeal symptoms and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. In patients treated with RNAse, no adverse reactions or aftereffects were observed. On the grounds of the reported results, RNAse was accepted officially as a new, highly efficient antiviral drug for the treatment of tick-borne encephalitis. PMID- 60989 TI - The chemical composition of wool. XV. The cell membrane couplex. AB - The cell membrane complex of wool has been examined by electron microscopy of stained cross sections after immersion of the wool in formic acid. The cell membrane complex of the cortex is considerably modified by the treatment, but that of the cuticle appears unchanged. Resistant membranes from cuticle cells, cortical cells and wool have been prepared by treatment with performic acid ammonia. Amino acid analyses show that the resistant membranes from the cuticle contain citrulline but those from cortical cells do not. It is concluded that the cell membrane complex of the cuticle differs from that of the cortex. Because of the high lysine content of the resistant membranes, their resistance to chemical attack, the hydrophobicity of epicuticle and the observation of a small amount of epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine, it is postulated that the resistant membranes may contain an appreciable amount of epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine cross links. PMID- 60990 TI - Pyloric stenosis. PMID- 60991 TI - A smear technique for staining elementary bodies of fowlpox. AB - Red-stained elementary bodies of fowlpox virus were detected in smears from lesions of infected chorioallantoic membrane and from skin of infected birds stained by the Gimenez method. PMID- 60992 TI - Endocrine and metabolic indices during progestin (quingestanol) therapy. AB - Quingestanol at 300 y/day was well tolerated during 1 to 12 months of therapy of pre-menopausal and menopausal women with minimal changes, if any, in a battery of routine endocrine and metabolic indices. Serum inorganic phosphorus levels were slightly above the pre-therapy range but still within normal limits during the 12 months of treatment and the mean relative blood volume or hematocrit during the latter 6 months was slightly above the starting value. PMID- 60993 TI - Occurrence of alpha-1-fetoprotein in the mammary gland tissue of men with gynecomastia. AB - Immunohistochemical proof of A1FP production in the mammary gland of a man with gynecomastia is published here for the first time. The immunohistochemical proof of this fetal alpha-1-globulin in the intraductal epithelium of the mammary gland is described on the basis of the case history of a 25-year-old man with a metastasizing malignant teratoblastoma of the gonads. The question, to what extent A1FP-neosynthesis is characteristic for malignant tumors or whether it is a cellular response to specific, in this case hormonal growth stiumli of primary tumors, is also discussed. PMID- 60994 TI - Immunological analysis of structural polypeptides of woolly monkey-gibbon ape type C viruses. Expression of woolly monkey helper viral antigens in cells transformed by woolly monkey sarcoma virus. PMID- 60995 TI - Oncornavirus genes and host proteins. PMID- 60996 TI - Comparison between an avian and a murine viral reverse transcriptase-RNase H complex. PMID- 60997 TI - Antigenic specificity of cell-mediated antitumor reaction in the MSV system. PMID- 60998 TI - Expression of the envelope protein gp70 of murine leukemia virus on normal and leukemic lymphoid cells of mice. PMID- 60999 TI - Phenotypic variants of differentiation-inducible Friend leukemia lines: isolation and correlation between inducibility and virus release. PMID- 61000 TI - Lysis of oncornaviruses by human serum. PMID- 61001 TI - Reverse transcriptase is coded for by the viral RNA. PMID- 61002 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of ammonium-5-tungsto-2-antimoniate (HPA 23). PMID- 61003 TI - Biochemical pharmacology of cytidine analog metabolism in human leukemic cells. PMID- 61004 TI - Antigens in preparations of simian sarcoma virus/simian sarcoma-associated virus reacting with human sera in radioimmunoprecipitation assays. PMID- 61005 TI - New concepts on human myelogenous leukemia based on studies of the simian RNA tumor virus family. PMID- 61006 TI - Mammalian C-type oncorna viruses. Relationships between structural virus and cell surface antigens and their possible significance in immunological defense mechanisms. PMID- 61007 TI - Practical problems for HBSAg subtyping. PMID- 61008 TI - The relation between electrophoretic mobility and serological subtype of HBSAg. AB - The electrophoretic mobility of HBsAg in samples of serum has been correlated with subtype of the antigen. HBsAg samples have been placed in three major groups (ad, ay and 'intermediate') by both methods, and there has been 81.6% agreement between subtype and electrophoretic mobility. PMID- 61009 TI - Australia antigen subtypes. Discussion. PMID- 61010 TI - Subtyping of HBsAg by means of a commercially available radioimmunoassay. PMID- 61011 TI - Determination of subtypic specificities of HBsAg by hemagglutination inhibition and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 61012 TI - HBsAg subtyping by double-antibody radioimmunoassay. PMID- 61013 TI - HBs antigen subdeterminants as serological entities. PMID- 61014 TI - The d, y, x and t determinants. PMID- 61015 TI - The n, j, k and Af determinants. PMID- 61016 TI - The q determinant. PMID- 61017 TI - The g determinant. PMID- 61018 TI - The a(w) subdeterminants. PMID- 61019 TI - The geographical distribution of HBsAg subtypes. PMID- 61020 TI - Subtypes of HBsAg in North America. PMID- 61021 TI - Subtypes of HBsAg in Oceania. PMID- 61022 TI - Subtypes of HBsAg in Europe and Africa. PMID- 61023 TI - Subtypes of HBsAg in Eastern Europe. PMID- 61024 TI - Determination of HBcAg and anti-HBc by immune adherence hemagglutination and association of HBcAg with e antigen. PMID- 61025 TI - Heterogeneity and thermolability of 'e'. PMID- 61026 TI - Australia antigen subtypes identification. Protocol. PMID- 61027 TI - Australia antigen subtypes identification. Results. PMID- 61028 TI - Absence of binding of pancreatic and urinary kallikreins to alpha 2 macroglobulin. AB - Pancreatic and urinary kallikreins failed to form the typical serine proteinase complex with alpha2M (alpha2-macroglobulin). Studies were performed to compare this with the binding of trypsin to alpha2M at various molar binding ratios, with the use of Sephadex G-200 gel filtration to separate free and alpha2M-bound enzyme fractions. The subunit conversion was totally absent with pancreatic kallikrein from lhich traces of a binding proteinase had been removed. The lack of binding is believed to be the result of the restricted specificity of the kallikreins. PMID- 61029 TI - Increased levels of sialic acid associated with a sialidase deficiency in I-cell disease (mucolipidosis II) fibroblasts. PMID- 61030 TI - Phosphorylation on basic amino acids in myelin basic protein. PMID- 61031 TI - Comparison of DNA in the core component from Schmidt-Ruppin RSV transforming virus and non-transforming virus. PMID- 61032 TI - Decreased formation of alpha 2-macroglobulin-protease complexes in plasma of patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 61033 TI - Inhibitory role of cyclic adenosine 3' 5'-monophosphate in histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro. PMID- 61034 TI - Letter: In vivo LE phenomenon in pleural fluid. PMID- 61035 TI - Letter: Serum beta2-microglobulin and SLE. PMID- 61036 TI - [Effect of cromoglicinic acid on the degranulation of mast cells (author's transl)]. AB - An interference microscopic method is described which allows quantitative measurements of the inhibiting effect of the di-sodium salt of 1,3-bis(3-carboxy chroman-5-yl-oxy)-2-hydroxypropand (cromoglicinic acid; Intal; DSCG) on the degranulation of mast cells in vitro induced by polymixin B and Compound 48/80. The specific degranulation inhibiting effect of DSCG is increased in the presence of Ca++ and Mg++ ions. PMID- 61037 TI - 'Incessant' tachycardias in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. I: Initiation without antecedent extrasystoles or PR lengthening, with reference to reciprocation after shortening of cycle length. AB - In 6 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome, repetitive, almost continuous (incessant) reciprocating atrioventricular (AV) tachycardia has been shown to arise when the sinus cycle length was shortened to a critical point, at which unidirectional block occurred without the classical feature of PR prolongation. Though this phenomenon superficially resembles an aspect of chronic intranodal reciprocating tachycardia of children, basic differences can be identified. It was encountered more frequently in younger subjects; the only patient over 45 developed the arrhythmia as a complication of therapy. This incessant mechanism may explain some cases in which antiarrhythmic treatment does not control reciprocating tachycardia in the WPW syndrome, but such a mechanism can also occur spontaneously. PMID- 61038 TI - Tetralogy of Fallot. Risk factors associated with complete repair. AB - Ninety-six consecutive total repairs of the tetralogy of Fallot are reviewed. There was an overall hospital mortality of 8-3 per cent and a total incidence of low output cardiac failure of 18-8 per cent, and this was the principal cause of death and the most important source of postoperative morbidity. In 49 cases there had been a previous palliative shunt procedure and there was a strikingly lower mortality and a highly significant lower morbidity in this group. Other factors which correlated in a positive fashion with increased mortality and morbidity were chronic hypoxia (as evidenced by polycythaemia), age below 5 years, severe postoperative right ventricular hypertension, and (to a lesser extent) extensive right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction. Data are presented to support the hypothesis that a palliative shunt procedure should be considered in the severely polycythaemic child with a surgically 'unfavourable' right ventricular outflow. This policy carries a low early mortality in our hands (5-4%), and is associated with a low mortality (3-9%) at a subsequent repair. This compares with a mortality of 12-8 per cent for primary repair, and the incidence of low output cardiac failure is five times as high in the primary repair as compared to the previously shunted group. PMID- 61039 TI - The detection by immunodiffusion of tumour associated antigenic components in extracts of human bronchongenic carcinoma. AB - Antisera to extracts of a variety of bronchogenic carcinoma were raised in rabbits and extensively absorbed with immunoadsorbents prepared with normal lung extracts cyanogen bromide linked to Sepharose 4B, and glutaraldehyde insolubilized normal lung extracts. The antisera were tested by immunodiffusion against a panel of extracts from a variety of bronchogenic carcinoma, foetal lung extracts and pools of normal lung extracts. The results indicate that two distinct antigenic components are associated with bronchogenic carcinoma; one which is present in a high percentage of the tumour extracts tested and appears to have partial identity with a foetal lung component, and one (or more) which is not foetal and appears to have higher cross-reactivity (but not exclusively) with tumours of the same pathological type. Attempts to detect either antibody or antigens relating to these components in the serum of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma by these techniques were unsuccessful. The foetal cross-reacting component was neither carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha1-foetoprotein. PMID- 61040 TI - The effect of Corynebacterium parvum therapy on immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass levels in cancer patients. AB - Detailed serological studies have been undertaken in a small group of cancer patients receiving nonspecific immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum (C. parvum). These patients included 4 cases of recurrent malignant melanoma, 2 of stomach cancer and 2 of recurrent breast cancer. They all received an initial i.v. infusion of 20 mg of a formol killed suspension of C. parvum followed by 2 mg (i.m.) at weekly intervals for 10-11 weeks. This protocol consistently resulted in an increase in the circulating IgG levels of all patients but had a variable effect on their IgA, IgM and IgE levels. Increases in the concentration of all 4 IgG subclasses contributed to the overall increase in IgG levels and these changes ranked IgG2 greater than IgG1 greater than IgG3 = IgG4. It also had an inconsistent effect upon the levels of alpha-macroglobulin in pregnancy but the levels of normal serum alpha2-macroglobulin were virtually unchanged. Pre existing antibodies to C. parvum were noted in all the patients. Titres rose appreciably following C. parvum administration and remained at high, though fluctuating levels, throughout the 100-day period of observation. Absorption studies suggested that the development of antibodies to C. parvum accounted in part for the increased IgG levels noted following this form of therapy. The significance of these changes in relation to the possible anti-tumour effect of C. parvum is discussed. PMID- 61041 TI - Multi-temperature effects on Hill reaction activity of barley chloroplasts. AB - 1. The relationship between temperature and Hill reaction activity has been investigated in chloroplasts isolated from barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Abyssinian). 2. An Arrhenius plot of the photoreduction of 2,6 dichlorophenolindophenol (DCIP) showed no change in slope over the temperature range 2--38degreesC. The apparent Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) for the reaction was 48.1 kJ/mol. 3. In the presence of an uncoupler of photophosphorylation, methylamine, the Ea for DCIP photoreduction went through a series of changes as the temperature was increased. Changes were found at 9, 20, 29 and 36degreesC. The Ea was highest below 9degreesC at 63.7 kJ/mol. Between 9 and 20degreesC the Ea decreased to 40.4 kJ/mol and again to 20.2 kJ/mol between 20 and 29degreesC. Between 29 and 36degreesC there was no further increase in activity with increasing temperature. The temperature-induced changes at 9, 20 and 29degreesC were reversible. At temperatures above 36degreesC (2 min) a thermal and largely irreversible inactivation of the Hill reaction occurred. 4. Temperature-induced changes in Ea were also found when ferricyanide was substituted for DCIP or gramicidin D for methylamine. The addition of an uncoupler of photophosphorylation was not required to demonstrate temperature induced changes in DCIP photoreduction following the exposure of the chloroplasts to a low concentration of cations. 5. The photoreduction of the lipophilic acceptor, oxidized 2, 3, 5, 6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, also showed changes in Ea in the absence of an uncoupler. 6. The temperature-induced changes in Hill activity at 9 and 29degreesC coincided with temperature-induced changes in the fluidity of chloroplast thylakoid membranes as detected by measurements of electron spin resonance spectra. It is suggested that the temperature-induced changes in the properties and activity of chloroplast membranes are part of a control mechanism for regulation of chloroplast development and photosynthesis by temperature. PMID- 61042 TI - Generation of electric current by chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum and reconstitution of electrogenic function in subchromatophore pigment-protein complexes. AB - Lipoprotein complexes, containing (1) bacteriochlorophyll reaction centers, (2) bacteriochlorophyll light-harvesting antenna or (3) both reaction centers and antenna, have been isolated from chromatophores of non-sulphur purple bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum by detergent treatments. The method of reconstituting the proteoliposomes containing these complexes is described. Being associtated with planas azolectin membrane, ptoteoliposomes as well as intact chromatophores were found to generate a light-dependent transmembrane electric potential difference measured by Ag/AgC1 electrodes and voltmeter. The direction of the electric field inproteoliposomes can be regulated by the addition of antenna complexes to the reconstitution mixture. The reaction center complex proteoliposomes generate an electric field of a direction opposite to that in chromatophores, whereas proteoliposomes containing reaction center complexes and a sufficient amount of antenna complexes produce a potential difference as in chromatophores. ATP and inorganic pyrophosphate, besides light, were shown to be usable as energy sources for electric generation in chromatophores associated with planar membrane. PMID- 61043 TI - Glycine transport by hemolysed and restored pigeon red cells. Effects of a Donnan induced electrical potential on entry and exit kinetics. AB - The influence of a Donnan effect on the transport of glycine by hemolysed and restored pigeon red cells was examined. The Donnan effect was produced by replacing Cl- with 2,4-toluenedisulfonate or glutamate. The effects of the associated membrane potential and inside-outside pH difference on glycine entry and exit rates were examined. The effects of pH on entry and exit rates in the absence of a Donnan effect were also examined. In the absence of a Donnan effect, Na+-dependent glycine entry requires the protonated form of a group with a pKapp of 7.9 and the deprotonated form of another group with a pKapp of 6.8. Neither of these are required for exit but the deprotonated form of a group(s) with a pKapp of 6.2 is required. The pK 7.9 group and pK 6.2 group probably react with H+ at the inner face of the membrane and the pK 6.8 group probably reacts at the outer face. The V for glycine entry was determined for cells with their Cl- largely replaced by toluenedisulfonate and without such replacement. Between pH 6.1 and 7, the ratio of the respective V values, VT/VC1, was 1.5-1.7. VT/VC1 rose above pH 7 to near 4 at pH 8.3. At pH 6.9, with glutamate replacing cell Cl-, the analogous ratio (VGlu/VC1) was 1.7. The increase of VT/VC1 above pH 7 could be quantitatively accounted for by the increase in cell [H+]/medium [H+] caused by the Donnan effect together with the assumption that the pK 7.9 group reacts with H+ at the inner face of the membrane. When cell Cl- was replaced by toluenedisulfonate or glutamate there was a drop in the term in the glycine Km describing Na+ dependence of glycine entry. When cell Cl- was replaced by toluenedisulfonate therewas a rise in the Na+-independent term in the glycine entry Km. By replacing varying amounts of cell Cl- with either toluenedisulfonate or glutamate, plots were obtained of entry rates vs. the cell [Cl-]/ medium [Cl-] ratio consistent with the assumption that the Donnan-induced membrane potential acts on a "moving" charge. Glycine exit was only slightly accelerated by trans toluenedisulfonate. The ratio, exit rate into toluenedisulfonate medium/exit rate into Cl- medium rose with decreasing pH. This rise could be accounted for by a Donnan-induced inside-outside pH difference which affects a pKapp 6.2 group reacting with internal H+. The observed influences of the Donnan effect on V (glycine entry), on both components of Km (glycine entry), on the shape of the plot of glycine entry rate vs. the cell [Cl-]/medium [Cl-] ratio and on glycine exit all fit the assumptions that when the empty porter reorients, one unit of negative charge accompanies it "across" the membrane and that no other steps involve charge movement. The properties of the system seem inconsistent with a translational ("ferry boat") mobile carrier. PMID- 61044 TI - Stimulatory effect of bleomycin on the synthesis of acidic glycosaminoglycans in cultured fibroblasts derived from rat carrageenin granuloma. AB - Cultured fibroblasts derived from rat carrageenin granuloma were treated with bleomycin and the synthesis of hexosamine-containing substances was compared with that in control cells. Four day treatment with o.1 mug bleomycin/ml resulted in a significant increase of the production of these macromolecules by the cells, though DNA synthesis was remarkably inhibited at this dose of bleomycin. The stimulatory effect could be seen as early as the second day of bleomycin treatment, and was enhanced with increasing treatment time. Further fractionation of the hexosamine-containing substances revealed that synthesis of acidic glycosaminoglycans was more sensitive to bleomycin than that of glycoproteins, i.e., acidic glycosaminoglycans increased by 80% and glycoproteins by 53% after four day treatment with 0.1 mug bleomycin/ml. The increased components of acidic glycosaminoglycans included not only hyaluronic acid but also sulphated glycosaminoglycans. Collagen synthesis was increased by 23% by the same dose of bleomycin. N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, one of the degradation enzymes for acidic glycosaminoglycans released into the cultured medium, was decreased significantly by bleomycin. PMID- 61045 TI - Effect of ionophores on intralysosomal pH. AB - 1. The effect of ionophores on the intralysosomal pH (as estimated from the distribution of a weak acid or base), on the distribution of 42K+ across the lysosomal membrane, and on the intralysosomal degradation of 125I-labelled bovine serum albumin has been studied. 2. Nigericin and X537A equilibrate both 42K+ and H+ across the lysosomal membrane. Gramicidin equilibrates H+ across the lysosomal membrane, this equilibration being more effective in a NaCl than in a KCl medium. Thus all three ionophores exhibit the same ion specificity as in other membranes. 3. The effect of the exchange-diffusion ionophores cannot be imitated by the combination of valinomycin with an uncoupler. Valinomycin by itself also has no effect. 4. X537A and nigericin inhibit the intralysosomal degradation of 125I labelled albumin only when potassium is present. In a sucrose-containing medium no effect is found. Similar results were obtained with gramicidin. 5. These data suggest that the lysosomal membrane is impermeable to monovalent cations at 25 or 37 degrees C, and that the transport of protons is organised in such a way that electroneutrality is maintained. PMID- 61046 TI - Plasma factor in schizophrenia. PMID- 61047 TI - Dynamics of fast axonal transport. AB - A phenomenological model of the process of fast axoplasmic transport is presented. The process was conceived of as occurring in two parts: (a) synthesis and storage of material in a cytoplasmic pool; (b) release from the pool and transport distally along the axon. Considering the fate of labeled proteins, the activity at points along the axon relfects events occurring earlier within the pool through the relationship: g(x,t) = const f(t - x/v); where g(x,t) represents axonal activity, f(t) the pool's activity, and v is the transport speed. Using the idea that when there is no further input of radioactivity into the pool its activity declines exponentially due to export of material to the axon. I generalized this concept to the case where activity enters and leaves the pool simultaneously. The model contains two parameters: the relative turnover rate of the pool, alpha, and T, an interval characteristic of the time of synthesis. From this model, the experimental data is unfolded and yields values for these parameters of alpha = 0.004 min-1 and T approximately 60 min. PMID- 61048 TI - N-methylleucine gramicidin-S and (di-N-methylleucine) gramicidin-S conformations with cis L-Orn-L-N-MeLeu peptide bonds. PMID- 61049 TI - Comparison of normal and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocyte surface Ig determinants using peroxidase-labeled antibodies. II. quantification of light chain determinants in atypical lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Five cases of atypical lymphocytic leukemia were investigated with regard to their membrane-associated light chains. Detection and quantitation of antigenic determinants were performed by means of peroxidase-labeled antibodies according to Avrameas et al. The cases studied had clinical and cytologic features in common: an active clinical course, marked splenomegaly, severe anemia and thrombocytopenia, little or no lymph node enlargement, and very high white blood counts with small mature lymphocytes and poorly differentiated lymphoid cells. Blood lymphocytes of all patients carried a single type of light chain, and 90% 100% of the cells were stained. The average number of antigenic sites per cell was 72,500 (range 40,000-97,500). These results differed from those previously found in typical CLL (mean value 9000) and approached the values of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes (90,000). The criteria investigated in this study could be of value for the diagnosis and prognosis of some atypical forms of lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 61050 TI - [Significance of PAS-positive myeloblastic leukemia]. AB - We refer to 48 adult patients suffering from acute myeloblastic leukemia, whose leukemic cells showed a typical cytochemical pattern: i.e. weak staining for peroxydase and with sudanblack B and lacking or only weak staining for nonspecific esterase. In 8 patients the leukemic myeloblasts additionally showed distinct granular staining for polysaccharides using the PAS-reaction. The therapeutic response, the remission rate and the survival time of these 8 cases have been compared to those of 40 patients, whose leukemic myeloblasts differed exclusively in the absence of granular PAS-positive materials. Out of the latter PAS-negative cases 7 patients (18%) went into a complete remission (M1, P1), 5 patients achieved partial remission (M2, P1-2), the 50%-survival time was 4.9 months. Out of the 8 granular PAS-positive cases 4 patients (50%) went into complete (M1, P1), and 1 reached partial remission (M2, P1-2). The 50%-survival time of the cases now lasts 10.1 months and three patients are still alive and in persisting complete remission 19, 12.5 and 12 months after diagnosis. These results suggest a better prognosis and an improved therapeutic response in those myeloblastic leukemias which additionally contain cytoplasmic granular PAS positive materials. PMID- 61051 TI - The effect of benzene hexachloride on the growth and nodulation of peanut plants. PMID- 61052 TI - Lead concentrations in soil and vegetation associated with highways of different traffic densities. AB - Soil lead levels were found to decrease significantly in all traffic areas as distance from the highway increased. Areas of higher traffic volume had greater soil lead levels. Strong trends were shown in vegetation with areas of greater traffic density having greater lead levels than areas of lower traffic density. A decrease in lead levels was also noted in vegetation as distance from highway increased. PMID- 61053 TI - Convulsive action of small single oral doses of the insecticide lindane. PMID- 61054 TI - The use of alpha-adrenergic blockers in benign prostatic obstruction. AB - As a result of previous in-vitro studies on the alpha-adrenergic receptor activity of the human prostate and prostatic capsule a trial was made of alpha adrenergic blockers for the relief of obstructive prostatic symptoms. Considerable benefit was obtained in several groups of patients, as demonstrated either by the relief or prevention of complete retention, or by diminution in residual urine or improvement in urinary flow-rate recordings. A number of illustrative cases are described, and the indications for the use of this treatment are suggested. It is emphasised that this treatment provides symptomatic relief only, and in no sense purports to be a treatment of the enlarged prostate itself. PMID- 61055 TI - The results of surgical treatment for carcinoma of the rectum of St Mark's Hospital from 1948 to 1972. AB - The surgical treatment of 3163 patients seen at St Mark's Hospital with a single adenocarcinoma of the rectum in the years 1948-72 is described and the results analysed. In 2948 patients (93-2 per cent) the primary tumour was removed. The operative mortality fell from 7-0 per cent in the years 1948-52 to 2-1 per cent in 1968-72. The proportion of restorative operations has risen steadily over the years to a level of 41-1 per cent in the years 1968-72. There were 2410 operation survivors in the years 1948-67. The crude 5-year survival rate in the whole group was 47-1 per cent (corrected figure 56-7 per cent), and 56-6 per cent (corrected figure 68-4 per cent) for the 1931 survivors of radical operations. Comparison of results for patients surviving radical synchronous combined excision and radical anterior resection shows a significant difference in the two groups: in the former the crude 5-year survival rate was 52-7 per cent (corrected figure 63-8 per cent), and in the latter group the respective figures were 66-7 and 79-4 per cent. A higher proportion of Dukes' A and B cases and of low grade tumours are shown as the pathological background to the more favourable prognosis for patients surviving radical anterior resection. PMID- 61056 TI - Spontaneous rupture of liver tumours. AB - Five geriatric patients with spontaneous rupture of the liver caused by hepatic malignancies were operated upon without mortality. Liver resection seems to be the treatment of choice, but in selected cases with unresectable tumours ligation of the hepatic artery alone is preferable to an attempt to control haemorrhage by packing and suture. PMID- 61057 TI - Selective uptake and retrograde axonal transport of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase antibodies in peripheral adrenergic neurons. AB - In the present experiments the uptake and retrograde axonal transport of antibodies to dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in adrenergic neurons was studied. When partially purified labelled antibodies to DBH were injected unilaterally into the vicinity of the adrenergic nerve terminals in the iris, radioactive substances accumulated preferentially in the superior cervical ganglia of the injected. By SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation it could be shown that the accumulated radioactivity in the superior cervical ganglion represented antibodies to DBH. This retrograde accumulation was greatly reduced by colchicine, axotomy or destruction of the adrenergic nerve terminals by 6-hydroxydopamine. The rate of retrograde transport was the same as that of nerve growth factor (NGF) and tetanus toxin in sympathetic neurons. The retrograde transport of antibodies was confined to sympathetic neurons and could not be detect in either sensory or motor neurons. PMID- 61058 TI - Inhibition of fast axonal transport of [3H]protein by cobalt ions. PMID- 61059 TI - Supportive and palliative radiation therapy. PMID- 61060 TI - [Increase of resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice caused by Staphylococcus aureus]. AB - In our study of opportunistic pathogens, we have some indication that Staphylococcus aureus can increase resistance in mice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Intraperitoneal injections of sublethal doses of S. aureus had a protective effect in mice against lethal doses of P. aeruginosa, more so if living and coagulase-positive S. aureus strains were injected. This protective effect was obtained both with laboratory and freshly isolated hospital strains. The interval between these infections can be extended from 2 h up to 1 week and it is still possible to observe the resistance phenomenon. The increased resistance was accompanied by a decrease in viable units of P. aeruginosa in the peritoneal cavity of mice 6 h after the injection of this species. There was no protection by S. aureus against Candida albicans in similar experimental conditions. These observations indicate that intermicrobial ecology, understood here as the previous presence of another species in a host, may be a significant factor in the resistance to infection with opportunistic pathogens such as P. aeruginosa. PMID- 61061 TI - [Bidimensional immunoelectrophoretic study of the antigenic composition of the membrane in various mycoplasma strains]. AB - Membrane antigenic composition of Acheloplasma laidlawii PG9, A. granularum BTS 39, and Mycoplasma fermentans PG 18(G) was determined by means of bidimensional immunoelectrophoresis in the presence of sodium desoxycholate 0.5%. Depending upon the mycoplasma species from which membranes were obtained, 7 to 15 antigens were evidenced. Using sodium desoxycholate presents the advantage over non-ionic detergents to dissolve better the mycoplasmic membrane antigenic complexes. A comparative study of five strains belonging to the above-noted species confirms the serological heterogeneity of the Mycoplasmateles order and shows variability at the membrane antigenic composition level of Acheloplasma laidlawii. PMID- 61062 TI - Isolation and characterization of phenotypes of mycobacteria. AB - Several strains of mycobacteria grown as surface pellicle on liquid Sauton's medium under semianaerobic conditions dissociated into three phenotypes: phenotypes 1, 2, and 3. Only phenotype 1 could be obtained in a pure state. None of these phenotypes was found to be stable: they convert from one into another and all revert to the parental strain when replaced in their usual aerobic cultural conditions. Comparative studies of phenotypes 1 and 3 have shown that significant differences exist in their physiological behaviour and antigenic composition. PMID- 61063 TI - Uptake of L-proline by Histoplasma capsulatum. AB - The uptake and incorporation of L-proline by yeast cells of the dimorphic zoopathogen Histoplasma capsulatum were studied. The amino acid was assimilated in at least two ways: by an active transport system with a Km of 1.7 X 10(-5) M and by simple diffusion. The active transport system was sterospecific and severely restricted to neutral aliphatic side-chain amino acids. Certain analogues inhibited L-proline uptake and prevented incorporation of the amino acid into cellular constituents. The inhibition of L-proline uptake by L-leucine was competitive. Since L-leucine and L-proline are seemingly transported by a system with similar characteristics, must be concluded, as originally postulated, that the buckled ring of L-proline, in solution, acts as an aliphatic side chain and that this cyclic amino acid is transported by a system more or less specific for amino acids with neutral aliphatic side chains. PMID- 61064 TI - Disulfiram-ethanol reaction to implanted disulfiram. PMID- 61065 TI - A light and electron microscope study of changes occurring at the cut ends following section of the dorsal roots of rat spinal nerves. AB - Rat dorsal spinal nerve roots were cut; 20 h later the axons in the vicinity of the cut were examined by light and electron microscopy. The changes in the cut tip distant from the ganglion were largely degenerative. On the ganglionic side of the cut a cap of free unmyelinated sprouts was formed. These sprouts contained clear and dense-core vesicles 40-150 nm in diameter, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. Some of the unmyelinated sprouts were extensions of myelinated axons, others arose from myelinated axons by lateral budding. In both myelinated and non-myelinated axons there was an accumulation of mitochondria, tubulo vesicular smooth endoplasmic reticulum and large and small dense-core vesicles for a distance of approximately 500 mum behind the tip. Dense-core vesicles were more common in non-myelinated axons than in their myelinated counterparts. In areas of intense accumulation the non-myelinated fibres were grossly swollen and distorted. The myelinated axons and some of the sprouts contained an unusual type of mitochondrion. The similarity between these sprouts and pre-synaptic terminals is discussed. PMID- 61066 TI - Amplification and characterization of a beta-globin gene synthesized in vitro. AB - Full-length, double-stranded globin DNA was synthesized in vitro starting from rabbit globin mRNA. Several restriction endonuclease cleavage sites with known recognition sequences were mapped on this DNA as a means of assessing the accuracy of in vitro synthesis. By comparing this map with the nucleotide sequences known or predicted from the amino acid sequences of alpha-and beta chain rabbit hemoglobin, it was possible to show that the synthetic globin DNA is a faithful copy of beta-globin mRNA. Amplification of the synthetic globin DNA was achieved by inserting the molecule into the plasmid PMB9 using the poly(dA) (dT) joining procedure, and transforming E. coli with the hybrid DNA. Transformants carrying beta-globin DNA were identified by colony hybridization using purified 125I-beta-mRNA probe. Comparison of the restriction maps of the synthetic and inserted globin DNAs showed that the entire synthetic globin DNA molecule was amplified without sequence rearrangements. Both the synthetic and the cloned DNA include the entire coding sequence of the beta-globin gene plus a substantial portion of the untranslated regions flanking the structural gene. PMID- 61067 TI - Macrophage plasminogen activator: modulation of enzyme production by anti inflammatory steroids, mitotic inhibitors, and cyclic nucleotides. AB - Plasminogen activator production by cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages can be modulated in vitro by low concentrations of various pharmacologically active molecules. Glucocorticoid hormones and their synthetic derivatives, as well as cholera toxin, colchicine, and vinblastine markedly inhibit production of this enzyme without affecting other important macrophage functions. The effect of glucocorticoids is of particular interest, both because their relative in vivo anti-inflammatory potencies correlate exactly with their effect on plasminogen activator production in culture and because this effect occurs at near physiological concentrations. In view of the correlations established in other systems between plasminogen activator production and cell migration, we have also examined the age of the macrophages in thioglycollate-induced exudates. Confirming the results of Van Furth and Cohn (1968), we have found that the majority of these cells are young, having recently replicated and arrived in the peritoneal cavity. Using a fibrinagar overlay technique which allowed us to determine the production of plasminogen activator by individual cells. we have found that the majority of these cells produce the enzyme. The potential roles of plasminogen activator in monocyte migration and the relationship of this enzyme to the anti-inflammatory effect of gluccorticoids are correlated and emphasized. PMID- 61068 TI - The T-cell receptor: just another hypothesis. PMID- 61069 TI - The role of hapten-reactive T lymphocytes in the induction of autoimmunity in mice. I. Establishment of the experimental conditions for the termination of immunological tolerance to human gamma globulin. PMID- 61070 TI - The role of hapten-reactive T lymphocytes in the induction of autoimmunity in mice. II. Termination of self-tolerance to erythrocytes by immunization with hapten-isologous erythrocytes. PMID- 61071 TI - Cellular immunity in gnotobiotic primates induced by transfer factor. PMID- 61072 TI - Spontaneous plaque-forming cells against autologous erythrocytes develop in cultures of normal rabbit appendix cells. PMID- 61073 TI - The similarity of changes in segmental contraction patterns induced by postextrasystolic potentiation and nitroglycerin. AB - Despite a fundamental difference in their underlying mechanisms, both postextrasystolic potentiation (PESP) and administration of nitroglycerin (TNG) have been utilized to predict reversibility of abnormal segmental wall motion in patients with ischemic heart disease. To determine whether these interventions induce the same changes in segmental contraction pattern, we analyzed biplane ventriculograms of 14 patients who had an adequately visualized PESP beat on a basal ventriculogram as well as a post-TNG ventriculogram. Four segments in each plane were defined and the area ejection fraction of each segment was calculated for a basal sinus, PESP, and post-TNG beat. To correct for global differences in the response to PESP and TNG, we normalized each segmental ejection fraction (NSEF) by the ventricular ejection fraction for that beat and then compared the differences in NSEF from the basal value after PESP and TNG. Eleven patients demonstrated similar responses to both interventions. The three patients whose responses were discordant had elevated or unchanged left ventricular systolic or end-diastolic pressures at the time of the TNG ventriculogram. Our data suggest that, provided these pressures are lower than basal values at the time of the TNG ventriculogram, PESP and TNG will induce similar changes in segmental contraction patterns. Seven patients with similar responses had a PESP beat on their post-TNG ventriculogram. Changes in NSEF after PESP+TNG were identical to those after either intervention. This implies that the combination of interventions does not induce further changes in segmental contraction pattern beyond that produced by either intervention alone. PMID- 61074 TI - Serum cholesterol and bile acid in primary hepatoma. AB - The close relationship between serum levels of cholesterol and bile acid has been confirmed in 46 patients with primary hepatoma. Serum levels of cholesterol and bile acid are roughly correlated with serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration. Because the relationship between serum cholesterol and bile acid did not exist in common hepatocellular diseases, the results suggest a peculiar sterol metabolism occurring in human hepatoma. PMID- 61075 TI - [Determination of alpha-1-foetoprotein in human serum by electroimmuno-diffusion on agarose (author's transl)]. AB - The electroimmunodiffusion on agarose has been applied for the determination of AFP in human serum. The proposed method can be used for concentrations between 0.6 and 50 mg/l; the reproducibility was judged to be acceptable. For concentrations higher than 10 mg/l, a good correlation was observed between electroimmunodiffusion and radial immunodiffusion. PMID- 61076 TI - [Biochemical modifications in a case of analbuminemia (author's transl)]. AB - A new case of analbuminemia is described for a six month old child of Algerian origin. The serum albumin concentration was 64 mg/l and its immunochemical action was identical to that of normal albumin. The system reacted by an increase of the synthesis of globulins. For the subject, the alpha1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, alpha2-macroglobulin, transferrin and immunoglobulins M contents were three times higher than the standard figures. However, it was possible to show that the presence of free bilirubin independent from proteins could be detected at a concentration of 17 mumol/l. PMID- 61077 TI - An unusual alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme in a patient with concomitant marked elevation of acid phosphatase without clinical evidence of prostatic carcinoma. AB - An 81-year-old male with congestive heart failure and prostatic hypertrophy was found to have markedly elevated serum acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) and moderately elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1). Alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme analysis was performed to determine the organ source of the enzyme. There was an unsual slow-migrating alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme band in the serum of this patient suggestive of hepatic origin by a variety of biochemical tests. PMID- 61078 TI - Alpha-fetoprotein-like activity in sera from patients with malignant and non malignant disease and healthy individuals. AB - A new method, radio-crossed immunoelectrophoresis, demonstrates alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in sera with a sensitivity of 1 mug/1. By this method AFP with alpha mobility was not found in sera from healthy individuals, patients with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, secondary liver cancer and cystic fibrosis. In some of the sera, AFP was elevated when measured by conventional radioimmunoassay method and the sera contained an AFP-like substance with gamma mobility when analyzed by radio-crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The nature of this gamma substance is still obscure and needs further investigation. PMID- 61079 TI - Dissociation between TSH and prolactin dynamics in treated thyrotoxicosis. AB - TSH and prolactin secretory patterns in thyroid disease have generally been reported as concordant. We studied TSH and prolactin responses to TRH infusion (500 mug) in euthyroid individuals previously treated for thyrotoxicosis with 131I or antithyroid drugs. The 131I-treated group (seven men, twenty women) had been clinically and biochemically euthyroid (normal serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels) for 6 months to 4-5 years (kappa +/- SD = 17-1 +/- 4-1 months). Based on maximal TSH increment (deltaTSH), three patient groups were identified: Group 1 [normal deltaTSH, n = 6]: delta prolactin was normal in two, blunted in one and exaggerated in three. Group 2 (exaggerated TSH response, n = 8): delta prolactin was normal in two, blunted in one and exaggerated in five. Group 3 (TSH nonresponders, n = 13): delta prolactin was normal in five, blunted in three, and exaggerated in five. Eleven patients (three men, eight women) were studied after 6 months antithyroid-drug treatment. All were clinically and biochemically euthyroid. All but one showed a blunted TRH-TSH response. All three men showed an exaggerated delta prolactin as did four of eight women. Three women showed a blunted delta prolactin and in one, delta prolactin was normal. Thus, TRH-induced TSH and prolactin response patterns in treated thyrotoxicosis are not uniformly concordant, and, while a blunted or absent TSH response commonly persists long after euthyroidism has been restored, this is most frequently accompanied by a normal or exaggerated prolactin response. PMID- 61080 TI - [Effects of halofenate on thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and thyroid function tests using TBG]. PMID- 61081 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of a new thyroid gland function test with TRI TAB, TETRA-TAB]. PMID- 61082 TI - [Serum thyroid hormone test with TETRA-TAB and TRI-TAB]. PMID- 61083 TI - [Thyroid gland function tests, CK-T3R and CK-T4R]. PMID- 61084 TI - [Antigen specific to spermatozoal cell membrane and male sterility--isolation of specific antigen]. PMID- 61085 TI - Canine visceral leishmaniasis with amyloidosis: an immunopathological case study. PMID- 61086 TI - Antibodies to human native and denatured collagens in synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 61087 TI - Appraising the development of a preschool child by means of a standardized report prepared by the mother. The Minnesota Child Development Inventory. PMID- 61088 TI - Tissue and hepatic subcellular distribution of liposomes containing bleomycin after intravenous administration to patients with neoplasms. AB - 1. Liposomes containing 111In-labelled bleomycin were injected intravenously into two patients. One patient had a hepatoma and the other had secondary adenocarcinomatous deposits in the liver. 2. The tissue distribution of 111In was determined by whole-body scanning and by measurement of the radioactivity in organs at autopsy. 3. Scans in vivo and post-mortem measurement of radioactivity indicated that liposomes accumulate predominantly in the liver, but that there is no selective uptake of liposomes by the malignant tissue. 4. The subcellular distribution of radioactivity in the liver was measured 90 min after injection by fractionation of percutaneous liver biopsies on sucrose density gradients. 5. Radioactivity within the liver was concentrated in lysosomes. 6. Electron microscopy of tissue obtained before the administration of liposomes revealed particles morphologically indistinguishable from liposomes in hepatoma cells and hepatocytes. PMID- 61089 TI - [Immunoglobulins in therapy]. PMID- 61090 TI - Medical administration in the Sudan, 1899-1970. PMID- 61091 TI - Dr. Johnson and Dr. Herberden. PMID- 61092 TI - Editorial: New directions in medical history. PMID- 61093 TI - Thalidomide in America: a brush with tragedy. PMID- 61094 TI - [Some aspects of rabies in the 18th century]. PMID- 61095 TI - Biochemical correlates of schizophrenia. PMID- 61096 TI - Subpopulations of B lymphocytes: physical separation of functionally distinct stages of B-cell differentiation. PMID- 61097 TI - Pathways to immunological tolerance: an approach through the study of maturing B lymphocytes. PMID- 61098 TI - Tolerance to contact hypersensitivity. PMID- 61099 TI - Structure and function of beta2-microglobulin. PMID- 61100 TI - An attempt at an interpretation of the mouse H-2 complex. PMID- 61101 TI - The function of macrophages in T-lymphocyte antigen recognition. PMID- 61102 TI - Regulation of immune responses by suppressor T cells. PMID- 61103 TI - A test of granulocyte membrane integrity and phagocytic function. AB - An assay of granulocyte viability has been developed which yields information about rwo important cell parameters, cell membrane integrity and phagocytic activity. The assay is based on the fact that only live cells can accumulate fluorescein, which is enzymatically split from the nonfluorescent substrate fluorescein diacetate. Dead cells, on the other hand, become permeable to the fluorescent red dye ethidium bromide. When cells are exposed first to opsonized zymosan particles, which they can phagocytize, then to a combination of these fluorescent dyes, one can distinguish microscopically between dead cells with fluorescent red nuclei, live cells which fluoresce green, and live cells with phagocytic function which are swollen with the pink zymosan particles in a green fluorescing cytoplasm. This assay takes 20--30 min and can be used to distinguish different degrees of cellular damage after cryopreservation. PMID- 61104 TI - Cryoprotectant-treated myocardium evaluation. AB - Whole excis ed rat hearts were treated with 5, 10, or 15% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide/glycerol and then some were frozen in liquid nitrogen while the balance remained unfrozen. Freezing and thawing rates were approximately 30degreesC/min. Ventricular tissue was examined for histological damage, glycogen depletion, and enzyme sites, using histological, histochemical, and electron microscopy techniques. Early signs of cellular degeneration and ischemia were observed in all unfrozen groups; depletion of glycogen reserves, fuchsinophilic staining, vacuolization and granulation of the sarcoplasm were noted. Results from frozen groups were similar, but ultrastructural damage was more severe and extensive. Alkaline phosphatase and succinic dehydrogenase sites were abundant in unfrozen specimens and absent or markedly reduced in frozen specimens which also exhibited widespread nonspecific staining throughout intercellular spaces. PMID- 61105 TI - [Intraoperative vital staining of insulinoma using toluidine blue-o]. AB - A case is reported in which in vivo staining of insuloma cells was performed intraoperatively, using Toluidine Blue-O. The surgical problems of islet-cell tumors are discussed with special regard to the indication of in vivo staining as a definite method of intraoperative identification of these tumors. PMID- 61107 TI - [Effects of gestagens on early phases of pregnancy in cattle. Clinical experiences. 2. Early diagnosis of pregnancy]. PMID- 61106 TI - Mechanisms of chromosome banding. IX. Are variations in DNA base composition adequate to account for quinacrine, Hoechst 33258 and daunomycin banding? AB - Prior studies on subfractions of mouse and Kangaroo rat DNA have suggested that variations in base concentration within a given genome may not be great enough to account for Q-banding. To examine this with another species, calf DNA was subfractionated by CsCl ultracentrifugation into GC-rich satellites and the main band DNA was further fractionated into AT-rich, intermediate and GC-rich portions. The effect of varying concentrations of these DNAs on quinacrine and Hoechst 33258 fluorescence was examined. Although with both compounds there was less fluorescence in the presence of the GC-rich satellites than main band fractions, these results per se did not answer the question of whether the variation in base composition alone was adequate to account for chromosome banding. To answer this the fluorescence observed in the presence of DNA of a given base composition was related to the fluorescence observed in the presence of DNA of 40% GC content (F/F40). This allowed the derivation of a term B which indicated the relative change in fluorescence per 1% change in base composition of DNA. To determine the percent change in fluorescence observed in Q-banding, the photoelectric recordings of Caspersson et al. (1971) were used. From these data we conclude: 1. Quinacrine is twice as sensitive to changes in base composition as Hoechst 33258. 2. Variation in the base content of DNA along the base content of DNA along the chromosome is sufficient to account for most Q banding, except possibly for some of the extremes of quinacrine fluorescence. This was further examined with daunomycin. Even though daunomycin gives good fluorescent banding, DNAs varying in base composition from 100 to 40% GC content all resulted in the same relative fluorescence of 0.03. However, in the presence of poly (dA-dT) the relative fluorescence was 0.85, indicating a great sensitivity to very AT-rich DNA. This suggests that with daunomycin and possibly other fluorochromes, stretches of very AT-rich DNA may be more important in fluorescent banding than simple variation in mean base composition. PMID- 61108 TI - [Model experiments in pheasants with 1 insecticide (Lindane), 1 herbicide (Terbutryn), 1 mineral fertilizer (calcium ammonium salpeter) and 1 fungicide (HEC). V. Sensitivity of various serum enzymes for detection of organ damage following pesticide load. Residues in liver, adipose- and muscular tissue]. PMID- 61109 TI - [The inventor of veterinary medicine. The Cheiron legend and its symbolic meaning]. PMID- 61110 TI - The dimension of time in biology and medicine--chronobiology. PMID- 61111 TI - Molecular biology of cartilage. PMID- 61112 TI - The lampbrush chromosomes: their morphology and physiological importance. PMID- 61113 TI - Melanin pigmentation in mammals. PMID- 61114 TI - Immunological surveillance and toxicity in mice exposed to the organophosphate pesticide, leptophos. PMID- 61115 TI - The transfer of J blood-group activity from J-containing bovine serum to J negative erythrocytes. AB - The J blood-group activity of bovine serum is contained both in a lipid and in a nonlipid fraction. This is also true for calf serum. It demonstrated that the J determinant is transferred from a serum protein onto the erythrocyte membrane by incubation in vitro. Even though the donor of J activity is a lipid-free serum protein (probably a glycoprotein), the transferred J activity is detectable only in the lipid fraction of erythrocytes. Thus, the J determinant (probably a carbohydrate unit) must have been detached from a serum glycoprotein and transferred to a lipidic receptor (probably a glycosphingolipid) at the erythrocyte membrane. It is suggested than an enzyme system located in or at the erythrocyte membrane is responsible for the transfer of J substance. The transfer of J substance is inhibited by a polar lipid present in bovine serum. PMID- 61116 TI - Late results following cryosurgery of the prostate in 111 high-risk patients. AB - The so-called cryoprostatectomy was performed on 111 high-risk patients from November 1970 to December 1975 (60-month period). 86 patients (78.5%) had an adenoma and 25 patients (21.5%) a carcinoma of the prostate. During this period of time 1,085 more patients with adenoma or carcinoma were treated by open prostatectomy or TUR. Experience has shown that cryoprostatectomy should be performed only on high-risk patients whose physical condition excludes operation and the only alternative would be continuous urethral catheter drainage. Any further indication must be rejected. PMID- 61117 TI - The avascular nephrotomy. AB - A simple and innocuous method for colouring the renal cortex is proposed. It makes visible, during the operation, the line of demarcation between different arterial areas and allows the performance of nephrotomies with minimal trauma to the renal parenchyma and a minimum of subsequent renal destruction by ischaemia. It is indicated as a complement to renal hypothermia, for the removal of complicated and extensive lithiasis; it can also be helpful in easier cases when hypothermia in not required. PMID- 61118 TI - Uretero-colic anastomosis by the 'cuff' or 'flap' procedure--Goodwin's modified technique: preliminary report. AB - Goodwin's procedure of uretero-colic anastomosis under direct vision, performed completely extraperitoneally by the endo-intestinal route marks a considerable progress when compared with the different variations of Coffey's operation. This technique may safely be applied after palliative cystectomy for proliferating bladder cancer if the anastomosis is performed at some distance from the common site of pelvic recurrence, and is provided with a system against back flow. In this regard the 'cuff' process seems quite satisfactory. PMID- 61119 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in patients with renal adenocarcinoma. AB - The lymphocytotoxicity test was used to study the existence of immunologically active lymphocyte reactions in patients with renal carcinoma at different stages. In 9 patients with an advanced renal carcioma (stage IV) a low lymphocytotoxicity was found, while the examination of 7 patients with stage I and II renal tumours showed a high value of the lymphocytotoxicity test. The clinical importance of the lymphocytotoxicity test is discussed with special interest in a possible immunotherapy. PMID- 61120 TI - Iglesias resectoscope with simultaneous irrigation, suction and low intravesical pressure. AB - A resectoscope with continuous irrigation, suction and low intravesical pressure has been described. Advantages of this instrument include: no interruption, better endoscopic vision by a continuous clear inflow of more than 500 ml/min at 70 cm pressure, less bleeding, no air bubbles, constant intravesical pressure less than 10 mm Hg during TUR, permitting the absorption of the irrigant, shorter operating time, easier teaching and no more wet floor and wet surgeon. Since the entire amount of irrigating fluid is collected, blood loss can be calculated and the amount of absorption determined. PMID- 61121 TI - Autologous blood transfusion in elective transurethral prostatic surgery. PMID- 61122 TI - Placebo-controlled double-blind study in human benign obstructive prostatic hypertrophy with flutamide. AB - A double placebo-controlled study using the anti-androgen non-steroidal compound Flutamide in 32 patients with benign enlargement of the prostate is reported. A statistical analysis of the results showed no difference between the group treated with Flutamide and the group receiving the placebo, except in as far as 'the size' of the prostate was concerned. We observed a significant reduction of the latter in patients receiving Flutamide. The different problems produced by the choice and the measure of parameters in this type of investigation have been discussed. PMID- 61123 TI - The expression of human beta2-microglobulin on human spermatozoa. AB - The expression of human beta2-microglobulin was detected on human spermatozoa from 7 donors using a cytotoxicity assay and indirect immunofluorescence. Inhibition experiments using purified beta2-microglobulin demonstrated the specificities of these reactions. We were able to localize beta2-microglobulin on human spermatozoa on the post-acrosomal region at a similar location to those described for HL-A antigen and for early embryonic antigen +t12, but also at the end of the intermediary piece and the beginning of the tail. PMID- 61124 TI - Beta2-microglobulin on the cell surface. Specificity of inhibition of the mixed leukocyte reaction and mitogenic properties of antibodies against the two HLA antigen polypeptide chains. AB - Intact antibodies, and F(ab')2, and Fab' fragments thereof directed against beta2 microglobulin (beta2m) and the HLA alloantigenic polypeptide chain impede the mixed leukocyte culture reaction (MLR). The Fab' fragments are effective only when bound to the responder cell population. The kinetics of their inhibiting action suggest that they interfere with the recognition phase of the MLR. Thus, it seems possible that beta2m may be part of or closely associated with those structures on the responding cells which recognize the stimulatory alloantigens. Antibodies against beta2m or the other HLA antigen polypeptide chain are mitogenic for peripheral blood lymphocytes. The antibodies against beta2m caused greater stimulation than those against the HLA alloantigenic polypeptide chain. Only bivalent antibodies against beta2m were mitogenic and promoted blast transformation of 1 to 2% of the lymphocytes. Although only B lymphocytes were triggered, the mitogenic response of cultures containing various proportions of B and T cells suggests that cooperation of the two cell types is necessary to obtain optimal mitogenic stimulation. PMID- 61125 TI - Suppression of human nucleolus organizer activity in mouse-human somatic hybrid cells. PMID- 61126 TI - The length of parallel fibers in the cat cerebellar cortex. An experimental light and electron microscopic study. AB - Experimental light and electron microscopic studies were carried out to determine the length of parallel fibers in the cat cerebellar cortex. Using a fine surgical knife, vermal and hemispheral folia were cut perpendicular to their long axis. The animals were sacrificed 1-10 days after the operation. Sections of the transected folia were then stained with a Fink-Heimer procedure. The resulting degeneration appeared as fine dots that extended lateral to the lesion, as predictable from the course of the parallel fibers. Densitometer readings indicate that the density of degeneration declines gradually lateral to the lesion. The specificity of the silver impregnation was checked by processing silver stained sections for electron microscopy. This confirmed the location of the silver precipitate on degenerating parallel fibers. The pattern of parallel fiber degeneration in the molecular layer has a trapezoidal configuration centered on the lesion. The shorter parallel fibers are located at the base of the molecular layer and extend for 5 mm. The parallel fibers become progressively longer as they approach the pial surface where they attain a maximum length of 7 mm. Our studies suggest that in folia longer than 7 mm parallel fibers are 6 mm long on the average. In addition, it was determined on Golgi sections that the average center-to-center distance between en passant boutons of individual parallel fibers is 5.2 mum. The data indicate that an average parallel fiber, 6 mm long, forming approximately 1100 boutons, may synapse with each Purkinje dendritic tree it traverses. PMID- 61127 TI - Concanavalin A receptors in the plasma membrane of rat liver cells: comparative electron microscopic studies on normal cells and on cells in vivo transformed by diethylnitrosamine. AB - The Concanavalin A receptors at the cell surface of normal rat liver cells and of those in vivo transformed by diethylnitrosamine were comparatively studied by electron microscopic cytochemistry. Besides different agglutinability of the cells a variable surface staining of the cells by the Con A-peroxidase reaction (BERNHARD and AVRAMEAS 1971) was observed. After performance of the cytochemical reaction on living normal rat liver cells in situ a continuous cell surface staining was seen. In transformed rat liver cells a marked tendency for patchy distribution of the Con A label at the cell surface occurred. Furthermore, internalisation of Con A-peroxidase labeled plasma membrane segments was visible in the transformed cells. A similar variable labeling by Con A-peroxidase reaction occured also in the "basal" plasma membrane of normal and transformed rat liver cells. The results are discussed with respect to the importance concerning the mobility of lectin receptors and membrane stability. PMID- 61128 TI - Technique for the visualization of exchange aberrations in human chromosomes. AB - A technique for the visualization of chromatid exchange in human chromosomes is described. Additon of the base analogue 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) into PHA stimulated lymphocyte cultures and subsequent staining with the benzimidazol compound "33258 Hoechst", and Giemsa, results in differential fluorescence or staining of sister chromatids in second division metaphases. This technique allows an accurate scoring of sister chromatid exchanges, and could be used in the evaluation of the effect of external agents on the induction of previously unrecognized chromatid exchanges in human chromosomes. PMID- 61129 TI - Correlation of light and electron micrographs of human metaphase chromosomes after incorporation of BUdR and staining with "33258 Hoechst" and Giemsa. AB - Stained (Giemsa, "33258 Hoechst"1) and "33258 Hoechst" + Giemsa) and unstained metaphase chromosomes from human peripheral lymphocytes, after two rounds of replication in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), have been prepared for electron microscopy. There is a positive correlation between light and electron micrographs. The same differential contrast on electron micrographs has been obtained whether the preparations have been stained or not. We attribute this differential contrast primarily to the lesser condensation of the bifilarly substituted chromatid. PMID- 61130 TI - [Necroses in the granular cell layer of the cerebellum due to methylchloride intoxication in guinea pigs (author's transl)]. AB - QUESTION: Neurotoxic action of methylchloride was reported by various authors. As this solvent is widely used in chemical industry the morphological changes in the CNS of guinea pigs due to methylchloride intoxication were comparatively studied by light- and electron-microscopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 19 guinea pigs of both sexes (body weight 300-600 g) were individually exposed to inhalation of methylchloride mixed to normal breathed air in a 2 Vol.-% amount in a pressurised vessel of 20,000 cm3 volume (details on the experimental arrangement see VOLK 1973) for each 10 min 6 times a week. 3 control animals were fed like the experimental animals and exposed to normal breathing air for the same time in the pressurised vessel. The experimental period varied between 7 and 70 days, the number of inhalations was between 6 and 61. At the end of the experiment the animals were sacrificed by perfusion with 3% buffered glutaraldehyde under Thiogenal anesthesia. For light microscopy paraffin sections were prepared from tissue samples of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, mesencephalon, spinal medulla and spinal ganglia (stainings: HE; Turnbull's blue; Nissl; Kluver Barrera; Mallory; Bodian and Kossa). For electron microscopy tissue blocks of the cortex, corpus callosum, striatum, mesencephalon and cerebellum as well as of spinal medulla and spinal ganglia were postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in Araldit in the common way. RESULTS: Clinical observations--9 animals showed normal behaviour after 32 inhalations in 37 days.--6 animals displayed staggering, atactic moving of the head, retardation in spontaneous reactions and mobility. Ataxia and paresis of the hind legs occurred earliest after 17 inhalations. 4 animals showed all these symptoms only after 25 days. Morphological findings: Macroscopy: Occurrence of necroses in the cerebellar cortex was mainly observed in the lower part of the vermis; pressings of tissue in the occipital foramen, tissue swellings around the aqueduct and consecutive enlargement of the lateral ventricles occurred. Light microscopy: Changes in the Stratum granulosum in the lower part of the vermis as pyknosis of the cell nuclei and hydropic swelling of the cytoplasm (fig. 1a) were seen after 10 days. Focal necroses of the granular layer as well as "Status spongiosus" and edema occurred after 21 days (fig. 1b). In later phases these alterations were also present in other regions of the vermis and of the cerebellum, too. Furthermore, edema of the Lamina dissecans, hydropic swelling of the Bergmann's glia and marked edematous transformation of the molecular layer were observed. In this phase the hitherto intact Purkinje cells responded to the intoxication by homogenization of the cytoplasm and cell necroses. Electron microscopy: Initially an increase in density of the nuclear chromatin of the granular cells was observed associated with formation of homogeneous electron dense chromatin fragments which were finally released to the perikaryon (figs. 2a, 2b)... PMID- 61131 TI - The use of flurorescein investigations with concanavalin A, Lens culinaris lectin and Ricinus communis lectin. AB - Investigations on methods for the utilization of fluorescein-isothiocyanate labelled Concanavalin A, Lens culinaris lectin and Ricinus communis lectin for immunohistological demonstration as simple sugar moieties are reported. The stainings were carried out on rabbit erythrocytes. Ehrlich ascitee tumor cells and various mammalian tissues. Optimum results were obtained in living cells and native cryostate tissue sections. The influence of different fixing agents and conditions of fixation on the degree of tissue flurorescence were studied. Generally the fluorescense decreased by aldehyde fixation. Similar effect was observed following fixation by heat. Furthermore, changes in the pattern of fluorescence depending on the type of tissue and utilized lectin were observed after aldehyde fixation. The degree of tissue fluorescence was fairly independent of the pH value. The specificity of the particular reactions for saccharide demonstration was shown; glycerol is capable of a differently strong "hapten like" action. PMID- 61132 TI - The proliferative activity of the adrenal cortex as influenced by carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic substances. AB - A single oral toxic dose of carcinogens (N-nitrosomorpholine, aflatoxin B1, N- methyl-N-nitrosourea, urethan) causes a significant increase of the mitotic rate in the adrenal cortex 48 hours after application. Both, the control animals (water via stomach tube) and the animals treated with acetylsalicylic acid, arsenic, phenol and actinomycin D do not produce this effect. These findings confirm our previous results obtained by administration of acetylaminofluorene, diethylnitrosamine, dimethylnitrosamine and trinitroso-trimethylen-triamine. It is possible that the increased mitotic activity of the adrenal cortex is correlated with the substances applied. PMID- 61133 TI - Effects of the liver homogenate obtained following partial hepatectomy on cirrhosis of the liver. AB - The authors studied the influence of liver homogenates as a whole and collected at various intervals after partial hepatectomy on cirrhosis of the liver. The lyophilized homogenates were administered over a period of 6 weeks to various groups of albino rats pretreated with CCl4 for a period of 6 months. The normal liver homogenate did not influence the histological and biochemical picture of the hepatocirrhosis. The material collected 48 hours after partial hepatectomy causes a moderate stimulation of the mechanisms of parenchymatous regeneration. 7 days after partial hepatectomy (in the postmitotic period) the hepatic regenerate shows a biological effect with lysis of collagen fibres and protection of parenchymatous cells. PMID- 61134 TI - The chemical structure of capreomycin. AB - The chemical structure of capreomycin, antituberculous peptide antibiotic, was revised from the results of NMR-analysis in comparison with tuberactinomycins. Capreomycin IA and IB were concluded to possess the similar amino acid sequences in their cyclic peptide moieties to those of tuberactinomycins. PMID- 61135 TI - A simple staining technique to demonstrate chromosomal DNA replication. AB - With the BrdU technique here described, Giemsa stained metaphases with either early or late replicational patterns can be obtained within 1 day after cell harvesting, showing a better resolution than 3H-thymidine autoradiography. PMID- 61136 TI - Investigation of group-specific antigen during the culture of MC-29 hepatoma. AB - The short-time culture established from MC-29 chicken hepatoma was used for the analysis of cell morphology and expression of avian gs antigen. The content of gs antigen was not changed during the period of cultivation. Two morphologically different types of cells were present in tested tumour cells. Fluorescent antibody test showed the presence of gs antigen in both types of cells. PMID- 61137 TI - [Rhinosporidiosis: clinical aspects, epidemiology and ultrastructural studies on Rhinosporidium seeberi]. AB - The author revises the main clinical aspect of the disease as well as its dignosis and its treatment. Rhinosporidium seeberi, first described by J.R. Seeber in 1900, then exhaustively investigated by J.H. Ashworth in 1923, has been accepted up to now as a phycomycete. Inside of the sporangial bodies, part of the polyp characteristic of the disease, are found spores, and in the spores, spherules, considered by Ashworth as food material. In 1955 the author did challenge the view of Ashworth because he had been able with the Feulgen stain to demonstrate the presence of DNA attached to the spherules. The results obtained by Vanbreuseghem were confirmed in 1964 by W.A.E Karunaratne and R. Cameron and Dorothy Russel. They were later confirmed in India by Lakshmanan. In an effort to understand better the real nature of Rhinosporidium seeberi which so far has never been successfully cultivated or inoculated in any animal, a study with the ultramicroscope has been done. Although it is difficult from the results obtained so far to decide of the real nature of R. seeberi, no proof has been found to confirm the theory of Ashworth. Quite evidently much has to be done to decide of the real nature of this interesting parasite. PMID- 61138 TI - Brain and sperm cell surface antigen (NS-4) on preimplantation mouse embryos. PMID- 61139 TI - Fibrinolysis and diabetic retinopathy. AB - The spontaneous fibrinolytic activity of the blood is abnormally low significantly more often in persons with diabetes mellitus than in nondiabetic controls. The fibrinolytic response stimulated by venous occlusion is poor six times more frequently in diabetics than in controls, and the fibrinolytic activity of the endothelial cells is abnoramlly low in one-fourth of the diabetics tested. These changes are not related to the duration of diabetes. However, if patients with long-standing diabetes (greater than 10 years) are separated into those with retinopathy and those without, it is found that those who remain free from opthalmoscopically visible retinopathy have an almost normal fibrinolytic response on stimulation, while the others have a significantly lower response. This difference seems to be caused by a faulty plasminogen activator release mechanism. Compared with the other diabetics, those with retinopathy also have a significantly increased level of fibrinogen and of alpha2-macroglobulin, a protein that acts as an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. These findings imply a poor defense mechanism against fibrin deposits in the vessel walls in diabetes, which might contribute to the development of diabetic microangiopathy. PMID- 61140 TI - Direct effects of glucagon on protein and amino acid metabolism in the isolated perfused rat liver. Interactions with insulin and dexamethasone in net synthesis of albumin and acute-phase proteins. AB - The isolated rat liver perfused for 12 hours at pH 7.10 with a suspension of bovine erythrocytes in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 3 per cent bovine serum albumin has been used as a test system to study effects of glucagon and of dexamethasone in the presence and absence of insulin on net biosynthesis of rat serum albumin, fibrinogen, alpah1-acid glycoprotein, alpha2-(acute phase) globulin, and haptoglobin. Quantitative measurement of perfusate glucose, amino acid nitrogen, and urea affords a basis for determining net glucose and nitrogen balance in the perfusion system. Although the dose of dexamethasone (total 1.0 mug.) used was insufficient to induce synthesis of alpha2-acute phase globulin, net syntheses of albumin, fibrogen, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and haptoglobin were increased. Glucagon given with dexamethasone depressed albumin and haptoglobin synthesis markedly, but not that of fibrinogen and alpha1-acid glycoprotein. Glucagon with dexamethasone markedly enhanced ureogenesis and glycogenolysis and elicited an exaggerated negative nitrogen balance. The unfavorable effects of glucagon on albumin and haptoglobin synthesis and on nitrogen balance were reversed by giving insulin simultaneously. It is emphasized that insulin is essential for positive nitrogen balance. PMID- 61141 TI - Modulation by alpha-2 macroglobulin of human lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens and antigen. AB - The effect was studied of purified alpha-2 macroglobulin (a potent and polyvalent protease inhibitor) on normal human lymphocytes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, or by purified protein derivative as an antigen. At physiological concentration alpha 2 M has been found to inhibit mitogenic as well as antigenic stimulation. However at lower dilutions alpha 2 M acts in synergy either with the mitogen or with the antigen. At these dilutions thymidine incorporation is enhanced. alpha 2 M has no toxic or mitogenic effect on normal human lymphocytes. These data might indicate that two proteases may play a role in the proliferation of normal human lymphocytes. PMID- 61142 TI - Extinction, retention and induction of serum protein secretion in hepatoma fibroblast hybrids. AB - The production of four serum proteins has been analysed in several hepatoma fibroblast hybrids. Extinction of albumin and alpha-foetoprotein production occurs systematically in intra and interspecific (rat X mouse) hybrids derived from mouse hepatoma cells (BW). Similar hybrids derived from two related clones of rat hepatoma cells either do not produce albumin (Fa32-derived hybrids), as the BW-derived hybrids, or retain the capacity to produce it, but at a reduced rate (Fu5-derived hybrids); some differences in the control of albumin production thus seem to exist between clonal hepatoma cell lines. The mouse hepatoma cell hybrids retain the capacity to secrete transferrin at a reduced rate, and C3 (the third component of complement) at a high rate. Further analysis of C3 production in interspecific hybrids showed that both parental genomes actively contribute to C3 production: induction of C3 secretion is thus observed in these hybrids. PMID- 61143 TI - Combined use of bleomycin in radiotherapy of a mouse mammary carcinoma. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine TCD50 (50% tumor control dose) of 3rd generation isotransplants of a C3H mouse mammary carcinoma treated or not treated with Bleomycin. If the antibiotic was injected 30 min before a single X-ray dose, TCD50 was reduced. This reduction in TCD50 was independent of Bleomycin dose of more than 15 mg/kg, because of the upward-concave nature of Bleomycin dose-cell survival curve. The combined effect, when tested by TCD50 assays, appeared less than additive. This effect was further examined by a series of TD50 assays which revealed that these tumor cells were capable of repairing the potentially lethal damage induced by X-rays and that induced by Bleomycin. It was also found that the potentially lethal damage after combined X-ray and Bleomycin treatments was repaired. These findings indicated that the combined X-ray and Bleomycin treatment resulted in additive effect if the repair of potentially lethal damage in tumor cells were taken into account. PMID- 61144 TI - Immunohistological studies on alpha1-fetoprotein and alpha1-acid glycoprotein during azo dye hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. AB - The relationship between morphological changes in the liver during azo dye hepatocarcinogenesis in rats and cell proteins, especially alpha1-fetoprotein and alpha1-acid glycoprotein, was investigated by the immunofluorescence method. The isoelectric focusing fractionation was made to isolate alpha1-acid glycoprotein from normal rat plasma and to obtain a crude antigen containing alpha1 fetoprotein from rat amnionic fluid. The specific fluorescence of alpha1 fetoprotein was detected in the cytoplasm of the transitional cell and the cancer cell with rather a small ratio of cytoplasm/nucleus. The immunohistological study of alpha1-acid glycoprotein suggests that the intracellular concentration of the protein may decrease in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in hyperplastic nocules, but may increase in the cytoplasm of bile duct cells, oval cells, transitional cells, and cancer cells. Based on these findings, a rational doubt is cast on the general assumption that the cancer cell originates from the hepatocyte in the hyperplastic nodule. PMID- 61145 TI - Increased alpha1-fetoprotein production in rat liver injuries induced by various hepatotoxins. AB - Serum alpha1-fetoprotein (AFP) concentration in 5-week-old rats was measured by the radioimmunoassay technique after a single administration of various hepatotoxins. Marked elevation of serum AFP concentrations occurred in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide, D-galactosamine, allyl alcohol, allyl formate, and ethionine in 4 days of these treatments. The increased production of AFP appeared to be correlated with the induction of liver glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) among biochemical parameters studied for hepatocellular injuries. However, the difference in time courses of the increase in liver G-6-PD activity and serum AFP level following CC14 treatment suggested that the increased production of serum AFP and the induction of G-6-PD in injured liver were caused by closely related but different mechanisms. Pretreatment of CC14-injured rats with N,N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine or aminoacetonitrile was effective not only in lowering the increased level of serum AFP and liver G-6-PD but also in preventing liver cell necrosis and steatosis induced by CC14. Treatment with a lower dose of thioacetamide resulted in littel elevation of serum AFP and liver G-6-PD with a markedly increased incorporation of 3H thymidine into liver DNA without any evidence of liver injury. On the other hand, the administration of ethionine, which caused little necrosis of liver cells, produced increase in both serum AFP and liver G-6-PD levels with an only small increase of hepatic DNA synthesis compared to those following thioacetamide as well as CC14. These results suggest that the elevation of serum AFP is not directly related to the stimulation of hepatic DNA synthesis. Some additional mechanisms of specific gene amplification for AFP, which is geared to hepatic injury per se, appear to play a major role in the increased AFP production in injured liver. PMID- 61146 TI - Detection of e antigen and antibody: correlations with hapatitis B surface and hepatitis B core antigens, liver disease, and outcome in hepatitis B infections. AB - Testing for e antigen and antibody (anti-e) was performed by immunodiffusion and counterelectrophoresis in patients with polyarteritis nodosa fulminant hepatitis, and chronic active hepatitis (CAH), in 59 asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) who underwent liver biopsy, and in 150 carriers followed with sequential SGPT determinations. Counterelectrophoresis was more sensitive that immunodiffusion. Neither e antigen nor anti-e was found in the absence of HBsAg. Among HCsAg-positive patients with polyarteritis nodosa and CAH, e antigen was found in 16 of 18 and 13 of 22, respectively. It was not found in any of 43 patients with fulminant hepatitis, of whom 24 were HBsAg-positive. The e antigen was detected in none of 13 biopsied carriers with normal histology, 4 of 28 with nonspecific changes of 11 of 18 with CAH or chronic persistent hepatitis. Conversely, anti-e was present in 9 of 13 with normal biopsy, 7 of 28 with nonspecific changes, and none of 18 with CAH or chronic persistent hepatitis. The e antigen was found more commonly in nonbiopsied carriers with elevated SGPT, and anti-e in those with normal SGPT. Six carriers whose antigenemia terminated spontaneously had anti-e. The presence of e antigen correlated with a high titer of HBsAg, and with immunofluorescent detection of hepatitis B core antigen in the nuclei of hepatocytes. Conversely, anti-e was associated with significantly lower titers of serum HBsAg (P less than 0.001) and lack of detectable hepatitis B core antigen in the liver. PMID- 61147 TI - [Hormone therapy in advanced cases of uterine corpus cancer]. PMID- 61148 TI - [Differential chromosome staining in testicular femimization syndrome]. PMID- 61149 TI - [Virus etiology of lymphomas and leukemias in man]. PMID- 61150 TI - [Significance of reappearance of serum alpha-fetoprotein in the adult rat]. PMID- 61151 TI - [Round heart disease in turkeys]. PMID- 61152 TI - Fluorescent Y-bodies in interphase nuclei: medicolegal aspects of false negative males. PMID- 61153 TI - [Significance of serum digoxin concentration and its influencing factors]. AB - In recent years it has become possible by means of a radioimmunoassay to measure Digoxin concentration in the serum of digitalized patients. With this method it could be shown that the resorption of Digoxin is decreased by partial resection of the samll intestines, by malabsorption syndromes, after ingestion of Neomycin, Colestyramine and antacids. In renal insufficiency, however, the elimination half life period of Digoxin is increased conspiciously (from about 35 hours up to about 120 hours). This results in a raised serum concentration of cardiac glycosides unless the dosage is decreased considerably. The incidence of Digitalis intoxication in Digitalis treated patients has been reported to rank as high as 20%. There is, however, no strict correlation between the serum glycoside level and the clinical symptoms, because the glykoside concentration in the serum does not represent the pharmacologically active concentration at the receptor. Experimental investigations of cardiac glycoside binding to the receptor for cardiac glycosides in human heart cell membranes revealed, that receptor bound Digoxin for instance is diminished in serious renal insufficiency and it depends on the serum concentration of potassium, calcium and magnesium. In hypoxia, after myocardial infarction and in myxedema the sensitivity for cardiac glycosides is increased. The opposite is true in hyperthyreoidism, fever and in children. All of these factors have to be kept in mind and paid attention to in the clinical evaluation of the measured Digoxin concentration in the serum. PMID- 61154 TI - [Significance of serum alpha-fetoprotein determination. Experiences with our own radioimmunoassay]. AB - Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was determined by a new radioimmunoassay in the sera of patients with different liver diseases. Compared to a normal group (n = 140, AFP levels below 15 ng/ml), most elevated AFP concentrations were found in 18 patients with primary liver cancer (PLC), 7 of whom showed Ouchterlony-positive levels (above 10,000 ng/ml). In 3 cases with liver cirrhosis, PLC was first suggested by high AFP levels between 1000 and 3600 ng/ml and later confirmed by histology. On the other hand, only 6 from 15 patients with other primary tumors and liver metastasis had AFP concentrations between 20 and 111 ng/ml. In 90% of 102 patients with liver cirrhosis AFP levels below 20 ng/ml were determined, while 13 cases showed elevated values up to 134 ng/ml. A transitory AFP increase between 20 and 238 ng/ml was seen in 32% of 63 cases in the early stage of acute hepatitis but 65% of 31 these cases in follow-up studies. 3 of 7 cases of chronic hepatitis gave similar results. The maximal AFP levels developed following the maximal transaminase activities by 5-18 days and coincided with a decrease of cholinesterase activity. The radioimmunological determination of AFP is recommended for earlier detection of the development of PLC in liver cirrhosis patients. PMID- 61155 TI - [New aspects and methods in gastroenterological diagnosis]. AB - Advances in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases are achieved by development of new methods and by an improved analysis of the obtained data. New aspects of screening examinations for gastrointestinal cancer in high risk groups concern endoscopic-bioptic methods, the endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreaticography, the ultrasonically-guided percutaneous fine-needle biopsy and immunological procedures. An increasing number of gastrointestinal peptides can be determined by radioimmunoassay. Breath tests may improve diagnosis in malassimilation. PMID- 61156 TI - [Persistent diarrhea in rheumatic disease]. AB - The case history of a 52-year-old male with weight loss, steatorrhea and arthritis is presented. During clinical pathological conference, Whipple's disease was strongly suggested. The diagnosis could be proved morphologically. Antibiotic therapy with tetracycline 1 g daily for three months caused a prompt improvement. Small bowel biopsy showed disappearance of PAS-containing macrophages. PMID- 61157 TI - [Health education by means of audio-visual media. Information, transformation, motivation]. PMID- 61158 TI - Interactions of glycosaminoglycans with DNA and RNA synthesizing enzymes in vitro. AB - The sulfated glycosaminoglycans chondroitin 4-sulfate, chondroitin 6-sulfate, keratan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparin, and glycosaminoglycan polysulfate are competitive inhibitors of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase). The unsulfated glycosaminoglycans chondroitin and hyaluronate are without any influence on the synthesis of DNA and RNA. The strongest inhibitor is a glycosaminoglycan polysulfate with four sulfate groups per disaccharide unit. It has the following inhibitor constants: DNA polymerase, Ki = 1.5 X 10(-6) M; RNA polymerase, Ki = 0.9 X 10(-6) M; reverse transcriptase, Ki = 1.1 X 10(-6) M. The inhibition is closely correlated to the degree of sulfation of the glycosaminoglycans. There is a relationship between the sulfate/hexosamine ratio and the degree of inhibition. The inhibition of the DNA and RNA synthesizing enzymes by sulfated glycosaminoglycans depends on the nature of the template. With double-stranded DNA as template, inhibition occurs only when sulfated glycosaminoglycans are added before or shortly after (30 s) initiation of the synthesis. There is no inhibition if the inhibitors are added after the onset of the synthesis. On the other hand, with a single-stranded template synthesis was blocked completely at each phase of reaction. PMID- 61159 TI - Proceedings: The structural basis of antibody specificity. PMID- 61160 TI - Proceedings: Recognition and allostery in the function of immunoglobulins. PMID- 61161 TI - Sunshine and the geographical distribution of the alleles of the Gc system of plasma proteins. AB - Following the discovery by Daiger et al. (1975) that the Gc proteins of human plasma act as the carriers of vitamin D, the authors have plotted on a world map all available data on the frequency of the allele Gc2, and compared the distribution with that of sunlight. With some exceptions high frequencies of Gc2 correspond to low levels of sunlight and vice versa. Similar comparisons within Ireland show no such relation. The results are discussed in relation to natural selection and the incidence of rickets, due to vitamin D deficiency. PMID- 61162 TI - Late-replicating ring X-chromosomes identified by R-banding after BrdU pulse. Three new examples of mosaicism 45, XO/46, Xr(X). AB - A detailed chromosome analysis was carried out in 3 patients presenting the mosaicism, 45, XO/46,Xr(X). In 2 patients, the r(X) chromosome was found to be late-replicating using R-banding techniques after a BrdU pulse administered 6 h before harvesting the leukocyte culture. The clinical symptomatology presents the great variability already observed in association with this karyotype. Only a short stature was common to the 3 patients. Case 1 is a 6-year-old girl with moderate mental retardation; case 2 is a 16-year-old girl with primary amenorrhea and absence of secondary sexual characteristics; case 3 is a 24-year-old woman whose puberty and normal sexual development occurred at age 17. PMID- 61163 TI - [Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis and rheumatoid arthritis. A case with diagnostic and therapeutic questions (author's transl)]. AB - A 34 years old white male patient suffering from a seropositive "probable" rheumatoid arthritis developed a severe hypocomplementemic mesangiocapillary glomerulnophritis. Rheumatoid factor-Latextest and Waaler-Rose-Titers and IgM have been found highly elevated in the serum. The third component of complement (C3) was markedly depressed, while the fourth component (C4) was within the normal range. The rapid progression of both diseases forced us to start an immunosuppressive drug therapy using azathioprine and steroids, 18 months after the beginning of the treatment the patient is well, has only slight proteinuria, normal levels of complement and no joint pain. The possible connections between rheumatoid arthritis and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis in this case as well as the therapeutic approaches are discussed. PMID- 61164 TI - [Beta2-microglobulin: structure and function of an immunoglobulin-homologue (author's transl)]. AB - The low molecular weight protein beta2-microglobulin can be isolated from urine and other biological fluids. There is structural homology of beta2-microglobulin with the immunoglobulins, in particular to the CH3 domaine of the IgG molecule. Beta2-microglobulin can be detected on the cell membrane of most cell types and is associated with the histocompatibility antigens in a non-covalent binding. The immunological function of beta2-microglobulin is unclear. Antibody against beta2 microglobulin inhibits the mitogen- and antigen induced lymphocyte proliferation as well as responder and stimulator cell function in the mixed lymphocyte culture. The lack of structural polymorphism of beta2-microglobulin argues against a direct receptor function. It is more likely that beta2-microglobulin exerts a receptor-coordinating effect on the various receptor systems. PMID- 61165 TI - Immunological interspecies cross-reactions of fibroblast surface antigen (fibronectin). PMID- 61166 TI - Fc receptors and Ia antigens. AB - Antibody against Ia antigens inhibits the ability of B lymphocytes to bind aggregated immunoglobulin and to form EA rosettes. The explanation suggested for this phenomenon has been that Ia antigens are identical to or closely associated with Fc receptors. But a variety of observations preclude acceptance of this explanation since inhibition is also demonstrable with antibody against a wide variety of B cell surface components, including H-2K, H-2D, beta2 microglobulin, immunoglobulin, Ly 4.2. Furthermore, Fc receptor function can be separated from Ia antigens by capping or by isolation of membrane components. It seems likely that the mechanism of inhibition of Fc receptors by antibody against Ia antigens is part of a broader spectrum of effects induced when antibody binds to cell membrane antigens. PMID- 61167 TI - Immunology of the acetylcholine receptor. AB - Myasthenia gravis is a spontaneously occurring autoimmune disease in which antibodies and lymphocytes are specifically reactive with nicotinic ACh receptors of skeletal muscle. Antibodies reactive with junctional receptors of human muscle are found in 90% of patients with myasthenia gravis and not at all in other diseases. Their capacity to cross the placenta suggests their involvement in the pathogenesis of neonatal myasthenia. The role of the thymus in myasthenia gravis remains a mystery, but it has a recently been established that the thymus contains nicotinic ACh receptors and that anti-receptor antibodies are present in myasthenic thymuses. Antibodies of myasthenic patients detect only partial cross reactivity between ACh receptors of different species. However, greater antibody binding is observed with receptors isolated from denervated rat muscle than with receptors from normal rat muscle. This suggests that extrajunctional and junctional ACh receptors might express different antigenic determinants. Although human antibodies bind minimally to ACh receptors of the electric organs of eels and marine rays, lymphocyte reactivity to electric eel receptors is found in high incidence in myasthenic patients. This suggests that electric organ and mammalian muscle ACh receptors may share more lymphocyte-defined than serologically-defined antigenic determinants. Both cellular and humoral immune responses to ACh receptors can be induced experimentally. Sufficient antigenic homology exists between receptors of different species that electric organ receptors are capable of inducing in mammals experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Syngeneic muscle receptor also is immunogenic in rats. Induction of both myasthenia and antibodies to ACh receptor requires participation of thymus-derived lymphocytes. The majority of ACh receptors in myasthenic rat muscle exist complexed with antibody, but antibody is not bound directly to the receptor's ACh-binding site. Anti-receptor antibodies in vitro are capable of impairing the electrophysiological function of ACh receptors with minimal blocking of the ACh binding site and in the absence of complement. Thus, myasthenia gravis and its experimental model provide unique biological tools for studying the structure, function and pathology of cell membrane receptors. PMID- 61168 TI - Immunology of the thyrotropin receptor. AB - Antibodies to the thyrotropin receptor appear to be responsible for hyperthyroidism in Graves' disease. The antibodies, described as thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) mimic the effects of thyrotropin (TSH) by binding to the TSH receptor and activating adenylate cyclase. TSAb consist of an electrophoretically heterogeneous population of IgG and the thyroid-stimulating site is formed by combination of heavy and light chains in the Fab part of the molecule. Binding studies indicate that the TSAb molecule interacts monovalently with membrane bound TSH receptors and that TSAb consists of an antibody population which shows a restricted heterogeneity with regard to TSH receptor affinity. Studies in patients with Graves' disease and hyperthyroidism indicate that the levels of TSAb correlate well with thyroidal iodine uptake and the absence of pituitary control of thyroid function. However in some patients with ophthalmic Graves' disease or autoimmune thyroiditis there is evidence of serum antibodies which interact with the TSH receptor but are unable to stimulate thyroid function. PMID- 61169 TI - Immunological aspects of sperm receptors on the zona pellucida of mammalian eggs. AB - Sperm receptor sites on the surface of the zona pellucida are believed to be necessary for fertilization on the mammalian egg. Ovary specific antibodies are known to precipitate the zona pellucida and are also responsible for inhibition of sperm binding and subsequent fertilization. The nature of the proposed receptor sites which are blocked by antibodies are discussed relative to comparable studies in which phytoagglutinins and other agents are used to determine the chemical nature of sperm receptor sites. PMID- 61170 TI - Serological types of streptococci encountered in Southern India. PMID- 61171 TI - The use of enzyme markers for the identification of human peripheral B lymphocytes. PMID- 61172 TI - Effect of monoamine depletors on brain gamma-aminobutyric acid content of mice. PMID- 61173 TI - Acute oral toxicity of hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) in albino rats. PMID- 61174 TI - Rapid quantitation of interferon with chronically oncornavirus-producing cells. AB - The capacity of interferon to inhibit virus production in cells chronically infected with oncornavirus enabled us to develop a simple system for interferon quantitation that was independent of exogenous viral infection. The release of the virus to the culture medium was determined by its reverse transcriptase activity. The inhibitory effect of interferon in this system was linearly proportional to the log of its dilution over a range between 5 and 80% inhibiton. The sensitivity of the system was comparable to that of the vexicular stomatitis virus plaque reduction assay, whereas its reproducibility was found to be even better. This method is very rapid and can be completed within less than 24 h. PMID- 61175 TI - Complement-mediated killing of Acholeplasma laidlawii by antibodies to various membrane components. AB - Mycoplasmas are useful models for biochemical studies of the mechanism of complement-mediated killing by antibodies to various membrane components. The purpose of this study was to determine the membrane antigens involved in immune killing of Acholeplasma laidlawii. Antibodies to A. laidlawii membrane total lipids, glycolipids, and phospholipids could be induced in rabbits after injection of reaggregates of the purified lipids with Mycoplasma hominis protein as the carrier. Killing of A. laidlawii membrane lipids were less effective than anti-membrane protein antisera in killing the organisms. Of the antisera to lipid components of A. laidlawii membranes, antiserum to phospholipids showed a more pronounced killing effect than antiserum to glycolipids. The antibodies to A. laidlawii in the rabbit antisera belong predominantly to the immunoglobulin G class of immunoglobulins. Double-diffusion tests in agar indicated that two immunologically reactive proteins are located on the membrane surface. PMID- 61176 TI - Reverse plaque formation by hog cholera virus of the GPE-strain inducing heterologous interference. AB - A simple and rapid plaque procedure was developed for the assay of hog cholera virus (HCV) of a particular strain, GPE-, based on its intrinsic interference with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) on the primary swine testicle cells and on an established swine kidney cell line; the procedure is called the reverse plaque formation (RPF) method. The plaques were produced as colonies of HCV-infected cells which were VSV-sensitive, disintegrated cell sheet. These plaques became visible after 15 to 20 h of superinfection with VSV done 2 days after an initial inoculation of the GPE- strain. The plaque formation was inhibited by a specific antiserum against HCV. All cells within the plaque had HCV antigen detectable by fluorescent-antibody staining. The variations of reverse plaque count were low enough to permit virus titration. The relationship between virus concentration and the number of plaques was essentially linear. The titer measured by the RPF method was a little higher than that of the tube culture interference method. PMID- 61177 TI - Peroxidase staining in elicited and nonelicited mononuclear peritoneal cells from BCG-sensitized and nonsensitized mice. AB - The peroxidase (PO) activity in nonelicited macrophages and in casein-elicited monocytes, obtained from peritoneal cavities of nonsensitized and BCG-sensitized mice and cultivated on glass for 1 or 2 h, was studied by light and electron microscopy, using the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine technique. These two types of glass adherent peritoneal cells differed in PO activity. In macrophages, PO activity was predominantly in the nuclear envelope, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and occasionally in vesicles of the Golgi apparatus. In monocytes, PO activity was confined to cytoplasmic dense bodies resembling lysosomes, and was greater at 10 and 24 h after elicitation than at 96 h. The BCG sensitization did not significantly alter the proportion of cells with PO-positive granules in macrophages or monocytes from that observed in nonsensitized mice. From its lysosomal site, the PO in monocytes could come into contact with those microorganisms whose ingestion by these cells was followed by phagolysosome formation. PMID- 61178 TI - Specificity of inhibition of epithelial cell adhesion of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Inhibition of epithelial cell adhesion (attachment) for individual strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is antigenically distinct. PMID- 61179 TI - The effect of new technologies in the training and utilization of dental auxiliaries in the US armed forces--Navy. AB - The dental health care requirements of Navy and Marine Corps personnel exceed the treatment capabilities of the Navy Dental Corps. Through the effective training and efficient utilization of the various categories of auxiliaries, members of the naval service have all essential care completed. The staff of the Dental Technicians School has developed a task-based/self-paced curriculum for the basic dental assisting course. In the task-based curriculum instruction is limited to the psychomotor domain. Background knowledge from the cognitive domain is included only to the extent that the information is needed to perform designated tasks. There are 229 tasks in the inventory of the 12 week basic dental assisting course. These are organized into 17 instructional modules covering all aspects of chairside dental assisting. Student evaluation is based on demonstrated performance of the tasks and is graded on a pass/fail standard. The new curriculum is believed to be unique in dental auxiliary education. Because of the highly successful results in improving the quality of graduates, the positive student enthusiasm and acceptance of task-based instruction and the overall revitalization of every dimension of the basic dental assistant training program, development teams have begun to convert the other three courses of instruction conducted at the Dental Technicians School to the task-based curriculum format. PMID- 61180 TI - The histamine release process and concomitant structural changes in rat peritoneal mast cells. In vitro study on effects of compound 48/80 and the dependence of the process on cell preparation, temperature and calcium. AB - Two morphologically different populations of rat peritoneal mast cells were observed in response to incubation with compound 48/80. Type 2 mast cells: cells with distinct contours exhibiting intracellular vacuoles containing altered granules and without signs of granule liberation; Type 3 mast cells: cells with indistinct countours and with varying number of granules liberated. The absence of calcium in the medium, high temperature (37 degrees C) in the presence as well as in the absence of calcium favoured type 2 versus the type 3 cells. The isolated mast cell population was less morphologically heterogeneous than the mixed cell population in response to the addition of compound 48/80. It is concluded that mast cells might release a great part of their histamine content without a concomitant liberation of the granule matrixes. The varying morphological pictures observed after incubating of mast cells with compound 48/80 is due to variable factors inherent to the experimental procedures. PMID- 61181 TI - Keratinization. PMID- 61182 TI - The reconstruction of a fragment of primordial genetic information from modern proteins: PGI-FI (AHAP). AB - In a continuation of earlier studies the connection between a reconstructed ancestral histone IV peptide and various sequences from non-histone proteins was investigated. This peptide, AHAP, was found to be related to partial peptides from the human encephalitogenic protein, immunoglobulin L-chains, fibrinopeptide A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase, TMV coat protein and several other proteins and protein families; for comparison, nodal sequences were employed wherever possible. The widespread occurrence of genetic information expressed in AHAP caused us to rename the peptide PGI-FI (primordial genetic information fragment 1) since this peptide is apparently part of a very primitive and ancient genetic information, and may be called "protogene". PMID- 61183 TI - Nurse training: how much of it is education? PMID- 61184 TI - Correlations between clinical findings and urinary flow rate in benign prostatic hypertrophy. AB - Measurement of urinary flow rate was carried out on 39 male patients with bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy. All patients were over 50 years of age. Ten subjects, by clinical evaluation, had doubtful bladder outlet obstruction, nine had mild obstruction and 20 patients had moderate or severe obstruction. Four criteria were used for clinical diagnosis: obstructive symptoms, size of prostate by rectal digital exploration, volume of postmicturition residual urine and degree of bladder trabeculation seen on cystourethroscopy. Considerable inaccuracy results from basing the degree of impairment of urinary flow on the patient's obstructive symptoms, degree of prostatic enlargement, postmicturition residual urine or degree of bladder trabeculation. Severe obstruction symptoms generally indicate impaired urinary flow but the absence of obstructive symptoms does not exclude impaired flow. PMID- 61185 TI - The effect of a 6FG urethral catheter on urinary flow in benign prostatic hypertrophy. AB - Free voiding and micturition alongside a fine indwelling urethral catheter of similar voided volumes of urine were recorded for 43 men over 50 years of age. All had benign prostatic hypertrophy. Ten men had no bladder outlet obstruction, seven had clinically questionable obstruction, nine had slight obstruction and 17 had moderate or severe bladder outlet obstruction. I found no statistically significant lowering of peak flow rate when voiding was carried out alongside an indwelling 6FG catheter in subjects with no obstruction and with various degrees of bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy. My findings demonstrate that the lower urinary tract is not a simple hydrodynamic system but a biologically functioning organ. The bladder outflow tract possesses considerable elasticity and accommodation. The present findings justify the use of the fine perurethral catheter technic for urodynamic studies, particularly in subjects with clinically questionable bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy. PMID- 61186 TI - Patterns of urinary flow in benign prostatic hypertrophy. AB - Multiple urinary flow recordings were carried out on 51 men and without bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy. All patients were over 50 years of age. Six urinary flow patterns (types 0-5) were defined. Types 0-3 were found in patients without obstruction, while all six patients were observed in those with clinical obstruction. Following prostatic surgery, only types 1, 2 and 3 were found. Only type 5 flow pattern can be determined by flow rate alone because it is by definition on the curve obtained when peak flow rate is below 4 ml per second. In this study, no type of flow pattern was characteristic of bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic hypertrophy. The supposedly characteristic type of flow pattern in this clinical condition reported by earlier workers is mainly a result of a difference in the age distribution between their control and test groups. PMID- 61187 TI - Physical and chemical determinations of prostatic secretion in benign hyperplasia, prostatitis, and adenocarcinoma. AB - With a view to detecting early biochemical changes in diseased prostate glands, polyamines, zinc, cholesterol, and physical measurements of pH and specific gravity were determined in expressed prostatic secretion. The pH of prostatic secretion from normal men was found to be higher than previously reported in the literature. The other measured substances and specific gravity were found to be decreased in prostatitis whereas the specific gravity was markedly elevated in those patients with adenocarcinoma. Clarification of physicochemical studies on prostate secretion may lead to a system of better monitoring the course of prostate disease. PMID- 61188 TI - Integration of genomes of infectious RNA viruses. PMID- 61189 TI - Vesicular stomatitis virus (measles) pseudotypes: tool for demonstrating defective measles infections. AB - Mixed infection of Vero cells with measles and vesicular stomatitis viruses gives rise to phenotypically mixed infections virus particles possessing the properties of pseudotypes. Similar results were obtained when vesicular stomatitis virus was used to superinfect a defective measles system. PMID- 61190 TI - Glycosaminoglycan staining in diseasesed dog skin. AB - Diseased skin of dogs was stained using the critical electrolyte concentration Alcian Blue method, PAS methods, and the high iron diamine technique. Digestion with testicular hyaluronidase and chondroitinase was also used to evaluate the staining results. Diseased skin exhibits a tendency for the glycosaminoglycans to revert to the condition seen in juvenile normal skin: epidermal glycoprotein content falls, total glycosaminoglycan content and the proportion undigested by hyaluronidase rises, and sulphation falls. In collagen, both hyaluronidase-stable material and sulphation increase, but follicle basement membrane does not show this trend towards the juvenile state. PMID- 61191 TI - Cellular patterns of post-mortem glycogenolysis in longissimus dorsi muscles of pigs at different live weights. AB - Serial frozen sections of longissimus dorsi muscles from twelve Canadian Yorkshire breed pigs at different live weights (13-86 kg) were stained for glycogen by the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction and reacted for NAD tetrazolium reductase to determine the mitochondrial content of muscle fibres. Sections from muscles taken immediately post mortem and at 5 hr post mortem were compared and the patterns of glycogenolysis in high, intermediate and low mitochondrial content fibres were assessed on the basis of the percentage of initially PAS-positive fibres which became PAS-negative 5 hr post mortem. This form of assessment was necessary because not all fibres were PAS-positive immediately post mortem. In smaller pigs, only a few muscle fibres depleted their stainable glycogen by 5 hr and most of these fibres had a high mitochondrial content. In larger pigs, most or all initially PAS-positive fibres became PAS negative 5 hr post mortem. Fibres with a low mitochondrial content accounted for most of the glycogenolysis detected histochemically in larger animals. The overall percentage of PAS-positive fibres was related to glycogen concentration (mg/g), r = 0.52, P less than 0.025, when samples with all PAS-positive fibres were excluded. PMID- 61192 TI - The effect of EDTA and metal cations on the 5-bromoindoxyl acetate esterase activity in the thyroid of the guinea pig. AB - Miscellaneous metal cations and EDTA have been used as activators and inhibitors of esterase activity in the thyroid of the guinea-pig. The results indicate that the 5-bromoiondoxyl acetate esterase in the epithelial cells probably consists of two different A-esterase isoenzymes, one present in group I cells (the para-, intra-, and inter-follicular cells) and the other in group II cells (the follicular cells proper). The first isoenzyme seems to be calcium-dependent whereas the other is activated by various metal ions. Ca2+ + Mn2+ and Ca2+ + Co2+ were found to activate the esterase activity in group I cells. EDTA and Mn2+, on the other hand, activated the esterase activity in group II cells. PMID- 61193 TI - [Light microscopic findings of cryosurgically treated tonsils following chronic tonsillitis (author's transl)]. AB - The light microscopic findings of tonsillar tissues from nineteen patients (aged 13-51) with the clinical diagnosis of chronic tonsillitis are described at sequential intervals following cryosurgical treatment. The Cooper instrument was used, containing liquid nitrogen and capacity limited cryoprobes as well as probes of a flow system. Two consecutive freeze-thaw cycles were used during a single session in each patient, with freezing time varied from 30 seconds to three minutes. In addition to primary cryosurgical tissue changes such as hyperemia, edema, inflammation, necrosis, fibroplasia with capillary increase, collagenous fibrosis and reepithelialisation, the following could be found: 1. A different cryosensibility of the cells and fibers within the cryolesion: The tonsillar septae are much more resistant to cold than the lymphoid tissue. Of this latter tissue, the reticulin cells and the lymphoblasts are more sensitive to the cold changes than are the matured lymphocytes. In the epithelium the stratum basale is as sensitive to cold as the lymphoreticulum. The outer epithelial cells are more resistant to cold than the basal cells. 2. A quick proliferation in the periphery of the cryolesion is seen in the form of an acanthosis and papillomatosis which begins before slough of necrotic debris occurs. 3. Sharp demarcation and protracted sloughing of necrotic epithelium from the free tonsillar surface or crypts and lymphoid tissue can be seen. 4. Reepithelialization can first be seen following slough of the cryonecrosis twenty days following cryosurgery, after which total reepithelialization occurs. PMID- 61194 TI - [Five-years synchronized radiotherapy in treatment of carcinoma of the head and neck: clinical results, 1970--1974 (author's transl)]. AB - Increased tumor radiosensitivity can be achieved by the technique of synchronisation, although as yet this relationship has only been partial. Our clinical experiences from 1970-1974 with this technique lead to the following considerations: 1. Synchronized radiotherapy (Telecobalt) is administered twice weekly, independent of adjunctive medications (such as fluoro-uracil, vincristin or bleomycin). 2. Synchronized radiotherapy does not change previous indications for operative intervention. 3. The described technique permits successful treatment of advanced tumors as well as postoperative tumor recurrences of recurrences in previously-irradiated tisssues. 4. The radiosensitivity of poorly oxygenated tumor tissues may be increased. 5. Radiation dosage must not be reduced. 6. Distant tumor metastases can also be treated with additional chemotherapy (as synchronized chemotherapy). PMID- 61195 TI - Chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 61196 TI - Half body radiotherapy. PMID- 61197 TI - Radiation therapy for osseous metastasis. PMID- 61198 TI - Usefulness of immunology and hormonal markers in the treatment of testis tumors. PMID- 61199 TI - Detection of O,O-diethyl-O-(2,5-dichlorophenyl) phosphorothioate and O,O-diethyl O-(3,6-dichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate in meat fat. AB - Two previously unreported organophosphorus residues have been detected in meat fat. The first, O,O-diethyl-O-(2,5-dichlorophenyl) phosphorothioate, apparently results from the debromination of bromophos-ethyl, while the other, O,O-diethy-O (3,6-dichloro-2-pyridyl) phosphorothioate, presumably arises by the monodechlorination of chlorpyriphos. Mass spectral evidence is presented in support of the assigned structures and gas-liquid chromatographic retention data for the residues and their oxygen analogs are provided. PMID- 61200 TI - The appraisal of mediated materials for use in a modular curriculum. AB - The faculty of the Nurse-Midwifery Education Program at the Medical University of South Carolina utilized a specially designed appraisal process to select mediated materials for use in the modules of their student-centered, self-paced curriculum. This appraisal process was successful and may serve as a model for other programs. PMID- 61201 TI - Medical education, patient care and visual media. PMID- 61202 TI - Metabolic requirements for interactions between nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes in the repair of damaged Amoeba nuclei. AB - Amoeba nuclear envelopes were damaged using microsurgery, and metabolic requirements for the steps in their repair were studied, and my placing the cells in a solution containing one of several metabolic inhibitors. The first step in repair, the association of pieces of endoplasmic reticulum with holes in the nuclear membranes, appears to be a passive process since it was not affected by inhibitors of energy production, RNA synthesis, or protein synthesis. In contrast, fusion of pieces of endoplasmic reticulum with the nuclear membranes at the margins of the holes was blocked by KCN and dinitrophenol, indicating that membrane fusion requires energy derived from respiration, but RNA and protein synthesis inhibitors did not prevent fusion of pieces of endoplasmic reticulum with the nuclear membranes. The subsequent completion of repair and restoration of intact nuclear membranes was almost completely blocked by inhibitors of respiration, and it was reduced in the presence of actinomycin and emetine, suggesting that in addition to a requirement for energy, some later steps in the repair of the nuclear membranes require RNA and protein synthesis. PMID- 61203 TI - Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of bleomycin. PMID- 61204 TI - The analysis of Romanowsky blood stains by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for separating and quantitating the components of thiazine dyes and compound blood stains. In terms of speed, quantitation, and component resolution, the assay reported here is superior to other reported chromatographic methods of cationic dye separation. The components present in commercial samples of thiazine dyes and LARCTM stain, a modified Wright-Giemsa stain, have been resolved in 25-40 min on a 5-mum microparticulate silica column using a methanol-water-glycine/acetic acid mobile phase. The mechanism of separation is demonstrated to be based predominantly upon the weak ion-exchange properties of silica. PMID- 61205 TI - Evaluation of a dual-staining method for acid-fast bacilli. AB - A dual-staining procedure for acid-fast bacilli was found to have poor correlation with the Ziehl-Neelsen and auramine-rhodamine staining techniques. PMID- 61206 TI - Evaluation of the acid-fast smear. AB - A retrospective analysis of the data involving all specimens submitted to the mycobacteriology laboratory over the past 20 months supports the continued use of the acid-fast smear as an aid in the detection of tuberculosis. PMID- 61207 TI - Acute effects of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody on the process of glomerular filtration in the rat. AB - Nehron filtration rate (sngfr) and the factors controlling filtration were examined before and with 60 min of the intravenous infusion of 225-450 mug of antiglomerular basement membrane antibody (AGBM Ab) (greater than 50% antigenic saturation) in plasma-expanded (2.5% body wt) Munich-Wistar rats. Pressures in glomerular capillaries (PG) and bowman's space (Pt) were measured with a servo nulling device, systemic (piA) and efferent arteriolar oncotic pressures (piE) were measured by microprotein methods, and nephron plasma flow (rpf) and sngfr were measured by micropuncture techniques in both control and post-AGBM Ab conditions in each rat. The sngfr fell from 52.7+/-2.9 to 24.1+/-1.9 nl/min per g kidney wt (n = 7, P less than 0.001). Both afferent and efferent arteriolar resistances increased and rpf fell from 221+/-25 to 90+/-9 nl/min per g kidney wt (P less than 0.001) but the hydrostatic pressure gradient across the glomerular membrane deltaP = PG - Pt) increased from 37+/- 1 to 50+/-2 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). The increase in deltaP and a numerical decrease in piA both acted to maintain sngfr after AGBM Ab and effectively nullified the influence of decreased rpf upon sngfr. The mean effective filtration pressure (EFP = deltaP - pi) increased from 14+/-2 to 30+/-3 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) while sngfr decreased. The major and critical reason for this reduction in sngfr was a decrease in the glomerular permeability coefficient from 0.077+/-0.017 to 0.014+/-0.001 nl/s per g kidney wt per mm Hg P less than 0.001) where sngfr=EFP-LpA. PMID- 61208 TI - Alphafetoprotein and neural tube defects. PMID- 61209 TI - Assessment of fetoplacental function by biochemical determinations. PMID- 61210 TI - Plasticity in the developing visual system: the effects of retinal lesions made in young rats. AB - The central visual pathways of the rat have been used as a model for investigating the significance of axonal interactions in mammalian neural development. Attention is restricted largely to the aberrant distribution of optic axons to the ipsilateral side of the brain and their distribution in the superior colliculus after early unilateral eye damage. The normal ipsilateral retinotectal pathway in pigmented rats appears as a series of patches located anteriorly and laterally in the stratum opticum, whereas in albino animals it is a small area lying anteromedially. In both, a few axons are often found at the extreme posterior border of the superior colliculus. After unilateral eye enucleation at birth, an aberrant ipsilateral pathway from the remaining eye arises at the optic chiasm. It originates from all parts of the retina and terminates in the ipsilateral superior colliculus in a topographic fashion such that the upper retina projects laterally and the lower retina, medially. The pathway is heaviest anteromedially (from lower temporal retina) and lightest posterolaterally (from upper nasal retina). There is always a heavy projection to the extreme posterior border of the superior colliculus. In only two animals of a large series was direct intertectal sprouting found. After partial retinal lesions, there is again an ipsilateral pathway from the unlesioned eye which fills the projection area of the lesion. As after total enucleation, the pathway arises from most of the ipsilateral retina, not just that region homotypic to the lesion site, being heaviest from the lower temporal and lightest (or deficient) from the upper retina. There is suggestion of ordering of the projection into the deafferented region in that the ipsilateral degeneration after lesions in the intact eye is compact but does not fill the gap in the crossed projection completely. There is also indication that some intact parts of the retina lesioned at birth may also project in an inappropriate retinotopic fashion to the deafferented region. The corticotectal pathway shows a normal map. Study of the ipsilateral retinotectal pathway indicates that the axons terminating at the extreme posterior border of the superior colliculus arise from the lower temporal retina. The results are interpreted as indicating that the aberrant uncrossed pathways after complete or local retinal lesions, compare very closely in most features. Both distribute to the deafferented area of the superior colliculus -- in one, this is the whole surface, while in the other it is a small area. The fact that in the latter case axons are ending in quite inappropriate parts of the tectal map, may be explained more simply in terms of interactions between adjacent axons in the optic pathway rather than by an hypothesis involving a change in the cell labels across the tectal map. PMID- 61211 TI - The olivocerebellar projection in the cat studied with the method of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. III. The projection to the vermal visual area. AB - Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was injected separately in one of the cerebellar lobules VI, VIIA, VIIB, VIIIA or VIIIB (together corresponding to the vermal visual area) in 17 cats. After 1-3 days the distribution of labeled cells in the inferior olive was mapped. In spite of some overlapping it is clear that the various lobules of the vermal visual area receive fibers from separate parts of a horseshoeshaped region in the caudal half of the contralateral medial accessory olive (fig. 5C). The projection area of lobule VIIA is found caudomedially and overlapping with the area supplying lobule VIIB. This in addition receives a few fibers from the nucleus beta. Fibers terminating in lobule VIIIA arise caudolaterally as do fibers destined for lobule VIIIB. A central part of the total projection area projects to lobule VI. Following injections leading to a similar extent of cortical staining in lobules VI, VII or VIII the projection of labeled cells in the corresponding projection areas differ markedly. In the area of lobule VII apparently all cells are labeled, in the area of lobule VI the density of labeled cells is considerably less, and in that of lobule VIII there are rather few labeled cells. In a few cases with widespread staining of the cerebellar visual area there was spreading of HRP to the nucleus fastigii. The projection to this form the olive was therefore investigated to avoid erroneous conclusions. In the discussion it is pointed out that on most points our findings agree fairly well with the results of studies of the olivocerebellar projection undertaken with other methods (studies of retrograde cellular changes, electrophysiological methods). No support for a longitudinal subdivision of lobules VI-VIII was found. Studies of the available literature indicate that the areas in the medial accessory olive projecting onto lobules VI-VIII probably do not receive direct afferents from regions which are known to be concerned in the transmission of visually evoked impulses. Fibers to the olive from the superior colliculus appear to pass to the nucleus beta only. This projects mainly to the uvula, to a little extent only to lobule VII. However, it may be imagined that visual impulses may reach the vermal visual area via the inferior olive by way of intercalated neurons, for example in the mesencephalic RF. Major contingents of afferents to the olivary regions projecting onto the vermal area come from the spinal cord, the motor cortex and the periaqueductal gray. PMID- 61212 TI - Efferents from medial basal forebrain and hypothalamus in the rat. I. An autoradiographic study of the medial preoptic area. AB - Efferent projections from the medial and periventricular preoptic area, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and nuclei of the diagonal band were traced using tritiated amino acid autoradiography in albino rats. Medial and periventricular preoptic area efferents were not restricted to short-axon projections. Ascending projections from the medial preoptic area (mPOA) were traced through the diagonal band into the septum. Descending mPOA axons coursed in the medial parts of the medial forebrain bundle. Projections to most hypothalamic nuclei, including the arcuate nucleus and median eminence, were observed. In the midbrain, mPOA efferents were distributed in the central grey, raphe nuclei, ventral tegmental area and reticular formation. Projections from the mPOA were also observed to the amygdala through the stria terminalis, to the lateral habenula through the stria medullaris, and to the periventricular thalamus. Axons of the most medial and periventricular preoptic area (pvPOA) neurons had a distribution similar to more lateral mPOA neurons but their longest-axoned projections were weaker. The pvPOA did not send axons through the stria medullaris but did project more heavily than the more lateral mPOA to the arcuate nucleus and median eminence. Projections from the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (nST) were in most respects similar to those from the medial preoptic area, with the major addition of a projection to the accessory olfactory bulb. The nuclei of the diagonal band of Broca (nDBB) gave a different pattern of projections than mPOA or nST, projecting, for instance, to the medial septum and hippocampus. Descending nDBB efferents ran in the ventral portion of the medial forebrain bundle. Among hypothalamic cell groups, only the medial mammillary nuclei received nDBB projections. nDBB efferents also distributed in the medial and lateral habenular nuclei and the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus. PMID- 61213 TI - Efferents from medial basal forebrain and hypothalamus in the rat. II. An autoradiographic study of the anterior hypothalamus. AB - Using tritiated amino acid autoradiography, the efferent projections of the anterior hypothalamic area (AHA) were studied in albino rats. Axons from AHA neurons were not confined to local projections in the hypothalamus. Ascending AHA axons ran through the preoptic region, joined the diagonal band and distributed in the lateral septum. Descending AHA efferents within the hypothalamus coursed in a bundle ventromedial to the fornix. Projections were observed to the dorsomedial, ventromedial, arcuate and dorsal premammillary nuclei, and to the median eminence. Sweeping dorsomedially in the posterior hypothalamus, some AHA axons distributed in the central grey. AHA axons staying ventral projected to the supramammillary region, ventral tegmental area, raphe nuclei and midbrain reticular formation. Other AHA efferents distributed to the periventricular thalamus, to the medial amygdala via the stria terminalis or supraoptic commissure, and to the lateral habenula through the stria medullaris. For comparison with the AHA, efferent projections from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and from the ventromedial nucleus and adjacent basal hypothalamus (VMR) were studied. Projections from PVN neurons were not restricted to the median eminence and neurohypophysis. PVN efferents also distributed to many of the same regions as did those of the AHA but had somewhat different fiber trajectories and longer descending projections. VMR efferents were more widespread than those of the AHA, with projections extending into the lateral zona incerta and pontine reticular formation. Projections from the AHA were distinct from those of the medial preoptic area (mPOA). For example, while AHA axons descended in a bundle ventromedial to the fornix, mPOA axons ran in the medial forebrain bundle. Such anatomical differences may underlie experimentally demonstrated functional differences between the mPOA and AHA, for instance, in mediation of male and female sex behaviors. PMID- 61214 TI - Mandibular condylectomy in the guinea pig: quantitative triple fluorochrome study. AB - Different-colored fluorochromes were administered sequentially to guinea pigs and the rate of bone formation measured in their condylectomized control contralateral hemimandibles. The values for labeled bone for condylectomized hemimandibles were lower than for the control contralateral hemimandibles of the same guinea pig. The differences in values of condylectomized and control contralateral sides for DCTC- and total surface area-labeled bone were statistically significant, but were not statistically significant for DCAF- and hematoporphyrin-labeled bone. There was partial regeneration of the condylar process. Although the condylectomized area was nearly normal in shape, its size and proportions were different from those of the contralateral hemimandibles that were not operated on. The greatest differences were noted in the length, height, and the distances measured between the inferior alveolar foramen and the mental foramen and the posterior border of the condyle. PMID- 61215 TI - Rapid qualitative chemical test for the detection of gamma2-phase in dental amalgams. PMID- 61217 TI - Use of dry transfer figures for slides. PMID- 61216 TI - Four-phase study of computer-assisted and slide-tape methods of stimulating clinical endodontic problems. AB - 1. Computer-assisted instruction of stimulated clinical endodontic problems is superior to a slide-tape presentation for test selection but not for diagnosis and treatment planning. 2. The lack of a difference in diagnosis is likely due to the already superior performance of students in diagnosis at the University of Kentucky without computer assistance. A study with students of less background might reveal a difference in presentation methods. 3. Students with high GPSs score higher on a written test of endodontic clinical judgment. 4. Reliable results on the effects of a human tutor's supplementing machine instruction were not obtained. 5. Students felt that the problems presented in this study were useful in preparing for clinical treatment of patients. 6. After some exposure to machine methods of instruction, students divided into three sizable groups, one preferring a human teacher, another preferring a machine, and the third having no preference. The decision to use only machine or human instruction cannot then be made from student attitudes. 7. Students liked the active participation and immediate responses of the computer but not the time necessary to complete the problems. 8. Students liked the self-pacing, speed, and convenience of the slide tape method but not the incompleteness of the problems presented by this method. 9. It appears that there is some justification from this study for offering both slide-tape and computer-assisted presentations to students. PMID- 61218 TI - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of iodofenphos and several related compounds in tissues and urine of cattle. PMID- 61219 TI - Expected decline in carboxyhemoglobin levels as related to automobile carbon monoxide emission standards. PMID- 61220 TI - The cracked tooth syndrome: additional findings. AB - The results of this study add to the previous findings on the cracked tooth syndrome. Treatment to prevent further cracking is a must. Dentists should be aware of the syndrome and, after making the diagnosis, initiate necessary treatment. PMID- 61221 TI - High spontaneous release of histamine in vitro from leukocytes of persons hypersensitive to food. AB - In vitro studies of antigenic release of histamine from peripheral leukocytes (basophils) have been done in more than 600 allergic children. Ordinarily only about 5% to 10% of the histamine content of leukocytes will leak out or be released "spontaneously" during incubation of suspensions in vitro, without the addition of antigen. A small percentage of children were found to have leukocytes that released 25% to 100% of the histamine content spontaneously during incubation. The significance of this was not apparent until recently, when studies were concentrated on children suspected of hypersensitivity reactions to foods, among whom a much greater prevalence of spontaneous histamine release from leukocytes was encountered. Of children proved by a double-blind food challenge to react with manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity, 100% had leukocytes that consistently released over 25% (usually between 50% and 100%) of the histamine content spontaneously without the addition of antigen. Such high spontaneous histamine release appears to be characteristic of persons with clinical evidence of hypersensitivity to food. PMID- 61222 TI - Objective clinical and laboratory studies of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to foods in asthmatic children. AB - Clinical and laboratory observations were made with 38 children afflicted with chronic severe asthma (reversible obstructive airway disease) in which hypersensitivity to food was incriminated in the histories. Symptoms were evoked in double-blind food challenges in only 11/38 children and 14/70 challenges, and were characteristic of immediate-type hypersensitivity and were chiefly gastrointestinal, even though asthma was the common presenting complaint. There were no delayed reactions. Peanut was responsible for 8 reactions, egg for 5, and cow's milk for 1. The feature that most successfully identified those having positive reactions in challenges was a significant wheal reaction in a skin test by puncture technique using a verified extract of 1:20 W/V concentration. No subject with clinically significant, symptomatic hypersensitivity to food had a negative puncture test, and puncture tests were positive in only 10/56 instances of negative reactions in food challenges. Laboratory observations included release of histamine and enzymes from leukocytes and the levels of neutrophil enzymes in serum before and after food provocation tests. While these determinations were of interest with respect to the immunochemical basis of reactions to foods, they did not prove useful for practical clinical diagnosis. The outstanding laboratory findings was the occurrence of "spontaneous" release of 25% to 100% of the histamine from leukocytes in all cases proved clinically hypersensitive by food challenges, which suggests that this may be an indicator of immediate-type hypersensitivity to food. From the findings in the study, a general approach to food hypersensitivity was developed in which the immunologic components coupled with quantitative concentration-response relationships serve to render comprehensible the distinction between asymptomatic (immunologic) hypersensitivity and symptomatic (clinical) hypersensitivity. PMID- 61223 TI - A total synthesis of gliotoxin. PMID- 61224 TI - Tolmetin sodium, a new anti-arthritis drug: double-blind and long-term studies. AB - The effectiveness of tolmetin sodium in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis was evaluated by: 1) a 12-week, double-blind study with a dosage range of 800-1600 mg daily; and 2) an open 2-year study with a dosage range of 400-2400 mg daily. The double-blind study involved 14 patients (7 tolmetin sodium, 7 placebo), and the long-term study involved 24 patients. At frequent intervals, evaluations were made of joint pain, swelling, stiffness and inflammation; grip strength; walking time; and subjective well-being. Various laboratory tests were also performed. In the double-blind study, tolmetin sodium proved superior to placebo and produced moderate improvement. In the long-term study, 5 patients improved markedly, 14 moderately, and 3 minimally. Severe side effefts were notably absent. Some mild side effects occurred but they were transient and did not interfere with therapy. Tolmetin sodium seems effective and safe in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 61239 TI - Tissue fixation with diimidoesters as an alternative to aldehydes. II. Cytochemical and biochemical studies of rat liver fixed with dimethylsuberimidate. AB - Rat liver fixed with dimethylsuberimidate (DMS) was studied to investigate the use of diimidoesters as dixatives for light and electron microscopic cytochemistry. Paraffin sections of liver fixed with DMS at pH 9.5 were weakly stained with the ninhydrin-Schiff procedure, indicating extensive reaction of NH3+ groups with the fixative. Nuclei were strongly strained by the Feulgen procedure, with no background [corrected] reaction. In contrast, glutaraldehyde fixation resulted in a significant background reaction in the cytoplasm and nuclei in controls for the Schiff-based stains. DMS-fixed liver stained intensely for glycogen with the Periodic acid-Schiff procedure, and biochemical analysis of glycogen retention and extractability indicated that DMS retained considerably more glycogen in sections than glutaraldehyde. DMS-fixed liver incubated for thiamine pyrophosphatase activity revealed reaction product in ER cisternae, Goli saccules and bile canaliculi. Peroxisomes were strongly reactive for catalase activity after incubation in diaminobenzidine medium, and reaction product of glucose-6-phosphatase activity was considerably greater following DMS fixation than after glutaraldehyde. Biochemical studies revealed up to twice as musch residual activity of glucose-6-phosphatase after DMS fixation. These results suggest that DMS may be useful as a primary fixative for certain cytochemical procedures. PMID- 61240 TI - Comparative immunoenzymatic localization of prolactin and growth hormone in human and rat pituitaries. AB - Twelve human and twelve rat pituitaries were stained by an immunohistochemical method using a rabbit anti-ovine prolactin serum, a rabbit anti-human growth hormone serum and a sheep anti-rabbit immunoglobulin serum conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. On the same pituitary section, growth hormone cells were stained brown by using 3-3'-diaminobenzidine as peroxidase substrate, and prolactin cells were stained purplish blue by using 4-chloro-1-naphtol. Growth hormone cells outnumbered prolactin cells, especially in human pituitaries where the proportion is at least 10:1. No cells containing both brown granules stained for growth hormone and blue granules stained for prolactin were found in any of the sections examined. In the fetal pituitaries, there was no apparent hypertrophy of the prolactin cells, although the circulating levels of the hromone are known to be as high in the fetus at term as in the mother and much higher than in nonpregnant women. PMID- 61241 TI - Cytochemical reactions of human hematopoietic cells in liquid culture. AB - Growth of human bone marrow in liquid suspension cultures has been used to study normal hematopoietic cell differentiation and abnormalities in blood diseases. A variety of cytochemical stains were applied to human marrow cells cultured in vitro for up to 14 days. AS-D- CHLOROACETATE ESTERASE AND ALPHA-NAPHYHYL BUTYrate esterase were most useful in distinguishing different cell lines in culture. Peroxidase activity disappeared with mononuclear phagocyte morphogenesis and diminished with culture in intermediate and mature granulocytes. Acid phosphatase activity and methyl greed pyronin staining intensity increased with macrophage maturation. PMID- 61242 TI - Platinum-pyrimidine complexes for electron microscopic cytochemistry of deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Platinum-pyrimidine complexes that are amorphous and highly soluble in water when used as sole electron-dense stains show high selectivity for nucleic acid-rich areas like chromatin, nucleolus and ribosomes. A method is presented for the selective staining of deoxyribonucleic acid. Glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue are exposed to 3 N HCL hydrolysis for an optimum time of 1 hr at room temperature before being embedded in Epon. Thin sections are then exposed to Schiff's reagent for 30 min and treated with 1% platinum-pyrimidine complex. The results inselective staining of structures containing deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 61243 TI - Results of virological and serological studies of three influenza A Hong-Kong epidemics in Leningrad. AB - An analysis of morbidity of the population in the course of 3 influenza A/Hong Kong epidemics showed a pronounced decrease in influenza affection of adult population in the last epidemic in 1971--1972. Comparative studies of the diagnostic value of CFR and HIT demonstrated identical sensitivity of CFR as a method of influenza diagnostics in both the epidemic and interepidemic periods. HIT was suitable for the detection of influenza only in the epidemic period. In the interepidemic period, the percentage of influenza infection diagnosed by means of HIT amounted to only 23--24 of all serologically confirmed cases of influenza. The highest percentage of virus isolation was observed when material from patients with serologically confirmed influenza was used. All strains of influenza A virus isolated in 1969 and 1970 were similar in their sensitivity to inhibitors of animal sera. Suring the last influenza epidemic, 2 of the 136 isolated strains were found to be resistant to gamma inhibitors and highly sensitive to the inhibitors showed their close relationship to gamma inhibitors. Antigenic analysis of the influenza A strains isolated during the 3 influenza epidemics revealed changes in the antigenic structure of the agents of the influenza epidemic in Leningrad in comparison with the standard strain A/Hong Kong/I/68 (H3N2). PMID- 61244 TI - Recent advances in surgery for carcinoma pancreas. PMID- 61245 TI - The major histocompatibility complex of the guinea-pig. II. Relationship between mixed leucocyte reactivity and serologically-defined phenotypes of the GPLA B locus and I region. AB - The relationship between the mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) and the serologically defined antigens controlled by genes in the guinea-pig B locus (equivalent to the murine D or K region) and I region was investigated in various inbred and partially inbred strains and in guinea-pig families homozygous for their GPLA alleles. No MLR reactions could be detected among guinea-pig families of a closed colony which had been bred to homozygosity for their GPLA antigens. By contrast, animals which differed in their I region showed strong MLR reactivity. Animals with identical I regions as judged by four serologically-defined specificities only, but differ with respect to B locus determinants, yield appreciably lower MLR responses. It appears that in the guinea-pig, as in other mammalian species, the antigenic systems responsible for MLR reactivity are controlled primarily by genes identical with or closely linked to the I region of the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 61246 TI - The diversity of mast cell-derived mediators: implications for acute, subacute, and chronic cutaneous inflammatory disorders. AB - The mast cell in tissues represents an effector cell capable of elaboration of all the essential mediators of inflammation. The effects of uncontrolled activation may be divided into pharmacologic and inflammatory phases with attendant implications for the initiation of both acute and subacute pathologic processes. The elaboration of chemical mediators by the mast cell makes it possible to recruit blood cells and proteins essential to host defense by a controlled physiologic process that can proceed without significant local tissue damage. When uncontrolled, the same potentiality can be injurious, with the nature of the clinical problem depending upon the location of the cells, the intensity of activation, and the ratio of newly generated and preformed mediators released. The evidence that the mast cell can participate in each form of immunologic reaction--immediate, immune complex, and delayed- as a primary or secondary effector cell and the diversity of its products foretell an evolving recognition of its role in host defense and tissue injury. It is pertinent to develop further methods and criteria to define the nature and extent of mast cell participation in disease processes. PMID- 61247 TI - In vivo studies of the pathogenesis of cold urticaria, cholinergic urticaria, and vibration-induced swelling. PMID- 61248 TI - Effect of cyproterone acetate on androgen-dependent synthesis of alpha2u globulin in rats. AB - Cyproterone acetate (CA, 2-5 mg/100 g body wt) inhibited androgenic induction of alpha2u globulin in spayed rats. In mature male rats, which normally produce alpha2u globulin, ten daily injections of CA did not inhibit synthesis of this protein. Long-term treatment of mature male rats (two injections every week for 12 weeks) showed only slight inhibition of alpha2u synthesis after 10 weeks of CA treatment. CA also failed to compete with 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone for the cytosol androgen-binding protein of male rat liver. The inhibitory effect of CA on the primary induction of alpha2u globulin in the spayed rat and its lack of effect on continued synthesis of this protein in maximally induced mature male rats are consistent with the hypothesis of a two-step mechanism for androgenic regulation of alpha2u synthesis, an initial CA-sensitive step followed later by a CA-insensitive step. PMID- 61249 TI - Immunochemical studies on cardiotoxin from Taiwan cobra venom. PMID- 61250 TI - Cell-free translation of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA into identifiable non capsid and capsid proteins. AB - Foot-and-mouth disease virus (a member of the picornavirus group) RNA could be translated effectively in an S-30 extract from Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. This translation was inhibited by aurintricarboxylic acid, cycloheximide, puromycin and RNase. Cell-free products of translation were identified by disc gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation with specific antisera. Gel electrophoresis of the products without prior immunoprecipitation suggested the synthesis of some of the non-capsid proteins and capsid proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3 of the virus. Immunoprecipitations with antisera against whole virus and VP3 indicated the synthesis of VP3 and of at least two additional peptides of 100 000 and 56 000 daltons containing antigenic sites of VP3. Gel electrophoresis after immunoprecipitation with antiserum against virus infection-associated antigen indicated the synthesis of a different 56 000-dalton protein appearing to resemble non-capsid protein NCVP5. The amount of foot-and-mouth disease virus and VP3-specific peptides in the virus RNA-directed products were measured by immunoprecipitation. PMID- 61251 TI - Monoamines as possible mediators in the regulation of fast axoplasmic flow. PMID- 61252 TI - Transmitter metabolizing enzymes and free amino acid levels in sensory and motor nerves and ganglia of the shore crab (Carcinus maenas). PMID- 61253 TI - Axonal transport of sulfated glycoproteins and mucopolysaccharides in the garfish olfactory nerve. PMID- 61254 TI - SDS gel electrophoresis of rapidly transported proteins in garfish olfactory nerve. PMID- 61255 TI - Early response of rat brain tryptophan hydroxylase activity to cycloheximide, puromycin and corticosterone. PMID- 61256 TI - Hypotheses and recent findings concerning aetiology and pathogenesis of the muscular dystrophies. AB - The survey reports recent findings and current hypotheses on the aetiology and pathogenesis of the muscular dystrophies. Briefly presented are (1) biochemical anomalies of structure and metabolism, (2) membrane defects, (3) the neural hypothesis, (4) the vascular hypothesis, and (5) the connective tissue hypothesis. At present, research interest is focused primarily on membrane structure and biochemistry, on neural muscle trophism, and on the genetic aspects of abnormalities in molecular biology. Whether the progressive muscular dystrophies are primary disorders of voluntary muscle or whether the primary alteration is located outside of the muscle still remains unknown. PMID- 61257 TI - [Cerebral embolism and psychosis with special reference to cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebral embolism can manifest itself in certain cases as pure psychosis. In the absence of neurological symptoms it might be mistaken for schizophrenia or manic depressive psychosis. Cardiac disease and cardiac surgery involve a high risk of embolism. Microembolism plays a special role with extracorporal circulation. There is a significant increase of postoperative psychosis in cases with E.C.C. in comparison to closed heart surgery. Immediately post-operatively there occurs what has been described as the "catastrophic reaction" or "immobilization syndrome". This reaction is in fact an akinetic, parkinsonian-like state for which there is good evidence that it is due to transient microembolism of the basal ganglia ("striatum apoplexy"). After its disappearance around the 3rd--5th day "cardiac psychoses" (cardiac delirium) may manifest themselves. Patients who develop these "late" psychoses have a significantly higher correlation with endogenous psychoses in their family histories. On the psychopathological level- in the absence of disturbances of consciousness and orientation--it is not possible to differentiate between "exogenous" and "endogenous" psychosis. A special type of psychopathological reaction is dependent, as in neurological disease, on the severity of brain damage, its localization and on hereditary factors. PMID- 61258 TI - Papova virus-like particles in a nigral type of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - In this case of Cruetzfeldt-Jakob disease cortical biopsy demonstrated a large number of papova virus-like particles in the axons, dendrites, astroyctic processes and blood-vessel walls, while necropsy findings disclosed a striking status spongiosus and neuronal degeneration in the substantia nigra. The patient also suffered from a testicular feminization syndrome and was treated with immunosuppressive drugs for pemphigus vulgaris. The ready demonstration of viral particles, the rapid course of the disease and the unusual necropsy findings are discussed and related to the pre-existing diseases of the patient. PMID- 61259 TI - Recovery curves of the blink reflex during wakefulness and sleep. AB - The paired shock technique was used to study the effect of sleep on the excitability of the short latency R1 and long latency R2 components of the electrically elicited blink reflex. During wakefulness, R1 returned, after transient potentiation, to its original level in about 150 ms following the conditioning stimulus. Contrastingly, R2 remained profoundly suppressed up to 800 ms, suggesting sustained reduction of excitability of the polysynpatic reflex pathways after the passage of a preceeding impulse. During non-REM and REM sleep, the recovery curve of R1 was similar in character, although different in time course to the one obtained during wakefulness. However, R2 was potentiated rather than suppressed by the conditioning stimulus during both phases of sleep. These findings indicate that, during sleep, the polysynpatic reflex pathways are not inhibited by a preceeding impulse to the same degree as in wakefulness. PMID- 61260 TI - [Pseudodystrophic muscle glycogenosis in adults. (Acid maltase deficiency syndrome) (author's transl)]. AB - A 40-year-old man suffered for 5 years from a progressive proximal myopathy mimicking an atypical limb-girdle dystrophy. A "myopathic" pattern with myotonic and pseudomyotonic discharges was determined by electromyography. Enzyme histochemical and ultrastructural investigations of muscle and liver biopsies pointed to a glycogenosis. Biochemical investigations of muscle and liver samples confirmed this diagnosis, disclosing an acid maltase deficiency. Glycogen filled lysosomes were also revealed electron optically in skin fibroblasts but not in white blood cells. The literature concerning the late onset forms of acid maltase deficiency (type II glycogenosis) has been reviewed, and the clinical course has been compared with that of the infantile form (Pompe's disease). In early infancy the disease has a short and fatal course, with involvement of many organs. primarily skeletal muscules, liver and heart. In the late infantile and juvenile forms the course of the disease is slower, the organ involvement beeing not as severe; muscular symptoms begin to prevail. In adults, type II glycogenosis mimics muscular dystrophy with its prolonged course and the almost exclusive clinical involvement of proximal muscles. Biochemical and ultrastructural investigations have nevertheless demonstrated that other organs and tissues are also involved. The reasons for the variability of organ involvements in different ages are as yet unknown. PMID- 61261 TI - [Electric-sensoric examination and EEG to localize the focus of symptomatic epilepsy (author's transl)]. AB - Somatosensory cortical evoked potentials (SRAP) have been studied in normal subjects and in epileptic patients. The value of this method with regard to intracerebral localization was compared with the results obtained by EEG, scintigraphy, arteriography and surgical exploration. Contralateral evoked potentials were recorded after electrical stimulation of the dorsum of the foot (spinal segment L5) and the ulnar side of the hand (spinal segment C7 or C8). Details of the methods are published elsewhere (Baust et al., 1972). In cases of symptomatic epilepsy the evoked potentials were abnormal, pathological or absent over the specific cortical area independent of whether there was an EEG focus or not. In cases with a normal EEG the changes in the evoked potentials were seen over that hemisphere which was localized by scintigramm, arteriography or surgery as being the side of the lesions (Fig. 1). The patients investigated here suffered from jacksonian epilepsy or grand mal with focal origin; pathologically the angiomas are to be mentioned in particular where the SRAP alterations, and not the EEG, demonstrate the damaged hemisphere (Fig.2). It can be concluded that the study of somatosensory evoked potentials can give more detailed information than the conventional EEG in cases of symptomatic epilepsy with a normal EEG. PMID- 61262 TI - [Unilateral blindness as a complication of carotid angiography (author's transl)]. AB - In a patient with stenosis of the left internal carotid artery acute amaurosis of the left eye was observed after carotid arteriography. The macular branches of the central retinal artery and of the cilioretinal artery were obliterated by embolic material. Two further patients with carotid occlusion and stenosis, in whom spontaneous loss of vision occured, are presented. In such cases the diagnosis may be made with comparable accuracy by other methods, such as ophthalmodynamometry or angioscintigraphy, which entail risk to the patient. PMID- 61263 TI - Spastic paraplegia associated with Addison's disease: adult variant of adreno leukodystrophy. AB - Clinical and pathological features of an adult variant of adreno-leukodystrophy (ALD) are presented. A male with clinical and laboratory signs of Addison's disease (AD) developed at age 22 a slowly progressing paraplegia with slight sensory deficits in both legs and bladder and sphincter dysfunctions; he died at age 24 in an AD crisis. Autopsy revealed hyperplasia of lymphatic tissues, lymphocytic infiltrates in various organs including the CNS and adrenocortical atrophy with prominence of large ballooned, sometimes bizarre and occassionally striated cortical cells. CNS lesions consisted in incomplete demyelination of long tracts of brain stem and spinal cord with accentuation in the pyramical tracts; in these areas, perivascular cuffs of "epitheloid" histiocytic cells contained a strongly PAS-positive non-sudanophilic material. Electron microscopy demonstrated massive stroge of leaflet structures in perivascular histiocytes identical to the lamellar profiles previously described as specific for ALD. Some leaflets were found in close contact with compact lamellar arrays and with an electron-dense fingerprint material within astrocytes. In our case, the spastic paraplegia-AD syndrome which has been described previously in several clinical observations could be neuropathologically classified as an adult variant of ALD. Several differences to "classical" ALD occurring in young boys are stressed: the predominance of the endocrine disorder probably accounting for some of the perivascular lymphocyte infiltrates within the CNS; the absence of both clinical and pathological signs of diffuse cerebral involvement and the peculiar topistic pattern of CNS lesions and the very slow evolution of neurological signs paralleled by the absence of active sudanophilic demyelinating lesions. The possible mechanism of demyelination and the nature of the suggested metabolic defect in ALD are discussed. The ultrastructurally prominent leaflet structures may originate from myelin remnants, thus relating ALD to pathological storage of a myelin degradation product. PMID- 61264 TI - Ceramide hexosides in Niemann-Pick disease brain. PMID- 61265 TI - Muscle karyometry in diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 61266 TI - Is there an anaplastic type of oligodendroglioma? A case report. PMID- 61267 TI - Meningitis associated with herpes zoster. Immunofluorescent demonstration of varicella-zoster antigens in CSF cells. PMID- 61268 TI - Progress in treatment of cancer of the large bowel. PMID- 61269 TI - A radioimmunoassay for bovine parathyroid hormone. AB - A radioimmunoassay for bovine parathyroid hormone (bPTH) has been developed. An antibody was raised in a goat against 1-84 b PTH which was directed against the carboxy-terminal part of the molecule (no cross-reactivity with synthetic 1-34 b PTH fragment). 1-84 b PTH was labelled with 125I using the chloramine-T method. The tubes were incubated at 4 degrees C for 6 days in an equilibrium system with 25% protein concentration. Separation was performed using plasma-coated charcoal. Jugular venous plasma PTH levels were shown to be increased in hypocalcemic parturient cows. PMID- 61270 TI - Constructing a media center. PMID- 61271 TI - Effect of fixation on demonstration of phosphatases of Eimeria tenella grown in chick kidney cell cultures. AB - The effects of fixation with various concentrations of glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde, acetone or ethanol, and freeze-drying on 5 phosphatases of Eimeria tenella and chick kidney cell cultures were demonstrated in situ. Gultaraldehyde inactivated the phosphatases more than did the formaldehyde, but the effect of the combination of the 2 (Karnovsky's fixative) was greater than that of either glutaraldehyde or formaldehyde alone. The higher the concentration of aldehyde and the longer the duration of exposure, the greater the inactivation. The order of sensitivity to aldehyde fixation of the enzymes tested was glucose-6 phosphatase greater than thiamine pyrophosphatase greater than 5'-nucleotidase greater than adenosine triphosphatase greater than acid phosphatase. Cytologic detail was preserved more efficiently with glutaraldehyde than with formaldehyde. Optimal preservation of enzyme activity for cytochemistry was with 2% glutaraldehyde for 30 min or 2% formaldehyde for 1 hr for G-6-Pase, TPPase, and 5'-nucleotidase, and with 2% glutaraldehyde or 2% formaldehyde for 2 hr with ATPase and AcPase. Quenching with subsequent fixation in cold acetone or ethanol resulted in complete inactivation of G-6-Pase, TPPase, and 5'-nucleotidase; although cells fixed in this manner yielded large amounts of reaction product for ATPase and AcPase, the distribution was diffuse, and some of it appeared to be artifactual. Quenching with subsequent freeze-drying was unsatisfactory because nearly all of the cell layers rolled off the cover glasses. PMID- 61272 TI - Intubation of malignant gastro-oesophageal strictures: a modification of the Mousseau-Barbin technique. PMID- 61273 TI - Advances in the treatment of tuberculosis. PMID- 61274 TI - Rat alpha-fetoprotein: isolation, radioimmunoassay and fetal-maternal distribution during pregnancy. AB - A method is described for the isolation of mg quantities of two forms of rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) from amniotic fluid by preparative disc-gel column electrophoresis using a continuous elution system. AFP isolated by this method is suitable for use as an antigen, can be labelled for use in a radioimmunoassay and serves as a reference standard. The characteristics of a new antiserum to AFP are also described. The protocol for a radioimmunoassay is outlined which permits the measurement of AFP in several fetal-maternal physiological compartments throughout gestation. Levels of AFP in fetal liver and fetal plasma suggest that secretion of AFP from liver occurs soon after synthesis with minimal hepatic storage. The pattern for AFP in maternal serum parallels that observed in amniotic fluid and fluctuations in maternal serum levels of AFP appear to be buffered by AFP accumulation in amniotic fluid. Fetal clearance of AFP under normal conditions may be relatively constant from Days 11-20 of gestation since an amniotic fluid: maternal serum AFP ratio of 30:1 is maintained during this period. PMID- 61275 TI - Effects of low doses of chlormadinone acetate in the rat. PMID- 61276 TI - A one-act differential stain of the acrosome with active dyes. PMID- 61277 TI - Ordered transcription of RNA tumor virus genomes. PMID- 61278 TI - [50 cases of mictional complications following abdomino-perineal resection of the rectum for cancer]. PMID- 61279 TI - [Late occurrence of urinary retention after abdomino-perineal resection for cancer. The problem of recurrence]. PMID- 61280 TI - [Functional lesions of the lower urinary tract after abdomino-perineal resection of the rectum]. PMID- 61281 TI - [An accident due to Kaufman's prosthesis. A case of compression ulcer of the bulbar urethra]. PMID- 61282 TI - [Value of peroperative furosemide in urinary surgery]. PMID- 61283 TI - Equine infectious anemia virus: evidence favoring classification as a retravirus. AB - Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) has a density of 1.154 g/cm3 in sucrose a high-molecular-weight RNA similar in size to Rauscher murine leukemia virus, and an internal virion reverse transcriptase that utilizes the synthetic RNA template poly(rA) but not the synthetic DNA template poly(dA), both with (dT)12 as primer. Although capable of utilizing manganese at low concentrations (approximately 0.1 mM), EIAV reverse transcriptase showed highest activity in the presence of 9 mM magnesium. The major protein of EIAV has a slightly lower molecular weight than the comparable protein of type C viruses and co-electrophoresed with 125I-labeled p25 of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus. A reference horse serum with antibodies to the major EIAV protein reacted only with EIAV and not with other type C or non-type C retraviruses. Reciprocally, a broadly reactive serum to type C virus p30s and specific sera to a variety of non-type C retraviruses did not react with EIAV. We recommend the inclusion of EIAV in the family Retraviridae. PMID- 61284 TI - Assay for type C virus in mouse sera based on particulate reverse transcriptase activity. AB - Assay of particulate reverse transcriptase activity in the sera from feral mice naturally infected with type C virus provides a sensitive and rapid procedure for the determination of in vivo virus infection. The results compare well with assays for infectious virus and with complement fixation or competitive radio immunoassays for the p30 internal antigen of the virus. PMID- 61285 TI - Interactions of vesicular stomatitis virus with murine cell surface antigens. AB - The process of maturation of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) results in the loss of 70% of the H-2k antigenic activity from L-cell plasma membranes. This phenomenon is also demonstrated during VSV infection of cells of the H-2d haplotype. Using the method of inhibition of immune cytolysis, VSV-infected L5178Y tissue culture cells and VSV-infected METH A fibrosarcoma cells grown in vivo show a loss of H-2d activity of 73 and 76%, respectively. Using monospecific antisera, it is seen that VSV infection results in a significant loss of antigenic activity of the gene products of both the H-2D and H-2K regions in cells of the H-2d and H-2k haplotypes. In hybrid cells expressing H-2k as well as H-2b, VSV infection results in the decrease of both H-2 antigenic activities to the same extent. VSV purified from L cells shows considerable H-2k activity, but the reaction of this virus with anti-H-2k serum does not prevent a normal subsequent infection with this virus. VSV may associate with H-2 antigen in the culture medium, but the results of mixing VSV with uninfected H-2-containing homogenates suggest that this association occurs only when the host cell and the cell homogenate share the same H-2 haplotype. Velocity sedimentation of VSV, which would remove contaminating cellular membrane fragments, does not separate H 2 activity from VSV. H-2 activity is also stably associated with VSV throughout sequential sucrose gradient centrifugation steps. It is possible that H-2 antigen is a structural component of VSV grown in murine cells. PMID- 61286 TI - RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of RNA tumor virus. VI. Processive mode of action of avian myeloblastosis virus polymerase. AB - Purified avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) polymerase consisting of alpha,beta subunits has been shown to act processively in catalyzing DNA synthesis primed with 34S AMV RNA oligo(dT), poly(A)-poly(dT), and poly(I)-poly(dC). DNA transcripts prepared with 34S AMV RNA-oligo(dT)14 and AMV polymerase (alphabeta) have been shown to have a molecular weight of 1.05 X 10(6), or approximately one third the size of the 34S RNA genome. Polymerase subunit alpha acts nonprocessively with the above templates. PMID- 61287 TI - Antilymphoblast globulin in renal transplant patients. No allergic reactions. AB - The incidence and type of allergic reactions to antilymphoblast globulin (ALG) and their relationship to skin testing, histamine release, and serum levels of ALG and anti-ALG antibodies were studied prospectively in 50 patients receiving high-dose ALG therapy intravenously for the first two weeks after renal transplantation. No clinically apparent allergic reactions occurred in the patients studied. PMID- 61288 TI - Aplastic anemia associated with gamma-benzene hexachloride. PMID- 61289 TI - [Effects of anti-histaminic drugs on histamine liberation induced by d tubocurarine]. PMID- 61290 TI - [Effects of anesthetics on microbutule proteins anesthetic actions resulting in inhibition of cell proliferation and axonal transport]. PMID- 61291 TI - [Studies on absorption, excretion and organ distrubition of bleomycin oil suspension (author's transl)]. PMID- 61292 TI - [Studies on antitumor activities of bleomycin oil suspension in vivo (author's transl)]. PMID- 61293 TI - [The safety evaluation of fradiomycin-gramicidin S troches "Meiji" (author's transl)]. AB - The troches "Meiji" contain fradiomycin (neomycin), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, and gramicidin S, and are effective against gram-negative and -positive bacteria. In this paper the safety evaluation of the troches is reported. In this study male guinea pigs of Hartley strain were used, and fradiomycin (FRM) and gramicidin S (GRMN) were administered orally for 35 days consecutively except Sunday. The PRYER'S reflex test was carried out with frequency range of 10,000 approximately 15,000 Hz before, during and after the administration. After the last administration the animals underwent vital perfusion with physiological saline and then with Wittmack's fixative. Bilateral temporal bones were removed and fixed in the same fixative for several days. Using a conventional method, serial celloidin horinzontal sections were prepared and stained with hematoxyline eosine to observe histopathological effect of the medicines on the organs of CORTI. The results were as follows: 1) There were no remarkable differences in the treated animals from the initial states. No animal died at all the doses tested. 2) All of the guinea pigs received 10 and 50 mg/kg of FRM and 4 and 20 mg/kg of GRMN for 35 days indicated positive pinna reflex in the extensive frequency range of 10,000 approximately 15,000 Hz. There was no remarkable damage in the organ of CORTI on histopathological examination. 3) It was concluded from these results that the troches are highly safe. PMID- 61294 TI - [Cytogenetic study on patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia--Ph1 chromosome translocation using banding method-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 61295 TI - [Tumor specific antigen and cellular immunity]. PMID- 61296 TI - [Tumor scintigraphy using 57Co-BLM. Comparison with 67Ga-citrate]. PMID- 61297 TI - [Histamine in the gastric juice and gastric secretion]. PMID- 61298 TI - [Application of alpha-fetoprotein determination by radioimmunoassay to the diagnosis of primary hepatoma]. PMID- 61299 TI - [Pharmacodynamics of therapeutic agents for pancreatitis. Effect of a synthetic protease inhibitor on the serum alpha1-antitrypsin and alpha2-macroglobulin levels]. PMID- 61300 TI - Mouse virulent strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Relation of antiphagocytic activity to the protection-inducing antigen. AB - Using 10(9) or 10(7) colony-forming units of a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis (strain 1142) in saline or 5% mucin, respectively, 90 to 100% of mice died within 24 to 48 hr after intraperitoneal challenge infection. These organisms gradually multiplied in the peritoneal cavity when injected intraperitoneally into mice, while the mouse avirulent strain (strain 1124) rapidly decreased and no organisms were found there 20 hr after injection. This strain was capable of inducing resistance against challenge with homologous strains. The resistance appeared as early as the first week and disappeared the 4th week after the immunization. However, no resistance was induced with strain 1124 against challenge with strain 1142. Also, hyperimmune rabbit serum prepared with strain 1142 passively protected against challenge with homologous strain in mice. The protective antibody was absorbed out with homologous organisms but not with strain 1124. Subsequently, a surface substance was obtained from strains 1142 or 1124 by the method of Morse. The 1142 surface substance was capable of inducing a resistance against challenge with the homologous strain but not with the 1124 surface substance. Also, this substance absorbed the protective antibody in hyperimmune rabbit serum prepared with the homologous strain but not with the 1124 surface substance nor with the Smith surface antigen extracted from the Smith strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Conversely, the protective antibody in rabbit anti-Smith strain serum against challenge with the homologous strain was absorbed with the Smith surface antigen but not with the 1142 surface substance. In the agar diffusion test, the 1142 surface substance and the Smith surface antigen produced single precipitin lines only against homologous antisera. Biochemical analysis of the 1142 surface substance showed that the substance contained neither nucleic acids nor proteins but is composed of hexosamine, glycerol, phosphorus, alanine, glycine and phenylalanine. PMID- 61301 TI - [Removal of 57Co-bleomycin from urine]. PMID- 61302 TI - [Comparison of 1.0g streptomycin, 0.5g streptomycin and 1.0g capreomycin three times a week combined with PAS and isoniazid in original treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. Report of the 17th series of controlled trial of chemotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 61303 TI - [Palliative surgery in rectal cancer]. PMID- 61304 TI - [Giant drusen of the optic disk]. PMID- 61305 TI - [The vulnerability of the human atrium. I. Correlations between vulnerability, sinus node recovery time and intraatrial conduction time (author's transl)]. AB - Using the extrastimulus method in 100 patients, premature impulses were applied during the relative refractory period of the right atrium. Depending on the atrial response to these impulses we divided our patients in the following 3 groups: Group A: no repetitive firing (61 patients); group B: 1 to 5 additional atrial extrasystoles with a total duration of maximum 1.5 s (27 patients); group C: runs of atrial flutter or fibrilation for at least 8 s (12 patients). The statistical analysis of the following parameters: age, PA interval, absolute and corrected sinus node recovery time did not show any significant difference between the 3 groups. These results suggest that the investigated parameters are of no great importance in the genesis of the atrial vulnerability. PMID- 61306 TI - [Determination of circulating blood volume with the aid of polyglucine]. PMID- 61307 TI - [Method of determination of alkaline phosphatase in gastric juice and the evaluation of its clinical importance]. PMID- 61308 TI - [Determination of fetal hemoglobin in the blood with the aid of photoelectrocolorimeter]. PMID- 61309 TI - [Dansyl-peptide protein charts]. PMID- 61310 TI - [Electrophoresis of RNA in liquid polyacrylamide gels and in gels with acrylamide concentration gradient in thin-layer plates on a hard base layer]. PMID- 61311 TI - [Cytological characteristics of necrotizing Malherbe's epithelioma]. PMID- 61312 TI - [Cytological characteristics of thyroid cancer with different histological structure]. PMID- 61313 TI - [Monolayer culture of blood mononuclears]. PMID- 61314 TI - [Cytochemical study of neutrophils and lymphocytes in patients with thyrotoxicosis]. PMID- 61316 TI - [Current methods of study of leukocyte chemotaxis]. PMID- 61315 TI - [Study of spontaneous rosette-forming cells of human peripheral blood]. PMID- 61317 TI - [Use of fluorescence microscopy in the neutrophil damage test in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 61318 TI - [Determination of lysozymuria in children with pyelonephritis]. PMID- 61319 TI - [Reaction of cellulose-fluorescent antibodies]. PMID- 61320 TI - [Metabolism inhibition test for isolation of antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae]. PMID- 61321 TI - [Method of auxetic cultivation of Trichomonas hominis]. PMID- 61322 TI - [Method of obtaining agarose from agar-agar]. PMID- 61323 TI - [Medium with inositol for isolation of Klebsiella]. PMID- 61324 TI - [Unified methods of laboratory studies]. PMID- 61325 TI - [Methods of study of lipid metabolism]. PMID- 61326 TI - [Circulating blood volume determination with the aid of the dye, vophaverdin]. PMID- 61327 TI - [Diagnostic value of formalin test for detection of dysproteinemia]. PMID- 61328 TI - [Use of fermented and purified diphtheria antitoxin for determination of pathogenicity of Corynebacterium diphtheriae]. PMID- 61329 TI - [Identification of Escherichia of 018 serological group]. PMID- 61330 TI - [Rapid method of determination of sensitivity of Vibrio cholerae to antibiotics]. PMID- 61331 TI - [Use of mixture of Andrede and bromthymol blue indicators in microbial cultivation]. PMID- 61332 TI - Preschool vision screening: a new method fills a need. PMID- 61333 TI - Creative activities approach to health and drug education in the elementary grades. PMID- 61334 TI - New aids for instruction. PMID- 61335 TI - Urinary hormone excretion in benign prostatic hyperplasia. PMID- 61336 TI - [Role of histamine in inflammation and allergic eczema]. PMID- 61337 TI - [Experiences from a conservatively treated thyreotoxicosis series]. PMID- 61338 TI - [Inspiring research has prevention in view]. PMID- 61339 TI - Surgical versus medical treatment in disease of the left main coronary artery. AB - Data from 179 patients with a significant lesion of the left main coronary artery were reviewed to compare survival with and without bypass graft surgery. 149 patients were treated with bypass grafting. Of 38 patients treated medically, 24 were suitable for surgery but either had been evaluated before the widespread use of bypass grafting procedures or preferred medical treatment. Major prognostic factors in this group were comparable to the surgical patients. The survival-rate was consistently higher for the surgically treated group and differed significantly (P less than 0-02) for the total duration of follow-up. At twelve months, 89% of the surgical group were alive, but only 73% of the comparable medical group; at twenty-four months, survival-rates were 86% and 65% respectively. These findings, corroborated by other data, suggest that surgery prolongs life for these patients. PMID- 61340 TI - Is the adrenergic control of renin release dominant in man? AB - Two beta-blocking agents with different properties were used to define the adrenergic component of the renin release which follows orthostasis. Five normal young subjects were tilted to 85 degrees for 30 min on four separate occasions. In two control studies the release of renin, as indicated by changes in plasma renin activity, was highly reproducible. The effects of intravenous oxprenolol and intravenous propranolol, were then compared under the same experimental conditions. Oxprenolol attenuated the renin response in all subjects without completely abolishing it. Propranolol completely abolished the renin response. The difference in the ability of these agents to suppress renin release may be related to the presence (oxprenolol) or absence (propranolol) of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. The increased rate of renin release in orthostasis seems to be mediated entirely by the adrenergic nervous system. PMID- 61341 TI - Oestrogen profiles of parous and nulliparous women. AB - Women who bear their first child at an early age have lower breast-cancer incidence-rates than do women who are older at first birth or who remain nulliparous. The urine "oestriol ratio", the concentration of oestriol relative to the sum of the concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol, is inversely related to a population's breast-cancer rate. To evaluate the relationship between these two breast-cancer risk indicators the urine oestriol ratio was determined for recently delivered uniparous women aged 19-23, 25-27, and 29-34 years and nulliparous women of comparable ages. In the follicular phase, the youngest parous women had an oestriol ratio 40% higher than, and significantly different from, the ratios of all other groups which were otherwise quite similar. In the luteal phase, the oestriol ratio of the youngest parous women was again distinctively raised and generally the oestriol ratios of parous women were higher than those of nulliparae. The results are not explained by differing frequencies of ovulation among the groups or by confounding from several breast cancer risk indicators. These findings support the hypothesis that oestrogen metabolism, as reflected by the urine oestriol ratio, is a determinant of breast cancer risk. PMID- 61342 TI - Isolation of influenza virus from liver and muscle biopsy specimens from a surviving case of Reye's syndrome. AB - Influenza virus (A/Ohio/7/76) was demonstrated by haemagglutination and by direct electron microscopy in chick embryo fluids inoculated with liver, muscle, cerebrospinal fluid, and nasotracheal secretions obtained from a boy with Reye's syndrome, 8 days after the onset of the upper-respiratory-tract symptoms and at the height of neurological and hepatic involvement. This finding accords with the hypothesis that Reye's syndrome may be an epiphenomenon of influenza-virus infection. It is postulated that the pathogenesis of Reye's syndrome may be related to the other influenzal eipiphenomena including influenzal pneumonia in previously healthy persons and influenza-associated myopathy, both of which, like Reye's syndrome, become clinically evident about 7 days after the first clinical signs of influenza. PMID- 61343 TI - Portal hypertension in vinyl-chloride production workers. AB - Portal hypertension was seen in seven patients who had been involved in the production of vinyl-chloride monomer for 4-15 years. Four presented with bleeding oesophageal varices. In liver biopsy specimens non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis was inconspicuous and was seen more clearly on wedge rather than needle biopsy specimens. The intrahepatic venous pattern was hardly distrubed. Three patients have done well following shunt surgery. In one patient an angiosarcoma developed, but fibrosis was a more common lesion and was probably not pre-malignant. PMID- 61344 TI - Prostaglandins and aspirin therapy in Bartter's syndrome. AB - A young patient with Bartter's syndrome was treated for three months with 100 mg/kg/day of aspirin to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. Clinical symptoms resolved and serum-potassium increased from 2-9 to 3-5 mmol/l. Urinary excretion and plasma concentration of prostaglandins E and F were significantly reduced during aspirin therapy. Plasma-renin activity declined from 85 to 20 ng/ml/h (normal 1-5-4 mg/ml/h) and hyperaldosteronism was corrected. These results suggest that overproduction of prostaglandins has a central role in the pathogenesis of Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 61345 TI - Total hip replacement in renal transplant recipients with aseptic necrosis of the femoral head. AB - Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head is a complication of renal transplantation which seriously delays the rehabilitation of the patient despite otherwise successful transplantation. Of 187 renal allograft recipients, 8 underwent 14 total hip replacements. The most severe postoperative problem was an easily reducible dislocation. All patients were relieved of their severe preoperative pains and all were greatly improved in mobility and strength. Renal function was not altered in any patient. It is therefore suggested that total hip replacement be recommended in such cases at an early stage so that the patient may be spared prolonged suffering and may be returned to a programme of post-transplant rehabilitation. PMID- 61346 TI - A suppressor T-cell defect in tropical splenomegaly syndrome. AB - Serum-IgM is always abnormally high in tropical splenomegaly syndrome. It is postulated that patients with this disease have an abnormal immunoglobulin response to malaria because they lack effective T suppressor cells. This defect may be genetically determined, thus explaining the tribal and familial aggregation of the disease. Hypermacroglobulinaemia is associated with the formation of large amounts of high-molecular-weight immune complexes. These complexes are important in the pathogenesis of the clinical features of the syndrome. PMID- 61347 TI - Beta-adrenergic blackade and anxiety. PMID- 61348 TI - Cataract surgery. PMID- 61349 TI - Another go at measuring outcome. PMID- 61350 TI - Regression of athrosclerosis. PMID- 61351 TI - The later years of cystic fibrosis. PMID- 61352 TI - How many fingers in the pie. PMID- 61353 TI - Rational choice of penicillins and cephalosporins based on parallel in-vitro and in-vivo tests. AB - Because of the unavailability of strictly comparable data, seven representative penicillins and the five cephalosporins currently used in Britain were evaluated in parallel, both in vitro and in vivo. Penicillin sensitive and resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis were the main test organisms. Minimum bacteriocidal concentrations of cloxacillin, flucloxacillin, cephalothin, and cephazolin in serum were much higher than conventional minimum inhibitory concentrations in the absence of serum. Cephalexin and cephradine showed the smallest divergence in these values. Staph, aureus beta-lactamase caused least damage to methicillin and cephradine, whereas enzymes from Escherichia, Klebsiella, and Bacillus cereus had least effect against cephradine followed by cephalexin. In mouse protection experiments, highly protein-bound antibiotics had relatively low efficacy. Cephradine had the highest mean activity followed closely by cephaloridine and cephalexin. From the data, cephradine was the cephalosporin of choice, and firm decisions were also made about the choice of penicillins. PMID- 61355 TI - The global population, 1976. PMID- 61354 TI - The management of stillbirth: coping with an unreality. AB - With about 1 stillbirth occurring in every 80 deliveries, stillbirth is a common tragedy. Yet it is an event which, by common consent, is cloaked in secrecy, and which by its very nature seems unreal. There are thus strong forces operating on the bereaved mother and her family, and on the professionals who care for them, to keep the crisis of stillbirth hidden away, therby in fact hindering the mourning and healing process. Bourne has produced statistical evidence to show that family docotrs are astonishingly reluctant to know or remember anything about the patient who has had a stillbirth. I would like to put forward some suggestions for helping doctors to overcome their reluctance to face the problem of stillbirth. PMID- 61356 TI - Fair shares in the N.H.S. PMID- 61357 TI - Hospital care for the elderly. PMID- 61358 TI - Medical manpower. PMID- 61359 TI - Early age of onset and familial breast cancer. PMID- 61360 TI - Breast cancer in a schoolgirl. PMID- 61361 TI - Pregnancy proteins in breast cancer. PMID- 61362 TI - Nasal cancer in U.S. furniture industry countries. PMID- 61363 TI - Therapeutic shunt in alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 61365 TI - Haemopoietic stem cells. PMID- 61364 TI - Stimulation of lymphocytes from patients with coeliac disease by subfraction of gluten. PMID- 61366 TI - Testicular and temperature. PMID- 61367 TI - Fatal marrow aplasia in patient on penicillamine. PMID- 61368 TI - Blood-sampling and diabetic control. PMID- 61369 TI - Diabetes mellitus: Concordance in monozygotic twins. PMID- 61370 TI - Hygiene of crockery and cutlery from tuberculosis patients [lettes]. PMID- 61371 TI - Ige, parasites, and allergy. PMID- 61372 TI - Single solution for oral therapy of diarrhoea. PMID- 61373 TI - Breast in best. PMID- 61374 TI - Breath hydrogen during sleep. PMID- 61375 TI - Identification of Duchenne muscular dystrophy carriers. PMID- 61376 TI - Hypocholesterolaemic effect of pectin. PMID- 61377 TI - Serum-Iga in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 61378 TI - Significance in medical statistics. PMID- 61379 TI - Q fever in Iran. PMID- 61380 TI - Circadian rhythm and chemotherapy for cancer. PMID- 61381 TI - Salivary concentrations of antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 61382 TI - Correlations between disturbed haem synthesis and fetal malformation. PMID- 61384 TI - Human diploid cell strain radies vaccine. PMID- 61383 TI - Propranolo in cocaine toxicity. PMID- 61385 TI - Intracellular lithium and clinical response. PMID- 61386 TI - Plasmapheresis and immunological control of cancer. PMID- 61388 TI - Modified celestin tube introducer. PMID- 61387 TI - Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis in tissue-culture of human thyroid. PMID- 61389 TI - "Anabolic" effects of methandienone in men undergoing athletic training. AB - After failure to confirm an anabolic action of testosterone and its derivatives in rats, methandienone ('Dianabol', an "anabolic steroid" used by athletes) has been given to 11 athletic men during a course of weight-training, in a double blind, crossover experiment. The dose of methandienone was 100 mg/day for 6 wk. Body weight and composition, muscular strength and performance, and indices of endocrine function were studied. Compared with the placebo period, on methandienone the subjects gained weight (mean 3-3 kg +/- 0-6 kg) and accumulated a disproportionately large amount of potassium (420+/-68 mmol); the increase in weight was confined to the lean part of the body, and the muscles increased in size. Strength and performance improved over each training period, but not significantly differently on drug and placebo. On the drug, plasma-cortisol concentration and urinary cortisol excretion increased, and plasma-testosterone decreased. Although the weight and body-composition changes may demonstrate an anabolic action of methandienone in man, they may alternatively have been caused by an increase in intracellular fluid, and the question of anabolic action therefore remains open. PMID- 61390 TI - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by lay people. AB - The survival-rate in 75 of 631 patients with cardiac arrest in whom resuscitation was started outside hospital by lay people was 36%. Only 8% survived when attempts at resuscitation were delayed until the arrival of an ambulance team which included an anaesthetist and a specially trained nurse. These data show the importance of anoxia-time (time from cessation of circulation to initiation of resuscitation) to the chances of survival after resuscitation) to the chances of survival after resuscitation, and support the idea that lay people should be taught and encourage to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation. PMID- 61391 TI - Drug-induced encephalopathy in patients on maintenance haemodialysis. AB - In five patients who had been on chronic maintenance haemodialysis for more than eight months a syndrome involving altered consciousness, asterixis, and abnormal electroencephalogram developed after they had been given flurazepam and diazepam. All five patients were adequately treated by haemodialysis. Hepatic, pulmonary, and cardiac decompensation were not present. The encephalopathy and other abnormalities cleared when the drugs were withdrawn. Symptoms were also produced by accidental rechallenge. PMID- 61392 TI - Parasites and asthma in Tanzanian children. AB - It has been claimed that parasitic infestation suppresses the development of asthma. Eight Tanzanian schoolchildren in whom asthma was confirmed by the demonstration of exercise-induced bronchospasm were found in an ascaris-endemic area of rural Tanzania. Faecal parasites were found equally commonly in the children with asthma and the ninety-seven non-asthmatic controls. The prevalence of asthma (3.3%) in the school under study was comparable with that found in developed countries. PMID- 61393 TI - HLA genotyping by using spermatozoa: evidence for haploid gene expression. AB - Serologically defined HLA-A and HLA-B antigens are expressed in a haploid manner on the surface of spermatozoa. This enabled the HLA-genotypes of four men to be determined by using sperm. This technique will mean that the HLA genotype of potential male graft recipients and others can be determined more easily and even when families are not available. These findings also provide strong evidence that some cell products are encoded by a haploid genome. PMID- 61394 TI - Extra-amniotic prostaglandin E2 and the unfavourable cervix. AB - A small dose of prostaglandin E2 suspended in a viscous medium was instilled as a single application into the extra-amniotic space of patients with unfavourable induction features the day before planned induction in an attempt to improve the condition of the cervix. Two groups of 15 patients were studied, one receiving prostaglandin E2 250 mug suspended in methyl ethyl cellulose ('Tylose') 6% solution, and the other tylose alone. Cervical status did not change in those receiving tylose alone, whereas a significant improvement occurred in 14 out of 15 patients receiving the prostaglandin. Labour began before formal induction in 1 patient receiving tylose and in 8 receiving prostaglandin. PMID- 61395 TI - Hypophosphataemia: A complication of "innocuous dextrose-saline". AB - Plasma and urinary phosphate levels were studied before and after operation in 13 patients undergoing uncomplicated major surgery. The maintenance intravenous fluid in six patients was 0.9% saline and in the other seven patients it was 4% dextrose with 0.18% saline. Although the plasma-phosphate fell in both groups, reaching minimum on the second postoperative day and then returning towards normal, it was significantly lower in the group receiving dextrose on the second, third, and fourth postoperative days when the levels were below the normal range. It is suggested that when dextrose-saline solutions are indicated in postoperative patients the addition of phosphate to the solution should be considered. PMID- 61396 TI - Bone-mineral estimation by computer-assisted transverse axial tomography. AB - The technique of computer-assisted transverse axial tomography has been exploited by minor modification of an E.M.I. brain scanner to determine measurements of bone-mineral content in distal radius and ulna. Such measurements are possible independent of adipose tissue subcutaneously or within the bone and irrespective of bony contour. Preliminary studies suggest that the accuracy and precision justify further longitudinal studies in the exploration of trabecular bone within vertebral bodies by whole-body computer-assisted tomography. PMID- 61397 TI - Necrotising enterocolitis of the newborn--is it gas-gangrene of the bowel? AB - Necrotising enterocolitis (N.E.C.) of the newborn is thought to be caused by ischaemia of the bowel. This would favour the conversion of clostridial spores, which can occur very early in the intestinal tract of newborns, to toxin producing, invading bacilli. The histology of resected gut specimens from 6 of 7 N.E.C. patients who had undergone operation was similar to that in cases of gas gangrene of the bowel and that in experimentally provoked pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. In one case Clostridium perfringens type A was cultured in great number by anaerobic technique. The clostridia in these cases may have played an important role in the development of N.E.C. PMID- 61398 TI - Cot death and the third branchial arch. AB - Congenital anomalies of the parathyroids in cases of cot death have been reported by several workers. Carotid-body hypoplasia also has been noted in typical cases of cot death. Neurally conditioned airway occlusion at the oropharyngeal level has been postulated as a precipitating factor of cot death. All these lines of evidence involve structures derived from the third branchial arch, and it is suggested that developmental arrest of this arch in early gestation may be the pathandemical basis of cot death. PMID- 61399 TI - Real-time ultrasonography for quantified analysis of fetal breathing movements. PMID- 61400 TI - Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 61402 TI - What is childhood autism. PMID- 61403 TI - Resources and quality. PMID- 61401 TI - A step back from a plutonium economy. PMID- 61404 TI - Microsurgery. PMID- 61405 TI - Penicillinase-producing gonococci. PMID- 61406 TI - Monkeys and biomedical research. PMID- 61407 TI - Patterns of antenatal care, perinatal mortality, and birth-weight in three consultant obstetric units. AB - Patterns of antenatal care in three selected consultant units in Britain have been analysed. The study shows that antenatal care operates differently in the three hospitals. Pregnancies resulting in perinatal deaths may not always receive appropriate obstetric care. Patients appear to be at an advantage if they receive consultant-unit care at some stage of their pregnancy. PMID- 61408 TI - Alcoholism amongst male doctors in Scotland. AB - An investigation was carried out into first admissions to, and all discharges from Scottish psychiatric inpatient beds of male doctors and other social class I males who had a primary diagnosis of alcoholism. The rates were more than two-and a-half times higher amongst doctors. Middle-aged doctors were particularly at risk, and 58% of all psychiatric hospitalisations of male doctors between the ages of 45 and 54 years were attributed to alcoholism. PMID- 61409 TI - A few for the multitude? PMID- 61410 TI - Compulsory electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 61411 TI - Suprasellar masses on computerised tomography with intrathecal metrizamide. PMID- 61412 TI - Genetic counselling for Hunter syndrome. PMID- 61413 TI - Audit of audit. PMID- 61414 TI - Health expenditure and population. PMID- 61415 TI - Reversal of experimental paracetamol toxicosis with N-acetylcysteine. PMID- 61417 TI - Co-cultivation of mycobacteria and fungus. PMID- 61416 TI - Islet-cell hyperplasia and sudden infant death. PMID- 61418 TI - Diagnosis of pyogenic meningitis. PMID- 61419 TI - Isolation of pathogenic amoeba from thermal-discharge water. PMID- 61420 TI - Keratitis and Acholeplasma laidlawi. PMID- 61421 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in brain synaptosomes. PMID- 61422 TI - Breast is best. PMID- 61423 TI - Fatal embolism from calf-vein thrombosis. PMID- 61424 TI - Dietary intervention in children in less privileged populations. PMID- 61425 TI - Protein and calorie malnutrition and B.C.G. vaccination. PMID- 61427 TI - Serum alpha1-fetoprotein and H.C.G. in patients with testicular tumours. PMID- 61426 TI - Immunoperoxidase localisation of pregnancy protein. PMID- 61428 TI - Oestrogen-binding protein in plasma of breast-cancer patients. PMID- 61429 TI - Phosphate-deficiency osteomalacia during regular haemodialysis. PMID- 61430 TI - Route and rate of insulin administration in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 61431 TI - Immunoblastic sarcoma arising in child with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. PMID- 61432 TI - Plasmapheresis and immunological control of cancer. PMID- 61434 TI - Dopamine and schizophrenia. PMID- 61433 TI - Inactive renin in human plasma. PMID- 61435 TI - Treatment of diabetes insipidus with carbamazepine. PMID- 61436 TI - Psychiatrists' views on liquor licensing. PMID- 61437 TI - Samuel Whately Davidson. PMID- 61438 TI - Gilbert Steward Hall. PMID- 61439 TI - Fetal outcome in trial of antihypertensive treatment in pregnancy. AB - 242 women completed a controlled trial of methyldopa ('Aldomet') for moderate hypertension in pregnancy. Active treatment was associated with a significantly improved fetal outcome, due in part to a reduced number of mid-pregnancy abortions. There were 9 pregnancy losses in the control group, which included 4 mid-pregnancy abortions, and 1 fetal loss in the treated group. The birthweight and maturity of viable infants were similar in treated and control groups, and a detailed multivariate analysis confirmed that hypotensive treatment had no effect on fetal growth in utero. The better outcome associated with treatment was not due to the prevention of pre-eclampsia, and may be partly due to a direct or indirect effect of methyldopa on uterine activity. Methyldopa is safe to use for the treatment of hypertension in pregnancy in the context of close medical and obstetric supervision. PMID- 61440 TI - Modification of chronic hepatitis-B virus infection in chimpanzees by administration of an interferon inducer. AB - Chimpanzees chronically infected with hepatitis-B virus showed transient changes in several markers of infection when treated with the interferon inducer polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid-poly-l-lysine carboxymethyl cellulose. Serum Dane-particle-associated D.N.A. polymerase, e antigen and hepatitis-B surface antigen, and intrahepatic hepatitis-B surface and core antigens diminished during treatment. Defective (D.N.A.-polymerase-negative) Dane particles increased in titre transiently during treatment; these may play a role in the modulation of hepatitis-B virus infection. Humoral immune responses in chronic hepatitis-B carrier chimps were unaffected. Interferon inducers (or exogenous interferon) may be useful for the treatment of chronic hepatitis-B virus infection. PMID- 61441 TI - Transmissible agents from human sarcoid and Crohn's disease tissues. AB - Mice were inoculated with human sarcoid tissue homogenates or with a first or a second passage homogenate of mouse tissue (including 0.2 mum membrane filtrates) originating from the inoculation of human sarcoid, Crohn's disease, or control tissue homogenates. Epithelioid and giant cell granulomas were present in the footpads and/or viscera of some of the mice given homogenates originating from each sarcoid or Crohn's disease tissue 15 months after inoculation but were not present in mice given control homogenates. Among mice given homogenates originating from human sarcoidosis, granulomas were present in many organs and tissues; in contrast, a pattern of selective dissemination of visceral granulomas was found among mice given homogenates originating from Crohn's disease. This differential distribution of visceral granulomas also followed the inoculation of 0.2 mum membrane filtrates. Granulomatous responses at Kveim test sites in the ear 9-17 months after inoculation of homogenatesoriginating from human sarcoidosis or Crohn's disease were confined to mice showing granulomas in footpads of viscera. The ability of the transmissible agents to induce granulomas in mice was destroyed when sarcoid or Crohn's tissues were autoclaved or when sarcoid homogenates were stored at -20degreesC for 1 week or exposed to 60Co irradiation (2.5 MR). PMID- 61442 TI - HLA antigens and atopic features in steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome of childhood. AB - Atopic systems were more common in children with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome (S.R.N.S.) than in matched controls, and HLA-B12 was more common in children with S.R.N.S. than in adult controls. Atopic symptoms (particularly hayfever), positive prick tests with grass pollen antigens, and a higher mean serum concentration of IgE antibody to timothy grass pollen were more common in nephrotic children with HLA-B12 than in those without HLA-B12. There was also an increased frequency of the haplotype HLA-A1 and HLA-B8, mainly among the non atopic patients. PMID- 61443 TI - Acute leukaemia after immunosuppressive therapy. AB - Three cases of acute myeloid leukaemia developing after treatment of renal disease with cyclophosphamide have been studied. None of the cases was complicated by additional treatment with irradiation or other cytotoxic agents, or by a pre-existing malignancy. Marrow aplasia as a cause of the leukaemia was ruled out. It is suggested that the immunosuppressive action of cyclophosphamide could predispose to the development of malignancy in two ways: malignant clones of cells could emerge and multiply or oncogenic viruses could invade the cells or escape from immunological control and cause induction and development of malignancy. PMID- 61444 TI - An integrated view of the metabolic and genetic basis for obesity. AB - The propensity to obesity in animals and man identifies those individuals who are genetically favoured to survive when food supplies are scarce. Obese subjects are limited in their ability to produce heat, either in a cold environment or after food, because of a reduced activity in skeletal muscle of a "futile" cycle in glucose metabolism. The impaired thermogenesis reduces the maintenance requirement for energy in the pre-obese individual so that a "normal" energy intake can only be balanced by excessive exercise or the expansion of adipocytes. The basal metabolic rate rises as obesity develops and compensates for the impaired thermogenic mechanism. PMID- 61445 TI - A 24-hour urine fractionator. PMID- 61446 TI - No not non-accidental injury. PMID- 61448 TI - Gout for gourmets. PMID- 61447 TI - Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 61449 TI - Selection of medical students. PMID- 61450 TI - Coliform meningitis in the newborn. PMID- 61451 TI - Building a genetic tool-kit. PMID- 61452 TI - Looking at research. PMID- 61453 TI - Mortality and morbidity in Jamaican adults with sickle-cell trait and with normal haemoglobin followed up for twelve years. AB - An epidemiological survey of adults aged 35--64 years living in a rural area of Jamaica was started in 1962--63 and continued until 1975. Information was available on 856 subjects with AA and 119 subjects with AS haemoglobin genotypes. The mortality-rates over 12 or 13 years and the number of clinic attendances in 10 years did not differ significantly between subjects with AA and those with AS haemoglobin. The patterns of disease as well as the life expectancy of the two groups appeared to be the same. PMID- 61454 TI - Preclinical data supporting first clinical trials of new inactivated vaccines. PMID- 61455 TI - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 61456 TI - Thalidomide and female genital malformations. PMID- 61457 TI - Blood-sampling and diabetic control. PMID- 61458 TI - Treatment of childhood Bartter's syndrome with indomethacin. PMID- 61459 TI - Vitamin D in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 61460 TI - More nurses. PMID- 61461 TI - Brand names for drugs. PMID- 61462 TI - Aspirin during pregnancy. PMID- 61463 TI - Protein quality--for whom. PMID- 61464 TI - Somali food shelters in the Ogaden famine. PMID- 61465 TI - Pectin and serum-cholesterol. PMID- 61466 TI - Vitamin-B12 deficiency in Asian immigrants. PMID- 61467 TI - [Energy content of milks fed to infants]. PMID- 61468 TI - [Pancreatic autoimmunity and HLA antigens]. PMID- 61469 TI - Chagas' disease and left-axis deviation. PMID- 61470 TI - Drug-based prevention of pressure sores. PMID- 61471 TI - Surgery for endomyocardial fibrosis. PMID- 61472 TI - Chronic asthma and growth failure in children. PMID- 61473 TI - Chromosome aberrations and metronidazole. PMID- 61474 TI - Histocompatibility antigens associated with motor-neurone disease. PMID- 61475 TI - Symptoms from Corynebacterium parvum. PMID- 61476 TI - Combined carboxylase defect: biotin-responsiveness in cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 61477 TI - D-penicillamine-induced IgA deficiency in Wilson's disease. PMID- 61478 TI - Late complications of catheterisation for intravenous nutrition. PMID- 61479 TI - X-linked recessive (Duchenne) muscular dystrophy and purine metabolism. PMID- 61480 TI - Diet and prolactin release. PMID- 61481 TI - Visualisation of thrombi with technetium-99m urokinase. PMID- 61482 TI - Dietary iodine and cancer risk. PMID- 61483 TI - Rational choice of antibiotic. PMID- 61484 TI - Prevention of coronary heart-disease. PMID- 61485 TI - Heart-attacks and the sauna. PMID- 61486 TI - Oestrogens in ischaemic heart-disease. PMID- 61487 TI - Chloroquine as prostaglandin antagonist in treatment of patent ductus arteriosus. PMID- 61488 TI - Intravenous prostaglandin E1 in severe peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 61489 TI - Selection for bone-marrow transplantation. PMID- 61490 TI - Bromocriptine in Nelson's syndrome and Cushing's disease. PMID- 61491 TI - The invisible worm. PMID- 61492 TI - Fluorescein retinal angiography at the bedside. PMID- 61493 TI - Charles Enrique Dent. PMID- 61494 TI - John Crighton Bramwell. PMID- 61495 TI - Temporary hypothyroidism after surgical treatment of thyrotoxicosis. AB - Mild clinical hypothyroidism associated with low levels of serum total thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) and raised levels of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (T.S.H.) has been observed in 14 of 40 patients (35%) in the early months after a subtotal thyroidectomy for thyrotoxicosis under cover of propranolol. In 10 of the patients, however, the hypothyroidism was temporary and at 6 months after operation the thyroid hormone levels were normal and the serum T.S.H. levels had fallen. In 4 of the patients in whom clinical and biochemical evidence of hypothyroidism persisted 6 months postoperatively, long-term T4 replacement therapy was instituted. It is concluded that the diagnosis of permanent hypothyroidism should not be made with confidence before 6 months have elapsed after operation and that the incidence of hypothyroidism following the surgical treatment of thyrotoxicosis may have been overestimated in the past. PMID- 61496 TI - Amine metabolism and the small bowel in uraemia. AB - Intestinal intubation was carried out in 21 subjects: 9 with end-stage renal failure, 2 with early renal insufficiency, 7 untreated patients with blind-loop syndrome, and 3 normal volunteers. All 9 patients with uraemia had significantly raised duodenal dimethylamine (D.M.A.) concentrations compared with the other groups tested. Alteration of the intestinal bacterial flora with antibiotics markedly reduced serum D.M.A. and trimethylamine concentrations and modified the symptoms. Potentially toxic metabolites in the small bowel might have significant nutritional and toxic sequelae in uraemia and these findings suggest that current therapeutic approaches to the treatment of end-stage kidney disease should be re examined in relation to bowel flora. PMID- 61497 TI - Mucus antibodies in pulmonary tuberculosis and chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - An indirect immunofluorescence technique and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique were used on cryostat sections of human group-O submaxillary salivary gland and rat stomach. Circulating antibodies reacting with mucus antigen(s) were found in sera from 52-7% of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and in 21 8% of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Among hospital patients with other diseases and healthy controls, mucus antibodies were found in 7-2 and 5.4% respectively. The mucus antibodies were not absorbed by an excess of red blood-cells derived from group AD+ healthy subjects or from the rat donor of the stomach, while the fluorescence and the immunoperoxidase reactions were almost completely abolished after the absorption of positive sera with human dried bronchial secretion. It is postulated that mucus antibody may be a new and important serological marker of disorders accompanied by mucus accumulation in the lung and possibly other organs and/or by severe changes of the anatomical structures which act as a barrier to the reabsorption of abnormal amounts of mucus. PMID- 61498 TI - Hypoglycaemic effect of liposome-entrapped insulin administered intragastrically into rats. AB - The possibility of using liposomes as intragastric carriers of insulin was investigated in normal and diabetic rats. 1-3 units of insulin entrapped in dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine cholesterol liposomes administered to normal rats decreased blood-glucose levels in 4 h to about 77% of those before treatment. Higher doses (4-2 and 8-4 units) extended this effect over 24 h. 1-0 units of insulin entrapped in the same liposomes had an even more pronounced effect in diabetic rats--levels of blood-glucose were reduced to 57% of pretreatment values after 4 h. Insulin entrapped in egg phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes was less effective. The effectiveness of liposome-entrapped insulin was similar in diabetic rats whether administered intragastrically or intraperitoneally but free insulin was more effective intraperitoneally. Radioimmunoassay of insulin in the serum confirmed that lowering of blood-glucose after the intragastric administration of liposome-entrapped insulin was related to the entry of at least some of the insulin into the circulation. PMID- 61499 TI - Pregnancy hepatitis in Libya. AB - The death-rate from hepatitis in pregnant women in Libya is high. Of 922 hepatitis patients treated during 1975, 377 were males and 545 were females. The case fatality-rate was 0.53% for males and 7-67% for females. In 293 pregnant women it was 12-97% compared with 1-6% in 252 non-pregnant women. In pregnant women deaths occurred mainly in the last trimester. Although 18-4% of the male patients and 15-2% of the women were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive, no patient shown to be antigen-positive died. The frequency of hepatitis in the second half of the year fell both in pregnant women and in the general population, suggesting a warning hepatitis-A epidemic. The exact cause of the high mortality in pregnant women is not clear, but it may have a nutritional basis. PMID- 61500 TI - Oral methionine in the treatment of severe paracetamol (Acetaminophen) overdose. AB - 30 patients at risk of hepatic damage from paracetamol (acetaminophen) ingestion were given 2-5 g oral methionine every four hours up to a total dose of 10 g. The first dose was given within ten hours of the overdose. There were no deaths and no reports of hepatic encephalopathy or other complications. In 21 patients plasma aspartate-aminotransferase remained within normal limits. These results suggest that methionine may be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of paracetamol-induced liver damage and may provide an effective non-toxic alternative to cysteamine. PMID- 61501 TI - Integrated concentrations of catecholamines in phaeochromocytoma. AB - The measurement of integrated concentrations of catecholamines has been made possible by a new blood-sampling system. Information about the behaviour of phaeochromocytomas obtained in three patients suffering from this condition suggests that catecholamine crises are caused by active synthesis of hormones, rather than release from a stored pool. PMID- 61502 TI - The neurology of vitamin B12 deficiency. Metabolic mechanisms. AB - The widely held view that the neurological and haematological complications of vitamin-B12 deficiency have different metabolic mechanisms appears unsound. It is suggested that the metabolic mechanisms involved are similar and that the neurological manifestations are the result of a secondary disturbance in folate metabolism as has already been postulated for the megaloblastosis. PMID- 61503 TI - Drugs for rare diseases. PMID- 61504 TI - Folic acid and the nervous system. PMID- 61505 TI - Deafness and mental illness. PMID- 61506 TI - Prostaglandins and the ductus arteriosus. PMID- 61507 TI - Sodium bicarbonate and tricyclic-antidepressant poisoning. PMID- 61508 TI - The Normansfield suspension. PMID- 61509 TI - Idiopathic late-onset immunoglobulin deficiency. PMID- 61510 TI - Research at the zoo. PMID- 61511 TI - Science in the medical curriculum. PMID- 61512 TI - Measuring partial thromboplastin-time. An international collaborative study. AB - A series of collaborative exercises on the partial thromboplastin-time (P.T.T.) test, involving over three hundred hospital centres in Britain and overseas, were performed in 1975. Lyophilised test plasmas were issued from the World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre for Anticoagulant Control Reagents to participants, together with a standardised reference P.T.T. reagent and a standard technique. Hospitals were asked to test the plasma samples with the standardised reagent and technique in parallel with their customary local P.T.T. reagent and method. The overall success-rate in detecting the intrinsic clotting abnormality in the eight abnormal test samples was higher with the standardised reagent and technique than with all other reagents. Furthermore, fewer hospitals obtained false positive results when the normal plasma sample was tested with the standardised method rather than with their usual routine reagents. An index was used to measure the success-rate of the P.T.T. reagents in correctly identifying the test plasmas as normal or abnormal. The eight test plasmas showed a varying degree of abnormality. A system of "weighting" was therefore introduced as the failure of a P.T.T. method to detect more severe defects was regarded as more serious. Although hospitals were unfamiliar with the standardised method, the results established its superiority over all other P.T.T. reagents included in the trials in sufficient numbers for analysis. Failures with commercial reagents may have been caused by insensitivity of the cephalin extracts or the unreliability of the manufacturers recommended techniques. Since the same laboratories obtained good results with the standardised method technical failure can be excluded. PMID- 61513 TI - Antigen and infectivity of HBsAg carriers. PMID- 61514 TI - Prognostic value of e antigen in acute hepatitis. PMID- 61515 TI - Hepatitis A virus. PMID- 61516 TI - Inactive renin in human plasma. PMID- 61517 TI - Effect of digoxin on plasma-renin-activity in man. PMID- 61518 TI - Digoxin-induced arrhythmias in hypokalaemia. PMID- 61519 TI - Acrocyanosis treated with bromocriptine. PMID- 61521 TI - Lymphocytic pleural effusions. PMID- 61520 TI - Gastrointestinal bleeding in patients on bromocriptine. PMID- 61522 TI - Labelled granulocytes for diagnosis of suppuration. PMID- 61523 TI - Enzyme-multiplied immunoassay. PMID- 61524 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure in recurrent apnoea. PMID- 61525 TI - Near-miss sudden infant death. PMID- 61526 TI - Ascorbic acid and paraquat toxicity. PMID- 61527 TI - Fatal inhalation of methylfluorosulphate. PMID- 61528 TI - Hypothyroidism in congenital rubella. PMID- 61529 TI - Blast-cell transformation chronic granulocytic leukaemia. PMID- 61530 TI - Patients' awareness of cancer. PMID- 61531 TI - Drug costs. PMID- 61532 TI - Pathophysiology of diabetes. PMID- 61533 TI - Herpes-simplex-type-2-antibodies and HLA-B12 in cervical cancer. PMID- 61534 TI - Intra-articular methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis.